i 8 aie att sneratas Deere ss pret o ns FEA PAWN OM ALT, =~ STR oko : een sess : fn oa em Pee Ree etal ew SS Dea Me ees Gere ns * ae ee eit ott ee an oe Cha as nes sande Se tgrtor ty ek nro gly Anta A eee te eo FE eee a Ka tine Bes ame. = ¥ oo ae = = is sono manine, we estas aaa eae ae + Se 4% ~ ‘ . i b ‘ sae = sh este = SRS US a ae” A ye , ¥ ; r A See aie 3 1 - poses - a 2b a pesmi ye Co . Y f ; a \ z i ) ~ i Z 4 's y y sre? Pes f F F ci : f- as ‘. Sach: . iii oY ‘ , rs } ene H , \ : A i j ) f : ’ has ho | t + | Pen 5 \ h rae, i l= 4 : * ‘ y ‘ c A n uh 4 . mies creed: howe as oT a v = 7 e 2 ef : an ; me ee cele Te il ii , F i } i (are ed hee op At gest] gal ic { ; Banter i‘ 53 ( t t Pe ‘ak ; ; eed v= 2)) sit ( i es bay ’ ij ‘ korea If fo i i / fl he f iy i fog ie Y er "4 » 4 ) 47 N Li 1 y eh t k i Ps 1 : i f F ‘ 4 ( : i he aba ; 17 \ ‘ f CF . in \ vv . ! ~~ +] I; eget « 5 7 5 : if ¢ -~¢ ; Ato i 2 iW i 2 ‘, ed ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFaLOND ON. 42 Ee abs - Qo ¥ C4 t= P, Una Wo PART XXV EL; 1859. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ; SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE, AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMANS, AND ROBERTS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Apams, ArtTHurR, F.L.S., Surgeon H.M.S. ‘ Acteeon.’ page Notes on the Sealy Ant-eater (Manis javanica), taken aun andvaner death ieee che oy. wes Pees tne LOO Description of a new Conchiferous Mollusk of the genus PAOLO UGE pay as ieee oa iaia| sin vac is oka e, Lp Rls nhs Pata: wb wid eneeseiahs «tis, AOL Apams, A. Lerrn, A.M., M.B., 22nd Regiment. The Birds of Cashmere and Ladakh ................ 169 Batrp, W., M.D., F.L.S., &c. Description of a New Species of Tenia .........000-. 111 Description of a rare Entozoon from the Stomach of the SON er ey Me eh i a: 1 cali ae 148 Description of some new recent Entomostraca from Nagpur, collected by the Reve s.Hislop 2.2) i0 tie eh. o o. 231 Description of a New Species of Entozoon (Sclerostoma sipunculiforme) from the Intestines of the Elephant ...... 425 a 2 Bartvett, A. D. Note on the Artificial Propagation of Salmon....... Indications of the existence of a second species of Emeu (CURGTIEID Ee Sa es Remarks on the Habits of a Herring Gull(Larus argentatus) On the most efficient means of preserving the Eggs of Birds in order that they may be afterwards hatched............ Bennett, Dr. Georees, of Sydney, F.Z.8., &e. Notes on the Mooruk (Casuarius bennettii).........-.. Notes on the Habits of the Mycteria australis or New Hol- land Jabiru (Gigantic Crane of the Colonists)... .. Description of a New Species of Perga, or Saw-fly, found feeding upon the Eucalyptus citriodora of Hooker, or Wide Bay Lemon-scented Gum-tree ........... Sc Notes on the Duck-bill (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) . On the Long-tailed Flying Opossum ee favisentris ina stateof nature and micapiivity 22.0 ns e e Notes on Australian Cuckoos On the Fish called Glyphisodon biocellatus............ Notes on Sharks, particularly on two enormous specimens of Carcharias leucas captured in Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales .... Notes on the range of some species of Nautilus, on the mode of capture, and on the use made of them as an article of food Exhibition of specimens of the Egg of the Mooruk (Casua- rus bennettit) <.. 3. os Ae veut ee ee ee ee Exhibition of a series of twelve coloured drawings of va- rious species of Nudibranchiate Mollusks from the harbour and vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales, made by Mr. G. F. Angas, Secretary of the Australian Museum, Syduey. . Cosson, T. Spencer, M.D. Letter respecting the Cause of Death of a young Giraffe in the: Society's Gardens 2 te oe ee ea 223 226 351 351 494 Vv page Crisp, Epwarps, M.D., F.Z.S., &ce. Exhibition of a Hen that had assumed the plumage of the Cock... Pera oet lb cea s/s Occurrence of a Bantam Hen sitting upon the Eggs of a Water Ouzel (Cinclus aquaticus), and hatching and rearing 5 ODI La CSTR St Gee 8 oe oh roe ae an SR ca a Desuayes, Mons. ae General Review of the genus Terebra... 2. 2.2.2... Exuiot, Danie G., of New York, F.Z.S., &c. Exhibition of three specimens of Hybrid Ducks from his own collection, obtained on the South Shore of Long Island, ‘UIA ae eg GouLp, Joun, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c. Extract from a Letter addressed to him by Dr. George Bennett of Sydney, respecting the Semipalmated Goose.... Exhibition of Drawing of a Pheasant (Diardigallus fas- ciolatus). . i. prestaene sates tse Lal avs List of Birds from the Falkland Islands, with enters of the Eggs of some of the species, from specimens collected principally by Captain C. C. Abbott, of the Falkland Islands Detachment ..............-...- + seeeee Onear New Species‘of Odontophorus.. seu bees coe On the Members of the genus Rupicola, and whether there Pe Atent WOOF MMOLE SPECIES! ... 4.0.6 holes «ne ve Hees (eA On a New Species of Dendrochelidon, or Tree Swift .... Exhibition of all the known species of the genus Elanus, marhudescription of a New Species\.........0<.ei eh. Description of two New Species of Birds ; one belonging to the family Cuculide, the other to Coturnicee......... List of Birds collected at Tavoy, in the Tenasserim Pro- vinces, by Capt. Briggs, Deputy Commissioner of Tavoy .. List of Birds collected in Siam by Sir R. H. penne H{. B. M. Consul at Bangkok .. Eesti rale e ele, 200 437 39 40 93 98 99 100 126 128 149 Lol vi page On the Nidification of the Kingfisher (Alcedo ispida).... Exhibition of some specimens of Birds of the genus Uro- cissa (Corvide)......... Exhibition of specimens of the new Paradise Bird (Semi- optera wallacit), and a Drawing of the Nest and Egg of Settella. chrysopterd x...2.~).-.6i00 le oes Exhibition of a fine species of Pheasant from Siam, Diar- digallus crawfurdi (D. fasciolatus of Blyth), and of a spe- cimen of the Royal Spoonbill of Australia, Platalea regia. . On two New Species of Conelus 25 02 i cee cee Gray, GEORGE Ropert, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c. On a New Genus of Goat-Sucker and on a New Species of Enicurus, both from Darjeeling, from the Collection of Brian H. Hodgson, Esq.,:Corr. Mem. Z: 8.7.0.2) 5%) eee Notes on the new Bird of Paradise discovered by Mr. Weallace siisccct you Sl afk aeae cies eee ee er Exhibition of a drawing of Tringa pectoralis .......... List of the Birds lately sent by Mr. A. R. Wallace from Dorey, or; Dorery, New, Guinea. 9). sneer List of New Caledonian Birds .......... Description of a New Species of Diver eee On a New Species of the family Papilionide from Batchian Gray, Dr. Joun E., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc., &c. Description of the adult state of Voluta mamilla, Gray . . Notice of Notopteris, a New Genus of Pteropine Bat from the Feejee Islands ..... 152 351 393 493 Notice of a New Genus of mophebanclate Fishes from | Western Australia .3 002: See eee ee eee Ou the Sea-Bear of Foster, the Ursus marinus ae Steller, Arctocephalus ursinus of Authors. ..0......-+.1.-+-.-- 2. On the Hared-Seal of the ae of Good au (Otaria delalandit) . . ree ss Hay oie tuck ese es 102 107 vil | page Descriptions of New Species of Salamanders from China ring, STShT qs 6A eRe Se eee ge ater aaa i Ta ee erm OL) SIE Description of Scapha maria-emma, a New Species of ere Mr gfe «tia Meier etched cat Yel ees Genes 6 4 280 On the Sea-Lions, or Lobos marinos of the Spaniards, on PM eOMO NIMOrIA. coc aS tock koe Moca Chee ka BOT. Description of Macandrewia and Myliusia, two new forms Re NPREEE NGS Serer avete sce c oleae 1k ON oad GPeTeseat erate se AGT. Description of a New Species of Squirrel (Sciurus stamensis) from Siam, in the Collection-of the British Museum ...... 478 Description of a New Species of Freshwater Tortoise from SU REPPEPIEecee ar ay the Meme Nas hatte kd it ea cee (AIS Description of some new genera of Lithophytes, or Stony SOG Ti EUS Berge 1 5 eee area nie aa Aue OE a 479 GinTHeER, Dr. Auzert, Foreign Mem. Z.S. Wnithe Genus: laps of Waplets ia... base foo 79 List of the Cold-blooded Vertebrata collected L Mr. Fraser m the Andes of Western Ecuador................ 89 Second List of Cold-blooded Vertebrata collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of Western Eucador ............... 402 - Description of a New te of Anolis from Central Ame- HG 20 So oiSois cena cher sete ene : sate HAZ On the Reptiles and Fishes collected Lyd the Rev. H. B. firictraman, Northera Africa ~ 25% 028th... ol. 460 Hamitton, Dr. E., F.Z.S., &c. Exhibition of three curiously plumaged Pheasants ...... 437 HANLEyY, SYLVANUS, F.L.S., &e. Descriptions of New Univalve Shells from the Collections of H. Cuming, Esq:, and 8. Hanley, Esq. :..:.......... 429 Systematic List of the Species of Doliuwm .. ne 487 Hay, Major W..E., F.Z.8., &e. Notes on the Kiang of Thibet (Baus kiang) .. SAE 6 iste) Vill page Hewirtson, W. C. ‘Descriptions of Butterflies from the Collection of Mr. Wallace <8 make aie oon, Specs chai ety te oe en Hoxpsworth, E. W. H., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. Some additional observations on Zoanthus couchii ...... 124 On the Development of Aurelia aurita in the Society’s AIGMATIA, oc 5 cas) oiass snare, «ity ko oleko sone ayh etal one 201 Kavup, Dr. Description of a New Species of Fish, Peristethus rieffeli 103 Moore, Freperic, Assist. Nat. Hist. Dep., Museum, India House. Descriptions of some Asiatic Lepidopterous Insects belong- ing to the tribe Bombyces.. 1), a. gas 2a er Synopsis of the known Asiatic Species of Silk-producing Moths, with descriptions of some New Species from India.. 237 Notice of a rare Asiatic Pigeon...........25.0. cues 400 List of Malayan Birds collected by Theodore Cantor, M.D., with descriptions of imperfectly known Species .......... 443 Moore, Tuomas J., Keeper of the Derby Museum, Liverpool. List of Mammals and Birds collected ae Mr. ‘ae Leyland in Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala . pole. 50 Owen, Professor, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c. On the Gorilla (Troglodytes gorilla, Sav.) ............ 1 Prreirrer, Dr. Louis. Descriptions of Twenty-seven New Species of Land-Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq............-1... 23 Descriptions of Two New Species of Melampus from the same Collection (=...) ie te amen leet ee eee ee 29 Descriptions of Eight New Species of Achatinella from the same Collection: . 2230 ere 2 te ce ee 30 ec Rappi, Professor. Exhibition of numerous Preparations illustrative of one of the Processes of his New Method of Preserving Animal Sub- stances Reeve, Lovetu, F.L.S., F.G.S8. &c. Description of Two New Species of Bulimus from the Col- lection of Mrs. De Burgh..... SanpwitH, Humpuwrey, C.B., Pres. of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of the Mauritius. Notice of the Habits of the Aye- a of Madagascar (Chiromys madagascariensis) . SCHLAGINTWEIT, HERMANN. Exhibition of specimens of Heads of a Sheep from Thibet, showing a curious modification in the form of the Mors... 222... ScuaTerR, Puintie Lutiey, M.A., F.L.S., Secretary to the Society. Descriptions of New Species of the American family Tyrannideé...... Bn ER St Oe ENA er Rn OMe Description of a New Species of Owl of the genus Crccaba Note on the Spurwinged Geese Cay now ove in the Society’s Gardens : List of the first Collection of Birds made © Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador, with Notes and Descriptions SIME WE SPCEICS are or re eH geY Rue Ne a bas “aby fc wand Aho On some New Species of Synallaxis, and on the Geogra- phical Distribution of the Genus .. .. Exhibition of two rare species of Arctic Birds—Colymbus adamst and Hurinorhynchus pygm@us .. 0... ee eee ees A Record of the number of Days of Incubation of Birds wiaich breed inthe Society's Gardens ... 050002. fo oe Remarks on exhibiting specimens of Two Species of Divers (Colymbus) from Mr. Gurney’s Collection .............. On a Collection of Birds from Vancouver’s Island ...... 200 ll) 40 13] 13] 201 % page A Synopsis of the Thrushes (Turdide) of the New World 321 Exhibition of an Egg laid by the Apteryx (4. mantelli) which had been living in the Gardens since 1852 ........ 350 Exhibition of Eggs of Grus montignesia, G. virgo, and G. cinerea, also of an Egg of Baleniceps rex .............. 3538 On a series of Birds collected in the vicinity of Jalapa in Southern Mexico. 02.5 Gi sine eee e coors igre re eee List of Birds collected by M: A. Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with descriptions of New SPeCles..- Fs... veh. vie b eletn Sheet Geld eee iN On some new or little-known Birds from the Rio Napo.. 440 On some Hybrid Ducks bred in the Society’s Gardens .. 442 Scort, A. W., M.A., Member of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales. On a New Lepidopterous Insect from Australia........ 207 Description of a species of Perga, or Sawfly .......... 209 ‘Sowersy, G. B., F.L.S. Description of Shells in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. 428 SpEKE, Capt. J. H., 46th B.N. I. Notes on the Habits of Two Mammals observed in the Somali Country, Mastera Atmea .. 27. ec eee 234 STEVENS, SAMUEL. Exhibition of two beautiful new Butterflies collected by Mr. Wallace in the Island of Batchian.................. 35] STEWART, THomas Howarp, F.Z.S. Exhibition of specimens of Corystes cassivelaunus, and the young of Comatuld rosea: aheeas eee eee ee ee THompson, WILLIAM. On a species of Holis, and also a species of Lomanotus new to science ; with the deseription of a specimen of Lolis cerulea of Montagu. 5) See een i oe eee ie ee sO i Xi Tomes, Roserrt F. Description of Six hitherto undescribed Species of Bats... Tristram, Rev. H. B., Corr. Mem. Z.S. Exhibition of some Mammals, Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes collected in the Algerian Sahara .......... Notes on the Reptiles and Fishes of the Sahara VeRREAUX, M. Juxes, Corr. Mem. Z.S. Description d’une nouvelle espéce de Barbu de |’ Afrique SVE SG SIMI Sank ae ne co) Von vem Busca, Dr. On some new Freshwater Shells from Ecuador and New Granada, in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. .......... Watuace, A. R. Extract from a letter received by Mr. S. Stevens from Mr. Wallace, dated Batchian, October 29, 1858, referring to a new Bird of Paradise......... pO Te RAS hacetchets) a's) viel oa laid’ 0s sisters @ oe eis at 10/e We 353 AVES. OT DICNATOCINCIE ONUDALUNGs «0.063 oir des sete cee vee sieves 50 CLE. Chloronerpes sanguinolentus ......0.. 000 Tee ce eee es 50 SEEDER OLOL EMIT MOUTSONE (:. ae acare de wean eleop usin oiaitidicag sis ee 101 CLIII. Plectropterus gambensis LP wed tiee Seat saa loxthawhswaracal ao. ee Shs. 6 } 131 ao TI PICLL UE a. reusncrsy edn wx evens alin see oi jeg es SOON ee EN CONPOSCI Oooo occ su) © peuoiteih sa ic! aise 'ei cals sia ieee) «jar6 ike 135 UN EeeCONDODhAGA GOUALR. Gaia sis Seyic ned clevee cic et ease teas 160 Nile WiontajringiWlacadamst 9. ox elec. bo cc v ees pen scence 169 CEI am odon QlOUCNET IS. 6 o.%. 5.5 vie's\v ween oe cone wb ate e a 393 CLV. Hybrid between Tadorna vulpanser and Casarca cana.. 442 REPTILIA. Walle phis (nuestinalis rate ktsce lots) ea ecdeie eo e'o's. wale os oles XVI. | — GUM OCUNAIIS ay eaccc neti sabia tase Siero eale o< | MUCCULUCCD SH seater. (wih et ce- oes Sea sre ays eee XVIL. Callophis univirgatus Bee ato seas Meat ee ee PavAs) WEGINICE VO OCCUBILATISS 3 bal tisha ws oe tatetle 6) ole Sip en | HE VOSHCLCCORGUUS esatte Wiese tre elnie a ie oceie wis c's owl sree die! e We eu eg | Z 25 UG ROMS Es Bl a Se CAO eR EN oe 3) OES 8 UUA OS A csets0 D OOO DODO GO Cou a a milcde 299 a { IPlelhOdOm PerSUMULS ee ews as oar ie ean eke op } CErCOSAUrUs: TROMOTRCR ce i sees cause es He Reatys tone aie) ol : 402 HE OCEMUCUUSATLOECSCENS (8. Ku lens, 305, 4s an ehu gos) Say es 8a I NOXT S| Geoclemmiys MACrOCEPHGIG «0\. cnc sls oes hee gieece sees os 478 LIST OF PLATES. i PISCES. Plate - Page Vil. Haluchtins teniophora s,s. . wen eee pe see 38 VIIL.. Pertstethus rieffeta 30 hae sac a sos 5 tise ee ee IX { Glyphisodon DipCell anus. x oi ciel aa aleta oe» o> eee 222 " Haligenes tristramit® 152-8 vems css one de 2 eee 469 MOLLUSCA. ALU. Hele reject, G6. ss oa «one 0.0 oles) ote 23 RUA... Helvcana frasert, G6) t5 occ to: oo Se a ee 23 XLV. Volutasmomilla.. 6 oe es oe ai 34 Scissurella mantelli .......... “eles eto ately Rice meenene tetees 202 XLVI. { Cyclostoma articulatums. 2.2 %<2. =o patiide ee ee 204 XLVII. Shells collected by Capt. Speke in Central Africa ...... 348 ALVIN. - Scapha maria-emma: way op sre - ots eo es 230 XLIX. New Shells in Mr. Cuming’s Collection .............. 428 ANNULOSA. LVL Ascaris haltehoris. (s,s). oe ee 148 Tenia sulciceps . ..... ss tales 2s eo 11] LV. — Attacus edwards... ..2.s..:200 226 2e ee eee 115 LVIII. ee } Australian Coleoptera. ...i-42%'5\ iss widalg aiden ee eee ee 117 _ LX. Lepidopterous Insects belonging to the tribe Bombyces.. 197 LX: -Eyphantidium sericarum=. 0... = oe 207 LXII.: (Perga eucalyptt \o30 5225 se oe 2 ee 209 LXII. Recent Entomostraca from Nagpur.................. 231 ae \ New species of Silk-producing Moths from India ...... 237 LXVI. eS ; LXVIL } Papitio poradona and P. NOCtS.. ice" Seco 422 LXVITI. = . 5 baie Wiginke oo ake a AEDS Waals Glo eS 424 LXIX. } Papitio Cresus RADIATA. XV. Macandrewia azoricd....< 5... =en se ores ee 437 AVI: Miyhusia-callocyathes <2.) o> tree eee eteotereeie eee 437 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. January 11, 1859. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., m the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On THE GorILLA (TROGLODYTES GORILLA, Sav.) * By Pror. Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &c. Before referring to earlier indications of the truly extraordinary animal of whichan entire specimen has now been obtained,—indications scarcely more instructive or convincing to the naturalist than those afloat on the Unicorn or Succatyro,—the author proceeded briefly to recapitulate the steps which led to the determination and full know- ledge of the great anthropoid Ape of Africa called Troglodytes gorilla. The first authentic information he had received of its existence was by a letter from Dr. Savage, dated ‘Gaboon River, West Africa,’ April 24, 1847, inclosing a sketch of the cranium, and requesting that the results of Prof. Owen’s comparison might be communicated to him. ‘That letter and those results are given in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ for February 22, 1848; together with the description of three skulls, two of male and one of a female, which had been transmitted from the Gaboon to England, and which established the distinction of the species (Troglodytes gorilla) from the Chimpanzee (Troglodytes niger). : The skulls obtained by Dr. Savage, at the Gaboon, were taken by him to Boston, U. S., and were described by the Doctor and Prof. Wyman, in the ‘Journal of the Natural History Society of Boston,’ * This paper will be printed in the ‘ Transactions,’ illustrated with several plates. Tt ‘ Transactions of the Zool. Soc.’ vol. iii., p. 381, pls. 58-63. No. 384.— PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Z vol. v., 1847, and the name Troglodytes gorilla was proposed for the species, the discovery of which is due to Dr. P. 8. Savage. Translations of Dr. Wyman’s and Prof. Owen’s papers being pub- lished in the ‘Annales des Sciences Naturelles’, the attention of Continental Naturalists was strongly excited toward this unexpected addition to the Mammalian class; and the inducements held out for the collection of specimens speedily led to the acquisition of the requisite materials for completing the zoographical history of the animal which it seems now agreed to call ‘ Gorilla.” The additional materials which reached London, enabled the author to communi- cate to the Zoological Society (‘ Proceedings of the Zool. Soc.’ for Nov. 11th, 1851.)* a description of the entire skeleton of the Trog- lodytes gorilla; of which, however, owing to the number and cost of the illustrations, two parts only have yet appeared in the ‘Trans- actions of the Society ’ (vol. iv., pt. iii., p. 75, pls. 26-30 & pt. iv., p- 89, pls. 31-36.): but the main facts are recorded m the au- thor’s Catalogue of the ‘Osteological Collection in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons,’ 4to, pp. 782-804. Entire skeletons of the full-grown Troglodytes gorilla are now set up in the Museum of the College, and in the British Museum ; and Dr. Gray has finally acquired for the National Collection the stuffed specimen of a nearly adult male Gorilla. All the foregoing specimens were obtained from a part of the west coast of tropical Africa traversed by the rivers ‘ Danger’ and ‘ Ga- boon,’ in latitudes 1° to 15° S. A corresponding series of illustrations, first crania, then the skeleton, finally an entire specimen of the Troglodytes gordlla, have successively reached the Museum of the Garden of Plants, Paris, and have afforded materials for interesting and instructive memoirs from the accomplished Professors in that noble establish- ment for extending and diffusing the science of Natural History. De Blainville had caused a lithograph to be prepared of the skeleton of the Gorilla, shortly before his demise. His successor, Prof. Duvernoy, communicated a description of this skeleton to the Academy of Sciences in 1853, which is published, with some inter- esting particulars of the anatomy of the soft parts, in the ‘ Archives du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle,’ tome vii. (1855). The Memoirs and Observations by his accomplished colleague the Professor of Mammalogy and Ornithology, Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire, on the Gorilla will be found in the ‘Comptes Rendus de Académie des Sciences,’ January 19, 1852, and subsequent numbers ; in the ‘ Revue de Zoologie,’ No. II., 1853; the whole being summed up in the part of his excellent ‘Description des Mammiféres nouveaux,’ &c. 4to, which appeared in vol. x. of the ‘ Archives du Muséum, 1858.’ The differences in the results of the observations by the American, French, and English authors, relate chiefly to the interpretation of the facts observed. Dr. Wyman agrees with Prof. Owen in referring the Gorilla to the same genus as the Chimpanzee, but he differs _* See also ‘ Literary Gazette,’ Nov. 15, 1851. 3 from him in regarding the latter as being more nearly allied to the Human kind. Professors I. Geoff. St. Hilaire and Duvernoy regard the differences in the osteology, dentition, and external characters of the Gorilla to be of generic importance, and enter it in the Zoolo- gical Catalogue as Gerilla Gina, the nomen triviale being taken from ‘Weggeena;’ ‘N. Gina’ and ‘D. jina,’ as the name of the beast in the Gaboon tongue, has been diversely written by voyagers*. The French naturalists also concur with the American in placing the Gorilla below the Chimpanzee in the scale. The author returned to the discussion of those questions at the conclusion of his paper, when he also referred to the notion current in some works that the long-armed apes (Hylobates), and not the Orangs or Chimpanzees, were the most anthropoid of apes. Entering upon the description of the exterior characters of the adult male Gorilla, the stuffed skin of which is now in the British Museum, Prof. Owen first called attention to the shortness, almost absence, of the neck, due to the backward articulation of the head to the trunk and the concomitant development of the spines of the neck-vertebre ; also to the chin which, in the usual pose of the head, descends below the manubrium sterni; to the great size of the scapulze, to the elevation of the acromion, and the oblique position of the clavicles which rise from their sternal attachments obliquely to above the level of the angles of the jaw. The brain-case, low and narrow, passes in the old male in an almost straight line from the occiput to the superorbital ridge, the prominence of which gives the most forbidding feature to the physiognomy of the Gorilla. It is a feature strongly marked on the skeleton, but is exaggerated in the stuffed animal by the thick supraciliary roll of integument which forms a scowling penthouse over the small deep-set eyes. The nose is a more prominent feature than in the Chimpanzee or Orang-utan; there is a slight median rise along its upper half, answering to the feeble prominence cf the same part of the nose- bones, but the lower or alar part of the nose offers two thick pro- jections, arching, each across its own nostril, and becoming thicker as it subsides in the upper lip. There is a median longitudinal depression between these arched flaps; but their prominence brings them into view in the profile of the face. The point of median confluence of the alee projects a little beyond the fore part of the ‘septum narium.’ The resemblance to the lowest form of the negro nose is much closer in the Gorilla than in the Chimpanzee. The mouth is wide, the lips large and thick, but of uniform thickness, the upper one terminating by a straight, almost as if incised, margin ; but being relatively shorter than in the Chimpanzee. ‘The dark pigment is continued from the base of the lip to this margin, and * The main discrepancy, in regard to matter of fact, is that the arms of the Gorilla are stated by Isid. Geoffroy, to be much longer, whilst Prof. Owen found them to be relatively shorter, than those of the Chimpanzee. “ Byas de proportions presque humaines ...,........ Genre I. Troglodytes. beaucoup plus longs que chez homme ... Genre II. Gorilla.” Isid. Geoffr., p. 15. 5 no part of the red inner lining would be visible when the lips were naturally closed: a little of this lining, which forms what is com- monly understood by ‘lip’ in man, might be shown by the under lip of the Gorilla, but it is obscured by added pigment, as in most negro races. The chin is short and receding, but the whole face is promi- nent. The circumference of a front view of the head presents an oval with the great end downward and the upper end very narrow, owing to the parietal ridge, in the old male. The superorbital or cranial part is confined to the upper fourth m this view, and the bestial aspect of the visage is much increased when the huge promi- nent tusks are exposed by opening the lips. The eyelids have eye- lashes almost as in man; but the eyebrow is not defined, the hair of the head extending to the supraciliary roll, which is almost devoid of hair. In a direct front view the ears are rather above the level of the eyes: they are as much smaller in proportion to the head, as in the Chimpanzee they are larger, in comparison with man; but in structure they resemble the human auricle more than does the ear of any other ape. The tragus and anti-tragus, the helix and anti-helix, the concha, the fossa of the anti-helix and the lobulus are distinctly defined : the chief difference is the large size of the concha compared with the fossa of the anti-helix and the lobulus: but though the lobulus is small it is distinctly marked and pendulous, while it is sessile in the Chimpanzee and Orang. Both tragus and anti-tragus are nearly as prominent asin man. The helix is reflected or folded centrally from its origin to opposite the anti-tragus as im man, whereas, in the Chimpanzee the fold subsides opposite the fossa of the anti-helix, and the rest of the margin of the auricle is simple, not folded. The upper part of the helix is more produced in the Gorilla than in man, and the greatest breadth of the ear is above the concha, in which the incisura intertragica is less deep than in man. The skin of the face is naked and much wrinkled ; a pretty deep indent divides the nasal ala from the cheek, and becomes shallower as it bends upward, inward, and downward to the median indent between the alee. The hairy part of the scalp is continued to the superorbital prominence, and thence the hair-clad skin is continued outward and downward upon the sides of the deep cheeks, where the hair is long. The chest is of great proportional capacity, and the shoulders very wide across. The profile of the trunk behind describes a slight convexity from the nape, which projects beyond _ the occiput, downward to the sacrum: there is no inbending at the loins, which seem wanting. The abdomen is prominent both before and at the sides. The pectoral regions are slightly marked and show the pair of nipples placed as in the Chimpanzee and Man. In the male the penis is short and subconical, the prepuce is devoid of freenum ; the scrotum is broade® and more sessile than in man: the perinzeum is longer, the anus being placed further back than in man. ‘There is no trace of ischial callosities. The glutei are better developed and give more of the appearance of nates than in any other enthropoid ape, but they do not project so as to meet beyond the anus and conceal it. 5 The chief deviations from the human structure are seen in the limbs, which are of great power, the upper ones prodigiously strong, aes by comparison the legs, through the want of ‘calves’, look eeble. The first characteristic is the almost uniform thickness of each segment of the hmb: this is seen in the arm, from below the short deltoid prominence to the condyles, neither biceps nor triceps making any definite swelling ; a like uniform thickness is seen in the antibrachium from below the olecranon to the wrist: the leg a little increases in thickness from the knee to the ankle: the short thigh shows some decrease as it descends: but there is a general absence of those partial muscular enlargements which impart the graceful varying curves to the outlines of the limbs in man. Yet this, upon dissection, is found to depend rather on excess, than defect, of deve- lopment of the carneous as compared with the tendinous parts of the limb-muscles, which thus continue of almost the same size from their origin to their insertion, with a proportionate gain of strength to the beast. The difference in the length of the upper limbs between the Gorilla and Man is but little in comparison with the trunk ; it appears greater through the arrest of development of the lower limbs. Very significant of the closer anthropoid affinities of the Gorilla is the superior length of the arm (humerus) to the fore-arm, as compared with the proportions of those parts in the Chimpanzee. ‘The hair of the arm inclines downward, that of the fore-arm upward, as in the Chimpanzee. The thumb extends a little beyond the base of the proximal phalanx of the fore-finger ; it does not reach to the end of the metacarpal bone of that finger in the Chimpanzee or any other ape: the thumb of the Siamang (Hylobates syndactyla) is still shorter in proportion to the length of the fingers of the same hand: the philosophical zoologist will see great significance in this fact. In man the thumb extends to, or beyond, the middle of the first pha- lanx of the fore-finger. The fore-arm in the Gorilla passes into the hand with very slight . evidence, by constriction, of the wrist, the circumference of which, without the hair, was fourteen inches, that of a strong man averaging eight inches. ‘The hand is remarkable for its breadth and thickness, and for the great length of the palm, occasioned both by the length of the metacarpus and the greater extent of undivided integument between the digits than in man; these only begin to be free opposite the middle of the proximal or first phalanges in the Gorilla. The digits are thus short, and appear as if swollen and gouty ; and are conical in shape after the first joint, by tapering to nails, which, being not larger or longer than those of man, are relatively to the fingers much smaller. The circumference of the middle digit at the first joint in the Gorillais 54 inches ; in man, at the same part, it averages _ 22 inches. The skin covering the middle phalanx is thick and cal- lous on the back of the fingers, and there is little outward appear- ance of the second joint. The habit of the animal to apply those parts to the ground, in occasional progression, is manifested by these callosities. The back of the hand is hairy as far as the divisions of 6 the fingers ; the palm is naked and callous. The thumb, besides its shortness, according to the standard of the human hand, is scarcely half so thick as the fore-finger. The nail of the thumb did not ex- tend to the end of that digit ; in the fingers the nail projected a little beyond the end, but with a slightly convex worn margin, resembling the human nails in shape, but relatively less. In the hind limbs, chiefly noticeable was that first appearance in the quadrumanous series of a muscular development of the gluteus, causing a small buttock to project over each tuber ischii. This structure, with the peculiar expanse, as compared with other Qua- drumana, of the iliac bones, leads to an inference that the Gorilla must naturally and with more ease resort occasionally to station and progression on the lower limbs than any other ape. The same cause as in the arm, viz. a continuance of a large pro- portion of fleshy fibres to the lower end of the muscles, coextensive with the thigh, gives a great circumference to that segment of the limb above the knee-joint, and a more uniform size to it than in man. The relative shortness of the thigh, its bone being only eight-ninths the length of the humerus (in man the humerus averages five-sixths the length of the femur), adds to the appearance of its superior rela- tive thickness. Absolutely the thigh is not of greater circumference at its middle than is the same part in man. The chief difference in the leg, after its relative shortness, is the absence of a “calf,” due to the non-existence of the partial accumu- lation of carneous fibres in the upper half of the gastrocnemii muscles, causing that prominence in the type-races of mankind. In the Go- rilla the tendo-achillis not only continues to receive the ‘‘ penni- form” fibres to the heel, but the fleshy parts of the muscles of the foot receive accessions of fibres at the lower third of the leg, to which the greater thickness of that part is due, the proportions in this respect being the reverse of those in man. ‘The leg expands at once into the foot, which has a peculiar and characteristic form, owing to the modifications favouring bipedal motion being superinduced upon an essentially prehensile quadrumanous type. The heel makes a more decided backward projection than in the Chimpanzee ; the heel- bone is relatively thicker, deeper, more expanded vertically at its “hind end, besides being fully as long as in the Chimpanzee. This bone, so characteristic of anthropoid affinities, is shaped and propor- tioned more like the human caleaneum than in any other ape. The malleoli do not make such well-marked projections as in man; they — are marked more by the thickness of the fleshy and tendinous parts of the muscles that pass near them, on their way to be inserted into parts of the foot. Although the foot be articulated to the leg with a slight inversion of the sole, it is more nearly plantigrade than in the Chimpanzee or any other ape. The hairy integument is con- tinued along the dorsum of the foot to the clefts of the toes, and upon the first phalanx of the hallux: the whole sole is bare. The hallux (great toe, thumb of the foot), though not relatively longer than in the Chimpanzee, is stronger ; the bones are thicker in proportion to their length, especially the last phalanx, which in 7 shape and breadth much resembles that in the human foot. The hallux in its natural position diverges from the other toes at an angle of 60 deg. from the axis of the foot ; its base is large, swelling into a kind of ball below, upon which the thick callous epiderm of the sole is continued. The transverse indents and wrinkles show the frequency and freedom of the flexile movements of the two joints of the hallux: the nail is small, flat, and short. The sole of the foot gradually expands from the heel forward to the divergence of the hallux, and seems to be here cleft, and almost equally, between the base of the hallux and the common base of the other four digits. These are small and slender in proportion, and their bases are en- veloped in a common tegumentary sheath as far as the base of the second phalanx. A longitudinal mdent at the middle of the sole, bifurcating—one channel defining the ball of the hallux, the other running towards the interspace between the second and third digit— indicates the action of opposing the whole thumb (which seems rather ke an inner lobe or division of the sole), to the outer division ter- minated by the four short toes. What is termed the “instep”’ in man is very high in the Gorilla, owing to the thickness of the carneo- tendinous parts of the muscles as they pass from the leg to the foot over this region. The mid-toe (third) is a little longer than the second and fourth; the fifth, as in man, is proportionally shorter than the fourth, and is divided from it by a somewhat deeper cleft. The whole sole is wider than in man—relatively to its length much wider,—and in that respect, as well as by the offset of the hallux, and the definition of its basal ball, more like a hand, but a hand of huge dimensions and of portentous power of grasp. In regard to the outward coloration of the Gorilla, only from the examination of the living animal could the precise shades of colour of the naked parts of the skin be truly described. Much of the epiderm had peeled off the subject of the present description ; but fortunately in large patches, and the texture of these had acquired a certain firmness, apparently by the action of the alcohol upon the albuminous basis. The able taxidermist, Mr. Bartlett, has availed himself of this circumstance in the correct and satisfactory prepara- tion of the specimen now mounted for the British Museum. The parts of the epiderm remaining upon the face indicated the skin there to be chiefly of a deep leaden hue; it is everywhere finely wrinkled, and was somewhat less dark at the prominent parts of the supraciliary roll and the prominent margins of the nasal “alee :’’ the soles and palms were also of a lighter colour. Although the general colour of the hair appears, at first sight, and when moist, to be almost black, it is not so, but is rather of a dusky grey : it is decidedly of a less deep tint than in the Chimpanzee (Trogl. niger): this is due to an admixture of a few reddish, and of ~ more greyish hairs, with the dusky-coloured ones which chiefly con- stitute the “ pelage’’: and the above admixture varies at different parts of the body. The reddish hairs are so numerous on the scalp, especially along the upper middle region, as to make their tint rather predominate there ; they blend in a less degree with the long hairs 8 upon the sides of the face. The greyish hairs are found mixed with the dusky upon the dorsal, deltoidal and anterior femoral regions ; but, on the limbs, not in such proportion as to affect the impres- sion of the general dark colour, at first view. The hairs are wavy, approaching to a woolly character. Near the margin of the vent are a few short whitish hairs, as in the Chimpanzee. The epiderm of the back showed the effects of habitual restmg, with that part against the trunk or branch of a tree, occasioning the hair to be more or less rubbed off: the epiderm was here very thick and tough. It is most probable, from the degree of admixture of different coloured hairs above described, that a living Gorilla seen in bright sunlight, would in some positions reflect from its surface a colour much more different from that of the Chimpanzee than appears by a comparison of the skin of a dead specimen sent home im spirits. It can hardly be doubted, also, that age will make an appreciable differ- ence in the general coloration of the Troglodytes gorilla. The adult male Gorilla measures five feet six inches from the sole to the top of the head, the breadth across the shoulders is nearly three feet, the length of the upper limb is three feet four inches, that of the lower limb is two feet four inches ; the length of the head and trunk is three feet six inches, whilst the same dimension in man does not average three feet. In the foregoimg remarks the author had given the results of direct observations made on the first and only entire specimen of the Gorilla which had reached England. At the period when they were made, no other description of its external characters had reached him; and if the majority of them be found to agree with previously recorded observations by naturalists enjoying earlier opportunities of studying similarly preserved specimens, the rarity and importance of the species might excuse, if it did not justify, a second description from direct scrutiny of a new specimen by an old observer of the anthropoid Quadrumana. A much more important labour, however, remained. The accurate record of facts in natural history was one and a good aim; the deduction of their true consequences was a better. Pro- fessor Owen proceeded, therefore, to reconsider the conclusions from which his experienced French and American fellow-labourers in natural history differed from him, and in which it seemed he stood alone. The first—it may be called the supreme—dquestion in regard to the Gorilla was, its place in the scale of nature, and its true and precise affinities. : Is it or not the nearest of kin to human kind? Does it form, like the Chimpanzee and Orang, a distinct genus in the anthropoid or knuckle-walking group of apes? Are these apes, or are the long-armed Gibbons, more nearly related to the genus Homo? Of the broad- breast-boned quadrumana, are the knuckle-walkers or the brachiators, 2.e. the long-armed Gibbons, most nearly and essentially related to the human subject? The author proceeded to discuss the first as the. most important question. At the first aspect, whether of the entire animal or of the skeleton, 9 he freely admitted that the Gorilla strikes the observer as being a much more bestial and brutish animal than the Chimpanzee. All the features that relate to the wielding of the strong jaws and large canines are exaggerated ; the evidence of brain is less, its chamber is more masked by the outgrowth of the strong occipital and other cranial ridges. But the impression so made—that the Gorilla is less like Man—is the same which is derived from comparing a young with an adult Chimpanzee, or some small tailless monkey with a full- grown male Orang or Chimpanzee. Taking the characters that cause that impression at a first inspection of the Gorilla, most of the small South American monkeys are more anthropoid than it; they have a proportionally larger and more human-shaped cranium, much less prominent jaws, with more equable teeth. Referring to the skeletons of the adult males of the Gorilla, Chim- panzee, Orang, and Gibbon, Professor Owen remarked that the glo- bular cranium of the last, and its superior size compared with the jaws and teeth, seemed to show the Gibbons to be more nearly akin to man than are the larger tailless Apes. And this conclusion had been adopted by a distinguished French paleontologist, M. Lartet, and accepted by a high geological authority at home*. They cite the experienced Professor of Human Anatomy at Amsterdam as support- ing this view ; but Prof. Owen had failed to find any statement of the grounds upon which it was sustained. In the art. Quadrumana of Todd’s “‘ Cyclopedia of Anatomy,” cited by Lartet,+ Prof. Vrolik briefly treats of the osteology of the Quadrumana according to their natural families. In “‘a first genus, Simza proper, or ape,’’ he in- cludes the Chimpanzee or Orang, noticing some of the chief points by which these apes approach the nearest to man. He next goes to ‘‘the second genus, the Gibbons” -(fHylobates) ; he notices their ischial callosities, and the nearer approach of their molars, in their rounded form, to the teeth of Carnivora than the molars of the genus Sema. Then, comparing the Siamang with other species of Hylobates, Vrolik says, “‘its skeleton approaches most to that of man ;” which may be true in comparison with other Gibbons, but certainly is not so as respects the higher Sime. No details are given to illustrate the proposition even in its more limited appli- cation; but the minor length of the arms in the Siamang, as com- pared with Hylobates lar, was probably the character in point. The appearance of superior cerebral development in the Siamang and other long-armed apes is due to their small size and the con- comitant feeble development of their jaws and teeth. The same appearance makes the small platyrrhine Monkeys of South America equally anthropoid in their facial physiognomy, and much more human-like than are the great Orangs and Chimpanzees. It is an appearance which depends upon the precocious growth of the brain as dependent on the law of its development. In all Quadrumana the brain has reached its full size before the second set of teeth is ac- quired, almost before the first set is shed. If, however, a young * Lyell, Sir C. ‘“ Supplement to the Fifth Edition of a Manual of Elementary Geology,’ 1859, p. 15. + ‘ Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Juillet 28, 1856.” 10 Gorilla, Chimpanzee, or Orang, be compared with a young Siamang of corresponding age, the absolutely larger size and better shape of brain, the deeper and more numerous convolutions of the cerebrum, and the more completely covered cerebellum in the former, unequi- vocally demonstrate the higher organization of the shorter-armed Apes. ‘In the structure of the brain,” writes Vrolik,* in accord- ance with all other comparative anatomists, ‘they ’’ (Chimpanzee and Orang-utan) “approach the nearest to man.” The degree to which the Chimpanzee and Orang so resembled the human type seemed much closer to Cuvier, who knew those great apes only in their immaturity, with their small milk-teeth and precociously de- veloped brain. Accordingly, the anthropoid characters of the Sima satyrus and Simia troglodytes, as deduced from the facial angle and dentition, are proportionally exaggerated in the ‘ Régne Animal.” + As growth proceeds, the milk-teeth are shed, the jaws expand, the great canines succeed their diminutive representatives, the temporal muscles gain a proportional increase of carneous fibres, their bony fulcra respond to the call for increased surface of attachment, the sagittal and occipital crests begin to rise: but the brain grows no more; its cranial box retains the size it showed in immaturity; it finally becomes masked by the superinduced osseous developments in those apes which attain the largest stature and wield the most formidably armed jaws. Yet under this show of physical force, the brain of both Orang and Chimpanzee is still the better and the larger, than is that of the little long-armed ape, which retains throughout life so much more of the characters of immaturity, especially in the structure of the skull. The Siamang and other Gibbons have smaller, lower but longer upper canines, relatively, than in the Orangs and Chimpanzees; the permanent ones more quickly attain their full size, and are sooner in their place in the jaws ; consequently the last molar teeth, m 3, come last into place as they do in the human species. But, if this be interpreted as'of importance in determining the relative affinity of the longer-armed and shorter-armed apes to man, it is a character in which, as in their seeming superior cerebral development, the Hylo- bates agree with some much lower Quadrumana with still smaller canines. The systematic zoologist, pursuing this most interesting compa- rison with clear knowledge of the true conditions and significance of a globular cranium and small jaws within the quadrumanous order, first determines and takes as his compass or guide-point the really distinctive characters of the human organization. | In respect to the cerebral test, he looks not so much for the rela- tive size of the brain to the body, as for its relative size in the species compared one with another in the same natural group. He inquires what quadrumanous animal shows absolutely the biggest brain ? what species shows the deepest and most numerous and winding convolu- tions? in which is the cerebrum largest, as compared with the cere- bellum? If he finds all these characters highest in the Gorilla, he * Art. Quadrumana, “ Cyclopedia of Anatomy,” vol. iv. p. 195. t+ Ed. 1829, pp. 87, 89. Lal does not permit himself to be diverted from the just inference because the great size aud surpassing physical power attained in that species mask the true data from obvious view. The comparative anatomist would look to the ceecum and the ischial integument: if he found in one subject of his comparisons (Troglodytes) a long ‘‘ appendix vermiformis czeci,”’ as in man, but no ‘ callosities,”’—in another subject (Hylobates) the ischial callosi- ties, but only a short rudiment of the ceecal appendix,—he would know which of the two tailless Apes were to be placed next “the Monkeys with ischial callosities and no vermiform appendix,” and which of the two formed the closer lnk toward man. He would find that the anthropoid intestmal and dermal characters were asso- ciated with the-absolutely larger and better developed brain in the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and Orang; whilst the lower quadrumanous characters exhibited by the ceecum and nates were exhibited by the smaller-brained and longer-armed but rounder-skulled and shorter- jawed Gibbons. Pursuing the comparison through the complexities of the bony framework, he might first glance at the more obvious proportions ; and such, indeed, as would be given by the entire animal. The characteristics of the limbs in Man are their near equality of length, but the lower limbs are the longest. The arms in Man reach to below the middle of the thigh; in the Gorilla they nearly attain the knee; in the Chimpanzee they reach below the knee; in the Orang they reach the ankle; in the Siamang they reach the sole; in most Gibbons the whole palm can be applied to the ground without the trunk beg bent forward beyond its naturally inclined position on the legs. These gradational differences coincide with other characters determining the relative proximity to Man of the apes compared. In no Quadrumana does the humerus exceed the ulna so much in length as in Man; only in the most anthropoid, viz. the Gorilla and Chimpanzee, does it exceed the ulna at all in length ; in the rest, as in the lower quadrupeds, the fore-arm is longer than the arm. The humerus, in the Gorilla, though less long, compared with the ulna, than in Man, is longer than in the Chimpanzee ; in the Orang it is shorter than the ulna; in the Siamang and other Gibbons it is much shorter, the peculiar length of arm in those ‘‘long-armed”’ apes is chiefly due to the excessive length of the antibrachial bones. The difference in the length of the upper limbs, as compared with the trunk, is but little between Man and the Gorilla. ‘The elbow- joint in the Gorilla, as the arm hangs down, is opposite the “ labrum ili,” the wrist opposite the “tuber ischii;’’ it is rather lower down in the Chimpanzee; it is opposite the knee- joint in the Orang ; it is ‘opposite the ankle-joint in the Siamang. / Man’s perfect hand is one of his peculiar physical characters ; that perfection is mainly due to the extreme differentiation of the first from the other four digits, and its concomitant power of oppo- sing them as a perfect thumb. An opposable thumb is present in the hand of most Quadrumana, but is usually a small appendage com- 12 pared with that of Man. It is relatively largest in the Gorilla. In this ape the thumb reaches to a little beyond the base of the first phalanx of the fore-finger ; it does not reach to the end of the meta- carpal bone of the fore-finger in the Chimpanzee, Orang, or Gibbon ; it is relatively smallest in the last tailless ape. In Man the thumb extends to or beyond the middle of the first phalanx of the fore- finger. The philosophical zoologist will see great significance in the results of this comparison. Only in the Gorilla and Chimpanzee are the carpal bones eight in number, as in man; in the Orangs and Gibbons they are nine in number, as in the tailed monkeys. The scapulee are broader in the Gorilla than in the Chimpanzee, Orang, or long-armed apes; they come nearer to the proportions of that bone in Man. But a more decisive resemblance to the human structure is presented by the iliac bones. In no other ape than the Gorilla do they bend forward, so as to produce a pelvic concavity ; nor are they so broad in proportion to their length in any ape as in the Gorilla. In both the Chimpanzee and Orang the iliac bones are flat, or present a concavity rather at the back than at the fore part. In the Siamang they are not only flat, but are narrower and longer, resembling the iliac bones of tailed monkeys and ordinary quadrupeds. The lower limbs, though characteristically short in the Gorilla, are longer in proportion to the upper limbs, and also to the entire trunk, than in the Chimpanzee ; they are much longer in both pro- portions and more robust than in the Orangs or Gibbons. But the guiding points of comparisons here are the heel and the hallux. The heel in the Gorilla makes a more decided backward projection than in the Chimpanzee; the heelbone is relatively thicker, deeper, more expanded vertically at its hind end, beside being fully as long as in the Chimpanzee: it is in the Gorilla shaped and proportioned more like the human caleaneum than in any other ape. Among all the tailless apes the caleaneum in the Siamang and other Gibbons least resembles in its shape or proportional size that of Man. Although the foot be articulated to the leg with a slight inversion of the sole it is more nearly plantigrade in the Gorilla than in the Chimpanzee. The Orang departs far, and the Gibbons farther, from the human type in the mverted position of the foot. The great toe which forms the fulerum in standing or walking is, perhaps, the most characteristic peculiarity in the human structure ; it is that modification which differentiates the foot from the hand, and gives the character to the order Bimana. In the degree of its approach to this development of the hallux the quadrumanous animal makes a true step in affinity to Man. The Orang-utan and the Siamang, tried by this test; descend far and abruptly below the Chimpanzee and Gorilla in the scale. In the Orang the hallux does not reach to the end of the metacarpal of the second toe ; in the Chimpanzee and Gorilla it reaches to the end of the first phalanx of the second toe; but in the Gorilla the hallux is thicker and stronger than in the Chimpanzee. In both, however, it is a true thumb, by position, diverging from the other toes, in the Gorilla, at an angle of 60° from the axis of the foot. 13 Man has twelve pairs of ribs, the Gorilla and Chimpanzee have thirteen pairs, the Orangs have twelve pairs, the Gibbons have thir- teen pairs. Were the naturalist to trust to this single character, as some have trusted to the cranio-facial one, and in equal ignorance of the real condition and value of both, he might think that the Orangs (Pithecus) were nearer akin to man than the Chimpanzees (Troglodytes) are. But man has sometimes a thirteenth pair of ribs; and what we term “ribs”? are but vertebral elements or appendages common to nearly all the true vertebre in man, and only so called, when they become long and free. The genera Homo, Troglodytes, and Pithecus, have precisely the same number of ver- tebree ; if Troglodytes, by the development and mobility of the pleur- apophyses of the twentieth vertebra from the occiput, seem to have an additional thoracic vertebra, it has one vertebra less in the lumbar region. So, if there be, as has been observed, a difference in the number of sacral vertebrze, it is merely due to a last lumbar having coalesced with what we reckon as the first sacral vertebra in Man. The thirteen pairs of ribs, therefore, in the Gorilla and Chimpan- zee, are of no weight, as against the really important characters sig- nificative of affinity with the human type. But, supposing the fact of any real value, how do the advocates of the superior resemblance of the Siamang’s or Gibbon’s skeleton to that of man dispose of the thirteenth pair of ribs? In applying the characters of the skull to the determination of the important question at issue, those must first be ascertained by which the genus Homo trenchantly differs from the genus Simia, of Lin- nus. To determine these osteal distinctions, the author stated that he had compared the skulls of many individuals of different varieties of the human race together with those of the male, female, and young of species of Troglodytes, Pithecus, and Hylobates ; Professor Owen referred to his ‘Catalogue of the Osteological Series in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons,’ 4to, 1853, for the detailed results of these comparisons. On the present occasion he would restrict himself to a few of these results. The first and most obvious differential character is the globular form of the brain-case, and its superior relative size to the face, especially the jaws, in man. But this, for the reasons he had already assigned, is not an instructive or decisive character, when comparing quadrumanous species, in reference to the question at issue. It is exaggerated in the human child, owing to the acquisition of its full, or nearly full size, by the brain, before the jaws have expanded to lodge the second set of teeth. It is an anthropoid character in which the Quadrumana resemble man, in proportion to the dimi- nution of their general bulk. If a Gorilla, with milk-teeth, have a somewhat larger brain and brain-case than a Chimpanzee at the same immature age, the acquisition of greater bulk by the Gorilla, and ofa more formidable physical development of the skull, in reference to the great canines in the male, will give to the Chimpanzee the appearance of amore anthropoid character, which really does not belong to it,— which could be as little depended upon in a question of precise affi- 14 nity as the like more anthropoid characters of the female, as com- pared with the male, Gorilla or Chimpanzee. me Much more important and significant were the following cha- racters of the human skull :—the position and plane of the occipital foramen ; the proportional size of the condyloid and petrous pro-— cesses; the mastoid processes, which relate to balancing the head upon the trunk in the erect attitude; the small premaxillaries and concomitant small size of the incisor teeth, as compared with the molar teeth. The latter character relates to the superiority of the psychical over the physical powers in man: it governs the feature in which man recedes from the brute; as does also the prominence of the nasal bones in most, and in all the typical, races of man. The somewhat angular form of the bony orbits, tendmg to a square, with the corners rounded off, is a good human character of the skull, which is difficult to comprehend as an adaptive one, and therefore the better in the present inquiry. The same may be said of the production of the floor of the tympanic or auditory tube into the plate called “vaginal.” Believing the foregoing to be sufficient to test the respective degrees of affinity to man within the limited group of Quadrumana to which it was proposed, in the present memoir, to apply them, the author would not dilute his argument by citing minor characters. The question at issue was the respective degrees of affinity as be- tween the anthropoid apes and man. Cuvier deemed the Orang (Pithecus) to be nearer akin to man than the Chimpanzee (Troglo- dytes) is. That belief has long ceased to be entertained. Professor Owen proceeded, therefore, to compare the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, and Gibbon, in reference to their human affinities. Most naturalists entering upon this question would first look to the premaxillary bones, or, owing to the early confluence of those bones with the maxillaries in the Gorilla and Chimpanzee, to the part of the upper jaw containing the incisive teeth, on the size and direction of which depends the prognathic or brutish character of a skull. Now the extent of the premaxillaries below the nostril is not only relatively but absolutely less in the Gorilla, and consequently the profile of the skull is less convex at this part, or less ‘‘ progna- thic’’? than in the Chimpanzee. Notwithstanding the degree in which the skull of the Gorilla surpasses in size that of the Chimpan- zee, especially when the two are compared on a front view, the breadth of the premaxillaries and of the four incisive teeth is the same in both. In the relative degree, therefore, in which these bones are smaller than in the Chimpanzee, the Gorilla, in this most im- - portant. character, comes nearer to Man. In the Gibbons the inci- sors are relatively smaller than in the Gorilla, but the premaxillaries bear the same proportional size in the adult male Siamang. Next, as regards the nasal bones. In the Chimpanzee, as in the Orangs and Gibbons, they are as flat to the face as in any of the lower Sime. In the Gorilla, the median coalesced margins of the upper half of the nasal bones are produced forward, in a slight degree it is true, but affording a most significant evidence of nearer 15 resemblance to Man. In the same degree they impress that anthropic feature upon the face of the living Gorilla. In some pig-faced baboons there are ridges and prominences in the naso-facial part of the skull, but they do not really affect the question as between the Gorilla and Chimpanzee. All naturalists know that the Semno- pitheques of Borneo have long noses, but the proboscidiform append- age which gives so ludicrous a mask to those monkeys is unaccom- panied by any such modification of the nose-bones as gives the true anthropoid character to the human skull, and to which only the Go- rilla, in the ape tribe, makes any approximation. No Orang, Chimpanzee, or Gibbon shows any rudiment of mas- toid processes; but they are present in the Gorilla, smaller indeed than in Man, but unmistakeable; they are, as in Man, cellular, pneumatic, and with a thin outer plate of bone. This fact led the author, in a former memoir, to express, when, in respect to the Go- rilla, only the skull had reached him, the following inference, viz. : ‘from the nearer approach which the Gorilla makes to Man in com- parison with the Chimpanzee or Orang, in regard to the mastoid processes, that it assumed more nearly and more habitually the upright attitude than those inferior anthropoid apes do.’’* This inference has been fully borne out by the rest of the skeleton of the Gorilla, subsequently acquired. In the Chimpanzee, as in the Orangs, Gibbons, and inferior Simie, the lower surface of the long tympanic or auditory process is more or less flat and smooth, developing in the Chimpanzee only a slight tubercle, anterior to the stylohyal pit. In the Gorilla the auditory process is more or less convex below, and developes a ridge, answering to the vaginal process, on the outer side of the carotid canal. The processes posterior and internal to the glenoid articular surface are better developed, especially the imternal one, in the Gorilla than in the Chimpanzee ; the ridge which extends from the ectopterygoid along the inner border of the foramen ovale, terminates in the Gorilla by an angle or process answering to that called ‘‘ sty- liform ”’ or “spinous”? in Man, but of which there is no trace in the Chimpanzee, Orang, or Gibbon. The orbits have a full oval form in the Orang; they are almost circular in the Chimpanzee and Siamang, more nearly circular, and with a more prominent rim in the smaller Gibbons ; in the Gorilla alone do they present the form which used to be deemed peculiar to man. ‘There is not much physiological significance in some of the latter characters, but on that very account, the author deemed them more instructive and guiding in the actual comparison. The occi- pital foramen is nearer the back part of the cranium, and its plane is more sloping, less horizontal in the Siamang than in the Chim- panzee and Gorilla. Considering the less relative prominence of the fore-part of the jaws in the Siamang, as compared with the Chim- panzee, the occipital character of that Gibbon and of other species of Hylobates marks well their inferior position in the quadrumanous scale. * Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. iii. p. 409. ig In the greater relative size of the molars, compared with the inci- sors, the Gorilla makes an important closer step towards Man than does the Chimpanzee. The molar teeth are relatively so small in the Siamang, that, notwithstanding the small size of the incisors, the proportion of those teeth to the molars is only the same as in the Gorilla: in other Gibbons (Hylobates lar), the four lower incisors occupy an extent equal to that of the first four molars, in the Chim- panzee equal to that of the first three molars, in the Siamang equal -to that of the first two molars and rather more than half of the third, in Man equal to the first two molars and half of the third: in this comparison the term molar is extended to the bicuspids. The proportion of the ascending ramus to the length of the lower jaw tests the relative affinity of the tailless apes to Man. In a profile of the lower jaw, the author compares the line drawn vertically from the top of the coronoid process to the horizontal length along the alveoli. In Man and the Gorilla it is about ;4ths, in the Chimpanzee ;5,ths, in the Siamang it is only ths. The Siamang further differs in the shape and production of the angle of. the jaw, and in the shape of the coronoid process, approaching the lower Sime in both these characters. In the size of the post-glenoid process, in the shape of the glenoid cavity which is almost flat, in the propor- tional size of the petrous bone, and in the position of the foramen caroticum, the Siamang departs further from the human type, and approaches nearer that of the tailed Sime, than the Gorilla does, and in a marked degree. Every legitimate deduction from a comparison of cranial charac- ters makes the tailless Quadrumana recede from the human type m the following order :—Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangs, Gibbons, and the last named in a greater and more decided degree. These comparisons have of late been invested with additional interest from the discoveries of remains of quadrumanous species in different members of the tertiary formations. The first quadrumanous fossil, the discovery of which by Lieuts. Baker and Durand is recorded in the ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ for November, 1836, has proved to belong, like subsequently discovered quadrumanous fossils in the Sewalik (pro- bably miocene) tertiaries, to the Indian genus Semnopithecus. The quadrumanous fossils discovered in 1839, in the eocene deposits of Suffolk, belong to a genus (Hopithecus) having its nearest affinities with Macacus. The monkey’s molar tooth from the pliocene beds of Essex is most closely allied to the Macacus sinicus. The remains of the large monkey, four feet in height, discovered in 1839 by Dr. Lund in a limestone cavern in Brazil was shown by its molar dentition ( p —, m =) to belong to the platyrrhine family now peculiar to South America. The lower jaw and teeth of the small quadrumane discovered by M. Lartet in a miocene bed of the South of France, and described by him and De Blainville, are so closely allied to the Gibbons, as scarcely to justify the generic separation which has been made for it under the name Pliopithecus. — = | ‘eo fi 17 Finally, a portion of a lower jaw with teeth and the shaft of a humerus of a quadrumanous animal (Dryopithecus), equalling the size of those bones in Man, have been discovered by M. Fontan, of Saint- Gaudens, in a marly bed of Upper Miocene age, forming the base of the plateau on which that town is built. The molar teeth present the type of grinding surface of those of the Gibbons ( Hylobdates), and, as in that genus, the second true molar is larger than the first, not of equal size, as in the human subject and Chimpanzee. The premolars have a greater antero-posterior extent, relatively, than in the Chimpanzee, and in this respect agree more with those in the Siamang. The first premolar has the outer cusp raised to double the height of that of the second; its imner lobe appears from M. Lartet’s figure to be less developed than in the Gorilla, certainly less than in the Chimpanzee. The posterior talon of the second premolar is more developed, and consequently the fore and aft extent of the tooth is greater than in the Chimpanzee; thereby the second premolar of Dryopithecus more resembles that in Hylobdates, and departs further from the human type. The canine, judging from the figures published by M. Lartet*, seems to be less developed than in the male Chimpanzee, Gorilla, or Orang ; in which character the fossil, if it belonged to a male, makes a nearer approach to the human type: but it is one which many of the inferior monkeys also exhibit, and is by no means to be trusted as significant of true affinity, supposing even the sex of the fossil to be known as being male. The shaft of the humerus, found with the jaw, is peculiarly rounded, as it is in the Gibbons and Sloths, and offers none of those angularities and ridges which make the same bone in the Chimpanzee and Orang come so much nearer in shape to the humerus of the human subject. The fore part of the jaw, as in the Siamang, is more nearly vertical than i the Gorilla or Chimpanzee; but whether the back part of the jaw may not have departed in a greater degree from the human type than the fore part approaches it, as is the case in the Siamang, the state of the fossil does not allow of determining. One significant character is, however, present,—the shape of the fore part of the coronoid process. It is slightly convex forwards, which causes the angle it forms with the alveolar border to be less open. The same character is present in the Gibbons. The front margin of the lower half of the coronoid process in Man is concave, as it is likewise in the Gorilla and Chimpanzee. Prof. Owen was acquainted with this interesting fossil, referred to a genus called Dryopithecus, only by the figures published in the 43rd volume of the ‘ Comptes Rendus de |’ Académie des Sciences.’ From these it appears that the canine, two premolars, and first and second true molars, are in place ; the socket of the third molar is empty, but widely open above ; from which the.author concludes that the third molar had also cut the gum, the crown being completed, but not thefangs. If the last molar had existed as a mere germ, it would more probably have been preserved in the substance of the jaw. * ‘Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences.’ Paris, vol. xliil. No. 385.—PrRocrEeDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 18 In a young Siamang, with the points of the permanent canines just protruding from the socket, exhibited by Prof. Owen, the crown of the last molar was complete, and on a level with the base of that of the penultimate molar; whence he inferred that the last molar would have cut the gum as soon as, if not before, the crown of the canine had been completely extricated. This dental character, the confor- mation and relative size of the grinding teeth, especially the fore and aft extent of the premolars, all idicate the close affinity of the Dryopithecus with the Pliopithecus and existing Gibbons ; and this, the sole legitimate deduction from the maxillary and dental fossils, is corrcborated by the fossil humerus, fig. 9, in the above-cited plate. There is no law of correlation, by which, from the portion of jaw with teeth of the Dryopithecus, can be deduced the shape of the nasal bones and orbits, the position and plane of the occipital fora- men, the presence of mastoid and vaginal processes, or other cranial characters determinative of affinity to Man; much less any ground for inferring the proportions of the upper to the lower limbs, of the humerus to the ulna, of the pollex to the manus, or the shape and development of the iliac bones. All those characters which do de- termine the closer resemblance and affinity of the genus Troglodytes to man, and of the genus Hylobates to the tailed monkeys, are at present unknown in respect of the Dryopithecus. A glance at fig. 5 (Gorilla), and fig. 7 (Dryopithecus), of the plate of M. Lartet’s memoir, would suffice to teach their difference of bulk, the Gorilla beimg fully one-third larger. The statement that the parts of the skeleton of the Dryopithecus as yet known, viz. the two branches of the lower jaw and the humerus, “are sufficient to show that in anatomical structure, as well as stature, it came nearer to man than any quadrumanous species, living or fossil, before known to zoolo- gists *,’”’ is without the support of any adequate fact, and in contra- vention of most of those to be deduced from M. Lartet’s figures of the fossils. Those parts of the Dryopithecus merely show—and the humerus in a striking manner—its nearer approach to the Gibbons ; the most probable conjecture being that it bore to them, in regard to size, the like relations which Dr. Lund’s Protopithecus bore to the existing Mycetes. Whether, therefore, strata of such high antiquity as the miocene may reveal to us ‘‘forms in any degree intermediate between the Chimpanzee and man” awaits an answer from discoveries yet to be made ; and the anticipation that the fossil world ‘may hereafter supply new osteological links between man and the highest known Quadrumanay’” must be kept in abeyance until that world has furnished us with the proofs that a species did formerly exist which came as near to man as does the Orang, the Chimpanzee, or the Gorilla. Of the nature and habits of the last-named species, which really offers the nearest approach to man of any known ape, recent or fossil, the author had received many statements from individuals resident at or visitors to the Gaboon, from which he selected the following as most probable, or least questionable. * Lyell (Sir Charles), ‘Supplement to the Fifth Edition of Manual of Ele- mentary Geology,’ 8vo, 1859, p. 14. T Ibid. 19 Gorilla-land.is a richly-wooded extent of the western part of Africa, traversed by the rivers Danger and Gaboon, and extending from the equator to the 10th or 15th degree of south latitude. The part where the Gorilla has been most frequently met with presents a succession of hill and dale, the heights crowned with lofty trees, the valleys covered by coarse grass, with partial scrub or scattered shrubs. Fruit trees of various kinds abound both on the hills and in the valleys; some that are crude and uncared for by the Negros are sought out and greedily eaten by the Gorillas; and as different kinds come to maturity at different seasons, they afford the great denizen of the woods a successive and unfailing supply of indigenous fruits. Of these Professor Owen specified the followimg sources :— The palm-nut (Hlais guiniensis) of which the Gorillas greatly affect the fruit and upper part of the stipe, called the ‘cabbage.’ The Negros of the Gaboon have a tradition that their forefathers first learnt to eat the ‘“‘ cabbage,” from seeing the Gorilla eat it, concluding that what was good for him must be good for man. The “ ginger-bread tree’ (Parinarcum excelsum), which bears a plum-like fruit. The papau tree (Carica papaya). The banana (Musa sapientium), and another species (Musa para- disiaca). The Amomum afzelu and Am. grandifiorum. A tree, with a shelled fruit, like a walnut, which the Gorilla breaks open with the blow of a stone. A tree, also botanically unknown, with a fruit like a cherry. Such fruits and other rich and nutritious productions of the vege- table kingdom, constitute the staple food of the Gorilla, as they do of the Chimpanzee. The molar teeth, which alone truly indicate the diet of an animal, accord with the statements as to the frugi- vorous character of the Gorilla: but they also sufficiently answer to an omnivorous habit to suggest that the eggs and callow brood of nests discovered in the trees frequented by the Gorilla might not be unacceptable. The Gorilla makes a sleeping place like a hammock, connecting the branches of a sheltered and thickly-leaved part of a tree by means of the long tough slender stems of parasitic plants, and lining it with the broad dried fronds of palms, or with long grass. This hammock- like abode may be seen at different heights, from 10 to 40 feet from the ground, but there is never more than one such nest in a tree. They avoid the abodes of man, but are most commonly seen in the months of September, October, and November, after the negroes have gathered their outlying rice-crops, and have returned from the “bush” to the village. So observed, they are described to be usually in pairs; or, if more, the addition consists of a few young ones, of different ages, and apparently of one family. The Gorilla is not gregarious. The parents may be seen sitting on a branch, resting the back against the tree-trunk—the hair being generally rubbed off the back of the old Gorilla from that habit—perhaps 20 munching fruit, whilst the young Gorillas are at play, leapmg and swinging from branch to branch, with hoots or harsh cries of bois- terous mirth. If the old male be seen alone, or when in quest of food, he is usually armed with a stout stick, which the negroes aver to be the weapon with which he attacks his chief enemy the elephant. Not that the elephant directly or intentionally injures the Gorilla, but, deriving its subsistence from the same source, the ape regards the great proboscidian as a hostile intruder. When, therefore, he dis- cerns the elephant pulling down and wrenching off the branches of a favourite tree, the Gorilla, stealmg along the bough, strikes the sensitive proboscis of the elephant with a violent blow of his club, and drives off the startled giant trumpeting shrilly with rage and pain. In passing from one detached tree to another, the Gorilla is said to walk semi-erect, with the aid of his club, but with a waddling awkward gait; when without a stick, he has been seen to walk as a biped, with his hands clasped across the back of his head, instinct- ively so counterpoising its forward projection. If the Gorilla be surprised and approached while on the ground, he drops his stick, betakes himself to all-fours, applyimmg the back part of the bent knuckles of his fore-hands to the ground, and makes his way rapidly, with an oblique swinging kind of gallop, to the nearest tree. There he awaits his pursuer, especially if his family be near, and requiring his defence. No negro willingly approaches the tree in which the male Gorilla keeps guard. Even with a gun the experienced negro does not make the attack, but reserves his fire in self-defence. The enmity of the Gorilla to the whole negro race, male and female, is uniformly attested. The young men of the Gaboon tribe make armed excursions into the forests, in quest of ivory. The enemy they most dread on these occasions is the Gorilla. If they have come unawares too near him with his family, he does not, like the lion, sulkily retreat, but comes rapidly to the attack, swinging down to the lower branches, and clutching at the nearest foe. The hideous aspect of the animal, with his green eyes flashing with rage, is heightened by the skin over the prominent roof of the orbits being drawn rapidly backward and forward, with the hair erected, causing a horrible and fiendish scowl. If fired at and not mortally hit, the Gorilla closes at once upon his assailant, and inflicts most dangerous, if not deadly wounds, with his sharp and powerful tusks. The commander of a Bristol trader told the author he had seen a negro at the Gaboon frightfully mutilated by the bite of the Gorilla, from which he had recovered. Another negro exhibited to the same voyager a gun- barrel bent and partly flattened by the bite of a wounded Gorilla, in its death-struggle. Negroes, when stealing through the gloomy shades of the tropical forest, become sometimes aware of the proxi- mity of one of these frightfully formidable apes by the sudden dis- appearance of one of their companions, who is hoisted up into the tree, uttering, perhaps, a short choking cry. In a few minutes he 21 falls to the ground a strangled corpse. The Gorilla, watching his opportunity, has let down his huge hind-hand, seized the passing negro by the neck, with vice-like grip, has drawn him up to higher branches, and dropped him when his struggles had ceased. The strength of the Gorilla is such as to make him a match for a lion, whose tusks his own almost rival. Over the leopard, invading the lower branches of.the Gorilla’s dwelling-tree, he will gain an easier victory; and the huge canines, with which only the male Gorilla is furnished, doubtless have been assigned to him for defend- ing his mate and offspring. The skeleton of the old male Gorilla obtained for the British Museum in 1857, shows an extensive fracture, badly united, of the left arm-bone, which has been shortened, and gives evidence of long suffering from abscess and partial exfoliation of bone. The upper canines have been wrenched out or shed some time before death, for their sockets have become absorbed. The redeeming quality in this fragmentary history of the Gorilla is the male’s care of his family, and the female’s devotion to her young. It is reported that a French natural-history collector, accompanying a party of the Gaboon negroes into the Gorilla woods, surprised a female with two young ones on a large boabdad (Adansonia), which stood some distance from the nearest clump. She descended the tree with her youngest clinging to her neck, and made off rapidly on all fours to the forest, and escaped. The deserted young one on seeing the approach of the men began to utter piercing cries: the mother, having disposed of her infant in safety, returned to rescue the older offspring, but before she could descend with it her retreat was cut off. Seeing one of the negroes level his musket at her, she, clasping her young with one arm, waved the other, as if deprecating the shot : the ball passed through her heart, and she fell with her young one clinging to her. It was a male, and survived the-voyage to Havre, where it died on arriving. Professor Owen had examined the skeleton of this young Gorilla in the museum of natural history at Caen, and was indebted to Professor Deslongchamps, Dean of the Faculty of Sciences in that town, for drawings of the skeleton of this rare spe- cimen. There might be more difficulty in obtaining a young Gorilla for exhibition than a young Chimpanzee ; but as no full-grown Chimpan- ‘zee has ever been captured, we cannot expect the larger and much more powerful adult Gorilla to be ever taken alive. A bold negro, the leader of an elephant-hunting expedition, being offered a hundred dollars if he would bring back a live Gorilla, replied, «Tf you gave me the weight of yonder hill in gold coins, [ could not doit!” - All the terms of the aborigines in reference to the Gorilla imply their opinion of his close kinship to themselves. But they have a low opinion of his intelligence. They say that during the rainy season he builds a house without a roof. The natives on their hunt- ing excursions light fires for their comfort and protection by night ; when they have gone away, they affirm that the Gorilla will come 22 down and warm himself at the smouldering embers, but has not wit enough to throw on more wood, out of the surrounding abundance, to keep the fire burning,—‘*‘the stupid old man!” Every account of the habits of a wild animal obtained at second hand from the reports of aborigines has, commonly, its proportion of “apocrypha.’’ The author had restricted himself to the statements that had most probability and were in accordance with the ascertamed structures and powers of the animal, and would only add the averment and belief of the Gaboon negroes, that when a Gorilla dies, his fellows cover the corpse with a heap of leaves and loose earth collected and scraped up for the purpose. A most singular phenomenon in natural history, if one reflects on the relations of things, is this Gorilla! Limited as it is in its numbers and geographical range, one discerns that the very peculiar conditions of its existence—abundance of wild fruit—needs must be restricted in space ; but concurring in a certain part of Africa, there lives the creature to enjoy them. The like conditions exist in Borneo and Sumatra, and there also a correlative human-like ape, of similar nature, tooth-armour, and force, exists at their expense. Neither Ourangs nor Gorillas however minister to man’s use either directly or indirectly. Were they to become extinct, no sign of the change or break in the links of life would remain, What may be their real significance ? Reverting finally to the ancient notices which might relate to the great anthropoid ape of Africa, Prof. Owen referred to his first Memoir, of February, 1848, in which was quoted (Trans. Zool. Soc., vol. ii. p.418) Dr. Falconer’s ‘ Translation of the Voyage of Hanno,’ (London, 1797) with his dissertation vindicating the authenticity of the “ Periplus.”’ Professor Owen had lately been favoured by the venerable Bishop Maltby, the first amongst our Greek scholars, with the following translation of the passage supposed to allude to the species in question :—‘‘ On the third day, having sailed from thence, passing the streams of fire, we came to a bay called the Horn of the South. In the recess there was an island like the first, having a lake, and in this there was another island full of wild men. But much the greater part of them were women, with hairy bodies, whom the interpreters called ‘Gorillas.’ But, pursuing them, we were not able to take the men; they all escaped, being able to climb the precipices, and defended themselves with pieces of rock. But three women (females), who bit and scratched those who led them, were not willing to follow, However, haying killed them, we flayed them, and conveyed the skins to Carthage ; for we did not sail any further, as provisions began to fail.’’ This encounter indicates, therefore, the southernmost point on the west coast of Africa reached by the Carthaginian navigator. : ‘To the inquiry by Bishop Maltby, how far the newly-discovered great ape of Africa bore upon the question of the authenticity of the Periplus, Prof. Owen had replied :—‘‘ The size and form of the great ape, now called ‘Gorilla,’ would suggest to Hanno and his crew no other idea of its nature than that of a kind of human being; but ee ee ae ia Wok Shy am. WT Tin PTOG.- vi : S t Malhusca XLM ; IX rejecta, Hr. 2H entodonta, Br 3. pasioglossa, A. 4.H brevibarbis, Air. E J.Achatma layardi iz 6. Helix patasensis,Af 7 H. monacha,Z 8.1 cilosa, Air: 3 DASA Haina” . “2 ae oO Malineras aia Proc ZS - Molsca ALI r - AL J 1 + teh } he [a tl “ast Th yy | ‘ 2 3 f i - = = ‘ é * 3 } iia fk , 5 i ‘ . = | nae AOA A WWest mp. t &.B Sowerby. Lith wis : ; > sea ae Dr AFA atr ie fie Lovanstoma irasen. Hr. 2 Helix aphrodite A. 3 Haarrst. 147. 4 patricia. 2 : lis ; p rE oye Aare ‘ Nr Lele ore Gab aul aanaie| 5H jaspidea. Ar 6. H.vipera Me 7 Cyclostoma principa 23 the climbing faculty, the hairy body, and skinning of the dead speci- mens, strongly suggest that they were large anthropoid apes. The fact that such apes, having the closest observed resemblance to the negro, being of human stature and with hairy bodies, do still exist on the west coast of Africa, renders it highly probable that such were the creatures which Hanno saw, captured, and called ‘ Gorullai.’ ”’ The brief observation made by Battell in west tropical Africa, 1590, recorded in Purchas’s “ Pilgrimages, or Relations of the World,” 1748, of the nature and habits of the large human-like ape which he calls “ Pongo,’’ more decidedly refers to the Gorilla. Other notices, as by Nieremberg and Bosman, applied by Buffon to Battell’s Pongo, were deemed valueless by Cuvier, who altogether rejected the conclusions of his great predecessor as to the existence of any such ape. ‘This name of Pongo or Boggo, given in Africa to the Chimpanzee or to the Mandril, has been applied,” writes Cuvier, “by Buffon to a pretended great species of Ourang-utan, which was nothing more than the imaginary product of his combinations.” After the publication of Cuvier’s ‘ Régne Animal,’ the supposed Species was, by the high authority of its author, banished from natural history ; ; it has only been authentically reintroduced since the intelligent attention of Dr. Savage was directed to the skull which he first saw at the Gaboon in 1847, and took proteesur Owen’s opinion upon. : 7 Fw J 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWENTY-SEVEN New Species or Lanp- SHELLS, FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cumine, Ese. By Dr. Louis PFEIFFER. (Mollusca, Pl. XLIII.-XLIV.) 1. Hexurx patricia, Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 4.) 7. imperforata’ subdepressa, solida, carinata, superne oblique striata et irre” gulariter malleato-impressa, alba ; spira convexa, apice obtusa ; sutura linearis; anfr. 45 regulariter acerescentes, convexius- culi, ultimus superne convextor, antice deflexus, infra carinam prominentem, acutam, antice funiformem minus convexus, liris spiralibus et plicis radiantibus sculptus ; apertura diagonalis, rotundato-rhombea; perist. album, nitidum, expansum et bre- viter reflecum, marginibus callo albo junctis, columellari in- trante, declivi, dilatato planiusculo. Diam. maj. 63, min. 55, alt. 35 mill. Hab. Unknown. 2. Hecix rarrisi, Pfr. (Pl. LXIV. fig. 3.) 7. imperforata, ovato-depressa, tenuiuscula, spiraliter striata et foveolis im- pressis reticulata, fulva, fascus 4 mgricantibus et maculis punctisque lutets variegata; spira brevis, conoidea, apice ob- tusula; anfr. vie ultra 4 rapide accrescentes, ultimus ventrosus, antice dejlexus, medio impressus, castaneus ; apertura perob- 24 liqua, truncato-ovalis ; perist. albolabiatum, margine dextro expanso, columellari dilatato, plano, adnato. Diam. maj. 35, min. 27, alt. 19 mill. Hab. Province of Patas, Andes of Peru (Dr. Farris). 3. Heurx parasensis, Pfr. (Pl. XLITI. fig. 6.) . late um- bilicata, depressa, solidula, striata et foveolis minutis undique sculpta, fulvida, castaneo-unifasciata ; spira via elevata ; anfr. 54 convexiusculi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus depresso- rotundatus, antice deflecus; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ellip- tica ; perist. albidum, marginibus conniventibus, supero breviter expanso, basali reflexo, versus insertionem sensim dilatato. Diam. maj. 36, min. 29, alt. 13 mill. Hab. Province of Patas, Andes of Peru (Dr. Farris). 4. Hevix sasprpea, Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 5.) 7. late umbil- cata, depressa, carinata, solidula, oblique costulato-striata, carneo-albida, pallide corneo fammulata et subfasciata; spira vix elevata, apice cornea; sutura levis, marginata; anfr. 5 planiusculi, regulariter accrescentes, ultimus utrinque convexior, antice descendens ; umbilicus fere + diametri occupans ; aper- tura perobliqua, transverse oblonga, intus carnea, albofas- ciata ; perist. albidum, marginibus approximatis, supero recto, basali reflexo, ad insertionem dilatato. Diam. maj. 31, min. 26, alt. 10 mill. Hab. Province of Patas, Andes of Peru (Dr. Farris). 5. Hexix entoponta, Pfr. (Pl. XLIII. fig. 2.) T. umbilicata, depressa, discoidea, solidula, dense striata, pellucida, albido- hyalina ; spira plana, subimmersa; anfr. 7% convexi, angus- tissimi, ultimus trregularis, 4 mill. pone aperturam complanatus et intus dentibus 3 perlucentibus munitus, antice dilatatus, vir descendens ; umbilicus dimidium diametri occupans ; apertura diagonalis, obauriformis ; perist. breviter reflexum, marginibus remotis, dextro fleruoso. Diam. maj. 63, min. 53, alt. 2 mill. Hab. Cuenca, republic of Ecuador (Mr. Fraser). Nearly allied to Helix pollodonta, Orb. 6. Henix vieera, Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 6.) TT. peranguste um- bilicata, depressa, solidula, superne irregulariter striata et dense granulata, pallide fulvida, fasciis 2 albidis rufo angu- loso-maculatis (altera ad suturam, altera supra peripheriam) et inter illas strigis rufulis ornata; spira convexa, obtusa ; anfr. 5 convexiuscul, ultimus subcarinatus, ad partem pert- pherie aperture oppositam sulco 1 notatus, antice non descen- dens, subtus irregulariter tumidus et impressus, radiato-striatus, fascis moniliformibus pictus ; apertura diagonalis, subtrian- gulari-lunaris ; perist. album, marginibus remotis, supero ex- 25 panso, basali incrassato, subreflexo, umbilicum lamina dilatata semroccultante. Diam. maj. 37, min. 31, alt. 18 mull. Hab. Brazils. 7. Hevix monacna, Pfr. (Pl. XLIII. fig. 7.) TT. imperforata, globoso-conica, solida, rugoso-striata et sub lente minute gra- nulata, castanea ; spira conotdeo-elevata, obtusula; anfr. 53 modice convexi, lente accrescentes, ultimus antice vix descendens, medio obsolete subangulatus ; apertura fere diagonalis, rotun- dato-lunaris, intus livida, nitida; perist. carneum, undique breviter expansum, marginibus remotis, columellarit ad inser- tionem in laminam triangularem, adnatam dilatato. Diam. maj. 27, min. 23, alt. 19 mill. Hab. Australia. 8. Heitix uystRIceLLaA, Pfr. TZ. umbilicata, discoidea, tenui- uscula, subconferte costato-plicata, albido et rufo irregulariter radiata; spira plana vel medio immersa; anfr. 6 infra sutu- ram turgidi, ultimus rotundatus, non descendens ; umbilicus 4 diametri occupans ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunaris, la- mellis 6 acutis coarctata,—2 equalibus in ventre anfr. penul- timi, 4 in margine basali et dextro; perist. simplex, rectum. Diam. maj. 6, min. 52, alt. 24 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). 9, Hetix resecta, Pfr. (Pl. XLII. fig. 1.) 7. umbilicata, depressa, tenuis, striatula, nitida, fusco-cornea ; spira vix elata, vertice subtili, prominulo ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. fere 5 vix convextusculi, ultimus latus, depressus, circa umbilicum angustissimum vie pallidior; apertura obliqua, late lunaris ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellart superne in lami- nam parvam triangularem reflexo. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 5 mill. Hab. North of China (Mr. Fortune). 10. Hewrx ciziosa, Pfr. (Pl. XLII. fig. 8.) TT. umbilicata, depressa, tenuiuscula, carinata, striatula et pilis brevissimis obsita, diaphana, fusca ; spira brevissime conoidea; anfr. fere 6 convexiusculi, lente accrescentes, ultimus carina distinctius ciliata munitus, circa umbilicum latum (4 diametri equantem) subcompresso-inflatus ; apertura fere diagonalis, rotundato- lunaris ; perist. tenue, breviter expansum, marginibus conver- gentibus, columellart superne subdilatato. Diam. maj. 10, min. 83, alt. 4 mill. Hab. North of China (Mr. Fortune). ff 11. Hewrx sBreviparsis, Pfr. (Pl. XLIII. fig. 4.) TV. umbili- cata, subtrochiformes, carinata, tenuiuscula, irregulariter striata et lineis spiralibus confertis decussatula, diaphana, corneo- albida, ad carinam acutam, breviter barbatam castaneo unifas- 26 ciata; spira convexoconica, acutiuscula; anfr. 6% fere plant, Deane non descendens, circa umbilicum ediaowen pervium convexior ; apertura diagonalis, angulato-lunaris ; perist. albi- dum, marginibus vix convergentibus, supero expanso, basali reflexo, ad insertionem dilatato, patente. Diam. maj. 14, min. 13, alt. 17 mill. Hab. North of China (Mr. Fortune). 12. Hextrx piacioctossa, Pfr. (Pl. XLIII. fig. 3.) TJ. anguste et pervie umbilicata, conoideo-semiglobosa, solida, arcuato- striata, fulvo-cornea ; spira conoidea; anfr. 53 planiusculr, ultimus antice descendens, subtus valde constrictus,. bast con- vexior ; apertura magna, diagonalis, rotundato-lunaris.; pares aperturalis dente obliquo lingueformi munitus ; perist. albo- callosum, margine supero expanso, basali reflexo, bidentato — dentibus approximatis, sinistro parvulo, nodiformi, altero ma- jore, sursum producto. Diam. maj. 124, min. 11, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Near Oajaca, Mexico (Jf. Sallé). 13. Hevix apHropity, Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 2.) 7. imperfo- rata, depressa, tenuis, striatula et sub lente obsolete decussa- tula, pellucida, mtida, pallide straminea; spira parum ele- vata, vertice minuto, obtuso; sutura albo-marginata ; anfr. 33 rapide accrescentes, convexiusculi, ultimus acute albo-carina- tus, antice vix descendens, constrictus, subtus convexus ; aper- tura obliqua securiformi-lunaris ; columella plana, compressa, arcuatim descendens ; perist. candidum, breviter reflecum, mar- ginibus convergentibus, supero subflexuoso, columellari dilatato, adnato. Diam. maj. 36, min. 273, alt. 15 mill. Hab. New Caledonia. 14. Butimus canpipissimus, Pfr. 7’. subperforata, oblongo- turrita, solida, irregulariter striatula, nitida, candidissima ; spira turrita, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 73 convext, ultimus 2 longitudinis subequans, basi vix attenuatus ; apertura vix ob- liqua, oblonga, intus subcarnea ; perist. simplex, rectum, mar- gine columellari verticalt, sursum dilatato, sublibero. Long. 164, diam. 8 mill. Hab. Island of Socotora. 15. Butimus CuENCANUS, Pfr. T. subperforata, oblongo-tur- rita, solidula, cordato-costulata, pellucida, virenti-albida ; spira regulariter turrita, apice obtusula ; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, ultimus = longitudinis subequans, basi vix compressus ; colu- mella verticals ; apertura verticalis, truncato-ovalis ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari breviter reflero, sub- libero. Long. 8, diam. 34 mill. Hab. Cuenca, republic of Ecuador (Mr. Fraser). 27 16. AcHATINA LAyARDI, Pfr. (Pl. XLIII. fig. 5.) 7. subfusi- formi-ovata, tenuis, longitudinaliter plicatula, strigis plum- beo-fuscis et rufis necnon maculis crebris fuscis sepe pallide cinetis ornata; spira conica, obtusula ; sutura leviter margi- nata, subcrenata; anfr. fere 8 convextuscult, superi leviter decussati, ultimus spiram superans, ventrosus, basi attenuatus ; columella leviter arcuata, subtorta, late truncata, purpurea ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-ovalis, intus cerulescenti- margaritacea ; perist. simplex, marginibus callo purpurascente junctis, dextro intus rubro-limbato. Long. 139, diam. 66 mill. Hab. Oibo, Kast Coast of Africa (Mr. Layard). 17. ACHATINA FULGENS, Pfr. 7. oblongo-ovata, solidula, levi- gata, pellucida, nitida, corneo-fulva ; spira ovato-conica, apice obtusula ; anfr. 6 Bog ad suturam anguste margina- tam striatuli, ultimus 2 longitudinis subequans, basi rotunda- tus ; columella perarcuata, albo-callosa, oblique sublate trun- cata; apertura verticalis, sinuato-elliptica ; perist. rectum, obtusum. Long. 124, diam. 52 mill. Hab. Unknown. 18. Oveactna BoucaRDI, Pfr. TZ’. ovato-oblonga, tenuis, levi- gata, nitida, pellucida, fulvo-cornea, varicibus nonnullis leviter impressis castaneis, antrorsum pallide marginatis, instructa ; spira conica, obtusa; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, ad suturam anguste marginatam breviter plicati, ultimus spiram subequans ; colu- mella subtorta, bast Greviter truncata; apertura verticalis, sinuato-semiovalis ; perist. simplex, margine dextro antrorsum arcuato. Long. 13, diam. 6 mill. Hab. 8. Martin, Mexico (M. Boucard). 19. CycLosTroMA susconicuM (Lepropoma), Pfr. T. angus- tissime umbilicata, globoso-conica, tenuis, liris filiformibus sub- confertis cincta et striis lamellaribus oblique decussata, vix ni- tidula, castanea, ad suturam luteo flammulata ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6 convex, ultimus spira brevior; apertura parum obliqua, ovali- rotundata, ntus carulescenti-margari- tacea ; Bee tenue, vex exrpansum, marginibus approximatis. Opere. Diam. maj. 81, min. 74, alt. 7 mill. 20. CyCLOSTOMA PRINCIPALIS (CycLostomus), Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig.7.) T.aperte et mediocriter umbilicata, globoso- turbinata, solidula, liris subacutis, crebris cincta, albida, fasciis 2 vio- laceo-fuscis infra medium ornata; spira gradato-conica, ver- tice minuto, acutiusculo ; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus basi et in umbilico liris equalibus subdistantibus munitus ; apertura pa- 28 rum obliqua, ovalirotundata, intus castaneo-bifasciata ; perist. incrassatum et refleciusculum, marginibus cpproningns callo lunara NBL: columellart adnato. Operc.? Diam. maj. 214, min. 17, alt. 16 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 21. FRASERI (BourcieERa), Pfr. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 1.) 7. obtecte umbilicata, depresse conoideo-globosa, solidula, sub lente decussatula, fulvo-carnea ; spira mediocris, conoidea, acutius- cula; anfr. di convext, ultimus rotundatus, non adscendens, pone columellam profunde excavatus, callosus ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato- ovalis, intus citrina ; columella brevissima, retrorsum in dentem acutum terminata ; perist. subincrassatum, albidum, equaliter patens et reflexiusculum. Operc. tenue, corneo-purpurascens, CRETE EEE? Diam. maj. vix 11, min. 84, alt. 64 mill. Hab. Province of Cuenca, republic of Ecuador (Mr. Fraser). © 22. Hevicina InzQquaLis (LucipDEL.a), Pfr. 7. conica, solda, oblique striata et conferte lirata (liris 5in anfr. ultimo fortio- ribus, acutis), pallide flavida ; spira convexo-conica, mucro- nata; sutura subcanaliculata, albo-marginata; anfr. 6, vir convexiusculi, ultimus basi planiusculus, spiraliter dense stri- atus, antice constrictus ; apertura perobliqua, bisinuato-trian- gularis, angulo dextro rotundato ; perist. album, callosum, late expansum et reflexiusculum, margine supero et basalt prope in- sertionem unidentatis. Operc.? Diam. maj. 63, min. 54, alt. 43 mill. Hab. Jamaica. 423. HELICINA ELECTRINA, Pfr. T’. conico-globosa, tenuis, levi- gata, oleoso-micans, pellucida, corneo-lutescens ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, ultimus rotundatus, spira paulo altior ; columella brevissima, callum emittens tenuem ; apertura parum obliqua, semicircularis, ad columellam angu- lata et plica levi munita ; perist. tenue, breviter expansum. Operc.? Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 6 mill. Hab. Arv Islands. 24. Hexttcina pARAENsis, Pfr. TJ. globoso-conica, tenuis, sub lente plicatulo-striata, diaphana, albido-lutescens ; spira co- noidea, obtusula; anfr. 5 vie convexiusculi, ultimus convexior, spiram subequans; columella brevissima, callum emittens te- nuem, diffusum ; apertura obliqua, integra, semiovalis ; perist. tenue, breviter expansum, margine basali prope columellam leviter sinuato. Operc. tenue, albidum. Diam. maj. 54, min. 5, alt. 43 mill. Hab. Para, Brazil. 29 25. HELICINA BEHNIANA, Pfr. TT. conoideo-depressa, tenuius- cula, sub lente leviter striatula, oleoso-micans, flavida ; spira regulariter conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 4% vie convexiusculi, ultimus peripheria subangulatus ; apertura obliqua, integra, triangulari-semiovalis ; columella brevissima, subincrassata, callum emittens tenuem, diffusum; perist. sublate expansum, margine columellart leviter arcuato. Operc. solidulum, con- color. Diam. maj. 74, min. 52, alt. 44 mill. Hab. Nicobar Islands. 26. HeELICINA ARUANA, Pfr. 7. turbinato-depressa, solidula, carinata, superne oblique striata et subregulariter lirata, lutea, albido variegata; spira conoidea, mucronulata ; anfr. 4} con- vexiuscult, ultimus infra carinam acutam rufo-fasciatus, subtus sublevigatus ; columella subtriangularis, nitida, callum emit- tens latiusculum; apertura diagonalis, triangularis ; perist. tenue, vie expansiusculum. Opere.? Diam. maj. 11, min. 93, alt. 6 mill. Has. Aru Islands. 27. HeLIicINA MINUSCULA (SCHASICHEILA), Pfr. 7". globoso- conica, tenuis, sublevigata, nitida, pellucida, fulva; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr.4 convex, ultimus ventrosus, pone columellam excavatus, callosus ; apertura parum obliqua, semi- ovalis ; perist. simplex, tenue, rectum, marginibus lamina cal- losa junctis, dextro superne inciso, tum arcuatim procedente, columellari libero substricto.. Operc.? Diam. maj. 44, min. 32, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Unknown. 3. DescrirtTions oF Two New Species oF MELAMPUS, FROM Mr. Cumine’s Coutection. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER. 1. Metampus FRIcK1, Pfr. T. subperforata, oblongo-fusiformis, solida, longitudinaliter conferte plicata, rufa; spira convexo- conica, mucronata ; sutura linearis, sublacera ; anfr. 10 planius- culi, ultimus spiram paulo superans, basi compressus, medio plicis evanidis sublevigaius ; apertura angusta, basi rotundata; plica parietalis 1 compressa ; plica columellaris dentiformis, extrorsum prolongata ; perist. simplex, margine dextro intus plicis 5 subin- trantibus munito, columellari calloso, sublibero. Long. 12, diam. 52 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). / 2. Mextampus scuuprus, Pfr. T. subperforata, fusiformi-ob- longa, solidula, superne distincte costato-plicata, saturate cas- _ tanea; spira conica, mucronata; sutura distincta, subcrenata ; anfr. 10-11 planiusculk, ultimus = longitudinis subequans, sub- 30 varicosus, infra suturam et ad basin attenuatam plicatus, medio levigatus ; apertura verticalis, angusta, basi rotundata; plica parietalis unica, levis, profunda; plica columellaris tenuis, obli- gua, marginem attingens ; perist. simplex, acutum, margine dextro intus obsoletissime transverse plicato. Long. 10, diam. 5 mill. Hab. Admiralty Islands. . Descriptions oF Erent New Species oF ACHATINELLA, FROM Mr. Cumine’s CoLLectTion. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER. ¥1, ACHATINELLA CONCAVosPIRA (Butimeua), Pfr. T. sub- perforata, dextrorsa, ovato-turrita, solida, striatula, nitida, albida, fasciis et strigis angustis coffeaceis ornata; spira concavo-tur- rita, apice acutiuscula, alba; sutura valde marginata ; anfr. 7, primi 3 plani, sequentes convezi, ultimus rotundatus, 2 longitu- dinis subequans; plica columellaris supera, nodiformis, alba ; apertura obliqua, obauriformis ; perist. hepaticum, margine dextro expansiusculo, columellari perdilatato, refiexo, subadnato. Long. 214, diam. 113 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Allied to A. terebra, Newe. 2. A. MoRBIDA (ButimeEtta), Pfr. T. subperforata, sinistrorsa, ovato-turrita, solidula, striata et striis confertis spiralibus sub lente decussata, alba, fusco varie strigata et fasciata; spira elon- gata, gracilis, apice acutiuscula ; sutura simplex ; anfr. 64 vir convexiusculi, ultimus spira paulo brevior, convexus ; plica colu- mellaris alba, brevis, obliqua; apertura obliqua, obauriformis ; perist. incrassatum, breviter expansum, margine columellari per- dilatato, late adnato. Long. 19, diam. 9 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Allied and similar to A. sordida, Newe. 3. A. FABA (BULIMELLA), Pfr. T. imperforata, deztrorsa, ovata, solidula, irregulariter striata, nitida, alba ; spira convexo-conica, apice acutiuscula; sutura simplex ; anfr.5 convexiusculi, ultimus spira paulo longior, rotundatus ; plica columellaris supera, valida, nodiformis ; apertura parum obliqua, obauriformis ; perist. intus crasse labiatum, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari re- flexo, adnato. Long. 16, diam. 104 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Allied to A. ovata, Fricki, &c. 4, A. saccaTa (ACHATINELLASTRUM), Pfr. T. subperforata, sinistrorsa, turrita, solidula, striatula, sub lente decussaiula, nitida, candida; spira regulariter attenuata, apice acuta; sutura PAR vo oF des 31 anguste marginata ; anfr. 64 planiusculi, ultimus 2 longitudinis equans, parum convexus, basi subcompresso-saccatus ; plica colu- mellaris alta, dentiformis, fusca vel carnea ; apertura perobliqua, semiovalis, basi lateraliter producta, intus pallide rosea ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari dilatato, sublibero. Long. 21, diam. 93 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands. Somewhat allied to 4. casta, Newe. 5. A. LILIACEA (ACHATINELLASTRUM), Pfr. TJ. imperforata, sinistrorsa, ovato-conica, solidula, leviter striata, nitida, alba ; spira convexiusculo-conica, apice subacuta ; sutura anguste mar- ginata; anfr. 6 vix convexiuscull, ulttimus parum convexus, peri- pheria interdum subangulatus, basi saccatus ; plica columellaris pallide rosea, alta, torta; apertura obliqua, obauriformi ; perist. rectum, acutum, intus sublabiatum, margine columellar: vix dila- tato, adnato. Long. 24, diam. 12 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). This species belongs to the group of A. fulgens, Newe. 6. A. seRicEA (LAMINELLA), Ptr. T. imperforata, deztrorsa, ovato-conica, solida, subruditer striata, striis spiralibus minute granuluto-decussata, sericea, saturate brunnea; spira convexo- conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. fere 6 convexi, ad suturam pallidiores, ultimus 2 longitudinis equans, circa columellam albidus ; colu- mella lamina compressa, brevi, obliqua munita ; apertura obliqua, elliptica; perist. simplex, rectum, margine dextro fere semicircu- lari, cum columellar: calloso angulatim juncto. Long. 17, diam. 9+ mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Allied to A. rudis, Pfr., &c. 7. A. SUBROSTRATA (LAMINELLA), Pfr. TJ. imperforata, dex- trorsa, ovato-conica, solida, irregulariter striata, nitidula, fusca, fulvo-nebulosa ; spira ventroso-conica, apice acutiuscula ; anfr. 6, superi 4 vie convexiusculi, ultimus rotundatus, 2 longitudinis sub- equans ; lamina columellaris fere basalis, acuta, obliqua; aper- tura vie obliqua, irregulariter semielliptica, ad columellam angu- lata, quast in rosirum producta; perist. rectum, intus albolabia- tum, margine dextro subrepando, columellari parum dilatato, ad- nalo. Long. 15, diam. 8 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Allied to A. albolabris, Newe. 8. A. micans (LAmMiInNELLA), Pfr. T. subperforata, dextrorsa, turrita, solidula, sub epidermide lutea, glutinoso-micante alba ; spira regulariter attenuata, apice acutiuscula ; sutura subcrenata; anfr. 7 convexiuscult, ultimus 4 longitudinis vix superans, rotun- datus ; lamina columellaris parvula, obliqua ; apertura vix obli- 32 gua, subovalis; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellart parum dilatato, sublibero. Long. 16, diam. 72 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Frick). Nearest allied to A. variegata, Pfr. 5. Notes on THE “ Moorvux”’ (Casuarius BENNETTI1). By GEeorGE BENNETT. On the 26th of October 1858, the ‘Oberon’ cutter of forty-eight tons arrived in Sydney, having two fine young specimens of the “‘ Mooruk”’ on board, stated to be male and female. On going on board I found them confined in a very small space, and the Captain informed me he had had them eight months, that he procured them soon after his arrival at New Britain for Sydney, and since that time had been trading about the islands, having these birds on board ; they were fed principally upon yams. I observed they were in poor condition, but healthy in appearance, and plumage in good order. ‘They were about half the size of the specimen sent to En- gland; but one, apparently the male bird, appeared a little larger than the other. Captain Devlin informs me that the natives capture them very young, soon after they are hatched, and rear them by hand. The natives rarely or never can capture the adult bird, as they are so very shy and difficult of approach,—the native weapons being ineffectual against so rapid and wary a bird. These birds are very swift of foot and possess great strength in the legs; on the least alarm they elevate the head, and, seeing danger, dart among the thick brush, and thread about in localities where no human being could follow them, and disappear like magic. This bird, with its strong legs and muscular thighs, has an extraordimary power of leaping: it was from this circumstance the first bird brought from New Britain was lost; from its habit of leaping, it one day made a spring on the deck and went overboard ; as it was blowing a strong breeze at the time, the bird perished. In warm weather, the Captain informs me, they are fond of having a bucket of salt water thrown over them, and seem to enjoy it very much. I succeeded in pur- chasing these birds; and Captain Slater (the present commander of the ‘Oberon’) brought them to my house in a cab; and when placed in the yard, they walked about as tame as turkeys. They ap- proached any one that came into the yard, pecking the hand as if desirous of being fed, and were very docile. They began by pecking at a bone in the yard, probably not having tasted any meat for some time, and would not, while engaged upon it, touch some boiled pota- toes which were thrown to them; indeed we found afterwards they fed better out of a dish than from the ground—no doubt, having been accustomed early to be fed m that manner. They were as familiar as if born and bred among us for years, and did not require time to reconcile them to their new situation, but became sociable and quite at home at once. We found them next day rather too tame, or, like 33 spoilt pets, too often in the way. One or both of them would walk into the kitchen ; while one was dodging under the tables and chairs, the other would leap upon the table, keeping the cook in a state of excitement ; or they would be heard chirping in the hall, or walk into the library in search of food or information, or walk up stairs, and then be quickly seen descending again, making their peculiar chirping, whistling noise; not a door could be left open, but in they walked, familiar with all. They kept the servants constantly on the alert: if the servant went to open the door, on turning round she found a “ Mooruk”’ behind her; for they seldom went together, generally wandering apart from each other. If any attempt was made to turn them out by force, they would dart rapidly round the room, dodging about under the tables, chairs, and sofas, and then end by squatting down under a sofa or in acorner ; and it was impossible to remove the bird, except by carrying it away : on attempting this, the long, powerful, muscular legs would begin kicking and struggling, and soon get released, when it would politely walk out of its own accord. I found the best method was to entice them out, as if you had some- thing eatable in the hand, when they would follow the direction in which you wished to lead them. They sometimes also give a smart kick to any person attempting to turn them out forcibly. The house- maid attempting to turn the bird out of one of the rooms, it gave her a kick and tore her dress whilst she was very politely driving him before her. They walk into the stable among the horses, poking their bills into the manger. When writing in my study, a chirping, whistling noise is heard; the door, which was ajar, is pushed open ; and in walk the “‘ Mooruks,’’ who quietly pace round the room, in- specting everything, and then as peaceably go out again. If any attempt is made to turn them out, they leap and dodge about, and exhibit a wonderful rapidity of movement, which no one would sup- pose possible from their quiet gait and manner at other times. Even in the very tame state of these birds, I have seen sufficient of them to know that, if they were loose in a wood, it would be impossible to catch them, and almost as difficult to shoot them. One day, when apparently frightened at something that occurred, I saw one of them scour round the yard at a swift pace, and speedily disappear under the archway so rapidly that the eye could hardly follow it, upsetting all the poultry in its progress, as they could not get out of the way. The lower half of the stable-door, about 4 feet high, was kept shut to prevent them going in; but this proved no obstacle, as it was easily leaped over by these birds. They never appeared to take any notice of, or be frightened at, the Jabiru or Gigantic Crane, which was in the same yard, although that sedate, stately bird was not pleased at their intrusion. One day I remarked the Jabiru spread- ing his long wings, and clattermg his beak, opposite one of the **Mooruks,”’ as if im ridicule of their wingless condition. ‘‘ Mooruk,”’ on the other hand, was pruning its feathers and spreading out its funny little apology for wings, as if proud of displaying the stiff horny shafts with which they were adorned. The ‘‘ Mooruks”’ often throw up all their feathers, ruffling them ; and then they suddenly No. 386.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 34 fall flat as before : they appear to have great power in raising all the feathers; and the wings are used to aid them in running, but never seem used for defence. Captain Devlin says, the uatives consider them to a certain degree sacred, and rear them as pets; he is not aware that they are used as food, but if so, not generally ; indeed their shy disposition and power of rapid running, darting through the brake and bush, would almost preclude their capture. It re- minds me (from the description) of the habits of the Menura, or Lyre bird of Australia ; only it is much larger and more powerful in its actions. The natives carry them in their arms, and are very kind to and have a great affection for them; this will account for their domesticated state with us. The noise of these birds, when in the yard, resembled that of the female Turkey; at other times the peculiar chirping noise was ac- companied by a whistling sound also. The contrast of these birds with the Jabiru was very great. The ‘‘ Mooruks”’ were sometimes moving about like the female Turkey in rapid motion or excite- ment, or, when walking quietly, always inquisitive and poking their beaks into everything and familiar with every person. The Jabiru, on the other hand, was a perfect picture of sedate quietness, looking upon all play as injurious to his constitution or derogatory to his dignity, remaining stiff in his gait and serious in his demeanour. Only one egg was brought, and that was partly broken; I have it in my possession. The Captain informs me that they can be pro- cured from the natives, and have generally a hole in them about the size of a shilling, through which the contents have been extracted. The height of the largest or male bird, to the top of the back, was 2 feet 2 inches, and of the female 2 feet. The height of the largest or male bird, when erect, to the top of the head, was 3 feet 2 inches, and of the female 3 feet. 6. DescrIPTION OF THE ADULT STATE OF VOLUTA MAMILLA, Gray. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., ere. (Mollusca, Pl. XLV.) We have had in the British Museum for years a young specimen of a shell from Van Diemen’s Land, which I named Voluta ma- milla. It is figured under that name in Sowerby’s ‘ Conchological Thesaurus,’ t. 50. f. 57, 58; it is described by me in my “ Obser- vations on the Species of Volutes,”’ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 55, under the name of Scapha mamilla ; and it is noticed under the genus Cymbium by the Messrs. A. and H. Adams, in their ‘Genera of Mollusca.’ But many conchologists have been inclined to regard this specimen as only a monstrosity of some other species,—an idea that could only have been entertained by such as were ignorant of the general struc- ture and physiology of molluscous animals. Vohata mamulla. WWest amp. GHFurd é Pont 35 We have lately received from Van Diemen’s Lani three fine spe- cimens of this shell,—two of them fully grown, and the other inter- mediate in size between the young specimen we formerly possessed and the adult state of the species. It may be observed that these shells were all taken while the animals were growing ; the shells have consequently the thin edge incident to that state of the animal, and not the rounded thickened edge to the outer lip which the shell as- sumes while it is in a state of rest after its former growths: though probably the full size of the species, they are none of them what conchologists generaily call adult shells. But this form of the outer lip is no proof of the adult state of the shell; for the animal con- stantly mereases the size of the shell after such thickening and periods of rest; thus the thickening of the edge of the lip is only a proof that the shell was taken and the animal destroyed while the animal and shell were not increasing its size. The adult shell greatly resembles Scupha magnifica in form and colouring; but the apex is much larger, irregular, with the apex of the whorl on one side of the tip; and the system of colouring is much broader, and coarser in its character. ScAPHA MAMILLA. (Mollusca, Pl. XLV.) Shell ovate; nucleus very large, spire rather irregular, one- coloured, orange, with the apex on one side; the last whorl irregu- larly markled with dark purple-brown lines having triangular pale Spots, and with a subcentral and broad posterior sutural colourless band. Pillar dark orange, with three oblique plaits. Throat yellow. This form of the nucleus is found in another species of the genus Scapha, but not in such a highly developed state, viz. in Scapha fusiformis, also inhabiting Van Diemen’s Land ; and it is also found in the genus Fulgoraia. Several conchologists, for example the Messrs. Adams, have sup- posed that this shell, on account of the size of the nucleus, ought to be referred to the genus Cymbium, which is characterized by having an irregular callous tip to the nucleus ; but if the nucleus of V. ma- milla is properly examined, it will be found that it is distinctly spiral, but has the apex of the first whorl of the nucleus excentric or bent on one side; and this is not very uncommon in several species of Chrysostoma and Fusus, &c. The species of Scapha may be thus divided, according to the form and surface of the whole of the nucleus :— I. Spire of nucleus regular, with a central apex. a. Nucleus large; whorls crenulated near the suture. S. vespertilio. S. rutila. S. nivosa. S. magnifica. S. sophia. 36 b. Nucleus large; whorls smooth. S. aulica. S. leueostoma. S. deshayesii. c. Nucleus moderate or small; spire often subcylindrical, generally truncated or deciduous. S. punctata. S. ferussacii. S. colocyntha. S. pacifica. S. magellanica. S. concinna. S. javanica. lI. Spire of nucleus rather irregular; the apex excentric, lateral. S. fusiformis, apex moderate. S. mamilla, apex very large. 7. Notice or Notorteris, A New Genus or Preropine Bat FROM THE FrerseE IsLanps. By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., ere. (Mammalia, Pl. LXVITI.) Among a large collection of the skins of Mammalia, Birds, Fishes, Crustacea, &c., sent to the British Museum by the Lords of the Admiralty, which were collected by Mr. Rayner, Dr. Macdonald, and the Medical Officers of H.M. Ship ‘ Herald,’ during the voyage to the Feejee and other Pacific Islands, under the direction of Captain Denman, R.N., there are two specimens of a small Pteropme Bat from the island of Viti, which has the elongated face and the general appearance of the Kiodote (Macroglossus), but is provided with an elongated, free, slender, tapering tail, nearly as long as the hind legs, which, like the tail of most Bats having this member enclosed in the interfemoral membrane, is arched, the tip being bent ventrally or downwards. Considering that the best genera of Bats are those established on the external conformation of the members, I am inclined to propose for this animal a new generic designation ; and I have no doubt that, when its habits and manners are known, they will be found to dikes considerably from those of Macroglossus and eee to which it is most nearly allied. NoTopPpreRIs, Head elongate; muzzle produced, subcylindrical ; nose simple, muffle narrow, bald between the nostrils, with a deep central notch. Ears small, lateral. Body covered with rather crisp hair. Wings broad, short, arising from the middle of the back, bald, only sepa- rated by a very narrow line of hair down the vertebral line, and with soft hair on the under side near the body. Thumb elongate; lower ‘Arg “njeuopseur sttaidovxr . ) iUpyTeuop 179400 10K) ASE LEWES 7 “DOLE, ? 37 joint half the length of the upper, and enclosed in a web. The index-finger, of three bony joints; the last joint short, clawless. Interfemoral membrane deeply cut out, fringing the hind legs to the heel, hairy above and on the under side near the body, bald at other parts. Tail elongate, slender, tapering, many-jointed, arising from, and with the base attached to, the under side of the narrow interfe- moral membrane; as long as the hind legs. The skull elongate, produced and slender in front. 1—l1 f=12 The cutting teeth conical, far apart; the upper are very small, rudimentary, on the middle of the intermaxillary bone between the end of the nose and the canine teeth; the lower rather larger, conical, blunt, separated from each other by a broad lunate space near the front edge of the canine teeth; canine larger, grooved ; grinders compressed, blunt. The upper cutting teeth are conical, small, far apart, placed on the middle of the slender produced intermaxillary bones, which have a small depression near the anterior extremity, like a cavity, whence a second chisel-shaped tooth might be developed ; but as there is no appearance of the tooth in either of the skulls, perhaps it may be where a tooth of this kind has been shed. The lower teeth are small and blunt, placed near the front of the base of the canine tooth. The edge of the front of the jaw between these teeth is rather produced and sharp-edged, and is nicked near the cutting tooth, giving the jaw somewhat the appearance of a se- cond tooth, but it is not enamelled. The canines elongate, conical, acute, curved. The grinders are reniform, compressed, gradually diminishing in size towards the back of the jaws; the front one on each side in each jaw is largest, higher than the rest, and crenated on the crown; the rest have a flat smooth crown. The tongue was not preserved ; but, from the form of the muzzle and of the cutting teeth, I think it is very probably elongate, like that of the genus Macroglossus. In the absence of the claw on the index-finger, this animal agrees with the genus Cephalotes from Timor, as it also does with the ac- count of the wings and the teeth given in the systematic works ; but it differs from that genus very essentially when the specimens of the two animals are compared. The head of Cephalotes is much shorter and broader. ‘The cutting teeth are exceedingly different ; in Cephalotes the cutting teeth are close together, the upper ones chisel-shaped, the lower ones rather conical, entirely fillmg up the very narrow space between the base of the large canines; while in Notopteris they are only two far apart, smali and isolated. The wings of the two genera arise from the centre of the back ; and the bases of the wings, which cover the back, are naked. But in Cephalotes the nakedness extends over the shoulders to a line even with the front edge of the wings; in Notopteris the naked = SS 1 . : 4—4 Cutting teeth — ; canines grinders —. 38 part only occupies the hinder half of the back or loins, the shoulders being exposed and covered with hair like the rest of the body. The tail in Cephalotes is short and rudimentary, flattened, and formed of four or five very short joints, and not elongated and in- curved as in the new genus. I may observe that, though the index-finger of the Cephalotes peronit from Celebes (in the British Museum, received from the Leyden Collection) is not provided with any distinct, well-developed claw, the end of the bone is curved upwards and rather produced into a resemblance of a claw,—there being no indication of such an appendage in the animal from Viti. Pteropus amplexicaudatus, from Timor, has a rather elongated head, a short free tail; and the wings arise from the sides of the back, with a broad hairy space between their bases; but this differs from Cephalotes in haying a small distinct claw on the end of the index- finger, and in having four chisel-shaped cutting teeth in the lower jaw, occupying the whole of the rather wide space between the base of the large canines; aud it has four rather conical cutting teeth in the upper jaw. NoTopTERIS MACDONALDII. (Pl. LXVIL.) Pale-reddish brown above, rather greyer beneath; the hinder half of the back, which is covered by the bases of the wings, bald, with a very narrow line of short hair down the vertebral line. The rump and upper surface of the base of the interfemoral membrane covered with hair. Hab. The Island of Viti Leon, Feejees. September 1857. Male and female. Iris dark hazel. (John D. Macdonald.) Male. Length of head and body 43, tail 2, fore-arm bone 23, leg bone 12 inch. Female rather smaller: arm-bone 21 inches. 8. Notice oF A New Genus or LoPpHOBRANCHIATE FISHES FROM WESTERN AustTRALIA. By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., ETc. (Pisces, Pl. VII.) Among the collections made by the Medical Officers of H.M.S. ‘ Herald,’ above referred to, is a curious and apparently new species of Syngnathide, of which I give a brief description. HALIIcHuTHys. Mouth elongate, quadrangular, with a spine on the middle of each side of the upper edge. Body six-sided. Tail quadrangular. The shields of the head and body with a more or less elongated spine, each ending in a very long slender filiform beard. Under side of ees er — eee ame =< oe i ee eee a TE ee eee s = a A RR ee rece SSS . Te ermine ne en a )ixan, imp } tu ™| lard & a AIL t A ie q re) @ W) ALI i H N E bl jal Geis es YS: AEM igo Se ns EX ox ee me 39 body and tail flat, with a very slightly raised central ridge. Pee- toral and dorsal fin distinct. Caudal fin none, or very rudimentary. Egg-pouch ?; none apparent in the specimen. HALIICHTHYS TEZNIOPHORA. The head compressed, spinose, with a high, arched, central ridge armed with spines, each having an elongated slender filiform beard in front of its base ; the eye-brows produced, crested, with two large eurved spines on the upper edge ; the front spine furnished with a very long filiform beard on the front edge; the lower edge of the | orbit with two spines, the base of the operculum with one, and the upper edge with a prominent ridge armed with two unequal spines, the hinder one largest and compressed. The head at the back edge of the operculum with an arched ridge armed with four large com- pressed conical spines; and there is a compressed bifid one on the nape between these two arched ridges. _ Body hexangular, or sub- heptangular from the obscure ventral keel, formed of nineteen rings ; the lower lateral angles are narrower than the rest, which are sub- equal; each plate of the rings is armed witha subcentral spine ; and the spines on the three or four darker rings of the body are furnished with elongated filiform beards. The tail is quadrangular ; the under side is rather the widest and flat, the others are concave; each shield is furnished with a spine like those of the body, and the greater part of the spines are furnished with a filiform elongated beard. Caudal rings about forty-five, the apical one obscure. Dorsal fin over the vent 26-rayed. The dry fish is black above, pale beneath, with three distant black spots on each side of the body, and distant black cross bands on the under side of the base of the tail. Hab. Freycinet harbour, Shark’s Bay, W. Australia. Mr. Gould read the following extract from a Letter addressed to him by George Bennett, Esq., of Sydney, dated October 15th, 1858 :— «The semipalmated Goose, I have seen domesticated in Sydney in a poultry-yard, having been hatched by a common hen. This bird in its anatomy evidently approaches the Cranes, and in habits also. Especially when you see it running about the poultry-yard, it re- sembles one of the Gruide more than a Goose. The bird I allude to was one of many hatched under a hen from eggs procured from the blacks at a station on the Mooruya River, near Broulee, south of Sydney. Ten eggs were procured and placed under two hens, five for each, and in three days less than a month produced seven young Geese, which were reared by the foster-mother. The eggs are said to be cream-coloured, not larger than a small-sized goose- egg. The birds lay their eggs close to the water in the lagoons ; they commence to lay about September. The bird was an adult, and differed materially from your drawing, which I consider to represent 40 either a distinct species or, from the peculiarity of the bill and feet, a bird of the first year. The bill, feet, and legs were of a flesh- colour ; the plumage of the head, neck, wings, centre of the back, tail, and thighs glossy-black; remainder of the plumage white. These birds are readily domesticated, and run about the poultry- yard in the most amicable manner possible. The colour of the beak, feet, and legs were of the same colour when hatched ; and the bird, dating from the time it was brought forth, would be one year and eight months old.” Mr. Gould exhibited a drawing of a Pheasant, said to come from the Mountains of Siam, which he considered identical with that lately described by Mr. Blyth under the name of Drardigallus fasciolatus, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxvii. p. 115. January 25th, 1859. EK. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Descriptions oF New SPECIES OF THE AMERICAN FAMILY TyrRANNID&. By Puitie LuTLEY SCLATER. 1. ATTILA CITRINIVENTRIS. Rufescens, capite obscuriore et cinereo tincto, dorso imo dilutiore, uropygio citrino-flavo: alis nigricantibus, extus rufescente lim- batis ; gula cinerascente, pectore rufo, ventre cum crisso citrino-flavo, hypochondiiis et tectricibus subalaribus rufis : cauda clare rufa unicolore, basin versus dilutiore: rostro ni- gricante, pedibus plumbeis. Long. tota 6°75, alee 3°2, caudee 2°6, rostri a rictu 1:0. ae In valle Amazonum superiore ad ripas fl. Ucayali (Hauz- well). This species of Attzla comes nearest to Attila spadiceus of Cayenne and Northern Brazil, and is of about the same size, but may be di- stinguished by its darker and more cinereous head and yellow belly, as well as minor differences. An example in my own collection was received trom MM, Verreaux of Paris. One belonging to Mr. Gould was procured by Hauxwell on the Ucayali. As to the position of this genus of birds and the synonymy of the species, I agree with the views of M. de Lafresnaye, as given in his article in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ (1848, p. 39). 41 The species of the group, of which I possess specimens, may be arranged as follows, beginning with those with the strongest bills :— (1.) ATtrLa cINEREUS (Gm.).—Muscicapa cinerea, Gm., Max. Beitr. iii. 853; Spix, Av. Bras. 11. t. 26. f. 2.—Dasycephala cinerea, Sw.; Burm. Syst. Ueb. i. 85.—Attila rufus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46. Had. In Brasil. merid. (2.) ArTrLa CITREOPYGIUS* (Bp.).—Dasycephala citreopyga, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviil. p. 657; Notes Orn. p. 86; Sclater, P. Pe S857, p. 227: Hab. In Mexico merid., Guatemala, et Nicaragua. (3.) ArTiLa BRASILIENSIS, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 360; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 45.—Muscicapa uropygiata, Max. Beitr. ii. 868.— Myiarchus (!) uropygiatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. i. 472. Hab. In Brasilia. (4.) ATTILA THAMNOPHILOIDES (Spix).—Muscicapa thamnophi- loides, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 26. fig. 1; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 86. Hab. In Brasil. int. : (5.) ArTrta spapicEeus (Gm.), Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46.— Muse. spadicea, Gm. — Tyrannus rufescens, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xl. p. 278.—Dasycephala uropygialis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iti. 686. Hab. In Cayenna. (6.) ATTILA CITRINIVENTRIS, Sclater. Hab. ¥n valle fi. Amazonum sup. Iam not acquainted with dttila bolivianus, Lafr. (Tyrannus ru- fescens, Lafr. et D’Orb. ; D’Orb. Voy. p. 308). Next to Attila, I think, must be placed the curious type Casiornis of Bonaparte, of which the earliest specific name appears to be rubra of Vieillot. Its synonymy is very much confused ; but I am inclined to refer Suiri7t rowa, Azar. sp. 188; Muscicapa rubra, Vieill. Dict. xxl. 457, et Enc. p. 831; Muscicapa hematodes, Licht.; Dasy- cephala hematodes, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 222; Dasy- cephala rubra, Burm. Syst. Ueb. i. 87; Tyrannula rufula, Hart. Rey. Zool. 1852, p. 6, and, probably, Tyrannus thamnophiloides of D’Orbigny (Voy. p. 309), to this bird. MM. de Castelnau and De- ville obtained examples of it at Goyaz during their American travels, and it has recently been described and figured by M. Des Murs in the Ornithology of their Expedition under the name Casiornis typus. Its general structure is very much that of Attila; but the bill is quite short and much more feeble, and the feet are not nearly so strong. * Were it not that M. de Lafresnaye gives ‘“ Colombie”’ as the habitat of his Altila flammulatus, I should be inclined to consider his species the same as this, 42 ¢ 2. My1opYNASTES LUTEIVENTRIS. Tyrannus audazx, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 297. Myiodynastes luteiventris, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxvui. p. 657, et Notes Orn. p. 87 (sine descript.). Similis M. audact ex Amer. merid., sed alis Ug OLS collo an- tico prorsus albo, et abdomine toto cum subalaribus citrino-flavis diversus. Long. tota 8°5, alee 4°5, caudee 3:4. Hab. In Mexico merid., Guatemala, et America centrali. Mus. P.L.S. This is the representative of M. audax in the northern province of the Neotropical region. Examples of it first came under my notice in M. Sallé’s first collection from Vera Cruz, when, although referring it to audax, I noticed the probability of its being really distinct. M. Botteri’s series from Orizaba likewise contained spe- cimens, some of which are now in my possession; and Mr. Skinner has transmitted skins from Guatemala. Prince Bonaparte, in his * Notes Ornithologiques,’ bestowed a couple of new names upon this bird (at least we have no doubt it was this species), without assign- ing any specific characters to it. ‘The examples to which he alludes were from Delattre’s Nicaraguan collection. 3. MyIODYNASTES NOBILIS, sp. nov. Supra ochracescenti-rufus, nigro variegatus ; plumis medialiter nigris, ochracescenti-rufo undique marginatis : erista brevi ver- ticalt interne aurea: loris et macula post-oculari cum striga rictalt nigris: fronte et linea superciliari flavicantibus: alis nigricantibus ; tectricibus ochracescenti-rufo, secundaris albo, primaris rufo extus limbatis : cauda ferruginea, rectricum om- nium parte mediali, scapam marginante, mgra: subtus albus, abdomine et crisso citrino indutis, pectore et lateribus nigro flammulatis: subalaribus citrino-flavis : rostro corneo, mandi- bule inferioris basi alba; pedibus nigris. Long. tota 8°5, alee 4°5, caudee 3°7, rostri a rictu 1°2, tarsi 0°74. Hab. In litt. reipublicee Nov. Grenade in vicinitate urbis S. Marthee. This fine Myiodynastes is a close ally of M. audax and M. lutei- ventris, but is readily distinguishable by its stronger bill, longer tail, which is slightly forked, and the lighter surface of the body below ; this is nearly pure white on the throat and middle of the belly, being rather sparingly flammulated on the breast and sides, which latter parts, along with the crissum, are tinged with yellow. The example of this bird in my own collection was obtained from MM. Verreaux of Paris, and was received from their collector at Santa Martha. The true type of the genus Mien Bp. (a generic term published by the Prince, like many others, without characters, or even the indication of any exact type), was intended, I believe, to have been the Tyrannus audaz, Auct. The name first appeared in 43 print in the ‘Comptes Rendus’ for April 3, 1854, in connexion with M. luteiventris, which I have described above; but it also occurs in the catalogue of birds collected in Cayenne by M. Des- planches* (p. 11), where it is applied to T. audax. 'The division seems a natural one, connecting Pitangus and Tyrannus. I possess specimens of six species, namely— 1. Myiodynastes audax (Gm.): ex Cayenna, Brasil., Nov. Grenad., ins. Trinit., et Peruv. int. 2. Myiodynastes luteiventris. 3. Myiodynastes solitarius (Vieill.), Azara, sp. 1960: ex Brasil. merid. et Paraguaya. 4, Myiodynastes nobilis. 5. Myiodynastes atrifrons (Tyrannus atrifrons, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 274): ex rep. Equat. 6. Myiodynastes chrysocephalus (Tsch. ).—Scaphorhynchus chry- socephalus, Tsch. Faun. Per. pl. 8. fig. 1; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p- 9. The last species has the bill rather more flattened, and leads off towards Scaphorhynchus. 4, CONTOPUS MESOLEUCUS, sp. nov. Obscure cineraceus, olivaceo vie tinctus, pileo alis et cauda nigri- cantibus, secundarws dorso proximis albo extus marginatis : subtus obscure cineraceus, vitta longitudinalt a mento corpus descendente cum ventre toto aldo, flavicante tincto, hypochon- drwis et crisso cineraceo adumbratis : fasciculo plumarum utrin- que ad latera uropygi, alis obtecto, albo : rostro nigro, mandi- _bule inferioris basi flavida: pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°75, alee 4°0, caudee 2°7. Hab. In Mexico meridionali, et in rep. Guatemala (Skinner). This bird is easily recognizable by the creamy-white medial line, _ which passes from the chin to the crissum, expanding greatly on the belly. My examples are from Orizaba, collected by Botteri. Mr. Gould possesses a specimen from Guatemala of the same species. The form is quite typical,—the wings being very long, and the second primary, which is the longest, considerably (by 0°15 inch) exceed- ing the first and third, which are equal. The curious white tufts at the side of the uropygium, covered by the wings, are very notice- able in this species—more so than in my examples of C. borealis. 5. CONTOPUS SORDIDULUS. Obscure cineraceus, tectricum majorum et secundariorum margi- nibus dilutioribus, fere albicantibus : loris albidis: subtus pal- * This little tract is extracted, I believe, from the Mémoires of a learned Society, published at Caen. The only copy I have ever seen was given to me by the author himself in 1857, shortly before his death. In it is established a new genus of Tyrannide—Planchesia—for Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gm. (Pl. Enl. 574. fig. 1) ; and the generic term Syrichtha, the type of which appears to have been unknown to Mr. Gray, is used for Tyrannus curtipes, Sw. 44 lide cinereus, gutture medio albescente, ventre medio et crisso albis: rostri nigri basi inferiore pallida : pedibus ngris. Long. tota 6:0, alee 3°2, caudze 2°5. Hab. In Mexico meridionali et Guatemala. This Contopus much resembles the preceding, but is considerably smaller in its dimensions, of a rather purer cinereous above, and much lighter cinereous below. This colour passes into whitish on the throat, and nearly pure white on the belly and crissum, without showing the continuous white medial stripe, which renders Contopus mesoleucus so noticeable. In structure it is identical with Contopus virens ; but it has no trace of olive on its plumage. I regard Contopus as a very natural division of the Tyrannide, characterized by its long wings and short tarsi. My collection con- tains examples of the following species, which I refer to it :— 1. Contopus borealis (Sw.), Baird, Rep. p. 188.— T. cooperi, Nutt. : ex America bor., Mexico, et Guatemala. 2. Contopus mesoleucus. 3. Contopus sordidulus. : 4, Contopus virens: ex Am. bor., Mex., et Guat. 5. Contopus bogotensis. — Tyrannula bogotensis, Bp. Consp. p. 190: ex Nov. Grenada et rep. Hquat. 6. Contopus ardesiacus (Lafr.).—Tyr. ardesiaca, Lafr. R. Z. 1841, p. 80: ex Nov. Grenad. et rep. Equat. Besides these, I have one bad specimen of a S. American species allied to C. mesoleucus, but which, I have no doubt, is distinct. Near Contopus, must be placed, I think, Prince Bonaparte’s genus Planchesia, referred to above. 6. MirTREPHORUS PHAOCERCUS. ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 302. ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296. Supra fuscescenti-olivaceus ; capitis plumis productis ; alis cauda- que obscure nigricantibus, alarum tectricibus rufescente termi- natis, fasccam duplicem alarem constituentibus, secundariis olivaceo extus marginatis: capitis lateribus et corpore subtus cum subalaribus ferrugineis: rostro inferiore flavo, superiore cum pedibus nigris : remige tertia longissima, secunda quartam equante, prima sextam viz excedente. Long. tota 4°8, alee 2°7, caude 2-4, tarsi 0°52. Hab. In Mexico merid. et in Guatemala. a This little Tyrant was one of several species of this difficult group in M. Sallé’s first collection from Cordova, for which I failed in finding descriptions *. Nor have I been more successful since that time, although I have often had the species under my observation in Empidonax Tyrannula * Although I have examined many specimens of Mexican Tyrannide, I have never succeeded in reconciling any of them to the descriptions given by Mr. Swainson of Platyrhynchus pusillus, Tyrannula affinis, T. obscura, and T. barbi- rostris in his ‘ Synopsis of Mexican Birds.’ Is it possible the present species can be 7. affinis—‘ beneath pale fulvous ” ? - —.' 45 collections received from Mexico and Guatemala, and particularly in M. Sallé’s last collection from Oaxaca, where both sexes again oc- curred ; and in M. Botteri’s series from Orizaba. Finally, I have de- termined on giving a name to the bird, to serve at all events as a temporary designation ; and (rather unwillingly, I must confess) I have felt myself obliged to make a new generic appellation for it, not knowing any recognized section to which it can be strictly re- ferred. It differs in form from Myiodius (or Tyrannula) in its shorter, flatter, and broader beak, with the rictal bristles but slightly developed ; and from EHmpidonaz, to which I was afterwards inclined to refer it, im its much shorter and more slender tarsi and longer wings. J have chosen its name from its slightly-crested head, which gives it rather acapped appearance. A second species of the genus, and near ally, is Giraud’s Muscicapa fulvifrons (Empidonar fulvi- Srons, mihi, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 301), which will stand as Mitrephorus fuloifrons. 7. PYROCEPHALUS MEXICANUS. Pyrocephalus rubineus, Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 18. p. 127; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 296; Baird, Report, p. 201. I believe the Mexican Pyrocephalus, which visits Texas and New Mexico in the summer, and is now included in the ornithology of the United States, is no exception to the general rule, that the species of Tyrannide, as indeed of other families of Insessores, although often closely allied to, and representatives of, southern forms, will, upon strict comparison, be generally found to present essentially distinct characters, sufficient to render it necessary to constitute of them distinct species. Thus we have— In Mexico and Central America, representing in S. America, Muscivora mexicana, Muscivora regia. Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cyclorhynchus olivaceus. Myiobius sulphureipygius, Myiobius barbatus. Mionectes assimilis, Mionectes oleagineus. Mytozetetes texensis, Myiozetetes cayennensis. Myiodynastes luteiventris, Myiodynastes audax. Pitangus derbianus, Pitangus sulphuratus. Scaphorhynchus mexicanus, Scaphorhynchus pitangua. and, when the American Fauna is more completely worked out, many other instances will be found. Indeed, I am inclined to believe that there are very few South American birds, except in the more widely-diffused Accipitres, Gralle, and Anseres, which are really to be met with in Mexico and Central America. My specimens of Pyrocephalus mexicanus differ from the common P. rubineus of Brazil, Cayenne, Guiana, and Trinidad in the hghter shade of the brown colouring and less intense red colour, as well as in the longer bill and generally larger dimensions. In the female of the Mexican bird also the celours are much paler, the fore part of the body below more white, and the belly, instead of being of a full red, is of a pale ochraceous yellow. According to Professor Baird, 46 however, the shade of colouring on the belly of the female varies considerably. The only other species of the genus of which I possess specimens, are P. nanus of Gould, from the western coast of S. America, extend- ing to the Galapagos (which may be recognized by its inferior size, and the broad white edging of the outer rectrix and pale termination of the others); and P. obscurus, Gould, which I cannot help think- ing is a female of a red species. 8. ELAINIA PLACENS. EKlenia ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297. Supra oliwacea, pileo cineraceo, crista interna flava : alis cauda- que obscuris olivaceo extus limbatis : capitis lateribus cum gut- ture albescenti-cinereis, ciliis oculorum albis : abdomine et tec- tricibus subalaribus flavis: rostro nigro, mandibule inferioris basi albida: pedibus obscure carnets. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°7, caudze 2°6, tarsi 0°65. Hab. In Mexico merid. et in Guatemala. This is the only species of true H/ainia which I have yet met with from Mexico, the Elenia texensis of my Mexican lists being strictly a Myiozetetes*, and the Hlenia variegata belonging to a section which I intend to denominate Legatus (type, Legatus albicollis { Vieill.)= Muscicapa legatus, Licht.). M. Sallé has lately kindly sent me for re-examination the specimen of this bird, which I noticed without naming it, in his Cordovan collection ; and I have been thus enabled _to determine its identity with a Guatemalan specimen in the posses- sion of Mr. Gould. The Llainie are very abundant in 8. America ; and I have speci- mens of at least twelve or fourteen species of the genus as restricted, among which I may mention Hlainia pagana (Licht.), #. modesta (Tsch.), H. aldiceps (Lafr. et D’Orb.), #. olivacea (Lafr. et D’Orb.), Ei. lutewventris, mii, £. agilis (Gm.), #. stictoptera, mihi, and ZL. griseigularis, mihi. 9. MIONECTES ASSIMILIS, Sp. nov. Mionectes oleagineus, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 296, nec Licht. Olivacea, alis caudaque fusco-nigricantibus, pallido fulvescenti- viridt extus limbatis: abdomine et tectricibus alarum inferio- ribus fulvis: gutture et cervice cinerascenti-olivaceis : rostri nigrt bast rufescente, pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 5°0, alee 2°7, caudze 2:1, rostri a rictu 0-7. | Hab. In Mexico merid., Cordova (Sailé), et Guatemala (Skinner). Assimilis M. oleagineo, sed statura majore, rostro longiore, et gut- ture et cervice antica cinerascenti-olivaceis distingnendus. * I so correct this name from “‘ Myiozeta, Bp.,”’ as given in Mr. G. R. Gray’s List, p. 146. The name was published in Pr. Bonaparte’s ‘ Conspectus Syste- matis Ornithologie’ (Ann. des Sc. Nat. vol. iv. 1854) without indication of type ; but from specimens in my own collection, marked in the Prince’s own hand- writing, I am enabled to state that this was intended to be Elainia cayennensis, Auct. 47 2. Nores oN THE Habits or THE MYCTERIA AUSTRALIS OR New Houxianp Japiru (Gieantic CRANE oF THE CoLo- Nists). By Greoree BenNeTT. A short time since, I purchased this rare bird, which was brought alive to Sydney from Port Macquarie, and so little being known respecting its habits, I considered the following notes might be in- teresting to the Society. It appears to be a young male, and walks about the yard of the house quite domesticated, making no attempt to fly, nor showing any inclination to leave its domicile. These birds have a wide range over the colony, more particularly about the northern coasts of Australia, and are seen occasionally within the heads and about the sand-banks of the Clarence and Macleay Rivers; they are very difficult of approach, and consequently but few have been obtained, this being the first specimen ever brought alive toSydney. Among the principal residents in the interior, some inform me that they have only seen four, others only one, during a residence of from twenty-five to thirty years in different parts of the colony. In Leichhardt’s Expedition (according to the account of Mr. Murphy, now residing in Sydney) only two were seen; and these could not be approached sufficiently near to be shot. In 1839 a specimen was shot on Hunter’s River, and another on the north shore near Sydney about three years since, both of which were pre- sented to the Australian Museum. The person who shot the last bird had the greatest difficulty in procuring it, from its being so very shy and watchful: he was obliged to follow it for several days in its haunts about the salt-water creeks, until he could get sufficiently near to shoot it, which, being a good marksman, he achieved as soon as he could approach within range. Both these specimens were full- grown males, and in fine and brilliant adult plumage. These birds being so rarely seen, and difficult to procure when seen, are valuable as specimens when dead, and much more so when alive. Many of the residents of the northern districts had seen the bird, but rarely, and at a distance, and were aware how difficult it was to procure them ; but none had ever seen it in captivity before, and it was therefore regarded with great interest. The number of skins of this bird I have seen during my residence of twenty-two years in the colony only amounts to four. The bird is very graceful: its attitudes, and bearing, whether in a state of repose, stalking rapidly, or walking gently over a lawn or yard with its measured, noiseless steps, have a combination of grace and elegance, and it displays an independence of manner that might be expected in a bird so wild and roaming in its habits. It is gentle and good-tempered, soon gets reconciled te captivity, and seems to take pleasure in being noticed and admired, remaining very quiet to be looked at—keeping a bright eye upon the spectator, however, during the time. Although, when first seen, it has an uncouth appearance, from the large size of the mandibles in proportion to the body, yet on a closer acquaintance its manner wins upon you, anda feeling of attachment arises towards it from its placid, tame, domesticated manner, elegance of form, graceful 48 carriage, and beautiful metallic brilliancy of plumage, more espe- cially over the head and neck. This bird had been in captivity four months previous to its arrival in Sydney, having been captured by the blacks. It permits any onie to approach it, only timidly moving away when an attempt is made to touch it. It sometimes stands quite erect, or on one leg, with the other thrown out ; or rests upon the tarsi, like the Emeu and Mooruk, and again upon one leg, with the bill inclined upon the breast. It was very hungry on its arrival at my house, and with the greatest facility devoured 13 lb. of beef cut into small pieces, placed in a tub of water, or caught the meat in the mandibles when thrown to it. It also feeds on fish and reptiles. When the food is hard or gristly, it is rejected from the mandibles after trying to masticate it, — and bruised with the point of the beak until it becomes sufficiently soft to be swaliowed. It feeds generally in the mornings and even- ings ; and although the mandibles look so large, it picks up the smallest object with great readiness, and clatters the mandibles with a loud noise when catching flies. It preens its feathers, and removes any dirt or insects from them very neatiy with the bill, accompanying the action with a degree of ease and grace pleasing to observe. When a tub of water was placed near it, it placed one leg in it; and after drinking, filled its bill with water and threw it out again, as if washing out the mandibles. The eye is very large and remarkably brilliant, and yet imparts to the bird a great docility of expression, making it appear—what it is—an amiable bird, familiar with all around it, liking to court admiration, yet on the watch for any act of aggres- sion. It appears pleased to see any stranger, and evinces but little fear. The horses coming into the yard even close to it, or any noise, does not seem to annoy it ; it only moves gently out of the way. When suddenly startled, it will flap its long and powerful wings as if preparing for flight; and it may be regarded as a bird of flight, the whole bulk of the body being so light in comparison with its powerful organs of volition. This bird is partial to salt-water creeks and lagoons. It is usually seen in such localities on the Hunter, Mac- leay, and Clarence Rivers, which consist, near the entrance and for some miles distant, of salt water with numerous sand-banks, where these birds may be occasionally observed busily engaged in fishing. The beak of this bird is large, broad, conical, and pointed ; the lower mandible is slightly curved upwards; the colour is black. The head ig large, and neck thick; both the head and neck are of a rich deep glossy green, changing when it reaches the occiput into beau- tiful iridescent colours of violet and purple, which, when viewed under a brilliant sunshine or in a changing light, display the irides- cent tints in a most brilliant manner, shining with a metallic efful- gence equal to that seen in the Peacock. The greater wing-coverts, scapularies, lower part of the back and tail, dark brown mixed with rich bluish green, which changes in the adult to a rich glossy green tinged with a golden lustre. The smaller wing-coverts, lower. part of the neck and back, and upper part of the breast white speckled with ashy brown, which becomes white in the adult; lower part of 49 the breast, thighs, and inner part of the wings white. Eyes brilliant, and dark hazel in colour. ‘The legs are blackish with a dark tinge of red, becoming in the adult of a bright red colour, which, as I have been informed, when the bird flies with the legs stretched out, looks like a long red tail. The legs are usually dirty with excremental matter, imparting to them a white appearance, so that the natural colour is seldom seen, except when they just emerge from the water. It is a large feeder, and these birds must consume, in their native haunts, a great quantity of fishes and reptiles. It measures 3 feet 10 inches to the top of the head, and is not yet full-grown ; they are said to attain 4 to5 feet in height. It is shy in disposition and diffi- cult of approach in its wild state; this can readily be supposed when it is observed in captivity ; for although very docile and readily tamed, still the keen, watchful eye appears always upon you, with a brilliant and piercing look, which causes a feeling of the impossibility of escaping its penetrating glance. Its feeding-grounds and places of rest being about sand-pits, sand-banks, and exposed morasses near the sea-coasts, it is impossible to approach this wary bird without being seen. The first evening it was at my house, seeking for a roosting place, it walked imto the hall, gazed at the gas-lamp which had just been lighted, and then proceeded to walk up-stairs, but not hking the ascent, quietly walked down again and returned into the yard, and afterwards went to roost in the coach-house between the carriages, to which place it now retires regularly every evening soon after dark. It is always observed to face the sun, and moves about the yard, following the course of that luminary ; it may always be found in that part of the yard where the sun is shining, and with the face invariably towards it. When hungry, it follows the cook about (who usually feeds it); and if she has neglected its food, looks into the kitchen as if to remind her of the neglect, and waits quietly, but with a searching eye, during the time the meat is cutting up, until it is fed. It is amusing to observe this bird catch flies: he remains very quiet, as if asleep, and ona fly passing him, it is snapped up in his beak in an instant. ‘The only time I observed any manifestation of anger in him was when the “ Mooruks”’ were introduced into the yard where he was parading about: these rapid, fussy, noisy birds running about his range excited his indignation ; for on their coming near him, he slightly elevated the brilliant feathers of the head, the eyes became very brilliant, he ruffled his feathers, and clattered his mandibles as if about to try their sword-like edge upon the intruding ** Mooruks ;”” buthis anger subsided with these demonstrations, except an occasional flapping of his powerful wings. One day, however, on one of the ‘‘ Mooruks”’ approaching too near him, he seized it’ with his mandibles by the neck, on which the ‘‘ Mooruk”’ ran away and did not appear in any way injured. No. 387.—PrRocrEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 50 3. List or MAMMALS AND Brrps COLLECTED BY Mr. JOSEPH LEYLAND IN Honpuras, BEetizE, AND GUATEMALA. By Tuomas J. Moort, KreererR oF THE Dersy MusevM, LIVERPOOL. (Aves, Pl. CL., CLI.) The collection, of which the following is a list, was made in 1855— 56 by Mr. Joseph Leyland, successor to Mr. Mather, a well-known naturalist of this town. Mr. Leyland collected chiefly in the district of Omoa, but occasionally visited Belize, and in one instance pro- ceeded as far as Lake Peten in Guatemala, in order to obtain the Meleagris ocellata. In addition to the free use of his collection, he has kindly furnished me with observations on the habits of many of the species. I am much indebted to Mr. Sclater for naming the Dendrocolap- tine, Formicarine, and others indicated by his initials (P. L. 8.) placed after them. : MAMMALIA. 1. CycLoTHURUS DIDACTYLUs (Linn.). ‘‘ Night Walker.” Chilomo River. Not common, or at any rate, owing to their nocturnal habits, not often seen, being principally met with in the early morning. The Spanish residents say they feed on bananas, in search of which they frequent the gardens. Mr. Leyland had a mother and young alive for a short period; but being kept in a box, he had no opportunity of noticing their habits, beyond the fact of the young one continu- ally nestling under the belly of its parent ; but he did not observe that it clung to her. 2. ScIURUS BOOTHIA, Gray, Voy. Sulph. pl. 13. f. 1. Common about Omoa; leave the trees when hunted or shot at, and take to their heels on the ground, where they are otherwise often met with. There is some variation in different examples of this species: of three specimens in the Derby Museum, collected by Mr. Leyland, one has a decided black longitudinal stripe on the sides, dividing the mottled brown and black colour of the upper from the pure white of the under part; in the second this is absent; and in the third a broad rufous band extends across the chest, while the hairs of the tail are much more sparingly tipped with white than in the other two.—(T. J. M.) 3. SCIURUS MOLLiPILOsus, Aud. & Bachm. Quad. N. Amer. pl. 19. p. 157. Omoa. Rare ; shy, frequenting the bush and smaller trees. bla tal a ga Or pl 4. GALERA BARBARA (Linn.). Pine Ridges of Belize. Go in troops of fifteen or twenty ; frequenting trees, to which they betake themselves when hunted by dogs, and are thus easily shot. 5. LuTra ? From a river to the west of Comayagua. 6. Leoparpus onca (Linn.). Omoa and Belize, occasionally. 7. Leoparpus PaRDALIS? (Linn.). Imperfect skins of one, if not two species of Ocelot, were obtained from muleteers, who brought them from the interior of Honduras. They were not observed near Omoa. 8. VULPES ——. An imperfect skin of a small Fox from Comayagua, closely allied to the V. Azare. In addition to the Mammals enumerated above from skins brought home by Mr. Leyland, he mentions the following :—' LEOPARDUS CONCOLOR, met with occasionally near Comayagua. DICOTYLES TORQUATUS, common in troops of sixteen or eighteen near Omoa. TAPIRUS AMERICANUS, called the Mountain Cow, frequents swamps in the district of Omoa. Cervus (Carracus /) ——? ? Cervus (Coassvs?) Lerus ? Met with occasionally at Omoa. Dasypus eeBA. One specimen seen near Comayagua ; they are spoken of by the natives as occasionally to be obtained, and are “esteemed by them as articles of food. Avrs*. 1. GyparcHus PAPA (Linn.). Specimens were procured at Omoa and from the mountains oF San * CATHARTES AURA? (Linn.). Frequent in the more secluded parts of the district of Omoae CATHARTES ATRATUS ? (Bartham). Occurs in great numbers about Omoa. Mr. Leyland did not bring home specimens of the above. 52 Pedro. Single adult birds often seen in flocks of the Black Vulture (Cathartes atratus), more rarely two. They are not common about Omoa; but are more frequently seen in the less inhabited districts in the centre of Vera Paz frequenting the higher regions. -2. HERPETOTHERES CACHINNANS (Linn.). Omoa. Tolerably abundant. They have a peculiarly shrill ery, which may be heard for miles, beginning before daybreak, subsiding during the day, but heard again in full force at evening, and continuing till long after sunset. 3. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (Linn.). Omoa. Rare ; flies high, chasing smaller birds. 4. RosTRHAMUS SOCIABILIS (Vieillot). Peten. Rare ; only two seen, which were shot among the trees bordering the Lake. 5. SpizaiTus ornatTus (Daudin). From Porto Caballos, near Omoa. Rare; shot only two specimens: these were met with in a very solitary place, and sat so quietly on the tree that it was necessary to move back to shoot them. The crop of one was full, and contained small reptiles. 6. URUBITINGA ANTHRACINA (Nitzsch). Omoa. Rare. 7. CYMINDIS CAYENNENSIS (Gm.). Honduras. Rare ; shot only one specimen, which was met with in the San Pedro Mountains. 8. ASTURINA MAGNIROSTRIS (Latham). Omoa. Common. Prey on mice. 9. PHAROMACRUS PARADISEUS, Bp. (Calurus resplendens, Gould.) The specimens in Mr. Leyland’s collection, and all seen by him, were stated to be from Quezaltenango in the State of Guatemala. He did not meet with them himself. A common method of pro- curing these and other birds is by stunning them with clay pellets blown from light tubes of 8 or 10 feet in length. PS JO 10. TroGon MASSENA, Gould. Omoa and San Pedro. These birds are met with in pairs; they are very active, making a chattering noise, varied occasionally by a great outcry. 11. Trogon caxtigcatus, Gould. Omoa. Rare; saw only one, which was very shy. 12. TROGON MELANOCEPHALUS, Gould. Omoa. Found in pairs ; not so noisy as the 7’. massena. 13. CERYLE TORQUATA. Peten and Omoa. 14. CeRYLE aLcyon (L.). Omoa. 15. CERYLE AMERICANA (Gm.). Old River, Belize. 16. CerRYLE AMAZONA (Gm.). Omoa. 17. CERYLE SUPERCILIOSA (Linn.). Lake Peten. None of the above species appeared to be common. 18. GALBULA MELANOGENIA, Sclater. An extremely solitary bird ; frequents the deep ravines overhung with trees, on the road from Omoa to Comayagua, the only place where the species was observed. They feed on insects, have a quick darting flight, and utter no cry. When disturbed, they fly at once to the bush, and not, like many other birds, to the open country. 19. Caresa Lucipa, Sclater & Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 14. Omoa. Common. 20. KUGENES FULGENS (Swains.). Guatemala. 21. FLORISUGA MELLIVORA. Belize. 22, CAMPYLOPTERUS DELATTRIi (Less. ). Guatemala. 54 23. CHRYSOLAMPIS MoscHITUS (L.) ? Omoa. 24. Momortus tessont, Lesson. Omoa. Common ; found always in solitary places, never coming very near the towns. They frequent the low bushes in swampy places, in which it is very difficult to discover them till they betray their pre- sence by their call. Found sometimes in pairs, but generally singly. Mr. Leyland, from frequent observation of the living birds, is strongly of opinion that the denudation of the middle rectrices is eaused by the birds themselves. 25. HyLOMANES MOMOTULA, Licht. Omoa. | Very rare. Leyland saw only the one specimen, which he pro- cured ; it was very shy. 26. EUMOMOTA SUPERCILIARIS (Jard. & Selby): Sclater, P.Z.S. 1858, p. 257. Omoa. Found chiefly in swampy places, about the Chilomo River, on a kind of Sycamore tree very bare of leaves. They are there more plentiful than in the neighbourhood of Omoa itself, where they are rare. They are shy and difficult of approach; but have a very peculiar cry or whistle, not so loud as piercing, by means of which you may ultimately discover them hiding behind the foliage. 27. DENDROCOLAPTES SANCTI THOMA, Lafr. (P. L.S.). Dense forests in the district of Omoa; also found at Belize. i 28. PIcOLAPTES Omoa. 29. DENDROCINCLA ANABATINA, Sclater, sp. nov. (Pl. CL.) Supra olivaceo-brunnea, nucha rufescente variegata: alis extus lete rufis, tectricibus dorso concoloribus, sed harum marginibus obscurtoribus : primariorum ef secundartorum vitta lata termi- nali nigra: cauda rufa unicolore: subtus dilutior, gutture flavicantiore et striolis indistinctis notata, crisso rufescentiore : rostro albicanti-corneo, pedibus obscure corylinis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°4, caudee 2°7, rostri a fronte 0°85. Omoa, | ex. This curious species might be mistaken for an Anabates were it not for its stiff spiny tail. In its bill it more resembles some birds of the latter genus than any Dendrocolaptine. For the present Iam content to place it in the genus Dendroeincla, to which it appears to be more nearly allied than to any other section of the group. (P. L.S.) 5d 30. GYMNOCICHLA NuUDICcEPs, Selater, P. Z. 5. 1858, p. 274 (Pealays:). Omoa. Rare ; saw only two or three, and those only at Omoa. They frequent the thickets, and make a noise like the breaking of small twigs. The head of this specimen is only partially bald, but it otherwise agrees with G. nudiceps. 31, ForMIcIvORA BOUCARDI, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 27 9 (P. L.8.). Omoa. Solitary ; found in thickets. ‘‘ Above blackish cinereous ; large concealed interscapular spot, small round spots at the tips of the lesser wing-coverts, and larger spots at the tips of the greater wing- coverts, and ends of tail-feathers white ; under-surface chestnut.” 32. CERCOMACRA TYRANNINA, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 245 (P. L.S.). : Belize. Solitary, and found as the preceding, in thickets. Does not seem to differ from New Granadian specimens. 33. SIURUS AURICAPILLUS (Linn. ). Omoa. Not common ; found on brambles in the flats and marshes, gene- rally im pairs. 34. TuRDUS MUSTELINUS, Gmelin. Omoa. Not common; found solitary in the thickets. 35. Mimus cracitis, Cab. (P.L.S8.). Belize. Common ; not found near Omoa. Very shy ; its mocking powers, if it have any, are not striking. 36. MELANOPTILA GLABRIROSTRIS, Sclater, P. 4. S. 1857, p. 279. Omoa. 37. TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS, Vieill. Omoa. 38. TYRANNUS INTREPIDUS, Vieill. Omoa, Migratory ; arrives in flocks of two or three hundred, and stays only a short time before departing south. Very wild, and flies high. 39. MILVULUS TYRANNUS (Linn.). ‘Frequents the Old River and pine ridges of Belize ; plentiful on the 56 flats near Peten ; and occasionally found at Comayagua and Omoa, at which last place at least it is migratory. 40. Mytozeretes TEXENsIs (Giraud.) (P. L.S.). Omoa. 41. Piranecus DERBIANUS (Kaup). Belize and Omoa. Common ; always in motion, darting after sects. 42. MYIODYNASTES LUTEIVENTRIS, Sclater, anted, p. 42. Peten. Rather rare, frequenting high trees. 43, PyROCEPHALUS MEXICANUS, Sclater, antea, p. 45. Common on the flats near Peten, and found on the pine ridges near Belize. These birds have a singular habit of spinning round and round on the wing, and then dropping suddenly with wings loose and flutter- ing as though shot, apparently done for amusement. They lay three or four light-coloured eggs in a small nest composed of light grass and lined with cottony materials. 44, Muscivora MEXICANA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295. Mr. Leyland shot, but did not bring home, a single specimen of a bird at Chilomo, which he believes to have belonged to this species. He met with it sitting on a bough in a solitary ravine; the crest was so little elevated as, though the bird allowed him to approach closely, not to be observed till after it was shot. Though he searched care- fully, he did not succeed in meeting with another specimen. 45. Trryra personata (Jard. & Selby). Pine ridges, Belize. Common. These are quiet, inactive birds, sitting quietly perched on the broken limbs of the pines ; they are found in company with the Provident Woodpeckers. 46. Tiryra ALBITORQUES, Du Bus. Psaris Fraseri, Kaup. Peten. Rare. 47. PACHYRAMPHUS POLYCHROPTERUS (Vieill.). Omoa, close to the town. Much smaller than the Brazilian bird. 48. Manacus canpai (Parzudaki) 9°. Peten. a7 49. CYANOCITTA CRASSIROSTRIS, Bp. Old River, Belize. Migratory. 50. CyYANOCORAX GUATEMALENSIS (Bp.). Omoa. Not common, migratory, arriving in October and making only a short stay. They are shy, noisy, and restless, going in flocks of five or six. 51. PstnorHinus mortio (Licht.). Omoa and Belize. Very common, in small flocks ; very noisy, and annoys the hunter by quickly giving an alarm. Mr. Leyland brought home no samples of this species, but iden- tifies it from specimens in the Derby Collection. 52. THAMNOPHILUS DOLIATUS 2, Linn. Omoa. 53. THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould? Omoa, in the thick bush. Differs from the figure (P. Z. 8. 1855, Aves, pl. 83) in having two distinct white bars on the greater wing-coverts, and the tips of the smaller coverts also white. 54. OcyaLus WAGLERI (G. R. Gray). Chilomo. 55. CACICUS MONTEZUMA, Less. Omoa. Common ; resorts to the mountains and high forest trees in com- pany with the Toucans. 56. CassicULUS PREVOSTI (Less.). Omoa and Peten. 57. HypHANTES BALTIMORENSIS (Linn.). A single specimen, adult, shot on one of the Keys or small islands between Omoa and Belize. 58. CassipIx ORYZIVORA (Gm.). Chilomo. Frequents the corn fields in great numbers ; are very good eating. 59. CASSIDIX CRASSIROSTRIS (Swains.) ? Omoa. Common. 38 60. QuISCALUS MAJOR, Vieill. Omoa. 61. IcrERUS MESOMELAS, Licht. Omoa. 62. IcrERUS MELANOPTERUS, Hartl. Omoa. Migratory. 63. IcrERUS PROSTHEMELAS, Strickland (P. L. S.). Comayagua. Common. 64. STURNELLA HIPPOCREPIS, Wagl. ? Rather common on the pine ridges near the town of Mexico, four- teen or fifteen miles from Belize. 65. AGELZUS PHENICEUS (Linn.)? Peten, rather common; Belize, rarer. During a month’s stay at Peten these birds were never seen in larger flocks than three or four, and sometimes singly. They keep to the neighbourhood of rivers and swamps, darting among the rushes, in which they are difficult to discover till they rise again. Somewhat smaller than the United States’ birds, as pointed out (P. Z. 8.1857, p. 205) ; the dimensions of the male specimen being as follows :—Total length 8'-0"; wings 41’; tail 33’; the bill is somewhat longer, measuring an inch from the tip to the termination of the cuimen. 66. Spiza ciris (Linn.). Omoa; Old River of Belize; Peten. Nowhere common. 67. HEDYMELES LUDOVICIANUS (Linn.). Omoa. Rare. 68. SALTATOR GRANDIS (Licht.). Omoa. Common. 69. SALTATOR ATRICEPS, Less. Omoa. Not common. 70. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS RUBICOIDES (Lafr.). Found on the high road from Omoa to Chilomo, in flocks of three or four ; not common. 29 71. RAMPHOCELUS PASSERINH, Bp. Omoa. Common all through the year; occurs sparely at Duck Run, forty or fifty miles up the Old River of Belize; but neither this nor the following is met with in the intervening country. 72. RAMPHOCELUS SANGUINOLENTUS (Less.). Omoa and Peten. Restless and timid. Not common: migratory. 73. TANAGRA DIACONUS, Less. Omoa, Peten, and Belize. Common. 74. TANAGRA VICARIUS, Legs. Omoa, Peten, and Belize. Common. 75. ARA ARACANGA (Gmel.). Honduras, generally distributed. Very common near Omoa, where six or eight pairs may be seen of an evening flying from their feeding haunts to their roosting places. 76, CHRYSOTIS AUTUMNALIS, Linn. Omoa. Occasionally met with. 77. CHRYSOTIS ? Omoa. 78. CONURUS ASTEC, Souancé. Common near Belize River and the pine ridges, in small flocks of sixteen or twenty. Not found near Omoa. 79. RAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Sw. Honduras. Very common ; confine themselves generally to the tops of the very highest trees, so as mostly to be beyond gun shot. 80. PrrroGLossus TorquATUS, Wagler. Honduras. Not common ; make a screeching whistle ; found in larger num- bers and on lower branches than the preceding ; restless and shy. 81. CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS, Sw. Omoa. Common in flocks, feeding en ticks of cattle, sheep, and goats. 60 82. PIAYA MEXICANA (Sw.). Peten and Omoa. Rather common, but very shy. 83. DIPLOPTERUS EXCELLENS, Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1857, p. 228 (Paes. San Pedro, Honduras. Rare. 84. CENTURUS PUCHERANI, Malherbe (P. L.S.). Common near the town of Omoa. Very lively and restless ; scarcely ever still, flying from tree to tree. Shy, secreting them- selves behind the boughs when approached. 85. CENTURUS SANTACRUZI, Bp. (P. L.S.). Omoa. Rarer than the preceding. 86. Dryocopus scaruLaRis, Vigors (P. L. S.). Omoa. Common. May be heard for half a mile pecking at the trees, and may readily be mistaken for a woodman felling timber ; their strokes are slower and more deliberate than those of the smaller kinds ; _ they frequent the large timber. 87. MELANERPES FORMICIVORUS (Swains.), Cassin, Ill. Birds Californ. pl. 2. Pine ridges of Belize and Chilomo; move plentiful at the former than at the latter. These interesting birds carry on their provident habit of picking holes in the bark of the pines for the storing of acorns at the ex- pense of the pines themselves, most of the trees dying after the acorns are extracted. 88. CHLORONERPES YUCATANENSIS, Cabot. The specimens from Honduras and Guatemala seem nearly inter- mediate between the Mexican C. eruginosus and the more southern C. rubiginosus.—(P. L. S.) 89. CELEUS CASTANEUS (Wagl.). Picus badioides, Less. Omoa. Not common ; frequent the smaller timber; appear to feed on insects creeping on the surface of the trees; and not to chip the bark for those beneath. 90. CHLORONERPES SANGUINOLENTUS, Scl., sp. n. (PI. CXLL). Olivascenit-brunneus: pileo coccineo: dorso toto aurescente, 6] colore sanguineo perfuso: alarum superficie inferiore nigri- cante, albo tessellata : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:8, alee 3-4, caudee 2°6. Omoa. Rare ; frequents smaller and denser bushes than the preceding. Pex. This apparently unnamed Chloronerpes is closely allied to C. olea- gineus of Mexico and C. fumigatus of 8. America, but distinguished by its blood-stained back and smaller size.—(P. L.S.) 91. ConuMBA LEUCOCEPHALA, Linn. ; Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 54. This species was observed only on the islets or keys between Omoa and Belize; they fly in flocks from island to island, but were not met with on the mainland. 92. LepipoENas speciosa, Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 54. Columba speciosa, Gmel. Peten, where they are domesticated, becoming very tame. 93. MELOpPELIA LEUCOPTERA, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 81. Columba leucoptera, Linn. Omoa. Not common. 94. SCARDAFELLA INCA, Bp. San Pedro (Honduras) and Peten. Common, in flocks with Chamepelia rufipennis. 95. PERISTERA CINEREA (Temm.). Omoa. Rare. 96. CHAMHPELIA. RUFIPENNIS (Gray). San Pedro (Honduras) and Peten. Common, in flocks. 97. Crax ALECTOR, Linn. ? Common in Peten, and on the ridges of Chilomo ; not so shy as many birds, being apparently too bewildered, when it finds itself discovered, to take to immediate flight. 98, PENELOPE PURPURASCENS, Wagler. Gieanings from the Men. & Av. Knowsley, a Il. Honduras. Generally distributed. 62 99. ORTALIDA VETULA (Wagler) ? Found plentifully near Omoa. Very noisy and pugnacious. Being very good eating, they are much sought after by the Spanish residents, and the eggs and young taken and placed under hens. The home-reared ones remain do- mesticated and are masters of the poultry, their lightness of wing enabling them to buffet the cocks so effectually as to become masters of the field. 100. MELEAGRIS OCELLATA, Temm. Formerly these birds descended the Old River towards Belize ; as the country has become more occupied, they have retired further to the interior, and are now only sparely met with about half-way from Belize to Peten; beyond Peten they are more plentiful. Three wild birds were observed in the summer of 1856 by Mr. Burns, ma- hogany-cutter, residing at the Boom on the Old River, some thirty miles from the town of Belize. They came to the river, near his house, to drink, but took to flight before they could be secured ; they had not previously been seen in the neighbourhood for many years. They are extremely shy, and keep to the thick woods, except when they go to the outskirts to feed. When thus occupied, their heads may just be discerned above the grass; but should they see any one a mile off, they become alarmed and retreat to the woods. The Spaniards shoot them by night during the pairing time in March, when they betray themselves by their cries while at roost. Their flesh is most delicious eating. The wild cocks tread the hen Tur- keys of the residents at Peten, the produce being a very fine cross. The wild race is called the Pavo del Monte by the Spanish residents, and the domestic race the Pavo Real. 101. Ornryx LeyvLanp1, Moore, sp. nov. General colour wood-brown; crest short, brown, darker at the . tips; ear-coverts brown; chin black, each feather longitudinally striped with white; stripe above and another below the eye cream colour, bordered posteriorly with black ; nape chestnut ; an irregular band of black feathers spotted on each web with white surrounds the neck ; interscapulium minutely barred with black and brown; back black, each feather having three narrow rufous bands ; rump and upper tail-coverts mottled with black and wood-brown, and banded and tipped with white. Breast, belly, sides, and under tail-coverts rich brown, with prominent irregularly oval white spots bordered with black. Tail ash-brown, with four or five irregular bands of whitish. Primaries ash-brown ; secondaries the same, but freckled on the outer webs; tertiaries rich chestnut-brown, largely blotched with black, banded and tipped with white, with which colour the inner webs are broadly edged. Bill small and black. Feet greyish horn-colour. Total length 65 inches, wings 32, tail 2, bill to end of gape 74, tarsi 1, middle toe and claw 14. 63 The specimen from which the above description is taken was the only one seen. It was shot as it sprang from the long grass at Flores on the road from Omoa to Comayagua. The species is dedicated to its discoverer, Mr. Leyland. Its nearest ally is O. parvicristata, Gould, of New Granada; but it is much darker below. 102. Ortyx NIGROGULARIS, Gould. Found in the pine ridges of Belize in flocks of six or eight. Shy, but do not take readily to the wing; on the contrary, they run together and try to escape by running. 103. Trnamus masor (Gm.)? Ground Partridge of the English mahogany-cutters. Omoa. Common throughout the district ; also met with, but more rarely, at Belize. They lay their eggs about eight or ten in number in a slight de- pression scratched in the angles formed by the projecting buttress- like roots of the mahogany trees. They are very shy, and when they find themselves discovered, they try to hide by diving their heads amongst the brambles. [This is one of the large Tinamous allied to 7. major, remarkable for the roughness of the plates on the back of the tarsus, whence Cabanis has called them Trachypelmus. It is coloured very much like T. major of Brazil and 7. subcristatus of Guiana, but will pro- bably prove ultimately to be distinct.—-P. L. 8.] 104. CHarapDRIvUs VocIreRuws, Linn. Omoa. Common ; arrive with the autumnal gales. 105. HopLoprervs CAYANUS, Lath. Aloor River, Honduras. 106. TiGRISOMA BRASILIENSE (Linn.). Barking Garling of the mahogany-cutters. Common in rivers ‘and swamps at Aloor River and Omoa, at which last place it remains throughout the year. 107. Nycricorax GARDENT (Gmel.). Omoa, common ; Peten. A specimen collected by Mr. Dyson of Nycticoraxr violaceus (Linn.) is in the Derby Collection, and labeled ‘* Honduras. » 108. Fuoripa ca#RuLea (Linn.). Common in the rivers near Omoa, and on the neighbouring beach; also met with at Belize. 109. BuroripEes virescens (Linn.). Swamps of Belize and Omoa. 64 110. GaARZzETTA CANDIDIsstma ? (Gm.}. Chilomo river. In flocks of ten or twelve. 111. Limosa Fepoa (Linn.). Belize. Common. 112. GALLINAGO wILson1, Temm. Omoa. Common. 113. FuLicA AMERICANA, Gmel. Chilomo. Rare. 114. Aramus scoLopaceus (Gmel.) ? Clucking Hen of the mahogany-cutters. Common at Belize River and the rivers about Omoa. 115. ARAMIDES CAYANENSIS (Gm.). Omoa. Not common. Make a peculiar noise more like that of a qua- druped than a bird. 116. CorETHRURA CAYENNENSIS (Gm.) ? Omoa. Not common. Run like Quails; make a shrill whistle like that of the Tinamoo, for which its cry may easily be mistaken; keeps to the bush. 117. PoRPHYRIO MARTINICA (Linn.). On the lagoons near Peten. Continually on the move, running with their wings expanded to lessen their pressure on the floating leaves, which they only hghtly touch, being generally insufficient to support even their slight weight. The young when yet unfledged accompanying their parents on the water, and are very expert. 118. Parra GymMnostoma, Wagl. Very common at Belize and Peten ; less so at Omoa, arriving there about September. Habits similar to those of the preceding species; the young fol- lowing the old birds nearly as soon as hatched. The males assist the females in rearing the young; they are very pugnacious and bold in their defence, and will approach an intruder within a yard or two, uttering loud cries. 119. PreRocyANEA piscors (Linn.). Omoa, arriving with the periodical northerly winds in October, in 65 flocks of two or three hundreds, and remaining a month or so. As the swamps dry up, they retire to the neighbouring rivers, where a few remain to breed. They also occur at Belize. 120. Carrina moscHaTa (Linn.). Peten, rare ; Chimalacon and Aloor Rivers, Honduras, common, and probably breed there. Roost on trees and seldom seen on the water. 121. QUERQUEDULA CAROLINENSIS (Gmel.). Aloor River, Honduras. 122. PopiLyMBUS CAROLINENSIS (Lath.). One shot at Lake Peten. Dived on being alarmed, and continued to do so, giving some trouble to secure it. 123. PLotus anuinGa, Linn. Peten. Found singly or in parties of two or three with the following, perching on the same trees, but on higher branches ; very wild. 124. PHALACRACORAX MEXICANUS (Brandt.). Peten. In flocks of several hundreds ; stretched in long rows on the mar- gin of the islands of the lake. On approaching in a canoe they dive together, rise again quickly, and retreat, spread out in a long line abreast. 125. Larus —— Belize. Liverpool, Jan. 10th. 4, On a Species OF EOLIS, AND ALSO A SPECIES OF LOMANOTUS NEW TO SCIENCE ; WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIMEN oF Eouis C@&RULEA OF Montacu. By WiiiiAM THOMPSON. COMMUNICATED BY Dr. J. E. Gray. My dredging labours in Weymouth Bay have again been rewarded by the acquisition of two new species of the Nudibranchs, and by the rediscovery of one of Montagu’s lost species. This last acquisi- tion is very pleasing to me, believing, as I do, that all the species described by Montagu still exist. On a former occasion I was for- tunate enough to obtain his Thecacera pennigera. The species described in this paper I was anxious should not rest on my sole authority ; added to which, I was not sufficiently versed in their anatomy to give an equally full description with those in the No. 388.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 66 valuable work on the Nudibranchs published by the Ray Society. After I had taken my notes, I accordingly despatched them to Messrs. Alder and Hancock, who have kindly placed their descrip- tions at my disposal, and, in the interest of zoological science, I use their descriptions in preference to my own. EOLIS ADELAIDA, mihi, ». sp. ‘* Body nearly half an inch long, slender, tapering to a fine point behind, pellucid orange-red. Dorsal tentacles moderately long, smooth, tapering, divergent, and set a little apart at the base ; orange- red with yellow tips, and a pale line down the back of each, termi- nating im a clear oval spot on each side behind the tentacles, on which the minute eyes are placed. Oral tentacles a little shorter than the dorsal pair, and of the same colour, the pale line on their sur- face also extending backward to the clear spot. Branchie elliptical, inflated, of the same colour as the body, a little deeper towards the top, apices white; the central gland is yellowish, rather wide, and irregularly folliculated or lobated; they are arranged in twelve or thirteen rather distant transverse rows of three or four papillee each, commencing a little behind the tentacles, and divided by a narrow space down the back; the papille nearest the dorsal ridge are the largest and the most inflated. Foot pellucid, slightly tinged with orange-red, linear, narrow, tapering gradually to a point a little beyond the branchize behind, truncated im front, with the angles rounded off. “This species most nearly approaches Lolis far ranni, Ald. & Han., from which it differs in colour, and in the number and form of its papillee, which are broader towards the apex. The spawn also dif- fers, forming a narrower coil, with the free margin undulated.” Hab. i obtained two specimens by dredging in six fathoms water in Weymouth Bay; the first, which was white in colour, I obtained in September 1854, and the second specimen was obtained in the following month. The colour of the last was orange-red ; and this is described by Messrs. Alder and Hancock as the typical example. In each case the Holis was feeding on Plumularia. The difference in the colour here shown is a further evidence of the puerility of considering mere colour as a test of species in the lower animals. I have named this lovely Nudibranch in memory of a little daughter, whose love for zoology, and retentive memory on the See pro- maieed much. EoLis CHRULEA, Mont. sp. Doris cerulea, Mont. Linn. Trans. vil. 78. pl. 7. f. 4, 3 ** Body half an inch long, slender, nearly linear, eae to a fine point behind, of a pale pellucid green. Head small, very short, and rounded in front, with a dark mark in front of the dorsal tentacles, caused by the buccal mass. Dorsal tentacles long, slightly tapermg, — tinged with green and speckled with opake yellow; points rather obtuse and spreading; bases closely approximating, with the eyes close to their outer margins. Oral tentacles greenish, very short 67 and delicate. Branchie fusiform, almost linear, stoutish, moderately long; central gland not quite so wide as the sheath, irregularly fol- heulated and granulated, green below and dark blue above; outer surface of the papille above pale blue, below pale green; a few yellow freckles in front ; tips strongly capped with rich orange-red, banded below with a rim of bright yellow: the extreme points are colourless and pellucid; they are arranged in ten transverse, rather distant rows of five or six papille in each row; the four anterior rows are rather closer together than the rest, and are divided from them by a widish space; the front row contains only two papillee, placed as far forward as the dorsal tentacles. Foot tinged with green, narrow, slightly lobated in front, with the lateral angles con- siderably produced and rather obtuse.”’ This interesting individual was dredged by me in Weymouth Bay, on a rough bottom in six fathoms water, and sent to Mr. Albany Hancock in the latter part of September 1858. In the note accom- panying this description, Messrs. Alder and Hancock remark, that “‘as Montagu’s description of this very beautiful species is exceed- ingly short and incomplete, and as no one appears to have captured it since his time, it has been thought desirable to redescribe it. How- ever, there can be no doubt that this is Montagu’s species, and its rediscovery, which is due to Mr. Thompson, of Weymouth, is of great interest.” LOMANOTUS PORTLANDICUS, mihi, n. sp. ** Body upwards of an inch and three-quarters long, depressed, quadrilateral, tapering a little backwards, pellucid white, tinged with brownish yellow on the back, in front pale orange-red. Head rounded in front, covered with a distinct veil, bearing on each side two rather long tentacular processes, the outer ones the longer. Tentacles set well forward and placed apart, elliptical, tapering to a pretty fine produced and truncated apex; closely laminated on the upper portion, which is of a pale yellowish colour, with numerous fine laminze much inclined backwards and downwards, and divided in front by a narrow line; the lower portion, colourless and smooth, is contained within a tall, narrow sheath, of an orange-red colour above, with the margins divided into six finely-pointed filaments, those in front shortest. The sides of the back are produced into wide pallial margins, which, commencing in front of the bases of the tentacular sheaths, are continuous behind the termination of the tail ; these margins are deeply and symmetrically undulated, forming on each side four loops, which meet along the medio-dorsal line, and are _ fringed with numerous short, pointed, orange-red papillee tipped with white ; the papillee die out towards the tail, and are reduced in size on the part of the loop next the foot. Foot white, with the margins nearly parallel, obtusely pointed behind, in front bilobed and deeply grooved, with the anterior lamima notched in the centre ; the lateral angles much produced and recurved.” { obtaimed this species on two occasions. The first One was _ obtained by me whilst dredging in Weymouth Bay, on the 15th of 68 December 1855, and the second specimen in the same month of the following year. Both these individuals, as soon as I had completed my notes, I sent to Mr. Hancock, who received them in good con- dition, and who, in conjunction with Mr. Alder, I am happy to say, has made drawings of all the species described in this paper,—I trust, in order to enrich, at an early period, another number of their ad- - mirable work on the Nudibranchiate Mollusca. Mr. Hancock sug- gests for this species the specific name of fimbriata; but, whilst admitting the propriety of the name, I trust he will fall in with my wish of identifying the district in which it was first taken. I would here remark the irregular appearance of some of the Nudi- branchs. Two species of Doris, formerly obtainable in Weymouth Bay in moderate abundance, are now scarce; Holis papillosa, at one time very abundant, is now represented by an occasional specimen : these are all tidal species. Holis coronata and landsburgi were never very plentiful, and are not less scarce than formerly; but far different is it with Polycera 4-lineata and Antiopa cristata. Some three years since, we could obtain a dozen of each of these species any day—I have seen three in one net (both these species appear to be gregarious) ; whilst during the whole of the past summer my cap- tures have not exceeded half a dozen of both species for the whole year. The dearth was occasioned by the severe winter we had some few years since, and which also destroyed many fish, and rendered Adamsia palliata very rare. 5. DESCRIPTION OF SiX HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF Bats. By Rospert F. Tomes. - 1. SCOTOPHILUS MICRODON, N.S. The present species is one having the same subgeneric characters as the common Pipistrelle of Kurope and the Scot. greyw and S. pumilus of Australia. To the latter species it is, by the form of its head and ears, most nearly affine, but may at once be distinguished from it by its greater size and by its smaller teeth. The crown is but little elevated above the facial line; but the muzzle, although short, is more pointed than is usual in the flat- crowned species. The ears are very small, nearly as broad as high, with the outer margin slightly hollowed out about the middle, below which is a faintly developed lobe, and immediately above which is the tip of the ear,—the latter being obtusely angular, and directed outwards. ‘The inner margin is very much rounded, especially at two-thirds of the distance from the base, where the convexity is so prominent as to be quite as high as the tip itself, the portion be- tween this prominence and the tip being nearly horizontal. Alto- gether the ear bears some resemblance to that of Miniopteris. Scot. pumilus is the only species which has ears of form similar to those of the present species; but they are, although the species is smaller, rather larger, relatively longer, and have their tips less 69 outwardly directed, and more rounded. The tragus, as in all others of this group, is curved inwards, and rounded at the end; but it differs from that of some cthers, in being rather widest in the middle. In relation to the size of the animal, the wings are rather ample, aud rather broad for their length, the fourth finger (that which determines the breadth of the wing) being longer than the two basal phalanges of the longest finger*. All the wing-bones are somewhat slender. The thumb is rather long, not quite half enveloped in the membrane. The legs are rather long and slender, the tibize being quite as long as in S. gouldi, a species of greater size than the present ; they are just twice the length of those of S. pumilus. The feet are large, about the length of those of S. leisleri of Europe, the toes taking up half their entire length, and the wing-membranes extending to half the distance between the extremity of the tibia and the base of the toes. Tip of the tail enclosed in the membrane. The fur of the head extends to rather near the end of the nose; and the upper lips are furnished with moustaches ; so that the only naked space is around and in front of the eye. The fur of the back does not extend on to the interfemoral membrane, and only to a very limited extent on those of the wings; but that of the under parts encroaches on the membranes all round the body, especially beneath the arms, where it reaches nearly to the elbow. A straight line from that joint to the knee would pretty accurately define the hairy portions of the wing-membranes. In quality the fur is soft, and rather long, bicoloured above and beneath. That of the back of a specimen from South Australia is dark brown at the root, with the terminal half of the hairs reddish- brown, uniformly of the latter colour around the rump and on the flanks; beneath, dark brown at the root, with the terminal third light cmnamon-brown, that on the membranes paler and unicoloured. Membranes lightish brown. Another specimen from Van Diemen’s Land differs only from the last in being much darker in colour; the fur of the upper parts black at the root, tipped with sepia-brown ; beneath, the same, but the brown tips lighter and more tinged with rufous, especially that on the membranes and around the pubal region, where it is uni- coloured and reddish-brown. In the following table, the dimensions in column 1 are those of * In many species of this group the fourth finger is not more than equal in length to the two basal phalanges of the longest ; and in the more typical species of the genus, such as the common Noctule, it does not extend much further than the middle of the second phalange of the longest finger. In making use of the relative lengths of the wing-bones, either as a generic or specific distinction, it is absolutely necessary that perfectly adult examples be examined; for in those which are not, they vary so much with the age of the individual, as not only to be useless as a means of distinction, but to lead to absolute error and consequent confusion. Judging from the figure given by M. Temminck of V. brachypterus, I should expect to find his specimen with the apophyses of the phalanges of the fingers imperfectly ossified. 70 the South Australian specimen, those in column 2 of the one from Van Diem en’s Land, whilst those in the 3rd have been taken from a specimen of S. greyti from Port Essington (one of the types in the National Collection), and are added to show the difference in the size of the two species,—S. greyw bemg the only Australian bat ap- pertaining to this restricted group which approaches in size the species here described. tha 2. 3. > ~ ~ ~ is Length of the head and body.. 2 ofthe tail sins oie ] otthedteate =) eee 0 epee) 0 1 “— Csr ork of the ears .... ——— of the tragus ... of the fore-arm ...... of the longest finger 2 of the fourth finger.... 2 of the thumb: 255 0 of the. tibiag).4-) ace 2 a0) 0 0 it role — S&S © © — bos Hm DO mA NT OS OS PS alas [al dol S of the foot and claws .. — of the os calecis Expanse.of wings; . i): » .sis < 1 SOOOCOONNK COOK bs wnrNAOROMON DD CON B® ORK OND 8 6 — The teeth of this species, although not sufficiently examined to furnish a comparative description, are nevertheless seen at a glance to be of very small size, not only in reference to the size of the ani- mal, but also actually smaller than those of several other species of much less size, such as S. ¢rilatitius, S. lobatus, and S. abramis. Hence the specific name of microdon here bestowed upon it. 2. SCOTOGPHILUS DARWINI. The next species which I have to describe has been presented to me by Mr. Darwin, with the information that it had been received from the Canary Isles. In a collection of Bats from Madeira, given to me also by Mr. Darwin, I could only enumerate two species, both European, viz. S. leisleri and S. marginatus; and I was somewhat surprised to find in the present species one which I had not before met with. None of the descriptions of African species in the works of Temminck, Wagner, Peters, Smith, and others, apply to this species ; and I there- fore regard it as new, and describe it as follows :— | It is one of the same group as the species just described, and as the S. Auhlii and S. pipistrellus of Europe. It is characterized by a somewhat more robust make than these species, and has rather broader ears and tragi. The head is rather broad and flat, the crown being but little raised above the facial lme ; the glands of.the lips are considerably developed, and bulge sufficiently to oceasion the nostrils to open nearly straight forward, although the interruption in the outer mar- gins of the latter sufficiently indicates that with a more pointed ii muzzle they would open sublaterally ; were the specimen taken from the spirit in which it is preserved and dried, it is probable that this would be the case. In the middle of the face is a kind of hol- low, occasioned by the labial glands on each side being developed in an upward direction, thus leaving a depression between them*. Between the nostrils is a space of moderate extent, and but very faintly emarginate. The ears are rather large, triangularly oval, as broad at the base as they are long, and have their tips brought to a rounded point; about the middle of their outer margin they have a distinct but shallow notch, below which is a lobular portion, as in many other species of this group, but differing from all others which I have seen in having a small but very well-defined notch about its middle. These organs altogether are more like those of S. huhlii than of any other species, but are larger, besides having the double emargination just noticed}. The tragus is rather short and broad, curved inwards, and with the end very much rounded ; on its outer margin, near the base, is a projecting angular point, without any accompanying notch. The wing-membranes extend to the base of the toes, and the latter are half the length of the foot. The thumb is moderate, with the basal phalange much the shortest. The terminal vertebra of the tail is free. The fur of the head extends forwards to between the eyes, and thence in a narrow strip towards the nose. Over each eye is a wart bearing a bundle of stiff hairs; and a similar tuft springs from the top of the labial glands ; the upper lips are also slightly fringed with similar hairs, most conspicuous about the corners of the mouth. The remainder of the face, the ears, and the tragus are naked. The fur of the back spreads on the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane, sparingly, for nearly half its length, as in S. AuAlii, and similarly to a small extent on the membranes near the sides of the body. Beneath, the membrane immediately arovnd the pubes is dusted with very short hairs, more abundant on the vertebree of the tail than elsewhere. On the membrane contiguous to the sides of the body, fur of a much longer kind extends, to a much greater de- gree than in S. kuhlii. On both surfaces of the body the fur is bicoloured: above, very dark brown at the base, tipped with lighter and more rufous brown, that on the membranes wholly of the latter colour; beneath, it is dark at the base, tipped with paler brown, with less of the rufous tinge than that of the upper parts. On the under surface of the membranes the fur is uniformly of the same colour as the tips of the hairs on the belly, but on the pubes it is paler. Membranes dark brown. Such appear to be the colours of the fur, so far as can be gathered from the examination of a specimen in spirit ; but it is necessary to * In the Romicia calcarata of Dr. Gray the lip-glands are so much developed as to leave a deep pit between them. It belongs to the present group. + I am here comparing a specimen in spirit with others in skin,—a plan. not always attended with perfectly satisfactory results. 12 consult others in skin before this point can be determined with ac- curacy. Although in its external appearance S. darwini bears consider- able resemblance to S. kuhlii, it differs, besides having a somewhat differently shaped ear and broader tragus, in the form and arrange- ment of the fore teeth. In S. kuAlii the upper incisors are rather long and slender ; the inner ones are deeply forked at their apices, and longer than the outer ones, which are slender and pointed, some- what like small canines; and there is a visible interval between the points of the inner and outer ones. In S. darwini, on the contrary, they are short and obtuse, of nearly equal iength, the inner ones faintly cleft at their points, and the outer ones so closely packed to them as to leave no space even between their points. Again in S. kuhlu there is a space between the canine and the “ carnassier”’ or sectorial tooth, in which is placed a small and conical premolar, within the line of the teeth, but distinctly visible from the outside ; whereas in S. darwini the canine and the “‘ carnassier”’ are conti- guous, and there is a very small anomalous premolar placed in the inner angle formed at their bases, visible only from inside. These differences in the dentition are alone sufficient to distinguish the species from S. kuhlit. From S. marginatus, S. ursula, and S. nathusit it may be also recognized by the form of the upper in- cisors ; and these are the only European species with which it could be confounded. Length of the head and ee BD se tens — of the tail . Be as te sehesoh Wis uf the head of thevears7. cada ae wee tee OF CNG CT AoU Sues: a ee oe eo fasts Breadth of the tragus eis MORE hea ength-of the fore-arm:.,.. }22)..%.,. < putas of the longest finger . . —— of the fourth finger .. ——ofthe thumb ...... Ronee ——— of the tibia .......... of the foot and claws sno of the os calcis....... al Nn earacan Expanse of wines #2 5 5462 oes ee ffab. Palma, Canary Isles. Obs. The Madeiran species being European ones, and one of them African also (i. e. S. marginatus), renders it not unlikely that the species inhabiting the Canaries may also occur in Africa, and perhaps in Europe. With a view to the chance of this, I have compared this species with what now remains of the types of / espertilio ari- stippe, V. leucippe, A. alcythoe, V. vispistrellus, and V. savii, but find nothing which leads me to regard it as referable to any of them ; and I have therefore given such a detailed description as will be amply sufficient to distinguish it from all recorded European species. =~ = = dol= dle Te wmSOSCSOH NH OOOOH N: OCUWANWAAMH HEE 73 3. VESPERTILIO CALIGINOSUS, 0. 8. This is one of the smallest species of the genus, being rather less than the V. mystacinus of Europe, which in general appearance it very much resembles. Vespertilio parvulus, Temm., is the only species of this restricted group which I have yet seen, that is smaller than the present one. There are a few Asiatic species of Bats which possess the characters of the group of which V. mystacinus is typical, but which have the tragus much shorter and less acute, and not so much bent outwards. Vesp. trilatitius, Temm. (not Horsfield), and ’. fenuis of the same zoologist, may be mentioned as examples; and the species I am about to describe will constitute a third. The top of the head is rather elevated, about as much so as in V. mystacinus ; and the muzzle is pointed as in that species, but is con- siderably shorter. The ears are rather small, and have narrow but rounded tips, are notched at their outer margin near the base, below which is a distinct rounded lobe, which is almost hidden in the long fur of the neck. The tragus is rather short, not quite half the length of the ear ; its inner margin is straight; its outer one curves evenly from the base to the tip, in such a manner that it is of pretty uniform breadth for about half its length, from which it narrows to a subacute tip. The tragus of V. mystacinus is precisely of this form for two-thirds of its length,—the outer margin being convex, the acute tip being produced, or as it were added, and taking an outward curvature in the dried specimens, but straight when fresh or preserved in spirit. Near the base is a well-defined notch divi- ' ding off an angular lobular portion, quite at the base. No such notch appears in the tragus of either V. mystacinus or V. tenuis. The wings are proportioned much as in V. tenuis, excepting that the thumb is much smaller, whilst the bones of the wings, although this species is considerably less, are quite as stout as in that species. The feet are small, with toes which are rather more than half their entire length. Wing-membranes extending exactly to the base of the outer toe, which is much shorter than the others. All the membranes are more strongly marked with lines than those of V. fenuis, and especially the interfemoral, on which may be counted as many as fifteen or sixteen transverse dotted lines, each dot bearing on the under side of the membrane one or more fine, short, bristle-like hairs. In V. tenuis about a dozen such lines may be observed. Nearly the whole of the face is covered with thick soft hair, want- ing only on the end of the snout, the front of the under lip, and im- mediately around the eye. On the glands of the upper lip it takes the form of two distinct tufts, projecting laterally, having the ap- pearance of whiskers. In front of each eye is a single long hair, and a few other similar but shorter ones project from the upper lip and the chin. The fur of both surfaces of the body extends on to the interfemoral membrane very slightly ; but the wing-mem- branes are free from hair. 74 On all parts of the body the fur is long and soft, and rather silky ; and it is bicoloured above and beneath. That of all the upper parts is black at the base, more or less tipped with shining yellowish- chestnut, on the head and neck scarcely perceptible, but becoming more marked towards the middle of the back and on the rump, where it is much the brightest. Some of the darker examples of V. mystacinus bear some resemblance to the present species in this respect, but are less bright. Beneath, the fur is dead black, with the tips of the hairs greyish-brown, a little paler on the pubes. Membranes and naked parts dark brown. The complete ossifica- tion of the finger-jomts mdicates that the specimen is adult; but the sex has not been ascertained. Length of the head and body........ I 6 =— ot the tan, abouts 5 bcs oe) Of the heads*: 2vectns se ota 0- 6 ——— of the ears .....-....-2.08. 0 4 of the tragusus,<.o.aias © ee 0 21 Gfste fore-arna 12. ae Go VE ie ——-— of the longest finger ........ 2 2 ol the fourth finger. seeks : bonne oicthe thumb 2. sce 2 oO ae — ob the tibiae © oes se 0 6 — of the foot and claws:....... 0 22 Eixpanise Of wits. 2.2 coe he on 3-6 Tah. I received this with a number of other Indian species from Mr. Warwick, with the statement that they all formed a part of a collection made by Capt. Boys. Amongst them were several speci- mens of Scot. coromandelicus; and the present species was confounded with them, until they were mounted for the cabinet, when the dif- ferences became sufficiently obvious. 3 4, VESPERTILIO SERICEUS, 0. 8S. A species remarkable for the great beauty of its fur, which is thick, very soft, and with all the gloss of unspun silk. In size and proportions somewhat similar to V. nattereri, and the crown of the head elevated about as in that species; but the muzzle, although pointed, relatively a little shorter. Unfortunately the ears and tragi have been so much injured as to render it impossible to give an exact description of them ; but it is evident that the ears were rather narrow, and more or less emarginate at their outer margin ; and that the tragus was long and narrow, may be seen from what remains of one of them, the end only being lost. The organs of flight are of medium size and proportions; the thumb is rather long, and has the basal phalange short, and the claw long and slender, with but a slight degree of curvature. The wing-membranes spring from the base of the toes. The feet are rather large,—the toes taking up a little more than half their entire length, and armed with claws, which, like those of the thumbs, are 79 rather long, slender, and but little curved. These parts have much the size and proportions of those of V. nattereri. Nearly the whole of the face is hairy ; but there is a naked space around each eye. A thick moustache borders the upper lips, which, extending from the angles of the mouth upwards and forwards, joins the fur of the forehead, which extends nearly to the end of the nose. The chin is destitute of hairs. The fur of the back encroaches to a trifling degree on the interfemoral membrane ; and the same may be said of that of the belly ; everywhere else the membranes are naked. On all parts of the body the fur is bicoloured: above dark brown at the root, with the terminal third light reddish-brown ; beneath similar, but the brown at the root darker and more extended, the tips of the hairs for one-fourth only of their length being greyish- brown, on the abdomen whitish-brown. Everywhere the fur maintains its peculiar silky lustre, as much so on the under as on the upper parts of the body. This quality of fur will at once distinguish this species from every other which I have ever seen. The dentition, as far as it can be studied in a stuffed specimen, is as follows :—Upper incisors in pairs, placed close together, with a considerable interval in the centre between the pairs, and also an in- terval on each side, between them and the canines. They are rather short and obtusely conical, the inner ones indistinctly bifid at the apex. The canines are rather small and short, and are followed by two small premolars on each side, of a bluntly conical form, the first being the larger of the two. To these succeed the two large pre- molars, or carnassiers, in this species with the point only a little raised above the crowns of the true molars. In the lower jaw the incisors, six in number, are somewhat irregularly ranged and tri- lobed, the canines short, and the two following premolars on each side of equal size, small and conical. The next premolar is of greater size and more acutely conical. The chief peculiarity in the dentition of this species is the shortness of the teeth, whilst they maintain throughout a medium degree of stoutness. — = = i s Length of the head and cee about 22.0) Olthe tail ccs core oe ee JE ofthe head: ee eee Oo Of the fore-arm -4 24. Ma ee L5 of the longest finger . Men ees ——— of the fourth finger ............ Os = of the thumb and claw.......... 0 33 ofthe tilbian oc oe ee ea to 0 8 — of the foot and claws .......... 0 42 panse OL WINGS 26 0s. ies eee se ae 10 0 Hab. Not known. 76 5. PHYLLORHINA AURITA, 0. 8. In size this species about equals Riinolophus hippocrepis of Kurope. It may be readily distinguished from all others of the genus by the great size of its ears, and seems to hold the same position amongst the species of Phyllorhina that Rhinolophus cornutus does in the genus Rhinolophus. So far as may be learned from the inspection of a specimen in skin, the facial crests greatly resemble those of Ph. bicolor, and the general form of the whole head, face, and ears is pretty much as in that species, excepting that the muzzle is relatively a little more compressed, and the ears much larger. These latter organs are one- fourth longer than the head, and of a broadly ovoid form, are some- what diaphanous, and thickly marked with glandular dots. They have about sixteen transverse sulci, which do not quite extend to the outer margin of the ear, but are bounded by a well-defined line which runs parallel with the margin, and divides off a narrow por- tion, having the appearance of a distinct border. The inner or front margin of the ear has three such parallel lines, all running from that part of the ear which is near to the face, to near the tip. This peculiarity of having the ears margined as described, and the central part sulcated, is not confined to this species ; but it is much more strongly marked in this than in any other which I have seen. Ph. cervina and Ph. caffra exhibit the same arrangement of lines in the ear, but in a much less degree. The wings are broad for their length,—the fourth finger, which determines their breadth, bemg longer than the third*. They are distinctly reticulated, especially near the side of the body. No great peculiarities are exhibited by the posterior extremities. The fur is strictly confined to the body, with the exception of some on the hinder surface of the ears, at their base, and a narrow fringe on one of the lines bordering their front margin inside the ear. On all the upper parts the fur is bicoloured, nearly white at the base for three-fourths of its length, then of a medium brown colour, with the extreme tips a little paler, giving a slightly hoary appearance. Beneath, it is somewhat similar, but rather paler, especially on the humeral region and down the sides of the body ; but the colours are less clearly made out. On the throat and along the middle of the belly to the pubes it is much lighter in colour, and almost uni- coloured. ‘The membranes are of a medium brown colour. The teeth have not been examined with care, but appear to be * In Rhinolophus hippocrepis these two fingers are of equal length; and the same is the case in Ph. caffra, Ph. speoris, Ph. labuanensis, and Ph. cervina: in Ph. nobilis and Ph. insignis the third is a little longer than the fourth, whilst in Ph. bicolor and the present species, the fourth is the longer of the two. Of course this difference in the relative lengths of the fingers determines the compa- rative breadth of the wings. 7/7 rather long, especially the canines. They are longer than those of Ph. cervina, which is a slightly larger species. > ~ Length of the head and pony: Be ene — of the tail ...... ee ——— of the head..... ObtHe- cars. Breadth of the ears, nearly .. es ikenothof thefore-arm ©4266. 62.8 s — of the longest finger .... Gite third fingers. ve5 ——— of the fourth finger .......... = Ol the thumbs... 20. ac aG ot ty oe He OHH SCC OC = es ji ORWOREOWMOHD DOO bol to|e of the os calcis ,. Expanse of wings.. .. Hab. Unknown. fo) a) of Es oO *- fo) Oo co 99 5 Z Qu . fe) . — 99 = (62) eooqncnoore 6. EMBALLONURA FULIGINOSA, N. 8. In general form this species somewhat resembles HL. monticola, but differs in several important particulars. It is larger ; and it has the fur of a uniform sooty brown, whilst in that species it is marked bicoloured, bemg nearly white at the root. In its general outline the head is very similar to that of the other species of the genus; but the snout, although small and elongated, is not so pointed as in the American species, but is nevertheless more so than in the African FE. afra, judging from the figure given by Dr. Peters. The nostrils are small and rather near together ; the ears triangularly oval, longer than broad, with the outer margin entire and produced at the base along the face in a line midway be- tween the cleft of the mouth and the eye, and ending immediately between the latter and the angle of the mouth, which are both ina vertical line: all three are therefore in a vertical line. The tragus has its two sides nearly parallel, but it is a little widest at the end; it curves slightly inwards, and has the end rounded as in the genus Miniopteris, but is relatively broader. Thumb rather long, with the two visible phalanges equal in length (the small terminal one, bearing the claw, being excepted), the basal one wholly enclosed in the interbrachial membrane. Wing-membranes extending to the distal extremity of the tibize ; hinder limbs rather long and slender ; toes half the length of the entire foot. Os calcis long ; interfemoral membrane very ample, with three diverging lines from the tip of the tail to its hmder margin; one on each side of these, from the root of the femur to the point of the os calcis; and two others, one from the distal extremity of each femur to near the middle of the os calcis. Transversely, this membrane has about twenty closely dotted lines. The fur on the crown is long and thick, and approaches rather nearly the end of the nose ; the sides of the face, from the auditory 18 openings through the eyes to the upper lip, naked, or nearly so; but the upper lip is fringed with scattered short bristly hairs. The extreme margin of the lips, both above and below, are naked and smooth. That part of the wing-membranes which is contiguous to the under surface of the body is a little hairy ; and the fur of the rump extends, to avery trifling degree, on to the interfemoral ; but all other parts of the membranes are perfectly naked. On all parts of the body the fur is rather soft, thick, and long, and perfectly devoid of lustre. It is also perfectly unicoloured everywhere, being above of a deep sooty brown with a slight tinge of rusty, and similar, though a little paler, beneath. Upper incisors, 4, in pairs as in Vespertilio; they are very small, narrow near the alveolus, and blunt at the tips. Upper canines furnished with a kind of lobe or talon behind, at the base; the lower ones with a similar one in front. Lower incisors very small, symmetrically ranged, and with their cutting edges lobated. Length of the head and body, about ...... 2 0 == Ol, the tate oso be eee es 0 7 or 8? Ob the heats no oe 0-9 OF AMC: CATS eras ote epee tone eres 0 54 of the tries) Sc wa aes 0 2 ol thefore-arm setae. 139 of the longest finger ~~. 2. 2a 29 of the fourth tmeer.2 oo to. oe 1 10 of the thumb 27.2 se ee 0 4 Obthe 0ltes <5 26 oo, ts. cr Ole of the foot and claws ...... 0 34 ——— of the os caleis ..............+. O 84 ———— from the end of the nose to the hinder margin of the interfemoral mem- branes CoS te wee ee ee 3 6 Expatse: of wines) 203 a. 7 12-9 Hab. “Island of Ovalee (Figi Islands), August 1856, H.M.S. ‘Herald,’ F. M. Rayner.’’ Such was the label attached to the spe- cimen when it recently reached Dr. Gray, through whose kindness I am enabled to give the above description. Obs. Several species of Cheiroptera have fur of much the same quality and appearance as this species. Nyctophilus unicolor, from Van Diemen’s Land, Molossus norfolcensis, Norfolk Island, and M. acetabulosus, Mauritius and Natal, are amongst these; and the American species M. nasutus also has fur which approaches closely in texture that of all these species. The present species, although it differs materially from H. mon- ticola, yet bears greater resemblance to it in the form of the head, ears, &c. than to any other species. To the African species, L. afra, Peters, it has some similarity in the form of the snout ; and all these three are species which appertain to the genus Hmballonura as W West Tmp C.H Ford AVath. lipp. B. var. Javan. C. var Mal A. Callophis intestinalis. var. Phi 3 = ia) a) ass) 3 © co = i= ae 72 ae "3 © TCT) G4 As ae S Fe. A od A Dr Callophis maculice ee Seat HH nee yb Dar te A eS Sic ese en ‘ay 989M TAY “endey Ss 7 07g | | : : : Pate — Se evo gees ge Se 51 Oey mee aD net TA a” — ores | © ~ ~~ . SS a eS eS SE I — ees a ee CE I I aa pred HS TS a st PS! ANS 4 arden 8) TAY ‘eNNdey SZ 902g 79 restricted by M. Paul Gervais, who separates, under the name of Probuscidea, those species which have a longer and more pointed snout, such as L. sazatilis and L. villosa. 6. On THE Genus Exaps or WAaGLER. By Dr. A. GUNTHER. (Reptilia, Pl. XVI.-XVIII.) One of the most happy generic combinations in Wagler’s ‘ System _ der Amphibien’ is the genus Hlaps. We takes as the character of Elaps the grooved fangs in front, which are not followed by smaller and smooth teeth (pp. 193, 283), and thus he not only excludes those non-venomous snakes included by Schneider (Hist. Amphib. ii. p. 289), the first founder of the genus, but by this admirably- chosen character he removes also those species of the subsequently discovered genera of Diemansia and Hoplocephalus which Schlegel afterwards united with Hlaps. The diagnosis given by Wagler, p. 193, and more fully detailed at pp. 282,283, 1s most accurate and definite :— ** Body elongate, equally cylindrical ; head not distinct from body ; tail short, conical ; eyes small ; scales smooth, equal, those of the ver- tebral line not larger ; subcaudals two-rowed. Mandibulary and facial bones only slightly expansible ; grooved fangs in front, without smaller teeth behind.” Thus we see the genus Elaps, as given by Duméril and Bibron in their ‘ Erpétologie Générale,’ already fully circumscribed by Wagler; and I am surprised that Dumeril, when giving a histo- rical sketch of the genus, does not mention that his predecessor was the actual definer of the genus Hlaps. Besides, Wagler had already shown that the species coming from the same part of the globe exhibit common characters; and in enumerating the species he divides them into the following sections :— a. Corpore vittato (ex Asia) ; @. Corpore annulato:— * Ex Africa ; ** Hx America: an arrangement which we see adopted in the “Tableau Synop- tique des Espéces,” ‘ Erpét. Génér.’ vil. p. 1207, but without refer- ence to the geographical distribution. Australian Hlapes were un- known to Wagler, it being impossible, without specimens, to trace the genus in the figure given by White, ‘Journ. N. 8. Wales,’ App. p. 259. Snake No. 2. I need not enter on a detailed description of the mode of life of these Snakes, as it has been already given by distinguished travellers, who all agree in the fact that they belong to the slowest of the tribe, with the most uniform and sedentary life, always living on dry ground in shady places. No other Snakes exhibit such a similarity to Hlaps in its mode of life, and such a powerless muscular organi- zation, as the Calamartide; and this is why we so often find the former destroying the latter: the venomous snake is able to overpower the non-venomous, even if larger. Specimens dissected by me exhibited only a small number of eggs. Notwithstandimg this sedentary life, and this diminished faculty of propagation, we find the genus Hlaps 80 spread over all the tropical regions ; but each species of one region exhibits a certain number of characters common to species of the same region, and different from those of any second, so that we can at once refer them to their native country. From this cireumstance the naturalist, in my opinion, is justified in attributing a generic value to such characters, although they may be subject to variation in another genus, or even in one and the same species. A variation in the number of the rows of scales in the genera Zamenis, Tropidono- tus, &c., is of trifling value only, whilst in other genera the relative number of scales is a constant character (e.g. Calamaria, Oxyrhopus). The number of the ocular shields in species of Zamenis, Pituophis, Tropidonotus, varies much; but in the species of Simotes, Liophis, Dromicus, &c. the number of these same shields is part of the generic character. Thus we see that in one group of animals a part of the organization is constant, and forms a positive character, whilst in another group the same part is liable to very considerable modifica- tion: and this peculiarity (liability to modification) itself constitutes a character of the group. In every instance where naturalists neglect to make this distinction, and try either to allow modification of a naturally fixed character, or to fix modifications of a naturally variable character as positive ones, artificial groups of animals are established. For instance, the East Indian Stmotes is a most natural genus, distin- guished by the form of the rostral shield, by the peculiar system of coloration, and by a single anterior ocular—three naturally fixed characters. Now, if we attempt to force the African Snake (Hete- rodon diadema) into this genus, we must actually modify two of those characters, and the result of this combination is the establishment of an artificial group*. The same is the case if we try to combine this type of a separate genus with Heterodon+. On the other hand, two East Indian genera, Oligodon and Simotes, form together a most natural group, having the same arrangement and shape of the shields of the head, the same form of the body, and even the same system of coloration—three naturally fixed characters ; but the dentition in these two genera of snakes is liable to variation. Now, if we con- sider the latter character a fixed one, so as to become that of fami- lies, the result is the artificial distant separation of those closely- allied genera from one another. I have made these remarks to show, that to obtain a natural system of genera, we cannot rigidly adhere to certain preconceived constant characters, but we must apply them as they are made obvious by nature itself. Let us apply these views to the illustration of the genus Elaps of Wagler. Here we see that all the East Indian species are distinguished from those of the other parts of the world by a more slender, vermiform body, and by two longitudinal series — of scales fewer in number than in the others. As Wagler rightly ob- served, the ornamental colours{ on the upper parts of the body have a tendency to form longitudinal bands (corpore vittato); on the * Catal. Colubrine Snakes, p. 26. + Dum. et Bibr. vii. p. 26. t In contradistinction to the ground-colour. 81 beily they are arranged in cross-bars, sometimes reaching on to the sides, and interfermg with the bands on the back. But this latter character of the coloration not bemg constant, as FE. calligaster shows a tendency to vary in coloration, I consider the difference in the number of the scales as more important; and the presence of thirteen rows of scales is, I believe, sufficient to determine any species as being East Indian. All the species of EHlaps from other tropical parts have fifteen rows; and the American and Australian species agree in another point, that the ornamental colours of the upper and lower parts are not separated into two systems of different direction, but are united, forming rings round the whole body with regular interspaces. But the nasal shield in the American species is constantly separated into two with the nostril between them, the same shield being single in the Australian species, and pierced by that opening. Lastly, the African species deviates in more than one respect. With the same number of scales, and with the same single nasal as in the Australian, it exhibits only one posterior ocular shield, the head being generally more depressed. ‘The ornamental colours, being in all other species of Hlaps arranged with a certaim regularity, are here so irregularly and so variably disposed, that distinct cross-bands seldom appear on the belly and sides; the pure ground-colour often predominates along the medial line of the back. Thus I divide the genus Elaps of Wagler into the following genera, - which correspond with the natural divisions of the earth’s surface. A. With thirteen rows of scales. 1. Callophis. East Indies. B. With fifteen rows of scales and— a, with a double nasal shield : 2. Elaps. Tropical America. 6, with a single nasal shield and— a, with two posterior oculars : 3. Vermicella. Australia. G, with one posterior ocular : 4. Pecilophis. Africa. A. CALLOPIIS. Elapide with very slender and cylindrical body, with short tail, and with depressed head, not distinct from neck. No other tooth behind the fang. Thirteen rows of scales. Anal entire. Two nasals, nostrils placed between them; six (exceptionally seven) upper labials; one anterior, two posterior oculars. Colours of the upper parts arranged in longitudinal streaks.— East Indian region. The following species are known :— 1. CALLOPHIS BIviRGATUS (Schleg.). Elaps bivirgatus, Schleg. Ess. p. 451, pl. 16. f.10, 11; and Abb. taf. 47. Elaps flaviceps, Cant. (Spicil.) Catal. p. 109. Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Malayan peninsula, Pinang. No. 389.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 82 In this species the external band only is subject to variation, some- times occupying two series of scales, sometimes being very narrow, and nearly obsolete. 2. CALLOPHIS INTESTINALIS (Laur.). Aspis intestinalis, Laur. Syn. Amph. p. 106. Elaps furcatus, Schleg. Ess. p. 450, pl. 16. f. 12, 13; and Abb. taf. 46. f. 1-8. This species is subject to great variation. a. Javanese variety (Pl. XVI. fig. B), figured by Schlegel, brown, with three yellowish lines,—one occupying the vertebral series of scales, and forked on the head, and each of the two others run- ning along the meeting line of the two outer rows. There is some- times, moreover, another reddish-brown line between the third and fourth outer rows. The ground-colour of the belly is stated to be pale green during life. The lower side of the tail is generally uni- form, without black cross-bands. The tail appears to be shorter, with a thicker conical tip. Java. There is in the British Museum a specimen, said to have been procured at Hong Kong. It is nearest to this variety, but has two black cross-bands on the tail. 6. The Malayan variety (Pl. XVI. fig. C) is well described by . Cantor, Catal. p. 107; but this naturalist confounds the ground-co- lour with ornamental colour. In the ‘ Indian Zoology’ of Gray and Hardwicke this variety is figured with the name of Maticora lineata. The vertebral line is rather broader, not continued on the head, and on the tail interrupted by two black rings, which entirely encircle that part; the two outer lines, as in the preceding variety. The reddish-brown line, which occurs in some Javanese individuals only, is here constantly to be found, and is very broad, occupying the whole of the fourth and fifth outer series. Cantor has mistaken it for the ground-colour: but this appears in narrow brownish-black lines only, viz. on the outer half of the first series of scales, on the second and third, and on the sixth. The ground-colour of the belly is stated to be pale citron. The tail is surrounded by two black rings, which, however, are interrupted by the lateral reddish-brown band ; it is short, slender at the tip, and gradually tapering. Malayan peninsula. A specimen, caught in Labuan, and described i in ‘ Contributions to the Nat. Hist. of Labuan, by Motley and Dillwyn,’ Lond. 1855, 8vo, p. 45, appears to agree best with the above variety *. ce. The variety of the Philippine Islands (Pl. XVI. figs. A & a) (mentioned by myself, Catal. Col. Snakes, p. 230) perfectly agrees in the form of the tail with that of the Malayan peninsula ; but the colo- _ * In the work mentioned above, some species of Snakes are excellently repre- sented, but not properly determined :—Plate (p. 46) with the name of Dendro- phis picta represents D. caudolineata; Plate (p.48) with the name of Dipsas fusca represents D. trigonata; Plate (p.49) with the name of Calamaria bra- chyorrhos represents Simotes purpurascens. 83 ration is so modified, as, I think, to have caused Duméril to establish a new species, Hlaps trilineatus (Erp. génér. vii. p. 1227). The black abdominal bands of the other varieties here become rings, encircling all the body, but interrupted by the two reddish-brown bands. The yellowish vertebral line occupies one series of scales and two half series, being broken up by those black rings ; this line is interrupted on the head by the brown colour of the occiput and crown; but both the ends of the fork into which that line terminates in the first va- riety are visible, forming on each side a yellowish streak from above the eye to the side of the muzzle. The two lateral brownish-red streaks of the former variety are likewise present, and continue un- interrupted from the occiput to the tip of the tail. The narrow yel- lowish outer lines of the former varieties are scarcely visible. The tail is surrounded by two rings, and a third, incomplete, middle one. Dumeéril mentions the specimen of the Paris Museum as coming from the west coast of Sumatra; that of the British Museum was brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands. 3. CALLOPHIS GRACILIS8, Gray. Calliophis gracilis, Gray, Ind. Zool. f. 1-3. Llaps nigromaculatus, Cant. Catal. p. 108. Penang. ; Singapore. 4. CALLOPHIS UNIVIRGATUS, Gthr. (Pl. XVII. figs. A & a.) Hlaps univirgatus, Gthr. Catal. p. 232. ~ This new species from Nepal, the most northern known at pre- sent, may be readily distinguished by the black head, with yellowish cross-band behind the eyes, and by the black dorsal streak. The descriptions of the two varieties given in my Catalogue I complete now with the figures. Coming from the same part of the Hast Indies, they are not climatic varieties ; I rather think the difference in the colour depends upon the sexes, although I have not been able to make this out by dissection, on account of the condition of the internal parts. 5. CALLOPHIS TRIMACULATUS (Daud.). (Pl. XVI. fig. E.) Russell, Ind. Serp. 1. pl. 8. Vipera trimaculata, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 25. laps trimaculatus, Merr. Tent. p. 143; Schleg. Essai, p. 449. Coluber melanurus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 552. Tenasserim. We are informed by Russell, who discovered this species, which he - founded on a single specimen (and a second has not occurred), that he deposited it in the British Museum. I have been fortunate enough to find this original specimen, which, although the notice of its origin has been lost, so completely agrees in all the details with Russell’s description and figure, that any doubt of its individuality appears to be removed. It proves to be different from the Snake described by Cantor as Hlaps melanurus (Shaw), and named by myself Elaps maculiceps. Schlegel, to whom the species was known by Russell’s work only, attributes to it a black vertebral line ; but Russell 84 only mentions some dots on the vertebral line, and several narrow fillets on the sides. These markings, however, have now disappeared, whilst the black coloration of the head and the spots on the tail are still visible. : The diagnosis of this species will be—Belly uniform, without any spots ; body above olive, uniform or with narrow lateral fillets; head above, occiput, and neck black, with some yellowish spots symme- trically arranged ; tail beneath chequered with black ; vertical shield six-sided, rather broad and short; six upper labial shields. 6. CaLLopuis macuticers, Gthr. (Pl. XVI. fig. D.) Elaps melanurus, Cantor, Catal. p. 106, pl. 40. f. 6 (not Shaw). Elaps maculiceps, Gthr. Catal. p. 232. Penang. This is the only East Indian species of Elaps with seven upper labial shields; but this anomaly is of no great importance, as it is effected by the posterior upper labial, which is generally elongated in these Snakes, being here divided mto two. Cantor’s description of the colours is correct in every respect ; but the vertical shield of our specimen is elongate, and far from being equilateral. The diagnosis of this species will be—Belly uniform, without any spots; body above light bay, on each side with a series of distant black dots; head with symmetrical black markings ; a black collar ; tail beneath chequered with black ; vertical shield six-sided, elon- gate, much longer than broad ; seven upper labial shields. 7. CALLOPHIS CALLIGASTER, Wiegm. Elaps calligaster, Wiegm. Nov. Act. 1835, p. 253, tab. 25. f. 2. Elaps collaris, Schleg. Ess. p. 448, and Abbild. taf. 46. f. 10, 11. Philippine Islands. B. Evaps. Hlapide with slender and cylindrical body, with short tail and with depressed head, not distinct from neck. No other tooth behind the fang ; fifteen rows of scales, anal entire (exceptionally bifid) ; two nasals, nostril placed between them ; six or seven upper labials ; one anterior, two posterior oculars (in one species one). Colours of the upper and lower parts arranged in cross-bands. | Tropical America. The following species are known :— 1. ELAPS CORALLINUS, L. Coluber corallinus, L. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. p. 33. Elaps corallinus, Wied, Nov. Act. 1820, pl.4 ; Schleg. Ess. p.440. pl. 16, f. 1-5. Brazil,Surinam, New Granada, Guayaquil, Trinidad (West Indies ?). I consider as varieties of this species— a. Elaps circinalis, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1210. b. Vipera psyche, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 320. Llaps psyche, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1212. 85 2. ELars ALTERNANS, Dum. & Bibr. Elaps alternans, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1211. 3. ELAps MIpaRTITUS, Dum. & Bibr. Elaps mipartitus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1220.—New Granada. Hlaps decussatus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1221, appears to belong to the same species. 4. ELAPS SURINAMENSIS, Cuv. Elaps surinamensis, Cuv. Régne Anim. ; Schleg. Ess. p. 445, and Abbild. taf. 46. f. 9. Surinam. 5. ELaps LEMNISCATUS (L.). Coluber lemniscatus, L. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. p. 34; Schleg. Ess. p. 444, pl. 14. £.6, 7. Brazil, Surinam, Caraccas, Columbia, Trinidad. Varieties of this species are— a. Hlaps marcgravii, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1209. b. Elaps frontalis, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1223, figured by Guichenot in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares de lAmér. du Sud, p. 71, pl. 14. This is the Snake first described by Marcgrave, Hist. Nat. Bras. vi. p. 240. 6. Exaprs rutvus (L.). Coluber fulvus, L. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 381. Elaps fulous, Holby. N. Amer. Herpetol. iii. p. 49, pl. 10; Dum. Bibr. p. 1215. Southern States of North America, through Central America, to Venezuela. Variety of this species is Hlaps tristis, Baird and Girard, Catal. p. 23. 7. EVLAPS EPISTEMA, Dum. & Bibr. laps epistema, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1222. Mexico. 8. ELAPS BIPUNCTIGER, Dum. & Bibr. Elaps bipunctiger, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1227. 9. Ears DEcoRATUS, n.sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. A.) Body encircled by black rings, always three together, the middle one broadest. Muzzle and a cross-band between the eyes black. Ver- tical shield broad, five-sided, with a front side broader than the lateral ones, and behind with an obtuse or a right angle. This species is allied to Elaps lemniscatus: it differs somewhat in the arrangement of the black rings; but the reason why this species must be separated, is the form of the vertical shield, which in £. lemniscatus is much narrower, the front side being shorter than 86 the lateral ones, and the shield terminating in an acute angle. In general habit the species is scarcely more slender than L. femniscatus. I count in one of the specimens 196, and in the other 202 ventral plates ; in both 19 subcaudals. The shields of the head and the scales do not offer any. other peculiarity, except that the sixth upper labial is in direct contact with the occipital, whilst in 2. lemniscatus an elongate temporal shield separates that labial from the occipital. There are two nasals; one anterior, two posterior oculars ; and seven upper labials ; fifteen rows of scales; the anal plate in the older specimen entire, and in the younger one bifid. The muzzle in front, the vertical, superciliaries, and the third, fourth, and fifth upper labials are black; the remainder of the head is red. The neck is surrounded by a broad black collar, in front yellow-edged, and be- hind separated from a much narrower black ring by a yellow edge also. Then follow, in regular interspaces, fifteen zones (in the younger individual), or sixteen (in the older one). Each zone is composed of three black rings, with two yellow ones between. One of the zones surrounds the tail. The middle black ring is always broadest ; but in the adult individual it occupies three rows of scales only, in the young one four; the outer black rings are as broad as the yellow ones, and occupy each two, sometimes only one row of scales. The red interspaces are nearly of the same extent as the zones; and each scale exhibits a black tip. The extremity of the tail is very blunt, rounded, and black. The total length of the large species is:h9", the head taking 43/", the tail 14!. The above description is founded upon two specimens, one of which has been for a long while in the collection of the British Mu- seum ; but being only a young individual, and not in a good state of preservation, it has not been introduced into the Catalogue. In the meanwhile Professor Jan has recognized it as belonging to a species for which he has intended the name given above; and finding the same name mentioned in his ‘ Index of Reptiles of the Milan Museum,’ I have accepted it. I am not aware that the species has been described. The other specimen has been purchased for the British Museum, and is said to come from Brazil. The specimen in the Milan Mu- seum is from Mexico. : 10. Ears TENER, Baird & Gir. Hlaps tener, Baird and Girard, Catal. N. Amer. Rept. p. 22. Texas. 11. Evaps FILirormis, n.sp. (Pl. XVIII. fig. B.) Eaceedingly slender. Only one posterior ocular shield. Body surrounded by black rings, always three together; muzzle, and a cross-band between the eyes, black. This species is as slender as any of the East Indian Elapide ; in the number of the ventral plates it even surpasses them. I count 285 ventral, and 38 subcaudal plates. Compared with a specimen of E, lemniscatus, which has a head of the same size, it is twice as long. The tail is rather short, but tapering to a fine tip. From all the 87 other American species of Elaps it differs in having only one poste- rior ocular, the eye being very small. The vertical shield is five- sided, with the lateral and posterior sides equal, but with the anterior rather longer ; the hinder angle is acute. The nasal appears to be divided into two below the nostril only; the nostril itself is round, open ; seven upper labial shields, the sixth of which is separated from the occipital by an intermediate temporal shield. Scales in fifteen rows. Anal shield bifid. A strong fang in front of the upper jaw, and no smaller tooth behind. It is easy to be seen which parts have been red-coloured during life, and which yellow, slight tinctures of both colours being preserved. The front part of the muzzle and the chin are black; a narrow yel- low band crosses the posterior frontals ; the following black band reaches to the front part of the occipitals ; the remainder of the head is red. The body and tail are encircled by twenty-two zones, each of which is composed of three black rings and two yellow ones between. The anterior black ring of the first zone forms a collar; two of the zones encircle the tail, the tip of which is black. The black rings are nearly as broad on the belly as on the back; the middle one occupies five rows of scales, the outer ones four, the yel- low rings mostly two. The red interspaces are as broad as the outer black ones ; the scales in these interspaces are uniform, without any spot. The specimen is 17" long; of which the head takes 31", and the tail 15". It is in the collection of the British Museum, and has been procured in Para. Doubtful American species of Elaps are— 12, Kuaps GAstROoDELUS, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1212. 13. Exaps DIASTEMA, Dum. & Bibr. p. 1222. Mexico. 14. Ears zonatus, Hallow. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. 1855, il. p. 35. Honduras. 15. Exaps pivaricatus, Hallow. J. c. p. 36. (es C. Nee Gray. Blapide with slender and cylindrical body, with very short tail, and with depressed head, not distinct from neck. No other tooth behind the fang; fifteen rows of scales; anal bifid; one nasal, pierced by the nostril; six upper labials ; one anterior, two posterior oculars. Ornamental colours in cross-bands. Australia. Only one species is known :-— 1. VERMICELLA occrPiTALis. (Pl. XVII. fig. B.) _ Elaps occipitalis, Dum. Bibr. vii. p. 1220. Vermicella annulata (Gray), Gthr. Catal. Col. Sn. p. 236. 88 As I have already stated, this Snake was first figured by White in the Appendix to his ‘ Journ. N.S. Wales;’ then we find it again in the ‘ Erpétologie générale,’ p. 1220, as Elaps occipitalis*. 'The description is short, and limited only to the coloration ; nothing is said of the scales, shields, or plates, which are so remarkable ; the native country is stated to be Rio de Janeiro; and one specimen is doubtfully mentioned as having been procured in New Holland. From this description I was led to consider FE. ocetpitalis, D. & B., as a spe- cies closely allied to Elaps corallinus (Catal. p. 234), and to describe the true EL. occipitalis as a new form, for which I accepted the deno- mination of Vermicella annulata, written by Dr. Gray on the bottle containing the snakes. Whether the ground-colour of this snake is red, as in the South American species, or white, still remains a question. White, who probably saw the animal alive, figures it as white, and does not mention it as being red. D. PaciLopuis. Elapide with slender and cylindrical body, with very short tail, and with depressed head, not distinct from neck. No other tooth behind the fang; fifteen rows of scales; anal entire; one nasal, pierced by the nostril; six upper labials ; one anterior, and one posterior ocular. Ornamental colours distributed in irregular spots. African region. 1. Pa@ciLopHis HyYGIz (Schleg.). Coluber lacteus, L. Mus. Ad. Frid. t. 18. f. 1. Elaps hygie, Schleg. Ess. p. 446, pl. 16. f. 14, 15 ; Dum. & Bibr. pe. 1213: S. Africa. 2. PacrLopHis DORSALIS (Smith). Elaps dorsalis, Smith, Mlustr. Zool. 8. Afr. App. p. 21. S. Africa. Duméril, in the ‘ Erpétologie générale,’ continues to place that unfortunate species of Merrem, Elaps lubricus, figured by Seba (ii. 34.4; 43.3; 62.4), with the South American species L. lemnis- catus in front, and with the Australian Vermicella occipitalis be- hind. It is placed in the genus Naja, first with the strange name of N. sommersetta, by Smith, and in more recent times as NV. fula-fula, by Bianconi. Merrem’s figure (Beitr. p. 9, pl. 2) is very easy to be recognized ; but the description is incorrect in several points. Schlegel properly separates it from Hlaps, and replaces it in Naja, according to his system. In the ‘ Illustrations of the Zoology of 8. Africa,’ by A.Smith, it ismentioned under two names,—first as Aspidelaps lubri- cus, and then as Cyrtophis scutatus. After having been thus strongly recommended as the type of a new genus, it is referred, after all, in * I am indebted, for the identification of this species with Vermicella annulata, to Professor Jan, who has recently visited the British and Parisian collections. 89 the ‘ Erpétologie générale,’ to Hlaps, which is the least fit for it. Finally, I have tried in my Catalogue to give a proper diagnosis for the name Cyrtophis, given by Sundevall, and published by Smith ; and if I add that the same Snake is the Coluber latonia of Daudin, and the Natrix lubrica of Laurenti, the synonymy will be complete. 7. LIst OF THE CCOLD-BLOODED VERTEBRATA COLLECTED BY Mr. FRAsER IN THE ANDES OF WESTERN Ecuapor. By Dr. A. GUNTHER. SAURIA. 1. Anolis eneus. 2. ? Anolis cristatellus, Dum. & Bibr. 3. Enyalius laticeps, Guichen. in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares, Rept. p. 20, pl. 5 a, 6. 4. Inocephalus ornatus. 5. Cercosaurus gaudichaudi. 6. Microphractus humeralis, n. g. & sp. 7. Proctoporus pachyurus, Tschudi, Faun. Per. p. 43, taf. 2. f. 2. = Riama unicolor, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 446, pl. xv. fig. 2. 8. Amphisbena fuliginosa. OpHIDIA. . Rhabdosoma elaps, n. sp., Gthr. Catal. Col. Sn. p. 241. . Lhophis teniurus. . Erythrolamprus venustissimus, var. D, Gthr. l. c. p. 48. Xenodon severus, var. C, Gthr. l.c. p. 54. . Spilotes poecilostoma. . Herpetodryas fuscus. . Leptognathus catesbyi, var., Gthr. l. c. p. 251. . Oxyrhopus petolarius, var. sebe. . Leptodeira annulata, Fitz. Dipsas annulata, Schleg. 10. Craspedocephalus atrox, var. leucurus, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p- 1508. BATRACHIA. 1. Cyclorhamphus marmoratus. 2. Bufo intermedius, n. sp., Gthr. Catal. Batr. p. 140, pl.ix. f. A. 3. Bufo agua. The male exhibits all the warts covered with © spies. Some of the black markings are very conspicuous, as is generally the case in young specimens from Brazil. 4. Otilophus margaritifer. 5. Hylodes conspicillatus, n. sp., Gthr. . c. p. 92. . Hylodes lineatus, Schneid., Gthr. l. c. p. 91. Hyla fasciata, n. sp., Gthr. J. c. p. 100, pl. 7. f. D. . Hyla rhodopepla, n. sp., Gthr. 7. c. p..112, pl. 7. f. EB. . Nototrema marsupiatum, Dum. & Bibr., Gthr. J. c. p. 115, pl. 10. f. B, B’, BY. COND = 90 Pisces. 1. Arges brachycephalus, un. sp. 2. Pygidium (Trichomycterus, Val.) dispar, Tschudi. In the figure, given in the ‘ Fauna Peruana,’ the ventral and dorsal fins are too far advanced towards the head. 3. Tetragonopterus peruanus, Miller. 4. Leporinus miilleri, n. sp. Nearly all the specimens on which the above list is founded, have been procured for the collection of the British Museum. Having already described the new species of Snakes and Batrachians, I here give an account of one Saurian and of the new Fishes. MicrorHractus, n. g. (Hopluride). Fingers and toes slender, not dilated. Head above covered with small irregular shields, without any distinct larger one. Body above with very smali granular scales, those along the middle of the back with a distinct keel; scales of the belly imbricate, smooth. Tail rounded, of moderate length, tapering, with rings of oblong scales, each with a strong keel in the diagonal line ; a very low crest along the back of trunk and tail. No femoral nor przanal pores. Tympanum distinct ; a fold on each side of the throat. No palatine teeth. MiIcROPHRACTUS HUMERALITS, nN. Sp. Diagnosis. — Above bluish green, marbled with dark brown ; round the shoulder a black band, lighter-edged, interrupted on the verte- ~ bral line ; beneath greenish-yellow ; throat marbled with bluish. Description.—The head is rather short and high, above spherical, with the interspace between the eyes of moderate width and flat ; the muzzle is rather short, blunt and rounded in front. The nostril is directed upwards, round, situated near the outline of the upper sur- face, rather prominent, and formed by a tubular opening of a single small shield. The eyes are of moderate size, with round pupil, not very prominent above the level of the crown. The ear is on the same level with the cleft of the mouth, larger than the eye, irregularly elliptic, and in front bordered by a fringed fold of the skin. All the upper surface of the head is covered by many small shields, irregu- larly arranged and smooth ; they are smallest on the posterior part of the occiput, and on the outer and front edges of the upper eyelid. Such shields occupy the loral region also, the cheeks bemg covered with granular smooth scales, as the sides of the neck. ‘The upper jaw is bordered in front by a broad, low labial, with a short upper prominence towards the forehead; the side of the upper jaw is covered by only four narrow and elongate shields; above this series is situated another one of still narrower and more irregular shields ; between this series and the eye is a long sword-shaped shield, bor- dering the orbit from beneath. The lower front labial is anteriorly rounded, and has laterally two sides for the symphysis with two shields or with two series of shields, which, somewhat divergent, are 91 separated from one another by a stripe of irregular elongate shields. The outer of these series borders the side of the lower lip, and is formed by five shields similar to the correspondent upper labials ; the inner series is formed by six or seven shields, shorter, quadran- gular, and becoming smaller behind. The triangular space between, of the chin and of the front part of the throat, is covered by minute granular scales. The trunk is depressed, with rounded sides, twice and one half as long as the head ; it is covered by minute, rhombic scales. Those of the vertebral line are largest, not quite the size of those of the belly, each with a medial keel, which, beg prominent, form together a low crest from the occiput to the middle of the tail; im several rows, nearest to the vertebral line, and especially nearest to the tail, the scales are apparently keeled ; on the neck, between the shoulders and on the sides, the scales are smallest, and exhibit more the appearance of fine granulations ; on the sides of the belly they assume again the ap- pearance of scales, are rhombic on the belly, and arranged in transverse rows, each with about twenty-eight scales. These rows are more oblique on the breast, but they are all perfectly smooth. The tail is not quite one and a half as long as head and trunk together ; it is stout, round, and tapering; it is surrounded by rings of oblong scales, about the size of those of the belly; each is provided with a strong keel, running in the diagonal line, and prominent behind. The scales of the dorsal line are rather smaller, more of a pentangular shape, and with a keel along the medial line. The extremities are covered with rhombic scales, apparently im- bricate ; the upper ones keeled, the lower ones smooth. The length of the front extremity—from the humeral joint to the base of the fourth toe—is as long as the head ; and the fourth toe is the longest, and half that length. The third is scarcely shorter ; then comes the second, the fifth, and finally the first, being not quite one-half of the third. They are all slightly compressed, above smooth, beneath rough by the keels of scales, and provided with acute curved claws. The posterior extremity (without the foot) is not quite half as long as the trunk, and the hand one and one-third as long as the head; the fifth toe is separated from the four inner ones, and about as long as the third (from the point where they become free). The fourth toe is far the longest ; then comes the third (and fifth), then the second, and finally the first, the latter being not quite half the length of the fifth. The ground-colour of the upper parts is bluish-green, in one of the specimens greenish-brown, which colour predominates on the head and tail. All the upper parts, the head excepted, or at least the middle of the back and tail, are marked with dark brown. On each side of the shoulder, in front of the base of the fore extremity, is a black cross-band, lighter edged ; it reaches from the fold on the side of the throat, across the shoulder to near the vertebral crest. The lower parts are greenish-yellow, the throat being marked with bluish- green. 92 inch. lines Length of the head (to the front-edge of the tympanum) 0 Breadth: or the head” coe ge aa tac GPa eae Length of the trunk (to the ae RHO of the tail . Ba dO: coe ansea seta ofthe humetis., “a0 ee Of thie 1Ore-ani: store oe ee — of the fourth finger .... , —— of the first finger ...... ——— of the entire fore extremity . oyna ——— of the femur............ Sieh cae atacg aves pe of the lower lego cccs)5 storage they eee eee ee Of the foots. 9 aus. ue cane of the fourth toe.«, Go oseiaies as Ser eee of the fifth: toe 32,4255. -(da, of Oe, ee ere of the first foe a5 ee noe ec ageate ee Bo) oe pr of the entire hinder extremity . Entire length wah ACOH NH @® Coors o[Do Ale ols Ale ~“1pooocoocorooooraAN © CK WOanwoans oe pees cece ee sescer ee ss ee Geese ee eee seeeo eve ARGES BRACHYCEPHALUS, n. sp. (Siluride). The length of the head is one-fifth of the total length; the eyes are situated nearly in the middle of the length of the head; the nostrils are much nearer the extremity of the snout than to the orbit ; ventral fins inserted just below the extremity of the pectoral, on the same level with the dorsal. Brown, dotted with black. Length 7”. In other respects the specimens agree with the description given by Valenciennes of Arges sabalo; but those differences in the ae as stated above, are fully sufficient to distinguish the species. There were four specimens, besides several young ones, in Mr. Fraser’s col- lection, the acquisition of which appears the more desirable, as one specimen only of the other species is known to exist in European collections. LEPORINUS MULLERI, n. sp. (Characini, Mill.). B.4. D.11. A. 14. L. lat. 39. L. transv. 5/3. The height of the body is contained 33 in the total length; the length of the head 42 ; the diameter of the eye is rather longer than one-fourth of the length of the head, and equal to the length of the snout. The pectoral fins are not quite as long as the head, and reach to the root of the ventrals; these are inserted just below the front end of the dorsal. Back brownish ; ; sides lighter; a blackish band from a deep-black spot on the shoulder to the root of caudal-fin. Teeth.—Those in the upper jaw are molar teeth, partly bluntly conical, with a brown top; others have lost their point, and appear rounded. They may be considered to be arranged in three series ; in the front series are two teeth only, the strongest, one on the left side, and one on the right ; the second series is interrupted in the middle, each half being composed of four teeth; one tooth (the second) stands a little more out of the row, towards the front; the third series is the most complete, is curved, extending on the maxillary, “4 93 and composed of sixteen teeth, the lateral ones bemg smallest. There is one series only in the lower jaw: six are situated in front; they are very powerful, slightly compressed; some exhibit a small point on each side; besides these there are two or three small ones on the side of the jaw. : Czeca pylorica 6; abdominal vertebree 18, caudal 21; no pseudo- branchize. Total length 3inch. 10 lin.; height of the body 1 inch ; length of the head 93 lin. February 8, 1859. Dr. Gray, V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. List or Birps FROM THE FALKLAND IsLANDs, witH Dr- SCRIPTIONS OF THE EGGS OF SOME OF THE SPECIES, FROM SPECIMENS COLLECTED PRINCIPALLY BY CapTaIN C. C. ABBOTT, OF THE FALKLAND IsLANDS DETACHMENT. By JOHN GOULD, Esa., F.R.S., Etc. CaTHARTES AURA. Turkey Buzzard. Captain Abbott mentions the Turkey Buzzard as inhabiting the Falkland Islands ; and on reference to Mr. Darwin’s ‘ Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle,’ I find that the bird which he states is the Ca- thartes aura had also been noticed there by him ; but as much inter- est attaches to this group of birds, particularly as regards the range of the species, it is desirable that Mr. Darwin’s opinion of its being the true C. aura should be. confirmed or refuted by the receipt of more examples. The egg of the Falkland Islands bird procured by Captain Abbott is of a light stone-colour, sparingly blotched and streaked with red- dish-brown, some of the blotches being larger and more distinct than others. Length nearly 2 inches, by an inch and a half in breadth. MILVAGO LEUCURUS. Falco leucurus, Forster’s Drawings. Falco nove-zelandiea, Gmel. Falco australis, Lath. BuTEO ERYTHRONOTUS. Halieetus erythronotus, King. Buteo tricolor, D’Orb. The ground-colour of the egg of this species is greyish-white, very 94 slightly stained or washed in parts with light buff, largely blotched with strongly contrasting umber-brown at the smaller end, and apes or freckled with the same colour at the larger end. Length 33; inches; breadth 13. Buteo varius, Gould. This bird has been considered by some writers as identical with the preceding species ; but in the opinion of J. H. Gurney, Esq., who has paid much attention to the subject, the two birds are distinct. In a letter from Captain Abbott, that gentleman inquires what are the names of the Hawks sent home by him, as he finds them so different,—thus implying that there are more than one. The following description applies to the egg of this bird, whether it be or be not a distinct species. The general colour is a dull stony- white, blotched all over with light chestnut-red, the blotches in- creasing in size at the smaller end; the egg is also thickly Ee all over with dots and speckles of the same colour. Length 2°; inches ; breadth 12. CIRCUS CINEREUS, Vieill. Otus Pautustris, Gould. TURDUS FALKLANDICUS. The egg, which somewhat resembles that of the English Black- bird, is of a pale green, blotched all over, but siete at the _ larger end, with reddish-brown. Length 12; breadth + Darwin states that the bird “ chiefly inhabits the more rocky and drier hills. It haunts also the neighbourhood of the settlement, and very frequently may be seen within old sheds. In this respect, and generally in its habits, it resembles the English Song Thrush (Turdus musicus) ; its cry, however, is different. It is tame, silent, and inquisitive.” STURNELLA MILITARIS. The egg is somewhat lengthened in form, of a greenish stone- colour, suffused here and there with purplish-red, and blotched and obliquely streaked with dark crooked marks of chestnut-red, parti- cularly at the larger end: blotches and spots of a darker hue also ohh appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell. Length 1,3,; breadth 2. The nest, which appears to have been placed on the ground, is of large size, neat and cup-shaped in form, and entirely composed of extremely fine grasses; externally it is 71 inches over, while the internal cavity measures 34, Mr. Darwin states that he ‘‘ met with specimens of this bird on the east coast of the continent, from the Falkland Islands to 31° S., and on the western coast, from the Straits of Magellan to pet a space of forty degrees of latitude.” 95 OPETIORHYNCHUS VULGARIS. Upucerthia vulgaris, D’Orb. & Lafr. Brought from the Falkland Islands by Mr. Darwin. OPETIORHYNCHUS ANTARCTICUS. Mr. Darwin states that the O. antarcticus has been long noticed by voyagers to the Falkland Islands, from its extreme tameness. In the year 1763, Pernety states, it was so tame, that it would almost perch on his finger, and that in half an hour he killed ten with a wand. TROGLODYTES PLATENSIS. MUSCISAXICOLA MACLOVIANA. Darwin states that this species inhabits the east Falkland Islands. ANTHUS CORRENDERA, Vieill. The egg of this bird may be thus described :—General hue olive stone-colour, very thickly blotched and sprinkled, ele at the larger end, with deep umber-brown. Length 13; breadth ;° The nest, which is of a cup-shaped form and very neatly made, is entirely composed of the stalks and fibres of fine grasses, the lining, although of the same material, being much finer than the exterior ; its diameter externally is 5 inches, and of the opening 21. MELANODERA TyYPICA, Bp. Mr. Darwin states that this bird is extremely abundant, in large scattered flocks, in the Falkland Islands. I believe this is the bird which Capt. Abbott calls the Sparrow of those islands ; if so, the following is a description of its eggs and nest :— Ground-colour of the egg pale green, spotted and freckled all over with deep chestnut-brown ; the spots so thickly deposited at BE larger end, as to all but exclude the ground-colour. Length 15 breadth 2. The nest is outwardly composed of strong grass-stalks, lined with finer grasses and a few ‘feathers ; it is 54 inches over, the interior cavity being 23. te MELANODERA XANTHOGRAMMA, Bp. ‘This species,” says Mr. Darwin, ‘‘is commen on the Falkland Islands, and it often occurs mingled in the same flocks with the last ne: I suspect, however, tt more commonly frequents the higher parts of the hills.” CHIONIS ALBA. SQUATAROLA? CINCTA. As Mr. Darwin states that this bird is common in the upland 96 marshes of the Falklands, and as Captain Abbott has sent eggs of a bird which he calls the Dottrel, I have little doubt that the follow- ing description applies to the egg of this bird :— Ground-colour pale greenish-olive, conspicuously and strongly blotched and streaked all over with blackish brown; 14 inch long by 1,3, broad. LIMOSA HUDSONICA ? HzMatopus unicotor? Black Oyster-catcher. A very large egg, the ground-colour of which is olive stone- colour, blotched, spotted, and streaked with umber-brown, some of the blotches being much larger than others, while some are of a more olive hue, are obscure, and appear as if beneath the surface of the shell,—the umber-brown hue prevailing at the larger end. Length 21 inches; breadth 12. NyYCTOCORAX AMERICANA. Egg uniform light greenish blue. Length 2 inches; breadth 14. CHLOEPHAGA MAGELLANICA (Gm.). This bird lays a beautifully-formed egg, of a uniform light buffy cream-colour, 3+ inches long by 2+ in breadth. CHLOEPHAGA POLIOCEPHALA, Gray. Bernicla inornata, Gray & Mitch. Gen. B. pl. 165 (nec King). BERNICLA ANTARCTICA. The egg of this bird is of a lengthened elegant form, and of a light buffy cream-colour, 24 inches-long by 17 broad. QUERQUEDULA CRECCOIDES. A lengthened oval egg, of a uniform buffy stone-colour. Length 24 inches; breadth 15%. QUERQUEDULA CHRULEATA. Anas rafiesi, King. Fine specimens were sent by Capt. Abbott. MARECA CHILOENSIS. ANAS! CRISTATA. A handsomely-shaped, somewhat pointed egg, of a uniform vina- ceous buff-colour. Length 22 inches; breadth 2. MICROPTERUS CINEREUS. Anas brachyptera, Lath. A rather long and elegantly-formed egg, of a uniform buffy stone- colour. Length 34 inches ; breadth 21. 97 LARUS DOMINICANUS. A young specimen sent by Captain Abbot. GAVIA ROSEIVENTRIS, Gould, sp. nov. I describe this Gull as new, with a degree of hesitation, since it is hardly to be supposed that a bird of this magnitude, and doubtless, like the other members of the group, of very wandering habits, should not have been noticed and described. Still I can find no description which answers to this somewhat anomalous bird ; neither does it ac- cord with any of the numerous species contained in our national Museum. I make use of the word anomalous, because, although I cannot separate it from the little group of Gulls, of which our well- known species Gavia redibunda forms a part, it differs from them in several particulars. In the first place, the specimen, which is cer- tainly fully adult, has a nearly white head, the hinder part only being clouded with dusky, inducing the belief that a black hood was its characteristic at another season; yet, strange to say, the bill, legs, and feet are of the most intense coral-red ; moreover these organs are very thick and fleshy, much more so than is ever seen in G. ridibunda and its allies; the gape, also, is wider than in the other members of the group, while the bill and tarsi are shorter; the hind toes of this, the only specimen I have seen, are well developed, but are entirely destitute of nails (probably from accident or injury) ; and, lastly, the neck and breast are suffused with a beautiful pinkish rose-colour—a colour, which, in spite of every care, disappears after a - time, and which has sensibly diminished durmg the two months it has been under my notice; the three first primaries have their ter- minal portions entirely white, and the tail also is white, in which respects it agrees with the Black-headed Gulls in the British Mu- seum, said to be from the Falkland Islands and the Straits of Ma- gellan. The following is an accurate description of this Gull :— Tail, head, neck, and all the under surface white, suffused on the breast and abdomen with rich pinkish rose-colour ; back of the head clouded with dusky ; back and wings silvery-grey ; primaries white, the first narrowly edged on the base of the external web, and broadly marked on the base of the internal web, with black, the remainder broadly margined on the internal web with black nearly to the tip ; tail white; bill, legs, and feet coral-red. Total length 13 inches, bill 12, wing 114, tail 33, tarsi 13. Ground-colour of the egg light olive, elegantly variegated’ with irregularly-shaped markings of umber-brown, disposed in a zone near the larger end, and continued more sparingly over the whole surface, some of them appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell: these markings assume various V-shaped, arrow-headed, tail- shaped, and other fantastic forms. A lengthened and very pretty egg. Length 2 inches ; breadth 12. No. 390.—PRocrEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLGGICAL SOCIETY. 98 MEGALESTRIS ANTARCTICA. (Skua Gull.) A boldly-marked and handsome egg, of uniform greenish-buff, blotched and speckled all over with deep umber-brown, interspersed with large, obscure, clouded blotches appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell. Length 3 inches; breadth 2. PopDICEPS ROLLANDI. PoODICEPS CALIPAREUS. PELECANOIDES BERARDI. EUDYPTES PAPUA. Egg uniform bluish-white, largely stained in parts with buff. Length 243 inches ; breadth 23. APTENODYTES PENNANTI. CYGNUS NIGRICOLLIS. ‘© MoLLyY MAUK.” Supposed to be either Diomedea fuliginosa or Diomedea melano- phrys. A very long, but rather elegant, oval-shaped egg, the ground- colour of which is a stony-white, slightly washed with pink, and with a zone of brownish-buff round the larger end. This buff zone differs in form in different eggs, some having the entire end of this hue, while in others it is merely a ring. Length 44; breadth 22. THALASSIDROMA NEREIS. 2; ON A NEW SPECIES OF OpontToPrHoORUS. By Joun GouLp, Esa., F.R.S., etc. Two specimens of a fine species of Odontophorus having been placed im my hands by Mr. Sclater, for the purpose of comparing it with the other known members of the group, I beg to state that, after having done so with great care, I can come to no other conclusion than that it differs from the whole of them. It is most nearly allied to the O. speciosus of Tschudi, and the O. hyper ythrus, Gould, but differs from the former in the much darker colouring of its upper surface, and in the rich rusty-red colouring of its forehead ; it is also distinguished by having a broad band of the same colour sur- mounting the eye and extending to the nape of the neck, where it is met by a similar band, which commences at the base of the upper mandible, extends under the eye, through the ear, which feature has suggested the name of erythrops as its specific appellation. From the O. hyperythrus it differs in having a shorter and more obtuse bill, and in the weil-defined black marking of the throat. The bird was discovered at Pallatanga in Ecuador, by Mr. Fraser. 99 ODONTOPHORUS ERYTHROPS. Forehead, stripe over and another below the eye, extending beyond the ear-coverts, deep rust-red; crown of the head dark-brown; all the upper surface dark chocolate-brown, blotched and freckled with black ; a small spot of buffy-white at the tip of each of the wing- coverts ; throat and upper part of the neck jet-black : in the centre of this black mark, near its lower margin, a few of the feathers are snowy- white at the base, forming an indistinct lunar-shaped mark. Under surface, rich deep chestnut; feathers of the short tail and the pri- maries brownish black, the outer margins of the latter freckled with buff; thighs and under tail-coverts rayed transversely with black and lighter chestnut ; bill black; feet blackish horn-colour. Total length 104 inches, bill 4, wing 53, tail 24, tarsi 12. 3. On THe MEMBERS OF THE GENUS RUPICOLA, AND WHETHER THERE BE [wo OR MORE SPECIES. By Joun Gou_p, Hsa., F.R.S. At present only two species of this splendid group of birds have been characterized, namely the Rupzcola crocea and R. peruviana. It is true that several other specific names have been proposed by various writers, such as aurantia, cayana, and elegans; but I believe these terms all have reference to the first-mentioned species—the Pipra rupicola of Linneeus, the Rupicola crocea of Bonnaterre—a bird sent to Europe, and particularly to France, in the greatest abun- dance from Cayenne. There can be no doubt that the second species, the R. peruviana of Latham, is distinct from the R. crocea; but there is much doubt as to whether the specimens sent from Bogota be identical with the R. peruviana, since it is not to be found in the intervening country of Ecuador, whence we have long received a splendid bird, which I believe is not yet described, and to which I propose to give the name of R. sanguinolenta. At all events I have signally failed in my endeavours to see a male specimen of a Cock of the Rock from Peru, by which means alone the question can be de- termined ; on the other hand, I have a female or young male from that country, which appears to differ from the females or young spe- cimens from Bogota. In the present state of our knowledge of the subject, it will be advisable to leave the pomt undecided, and describe the bird from Ecuador, which is at once distinguished from its con- geners by the deep blood-red colouring of its plumage, as compared with the bird from Bogota ; it also differs in its smaller size, and in the relative lengths of its wings and tail. Before describing the A. sanguinolenta, 1 may mention, that specimens of &. crocea trom De- merara, although very similar in colour to those sent from Cayenne, differ considerably in the form and size of the crest,—that of the Demerara specimens being much smaller and rounder, and having the terminal crescent of brown ‘much darker than in the more di- lated crest of the Cayenne birds. 100 RuPICOLA SANGUINOLENTA. Crest (which is destitute of the terminal crescentic brown mark observable in the other species), the entire plumage of the body, the lesser wing-coverts, the under wing-coverts, and the thighs rich blood-red ; the greater wing-coverts, wings, tail, and the extremities of the larger under wing-coverts velvety-black ; tertiaries very broad, and of a fine silvery grey; bill and feet yellow. Total length 12 inches, bill 13, wing 7, tail 5, tarsi 14. 4. On a NEw Species OF DENDROCHELIDON, OR TREE SWIFT. By Joun Gou Lp, Esa., F.R.S., ETc. The highly interesting group of Tree Swifts forming the genus Dendrochelidon has recently been augmented by the discovery of a new species in Celebes by Mr. Wallace—the fifth of the form with which we are now acquainted—the four previously known being the splendid D. mystaceus of New Guinea and the Aru Islands, the D. comatus of Manilla and Malasia, the old D. klecho of Java, and the D. coronatus of India. The new species (which is the second in size, being only exceeded in this respect by the D. mystaceus) is, as already stated, from Macassar, Celebes ; it is most nearly allied to the D. comatus and D. klecho, but differs from both those birds in its much larger size, and in the deep-blue colouring of its shoulders and wings. This bird, which I have named wal/lacii in honour of its discoverer, may be thus described :— DENDROCHELIDON WALLACII. Crown of the head deep green, with steel-blue reflexions ; lores black ; over each eye an indistinct stripe of greyish-white ; sides and back of the neck and the upper part of the back green, passing into grey on the lower part of the back and rump, which colour again passes into the bluish-green of the upper tail-coverts; shoulders blue, with reflexions of green; primaries bluish-black, with green reflexions ; tertiaries greyish-white; tail bluish-black; throat and under surface grey, passing into greyish-white on the vent and under tail-coverts ; bill and feet olive. Total length 10 inches; bill, from gape to tip, 4; wing 73, tail 54. ; Remark.—The usual chestnut-coloured mark immediately below the ear, indicative of the male, occurs in this as in the other mem- bers of the genus. Mr. Gould exhibited a specimen of Crithragra brasiliensis, a na- tive of Brazil, forwarded to him by Mr. Stone of Brighthampton, which was shot in October last at Bampton in Oxfordshire, whilst in company with a flock of Sparrows. It had in all probability been brought to this country caged, but had evidently moulted since ob- taining its freedom. ‘ ee + i 1 i eacy ly hes ‘ 3 Rae) Penta ae ia 101 5. On a New Genus or GOAT-SUCKER, AND ON A NEw SPECIES oF ENICURUS, BOTH FROM DARJEELING, FROM THE COL- LECTION OF Brian H. Hopeson, Esa. By Geo. R. Gray, F.L.S. (Aves, Pl. CLIT.) OroruHRix, G. R. Gray, gen. nov. This bird differs from the Indian Batrachostomi in the smallness of its bill, and in the general markings of its plumage, which agree in some measure with the species of true Podargus. The feathers over the upper mandible in front of the head and above the ears are much prolonged into fine hair-like bristles; they are composed of a long slender stem, having very slender branches, springing from the sides at various distances, and thus agreeing with those of the Australian genus Agetheles The bill is strong, with the nostrils situated like those of Batrachostomus, and of simi- lar form. These characters induce the proposal of a new division for this remarkably curious species, under the appellation of Otothriz. OroTuHrix HopGsoNn:. (Pl. CLII.) Head black, each feather banded and slightly margined with ru- fous-white; the back and wing-coverts ferruginous, mottled with black, and varied with occasional blotches of white; the quills, secondaries, and tertials brownish-black, marked on the outer and inner margins with blotches of rufous-white ; tail ferruginous, speckled with black, obliquely banded on each web with rufous- white, which is irregularly margined and marked with black, and tipped with black, slightly edged with white. Beneath the body white, timged in some parts with rufous, and each feather irregularly marked at or near the tip with black. Total length 103", wings 51’. Young bird.— Pale rufous, having each feather barred with black, a band over the eyes crossing the forehead, and some spots on the scapulars pure white. Under surface white, tinged with rufous, and barred with brown. This remarkable bird is named after Brian H. Hodgson, Esq., as it forms part of the enormous collection of Birds made by that gen- tleman in Northern India, especially Nepaul, Behar, &c., many of which were new to science. Some of these have been described by Mr. Hodgson in the ‘ Asiatic Researches,’ ‘ Journal of the Asiatic Society,’ &c., while others have been recently described in Dr. Hors- - field’s ‘Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the East India Company.’ Not content with forming such large collections of skins, he, at the same time, had them represented in a series of in- structive drawings, introducing the sterna and other anatomical illus- trations of peculiarities in their organic structure; while many of them also show the formation of the nests, &c., most of which par- ticulars were hitherto unknown. These collections together form a 102 series of materials for ornithologists that has been but rarely equalled by the collection of any other naturalist of late years. We are therefore well warranted in designating this singular bird in honour of Mr. Hodgson, as showing our appreciation of his labours in the cause of ornithological science. ENICURUS NIGRIFRONS, Hodgs. Black ; upper tail-coverts, a band across the middie of each wing, the base of the middle feathers and the two outer feathers of tail, -and under surface white; the throat and breast mottled with black and white ; bill black ; legs pale yellow. Total length 6", wings 2! 11!, tarsi 1". This species is easily distinguished from all the rest of the species of Enicurus by the black forehead and mottled breast. 6. On THE SEA Bear or Foster, tHe URSUS MARINUS OF STELLER, ARCTOCEPHALUS URSINUS OF AuTHORS. By Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P. Ent. Soc. (Mammalia, Pl. LX VIII.) Steller figures and describes a large Seal under the name of Ursus marinus (Nov. Comm. Petrop. i. 331, t. 15), which is the author- ity for the Ursine Seal of Pennant (Quad. ii. 526) and Phoca ursina of Schreber, Gmelin, and most succeeding authors. Forster, in Cook’s ‘ Second Voyage’ (ii. 203), appears to speak of the same animal under the name of ‘‘ Sea Bear.” IT had not been able to see a specimen of this species in any of the Museums which I had examined on the Continent or in En- gland, or to find a skull of the genus from the Northern Pacific Ocean; yet I felt so assured, from Steller’s description and the geo- graphical position, that it must be distinct from the Eared Fur-Seals from the Antarctic Ocean and Australia, with which it has been usually confounded, that in my ‘Catalogue of Seals in the Col- lection of the British Museum,’ I regarded it as a-distinct species under the name of Arctocephalus ursinus, giving an abridgment of Steller’s description as its specific character. - The British Museum has just received, under the name Otaria leonina, from Amsterdam, a specimen of the Sea Bear from Behring’s Straits, which was obtained from St. Petersburg. It is evidently not an Otaria, but a true Arctocephalus, and agrees in all its cha- racters with the Sea Bear, Ursus marinus of Steller, and not with the Sea Lion or Leo marinus of that auther, which is called Otaria stelleri in my catalogues, and was confounded with Otaria leonina of the Southern Pacific Ocean by Nilsson and most modern authors. The latter animal is still a desideratum in the British Museum and other European Collections. The skin is 8 feet long, and agrees in all particulars with Steller’s POL) yee “duit SOAK N SANISHN SO IVHdSD0OL0EV vee PN UO A Te eee aggecAKE TFG ‘ garnls enter arnegsi FT St ee tS i mn SENAY Os tise i Ln ey at We 33 Fis Bid vy ny TOR " oe) ahr ny Hit See Nai oan v ‘dint ys VYeEOHaGOiN Hl SMe horny ee a ee oe ee ee ee ad = — =e a a ee wth Pete a ee 7 eg. De mrtlnereenemtn Me Foret lpenitgs oioge i tRMOMRiatS Ses sees ae 103 description of the adult male of the species, and is most distinct in external character and colour from the Fur-Seal (4. falklandicus) of the Falkland Islands and of 4. lobatus from Australia. The skull is equally distinct from the various skulls of all the species of the genus Arctocephalus (both Fur- and Hair-Seals) which are in the collection of the British Museum, and is easily known from them by the shortness of the face and the height and convexity of the nose. See Plate LXVIII. The skull of this specimen is quite distinct from the skull of the Arctocephalus gilliespii of California, recently described by Dr. Mac Bain in the ‘ Proceedings of the Physical Society of Edinburgh,’ under the name of Otaria gilliespii, from a skull m the Edinburgh Natural History Museum, of which we have a cast in the British Museum : but we are not able to ascertain with certainty whether this is aFur- or Hair-Seal, though, from the length of the palate, compared with the width of the skuil at the hinder grinders, I am induced te believe that it may belong to an animal which has a soft under fur. This proves that the Seals from the different parts of the West Coast of America are distinct from each other, each specimen having a specific geographical range. ARCTOCEPHALUS URSINUS. Northern Fur-Seal. Adult male grey-black ; hair of the back long, black, reddish, with a subterminal band and a short grey tip; under fur short, woolly, red ; the hair of the neck and front of the body longer, forming a kind of mane; lips and nose reddish; whiskers very long, strong, white, smooth, tapering to a fine point. Skull short, forehead very convex and rounded. Hab. Behring’s Straits. I may state that the name Arctocephalus ursinus 1s usually applied to the various species of Eared Fur-Seals found in the different English and Continental Museums. » 7. DescrieTION oF A New Species or Fisu, Prerisreravus RIEFFELI. By Pror. Dr. Kaup. (Pisces, Pl. VIII.) This new species is an inhabitant of the seas of China and perhaps Japan, and shows, with a species of Japan and two of the Moluccas, that the Mediterranean species is not so isolated as we have hitherto believed. The genus Peristethus (Peristedion) is to be placed in the middle of the subfamily Trigline, and connects the similar forms of Dace- tyloptera with those which are near to the genus Trigla. The highest genera, Cephalacanthus and Dactyloptera, have no separated rays on the pectorals, a thorn-shaped prolongation of the preopercle, and a normal covering of scales without a trace of lateral line. 104 The lowest group shows also a high head, less obtuse, and three free articulated rays on the pectorals, small scales, and a distinct lateral line. To this section belong Prionotus and Trigla. The genus Peristethus, which connects both groups, has only two articulated rays before the pectorals ; and before the commencement of the small furcated caudal are three carinated scales, of which there are two only in Dactyloptera. The strongly-armed body is without a lateral line. From these characters, this genus is more allied to the last than the first group. As in Trigla lyra, the snout is fureated, and along the dorsal line is a series of elevated thorns, by which the dorsals are placed in a more or less deep furrow. if we see marks enough to connect Peristethus with one or the other group, there is also a series of characters by which this genus differs from all the others. Peristethus shows no trace of teeth im either jaw; and the symphysis of the lower jaw has fringed skin-flaps, more or less moveable, hangmg downwards. The head is long and very compressed, with two fork-shaped prolongations on the end of the snout. Every part of this fork is rough on the mar- gins, and on its lower part are four cavities covered with a thin transparent skin. The long head is only three times the length of the body ; and the body has a pyramidal form with eight sides. All the scales are connected one with another, and have in the middle a thorn directed backwards. The pectorals are of middle length, not quite reaching the ventrals, and show only two free fingers. The over-breast and belly are of two shields, with a serrated suture in the middle, and elevated on the margins; the first shield is larger and longer than the second, which is rarely separated in two. The dorsal commences on the second ring of the body and reaches not quite to the end of the body. The males are distinguished by the first rays of the dorsal being thin, filiform, and elongated. This is the case in the European species ; and the others are no exception. The anal commences next the anal ring, and is as long as the second dorsal. The colour is red ; but this colour changes after death to a dirty ochreous-yellow. The flesh of the smaller species is very dry and is not used. The Mediterranean species is not rare, but the fishermen take it only as a curiosity. The cavities in the two branches of the fork make it very weak and fragile ; and most examples of these fishes have lost one or both parts of their fork. In quite perfect specimens we never find the fork longer than an inch ; therefore the horned fish of Plny must be distinct from the Mediterranean fish. This horned fish of Pliny had horns of 18 inches in length, and is, according to the opinion of Cuvier and Valenciennes, the Cephaloptera, which Rondelet has never. seen or described. : It is, in fact, curious, that the old authors never mention the Cataphractus,—the reason probably being its rare appearance, its smallness, and its bad flesh. 105 As I always place the smallest forms with the most rounded skull at the head, and give the bird-types with the largest pectorals, which enable these forms to fly, the second place, and as I see in the Peristethus the bone- or reptile-fish, and in Prionotus the real fish- type, my arrangement of the genera in this little subfamily is as follows :— I. CEPHALACANTHUS. II. DactyLoprera. Ill. Peristreruus. IV. Prionorus. V. Trica. After this preface, we proceed to distinguish the different species of Genus II]. Peritstreraus (PERISTEDION*). PerisTeTHus caTaPpHrRaActus. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.) Peristedion cataphractum, Lac. P. cataphractum (3) et chabrontera (2), Risso, i. p. 402. Octonus holosteon, Raf. Trigla hispanorum chabrontera, Osb. Trigla hamata, Bl. Schn. Malarmat, Rond. p. 237 (3), excellent fig. ; Cuvier & Vai. iv. p- 101 (d), excellent fig. Peristedion malamart, Yarr. p. 67 (¢), excellent fig. This figure of Bloch, t. 49 (¢), is bad, shows too many scales and rays in the second dorsal. Diagn.—Front with three thorns. Eye-covers with thorns. Pre- opercle leaf-shaped, without prolongation. The length of the head to the breadth under the middle of the eyes as 2,5: 1. Breadth of the head nearly equal to its height, measured under the eyes. The forks more or less divergent. Not exceeding the length of a foot. Common in the Mediter- ranean, more rare in the Channel. PERISTETHUS ORIENTALIS. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.) Peristedion orientale, T. & Schleg. Fn. Jap. t. xiv. f. 5, 6; t. xv. fo 2: Similar in length to P. cataphractus, but without thorns on the front, and eye-covering. A female, besides the short rays of the first dorsal, shows the ventral shield separated into two, which is abnor- mal. On the symphysis are three small skin prolongations, and behind it a longer one. I find the true specific character in the form of the head, and therefore doubt whether the number of the rays shows a great dif- ference from the other species. * The name Peristedion is wrongly formed. 106 PERISTETHUS RIEFFELI, Kaup. (Pl. VIII. fig. 3.) Thorns on the front, not on the eye-margins ; parts of the fork broader, and convergent towards the end. The breadth of the head is to the length as 1:12. The height of the head not quite half the breadth. The thorn-shaped prolongation of the preopercle not comparable with those of P. cataphractus and P. orientalis. The eyes are proportionately smaller, the front narrower and more con- cave, than in P. cataphractus and P. orientalis. When we compare its head with those of the other species, we are led to believe that such a head belongs to a larger fish, which, however, is not the case. Our fish is scarcely larger than a large individual of P. cataphractus. In one cavity of the eye of a dry example I found a piece of China paper with the written characters of the country. From that, and the maceration and the varnish, I believe that this example came in an insect-box from China; it is, judging by the short rays of the first dorsal, a female. I have named this very interesting species in honour of the me- mory of my true and excellent friend De Rieffel, who has done so much for our Museum and University. Besides these smaller species of Peristethus, there appear to be two mentioned by older authors, which attain an immense size. The first I call PERISTETHUS GIGAS. Length 3 feet, of which the head is one-third. In Valentyn, ‘Oud en nieuw Ostindien,’ tom. i. p. 363, fig. 55, is a fish mentioned and figured under the name Tkan Scythian Merah (Red Devil Fish), which belongs, according to Cuvier, to this genus. A bad plate of this is also given in Renard’s ‘ Poissons et Here- visses,’ fig. 67. What makes me doubt whether Renard copied the engraving of Valentyn, is that on the surface of the fork are cavities covered with membranes, which we do not see in the figure of Valentyn. Therefore I believe that both authors used one and the same painting belonging to another collection, made at Amboyna. These cavities on the upperside of the bifurcated snout, which we find in the better known species on the underside, permit us to hazard two conjectures. Hither this species has these cavities on both sides of the fork, or, by the mistake of the first drawer, the cavities of the under side are erroneously placed on the upper side. According to Renard, this fish reaches the length of 8 feet 7 inches ; but this does not agree with the assertion of Valentyn. According to the latter, the flesh of this fish is dry and without flavour ; Renard says it is similar to that of the Sturgeon. The last opinion is cer- tainly not founded on experience, but on the analogy of this fish with the Sturgeon. I have more confidence in old Valentyn than Renard, and consequently think that the size of 8 feet is an exaggeration, and that the length given by Valentyn is the more exact. Another species, not yet rediscovered, CY eae vA) ae Re nevis Rasta aN “drut wa AA TIGNW Tv lad 10 Seas ee e CTT BWUUTe NY GS '7 O01 a a - a ER reg a es a - elon a intel Sivas = oe + ox Fee aor 5 i gE - ay yan a Doobie ath ; b NS SSN hy me Sat) ioe ie Ny) Nas NOOT CTPOUUL ET ie ot cate dite beets Dkk a7, Song 107 PERISTETHUS BREVIFURCATUS, is figured, according to Cuvier and Valenciennes, in Cornelius v. Vlaming’s Manuscript, nos. 165, 166. This fish is called Sturgeon of Banda, and has the fork of the snout not more largely developed than in Trigla lyra. Like P. gigas, it grows to a considerable size. A third species is mentioned by Cuvier in few words: ‘ Ainsi l’on doit croire qu’il y a dans la mer des Indes une espéce de ce genre _ différente de la nétre.”’ This third species of Cuvier is perhaps P. orientalis, or my new P. rieffel. February 22nd, 1859. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On THE Earep SEAL OF THE Care or Goop Hope (Oraria DELALANDII). By Dr. J. HE. Gray, F.RB.S., V.P.Z.8. (Mammalia, Pl. LXIX.-LXX.) At the preceding meeting, I gave an account of the Eared Seal from Behring’s Straits, showing that it was distinct from the species found in other localities. I have since received from Paris a fine specimen of an adult Eared Seal from the Cape of Good Hope, which has been described in the Catalogue as Phoca, or Otaria delalandit. Like the Seal from Behring’s Straits, it proves to be a species of Arc- tocephalus, and, like it, is quite distinct from any of the species of that genus in the British Museum, being well characterized by the form and structure of the skull. : It is, like the Behring’s Straits Seal, a Fur-Seal ; that is to say, it has a close coat of red under-fur at the roots of the rigid flattened hair; but this under-fur is much shorter and less abundant in the adult specimen now under examination than in the adult specimen of the Kared Fur-Seal from Behring’s Straits, or in the Eared Fur- Seal of the Falkland Islands. The adult is about the same size ace Seal from the Arctic Circle, but is much paler in its general colour. ARCTOCEPHALUS DELALANDII. (Pl. LXIX.) Yair rigid, under-fur small in quantity, reddish-brown ; the hinder part of the palate with a deep narrow cavity, acutely angular in front. Junior ? Le petit phoque, Buffon, Hist. Nat. xii. 341, t. 53. Inttle Seal, Penn. Quad. 243, from Buffon. Phoca parva, Bodd. Elench. 78, from Buffon. Phoca pusilla, Schreb. Saugeth. 314, t. 85, from Buffon. 108 Otaria pusilla, Desm. N. Dict. xxv. 600. Otaria peronii, Desm. Mamm. 250, 382; Encyc. Méthod. t. 111. f. 2, from. Buffon. Loup-marin, Pages, Voy. aut. du Monde, ii. 32. Adult. Otaria delalandu, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. xxxix. 423 ; Cuvier, Oss. Foss. v. 220, t. 18. f. 15, skull. Phoca pusilla, part, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 232. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Cuvier (Oss. Foss. v. 220) observes that Delalande peu from the Cape a young specimen 3 feet 6 inches long, of a reddish-grey colour, the ends of the hairs annulated with grey and blackish, rather paler beneath—the whiskers strong, simple, and black—the feet black—the under-fur soft, woolly,—and two skeletons of young, and the skull of an adult specimen. This skull is figured (Cuvier, Oss. Foss. v. t. 18. f. 5); but unfortunately, the palate, which is the most characteristic part of the skull, is not figured nor described. The palate of the skull of the younger specimen is described thus :— “Le palais est plus étroit, se porte plus en arriére et est échancré par un angle plus aigu.” Buffon notices a young Seal, which he calls the petet phoque (vol. xiii. t. 53), on which the Phoca pusilla of Schreber and suc- ceeding authors has been founded, which is probably the young of this species. Daubenton states (Hist. Nat. xii. 413) that the specimen figured by Buffon came from India; but it is probable that it was brought from the Cape of Good Hope in a ship coming from India. No Seal has as yet been described as inhabiting the coast of India. Fischer confounded with Phoca pusilla of Buffon a Seal from Rottennest Island, on the eastern coast of Australia a Mamm. 232). As the British Museum has a good series of skulls of this genus, I am induced to add the following synopsis of the species, charac- terized by the peculiarities of the skull alone. I. Face of skull short. Forehead convex, regularly rounded from the end of the nasal bone to the middle of the vertex. Lower jaw short, thick. | ARCTOCEPHALUS URSINUS. Arctocephalus ursinus, Gray, Cat. Phocide B.M. 41, et P.Z.S. antea, p. 103. Palate rather concave in front, farrowel and flattened behind, with a deep narrow hinder aperture, which has a regular ovate front edge ; outer upper cutting-teeth moderate ; orbit very large; zygoma very strong; grinders small. Hab. Behring’s Straits. A skull of the adult male specimen here described, and from which the figure (Pl. LXVIII.) is taken. 109 II. Face ef skull moderately elongated. Forehead rather conver, slightly rounded from nasal bone to vertex. Lower jaw elon- gated, slender. ARCTOCEPHALUS HOOKERI. Arctocephalus hookeri, Gray, l.c.p.45; Voy. Erebus and Terror, t. skull. Palate deeply concave in front, narrow and rather concave behind, with a deep hinder aperture, which has a transverse truncated front edge with a slight central lobe directed backward; outer upper cutting-teeth very large, conical, acute; orbit moderate; zygoma slender ; angle of jaw bent inwards. Haé. Falkland Islands (and Cape Horn”). The skull of four half-grown specimens. They are all very uni- form in their characters. We have also the skull of a very young Seal which appears to be- long to the same species. In three of the skulls the outer upper cutting-teeth are very large and acute, more than half the size of the canines, and like them in form. In one skull (perhaps of a female?) the upper outer canines are much smaller and more slender, not half the size of the same teeth in the other skulls of the same size, and the canines themselves are also much more slender; the front of the palate is also more concave. III. Face of skull moderately elongated ; forehead flattened from nasal bone to the vertex. Lower jaw rather short, strong. ARCTOCEPHALUS DELALANDII. Otaria delalandii, F. Cuvier. Face rather short; palate concave, hinder aperture narrow, with a rather acute ovate anterior edge; teeth large; lower jaw short, strong. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. Two skulls of adults from the Cape (Pl. LXIX.); and one half- grown, habitat unknown. These skulls agree in the form of the hinder palatine opening, but vary in other respects a little from each other: the two adult ones differ in the aperture of one being wider and shorter than that of the other ; in the young skull the front edge of the aperture is more acute in the centre than in either of the others; the outer cutting-teeth of the upper jaw are large, but much smaller than the very large canines. ARCTOCEPHALUS NIGRESCENS. s ful ~tea Arctocephalus nigrescens, Gray, Zool. Erebus and Terror, t. f. , skull Gnedit.). Face rather elongate. Palate sughtly concave, flat behind, hinder aperture narrow, with a nearly straight front edge. Hab. Falkland Islands? 110 A single skull from a half-grown specimen. This skull is very like that of A. delalandii, but differs consider- ably in the form of the front edge of the hinder palatine aperture : the outer cutting-teeth and the canines are moderately slender, and similar in form ; but the latter are much the larger. ARCTOCEPHALUS LOBATUS. Arctocephalus lobatus, Gray, Cat. Phocide B.M. p. 44. Face moderately elongate; palate deeply concave, narrowed be- hind, hinder aperture with a semicircular front edge; lower jaw rather short, strong. : Hab. Australia, Port Essington: Houtman’s Abrolhos. The canines are very large and strong; the outer upper cutting- teeth are large and compressed. ARCTOCEPHALUS GILLIESPII. Otaria gilliespu, Macbain, Rep. Phys. Soc. Edinb. 1858. The face much elongated; palate slightly concave, front edge of the hinder aperture ovate ; lower jaw elongate, strong. Hab. California. We have a cast of the original skull described by Dr. Macbain, now in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, from which the figure (Pl. LXX.) is taken.- The species is at once known by the length of the face: that is, in all the skulls of the genus we have, a line drawn across the palate at the front edge of the zygomatic arch leaves one-third of the palate behind the line, and two-thirds in front of it; while in this species it leaves only one-fourth behind, and very nearly three-fourths in front of the line. The skull has only four grinders on each side in the upper jaw, but one has evidently fallen out in front of the series and one be- hind ; but the fifth grinder of the complete series, which is usually in a line with the front edge of the zygomatic opening, is in this species rather in front of it. The Eared Seals (Arctocephalt) have been divided into Fur- and Hair- (Eared) Seals by the sealers. 4. hookeri and d. lobatus are called Hair Seals, because they are destitute of any under-fur: but this appears to be the case only with the older specimens; for the young of A. lobatus is said to be covered with soft fur, which falls off when the next coat of hair is developed. The under-fur is well developed in the adult specimens of 4. ursinus and A. delalandii and the half-grown specimen of 4. nigrescens, and entirely absent in the adult 4. hookeri and half-grown d. lobatus in the Museum Col- lection. lil 2. DESCRIPTION OF A NEw SPECIES oF TANIA. By W. Barro, M.D., F.L.S. (Annulosa, Pl. LVI.) T2ENIA SULCICEPS. Caput tetragonum, magnum, acetabulis anticis lateralibus, orbi- cularibus, longe segregatis, sulco interposito. , Proboscis nulla. Os terminale-inerme. Collum longum, leave. Articuli supremi breviores ; deinde longiores, infundibuliformes, angusti; late- ribus undulatis, crenatis. Aperture genitales marginales, unt- laterales. Hab. In intestinis Diomedee exulantis. Longitudo exemplorum in possessione nostra, quee sunt fragmenta solum, uncize tredecim. In Museo Britannico. The colour of this Tape-worm is a straw-yellow. The head is tetragonal in shape, large; and the neck is long, measuring nearly two or three lines, and quite smooth. Upon minute inspection, I could discover no trace of a proboscis; and the mouth was destitute of hooks of any kind. The joints of the body are small at first, be- coming larger as they descend ; but even when full-grown are narrow, somewhat undulated on the margin, and slightly but irregularly crenated. The suckers on the head are of considerable size, round in shape, and are separated from each other by a rather deep fur- row. -The genital orifices are situated on the lower margin of each joint, and are all on the same side. None of the specimens are quite perfect ; but there are two or three fragments, each about 13 inches m length. This Tapeworm was taken by Mr. Edward Gerrard of the British Museum from the intestines of the Albatros (Diomedea exulans), and is now in the collection of Entozoa in the British Museum. The Secretary read the following notice of the habits of the Aye- Aye of Madagascar (Chiromys madagascariensis) by Humphrey Sandwith, Esq., C.B., Colonial Secretary of the island of Mauritius, bemg a communication made on the 28th of January last, by Dr. Sandwith, to the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of that island, of which he is President :-— “Tlya déga quelque temps que le grand naturaliste Ouen m’a écrit pour me prier de lui procurer un spécimen de cet animal, si cela m’était possible, car le Musée Britannique n’en posséde ni les os ni la peau. Tout petit et insignifiant que soit le Musée du Port- Louis par le nombre de ses spécimens, il est sous ce rapport plus riche que l’immense collection de curiosités du Musée Britannique, puisqu’ il posséde un Aye-Aye empaillé qui, par sa pose et le soin qu on a pris pour le conserver, fait beaucoup d’honneur a I’ empail- leur qui Pa préparé. 112 ‘*Maintenant, Messieurs, lorsque |’on examine cette petite créa- ture, on se demande naturellement dans quelle classe du régne animal on doit la placer. Tout homme qui ne connait pas lhistoire natu- relle dira de suite: C’est un Maki, ou en d’autres termes un Lemur, et certes, je ne pense pas qu'il soit bien éloigné de la vérite, quoique Cuvier lait rangé, comme il doit l’étre, dans la famille des rongeurs, et lait classé avec l’écureuil et le rat. Il y a sans doute de bonnes raisons pour le ranger avec le Maki, autrement dit le Lemur, puis- qu’en premier lieu, il nous vient du seul pays ou se trouve le Lemur, ensuite aucun rongeur ne posséde la rotation des os de lavant-bras et ne peut comme l’homme mouvoir ses membres séparément et s’en servir comme d’instruments pour prendre les objets, particularité que l’on remarque chez les Quadrumanes ; et certes, aucun rongeur n’a les quatre pouces, ceux des pieds de derriere méme, libres et op- posables aux autres doigts; ce fait donne encore a cet animal du rapport avec le singe et le Maki et prouve qu il est destiné 4 grimper sur les arbres. : ““D’aprés ce que je viens de vous dire, il doit étre placé dans la classe des Lemurs, surtout puisqu’il nous arrive de Madagascar ; mais nous pourrions bien changer d’opinion apres lui avoir examiné la bouche. «Or, je vous ferai observer qu'il ressemble au Lemur autant par les mouvements et la forme du corps que par la queue et les pieds ; cependant, si vous l’examinez attentivement, vous verrez qu’il existe une bien grande différence entre ses pieds et ceux du Lemur: Les doigts que l’on pourrait appeler les index du Maki sont pourvus dune griffe, tandis que les autres doigts ont les ongles plats comme ceux d’un étre humain ou d’un singe. Vous voyez ici des griffes trés bizarres qui ne peuvent étre comparées 4 celles d’aucun autre animal: elles conviennent éminemment aux habitudes de Ave Aye comme les griffes du Lemur sont appropriées 4 ses habitudes; mais elles sont bien différentes. - C’est une preuve de plus que la nature se plait 4 tout varier méme lorsqu’elle a en vue les mémes résultats. Le pelage de cet animal est aussi moins laineux que celui du Lemur ; mais c’est en approchant de la téte que vous apercevez une grande différence entre ces deux animaux. ** D’abord, , permettez-moi d’appeler votre attention sur la forme dela téte. A premiere vue, elle vous semble étre celle d’un animal nocturne. Ses oreilles grandes et nues ressemblant beaucoup 4 a celles d’une chauve-souris sont faites de maniére 4 pouvoir saisir le plus léger bruit dans le silence de la nuit. Je dois avouer que je fus un peu embarrassé sur ce point, cet animal n’étant point carnassier comme le chat, qui-est obligé d’écouter le bruit des pas des petits animaux -pour s’élancer sur eux; il est au contraire apparemment frugivore, mais sans doute il ne l’est pas exclusivement, autrement ses dents ressembleraient 4 celles du singe, au moins il n’aurait pas besoin de grandes incisives. Remarquez que ses dents sont formées de maniére a pouvoir ronger le bois le plus dur; elles n’ont d’émail que sur le devant, de sorte que la partie postcrieure du bout des dents s’use beaucoup plus vite que la partie antérieure et leur donne 113 la forme incliné d’un ciseau. Les pulpes qui les forment sont pro- bablement persistantes comme celles des autres rongeurs, de sorte que les dents poussent aussi vite de la racine qu’elles s’usent 4 leurs extrémités. La machoire inférieure comme celle des autres ron- geurs se meut évidemment au moyen d’un condyle longitudinal, de maniére a empécher tout mouvement horizontal, si ce n’est de l’ar- riére a avant et vice versa. “Voici done un rongeur tres fort, ayant louie trés fine (combi- naison qui me porte a ajouter foi au récit des habitants de Mada- gascar qui prétendent que cet animal écoute le bruit que fait le ver en mangeant un arbre intérieurement, qu’ensuite il ronge le bois jusqu’a ce qwil ait atteint le ver et qu’au moyen de cette phalange tres effilée, il le retire du bois); mais on peut en dire autant des autres rongeurs. Ces animaux surtout: la souris, le liévre, le lapin et un animal encore plus gros, le Chinchilla de ? Amérique méridio- nale, outre des dents trés fortes destinées A ronger, sont doués d’une ouie trés fine, mais ces animaux vivent dans une crainte continuelle des plus gros carnivores. I] leur faut donc une ouie trés fine pour les avertir de approche du danger; tandis que le Cheiromys ou Ayer-AyYrE, vivant sur les arbres, dans un pays ot il n’y a pas de Carnivores d’une grandeur dangereuse, n’a rien a craindre des attaques de ses ennemis; l’ouie de cet animal lui servirait donc a attaquer plutédt qu’a se défendre. “Or, Messieurs, }’étais arrivé 4 ce point de mes observations, et jugeant d’aprés la nourriture supposée de ?Ayr-Avz et sa confor- mation générale, plutot que d’apres ses habitudes et ses dents, je Pavais nourri de bananes et de dattes, pensant avec raison que puis- quil est destiné a vivre sur les arbres et qu’il n’a pas de dents canines, lom d’étre carnivore, il doit étre frugivore et insectivore, lorsqu’un soir je le lachai dans mon salon et jobservai tous ses mouvements. I] était trés curieux a voir, grimpant sur les chaises et les tables et regardant avec attention le bois de chaque meuble. Pendant qwil examinait la cloison, j’entendais constamment un bruit léger qui se renouvelait trés rapidement et je fus quelque temps avant d’en découvrir la cause. Enfin, je remarquai que de temps en temps ce petit animal donnait rapidement de légers coups qui pro- duisaient un son vibrant avec le second doigt, ce membre effilé et gréle qui ressemble a un fil de fer recourbé et au moyen duquel on prétend qu il retire les vers des arbres. Pendant qu il frappait ainsi le bois, il semblait écouter attentivement. Une fois comme il tra- versait ma chambre, aprés avoir ainsi frappé le parquet, il se mit tout- -a-coup a déchirer la natte avec les dents. Comme je n’étais pas disposé a le laisser rien détruire, je fus obligé de le chasser, mais je demeurai convaincu qu'il mange réellement, comme on le raconte, les vers qu'il retire du bois. De sorte que vous avez maintenant chez les animaux ce quest le pic chez les oiseaux; car celui-ci, quoique insectivore, strictement parlant, vit aussi de fruits et méme d’ ceufs. ‘Une autre particularité trés remarquable de cette petite créature, c’est sa manicre de boire. Ayant placé une cuvette d'eau devant lw, No. 391.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 114 j observai ses mouvements: I] s’approche du vase, étendit le bras et y ayant plongé son doigt effilé, il le passa ensuite obliquement dans sa bouche. [I] renouvelait ce mouvement avec une telle rapidité que l'eau semblait couler du vase 4 sa bouche. Il me semble que cette singuliére maniére de boire est celle qui lui convient le mieux pour puiser l’eau dans le creux des arbres, réservoirs naturels ou il va sans doute étancher sa soif. “ J’ai suivi le systeme de Cuvier et placé cet animal dans Vordre des rongeurs, et cependant, Messieurs, cette classification-ci aussi bien que toute autre que vous seriez disposés a adopter, ne semble-t- elle pas inexacte? La nourriture joue sans doute un role tres im- portant, quelques personnes mémes disent le plus important dans la vie; or, les dents étant des organes les plus nécessaires pour manger, si nous les prenons comme mode de classification, il faut avouer que nous rencontrerons d’étranges contrastes. En effet, est-il possible un seul instant de comparer cet animal au rat par ses habitudes, par sa forme ou son aspect ? Combien sa queue est différente du membre écailleux du Castor et quel contraste frappant entre les habitudes aquatiques de l'un et les dispositions grimpantes de Pautre! Et cependant, parce que ces deux animaux rongent le bois et ont tous deux des dents en forme de lime, on les range improprement dans la méme classe. Loin de moi, Messieurs, Pidée de critiquer Cuvier ou de trouver a redire 4 quelque chose qu’ait avancé ce géant de la science naturelle, je ne fais ici que vous indiquer combien il est im- possible d’arriver 4 une classification complete. ‘Quant a moi, Messieurs, si je pouvais mettre de cété les entraves de la science et réussir 4 oublier tout ce que j’ai appris, je w hésite- rais pas un seul instant a appeler cet animal une nouvelle espéce de Lemur, pour cette raison bien. simple: que bien qu’il ressemble au Rat ou au Castor sous un rapport, savoir, la forme des dents, il res- semble au Lemur sous presque tous les autres rapports: d’abord par son apparence en général, eusuite par son corps long et élancé, par Phabitude de grimper sur les arbres, par la forme de ses griffes et surtout par sa queue longue et touffue. I] a de plus des particu- larités que l'on ne rencontre pas chez le Lemur ; elles ressemblent sans doute a celles d’autres animaux, je vous les ai déja signalées. Ses dents, par exemple, ressemblent a celles d'un rongeur, ses oreilles et ses yeux a ceux d’une chauve-souris, car étant un animal noc- turne, 11 faut que tous les rayons de lumire se coucentrent dans sa prunelle qui est aussi grande que celle du chat, et son ouie laide sans doute. “‘ Avant entendu dire que les naturels de Madagascar affirment que eet animal mange les moutouks et qu il se sert de son doigt effilé pour les retirer du bois, je ne crus pas implicitement cette histoire, sachant du reste quels contes absurdes on débite sur les habitudes des oiseaux et des bétes. Les paysans d’ Angleterre, par exemple, eroient fermement que le hérisson suce le lait des vaches, et l’en- goule-vent, dit vulgairement ‘ crapaud volant’ ou tette-chevre, celui des chévres, mais quoique l'on doive accepter ces idées populaires cum grano salis, il y a tout leu de rechercher si les habitudes que | A ae) Proc. Z.S. Annulosa. LVIL. : ' W West imp EB Mintern, Irth ATTACUS EDWARDSIL, White. 115 Pon attribue a ?Ayx-Aye sont en harmonie avec sa conformation. Or je ne voyais pas pourquoi il ne mangerait pas les vers des arbres, quoique je ne comprisse pas pourquoi il se servirait du second doigt pour les retirer de leurs trous, ne pensant pas qu il put ou percer ou retirer le ver. Cependant, jeus bientot occasion de vérifier la vérité de cette assertion. Ayant trouvé des branches d’arbres mangées par les vers, je les plagai dans sa cage et j’observai ses mouvements. Je le vis bient6t grimper sur une des branches et |’examiner attentive- es ensuite inclinant les oreilles en avant et appliquant le nez a Pécorce, il la frappa rapidement avee ce curieux deuxitme doigt, comme le pic frappe larbre, quoiqw’il fit bien moins de bruit. De temps en temps il introduisait le bout du doigt effilé dans les trous des vers, comme ferait un chirurgien d’une sonde. II arriva enfin 3 une partie de la branche qui rendit évidemment un son intéressant, car il se mit a la déchirer de ses fortes dents. JI eut bientdt enlevé Yécorce, coupé le bois et mis a nu le trou d’un ver qu'il retira déli- eatement avec son doigt effilé et le porta 4sa bouche. J’ observai ses mouvements avec beaucoup d@intérét et je fus frappé de la ma- niére merveilleuse dont cet animal est doué par rapport ses habi- tudes. D’abord son ouie si fine qui le met 4 méme de bien distin- guer les différents sons que font rendre au bois les légers coups qu'il lar donne, ensuite son odorat trés subtil pour l’aider sans doute dans ses recherches, sa marche assur¢e sur les branches flexibles aux- quelles il se cramponnait 4 l’aide de ses membres de quadrumane, ses fortes dents de rongeur qui lui permettent de déchirer le bois le plus dur, enfin ce curieux petit doigt qui ne ressemble 4 celui d’aucun autre animal et dont il se servit tour-a-tour comme d’un plessimétre, d’une sonde et d’une curette. La découverte des habitudes d’un animal aussi rare est réellement une bonne aubaine pour le natura- liste, bien que nos recherches, en apparence puériles, puissent faire sourire Vhomme d'affaires. March 8, 1859. John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :-— 1. DescrierioON OF AN ArTracus FROM THE East Inpixs, HITHERTO APPARENTLY UNRECORDED. By ApAm Wuite, Asstst. Zoou. Der. Brit. Mus. (Annulosa, Pl. LVIT.) ATTACUS EDWARDSII, n. s. (PI. LVIL) A. fusco-brunneus, colore saturatiore quam in AVTACO ATLANTE ; 116 fenestris ad basin rectis, squamulis ochraceis circumdatis, sepi- mentis albis alarum latioribus: alis externe lineis duabus, rivu- losis seu undatis, ochrets et nigro-fusets. Hab. In Indie mont. (Dhargeeling). Bombyx heec distinctissima, Professori Milne-Edwards clarissimo, a descriptore dedicatur, ‘in memoriam.’” This fine insect comes next to the well-known Attacus atlas, but may at once be distinguished from it by its intensely dark colour, especially on that band, bounded by angled and curved, white, defined lines, in which the fenestree occur. This band is of a dark blackish- brown, passing into a rich chestnut-brown above the fenestre of the upper wings and on their posterior margin; the inner margin of the lower wings is of this red-brown also ; the fenestree are not bounded by a margin of black scales as in Attacus atlas, but by ochreous yellow squamulation ; the part of the fenestra towards the base of the wings, which in Aétacus atlas is curved convexly, is in Attacus edwardsii straight ; the fenestra is longer, the white lines on the wings, breaking up the brown so beautifully, are wider, and that on the lower wing is less scolloped than in Attacus atlas; the mar- gin of the lower wing on the outside has two much-waved lines, the inner is yellow, with thirteen or fourteen undulations, continued on the upper wing till it leaves off where the wing is dilated into the lobe, which gives the wing its hooked-like character ; the lower line is brownish-black, and is straight, except in six places, where the black runs up the nerves triangularly to a point, and meets two of the yellow lobes, which are conjugate. The figure will show this and the other markings better than any description. This insect belongs to that largest group of Bombycide, the co- coons of some of the species of which have been long used in India for the production of coarseish kinds of silk. One of these has been introduced into Algeria, Spain, Italy, and France, where the Ricinus communis, its food-plant, grows readily. The numerous valuable papers of M. Guérin-Méneville must be consulted, to show with what success the experiments have been made. It is not from want of energy, ability, and desire on the part of those who have tried to introduce it, that their endeavours have not been more successful. No silk is likely to supersede that of the old Bombyx mort, even al- though Bombyx huttoni and Bombyx horsfieldi be congeneric. The Silkworm seems, like the sheep, cow, and horse, to have been made for man. All our attempts are, or seem to be, in the main, unsuc- cessful to introduce new silk-producers—new domestic animals. They were created domesticated. he bapiarresn “ye PB a eh, a ee ees me a *t ihonpe Sib cates: ee ied mye Se so ee GH Ford, Proc ZS. Annolosa LVI. 1. Platysmea sturti, 5, Aulacopris reicht. | a.Elatysma flmdersn. 6. Distichocera thomsonella. ' 3.Catadromus elseyt. 7. Schizorhma bakewelln. 4. Oryctes muller ams , 8, Diaphomia metallescens. WWest amp EG Ree ealnien a oe aw 4 5 ir, are GH Ford As Ai Chry sodema louisa. tigmo dera sulielmn, j Dtigmo dera parallela . ptigmo dera bakewelli. roe" coy ‘Anuailesa Ee 5. Temognatha imperatrix, 6. Zopherosis georgn. 7. Rhytiphora amicula, 8.Platymopsis armatula. _ WWest amp, ILIV 2. DESCRIPTIONS OF UNRECORDED SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN CoLEOPTERA OF THE FamiLies CaRAntIpa&, BupRESTIDA, LAMELLICORNIA, Loneicornia, ETC. By Adam Wuite, Assist. Zoou. Depart. Brit. Mus. (Annulosa, Pl. LVIII., LIX.) CaTapromus, Macl. CaTADROMUS ELSEYI. (PI. LVIII. fig. 3.) C. nitido-ater ; thorace elytrisque viridi marginatis ; thorace postice subquadrato; pectore ante propedes, lateraliter viso, recto; elytrorum basi, ad suturam, et pone scutellum, utrinque quadri-punctata. Had. In Australia boreali. This fine Beetle was found on the Upper Victoria, Australia, in lat. 17° 30’ S.,in April 1856, by the lamented Mr. Elsey, the Surgeon of Mr. Gregory’s famous Exploratory Expedition. It is as large as Catadromus tenebrioides, Macleay (Ann. Jav. p. 18, Carabus t., Oliv.); the pectus, as in that species, is notched deeply in one sex, as Mr. Ford’s admirable figure shows, less deeply in the other. It is an insect with the same long elytra as in that Javan species and in the Australian C. australis, differing from the C. caraboides from Australia, in which the elytra are much shorter. PLATYSMA. PuatysMA sturTiI. (PI. LVIII. fig. 1.) P. nigerrime levigatum; thorace antice latiore quam longo; elytrorum lateribus basi et ante apicem dilatatis ; dorso sul- cato-striato, interstitius depresso-convexis. Hab. In Australia interiore. Mr. Bakewell kindly gave to the Museum this species : it was found with the following, after a violent flood, and was washed from the plains of the interior into the province of Victoria. I have given to it the name of the great Australian explorer, Capt. Sturt. PuatysMA FLINDERSII. (Pl. LVIII. fig. 2.) P. thorace elongatulo, lateribus rectiusculis ; elytrorum basi ca- vina abbreviata, lateraliter extensa. Had. In Australia interiore. J Found at the same time as the last. Both seem to be females, ~ and nearly resemble each other: the thorax in this is much more elongate, the shortish outstanding keel at the base is not extended so far down the elytron at the side as in the last; but the general flattened character of the elytra and their dilated hind margin nearly agrees with it. They may de sexes of the same species. The first joint of the antennee is longer than the rest, somewhat as in Trigonotoma. I have named it after Capt. Flinders, the great Australian navigator, whose naturalist was “ Robertus Brown, Botanicorum facile prin- 118 ceps,”’ and one of whose midshipmen was the distinguished Arctic explorer, Sir John Franklin. These two insects should be placed ina new genus ; but shortness of time and other reasons force me to refer them to Platysma, or Percus. Myr. Ford’s admirable figures will make them known. AvLacopris, White. AULACoPRIS REICH. (Pl. LVIIL. fig. 5.) A. aterrimus ; thoracis dorso carinis decem elevatis longitudina- libus, quatuor antice et sex postice positis; elytris muricatis, singulis sertebus tribus longitudinalibus tuberculorum. fTa6. In ripis fluvii Yarree (Australia). Mr. Bakewell kindly gave the Museum this fine new species, which { have named in compliment to my excellent friend Mr. Reiche of Paris, who has studied the Lamellicorns so much and deseribed them so well. - I remember seeing his fine collection in 1841. This is one of the Minthophilides of Lacordaire’s third volume, in Sec- tion 2, where the pygidium is covered by the elytra. It has a broadly notched lobe on the front of the head, the surface of which is punctured. The femora of the fore legs have a strong, ridged hook on the under side. The deeply grooved thorax has its grooving produced by four elevated ridges on the fore part and six shorter ridges behind, the two portions separated by a transverse groove extending from side to side. ‘The edges of the thorax are crenulated ; on each side of the Hyboma-shaped elytra are four rows of pointed tubercles. The tarsi of the hind legs (the specimen is deficient of the tarsi of the other legs) are nearly equal in width throughout. The inside of the hind tibiz is crenulate or tubereled. All the femora are two-keeled below. ‘The pectus of the metathorax is grooved on the hinder edge, and ends in a ridge. We have only one specimen. It is a most remarkable Australian form of the family Copride. ORYCTES. OrycTEs MULLERANUS. (PI. LVIIL. fig. 4.) O. levigatus, brunneo-niger ; thorace valde dilatato, dorso valde cavato, margine antico ad medium cornu apice. subfurcato armato, lateribus singulis cornu crasso angulato armatis. Tab. In Australia sept. (¥itzmaurice River). This remarkable Beetle, with its much dilated thorax hollowed deeply out on the back, and with a somewhat recurved, slightly forked, projecting horn in front, and a short, angled, strong upstand- ing horn, like a truncated snag-front, was found by the distinguished botanist Dr. Muller, on the Fitzmaurice River, N. Australia, during Mr. Gregory’s exploration, on Oct. 18, 1855, as the late Mr. Elsey told me. Dr. Miiller’s able papers in the Linnean Society’s ‘ Pro- ceedings’ must be valuable additions to Botanical science. 119 This species belongs to a new genus; but I prefer at present referring it to the old genus, as I have not data from which to de- seribe it. SCHIZORHINA. ScHIZORHINA (HEMIPHARIS) BAKEWELLIT. (Pl. LVIIL. fig. 7.) S. 71.) bakewellii, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.1859, ii. p.290. S. rufescenti-flava; capite, corpore subtus, pedibus thoracisque vitta lata mediana longitudinal nigris ; thorace supra levi- gato, postice ante scutellum dilatato ; elytrorum scutello sutura- que nigris ; marginibus corporis supra maculis sericeo-albis no- tatis; pygidio transversim aciculato, apice emarginato. Long. une. 1, lin. 54. Hab. Australia (ad ripas fl. Yarre). DIAPHONIA. DIAPHONIA METALLESCENS, White. (Pl. LVIII. fig. 8.) D. subrugosula, hirtula, viridi-enea, obscure purpureo lavata ; thorace linea mediana levigata longitudinali. fab. A species, rather hairy, which may be known from all the others by its slightly metallic bronzy-green hue tinged with purple. STIGMODERA, Solier. Among the Australian Buprestide, and evidently belonging to the genus Stigmodera, we have in the Museum, through the great liberality of Mr. Bakewell, a species of interesting form, which at first sight resembles a Sternocera in form, or an Lulodis ; unfor- tunately I cannot test the character of the diffuse antennal pores, or of these same pores being concentrated into one mass in a fossette of each joint,—characters, very slight, by which Lacordaire divides important groups. ‘The species ought to belong to his third tribe, being somewhat like the Stigmodera goryi, but much longer and cylindrical. ‘SrieMopERA BAKEWELL. (PI. LIX. fig. 4.) S. subcylindrica, Iulodiformis, seu Sternoceree specter, primo visu, subsimilis ; elytris eclongatis simplicibus, luters, punctato- striatis ; thorace purpureo-fiavo, coloribus cyaneis et viridibus micante, rude et ereberrime punctato; corpore subtus ceruleo viridis fasciato ; pedibus ceruleo-viridibus. Long. une. 1, lin. 10. Hab. Australia, in dumetis Hucalypti dumosi vulgo dictis “ Maillee scrub.” In honorem Dom. Roberti Bakewell, qui in Australia detexit, et specimen unicum Museo Britannico cum multis aliis insectis raris munificenter in dono dedit. STIGMODERA PARALLELA. (PI. LIX. fig. 3.) S. elongata, parallela ; capite thoraceque fusco-purpurascentibus 120 crebre et regulariter punctatis, thorace unicolore ; elytris nigro-purpureis, sutura marginibusque letioribus, dorso longi- tudinaliter sulcato-striato; singulis flavo sex-plagatis, plagis duabus lateralibus, prima basali elongata, secunda ad medium ; plagis quatuor dorsalibus longitudinaliter directis, tertia ob- liqua, quarta subtriangulari ; elytris ad apicem integris, interne oblique subtruncatis ; pedibus corporeque subtus obscure pur- pureis. Hab. In Australia (‘‘ Moreton Bay’’) (Mr. Diggles). STIGMODERA GULIELMI. (Pl. LIX. fig. 2.) S, elongata, longo-elliptica, thoracis luteribus antice convexis, postice fovets tribus profunde impressis. Hab. Australia (Moreton Bay). Dedicated to my kind friend William Jeakes, Esq., the possessor of a large and ever-increasing collection of insects of the families Buprestide, Longicornia, Carabide, &e. TEMOGNATHA. Among the Australian Buprestide we have a fine species from the Swan River, which I have named imperatriz, from its rich, royal, gold and green enamelled surface. TEMOGNATHA IMPERATRIX, n. 8s. (PI. LIX. fig. 5.) T. flava; elytris ad apicem mucronatis, sutura etiam apiculata, dorso aureo-flavo, suture marginibus lateralibus (spatio pone basim excepto) purpureo-nigris ; ad medium dorsi maculis 5-4 parvis transversis purpureo-nigris ; pedibus viridibus ; corpore subtus flavo, viridi decorato. Long. une. 1, lin. 6. ffab. Australia (Swan River). BupPRESTIS. Buprestis (CuHrysopDEMA) Louisa. (PI. LIX. fig. 1.) B. lete viridis ; antennis, tarsorum articulis quatuor basalibus et apice extremo pedum rufulo-flavis ; tarsorum articulo ultimo lete cupreo-viridi ; elytris sulcato-lineatis, horum laterum dim- dio majore apicalt denticulato, dentibus purpureis, ad latera vitta elongata depressa ; superficie metallica, cupreo-viridi, pilis curtis rufulis obsita. Hab. In “ Figi Islands, Ovalau ” (Mr. John Macygillivray). Louisee, conjugis carissimze Caroli Hyde, Eq., (in exercit. Brit. capitani,) Lepidopterorum preesertim studiosissimee, insectum hoe pedibus antennisque pallidis valde distinctum, nomen fert. There is no figure in Gory and Laporte, nor in any of the recent French or other voyages,which resembles this: The elegant species has a depressed flattened thorax, with an impressed line down the centre ; and the surface is rather thickly clothed with punctures, some of which have a tendency to accumulate into four depressed spots ; the 121 somewhat grooved lines are deepest behind, and are punctured ; the under side and legs are metallic green. ZorHeERosIs, White. ZOPHEROSIS GEORGI. (Pl. LIX. fig. 6.) 4. subparallelus elongatus, carbonaceo-niger, subnitidulus ; ely- tris rugosissime tuberculatis, dorso general elytrorum deplanato, lateribus tuberculatis, ad suturam tuberculis minoribus, apice elytrorum subdeclivi, tuberculis ante apicem maximis ; thoracis lateribus rectiusculis, paulo curvatis, antice posticeque extensis, superficie dorsali valde irregulari, medio postice sulco profundo umpresso, medio antice levi, parte levi postice sulcis angustis profundis sinuatis marginata. Long. lin. 14; lat. max. elytror. pone medium lin. 44. Hab. Australia (‘“‘ New South Wales’’) (Mr. John Macgillivray). In general appearance this remarkable insect closely resembles the species of the genus Nosodendron, particularly the N. morbillosum from Chili; but it evidently (as Mr. Waterhouse, who kindly exa- mined it, and after whose Christian name its specific name is derived, remarks) is closely allied to Zopherus, G. R. Gray. Like that genus, it has the deep groove on the under side of the thorax, for the re- ception of the antenne. This groove is widest at the end, and must effectually screen these organs from injury. The antennz have the first eight joints with the inner edge straight, and forming a con- tmuous line, while the outer edges of each of these joints are some- what rounded, and give a moniliform appearance to the outer edge ; the second joint is the smallest, it is very short, and widish compared with its length ; the third joint is considerably longer than the joints from the fourth to the eighth ; the three terminal joints form a short club, the sides of which have two notches, caused by the middle part of each joint across being the widest and the sides tapering to this point. The thorax and elytra are very like those of some species of Nosodendron ; the tarsi, on the under side, have a widish groove, each of the sides of which have a keel; the prothorax below has a deep curved sulcus close to the margin, and two faint grooves behind it, and the sternal plate between the fore legs, which plate has on each side of the trochanter a curved groove, neatly impinged on the outer side. The species of Zopherus are all from the New World; and as there are several species which agree together, others from Australia may be found agreeing with this: it may be called Zopherosis. The last segment of the abdomen has on each side a deep transverse bi- sinuated groove, This may possibly be sexual; but as the Museum only possesses a single specimen, I cannot tell. DIsTICHOCERA. In the Proceedings of this Society, Mr. Newman, two or three years ago, described the species of this genus. I here add the de- scription of a new species. 122 DisTICHOCERA THOMSONELLA, n. 8s. (Pl. LVIII. fig. 6.) D. thomsonella, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. D. velutino-nigra; capite, thorace elytrisque maculis albo-seri- ceis notatis ; pedibus nigris ; femoribus, apice atro excepto, rubris (3). Long. lin. 64. Hab. Australia. Named in compliment to the well-known author and publisher of the ‘ Archives Entomologiques’ and other finely illustrated ento- mological works. RHYTIPHORA. RHYTIPHORA AMICULA. (Pl. LIX. fig. 7.) R. pilis cinereis delicatule obsita, plagulis rufulo-flavis varie- gata; elytrorum apice subtruncato, ad basin verrucis nigris paucis exstantibus, dorso carinulis duabus (saltem) haud pro- minentibus longitudinalibus. Hab. In Australia septentrionali (Dom. Elsey). The late Mr. Elsey found this species at the Victoria River depot, on Mr. Gregory’s expedition ; it is of a most delicate ash-colour, and slightly ornamented with dots of reddish-yellow hairs. A species closely allied to Rhytiphora polymita of Mr. Pascoe. The antenna-joints, after the second, are fringed with hair ; the head and thorax are thickly punctured under the hairs, and varied with rufous-yellow dots; the antennee are cinereous, the fringe blackish, evanescent on the last joint. SYMPHELETES. SYMPHELETES (PLATYMopsis) ARMATULUS. (PI. LIX. fig. 8.) S. argenteo-cinereus, plagulis indistinctis rufescenti-flavulis, ma- cula subobliqua subquadrata nigro-fusca in lateribus ely- trorum ante medium, parte basali elytrorum colore subobfuscato, spinis curtis conecis paucis lineatim directis subarmata, spinis paucis in medio ad suturam, et paucis semiobsoletis in par- tibus alteris elytrorum ; elytris ad apicem externum spinigerum ad suturam truncatis ; thorace spints (tuberculis potius) duabus transverse in medio dorsi positis, tuberculo in lateribus sin- gulis thoracis ad angulum anticum. Hab. In Australia septentrionali. Collected by the late lamented J. R. Elsey, Esq., Surgeon to Mr. Gregory’s Exploring Expedition. In this species the silvery grey pubescence, blackened somewhat on the base and on the hinder parts, and the squarish brownish-black spot on the sides before the middle, with a very short white oblique band before it, directed back- wards, and another light and longer band considerably behind it, and directed forwards, and reaching almost to the suture, the conical spines on the back of elytra at the base and along the suture, and 123 other characters, mark it out as distinct from any other. The Sa- perda obliqua of Donovan is not unlike it. The hairs fringing the inside of the antennze are whitish ; while the eyes are nearly divided into two portions, the connecting part being very small. I must say I do not see any very trenchant characters to separate Nyphona and Saperdopsis or Sympheletes, Newm. In one Lamia (L. pedicornis), the great spine proceeding from the trochanters is a sexual character, possessed to a greater extent (and considerably curved) by a curious Longicorn from the Aru Islands, which will doubtless be described by my friend Mr. Pascoe, who studies the Longicorns so much, and who has described so many. In this the tibiee of the fore legs are curved and have a spine at right angles to the tibia and near its tip. In the genus Platymopsis, established by Buquet in the ‘ Archives Entomologiques,’ the head is flatter and broader than in Sympheletes. As we have not the ‘Archives’ in the British Museum, I can only quote it on Mr. Pascoe’s authority. The head in S. (Pl.) armatulus is widish and hardly notched. 3. Descriprion or Two New Species or BULIMUS FROM THE CouLecTION oF Mrs. pE Burexn. By Lover. Reeve, E.L:S; EGS: BuLimus DEBURGHI®. bul. testa elongato-ovata, crassiuscula, parum ventricosa, intense c@rulescenti-viridi, infra suturas flavicanti-viridi abrupte interrupta, strigis flavidis longitudi- nalibus oblique undatis subdistantibus ornata, linea nigra spiraliter decurrente ; anfractibus sex, declivt-conveais, levibus, apertura parviuscula alba; labro refiexo ; columella eburnea, valide implicata. Long. 23 in. Lat. 14 in. Hab. Peruvian side of the Amazon. A fine solid shell, encircled by a broad dark-green band, which suddenly stops short within a quarter of an inch of the suture, where the shell is yellowish-green, and it is crossed obliquely with yellow lightning-marks, which on reaching a thin black spiral band become narrower and more numerous. The columella, which is strongly plaited, and the aperture, are of a shining porcelain white. Buuimmus PEELII. Bul. testa elongato-ovata, subfusiformi, basi effusa, albida, maculis undatis ferrugineo-grisers albipunctatis fasciatim marmorata ; anfractibus sex, levibus aut longitudi- naliter plicato-striatis ; columella subappressa et oblique con- torta vivide aurantiaca ; apertura parviuscula, depressa ; labro tenuiter reflexo, intus vivide aurantiaco. Long. 24 in. Lat. 3 in. Hab. Peruvian side of the Amazon. This very elegant species belongs to the Bolivian and New Gra- nada type of the genus represented by B. fusoides, murinus, lino- : 124 stoma, and spectatus. It is painted with white-dotted rust-grey waved bands upon a white ground, the columella and border of the aperture being tinged-with bright orange. I have the pleasure of naming it after Capt. John Peel. 4. Some ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON ZOANTHUS COUCHII. By E. W. H. Hotpsworts, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc. Some fine groups of Zoanthus couchit from Torbay having lately come under my notice, I have been enabled to obtain a better know- ledge of the species than I possessed when I recently laid before the Society a description of its characters. I therefore venture to add a few remarks on certain points, which before were considered as re- lating to particular specimens, rather than to the species generally. First, as to size. The dimensions given in my previous com- munication were those of the largest Polypes that I had seen alive, and which were described as being from 2 to 3} lines in height by about 14 in breadth; such also is the size of many that I have seen since; but among them have been several examples in which these measurements have been nearly doubled, and with the increase of size a power of varying the shape of the body has been exhibited, almost equalling that of Corynactis, so well known for the remark- able changes of forin that it undergoes. This mutability of shape is dependent in a great measure on the degree of density of the external coating of sand, which does not increase in proportion to the growth of the animal; so that while the half-grown Polype is closely im- prisoned in its hard covering, older and larger individuals are less thickly clothed ; and when in a state of expansion, the grains of sand are sufficiently separated to allow the integument to be seen between them, and thus to permit that mobility of body which is so characteristic of the Zoanthide. The rigid form in the first spe- cimens that I examined, was one of the difficulties that I met with in identifying them with Mr. Couch’s description of the species. There are some other points of disagreement which I have little hesitation in saying are due to a misconception on the part of Mr. Couch when preparing the original description. I refer especially to the statement that ‘‘the surface of the body is minutely glan- dular,”’ and that ‘‘radiating from the mouth are numerous rows of whitish glandular-looking bodies, which are the tentacula im a con- tracted state ;’’ in both these cases it is evident that the character of the sandy covering has been misunderstood. Secondly, as to the growth of the basal membrane. I have previously referred to it under the linear and expanded forms, which I then ventured to think were only modifications in the development of one species: the re- cently captured specimens throw some further light on the subject. Among various groups on one large shell, I have found lines of Po- lypes sometimes sending out lateral shoots from the basal membrane, and these again dividing ; others expanding, so as to include two or three Polypes in parallel series, and in one instance a single specimen 125 was observed with the basal expansion extending equally on every side: again, the membrane leading from a group spreads at times over the surface of the shell in an irregular manner for a consider- able distance, without any bud arising from it; so that no special form of growth can be considered as characteristic of the connecting membrane in this species. The rate of development in the members of a group is also of the same uncertain character—a large Polype being occasionally followed by a very small one, and that succeeded by two or three of intermediate but varying size; in fact, except in certain characters, the development of this Zoanthus is subject to great irregularity ; and the cases above mentioned appear to me to confirm the opinion that I have before expressed of the specific iden- tity of the linear form of growth with that which has been found in the Northern seas, overspreading the entire surface of small uni- valves. 5. Nove ON THE ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF SALMON. By A. D. BARTLETT. The Committee of the Australian Association have been trying a series of experiments with a view of ascertaining the possibility of conveying Salmon to Australia, for the purpose of introducing this noble fish into the rivers of that country. The difficulty is to convey them across the tropics; and the object of these experiments, which have been carried on in the Crystal Palace under my supervision, has been— 1. To filter a sufficient quantity of water to supply a running stream for the spawn or young fish. 2. To ascertain the highest amount of temperature in which they would live. 3. To discover the best and most economical means of lowering the temperature, that they may be kept alive while passing the tropics. In order to accomplish the first object, arrangements were made with the Charcoal Filter Company to fix filters to supply a running stream through long boxes, which were partly filled with gravel and small stones, upon which the Salmon ova were to be placed. Mr. Ramsbottom being engaged to obtain the ova and to ensure their being perfectly impregnated, and to deposit them in the breed- ing place in the Crystal Palace, proceeded to Wales, and on the 5th of February obtained from two female fish at least 20,000 ova, which, by the usual process adopted in the artificial propagation of fish, he rendered fertile, and then starting immediately for the Crystal Palace, arrived there February 7th, and deposited the ova in the breeding- boxes, which had been duly prepared. Unfortunately, at this time the filters had ceased to act, and the water supplied by the Lambeth Water Company was obliged to be,laid on in its usual state. Ina few days the ova and the bottom of the breeding-boxes became co- 126 vered with a dark deposit, from the impure condition of the water, and large numbers of the ova died daily in consequence. Another batch of filters was then fixed, and a fresh supply of filtered water obtained ; and no more sediment was deposited upon the ova. Not- withstanding this, they continued to die for some days; but about the 20th, the whole of the deposit, which had settled upon the bottom of the boxes and upon the ova, began to rise towards the surface in the form of Conferve ; the bottom of the boxes and the remaining ova appeared quite fresh and clean; the surviving ova rapidly assumed the perfect state of the young fish; and on March 7th the young fry began to move about (the outer covering being thrown off), endeavouring to hide themselves between the stones and gravel. The temperature of the water during this experiment was 57°. In order to ascertain if any advantage could be gained by placing some of these in filtered water at a lower temperature, a number of them were carefully removed to a glass tank, supplied with a fountain at the temperature of 54°. In this they appeared to be doing well, were evidently larger and more active, and exhibited great promise. Unfortunately, on the morning of the 13th, the workmen having been ordered to make some alteration in the water pipes in the build- ing, turned off the water, leaving the young salmon, together with the ova which had not yet been hatched, five or six hours without fresh water, in the tropical end of the building: in consequence of this, they were all destroyed, and this interesting experiment delayed for a whole year, as it 1s impossible to obtain the ova until the next breeding-season. There are, however, some important facts learned from this expe- riment, one of which is the early period of hatching. Previous ex- periments have shown that 60 days usually expire before the young come to life; sometimes 140 days have passed. This experiment has proved that the young fish can be hatched mm 30 days: it yet remains to be tested whether this is an advantage. It is certain that in the case of more highly organized and warm-blooded animals, their production at an earlier period than the ordinary one is at- tended, if not with death, at least with great debility ; while, on the other hand, it is not possible to retard the operations of nature beyond the ordinary period without destroying the mother or the offspring. There are many circumstances that induce the belief that the young fish would be stronger by the early development ; but no positive conclusion can be arrived at without further experiments. Mr. Gould took occasion to lay upon the table specimens of all the known species of the genus Hlanus, and made some observations upon their habits and economy, and their distribution over the face of the globe. With the exception of Hlanus leucurus, which is confined to America, all the other species of the genus are inhabit- ants of the Old World, the Hlanus melanopterus being found spa- ringly in Southern Europe, Africa, the Indian Peninsula, and pro- 127 bably Java,—the Hlanus axillaris inhabiting Australia, and perhaps extending its range to Java (he said perhaps, because a slight difference is observable between the only Javan specimen he had seen and those from Australia), and the fine Hlanus inscriptus having been hitherto found only in Australia. To these he now added, to the Old World a fourth species, and to the entire group a fifth, by cha- racterizing a fine bird from Celebes as Elanus hypoleucus. This new species is one of the largest members of the genus, and is rendered conspicuous by the entire under surface being white, even the basal half of all the primaries being of this hue,—in which respect, and in its larger size, it materially differs from the H. melanopterus, the only bird with which it could be confounded. ELANUS HYPOLEUCUS, Gould. Adult.—Face, space over the eye, ear-coverts, all the under sur- face of the body, under tail-coverts, under surface of the tail feathers, and the thighs, pure white; the under surface of the wing is also pure white ; basal half of the under side of the first six primaries white, slightly speckled with grey, passing into blackish grey; on their apical halves this grey hue also pervades the under surface of the remaining primaries ; crown of the head, back of the neck, back, and scapularies, deep grey; on the shoulders a large patch of black ; secondaries and basal half of the primaries deep grey, passing into blackish grey at their tips; two centre tail feathers grey above, the next on each side grey on their outer margins, the rest white ; cere and legs orange yellow; bill and nails black. Total length, 14 inches ; bill, 145 wing, 123; tail, 63; tarsi, 13. Young.—At apparently about nine months old differs from the adult in having the crown lineated with reddish brown, and a cres- cent of white at the tip of the primaries, secondaries, scapularies, and wiug-coverts. Hab. Vicinity of Macagsar, Celebes. Remark.—The above description of the adult is taken from a fine example in the possession of J. H. Gurney, Esq., which, as well as the young bird in the possession of Mr. Gould, was collected by Mr. Wallace. Dr. Crisp exhibited a hen, six years of age, that had taken on the plumage of the cock ; the bird also had spurs an inch long. On dissection, the ovary was found converted into a hard cartilaginous mass of uniform consistence. He placed the specimen before the Society, not because this abnormal state of the ovary, and consequent change of external character, was of rare occurrence, but rather for the purpose of ascertaining whether such changes of plumage cc- curred in birds living in a state of nature. Dr. Crisp had seen them in the Hen, tame Duck, and common Pheasant ; but the last-named bird in this country could scarcely be called a wild bird. There was one curious physiological deduction which he might notice: viz. that when quadrupeds were castrated (young), they 128 assumed a feminine appearance ; but birds, on the contrary, when the function of the ovary was destroyed, put on the male character. March 22nd, 1859. . Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. Mr. Gould exhibited and characterized two new species of birds, one belonging to the family Cuculid@, the other to the Coturnicea, and remarkable as forming probably the smallest species of the groups to which they respectively pertained. For a small Shining Cuckoo, killed at Port Essington, on the north coast of Australia, and of the same form and very nearly allied to the Chrysococcyx lucidus of New South Wales and the C. dasalis of Java, Mr. Gould proposed the name of Chrysococcyx minutillus ; and for the Quail, which belonged to the genus Hvcalfactoria of Bonaparte, that of Hxcalfactortia minima. The following are the descriptions of these new species :— CHRYSOCOCCYX MINUTILLUS, Gould. Head, all the upper surface, and wings shining bronzy-green ; all the under surface white, barred with bronzy-green, the bars being most distinct on the flanks ; primaries and secondaries white on the basal portion of their inner webs; two centre tail feathers bronzy- green ; the next on each side bronzy-green on the outer web, rufous on the inner web, crossed by a broad band of black near the tip, and with an oval spot of white across the tip of the inner web ; the two next on each side bronzy-green on their outer webs, their inner webs rufous, with large spots of black near the shaft, most conspicuous in the outermost of the two feathers ; their inner webs are also crossed near the tip with a very broad band of black, and have an oval spot of white at the tip; the outer feather on each side is barred alter- nately on the outer web with dull bronzy-green and dull white, and on the inner one with broad decided bars of black and white, and tipped with white ; bill black ; feet olive. Total length 53 inches, bill 3, wing 34, tail 25, tarsi 3. Remark.—This bird is perhaps more nearly allied to the Java species, C. basalis of Horsfield, than to the C. lucidus; but it is as much smaller than the C. dasalis as that. bird is less than C. lucidus. The type of C. basalis, which is the only one | have seen, is not a fully adult bird; and yet the measurement of its wing exceeds by half an inch that of the C. minutillus. EXCALFACTORIA MINIMA, Gould. Forehead and sides of the head grey ; crown of the head, all the upper surface, and wing-coverts reddish-brown, conspicuously spotted 129 and minutely freckled with brownish-black, a lme of buff down the crown and nape, and a narrow line of brownish-white down the centre of the feathers, changing to broad and conspicuous stripes of buff on the lower part of the back and tail-coverts ; wings pale brown ; chin and throat black, on each side of which is an oblong patch of white encircled by a narrow line of black ; below the black a broad crescent of white, fringed on the sides with black, and bounded below by a narrow semi-crescent of deep black ; under surface grey, mottled on the flanks like the upper surface ; line down the centre of the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts chestnut-red ; bill black ; feet yellowish. Total length 3 inches, bill 1, wing 23, tarsi 2. Hab. Vicinity of Macassar, Celebes. Remark.—For this, the most diminutive species of the Gallinacee yet discovered, we are indebted to the researches of A. R. Wallace, Esq. It is of precisely the same form and very nearly allied to, but quite distinct from, the well-known Chinese Quail, Hacalfactoria chinensis (Coturnix chinensis of authors). The following extract from a Letter received by Mr. S. Stevens from Mr. Wallace, dated Batchian, Moluccas, Oct. 29, 1858, was read :-~ ‘‘ Here I have been as yet only five days ; but from the nature of the country, and what I have already done, I am inclined to think it may prove one of the best localities I have yet visited. Birds are as yet very scarce; but I still hope to get a fine collection, though I believe I have already the finest and most wonderful bird in the island. I hada good mind to keep it a secret, but I cannot resist telling you. I have a new Bird of Paradise! of a new genus!! quite unlike anything yet known, very curious and very handsome!!! When I can get a couple of pairs, I will send them overland, to see what a new Bird of Paradise will really fetch. Had I seen the bird in Ternate, | should never have believed it came from here, so far out of the hitherto supposed region of the Paradiseide. I consider it the greatest discovery I have yet made ; and it gives me hopes of getting other species in Gilolo and Ceram. There is also here a species of Monkey—much further eastwards than m any other island; so you see this is a most curious locality, combining forms of the East and West of the Archipelago, yet with species peculiar to itself. ‘It also differs from all the other Moluccas in its geological formation, con- taining iron, coal, copper, and gold, with a glorious forest vegetation and fine large mountain streams : it is a continent in miniature. The Dutch are working the coals ; and there is a good road to the mines, which gives one easy access to the interior forests. “JT can do nothing at drawing birds, but send you a horrible sketch of my discovery, that you may not die of curiosity. IT am told the wet season here is terrible, and it begins in December ; 3 80 I shall probably have to leave then.”’ No. 392.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 130 The sketch alluded to in the above extract having been placed in Mr. G. R. Gray’s hands for examination and comparison with the other known species, the following notes of that gentleman, cee to it, were read to the meeting :— ‘This Paradise-Bird proves, as Mr. Wallace remarks in his lettre, to be a new form, differing from all its congeners, appre most nearly to the King Bird of Paradise; but in place of the lengthened caudal appendages, it has, springing from the lesser coverts of each wing, two long shafts, both of which are webbed on each side at the apex. It is the possession of these peculiar winged standards that induces me to propose for it the subgeneric appellation of Semio- ptera. “‘T have endeavoured to transform the rough sketch into the probable appearance of the living bird ; and I further add the pro- visional specific name of Paradisea wallacii, which appellation ] think is justly due to Mr. Wallace for the indefatigable energy he has hitherto shown in the advancement of ornithological and ento- mological knowledge, by visiting localities rarely if ever travelled by naturalists. ““T wait for the arrival of the specimens before venturing to give more detailed accounts of its subgeneric characters, or a full de- scription of its coloration, &c., which I hope to have the pleasure of laying before the members at some future meeting of the So- Gleiyi i Mr. G. R. Gray laid before the meeting a drawing of Tringa pec- toralis, which was made by the late Mr. Adams, Surgeon of H.M.S. ‘Enterprise.’ It exhibited the bird in the act of having inflated its throat and breast in the manner of the Ponter Pigeon. From the correctness of the other drawings by the same gentleman, Mr. Gray had little doubt that Mr. Adams observed this singular phenomenon in the specimen from which the drawing was taken. The drawing was more especially placed before the members, in the hopes of learning whether such a singularity of habits had been noticed before in this species or in any other of the Tringe. The bird has peculiar feathers on its breast. yess ie) oh on esi i a Miguenaee J .Wolf, lith. PLECTROPTERUS ICE eA Glbce GAMBENSIOS, Or OG. April 12, 1859. Professor Busk, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Description or A New SPECIES OF OWL OF THE GENUS CiccaBa. By Paruie LuTrury SCLATER. Mr. Gurney has invited my attention to the example of an Owl of the genus Ciccaba, which I now exhibit. It has already passed through my hands once, having been submitted to my examination by M. Verreaux, along with other birds from Southern Mexico, of which I gave some account in these ‘ Proceedings’ for last year. As will be seen by referring to my remarks given on that occasion *, I then somewhat unwillingly referred it to Ciccaba huhula. Mr. Gurney, however, having acquired the specimen for the Norwich Museum, agrees with M. Jules Verreaux (whose opinion to that effect I have already recorded) in insisting on its distinctness. And having lately had an opportunity of examining a second specimen of this bird in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, I am now quite prepared to coincide with their views, and to characterize this Mexican Ciccaba as an independent species, differing from, though closely allied to, the S. American Ciccaba huhula. It may be recognized at once by the more uniform colour above, there being hardly a trace of white transverse markings, except on the elongated feathers of the neck-collar; and by the ground-colour below being pure white, crossed by frequent narrow bands of black, each feather showing three or four of such cross-bands. I propose to call this bird CICCABA NIGROLINEATA. Schistacescenti-nigra, colli postici plumis elongatis et albo ter qua- terve transfasciatis : maculis in regione superciliari et auri- culari quibusdam albis: subtus alba, lineis nigris crebro trans- fasciata: mento nigro: subalaribus albis, ngro variegatis : cauda nigra, albo quinquies transfasciata: rostro et pedibus flavissimis : tibus nigris, albo sparsis. Long. tota 15:0, alee 10°5, caudee 6°78, rostria rictu 1°35, tarsi 2-1, Hab. In Mexico Meridionali. Mus. Norfolciense et Parisiense. 2. Note on THE SpuR-WINGED GEESE (PLECTROPTERUS) NOW LIVING IN THE Soctety’s Garpens. By Puitip LuTLey SCLATER. (Aves, Pl. CLITI.) The Society have frequently possessed living examples of the Spur- winged Goose of Western Africa (Plectropterus gambensis) ; and we * See P.Z.S, 1858, p. 96. 132 have at present two male examples of this bird in the Gardens. Last summer, along with the Secretary-birds (Serpentarius reptili- vorus), came two Spur-winged Geese from Eastern Africa. They were placed in the Gardens along with the W. African pair, and immediately attracted the notice of those who take an interest in such matters, as being apparently of a different species. Comparing the males of the eastern and western birds together, we observe that the former is larger, stands considerably higher, and has longer tarsi and larger feet. There is a large oblong naked space of bare pink skin on the throat, which is wholly wanting in the West African bird; the beak is longer, and the bony protuberance on the front is much larger and more elevated. We have not, unfortu- nately, the female of the eastern species ; but Ruppell tells us that in her too there is a stripe of naked skin between the eve and the base of the bill. Now in the western bird the whole sides of the head in both sexes are closely feathered : the male has a frontal pro- tuberance (much smaller, however, than in the eastern species) ; the female has none. It appears therefore that two species have been confounded together under the name gambensis. The West African bird, originally brought from the Gambia (whence the name), and which has been described and figured as such by Latham, Yarrell, and other writers, is obviously the proper owner of the title Plec- tropterus gambensis ; while the East African bird, first accurately figured and described by Dr. E. Ruppell in the third volume of the ‘Museum Senckenbergianum,’ may very appropriately take the name of Plectropterus riippellit. On examining the stuffed specimens in the gallery of the British Museum, as I have been enabled to do through Mr. G. R. Gray’s kindness, I find examples of both species. Of the larger Plectro- pterus riippellii there is a male bird procured during Clapperton’s expedition in Central Africa, and a female which died in the Zoolo- gical Gardens. Of the smaller Plectropterus gambensis there is one from Western Africa, and one of which the locality is not marked. An immature bird from the Cape is certainly referable to the smaller species. The separation of these two birds may not perhaps be entirely satisfactory until we have had an opportunity of examining their internal structure, several parts of which, particularly the trachea, are well known to afford good characters for discriminating nearly allied species among the Anatide, as has been so successfully shown in Mr. Eyton’s Monograph. In the accompanying plate (Pl. CLIII.) are represented the male birds of Plectropterus gambensis and Plectropterus riippellii. 133 3. NoTes ON THE ScALy ANT-EATER (MANIS JAVANICA), TAKEN DURING LIFE AND AFTER DEATH. By Artraur ADAMS, F.L.S., Surgeon H.M.S. ‘Acrzon.’ A. During Life. Two living specimens of this singular mammal having come under my observation, I am induced to offer some account of their habits as far as I was enabled to make them out. Our first Ant-eater is a female, and rejoices in the sobriquet of “Scales.’’ She is crepuscular, and remains coiled up in a ball during the day, secure in her scaly panoply ; but at the decline of day she grows lively. Now a creature whose habits require to be studied by the aid of a dark lantern must needs be interesting even to the most mcurious ; and a Lizard-like Mammal whose every movement and attitude is probably a living illustration of those great extinct qua- drupeds which once peopled the earth before man was created, must certainly have the power of arresting the attention, if not of stimula- ting the imagination. I doubt not Professor Owen would have lain prone on his stomach all the livelong night to watch the evolutions of this gnome-like mountaineer. And indeed there is something old-world and weird in her aspect as she prowls about at night. The Scotch would say she has an “uncanny”? look ; and truly, if but ten times bigger, she would unmistakeably remind one of the times before the Deluge. When she walks she treads gingerly on the bent- under claws of her fore feet, and more firmly on the palms of her hind feet. A very favourite attitude with her is that assumed by her gigantic extinct analogue the Mylodon, as seen in the wondrous model of Waterhouse Hawkins in the Gardens of the Crystal Palace. The fore feet in my ‘“‘ Madam Scales”? are raised ; and the animal is supported by the strong hind limbs, and firm, flattened, powerful mus- cular tail, the head and body being at the same time moved from side to side, and the little round prominent eyes peering curiously about in every direction. In walking, the fourth toe of the hind foot is also extended. The Chinese, in their sly manner, say that she pretends to be very quiet ; but ‘‘s’pose no man lookee,”’ she runs very fast. She is certainly of a very timid and retiring dispo- sition, tucking in her head between her fore legs on the least alarm. So apathetic a quadruped appeared our ‘‘ Pangolin”’ (for such is she called by the Malays), that, coiled up in a strong net, I considered her properly secured, and carefully deposited her in my cabin. But no sooner did the last gleam of light vanish from my little ‘scuttle ”’ than she knew the period of her lethargy had expired, and, bursting the trammels of her hempen toil, she roamed abroad ; and the first intimation I had of her escape was the ominous bark of Master “ Woulff,”’ a clever little terrier we had on board. Dog, puzzled by the queer scaly rat he had suddenly encountered, regarded with im- potent rage the lizard-like intruder ; while ‘ Scales,’’ secure in her coat of mail, bid defiance to the attacks of her canine assailant. The Sealy Ant-eater is called by the Chinese of Quang-tung 134 “‘Chun-shau-cap,” which literally means ‘‘Scaly Hill-borer.’ They also name it “ Ling-li”’ or “ Hill-Carp ;”’ and it seems to be regarded by them as truly “a fish out of water.” They say it lives in the sides of the great mountains, and that it lays a trap for insects by erecting its scales, when, suddenly closing them, flies, ants, and other intruders are secured, and, when dead, fall out and are eaten. They also assert that it feeds upon fish; but both these stories appear to be myths something similar to those told of our own familar ‘‘ Hedge-pig ” sucking the teats of cows, and impaling apples on her quills in the orchards. The Manis javanica is sold in the markets at-Canton, and is often carried about the streets as acuriosity. The scales are employed by the Chinese for medicinal purposes ; but the flesh does not appear to be eaten, though it is very excellent food when roasted, as I can testify from personal experience, having had a portion of the defunct ‘‘Scales”’ nicely cooked. The Manis climbs very well, and can suspend itself head downwards by means of its strong flat tail. We fed our “Scaly Hill-borers” on raw eges and chopped raw beef, on which they seemed to thrive. The unfortunate ‘‘Scales”’ fell a victim to female curiosity. Exploring the hold of the ship in one of her midnight rambles, she was lost for a time, and at length found her way back to her box, where she died of starvation. B. After Death. Our specimen was an adult female, weighing 4 lbs. The length from the end of the nose to the root of the tail was 14} inches, of the head 3 inches, and of tail 102; extreme length 2 feet 14 mch. Head.—The eye is protuberant, and the cornea remarkably convex ; the vision is lateral; the eye-lids are pyriform, the pointed end for- ward, the upper lid well-rounded ; the iris is brown, with a tinge of green. ‘The nostrils and lips are fleshy, naked, and, when the animal is alive, constantly moistened by a mucous secretion. The ears are naked and open. The tongue (used as a feeler during life) is 9 inches in length, and is enclosed in a membranous sheath; it is highly re- tractile and muscular, subcylindrical at the base, flattened at the an- terior half, grooved on the upper surface, and beset with prominent papille. At the hinder end of the groove, arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle, are three pores which secrete a viscid fluid. The epiglottis is broad and hood-like; the thyroid glands are 24 inches in length and 17 in width: they are very large, ovate, and pointed at each end. : Thoraz.—The mammary glands are large, pectoral, two in number, and weli developed. The lungs are composed of three lobes on the right, and two on the left side; the middle lobe very small; the lower lobe furnished with a process which embraces the base of the heart. The heart is central, large, and oval; the auricles very di- stinct ; the ventricles thick oat fleshy ; the eal carnese and chorda tendinea very strong ; the vena cava very large. The liver is large and five-lobed ; the upper lobe is large, the middle is notched in front, irregular and trilobate; the left lateral is rounded, with a ope. « : oS De te, : VIREO JOSEPHA SAAT. M & N.Hanbert, fag - ¥ 135 thin edge; the right lateral is subcylindrical and truncate below. The gall-bladder is large, and placed between the upper central and right lateral lobes of the liver. The pancreas is of loose texture, transversely elongated, flattened and pointed, obliquely truncate at one end, angular and pointed at the other; coiled up imbedded in a sac on the outer surface of the truncate extremity, was a small slender worm. The omentum is thin and membranous, with no fat; the mesen- tery is membranous and transparent, the vessels conspicuous, and the glands large, brown, and flattened. The stomach is simple, 4 inches in length, the greatest breadth 3 inches ; coats muscular, especially at the pyloric extr emity, where the muscle is thickened so as almost to form a fleshy gizzard. The mucous membrane is loosely corrugated at the cardiac end, and densely covered with papille at the pyloric extremity. There is a central pyriform tubercle suspended from the lesser curvature, pro- jecting into the cavity of the stomach. Between the thickened parts of the stomach, imbedded in the coats on the greater curvature, and midway between the cardia and pyloris, is a small sac surrounded by a mass of glands, the use and structure of which is to me unknown. The small intestines are 10 feet 10 inches long, and half an inch in circumference ; they are dark-coloured and vascular. The caecum is 23 inches in length and 1 inch in circumference. The large intestines are 10 inches long and 1+ inch in circumference. The kidneys are ovoid, large, and smooth ; the pelvis ending in a single follicle or sac; the ureters end near the neck of the small pear-shaped bladder. The ovaries are + inch long, small, yellow, ovoid, and spotted, and situated at the inner side of the horns of the uterus. The uterus is divided above into two horns, which are curved in- wards and downwards; each cornu is | inch in length; body of uterus 14 inch long and subcylindrical. Fallopian tubes 2 inches in length. Vagina long and muscular. Anus immediately behind vulva at root of tail; there is a transverse. linear opening leading to a cul de sac 4 inch deep, studded with conical papilla, and which is the seat of the peculiar odour of the Manis, which is alliaceous. A second Entozoon was found in the muscles of the lumbar region. 4. List oF THE First CoLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE BY Mr. Lovis Fraser aT PALLATANGA, Ecuapor, witH Notes AND Descriptions oF New Species. By Puitip LutTLey SCLATER. (Aves, Pl. CLIV.) Mr. Fraser passed part of the month of August, the whole of Sep- tember and October, and part of November last year at Pallatanga, a pueblo lying to the 8.E. of Riobamba on the Pacific slope of the 136 Western Cordillera of Ecuador in the tierra caliente. The branch of the Rio Chimbo, which flows through the ravine on which this place is situated, joins the main stream below, and enters the gulf of Guayaquil. The place is marked in Dr. Villvicencio’s Map of Ecuador, and described in his ‘ Geografia,’ p. 326. The following list gives the species contained in Mr. Fraser’s first collection from this locality, a second and larger collection not having been received by reason of the blockade of Guayaquil by the forces of the neighbouring republic of Peru. This is by far the best locality for birds that Mr. Fraser has yet visited. The collection contams 290 skins, represent- ing 102 species, among which are several interesting novelties. In the first rank of these must be placed the new Umbrella-bird, Cepha- lopterus penduliger, which I have already exhibited to the Society. Other apparently new species are Vireo josephe, Nemosia ornata, Anabates subalaris and A. temporalis, Dysithamnus unicolor, For- micwora caloptera, and Pachyrhamphus homochrous, all of which I have described below; and Odontophorus erythrops, which Mr. Gould has already described in these ‘ Proceedings.’ Besides these, we have some scarce Humming-birds—Panoplites mathewsii, Heliotrypha viola, and Bourcierta fulgidigula,—and some rare and beautiful Tou- cans—Andigena lamimrostris and Aulacorhamphus erythropygius. I forbear making remarks upon the general character of the orni- thology of this locality until the arrival of Mr. Fraser’s second col- lection, formed on the same spot, shall give us a further insight into its peculiarities. I. PAssERES. 1. Turpus Gicas, Fraser. Irides hazel ; bill, legs, and feet orange. 1 ex. 9, Sept. 2. TuRDUS ATROSERICEUS (Lafr.).—Merula atrosericea, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 3. “Bill, rim round the eyes, legs, and feet orange.”’ 1 ex. 3. 3. TURDUS ALBIVENTRIS, Spix. ‘“‘g, rides light brown ; bill greenish-yellow.” 4. CaTHARUS FUSCATER (Lafr.).—Myioturdus fuscater, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 341; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1858, p. 64. Several specimens, ¢ and 2. Sexes alike. Merlo. “Bill and rim round the eyes red; legs and feet orange. Frequents swampy places. Contents of stomach—fruit, seeds, and insects.” Comparing these specimens with examples of Catharus melpomene I can see no ground for generie separation, and therefore propose to unite the genus Malacocichla to Catharus, of which the six species will then stand as follows :— 1. C. melpomene, ex Mexico (Cf. P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 971). 2. C. aurantirostris, ex Venezuela. 3. C. meaicanus, Bp., ex Mexico. 137 4. C. fuscater, ex Nov. Granad. et rep. Equat. 5. C. dryas, ex Guatemala. 6. C. maculatus, ex ripis fl. Napo. 5. TROGLODYTES FURVUS (Gm.). Two ex. agreeing with specimens from 8. Martha, Trinidad, and the Lower Amazon. 6. PARULA BRASILIANA (Licht.). Already noticed from New Granadian collections. See P. Z.S. 1855, p. 143. 7. SETOPHAGA VERTICALIS ( Lafr. et D’Orb.). * Trides hazel; bill, legs, and feet black.’” Seemingly a common species. Mr. Fraser has sent many examples. 8. BASILEUTERUS CHRYSOGASTER, Tsch.—Setophaga chryso- gastra, Tsch. F. P. p. 276. One ex. Irides hazel; bill black ; legs and feet orange. 9. BastheuTERUS CoRONATUS (Tsch.). — Setophaga coronata, Tsch. F. P. p. 16. Two ex. °*‘Trides hazel; bill brown, darker above; feet nearl 9 y. orange. 10. BasrLeurervs Bivirtatus (Lafr. et D’Orb.).—Muscicapa bivittata, Lafr. et D’Orb. — Myiodioctes:tristriatus, Tsch. Av. Consp. p. 283. Two ex. ‘‘Irides white; bill nearly black ; legs and feet flesh- colour. la partie inférieure des tours ; le reste de la surface est lisse ; la suture est crenelée avec beaucoup de régularité. Le dernier tour est allongé, cylindracé ; ; Pouverture, trés-longue et trés-ctroite, est largement échancrée a la base. La columelle est plus courte que le bord droit. 45. TEREBRA CASTA, Hinds. Terebra casta, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 163. no. 42. pl. 44. f. 84. Hab. Philippines. 46. TEREBRA DISPAR, Desh. T’. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, albo-flavidula, aliquantisper griseo-fasciata, longitudinaliter tenue plicata, transversim acu- tissime striata; anfractibus numerosis, planulatis, continuas, plicis in medio evanescentibus ; apertura elongato-angusta ; co- lumella brevi, acuta, late profundeque basi emarginata. Long. 29 mill., larg. 6. Hab. ? Ma Collection. 47. TEREBRA BIPARTITA, Desh. T. testa elongato-acuminata, subfusiformi, crassa, solida, albo griseoque transversim bipartita; anfractibus convexiusculis, longitudinaliter plicatis, ad suturam crenulatis, plicis superne evanescentibus ; ultimo anfractu elongato-attenuato, basi late profundeque emarginato; apertura elongato-angusta, superne attenuata, intus flavidula. Long. 22 mill., larg. 5. fab. Iles Sandwich. Collection Cuming. 48. TeEREBRA APrIciINA, Desh. T’. testa elongato-angusta, apice acutissimo, alba vel flavidula, ad suturam fasciola fuscula, castaneo-punctata; anfractibus nume- rosis, planis, primis violaceo-lividis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis obliquis superne evanescentibus ; ultimo anfractu apice attenuato, canali brevissimo terminato, basi late profundeque emarginato; apertura alba, ovato- -angusta, utringue attenuata ; labro tenui, convexo ; columella brevi, angulo acuto basi circum- data. Long. 22 mill., larg. 5. Hab. Singapore. Collection Cuming. 285 49. TrerReBRA BACILLUS, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, albo-cornea vel atrata, lon- gitudinaliter tenue plicata, plicis superne evanescentibus ; an- fractibus numerosis, angustis, planis, continurs, sutura vie di- stinctis, ultimo brevi, attenuato ; apertura minima, superne acute angulata, basi dilatata ; columella nigrescente, brevi, late pro- Jundeque emarginata. Long. 23 mill., larg. 5. fTab. les Sandwich. Collection Cuming. 50. TEREBRA DUNKERI, Desh. Terebra eburnea, Desh. 1853 (nec Hinds, 1844), Zeits. fiir Malac. 1853, p. 96. no. 35. Hag. ——! 51. TEREBRA CuUSPIDATA, Hinds. Terebra cuspidata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 181. no. 90. pl. 45. f128;, Hab. Cote d’ Afrique. 52. TEREBRA LACTEA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-turrita, angusta, apice acutissimo, can- dida, ad suturam lactea, opaca, longitudinaliter tenue plicata ; anfractibus planis, ad suturam anguste et obsolete marginatis, margine simplici, primis nigris; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi attenuato, levigato ; apertura minima, brevissima, ad angulum superiorem valde angustata, paullo callosa, basi dilatata, pro- funde lateque emarginata. Long. 21 mill., larg. 4. Hab. Iles Sandwich. Collection Cuming et la mienne. 53. TEREBRA TRAILLII. T. testa minima, elongato-acuminata, subulata, apice acutissimo, fulva eleganter transversim griseo-fasciata, in ultimo anfractu fasciis duabus ; anfractibus planis, continuis, longitudinaliter tenue semiplicatis ; apertura minima, triangulari, inferne attenuata, superne dilatata, late profundeque emarginata ; columella conoidea, macula fusca notata, callo albo angusto extus circumdata. Long. 23 mill., larg. 43. / Hab. Vasigapatam, Océan Indien. Collection Cuming. Charmante petite coquille appartenant au méme groupe que les semiplicata, bipartita, apicina, &c., mais trés-distincte de toutes ses congénéres ; allongée, étroite, trés-aigiie au sommet ; ses tours sont plans et conjoints ; ils sont ornés de nombreux plis longitudi- naux qui naissent a la suture et disparaissent vers le milieu des tours. 286 La coloration est remarquable: sur un fond d’un beau jaune fauve, tirant un peu a l’orangé, se dessine au-dessus de lasuture une large fascie blanche partagée en deux parties presque-égales par un ruban étroit d’un gris ferrugineux sombre: une fascie de la méme couleur occupe la base du dernier tour. 54. TEREBRA MERA, Hinds. Terebra mera, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 184. no. 102. pl. 45. f. 108, 114. fTab. Détroit de Malacca. 2. Plis continus dun tour a U autre. 55. TEREBRA VERREAUXI, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, nitidissima ; anfractibus latis, planis, continuis, indivisis, plicis appressis, parum obliquis, eleganter regularibus, utrinque sutura sculptis; apertura elongato-an- gusta, utrinque attenuata; labro tenui, in medio productiore ; columella alba, cylindracea, obsolete uniplicata, basi extus marginata ; colore pallide flavescente, ad suturam fasciola alba, punctis castaneo-rubris ornata ; ultimo anfractu fasciola alba altera circumdato. Long. 38 mill., larg. 9. An eadem ac Terebra striatula, Kiener (non Lamk.), Icon. des Cog. Viv. pl. 9. f.18? Hab. ? Ma Collection, communiquée par M. Verreaux. 56. TEREBRA ARGENVILLII, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, pallide rubro-violascente, ad suturam albo fasciata, rubro eleganter punctata ; anfractibus numerosis, planis, longitudinaliter costulatis, ad suturam crenulatis; ultimo anfractu elongato, fasciola pallida in medio partito; aper- tura elongato-angusta, utrinque attenuata, castaneo-rubescente; labro tenui, recto; columella cylindracea, extus marginata, apice acuminata. Long. 35 mill., larg. 63. Hab. ? Ma Collection. 57. TEREBRA CONTINUA, Desh. T. testa elongato-acuminata, nitida, albo-flavida vel carneola, longitudinaliter regulariterque plicata ; anfractibus latis, planis, continuis, sutura impressa vie separatis; ultimo an- fractu elongato, basi attenuato ; columella alba, brevi, conoidea; apertura elongato-angusta, utraque extremitate attenuata ; labro tenut, recto. Long. 31 mill., larg. 7. Hab. ? Collection Cuming et la mienne. 287 58. TrEREBRA ACUMEN, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angustissima, apice acutissimo, castaneo- cinnamomea ; anfractibus planulatis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis appressis, simplicibus, suturis undulatis, fasciola alba, rubro-punctata ornatis ; ultimo anfractu fasciola alba in medio bipartito; apertura elongato-angusta, intus pallide castanea, utrinque attenuata ; columella cylindracea, simplici, bast an- guste profundeque emarginata. Long. 22 mill., larg. 3. Hab. ? Collection Cuming et la mienne. Petite espéce remarquable avoisinant le Terebra argenvillei ainsi que le matheroniana, mais différente de Pune et de l’autre par la taille, la coloration et les autres caractéres spécifiques. 59. TEREBRA CONCINNA, Desh. Terebra concinna, Desh. dans Lamk. An. s.Vert. ed. 2. x. p. 259 ; D’Argenville, Conch. pl. 11. f. R. Buceinum strigilatum, var. 3. ex parte Gmel. p. 3501. Buccinum concinnum, Dillw. Cat. t. i. p. 647. no. 144. Hab. if - 60. TEREBRA MATHERONIANA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-angusta, acuminata, nitidissima, cas- tanea, ad suturam fasciola angusta alba atro-punctata ornata ; anfractibus planiusculis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis crassis rectis, in ultimo anfractu evanescentibus ; ultimo anfractu elongato, ad aperturam coarctato, in medio fasciola alba bi- partito; apertura minima, angusta, basi dilatata, intus cas- tanea. Long. 18 mill., larg. 3. Hab. Taiti. Ma Collection. 61. TEREBRA SALLZANA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, apice acuminato, fusco- fuliginosa; anfractibus subplanis, ad suturam semiplicatzs, plicis albicantibus, interstitiis fusco-castaners exilissimis, sub lente transversim striato-punctatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, ad peripheriam fasciola albicante cincto; apertura brevi, subtre- gona, castanea ; columella cylindracea, extus alba, basi late pro- fundeque emarginata. Long. 24 mill., larg. 5. Hab. Mexico (Sallé). Collection Cuming. 62. TEREBRA CALIGINOSA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, castaneo-grisea, livida, lon- 288 gitudinaliter regulariterque acute costata ; anfractibus planes, conjunctis, linea impressa vix perspicua, inequaliter divisis, interstitiis costularum obsoletissime transversim striatis ; ultimo anfractu elongato ; apertura minima, ovato-attenuata, Susea, canali brevi latoque terminata ; columella cylindracea, extus angulo acuto marginata. Long. 30 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Iles Philippines. Collection Cuming. 63. TEREBRA NITIDA, Hinds. Terebra nitida, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 164. no. 40. pl. 45. f. 103. Hab. Tes Marquises. 64. TerEBRA MODESTA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, nitida, micante griseo-fuscescente, pal- lide unifasciata, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim obsolete striata ; anfractibus planis, sutura crenulata junetis ; apertura minima, intus castanea, ovato-angusta, utraque extremitate attenuata, zonula alba intus bipartita ; columella acuta, fusco maculata, superne obliquissime uniplicata. Long. 22 mill., larg. 4. Hab. L’embouchure de I’ Indus. Collection Cuming. Maleré son analogie avec le matheroniana, le caliginosa et quelques autres espéces du méme groupe celle-ci se distingue facilement, non- seulement par sa coloration, mais encore par les cdtes nombreuses, droites et régulicres, que portent les tours. Ses cdtes sont peu pro- éminentes, parfaitement régulicres ; elles disparaissent a la circon- férence du dernier tour; la coloration est d’un gris brunatre, uni- forme, si ce n’est a la suture, ow elle devient plus blanchatre. 65. TEREBRA LEPIDA, Hinds. Terebra lepida, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 182. no. 92. pl. 45. f. 102. Hab. Guinée. 66. TEREBRA BOURGUIGNATI, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-turrita, angusta, atro-fuscescente, ad suturam zonula alba cincta, longitudinaliter costata, costis rectis, angulatis, simplicibus ; anfractibus convexiusculis, linea punctata vie impressa marginatis, ultimo brevi, attenuato, canali brevi, angusto terminato; apertura minima, ovata, profunde fusca; columella brevi, cylindracea, biplicata, extus angule marginata. Long. 19 mill., larg. 4. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming et la mienne. 289 67. TEREBRA crossit, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, apice acuminata, longitudina- liter plicuta, nitida, cerulescente, zona alba maculis rubro-fuscis interrupta ad basin anfractuum ornata, venulis ramosis sangi- neis in parte superiore anfractuum dispersis ; anfractibus pla- nulatis, linea vix impressa subequaliter divisis, ultimo brevi, attenuato; columella alba, extus basi angulo acuto circumdata. Long. 23 mill., larg. 5. Hab. L’océan de V Inde. Collection de M. Crosse. Espéce remarquable par sa coloration d’un bleu peu foncé, inter- rompu a la base des tours par une large zone blanche interrompue par des taches d’un beau brun rougedtre ; de ces taches partent des lignes rameuses qui occupent tout la largeur des tours ; ces linéoles sont d’un brun rouge foned et ressemblent & de petites veines san- guinolentes. La surface est brillante, couverte de gros plis; une strie transverse 4 peine apparente divise les tours en deux parties presque , égales. 68. TEREBRA PHILIPPIANA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-turrita, angusta, acuminata, zonula JSusco-rubescente et zonula alba equaliter bipartita; anfrac- tibus vie convexis, longitudinaliter tenue plicatis, interstitis levigatis ; ultimo anfractu basi levigato et candido, attenuato ; apertura minima, candida, ovato-attenuata, profunde lateque emarginata ; columella conica, simplici, alba. Long. 8 mill., larg. 23. Hab. Iles Marquises ? Collection Cuming. Elle est l'une des plus petites esptces du genre; elle se distingue facilement par sa coloration, qui consiste en deux zones @’égale largeur, Pune blanche 4 la base des tours, l’autre brune qui montent en spi- rale de la base au sommet. 69. TeREBRA PYGM#A, Hinds. Terebra pygmea, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 184. no. 103, pl. 45. 112 Hae Chine. détreit de Malacca. 70. TEREBRA TENERA, Hinds. Terebra tenera, Winds, Thes. Conch, p.184. no. 104, pl. 45. f. 111. Hab. Chine ; détroit de Malacca. d (b.) Ouverture dilatée a la base. 1. Tours lisses ou finement striés. 71. TEREBRA NIMBOSA, Hinds. Terebra nimbosa, Winds, Thes. Conch. p. 159. no. 26, pl. 42. f. 21. Hab. Nouvelle Hollande. No. 402.—ProceEepincs of THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 290 72. TEREBRA CHRULESCENS, Lamk. Buccinum niveum, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 154 (nee niveum, p. 3495). Buccinum edentulum, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 162? Buceinum bifasciatum, Dillw. Cat. t. ii. p. 651. no. 155; Kiener, Teon. des Coq. Viv. p. 17. no. 17, pl. 6 et 7. f. 12. Hab. Nouvelle Hollande; Iles de la Société, &c. 73. TEREBRA JAMAICENSIS, C. B. Adams. Terebra gamaicensis, Lister, Conch. pl. 979. f. 37 ; C. B. Adams, Contr. to Conch. 1850, no. 4. p. 58. Buccinum strigatum, var. y, Gmel. p. 3501. T. testa elongato-acuta, griseo-fuscescente vel Nigneeies an- fractibus latis, contiguis, sutura lineari junctis, fasciola albi- dula aliquantisper irregulariter punctata ad suturam notatis, tenue plicatis, plicis in medio anfractuum evanescentibus, un- dique sub lente minutissime punctulatis ; apertura angusta, superne alternata, basi dilatata, late emarginata; columella obliqua, atro-fuscescente, callo albo-flavescente, angulo acuto extus separata. Colore variabilt. Long. 60 mill., larg. 13. Hab. La Jamaique; toutes les Antilles. 74, TEREBRA STYLATA, Hinds. Terebra stylata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 161. no. 30, pl. 44. f. 79. Hab. Philippines; Japon. 75. TEREBRA LucTUOSA, Hinds. Terebra luctuosa; Hinds,Thes. Conch. p. 181. no. 89, pl.45. f.121. Hab. Golfede Nicoya ; Porto Portrero ; cote ouest de ? Amérique. 76. TEREBRA LAURINA, Hinds. Terebralaurina, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 161. no. 29, pl. 42. f. 27. flab. Cote occidentale de l’ Afrique. Si les échantillons que nous a communiqués M. Cuming, des trois especes précédentes (stylata, luctuosa, laurina) sont bien identiques & ceux décrits par M. Hinds, il en resulterait qu’ils en different en rien d’essentiel du 7. jamaicensis et devront lui étre réunis; mais avant de prendre une décision définitive 4 ce sujet il serait néces- saire d’examiner de nouveau les types eux-mémes figures et décrits par Hinds. 77. TEREBRA CASTANEA, Kiener. Terebra castanea, Kiener, Icon. des Cog. Viv. p. 19. no. 14, pl. 7. f. 14; Hab. We de France ; Océan Indien. Cette espéce comme les précédentes a les plus grands rappers avec le jamaicensis. 291 78. TEREBRA MICANS, Hinds. Terebra micans, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 181. no. 91, pl. 45. f.125. Hab. ? 79. TEREBRA ADANSONI, Desh. T. testa elongato-acuminata, nitida, albo-luteola, aliquantisper griseo vel fusco fasciata ; anfractibus latis, contiguis, sutura lineart vix separatis, tenuiter longitudinaliter semistriatis ; ul- timo anfractu magno, subventricoso ; apertura elongato-acuta, superne attenuata, basi dilatata, profunde lateque emarginata ; columella brevi, conoidea, apice acuminata, extus callo albo —induta. Long. 39 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Sénégal. Collection Cuming et la mienne. 80. TEREBRA INCONSTANS, Hinds. Terebra inconstans, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 179. no. 85, pl. 44. f. 83. Hab. Yes Sandwich. 2. Plis continus dun tour a autre. 81. TEREBRA ANOMALA. Terebra anomala, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62; Hinds.Thes. Conch. p. 180. no. 86, pl. 44. f. 97. Hab. Singapore. 82. TEREBRA STRIGILATA, Lamk. Buceinum strigilatum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1206; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 180. no. 88, pl. 45. f. 101, 102. Hab. Nouvelle Guinée; Macassar ; Philippines. 83. TEREBRA CINEREA, Born. Buccinum cinereum, Born, Mus. p. 267, pl. 10. f. 11, 12. Hab. Philippines. — En comparant au cinerea de Born la coquille figurée sous le méme nom par M. Hinds nous remarquons des différences qui nous font soupconner une erreur dans la détermination spécifique de ce dernier naturaliste. Le T. cinerea de Basterot (Foss. de Bord. p. 52, pl. 3. f. 14) est une espéce trés-distincte de celle-ci. 84. TEREBRA NANA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-acuminata, subfusiformi, pallide flava, bifariam maculis pallidis fulvis ornata ; anfractibus angustis, vie convexiusculis, primis costatis, ultimis sumplicibus ; aper- 292 tura minima, basi dilatata ; columella brevi, conica, extus an- gulo acuto angustissimo marginata. Long. 10 mill., larg. 2. Hab. L’?embouchure de |’ Indus. Collection Cuming. D. Coquille ayant Vouverture oblongue, étroite, les tours nombreux, sillonnés, plissés ou treillissés (Myurella, Hinds). a. Un sillon transverse partageant presque également la surface des tours. 85. TEREBRA DUPLICATA, Lamk. Buccinum duplicatum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1206; Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 32. no. 27, pl. 12. f. 26. Hab. Madagascar; Océan Indien, &e. Nous avons séparé comme espéce distincte (7. Aienerz) la varicté junior de M. Kiener. 86. TEREBRA LAMARCKII, Kiener. Terebra Lamarckii, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 30. no. 25, ple G. te 19: Terebra duplicata, var., Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 155, pl. 41. f. 2. Hab. Moluques. M. Hinds n’a point accepté cette espéce ; elle nous parait distincte aprés examen d’un grand nombre d’individus. 87. TEREBRA DUSSUMIERI, Kiener. Terebra dussumieri, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 31. no. 26, pl. 8. f 16. Hab. Chine. 88. TEREBRA EVOLUTA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, apice acuto, fusco-fuliginosa ; anfracti- bus latis, rapide evolutis, ad suturam marginatis, depresso-ca- naliculatis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis albicantibus, inter- stitiis levigatis ; margine suturali depresso, crenulato ; ultimo anfractu elongato, basi convexiusculo ; apertura ovato-oblonga, Susca, antice profunde lateque emarginata ; columella obliqua. Long. 50 mill., larg. 11. Hab. Japon. Collection Cuming. Belle et remarquable espéce voisi du Dussumiert, mais bien distincte par le canal profond qui sépare le bourrelet de la suture. Sur un fond d’un brun enfoncé se détachent des cétes droites et blanchatres. 293 89. TEREBRA ARMILLATA, Hinds. Terebra armillata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 173. no. 66, pl. 43. f. 49. Hab. Panama; Californie ; baie de la Madeleine. 90. TEREBRA BERNARDII, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, acuminata, grisea, albo superne uni- fasciata, in ultimo anfractu fasciola alba, mediana ; anfracti- bus latis, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter plicatis, plicis con- veris, regularibus, transversim sulco inequaliter bipartitis, ultimo anfractu ad basin attenuato ; apertura intus castanea, labro intus fasciola alba diviso ; columella labro breviore, fla- vicante, angusta, extus bast angulo carinato circumscripta. Long. 58 mill., larg. 14. Hab. Les cotes orientales de I Australie. Ma Collection, communiquée par M. Bernardi. 91. TeReBRA JUKESI, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, turrita, omnino griseo-plumbea, ultime anfractu fasciola alba in medio cincto; anfractibus latiusculis, suleo profundo bipartitis, longitudinaliter tenue et regularite: plicatis ; margine suturali angusto, convexo, plicis apice albis notato; apertura minima, angusta, obliqua, intus castanea, basi late emarginata; columella cylindraceo-conica, extus an- gulo acuto circumdata. Long. 33 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Le Port Essington. Collection Cuming. 92. TEREBRA ADDITA, Desh. . T. testa elongato-turrita, subfusiformi, apice acuininata, griseo- Suscescente, transversim albo-fasciata ; anfractibus latis, lon- gitudinaliter plicato-costulatis, linea impressa inequaliter transversim partitis, ad suturam subcrenulatis, ultimo anfractu cylindraceo, antice attenuato, costulis ad basin evanescentibus ; apertura elongato-subquadrata, intus castanea; labro fasciolaio, albo bipartito; columella elongato-cylindracea, extus angulo acuto marginata, bast profunde emarginata. Long. 33 mill., larg. 7. Hab. La Terre de Van Diemen. Collection Cuming. 93. TEREBRA PLICATELLA, Desh. _ T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, acuta, omnino pallide griseo- flavidula; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, longitrorsum regu- lariter costulato-plicatis, punctatis, interstitialibus unica serie notatis, ultimo anfractu brevi coarctato, basi levigato; aper- | i tura parvula, intus flavida, utraque extremitate attenuata, an- 294 tice canali brevi et angusto terminata, margine sinistro proemi- nente. Long. 37 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Va Terre de Van Diemen. Collection Cuming. 94, TEREBRA LONGISCATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, livide fusco-grisea, longitu- dinaliter costulata, transversim obsolete striata; anfractibus numerosis, suleo wmpresso subequaliter divisis, planis, subcon- tinuis, ultimo brevi, apice attenuato; apertura intus castanea, minima, ovato-angusta, utraque extremitate attenuata. Long. 29 mill., larg. 9. flab. Les Ules Philippines. | Collection Cuming. 95. TEREBRA SPECTABILIS, Hinds. Terebra spectabilis, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 157. no. 17, pl. 44. f. 88, 89. | fab. Guinée ; Sumatra. 96. TEREBRA USTULATA, Desh. T’. testa elongato-conica, apice acuminata, basi lata, breviuscula, castanea, ultimo anfractu superne castaneo nitentiore picto ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, subaqualiter sulco bipartites ; area inferiore paulo angustiore, multo depressiore, altera lon- gitudinaliter plicata; plicis regularibus crassiusculis ; imter- stitus simplicibus, in margine sutural minus proeminentibus ; apertura brevi, angusta, fusca, canali brevissemo terminata. Var. B. Testa albido-fuscescente, ultimo anfractu basi fusco. Long. 35 mill., larg. 10. Hab. La Terre de Van Diemen. Collection Cuming. 97. TEREBRA KIENERI, Desh. Terebra duplicata, var. junior, Kien. Spec. Gen. pl. 12. f. 26 A. T. testa elongato-turrita, pallide castanea, tenuissime longitudi- naliter plicata ; anfractibus latis, convexiusculis, sulco impresso inequaliter bipartitis ; margine suturalt depressiusculo, ultimo anfractu brevi, basi obtuso ; apertura minima, ovata, basi an- guste emarginata, Long. 22 mill., larg. 6. Hab. La Terre de Van Diemen. Collection Cuming et celle du Mus. de Paris. b. Bourrelet de la suture étrovt. 98. TEREBRA GEMMULATA, Kiener. Terebra gemmulata, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 15. no. 11, pleco, fellas Hab. -——? 299 99. TeresRA pisLtocaTa, De Kay. Terebra dislocata, De Kay, Zool. of New York, pt. 5. p. 152, ple7. £158. Cerithium dislocatum, Say, Journ. Ac. Nat.Sc. Philad. t. i. p. 235. Terebra petiti, Kiener, leon. des Coq. Viv. p. 37, pl. 13. f. 32. Hab. Maryland. Le Terebra petiti n’appartient pas au rudis de Gray, ainsi que Paffirme M. Hinds, mais bien au dislocata de Say, ainsi que nous avons pu nous en assurer autrefois dans la collection de M. Petit. La description et la figure de M. Kiener, et la localité quw’il indique ne laissent aucun doute ace sujet. M. Hinds n’a point connu I’espéce. 100. TeREBRA suBNoDosA, Carpenter. Terebra subnodosa, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatl. Moll. p. 386. no. 452. Hab. Mazatlan. 101. TerEBRaA HINDsI, Carpenter. Terebra hindsi, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatl. Moll. p. 385. no. 451. Hab. Mazatlan. 102. TEREBRA RUFOCINEREA, Carpenter. Terebra rufocinerea, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatl. Moll. p. 386. no. 453. Hab, Mazatlan. 103. TeEREBRA ALBOCINCTA, Carpenter. Terebra albocincta, Carpenter, Cat. Mazatl. Moll. p. 384. no. 450. Hab. Mazatlan. 104. TEREBRA CHILENSIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, castanco-fusca, longitudinaliter tenue plicata ; anfractibus numerosis, convexiusculis, sulco lato im- presso inequaliter bipartitis; sutura marginata ; margine an- gusto crenulato ; ultimo anfractu elongato, attenuato, fasciola albidula, transversim bipartito ; apertura ovato-angusta, utrin- que attenuata; columella angusta, cylindracea, apice atte- nuata, canalt angusto-emarginata ; extus contorta. Long. 42 mill., larg. 8. fab. Les mers du Chili. Ma Collection. 105. TeresrRaA BicincTA, Hinds. ) Terebra bicincta, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 175. no. 71, pl. 44. f. 72. _ Hab. ? / 106. TereBra Noputaris, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, acuminata, albida, luteo pallidissime tincta ; anfractibus numerosis, circiter septemdecim, angustis, _involutis, late bimarginatis, crenato-nodosis, plicatis, superne 296 transversim bistriatis ; margine suturalc crassiore, altero an- gustiore, paulo depressiore, equaliter noduloso ; ultimo an- fractu brevissimo, obtuso, transversim basi striato ; apertura minima, subquadrangulari, canal brevi et angusto terminata ; columella cylindracea, DE LIE Long. 35 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Les Tes Sandwich. Collection Cuming et la mienne. Coquille remarquable par le double bourrelet noueux qui accom- pagne la suture; le premier est trés-épais, le second est un peu moins saillant et un peu plus étroit ; ils envahissent la presque totalité de la surface; le peu d’espace qui reste est occupé par deux, quelquefois trois stries transverses. 107. TEREBRA VARIEGATA, Gray. Terebra variegata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. av Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 173. no. 64, pl. 43. f. 53. Terebra africana, Gray dans Griff, An. Kingd. pl. 23. f. 5. Hab. Golfe de Californie. 108. TeEREBRA GEMINATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, subulata, fusco alboque transversim fasciata ; anfractibus planulatis, sulco lato profundo bipar- titis, utroque latere serie granularum geminatis, superne cos- tellatis ; apertura ovato-oblonga, angusta, intus castanea ; columella cylindracea, extus angulo albo lato acuto cir comedy 2. Long. 30 mill., larg. 7. Hab. Cap Natal. Collection Cuming. 109. TEREBRA MARGINATA, Desh. T. testa conica, turrita, acuminata, griseo-plumbea, basi anfrac- tuum albo marginata, fusco irregulariter maculata ; anfractibus latis, sulco divisis, longitudinaliter costellatis, transversim tenue striatis ; margine suturali crasso, convexo, albo, nodulis crassis acutis asperato; ultimo anfractu basi obtuso, transversin sul- cato, zonula alba notato; apertura elongato-angusta, intus- castanea, labro linea alba bipartito; columella contorta, sub- plicata. Long. 34 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Lembouchure de la Gambie. Collection Cuming. 110. TEREBRA BREVICULA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, griseo-fusca, longitudinaliter plicata, plicis lutis, planis, undulatis ; anfractibus planis, latis, albo marginatis, margine convexiusculo, fusco wrregular iter punctato, ultimo an- fractu basi dilatato, Sasciola alba in medio bipartito, flammulis castaneis numerosis sepius ornato ; apertura elongato- -subquadrata, 297 intus castanea ; columella cylindracea, sub-uniplicata, exius angulo acuto marginata. Long. 37 mill., larg. 8. Hab. La Terre de Van Diemen. Collection Cuming. 111. TerEBRA BIFRONS, Hinds. Terebra bifrons, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 174, pl. 43. f. 57. Hab. Japon. 112. TeErReBRA BRUGUIERI, Desh. T. testa elongata, turrita, angusta, apice acuminato, candida, rubro- purpurascente, pallido maculata et strigata ; ultimo anfractu ad basin flavo-rubente; anfractibus angustis numerosis, sulco vir impresso divisis, supra marginem suturalem transversim striatis ; costulis minutis, longitudinalibus, numerosis, regularibus, decus- satis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, retuso ; apertura parva, ovata, utrin- que attenuata, intus rosea; columella brevi, cylindracea, uniplt- cata, angulo minuto extus vix distincta. Long. 42 mill., larg. 9. Terebra hindsi, Desh., non Carpenter, Journ. de Conch. 1857. Hab. La Chine. Collection Cuming. 113. TEREBRA AMG@NA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, apice acuminato, flava, ad suturas albo rubroque alternatim maculata; anfractibus numerosis, an- gustis, planulatis, linea punctato-impressa inequaliter divisis, lon- gitudinaliter tenue regulariterque lirato-costulatis, interstitiis trans- versim tenue siriatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi depressiusculo ; apertura ovato-angusta, intus rufescente ; columella cylindracea, subplicata, basi late profundeque emarginata, angulo acuto extus circumscripta. Long. 24 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming. 114. TEREBRA PULCHELLA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, flavida, basi albo cincta; an- Fractibus planulaiis, longitudinaliter arcuatim tenue plicatis,'sulco impresso divisis, sulco utroque latere crenato, maryine prominulo, convexo, regulariter plicato; apertura intus flava, elongato-an- gusta, canali brevi terminata ; columella cylindracea, parum obli- qua, alba, angulo acuto perobliquo extus circumdata. Long. 40 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming et celle de M. Crosse. 298 115. TEREBRA CRENIFERA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, albo-flavida ; anfractibus nume- rosis, longitudinaliter tenue costellatis, sulco subimpresso divisis, ad suturam regulariter crenulatis, transversim tenue striatis, cre- nulis albis, punctulis rubris interjectis ; ultimo anfractu breva, canali elongato terminato ; apertura elongato-angusta, flavida ; co- lumella cylindracea, apice contorta. Long. 30 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming. 116. TEREBRA BLANDA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, obsolete longitudinaliter plicata, alba, ad suturam fusco punctata, fammulis pallidioribus ornata ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, sulco impresso inequaliter bi- partitis, marginatis, ultimo breviusculo, attenuato ; apertura elon- gato-angusta, utrinque attenuata, alba, basi anguste emarginata ; columella elongata, apice acuminata. Long. 30 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Les mers du Japon. Collection Cuming. 117. TEREBRA NEBULOSA, Sow. Terebra nebulosa, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. p. 25; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 162. no. 33, pl. 43. f. 51. Hab. ——? 118. TEREBRA PERTUSA, Kiener. Buccinum pertusum, Born, Mus. p. 267, pl. 10. f. 13. Buccinum duplicatum, var. 3, Gmel. p. 3501. Terebra pertusa, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 34. no. 20, pl. 11. f. 24, exclus. variat. - Hab. 2 M. Kiener confond sous ce nom plusieurs espéces; il faut en ex- clure toutes les variétés. La premiére (24 a) nous est inconnue; la seconde (24 8) représente le Terebra affinis, Gray ; la troisiéme (24 c) est notre Terebra approximata. 119. TEREBRA ALVEOLATA, Hinds. Terebra alveolata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 162. no. 34. pl. 45. f. 120. Hab. Détroit de Malacca. 120. TEREBRA UNDULATA, Gray. Terebra undulata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60 ; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 172. pl. 43. f. 55. Hab. Nouvelle Guinée; détroit de Malacca. 299 121. TEREBRA COLUMELLARIS, Hinds. Terebra columellaris, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 172. no. 61, pl. 44. ihe Hab. 122. TEREBRA FLAVESCENS, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, apice acuminato, omnino flava ; anfractibus latiusculis, convexiusculis, subinvolutis, sulco impresso marginatis, sutura profunde separatis, longitudinaliter et arcuatim multicostatis, primis transversim striatis, alteris obsolete striatis ; _margine suturali crasso, regulariter crenato; ultimo anfractu basi convexo, canali brevi profunde emarginato terminato ; aper- tura angusta, elongato-quadrata; columella cylindracea, obsolete biplicata. Long. 45 mill., larg. 9. Hab. Les Tes Sandwich. Collection Cuming. 123. TEREBRA AFFINIS, Gray. Terebra affinis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60. Terebra striata, Quoy & Gaim. (non Basterot) Voy. de P Astr. t. ii. . 468, pl. 36. f. 23, 24. Terebra pertusa, var. C, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. pl. 11. f. 24 C. Hab. Madagascar ; Océan Indien, &c. 124. TEREBRA CERITHINA, Lamk. Terebra cerithina, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 33. no. 25, pl. 11. . 25. Buccinum aciculatum, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 145? Hab. Philippines ; Océan Austral. 125. TEREBRA APPROXIMATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-acuminata, turrita, angusta, longitudinaliter costata, costulis apice albis interstitus flavicantibus ; anfractibus nume- rosis planis, linea vix impressa, inequaliter bipartitis ; interstitiis costularum densissime transversim striatis ; ultimo anfractu cylin- draceo, bast depresstusculo, costulis evanescentibus ; apertura elongato-subquadrata, intus albo-flavicante ; columella arcuata, cylindracea, basi canaliculata, late profundeque emarginata. Var. Testa paulo angustiore, flavo-ferruginea. Long. 42 mill., larg. 8. .Terebra pertusa, var. c, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Wir. pl. 11. f. 24 C. 2 Hab. Ma Collection. 126. TeREBRA SWAINSONI, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, solida, angusta, apice acuto, omnino colore mali armeniaci; anfractibus viginti, angustis, longitudinaliter 300 costatis, convexiusculis, primis transversim striatis, alteris levi- gatis, sulco impresso, inequaliter bipartitis ; costis numerosis, acutis, regularibus, rectis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, bast convezxo ; apertura minima, candidula, ovato-angusta, utrinque attenuata, canali brevi, angusto terminata; columella obliqua, uniplicata. Long. 30 mill., larg. 5. | Hab. Les Iles Sandwich. Collection Cuming. 127. TEREBRA SUBANGULATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, flavida, longitudinaliter costata, trans- versim striata; anfractibus convexiusculis, inferne subangulatis, sulco vie impresso bipartitis, costulis latis, obtusis ; ultimo an- fractu elongato, superne attenuato, canali brevi, lato, terminato ; apertura flava, elongato-angusta, subquadrata ; columella angusta, apice acuta, basi cylindracea. Long. 34 mill., larg. 7. Hab. ? Ma Collection. 128. TEREBRA COPULA, Hinds. Terebra copula, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 157. no. 19, pl. 44. f. 76. Hab. Guinée. 129. TeEREBRA UNDATELLA, Desh. Terebra cancellata, Hinds (nec Quoy), Thes. Conch. p. 178. no. 80, pl. 44. f. 80. Fab. Ce Terebra cancellata de Hinds constitue une espéce bien distincte de celle de MM. Quoy et Gaimard. I] suffit pour s’en convaincre de rapprocher les figures publiées par ces deux auteurs. 130. TEREBRA OMe Lorois. Terebra bermonti, Lorois, Journ. de Conch. 1857, p. 389, pl. 12. £5: 23 Hab. Taiti. 131. TereBra RosEeaTA, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra roseata, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du oe p. 30, pl. 10. f. 24. | Hab. Ties Sooloo. 132. TeEREBRA BADIA, Desh. Terebra castanea, Hinds (nec Kiener), Thes. Conch. p- 161. no. 31, pl. 43. f. 59. Hab. Guinée. Nous avons du changer le nom de l’espéce de M. Hinds parce qu elle est trés-distincte de celle de méme nom publiée par M. Kiener ; 301 cette derniére est lisse, ’autre est fortement plissée ; elle a les tours simples, la seconde les a partagés par un sillon transverse, &c. 133. TerREBRA AuLBicosta, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra albicosta, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du Samarang, p. 30, ple bO) 2 21. Tab. Mers de la Chine. 134. TeEREBRA PULCHRA, Hinds. Terebra pulchra, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 178. no. 81, pl. 45. £129; Hab. Iles Marquises. 135. TEREBRA TEXTILIS, Hinds. Terebra textilis, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 177. no. 79, pl. 44. f. 73. Hab. Baie de Manille; détroit de Macassar. 136. TEREBRA FLAVA, Gray. Terebra flava, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 60; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 177. no. 77, pl. 44. f. 75. Hab. ? 137. TEREBRA EXxIGUA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-angusta, castaneo-livida ; costellis longitu- dinalibus sulcisque transversis clathratis; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, sulco impresso transversali inequaliter bipartitis ; mar- gine suturali oblique crenulato, transversim tenue striato ; aper- tura elongato-angusta, intus castaneo-rubescente ; columella cylin- dracea, brevi, extus angulo acutissimo angusto basi circumdata. Long. 19 mill., larg. 33. Hab. La céte orientale d’ Australie. Collection Cuming. 138. TEREBRA POLYGYRATA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-angusta, subulata, pallide rufescente, fascia alba ad suturam- ornata, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim minutissime striata, striis profundis, regularibus ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, convexiusculis, ultimo bast obtuso, canali brevi, contorto terminato ; apertura minima, angusta, subquadran- gulari, superne anguste et profunde emarginata ; columella cylin- dracea, contorta. / Long. 13 mill., larg. 3. Hab. Les Iles Philippines. Collection Cuming. Petite esptéce remarquable par son élégance. Les tours nombreux et étroits sont partagés en deux zones inégales par un sillon légére- ment déprimé: elle se sépare plus facilement encore par la différence de coloration ; car la zone marginale est d’un beau blanc, tandis que le reste est d’un fauve pale. La surface des tours est ornée d’un 302 grand nombre de petites cétes légérement courbées, dans Pintervalle e ° 4 desquelles existent un grand nombre de fines stries, transverses, regu- litres, que l’on voit aussi bien sur le bourrelet marginal que sur le reste de la surface. 139. TEREBRA RADULA, Hinds. — Terebra radulo, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 174. no. 68, pl. 44. f. 95. Hab. Porto Portrero ; cote ouest de ’ Amérique. 140, TEREBRA ASPERA, Hinds. Terebra aspera, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 174. no. 67, pl. 43. f. 44. Hab. Panama; Monte Christi; S‘ Elena. 141. TEREBRA PETIVERIANA, Desh. Terebra petiveriana, Petiver, Gazoph. pl. 75. f. 5. T.. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, fusco-nigrescente, fasciola albi- cante basi notata; anfractibus planiusculis, sulco profundo im- presso divisis, longitudinaliter costellatis, transversim striato- sulcatis, profunde decussatis, subgranulosis ; margine suturalt regulariter crenato-plicato; apertura intus nigrescente, ovato- oblonga, antice angusta, canali brevi terminata ; columella atrata, contorta, extus angulo prominente acutissimo circumdata. Long. 42 mill., larg. 10. Hab. Panama. Collection Cuming. Cette intéressante et belle espéce a été trés bien figurée autrefois dans le remarquable ouvrage de Petiver. 142. TereBRA GLAUCA, Hinds. Terebra glauca, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 175. no. 70, pl. 44. f. 85. Hab. ? 143. TEREBRA RUDIS, Gray. Terebra rudis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 165. no. 43, pl. 43. f. 60 (exclusa T. petiti, Kiener). Hab. q 144. TeREBRA PEASII, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, crassa, solida, apice acuta, albo flavidoque pallido alternatim picta; anfractibus circiter sexdecim, lutis, lon- gitudinaliter tenue plicatis, striis transversis puncticulatis, decus- satis, sulco impresso, profundo, inequaliter divisis ; margine su- turali regulariter plicato, plicis albis ; apertura alba, elongato- angusta, subquadrata, canali brevi, angusto, profundo terminata ; columella conica, uniplicata, angulo acuto extus bast marginata. — Long. 45 mill., larg. 9. Hab. Les Les Sandwich. Coilection Cuming. Les stries transverses se voient sur toute la surface, méme entre les plis du bourrelet marginal. | 303 145. TeEREBRA TUBEROSA, Hinds. Terebra tuberosa, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 183. no. 97, pl. 45. f. 99. Hab. ? A la juger par la figure, cette coquille semblerait un Cérite dont Pouverture aurait été mutilée ou serait restée imparfaite. 146. Teresra varicosa, Hinds. Terebra varicosa, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 163. no. 37, figuré dans Te texte. Hab. Golfe de Papagayo, cote ouest de ’ Amérique. 147. TEREBRA TUBERCULOSA, Hinds. Terebra tuberculosa, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 175. ne. 73, pl. 43. f. 48. Hab. Panama ; Golfe de Papagayo; San Blas. 148. TEREBRA INTERTINCTA, Hinds. Terebra intertincta, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 173. no. 65, pl. 44. f. 81. ab. Gambie. 149. TEREBRA PLICATA, Gray. Terebra plicata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p.61 ; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 165. no. 44, pl. 43. f. 61. Hab. Guayaquil. 150. TeEREBRA SPECILLATA, Hinds. Terebra specillata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 163. no. 35, pl. 44. f. 96, et pl. 45. f. 116. Hab. San Blas, Mexico. Lorsque l’on rapproche les deux figures qui, dans l’ouvrage de M. Hinds, doivent représenter la méme espéce, on est étonné des diffé- rences que l’on y remarque; elles se montrent non-seulement dans la forme générale et la coloration, mais encore dans les caractéres ° 5) plus essentiels de l’ouverture et delacolumelle. I] est probable que deux espéces sont ici confondues. 151. TEREBRA LARVIFORMIS, Hinds. Terebra larveformis, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 176. no. 73, pl. 43. f. 46, 47. Hab. Santa Elena, Monte Christi, cote ouest de l’ Amérique. ’ Nous avons 4 présenter sur cette espéce la méme observation que sur la préccdente. Les deux figures citées par l’auteur semblent re- présenter deux espéces distinctes ; une ayant l’ouverture plus courte, le bord droit, plus long que la columelle, &c. 152. TEREBRA SOULEYETI, Desh. T. testa elongato-acuminata, longitudinaliter dense plicata, trans- 304 versim tenuiter striata, griseo-rufescente ; anfractibus nume- rosis, angustis, vix convexiusculis, sulco impresso, profundeque punctato inequaliter bipartitis ; margine suturali angusto, cre- nato, plicato; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi obtuso; apertura minima, brevi, angusta ; columella cylindracea, contorta, canali brevi terminata. Long. 49 mill., larg. 8. Hab. Golfe de Mexigue. Ma Collection. Le Terebra larviformis est Yesptce qui se rapproche le plus de celle-ci; elle en est différente par plusieurs caractéres qui nous semblent suffisamment exprimée aussi bien dans la phrase caracté- ristique de M. Hinds que dans landtre. Les tours sont nombreux, étroits, a peine convexes ; nous en comptons 24; ils sont chargés de petites cétes un peu obliques, rapprochées, un peu onduleuses sur le dernier tour, vers la base duquel elles disparaissent pour étre rem- placées par de fines stries transverses : ces stries se continuent sur le reste de la surface dans les interstices des cétes seulement. Le bourrelet marginal est étroit; mais il est nettement s¢éparé par un sillon assez profond dans lequel s’enfonce une ponctuation plus pro- fonde encore. Dans lintervalle de chaque céte, des plis formant crenelure sur la suture terminent les cétes longitudinales. 153. TEREBRA DIFFICILIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, albo-flavicante, longitudinaliter densis- sime costellata ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, sulco impresso inequaliter bipartitis, transversim superne substriatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi obtuso; apertura minima, elongato-angusta; columella cylindracea, contorta, subplicata, basi profunde emar- ginata. Long. 33 mill., larg. 8. Hab. ——? Ma Collection. 154. TEREBRA C&LATA, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra calata, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du Samarang, p. 30. no.. 3, pl. 10.7; 22. Hab. Philippines. 155. TerREBRA TORQUATA, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra torquata, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du Samar. p. 30. no. 6, pl. 10. #13: Hab. Mers de la Chine. 156. TEREBRA ELATA, Hinds. Terebra elata, Winds,Thes. Conch. p.177. no. 78, pl. 44. f. 68, 69. Hab. Baie de Montijo. 305 157. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Quoy et Gaimard. Terebra cancellata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de l’Astr. t. it. p. 47), pl. 36. f. 27, 28. Cette espéce est celle 4 laquelle le nom de cancellata doit rester. La coquille nommée cancellata par M. Hinds est trés-distincte ; nous lui avons donné le nom de 7. undatella. 158. TEREBRA CINCTELLA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, longitudinaliter costellata, griseo-fusca, livida, nitida; anfractibus convexiusculis, sulco lato inequaliter bipartitis, transversim striatis, strits quatuor | vel quinque impressis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, fasciola pallida cincto ; apertura minima, ovato-angusta, extremitatibus at- tenuata, intus fusca ; columella brevi, cylindracea, bast canali brevi terminata. Long. 29 mill., larg. 6. Hab. L’embouchure de I’Indus. Collection Cuming. 159. TEREBRA AREOLATA, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra areolata, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du Samarang, p. 30. no, 4, pl. 10. f. 23. —, Hab. Mers de la Chine. 160. TEREBRA PLUMBEA, Quoy et Gaim. Terebra plumbea, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de 1’Astrol. t. i. p. 470,. pl. 36. f. 29, 30. Hab. Iles Moluques. A juger d’aprés les figures il y aurait trois espéces réunies sous ce nom—celle de M. Quoy, qui reste le type spécifique, celle de M. Kiener, et celle de M. Hinds. De deux choses, l’une ou les espéces sont fidélement représentées, et alors elles different entre elles, ou les figures sont mauvaises et les coquilles reproduites ont besoin d’une nouvelle étude comparative. 161. TEREBRA VIOLASCENS, Hinds. Terebra violascens, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 177. no. 76, pl. 44. f..98. Hab. Nouvelle Guinée ; Philippines. 162. TEREBRA PIcTA, Hinds. Terebra picta, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 176. no. 75, pl. 45. f. 105, Hab. Philippines. 163. TEREBRA DECUSSATA, Phil. Terebra decussata, Philippi, Zeits. fiir Malak.1851, p.124. no. 48. Hab. ? No. 403.—ProcreEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 306 164. TEREBRA BELCHER], Phil. Terebra belcheri, Philippi, Zeits. fir Malak. 1851, p. 123. no. 47. Hab. ? (Du Voyage du Belcher.) 165. TeEREBRA FRIGATA, Hinds. Terebra gracilis, Gray, 1834 (nec Lea, 1833), Proc. Zool. Soe. p. 61 ; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 163. no. 38, pl. 44. f. 71. Hab. Afrique (Gray) ; les Galapagos (Cuming). 166. TeREBRA CONSPERSA, Hinds. Terebra conspersa, Hinds,Thes. Conch. p.163. no. 36, pl. 44. £.74. Hab. Tle Samao, Philippines. 167. TeREBRA RUSTICA, Hinds. Terebra rustica, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p.183. no. 98, pl. 45. f. 113. Hab. 2 168. TeREBRA SUBDIvISA, Phil. Terebra subdivisa, Phil. Zeits. fir Malak. 1851, p. 96. no. 46. Hab. 2 169. TEREBRA NASSOIDES, Hinds. Terebra nassoides, Hinds, Thes. Conch. *p. 182. no. 95, pl. 45. fo Walios Hab: ———. 170. TeresBra Fictivis, Hinds. Terebra fictilis, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 183. no. 96, pl. 45. f. 109, 110. Hab. Australie. 171. TeREBRA TRISTIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, conoidea, albo-grisea, longitudinalter fusco fammulata ; costulis crassts, regularibus, in ultimo an- fractu evanescentibus ornata ; anfractibus convexiusculis, ultimo basi obtuso, canali lato, brevi, contorto, terminato; apertura ovato-angusta, utrinque attenuata; columella brevi, cylindracea, —contorta. Long. 19 mill., larg. 9. Hab. Les mers du Japon. Collection Cuming. Petite coquille assez singuli¢re qui devra se placer sur la limite du genre, comme un intermédiaire avec les Buccins: elle est turriculée, mais assez large 4 la base ; ses tours assez larges sont convexes; ils portent de grosses cétes longitudinales un peu obliques, larges, ob- tuses et peu saillantes : il n’existe aucune trace de bourrelet marginal, et l’on n’y trouve aucune strie transverse. Sur un fond d'un blanc grisatre se dessinent des flammules inégales, d’un brun fausse, inter- rompues 4 la circonférence du dernier tour par une large zone blanch- 307 atre, au dessus de laquelle est nettement circonscrite une autre zone également large, d’un brun livide, qui occupe toute la base de ce dernier tour. DrevuxiEME Division (Teredra, A. Adams). 172. TEREBRA ROUBUSTA, Hinds. Terebra robusta, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 155. no. 5, pl. 42. f. 35. Hab. Panama; Golfe de Nicoya; Golfe de Papayo; San Blas. 173. TEREBRA OCULATA, Lamk. Terebra oculata, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 11. no. 7, pl. 4. f. 7. fab. Moluques ; Iles de la Société, Océan Pacifique. 174. TEREBRA ORNATA. Terebra ornata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.1834, p. 62; Reeve, Conch. Syst. t. 1. p. 245, pl. 274. f. 1. _ Hab. Galapagos. V 175. Teresra rormosa, Desh. T. testa turrita, conico-subulata, solida, alba, maculis rufis qua- dratis inequaliter biseriatim ornata ; anfractibus planulatis, indivisis, in margine crenulatis, biseriatim granulosis, crenulis granulisque in ultimis anfractibus evanidis, uliimo brevi tri- seriatim maculato ; apertura brevi, angusta, superne canal lato, elongato, contorto terminata; columella brevi, crassa, cylindracea. Long. 72 mill., larg. 13. Hab. Panama. Collection Cuming. 176. TEREBRA SUBULATA, Lamk. Buccinum subulatum, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1205; Kaiener, icon. des Cog. Viv. p. 10. no. 6, pl. 4. f. 6. Hab. Madagascar ; Océan Indien ; Hes de la Société. 177. TEREBRA INCOMPARABILIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, pallide albo-lutescente ma- culis magnis castaneis, quadratis, approximatis, biseriatiun picta ; ultimo anfractu seriebus tribus ornato ; anfractibus an- gustis, convexiusculis, subinvolutis, late bimarginatis, trans- versim striato-punctatis ; margine suturali latiore, in anfrac- tibus primis crenulato, in alteris plicato ; ultimo anfractu basi eonvexo, levigato, canali brevi terminato ; apertura alba, elon- gato-angusta, subquadrata; columella alba, cylindracea, uni- plicata. Long. 85 mill., larg. 13. Hab. Panama. Collection Cuming. 308 Cette belle espéce a beaucoup de rapports avec le Terebva maculata de Lamarck: la coloration est la méme, seulement les taches sont plus nombreuses et plus serrées; les tours de spire sont en proportion plus étroits, plus enveloppants, et leur surface présente une struc- ture particuliére. 178. TEREBRA LIGATA, Hinds. Terebra ligata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 166. no. 48, pl. 45. f. 117, 118. ffab. Iles Marquises. 179. TEREBRA CONSOBRINA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, turrita, alba; anfractibus planulatis, sulco vix perspicuo transversim divisis, maculis quadratis fuscis, biseriatim cinctis ; ultimo tricincto ; primis in margine suturale nodoso-crenatis, transversim striatis, alteris levigatis ; aper- tura vie obliqua, elongato-angusta, subquadrata, intus alba, canali brevissimo, lato, terminata ; columella brevi, alba, su- perne untplicata, extus angulo minimo circumdata. Long. 93 mill., larg. 12. fTab. La Mer Rouge. Collection Cuming et la mienne. 180. 'TEREBRA INSIGNIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-conica, acuminata, solida, alba, in medio an- fractuum maculis magnis castaneis quadrato-oblongis irregula- ribus ornata; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, convexiusculis, sulco impresso divisis, primis regularibus, plicato-arcuatis, alteris plicis distantioribus, crassis, ultamis levigatis, ultimo brevi, biseriatim picto, basi coarctato ; apertura angusta, brevi, recta, canal brevi, lato profundoque terminata; columella brevi, cylindracea, superne uniplicata, extus angulo prominent, acuto, corcumdata. Long. 78 mill., larg. 15. Hab. Panama. Collection Cuming. 181. TEREBRA LINGUALIS, Hinds. Terebra lingualis, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p.167. no. 49. pl. 43. f. 50. Hab. Golfe de Papagayo; Baie de Montijo. 182. TEREBRA HIsTRIO, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, crassiuscula, pallide albo-lutescente, maculis longitudinalibus fusco-castaneis subundatis picta, ad suturas lineis rufo-rubescentibus fimbriata, maculis in ultimo anfractu ad peripheriam interruptis ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, planis, sulco divisis ; margine suturali plano, in primis anfractibus granuloso, in alteris plicato ; ultimo anfractu base depressiusculo ; apertura angusta, parum obliqua, subquadrata, 309 canali brevi, contorto terminata ; columella alba, brevi, valde contorta. Long. 48 mill., larg. 11. Hab. ? Ma Collection. 183. TEREBRA HOPEI, Lorois. Terebra pee Lorois, Journ. de Conch. 1857, p. 388, pl. 12. f.1. Hab. 184. TEREBRA FLAMMEA, Lamk. Terebra flammea, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 12. no, 8, pl. 2. f. 10. Hab. Madagascar ; Océan de 1’ Inde. 185. TeErREBRA MyurRos, Lamk. Buccinum strigilatum (pro parte), Gmel. p. 3501. Buecinum commaculatum, Gmel. p. 3502. no. 143. Terebra commaculata (ex parte), Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 170. no. 58 (exclusa Lamarckil). Terebra scabrella (vide Lamk. An. s. Vert. 2 ed. t. x.p. 248. note). Hab. Océan de l'Inde ; les Moluques. 186. TEREBRA SCABRELLA, Lamk. Terebra scabrella, Lamk. An. s. Vert. 2 ed. t. x. p. 247. no. 19. Terebra myuros, var., Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. pl. 14. f. 34 a. Terebra commaculata (ex parte), Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 170. no. 58, pl. 42. f. 37. Hab. Nouvelle Guinée. 187. TEREBRA CoNsoRS, Hinds. Terebra consors, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 154. no. 9, pl. 42. f. 26. Hab. Illes de la Société. 188. TeEREBRA ARGUS, Hinds. Terebra argus, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 154. no. 10, ati 43. f. 64. Hab. Iles de la Societe. 189. TEREBRA CHINENSIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, subulata, albo-flavidula ; anfracti- bus numerosis, angustis, tenuiter transversim striatis, sulco im- presso inequaliter bipartitis, ultimo anfractu cylindraceo, basi at- tenuato ; apertura elongato-angusta, subquadraia, margine acuto concavo ; columella cylindracea, lata, contorta. Long. 49 mill., larg. 7. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Ma Collection. 310 190. TEREBRA TRICOLOR, Sow. Terebra tricolor, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. p. 24. Terebra teniolata, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de 1’Astr. p. 446, pl. 36. i. 250, 2.0. Hab. Tongatabou ; He St. Thomas. i91. TEREBRA L&VIGATA, Gray. Terebra levigata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 171. no. 60, pl. 44. f. 93. Hab. Ceylon. 192. TEREBRA VIRGINEA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, levigata, nitida, omnino candt- dissima ; anfractibus latis, -planis, sulco divisis, sutura subcrenu- lata separatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, bast obtuso ; apertura brevi, obliqua, ad basin dilatata, profunde emarginata ; columella conica, simplics, basi extus angulo circumdata. Long.-52 mill., larg. 11. Hab. Zanzibar. Collection Cuming. 193. TEREBRA OBSOLETA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, acuminata, angusta, pallide flavida; an- fractibus numerosis, angustis, stria impressa subequaliter bipar- titis ; margine suturali lato, obsolete plicato, levigato, candido ; altera parte anfractuum transversim tenuiter striata, striis sub- equulibus, minutis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi obtuso; apertura minima, alba, subquadrata, basi anguste profundeque emarginata ; columella brevi, contorta, cylindracea. Long. 40 mill., larg. 7 mill. Hab. 2 Ma Collection. 194. TeEREBRA BABYLONIA, Lamk. Terebra striata, Gray (fide Hinds), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60; Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 38, pl. 14. f. 35. Hab. Mers de la Chine ; Iles de la Société, &e. 1] faut exclure de l’espéce la Var. 35 a. de M. Kiener ; elle constitue une espéce distincte nommée Terebra straminea par M. Gray. 195. TEREBRA COLUMNARIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, alba; anfractibus numerosis, primis convexiusculis, marginatis, uliimis convexiusculis, simpli- cibus, transversim minutissime striatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi obtuso, canali brevi latoque terminato ; apertura minima, ovato- subquadrata ; columella contorta, cylindracea, angulo acuto extus marginata. ies Long. 47 mill., larg. 8. Hab. ‘4 : Ma Collection. 311 196. TEREBRA STRAMINEA, Gray. Terebra straminea, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 62. Terebra babylonia, var., Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. pl. 14. f. 35a. Hab. Tranquebar ; mer de la Chine. 197. TEREBRA PALLIDA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, acuminata, subulata, omnino flavo-au- rantia ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, primis -planis, ultimis convexiusculis, sulco divisis, transversim tenue striatis, striis in- cisis, inequaliter distantibus ; margine suturali simplici, vix di- stincto ; ultimo anfractu elongato, basi attenuato, tenuiter et obso- lete striato ; apertura elongata, angusta, canali longo, recto ter- minata, late profundeque emarginata ; columella cylindraceo- conica. Long. 72 mill., larg. 11. Hab. Les Iles Marquises. Collection Cuming. 198. TEREBRA CUMINGII, Desh. T. testa pulcherrima, elongato-angusta, turrita, alba pallide lutes- cente; anfractibus triginta, angustis, sulco impresso divisis ; mar- _ gine suturali duplicato ; altero convexiusculo, eleganter crenulato- plicato, transversim tenuiter striato ; altero unica serie granulo- rum formato ; anfractibus in medio parum eacavatis, elegantis- sime costulis longitudinalibus striisque transversalibus clathratis, striis mediis superisque majoribus ; ultimo anfractu brevi, superne obtuso, striato; apertura minima, quadrata, canali brevi angusto terminata ; columella cylindracea, contorta, simplict. Long. 95 mill., larg. 12. Hab. Chine. Collection Cuming. La plus belle et la plus remarquable espéce du genre. 199. TEREBRA PRETIOSA, Reeve. Terebra pretiosa, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 200; Conch. Syst. t. ii. p. 245, pl. 274. f. 2. Hab. Chine. 200. TEREBRA FENESTRATA, Hinds. Terebra fenestrata, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p.176. no. 74, pl. 44. f. 86. Hab. i / \ 201. TEREBRA REGINA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, multispirata, alba, triseriatim maculis fuscis vel castaneis parvulis picta; anfractibus angustis, sulco impresso transversaliter divisis, levigatis ; margine tenuiter et eleganter crenulato, crenulis albis, interstitiis macula pallide fusca notatis ; ultimo anfractu quadrifariam maculato, superne 312 coarctato, canali longo terminato ; apertura elongato-angusta, subquadrata; columella brevi, uniplicata, valde contorta, extus angulo acuto proeminente oblique circumdata. Long. 89 mill., larg. 13. Hab. Le Sénégal. Collection Cuming. 202. TEREBRA LIMA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, turrita, pallide flavicante, flam- mulis flavo-rufescentibus pallidis picta ; ultimo anfractu basi fulvo tincto ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, sulco utrogue latere mar- ginato bipartitis, transversim striatis ; longitudinaliter plicis un- dulatis, decussatis, in intersectionibus subgranulatis, asperatis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi plano; apertura brevi, angusta, sub- quadrangulari, canali longo, angusto, contorto terminata ; colu- mella alba, contorta, in medio extus angulata. Long. 78 mill., larg. 11. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming. 203. TEREBRA SUCCINEA, Hinds. Terebra succinea, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 151. no. 4. pl. 42. f. 40. Hab. 2 204. TEREBRA FORTUNII, Desh. T. testa elongato-angustissima, subulata, subscalaroides, omnino can- dida ; anfractibus numerosis, latis, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter costatis, transversim tenue sulcatis, decussatis ; ultimo elongato, basi attenuato ; apertura elongato-angusia, subquadrangulari, antice canali prelongo, angusto terminata. Long. 69 mill., larg. 9. Hab. Les mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming. 205. TEREBRA MONILIS, Quoy et Gaim. Terebra monilis, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de l’Astr. t. ii. p. 467, pl. 36. fo 22. Hab. Mes Marquises; Iles de la Société, Tahiti, 206. TEREBRA SEROTINA, A. Adams et Reeve. Terebra serotina, A. Adams et Reeve, Voy. du Samarang, p. 30. no. 1, pl-10. £. 20. Hab. Japon. 207. TEREBRA FUNICULATA, Hinds. Terebra funiculatu, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 168. no. 51, pl. 43. f. 63. Hab. ? 313 208. TEREBRA CORRUGATA, Lamk. Terebra punctata, Gray (teste Hinds), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Terebra corrugata, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 35. no. 20, pl. 13. f. 31 (exclusa varietate). Hab. ? M. Kiener confond évidemment deux espéces sous ce nom. Sa varieté junior constitue pour nous l’espéce suivante. Nous sommes redevable 4 M. Crosse de connaitre en nature cette belle et rare espéce. 209. TEREBRA BITORQUATA, Desh. Terebra corrugata, var. junior, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 25. note, pl. 13. f. 31 a. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, acuminata, multispirata, pallide flava, flammulis longitudinalibus castaneis picta, punctulis conco- loribus, interstitialibus in margine suturali regulariter dispositis ; anfractibus angustis, superne ad suturam inflato-bimarginatis, marginibus inequalibus, regulariter granulosis ; margine inferiore majore ; ultimo anfractu brevi, flammulis ad peripheriam inter- ruptis ; apertura brevi, subquadrata, margine dextro paulo exca- vato ; columella brevi, cylindracea, contorta, basi anguste et pro- funde emarginata. Long. 75 mill., largeur a la base 15. Hab. ? Collection de M. Crosse. Nous soupconnions depuis longtems que la variété junior du Te- rebra corrugata de M. Kiener devait constituer une espéce distincte, mais n’ayant sous les yeux ni le type de Lamarck ni la varicté de M. Kiener, nous avons hésité de les séparer jusqu’au moment ot M. Crosse voulut bien nous communiquer un bel individu adulte de la variété de M. Kiener. Dés lors les doutes disparurent, car cette co- quille est en effet parfaitement distincte du corrugata. Flle est par- ticulitrement remarquable par la double collier de perles qui accom- pagne la suture, la rangée supérieure est la plus grosse et la plus épaisse, et interval des granulations est occupée par une linéole d’un beau brun. 210. TEREBRA CINGULIFERA, Lamk. Terebra cingulifera, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. p. 39. no. 34, pl. 13. f. 30. Hab. Nouvelle Hollande. En comparant a celle de M. Kiener la figure du cingulifera de M. Hinds, on y remarque des différences telles que Pon pourrait séparer cette derniére sous un nom spécifique particulier. 211. TeREBRA LOROISI, Desh. Terebra ncbulosa, Lorois (nec Sow. nee Kiener), Journ. de Conch. 1858, p. 90, pl. 1. f. 4. Hab. ? 314 Nous avons substitué au nom de nebulosa, qui ne pouvait lui rester, celui de Pamateur plein de zéle auquel est di la connaissance de cette espéce. 212. TEREBRA ALBOMARGINATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-turrita, angusta, acuminata, aurantiaca, albo- marginata ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, planis, sulco im- presso inequaliter divisis, transversim striaio-punctatis, striis guatuor ; ultimo anfractu brevi, obtuso, canali brevi, contorto, angusto terminato ; apertura minima, pallide lutea, ovato-subqua- drata, angusta, extremitatibus DESO columella cylindracea, contorta, uniplicata. Long. 44 mill., larg. 8. Hab. L? Australie. Collection Cuming. Trés-belle espéce rapprochée du cingulifera de Lamk., mais par- faitement distincte de ses congéncres par sa coloration remarquable et les autres accidents de sa surface ; le bourrelet blane qui suit la suture est plissé et finement crénelé. 213. TEREBRA EXIMIA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angusta, subulata, candida, ad suturam rufo regu- lariter punctata; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, subaqualiter sulco impresso divisis ; margine suturali convexiusculo, crenulato ; in altera parte anfractuum stris tribus granulosis, profunde punctatis ; columella brevi, cylindracea, biplicata. Long. 92 aul larg. 8. Hab. Ma pdieaeal 214. TEREBRA DECORATA, Desh. T. testa minima, elongato-angusta, acuminata, alba, fusco-castanea, biseriatim punctata, ultimo anfractu punctulis triseriahbus ; an- fractibus numerosis, angustis, levigatis, sulco impresso divisis ; margine suturali candido, convexo, noduloso ; apertura brevissima, subquadrangulart ; columella brevi, cylindracea, subuniplicata, extus angulo vix prominente circumdata. Long. 28 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Pidang (Ile Sumatra). Collection Cuming. 215. TEREBRA TESSELLATA, Gray. Terebra tessellata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 166. no. 47, pl. 45. f. 124. Hab. ——? 216. TEREBRA ARCHIMEDIS, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, turrita, albo-eburnea ; anfractibus nume- rosis, angustis, transversim inequaliter tricostatis, costula suturah 315 proeminentiore interstitus profundis, minutissime punctulatis ; ulti- mo anfractu brevissimo, basi depresso, transversim tenuiter sul- cato ; apertura minima, brevi, ovato-subquadrata, alba; columella cylindracea, brevi, ad apicem contorta, canali brevi, latoque ter- minata. Long. 31 oles larg. 6. Hab. Ma alleen: 217. TEREBRA AMANDA, Hinds. Terebra amanda, Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 166. no. 46, pl. 45. f. 100. Hab. Détroit de Macassar. 218. TEREBRA CIRCINATA, Desh. T. testa elongato-subulata, angusta, fusca; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, in medio excavatis, ad suturam biseriatim plicato-cre- natis, bimarginatis, in medio transversim quadristriatis ; ultimis anfractibus plicis longitudinalibus decussatis, ultimo ad periphe- riam sulco majore crenulato circumdatio ; apertura minima, elon- gato-angusta, canali coniorto, brevi latoque terminata; Jlabro sinistro proeminente. Var. 3. Testa minore margine, suturali latiore. Long. 42 mill., larg. 6. Hab. Mers de la Chine. Collection Cuming et la mienne. “4 219. Terepra acuta, Desh. T. testa turrito-subulata, angusta, polygyrata, omnino fusco-fuli- ginea ; anfractibus numerosis, angustis, plano-concaviusculis, sulco inequaliter divisis, transversim tenue striatis ; margine suturali convexo, in anfraciibus primis granulose, in sequentibus plicato, erenato ; ultimo anfractu brevi, basi striato; apertura minima, intus fusca, canali brevi lato terminata ; columella brevi, cylin- dracea, marginata. \y- Long. 97 mill., larg. 7. ' Hab. Mers de la Chine. Collection de M. Cuming. 220. TEREBRA TRISERIATA, Gray. Terebra triseriata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61; Hinds, Thes. Conch. p. 171. no. 59, 2 45. f. 119. Hab. Philippines. 221. TEREBRA PRELONGA, Desh. T. testa elongato-angustissima, acuta, prelonga, polygyrata, omnino fulva; anfractibus triginta, angustis, planis, transversim quinque- striatis, ad suturam inequaliter bimarginatis, marginibus in an- Sractibus primis simplicibus, in ultimis granulosis ; ultimo anfractu brevi, ad peripheriam angulo granuloso circumdato, basi depresso, striato, canalt contorto, brevi, ambitu dilatato, terminato ; aper- 316 tura brevi, minima, quadrangulari; margine sinistro paulo expanso ; columella cylindracea, brevi, contorta, paulo excavata. Long. 93 mill., larg. 9. Hab. Port Curtis. Collection Cuming. ‘La pointe de la coquille est cassée ; entiére elle devait avoir au moins dix centimétres de longueur. I! existe peu d’espéces dans le genre Terebra qui soient aussi longues et aussi ¢ctroites en proportion que celle-ci; aussi c’est avec le Terebra triseriata qu elle a le plus de rap- ports. Notre travail sur le genre Terebra resterait incomplet et défec- tueux, si, 4 la suite du catalogue général des espéces qui peuvent rester, nous ne donnions la liste de celles qui sont douteuses, ou qui forment de facheux doubles emplois dans la nomenclature. Dans cette liste se trouvent comprises celles des espéces de Gmelin réunies dans le groupe du genre Buccinum, qui a l’instar de celui de Linné représente le genre Terebra d’Adanson et des conchyliologues mo- dernes. Buccinum Acicuta, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 152. Pour une figure de Lister, pl. 1055. f. 7, représentant le Pyrena terebralis, Lamk., Strombus ater, Linn. TEREBRA ACICULINA, Lamk. Espéce douteuse dont i] faut retrancher le Buccinum cinereum de Born. M. Kiener la rend plus difficile encore 4 déterminer parce qu'il range sous ce nom trois espéces bien distinctes. Laquelle représente le type de Lamarck ? nous l’ignorons. Buccinum acus, Gmel. p. 3502. no. 141. Acus sartoria, Martini, t. 4. f. 1451. Espéce indéterminable par la défectuosité de la figure ; il n’est pas bien certain pour nous quelle appartienne au genre Terebra. TEREBRA AFRICANA, Gray, Griff. Anim. Kingd. pl. 23. f. 5. Double emploi du Terebra variegata, Gray. TEREBRA ALBA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 60. Espéce douteuse incomplétement décrite et non figurée. BuccinuM ASPERUM, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 148. Deux espéces figurées trés-incorrectement dans Lister, des Fusi ou des Pleurotome indéterminables. TEREBRA BUCCINOIDEA, Blainv. Nom donné par Blainville au Miran d’ Adanson, Buccinum politum. BuccINuM CANALICULATUM, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 164. Espéce faite sur une mauvaise figure de d’Argenville répresentant probablement un trongon de Turrite/la indéterminable. — 317 TEREBRA CARNEA, Perry. Double emploi du T. dimidiata. TEREBRA CANCELLATA, Gray (nec Quoy et Gaimard), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Espéce douteuse non figurée et trés-incomplétement décrite. BuccinuM CHALYBEUM, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 158. Pour une figure indéterminable de Rumphius appartenant cepen- dant au genre Terebra. Buccinum COMMACULATUM, Gmel. Nous renvoyons aux observations que nous avons faite & son sujet a Varticle du Terebra myuros. TEREBRA COSTATA, Menke, Synops. Moll. p. 84. Double emploi du Buccinum hastatum, Terebra hastata, Kien. TEREBRA COSTATA, Kiister. Ce nom avait déja été employé trois fois avant M. Kiister; par Borson en 1823 pour une espéce fossile, par Menke en 1831 comme nous venons de le dire, enfin par Lea en 1833 pour une espéce fossile d’Amérique. Ce costata de M. Kister n’est point figuré ; il reste pour nous parmi les espéces douteuses. BuccinuMm cCusPipatuM, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 166. Pour une figure de Seba représentant une Melania. BuccinuM DIGITELLUS, Gmel. p.3504. no. 156. Un Triton, trés-jeune, indéterminable, figuré par Rumphius. BuccINUM EDENTULUM, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 162. C’est avec doute le Terebra cerulescens, d’aprés une trés-mauvaise figure de d’Argenville. TEREBRA ELEGANS, Kiister, Chemn. 2° ed. p. 31. Espéce douteuse non figurée, quoique auteur renvoie 4 une planche 6 qui n’a point encore paru. TEREBRA ELONGATA, Gray, dans Wood, Ind. Test. Supp. pl. 4. f, 25. Double emploi du T. strigata de Sowerby. / Buccinum FAscroLatum, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 153. Absolument indéterminable, méme le genre. La figure de Bo- nanni, 4 la quelle Gmelin renvoie, représente une coquille travaillée et méconnaissable. TEREBRA FELINA, Sow. Tank. Cat. p. 76. Double emploi du Terebra tigrina. 318 TEREBRA FLAMMEA, Lesson, Illustr. Zool. pl. 48. Double emploi de la Terebra strigata, Sow. BUCCINUM FLUMINEUM, Gmel. p. 3503. La fig. 13 de la pl. 118 de Lister, 4 laquelle Gmelin renvoie, re- présente une Melania. BUCCINUM FLUVIATILE, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 159. Pour une Medania mal figurée dans Rumphius, Mus. pl. 30. f. P. Terepra Fusca, Perry. Double emploi de la Terebra subulata. TEREBRA FUSCOMACULATA, Sow. Tank. Cat. p. 23. D’apres M. Hinds ce serait un double emploi de la T. senegalensis. BucciInuM GEMINvUM, Linn. Mant. p. 550. Description malheureusement trop courte; elle ne permet pas la détermination de l’espéce. TEREBRA GRACILIS, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, nec Lea, 1833. M. Hinds a donné a l’espéce le nom de frigata. TEREBRA GRANULOSA, Lamk. C’est un Buccinum du groupe des Bulla. BuccinuM HECTICUM, Linn. Espéce incertaine, diversement interprétée par les auteurs. Sous ce nom Chemnitz représente une variété du dimidiata, mais en réalité cette opinion n’a rien qui la justifie dans la description et la syn- onymie de Linné. Voyez nos observations sur cette espéce dans le seconde édition de Lamarck et celles de M. Hanley dans son savant ouvrage, ‘Ipsa Linnzei Conchylia,’ p. 260. TEREBRA KNORII, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. Double emploi du Terebra chlorata, Lamk. TEREBRA LEVIS, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. M. Hinds affirme qu’aprés l’avoir examinée il a trouvé cette espéce faite avec un misérable specimen de la T. muscaria ou de Voculata. TEREBRA LINEOLATA, Sow. Tank. Cat. p. 76. Buceinum voisin du B. vittatum. BUCCINUM LIVIDULUM, Gmel. p. 3505. Espéce faite sur une mauvaise figure de Gualtieri (pl. 56. f. F) re- présentant un Cerithium. TEREBRA MACULATA, Perry. Double emploi de la 7. crenulata, Lamk. 319 BucciINuM MONILE, Linn. Mant. p. 550. Malheureusement la description trop courte de cette espéce la laisse parmi les indéterminables. Buccinum mucronatvuom, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 155. La figure de Bonanni a laquelle renvoie Gmelin représente l’ Acha- tina columna, Miller. BuccinuM MURICINUM, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 149. La figure de Lister citée représente un Triton alongé. BuccinuM MURINUM, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1206. Espéce Linnéenne douteuse fondée sur une figure trés-incorrecte de Gualtieri (pl. 57.f. P.). La description est tellement bréve qu'elle ne peut suppléer a l’insuffisance de la figure. M. Hanley n’ayant pas trouvé l’espéce dans la propre collection de Linné n’a pu faire cesser le doute 4 son égard. TEREBRA NEBULOSA, Kiener. Ce nom de nebulosa avait été appliqué dés 1825 (Tank. Cat. par Sowerby) 4 une espéce que M. Kiener ne connut pas sans doute, car il Pattribua plus tard a une espéce trés-différente 4 laquelle M. Hinds donna le nom de Terebra argus. BuccinuM NiveuM, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 154. Probablement une varicté de la Terebra caerulescens. TEREBRA NUBECULATA, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. p. 25. Espéce restée incertaine depuis la publication, et que M. Hinds n’a pu retrouver. BuccinuM OBLIQuUM, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 157. La figure de Rumphius citée par Gmelin représente 4 la vérité une Terebra rapproché de notre T. chinensis, mais néanmoins indétermi- nable. TEREBRA PETITII, Kiener. Rapportée a tort par M. Hinds 4 la 7. rudis de Gray, cette espéce est simplement un double emploi de la 7. dislocata, Say. BuccinuM PHALLUS, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 146. M. Pfeiffer dans son Index de Martini et Chemnitz rapporte au Pleurotoma buccinoides de Lamarck la figure de Martini dont Gmelin s’est servi pour le B. phallus. TEREBRA POLITA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 63. C’est le Buccinum politum de Lamk., le Miran d Adanson. Buccinum puato, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 163. Figure de d’Argenville, qui représente probablement une jeune individu de la 7’. senegalensis. 320 TEREBRA PUNCTATA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. D’aprés M. Hinds cette espéce serait un double emploi de la 7. corrugata de Lamarck. TEREBRA PUNCTATO-STRIATA, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. TEREBRA PUNCTULATA, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. p. 24. Ces deux espéces selon M. Hinds sont des doubles emplois de la T. cingulifera de Lamarck. 7 BuccinuM PUNCTULATUM, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 151. Lister, Conch. pl. 979. f. 38, Cerithium indéterminable. BuCCINUM RADIATUM, Gmel. p. 3504. no. 160. La figure citée de Gualtieri (pl. 52. f. D.) représente un Cerithium idéterminable. TEREBRA SANDWIZENSIS. Nous ne connaisssons ni l’origine ni l’application de ce nom men- tionné par M. Hinds a la fin de sa Monographie. TEREBRA STRIATA, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de I’ Astr. Les auteurs ignoraient que le nom de striata avait été donné par Basterot en 1825 a une espéce fossile de Bordeaux ; ils Pont appliqué & une espéce vivante a laquelle le nom d’affinis a été donné par M. Gray. Ce qui n’a pas empéché ce dernier naturaliste d’attribuer ce nom de striata & une coquille depuis longtems connue sous le nom de babylonia de Lamk. TEREBRA STRIATULA, Kiener, Icon. des Coq. Viv. (non Lamk.). L’auteur confond deux espéces sous ce nom, qui ne sont ni l'une ni Pautre le striatula de Lamk. L’une nous parait étre le Teredra verreauxt, et Vautre le strigilata de Linné. Buccinum succinctum, Gmel. p. 3502. no. 142. Espéce trés-douteuse faite sur une trés-imparfaite figure de Mar- tini (t. 4. f. 1451) ; nous doutons quelle soit du genre Terebra. Ce- pendant M. Pfeiffer dans son Index la considére comme bonne espéce et dit avoir dans sa collection ; il serait bien utile que le savant con- chyliologue en donnat une description et une bonne figure. TEREBRA TENIOLATA, Quoy et Gaim. Double emploi de la Terebra tricolor de Sowerby. TEREBRA TAHITENSIS, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 61. C’est un Buccin, Buccinum tahitense, Gmel. BuccINUM TUBERCULATUM, Gmel. p. 3503. no. 150. Gmelin renvoie 4 une figure de Lister (pl. 958. f. 11 6) qui repré- sente un véritable Buccin. 321 Buccinum varicosuM, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 165. Variété de la Terebra crenulata. Buccinum virGineum, Gmel. p. 3505. no. 168. C’est encore une Melania d’aprés la figure citée de Lister, pl. 113. is Ve TEREBRA viTTaTa, Lamk. C'est un Buccin (B. vittatum, Linn.) du groupe de Bullia de M. Gray. TEREBRA ZEBRA, Kiener. Double emploi de la 7. strigata, Sow. Pour compléter notre travail sur le genre Teredra, il faudrait ajouter ici la liste des espéces fossiles. Déja nous avons rassemblé de nombreux matériaux, nous comptons plus de 80 noms inscrits ; mais nous n’avons pu nous procurer un grand nombre d’espéces qu il fau- drait comparer pour en assurer la synonymie. Nous sommes donc forcé d’ajourner 4 un moment plus propice cet appendix int¢éressant d’une monographie du genre Terebra. 14. A Synopsis oF THE THRUSHES (TURDID&) or THE NEW Worup. By Puivie Lurury Scuater, M.A., F.L.S., Secre- TARY TO THE SOCIETY. The true Thrushes, of the Linnean genus Turdus as now re- stricted, almost perfectly cosmopolitan in their range, since they occur in every part of the world, tropical and temperate, with the exception of Australia, are found in great abundance in America. Counting the Merule of some authors amongst their number, for I believe that their structural differences from Turdus are unappre- ciable, we find nearly forty species of this genus already known to occur in the New World; and, from the number of species which have escaped detection until quite recently, we may reasonably pre- sume that we are not yet acquainted with all the American members of this group. It is useless to enlarge here upon the characteristics of these well-known birds. Suffice it to say, that, as far as we know, their general habits and manners are the same in the New World as in the Old, and that in the few cases in which we are ac- quainted with the mode of nesting and peculiarities of the eggs, these _also are similar. Connected with the typical Thrushes of America is a small group of birds forming the genus Catharus of Prince Bo- naparte. This section, until lately known to have but one representa- tive, is now extended to embrace seven species,—Mr. Gould’s type Malacocichla, founded upon one of them, being inseparable generi- cally from Catharus. The differences indeed between these birds and the true Thrushes are but slight—consisting in rather longer No. 404.— PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. o22 tarsi and shorter wings and tail, which render the group more fit for terrestrial and less adapted to arboreal life. Commencing our subfamily of Thrushes with the six Cathari, we enter Turdus by the typical small Thrushes of N. America, already alluded to, of which there seem to be eight species, difficult to be distinguished inter se. The second group of the genus—a section denominated by Prince Bonaparte Planesticus—in which the sexes are similar, and the throat is either spotted or striated,—is composed of twenty species, amongst which is the well-known Robin of the Americans, Turdus migratorius. A third group, in which the plumage is dusky and uniform, but the sexes are still alike, may be called Semimerula. It is composed of five species. There remain the Black-birds—of the section Merula—in which the sexes are different. Of these in the New World there appear, according to the present state of our knowledge, to be at least six, which make up the large number of thirty-nine species of American Turdz. The genera Cichlerminia and Margarops, which in the greater de- velopment of the first spurious primary (always small among the true Thrushes) show an abnormal tendency, contain three or four species peculiar to the Antilles. They may, perhaps, be arranged most naturally next to Turdus—and serve to lead off towards the Mock- birds, the several genera of which follow next in my arrangement. The typical Mock-birds show in many respects striking differences, when compared with the true Thrushes. Being adapted for a life inside the thick bushes and near the ground, they are distinguished by their low crown, their short and graduated wings—the first (spu- rious) primary being much lengthened and generally half as long as the second,—and their longer and more graduated tail. These characters and the strongly-developed scutella on the front of the tarsi, which are wanting in Turdus, have induced recent authors to disconnect them entirely from the Thrushes and arrange them with the Wrens. But there are some forms (such as Galeoscoptes, Nchlerminia, and Melanotis) so clearly intermediate in one or other of these respects, that I am unable to draw the line of demarcation between the two groups, and for the present am inclined to consider the affinities of the Mock-birds as closer with the Thrushes than with the Wrens. In their mode of nesting and in the colour of the eggs (points by no means to be neglected in considering natural rela- tionships), the Mock-birds also exhibit Thrush-like characters. The series of Mock-birds may be best commenced with Galeo- scoptes—embracing a well-known North American type—and two Antillean species nearly allied to each other, the strong Thrush-like appearance (and habits) of which have induced me to call them sub- generically Mimocichla. Next comes the singular type Melanoptila, of which the nearest ally is perhaps Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Me- tanotis with its two species is also nearly affine to Gialeoscoptes, and perhaps hardly separable generically therefrom. Rhamphocinclus and Cinclocerthia, on the other hand, are so aberrant in form that they have been ranged by some authors in a different group altogether; but there can be no doubt that their right place is here. In the 323 a elongated and incurved bill, some species of Harporhynchus, which next follows, shows much resemblance to them. These latter birds are clearly connected by Oreoscoptes with the typical Mock-thrushes of the genus Mimus, in which group an accurate comparison of Specimens and a careful attention to geographical distribution are requisite to enable the student to distinguish the numerous closely- allied and similarly-clad species. Genus I. CATHARUS. Catharus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 278 (1850). Malacocichla, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 285. a. Catharus. 1. CATHARUS MELPOMENE. Turdus melpomene, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 5.—Catharus aurantiiros- tris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294; 1858, p. 97; Ibis, 1859, p. 6. Cinnamomeo-brunneus, uropygio, alis extus et cauda rufescentioribus : subtus pallide cineraceus, gula et ventre medio crisoque dilutiori- bus, albis : periophthalmiis, rostri basi et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°1, caudee 2°6, tarsi 1°25. Hab. Southern Mexico, near Cordova (Sallé); Orizaba (Bott.) ; Guatemala (Skinner). Mus. P. L.S. 2. CATHARUS AURANTIIROSTRIS. Turdus aurantiirostris, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1850, p. 158; Contr. Orn. 1851, pl. 72.—Catharus immaculatus, Bp. Consp. p. 278. Supra dilute olivaceus: subtus albidus ; pectore, hypochondriis col- lique lateribus cinerascentibus : subcaudalibus albis: gula cine- rascente paulum variegata: rostro, pedibus et periophthalmiis flavis. Hab. Venezuela. Mus. Lugd. I have not had an opportunity of comparing specimens of these two nearly allied species ; but Dr. Hartlaub considers the present bird as distinct. 3. CATHARUS OCCIDENTALIS, sp. nov. Cinnamomeo-brunneus, vertice saturatiore: subtus cineraceus, gula albicante, cervice et pectore fusco subobsolete flammutatis : ventre medio et crisso albis: rostro fusco-nigricante, hujus basi et pedi- bus pallide corylinis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°5, caudee 2:9, tarsi 1°15. Hab. Western Mexico, Oaxaca, Totontepec (Boucard). Mus. P.L.S8. M. Sallé’s recent collections from M. Boucard contain four ex- amples of this Catharus. It seems clearly distinct from C. melpo- mene of Eastern Mexico, in its rather larger size, shorter tarsi, and 324 spotted neck and breast; these parts in C. melpomene being imma- culate. 3. Malacocichla. 4. CATHARUS DRYAS. Malacocichla dryas, Gould, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 285, pl. 75; Ibis, boas) Uast/c Supra saturate olivaceus, pileo et capitis lateribus nigerrimis ; subtus pallide ochraceus, pectore olivaceo variegato: rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°75, caudze 2°8. Hab. Guatemala (Skinner). Mus. Brit. 5. CATHARUS MACULATUS. Malacocichla maculata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 64. Supra nigricanti-schistaceus, pileo et capitis lateribus nigerrimis : subtus ochracescenti-albidus, lateraliter schistaceus : gula, pectore et ventris lateribus nigro maculatis : rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7:0, ale 3°6, caudee 2°8. Hab. Ecuador, banks of the Napo. Mus. Brit. 6. CATHARUS MEXICANUS. Malacocichla mexicana, Bp. Compt. Rend. xii. p. 998, et Orn. Foss. p. 35. Cinereo-olivaceus, subtus albido-fuscescens ; abdomine. medio albo ; pileo nigro: rostro flavo-aurantiaco, pedibus flavo-corneis. Long. tota 6°0, alee 3°5, caudze 2°4. Hab. Southern Mexico, near Jalapa (Sallé) ; Guatemala, prov. Vera-Paz (Delatire). Mus. Derbiano, P. L. 8S. 7. CATHARUS FUSCATER. Myioturdus fuscater, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 341. — Catharus fuscater, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1859, p. 136. Schistacescenti-niger ; subtus cinerascentior, abdomine medio albo, gutture fuscescente : rostro aurantiaco, pedibus flavo-corneis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°5, caude 3:0. Hab. Interior of New Granada; Ecuador, near Pallatanga (Fraser). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. Genus II. Turpbuvus. Turdus, Linn. S. N. (1766). Merula, Leach, Cat. Brit. Mus. (1816). Planesticus, Bp. Ann. Se. Nat. 1854, p. 118. 329 a. Turdus. Minores : subtus plus minusve guttulati : sexus inter se similes. i. TuRDUS MUSTELINUS. Turdus mustelinus, Gmel. 8. N.i. p. 817; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. pl. 62; Aud. B. Am. ii. pl. 144; Bp. Consp. p. 270; Baird, Rep. p. 212; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294; Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p- 470; Ibis, 1859, p. 6.—Turdus melodus, Wils. Am. Orn. i. pl. 2. Supra clare cinnamomeo-brunneus, pileo intensiore ; subtus pure al- bus, in lateribus cervicis, pectore et ventre maculis subtriangulari- bus nigricantibus distincte notatus: rostro corneo, basi flavida : pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7:5, alee 4:1, caudee 2°75. Hab. Eastern United States to the Missouri; Mexico ; Cordova (Sallé) ; Guatemala; Cuba, and Jamaica (in winter). Mus. Brit., P. L. S. I have not seen Turdus densus, Bp. (Compt. Rend. xxviil. p. 2; Notes Orn. p. 26), from Tabasco in Mexico, said to be nearly allied to T. mustelinus. The type is in the Museum at Brussels. I doubt its distinctness. 2. TuRDUS PALLASI. Turdus pallasi, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 205; Mus. Hein. _p. 5; Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 470; Baird, Rep. p. 212.—Turdus solitarius, Wils. Am. Orn. v. p. 95; Bp. Consp. p. 270; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 212.—Turdus minor, Bp. Obs. Wils. Orn. no. 72. —Turdus guttatus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 187. Supra pallide olivaceo-brunneus, uropygio et cauda rufis: subtus albus, pectore ochracescente: gutturis lateribus et pectore nigro triangulariter maculatis : hypochondriis subolivaceis. Long. tota 7°5, alee 3:5, caudze 2°5. Hab. Eastern N. America to the Mississippi and southwards to Mexico ; Orizaba (Botteri) ; Cuba (Gundlach). Mus. P.L.S. 3. TURDUS NANUS. Turdus nanus, Aud. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 201; B. Amer. mi. pl. 147; Baird, Rep. p. 213. Similis Turdo pallasi, sed minor: subtus purius albus: lateribus magis cinerascentibus nec cinnamomescentibus : colore caude@ sa- turatiore. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°3, caudee 2°9. Hab. Pacific slope of N. America, replacing 7. pallasi: California and Oregon. Mus. P.L.S. 4. TURDUS SILENS. Merula silens, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369; North. Zool. u. p. 186; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1858, p. 300. 326 Similis 'Turdo pallasi, sed colore corporis superi pallidiore, cine- rascentiore et multo minus cinnamomeo : cauda flavicanti-brunnea et pallidiore. Hab. Southern Mexico; Oaxaca (Boucard). Mus. P.L.S. Further specimens are requisite to confirm the validity of this species of Thrush. Having now examples of Turdus nanus, I should be inclined to refer it to that species, were it not of rather larger proportions. 5. TuRDUS FUSCESCENS. Turdus fuscescens, Steph. G. Z. x. p. 182; Baird, Rep. p. 214.— Turdus mustelinus, Wils. Am. Orn. v. pl. 43.—Turdus wilsoni, Bp. ; Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 188; Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 470. Supra rufescenti-brunneus, subtus albus ; guiture et pectore antico flavido-rufescentibus, maculis parvis triangularibus brunnescenti- olivaceis parce aspersis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°8, caudee 2°8. Hab. Eastern North America to the Missouri. Mus. P.L.S. 6. TuRDUS USTULATUS. Turdus ustulatus, Nutt. Man. Orn. i. p. 400 (1840); Baird, Rep. p. 215. Hab. Coast region of Oregon and Washington Territory. I have not seen examples of this Thrush, and can only refer to Prof. Baird’s description. 7. TURDUS SWAINSONI. Turdus swainsoni, Cab. in Tsch. F. P. p. 188; Mus. Hein. p. 5; Baird, Rep. p. 216; Ibis, 1859, p. 6.—Turdus minor, Gm. (part.) et Bp. Consp. p. 271; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 212.—Turdus oli- vaceus, Giraud.—Turdus minimus, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 5; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1844, p. 111; 1855, p. 145. Supra pallide olivaceus unicolor: subtus albus ; gula et pectore di- lute flavescenti-brunneis, gule lateribus et pectore toto maculis triangularibus fusco-nigris crebro sparsis. Long. tota 7:0, alee 3°7, caudee 2°8. Hab. Eastern North America to Greenland, and southwards to Mexico, Orizaba (Bolt.) ; Guatemala; New Granada, Ecuador, and Peru; Cuba (Gundlach) ; Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Mus. Brit., P. L. S. 8. TURDUS ALICIA. Turdus alicie, Baird, Rep. p. 217. Hab. Interior of N. America—Illinois and Upper Missouri. I have not seen this bird. Arh B. Planesticus. Muajores: subtus unicolores, gula nigro striata aut punctata: sexus inter se similes. 9. TuRDUS PHHOPYGUS. Turdus pheopygus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. ii. 666, et Mus. Hein. p. 4; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 64.—Turdus jamaicensis, Jard. Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 329 (1847), nec Gm. Supra saturate olivaceo-brunneus, uropygio cinereo : subtus pallide cinereus, gula alba nigro striata; collo antico et crisso albis : _ rostro et pedibus nigricanti-fuscis. Long. tota 7:0, alee 3°9, caudee 3:0. Hab. Guiana (Schomb.); Northern Brazil; Venezuela; Trinidad ; Tobago (Kirk); New Granada; Eastern Ecuador, Rio Napo. Mus. P.L.S. Kasily known by its small size, and grey rump in contradistinction to the cinnamomeous back. 10. TurDUS JAMAICENSIS. Turdus jamaicensis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 809; Gosse, B. Jam. p. 142, et Tl. pl. 24. — Turdus capucinus, Hartl.; Bp. Consp. p. 271. — Turdus lereboulleti, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 3, et Notes Orn. Pa27- Saturate ardesiacus, capite undique et striis in gula alba obscure cinnamomeis: subtus pallide cinereus, collo antico et ventre medio albis: rostro nigro ; pedibus clare fusco-nigris. Long. tota 8°7, ale 4:6, caudee 3°6. Hab. Jamaica (Gosse). Mas: Brit..-P. LS. 11. TuRDUS CROTOPEZUS. Turdus leucomelas, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. 226, et Kne. Méth. p. 644, ex Azara, no. 80?—Turdus crotopezus, Licht. Douwbl. p. 38 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 3; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 123; Bp. Consp. p. 272.—Turdus albicollis, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 71, pl. 70. Saturate cinnamomeo-brunneus, subéus pallide cinereus, gula alba niyro striata: ventre medio et crisso pure albis ; latertbus fulvis : tectricibus subalaribus pallide cinnamomeis : rostro corneo, man- dibule inferioris basi flava : pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 8:5, alee 4:4, caudee 3°3. / Hab. South-eastern Brazil. 12. TurRpDUS ASSIMILIS. Turdus assimilis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 4; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 202. Supra olivascenti-brunneus, cauda concolore ; subtus pallide cine- 328 rascenti-olivaceus ; gula alba, nigro striata; collo antico et ventre medio cum crisso albis : rostro omnino corneo: pedibus fuscis. Long tota 9°5, alee 5°0, caudee 4:0. Hab. Southern Mexico, Vera Cruz (Sallé) ; Orizaba (Botter?) ; Puente Nacional (Pease) ; Oaxaca (Boucard). Mus. P. L.S., Acad. Philadelph. The under surface of this species much resembles that of T. cro- topezus, showing only a larger white patch on the neck and a deeper cinereous on the breast. Above, the present bird is wholly of a paler and more cinereous brown. 13. TuRDUS LEUCAUCHEN. 3 Turdus leucauchen, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 447; Ibis, 1859, p. 6. Supra nigricanti-cinereus alis et cauda saturatioribus: capite toto et gula nigris, hac albo striata: collo antico pure albo; abdomine toto pallide cinereo, ventre medio crissoque albis : tectricibus sub- alaribus pallide ochracescentibus : rostro fiavo, pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 9°0, alee 4°6, caudee 2°8. Hab. Guatemala (Skinner). This Guatemalan species is nearly allied to the two latter, but distinguishable by its dark cinereous colour above, more conspicuous white neck-patch and yellow bill. 14. TURDUS ALBIVENTRIS. Turdus albiventris, Spix, Av. Bras. 1. p. 70, pl. 69 ; Cab. in Schomb. Reisen, iii. p. 666, et Mus. Hein. p. 4; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. 124; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 451. Brunnescenti-olivaceus, subtus pallide cinereus ; gula albida nigro striata ; ventre medio et crisso pure albis : tectricibus subalaribus pallide cinnamomeis : rosiro corneo: pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 8°5, alee 4:5, caudee 3°8. Hab. Guiana (Schomb.) and valley of the Amazon up to Rio Napo and Eastern Ecuador; Zamora (Fraser); Brazil, Bahia, and coast- region generally ; Bolivia? Mus. Brit., P. L. S. I am unable at present to decide that specimens collected by Mr. Fraser at Pallatanga, on the western slope of the Andes, are reall referable to this species ; but they appear to be very closely allied to it. 15. TuRDUS IGNOBILIS. Turdus ignobilis, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 273. Cinerascenti-fuscus, subtus dilutior ; gula albicante, fusco striata ; abdomine albo: tectricibus subalaribus fusco-cinereis, rufo vix tinctis.: rostro corneo, pedibus fusco-nigris. Long. tota 9-0, alze 4°5, caudze 3°9. Hab. Interior of New Granada. Mus. P. L. 8. et Acad. Philadelph. 329 Apparently a larger bird than the preceding, and of more uniform colouring. The colour above is darker, browner, and without any cinereous tinge ; the breast is much more brown, and the throat more obsoletely streaked ; the tarsi are stouter and thicker. 16. TurRDUS ALBICOLLIS. Turdus albicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p.226,et Enc. Méth. p.640; Cab. Mus. Hem. p. 5; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. 125. Cinnamomeo-brunneus, subtus pallide cinereus, gula alba nigro striata: collo antico, ventre imo et crisso albis : hypochondriis et lateribus ventris saturate cinnamomeo-rufis: rosiro superiore nigro, inferiore flavo: pedibus clare fuscis. Long. tota 9°4, alee 4°8, caudee 4-0. Hab. South-eastern Brazil; Paraguay and La Plata; Monte Video (Mus. Berol.). Mus. P.L.S. 17. TuRDUS AMAUROCHALINUS. Turdus amaurochalinus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 5. Supra olivaceo-viridis, precipue in capite brunnescens :; loris nigri- canti-brunneis ; subtus brunnescenti-griseus ; gula albida fusco striata, plaga mediali immaculata: tectricibus subalaribus dilute ferrugineis : ventre medio et crisso albis: rostro adulti flavo, juvenis fusco (Cab.). Hab. Brazil. I have not yet met with specimens of this species. 18. TuRDUS GYMNOPHTHALMUS. Turdus gymnophthalmus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. ii. p. 665.—Tur- dus nudigenys, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 4.—Turdus gymnopsis, Temm. Mus. Lugd., et Bp. Consp. p. 272. Brunnescenti-olivaceus, orbitis late nudis: subtus cinerascens, gut- ture fusco striato, ventre medio et crisso albis: subalaribus cin- namomeis. Long. tota 9-0, alze 4°5, caudee 4:0, Hab. Guiana; Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago (Kirk); Surinam (Hering in Mus. Acad. Philadelph.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 19. TuRDUS FUMIGATUS. Turdus fumigatus, Licht. Doubl. p. 38.—T. ferrugineus, Wied, Beitr. ii. 649 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. 1. 122; Bp. Consp. p. 272 ; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. ili. 665; Hartlaub, Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 260. ——Turdus olivaceus, Lafr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. 1. p. 16, juv. ? Rufescenti-brunneus, subtus dilutior, gula striata, subalaribus satu- rate cinnamomeis: rostro et pedibus fuscis. Juv. Fuscescenti- olivaceus, subtus dilutior. Long. tota 9-0, alee 4°6, caudee 3°7. Hab. Kastern Brazil and northwards to Guiana; Para (Wallace). Mus. P.L.S. 330 20. TuRDUS GRAYII. Merula tristis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369 ?—Turdus grayi, Bp. P.Z.S. 1837, p. 118; Bp. Consp. p. 272; Ibis, 1859, p. 5.—Turdus tristis, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 294.—Turdus helvolus, Licht. Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 4; Notes Orn. p. 28. Supra olivascenti-fuscus : subtus flavicanti-cinnamomeus, gutiure vie fusco striolato: tectricibus alarum inferioribus pallide cer- vinis : rostro plumbeo, apice flavo ; pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 9°0, alee 5:0, caudee 4°3. Hab. Southern Mexico ; Cordova (Sallé) ; Orizaba (Botter2). 21. TuRDUS CASIUS. Planesticus casius, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 657. Cinnamomeo-ferrugineus ; subtus pallidior, gula obsolete striata (Bp) Hab. In isthmo Panama (Mus. Brit.). Mus. Brit., P. L. S. I doubt much the real distinctness of this bird from Turdus grayit. . I have a specimen, believed to be from Guatemala, which agrees nearly with Prince Bonaparte’s type in the British Museum. It only differs from the preceding in having rather smaller dimensions and paler colouring, particularly beneath. I am not acquainted with Planesticus luridus, Bp. (Compt. Rend. xxxvi. p. 4; Notes Orn. p- 28), said to be from New Granada; but from the characters* assigned to it, I should imagine it to be the same as the present. 22. TuRDUS SERRANUS. Turdus serranus, Tsch. Av. Consp. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, 1. p. 280, et Faun. Per. p. 186; Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 260. Supra obscure fuscus, pilet plumarum scapis ferrugineis : remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus : subtus ex olivaceo fuscus, pectore Fferrugineo-fusco ; crisso saturatiore: rostro nigro ; pedibus fiavis (Tschudi). Hab. Andes of Western Peru, Sierra-region, alt. 9000 to 14,000 ft. (Tsch.). Mus. Novo-Castellano. I have once had the type of this species in my hand. My im- pression was that it was nearly allied to Turdus ferrugineus ; but I had no means of comparison. 23. TuRDUS FALKLANDICUS. Turdus falklandicus, Quoy & Gaim. Voy. de | Uranie, p. 104; D’Orb. Voy. p. 202; Darwin, Voy. p. 59.— Turdus magellanicus, King, P. Z. 8, 1830, p. 14; Bp. Consp. p. 272; Bridges, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 111.—Merula falklandica, Cass. U. S. Expl. Exped. Birds, p. 157. * Plus pale et moins roussatre en dessous (sc. compared with Turdus grayit). 331 Brunneo-olivaceus, pileo nigricante: subtus dilute ochraceus, latera- liter cinerascens ; gutture albo, nigro striolato: rostro et pedibus avis. ee tota 10°5, ale 5°4, caudee 4°3. Hab. Falkland Islands, Southern Patagonia, and Chili: Valdivia (Philippi). Mus. Brit., P. L. S., Derb. Specimens of this bird vary a little. Those in the Derby Museum from the Falklands are of a deeper rufous tinge below than conti- nental specimens. 24. TuRDUS MIGRATORIUS. Turdus migratorius, Linn. 8. N.1i. p. 292; Wils. Am. Orn. i. pl. 2; Aud. B. Am. ii. pl. 142; Bp. Consp. p. 272; Cassin, U.S. Expl. Exp. Birds, p. 157; Baird, Rep. p. 218; Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p- 368; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294. Cineraceus vir olivacescens: capite nigro, regione oculari alba: gula alba nigro striata : abdomine toto et tectricibus subalaribus castaneis: tibius et crisso albis: rostro flavo, apice obscuro ; pedibus corneis. Long. tota 8°25, alee 5:0, caudee 4:0. Hab. Whole continent of North America, Eastern and Western States, and down to S. Mexico in winter ; Cordova (Sallé) ; acci- dental in Antilles, Tobago (Kirk). 25. TuRDUS NEVIUS. Turdus nevius, Gm. 8. N.1i. p. 817; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. ii. pl. 66; Aud. B. Am. iii. pl. 143; Bp. Consp. p. 271; Baird, Rep. p. 219. Cineraceus : lateribus capitis et torque pectorali nigris : superciliis elongatis, fasctis alarum et corpore subtus ferrugineo-rufis : ventre medio et crisso albis rufo perfusis : caude rectricibus albo ter- minatis: rostro nigro: pedibus flavidis. Long. tota 9:0, alee 5-0, caude 3°5. Hab. Pacific Coast of N. America; Oregon and California ; Mon- terey (Gambel). : The true type of Prince Bonaparte’s subgeneric term Izoreus, used by Professor Baird for this bird, is, as I know from its having been pointed out to me by the founder in the Jardin de Plantes’ collection, the S. American Tenioptera rufiventris (Tyrannus rufiventris, Vieill. ; Tenioptera variegata, G. R. Gray ; D’Orb. Voy. Ois. t. 39. fig. 2; gen. Myiotheretes, Reichb.). It was from confounding this bird with the present, that the strange remark was made, which I have already alluded to (P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 4), concerning the natural position of this bird, in Compt. Rendus, xxxvili. p. 3 (Notes Orn. p. 26). 26. TURDUS FULVIVENTRIS. Turdus fulviventris, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 273. Nigricanti-cinereus : capite toto cum qutture migris : cervice antica 332 cinerascente : abdomine et subalaribus saturate cinnamomeo-rufis : rostro flavo : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 10°5, alee 4:8, caudze 4:0. Hab. Ynterior of New Granada. Mus. P. L.S. et Bruxelliano. 27, TURDUS RUFIVENTRIS. Turdus rufiventris, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 226, et Enc. Méth. p- 639; Azara, no.79; unde Turdus chochi, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p- 226, et Enc. p. 639; Max. Beitr. iii. 639; D’Orb. Voy. p. 203; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 122; Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 70, pl. 68; Bp. Consp. p. 272; Darw. Zool. p. 59. Brunnescenti-olivaceus ; gutture albo fusco striato: abdomine cum crisso saturate ferrugineis.- Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°6, caudee 4°0. Hab. South-eastern Brazil; Paraguay (4zar.) ; interior of Bo- livia and Argentine republic down to Rio Negro (D’Oré.). Mus. Brit., P.L.S., &c. 28. TURDUS FLAVIROSTRIS. Turdus flavirostris, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369.—Turdus rufo- palliatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 259.— Turdus pailiatus, Bp. Consp. p. 272. Cinereo-olivaceus, dorso et abdomine rufo-cinnamomeis ; ventre medio et crisso albis: gula alba, nigro striata: rosiro et pedibus flavis. Q dorso dilutiore. Long. tota 5°5, ale 4:9, caudee 3°75. Hab. Western Mexico and Lower California; Monterey (La/r.). Mus. Brit. y. Semimerula. Majores : ptilosis unicolor, fusca aut fusco-nigra: sexus similes. 29. TuRDUS GIGas. Turdus gigas, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 59; Bp. Consp. p. 275 ; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 144; 1858, pp. 451 & 550. © Nigricantifuscus, subtus dilutior : rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 13-0, alee 6°0, caudze 6:0, tarsi 1°7. Hab. Interior of New Granada and Ecuador; Cuenca, and plateau of Riobamba (Fraser). | Mus. Brit., P. L.S8. Kasily distinguishable from the next-following species by its larger dimensions. The colouring is also lighter and more greyish below. 30. TuRDUS FUSCATER. Turdus fuscater, Latr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 16; D’Orb. Voy. p- 200, pl. 9. f. 1; Bp. Consp. p. 275; Gay, Hist. de Chili, Zool. p. 331; Fraser in P. Z. 8. 1843, p. 120; Tschudi, Faun. Per. p. 186. 333 Fuliginoso-nigricans: rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 10°5, alee 5°9, caudee 4°5, tarsi 1°45. Hab. Andes of Peru and Bolivia; Cochabamba and Chuquisaca (D’Orb.) ; Mendoza in Argentine republic (Bridges and Burmeister). Mus. Brit., P. L. S. 31. TurRDUS CHIGUANCO. Turdus chiguanco, Lafr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. p. 16; D’Orb. Voy. p. 201, pl. 9. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 275; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, pp. 450 & 540. Fuliginoso-cinereus, subtus dilutior ; gula albicante : tectricibus sub- alaribus rufis: rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 10-0, alee 5°3, caudee 4°4. Hab. Andes of Peru and Ecuador—Tacna (D'Orbd.) ; Cuenca and plateau of Rio Bamba (Fraser). Mus. Paris., P. L. S. 32. TuRDUS AURANTIUS. Turdus aurantius,Gm.8.N.1i. p. 832; Bp. Consp. p. 275.—Turdus leucogenys, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 341.— Merula leucogenys, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 136, et Hl. no. 23. Nigricanti-cinereus, subtus dilutior ; mento, abdomine medio et macula alari albis: rostro aurantiaco, pedibus flavis. Long. tota 9°0, ale 4°6, caude 3°6. Hab. Jamaica. Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 33. TURDUS OLIVATER. Merula olivatra, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 2. Olivascenti-brunneus, subtus dilutior ; ventre medio precipue palli- diore: alis caudaque intus nigricantibus: capite et collo toto undigue ad medium pectus nigerrimis : tectricibus subalaribus ventre concoloribus ; rostro et pedibus flavis. Long. tota 9:0, alee 4:6, caudze 3°7. Hab. Venezuela, between La Guayra and Caraccas (Salle). Mus. Derbiano, Bremensi. 6. Merula. Sexus inter se dissimilis: mares nigri aut nigro vari: famine fusce aut fuscescentes. 34. TuURDUS ATROSERICEUS. Merula atrosericea, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 3. Turdus atrosericeus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 136. Atrosericeus, rostro et pedibus flavis: Q brunnescenti-olivacea, rostro et pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 9:0, alee 4°7, caudee 4°0. Hab. Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador ; Pallatanga (Fraser). Mas: Pol. S. 334 35. TurDUS INFUSCATUS. Merula infuscata, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 41.—Turdus infus- catus, Sclater et Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 6; Bp. Consp. p. 275. Obscure niger : rostro et pedibus flavis. 2 brunnescenti-olwacea, subtus dilutior, gutture striato ; tectricibus subalaribus rufis : rostro fusceo : pedibus flavis. Long. tota 9°5, alz 5:0, caude 3°75. Hab. Southern Mexico and Guatemala; Jalapa (de Oca) ; Oaxaca (Boucard). Mus. P.L.S. This Blackbird seems truly different from the preceding, as I judge from the examination of several specimens. It is not of so deep a black; the bill is much shorter (0°9 inch from the gape instead of 1:3) ; the wings are longer and more pointed, and the tarsi are shorter. 36. TuRDUS XANTHOSCELES. Turdus xanthosceles, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1847, p. 14, pl. 1, et Ann. N. H. xx. p. 329 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. p. 275. Niger : rostro et pedibus flavis. @ fusco-olivacea. Long. tota 8:0, alee 4°3, caudee 3°5. / Hab. Tobago (Kirk). | Mus. Gul. Jardine, Bart., et P. L.S8. 37. TuRDUS FLAVIPES. Turdus flavipes, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. 277; Ene. Méth. p. 670 ; Spix, Av. Bras. 1. pl. 67. f. 2, p. 69.—Turdus carbonarius, Licht. Doubl. p. 37; Max. Beitr. ii. p. 643; Burm. Syst. Ueb. mi. p. 125. Niger : dorso toto et ventre imo et laterali schistaceis : rostro et pedibus flavis. & olivaceo-brunnea, subtus dilutior, rostro et pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 9:0, ale 4:5, caudze 3°5. Hab. 8. E. Brazil. Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 38. TURDUS RUFITORQUES. Turdus rufitorques, Hartl. R. Z. 1844, p. 214; DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 19 & 20; Bp. Consp. p. 275; Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1849, p. 6. Mgro-fuliginosus, mento albo; cervice undique et pectore rufo- cinnamomeis : rostro flavo. Q fusco-brunnea, gula striata, pectore et collo postico rufo tinctis. Long. tota 9:5, alee 5°0, caudee 4:0. Hab. Guatemala (Salvin). Mus. Derbiano, Brit., P. L. S. 39. TURDUS PINICOLA, sp. nov. Fusco-niger, capitis et dorsi plumarum scapis brunneis: alarum tectricibus majoribus fumido-albo extus late limbatis : prima- 335 riorum parte basali extus et intus macula magna alba occupata: secundariorum apicibus grisescenti-albo late terminatis: cauda nigra, hujus tectricibus superioribus et rectricum apicibus albis : abdomine cum crisso et tectricibus alarum inferioribus albis : rostro nigro, pedibus flavis. 2 brunnescentior : coloribus dilutioribus ; gutture et pectore toto brunneis, colore pallidiore marmoratis. Long. tota 8°28, ale 5:0, caudee 3°28, tarsi 1:0. Hab. Southern Mexico, Pine- forests of the tableland above Jalapa (de Oca). Mus. Bremensi et P.L.S. Genus II]. CicHLerMiInia. Cichlerminia, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 3 (1854). 1. CICHLERMINIA BONAPARTII. Turdus herminiert, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 167. Saturate brunnea, plums abdominis albis brunneo marginatis, tanquam squamatis : oculorum ambitu denudato. Long. tota 8°5, alee 5:0, caudze 3°5, tarsi 1°65. Hab. Island of Guadeloupe (L’ Herminier). Mus. Brit. This is a singular bird, and must be separated from the three following species, differing as it does in its much stronger bill and longer tarsi, which give it somewhat the semblance of an Ant-thrush (Grallaria). Genus IV. MARGAROPS. Cichlalopia, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1857, p. 205, nec Bp. Compt. Rend. Xxxvill. p. 6 (1854). 1. MARGAROPS FUSCATUS. Turdus fuscatus, Vieill. Ois. de PAm. Sept. ii. p. 1, pl. 57 bis ; Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 226, et Enc. Méth. p. 639; Bp. Consp. p. 276 ; Cichlermima fuscata, A. & K. Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 141.—Collu- ricincla fusca, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 6. Fusco-brunneus, plumis colore dilutiore marginatis: subtus albo variegatus: ventre crissoque albis fusco striatis : caude rectri- cibus lateralibus albo terminatis: rostro et pedibus corneis. Long. tota 10°5, alee 5:0, caudee 4°25, tarsi 1°3. Had. Islands 8. Domingo and Porto Rico (Vieill.) ; St. Croix et St. Thomas (Newton). Messrs. Newton have described the nest and eggs of this bird in the ‘Ibis’ (1859, p. 142). Not being able iho concur in Prince Bonaparte’s transfer of his name Cichlalopia to this genus, I have used the term Margarops (papyapos et &w)—se. “ Pearly-eyed Thrush,” as Messrs. Newton eall it. 336 2. MARGAROPS DENSIROSTRIS. Turdus densirostris, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 233, et Enc. Méth. p. 642; Bp. Consp. p. 271; Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 167. Stmilis precedenti, sed paulo minor; rostro breviore, et magis crasso: tarsis brevioribus, validioribus : pectore magis striato. Hab. Island of Guadeloupe (I’ Herminier) ; Martinique ( Vieill.). Mus. Brit. 3. MARGAROPS MONTANUS. Turdus montanus, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 167. Precedentibus minor, supra unicolor fuscus ; secundaris, tectrici- bus alarum majoribus et cauda albo terminatis : gutturis totius et pectoris plumis nigro-brunnescentibus, albo vie marginatis : ventre imo albido. Long. tota 9-0, alee 4°9, caudee 3°8. Hab. Island of Guadeloupe (1’ Herm.). Mus. Brit. Genus V. GALEOSCOPTES. Galeoscoptes, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 82 (1851). Felivox, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxvili. p. 56 (1854). a. Galeoscoptes. 1. GALEOSCOPTES CAROLINENSIS. Muscicapa carolinensis, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 328.—Turdus felivoa, Vieill.—Turdus lividus, Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 14. f. 3.—Mimus caro- linensis, Baird, Report, p. 346 ; Sclater, P.Z.S. 1856, p. 294 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. 1855, p. 470; Ibis, 1859, p. 6. Plumbeus, subtus dilutior, pileo nigro ; crisso ferrugineo : rostro nigro, pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 8°0, alee 3°5, caude 3:5. Hab. Eastern N. America down to Mexico, Guatemala, and Hon- duras (in winter) ; Cordova (Sallé) ; Belize (Salvin) ; Cuba (Gund- lach). Mus. Brit., P. L. 8. B. Mimocichla. 2. GALEOSCOPTES RUBRIPES. Turdus rubripes, Temm. PI. Col. 409 ; La Sagra, Cuba Ois. pl. 4. —Mimus rubripes, Bp. Consp. p. 276.—Galeoscoptes rubripes, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 82, et Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p- 470. Dilute plumbeus, mento et crisso albis : gutture toto nigro : ventre rubro : rostro nigricante, pedibus aurantiacis. Long. tota 10:0, alee 4:6, caudee 3°3. Hab. Cuba. Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 337 3. GALEOSCOPTES PLUMBEUS. Turdus plumbeus, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 294; Pl. Eni. 560. f. 1; Vieill. Ois. de PAm. Sept. u. pl. 58, p. 2.— Turdus ardosiaceus, Vieill. Ene. Méth. p. 646. — Galeoscoptes plumbeus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 82; Sallé, P. Z. 8S. 1857, p. 231. Cinereus: lateribus capitis nigris: gula alba nigro striata: ventre imo et crisso albis : cauda nigra, albo terminata. Long. tota 10:5, alee 5:1, caude 4°5. Hab. S. Domingo (Sal); Porto Rico (Maugé in Mus. Par.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S Genus VI. MELANOPTILA. Melanoptita, Sclater, P. Z.8. 1857, p. 275. 1. MELANOPTILA GLABRiROSTRIS. Melanoptila glabrirostris, Sclater, P. Z.8. 1857, p. 275. Nigra unicolor, ceruleo-nitens: alis caudaque eneo magis splen- dentibus : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7°8, ale 3°5, caude 4°3. Hab. Honduras, vicinity of Omoa. Mus. Derbiano, Brit., P. L.S. Genus VII. MELANotis. Melanotis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 276 (1850). 1. MELANOTIS CEZRULESCENS. Orpheus cerulescens, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369.-—Turdus me- lanotis, Temm. Pl. Col. 498; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294; Bp. Consp. p. 276. Schistaceo-cerulescens, facie nigra, rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 10:0, alee 4:5, caudee 4:7. Hab. Southern Mexico; Cordova (Salle). Mus. Brit., P.L.S. 2. MELANOTIS HYPOLEUCUS. Melanotis hypoleucus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 460; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 7. Schistaceo-cerulescens, lateribus capitis nigris: subtus candidus, crisso obscure ceruleo: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 10:0, alee 4:3, caude 5:0. Hab. Guatemala, central region (Salvin). Mus. Brit., P.L. 8 Genus VIII. RHAMPHOCINCLUS. Ramphocinelus, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 66. Legriocinclus, Less. Ann. Sc. Nat.ix. p. 168 (1838). Cinclops, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 1. No. 405.— PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 338 1. RHAMPHOCINCLUS BRACHYURUS. Turdus brachyurus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 255, et Ene. Méth. p. 655; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1143, p. 66 ; Sclater, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 215. —Zoothera cinclops, Bp. Consp. p. 259.—Cinclops melanoleucus, Bp. , Nigricanti-fuscus : lateribus capitis nigris: subtus albus, hypo- chondriis et crisso dorso concoloribus: rostro nigre, pedibus Susco-nigris. | Long. tota 8:0, alse 3°9, caudee 3°0. : Hab. Islands of St. Lucia and Guadeloupe (Mus. Paris.) ; Mar- tinique (Vierll.). 2 Mus. Paris., P. L.S. Genus IX. CINCLOCERTHIA. Stenorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1835, p. 186. Cinclocerthia, G. R. Gray, List. of Gen. 1840, p. 22. Herminierus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 325. 1. CINCLOCERTHIA RUFICAUDA. Stenorhynchus ruficaudus, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1835, p. 186.—Cinelo- certhia ruficauda, G. R. Gray.—Ramphocinclus tremulus, Lafr. Rev. Zool, 1833, p. 67; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 214. Fumoso-brunnea unicolor, paulum rufescens: subtus paulo dilu- tior magis cinerascens : rostro nigro, bast brunnescente; pedibus fuseis. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4:0, caudee 3°4, rostri a rictu 1°7. Hab. {sland of Guadeloupe (La/r.), Nevis (Gould). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. “Ss E " r we D. Crncrochrtuta GUTTURALIS. * Ramphocinclus gutturalis, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 67; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 214. Nigricanti-fuscocinerea, subtus valde dilutior: gutture et ventre medio albis: tectricibus subalaribus pallide fusco-cinerascen- tibus. Long. tota 9°5, ale 4:4, caudee 3:2, tarsi 1°2, rostri a rictu 1°5. Hab. Island of Martinique (Mus. Brit.). Mus. Brit. Genus X. HarRPORHYNCHUS. Harpes, Gamb. Pr. Ac. Phil. i. p. 264. Harporhynchus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1848, i. p. 98. Toxostoma, Wag). Isis, 1831, p. 528. Methriopterus, Reichb. Av. 8. N. pl. 55. 339 a. Harporhynchus. qi . HarPORHYNCHUS REDIVIVUS. Harpes redivivus, Gamb. Pr. Ac. Phil. 11. p. 264. — Toxostoma rediviva, Gamb. Journ. Ac. Phil. i. p. 42 (1847) ; Bp.Consp. p. 277; Cassin, B. Californ. pl. 43.—Harporhynchus redivivus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1848, p. 98; Baird, Rep. p. 349. Supra brunnescenti-olivaceus: infra pallide cinnamomeus, gula pallidiore, ventre imo et crisso saturatioribus ; pectore antico et latertbus brunnescenti-olivaceis, dorso pallidioribus : super- cilus et linea infra-oculart, hac obsoletiore, obscure cineraceis : regione auriculart et striga maxillart indistincta obscure fuscis ; caude apice pallidiore. Long. tota 11°5, alee 4:2, caudee 5°75. Hab. California. Mus. Brit. , | 2. HARPORHYNCHUS LECONTII. Toxostoma lecontii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. v. p. 109. — Harpo- rhynchus lecontii, Bp.Compt. Rend. xxviii. p. 57 ; Notes Orn. p. 39 ; Baird, Rep. p. 350. Assimilis precedenti, sed crassitie inferiore et coloribus dilutvo- robus. Hab. Vicinity of Fort Yuma, Gila River, California. Mus. Institut. Smithsonian. : “3. HARPORHYNCHUS CRISSALIS. Toxostoma crissalis, Henry, Pr. Acad. Philad. 1858, p.117 ; Baird, Rep. p. 351. Supra olivaceo-brunneus, grisescente tinctus: infra pallidior, brunnescenti-griseus, gula albicantiore : crisso ferrugineo. Long. tota 11:0, alee 4:0, caudze 5°8. Hab. Southern Rocky Mountains. Mus. Institut. Smithsonian. we 4, HARPORHYNCHUS CURVIROSTRIS. Orpheus curvirostris, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369. — Pomato- rhinus turdinus, Temm. Pl. Col. 441.—Toxostoma vetula, Wagler, Isis, 1831, p.528; Baird, Report, p. 351.—Towostoma curvirostre, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 212. Cinereus, alarum tectricibus anguste albo terminatis; subtus albus, pectore cinereo variegato : caude rectricibus extimis in pogonto interiore albo terminatis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°3, caudee 4°4. Hab. Southern Mexico ; Orizaba (Botter7). Mas. P. Li. S: 3. Methriopterus. 5. HarPORHYNCHUS LONGIROSTRIS. Orpheus longirostris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 55, et Mag. de 340 Zool. 1839, Ois. pl. 1; Baird, Rep. p. 352.—Mimus longirostris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294. Sordide castaneus: alarum tectricum apicibus albis, macula sub- apicali nigricante : subtus albus, ngro longitudinaliter striatus, gula et abdomine medio immaculatis. Long. tota 11:0, alee 4:0, caudee 5:3. Hab. Eastern Mexico; Rio Grande (Couch) ; Cordova (Sallé). Mus. Brit., P. L. S. 6. HARPORHYNCHUS RUFUS. Turdus rufus, Linn. S. N.i. p. 293; Wils. Am. Orn. ii. pl. 14.— Orpheus rufus, Sw.—Harporhynchus rufus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 82 ; Baird, Report, p. 353. Supra lete castaneus, alarum tectricum apicibus albis, macula subapicali nigricante: subtus albus brunnescenti-mgro trian- gulariter notatus : gula et abdomine medio immaculatis : rostro breviore et mandibula inferiore recta: rostro nigricanti-fusco, pedibus corneis. Long. tota 11-0, alee 4:0, caudze 5:0. Hab. Eastern N. America. Genus XI. OreEoscorrss. _ Oroscoptes, Baird, Report N. A. Orn. p. 346. 1. OREOSCOPTES MONTANUS. Oroscoptes montanus, Baird, Rep. p. 347.—Orpheus montanus, Townsh. Journ. Ac. Philad. vil. 2. p.192; Aud. B. Am. pl. 139.— Mimus montanus, Bp. Consp. p. 276. Supra fusco-cineraceus, subtus albus, maculis parvis triangularibus, nist in gula et ventre medio notatus: alarum tectricibus et remigibus albo anguste marginatis : rectricibus lateralibus albo terminatis : rostro nigro, pedibus corneis. Long. tota 8°5, alee 3°8, caudee 3°5. Hab. Rocky Mountains southwards to Mexico, and Gila Valiey to California. Mus. Bremensi et P. L.S. Genus XII. Mimus. Mimus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 972. Orpheus, Sw. Zool. Journ. (1827) iti. p. 167. a. Species rectrice extima omnino alba. 1. Mimus POLYGLOTTUS. Turdus polyglottus, Linn. 8. N.i. p. 293; Wils. Am.Orn. ii. pl.10. — f.1.—Mimus polyglottus, Bp.Consp. p. 276; Baird, Report, p. 344 ; 34] Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 212; Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 470.— Orpheus polyglottus, Sw. Nigricanti-cinereus, subtus albus: alis nigris, cinerascente lim- batis, tectricum et secundariorum apicibus cum speculo magno alurt, primariorum basin et alulam spuriam occupante, albis : cauda nigra albo terminata: rectrice extima tota, secunde pogonio interno, et tertie parte medialt albis. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°7, caudee 5:0. Hab. North America, eastern and western (?); southwards to Mexico, Cordova (Sailé) ; Orizaba (Botteri) ; Cuba (Gundlach). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 2. Mimus ORPHEUS. Mimus, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 263.—Turdus orpheus, Linn. ; Edwards, Birds, pl. 28; Vieill. Ois. de l’Am. Sept. ii. p. 12, pl. 68; Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 144. Albicanti-cinereus, subtus albus : alis nigris cinerascente limbatis, tectricum et secundariorum apicibus cum speculo magno alari albis : cauda nigra albo terminata : rectricibus duabus extimis Sere omnino et sequentibus duabus ex majore parte albis. Long. tota 9:0, alee 4:0, caudee 4°3. Hab. Jamaica. Mus. P.L.S. Distinguishable from M. polyglottus by its smaller size, and the greater extension of the white on the outer tail-feathers. 3. Mimus DOMINICUS. Merula dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 284.—Turdus domanicus, Linn. 1. p. 295 ; Sallé, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 232. Similis precedenti et forsan ab allo vix distinctus. Hab. 8. Domingo. 4. MIMUS TRIURUS. Calandria tres colas, Azara, no. 224, unde Turdus triurus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 276, et Enc. p. 668.— Orpheus tricaudatus, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. i. p. 18; d’Orb. Voy. p. 208; Bridges, P. Z.S. 1843, p. 120; Bp. Consp. p. 277. Fusco-cinereus, uropygio rufescente, subtus albus: alis nigris, tectricibus majoribus et secundariis (nist tribus dorso proximis) omnino albis: cauda nigra, rectricibus duabus extimis omnino albis, sequentibus duabus albo variegatis. Long. tota 8:5, alee 3:9, caudee 4:0. Hab. Paraguay (Az.); Bolivia, Chiquitos (d’ Orb.) ; rep. Argen- tin., Mendoza (Bridges). Mus. Brit., Derbiano, P. L.S. 5. MIMUS DORSALIS. Orpheus dorsalis, Lafr. et @Orb. Syn. Av.i. p.18; dOrb. Voy. p. 211, pl. 11. f. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 277. / 342 Saturate fuscescenti-rufus, superciliis albis: subtus albus: alis nigris, speculo alart magno et tectricum secundariorumque mar- ginibus angustis albis: caude rectricibus tribus extimis omnino albis, duabus sequentibus albo variis, ceteris nigris. Long. tota 10-0, alee 4:9, caudee 4:9. Hab. Interior of Bolivia ; prov. Cochabamba (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 2. Species rectricis extime parte basalt ngra. a. Supra unicolores. 6. Mimus LIvIDUS. | : Turdus lividus, Licht. Doubl. p. 39.—Turdus orpheus, Spix, Av. Bras.i. p. 71, pl. 71.—Mimus lividus, Max. Beitr. ui. p. 653 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 128. Supra pallide cinereus, superciliis et corpore subtus albis ; hypo- chondriis nigricante striatis: regione auriculart obscura: alis nigricantibus, albo anguste marginatis : rectricibus nigris, api- cibus angustis albis. Long. tota 10°5, alee 4°5, caudée 5:1. Hab. S.E. Brasil. Mus. P.L.S. 7. Mimus GUNDLACHII. Mimus gundlachi, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 470. Similis Mimo livido, sed caude rectricum apicibus albis angustt- oribus, rostro longiore, et corpore subtus magis puro. Hab. In ins. Cuba (Gundlach). (Non vidi.) 8. Mimus GiLvus. Turdus gilvus, Vieill.Ois. de ’ Am. Sept. i. p.15. El. 68 dis ; Nouv. Dict. xx. p. 296; Enc. Méth. p. 678. Supra fuscescenti-cinereus, superciliis et corpore anti albis : re- gione auriculart paulo obscuriore : alis nigricantibus, tectricibus albo terminatis, remigibus cinereo stricte marginatis : cauda nigricante, rectricum apicibus latis albis. Long. tota 10, alee 4°5, caudze 4°5. Hab. British Guiana (Schomd.). Mus. Brit., P.L.S. Obs. Affinis Mimo livido, sed supra fuscescentius cinereus et rec- tricum apicibus albis latioribus. 9. MImMuUS MELANOPTERUS. Mimus melanopterus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1845, p. 35. pl. 2.— Mimus colombianus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 82.— Mimus ?, Sclater, P.Z. 8. 1855, p. 145.—Mimus gilvus, Jard. Ann. N. H. ser. 2. xx. p- 329. Cano-cinereus : subtus albus: superciliis albis, regione oculare nigricante : alts nigricantibus, tectricibus albo terminatis, re- 343 migibus cinereo stricte limbatis: cauda nigricante, rectricum apicibus latis albis. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4:4, caudee 5:0. Hab. New Granada; Venezuela; Trinidad ; Tobago (Kirf). Mus. P. L. S. Obs. A Mimo gilvo, crassitie inferiore, rostro paulo longiore et rectricum apicibus albis minus latis vix distinguendus. 10. MiImvus GRACILIS. Mimus gracilis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 83; Sclater et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 5. Cano-cinereus ; subtus albus, alis et cauda nigerrimis : tectricum apicibus angustis albis; remigibus strictissime cinereo margi- natis ; rectricum apicibus latioribus et une utrinque extime pogonio intertore a basi albis. Long. tota 9°3, alee 4:2, caudee 5:0. Hab. Guatemala and Honduras (Salvin). Mus. P.L.S. Obs. Alis et cauda coracino-nigris primo visu distinctus. b. Supra nigro variegate. 11. Mimus MODULATOR. Mimus modulater, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 6. Supra cinerascenti-brunneus nigro flammulatus, uropygio rufes- cente : superciliis latis et longis albis: alis nigricantibus, albo et rufescenti-griseo extus marginatis: cauda nigra, rec- tricum lateralium tertia parte apicali alba: subtus albus, ventre et lateribus rufescente perfusis. Long. tota 11:0, alee 4:5, caudze 5°0, rostri a rictu 1°1. Hab. Southern Brazil, Rio Grande (Plant) ; Maldonado (Darw.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. Obs. Species crassitie majore et rostro brevi insignis, et facile distinguenda. 12. Mimus CALANDRIA. Calandria, Azara, no. 223.—Orpheus calandria, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 17; d’Orb. Voy. p. 206. pl. 10. f. 2.—Mimus orpheus, Darwin, Zool. Beagle, p. 60; Burm. Syst. Ueb. i. p. 126? Supra fusco-fuliginosus, plumis in disco obscurioribus, alarum tec- tricum et secundariorum apicibus sordide albescentibus ; pri- marus angustissime albo marginatis: flecura alba : superciliis latis et corpore subtus sordide albescentibus : cauda fusco-nigra, rectricibus quatuor extimis late albo terminatis (d’Orb.). Hab. Paraguay; La Plata, near Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres d Orb.). Obs. ‘\finor quam M. thenca (teste d’Orbigny), itaque cum Mimo modulatore, Gouldii, majore minime confundendus! Burmeister and other writers unite this species to M. modulator, which is certainly wrong. I have a Bolivian bird (agreeing with two specimens in the British Museum from the same country, collected 344 by Bridges) which I am inclined to refer to it. My example is very like M. modulator, but much smaller (Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°0, caudee 4°2), though the bill is of the same size. 13. Mimvus PATAGONICUWS. Orpheus patagonicus, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 16; d’Orb. Voy. p. 210, pl. 11. f. 2; Darwin, Voy. Beagle, p. 60. Fusco-cinereus supereiliis angustis albicantibus ; tergo parum rufescente : alis nigris, primariis anguste, secundaris et tec- tricibus late albo marginatis : rectricibus nigris, harwm latera- libus macula cuneiformi alba terminatis: subtus cinerascens, gula et abdomine medio albis : hypochondriis rufeseentibus fusco striolatis : gutture albo, macults minutes fuscis utrinque mar- ginato. . Hab. Patagonia; Rio Negro (@’ Ord. and Darwin). Mus. Brit. 14, Mimus THENCA. Turdus thenca, Molina, Saggio S. N. Chili, p. 213. — Orpheus thenca, d’Orb.Voy. p. 209.—Mimus thenca, Darw. Zool. Beagle, p.61. Supra fuscus, nigro paulum variegatus, pileo obscuriore: supereilus latis albis: alis ngris albo limbatis: subtus sordide cinereus, striga gulart utringue nigricante : hypochondris nigro flam- mulatis: eauda nigra: rectricum lateralium apicibus albis. Long. tota 10, alze 4°5, caudze 4°8. Hab. Chile, near Valparaiso (d’Orb.); sea-coast of Central and Northern Chile (Darwin). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. Obs. Gula utrinque striata conspicuus. 15. MimMuS LEUCOSPILUS. Mimus leucospilus, v. Pelzeln, Sitz. Ak. Wien, xxxi. p. 323.— Mimus peruvianus, Peale, B. of U.S. Expl. Exp. ed. 1. p. 8772. Sordide cinereus, plumis medialiter nigricantioribus, cinereo circumcinctis : lateribus capitis cervice et corpore subtus albis ; pectore cinereo lavato ; lateribus nigro striatis : alis nigricanti- brunneis extus albo limbatis : teetricibus dorso concoloribus sed albo limbatis, tectricum primariorum apicibus omnino albis maculam alarem conspicuam constituentibus : cauda supra nigricanti-cinerea, subtus pallidiore, rectrietbus omnibus nisi duabus intermedius albo late terminatis; rectrictbus duabus extimis item in utroque pogonio anguste albo marginatis : tectricibus alarum inferioribus albis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 10°5, alze 4°8, caudee 5:5. Hab. Coast of Ecuador, Bay of 8. Elena (Kellett). Mus. Brit., Vindobiensi. 16. Mimus SATURNINUS. Mimus saturninus, Licht. Doubl. p. 59; Max. Beitr. tii. 658 ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. mi. 127. O45 Fusco-cinereus, plumis medialiter nigricantioribus ; subtus sordide albido-cinerascens, hypochondriis rufescentibus fusco striolatis : vitta lata superciliart albicante, regione auricularit nigra : re- migibus totis fuscis, albido marginatis: rectricibus fusco-nigrt- cantibus, albo late terminatis. Long. tota 9°5, ale 1:1, caudee 4°7, rostri a rictu 1°05. Hab. Coast-region of Brazil; Para (Licht.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 17. MIMUS LONGICAUDATUS. Mimus longicaudatus, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 18-44, i. p. 280; Faun. Per. p. 190, pl. 15, £..2. Supra cinereo-fuscus, alis saturatioribus albo-vittatis ; cauda longa, fusca, apice alba: subtus albicans, pectore dorso con- colore: rostro nigro: pedibus fuscis. (Tsch.) Hab. Wood-region of EK. Peru (Tsch.). I have not seen this species. Tschudi says it resembles M. thenca in colouring, but differs in its longer, more compressed, and more incurved bill. 18. MIMUS TRIFASCIATUS. Orpheus trifasciatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 27; Darwin, Voy. Beagle, Zool. p. 62, pl. 16. Sordide fusco-nigricans, plumis medialiter obscurioribus, uropygio rufescente; alis albo trifasciatis : supercilis, regione auricu- lari et corpore subtus albis, vitta lata pectorali ex maculis confluentibus nigra: cauda nigricante, rectricibus lateralibus albo terminatis : rostro et pedibus nugris. - Long. tota 10°6, alee 5:0, caudee 5:5. Hab. Galapagos, Charles Island. Mus. Brit. 19. Mimus MELANOTIS. Orpheus melanotis, Gould, P. Z.S8. 1837, p. 27; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, p. 62, pl. 17. Sordide fusco-nigricans, plumis medialiter obscurioribus : alarum tectricibus et secundarws albo terminatis: loris et regione au- riculari nigris: supercilis albis: subtus sordide albus, hypo- chondriis nigricante striatis : cauda nigricante, rectricibus lateralibus omnibus albo terminatis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4:5, caudee 4°5. Hab. Galapagos, Chatham and James Islands. ) Mus. Brit. 20. MImMUS PARVULUS. Orpheus parvulus, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 27; Parvin, Zool. Beagle, p. 63, pl. 18. Precedenti similis, sed paulo minor: forsan viv distinctus. Hab. Galapagos, Albemarle Island. Mus. 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M & N. Hanhart,tmp- 353 November 8th, 1859. John Gould, Esq., V.P., in the Chair. Mr. Gould exhibited a specimen of a fine species of Pheasant from Siam, transmitted to him by Sir Robert Schomburgk. He stated that the oldest specific appellation for this bird, which had been called Diardigallus prelatus by the late Prince Bonaparte, and Di- ardigallus fasciolatus by Mr. Blyth, appeared to him to be crawfurdi. This name was established by Dr. J. EK. Gray in Griffith’s edition of Cuvier’s ‘Animal Kingdom’ upon a drawing of a bird obtained by Mr. Crawfurd in Siam many years ago, which Mr. Gould regarded as representing the female of this species. He proposed therefore to call this bird Diardigallus crawfurdi. Mr. Gould also exhibited a specimen of the Royal Spoonbill of Australia, Platalea regia. The Secretary exhibited eggs of Montigny’s Crane (Grus monti- gnesia), the Demoiselle Crane (Grus virgo), and the Common Crane (Grus cinerea), laid by birds in the Society’s Gardens ; and an eg of the Baleniceps rex, obtained by Mr. Petherick on the White Nile. The Rev. H. B. Tristram, F.L.S., exhibited some Mammals, Rep- tiles, Batrachians, and Fishes, collected by himself in the Algerian Sahara. Among the former were particularly noticed a Genet (Genetta bonapartii) and a small species of Hare (Lepus) from the oasis of Waregla. Dr. A. Giinther made some observations on the Reptiles, Batra- chians, and Fishes exhibited by Mr. Tristram, some of which he considered as undescribed, and promised a full account of them at a future meeting. The following papers were read :— 1. NotEs oN THE KranG oF THIBET (EQUUS KIANG). By Masor W. E. Hay, F.Z.S. (Mammalia, Pl. LX XIII.) In presenting a “ Kiang’”’ to the Zoological Society, I am only trying to merit a further continuance of the approbation so kind] and generously marked by the presentation to me of the Silver Medal in 1857, for the part I took in sending to England the Pheasants of the Himalaya. Together with the animal, the Society may probably expect some remarks from myself, as it has been in my possession for nearly two years. The animal I now make over to the Society was an exchange pre- sent with the Zong-pin, or Chinese Governor of Radok, a Hill-fort No. 406.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 304 situated beyond the Pang-Kéng Lake in Little Thibet. I had sent up from Kialla to procure two dogs of enormous size, evidently of the same breed as was described by Marco Polo as being of the size of donkeys. One of these, however, had died, and the person de- puted, thinking I should prefer a wild horse to a single dog, secured it for me. At that time it had never been haltered or handled. It was said to have been caught in a pit, and was much attached to a white Chimiarti ghoont, which alone it would follow. In December 1857 it was delivered to me in Kalla, but, the white ghoont being claimed by a Tibetan Lama, I purchased a Tibetan mule to keep it company. With this it did not agree, and the mule led anything but a happy life. The Kiang would, however, follow it, and was always restless unless it had some horse in company : of colours its preference was for white. It always showed the greatest aversion to pass over any of our vile wooden bridges ; and when its companion passed over the bridge, waited until it saw that the latter had gained the opposite bank, and then in a fearless manner it would plunge into the most rapid stream and usually make a uearly straight course across. In leaving Kalli to take it to Simla, it had to cross the river Biass, which was at that season a foaming torrent, It plunged in, but was carried down the stream several hundred yards, and landed upon an island. Here it remained quietly all night until the following morning, when I had to send the mule across to the island to tempt it to follow to the shore, which it did. It afterwards crossed a broad part of the river with great ease, where it was less rapid. The Sutlej was at this season so full and running at such a frightful pace, that I deemed it advisable to throw the animal and secure it upon a raft, which was with great difficulty got across. I then brought it into Simla, where it gradually became accustomed to see more people and (to it) strange sights. I kept it there during the whole of one rainy season, although rather doubtful of the result, since Adolph Schla- gintweit had given it as his decided opinion that the animal could not live under an elevation of 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. At Simla it was never a day sick. I thence had it marched to Ferozepore. On reaching the plains it seemed rather inclined to enjoy freedom, and I was obliged to have as many as four men to hold and lead it ; and even then on several occasions it got away, but was not very difficult to secure again. At Ferozepore I determined to get rid of the mule, which had thitherto accompanied it, and to take it down to Kurrachi by water in a boat purposely fitted up. When first I succeeded with much difficulty in getting it on board, the hollow sound of the boards beneath its feet so alarmed it that it cleared the side of the boat at one spring, carrying hatch and all withit. I then turfed the bottom, and by main force of many men pulled it again on board. It got on well to Kothree, when I again disembarked it, to its great delight. I then marched it across the country to Kurrachi; but, as I sent a strange horse with it, it was very uneasy, and, but for its old ser- vant having accompanied it, would have run back to Kothree. After keeping it a month at Kurrachi, I took a passage in the 309 barque ‘ Sumner,’ laying in a large quantity of hay, kirbee, and dried lucern, also grain. The latter was worm-eaten, and it was long before the animal could be induced to touch it. Our passage was very long, and, the captain’s people having unceremoniously used my provisions to feed their own stock, the Kiang was twice reduced to eat the straw with which the sailors’ beddings had been stuffed. This proves the hardiness of the animal. At first it refused to drink any tainted water; but before reaching St. Helena, where I had to lay in fresh supplies, it would eat or drink almost anything. The putting it on board the ship at Kurrachi was very diflicult, and the poor thing struggled so much, that it was painful to watch it as it was lowered into the boat to be conveyed to the ship. So anxious were my friends concerning its safety, that a lady and gentle- man who had allowed it to stand in their stables, and had given it many a tid bit of lucern, carrots, &c., came off in the boat with it. The sea was rough, and we had some miles to go to the ship; the shaking of the sails frightened it much. However, at last it was hoisted into the ship and placed in a house which had been built for it, and in which it continued until it reached England. It became exceedingly knowing, and balanced itself so beautifully that I never had to sling it unless the weather was very rough. In an actual gale the poor creature laboured dreadfully, and seemed grateful for attention. It became latterly extremely docile, and always knew me by my voice. In crossing the line the first time the weather was very trying, and for three or four days the Kiang suf- fered greatly from the extreme heat. Its urinary organs became disordered ; all the medicine I administered was a little sweet spirits of nitre. It recovered, and never afterwards during the whole voyage showed a symptom of sickness ; and with the exception of about three days it always had a voracious appetite, and consumed in four as much as I had laid in for six months. During the voyage the Kiang became twice in season for sexual intercourse. I may add that I never have allowed her to be placed with any stallion. That they do breed with the horse I was assured in Tibet, and that their produce was highly valued. It was also stated that the produce bred again, which is an interesting fact, and proves that the Kiang is more nearly allied to the horse than to the ass. Cunningham, in his ‘ Ladak and Surrounding Countries,’ describes its dentition, &c.; but I cannot agree with him that its neigh resembles that of a horse. I have often heard this one attempt a neigh, but it is a sad failure; at the same time it as little resem- bles the bray of an ass; indeed its mode of calling to its companions is, like itself, quite unique. I feel confident that this female Kiang may be got to breed with a horse, and perhaps she would give the _ preference to one of a white colour. I always found the Kiang very susceptible of kindness, its satis- faction being usually expressed by throwing its ears forwards ; it generally shows a sort of pettish displeasure when any one is leaving it after giving it bread, &c. I twice placed a native of India on its back, but this was after it had gone a march, when it was slightly 396 distressed by the heat of the weather: it took no notice whatever of its rider. I have been accustomed to have the animal groomed with a curry-comb. I should recommend this to be continued; it will keep the animal docile and improve its appearance. I was convinced of the Kiang’s specific difference from the wild Ass of Scinde, when I saw one of the latter at Delhi, intended for conveyance to England, and this made me persevere the more to get it home. I have often watched the herds of this animal on the plains or slopes of hills in Tibet ; one invariably stands sentry at from 100 to 200 yards from the flock, and when danger is at hand he commences walking leisurely towards his companions. They take the alarm, and as soon as he comes up, off all go together in a trot or canter as the case may require. I don’t know to what space to limit the range of the Kiang. Marco Polo speaks of Asses, but evidently alludes to those of Persia. Huc and Gabet evidently saw them towards Lassa; and I have been told that they are to be met with on all the level country between Ladak and Lassa, or in the valleys between the various ranges. I have seen them only north of the great Himalayan ranges, first upon the Rupcher plains and in the neighbourhood of the Salt Lakes, often in company with the Ovis ammon or “ Nyan.” I have also seen them north of the Pang-Kong lake. ‘The passes from Hindustan into Tibet are never open before June, when I have seen flocks of the Kiang feeding almost entirely on the roots of a species of Arte- misia, or Worm-wood. Their natural enemies besides man seemed to be a white panther, which lurks amongst the rocks; and a large species of wolf. I have found their skeletons on the melting of the snow. Beyond the Pang-Kong lake I was informed that in winter many of them were to be seen in the Shap-Yok valley, in company with wild Yaks or Dong, also the ‘‘ Nyan” (Ovis ammon), and the “ Sis” or Tibetan Antelope (Panthalops hodgsoni). A few tamarisk bushes seem then to support them, and at the end of winter all these animals are spoken of as being like walking skeletons. I have sometimes approached flocks of Kiang quite close, at other times could not get within a mile of them. On one occasion two Kiangs followed a pony on which I had a servant mounted,—in fact, kept so close that my servant feared they were going to attack him. I never could ascertain satisfactorily when the Kiang breeds ; but I think it must bring forth in winter, for I have seen a mare shot with a young one in the womb, nearly mature, in August ; and in the many flocks I have met with running wild I never perceived a foal that I should have taken to be of less than six months old. When very young, the hair of the foal has the appearance of wool. The - winter coat of the adult is also very thick and curly, and is of darker colour than its summer coat. It appears to shed its winter coat in May. The Kiang may be said to inhabit plains and undulating hills, at from 15,000 to 16,500 feet above the sea; if found in the steeper 397 hills, they have been driven there. It is most wonderful to see the rapidity with which they can ascend mountains, and although they descend quickly I never saw one lose its footing. After they have been pursued for some time on the hills and driven on to the plains, they will frequently make a charge past you at about 100 yards distance in preference to ascending ‘the steep parts again, thus show- ing their preference for level ground. ‘They are almost always seen in the neighbourhood of lakes or ponds in the unfrequented spots which are usually beyond the sportsman’s beat. 2. ON THE SeaA-Lions, orn LOBOS MARINOS OF THE SPANIARDS, ON THE Coast oF CALIFORNIA. By Dr. J. BE. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.E.S. &e. (Mammalia, Pl. LX XII.) Mr. John H. Gurney has kindly presented to the British Museum, along with a very interesting series of Crustacea, and the skins of some birds and animals from California, two skulls of Seals from that coast. One is the skull of a young drctocephalus, belonging to a skin which Mr. Gurney gave to the Museum a year or more ago ; and the other is a very fine adult skull of that genus, which is la- belled— “Skull and tongue bones of the Californian Sea-Lion (Spanish Lobo marino) taken near Monterey.—A. 8. Taylor, July 1858.” This skull is as large as, and very like in external appearance to, the skull of the adult Otaria leonina, or Southern Sea-bear of the southern part of the west coast of America, which we have in the British Museum from the coast of Chill. These two large skulls are easily distinguished, and, when they are more closely examined, prove to belong to two different genera. The Californian skull has the short flat palate, contracted behind, of the genus Arctocephalus, and the other the very long deeply concave palate, nearly as wide behind as in front, of the genus Otaria. It also has the high nose, with a nearly horizontal facial line over the nose, of the former genus, instead of the low nose shelving towards the edge of the upper jaw of the Ofaria or Sea-lion of Chili. The adult skull is more than double the size of the adult skulls of the other species of Arctocephali which we have in the Museum Col- lection, and shows the existence of a Seal of a very large size in these seas,—as large as the Sea-lion of Chil. It isnot improbable that the skin sent some time ago, and the skull belonging to it now sent, may be the young of this species ; though the skin is so hike that of Arctocephalus nigrescens, that we were in- duced to regard it, before we received the skull, as a second specimen of that species. But the skull of the original specimen of that Seal shows that the adult animal and skull are not nearly half the size of the animal and skull of the Lobo marino of Monterey. 358 I may mention that we have well-developed adult skulls of the following species, which have been compared with the one here de- scribed :— Arctocephalus delalandii, from the Cape, figured Proc. Zool. Soc- 185%, t. 69. Arctocephalus lobatus, from Australia. Arctocephalus gillespii, from California, J. c. t. 70. Arctocephalus ursinus, from Behring’s Straits, 7. c. t. 68. Arctocephalus nigrescens, from Falkland Islands ? The only one that nearly approaches it in size is that of the very old Arctocephalus lobatus from Australia; but this skull is at once known from that of the Monterey Sea-lion by having a rather deeply concave palate, much narrowed behind, and with a semicircular edge to the hinder palatine opening ; while in the Monterey Sea-lion the palate is nearly flat, slightly concave in front, and not so contracted behind, and with a transverse hinder margin to the posterior opening. The Monterey species is very distinct from A. gillespii, also from California, which, beside being very much smaller, not more than one- third of the size, has a much narrower skull with a longer face, and a very different form to the hinder palatine opening. I refer the species to the third section, as defined in my previous paper in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1859, p. 109, and propose to designate it by the name of ARCTOCEPHALUS MONTERIENSIS. (Pl. LXXII., skull.) Face rather short ; palate rather concave in front, nearly flat behind, the hinder aperture rather contracted, with a nearly straight transverse hinder edge. Teeth large ; the lower jaw rather elon- ate. Hab. California (Monterey). Called Lobo marino by the Spa- niards. If the skin sent last year by Mr. Taylor to Mr. Gurney, and by that gentleman presented to the Museum, is the young of this species, the young animal is blackish, silvered by the short white tips to the short black hairs; those on the nape and sides of the hinder part of the body having longer white tips, making those parts whiter and more silvery. The under fur is very abundant, reaching nearly to the end of the hair. The end of the nose and sides of the face are whitish. The whiskers are elongate, rigid, smooth and white. The hind feet are elongate, with rather long flaps to the toes. The skull is very small for the size of the skin, and I should have doubted its belonging to the skin if it were not accompanied by the following label: “ Skull of the Fur-Seal I sent last year. It is very imperfect, from my forgetting where I had put it; but it must do until acci- dent throws another in the way; the other bones were lost.— ASebe It is the skull of quite a young animal, with what I am induced to believe are its milk teeth, and, like the young skulls of most of the species of this genus, is very unlike the adult form. It also Sina : TIYY T CUCMULE WT C7 00TT REE era eee . “ . . . cn NS Par ns ne — 309 differs from the adult one in the form of the hinder opening of the palate, which is very large and gradually contracted to an angle in front of the mouth. I am not aware that the form of this part is changed by the age of the specimen. It may be the case in this species, but it is not so in the only species with which I have the opportunity of comparing it, that is to say, in a series of skulls of different ages from the young to the adult, of a Seal of the allied genus Otaria (O. leonina). The Monterey Seal may be the “ Lion Marin de la Californie” of Choris, ‘ Voy. Pittoresque,’ t. 11, from which Phoca californiana of Fischer’s ‘ Synopsis Mammalium,’ p. 231, the Otaria californiana of Lesson, have been derived ; but the accounts of the species are so very slight, that there is nothing but the habitat and the name to lead one ; and we already have two very distinct species of Sea Lions— Arctocephalus monteriensis and A. gillespii—tfrom California. The skull of the Behring Straits Sea-Bear is so distinct from that of the other species, that I am induced to suggest that it should be regarded as a distinct genus from the drctocephalt of F. Cuvier. The three genera may be thus defined. I. CALLORHINUS. The face short, forehead convex, regularly rounded from the end of the nasal bone to the middle of the vertex ; the nasal opening is small; the palate rather concave, contracted behind, short, nearly reaching the middle of the zygomatic arch. Lower jaw short, thick, flattened, expanded beneath just in front of the condyle. 1. CALLORHINUS URSINUS. Arctocephalus ursinus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, pl. 68. p. 108.2 Il. ARCTOCEPHALUS. The face rather elongate ; the forehead flattened and nearly horizontal from the nasal bone to the vertex ; the palate rather con- cave, contracted behind, short, not reaching beyond the middle of the zygomatic arch ; the nose aperture large, high; the lower jaws moderate, with a crest-like ridge behind beneath just in front of the condyle. The crest-like process on the hinder part of the under edge of the large jaw differs rather in shape and development in the different spe- cies ; but it nowhere resembles the flat expanded disk found in a similar situation in the lower jaw of the preceding genus. In my former paper I divided this subgenus into two sections, separating 4. hookert from the other species ; but I had only young or half-grown specimens of the skulls of this species ; and, since I have obtained the young skull from California, I am induced to be- lieve the slight convexity of the forehead and the slenderness of the lower jaw to be dependent on the age of the specimen, and that most probably the forehead of the adult animal becomes flatter, and the lower jaw stronger, as the animal increases in age. 360 The skulls which we have may be divided, according to the form of the hinder edge of the palate, thus :— * The hinder edge of the palate, transversely truncated. 1. Arctocephalus monteriensis, pl, 72. Skull broad. California. 2. Arctocephalus hookerv. Skull narrow, elongate. Falkland Islands and Cape Horn. ** The hinder edge of the palate slightly arched, hemispherical. 3. Arctocephalus lobatus. Skull broad. Australia (Port Essington). 4. Arctocephalus nigrescens. Skull broad. Falkland Islands ? **k* The hinder edge of the palate contracted, ovate. 5. Arctocephalus gillespu, antea p. 110, pl. 70. The skull elongate, narrow. California. 6. Arctocephalus delalandii, antea p. 107, pl. 69. Skull short and broad. Cape of Good Hope. #**E The palate very short, hind edge contracted, acute, angular. 7. The young skull from California above noticed. The skull of 4. hookert, m the concavity and comparative greater width of the palate behind, and in the form of the hinder palatine opening, most resembles that of the genus Otaria; but it is very distinct from the skulls of that genus, which may be thus defined. III. Orarta. Face short, shelving ; the nose aperture large, oblong ; the fore- head flat, shelving from the edge of the nose-bone to the middle of the vertex; the palate very concave, decurved deeper with age, scarcely contracted behind; ear elongated, extending nearly to the articulation of the lower jaw; the lower jaw with a crest-like ridge on the inner side of the hinder part, just in front of the condyle. There is doubtless a great difference in the development of the skull in the male and female Seals, but unfortunately the sex of the specimens from which the skulls have been derived is not marked. In the only species where I have been able to observe this fact, 361 almost the only difference was in the size and in the strength of the marking on the skull, and in the size of the canine teeth. The full number of the teeth of these animals is developed early in life; and the canines of the second set are gradually developed, the roots being far in the socket, and protruded as the jaw enlarges. The changes in the form of the palate and of the distance between the teeth of the same set in the younger and older skull of the same species after they have obtained their full set of teeth is very great, quite as much as the difference in the external form of the skull pro- duced by the development of the occipital ridges, &c. The following are the measurements of the different skulls in inches and eighths :— joe) 2 iloohh Wee) tes dente eitealia ee leo| utter nwa sins aces ee Se 8! gale gal See es eis Bee Fe EB °o i ° eh = — Poet ea aa! lees oO oO — Spain names 7 ante Ges << B 2 Cue fo) o © hee. S n ct: ® a e = : GPR ss : 08 Sowers VS et GEO was : a Chiesa eeteteass oe ° n ° : f=) = : Wirolgte our gets e e . mM : Satay ai? am : : : : = : SER Seam sat pie | oo eT GS eS | Callorhinus ursinus, On Oi SS, Se adult. = — Ss Sie re Ar crocepnalusimonte= Re eu! on May eS riensis, adult. oF. 83 & SS | Aretocephalus hookeri, See eh WS toh GSES half-grown. = ss 2 Se SP OS) ee | Arctocephalus lobatus, Se EN eS) very old. Se ieee eS | Arctocephalus. nigres- Wo San SO SS Le it ao oO MO me : 4 Arctocephalus gillespii. ae Syn ek Ca) = SS OT. SS. S| Arctocephalus, dela- / BS tk | landit. 7 sce ee Se Sl arcrocephalus, young Neo es ee aN he from California. Canes = = e oO C2) aK) Ss) . ; Otaria leonina, aged. Seo aoe TS. 8 = ee OC oe |! LT Ofaria leonina, half- a a oe nese grown. 362 3. On A Series oF BirDS COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF JALAPA, 1N SouTHERN Mexico. By Puiuie LuTLey ScuaTER, M.A., F.L.S., SecReETARY TO THE SOCIETY. Mr. J. H. Gurney has kindly placed in my hands for examina- tion a series of about 850 skins of birds collected by Senor Raphael Montes de Oca in the vicinity of Jalapa in the State of Vera Cruz. The greater number of the species have already occurred in M. Sallé’s and other collections formed in the same country, which I have from time to time brought before the notice of the Society *; but there are several amongst them which have not been obtained by former collectors, and others of rare occurrence. The following is a list of all the species, with remarks upon such as are new or rare in each family. Fam. TurRDID&. 1. Turdus infuscatus, Lafr. 7. Catharus melpomene (Cab.). De migratorius, Linn. 8. Melanotis cerulescens (Sw.). 3. —— grayu, Bp. 9. Galeoscoptes carolinensis 4. assimilis, Cab. (Linn. ). D. pinicola, Sclater. 10. Harporhynchus longirostris, 6 mustelinus, Gm. w. These birds have all occurred in previous collections from this State, with the exception of Turdus pinicola and Turdus infuscatus. The former of these I described in my ‘Synopsis of American Thrushes,” read before the Society in June last (see antea, p. 334), from M. de Oca’s specimens, which are now in my collection. M. de Oca informed me that he met with but a single pair of this species on the high land among the pines, whence I named it pinicola. The Mexican representative of our Blackbird (Turdus infuscatus), I have until lately only seen in collections from Guatemala. The present series contained five males and a single female—so that bird would appear not to be rare in these parts. M. Boucard has re- cently obtained specimens, as noted below, in the State of Oaxaca. Fam. CincLip2. 11. Cinclus mexicanus, Sw. A single specimen of this Dipper was in the collection. Fam. SYLVIIDz. 12. Stala wilsoni, Sw. 14. Regulus calendula. 13. Sialia mexicana, Sw. Fam. CERTHIID. 15. Certhia mexicana, Reichb. * See P. Z. S. 1856, p. 283; 1857, pp. 81, 201,210, 226; and 1858, p. 294. 363 Fam. TRoGLODYTIDA. 16. Troglodytes aédon,Vieill.? 19. Campylorhynchus megato- 17. Thryothorus maculipec- pterus (Lafr.). tus, Lafr. 20. zonatus (Less. ). 18. Cyphorinus prostheleu- 21. capistratus (Less.). cus, Sclater. Fam. Parip2&. 22. Sitta carolinensis, Lath. 25. Polioptila cerulea (Linn.). 23. pygmea, Vig. 26. mexicana (Bp.). 24. Parus meridionalis, Scl. The occurrence of Sitta pygmea, a Californian species, now noticed for the first time on this side of Mexico, is curious. I have no northern specimens of Siééa carolinensis ; but there is considerable difference in the dimensions of these skins from Jalapa and one from Oaxaca, collected by M. Boucard :— ex Jalapa. ex Oaxaca. OME OlA ses 3 ce ees wares 4:9 4°6 MG debi s chaos OO 3°35 GAWD ae tk os os 1°85 1:70 TOStit a TICLU .- 404.2. -2 0°79 0°70 taEST Seas 2 Oh O70 0°65 Fam. MNIoTILTID. 27. Siurus noveboracensis (Gm.). 37. Dendreeca superciliosa. 28. ludovicianus, Bp. 38. olivacea. 29. Mniotilta varia (Linn.). 39. icterocephala. 30. Geothlypis trichas (Linn.). 40. estiva. 3l. macgillivrai (Aud.). 41. maculosa. 32. Helmitheros vermivorus. 42. Myiodioctes pusillus. 33. Helminthophaga rubrica- 43. Cardellina rubra (Sw.). pilla. 44. Basileuterus rubrifrons. 34. Dendreca virens (Gm.). 45. Huthlypis lacrymosa, Cab. 35. coronata (Linn.). 46. Setophaga miniata (Sw.). 36. blackburnie (Gm.). Of these Wood-warblers, Geothlypis macgillivrau, Helmitheros vermivorus, Dendreca icterocephala, and D. maculosa have not hitherto been noticed as occurring in collections from Vera Cruz. Fam. VIREONID&. 47. Vireosylvia olivacea(Linn.). 50. Cyclorhis flaviventris, Lafr. 48. Vireo solitarius (Wils.). 51. Icteria velasquezi, Bp. 49. Vireolanius melitophrys, Bp. The bill of the Mexican Icterteé is always thicker than in N. Ame- rican birds, and white at the base of the lower mandible. I have never yet seen specimens of the true N. American Icteria viridis from Mexico. 364 Fam. HiruNDINID#. 52. Progne dominicensis(Gm.). 54. Cotyle fulvipennis, sp. nov. 53. Petrochelidon bicolor (Vieill.). COTYLE FULVIPENNIS, Sp. nov. | Murino-brunnea, alis caudaque obscurioribus, alarum tectricibus omnibus et secundariis fulvescenti-rufo extus late marginatis, dorso imo eodem colore vix tincto: subtus sordide alba, la- teraliter obscurior, ventre medio crissoque pure albis: gutture et pectore toto et campterio alarum colore fulvescenti-rufo per- fusis: rostro nigro: pedibus pallide brunnecs. Long. tota 4°2, alee 3°7, caudze 1°7. This pretty little Cotyle is most nearly allied to C. flavigastra of S. America, though considerably smaller in size. The edgings of the wings, which in the latter species are white, are here of a pale tawny rufous, whence I have called it fulvipennis; and the same colour pervades the neck, breast, and bend of the wings below. The belly is also white instead of being yellow. The only other Cotyie I consider as undoubtedly Mexican is Cotyle serripennis ; for | cannot help thinking that the single ex- ample of C. favigastra, which occurred in M. Botteri’s collection (mentioned in P. Z. 8.1857, p. 211), must have been a South Ame- rican skin introduced by accident. Fam. AMPELIDA. 55. Ptilogonys cinereus (Sw.). 57. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). 56. Myiadestes obscurus (Latfr.). Fam. C@REBID. 58. Certhiola mexicana, Scl. 59. Diglossa baritula, Wag). Fam. TANAGRIDZ. 60. Chlorophonia occipitals. 70. Phenicothraupis rubi- 61. Huphonia elegantissima. coides (Lafr.). 62. hirundinacea, Bp. 71. Buarremon albinuchus 63. Tanagra abbas, Less. (d’Orb. & Latr.). 64. diaconus, Less. 72. brunneinuchus(Lafr.). 65. Ramphocelus sanguino- 73. Chlorospingus ophthalmicus lentus, Less. (Du Bus). 66. Pyranga estiva (Linn.). 74. Saltator atriceps, Less. 67. hepatica, Sw. 7). magnoides, Lafr. erythromelena, Licht. 76. 69. Pyranga bidentata (Sw.). All these Tanagers have already been noticed as either in M. Sallé’s or M. Botteri’s collections from Vera Cruz. A curious variety of Buarremon albinuchus has the throat nearly of a crimson colour. grandis (Licht.). 365 Fam, FRINGILLIDA. 77. Cardinals virginianus, Bp. 86. Chameospiza torquata 78. Hedymeles ludovicianus. (Du Bus). ao. melanocephalus (Sw.). 87. Passerculus lincolni, Aud. 80. Coccothraustes abeillii, 88. Spizella socialis (Wils.). Less. 89. Junco cinereus (Sw.). 8l. Guiraca cerulea (Linn.). 90. Hemophila rufescens, Sw. 82. parellina (Bp.). 91. Chrysomitris mexicana, Sw. 83. Spiza versicolor, Bp. 92. notata, Du Bus. 84. Volatinia jacarina (Linn.). 93. Spermophila moreleti, Bp. 85. Phonipara pusilla (Sw.). 94. Loxia mexicana, Strickl. Two Finches occur in this list which I have not myself previously observed in Mexican collections. The beautiful Mexican Grosbeak (Coccothraustes abeillii), a close ally of the North American Cocco- thraustes vespertinus, was only known to me from Guatemalan spe- cimens transmitted by Mr. Skinner*. The Cross-bill I refer to Lovia mexicana, described by Strickland from examples collected near the city of Mexico (Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 43 (note)). I have not the means of comparing it with other American species. Fam. IctErRIp&. 95. Hyphantes baltimorensis. 101. Cassiculus prevosti(Less. ). 96. Bananivorusafinis(Lawr.). 102. Sturnella hippocrepis? 97. Icterus gularis (Wagl.). 103. Molothrus pecoris ? 98. melanocephalus. 104. eneus (Wagl.). 99. Cacicus montezume (Less.). 105. Quiscalus sumichrasti, de 100. Ageleus gubernator. Sauss. M. de Oca’s collection contained one example of Quiscalus sumi- chrasti, lately described by M. H. de Saussure (Rev. Zool. 1859, p. 19). The same bird was in M. Sallé’s first collection (Quiscalus, sp. 137, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 300), and I have also examples collected by Botteri. Fam. Corvip&. 106. Psilorhinus morio(Wagl.). 110. Cyanocorax unicolor, 107. Cyanocorax. luxuosus. Du Bus. 108. -—— ultramarinus. Ti. nanus, Du Bus. 109. ornatus. es eas coronatus, Sw. Fam. DENDROCOLAPTIDE. 113. Picolaptes affinis (Sw.). 115. Stttasomus sylvioides, Laf. 114. Dendrornis erythropygia, 116. Sclerurus mexicanus, Sel. Sp. nov. 117. Anabates rubiginosus, Scl. The Dendrornis erythropygia has occurred in several previous collections, but I have hitherto confounded it with D. triangularis of New Granada, from which it appears truly distinct. * See ‘Ibis,’ 1859, p. 19. 366 DENDRORNIS ERYTHROPYGIA, Sp. NOV. Dendrornis triangularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 289, nec Lafr. Supra obscure olivacea, secundaris extus, uropygio toto et cauda rubiginoso-rufis ; capite striis, dorso medio maculis ovalibus ochracescenti-albidis distincte notato: subtus obscure olivacea, guttis subtriangularibus pallide ochracescenti-albidis, in gula erebrioribus, et totas fere plumas occupantibus notata: rostri albicantis parte culminalt nigricanti-cornea : pedibus nigris. Long. tota 9:0, alee 4°6, caudee 4°0, rostri a rictu 1°45. Hab. In Stat. Veree Crucis et Oaxaca reipubl. Mexicanee (Sallé et Boucard). Mus. P.L.8. Obs. Affinis Dendrornithi triangulari ex Nova Granada, sed se- cundariis extus et uropygio omnino rufis, guttis interscapulii ova- libus et gutture fere toto ochracescente facile distinguenda. Fam. ForRMICARIID. 118. Thamnophilus doliatus 119. Grallaria guatemalensis, (Linn.). Prévost. Fam. TYRANNIDZ. 120. Scaphorhynchus mexicanus, Lafr. 121. Pitangus derbianus, Kp. 122. Tyrannus melancholicus (Vieill.). 123. Contopus borealis (Sw.). 124. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud). 125. Mytodynastes lutewentris, Sclater. 126. Pyrocephalus mexicanus, Sclater. 127. Sayornis pallida (Sw.). 128. Mitrephorus pheocercus, Sclater. 129. Mionectes assimilis, Sclater. 130. Legatus variegatus, Sclater. 131. Myiarchus lawrencii (Cass.). i32 JSuscus (Gm.). 133. Empidonax flaviventris, Baird. 134. Attila citreopygius, Bp. Fam. CoTINnGID&. 135. Tityra personata (Jard. & Selb.). 136. Platypsaris affinis, Elliot. 137. Pachyrhamphus major, Cab. Numerous specimens of a rosy-breasted Becard are in the collec- tion, which seem all referable to the light-backed bird lately distin- guished by Mr. Elliot as Platypsaris affinis (Ibis, 1859, p. 394. pl. 13). On the other hand, specimens from Oaxaca and Central America belong to the dark-backed variety, which he considers to be the true P. aglaie. There is certainly no difference in size between 367 some individuals of the two supposed species, for I have examined skins of P. afinis quite as large as those of P. aglaie. Fam. Momortipz. 138. Momotus ceruleiceps, Gould. Fam. CAPRIMULGID. 139. Nyctidromus americanus? 140. Antrostomus vociferus? Fam. TROGONID. 141. Trogon caligatus, Gould. 143. Trogon mexicanus, Sw. 142. melanocephalus,Gld. 144. puella, Gould. Fam. ALCEDINID&. 145. Ceryle alcyon (Linn. ). 146. Ceryle americana (Gm.). Fam. TROCHILIDS. 147. Phaéthornis adolphi, 154. Delattria rhami (Less.). Gould. 155. clemencie (Less.). 148. Lampornis prevosti 156. Cyanomyia cyanocephala. (Boure. & Muls.). 157. Amazilius arsinoé (Less.). 149. Campylopterus pampa 158. ocai, Gould. (Less.). 159. Sporadinus caniveti 150. delattrii (Less.). (Less.). 151. Petasophora thalassina 160. Circe latirostris (Sw.). (Sw.). 161. Trochilus colubris, Linn. 152. Celigena fulgens (Sw.). 162. Tryphena heloise (Less. 153. Delattria henrici (Less.). et Del.). The only Humming-bird in this collection not previously well known as an inhabitant of Mexico was Amazilius ocai, described from M. de Oca’s specimens by Mr. Gould in the ‘ Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History’ for August last (ser. 3, vol. iv. p. 96). Fam. Picip2@. 163. Dryocopus scapularis ( Vig.). 168. Chloronerpes oleagineus 164. guatemalensis (Licht.). (Hartl.). 169. Centurus santacruzi(Bp.). 165. Colaptes mexicanus (Sw.). 170. Picus scalaris, Wag]. 166. Melanerpes formicivorus 171. varius, Linn. » (Sw.). 172. jardini, Malh. 167. Chloronerpes yucata- 173. stricklandiu, Malh. nensis (Cabot). Picus stricklandi is the same bird as in Sallé’s first collection I called P. cancellatus upon Prince Bonaparte’s authority. It is de- scribed by M. Malherbe in the ‘ Revue Zoologique’ for 1845 (p. 375). There was but one specimen in M. de Oca’s collection. 368 Fam. RHAMPHASTID. 174. Rhamphastos carinatus, 175. Aulacorhamphus prasinus, Sw. Gould. Fam. Psitracip&. 176. Ara pachyrhyncha (Sw.). 177. Conurus holochlorus, Scl. Neither of these Parrots have occurred in previous collections from Vera Cruz. The Conurus I described from M. de Oca’s spe- cimens in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for July last (ser. 3, vol. iv. p. 224). Fam. CucuLip&. 178. Piaya thermophila, sp. nov. 180. Dromococcyx mexicanus, 179. Crotophaga sulcirostris, p- Sw. 181. Geococcyx affinis, Hart). Piaya thermophila is the common species of the tierra caliente, which I have hitherto referred to Swainson’s Cuculus mexicanus. Having now received the true P. mexicana (with the tail-feathers red, as described by Swainson: see below, p. 388), I propose to call this bird PIAYA THERMOPHILA. Saturate castanea, subtus cinerea, gutture pallide cinnamomeo- rufescente, ventre imo crissoque nigricantibus : caude rectri- cibus subtus unicolori-nigricantibus, lateralibus in pogonio ex- teriore et medius duabus in utroque pogonio rufescentibus, omnibus albo late terminatis : rostri plumber culmine et apice toto flavo-virentibus : pedibus nigris. Long. tota 17°0, alee 6°2, caudee 10°8. Hab. In terra calida reipublicee Mexicanee et in Guatemala. Mus. P.L.S. Fam. FaLconip2. 182. Polyborus tharus (Mol.). 187. Asturina nitida. 183. Herpetotheres cachinnans 188. magnirostris. (Linn.). 189. Micrastur xanthothorax 184. Buteo borealis (Gm.). (Temm.) ? 185. erythronotus (Lafr. 190. Tinnunculus sparverius. et d’Orb.). 191. Ictinia plumbea. 186. Asturina albifrons. 192. Hypotriorchis femoralis. Fam. Srricip#. 193. Syrnium virgatum. 194. Pholeoptynx hypogea. Fam. COoLUMBID&. 195. Geotrygon montana. 197. Zenaida leucoptera. 196. albifactes,G. R. Gr. 198. Leptoptila albifrons. 369 199. Zenaidura carolinensis. 202. Columba fasciata. 200. Chamepelia passerina. 203. flavirostris. 201. rufipennis. Fam. CRACID&. 204. Penelope purpurascens. 205. Ortalida vetula. Fam. Perpicip. 206. Dendrortyx barbatus. 208. Odontophorus thoracicus. 207. Ortyx pectoralis. Fam. TINAMID&. 209. Tinamus saliai, Bp. GRALLE. : 210. Gallinago wilsoni. 216. Butorides virescens. 211. Charadrius virginicus. 217. Garzetta candidissima. 212. Mogialites vociferus. 218. Herodias eyretta. 213. Calidris arenaria. 219. Nycticoraxr gardent. 214. Cancroma cochlearia. 220. Fulica americana. 215. Botaurus lentiginosus. NATATORES. 221. Anas maxima, Gosse. 224. Lophodytes cucullatus. 222. Querquedula carolinensis. 225. Podiceps dominicus. 223. Fuligula affinis. 226. Plotus anhinga. Anas maxima of Gosse is, no doubt, the bird referred to in Prof. Baird’s Report on N. American Ornithology (p. 774) as the large variety of the Mallard. Fuligula affinis has already been noticed as far south as Guatemala (Salvin, in ‘ Ibis,’ 1859, p. 231), though not hitherto brought from Mexico. 4. List oF BIRDS COLLECTED BY M. A. BovucarD IN THE STATE or OAXACA IN SOUTH-WESTERN Mexico, with Descrip- tions oF New Srecies. By Puinie Luruey Scuater, M.A.., SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. M. Sallé having kindly submitted to my examination several col ilections of birds formed by his correspondent M. Adolphe Boucard in various parts of the State of Oaxaca iz Southern Mexico during the past eighteen months, I am induced to bring before the Society a list of the species included in them, together with the localities in which they were obtained, at the same time giving characters of no less than twelve amongst them, which, as far as I have been able to ascertain, are hitherto undescribed. Science is greatly indebted to No. 407.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 370 M. Boucard for the energetic way in which he has worked out the ornithology of Southern Mexico; and, taking his discoveries in con- nexion with those of M. Sallé himself, Signor Botteri, and Sefor R. M. de Oca, we may soon hope to attain a tolerably perfect know- ledge of the aspect of the Avi-fauna of this region. Totontepec, Teotalcingo, Choapam, &c., are villages of more or less importance, as M. Sallé informs me, situated in the mountains of Oaxaca, in the district of Villa Alta. Playa Vicente is a rancheria consisting of a group of cabins of bamboo, situated on the confines of the three States of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Tehuantepec on the borders of the Rio Tesechoacan at the foot of the mountains of Oaxaca in the hot country (tierra caliente). ere the river first becomes navigable; and at this point, during the war of Indepen- dence, the cochineals of Oaxaca destined for Kurope were embarked for transportation to Alvarado, the port on the Gulf of Mexico. Fam. Turpip&. 1. CATHARUS MELPOMENE, Cab. Totontepec (Jan.). 2. CATHARUS OCCIDENTALIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1859, p. 323. Totontepec (Jan.). Described, from the specimens contained in this collection, in my Review of the Turdide@ (anted, p. 321), where the synonymy and characters of all the species of this family are given. 3. Turpus inFruscatus, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 41. Totontepec (Jan.). 4. TurpDUS GRAyYII, Bp. Choapam and Villa Alta. 5. Turpus asstmiuis, Cab. Juquila and Teotalcingo. Rather darker in plumage than speci- mens from Jalapa, and so resembling somewhat the Guatemalan 7’. leucauchen. ges of this bird from Oaxaca are like pale varieties of those of our Blackbird (Turdus merula), being of a pale-greenish white, spotted and freckled with two shades of rufous. They mea- sure 1°] by 0°75. 6. CALEOSCOPTES CAROLINENSIS (Linn.). Totontepec and Playa Vicente. 7. MELANOTIS CERULESCENS (Sw.); anfed, p. 337. Talea, Juquila, Villa Alta (Jan.), and Totontepec (Feb.). 8. HarpoRHYNCHUS CURVIROSTRIS (Sw.); P.Z.S.1859, p. 339. Oaxaca. Females are not so much variegated on the breast. The bird seems to agree with Eastern Mexican specimens. 371 Fam. SyLv1p#. 9. SIALIA WILSON], Sw. Juquila. 10. REGULUS CALENDULA (Limn.). Talea. Fam. TROGLODYTID2. cine CAMPYLORHYNCHUS MEGALOPTERUS (Lafr.) ; P.Z.S. 1857, p- 298. Llano verde. Sexes alike. ie 12. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS CAPISTRATUS (Less. ). Juquila and Playa Vicente. < et @ similes. x 13. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS JOCOSUS, sp. nov. Sordide brunneus, capite colloque nigricantioribus, superciliis latis et maculis interscapuli tectricumque alarium triangulari- bus albis ; alis caudaque nigricanti-fuscis, remigum rectricumque pogonis externis maculis quadrangularibus sordide albis regu- lariter transvittatis ; cauda fusco terminata, et nisi in rectri- cibus mediis fascia subapicali lata alba: subtus albus, maculis rotundis nigris frequenter aspersus, gula immaculata : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°6, alee 2°8, caudee 2:4, rostri a rictu 1°1, tarsi 0:9. fab. In statu Oaxaca reipubl. Mexican. Mus. P.L.S. Two specimens of this apparently new species of Campylorhynchus were procured by M. Boucard at Oaxaca in March 1858. They are of different sexes, but present no outward distinctions. The bird is most nearly allied to C. brunneicapillus of Northern Mexico, but differs in its smaller size, shorter wings, and the shape of the spots below, which are rounded instead of being elongated. The upper surfaces of the two species are not dissimilar. 14, SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (Say): Baird, Report, p. 3. Oaxaca (May). <¢ et 9. 15. THRYOTHORUS FELIX, Sp. nov. Murino-fuscus, pileo frontem versus rufo: loris et capitis latert- bus albo nigroque striatis : subtus cinnamomeo-rufescens, ventre medio pallidiore, gutture allo; crisso nigro transvittato : cauda pallide murina, nigricante regulariter transfasciata : rostro nigricanti-plumbeo, tomius et apice pallidis: pedibus plumbers. Long. tota 5° 0, alee 2°2, caudze 2°1. Hab. In statu Oaxaca, reipubl. Mexicanee. A specimen of this Thryothorus was obtained by M. Boucard at Juquila in May last. It is something like 7. rufalbus (Lafr.), but 372 is smaller in size, and has no bars on the wings (these being edged outwardly like the back, only slightly more rufescent in tinge), and is pale rufous below instead of white. It seems to be distinct from any described species. 16. THRYOTHORUS MACULIPECTUS, Lafr. Teotaleingo (March). 17. TuryoTHorvus BEwickit (Aud.): Baird, Rep. p. 363. Oaxaca. 18. TROGLODYTES BRUNNEICOLLIS, Sclater, P.Z.S.1858, p. 297. Cinco Senores, ¢ (Feb.). 19. TROGLODYTES at Four specimens of a species of Wren which I have hitherto re- ferred to T. aédon of N. America. The recurrence of examples in the same plumage, differing from that of 7. aédon in being of a pale rufous tinge below, inclines me to think that it is really a distinct species. 20. CyPHORINUS PROSTHELEUCUS, Sclater. Llano Verde and Playa Vicente. 21. CYPHORINUS PUSILLUS, sp. nov. Murino-brunneus, loris et superciliis posticis albis: secundariis extus et cauda nigro obsolete transfasciatis: regione auriculare albo variegata: subtus albus, lateraliter cinerascente tinctus, hypochondriis, ventre imo et crisso pallide brunneis: rostro superiore plumbeo, inferiore albido : pedibus pallide corylinis : cauda brevissima : tarsis elongatis. Long. tota 3:5, alee 1°75, caudee 1°1, rostri a rictu 0-7, tarsi 0°75. Hab. In statu Oaxaca, reipubl. Mexicane. Mus. P.L.S8. Four examples of this Wren were procured at Playa Vicente in May last. The sexes are similarly coloured. The bird belongs to a smaller and weaker form of Cyphorinus, as distinguished by its compressed lengthened and incurved bill, short tail, and long tarsi, and is congeneric with the preceding species, though perhaps both are strictly divisible from C. thoracicus and C. cantans. Fam. CERTHIID®. 22. CERTHIA MEXICANA, Reichenb. Cinco Senores. Fam. ALAUDID. 23. Orocorys CHRYSOLZMA (Wagler). Oaxaca: several specimens. A male, killed in March in full sum- mer plumage, does not seem different from Californian examples of 373 O. occidentalis. Perhaps Prof. Baird may be right in uniting all the N. American birds under O. cornuta; but there is great differ- ence in size between Eastern and Western birds. Fam. PariIp. 24. LoPHOPHANES WOLLWEBERI (Bp.): P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 299. Talea. 25. SITTA CAROLINENSIS, Linn. Cinco Senores. Smaller than examples from Vera Cruz : see anfed, p- 363, and P. Z.S. 1857, p. 300. 26. PoLtiopTiILaA MEXICANA, Bp.? Four examples: Oaxaca (March). Iam still doubtful about this species, whether it is anything more than P. cerulea in winter plu- mage. Oneexample, marked male, shows traces of the black front- band. Fam. MNIOTILTID. 27. Siurnus Lupovicianus, Bp.; Baird, Rep. p. 262. Totontepec (Jan.). 28. Mnrorrzyra varia (Linn.). Juquila and Totontepec. 29. ParuLA SUPERCILIOSA (Hartl.): P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 299. Talea. 30. GroTHLypis rRicHAs (Linn.): Baird, Rep. p. 241. Totontepec and Oaxaca. 31. GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVRALI (Aud.): Baird, Rep. p. 244. Choapam (Feb. 1859); Cinco Senores (Feb.). Males in full plumage, and females. 32. HELMINTHOPHAGA RUFICAPILLA ( Wils. ): Baird, Rep. p. 256. 3S adult et juv. Oaxaca (Feb.). 33. HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA (Say): Baird, Rep. p. 257. 2 Oaxaca and Cinco Sefores. One specimen is curiously clouded with dark colour. The other shows traces of the vertical spot. 34. HELMINTHOPHAGA PEREGRINA (Wils.): Baird, Rep. p. 258. In a state of plumage which I believe to be the winter dress of this species. 35. DENDROICA VIRENS (Gm.). ‘Talea and Playa Vicente (April). 374 36. DENDROICA TOWNSEND! (Aud.). Totontepec (Jan.). 37. DENDROICA NIGRESCENS (Towns.). Oaxaca (March), ¢. A male in winter plumage, with the throat white, the black just beginning to appear. 38. DENDROICA ICTEROCEPHALA (Linn.). Playa Vicente (April). <¢,in fine plumage. 39. DeENDROICA MACULOSA (Gm.). Playa Vicente. 6, in fine plumage. 40. DENDROICA SUPERCILIOSA (Bodd.): Baird, Rep. p. 289. Oaxaca. d,in good plumage. 41. MyiopiocTEs pusituvs (Wils.). Totontepec and Villa Alta. 42. BAsILEUTERUS BELLI (Giraud).—Muscicapa belli, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 7.—B. chrysophrys, Bp. Consp. p. 314; P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 202. Llano Verde and Totontepec. 43. BASILEUTERUS BRASIERI (Giraud).— Muscicapa brasieri, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 12.—B. culicivorus, Bp. Consp. p. 313. Teotalcingo. 44, SETOPHAGA PICTA, Sw. Cinco Senores. 45. SETOPHAGA MINIATA, Sw. Cinco Senores and Totontepec. 46. SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA. Playa Vicente (March and April). 47. CARDELLINA RUBRA (Sw.): P.Z.S. 1856, p. 292. Llano Verde and Totontepec. 48. CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS, Giraud; P. Z. S. 1857, p- 299. Cinco Senores. 49, GRANATELLUS SALL&I, Sclater, P. Z. 8.1856, p. 292, pl. 120. 6. Cerulescenti-plumbeus, litura post-oculari alba, abdomine medio cum crisso rosaceo-rubris, lateribus albis. 2. Fuscescenti-plumbea, fronte et litura post-oculari rufis : sub- tus cinnamomeo-rufescens, gutture et ventre medio dilutioribus, albescentibus : pedibus pallidis. 375 I have repeated the characters of the male of this interesting species in order to add those of the female, which M. Boucard has now for- warded with another male specimen from Playa Vicente. Grana- tellus venustus (Bp. Consp. p. 312), of which M. DuBus has kindly sent me a figure, is a closely-allied species, but easily known by its white throat and narrow black breast-band, and white terminations to the external tail-feathers. There is an imperfect specimen of the latter bird in the British Museum. Fam. LANIIDS. 50. Lanrus mexicanus, Brehm, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 11. p. 145. —L. excubitoroides, Baird, Rep. p. 327? Four examples, ¢ and 2: Oaxaca (Feb. and March 1858). In the absence of specimens for comparison, I think it best to refer this species to Brehm’s L. mexicanus, though my impression is that it does not differ from L. excubitoroides, as described by Baird. This is the most southern point in the New World at which Lanius has yet been noticed. Fam. ViIREONID. 51. IcreRiA VELASQUEZI, Bp. Playa Vicente. 52. Vireo souiTarivs, Vieill. Talea. 53. VIREOSYLVIA FLAVOVIRIDIS, Cassin. Playa Vicente (April). 54. HyLOPHILUS OCHRACEICEPS, Sp. nov. Olivacescenti-fuscus, pileo rufescenti-ochraceo, alis nigricantibus pallido brunneo extus limbatis ; cauda pallide brunnea: subtus pallide flavicans, guiture grisescenti-albo, pectore et lateribus _ochracescenti-fuscis : rosiro pallide corneo, pedibus pallide cory- linis. Long. tota 4°3, alee 2°2, caudze 1°5, tarsi 0°65. Hab. In statu Oaxaca reipubl. Mexicanze. Maus: FS: This is the only species of the little genus Hylophilus I have yet seen from the country north of Panama. It is tolerably typical in form, the bill being rather longer and more slender than in H. peet- lotis, and the tail longer. The first primary is short (0°8 inch from the insertion) ; the fourth, fifth, and sixth nearly equal and longest. Two examples, obtained at Playa Vicente in April 1859, of different sexes, are coloured alike. 376 Fam. HiruNDINID&. 55. PETROCHELIDON SwAINsON], Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 296. Oaxaca: ¢ et 2 similes. Two pairs of this very beautiful Swal- low quite confirm the validity of this species as distinct from P. lunifrons and P. fulva. Fam. AMPELID2. 56. Pr1LoGoNys CINEREUS (Sw.). Totontepec (Jan.). The eggs of this bird, sent by M. Boucard from Oaxaca (May 1858), are minutely freckled and striated with brownish ash-colour on a white ground, the markings being denser and forming a ring round the large end. They measure °875 by ‘61 inch. They somewhat resemble some varieties of those of An- thus pratensis. 57. Myiapestes onscurus (Lafr.). Totontepec (Jan.). M. Boucard has forwarded five eggs belonging to this bird, taken at Yoletepec in May 1858. They are very Robin-like in appearance, being white, minutely spotted and freckled with reddish brown, par- ticularly at the larger end, where the spots cover nearly the entire surface. They measure 0°95 by 0°75 inch. Fam. C@/REBIDE. 58. CERTHIOLA MEXICANA, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 286. Playa Vicente. 59. CH&REBA CARNEIPES, sp. nov. / Cereba cyanea, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 286. Assimilis C. cyanee, ex Cayenna, et rostro breviore, tenuiore, pilet colore turcoso magis restricto, nucha cum lateribus capitis concolore, et pedibus vivide carneis specifice vie distinguenda. Hab. In rep. Mexicana. There seem to be minute differences which always distinguish this bird from its S. American representative, though it is questionable whether they are sufficient for specific separation. The present examples were obtained at Playa Vicente. M. Sallé procured others at Cordova. I have not yet seen examples of this bird from Guate- mala. 60. DiGLossa BARITULA, Wagl. Juquila and Totontepec. Fam. TANAGRID. 61. PrryLus POLIOGASTER, DuBus. Choapam (Feb.); Teotalcingo (March); Playa Vicente (April and May). 377 62. SALTATOR ATRICEPS, Less. Playa Vicente. 63. SALTATOR MAGNOIDES, Lafr. Playa Vicente (May). 64. SALTATOR GRANDIs (Licht.). Playa Vicente (May). 65. ARREMON AURANTIIROSTRIS, Lafr.: P. Z.S. 1856, p. 83. Playa Vicente. Two males and a female of this beautiful species. The vertical band in the male is cinereous, and bend of the wing orange. The female is less decidedly coloured,—the vertical band being olivaceous like the back, sides and flanks more greenish, and belly not pure white. I had supposed this drremon to be from Panama, much further south; but, besides these examples, I have also lately met with specimens from Guatemala, in the collections forwarded by Mr. Salvin. 66. BUARREMON ALBINUCHUS (d’Orb. and Lafr.). Totontepec. 67. BUARREMON BRUNNEINUCHUS (Lafr.). Teotaleingo (March). Mexican and New Granadian specimens seem to be really identical. 68. CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS, DuBus. Totontepec (Jan.). 69. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS RUBICOIDES (Lafr.). Playa Vicente (May). 70. PyRANGA ERYTHROCEPHALA (Sw.): Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 125. Juquila; Totontepec. 71. PYRANGA LUDOVICIANA (Wils.). Oaxaca (March). 72. PYRANGA HEPATICA, Sw. Talea (3 et 9), Villa Alta, and Choapam. 73. PyrRanGa a&stiva (Gm.). Playa Vicente. 74. RAMPHOCELUS SANGUINOLENTUS (Less. ). Playa Vicente (March and April). 378 75. TANAGRA ABBAS, Licht. Teotalcingo and Villa Alta. 76. KUPHONIA HIRUNDINACEHA, Bp. Playa Vicente (March). 76*. EUPHONIA ELEGANTISSIMA (Bp.). Eggs of this bird, taken at Juquila in Oaxaca in May, are rounded in shape, and of a creamy white with a few scattered spots and blotches, principally at the larger end, of two shades of. brown. They measure ‘65 by -5 inch. They are the first authentic speci- mens of the eggs of any sestane that I have seen. Fam. FRINGILLIDS. 77. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS, Bp. Playa Vicente (May) ¢. In fine plumage. 78. GUIRACA CZRULEA (Linn.). Oaxaca (Sept. 1858). 79. GuIRACA CONCRETA (DuBus). Playa Vicente (April), ¢ et 9. @ Saturate cafeo-brunnea, unicolor, subtus vie dilutior: alarum et caude plumis intus nigricantibus, rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:2, caudze 2-2. I am not aware that the female of this bird has been hitherto noticed. 80. GuIRACA PARELLINA, Bp. Consp. p. 502. Totontepec (Jan. and March), ¢ et 9. 81. ORYZOBORUS FUNEREUS, Sp. Nov. Coracino-niger unicolor, subalaribus, campterio et speculo alari, alula spuria obtecta, albis: rostro nigro, pedibus fuscescenti- nigris. Long. tota 8°8, alee 2°2, caudz 2:1, rostri a fronte °45, rostri al- titudo ‘45. Hab. In statu Oaxaca, reipubl. Mexicane. Mus. P.L.S. This little black Finch agrees in the structure of the bill with Oryzoborus crassirostris, and I have therefore referred it to that genus. M. Boucard’s example was collected at Suchapam in April 1859. I have never seen it before, and cannot make it agree with any described species. 82. SPERMOPHILA MORELETI, Puch.: Bp. Consp. p. 497. Playa Vicente (May 1859). 379 83. SPERMOPHILA CORVINA, Sp. nov. Coracino-nigra, speculo alari parvo et tectricibus subalaribus albis, vostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4:4, alee 2°2, caudze 2:0, rostri altitudo °3. Hab. In statu Oaxaca reipubl. Mexicanee (Boucard), et in rep. Honduras. Mus. P.L.S. I have had a specimen of this bird in my collection for some time, purchased along with other birds from Honduras, but I never felt certain about the locality. Two examples were obtained by M. Boucard at Playa Vicente in April 1859. The beak is much smaller than in the previous species, and has the culmen incurved as in Spermophila. 84. Cyanospiza crris (Linn.). Playa Vicente, ¢ (April 1859). 85. CYANOSPIZA CYANEA (Linn.). Playa Vicente, Totontepec, and Oaxaca. 86. CyANOSPIZA VERSICOLOR (Bp.). Oaxaca. 87. PHONIPARA PUSILLA (Sw.). Totontepec (Jan.). 88. Pom@cEeTES GRAMINEUS (Gm.): Baird, Rep. p. 447. Four examples : Oaxaca (March). I cannot distinguish between these and specimens from the U.S., except that the present are rather purer in colouring, and in parti- cular more white below. 89. CoTURNICULUS PASSERINUS, Bp. Oaxaca (March), ¢. 90. CHONDESTES GRAMMACAa (Say). Oaxaca, ¢ et 2. 91. ZONOTRICHIA MYSTACALIS, Hartl. Four examples, ¢ et 9, Oaxaca (March). Sexes nearly alike ; female rather less strongly coloured. 92. SprzELLA PALLIDA (Sw.): Baird, Rep. p. 474. Oaxaca (March), ¢ et 2. These examples seem to agree with my specimens of S. pallida. I do not possess examples of S. brewert. 93. MrLospizA LINCOLNI (Aud.): Baird, Rep. p. 82. Totontepec, Teotalcingo, and Oaxaca. 380 94. Peucza RuFIcEpS, Baird? ; Baird, Rep. p.486.— Ammodra- mus ruficeps, Cassin. Three examples, Oaxaca (March 1858). I have no examples of Peucea ruficeps of California, and am consequently unable to say positively that this is the same bird, the species in this group of Finches requiring a close comparison. In my own collection are three specimens of this same species of Peucea obtained by Botteri at Orizaba. 95. ATLAPETES PILEATUS, Wagler: Sclater, P. Z.S.1857, p. 304. State of Oaxaca. 96. EMBERNAGRA RUFIVIRGATA, Lawr. Playa Vicente (April 1859). 97. H&MOPHILA RUFESCENS, Sw. ? Juquila and Villa Alta (Jan.). 98. Pip1Lo macu.tatus, Sw. Cinco Senores. 99. PrpILo ALBICOLLIs, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1858, p. 304. Totontepec (Jan.) and Oaxaca.’ 100. CuRYSOMITRIS MEXICANA, Sw. Totontepec (Jan.). 101. CuHRYSOMITRIS NOTATA, DuBus. Totontepec (Jan. and Feb.). 102. CARPODACUS HZMORRHOUS (Wagl.). Oaxaca, many examples, g et 2. Fam. IcTERID-. 103. OsTINOPS MONTEZUMZ (Less.). Playa Vicente. 104. CassICULUS MELANICTERUS, Bp. Consp. P- 428.—Ict. me- lanicterus, Bp. Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. 389. s et 2, Rio Grande. 105. CassicuLus pREvosti (Less.). Teotalcingo and Playa Vicente. 106. IcreRus spuRIvS, Bp, ? Playa Vicente (March). TI find much difference in the size of Mexican specimens of these birds, and am inclined to agree with Prof. Baird that I. affnis is not a really distinct species. 381 107. IcrERUS AUDUBON], Baird, Rep. p. 542. Juquila. 108. IcrERUS WAGLERI, Sclater: Baird, Rep. p. 545. Villa Alta (Jan.) ; Oaxaca (March). 109. AGELZUS PHa@NIceEvus (Linn.). Oaxaca. Called ‘el Collegial.’ 110. MoLorTuHRus 2ZNEUS. Yetla (Feb.). 111. StruRNELLA HIPPOCREPIS, Wagl. ? Oaxaca. 112. QuiscaLus sumIcHRASTI, de Sauss., antea, p. 365. Playa Vicente (May). Fam. Corvip&. 113. Cyanura coronata (Sw.): P. Z.S. 1857, p. 302. Juquila. 114. CyANOCITTA CALIFORNICA (Vig.) : Baird, Rep. p. 584. Cinco Senores. Seems to agree with a specimen from San Fran- cisco: female smaller. 115. CyANocITTA ORNATA (Less.). Teotalcingo. 116. Cyanocitra NANA, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 25; P.Z.S. 1857, p- 204. Llano Verde. 117. CatocitTa Formosa (Sw.).—Pica formosa, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 437.—Pica bullockii, Wagl. The front of this example is white, and the pectoral band rather broader than in Guatemalan specimens, and the nape has rather more black. Fam. DENDROCOLAPTID&. 118. Picovartes a¥rrFinis, Lafr. R. Z. 1850, p. 275. Totontepec (Jan.). 119. DENDRORNIS FLAVIGASTRA (Sw.): P. Z.S. 1856, p. 289. Playa Vicente (April). 120. DENDRORNIS ERYTHROPYGIA, Sclater, antea, p. 366. Oaxaca. 382 121. DENDROMANES ANABATINUS. Dendrocincla anabatina, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 54, pl. 150 ; Ibis, 1859, p. 118. Playa Vicente (April). The peculiar form of the beak in this and the following species seems to necessitate the formation of a new generic name for them, which I accordingly propose shall be Dendromanes. This organ is short, straight, and much compressed, though somewhat broad at the base, but not sufficiently to enable us to arrange it with Den- drocincla or Dendrocops, as 1 have previously done. In fact it more resembles that of some species of Dendrornis, though so much shorter, smaller, and with the tip more incurved. ‘The stiff spiny tail shows at once that its natural situation is in the subfamily Dendrocolaptine. The following is an outline of the characters of this new form of Dendrocolaptine :— Rostrum capite vix longius, rectum, subulatum, compressum, ad basin paulum dilatatum, mandibule superioris apice uncinato: ale subbreves, dimidium caude superantes, remigibus tertio quarto et quinto longissimis: cauda spinosa, plumarum rachi- bus denudatis et acutis : pedes scansoru, unguibus acutis. 122. DENDROMANES HOMOCHROUS, Sp. nov. Fusco-rubiginosus, unicolor, gula dilutiore, alis caudaque vegetio- ribus ; loris grisescenti-rufis ; remigum sex externorum pogoniis internis nigricante terminatis : rostro fuscescenti-corneo, pedi- bus pallide corylinis. Long. tota 7:5, alee 3°8, caudee 3:2, rostri a rictu 1:0, tarsi 1:0. Hab. In statu Oaxacensi reipubl. Mexicane. Mus. P. L.S. Only one example of the present bird was in M. Sallé’s collections— a male obtained by M. Boucard at Teotalcingo in March 1859. In. form it precisely resembles the last species, having only the tail a trifle longer, but just as much rounded, and with the shafts spiny and projecting. The fourth and fifth primaries are equal and rather longer than the third. The sixth is longer than the second. 122*, XENOPS MEXICANUS, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 289. Playa Vicente (April). 123. SYNALLAXIS ERYTHROTHORAX, Sclater. Playa Vicente (March and April). 124. ANABATES CERVINIGULARIS, Sclater. Playa Vicente (April). 125. ANABAZENOPS VARIEGATICEPS, Sclater, P.Z.S.1856, p. 289. Choapam and Totontepec. 383 Fam. ForMIcARIIDE. 126. THAMNOPHILUS DOLIATUS (Linn.). Choapam and Playa Vicente. 127. THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould? Playa Vicente (May 1859), °. 128. ForMIcIvoRA BOUCARDI, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 301. Playa Vicente (March), ¢ et 9. I have already described the female of this species, now sent along with the male by M. Boucard, among the birds collected in Hon- duras by Mr. Leyland (P. Z.8. 1859, p. 55). 129. CERCOMACRA TYRANNINA, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 245, et 1859, p. 55. Playa Vicente (May), two pairs. I have again compared these with New Granadian specimens without finding any material differ- ence. 130. RAMPHOCENUS RUFIVENTRIS (Bp.). Playa Vicente (April). Rather more rufous below than in specimens from New Granada (S. Martha). 131. ForMICARIUS MONILIGER, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 294. Playa Vicente (March). 132. GRALLARIA GUATEMALENSIS, Prévost. Playa Vicente. More darkly coloured below than examples from Vera Cruz, but not so intense as in a Guatemalan specimen in my possession. Fam. TyRANNID&. 133. ATTILA CITREOPYGIUS, Bp. Two examples, ¢, Playa Vicente. 134. SAYORNIS NIGRICANS, Sw. Oaxaca (March) ; Cinco Senores (Feb.). 135. MyropYNASTES LUTEIVENTRIS, Sclater, P. Z.S.1859, p.42. Juquila. 136. TyRANNUS INTREPIDUS, Vieill. Playa Vicente (May). 137. TYRANNUS VOCIFERANS, Sw. Oaxaca (Feb.). 384 138. MitvuLus monacavs, Hartl. Playa Vicente. 139. My1aARCHUS LAWRENCII (Giraud). Talea. Eggs of this bird from this locality are of a pure white, with spots of two shades of brown principally towards the larger end, where they form a ring. They seem small for the size of the bird, measuring only 0°7 by °525 inch. 140. My1arcuus coopert, Baird, Rep. p. 180. Oaxaca, ¢ (March 1858). 141. Myrarcuus CINERASCENS (Lawr.). Oaxaca, ¢ (March 1858). 142. ConTOPUS BOREALIS (Sw.). Cinco Senores (Feb.), 2. 143. Emprponax MINIMUS, Baird. Playa Vicente (April). 144. MrrrePHORUS PHZOCERCUS, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 44. Talea. 145. Myronius sULPHUREIPYGIUS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 296. Playa Vicente (May). 146. CycCLORHYNCHUS CINEREICEPS, Sciater, [bis, 1859, p. 443. Playa Vicente (March 1859). 147. PLATYRHYNCHUS CANCROMA (Licht.): Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295. Playa Vicente (May). 148. TopIROSTRUM SCHISTACEICEPS, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444. Playa Vicente. 149. TopIROSTRUM CINEREIGULARE, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p- 295. : Teotalcingo and Playa Vicente. : 150. LeEPpTOPOGON AMAUROCEPHALUS, Cab. Playa Vicente. Fam. CoTINGID&. 151. Tiryra atBiTorQuEs, DuBus; Sclater, P. Z. 8.1857, p. 71. Playa Vicente, one example, 29. I am surprised at finding this Becard so far north, and should like to examine more specimens of 385 both sexes, as it may prove to be distinct from the New Granadian species. 152. TityrRA PERSONATA, Jard. Playa Vicente. 153. PLaTYPSARIS AGLAI# (Lafr.): Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 74. This specimen belongs to the dark variety (?), considered by MM. Elliot and Verreaux to be the true P. aglaie in contradistinction to the P. affinis of the former. See ‘Ibis,’ 1859, p. 394 ; and above, p. 366. 154. LIpPAUGUS UNIRUFUS, Sp. nov. Fuscescenti-rufus unicolor, subtus paulo dilutior, precipue in gut- ture et ventre medio: remigibus alarum intus obscurioribus : rostro pallescente corneo, mandibule inferioris basi albicante ; pedibus fusco-cinereis. Long. tota 9°75, alee 5:4, caude 4:3. Hab. In statu Oaxacensi Mex. Merid. (Boucard) ; in rep. Gua- temalensi (Skinner). Mus. Brit. et P.L.S. This fine large Lipaugus is readily distinguishable from every other species of the genus by its size and colour. Besides the present example (a male, obtained by M. Boucard at Playa Vicente in March 1859), I have noticed a specimen in the British Museum, which was received in Mr. Skinner’s collections from the province of Vera Paz in Guatemala. Mr. Salvin has also lately forwarded a specimen col- lected at Coban. 155. Manacus CAND! (Parzud.). Playa Vicente, ¢ et 2. 156. Prpra MENTALIS, Sclater. Playa Vicente, ¢ et 2. Fam. TROCHILID. 157. PHAETHORNIS ADOLPHI, Gould. Teotaleingo (March 1859) ; Playa Vicente (April). 158. Lampornis prevostTi (Boure. & Mauls.). Choapam (March 1859). 159. CAMPYLOPTERUS PAMPA (Less.). Teotalcingo. Found breeding in March, and nest and eggs re- ceived by M. Sallé. 160. CAMPYLOPTERUS DELATTRII (Less.). Teotalcingo. _ No. 408.—Procrepines or THE Zootocica Socrety. 386 161. Ca@LIGENA FULGENS (Sw.). Totontepec (Jan. 1859). 162. DELATTRIA HENRICI (Less.). Totontepec. 163. PETASOPHORA THALASSINA (Sw.). Totontepec (Jan. 1859). 164. SAPPHIRONIA LUCIDA (Shaw). - Totontepec (Feb.). 165. THAUMANTIAS CANDIDUS (Bourc.). Playa Vicente (May). 166. Cyanomyia vioticeps, Gould, Ann. & Mag. N. H. 3 ser. Iv. p. 97. Described from M. Boucard’s specimens. 167. CYANOMYIA QUADRICOLOR (Vieill.). Found breeding at Choapam in the month of March, and nest and eges transmitted to M. Sallé by M. Boucard. 168. Cyanomyi4 sorpipA, Gould, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. iv. p. 97. Oaxaca. 169. AMAzILIUS CORALLIROSTRIS (Bourc.). State of Oaxaca. | 170. AMAZILIUS ARSINOE (Less.). Playa Vicente (April). ! 171. AmMAzixLius puBusi, Boure. & Muls. Ann. Soc. Lyons, 1852. Choapam (March) ; Playa Vicente (April). Is this distinct from A. riefferi? 172. TROCHILUS COLUBRIS, Linn. Oaxaca. 173. SELASPHORUS HELOIS# (Less. & Del.). Totontepec (Jan. 1859). 174. CaLoTHORAX PULCHRA, Gould, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. iv. p. 97. Oaxaca. 387 Fam. GALBULID. 175..GALBULA MELANOGENIA, Sclater. Playa Vicente (April). This is the most northern locality I have yet become acquainted with for Galbula. The specimen is marked male, but is in female plumage, beg perhaps immature. Fam. ALCEDINID. 176, CERYLE SUPERCILIOSA (Linn.). Playa Vicente (April), ¢ et 2. Fam. Momorip. 177. Momorus mexicanus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 442; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 253. Rio Grande. 178. Momortvus Lesson}, Less. Piaya Vicente and Teotalcingo. 179. HyLomMANES MomortuLa, Licht. Playa Vicente (April 1859). Fam. TROGONID. 180. TROGON MEXICANUS, Sw.: Gould, Mon. pl. 1. Cinco Senores. 181. Trocon amBicuus, Gould, Mon. pl. 4. Talea. 182. TRoGON CALiGaTus, Gould, Mon. pl. 7. Playa Vicente. : 183. TROGON MELANOCEPHALUS, Gould, Mon. pl. 12. Playa Vicente, d et 2. 184, TROGON MASSENA, Gould, Mon. pl. 16. Playa Vicente, 3 et 2. 185. TRoGon PuELLA, Gould. Playa Vicente. Fam. CucuLip&. 186. Grococcyx AFFINIS, Hartl. Juquila. 388 187. PIAYA MEXICANA (Sw.).—Cuculus meaxicanus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 440. 3S Juquila (May 1858). This is a different species of Paya from that which inhabits the tierra caliente of Vera Cruz and Guatemala. The plumage is of a much brighter chestnut-red ; the lower belly is hardly darker than the breast; and the tail-feathers are bright ru- fous, with a well-defined broad subapical band of black, tipped with white. In the common bird of Vera Cruz, which I have until lately supposed to be Swainson’s Cuculus mexicanus, the tail-feathers, looking at them from below, are nearly black, and have zo defined patch towards their termination as in the present bird, and the lower belly is altogether black. See anted, p. 368, for description of Piaya thermophila. 188. CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS, Sw. Oaxaca. Fam. RHAMPHASTID. 189. RHAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Sw. Playa Vicente (March). i90. PreroGLossus ToRQuATUS (Wagl.). Playa Vicente (March). 191. AULACORHAMPHUS WAGLERI. Xacatepec, ¢ (March 1858). Fam. Picip. 192. Dryocopus GUATEMALENSIS. Llano Verde and Playa Vicente. Rather small in dimensions. 193. Picus varius, Linn. Llano Verde ; Totontepec (Jan.). 194. Picus sarpinil, Malh. Oaxaca, ¢. 195. CHLORONERPES £RUGINOSUS (Licht.). Teotalcingo (March). 196. CHLORONERPES OLEAGINEUS. Playa Vicente (March). 197. CELEUS CASTANEUS (Wagl.). Playa Vicente (March). Fam. PsirTracip#. 198. ConurRus ASTEC, Souancé, Rev. Zool. 1857, p. 97. Playa Vicente (April 1859). 389 199. CuRysoTIs OCHROPTERA (Gm.): Gray, List of Psittacidee, p= 79. Rio Grande ; Playa Vicente. 200. CHRYSOTIS AUTUMNALIS (Linn.). Playa Vicente. I now doubt much whether Bonaparte’s C. esti- valis is really distinct from this species. The only difference between the representatives of the two species in the British Museum is the presence of rather more red on the lores of the supposed true C. au- tumnalis, in which respect it agrees better with Edwards’s plate, upon which the name was founded. Fam. FALCONID. 201. HeERPETOTHERES CACHINNANS (Linn.). Playa Vicente. 202. SpizaAETUS ORNATUS (Daud.). Teotaleingo (March 1859). 203. BuTEeo BoREALIs (Gm.). In adult and immature plumage. Talea and Oaxaca. - 204. Burro HARLANI, Aud. The variety of B. borealis alluded to in P. Z.S. 1857, p. 211. Oaxaca. 205. BuTzo ErRyTHRONOTUS (Lafr. et d’Orb.). Talea. 206. ASTURINA NITIDA. Talea and Playa Vicente. 207. ACCIPITER PILEATUS (Max.): Temm. PI. Col. 205. Adult male: Playa Vicente. This is the first specimen of Accipiter ptleatus that Mr. Gurney has seen from the northern portion of the American continent, as he informs me. 208. AccIPITER COOPERI, Bp.: Baird, Rep. p. 16. _ Totontepec (Jan. 1859) and Oaxaca. Decidedly distinct from the preceding (with which it is united by many authors—Strickland, Gray, &c.), im Mr. Gurney’s opinion :— ** Accipiter pileatus is distinguishable from 4. cooper, (1) by its smaller size; (2) by the whole-coloured hood with which its head is covered in all ages; (3) by the plumbeous colour of the breast and belly in the adult, the corresponding parts in 4. cooper?, when adult, being rufous, mottled with white. The adult 4. pileatus has the curious peculiarity of exactly resembling 72 colour the adult of Har- 390 pagus bidentatus. In the Norwich Museum are specimens of 4. pileatus from Brazil; Ecuador, Pallatanga (I’raser) ; Chili, and Straits of Magellan,—and of A. cooperi from California, Monterey ; Texas and Mexico, Orizava. The adult specimens of the present bird from Oaxaca show a whole-coloured hood nearly as dark as in 4. pileatus, which younger specimens never do, whereas, as stated above, A, pileatus does so in all ages.” —J. H. G. in epist. 209. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (Linn.). Villa Alta (Jan. 1859). 210. HyporriorcHis RUFIGULARIS (Daud.): Strickl. Orn. Syn. p. 88. Playa Vicente. 211. IcTiIn1A PLUMBEA (Gm.). Playa Vicente (March), ¢ adult. 212. Crrcus Hupsonicus (Linn.). Oaxaca. Fam. STRIGIDA. 213. SrrRrx PRATINCOLA, Bp. Oaxaca. 214. Bracuyortus Cassini, Brewer. Oaxaca. 215. Buspo virGinianus (Gm.). Oaxaca. Fam. COLUMBID&. 216. CoLUMBA NIGRIROSTRIS, Sp. Nov. Obscure olivascenti-fusca eneo vix tincta, capite et collo supero cum corpore subtus et tectricibus subalaribus vinaceis, gula albescentiore, ventre plumbescentiore : remigibus et rectricibus Susco-nigricantibus unicoloribus : rostro nigro: pedibus coral- lino-rubris. Long. tota 10°5, alee 6°5, caudze 4°6. Hab. In statu Oaxaca reipubl. Mexicane. In spite of the number of new species that have lately been de- scribed among the Pigeons, this bird appears to have remained un- noticed. There-is no specimen of it in the British Museum ; and it is not included in Bonaparte’s ‘Conspectus,’ which contains such an elaborate account of the family. 1 therefore consider it to be pro- bably new. Its nearest allies are Columba flavirostris, which has _the bill yellow, and C. rujfina, which has a cimnamomeous-brown tail, 391 besides other differences. Its proper place is intermediate between these species. 217. CoLUMBA FLAVIROSTRIS, Wagl. Teotalcingo (March). 218. Leproprita ALBIFRONS, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 74. Playa Vicente. 219. GEOTRYGON ALBIFACIES, G. R. Gray : Sclater, P. Z. 8.1858, p. 98. Latani (Feb. 1859). 220. PERISTERA CINEREA (Temm.). Playa Vicente. 221. ZENAIDURA CAROLINENSIS (Linn.). Talea and Oaxaca. 222. CHAMAPELIA PASSERINA, Linn. Oaxaca ; several specimens. 223. SCARDAFELLA INCA (Less.). Oaxaca. The egg of this species, forwarded by M. Sallé, mea- sures 0-9 by 0:6 inch, and is of the usual uniform white. Fam. CRACID&. 224. PENELOPE PURPURASCENS, Wagler. Rio Grande ; called ‘ Faisano.’ / 225. Orratipa veTuLaA (Wagl.). Playa Vicente. I have never seen but two Ortalid@ from Mexico —the two here mentioned. I can hardly believe that Baird’s O. maccalli is different from the present bird. 226. ORTALIDA LEUCOGASTRA, Gould. Rio Grande. The female like the male, but smaller. I have now little doubt that this is really the true O. poltocephala of Wagler. It seems to be the representative of O. vetula in the Pacific coast-region. Fam. Perpicip. 227. ODONTOPHORUS GUTTATUS, Gould. Teotalcingo (March 1859). Fam. TINAMID. 228. TINAMUS BOUCARDI, Sallé, MS. Obscure cinereus ; dorso toto et alis extus brunneis, nigro minutis- 392 sime vermiculatis: remigibus alarum jfusco-nigris, scapis plu- marum atris: subtus dilutior, gula pallescentiore: ventre toto Sulvescenti-brunneo lavato: crisso et tectricibus subcaudalibus nigro variegatis : rostri mandibula superiore plumbea, inferiore albida : pedibus clare corylinis. Long. tota 10:0, alee 6:5, caudze 2°0, tarsi 2:0, rostri a rictu 1°3. fTa6. In statu Oaxaca reipubl. Mexicanee. Two examples of this fine Tinamou are in M. Boucard’s collections, both males, one from Playa Vicente (May), and the other from Teo- taleingo (March). The nearest allied species is the S. American T. cinereus. ; 229. TINAMUS SALLI (Bp.).—WNothocercus salle@i, Bp. C. BR. xlii, p. 955. oe Nigricans, rufo undulatus: alarum vittis latioribus et flavescen- tioribus : cervice postica et dorso superiore fere puris ; pileo nigricante ; nucha rufescente, ngro undulata : lateribus capitis rufis: subtus cinnamomeo-rufus, cervice obscure cinerea, gula nivea, lateribus et crisso nigro variegatis : rostro corneo : man- dibula inferiore et pedibus flavis. 2. Cervice antica rufescente : pileo, sicut nucha, vittato. Long. tota 10°0, alze 6:2, caudee 1-9, tarsi 1°8. This is the only Mexican species cf Tinamou which is at all like the South American Tinamus variegatus, and I believe that it is the same to which Prince Bonaparte applied the name 7’. delattrii in C. R. xlvii. p. 955. I know, from the Prince’s own mouth, that he was in doubt upon this point. The examples described above were obtained at Playa Vicente in May 1850. M. Sallé suggests that this bird may be Lesson’s Nothura cinnamomea (Rev. Zool. 1842, p- 210). Though I know from experience the vileness of Lesson’s descriptions, I think this hardly possible. 230. TINAMUS MESERYTHRUS, Sp. nov. Ex olivaceo rufescens ; alis nigricantibus, extus rufo marginatis ; pileo toto nigricanti-cinereo : subtus saturate ferrugineo-rufus, medialiter clarior ; crisso pallide cinnamomeo ; hypochondrits et pectore antico obscurioribus, ngricante adumbratis : remigibus subtus pallide schistaceis: tectricibus caude elongatis, satu- rate castanets : rostri mandibula superiore plumbea, inferiore albicante: pedibus clare corylinis. Long. tota 9°5, alee 5°2, caudee 1°5, tarsi 1°7, rostri a rictu 1°15. Hab. In statu Oaxaca reipublicee Mexicane. This Tinamou is nearly allied to 7. sovi of South America and 7. castaneus of New Granada. It is easily distinguished by the deep- chestnut medial line below, contrasting with the darker sides of the body. There are but very faint traces of spots on the crissum. The male and female, procured by M. Boucard at Playa Vicente in May, are coloured alike. : y “fh, ae bu A in eee i igar PO ee ey re ne ee ceehdinal 393 Fam. CHARADRIID. 231. AXGIALITES VOCIFERUS (Linn.). Oaxaca. Fam. SCOLOPACID. 232. GAMBETTA FLAVIPES (Gm.): Baird, Rep. p. 732. Playa Vicente (April 1859). Fam. RaLuip2. 233. ARAMIDES CAYENNENSIS (Gm.). Oaxaca. 234. PARRA GyYMNOSTOMA, Wagl. Oaxaca. Two examples in young plumage. Fam. ANATID. 235. QUERQUEDULA pbiscors (Linn.). State of Oaxaca. 236. ERISMATURA RUBIDA (Wils.). Oaxaca. 5. DESCRIPTION D'UNE NOUVELLE ESPECE DE BARBU DE L AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE. Par JuLeS VERREAUX, MEm- BRE CORRESPONDANT DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE LONDRES. (Aves, Pl. CLVIL.) LAIMODON ALBIVENTRIS, Sp. nov. Téte et cou rouges ; la base des plumes noire a partir du vertex jusque sur le haut du dos; ce dernier ainsi que le reste des parties supérieures, le devant du cou et du thorax d’un brun terreux plus foncé au centre de ce dernier, presque toutes les plumes de ces par- ties ayant le rachis d’un blanc plus ou moins pur; une tache ob- longue de cette couleur au centre du croupion; ventre, bas ventre et couvertures sous-caudales d’un blanc pur; les plumes des flanes assez longues et délicates ; cuisses brunes, a plumes bordées de plus clair; ailes et queue noires. Les mémes lignes blanches du rachis sont trés distinctes sur les couvertures alaires ainsi que sur les ré- miges secondaires les plus rapprochées du COrps. Bec plus haut que large, 4 mandibule supérieure bidentée, bleuatre asa base qui est garnie de soies noires dirigées en avant, jaunatre sale sur le reste ; tarses fortement scutellés, bleuatres ainsi que les doigts ; ongles assez crochus et bruns; aile a penne batarde trés courte, les 4, 5 et 6™° rémiges les plus longues, et les secondaires de 394 la méme longueur ; leurs couvertures inférieures blanches ainsi que la partie interne des rémiges; queue arrondie. cent. mill. Long tOb. 38 Sate lee Pele an’. ssid petals ete Oa = de l’aile fermée CN Re I ees aes 27 —— de la queue .... ginsthab'e oto sucartie ane ay ame —— du bec a partir de anes, bafta ee a ery, > CaISCS | ie eee ea se Py ern: Pate 8) Cette description a été prise sur un sujet male trés adulte, pro- venant de l’Afrique occidentale, mais sans désignation de localité exacte. Nous devons 4 Vobligeance de M. Emile Parzudaki, de la faire connaitre au monde savant, ainsi que quelqu’ autres nouveautés que nous ne tarderons pas a publier. Nous saisissons avec empressement Voccasion de le remercier de Vintérét qu’il porte a cette belle science en nous offrant toutes les facilités de visiter et d’étudier les nom- breux objets qui passent chaque jour dans ses magasins. Nous saisissons avec empressement loccasion qui se présente par lespéce nouvelle que nous décrivons, pour indiquer toutes les espéces africames que nous connaissons sur cette famille, en ajoutant leur synonymie telle que nous nous proposons de la reproduire dans le ‘Conspectus Generum Avium’ auquel nous travaillons depuis lon- gues années, et que nous espérons livrer au public un jour. Genre 1. Pocontas, Illig. 1. POGONIAS DUBIUS. Pogonias dubius, Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p. 145. sp. 1; id. Consp. Volucr. Zygodactyl. (1854) p.12.sp. 1; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p- 169.no. 506. Bucco dubius, Gm. Syst. Nat. (1796) t.i. p. 414. Pogonias suleirostris, Leach, Zool. Misc.1. p. 76; Sw. B. West Afr. ii. p. 166. Pogonias erythromelas, Vieill. Gal. Ois. pl. 32; Wagl. Syst. Av. p. 164. Pogonias major, Yess. Trait. d’Orn. p. 159. Barbican, Levaill. Barb. pl. 18. Pogonorhamphus, DesMurs et Chenu, Encycl. Ois. u. p. 14. Afr. oce.; Sénégal; Casamanze ; Bissao. 2. PoGONIAS ROLLETI. . Pogonias rolleti, De Filippi, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (1853) p. 290; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygodactyl. (1854) p. 12. sp. 1; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 169, note. Afr. orient. ; Nubie ; Nil blane. 3. PoGONIAS BIDENTATUS. Pogonias bidentatus, Bp. Consp. Av. t.1. p. 145. sp. 2; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 170. no. 507. Bucco dubius, var. 3, Lath. 395 Pogonias levirostris, Leach, Zool. Mise. t. 77. Bucco leuconotus, Vieill. Encycl. Méth. ; Wagl. Syst. Av. p. 164. sp. 2; Shaw, Nat. Misc. t. 393. Pogonias levaillanti, Leach, |. c. t. 117. Bucco levaillanti, Vieill. Encycl. Méth. p. 1422. Laimodon bidentatus, Gray. Barbican unibec, Levaill. Barb. Supp. p. 48. t. K. ad. Barbican a ventre rose, Levaill. Barb. t. A. juv. Laimodon levirostris, Heugl. Uebers. p. 47. no. 480. Afr. occ.; Sénégal; Guinée; Gabon. Genre 2. Latmopvon, Gray. 4, LAIMODON ALBIVENTRIS. Laimodon albwentris, J.Verr. supra. Afr. oce. 5. LAIMODON LEUCOCEPHALUS. Laimodon leucocephulus, De Filippi, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1855) p. 291. Afr. orient.; Nubie; Nil blanc. 6. LAIMODON NIGRITHORAX. Laimodon nigrithorax, Gray; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygodactyl. (1854) p. 12. sp. 3. Pogonias nigrithorax, Cuv. Rég. An. (1817) t. 1. App. p. 428. Bucco personatus, Temm. Pl. Col. 201 ; Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 3 ; Levaill. Barb. pl. 28. Pogonias nigrithorax, Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p. 145. sp. 3. Pogonias personatus, Less. Trait. d’Orn. p. 160. sp. 1 Afr. mér.; Caffrérie. 7. LAIMODON UNIDENTATUS. Laimodon unidentatus, Gray; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygodactyl. (1854) p. 12. sp. 8. Pogonias unidentatus, Licht. Verz. Sudafric. Th. pelZ.sp.179. Bucco niger, Gm. Syst. Nat. (1796) t. i. p. 411. Bucco rufifrons, Steph. Trogon luzoniensis, Scopoli. Pogonias stephensi, Leach, Zool. Misc.t.116; Vieill. Gal. Ois. 1. 33. : Pogonias niger, Less. Trait. d’ Orn. p. 160. sp. 2. Laimodon leucomelas, Gray ; Buff. Pl. Enl. 688. 1; Sonner. Voy. t. 34; Levaill. Barb. t. 29, 30, 31. Pogonias undentatus, Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 146. sp. 9. Pogonias niger, Bp. |. c. p. 145. sp. 6. Mga leucotis, Sundev. Ofvers. (1850) p. 109. Afr. mér. et occid. ; Caffrérie. / 4 396 8. LAIMODON BIFRENATUS. Laimodon bifrenatus, Gray ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p- 12. sp. 7. Pogonias bifrenatus, Khrenb. Symb. Phys. t. 8. f. 2; Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p. 145. sp. 8; Hartl. Caban. Journ. Orn. (1854) p. 197. sp. 418; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 171. no. 510. Pogonias melanocephalus, Riipp. Atl. t. 28 A. p. 41. Afr. orient. } 9. LAIMODON SALTI. Laimodon salti, Gray ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 4. i Bucco salti, Stanley, Salt’s Trav. Abyss. App.; Lath. Gen. Hist. Hl. p\208: t. oo. Phytotoma tridactyla, Daud. Ploceus abyssinicus, Steph. Pogonias hematops, Wag]. Syst. sp. 4. Pogonias rubrifrons, Sw. B. of West Afr.ii. p. 170; id. Zool. Ill. pl. 68. Pogonias brucii, Riipp. Wirb., Av. t. 20. 1. Pogonias salti, Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p. 145. sp. 4. Laimodon undatus, Riipp. Faun. Abyss. t. 20. f. 2. Pogonias undatus, Temm. Mus. Lugd.; Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p. 146. sp. 10. Pogonias salti, Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 170. no. 508. Afr. orient. et occid. ; Abyssinie ; Nubie; Sierra Leone? 10. LAIMODON VIEILLOTI. Laimodon vieilloti, Gray ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p.12. sp. 5. eee vieilloti, Leach, Zool. Misc. t. 97 ; Less. Trait. d’Orn. p. 160.sp.3; Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 145. sp. 5. Barbu rubicans, Levaill. Barb. Suppl. f. D. Pogonias fuscescens, Vieill. Encycl. Méth. p. 1421. Pogonias rubescens, Teram. Pogonias senegalensis, Licht. Doubl. p. 9. Pogonias rufifrons, Sw. B. of West. Afr. ii. p. 168. Pogonias hematops, Wag). Syst. Av. sp. 5. Pogonias vieilloti, Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 170. no. 509. Afr. occ. et orient.; Sénégal; Bissao; Casamanze ; Guinée ; Nubie. Genre 3. TricHoLamMa, Vert. 11. TRICHOLEZMA HIRSUTA. Tricholema hirsuta, Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 172. no. 512. Pogonias hirsutus, Sw. Zool. Il. pl. 72; id. B. of West Afr. ii. p. 172; id. Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 7; id. Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 149 ; Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 145. sp. 7; Hartl. Caban. Journ. Orn. (1854) no. 417. 397 Laimodon hirsutus, Gray; Bp. Consp. Voluer. Zygod. (1854) p- 12. sp. 9. __ Tricholema flavipunctata, J. Very. Caban. Journ. Orn. ii. p. 103 ; id, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1855) p. 555. pl. 14, juv.; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. (1854) p.12. sp. 20. Afr. occid. ; Sierra Leone; Dabocrom ; Gabon; Calabar. Genre 4. GymNnosucco, Bp. 12. GYMNOBUCCO CALVUS. Gymnobucco calvus, Hartl. Caban. Journ. Orn. (1854) p. 195. no. 405; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 174. no. 519. Bucco calvus, Latr. Rev. Zool. (1841) p. 241; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 10. Afr. oceid. 13. GYMNOBUCCO PEL. Gymnobucco peli, Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 175. no, 520. Bucco calvus, Temm. Mus. Lugd. Gymnobucco calvus, Bp. Consp. Av. t. i. p. 141. Afr. occid. ; Dabocrom ; Gabon. 14, GyMNOBUCCO BONAPARTII. Gymnobucco bonapartei, J. Verr. Caban. Journ. Orn. (1855) p-102.no.3; Hartl. ib. p. 410; id. Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod.(1854) p. 12. sp.11; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 175. no. 521. Barbatula fuliginosa, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. (1855) p. 324; Bp. Compt. Rend. Acad. des Sei. (1856) p. 17. Afr. occid. ; Gabon ; Moonda. Genre 5. XyLtosucco, Bp. 15. XyLOBUCCO SCOLOPACEUS. Xylobucco scolopaceus, Bp. Consp. Av. t.1. p.141 ; id. Consp. Vol. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 12; Hartl. Caban. Journ. Orn. (1854) p. 195. no. 406; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 174.no. 518. Bucco scolopaceus, Temm. Mus. Lugd. Barbatula stellata, Fras. Proc. Zool. Soc. (1843) p. 4; Jard. Contr. Orn. (1851) p. 155. Barbatula flavisquamata, J.Verr. Caban. Journ. Orn, (1855) p.101; Bp. I. c. p. 12. sp. 13. Afr. occid. ; Dabocrom; Fernando Po; Gabon; Moonda’; Ca- labar. Genre 6. Buccanopon, J. Verr. 16. BuccANODON DUCHAILLUI. Buccanodon duchaillui, Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 171. no.511. Barbatula duchaillui, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. (1855) p. 324. 398 Barbatula formosa, Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1855) p. 213. sp. 2. pl. 5. Afr. occid. ; Moonda; Gabon. Genre 7. BARBATULA, Less. 17. BARBATULA ATROFLAVA. Barbatula atroflava, Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 145. sp. 3 ; id. Consp. Volucr. Zygodactyl. (1854) p. 12. sp. 17; Hartl. Journ. Orn. (1854) -p. 196. no. 409; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 172. no. 514. Bucco atr oflavus, Blumenb. Abb. Naturh. Gegenst. t. 65 ; Sparrm. Act. Suec. xvii. t. 9. Bucco erythronotus, Cuy. Reg. An. (1817) t. i. App. p. 428; Less. Trait. d’Orn. p. 164. sp. 18. Barbatula erythronotus, Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1851) p. 262; Strickl. Jard. Contr. Orn. (1851) p. 135. sp. 25; Levaill. Barb. pl. 57. Afr. occid.; Liberia; Aguapim; Galam; Gabon; Moonda. 18. BARBATULA SUBSULFUREA. Barbatula subsulfurea, Hartl. Cab. Journ. Orn. (1854) p. 195. no. 408; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 172. no. 513. Bucco subsulfureus, Fras. Proc. Zool. Soc. (1843) p. 3; Allen Thoms. Nig. Exped. 1. p. 404; Fras. Zool. Typ. pl. 52. Capito subsulfureus, Gray. Trachyphonus subsulfureus, Bp. Consp. Av. t.1. p. 142. sp. 2 ; id. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 23; Des Murs et Chenu, Encycel. ii. p. 19. Barbatula flavimentum, Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1851) p. 262 ; Strickl. Jard. Contr. Orn. (1851) p. 135. Afr. occid.; Fernando Po; Gabon; Mocnda; Aguapim. 19. BARBATULA LEUCOLAIMA. Barbatula leucolaima, Verr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (1851) p. 263; Strickl. Jard. Contr. Orn. (1851) p. 135. sp. 27; Bp. Consp. Vol. Hise (1854) p. 12. sp. 16 ; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 173. no. aieqaliohi bilineata, Sunder Ofvers. K. Vet. Ac. Forh. (1850) p-. 109. Afr. occid.; Sénégal ; Gahon; Aguapim ; Casamanze. 20. BARBATULA CHRYSOCOMA. Barbatula chrysocoma, Bp. Consp. Av. t. 1. p.145. sp. 4; id.Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 14; Hartl. Journ. Orn. (1854) p- 196. no. 411; id. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p. 173. no. 516; Heugl. Uebers. p. 47. no. 481. 399 Bucco chrysocomus, Temm. Pl. Col. 536. f. 2; Heugl. Uebers. p. 47; Herz. v. Wurtenb. Icon. ined. t. 55 C. Bucco parvus, Less, Trait. Orn. p. 165; Compl. a Buff. ix. p. 292. Afr. occid. et orient. ; Sénégal ; Gambia; Casamanze; Sennaar ; Fazoglo. | 21. BARBATULA PUSILLA. Barbatula pusilla, Bp. Consp. Av. t. i. p. 144. sp. 1; id. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 19. Bucco pusillus, Dum. Bucco barbatula, Temm. Pl. Col. sp. 18, 19. Bucco chrysopterus, Sw. Bucco chrysozonicus, Rupp. Bucco nanus, Vig. Capito rubrifrons, Vieill. Encycl. Méth. p. 1423. Barbatula nana, Gray. Megalaima barbatula, Gray. Bucco parvus, Cuv.; Less. Trait. Orn. p. 164. sp. 19; Buff. Pl. Enl. 742. f. 2; Levaill. Barb. pl. 32. Barbatula minuta, Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 144. sp. 2; Hartl. Syst. Orn. Westafr. p.173.no. 517; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 18. Afr. mér., orient. et occid.? ; Caffrérie; Nubie; Sénégal ? Genre 8. TRacuyPHoNuS, Ranzani. 22. 'TRACHYPHONUS CAFER. Trachyphonus cafer, Bp. Consp. Av. t.i. p. 142. sp. 1; id. Consp. Voluer. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 21. Picus cafer, Gm. Syst. Nat. (1796) t.1. p. 368. sp. 25. Trachyphonus vaillanti, Ranz. Trachyphonus cafer, Gray. Polysticte quopopa, A. Smith, Rep. Exp. S. Afr. Exp]. (1856). Micropogon sulphuratus, Lafr. Mag. Zool. (1836) pl. 60. Trachyphonus squamiceps, Heugl. Beitr. t. 28. 2; id. Uebers. p- 47. no. 482. Afr. mérid.; Kurrichaine. 23. TRACHYPHONUS MARGARITATUS. Trachyphonus margaritatus, Bp. Consp. Av. t. i. p. 142. sp. 3; id. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 22. Bucco margaritatus, Rupp. Atl. pl. 20; Heugl. Uebers. p. 47. no. 483. Micropogon margaritatus, Temm. Pl. Col. 490. Tamatia erythropygius, Khrenb, Icones Av. t. 7. Capito margaritatus, Gray. Afr. orient.; Abyssinie; Nubie. 24. TRACHYPHONUS PURPURATUS. Trachyphonus purpuratus, Verr, Rey. et Mag. Zool. (1851) p. 260; 400 Strickl. Jard. Contr. Orn. (1851) p. 135. sp. 24; Hartl. Cab. Journ. Orn. (1854) p. 195. no. 407 ; id. Syst. Orn. p. 175. no. 522; Chenu et Des Murs. Encyel. Orn. ii. p. 22; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. (1854) p. 12. sp. 24. Afr. occid. ; Gabon ; Moonda. P.S. Nous ne connaissons pas le Laimodon diadematus, Heugl. Beitr. t. 28. 1, et Uebers. p. 47. no. 479, de l Afr. orient. Paris, le 1% Octobre, 1859. 6. NoTicE OF A RARE AstATic Pigeon. By Frepertc Moore. The bird which I beg leave to bring before the Meeting belongs to that group of Pigeons typified by the common Rockdove (Columba livia, L.), bemg an intermediate species between it and the C. Jeu- conota, Vigors, and has hitherto been known only as an inhabitant of the mountainous and rocky parts of Dauria and Songaria, in Cen- tral Asia. The specimen under examination was procured in Ladakh by Captain Richard Strachey, and is the CoLUMBA RUPESTRIS. Columba enas, var. rupestris, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. p. 560, 1. 35. Hab. Mountainous regions of Central Asia. Description of Specimen from Ladakh.—ead, throat, and ear- coverts darkish ash-colour ; the feathers round the neck glossed with changeable dark green and reddish-purple ; middle of breast vinous-brown ; upper part of the back, fore part of the wing, the base of the secondaries, the tertiaries, and the lower part of the breast pale ashy-grey; primaries and speculars ashy-brown ; ter- tiaries and the greater coverts with a subterminal black band ; lower part of the back, rump, fore part of wings beneath, and sides of body white; abdomen and under tail-coverts ashy-white ; upper tail-coverts and base of tail for three inches, ash-colour, the tail with a black terminal band and a broad subterminal white band: the latter band does not lessen in width, or curve to the tip of the outer- most feather, as in C. leuconota, but is almost even, curving slightly only towards the base of the outer feather; the base of the outer web of the outermost tail-feather is also white. Bill and legs smaller than in C. leuconota, livia, or intermedia. Length of unmounted specimen 113 inches ; of wing 9 inches; tail 54 inches, with its outer feather 3 inch less ; tarsus 1 inch; mid toe and claw 11 inch ; hind toe and claw ;5,ths of an inch ; bill to frontal plumes ;%,ths, to gape =3,ths of an inch. This species was also recently observed in Ladakh by Dr. A. Leith Adams, as appears from the following note in his “List of the Birds of Cashmere and Ladakh,’’ published in the ‘ Proceed- ings’ of the Society for the present year (vide antea p. 187), wherein it is stated that “flocks of a pied variety of C. livia (if indeed 40] it is a variety and not a distinct species, and which might easily be confounded with C. lewconota) were seen on the rocky banks of the Dras river, Ladakh, having the back and wings of a light blue ; rump white ; tail-coverts leaden-black ; a@ broad white band across the middle of the tail, its tip black ; inner surface of wings white ; belly and lower parts bluish-white. They were mixed up with flocks of C. livia; and my reasons for supposing it only a variety were the constant companionship of the two, and some variety as regards the colouring of both ; however, it is possible they may be distinct species. I saw this bird nowhere else *.”’ The late Major Boys, of the Bengal Cavalry, a most experienced collector of Indian birds, also distinguished a ‘Blue Rock Pigeon,’ which he procured at Hawulbagh in Kemaon, and which is evidently this species. ‘‘This pigeon,’ he remarks t, “ differs considerably from the common Blue Pigeon, particularly in its weight and size. Length of a male 122 inches by 25 inches; weight 7 ozs. Sdrs. Bill black, the cere grey; iris red; legs pink. Top of head, chin, and sides of face ashy-grey ; back of neck and upper part of breast glazed metallic green ; bottom of neck metallic purple, blending into ashy light grey on the belly; flanks and vent light grey ; wing-coverts and upper part of the back of the same colour ; middle of back white ; upper tail-coverts dark ashy-grey. Quills grey (the shafts black), darker near their tips; second quill longest ; outer webs darker than the inner. Some of the larger wing-coverts (those covering the tectrices), together with the last six or seven tertiaries, bear a patch of greyish-black, which, when the wing is extended, forms two indistinct and somewhat curved bands. ‘Tail dark grey at the base, broadly tipped with black, and having between these two colours a broad stripe of white. Inferior coverts white, blending with grey towards the anterior margin of the wing. Length of tail 5 inches, the quills (when the wings are closed) reaching to its tip. The exterior tail- feathers are pure white from their bases on the external web, finished off at the tip with black, the inner webs being grey at base, as ob- taining in the intermediate feathers.”’ From the above notes it appears that the range of the C. rupestris extends southward as far as Kemdon, on the southern side of the Himalayas. * Dr. Leith Adams since writes me that he killed several specimens of this bird, which was common on rocky places around the Ladakh Lakes. In his Note- book is the following memorandum :—“ Salt Lakes, Ladakh, July 24th, 1852. There is a pigeon in the rocky parts around the Lakes, called by sportsmen the ‘Imperial Rock Pigeon.’ I fancy they think it is the C. leuconota; but from three specimens I have shot to-day, I can make out a decided distinction.” / t+ Vide J. A. S. Beng. 1857, p. 224. No. 409.—PRrocrEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 402 7. Seconp List or CoLD-BLOODED VERTEBRATA COLLECTED BY Mr. FRASER IN THE ANDES OF WESTERN Ecvuapor. By Dr. A. GintHerR, Foret1GN MEMBER ZOOL. Soc. (Reptilia, Pl. XX.) The second collection of Reptiles and Fishes sent by Mr. Fraser is richer than the first, in specimens as well as in species. Many have retained their natural colours. There are thirteen species of Saurians, six of which are new to science. Three species formerly sent are not in this collection, viz. Anolis eneus, Microphractus humeralis, and Amphisbena fuliginosa. ‘The species formerly men- tioned as Anolis cristatellus’ (p. 89) has proved to be a new one, of which better specimens are contamed in the present collection. The Snakes belong to twenty-one species, several of which have been known for a short period only, and two of which are new. Some are particularly interesting on account of their variation from speci- mens of the same species collected in other parts of South America. Three species formerly sent are not in this collection, viz. Lrythro- lamprus venustissimus, Xenodon severus, and Spilotes peecilostoma. There are nine species of Batrachians, two of which are new. Nototrema marsupiatum has been procured of a size not seen before ; four of the species formerly sent are not in this collection ; and it is very strange that Mr. Fraser does not appear to have met with a single Hyla in the country he has just examined. Three species of Cecilia were found, one being new. ‘They are the first specimens met with by Mr. Fraser. Eleven species of Fishes, characteristic of the fresh waters of South America, and different from those sent before, conclude the series of this splendid collection: six of them are new to science. Typical specimens of the new and interesting species will be re- tained for the Collection of the British Museum. SAURIA. 1. CROCODILUS AMERICANUS, Schneid. 2. AMEIVA SEX-SCUTATA, 0. Sp. Diagnosis.—Abdominal shields in six longitudinal series. The upper surface of the head covered by a pair of anterior nasals, a single anterior frontal, a pair of posterior frontals with a small single shield between, three pairs of parietals, and many small occi- pitals. Greenish-olive, speckled with brownish: a whitish dorsal streak from the muzzle to the middle of the tail; on each side of the back from the eye to the loin a black band, edged with whitish. Description:—The muzzle is rather elongate, pyramidal; the nostril is situated laterally immediately behind the rostral, between four shields, viz. rostral, anterior and posterior nasal, and the first upper labial. The successive series of the shields covering the upper surface of the head is as follows :—1. The rostral shield is obtusely via XX i Pl S Gor Re au. nit (a) 1) Jiachesi + y) ( tAr. oe hr B Liocephalus iridescens is rhombifer, 7 percosaun 403 rounded, as high as wide, with the posterior extremity rectangular and slightly produced backwards on the upper side of the head. 2. A pair of anterior nasals, irregularly quadrangular, united by a suture, and forming the upper margin of the nostril. 3. A single anterior frontal, pentagonal, with the lateral angle in contact with the posterior nasal; its posterior side is very short. 4. A pair of posterior frontals with a single shield between ; the former are irregu- larly elliptical, and form a suture with the loreal ; the latter is narrow, oblong. 5. Three pairs of parietals, one behind the other, and occupying the space between the orbits. 6. The occipital region is covered by many small irregular shields. 7. The upper eyelid has two semi-elliptical shields, surrounded by granulations. Of the lateral shields of the head the posterior nasal is mentioned above ; it is in contact posteriorly with the very large loreal, which reaches to the orbit, occupying nearly the whole loreal region ; four smaller shields form the lower margin of the orbit. There are five rather narrow upper labial shields with several small ones behind. The lower jaw has a slightly convex anterior labial, and four lateral ones, the third of which is as long as the others together. There is a single pentagonal chin-shield between the first two labials, forming a straight transverse suture with the front labial. Two series of shields arise from its two posterior sides, parallel to, and broader than, the series of the lower labials ; each is formed by five shields. ‘The throat, before the folds, is covered with granular scales. There are the two folds, characteristic of the genus, with the series of shields between. The back and the sides of the body are covered with minute granular scales, arranged in regular cross series. The ventral shields form six longitudinal and twenty-four transverse rows. A triangular space before the vent also is shielded. The scales of the tail are oblong, strongly keeled, arranged in regular rings. The fore-leg reaches to the extremity of the snout, if laid for- wards. The third and fourth fingers are equal in length, then follow the second, the fifth, and the first ; its anterior side and the fingers are covered with one-rowed imbricate shields, those of the fore-arm being the largest. The posterior extremity reaches to the posterior margin of the orbit, if laid forwards. The relative length of the toes does not differ from other species of the genus. The interior side of the limb and the upper parts of the foot are shielded, the re- mainder being granular. The shields of the upper leg form three rows, those of the lower are larger and form two only ; all are imbri- eate. The series of femoral pores is composed of twenty foramina. The ground colour of the upper parts is greenish-olive, irregularly and indistinctly speckled with darker. A greenish-white stripe runs from the muzzle along the vertebral line towards the middle of the tail, where it is gradually lost. A little before the eye, and distinctly from the eye begins a black lateral band, edged with greenish-white to the hip, and is lost soon after it has reached the side of the tail. The lower parts are uniformly greenish-white. A single specimen is in the collection. A404 inches. lines. Distance between the extremity of the snont and the tympanum..... Distance between the tympanum and the vent . Length of the tail Distance between the extremity ‘of the snout and the anterior margin of the orbit . Distance between the anterior angles of the orbits Length of the anterior extremity ............ of the third ingen 6s ae oe of the posterior extremity ....... ase = —iof the f00t-23 0322 te eee BoA eray aes of the dourth-toe: 2 25 oe ee ere eer — On © de ornNore oO “J bo © m— He NT Or Co CO Or bet 3. CUSTA BICARINATA, L. The exact habitat of this species was not known before. 4. Monoptocus, n. g. (Tede.) Tongue elongate, free, not sheathed, terminating in two very fine points. Palatine teeth none; the posterior teeth in the jaws bi- or tricuspid. Tympanum distinct. Throat with a single fold. Scales of the back exceedingly small, those of the sides granular ; gular and ventral shields keeled. Tail rounded, covered with keeled and verti- cillated scales of moderate size. Femoral pores none. MoNOPLOCUS DORSALIS, 0. Sp. Diagnosis.—A greenish-white longitudinal streak from the extre- mity of the snout to the middle of the back, where it is gradually lost. Description.—The general habit is slender. The snout is of mode- rate length, pyramidal; the nostril is laterally situated between the two nasals. “The successive series of shields covering the upper surface of the head is as follows :—1. The rostral shield is obtusely conical, as high as wide, with the posterior angle acute and produced backwards on the upper surface of the head. 2. A pair of anterior nasals, quadrangular, touching each other behind the rostral, and enclosing the greater part of the nostril. 3. A single anterior frontal, hexagonal, with the anterior and posterior angles obtuse, and with the outer sides shortest and in contact with the posterior nasal and the loreal. 4. A pair of posterior frontals, irregularly pentangular. 5. A single anterior parietal, the largest of the shields of the head, pentagonal, with the anterior side rather curved, and with the two hinder ones ree 6. A pair of posterior parietals, irregularly quadrangular. Five occipital shields, one forming the centre, the others being syattatbrically arranged. 8. The upper eyelid is covered by two larger and two or three smaller shields. The lateral shields of the head are the posterior nasal, the loreal, which is larger than the former, and three oculars, forming the an- terior and lower margin of the orbit. There are six very narrow upper labial shields and several smaller ones behind. 405 The single anterior labial of the lower jaw is slightly convex, as long as wide; there are five narrow shields along the side of the lip, the third being the longest. There is a single pentagonal chin-shield between the first two labials, forming a straight transverse suture with the front labial. Two series of shields arise from its two pos- terior sides, parallel to, and broader than, the series of the lower labials ; each is formed by four shields. The throat, before the col- lar, is covered with granular scales; the collar itself is formed by a fold, before which are some keeled scales of moderate size. The tympanum is round, of moderate extent, and not surrounded by any particular scales. The scales of the back are exceedingly small, smooth, imbrieate, those of the sides finely granular ; the ventral shields are quadran- gular, keeled, and form eleven longitudinal and thirty-one transverse series. The space before the vent also is shielded. The scales of the tail, which is rounded, are of moderate size, oblong, keeled, verti- cillated, each verticillus bemg formed by a single ring of scales. The fore-leg reaches to the extremity of the snout, if laid forwards. The third and fourth fingers are equal in length, then follow the fifth, the second, and the first; its anterior side and the fingers are covered with imbricate scales, those of the upper and fore-arm being keeled. The hind-leg reaches to the anterior margin of the orbit, if laid forwards. The toes have the usual relative length of this family. The interior side of the limb and the upper parts of the foot are similarly scaled as the fore-leg. There are no femoral pores. The ground colour is greenish-blue ; a greenish-white streak runs from the tip of the snout to the middle of the back, where it is gra- dually lost. A black serrated band on each side of the vertebral streak extends from the nostril to the loim, emitting cross-streaks to its fellow ; the anterior part of the tail also exhibits several irregular black cross-streaks. : A single specimen is in the collection. inches. lines. Distance between the extremity of the snout and PING tryATA PAUL, 20 oso pbs ors kes, we Savas c) wares 2 in, si OT Distance between the tympanum and the vent .. 1 7 enethwor the tall, (3: 3. )o6 ie oss ee es ote 4 0 Distance between the extremity of the snout and the anterior margin of the orbit .......... ee Oot) Distance between the anterior angles of the orbits 0 $ Length of the anterior extremity ...........- 0 10 On the ehind fMeeRe. 2 6 oes ie) ee: 0 = = 4 01 the. posterior extremity «66+. eee e a le OL Che HOO. i) oases coo eaters clare eters 0 10 of the fourth: toe 4. sae. seg oeere ore 0 7 5. CERCOSAURUS GAUDICHAUDI (Eecpleopus gaudichaudi, Dum. and Bibr.), Gray, Catal. p. 60. 6. CERCOSAURUS RHOMBIFER, nl. sp. (PI. XX. fig. A.) Diagnosis. —Scales smooth, in fifty cross series between the occi- 406 put and the origin of the tail. Brownish-grey, with a vertebral band, composed of rhombic brown spots, beginning on the middle of the trunk and distinct from the origin of the tail; a black band on each side of the neck. Description.—The head is slightly depressed, with the muzzle rather produced ; the body is cylindrical, and continued in a very long and strong rounded tail ; the extremities are rather short. The successive series of shields covering the upper surface of the head is as follows:—1. The rostral shield is broader than high, semi- circular, without posterior angle. 2. A single anterior frontal, pent- agonal, forming a straight transverse suture with the rostral ; its posterior angle is aright one. 3. A pair of posterior frontals, forming a short suture together, each being hexagonal, with three short and three longer sides. 4. A single anterior parietal, hexagonal, broadest anteriorly, with an obtuse angle in front and with the posterior sides shortest. 5. A pair of rather small posterior parietals. 6. Two series of occipital shields, the anterior being formed by three, the posterior by five ; those of the anterior series are the largest, and the middle one is hexagonal, elongate. 7. The roof of the orbit is covered by three larger and several smaller shields. The lateral shields of the head are, a single nasal, pierced in the centre by the nostril, a loreal of moderate size, and two anteorbitals. There are seven upper labials, longer than high. The front labial of the lower jaw is very much like the rostral; there are six rather narrow lower labials. A single pentagonal anterior chin-shield forms a straight transverse suture with the front labial ; then follow three pairs of shields, the posterior ones the largest, forming sutures to- gether, and not leaving a free space between them for smaller scales. The temples are scaly. The tympanum is placed immediately be- hind the cleft of the mouth; it is small, rounded, and rather deeply situated. All the body and the tail are covered with square smooth scales, arranged in rings, completely surrounding the body; the scales of one ring always alternate with those of the following. There are fifty rings between the occiput and the origin of the tail, thirty on the belly. The scales on the sides are rather smaller. The space before the vent is covered with larger shields, the extremities with hexagonal scales. A trace of a collar fold is just visible. The extremities are rather short: the fore-leg reaches to the mid- dle of the eye, if laid forwards. The third and fourth fingers are equal in length, then follow the second, the fifth, and the first. The hind-leg reaches a little before the middle of the trunk, if laid for- wards ; the fourth toe is the longest, the third and fifth are nearly equal in length, then follow the second and the first. There are no palatine teeth ; the posterior maxillary teeth are indistinctly tricuspid. The ground colour of the upper parts is brownish-grey from the middle of the trunk ; the dorsal line appears spotted with darker, the spots assuming the regular form of rhombs at the origin of the tail, and forming a continuous band to its tip; there is a similar 407 though paler band on each side of the tail. A dark stripe passes the eye and is continued as a black band to the axil. The lower parts are whitish, the tail dotted with greyish. A single adult female is in the collection. inches. lines. Distance between the extremity of the snout and GWG! CHaPATIUT eee cys Meet a ee Js ie a ate eS Distance between the tympanum and the vent .. 1 8 hemethe Of thectailigs. qaiies< gctcs ets Seaton «o's 5 0 Distance between the extremity of the snout and the anterior margin of the orbit............ Distance between the anterior angles of the orbits Length of the anterior extremity’ .......:.... ofethe: thind fingers. ent ikea oa Yet of the posterior extremity .. 2.2.0... 3% -——— of the fourth toe.................... ococoeoo 7. PROCTOPORUS PACHYURUS, Tschudi. 8. ENYALIUS LATICEPS, Guichen. A large adult specimen, probably a male; differs from the other smaller ones by having a series of larger scales along the side of the back, by having a distinct black collar, and a yellowish longitudinal band from the tympanum to the shoulder. 9. ANOLIS FRASERI, 0. sp. Diagnosis.—Snout moderately elongate and depressed, with a distinct canthus rostralis, and with a pair of obtuse ridges arising from the bony superciliary margins; a slight groove between those two ridges; the upper surface of the snout and the space between the orbits are covered with innumerable very small shields. Loreal region nearly flat, with five series of small shields. Occipital shield none, or scarcely distinguishable from the others. All the scales exceedingly small, those of the abdomen rather larger and keeled. Neck without any crest; trunk with a very slight serrated ridge, perceptible in large individuals only; tail not crested. Pouch of the throat well developed. Tail not compressed, not verticillated, with the scales keeled and small. Greyish- or brownish-olive ; back and tail with indistinct broad brown cross-bands. Description.—The snout is moderately depressed and slightly elongate, the distance between the anterior angles of the orbits being three-quarters of the distance between the orbit and the extremity of the snout ; anteriorly it is rounded. The canthus rostralis is dis- tinct, but not very sharp, and there is another pair of low convergent ridges, arising from the superciliary margin of the bony orbit and extending a little beyond the middle of the snout ; there is a shallow groove between those ridges, but the space between the ridges and the canthus rostralis is rather flat. The species is distinguished (especially from 4. sagr@ and nebu- losus) by the exceedingly small shields of the upper parts of its head ; 408 it is quite impossible to state their number; there is no occipital shield, or it is very small; in the middle of the upper eyelid is a group of somewhat larger shields, like those along the superciliary margin and the canthus rostralis, but they also are very small, com- pared with other species. The nostril opens laterally, and is situated immediately behind the extremity of the snout. The labial shields are exceedingly narrow; there are three or four series of smaller shields running parallel to that of the lower labials, the remainder of the throat being covered with granular scales. The tympanum is a small cleft, without any particular scales round its margin; the scales on the temple and on the neck are exceedingly small, granular. The pouch of the throat is well developed. There is a very low serrated ridge along the back of the largest of the specimens; the other dorsal scales are minute, those on the sides yet smaller, and those of the belly the largest, ovate and keeled. The scales on the side of the pouch are rather smaller than the others, and those on the pelvis and round the vent are uniformly granular. The tail is rounded, not verticillated or crested, but very slightly compressed in the upper part of the middle of its length. All the scales are sexangular, of moderate size, strongly keeled, the keels forming longitudinal ridges. The fore-leg does not, or scarcely, reach to the loin, if laid back- wards; it is covered with minute keeled scales, with granulations inferiorly. The inner finger is not dilated ; the fourth is the longest ; then follow, in the order of their length, the third, fifth, second, and finally the first. The total length of the hind-leg appears to vary according to age or sex; it reaches to the humeral joint only in the largest of the specimens, and to the anterior margin of the orbit in the smaller ones. It is covered with minute scales, the anterior ones being keeled. Nothing can be said of the coloration during life. The ground colour of the upper parts is now a greyish- or brownish-olive, with several indistinct broad bands across the back, and rings of the same colour round the tail; the lower parts are whitish, speckled with brown between the hind-legs; in the largest specimen the throat (not the pouch) and the lower side of the tail are brown. ‘This is one of the largest species of the genus, as will appear from the following measurements :— inches. lines. Distance between tympanum and the extremity of the snout ESE oie eanitnn eeae lon Distance between tympanum and vent........ 3 68 Length-ofthe tabi stein eee oo nee ale eee Total lene theo. cia cee, peli ct oy ae ee 10. LiocepHatus ornatus, Gray, Catal. p. 219. The specimens sent by Mr. Fraser belong to a variety of this species, without spots before the shoulder, and with a broad black gular band in very old individuals. : 409 11. LiocepHALUS IRIDESCENS, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. B.) The upper surface of the head covered with scales, without distinct shield; shoulder and throat without any fold. Scales of the upper parts distinctly keeled, of the belly nearly smooth. Above greenish- brown, with a dorsal series of black angular transverse streaks; a black collar. Description.—The head is rather short and high, above slightly convex, with the interspace between the bony orbits very narrow, and with the muzzle rather short, blunt, and rounded in front; the distance between the extremity of the snout and the anterior margin of the eye is equal to the distance between the anterior angles of the orbits. The nostril is directed upwards, round, situated more on the upper surface of the head than on the side, and formed by a tubular opening at the posterior extremity of a single small shield. The eye is of moderate size, with round pupil and an upper and a lower eyelid. The cleft of the ear is subelliptical, a little behind the cleft of the mouth and in front bordered by some small promi- nent scales. All the upper surface of the head is covered by scale- like imbricate shields, the two hindmost of which (on the sides of the occiput) are the largest; two series of these shields cover the space between the bony orbits, the roof of the orbit itself being formed by a series of five shields, and by small scales anteriorly and externally. Some of these head-shields exhibit feeble keels. The rostral shield is very low, but broad, covering all the anterior margin of the jaw; four very narrow upper labials, above which is situated another series of similar shields, the loreal region bemg irregularly shielded. The temples are covered with scales similar to those on the neck. The lower front labial is higher, but shorter, than the rostral; five narrow lower labial shields, internally to which are two other series of small oblong shields; there are two diverging series of broad shields arising from the posterior part of the front labial, passing posteriorly into the ordinary scales of the throat; all the throat is covered with smooth imbricate scales, similar in size and form to those of the belly. The trunk is subquadrangular, slightly depressed, and covered with rhombic scales of moderate size, keeled, and arranged in series which converge towards the vertebral line. There is a serrated and rather low crest from the neck along the back, which is lost near the middle of the tail. The scales on the belly form oblique series, and are smooth or very indistinctly keeled. No preeanal pores, the space before the vent being scaly like the belly. The tail is slightly compressed and covered with scales, arranged and shaped like those of the back, but rather more strongly keeled. ‘The scales, of the extremities also do not differ from the others. The fore-leg reaches to the loin, if laid backwards: the fourth finger is very little longer than the third; the second and fifth are considerably shorter, and nearly equal in length to each other ; the first is the shortest. They are smooth above, rough beneath, and provided with claws of mo- derate strength. The hind-leg reaches rather beyond the anterior 410 margin of the eye, if laid forwards ; the toes have the usual relative length of the species of this genus. No femoral pores. The ground colour of the upper parts is shining brownish-green, darker on the sides; a series of black cross-stripes, angularly bent, — and with the angle pointing backwards along the middle of the back ; they are more distinct in young than in old individuals ; the extre- mities have some indistinct irregular brown spots: there is, in some of the old specimens, a lighter stripe from above the tympanum along the side of the back to the origin of the tail. A black gular band, with some black dots besides, is complete in mature specimens, indicated by two black lateral spots only in young ones; the throat before the collar is beautifully iridescent, the chest behind it intensely yellow, and the belly and the anterior lower portion of the tail rose- coloured. The latter colours are merely indicated in very young specimens. | inches. lines. Distance between the extremity of the snout and the: tympanum, <<. 06% tcc eis ee ee 0.5 Distance between the tympanum and the vent... 2 4 Length of thetall: 7.0222 ccs a. oe Oe Distance between the extremity of the snout and the anterior margin of the orbit............ 0 3% Distance between the anterior angles of the orbits 0 34 Length of the entire fore-leg ......... 1 4 of the fourth finger ~odes, Ca pee es eae ——_— of the entire hind-leg................ 2 4 of the foots: 0. 5b sou ee tee ce ee of the fourth tOe? serci i cts pee Ut) 12. IGUANA TUBERCULATA, Laur. 13, GYMNODACTYLUS CAUDISCUTATUS, N.. sp. Diagnosis.—Scales of the back and of the sides granular, of the belly rhombic and imbricate. The lower part of the tail with broad shields, extending from one side to the other: five upper labials. Snout rather depressed, nearly twice as long as the distance between the eyes. Head white, reticulated with black. Hab. Andes of Ecuador. Description.—This species is allied to Homonota gaudichaudi and Gymnodactylus d orbignyi, from which it may be distinguished by the caudal shields. The head and snout, the latter especially, are much more depressed than in H. gaudichaudi, and appear also more produced. The rostral shield is large, rounded, extending on to the upper surface of the head; the upper lip is bordered by five plates, all the upper surface of the head and the sides being granular. The lower median labial shield is oblong, far produced backwards, and has a pair of small shields behind: there are three lower labials. The ear-opening is small, situated horizontally on the same level with the cleft of the mouth. All the upper and lateral parts are granu- 4il lar, the granulations of the posterior part of the back being a little more scale-like. The belly and the inner side of the extremities have rhombic, imbricate scales. The shields of the lower side of the tail are narrow, broad, extending from one side to the other. No preanal or femoral pores. The fore-leg, if laid forwards, reaches beyond the anterior margin of the orbit. The fingers are slender, of moderate length: the first is the shortest, then comes the second, the third, and finally the fourth and fifth, which are nearly equal. The hind-leg, if laid for- wards, reaches to the humeral joint. The toes are similar to the ~ fingers: the first is the shortest, then comes the second, then the third and fifth, which are equal in length, and finally the fourth, which, although the longest, does not extend beyond the tip of the third. The teeth are small: the palate is toothless. The ground colour is greyish or brown. Some of the specimens (the light-coloured ones) have a lighter dorsal streak, with pairs of brown spots ; the brown specimens have the dorsal streak and spots indistinct, but are irregularly spotted with bluish, each spot being edged with darker colouring. The head of all is whitish, with sym- metrical, reticulated black lines, one from the eye towards the snout being very constant. Chin, throat, and breast white, the throat sometimes speckled with black ; the belly greyish; the lower parts of the tail grey. inches. lines. Distance between the extremity of the snout and (HOWE: yaa OP NATO ON OE Cnr Nic ae Pies races ol Comite ate O55 Distance between the tympanum and the vent .. | 4 mabeneth ot the tall 2. i netic cea ose wae 2s 1336 Motalalenoth: sacee wis cnc ay cy eeproe e a D OPHIDIA. 1. RHABDOSOMA CRASSICAUDATUM, Dum. and Bibr. p. 103. A single specimen, with the back uniform lead-coloured, which colour extends on the sides of the belly ; the middle of the belly uniform yellowish. 2. RHABDOSOMA MACULATUM, Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 241. There are some beautiful specimens of this species in the collec- tion, one of which is twenty-three mches long. The light ground colour becomes darker with age, and is changed into light brown ; consequently the brown spots become less distinct, are more dilated, and the white edges nearly lost. Brownish spots appear sometimes on the belly. 3. RHaspposoma ELAps, Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 241. 412 4. SrREPTOPHORUS DROzII, Dum. and Bibr. p. 518. A single specimen, which belongs to a very distinct variety ; the collar is absent ; the body uniform black above, and brownish below. 5. HoMALOCRANIUM MELANOCEPHALUM, L. 6. CoroNELLA DECORATA, Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 35. A single specimen, which somewhat differs in colour from those described before,—the back and the sides of the belly being greyish- black, and the yellow lateral band on the anterior part of the trunk being reduced to three spots on each side of the head and neck. 7. LiOPHIS COBELLA, L. A single small specimen. 8. LiopHis TzN1uRvS, Tschudi, Faun. Peruan. Herpetol. p. 51. tab. 5 (not good). : 9. Herpretopryas Fuscus, L., young, = Dendrophis viridis, Dum. and Bibr. p. 202. pl. 79; cfr. Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 114. 10. HERPETODRYAS BRUNNEUS, Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 116. 11. Herpetopryas rAppit, Gthr. Colubr. Snakes, p. 116. Three examples, which differ from the typical specimens in having one upper labial shield less, the anterior two being united into one; they all have the dark streak through the eye distinct. In one of the specimens, thirty-one inches long, the three series of quadran- gular spots continue to be distinct, whilst they have nearly disap- peared in another of forty-one inches length; this specimen has, however, a pair of lighter indistinct longitudinal streaks, like some specimens of Herpetodryas boddertii, running along the line where the dorsal series of spots meets the lateral one. The throat in these two specimens is spotted with black—not entirely black. The third specimen, of thirteen inches length, is beautifully preserved; the ground colour of the back is white, and all the spots are of a deep black ; the belly is black, with scattered white spots. 12. AHAHTULLA OCCIDENTALIS, 0. sp. Diagnosis.—Loreal shield none; eight upper labials, the fourth and fifth coming into the orbit ; the length of the snout equals the distance between the eyes. Scales in fifteen rows, those of the back keeled. Uniform green, rather darker on the back; an indistinct blackish temporal streak. Hab. The western parts of tropical South America (Ecuador, Guayaquil, New Granada, Peru, Chile). : This species has been confounded with the most common tree- snake of eastern South America, dhetulla liocercus. Schlegel men- tions a uniformly greenish variety of the latter from Chile (Essai, u1. p- 226), undoubtedly identical with the present one. On a former 413 occasion I did not venture to separate a single specimen from Guaya- quil, in the collection of the British Museum, and in a.bad state of preservation, from the common species (Catal. Col. Snakes, p. 153, spec. «) ; but now, having found a very fine individual in Mr. Fraser’s collection, I can no longer doubt its specific difference. The most striking character is the number of the upper labials, which in A. liocercus is nine, the fourth and fifth coming into the orbit. It is true that there occur scarce specimens of 4. liocercus which have one upper labial less, so far agreeing with 4. occidentalis; but the relative length of the snout, nevertheless, remains the same. As the snout and the head are considerably shorter in J. occidentalis, so are the trunk and the tail; it is altogether a stouter snake. Corre- sponding to this, the scales are less elongate, especially those of the outer rows, which are nearly rhombic. Further, the coloration is nearly uniform, as in Philodryas viridissimus, the belly not being white—merely of a lighter greenish than the back. The lips and the chin, which are white in 4. liocercus, are greenish; and the black streak through the eye in d. liocercus is here indicated only by a _ blackish temporal streak. These differences together induce me to separate the two species, which in the dentition agree with each other, although the teeth of 4. occidentalis appear to be rather stronger and more widely set. The numbers of the plates are as follows :— Ventrals. Caudals. In A. liocercus from New Granada* ...... 166 158 In A. liocercus from Demerara .......... 166 163 In 4. occidentalis from Guayaquil........ 1722133 ‘In A. occidentalis from Ecuador. . Ce et OO 130 This similarity in the number of the Ventral shields appears to contradict my statement of A. occidentalis having a stouter trunk than 4. hocercus ; but there is a remarkable difference in the form of those shields : their length is one-half only of their width in A. liocercus, whilst it is nearly one-fourth in A. occidentalis. Therefore the diagnosis of Ahetulla liocercus will now be: — Loreal shield none ; nine upper labials, the fifth and fourth coming into the orbit (exceptionally, the second and third united); the length of the snout -is more than the distance between the eyes. Scales in fifteen rows, those of the back keeled. Green above, white beneath. A black streak through the eye; the upper lip white. Berthold, /. c., describes Dendrophis liocercus from New Granada, and it appears to me as if that specimen also ought to be referred to A. occidentalis. He describes the body as slender, though rather stout. ‘‘One would take it for a Herpetodryas, the body being at least twice as thick as in D. liocercus; the head also is much broader. The colour i 1s uniform leek-green ; a and margins of the ribs yellowish-green.”’ 13. Leproperra (Drpsas) annuxata, Schleg. * Berthold, Ueber Reptilien aus Neu Granada, p. 11. 414 14. LerroGNATHUS MIKANII, Mus. Vienn. The specimens in the collection are darker-coloured than usually ; some have additional przeoculars, some not ; and all have three pairs of chin-shields, which do not differ in form from those of the Brazil specimens. The lateral blotches extend on the belly, which is densely marbled with black, and posteriorly entirely black. The white edge of the dorsal spots is scarcely visible. 15. LEPTOGNATHUS CATESBYI, Weigel. 16. OxyrHoPUS PLUMBEUS, Wied. Scales in seventeen series, those of the dorsal series being distinctly larger. In two of the specimens the loreal shield is united with the posterior frontal. 17. OxyRHOPUS PETOLARIUS, L. A single specimen of a variety, apparently not yet recorded, has been sent by Mr. Fraser. The scales of the dorsal series are a little larger. The muzzle and crown are black, the neck red. The body and tail are surrounded by thirty-three black bands, a little broader than the red interspaces between. 18. ELAps SEMIPARTITUS, Dum. and Bibr. p. 1220. A single beautiful specimen with the colours preserved, thirty- one inches long. The occipital region is light vermilion. The ground colour of the trunk is yellowish-white and appears in very narrow rings, which occupy two scales superiorly and two plates inferiorly ; the ground colour of the tail is dark vermilion and forms rather broad bands. The trunk is encircled by seventy-six black rings, the tail by four. 19. CRASPEDOCEPHALUS ATROX, L. One of the young specimens has a whitish tail (Cr. leucurus, Dum. and Bibr. p. 1508). 20. CRASPEDOCEPHALUS BILINEATUS, Wied. A single adult specimen of this scarce snake is im the collection. 21. LAcHEsSIS NiTIDUS, n. sp. (Pl. XX. fig. C.) Diagnosis.—Nasal single ; eight upper labials, the second forming the anterior margin of the loreal pit ; a series of rough scales between the superciliary and the orbital margin ; all the caudal plates simple. Twenty-two series of scales. Greenish-brown, speckled with black ; pairs of darker spots along ail the back, the spots of each pair con- fluent on the vertebral line, laterally including a red, superiorly yel- low spot; the yellow parts alternating with those of the other side. — A yellow longitudinal band along the two outer series of scales. Belly yellow along the middle, brownish-green on the sides, the latter parts being spotted with red and speckled with black. Hab. Western Andes of Keuador. 415 Description.—Little can be added to the diagnosis of this beau- tiful ‘species, the colours of which .are exceedingly well preserved. The upper part of the head is entirely covered with keeled scales, those on the canthus rostralis being rather larger. The eyebrow is covered with an elliptical shield, separated from the orbital margin by a series of rough scales, as in Trigonocephalus schlegelu. The scales of the trunk and tail are strongly keeled. One hundred and fifty-four abdominal, one entire anal, and sixty-five undivided caudal plates. The yellow median line on the belly disappears on the tail, where the lateral streak also is interrupted by the red spots. inches. lines. Benethottheilicdd ee. Or s9 Olative CUM ee esse SV eptis eye pero sie BO tO Olebe Call Cortese hin aes et SS a isos OOO Motel length roo S. ce tease pace econ pais sans 16 9 BATRACHIA. _—_1. CYCLORHAMPHUS MARMORATUS, Dum. and Bibr. p. 455. 2. Buro acua, Latr. 3. Buro INTERMEDIUS, Gthr. 4. BUFO CERULEOSTICTUS, N. Sp. Diagnosis.—Crown of the head without bony enlargement, broad, flat. Parotids narrow, oblong, parallel to the vertebral line; tym- panum not visible externally. Toes half-webbed; the third finger ae longer than the fourth. Tarsus with a cutaneous fold. Uniform brownish-black ; the posterior part of the sides and the extremities with small, smooth, bluish tubercles. Description.—The skin of this species is comparatively smooth, there being small and smooth tubercles on the sides of the body only and on the extremities, a few also on the upper eyelids. The head is large and broad, with the sides nearly vertical, with the canthus rostralis angular, and with the upper surface quite flat. The snout is rather short and truncated. The tympanum is not visible; the interior nostrils and the eustachian tubes are small. The tongue is ovate, with the posterior half free. The parotid is narrow, elongate, nearly as long as the head, and situated in a line parallel to the ver- tebral column. The extremities are more slender than usually in this genus; the total length of the anterior extremity equals the distance between the vent and the ear. The first (interior) finger is the thickest, longer than the second, but rather shorter than the fourth ; the third and fourth are united at the base, the third being the longest ; the metacarpus with two tubercles, the interior of which at the root of the thumb is elongate, the exterior broad, rounded. The length of the posterior extremity, from the hip to the carpal joint, equals the length of the animal from the snout to the vent ; 416 the tarsus has a cutaneous fold, the metatarsus two tubercles. The toes are half-webbed, the third and fifth being equal in length. The colour of the upper parts is a uniform brownish-black, of the lower parts a dirty greyish-brown ; the upper eyelids, the sides of the trunk, and the extremities exhibit small, smooth, bluish tubercles. Two specimens are in the collection. inches. tines. Length from the snout to the vent............ 3 20 Lenethyofthe, head! petite) eee ee 0 112 Breadth‘ of the head: se...) c. ¢ sons Bee oe el Length of the: parotid okt. 32s octet ot. thetantenion extrenuty, 9 > 148 ae Ze of the third, fiager (2h eo eee ere O58 of the posterior extremity... L. lat. 28. L. transv. 3/9. Nape of the neck convex ; the upper profile of the head is straight, abruptly descending. The total length is three times the height of the body, and 32 times the length of the head. The width be- tween the orbits equals 1} diameters of the eye. The posterior dorsal and anal rays reach to the middle of the caudal, if laid back- wards, and the ventral to the second anal spine. Greyish-green, with broad dark vertical bars, less distmct with age. A black blotch below the lateral line, corresponding to the last four dorsal spines ; preorbital and cheeks with oblique, waving, bluish, shining silvery streaks ; the scales of the operculum and of the anterior part of the body with spots of the same colour. Dorsal fin with dark longi- tudinal streaks ; ventral and anal greyish ; pectoral and caudal colour- less.—Several specimens of different ages; the largest 4 inches long. 3. LEBIASINA BIMACULATA, Cuv. et Val. 4. Macropon TAREIRA, Cuv. et Val. 5. LEPORINUS FREDERICI, Bloch. 6. ANODUS TROSCHELII, 0. sp. D.12. A.10. V.9. L.lat. 46. L. transv. 7/8. The total length is four times the height of the body, and 42 times the length of the head. The width of the space between the eyes is not quite one-half the length of the head ; the diameter of the eye is one-fourth of it. The height of the dorsal is much less than the length of the head, and its origin corresponds to the fourteenth scale of the lateral line ; the base of the ventrals falls vertically below the middle of the Sane Silvery, back greenish; a black spot on the root of the caudal. Hab. Western Andes of Ecuador. 419 inches. lines. Total length . Height of the body .. Reese es reine eae lee ene th otthe mead cee os acts wc es Leg Width between-the orbits: 2... 845 ele 0 54 Miameter Ol CHELeVe 5 60a 1s Ss a ee ee 0 . 35 Elem, of the-dorsal \... 52). acce. 2 sien es O41 Height of the anal ...... tes SE ean ae Ooe7 There can be no doubt that this is quite a different species from Anodus alburnus, described and figured by Miller and Troschel in the ‘ Hore Ichthyologice.’ The difference from Curimatus gilbert, figured by Quoy and Gaimard, and insufficiently described by Valen- ciennes, must be rather inferred, by help of the figure of dAnodus alburnus. Valenciennes describes it as a fish of entirely the same form as 4. alburnus ; therefore it is very improbable that our spe- cies 1s identical with it, as it has the back very little elevated (as in Leuciscus vulgaris), the dorsal fin much lower and situated far more backwards, so that its end falls vertically as much behind the ventral as its origin before it. The somewhat greater number of the scales of the lateral line corresponds with these differences. 7. PROCHILODUS HUMERALIS, 0. sp. Ags AS V-10.7 Li. lat:-33.: L. transv. 5/7. The total length is 34 times the height of the body, and nearly five times that of the head. The width between the eyes is one-half the length of the head, or nearly twice the diameter of the eye; the end of the dorsal falls vertically above the end of the base of the ventral. Back greenish, sides and belly yellowish ; each longitudinal series. of scales with a shining streak. A black spot behind the shoulder on the fourth, fifth, and sixth scales of the lateral line. No spot on the root of the tail ; dorsal dotted with blackish posteriorly ; the other fins immaculate. - Hab. Western Andes of Ecuador. inches. lines. Miotamlene EN eects 5 = alee s Ses Hesht of the body ...... <: east ofthe Weader 26s ey. Madth between the orbits 7. : 2.2... a. .c29. Sanaa 1 4 Width ‘between,theleyes:: 24) 2235 0 4 Diameter of thé eyece: 27 rasa ee er as ee Height. of the dorsal 5 2. ssc) uia§< Seneee O°. ox Height of the anal -cey 53s ase see ee a One of the specimens has blackish Sortie lines all along the side, and the fins broadly margined with blackish. Another has the ven- tral fins very short, only half the usual length, though with the full number of rays. 9. CHALCEUS BREVIROSTRIS, 0. sp. Doll. A. 37. V. 82 L.dat) AG. transys The height of the body is one-fourth of the total length, the length of the head one-fifth. [The width between the orbits equals the diameter of the eye, and is rather more than the extent of the snout*. | The snout is short and obtuse, the upper maxillary slightly overreach- ing the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye. ‘The anterior teeth are the strongest, those of the lower jaw much stronger than the upper ones. The ventral fin reaches to the origin of the anal, the pectoral somewhat beyond the base of the ventral. Scales very thin. The laterai line descends in a gentle curve from its origin, and runs a little nearer to the ventral margin than to the dorsal. Shining silvery, with an indistinct lateral band, continued to Le middle of the caudal margin, where it is black. Hab. Western Andes of Ecuador. inches. lines. Lota) leneth cc ee en ee ee 7 Height of the body. 2. os. 7525 Ja 5s as ee ee Leneth of the Head . 0 cgs5 ss - sicece ete ee Diameter of the eye eee OZ 10. PrmeLopvs, sp.? A single mutilated specimen. 11. HypostoMus ERINACEUS, Guy: & Val.= Chetostoma lobo- rhynchus, Tschudi, Faun. Peruan. Ichth. p. 29. tab. 4. 1 1 Opa * These statements may require modification upon examination of mature spe- cimens, as those collected by Mr. Fraser are perhaps young ones. 421 8. Description or 4 New Species oF ANOLIS FROM CENTRAL America. By Dr. A. GinrHer, Forergn Meme. Zoou. Soc. The following new species of Anolis was discovered by M. Sallé in Central America, and is now in the Collection of the British Museum. ANOLIS SALLAI, 0. sp. Diagnosis.—Snout moderately elongate and rather depressed, with the canthus rostralis sharp, and with a pair of obtuse ridges, arising from the bony superciliary margins and divergent anteriorly ; a slight groove between these two ridges; the upper surface of the head is covered with small shields ; occipital shield present. Loreal region slightly concave, with four series of small shields. Scales of the back, belly, and tail distinct, imbricate, strongly keeled; those of the sides very small; no trace of a crest ; tail rounded, not verti- cillated ; gular pouch small. Greyish or brownish, with a more or less distinct yellowish vertebral band ; sides and belly sometimes with fine blackish longitudinal lines. Description.—The snout is moderately depressed and slightly elongate, the distance between the anterior angles of the orbits being a little less only than that between the orbit and the extremity of the snout. The canthus rostralis is distinct and, near the orbit, rather sharp. There is another pair of low ridges, arising from the bony superciliary margin and divergent anteriorly, with a slight groove between; they extend to the middle of the length of the - snout. The shields of the upper surface of the head are small, arranged in irregular transverse series, about seven in the series between the angles of the orbit ; the shields along the bony super- ciliary margin are rather larger, but both series are separated from each other by smaller shields. Aun occipital shieldis distinct. The nostril opens laterally, and is situated immediately behind the extremity of the snout. The labial shields are exceedingly narrow, eight or ten im number; three or four series of smaller shields run parallel to that of the lower labials, the remainder of the throat being covered with very small polygonal scales. The pouch of the throat is very little developed. The tympanum is very small. The temple and the neck are granular. No crest whatever is visible, but the scales of the back are very distinet, imbricate, keeled; those of the sides are one-half smaller and smooth ; those of the belly rhombic and distinctly keeled, rather larger than the dorsal ones. The tail is rounded, not verticillated or crested, covered with rhombic, imbricate, strongly keeled scales, the keels forming longitudinal ridges. The fore-leg does not reach to the loin, if laid backwards; it.is covered with rhombic keeled scales, and with minute smooth ones inferiorly ; the fingers are slightly dilated ; the fourth is very little longer than the third, then follow the fifth, the second, and the first. The hind-leg reaches beyond the tympanum, if laid forwards; it 1s covered with keeled 422 scales, except the inferior and poster ior sides of the humerus, which are granular. The ground colour of the upper parts is greyish or brownish, darkest along the margins of the vertebral band ; a broad yellowish or yellow dorsal band reaches from the occipital shield to the tail, where it is gradually lost. The lower parts are whitish. In one of the two specimens, the sides, the belly, and the lower part of the tail are longitudinally lined with blackish. inches. lines. Distance between the tympanum and the extre- mity of the snout, Fs eS ee ee 0 5% Distance between the tympanum and the vent .. 1 4 Length of the tail ..... 4 0 Distance between the. extremity of the snout and the anterior margin of the orbit............ QF 2k Distance between the anterior angles of the orbit Q 24 Length of the fore-lee a. 5. Pie G2 4.8 of the hind-leg 5 eae 9. DESCRIPTIONS OF BUTTERFLIES FROM THE COLLECTION OF Mr. Watuace. By W. C. Hewirson. (Annulosa, Pls. LXVI. LXVII.) PAPILIONIDA. 1. Paprnio pARADOXxA, var. (Pl. LXVII. figs. 1, 2, 3, and Pl. LXVI. fig. 4.) Zelima paradoxa, Zinken Sommer, pl. 15. Papilio paradoxus, Westw. Orient. Ent. pl. 9. Papilio telearchus, Hewitson, Trans. Ent. Soc. u. n.s. pl. 6. Upper side of male (fig. 1) dark brown; both wings with a sub- marginal band of white spots; anterior wing with its outer half glossed with blue; two spots within the cell, one near the costal margin and one near the costal margin beyond the middle, light blue. Under side of a uniform rufous-brown, with the submarginal spots as above. Female (fig. 2) rufous-brown ; both wings with a submarginal band of white spots as in the male. Anterior wing with its outer half dark brown glossed with blue; a longitudinal ray and two spots of white within the cell ;-a transverse curved band of hastate white spots tinted with blue beyond the middle; two rays of dirty white forming a triangle near the inner margin; the margin itself of the same colour. Posterior wing with a loop-ray of white within the cell, and similar rays between the nervures, each ray having at its termination a lunular spot also white; the outer margin spotted with white ; under side as above, except that there 1s no blue. By aN 1 y Wal Wig ; OK if oSek ENOUOE Lulo OSa. LL WNe v | ah | | Ha WC Hewitson, del et lth 1859. J. 2 Wi 1+, Printed by Harllmandel & Walton | 4 PAPILIO PARADOXA. var 5.6. PB NOCTIS ewitson, del et ith 1859. os tee © PARADOXA Var Printed by Hullmandel & Walton. 423 Variety A, female (fig. 3). Dark brown; both wings with a submarginal band of white spots ; anterior wing with two white spots within the cell, and five large white hastate spots near the apex; posterior wing with the outer margin spotted with white. Variety B, female (fig. 4). Anterior wing dark brown.; posterior wing rufous-brown, with a ray of lighter brown within the cell and between each of the nervures ; a submarginal band of rufous lunules ; the outer margin spotted with white. Expanse, ¢ 4 inches, 9 4,4 inches. Hiab. Borneo. Widely as the four Butterflies figured in the two plates differ from each other, I have little doubt that they are of the same species, —varieties of paradoxa of Zinken Sommer, and also of telearchus of Hewitson. The typical paradoxa is from Java. The insects now described wee taken in Borneo by Mr. Wallace. Telearchus is a native of ylhet. 2. Parizio Noctis, Hewitson. (Pl. LXVI. figs. 5, 6.) Upper side of female dark brown; all the nervures, except those which enclose the cell, margined with lighter colour, with white near the apex of the anterior wing and the outer margin of the posterior wing ; posterior wing with a band of dirty white near the outer mar- gin; outer margin of both wings light yellow. Under side as above, except that the margins of the nervures of the anterior wing are whiter, and that the outer margin of the poste- rior wing is broadly cream-colour, marked with a double row of black spots. Expanse 4,%, inches. Hab. Borneo. I had at first named this Butterfly Papilio nox, believing it only a variety of that species. Having since seen several females of now, none of which have either the light margin or black spots of the pos- terior wing of this insect, I have thought it better to consider it at present as a distinct species; I have not, however, done so to follow in the steps of those who give names to varieties, because I think that custom entirely indefensible. . The Butterflies of the East seem to be subject to vary more than those of other countries. It is usual amongst entomologists to argue, that if two insects, however closely resembling each other, come from distant localities, they must be distinct species. I would reverse the argument and say, that two insects, differing but slightly, are most likely distinct species if they come from the same locality ; but if they come from a distance, they are most likely the same species changed by the 424 difference of locality. Those localities need not be far distant from each other to produce the variety, if the sea divides them. 10. On a New Species oF THE Famity PAPILIONIDZ FROM Batcaran. By GreorcGe Rosert Gray, F.L. & Z.S., etc. (Annulosa, Pls. LXVIII. LXIX.) In the Catalogue of the family of Papilionide, which 1 formed on the specimens contained in the Collection of the British Museum, I enumerated several species that belong to the subdivision Ornitho- ptera, which had previously been considered as only varieties of Papilio priamus. It now falls to my lot to add another splendid species (also supposed by some entomologists to form only a further variety of that insect), sent by the indefatigable collector and natu- ralist, Mr. A. R. Wallace, from the Island of Batchian, one of the Moluccas. The beautiful golden colour of the insect about to be described, has induced the discoverer to propose for it the name of Ornitho- ptera creesus, which I have adopted. I should otherwise have called it after Mr. Wallace himself, as a slight record of the valuable ser- vices he has rendered to entomology during his sojourn amongst the Eastern Isles. I am further led to describe this insect as distinct from any hitherto recorded, as, after a careful comparison with all the others, many peculiarities can be pointed out, which will be in- corporated in the following account. Papitio (ORNITHOPTERA) CRESUS. Primary wings deep black, with the anterior band widening to- wards the middle, and this is of a golden orange-colour ; this colour is also represented by an abbreviated band at the base of the inner margin, and by a few scattered specks on the inner and outer margins. Secondary wings of a dull orange-colour, with some spots of kings- yellow ; this difference of colour is occasioned by the semitrans- parency of the more decided spots of the under surface of the wings when the insect is held against the light; the base, subcostal and medial nervures, first subcostal nervules, and the narrow edge on the outer margin are deep black. A black spot is sometimes found between the second and the first discoidal nervules. The under surface of the primary wings is most like that of Ornithoptera richmondia in the form of the markings, but they are of a rich golden-green. The under surface of the secondary wings also closely approaches that of Ornithoptera richmondia ; but it is of a gulden-green, with a lengthened spot of rich kings-yellow above the black spot be- tween the costal nervure and the first nervule, and a small spot below the black spot ; the same kind of yellow spot above and below the black spot mm each space between the first and second nervules en Se oa ae Py f qa 7 = TT Proc.Z.S. Anmulosa LXVIII W.West imp ' G.H Ford. Bae eMC en RO REP EE 62 Proc. 4.0. Anmilosa LAIX W. West imp Fapilio Croesus, 2. 425 and the second and first discoidal nervules ; the next two black spots with a yellow spot beneath each: in the discoidal cell is placed a lengthened spot of kings-yellow. The anal angle kings-yellow, with- out any black spot such as is found in the other species. The base, nervures, and narrow margin deep black. Length across the primary wings 63 inches. Mr. Westwood has remarked, that he was not sure whether the present insect “might not bea local variety of Ornithoptera priamus.” I will, however, point out some dissimilarities, which induce me to differ from so high an authority. The form of the primary wings appears rather shorter and thereby broader than in O. priamus, while the band that runs near the anterior margin is much broader; the middle and these wings are without the band that. borders the poste- rior and exterior margins, except at the base of the former, where there is an abbreviated band, and but slight indication of spots (formed by a series of minute specks) on the latter. The dull black hirsute space is formed of a single large spot, which in O. priamus is composed of two, a large one and small one. The under surface of the primary wings has the golden-green spots that occupy the spaces between the nervures divided by a wider irregular band than is found in O. priamus. The secondary wings are without the black spots at the anal angle ; and the marginal border is much narrower, while the edge is less dentated than in O. priamus. The under surface of the secondary wings has various gold marks not found in O. priamus : one in the discoidal cell; and a spot above each of the black spots between the second and third discoidal ner- vules is very small, while the marginal black spots are further removed from the outer margin: the discoidal cell is more broadly surrounded with black. Many of these peculiarities cause Mr. Wallace’s insect to approach nearer the species I have named Papilio (Ornithoptera) rich- mondia, than any of the others recorded in my Catalogue of the family Papilionide ; viz. the want of the posterior and exterior band, the single form ‘of the dull black space on the primary wings, the increased number of the golden spots on the under surface of the secondary wings, and the breadth of the black margin within the discoidal cell. It may also be remarked that the female is decidedly more like that of P. richmondia in its colour and markings than the same sex _ of P. priamus. / ‘11. Description or A New Species or Enrozoon, Scurro- STOMA SIPUNCULIFORME, FROM THE INTESTINES OF THE EveprHant. By W. Bairp, M.D., F.L.S. The genus Sclerostoma, which forms only a section of the genus Strongylus of Rudolphi, but which has been adopted by De Blain- ville, Dujardin, and Diesing, is not numerous in species. Removing 426 the genus Syngamus of Siebold from it (which, however, is not ad- mitted by Diesing), there would remain only four, or perhaps five species. Two of these have been observed in the Horse (Hquus ca- ballus), the Ass (£. asinus), and in the Mule; a third in the Pig (Sus scrofa) and in the Peccaries (Dicotyles torquatus and albirostris); a fourth in the American Tapir (Tapirus americanus) ; and perhaps a fifth in the Puma (Felis concolor). An addition to this small number may not be uninteresting. The Sclerostome which I am now about to describe is a small Nematoid worm, of from 10 lines to 1 inch in length; of a light flesh-colour when alive, but nearly white in spirits. The body is cylindrical in shape, thicker in the middle, tapering towards each extremity, aud finely striated across, though the striz are rather distant from each other. The head is rather large, cylindrical, about 1 line in length, truncated at the apex, thicker than the neck, and separated from it by a distinct line or groove. The mouth is orbi- cular, placed in the centre of the truncated part of the head, and surrounded with two horny capsules or bullee, the limb or margins of which are each armed with a row of numerous teeth. The limb of the external capsule is the larger of the two ; and the teeth, though numerous, are less so than in the internal limb, and are stronger and pointed outwards. The limb of the inner capsule is much smaller, the teeth very minute and exceedingly numerous. This portion of the body does not differ in the two sexes. The tail of the male is in the form of a membranous expansion or pouch surrounding this extremity of the body, and is divided into. three lobes. The central lobe is the largest, and is supported by seven ribs or rays, three in the middle and two at each side. The three central ribs are dichotomous, and the middle one of these has its two branches sending off two or three short processes, like buds ; the two others are simple. Of the lateral ribs (two on each side), the innermost one is dichotomous, the two branches into which it is divided sending off short processes or buds; the outer rib is simple. The two lateral lobes of this caudal expansion are smaller than the central one, and are each supported by four simple ribs. The tail of the female terminates in a rather long and sharp point, which is oblique in position to the body, owing to a sort of tubercle, about half a line from its extremity, under which is situated the anus. This aperture is very distinctly seen immediately underneath the tubercle ; and the vulva, which is not very conspicuous, and is in the form of a narrow slit across the body, is situated immediately above the tubercle. The cesophagus is rather long, and terminates in a lobed stomach, which extends for a short distance and then terminates in a straight intestinal canal running through the whole length of the animal. The uterus is peculiar in form, and presents a very pretty appearance under the microscope ; it is two-branched, and has during its length several expansions or swellings followed by contractions; and the ovaries are very long and twisted round the intestine. This species of Sclerostome differs in many characters from any 427 other that I have seen. From the common Sclerostome of the Horse, Sel. armatum, it differs in the position of the vulva in the female, in the sharp pointed tail, and the cylindrical head; from the male it differs in the structure of the caudal pouch and the form of the head. From the other species found in the Horse, Scl. tetracanthum, it differs in the form of the head and the circle of teeth round the limb of the external capsule of the mouth, and in the structure of the caudal pouch of the male. They differ also in the relative sizes of the two sexes: in both of these species the female is longer than the male, whereas in the species now described the male is longer than the female; and it is rather curious that there is amongst the specimens collected a much greater proportional number of males than of females. From the two other species of Sclerostome found in the Pig and in the Tapir, this one differs in the structure of the caudal pouch of the male, the shape of the head, &c. _ Very few opportunities, apparently, have occurred to helmintho- logists of examining the bodies of Elephants. In Diesing’s enume- ration of Entozoa found in the Mammalia, only one species is men- tioned by him as having been observed and described as a parasite of this Pachyderm. This is an Ascaris, first mentioned by the cele- brated Rudolphi as infesting the liver. The same parasitic worm has since then been found in the biliary ducts of a young Indian Elephant in America by Dr. Jackson of Boston. In his mention of this Ascaris (Ascaris lonchoptera, Diesing), Dr. Jackson states that it occurred along with numerous specimens of a Distoma, which he refers to the species D. hepaticum. The poor animal from which these worms were taken died of disease of the liver with ascites, and there was found also a large, deep, chronic ulcer in the stomach. The species here described will now make a third parasite recorded as belonging to the Elephant. I am indebted for it to Mr. Edward Gerard of the British Museum, who found it in the large intestines of a young Indian Elephant which recently died in London, after having been only a very short time in England. This animal, from Mr. Gerard’s account of it, had suffered also from dropsy, as a large quantity of water escaped upon opening the abdomen. SCLEROSTOMA SIPUNCULIFORME, Baird. Caput cylindricum, magnum, truncatum ; oris limbo interno den- ticulis densis, externo aculeis majoribus numerosis, -armato. Corpus rectum, utrinque attenuatum, sipunculiforme, bursa maris triloba, lobo intermedio producto, radiis septem (quorum quinque bifurcate sunt) instructo ; lobis lateralibus radis quatuor instructis ; eatremitate caudali femine oblique trun- cata, subulata, apertura genitali supra caude apicem. Long. feminze 10 lineze, long. maris 1 uncia. Hab. In intestinis crassis Elephantici indici. Mus. Brit. 428 12. Descriptions or New SHELLS IN THE COLLECTION OF H. Cumine. By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S. (Mollusea, Pl. X LIX.) 1. SPonDYLUS vicToRi (fig. 8). S. testa subregulari, depressa, ovali, alba, ad umbones roseo variegata, costis quatuor magnis, paululum elevatis, intermedius alternatis angustioribus ; spinis majoribus elongatis, arcuatis, ad terminos palmatis, depressis, ad latera undulatim fimbriatis ; spinis minoribus aculeatis, ar- cuatis, spins valve inferioris elongatis, arcuatis, concavis. Hab. Gulf of California. This beautiful Spondylus resembles S. imperialis in some respects, but the large spines are depressed and fringed at the sides almost like those of S. eumingit. 2. Murex octoconvus (fig. 7). MW. testa turbinata, subventri- cosa, spiraliter costata, pallide cinerea, ad costas medio fusco maculata; apertura oval, cauda recta, laminata; costis octo erassis, nodulosis, unbricatis, superne aculeatim recurvis, medio frondis extantibus, sulcatis ornatis, ad caudam continuiter frondosis ; spira obtusa, sutura subexcavata. Hab. New Caledonia. In M. humilis, which this species most nearly resembles, there is a space without fronds on the ribs between the swollen part of the body-whorl and the caudal projection, while the ribs of this species are continuously frondose. 3. Murex ExPANSUS (fig. 5). M. testa fusiformi, carneola, tri- costata, spiraliter striata, inter costas unituberculata ; costis fimbria lata, elevata, superne angulata, infra ad caudam ter- minali expansis ; cauda brevi; spira elevata, acuta. Hab. China. In Mr. Reeve’s M. eurypteron the expanded fringe on the ribs terminates at the commencement of the caudal process, instead of being continued to the end, as in this species. 4, Murex nusiwus (fig. 4). M. testa fusiformi, fusca, scabra, punctata, spiraliter striata, obscure trifasciata, longitudina- liter tricostata, inter costas unituberculata; costis crassiusculis, scabrosis, superne spina fimbriata recta, medio fimbria paulu- lum extanti, ad caudam spinis palmiferis tribus parvis armatis; spira elongata, acuta; cauda recta, mediocri. - Hab. ? 3 A dusky, ordinary-looking shell ; and yet there is no other species which exactly corresponds with it. 5. Murex Ta&niatus (fig. 3). WM. testa fusiformi, fusco bifas- ciata, spiraliter costata, costis longitudinalibus octo crassis, embricatis, frondosis ; spinis brevibus, acutis, recurvis armatis ; apertura parva, dentata; cauda acuta, obliqua, angusta, ex- tanti ; spira acuta, anfractibus quatuor subangulatis. Hab. Gulf of California. J F 3 @ = : is F Ps p= Px 3 oO Q =) re is) S a 5 NI oe ! oH OQ g BE ro) cl ane AS ae WO ries Ee Oe aes Bore aa 8 Se ee 160 (Qi > ee Det as 9 6 meee OD | : GS Boo a> tom Nos wl far S| 3 siege Bae es o ae = ae ee 0 eB il b iy 5 w ca} wb 429 6. MuREX ROSEO-TINCTUS (fig. 6). MM. testa oblongo-fustformi, pallide rosea, maculis roseis ornata, oblique tricostata, inter costas medio crenulatim nodulosa ; costis elevatis, superne in- ermibus striatis, ad caudam spinis subfimbriatis tribus parvis armatis ; cauda lata, costata ; spira elongata. Hab. Philippines. Resembling M. trigonulus, but wanting the expanded fringe at the lower part of the fronds of that species. 7. Conus PRoOxiIMUs (fig. 1). C. testa oblonga, subpyriformi, inferne subcoarctata, spiraliter lineis subelevatis castaneis albo interruptis cincta, medio maculis magnis nigrescentibus in se- riebus duabus picta; spira nodulis acutis coronata inter nodis castaneo lineata. Hab. ? More neatly marked and much more smooth than C. moluccensis, which in form it resembles. 8. CONUS NIGRESCENS (fig.2). OC. testa oblonga, tuberculis parvis, acutis, distantibus coronata, medio et infra aliernatim striata, prope angulum subrotunda, fusco-nigrescente, maculis cordiformibus rubescentibus, et alteris albis ad angulum, prope medium, et infra medium fasciatim dispositis ornata. Hab. q There is a semitransparent appearance about this Cone which, with the smallness of its cordiform white spots, distinguishes it from C. nocturnus and others of the same group. 13. Descriptions oF New UNIVALVE SHELLS FROM THE COL- LECTIONS OF H. CUMING AND SYLVANUS HANLEy. By SyL- vaANus HANLEY. 1. PskuDOLIVA ANCILLA. Testa oblongo-conica, ntida, solida, emperforata, sublevigata, fulvo-rufescens. Ultimus anfractus in medio pallescens et ventricosus ; superne late, haud autem profunde, concavus ; inferne lente declivis, et sulco lato, qui partem fere quartam superficier segregat, incisus : cingulum siphonale planum cum cingulo basal vie convexiusculo confluens. Spira producta tertiam partem longitudinis teste implet ; an- fractus ejus 4 haud humiles infra suturam conspicuam et pro- Sundam retusi sunt, supra eam convex: apex obtusus. Apertura elliptico-acuminata (duos trientes longitudinis teste fere equat), postice callo columellart albo magno prominente et angulato angustata. Labium columellare leve, album, convexum, falca- tum, latiusculum. Long. 12, lat. £ poll. fab. Cafirariam. Mus. Hanley. I have never seen but a single individual of this remarkable-looking shell, which reminds one alike of Bu/lia and Aneillaria. The whorls 430 of the spire are not twice as broad as high. The basal distinctive groove is nearly square-cut ; its bottom is closely traversed by wrinkles of increase, and is flat, not concave. 2. PsEUDOLIVA NaAssorIpES. Testa parva, solida, imperfo- rata, ovali-conica, fulvo-rufescens, levigata. Ultimi anfractus antice satis declivis fere quartam partem segregat sulcus latus profundus. Cingulum siphonale pallidum retusione cinguli basalis fit prominentior. Spira satis producta tertiam partem longi- tudinis teste implet ; sutura simplex anfractus ejus 4 convexos profunde dividit : apex obtusiusculus. Apertura parva, sub- eliiptica, antice posticeque angustata, dimidiam longitudinem teste haud multum superat. Labium columellare crassum, album, leve, callo pliciformi nullo postice munitum, sed ad ea- tr See ance subuniplicatum. Long. 3, lat. 33; poll. Hab. Malabaricum littus. Mus. Hanley. The only specimen known to me bears the aspect of being fully adult. Its outer lip seems thickened externally, and the tooth-like projection over the characteristic groove is rather conspicuous. 3. Dotium Favannil. Testa subglobosa, magis minusve va- lida, longitudinaliter arcte corrugata, fulvo-rufescens, costis (quarum circiter 16 anfractum ulivmum, et 4 penultimum cin- gunt) a maculis brunneis pallidisque remote tessellatis, latius- culis, rotundatis, et valde prominentibus, conspicue ornata. Sulcorum interstitialium (qui costarum magnitudinem emulan- tur) pauci in anfractu ultimo superiores, omnesque in gyrts spire brevissime humilibus linea elevata divist. Sutura excavata. Labium exterius repandum : labu interioris lamella haud (ut in D. fimbriato) libera extans. LExitus umbilici satis magni latus et levis. LHatremitas cinguli siphonalis rotundati emi- nentis es inconspicue porcati haud caudata. Long. 255, fat. 255, poll. Hab. Mus. ae This very rare shell is intermediate in aspect between D. chinense and D. fimbriatum: from the former it may be distinguished by the pattern of its colouring, and the coarseness and fewness of its ribs ; from the latter by its very dissimilar shape, its umbilicus, &c. The whorls, which rise concavely from the profound suture, do not gradually taper above, but seem, as it were, truncated. The rounded body is about as broad as it is long; its anterior declination is sudden. ‘The spots with which all the ribs, but not their intervals, are painted, are often cloudy. Having as yet seen only two specimens (on one of which the last- formed portion of the ribs was roughened by a few irregular raised spiral lines), I cannot say that the outer lip may not, in perfect and adult individuals, become reflected and dentated. 431 4. Dotium pDuUNKERI. Testa magis minusve solida, ovato- globosa, fulva aut livido-carnea, maculis parvis brunneis re- motis, maculisque majoribus albidis (super costas fere omnes) subtessellatim picta: macule sepissime in seriebus longitudina- libus undulatim ordinate. Coste multe, conferte, plano-con- vere, sulcis perangustis subbiangulatis divise. Spire anfractus breves inflati: corpus ventricosum, antrorsum lente declive. Sutura simplex. Apertura haud valde lata, fauce brunnea. Labium exterius haud reflecum haud dentatum ; intus, autem, IAS Cingulum siphonale haud prominens, haud caudatum. Long. 1,45, lat. 14 poll. Hab. Portum Natal. Mus. Cuming. The sculpture of this rare shell, of which no example is known in fine condition, reminds one of cumingii ; upon the whole, however, D. variegatum is its nearest congener. As the largest specimen examined. by me, although solid, and copiously spread with parietal enamel, had only attained to two volutions and a half (the first of a pimkish cast) beyond its smooth yellow nucleus, I am not sure that it was adult. Its body was encircled by eighteen ribs, in the narrow intervals of the few superior ones of which might be discerned the commencement of a raised stria. 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( ates, ia calloey Mylnasi 437 November 22, 1859. Dr. Gray, V.P., mn the Chair. Mr. Daniel G. Elliot of New York exhibited three specimens of hybrid Ducks from his own collection, which had been obtained on the south shore of Long Island, U.S.A. One of these was consi- dered to have been produced by a cross between the Wild Duck (Anas boschas) and Pintail (Dafila acuta), the second by the Wild Duck and Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata), and the third pro- bably by the American Scaup (Fuligula affinis) and the Canvas- back (fF. valisneria) or the American Pochard (f". americana). Dr. Hamilton exhibited three curiously plumaged Pheasants shot in Norfolk, which had the appearance of males on the lower surface and females on the upper. ‘They were birds of the year. Upon careful dissection, no traces of sexual organs, either male or female, were discernible. The following papers were read :-— 1. Descriprion or MacANpRewiA AND My.ivusiA, TWO NEW FORMS OF SponGes. By Dr.J. E. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., PLES. ETC. 3 (Radiata, Pl. XV. XVI.) In 1841 Mr. Stutchbury described in our Proceedings a Sponge brought from Barbadoes, in the Museum at Bristol, which was pecu- lar for being entirely formed of agglutinate silicious spicula, forming a tough semitransparent glass-like spongy mass. By exchange I have obtained half the specimen of this most curious and interesting sponge, so that I have the means of comparing those I have described with the one then made known. In July 1851 Mr. R. MacAndrew kindly presented to the British Museum a Coral from St. Michael’s, one of the Azores, which then attracted my attention, but I put it aside in hopes that I might ob- tain a specimen of it in spirits, which would enable me to under- stand more completely its history and character. No other specimen having, however, come under my examination, the subject dropped out of my mind. It was accidentally placed with the Stony Corals, and its hardness and resemblance to the genus Gemmipora are some excuse for this mistake. Some time ago Mr. Holdsworth, when studying the corals in the Museum, observed that it evidently did not belong to that group: and a very superficial inspection, indeed its mere lightness, was enough to show that such was the case. I again placed it aside, thinking that I had seen a figure of the animal as an dlcyonium in Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard’s ‘ Voyage,’ and in Dana’s ‘ Zoophytes,’ and that I would study it when I had 438 that family under my hands, or leave it for some other person to examine who might take up the group. Having lately had occasion to consult Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard’s work, and the essay of Mr. Dana, I became satisfied that the sub- stance from the Azores could not be the Alceyonium glaucum or Al- cyonium latum (Dana, Zooph. 623. t. 58. f. 6), which I had before thought from recollection might be the case; for these authors de- scribe A. glaucum as soft and fleshy, and 4. datum as “more rigid in its texture than 4. glaucum.’’ As Mr. MacAndrew’s specimen is hard, inflexible, and brittle, though very light, this induced me to examine the specimen more carefully ; and I then found that the supposed coral was a siliclous sponge, covered below with a thin fleshy envelope without any apparent apertures, and above with a thicker fleshy coat, studded with large-sized, regularly-disposed, cir- cular cells, which look like the cells of the Polypes in the two Al- cyonia above referred to. The apertures are destitute of a radiating lamina, and appear in their dry state to be subdivided into six or eight small circular tubes, and have all the appearance of being the cells of a pinnated tentacled zoophyte. The small part of the lower surface of the spongy axis, which is exposed, is pierced with minute perfo- rations, and the upper surface is furnished with groups of larger pores, which, as far as I can judge without injuring the specimen, are placed under the cells above described. There are grooves di- verging from the small cylindrical perforations in one of the groups to the perforations in the other groups. I have thought proper to call the genus after the gentleman who discovered it, and who has been very liberal in doing all in his power to extend our knowledge of zoology and geology, and has several times placed his yacht at the command of scientific men, to assist them in their researches. The genus may be thus defined :— MacAnprRewla. Cup-shaped, expanded, more or less sinuated or lobed, affixed by a more’solid dilated base, covered with a fleshy bark, which is fur- nished with cells on the upper surface, supported by a very light porous silicious spongy cup-shaped axis, the upper surface of which is furnished with groups of small-cylindrical pores placed in roses, and. with grooves radiating between each group of pores; the lower surface uniformly porous. MacAnprewIiA azorica. (Pl. XV.) ~~ Hab. St. Michael’s, Azores, 1851 (Robert MacAndrew, Esq., ERS We). - 2 A This sponge? has so much the general appearance and habit of a zoophyte with pinnated tentacles like the Aleyontwm to which I have referred above, that Iam as yet by no means certain that it may not be the product of such animals; but I have not been able to find any traces of the remains of them, and therefore must wait the 439 arrival of some other specimen preserved in spirit to determine the fact. At the same time the bark is unlike that of any sponge that I am acquainted with, the existence of such a bark on any true sponge being as yet unknown to me. On the other hand, the ex- istence of an axis of the spongy texture and the silicious composi- tions found in this marine body are novelties in the order of zoophytes in which its general appearance would lead one to place it. But that 1s no reason why it may not prove to be a zoophyte, as the same may be said to be the case with regard to the genus Hyalonema, the axis of which is so anomalous that several of the French zoolo- gists— Valenciennes, Milne-Kdwards, and others—considered the bark of it as a parasite on some unknown substance, overlooking the fact that the bark is strengthened by fibres exactly like those of which the axis is composed. Such an idea would require a belief in the existence of two bodies always found together, and unknown in any other form, instead of their being regarded as parts of the same animal. The axis of this body has many characters in common with the body which is called a Sponge described by Mr. Stutchbury in our Proceedings for 1841, p. 87, as mentioned above under the name of Dactylocalyx pumiceus, and which has been more lately described under another name by M. Valenciennes, a very fine specimen of which is in my collection ; but in this sponge it is the outer surface which is marked ‘with deep sinuosities radiating from the root to the outer circumference.” We have lately received from Dr. William MacGee of Belfast a very curious specimen of a silicious sponge’, which is also allied to the Dactylocalyx and MacAndrewia, but so distinct in its form and structure that I am inclined to regard it as a type of a new genus, which may be called MyuLivustia. Sponge? silicious, funnel-shaped, fixed by the base; the upper surface smooth, marked with numerous minute perforations placed in nearly parallel grooves radiating from the centre to the circum- ference, and with numerous large, oblong, rather unequal-sized per- forations, which are fringed on the lower side with a high wall of a similar structure to the rest of the sponge; these edges of the cavities causing the under surface to be covered with unequal irre- gular shaped tubes of nearly the same length, and more or less con- fluent together: some of these tubes are simple and subcylindrical, others are expanded out and more or less crumpled on the edge around the cavity, so as to end in two, three, or even four, more or less circular mouths. My iusta CALLOCYATHES. (Pl. XVI.) Hab. West Indies (Dr. MacGee). Dr. Bowerbank informs me that the silicious spicula of this sponge are very different from those of Dactylocalyx pumiceus. As he is working on that subject, I leave the peculiarities for him to de- 440 scribe ; but I should not bein the least surprised if the genera Muc- Andrewia, Myliusia, and Dactylocalyx should all prove to be a peculiar family of zoophytes rather than sponges. If these bodies are sponges, they will form a family in that group, which may be named MacAndrewiade, characterized by the peculiar form and structure of the axis, the distinctness of the bark, and the position of the oscules or cells. The structure of the base of Dactylocalyx and of the spicula which are found in the interspaces of the network are figured by Mr. Quekett in his ‘ Lecture on Histology.’ I have named this genus after Christlob Mylius, who first de- scribed the curious zoophyte since called Umbellularia grenlandica ; and I think that aay one who reads his simple and plain account of the animal in his letter to Haller, and the account of the same animal given by John Ellis in his work on Corallines, will be satisfied that the latter was not very liberal in his praise towards his contem- porary. There might have been reasons why he did not mention the name of Mylius, but I cannot conceive why those of Collinson and Dunze should have been omitted. It is much to be regretted that nothing is known as to what became of the two specimens of this animal described by Mylius and Hllis, and that no other specimen has been found since that period, now more than a century ago. 2. ON SOME NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN BIRDS FROM THE Rio Napvo. By Purirp Lurtey Scuater, M.A., SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. Among some birds lately received from the Rio Napo, and kindly submitted to my inspection by M. Verreaux of Paris, are several spe- cies not included in the series from the same locality which I had the pleasure of bringing before the notice of the Society last year *. To these I now beg leave to call the Society’s attention, some of them appearing to be new to science, and others, although already described, to be of rare occurrence. 1. BastLEUTERUS NIGRI-CRISTATUS (Lafr.).—Myiothiolypis ni- gri-crisiata, Bp. Consp. p. 311. 2. Diciossa aTERRIMA, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846. p. 319. 3. CALLISTE RUFIGULARIS, Sclater, Mon. Call. pl. 13. The occurrence of this species on the eastern side of the Andes is certainly singular, as M. Bourcier obtained his specimens at Calacali, on the western side of the great range. A. CaLuiste cHrysotis, DuBus; Sclater, Mon. Call. pl. 43. msec, AoA. Saleag, p09. 44] 5. CALLISTE CYANOTIS, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1859, p. 294. A specimen in more perfect plumage than the bird which I ori- ginally described from, but unmistakeably recognizable as belonging to the same rare species. Its nearest ally is certainly Calliste labra- dorides (Mon. of Calliste, pl. _), from which, however, it is easily distinguishable by the black sides of the head and well-defined su- perciliary stripe. 6. BUARREMON CASTANEICEPS, Sp. nov. Saturate oleagineus, subtus vir dilutior : remigibus et rectricibus nigricanti-fuscis: mpileo castaneo, lateribus capitis cum gula nigricanti-cinereis : rostri nigricanti-plumber bast pallida ; pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:1, caudze 2°6. But one example of this Buarremon was in the collection. It may be arranged next to B. rufinuchus and B. latinuchus, from which, however, it is easily distinguished by its general deep olive colouring. 7. BUARREMON ASsIMILIs (Laf?.). Agrees with New Granadian specimens. 8. GRALLARIA NUCHALIS. Sp. noy. Saturate brunnescenti-oleaginea, pileo rufescentiore, nucha et re- gione post-oculart clare castaneis: subtus nigricanti-schisiacea : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 75, alee 4:5, caudee 2°1, rostri a rictu 1°2 ; tarsi 2°15. This bird is a long-legged Grallaria in structure, though in plumage it rather resembles the different species of the allied genus Formicarius. 1 have never seen but this one example, now in my collection. 9, PIPREOLA CHLOROLEPIDOTA, Sw. An. in Men. p. 357. This bird agrees so well with Swainson’s description, that I have no hesitation in recognizing it as belonging to his species. It is a female of one of the beautiful green Cotingas of the genus Huchlornis or Pyrrhorhynchus, as 1 had always supposed was likely to be the case *. Itis probably the female of Huchlornis sclatert, Cornalia (Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 133. pl. 4), which is from this same country ; but I am not yet clear upon this pomt. Its identification is of im- portance, as it proves that the generic name Pipreola should be used for this group, in place of Huchlornis or Pyrrhorhynchus, established many years subsequently. * Annals of Natural History, June 1856. 442 3. On somE Hysrip Ducks BRED IN THE SOCIETY'S GARDENS. By Puitie Luritey Scuater, M.A., SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. (Aves, Pl. CLVIII.) I have the pleasure of exhibiting Mr. Wolf’s drawing of both sexes of a Hybrid Duck bred this season in the Society’s Gardens, between ~ a male of the Common Shieldrake (Tadorna vulpanser) and a female of the White-fronted Shieldrake or Mountain Goose of Southern Africa (Casarca cana). The old female Casarca was acquired by the Society at the sale of the late Lord Derby’s collection in 1851. She has on three previous occasions bred in the Gardens: in the first instance with an Indian male of the Ruddy Shieldrake (Casarca rutila), and subsequently twice with one of the male hybrids pro- duced by her union with the Ruddy Shieldrake. Upon being placed this spring in a small pond in company with a pair of the Common Shieldrake, she so persecuted the male with her attentions that she succeeded in persuading him to tread her, though in the society of his proper mate. The result was that she laid fertile eggs, and hatched and successfully reared three strong hybrid birds (Pl. CLVIII.), two of which appear to be males, and one a female. They present a curious combination of the colours of the two parents, though the dusky-grey flanks seem scarcely deducible from either. The female has the bili black ; in the male it is flesh- coloured at the base, as in the male parent. The female also takes rather after her mother’s likeness, in possessing white round the beak and round the eye. The black hood in both sexes is derived from the male parent. _ Inthe Gardens this year we have also bred two other broods of Hybrid Ducks. One of these was the produce of a male Dusky Duck (Anas obscura), and a cross-bred female between the Dusky Duck and the Wild Duck. The other was the issue, as we believe, of parents themselves both cross-bred, and both originating from hybridism between the Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata) and the White-eyed (Nyroca leucophthalma). But, as there is a male pure- bred White-eyed Duck in the same pond, we cannot be quite certain on this point. During the next season we hope to take such measures as will put to test in the case of the Anatida, a favourite dictum of naturalists, and one which has recently met the approval of a high authority * upon such matters, that ‘it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to bring forward one case of the hybrid offspring of two animals clearly distinct being themselves perfectly fertile.” * Darwin, “ On the Origin of Species,” p. 26. f sabik me CE TUAL i VNEOCV IE ee fr 1" 443 4. List or Maayan Birps COLLECTED BY THEODORE CANTOR, Ese., M.D., wir DescRIPTIONS OF IMPERFECTLY-KNOWN Species. By Frepreric Moore. Part I1.* 113. PassER MONTANUS. Fringilla montana, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 324. Passer montanus, Stephens, Shaw’s Zool. xiv. p.40; G. R. Gray, Gen. of B. 11. p.372; Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xii. p. 947; xiv. p. 553; Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 120; Moore, Catal. B. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 500. Specimens obtained at Singapore. **This is the common sparrow of Java, and is the more common species in Arracan generally ; about sixty of this species occuring to one of Passer indicus. It is also common in China and Japan, also in the Himalaya, and in Afghanistan, extending westward to the British Islands.” — Blyth. 114. PADDA ORIZIVORA. . Loxia orizivora, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 302 (Vieillot, Ois. Chant. t. 61), Fringilla orizivora, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 161; Swainson, Zool. Ill. 1st ser. t. 156. Munia orizivora, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 451. Padda orizivora, Reichenbach (1854) ; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. East Ind. Comp. t. p. 504. Oryzornis orizivora, Cabanis, Catal. Birds Mus. Heine, p. 174. Loxia javensis, Sparrman, Mus. Carls. t. 89. Orizivora leucotis, Blyth, Indian Ornithology, MSS. Guate, Java (Horsfield). GrLatik, Sumatra (Rafiles). 115. MuNIA PUNCTULARIA. Lowia punctularia, Linn. 8. N.1. p. 302. Munia punctularia, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 117; Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 452; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I. C. ii. . 505. Fringilla punctularia, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 161. Amadina punctularia, Way, J. A. 8. Beng. xiv. p. 554. Uroloncha punctularia, Cabanis, Catal. Birds Mus. Heine, p. 174. Fringilla nisoria, Temm. Pl. Col. 500. f. 2. Coccothraustes javensis nevia, Briss. Orn. i. p. 239. t. 39. f. 2. The Cowry Grosbeak, Latham. PexkinG, Javanese (Horsfield). From Pinang. Distinguished from M. undulatus, Lath., by the whitish-grey on the rump, upper tail-coverts and tail, which is represented by glis- tening fulvous in M. undulatus. / * Continued from Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 285. 444 116. Munia MAJA. Loxia maja, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 301 (Vieill. Ois. Chant. t. 56). Munia maja, Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 116; Moore, Catal. B. Mus. E. I. C. i. p. 505. Fringilla maja, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 162. Dermophrys maja, Cabanis, Catal. B. Mus. Heine, p. 174. Loxia leucocephala, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 314. Bonpot, Java (Horsfield). Piprtr, Sumatra (Raffles). Petar WHosun, Malays (Blyth). From Pinang. 117. MunNIA SINENSIS. Coccothraustes sinensis, Brisson, Orn. ii. p. 238. Munia sinensis, Blyth, Catal. Birds, Mus. A. 8. Beng. App. p. 337; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. Kast Ind. Comp. i. p. 508. Lowa malacca, var. 3, Linn. 8. N. 1. p. 302. Munia malacca (part.), Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 432. Loxia atricapilla, Vieillot, Ois. Chant. t. 53. Chinese Sparrow, Edwards, Birds, t. 43. Malacca Grosbeak, var. A, Lath. Hist. of B. v. p. 244. Obtained at Pinang. 118. MuNniIa ACUTICAUDA. Munia acuticauda, Hodgson, As. Res. 1836, p. 153; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. East Ind. Comp. u. p. 510. Amadina acuticauda, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xiii. p. 949 ; Strick- land, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 103. Amadina molucca, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of B. u. p. 370. Uroloncha molucca, apud Cabanis, Catal. B. Mus. Heine, p. 173. ? Loxia molucca, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 302 ; Lath. Hist. v. p. 246. Sparp-tailed Munia, Hodgson. Prrtap, Pinang (Blyth). From Malacca and Pinang. This bird has the chin and throat only blackish, the breast being dark brown, with whitish shafts and borders to the feathers, and the belly dull white, with dusky pencillings ; whereas in M. striata (Linn.) the throat, to breast inclusive, is uniform blackish, and the belly, vent, and flanks, white. The upper parts of both are nearly similar, but in M. acuticauda the brown colour is paler, and the upper tail- coverts are brown ; in M. striata these being black. Also inhabits Nepal, Assam, and Tenasserim. 119. PLocrvus Baya. Ploceus baya, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xii. p. 945 (1844). Pinang and Malacca. 120. KULABES JAVANENSIS. Corvus pavanensis, Osbeck, It. p. 102 (1757); Edw. B. t. 17, lower fig. AASB Eulabes javanus, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. Pastor musicus, Wayler, Syst. Av. Past. sp. 2. Gracula religiosa, apud Horsfield et Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 162, 303. The Malayan Grackle. Bro seu Mencuo, Java (Horsf.). TionG, Sumatra (Raffles). Malacca. Inhabits the Malayan peninsula and archipelago; also the Nicobar Islands. 121. ACRIDOTHERES FUSCUS. Pastor fuscus, Wagler, Syst. Av. Past. sp. 6 (1827). Acridotheres fuscus, Bonap, C. G. Av. p. 420; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I.-C. ii. p. 537. Pastor mahrattensis, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 95. Maina cristatelloides, Hodgs. J. A. 8. Beng. v. p. 771 (1836). Acridotheres griseus, apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xv. p. 33; id. Catal. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 108. From Pinang and Malacca. Identical with specimens from Tenasserim, China, and Nepal; and differs from South Indian examples only in being greyer. 122. CALORNIS DAURICUS. Sturnus dauricus, Pallas, Acta Stockh. iii. p.198. pl. 7. f. 1 (1778). Turdus striga, Rafiles. Pastor malayensis, Kyton, P. Z.8. 1839, p. 103. Brass-Brass, Malays. Malacca. “« Eyes black ; legs greenish-brown. Sleeps with the body down- wards, suspended by the claws. Common at Malacca.’”’—Dr. Cantor's MS. 123. CALORNIS CHALYBEUS. Turdus chalybeus 3 et T. strigatus 2, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xni. p. 148 (1820). Lanius insidiator, Raffles, id. p. 307 3. Lamprotornis cantor, apud Temm. Pl. Col. 149. TERLING seu PARLIONG, Malays. From Malacca. (124. Corvus CULMINATUS, ; Corvus culminatus, Sykes, Pi Z. 8.1832, p. 96; Blyth, J..A.S. Beng. xv. p. 24, xvi. p. 727; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I. C. il. 553. : Corvus corax, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 300? BuroNG GAGA-GAGA, Malays. An adult and young specimen from Pinang, agreeing with Tenas- serim and Indian examples. 4A6 Remark.—-C. macrorhynchus is distinct from this, and occurs also at Malacca, and, according to Mr. Blyth (J. A.S. xv. p. 24), “is a much slyer bird, with a different caw, and a longer beak.” 125. PLATYSMURUS LEUCOPTERUS. Glaucopis leucopterus, Temm. Pl. Col. 265. Glenargus leucopterus, Cabanis, Catal. B. Mus. Heine, p. 216. TALONG-GAGA or KoLonG-Gaca, Malays. Inhabits Malacca. 126. PLATYLOPHUS GALERICULATUS. Corvus galericulatus, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. i. p. 399 (1817) ; Le- vaill. Ois. de Parad. t. 42. Platylophus galericulatus, Swainson, Classif. of B. p. 263; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E.1.C. ii. p. 574. | Lophocitta galericulata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of B. ii. p. 305; Blyth, Catal. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 94; Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 374; P.Z.S. 1850, p. 79; Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 218. Lanius scapulatus, Lichtenstein, Doubl. p. 49. Lanius coronatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1822, p. 306 (female). Vauga cristata, Griffith’s An. Kingd. p. 486 (male). Lophocitta histrionica, Miller, Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 374; P.Z.S. 1850, p. 79 (female). Garrula rufula, Temminck, Mus. Lugdens. (female). Lophocitta ardesiaca, Cabanis, Catal. B. Mus. Heine, p. 219; Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 374 (young male). Burone JERI, Sumatra (Raffles). “Common at Malacca.”’—Dr. Cantor's MS. 127. RHINOPLAX SCUTATUS. Buceros scutatus, Boddart, Tabl. des Pl. Enl. d’Aubent. (1783). Buceros galeatus, Gmel. TipspaAnG MuntovauH, Malays (Farquhar). From Keddah, Malay Peninsula. | ‘Iris, eyelids, pouch, legs, and feet, Indian red.””—Dr. Cantor’ s MS. 128. BUCEROS RHINOCEROS. Buceros rhinoceros, Linn. (P1. Enl. 934; Levaill. Ois. d’ Amer. et Ind. t. 1, 2; Edw. B. t. 281. f. B); Bontius, Java, t. 64; Raffles, Trans. Linn. xii. p. 291; Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 993; xiv. p. 188; xvi. p. 993'; Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 582. Buceros africanus, Gmelin, 8..N. i. p. 359. Buceros niger, Shaw, Zool. vii. p. 7 (Levaill. t. 13). Buceros lunatus, Temm. Pl. Col. 546. Buceros sylvestris, Vieillot. Buceros diadematus, Dumont. Inceane Danto, Malays (Raffles). Burone Taun, Sumatra (Marsden). 447 RANGKOK or YONGRANG, Java (Horsfield). Male and female obtained at Malacca. “The sexes of this Hornbill are distinguished by the posterior surface of the horn, above the forehead, being black in the male, and concolorous with the rest of the horn in the female; besides which the male has a black line dividing the bill and casque, and continued forward and upward upon the latter, parallel with its anterior margin. It may be remarked further, that this species seems to wear away the cutting edges of its mandibles more than any other ; so that, when the tips meet, a wide hollow occurs along the medial portion of its bill.”’”—Blyth. 129. HomMRatIvs BICORNIS. Buceros bicornis, Linn. (Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 7, 8). Homraius bicornis, Bonap. Ateneo Ital. (1854); Moore, Catal. Birds Mus. E.I.C. i. p. 583. Buceros cavatus, Shaw (Levaill. t. 3, 4,5); Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 291 ; Gould, Cent. of B. tab. 44; Jerdon, Madras Journ. xi. p. 37; Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xu. p. 986; xiv. p. 187; xvi. p.993 ; Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. xxiv. p. 279. Buceros homrai, Wodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. 1. p. 251 (1832); Asiatic Res. 1833, p. 169, tab. Bifid-casqued Hornbill, Shaw. Concave-casqued Hornbill, Shaw. Ban Rao (i. e. Jungle King), Masuri (Hutton). Homrat, Nepal (Hodgson). GaruDa, natives of Forests of 8. India (Jerdon). Matau-MorAyYKEY, Malyalum (Elhot). Youny-yenG, Arracan (Phayre). Buronc-Oonpan, Malays (Raffles). InGGANG Papan, Sumatra (Raffles). Adult male from Malacca, and adult and young female from Penang. ‘This bird inhabits the extensive hill forests of all India, Assam, Arracan, Tenasserim, Malayan Peninsula, and Sumatra. It does not appear to be subject to any variation of plumage, either sexual or according to age ; but there are some differences in the colouring of the bill and casque of the sexes, and also of the irides.””— Blyth. Mr. Hodgson in his description states that ‘the casque and upper mandible are deep waxen-yellow, passing to rich red on the top of the casque, and towards the tip of upper mandible; the tip itself and the lower mandible ivory white; base of both mandibles, asiterior and posterior surface of the casque, a line along the ridge of the bill, its cutting edges, and the whole inner surface of the bill, and naked skin round the eyes, black; iris intense crimson. The female, and young of a year old, has the iris pure hoary, the naked skin of the ophthalmic region pale purpurescent dusky ; and the black colour which distinguishes the casque, and ridge, cutting edges, and interior surface of the bill in the male, being red. 448 ‘‘ From a comparison of many specimens, showing both sexes in maturity, and the young in various stages of progression towards it, I am led to conclude that the body does not reach its full size under two or three years, and that the bill and casque, especially the latter, are not perfectly developed in less than four or five years.” Mr. Hodgson also gives an elaborate description of the growth of the young, and also a description of the skeleton by Dr. M. J. Bramley. An account of its anatomy is given by Prof. Owen in the Proce. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 102. The Rev. J. Mason, in his work on Burmah, states of the Concave Hornbill, ‘‘ Their nests are constructed in a superior manner of clay in the stumps or hollows of old trees. After the female has laid five or six eggs, the male bird shuts her entirely in with mud, except a small hole where she can only peep out her head. Here she must sit durig her incubation, for if she breaks through the enclosure, her life pays the forfeit ; but, to compensate for the loss of freedom, her spirited mate is ever on the alert to gratify his dainty mistress, who compels him to bring all her viands unbroken, for if a fig or any fruit be injured, she will not touch it.” Capt. Tickeil, writing from the Tenasserim provinces, remarks : “ inch. Pinang and Malacca. Common. 191. PRIONOCHILUS MACULATUS. Pardalotus maculatus, Temm. Pl. Col. 600. f. 3. Prionochilus maculatus, Strickl. P. Z. 8S. 1841, p. 29. Adult. Upper-parts olive-green, the igneous coronal spot pale ; lores dull whitish ; a whitish streak from base of lower mandible separating another of olive-green from the yellowish-white of the middle of the throat ; under-parts yellow, brightest along the middle, and streaked laterally with olive-green. Axillaries and under wing- coverts pure white. Size of P. percussus. From Pinang and Malacea. Also inhabits Borneo. 192. BuTRERON CAPELLII. Columba capellet, Temm. Pl. Col. 143; Knip. et Prev. Pig. t. 38. Vinago capellet, Cuv. Reg. Anim. i. p. 492 (1829). Toria capellei, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. xiv. p. 848. Vinago giganteus, Vigors, Zool. App. Mem. Raffles, p. 674. Treron magnirostris, Strickland, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 115. Butreron capellu, Bonap. C. G. Av. ii. p. 9. From Pinang. In this species the beak is lengthened by the prolongation of its soft and tumid basal portion, becoming, as remarked by Mr. Strick- land, ‘‘ almost vulturine in form.”’ Iris blackish-brown ; bill pale yellow ; feet pale orange.—Cantor, MS. Note. 193. TRERON NIPALENSIS. Toria nipalensis, Hodgson, Asiat. Res. xix. p. 164. t. 9, fig. (1836) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 847. Tuorta (7. e. beaked), Nepal (Hodgson). Krocua, Malays (Blyth). Poonat Canro-ara, Malacca (Cantor). Green, yellowish beneath and towards the tail ; crown ash-coloured ; mantle of the male, deep marrone-red, and a faint tinge of fulvous on the breast ; primaries and their larger coverts black, the latter margined with yellow; middle tail-feathers green, the rest with a blackish medial band, and broad grey tips ; lower tail-coverts cinna- mon-coloured (more or less deep) in the male ; subdued white, marked with green in the female. Bull greenish-white, with a large vermilion spot occupying the membrane at the lateral base of the 465 mandibles ; legs also vermilion ; irides deep red-brown, with a blue inner circle ; orbital skin bright green. Length 103 by 17 inches; closed wing 5? inches. Inhabits the central and lower hilly regions of Nepal, and more abundantly those of Assam, and Arracan, spreading southwards to the Tenasserim Provinces and Malayan Peninsula. [It also occurs, says Mr. Blyth, in the hilly districts of Bengal, but rarely strays into the plains, though specimens are occasionally met with even near Calcutta. 194. OsMOTRERON VIRIDIS. Columba viridis, Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub. p. 94 (1786); Pl. Enl. 138; Sonn. Voy. t. 64, 65. Columba vernans, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 789 (1788); Horsfield, Raffles. Treron vernans, Blyth, J: A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 851; Mosley et Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 30. Osmotreron vernans, Bonap. C. G. Av. ii. p. 12. Col. purpurea, Gmel. (Brown’s Ill. pl. 18). Kate 3, Jowan 9°, Java (Horsf.). Poonai Crocai, Malays (Eyton). Povye, Malays (Blyth). Malacea and Pinang. Common. 195. OsMOTRERON OLAX. 3 Columba olax, 'Temm. Pl. Col. 241; Knip, et Prey. Pig. t. 12. Osmotreron olax, Bonap. C. G. Ay. ii. p. 15. Semsoan, Malays. Malacca. Male. The whole head, nape, throat, flanks, rump, and upper tail-coverts ash-colour, palest on the forehead and throat; mantle very dark marroon; wings black, the larger coverts margined with yellow ; tail ashy-black, each feather, except the two medial, with a pale tip ; breast with a buff-orange patch, passing to green along the middle of the abdomen; tarsal plumes, vent, and under tail-coverts dark cinnamon, mingled on the former with ashy. Female. Differs in having the forehead and crown only ash coloured ; the upper parts being dark green, and the medial rectrices above wholly green, with the two next also greenish basally along the outer web ; throat pale ashy, passing to yellowish-green on the breast and middle of abdomen, the sides of the latter, below the ashy flanks, being dark green; tarsal plumes, vent, and under tail- coverts cinnamon-white, mingled on the two former with dark green, the latter dusky along the shafts. Length about 8 inches, of wing 5 inches, tail 3 inches. 196. RAMPHICULUS JAMBU. Columba jambu, Gmel.S. N. i. p. 784 (1788); Temm. Pig. t. 27, 28; Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 316. No. 413.—PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 466 Poonai JAMBOO, Sumatra (Marsden; Raffles). Poonai GaptnG, Malays (Eyton; Cantor). From Pinang and Malacca. Adult male. Head deep crimson, this colour extending from the front to the middle of the crown, behind the eyes, and across the ear- coverts to lower part of the throat; a cmmmamon-black stripe down the throat ; hind part of the head, nape, and whole upper parts dark green, but with a buffy caste of plumage; primaries black, their outer webs dark greenish; secondaries and tips of primaries nar- rowly margined exteriorly with buffy-white; tail green, exterior feathers with the inner webs black, the whole with a broad pale ter- minal band; hind part of ear-coverts, sides, and front of neck pure white, passing to buffy-white along the sides of the breast and whole of abdomen, the middle of the breast being of a beautiful suffused- pink colour; flanks and axillaries greyish-green ; under tail-coverts deep cinnamon. Female. Wholly green, with the crimson of the head and gular stripe very dull and pale; abdomen mingled green and buff; under tail-coverts paler. Young male. Head and sides of throat greyish-green, gular stripe dark cinnamon ; breast mingled green and pink ; abdomen and under tail-coverts buff-white. A still younger specimen is like the female, but has no trace of crimson about the head; the throat being pale cinnamon-brown. Length of adult about 9 inches ; of wing 53; tail 33 inches. 197. CARPOPHAGA SYLVATICA. Columba sylvatica, Tickell, Journ. As. Scc. Beng. ii. p.581 (1833). Carpophaga sylvatica, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. xiv. p. 856; Ann. N. H. xix. p. 52; Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 33; G. R. Gray, List of Columb. Brit. Mus. p. 17. Carpophaga enea of India, Auctorum. Pinang. Tris and tarsus palpebrarum and feet crimson ; bill pale crimson, apex light grey.” 198. MyrisTICIVORA BICOLOR. Columba bicolor, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Ins.p. 94 (1786); Sonn. Voy. t. 103. Myristicivora bicolor, Reichenbach, Bonap. C. G. Av. 1. p. 36. Carpophaga myristiciwora (Scop.), G. R. Gray. Columba alba, Gmelin. Columba litoralis, Temm.: Pig. t. 7. ‘Tris blackish-brown. Tarsus palpebrarum cobalt. Bill cobalt, apex of mandibles black. Feet cobalt.” Province of Wellesley. 199. GEOPELIA STRIATA. Columba striata, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 282 (1767); Edw. Birds, pl. 16. Columba malaccensis, Gmelin. 467 Columba bantamensis, Sparrman, Mus. Carls. i. t. 67; Horsfield et Raffles. Katitrran, Sumatrans (Raffles). Pinang. 200. CHALCOPHAPS INDICA. Columba indica, Linn. 8. N.i. p. 284 (1767); Edw. B. pl. 14. Columba javanica, Gmel. 8. N.1. p. 781; Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 183; Raffles, id. p. 317. Columba cer uleocephala, Gmel. Columba superciliaris, Wagler, Syst. Ay. Col. sp. 80. Monornis perpulchra, Hodgson. Chalcophaps augusta, Bonap. C. G. Av. il. p. 92. TaxoatT et Poonat Tanna, Malays. From Pinang and Malacca. Identical with Indian and Javanese specimens. “Tris dark brown; bill light scarlet; feet pale lake.’’—Cantor’s Notes. 201. TurTUR TIGRINUS. Columba tigrina, Temm. Pig. t. 43 (1808); Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 183. Turtur tigrinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. pp. 263, 480. Turtur chinensis (pt.), Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 63 ; 6. R. Gray, List of Columbee, Brit. Mus. p. 42. Dero seu Derkvukvu, Java (Horsfield). Adult and young. Specimens procured at Pinang and Malacca. *‘ This species resembles 7. suratensis,’ says Mr. Blyth, ‘but wants the pale vinaceous spots on the scapularies and wings, whilst it retains the black mesial streaks, which are wanting in 7’. chinensis, Scop. (Sonn. Voy. t. 102): there is also much less ash-colour on the wings than in 7’. suratensis, but it is of the same size as the latter, or much smaller than 7’. chinensis (which last has also deep ash- coloured lower tail-coverts).”’ 5. REMARKS ON THE Hasits oF A HERRING GULL (Larus ARGENTATUS). By A. D. Bartiert. In calling attention to the singular and remarkable habits of a bird of this species, permit me to give an extract from the ‘ Garden Guide’ of 1852, in order that the origin of this individual specimen may be perfectly known. “In the beginning of June 1850, a Herring Gull (Larus argen- tatus) hatched out her young ones in the enclosure (No. 17), which is overshadowed by two weeping ash trees. The male bird had assisted her so constantly in incubation, that his strength gave way, 465 and he died just as the young birds were chipping out of the shell. The female then became restless, left the eggs, and was only induced to resume her place for the few hours which were necessary to com- plete the hatch by the keeper having arranged the dead body of her mate in counterfeit presentment of the position he generally took up near her when not himself upon the eggs.” —LHuztract from ‘ Garden Guide,’ 1852 : It will, I hope, be understood that the birds so hatched in 1850 were the parents of the individual whose habits I now wish to record. This bird was one of two hatched about the latter end of May 1857, and was reared by its parents in the gardens, where it remained during the summer and autumn of that year. At the commence- ment of the winter he was in the habit of flying about (not having been pinioned), and occasionally staying away a day or two, then for a week or more, returning again generally about feeding-time, and alighting among the other gulls and feeding with them. This continued till the end of March 1858, at which time he disappeared. Nothing more was seen or heard of him until the middle of November 1858, when, to the delight and astonishment of all who knew him, he returned one afternoon at the usual time. Meeting the keeper with the box of food, he followed him to the enclosure where he was hatched, and settling down among the other gulls, took his dinner as though he had never been away, not appearing the least shy or wild. Here he remained with his parents and the other gulls, occasionally flying off for a day or two, until the beginning of February 1859. He again departed and by many was given up for lost; others, however, thought he might again return. And on the morning of Saturday last, between eight and nine o'clock, we were gratified to behold the long-lost Gull making his way to his old quarters much improved in his appearance, having nearly completed his adult plu- mage. He immediately came down and was greeted by his old friends, who evidently recognized him. He appeared fatigued and hungry: I sent for some food, and he came boldly towards us, and fed almost from the hand. As soon as his appetite was satisfied, he walked about, quite at home among the other gulls. Since Saturday I have seen him flying now and then over the Gardens and Park, but returning after a short flight. In conclusion, I beg to say I am indebted to one of the Society’s most careful and very intelligent keepers (B. Misselbrook) for some of the facts which have enabled me to bring before you these very interesting particulars. , 6. ON THE MOST EFFICIENT MEANS OF PRESERVING THE EaGes or BIRDS IN ORDER THAT THEY MAY BE AFTERWARDS HATCHED. By A. D. BARTLETT. I believe there are but few persons who are quite satisfied by seeing and examining the dried skins and feathers of birds. The great desire, therefore, to see, or to possess, in a living state, ; 469 these wonderful and generally beautiful creatures, has led me to consider the possibility of preserving their eggs for a sufficiently long period to allow of their being brought from distant places and after- wards hatched. We might thus be able to obtain some of the more delicate species, and many perhaps that a long sea voyage would prevent our obtaining by any other means. The mere keeping fresh and sweet the eggs of birds has been ac- complished in many ways: for instance, they will keep for a long period imbedded in lime and water, or in fat or salt; but by these means the vitality is destroyed. It appears to me, therefore, to be essentially necessary, not only to prevent evaporation, but also to keep the texture and surface of the shell in its pure and perfect con- dition. To accomplish this object the eggs must be newly laid, or nearly so, and the following is the best method of preserving them. Obtain the gut of any animal whose intestine is large enough to admit the egg intended to be preserved, and, having carefully cleaned the gut and rendered it free from fat, dry it as much as possible in powdered chalk or other earthy matter. Pass the egg into the gut, tying it close to the shell at both ends of the egg, and hang it up in a cool, dry place until it is quite dry. Two, three, or more eggs can be tied in the same gut like a string of beads, or they can be tied separately. When thoroughly dry, they may be packed up in a box with oats, wheat, or any other dry grain or seeds, until the box is quite full. The object in having the box full is for the great con- venience of turning the eggs. This is accomplished by turning the box bottom upwards, which should be done occasionally. Thus the whole of the eggs may be effectually turned with very little trouble. The eggs thus packed must be kept in a dry, cool place, and ought not to be taken out or unpacked before the means are at hand for hatching them. Upon wishing to place them under a hen, or other- wise, if the dry gut be cut with a sharp knife, it will peel off without in any way injuring the shell of the egg, I was successful in hatching and rearing the young from some eggs kept three months in this manner, and I have no doubt that under favourable circumstances they may be kept for a longer period. 7, On THE REPTILES AND FISHES COLLECTED BY THE Rev. H. B. Tristram IN NorTHERN Arrica. By Dr. A. GiNTHER, For. Memes. Zoou. Soc. (Pisces, Pl. 1X.) A small collection of Reptiles and Fishes, made by the Rev. H. B. Tristram in the Desert, southwards of Algeria and Tunis, and kindly forwarded by him for my examination, has served to give va- luable information on the southward extent of several known species, and proves to contain two others new to science. The collection is composed of twelve Reptiles and two Fishes, most of the species being represented by several specimens. / 470 REPTILIA. 1. Chameleo vulgaris. 7. Scincus officinalis. 2. Tarentola mauritanica. 8. Gongylus ocellatus. 3. Uromastix spinipes. 9. Seps tridactylus. 4. Agama colonorum. 10. Coronella cucullata. 5. Lacerta ocellata. 11. Rana esculenta. 6. Zootoca deserti, n. sp. 12. Bufo viridis. PISCES. 1. Haligenes tristram, nu.sp. 2. Cyprincdon dispar. I first proceed to give descriptions of the new species. ZOOTOCA DESERTI, Gthr. Diagnosis.—The posterior portion of the vertical shield very nar- row, the width of the interorbital space being one-third only of that of the superciliary plate. ‘Twelve longitudinal series of rhombic ventral shields. Above greenish-blue, reticulated with black. fab. N’Goussa, oasis between Waregla and the M’zab Country, Southern Sahara. Description.—This species may be readily distinguished from all the other Lacert@ and Zootoce by its very narrow interorbital space. 1. The rostral is obtusely conical. 2. The nostril is formed by three plates : the superior nasal, which forms a suture with its fellow behind the rostral, the first upper labial, and a single small posterior nasal. 3. There are three frontal plates, a single anterior one, six- sided, broader than long, with a longitudinal impression, and a pair of posterior ones. 4. The vertical is cuneiform, its anterior portion being broadest, with a longitudinal impression ; it tapers posteriorly, and is very narrow between the orbits. 5. The occipital region is covered by two pairs of plates, one pair behind the other ; there is a small plate in the centre of their meeting angles ; the plates of the anterior pair are triangular, those of the posterior quadrangular. 6. The roof of the orbit is formed by a pair of semi-elliptical super- ciliaries, in front of which is a small triangular plate ; the orbital margin itself is bordered by two series of very small scales. 7. One loreal and one ante-orbital, the latter bemg bent on the upper surface of the head, but not reaching to the vertical. The lower eyelid is opaque and covered by very minute scales. There is a long, low, triangular plate below the eye (suborbital), interrupting the series of the upper labials. 8. Four upper labials before, and four much smaller ones behind the sub-orbital. 9. Six lower labials ; the chin- shields are arranged as usually in the species of this genus, without showing any peculiarity. 10. The upper portion of the cheeks is granular, like the back ; the lower is covered with small plates. The collar-fold is shallow, and formed by scales of moderate size ; a very indistinct groove reaches from one ear to the other across the throat. The upper and lateral parts of the extremities and of the body are granular; the ventral shields are nearly regular rhombs and arranged in twelve longitudinal series. The space between the 471 symphysis and the vent is covered by rhombic scales, the medial series of which contains the largest, the posterior being as large as one of the ventral shields. The series of femoral pores meet at a right angle. The fore-leg reaches to the extremity of the snout, if laid forwards, ——the hind-leg nearly to the ear. The ground-colour is bluish-green, the upper parts being reticu- lated with black ; whitish spots appear on the hind-legs ; the lower side white. inches. lines. otalelenet lh Macc e ete chy eSisigs va diewie some ts 4 Distance between the extremity of the snout and Chie tympanum ak Sy gah. 2 eke se on aioe s 0 5 Distance between the tympanum and the vent .. 1 3 Pienstlagoit We tls Ve 6 o.ccs esac sists giv eies Sb eo + Dev), Of therforelee ae is) ce eden Ola ~ of the joind-leg: te ee ye ee eee, ee ee eee Oe ee ee ee 480 Gorgonia into three, according to the form and disposition of the cells; and, in his edition of Solander and Ellis, added a fourth under the name of Muricea; but still the genus Gorgonia was a magazine of most heterogeneous species, some closely allied to the genera which Lamouroux had established ; and it is to be observed that Lamarck did not adopt the Lamourouxian genera. Ehrenberg added another genus to the group, under the name of Pterogorgia; but this is synonymous with Gorgonia of Lamouroux, when the other genera which he describes are separated from it; and Dana seems to have felt this to be the case when he referred so many additional species to that genus. I have in various papers added several genera to the list ; and in the ‘ Annals and Magazine’ for this month I have given an arrange- ment of the various published genera in a connected series. M. Valenciennes, in his outline of the arrangement of Gorgonie in the ‘Comptes Rendus,’ xli. p. 14. f. 18, proposed two genera :— 1. Gorgonella for Gorgonia sarmentosa, and Verrucella for Gorgonia violacea, G. flexuosa and G. furcata of Lamarck. The specimens which I have named as G. sarmentosa and G. violacea have a horny and not a calcareous axis, and in other respects do not agree with the characters that M. Valenciennes assigns to them. Esper’s figure of G. violacea (Gorg. t. 12) has flat, and not pro- duced cells, which is the essential character of the genus Verrucella, of which it is regarded and quoted as the type. These genera must be left for farther examination. M. M.-Edwards adopts them in his ‘ Coralliaires,’ i. p. 184. The Lithophytes which have a stony axis may be divided into four groups, according to the nature of the axis and the structure of the bark, these groups being subdivided into families :— I. Axis continuous, not jointed ; bark granular. Fam. 1. CoRALLIADZ. The axis solid, calcareous, not jomted. Bark granular. Cells scattered on all sides. 1. CoRALLIUM. 1. C. rusBRuM, Carolini. Hab. Mediterranean. 2. C. secunDuUM, Dana. Hab. Sandwich Islands. 2. HELIANIA. Coral fan-like, dichotomously branched ; branchlets subacute, as- cending, divaricate ; lower branches sometimes inosculating. Bark granular, hard, even. Cells produced, subcylindrical, short, rather incurved, placed i in two, three, or four alternating series on the sides of the branchlets. Axis hard, continued, calcareous, greyish-brown. 481 1. HELIANIA SPINESCENS. Coral rather fan-like, more or less twisted ; branches, especially the lower one, conical, acute, spine-like, sometimes inosculating ; upper branchlet subsecund. Hab. Philippines (Cuming), Fam. 2. ELLISELLAD. YY The axis solid, calcareous, not jomted. Bark granular. Cells on the sides of the stem and branches separated by a lateral grove. a. Cell more or less elongate. 1. ELLIsELLA. Coral tree-like, subcylindrical; branches free. Cells numerous, small, crowded. 1. E. JUNCEA.J~ 2. E. rLoneata./ 3. E. coccrnra.| 4, KE. PECTINATA. _/ 2. SCIRPEARIA. Coral simple or forked; cells subcylindrical, in two alternating series. * Coral simple. S. MIRABILIS. B.M. S. mirabilis, Cuvier, Schweig. Beob. t. 2. f. 13. Polypus mirabilis, Linn. Mus. Adolph. t. 19. f. 4. Funiculina cylindrica, Lamk. Hab. West Indies. ** Coral branched, forked. S. DICHOTOMA. B.M. Coral fan-like, in a single plane, irregularly dichotomous; cells cylindrical, elongate, truncated, in a row on each side of the branches, subalternate. Hab. Mauritius. b. Cells convex or sunken. 3. UMBRACELLA. Coral fan-shaped; branches and branchlets inosculating, netted. Cells numerous, small, lateral. No. 414.—PRocEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 482 1. U. umBracuLuM, Solander, Zooph. t. 10. 2. U. GRANULATA, Esper, Pflanzenth. t. 4. 4, PHENILIA. Coral tree-like ; branches short, subquadrangular, divaricating, sometimes coalescing, forming an irregular netted frond; branchlet subelavate. Bark granular; lateral groove distinct, scarcely sunken. Cells large, sunken, in two or three irregular rows on each side of the branches. Axis solid, hard, calcareous, horn-coloured. 1. PHENILIA SANGUINGLENTA. Coral yellowish ; branches flexuose, intertwined ; branchlets short, clavate, diverging ; cells large, dark brick-red, making the coral look as if spotted with blood. Hab. ? Fam. 3. SUBERGORGIAD&, Coral branched; branches compressed, dichotomous. Cells on the sides of the branches, with a sunken groove on each side of the stem; bark granular. Axis continuous, cork-like, soft, calcareous. 1, SUBERGORGIA. Subergorgia, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1857, pp. 159, 288. 1. S. suserosa, Hsper, t. 49. B.M. 2. S. COMPRESSA, Gray, BeZe8. 1857, pi 288. B.M. (See Gorgonia Richardi, Lamx. Pol. Flex. 407.) 2. SOLANDERIA. Solanderia, Duchassaing, Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 218. ** Axis continuous, of a suberose texture, resembling the non-ealci- fied joints of Melitella.” —M.-Kdw. 8S. Graciztis, Duch. loc. cit. Very, much branched ; branchlet rounded, irregular, striated ; bark tomentose or granulose. Hab. Guadaloupe. . I have not seen this coral. The Gorgonia suberosa of Ellis’s ‘ Co- rallines,’ t. 29. f. Q & R, which has been called Plexaura suberosa by Lamouroux, Briareum suberosum by Dana, and which Ellis described as having a pale red axis ‘of the substance of cork,” striated ex- ternally and subcylindrical, ‘a fleshy spongy bark, with the cells on all sides disposed in a quincunx order,” would appear to be allied to the family Annellade: but I have not been able to discover this coral in any collection. It would indeed appear to be intermediate pe ee a 483 between the two families, having the corky axis of Subergorgia and the regularly disposed cells of the dnnellade. M. Milne-Edwards (Coralliaires, i. 190) thinks that it may perhaps be a Solanderia. Fam. 4, ANNELLADA. Coral branched ; branches cylindrical, of equal diameter. Cells equally scattered on all sides of the branches; bark granular. Axis solid, calcareous, continuous. 1, ANNELLA. Coral netted; branchlet inosculating. Annella reticulata, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 287. Fam. 5. PRIMNOADS. Primnoade, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1857, p. 285. * Cell campanulate; scales large. 1. PRIMNOA. Coral tree-like, forked. + Coral tree-like, branched. 1. P. LEPADIFERA. Hab. Mediterranean. +t Coral simple, with simple spreading branches. 2. P. anrarctica, Valenc. Voy. Venus, t. 12. f, 2. Hfab. Falkland Islands. ** Cells tubular, incurved ; scales small. 2, PRIMNOELLA. Primnoella, Gray, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 286. Coral simple. Cells numerous, in close whorls, closely pressed to the stem. P. austrRALasi&, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1849, p. 146. t. 2. f. 8, 9. The calcareous axis, described as Virgularia australis by Lamarck, Hist. A. S. V. ii. 648, is, I believe, the axis of this coral, or of a very nearly allied species. Seba, Thes. ii. t. 111. f. 2, to whom Lamarck refers, properly represents these axes as attached. Hab. Australasian Sea, Bass Strait : on oyster-shells and stones. 484 3. CALLOGORGIA. Coral fan-like, pinnate. Cells in whorls. C. VERTICILLATA. Gorgonia verticillata, Pallas. Gorgonia verticillans, Linn. Primnoa verticillans, Ehrenb. Muricea verticillans, Dana. Cells in close whorls of three or six. fab. Mediterranean. CALLOGORGIA FLABELLA. Gorgonia verticillans, Esper, Pfianzenth. t. 42. f. 1, 2, 3. _Primnoa flabellum, Ehrenb. i Cells in close whorls of eight or ten. f Hab. Red Sea. CALLOGORGIA PLUMATILIS, Edw. Coralliaires, 141. Cells small, seldom more than two in a whorl. Hab. Isle of Bourbon. Is this Gorgonia pluma, Lamk.? CALLOGORGIA GRACILIS, Edw. Coralliaires, 141. Cells very small; whorls far apart, and generally of four cells. Hab. West Indies. 4. Myura. Coral elongate, simple. Cells elongate, incurved in two rows on each side of the stem ; medial groove distinct. MyYvuRA SIMPLEX. Mus. Paris. Gorgonia myura, Lamk. Muricea myura, Dana. Primnoa myura, Edw. Coralliaires, 1. 142. t. 132, f. 3. Coral elongate, simple, slender. Hab. ? II. Axis jointed, joints swollen, porous. Fam. 6. Mevirzap2Z. Branches from the swollen joints of the stem. * Cells in a series on each side of the branchlets, elongate, sub- i eylindrical, rather tapering. 1, ACABARIA. | Coral fan-like, dichotomous; branches diverging. Axis solid, | calcareous. A485 A. DIVARICATA. Coral fan-like; branches dichotomous, diverging, very slender ; the lateral branches diverging at right angles from the stem and branches ; bark thin, yellow, granular. Cells produced, subcylin- drical on each side of the branches, in alternating series. Axis cal- es red, aoe longitudinally grooved; internodes swollen, spongy. ab. f ** Cells slightly prominent, in two or more series on the sides of the branches ; branches and branchlets compressed, tapering. 2. MELITHA., Coral fan-like, forked; branches subparallel. Cells in. two or three series on the sides of the branchlets. Axis calcareous, spongy, with numerous sinuous tubes. MELITZA OCHRACEA, Esper, Pflanzenth. t.4 a. t.11. f.1, 2. Hab. ? Var. 1. Bright yellow, with red cells on side of branchlets. Var. 2. Red, with yellow cells on sides of branchlets. The branches very rarely inosculate. The cells are small, not pro- minent, in two series on each side of the branchlets, leaving the inner and outer surface nearly bare and smooth. The axes of the branch- lets are rather solid and calcareous, that of the stem is porous, pierced with numerous tortuous cylindrical tubes; the branchlets are mode- rately short. 3. MELITELLA. Coral fan-like, forked ; branches subparallel, more or less coales- cing. Cells rather produced, numerous, crowded on the two sides and one surface of the branchlets. Axis solid, calcareous. + Branches virgate, subparallel, rarely inosculating. 1, MELITELLA ELONGATA. B.M. Orange, branches virgate, subparallel, much divided ; branchlets slender, elongated, compressed, sometimes inosculating ; articulation of the branchlets very long, slender, compressed. Isis ochracea, var., Esper, Pflanzenth. t. 4 a, f. 2, 4, 5 (not 3). Melitea ochracea, var. lutea, Lamk. Hab. ? This coral is very like Melitea ochracea, and has most probably been hitherto confounded with it; but it is easily distinguished from it by the cells being much more numerous and crowded, and by the solidity of the axis. Esper’s figures somewhat represent the species, but the cells are not sufficiently crowded nor numerous in figs. 4 and 5 ; yet some of 486 them are represented in the middle of the branchlet, as well as on the side, where I have never observed them in Melitea ochracea. + Branchlets divaricated, reticulating, inosculating. 2. MELITELLA RETIFERA. B.M. Melitea retifera, Lamk. Isis coccinea, Esper, Pflantz. t. 10. Isis aurantia, Esper, t. 9? Cells too prominent and conical ; branches diverging. oe ? Melitea textiformis, Lam. Pol. Flex. 465. t. 19. f. 1; Esper, te Zot. 5: 3. MELITELLA COCCINEA, Lamk. B.M. Isis coccinea, Ellis; Zooph. t. 12. f. 5. M. Rissoi, Lamk. 4, MEeLITeELuA ? TENELLA. Melitea tenella, Dana, Zooph. 683. 4. MopsEeuLa. Coral tree-like, forked; branches ‘diverging. Cells on the sides and one surface of the branches; other surface smooth. Axis cal- careous, solid, longitudinally grooved. 1. MorsELLA DICHOTOMA, B.M. Mopsea dichotoma, Lamx. Isis dichotoma, Esper, Pflantz. p. 5. t. 11. f. 4, 5. Joint short, thick, striated. 2. MopsELLA GRACILIS. | B.M. Coral very slender, thread-like; joint elongate, slender, pale red ; articulations only slightly swolien; branches divaricating, the first rather rounded at their base. Hab. ***® Cells not prominent, scattered equally on all sides of the branches ; branches cylindrical, of a nearly uniform thickness. Axis solid. 5. CLATHRARIA. Coral tree-like, erect ; branches few, inosculating, tortuous ; branchlets, some free, blunt ; bark thin, granular. Cells numerous. Axis solid; joints elongate, white, longitudinal, striated; internode red, spongy. 1. CLATHRARIA RUBRINODIS. B.M. | Haé. ? 487 4, DescRipTIoN oF A New Concuirerovus Mouuvse OF THE Genus PANpDoRA. By ArtHur ADAMS, PANDORA WARDIANA, A. Adams. P. testa maxima, solida, transversim ovata, valde inequilaterali, postice rotundata, antice subangulata : valvula dextra concava, lineis concentricis regularibus interruptis et sulcis fuscis radian- tibus subdistantibus decussata: valvula sinistra convexa, sor- dide alba, lineis concentricis trregularibus instructa, et sulco obliquo ab umbone usque ad sinum in marginem ventralem pro- ducto. Hab. Tn littoribus Mantchurize. Shell large, solid, transversely oval, very inequilateral, rounded posteriorly, somewhat angulated anteriorly. Right flat valve with regular concentric fine interrupted lines, and marked with brown, radiated, rather distant grooves. Left convex valve chalky white, with irregular concentric lines of growth, and with an oblique furrow proceeding from the beak and ending in the sinuosity at the fore part of the ventral margin. Hab. Coast of Mantchuria, 20 fathoms ; Sunday Island. I have dedicated this fine species to Commander J. Ward, of H.M.S. ‘ Actzeon,’ to whose assistance and encouragement science will be indebted for any results that may be obtained during our cruises along the coasts of Korea, Mantchuria, and Japan. 3. SYSTEMATIC List oF THE Species or DoLiIuM RESTRICTED. By Sytvanus HANLEY. The magnitude to which the Dolia attain has discouraged private collectors from their acquisition, so that the amount of variation permitted to each species, and the differences of aspect between young, mature, and aged individuals, have not been so satisfactorily determined as the writer could have wished. Judging, however, from D. variegatum, of which fine series are present in the National and Cumingian Museums, shape would seem of less importance than colouring ; yet in D. cepa, the colouring appears diversified, and the shape comparatively invariable. It is hoped that the following list of species may clear up the somewhat confused synonymy, and attract attention to a genus which has scarcely experienced the ordi- nary amount of critical investigation. D. pomum and D: ringens, which constitute the subgenus Malea, have not been included in our list. Do.tum GALEA (Linneus). Buccinum galea, Linn. Syst. Nat.; Gmelin, Syst. Nat. p. 3469 ; Bruguiére, Hist. Vers, p. 244 (? vars.) ; Bose, Coquilles ; Dillw. Desc. Cat. p. 582, probably. Dolium costatum magnum, Martini, ii. f. 1070. 488 Dolium galea, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert.; Blainv. Dict. Sc. Nat. ; Kiener, Coq. Viv. Dol. pl. 2. f.2; Phil. Mol. Sic. i. (not var.) ; Hanley, Young, Conch.; Reeve, Conc. Icon. Dol. f. 1. Not of Mont- fort. | 3 Dolium tenue, Menke, Synopsis, p. 143 (Young). The typical galea (that indicated by the synonymy) is thin in ~ proportion to its magnitude, of a pale russet colour, with indistinct lighter and darker zones, a whitish posterior margin to its whorls, a tawny nucleus, a pale aperture, and rounded ribs, which, although alternately larger and smaller, are not, at least in the almost mature stage, so very disproportionate. Two other forms (perchance species) require to be noticed. The one which I designate var. ¢enebrosa is stronger, and peculiarly globose, has a dark chocolate-coloured nucleus, the smaller turns of a brownish chocolate hue, and the body-whorl livid brown ; the throat dark chestnut, and the internal thickened edge of its outer lip pure white. Its ribs, moreover, are more abruptly elevated ; their intervals rather broader, more square-cut, and not intersected by an interstitial costella (or raised stria) upon the lower or anterior half of the body. Mr. Cuming possesses a small but exquisite example of this shell: I have elsewhere seen an adult specimen stated to have been found in the Red Sea. The other form alluded to (possibly the D. tenwe of Menke) is of a smaller size (that now before me is only 34 inches long), has the body more elongated, and combines the broad sulci and the abruptly prominent ribs and costellz of the last variety (7) with the pale tints of the typical galea; its nucleus is chestnut or fulvous, its aperture whitish, its expanded outer lip thickened internally, and toothed as in an adult galea. Mr. Cuming has received it as from China! It reminds one much of Martini’s ‘ Braune geribte Tonne’ (iii. f. 1071), said to come from Guinea; its colouring, however, is less intense. DoLiuM MELANOSTOMA, Jay. Dolium melanostoma, Jay, Catalogue, p. 124. pls. 8, 9; Philippi, Neue Conch. iii. p. 11; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f. 2. The shell figured in Reeve’s beautiful work was not perfect, but is essentially the same species as that delineated by Jay. Mr. Cuming possesses a superb example, and two specimens are said to be preserved in the Guernsey Museum. DoxiumM ZONATUM, Green. Buccinum olearium, Linn. Syst. Nat. probably ; Wood, Index Testac. pl. 22. f. 1, possibly. Dolium olearium, Crouch, Ilust. Lam. pl. 19. f. 2 (1827). Dolium zonatum, Green, Albany Instit. i. p. 131. pl. 4 (June 1830); Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f. 12. Dolium crenulatum, Philippi, Zeitschr. Malak. 1845. p. 148 ; Neue Conch. ui. Dol. pl. 1. f. 1. Although Crouch may have rightly divined the Linnean species, the Linnean definition was too obscure to ensure certainty. 489 DouiuM FASCIATUM, Martini. Dolium fasciatum, Martini, ii. p. 406. f. 1081 ; Lamarck, An, s. Vert. ; Blainv. Dict. Sc. Nat. liv. ; Kiener, Coq. Viv. Dol. pl. 3. f. 5; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f. 11. Buccinum fasciatum, Bruguitre, Hist. Vers, p.247; Bose., Coquilles. Buecinum sulcosum, Dillwyn (not Born), Desc. Cat. ii. p. 584 ; Wood, Ind. Testac. p!. 22. f. 5. DoLiuM LATESULCATUM, Martini. Dolium latesuleatum, Martini, Conch. Cab. ii. p. 396. f. 1072, 1082. Dolium lactescens, Schroter, Index to Martini (1788), abridged from D. lactescens latesulcatum, Mart. ii. p. 390. Buccinum dolium, in part, Bruguicre,. Hist. Vers, p. 246. Buecinum dolium, var. B (as B. allium of Solander), Dillw. Desc. Cat. 11. p. 585. Dolium galea, Montfort, probably. Dolium fasciatum, var., Kiener, Coq. Viv. Dol. pl. 4. f. 6. Dolium costatum, Menke, Synopsis ; Deshayes ed. Lam.; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f. 8. The more characteristic examples (Martini, f. 1072) are oval and of a pearly white; the ribs in the young are, for the most part, obsoletely tessellated ; in a rare variety (Mus. Cuming) the shape is more round than usual, the ribs subarticulately painted with fulvous brown, and their intervals, which are adorned with a single spiral tawny line, concentrically and broadly streaked with greyish purple. The suture in this variety, which I designate picta, is more canali- culated, and between the first two or three of the thirteen ribs which encirele the body-whorl is (as occasionally in the form lactescens) an additional costella. DoutumM CEPA, Martini. Bulla canaliculata, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, from types ; Mus, Ulric. (Young). Dolium cepa, Martini, Conch. Cab. ii. p. 401. pl. 117. f. 1076, 1077. Dolium marmoreum, Schroter, Index to Mart. and Chemn. Cadus cepa, Bolten, for Martini, f. 1076. Buccinum olearium, Bruguiére (not Linn.), Hist. Vers, p. 243; Bosc, Coquilles. Dolium olearium, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. ; Blainv. Dict. Sc. Nat. liv. ; Hanley, Young, Conch. ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f.14. Not of Crouch, Sowerby’s Gen. or Reeve’s Conch. Syst. Buceinum galea, Wood, Index Testac. pl. 22. f. 2, probably. Dolium plumatum, Green, Albany Instit. i. p. 132, probably. The fry of this well-known species proves to be the long-lost Bulla canaliculata of Linneeus, but, as the identity could not possibly have been discovered without an examination of the author’s cabinet, the next earliest binomial appellation has been adopted. The epithet 490 canaliculata would, however, have been peculiarly appropriate, as it specifies an essential and distinctive feature of the species. Although generally accepted, of late, as the olearvwm of Linnzeus, it was deficient, as Bruguicre remarked, in the very important character of an interstitial costella between the belts. The Buccinum olearium of Dillwyn seems an attempt to unite the delineated features of this shell with the Linnean definition. Kiener’s figures, if designed for this species, are by no means characteristic. ‘The engraving of D. olearium in the ‘ Encyclopédie Méthodique’ (pl. 403, f. 1) does not sufficiently exhibit the canaliculated sutures; yet can scarcely be intended for the allied deshayesii. Reeve has figured in his ‘ Iconica’ a very beautiful, but unusual variety, which I take to be the D. plumatum of Green,—a species which has indeed been referred to perdizx, but whose described suture harmonises far better with that of the present Dolium ; his reference to Seba (pl. 65. f. 18, instead of pl. 68. f. 16) was clearly a misprint. Green’s description of D. olearium reminds us more of galea than of cepa. DoutuM pDESHAYESII, Reeve. Dolium perdix, in part, Martini, Conch. Cab. ii. f. 1089, probably. Dolium olearium, Sowerby, Genera Shells; Reeve, Conch. System. pl. 264. f. 1. Dolium Deshayesii, Reeve, Conch. Icon. Dol. f. 15. There is a painting in Knorr (Del. pt. 5. pl. 12. f. 1) which may perhaps have been intended for this scarce shell. » XLV. 1846. aga ee ae 6s. >, XA VIII. 1860, PartI ...6s. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, with Illustra- tions. 8vo. 1] vols. £ s. d. 1849, containing 28 Plates ... cid “i. Priced ee 1850553 AON < 55 eer as cas si, ppt oO 1851, 5 eas es A MAP etree bor oe 1) 1852, 3 2) ae Pe aoe sve l gy hoe, Weer 1853, 9 is, DAE ie ee io west sce Loe ee E804 jn 5, 20 xi os: ee segs open he meen ape 2 aie oe Ae oe PA Pres eter 1 1856, 8 Se hee ie as is. oat le es [toby je leaendies 3} eaala sot oe eo i gy an ep een ile Parades 45 ,, oP “5 Sk yy, ee 1659, Parte, Mo. es: ee ee ise. 95, A eae au el NERS. Ieee she ae meer 59. i eae 5 pt AG 3-5, = Si sh ae Oe Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. 4to. 3 vols. and 6 parts. ee Sed, Vol. I., contaming 59 Plates ... i .. Price 4 18 0 Mole Tis sss hh Se a 3h (oa 55 PAD OAS Vol. IIL, Ee G35; ed see Peer same oon ee Viol. LY:,: Part he 328) 45; ae Ba ics Sr On aeaes Re ee nee oa ae Rees re ent Sh od, (J eo. anlar are iss ir Go ee SS fee Aen oe ; st Aes ie eee 3 Ds 11 29 3 1. A428 2” 6, 10 23 22 bea: ee ee ee eR ee a PRLS Oo Co sr DD 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19: 20. a. 22. 23. 24. 20. 3 The “Transactions” contain the following articles :— Vor dl. 1835: . On the M’Horr Antelope. By E. T. Bennett, Esq. . On the Nervous System of Beroé Pileus, Lam.; and on the Structure of its Cilia. By Robert E. Grant, M.D. , Observations on the Laws which appear to influence the Assumption and Changes of Plumage in Birds. By William Yarrell, Esq., F.LS. & ZS. . On the Structure and Characters of Loligopsis, and Account of a new Species (Lol. guttata, Grant) from the Indian Seas. By Robert E. Grant, M.D. . On the Characters and Description of a new Genus of Carnivora, called Cynictis. By W. Ogilby, Esq., A.M. . On the Chinchillide, a Family of Herbivorous Rodentia, and on a new Genus referable to it. By E. T. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S., Sec. Z.8. . On the Sacculated Form of Stomach as it exists 1a the Genus Semno- pithecus, F. Cuv. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. . Description, with some additional particulars, of the Apteryx Australis of Shaw. By William Yarrell, Esq., F.U.S. & ZS. . On the Anatomy of the Sepiola vulgaris, Leach; and Account of a new Species (Sep. stenodactyla, Grant) from the Coast of Mauritius. By Robert E. Grant, M.D. On a new Genus in the Family of Corvide. By Mr. John Gould, F.L.S. Communicated by the Secretary. _ Characters and Descriptions of several new Genera and Species of Coleopterous Insects. By the Rev. F. W. Hope, A.M. Observations on the Neck of the Three-toed Sloth, Bradypus tridac- tylus, Linn. By Thomas Bell, Esq., F.R.S. On the Anatomy of the Concave Hornbill, Buceros ecavatus, Lath. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. Description of a new Genus of Acanthopterygian Fishes. By the Rey. R. T. Lowe, B.A., Corr. Memb. Z.S. On the Anatomy of the Cheetah, Felis jubata, Schreb. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. Notice of a Mammiferous Animal from Madagascar, constituting a new form among the Viverridous Carnivora. By E. T. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S. Descriptions of some new Species of Cuvier’s Family of Brachiopoda. By W. J. Broderip, Esq. On the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda of Cuvier, and more especially of the Genera Terebratula and Orbicula. By R. Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. Some account of the Maneless Lion of Guzerat. By Capt. Walter Smee, of the Bombay Army, F.Z.S. Description of a new Species of the Genus Eurylaimus of Dr. Hors- field. By Mr. John Gould, F.L.S. ) A few Remarks tending to illustrate the Natural History of two An- nulose Genera, viz. Urania of Fabricius and Mygale of Walcke- naer. By W.S. Macleay, Esq., F.Z.8. &c. Descripticns of some new Species of Calyptreide. By W. J. Brode- rip, Esa. On the Aan of the Calyptreide. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.8. On the Structure of the Heart in the Perennibrauchiate Batrachia. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. On the Young of the Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blum. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.Z.S. A 2 er SONS 4: . Notes on the Natural History and Habits of the Ornithoi hynchus paradoxus, Blum. By Dr. G. Bennett.- . Description d’un nouveau Genre de Mollusques de la Classe des Gastéropodes Pectinibranches. Par E. Riippell, M.D., Memb. Ext. L.S. & ZS. . On Clavagella. By W. J. Broderip, Esq. . On the Anatomy of Clavagella, Lam. By Richard Owen, Esq., F-R.S. & Z.S. . On Nycteribia, a Genus of Wingless Insects. By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. . Some Account of Macropus Parryi, a hitherto undescribed species of Kangaroo from New South Wales. By E. T. Bennett, Esq. . On the Genus Chama, Brug., with Descriptions of some Species ap- parently not hitherto characterized. By W. J. Broderip, Esq. . Characters and Description of a new Genus of the Family Melolon- thide. By John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. &c. . On a Species of Moth found inhabiting the Galls of a Plant near to Monte Video. By John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. &c. . Description of a Microscopic Entozoon infesting the Muscles of the Human Body. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. & Z.S. . On the Anatomy of Linguatula Tenioides, Cuv. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. & Z.8. . Additional Remarks on the Genus Lagotis, with some Account of a second Species referable to it. By E. T. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S., Sec. Z.S. . Observations on the Genus Cancer of Dr. Leach (Platycarcinus, Latr.), with Descriptions of three new Species. By T. Bell, Esg., F.R.S. . On the Osteology of the Chimpanzee and Orang-Utan. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. . On the Anatomy of Distoma clavatum, Rud. By Richard Owen, Esy., F.R.S. & Z:8. . Description of a new Species of Tapeworm, Tenia lamelligera, Owen By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. & Z.S. . Remarks on the Entozoa, and on the Structural Differences existing among them, includmg Suggestions for their Distribution intc other Classes. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. & Z.8. . Additional Observations on Alepisaurus feroz. By the Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A., Corr. Memb. Z.S. Not li Os 4 . On the Quails and Hemizpodu of India. By Lieut.-Colonel William Henry Sykes. . Descriptions of a few Invertebrated Animals obtained at the Isle of France. By Robert Templeton, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.8. . On a remarkable Species of Pteropine Bat. By E. T. Bennett, Esq., ELS; . Some Account of the Crustacea of the Coasts of South America, with Descriptions of new Genera and Species; founded principally on the Collections obtamed by Mr. Cuming and Mr. Miller. By Thos. Bell, Esq., F.R.S. . Some Observations on the Economy of an Insect destructive to Turnips. By Wilham Yarrell, Esq. . Mémoire sur une nouvelle Espéce de Poisson du Genre Histiophore, de la Mer Rouge. Par M. E. Rippell, M.D. 7. On the Genus Ociodon, and on its relations with Ctenomys, Blainv., and Poéphagomys, F. Cuv., including a Description of a new Spe- cies of Cienomys. By E.T. Bennett, Esq., F.L.S. a FF SE ER OEE TT OI SPSS Te eae ES iad oe . On the Anatomy of the Lamellibranchiate Conchifera. By Robert Garner, Esq., F.L.S. . Descriptions of some new and rare Cephalopoda. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. . Mémoire sur les Gerboises et les Gerbilles. Par M. Fred. Cuvier. . Description of a new Genus of Mammiferous Animals from Australia, belonging probably to the Order Marsupiaha. By George R. Waterhouse, Esq. . Descriptions of several new Species of Insects belonging to the Family of the Sacred Beetles. By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. &c. . Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Orang-Utans (Sima, Erxleben). By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. &c. . A Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira; with the principal Synonyms, Portuguese Names, and Characters of the new Genera and Species. By the Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A. . Observations on the Genus Galictis (Bell), with the Description of a new Species. By Thomas Bell, Ksq., V.P.Z.S., F.R.S. &c. . On a new Subgenus of Fishes, allied to Ophidium. By William Thompson, Esq. . Description of a new Species of Antelope. By Capt. W. C. Harris. . Notes on the Anatomy of the Nubian Giraffe. By Richard Owen, Hsq., F.R.S. &e. . On a new Genus of Insectivorous Mammalia. By W. C. L. Martin, Esq., F.L.S. - On the Anatomy of the Southern Apteryx (Apteryx Australis, Shaw). By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. &c. . Observations upon Pelagic Serpents. By Dr. Theodore Cantor. . Outlines of a Classification of the Marsupialia. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. &e. . On the Genus Galeopithecus. By G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. . On the Skull of the North American Badger, Meles Labradoria of Authors. By George R. Waterhouse, Esq. . On the Fishes of the Dukhun. By Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sykes, F.R.S. . On the Osteology of the Marsupiaha. By Richard Owen, Esq., E.R.S. &e. Vou. ITI. 1849. . Supplement to “A Synopsis of the Fishes of Madeira.” By the Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A. . Notes on the Birth of the Giraffe at the Zoological Society’s Gardens, and Description of the Foetal Membranes and of some of the natural -and morbid appearances observed in the Dissection of the Young Animal. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. &c. . Notice of a fragment of the Femur ofa Gigantic Bird of New Zealand. By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S. &e. . Monograph of the Hollow-horned Ruminants. Part I. By William Ogilby, Esq., M.A. . Description of Australian Fish. Part I. By J. Richardson, M.D.,F.R.S. Description of Australian Fish. Part I]. By John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S. &c., Inspector of Naval Hospitals, Haslar. . Observations on the Stenochoride of New Holland, with Descriptions of new Genera and Species of that family. By the Rev. F, W. Hope, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S. &e. . Description of a new Genus and Species of Sponge (Huplectella Asper- gillum, O.). By Richard Owen, Esq., F.R.S., F.Z.S. &e. . Description of some Coleopterous Insects from Tropical Africa, belong- ing to the section Heteromera. By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S. 10. a 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 6 Mémoire sur la Famille des Touracos, et Description de deux Espéces ~ nouvelles. Par le Dr. Edouard Riippell. On Dinornis, an extinct genus of Tridactyle Struthious Birds, with Descriptions of portions of the Skeleton of five species which for- merly existed in New Zealand. By Professor Owen, M.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S8. &e. On the Anatomy ofthe Apteryx Australis, Shaw. Part Il. (Myology.) By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. On the Osteology of the Marsupialia. (Part II.) Comparison of the Skulls of the Wombats of Continental Australia and of Van Diemen’s Land, whereby their specific distinction is established. By Pro- iecon Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &e. On Dinornis (Part II.) : ‘containing Descriptions of por tions of the Skull, the Sternum, and other parts of the Skeleton of the species previously determined, with osteological evidences of three additional Species, and of a new Genus, Palapteryx. By Prof. Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. Observations on the Dodo (Didus ineptus, Linn.) : an Appendix to the foregoing Memoir on the Dinornis. By Prof. Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. On a new Genus of the Family Lophide (les Pectorales Pédiculées, Cuv.) discovered in Madeira. By the Rev. R. T. Lowe, M.A., Corr. Memb. of the Zool. Soc. &ce. On Dinornis (Part III.): containing a Description of the Skull and Beak of that Genus, and of the same characteristic parts of Pal- apteryx, and of two other Genera of Birds, Notornis and Nestor: forming part of an extensive series of Ornithic remains discovered by Mr. Walter Mantell, at Waingongoro, North Island of New Zealand. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. On a new Species of the Genus Apteryx. By John Gould, F.R.S., PLS: &c. Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees. (Troglodytes, Geoffroy), including the Description of the Skull of a large Species ( Troglodytes Gorilla, Savage) discovered by Thomas S. Savage, M.D., in the Gaboon country, West Africa. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. Vou. IV. Part 1. 1850. . On Dinornis (Part IV.) : containing the restoration of the Feet of that Genus and of Palapteryx, with a Description of the Sternum in Palapteryx and Aptornis. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.8. &c. . Contributions to the knowledge of the Animal of Nautilus Pompilius. By J. Van der Hoeven. Vous TV. Parr 2." 1852. - . On the Anatomy of the Indian Rhinoceros (Rh. unicornis, L.). By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &e On Dinornis (Part V.): containing a Description of the Skull and Beak of a large Species of Dinornis, of the Cranium of an immature specimen of Dinornis giganteus (?), and of Crania of Species of Palapteryx. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. . Notice of the Discovery by Mr. Walter Mantell in the Middle Island of New Zealand, of a living specimen of the Notornis, a Bird of the Rail family, allied to Brachypteryx, and hitherto unknown to Natu- ralists, except in a Fossil state. By Gideon Algernon Mantell, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S. &e. . Remarks on Notornis Mantellii. By J. Gould, F.R.S. ~Y PRET No) 11. 12 13 SST IHS S: 14 15 16 SSS FO 17, 18 PT 19 20 7a ae Bl go pe 4 Von. LY. Parr 3. 1853. . Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees (Troglodytes) and Orangs (Pithecus). No. TV. Description of the Cranium of an Adult Male Gorilla from the River Danger, West Coast of Africa, indicative of a variety of the Great Chimpanzee (Troglodytes Gorilla), with Remarks on the Capacity of the Cranium and other characters shown by sections of the Skull, in the Orangs (Pithecus), Chimpanzees (Troglodytes), and in different varieties of the Human Race. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. Votre. Par 4.. 2857. Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees (Troglodytes) and Orangs (Pithecus). No. V. Comparison of the Lower Jaw and Vertebral Column of the Troglodytes Gorilla, Tro- glodytes niger, Pithecus Satyrus, and different varieties of the Hu- man Race. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.S. &c. . Onthe Anatomy of the Great Anteater (Myrmecophaga jubata, Linn.). By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.8. &e. . On Dinornis (Part VI.): containing a Description of the Bones of the Leg of Dinornis (Palapteryx) struthioides and of Dinornis gracilis, Owen. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., F.Z.8. &e. Vou, EV: Par 5. (1858: On Dinornis (Part VII.) : containmga Description of the Bones of the Leg and Foot of Dinornis elephantopus, Owen. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e. . On Dinornis (Part VIII.) : containing a Description of the Skeleton of the Dinornis elephantopus, Owen. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &c. . Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees (Troglodytes) and Orangs (Pithecus). No. III. Characters of the Skull of the Male Pithecus Morio, with Remarks on the Varieties of the Male Pithecus Satyrus. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e. . On the Anatomy of the Great Anteater (Myrmecophaga jubata, Linn.). Part II. By Professor Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &e. Vou. IV. Part é6. 1859. . Additional Evidence relative to the Dodo. By W. J. Broderip, Esq., E.R.S., L:Si/G:s8:.V-P:Z:8. . On some Bones of Birds allied to the Dodo, in the Collection of the ~ Zoological Society of London. By H. E. Strickland, F.G.S. . Notice of an original Painting, including a Figure of the Dodo, in the Collection of His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, at Sion House. By W. J. Broderip, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.Z.8., &e. . Monograph of the Strigide. By Dr. J. J. Kaup, Director of the Museum at Darmstadt; Corresponding Member. / . On some New or little-known Species of Accipitres, m the Collection of the Norwich Museum. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.L.S. &e. . Description of a New Species of the Genus Buteo from Mexico. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.L.S., &e. . Description of a New Species of Owl of the Genus Ciccaba. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.L.S., &e. PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, , Hanover Square, Secretary. Dee. 1859. “Se ADVERTISEMENTS. NEW ORNITHOLOGICAL PERIODICAL. Now ready (price 6s.: Annual Subscription £1: 1s.), Nos. I. 1. III. & IV. (forming Vol. I.), and Nos. V. & VI. of THE IBIS, A MAGAZINE OF GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY. EDITED BY | PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, OXFORD, SECRETARY OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, F.1.8., ETC. London: N. Trisyer anv Co., 60, Paternoster Row. Paris: Fr. Kuinckst=£cx, 11, Rue de Lille. Leipzig: F. A. Brockuaus. New York: Winzy Anp Haustep, 351, Broadway. C. a a > ~ nn Sal tha! mae pn 3 To be completed in 12 Folio Parts, price £1: 1s. each, of which 6 are now ready, Z00LOGICAL SKETCHES ie 8 JOSEPH WOLF. MADE FOR THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, FROM ANIMALS IN THEIR VIVARIUM. EDITED, WITH NOTES, By THE LATE D. W. MITCHELL, B.A., F.L.S. &e. &c., LATE SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. | . London: GRaveEs AND Co., Pall Mall, ! Price 6d., Sewn, i - A GUIDE TO THE GARDENS ie OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. By tHe rate D. W. MITCHELL, B.A, F.L.S. &€. &c,, LATE SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. rte ~ ee & 3 sai ae oe ag ¥ Ne EN LT OPT OT SIN FRI — A NRA st en » Third Edition, corrected according to the present og oe of the Gardens, By PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY. ps ce ome pc a et London: Brappury AND Evans, 11, Bouverie Street; and at the Society’s Gardens in the Regent’s Park. le ere 1 ania sordd p a eee ners ; fig ee SOT HDS ya , a sta thes me | at Se Ee RT ee ee rei emery ee a caren Pears, Se Fee ee ogee er ba Seo fee me eee mee nes oso rene east Coa ene pal rat a ea tS ne Senet * tg wes SO Ree eae Sea Pe beh ie ee ea Sr we ara en at ¥ et ; “ay Saas: Res Neh on Sw stn: A a Bi 2 - nf . Po barter ans aes . ~ - eg 4a eG on ns ae aft we Sees <- bras Aenea tenes Soest Ao etna ane