NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER MANUAL SERIES PROCESSING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FROM OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS PART | CODING AND KEYPUNCHING PUBLICATION M-2 (REV. AUG.1964) The National Oceanographic Data Center is sponsored by government agencies having an interest in the marine environment; it is governed by an Advisory Board composed of representatives of these activities and the National Academy of Sciences. The U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office is assigned responsibility for management of the National Oceano- graphic Data Center. The sponsoring agencies are: Atomic Energy Commission Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Coast and Geodetic Survey Coast Guard Coastal Engineering Research Center Department of the Navy Geological Survey Health, Education & Welfare National Science Foundation Weather Bureau Printed by U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office Washington, D.C. 20390 1964 PRICE $1.00 /WHOI MBL ANI 2 AUN 1 003970c | l 0 O30 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER MANUAL SERIES PROCESSING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FROM OCKANOGRAPHIC STATIONS PART I CODING AND KEYPUNCHING PUBLICATION M-2 (Revised) 1964 FOREWORD This publication describes the methods used at the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) for coding and punching physical, chemical, and meteorological data collected at oceanographic stations. It is intended also to encourage originators of oceanographic station data to submit their data to the NODC on the standarized coding form devised for this purpose. A description of the NODC cards and listing is included to acquaint the oceanographic community with the format of the archived data. Fo f. (are Ce We C. JACOBS ~ ~*~ Director National Oceanographic Data Center abal al TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PORMWORD ss oces oe Vosiwawowsees Gite sae se aiacetormae Se eieee wwe Serre ee See e! TASTWON. CONVERSION TABLEG.<is vow ee tis? ' a euasty “fly : : we 2 ye —sl gat eo Ww : ; Akai, Mi SoD - 7 [ i 7 ee mrp Seto a AKG; 15 LIST OF CONVERSION TABLES Page NODGME OUNERNGs CO Die eysteiels 5, add one (1) to the preceding numeral <5, drop 5, round to nearest even numeral 3- Generally, all shaded fields on the coding form are to be left blank; these fields will be completed at the NODC. 4, Arrange depths in order of descending depth; interfile depths from overlapping casts if necessary. 5. Question marks for doubtful data can be entered only in Columns 322, 37, 42, and 53 of the Detail Card portion of the coding form. The originator may, for record purposes, enter additional chemistry with a question mark; however, doubtful additional chemistry cannot be punched. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CODING THE SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION (MASTER CARD) (See Appendix II for sample Physical and Chemical Data Form) Columns 1-2 COUNTRY CODE Enter the appropriate country code according to Table 1. This field combined with Cruise Number, Columns 73-75, makes up the five-digit NODC Reference Identity Number. Regardless of the ship's registry, the country eode should reflect the nationality of the agency sponsoring or operating the vessel for the particular cruise being coded. Columns 3-4 SHIP CODE Do not code this field; the proper code will be entered at the NODC. The complete ship name should be entered in the space provided on the coding form; include ICES numeric ship-platform code if available. Columns 5-9 LATITUDE Enter latitude in degrees and minutes. [Enter tenths of minutes, when available, in Column 9. Table 2 converts seconds to tenths of a minute. Enter N or S in the space provided on the data form. Columns 10-15 LONGITUDE Enter longitude in degrees and minutes. Enter tenths of minutes, when available, in Column 15. Table 2 converts seconds to tenths of a minute. Enter E or W in the space provided on the data form. Note on Columns 5-15: For station position use location as first determined on arrival at oceanographic station or at time of release of first messenger. If, in the opinion of the originator, appreciable drift occurred during the period while the station was occupied, it should be indicated by an entry in the Remarks space and a red dash in Column 16 of the coding form. If a red dash is entered in Column 16 of the form, x overpunch Column 15 of the card. Columns 16-18 MARSDEN SQUARE No entry is required on the coding form; Marsden square is computed at the NODC from the position coordinates entered in Columns 5-15. A Marsden Square Chart, Table 3, is provided for those originators who wish to enter this information on the coding form for their own records. Columns 19-20 YEAR Enter last two digits of year as determined by Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Columns 21-22 MONTH Enter month as determined by GMI, using numerals O1 through 12. Columns 23-24 DAY Enter day of month as determined by GMT, using numerals 01-31. If one or more oceanographic casts were made on the day prior to the day reported in this field, subtract one day from the station date and enter this date in Columns 23-24. Additionally, ek hours must be added to the actual station time. Columns 25-27 TIME Enter hour and tenths of hour of time of station in GMT. Time normally should represent the time when the surface environmental information was taken, except as mentioned above. Table 4 converts zone time to GMT and Table 2 converts minutes to tenths of an hour. Caution should be exercised when using Table 4, however, as non-standard time zone boundaries are not apparent from this table. Columns 28-30 ORIGINATOR'S CRUISE NUMBER Enter the number, alphabetic or alpha-numeric designator or its closest equivalent, assigned to the cruise by the originator. If year is part of cruise number, do not enter year in this field; year precedes cruise number when listed. (See Appendix III.) EXAMPLE: MRL 5906 = 006 Columns 31-33 ORIGINATOR'S STATION NUMBER Enter ship's station number as assigned by the originator. When com- plex station numbering systems are employed (such as station numbers contain- ing positional codes ) which require more than three columns to record, continue the remaining numerals or letters in Columns 68-72 of the Special Observations field. However, in these cases, Column 72 may contain a numeral only. Columns 34-37 DEPTH TO BOTTOM Enter depth to bottom (sounding ) in whole meters (corrected or uncor- rected). Table 5 converts fathoms to meters; Table 6 converts feet to meters. Although Table 6 is given to tenths of a meter, values obtained from this table should be rounded to the nearest whole meter. (When soundings are greater than 9999 meters, enter the extra digit in Column 34. ) Columns 38-39 MAXIMUM SAMPLE DEPTH Enter the depth of the deepest sample (temperature, salinity, or chemical) to the nearest hundred-meter interval. Round as follows: 0-50 = 00, 51-150 = O1, 151-250 = 02, etc. Columns 40-41 NUMBER OF OBSERVED DEPTHS Enter the total number of observed sampled depths entered on the detailed portion of the coding form. Columns 42-45 WATER COLOR AND TRANSPARENCY Enter water color in Columns 42 and 43 according to the code (based on the Forel-Ule scale) given in Table 7. Additionally, Table 7 converts per- cent yellow (based on Forel Scale) and percent brown to the proper code. Enter transparency values obtained by using a standard white Secchi disc in whole meters in Columns 44 and 45. Columns 46-49 WAVE DIRECTION, HEIGHT, AND PERIOD Enter the direction from which the dominant waves come in Columns 6 and 4:7 according to the code shown in Table 8. (If wave height is 16 feet or greater, 50 must be added to the code value of direction.) Enter the height of the dominant waves in Column 48 according to WMO Code 1555 shown in Table 10 and cross out the letter A at the top of Column 48. Enter the period of the dominant waves in Column 49 according to WMO Code 3155 shown in Table 11. If Sea State is reported rather than wave height and period, enter the state of sea (or amount) in Column 48 according to WMO Code 3700 as shown in Table 12 and cross out H at the top of Column 48, leaving Column 49 blank. ~ Columns 50-53 WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED (FORCE) Enter direction from which the wind blows in Columns 50 and 51 according to the code shown in Table 8. Table 9 is for conversion from points, quarter points, or a scale of 32. There is a choice of entering either wind speed or force in Columns 52-53: 1. Wind speed in knots. Conversions are given in: Table 13 (meters/second to knots) Table 14 (miles/hour to knots) Table 15 (kilometers/hour to knots) Table 16 (feet/second to knots) 2. Wind force according to the Beaufort scale as defined by Table 17. (Do not use WMO Code 1144. ) IMPORTANT: The unit not used, i.e., speed or force should be crossed out at the top of the column of the data form. Columns 54-56 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Enter barometric pressure in millibars. Enter tens, units, and tenths only. (Example: 1012.62 = 12.6) The recordable range is 945.0 to 1044.9 mbs. Enter pressure falling outside this range in the Remarks space of the data form. Table 18 converts inches to millibars. Table 19 con- verts millimeters to millibars. Columns 57-62 AIR TEMPERATURE Enter the dry bulb temperature in Columns 57-59 and the wet bulb temperature in Columns 60-62 in degrees centigrade to tenths. Indicate negative temperatures by a prominent red dash over the numeral(s) in Column(s) 57 and/or 60. Table 20 converts °F. to °C. If temperatures are reported to whole degrees Fahrenheit, round the centigrade conversions to whole degrees, and leave Columns 59 and/or 62 blank. Columns 63-64 WEATHER There is a choice of two types of entries for weather. 1. Enter an X in Column 63 and enter the weather in Column 64 according to the single digit WMO Code 4501 as shown in Table 21. This is the preferred weather code. Conversions from other weather codes are given in Tables 22 and 23. 2. Enter present weather in Columns 63 and 64 according to the two-digit WMO Code 4677 as shown in Table 24. Because code figures OO through 03 are not descriptive of present weather, Code 4501 is preferred instead of these code figures. Columns 65-66 CLOUD TYPE AND AMOUNT Enter type (genus) of cloud in Column 65 according to WMO Code 0500 shown in Table 25. Enter cloud amount (fraction of the sky covered by clouds) in eights in Column 66 according to WMO Code 2700 shown in Table 26. Column 67 VISIBILITY Enter visibility according to WMO Code 4300 shown in Table 27. Columns 68-72 SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS Special observations may be entered in this fields however, the ori- ginator must indicate in the Remarks space of the data form the nature of the special observations, decimal places, units, and/or codes used. When reporting special observations, enter a red dash in Column 72. As mentioned previously, these columns also may be used for the continuation of the originator's station number when exceeding three digits (see page 7, Columns 31-33, ORIGINATOR'S STATION NUMBER), but in this case no other information may be placed in this field. Columns 73-80 PROCESSING NUMBERS No entries are required on the coding form. The Cruise Number (Columns oe) is assigned by the NODC. These numbers are unique within each country. The entry in Columns 73-75 is combined with the entry in Columns 1-2 and, together, they comprise the NODC Reference Identity Number. The NODC assigns numbers to each station consecutively in the order in which they are submitted on the coding form or in the order in which they appear in published source material. The NODC enters the numeral one (1) in both the coding form and the punch card to identify the station Master Card. 10 INSTRUCTIONS FOR CODING THE SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS (DETAIL CARDS) (See Appendix II for sample Physical and Chemical Data Form) Columns 1-24 are omitted from the coding form. The entries for these columns on the Detail Card are identical to the Master Card. Columns 25-27 MESSENGER TIME Enter hour and tenths of hour in GMT at time of release of messenger applicable to the observational level. Table 2 converts minutes to tenths of an hour. The time entry also serves to distinguish multiple casts at one station. When a station began on one day continues into the next day, all casts made on the second day should have 24 hours added to the messenger time. If messenger times are not given for multi-cast stations, but indi- vidual casts are identified, enter the numeral 1 in Column 27 for all depths of the first cast, a 2 in Column 27 for all depths of the next cast, and 3, 4, etc. for all depths of subsequent casts. Columns 28-32 DEPTH OF SAMPLE Enter depth of sample in meters in Columns 28-31. (When sample depths are greater than 9999 meters, enter the extra digit in Column 28.) Column 32 may be used to enter tenths of a meter or a question mark for doubtful depths. To indicate thermometrically determined depths, place a dagger (t) in Column 32 at each depth that both an unprotected thermometer and pro- tected thermometer were used. (The entries in the depth field should be corrected depths only; however, if depth entries are uncorrected "wire-out" depths, enter the letter Z in Column 32 of the coding form.) Standard depths which have not been sampled need not be entered on the data forms interpo- lated values for these depths are normally computed by NODC. The originator of the data may, however, code his own interpolations at standard depths. The messenger time for these depths must be left blank and the numeral 7 must be entered in Column 80 of the coding form. - Columns 33-37 TEMPERATURE Enter temperature in °C. to hundredths in Columns 33-36. Column 37 may be used for entering an additional (thousandths) decimal, a precision indicator coded according to Table 28, or a doubtful data indicator (7). To indicate a negative temperature, place a prominent minus sign in red before the numeral entry in Column 33. (Column 33 has extra width for this purpose. ) aE Columns 38-42 SALINITY Enter salinity in parts per thousand to hundredths in Columns 38-41; Column 42 may be used for entering an additional (thousandths) decimal, a precision indicator coded according to Table 28, or a doubtful data indi- cator (): Table 29 converts chlorinity to salinity. Columns 43-50 do not appear on the data form. On the punch card these columns are reserved for computed sigma-t (o4 ) and sound velocity. Sound velocities measured by a velocimeter (or temperatures or salinities based on these measurements ) should be forwarded or coded separately. Columns 51-53 OXYGEN Enter oxygen in milliliters per liter (m1/1) to hundredths in Columns 51-53. (If determined to tenths only leave Column 53 blank.) Table 30 converts milligrams per liter (mg /1) and Table 31 converts milligram-atoms per liter (mg-at/1) to m1/1. To record oxygen values greater than 9.99 m1/1 enter two numerals (tens and units) in Column 51. Columns 54-71 CHEMISTRY Columns 54-71 are intended for entering the additional chemistry fields described below. These are the only chemistry entries which will be punched routinely. A chemistry card to record chemistry other than that shown below is being developed at the NODC. However, provisionally any chemistry may be substituted in any one of the fields provided that: 1. It can be reported in a three digit field. ©. The proper code in Table 41 is entered in Column 72 to indicate the field in which the substituted chemistry is entered. 3. The nature and units of the substituted chemistry are fully described in the Remarks space of the data form. Columns 54-56 PHOSPHATE Enter inorganic phosphate in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to hundredths. Conversions from other units are shown in Tables 32-3}. 12 Columns 57-59 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS Enter total P in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to hundredths. Columns 60-62 NITRITE-NITROGEN Enter nitrite-nitrogen (NO,-N) in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to hundredths. Conversions from micrograms per liter of NO, and N to micro- gram-atoms per liter of NO,-N are shown in Tables 35 and 37, respectively. Columns 63-65 NITRATE-NITROGEN Enter nitrate-nitrogen (NO,-N) in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to tenths. Conversions from micrograms per liter of NO, and N to microgram- atoms per liter of NO,-N are shown in Tables 36 and 37, respectively. Columns 66-68 SILICATE-SILICON Enter silicate-silicon in microgram-atoms per liter (ug-at/1) to whole units. Conversions from other units are shown in Tables 38-0. Columns 69-71 oH Enter pH in Columns 69-71. Column 72 SUBSTITUTED CHEMISTRY Enter the appropriate code as given in Table 41 to indicate which chemistry field contains substituted chemistry. If no substitution was made, leave Column 72 blank. Columns 73-79 are omitted from the data form. The entries in these columns of the Detail Card are identical to the entries in the Master Card; the information must be reproduced in each Detail Card from the Master Card. 13 Column 80 CARD TYPE For observed sample depths (including those falling at standard depths), enter the numeral 3 in Column 80 to indicate an Observed Depth Card. If an originator wishes to code his own interpolated standard depths, the numeral 7 is entered in Column 80 on the data form for each individual interpolated standard depth. (Computed items such as sigma-t, sound velocity, dynamic depth anomaly, etc. will be computed for this type of card, but computations will be based on the values as reported by the originator. ) In a few instances only interpolated data may be available for certain cruises and/or stations. In these instances, the numeral 4 is entered in Column 80. Such a card will be treated by the computer as though it were an observed level. 14 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PUNCHING NODC OCKANOGRAPHIC STATION CARDS (See Appendix II, Page 115, for sample Oceanographic Station Card. ) In general, the Physical and Chemical Data Form for Oceanographic Stations is arranged in such a manner that most of the numeric and alphabetic entries can be punched directly into the corresponding columns of the punch card. The alphabetic punch code used at the NODC is the standard letter punch code shown below. STANDARD LETTER PUNCH CODE Letter Punch Letter Punch Letter Punch A ale) op ab J IL ap ab S) ORE B 12+ 2 K 11 +2 ls O+ 3 C 12 + 3 L M3 U O+ 4 D 12+ 4 M 11 + 4 Vv O+5 E Ie Gr DS) N iu ae 7S) W 0+ 6 F le + 6 ) 11 + 6 4 O+7 G 120+ 7 12 ee (A Nj 0+ 8 H 12+ 8 Q 11+ 8 Hd 0+9 a 12+9 R eso Question marks in Columns 32, 37, and 42 of the Detail Cards are punched as the letter Q in the same column. The correct entry and location for certain 12 and 11 punches cannot readily be determined from the data form. For this reason, the correct entry and location for these punches are given in the special punching instructions below. 15 MASTER CARD ENTRY ON DATA FORM Letter S between Columns 9 and 10 Letter E between Columns 15 and 16 Red dash in Column 16 Numerals 10 in Column 34 Letter H crossed out in columnar heading of Column 48 (letter A not crossed out). Word SPEED crossed out in columnar heading of Columns 52-53 (word FORCE not crossed out). Red dash in Column 57 Red dash in Column 60 Red dash in Column 72 DETATL CARDS CODING FORM Columns 1-24 Dagger (t+) in Column 32 Question mark (7?) in Column 32 Red dash in Column 33 Question mark (?) in Column 37 Question mark (?) in Column 42 16 ENTRY IN PUNCH CARD 11 punch in Column 8 11 punch in Column 14 11 punch in Column 15 Letter A in Column 34 11 punch in Column 48 11 punch in Column 52 11 punch in Column 59 11 punch in Column 62 11 punch in Column 72 11 punch in Column 80 for data processing machine control. PUNCH CARD Same as Master Card 11 punch in Column 31 Letter Q in Column 32 11 punch in Column 36 Letter Q in Column 37 Letter Q in Column 42 DETAIL CARDS (CONT'D) CODING FORM PUNCH CARD Two (2) numerals in Column 51 11 punch in Column 51 Question mark (7) in Column 53 11 punch in Column 53 if SUMMARY OF OVERPUNCHES WHICH MAY APPEAR IN THE NODC ARCHIVE DECK All 11 and 12 punches appearing in the Data Input Deck are reproduced in the Cruise Archive Deck. However, a number of additional 11 punches are generated by the computer during the computation process. A complete list of 11 and 12 punches (other than alphabetic) which may appear in the Oceanographic Station Cards of the Cruise Archive Deck follows: MASTER CARD (NUMERAL 1 IN COLUMN 80) Location of Entry “in Punch Card 11 Punch and Purpose Column 8 11 punch to indicate South latitude Column 14 11 punch to indicate East longitude Column 15 11 punch to indicate that according to originator, extensive drift occurred while on station. Column 48 11 punch to indicate that state of the sea (or sea amount) is given rather than wave height and period. Column 52 11 punch to indicate wind FORCE is given rather than SPEED. Column 59 11 punch to indicate a negative dry bulb air temperature. Column 62 11 punch to indicate a negative wet bulb air temperature. Column 72 11 punch to indicate that a SPECIAL OBSERVATION is reported in Columns 68-72. Column 80 11 punch in Column 80 for data pro- cessing machine control. 18 OBSERVED DEPTH CARDS (NUMERAL 3 OR 4 IN COLUMN 80) Location of Entry in Punch Card Column 8 Column 1 Column 15 Column 31 Column 36 Column 46 Column 51 Column 53 11 Punch and Purpose 11 punch to indicate South latitude. 11 punch to indicate East longitude. 11 punch to indicate that according to originator, extensive drift occurred while on station. 11 punch to indicate a thermometric depth. 11 punch to indicate a negative temperature. 11 punch generated by the computer to indicate a negative sigma-t (o,). 11 punch acts as a control punch so that 10 is added to the oxygen value. 11 punch to indicate doubtful oxygen. STANDARD DEPTH CARDS (NUMERAL 6 OR 7 IN COLUMN 80) Location of Entry in Punch Card Columns 6, 1s; 15, 36, 46, ply and. 53 Column 59 Column 63 19 11 Punch and Purpose Same as Observed Depth Card. 11 punch generated by the computer to indicate a negative specific volume anomaly. 11 punch generated by the computer to indicate a negative dynamic depth anomaly. EXPLANATION OF THE NODC LISTING FORMAT Effective August 1963, oceanographic station data processed by NODC are released in a new listing format. It is specifically designed for the printout of the NODC Cruise Archive Deck described in this manual. Two types of listings are available. The Archive Listing is printed on plain tabulating paper, is used for routine release of data, and is the standard archive shelf product at NODC. Stations are listed in con- tinuous order, with page breaks occurring at random within stations. Columnar headings are not printed; identification of fields is accomplished by use of a template provided with each listing. The Publication Listing is identical in format but is printed on heavy white paper suitable for photo-offset lithographic reproduction. A clear, plastic-overlay template is provided to identify the fields. Tick marks on both the listing and the template facilitate registry. An example of the NODC Publication Listing is shown in Appendix III. The following is a complete description of the entries, units, and codes appearing on all new NODC listings. (See template shown in example of station. ) TOP PART OF TEMPLATE ENTRY DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Reference NODC Reference Identity Number. Publication C-1, Reference Sources of Oceanographic Station Data, gives complete bibliographic and other pertinent information for each cruise. Country code NODC country code. This code (both numeric and alphabetic) indicates nationality of the insti- tution or agency conducting the survey or expedition. Identity number A reference archive number assigned by NODC for storage-retrieval purposes. Ship code NODC's alphabetic designation of ship's name (or ICES numeric ship code, if available). 20 ENTRY Latitude Longitude Drift indicator Marsden square 10” TE? Station time GMT Month Day HR. 1/10 Year Originator's Cruise number Station number Depth to Bottom Max. depth of samples DESCRIPTION OF FIELD In degrees, minutes, and tenths of minutes, N or 5. In degrees, minutes, and tenths of minutes, EK or W. The letter D appears in this column if, according to the originator, extensive drift occurred while on station. Marsden square number according to the Marsden square system. (Appendix I, Table 3.) Date and time given by the originator in GMT. Month (GMT) Day of month (GMT) GMT to nearest tenth of an hour. Year. Cruise number, alphabetic or alpha-numeric designator, as assigned by the originator. If the year of the cruise forms part of the cruise numbering system, the year digits are found in the preceding field. Originator's station number or designator. Corrected or uncorrected sounding depth in meters. (Read A in first column as 10) Depth of deepest sample in hundreds of meters to nearest hundred-meter interval. a ENTRY Wave observations ibblas' Sea amt. Weather code Cloud codes Type Amt. NODC station number Water Color code Trans. (m) DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Direction from which the dominant waves are coming, in tens of degrees, according to WMO Code 0885. Height of dominant waves according to WMO Code 1555. Period of dominant waves according to WMO Code 3155. Sea amount (sea state) according to WMO Code 3700 (preceded by letter A). If preceded by the letter X, weather according to WMO Code 4501. A numeric two-digit entry indicates weather according to WMO Code 677. Cloud type according to WMO Code 0500. Cloud amount in eighths according to WMO Code 2700. This number is assigned by NODC for data storage and retrieval purposes. The reference and NODC station number combined, uniquely define each station in the NODC archives. CENTER PART OF TEMPLATE Water color according to Forel-Ule Code. Transparency in meters as determined by Secchi Glsics 22 ENTRY DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Wind Dir. Direction from which the wind is blowing, in tens of degrees, according to WMO Code 0877. Speed or Force If preceded by letter 5, wind speed in knots, if preceded by letter F, wind force in Beaufort Code. Barometer Pressure in millibars, tens, units, and tenths (mbs ) shown only. Air’ Temp. °C. Dry bulb Dry-bulb air temperature in degrees centigrade to tenths. Wet bulb Wet bulb air temperature in degrees centigrade to tenths. Vis. code Visibility according to WMO Code 4300. No. of Obs. Levels Total number of observed levels (depths) com- prising the station. Special observations Special surface observations. This is a free optional field. Nature of entry in this space will vary with individual cruises. Information concerning entries in this field can be requested from NODC. > BOTTOM PART OF TEMPLATE (Applies to third and all succeeding lines of listing) ENTRY Messenger time HR. 1/10 OR Cast No. Card Type Depth (m) DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Time (GMT) of release of messenger, in hour and tenths of hour, at observed levels. If a multiple cast series extends past midnight, 24 hours are added to the cast time(s) of the casts that are taken during the next day. Number of cast (not printed when messenger time is given). OBS - Observed (sampled) level. STD - Standard interpolated depth. Interpolation of temperature, salinity, and oxygen computed by a modified 3-point LaGrange formula. *STD - Standard depth values interpolated by the originator or hand-interpolated by NODC. LIT - Interpolated standard depth values; origi- nal observed values not available. NOTE: When a valid observed level coincides with a standard depth level, both the OBS and STD lines will appear. Depth of sample (or standard level depth) in meters. A numeric entry of tenths of meters appears as the fifth digit of the depth field. Postscript T indicates a depth at which both a protected and an unprotected thermometer were used. Subscript Q indicates that the value is marked doubtful by the originator. A value designated as potentially implausible by NODC is marked with a P. Z indicates uncorrected "wire out" depth. ek ENTRY SIGMA-T Specific volume anomaly - X 1? Sound Velocity NOTE: Og m/l. PO, -P ug-at/1 DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Temperature in degrees centigrade to hundredths; a thousandths place appears as a fifth numeral. (For Q or P notation, see Depth field.) For alphabetic precision entry, see Table 28. Salinity in parts per thousand (ppt) to hundredths of ppt. A thousandth of a ppt appears as a fifth numeral. (For Q and P notation, see Depth field.) For alphabetic precision code, see Table 28. Sea water density expressed as sigma-t (o,) to hundredths (g/1-1000). When temperature and/or salinity is marked doubtful, P, Q, or * is suffixed to o,. Specific volume anomaly in (cm*/gm) X 107. Appears at standard depths only. Dynamic depth anomaly in dynamic meters X 10°. Appears at standard depths only. In meters per second to tenths of a meter, according to Wilson's formula. In the following designations, the character "1" stands for a small letter "L" denoting liter. Oxygen in m1/1 to hundredths. Q indicates doubtful value as determined by either the originator or the NODC. Inorganic phosphate in microgram-atoms per liter of P to hundredths. 25 ENTRY Total-P ug-at/L NOg-N pg-at/1 NO,-N ug at/1 Sid, -Si yg-at/1 oH NOTE: (1) (2) DESCRIPTION OF FIELD Total phosphorus in microgram-atoms per liter of P to hundredths. Nitrites in microgram-atoms per liter of N to hundredths. Nitrates in microgram-atoms per liter of N to tenths. Silicates in microgram-atoms per liter of Si. pH to hundredths. Notation TRC in chemistry fields indicates report of trace or a value less than 1 in the last column. A numeral appearing two spaces beyond the pH column is an Optional Chemistry Substitution code. The optional chemistry fields are numbered from left to right beginning with PO,-P = 1 through pH = 6. The code numeral indicates that the entry in the respective field is NOT as given on the template. (A special template with the correct field designator will be furnished for publication purposes by special request only. ) 26 APPENDIX I Conversion Tables ef TABLE 1 NODC COUNTRY CODE NAME Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Ceylon Chile China Colombia Congo (BRAZZAVILLE) Denmark Finland France Germany Ghana. Greece Iceland India Indonesia Treland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Japan Korea Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nigeria Norway 29 TABLE 1 (Cont'd) CODE NAME 62 Pakistan 65 Peru 66 Philippines 67 Poland 68 Portugal one South Africa 90 Soviet Union 29 Spain TT Sweden 86 Thailand 89 Turkey el United Arab Republic 31 United Kingdom Sie United States 93 Venezuela 95 Yugoslavia NOTE: Other country codes will be added to this list as needed. 30 TABLE 2 Tenths Conversion Conversion from seconds (of position) or minutes (of time ) to tenths of minutes or hour Range of Tenths of Secs. or Mins. Mins. or Hrs. 31 TABLE 3 (a) 100° 90’ 60° 70° g —————— & 8 035 8 nN Ss S MARSDEN SQUARE CHART 35 i t \ 1 Aeneas wae may = " — , : mega rn ay “ a ~~ = Me hw say women es gh id ed eT - Hi ” Mi d : sar 5 io 7 mF < f an veer ‘ ee pmo ! a ee tee ysl ee oi RL CMR oe CR ee or ee i H 7 ; ; ' | 1 of io} my ; j A ‘ yd 1) ; ”* \ : ‘ ' iy di, 5 a er *< i 7 , } i \ ¥ A + i / I y ; : i 1 r i™ te | , 7 i“ : : ; % ; I My || i 7 4 ( 1 ; { ‘ ‘ eae gy x . . = 4 * 2 ¢ 4 aa at | ‘ “ Pe : i \ - i / } , 4 ‘ vr ie” f 4 tat ery. ee ! iT , f mi . i y 4 | j J ' 1 i. ' I ' : to ‘a . - ~~ 9 iF ¥ a OF : re | ' , % 4 aly hb ' ! - i ary wt Lat ie ( ghd wis \ ! 7 am | ' bree fi Toa Ai MB, @ ef A ® Hi ¢ 1 1 ‘ ¢ { } uy ‘ Ni EOP a Wy 14 , ‘ r } \ , 1 i 5 PS, HAoysgy t' fies ‘ Mk / i | ) é i pin Sony SrA a te Pr 1 ¥ 4 s y ft £5 : t f i ri, AD bieeet They ff d vee ae) Ree Beta i ; Tivo t ah j a a & ine 5 a if oad ae Ne Cy ey i y eet hoy. 4: nee i, eS ie ‘ \ C1 PG Plk va F ine ere ? re ¥ ; Mae adehoh d a ie f : : ¢ ; : 4 dala med " ae @ . i \wae ae a te ee ee ee a Do el en ice oe" , ree t. & oe oe apa fchodiviain om enka i ‘ ‘> ; f | > i a Whe Bolla UB ghie TE OE Oh po NIRA : \ ‘ t ty ; A “

eyes tid yet i ee Ct eh ee al ; 5 , aa 5 Ly 7 H As j i ’ | Saw) % ad ] | NORTH LATITUDE ef=[=[efel=[2[2[=[el) | | SOUTH LATITUDE 10+ TABLE 3 (b) ONE DEGREE DIVISIONS OF MARSDEN SQUARES WEST LONGITUDE 21 | 20 | 29 Pell ele elo a] nfo EAST LONGITUDE 0° 10° 20| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 20 | 21 vn} 12} 13 15]}16] 17] 18] 19} 10} 41 fo} [os | o4 | 02 |o2 | o ig | N ° ao a @ . N ») o N Gas S re iRCNa Ne S| Sa ae ele BEBENs |S N = N ° is) @ wn “N . wo ° wo @ > ) > o eka afa w hol nn o aes stette “leben 2 ee ans « NSB o[ [a feel 63 | 62] 61 | 60 7349 272 70 : alee EEE Ge ° @ | wn nN °o ° fo} fo} fo} rfl oa nf on 20 | 29 | 28 | 27 22) 21) 20 203) 21 ik22 23 29 | 20] 21 10° 10 WEST LONGITUDE =) ° EAST LONGITUDE ONE DEGREE SQUARE QUADRANT MARSDEN SQUARE SOUTH LATITUDE ° NORTH LATITUDE ° 10 Time (GMI) Conversion from zone to Greenwich mean time TIME- ZONE CONVERSION TABLE EAST LONGITUDE WEST LONGITUDE +12]+11]+10] +9 | +8 | +7 js Be es ed =) | 10 SMe 0EeGLE od (OE .LST <5 OE.CVT i0E LET a5 OE .eTT (0E .L6 10E .cS O OE LE jaa) 10E cS 10€ oLO0 LWON 10€.L0 z= 10E 6c? oO 10E © a 10E o 2s 10E 6 1s 10€ o ze. 10€ © pe 10E CLIT 10€ oLET 10€ ocVT =|s i0€ oLST x< 10€ ee ou0Z ene TABLE 4 FOLLOWING DAY g SSD DE GOGDRERGR ROUGE EDEOD Be. BOB EOGE 09 10 ote fete (ef) econo 07 08 11 V2 = 14 15 nas — 08 09 10 spe pete b SSS i 15 20 21 04 Em eaeca 06 07 09 ll 12 13 14 = 16 LZ Pe | 02 03 05 06 07 eo ol a [Le | [oe 03 04 05 10 ll 2 1s} 14 pas) 16 ca 7 oe [or [os it 12 T 02 03 04 05 P| eae o1 02 03 04 Pe Pe | os [os | eH Hd etal Foe 07 CO SE olo ° 14 15 LY 12 13 2 foe | 16 Piso 20 15 16 AVG ONIOGOU Ud 36 EXPLANATION: If day change (diagonal) line is crossed from right to left, subtract one day; from left to right, add one day. Example 05 in L (-11) time is 18 GMT of preceding day. To convert from local time to any other time, locate local time in zone column and proceed horizontally to zone wanted. TABLE 5 Depth Conversion from fathoms to meters (1 fathom = 1.8288 meters) Fathoms 0.0 Oo 0.2 023 0.4 05) 0.6 (015 7/ 0.8 0.9 Meters 0 0 0) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 8 9 00 10 20 30 40 Sf TABLE 5 (Cont'd) Depth Conversion from fathoms to meters (1 fathom = 1.8288 meters) Fathoms 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Fathoms 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1829 2012 2195) 2377 2560 2743 2926 3109 3292 3475 2000 3658 3840 4023 4206 4389 4572 4755 4938 5121 5304 3000 5486 5669 5852 6035 6218 6401 6584 6767 6949 7132 4000 7315 7498 7681 7864 8047 8230 8412 8595 8778 8961 5000 9144 9327 9510 9693 9876 10058 10241 10424 «10607 10790 38 TABLE 6 Depth Conversion from feet to meters (tenths ) (1 foot = 0.3048 meter) Feet ©) 1 2 3 4 5 6 fe 00 0.0 O53 0.6 0.9 lee 135 1.6 eal 10 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.2 20 Gad 6.4 Car Tad 7.3 Teo 1.9 G.2 30 eal 9.4 CG Ol {10.4 10.7 O° 12.3 re) Tepe 1e.5 ese SAL ee Say (SO: U3 50 Wiel 5.6: 25.0 lbs sess. Slec8: eit lye 60 Ges.) Gee |" U8e9. BOB. “955 §19.8: 20k “20s4 70 Beagrie: IS9: 22.3) “2.0 2259 “23.2 Ji2325 80 Oley PT Ya5.0° 25.3 “25.6 "25.9 se6.2 § 26.5 90 ef. O77 28.0 28.3 28.7 29.0 29.3. 29.6 100 205 coed “Sied- Sind 37.7" 32.0 4 3253, 32.6 110 Boece so.c set, “Si salt. .35ul «1 S35ek 3561 120 3626 30-9 e317.) 37.5 Sh. 28. «6382 138.7 130 30.0) 39-0 “No.2 - 40,52 Stowe: “Wie “hiss “i.e 140 oe Se Or sas Have igo ie Sys. 150 et etoeO. es Vibes Be 26 “46-9. ite aS 6 9 160 G26, Ol uO Na wo 7 §50.0'' “5053 50.6 50.9 170 Cio oe WG2 8 arose. “oo80s 25805 -ba6G. 5559 180 Per 5562 255.5: © 5550 25601 ~ 565) 5627 - 5720 190 bio 50e2 50655) Soec” “S9.r 59.4) §59.7 60.0 200 Sl Os OlesmeOleOwrOl.0. “Ols. woe eo me Ole 8 Ose) 210 OWsO) 64.3 solo. “OSG 65.2 96555. «65.0 “66.1 220 Grek 67 67.7 6000" 68.3 > 68.6. 69:9 69.2 230 (Onl sO-bererOen | leCecties - feo, Flac “(222 240 oe Seo re ed, Sie “Thee > Fo." ~75e3 250 Toso ) feed. Tost e Tielue ‘(late hrer> (660) “(Oss 260 9.2 79.6 7959 80.2 80.5. -680.8° @i.i 8124 270 8263 82.6 @2.9 93.0 83.5 83.3 “Sh.2 hit 280 65.3 65.6 86.0 86.3 86.6 86.9 87.2 87.5 290 88.4. 88.7 89.0 89.3 89.6 89.9 90.2 90.5 39 @ Ne) Fr Ow i Non Ke ON FEO FROWN e e e e e e e e NOB el a Or) \0 \O OO-7N MONMNNNDE iO AW O-7A Go no NN Po FEFWWWw U1 1M \O OVP PRO OM} \O0O MONA e 4 “9 4 “9 4 oO “3 8 “3 < se -T e e ° e e FPONN ND ee © @® e& @ Wil @ OVE ON e e . ° e e e e Ors NO Own 10 \O is e Ox a2)5)4 Die es RAS 277. 307. 368. 399. 429, 460. 490. 5el. Dol. 582. OW 1S) ©o ° i er CW COW OO F\O FO NDNA TN) 612. 643 673 7TO4. 73. NH OF OO 765. 1956 826. 856. 887. O17. O47. 978.4 \O OWN ON © Conversion 20 IT +5 128.0 158.5 189.0 219.5 249.9 280.4 310.9 341.4 371.9 402.3 432.8 boss 493.8 52h .3 554.7 585.2 615.7 646.2 676.7 MO tel (320 768.1 798.6 829.1 859.5 890.0 920.5 951-0 981.5 TABLE 6 (Cont'd) 1 foot = 0.3048 meter we) ie) ne) SOUT Ow V1 ine) ~~ e. @. ce: 1s 4 a. See: 6 V6 . @¢ «© 8 @ —j oA io W CW CW \O WO F\O VI 1S) (2) ee 6 ° ee 8 «© « «@ * © © @ @ AN WM COW CO WOoOFrForF WOFOWO (ee) 1S) Vi + oe Ke ee FO)! ST 50 166.7 W762 167.6 198.1 228.6 259.1 289.6 320.0 350.5 30150 11.5 442.0 472.4 502.9 533-4 563-9 594.4 624.8 655.3 685.8 (<3 746.8 Gite 807.7 838.2 868.7 899.2 929.6 960.1 990.6 60 109.7 140.2 nine rey g 2012 231.6 Pola 292.6 303-1 85346 384.0 Ws 445.0 475.5 506.0 536.4 566.9 597-4 627.9 658.4 688.8 (1923 749.8 780.3 810.8 841.2 O(let 902.2 932.7 963.2 993-6 70 ales 143. ner este 204. Pah, 265. 295. 326 356 387 417 LAE LO 509. 539. 570. 600. 630. 661. 691. Tees 752. 783. 813. 84h. 874. 905. 935+ 966. 996 . . ° e e ° HOR OV from feet to meters (tenths) AhbnAnnnN WW © NI Ow Ow cai} [Rees W COW CW \o #\O £\O 80 145. 146. lon OT. 237 268. 298. 329. 359. 390. 420. sae 481. ble. silier 513+ 603. 634. 664. 694. (25x ee 786 816. 847 877 908. 938. 969 999 NC Go) 7 C0 o NWO WW OWO to FIONN O UW] Ow FON Owl I ND 90 118.9 149.4 179.8 210.3 240.8 OTla3 301.8 332.2 362.7 393-2 Losey 454.2 484.6 5 Lb eit 545.6 57621 606.6 637-0 667.5 698.0 (2825 759.0 789.4 819.9 850.4 880.9 onl A 941.8 972.3 1002.8 TABLE 7 Water Color Forel-Ule scale and conversions from percent yellow and percent brown scales Percent Percent Forel-Ule Code Yellow Brown Scale AL TABLE 8 Direction In tens of degrees from which waves and/or winds are coming Calm (no waves-no motion) 5°- 14° 15°- 24° 25°- 34° 35°- 44° 45°- 54° 55°- 64° 65°- 74° 75° - 84° 85°- 94° 95° - 104° 105° - 114° 115° - 124° 125° - 134° 135° — 144° 145° — 154° 155° — 164° 165° - 174° 175° - 184° 185° - 194° 195° — 204° 205° - 214° he 99 215° — 224° 225° — 234° 235° - 244° 245° — 254° 255° — 264° 265° — 274° 275° — 284° 285° — 294° 295° - 304° 305° - 314° 315° - 324° 325° — 334° 335° - 344° 345° — 354° 355°- 4° Waves confused, direction indeterminate (waves equal to or less than 434 metres) Waves confused, direction indeterminate (waves grea- ter than 434 metres) Winds variable, or all direct- ions or unknown Table 8 is a combination of WMO Codes 0885 and 0877. TABLE 9 Direction Conversion from points, quarter points, or a scale of 32, to a scale of 36 points Pew [ser fo] [= POINTS POINTS N6E to NL4E S6W to SLUW 1% 19 N15E to N25E SL5W to S25W N26E to N34E] 3 p S26W to S34W N35E to N45E S35W to S4OW N4U6E to NOME SLEW to SS4w N55E to N65E 2 S55W to S65W N66E N74E S66W to S7T4W N75E re S75W to S85wW N86E S86W S89W S89E NSOW S85E 7 N85W STHE 1 N74W S65E 1 N65W SS4E ] NS4W SUSE ] N45W S34E ] N34W S25E 1 N25W SLUE 1 N1i4w N6W S5E to SlE ale N5W to N1iW S N SlW to SSW MLE to NSE TABLE 10 Height WMO Code 1555 for recording height of the dominant waves Code Code if 50 is added to direction 0 Less than 1/, m (1 ft) 0 5 m(16_ ft) 1 ¥% m (1% ft) 1 54m (17% ft) 2. 1 m(3_ ft) 2 6 m (19 __ ft) 3° 44%4m.(5: ft) 3 6%m (21_ ft) 4 2 m(6% ft) 4 7 m (22% ft) 5 2%m(8_ ft) 5 Tm (24 _ ft) 6 3 m(9% ft) 6 8 = m (25 % ft) 7 3%m (11 __ ft) 7 8%m (27 ft) Si ae (1S ett) 8 9 m (29 _ ft) 9 4%m (14 _~ ft) 9 9% m (30 \% ft) X Height not determined Notes: (1) Each code figure provides for reporting a range of heights. For example: 1=14 m (1 ft) to34 m (2% ft); 5= 2% m (7 ft) to 234 m (9 ft); 9= 41% m (13% ft) to 434m (15 ft), etc. (2) If a wave height comes exactly midway between the heights corresponding to two code figures, the lower code figure is reported; e.g. a height of 234 m is reported by code figure 5. (3) In aeronautical forecast codes, only the left-hand table is to be used and code figure 9 has the meaning: 4% m (14 ft) or more. (4) The average value of the wave height (vertical distance between trough and crest) is reported, as obtained from the larger well formed waves of the wave system being observed. yy TABLE 11 Period WMO Code 3155 for recording period of dominant waves Code Code 16 or 17 seconds 18 or 19 seconds 20 or 21 seconds Over 21 seconds Calm, or period not determined 2 5 seconds or less 3 6 or 7 seconds 4 8 or 9 seconds 5 10 or 11 seconds 6 12 or 13 seconds 7 14 or 15 seconds x - Oo © & Notes: (1) The period of the waves is the time between the passage of two successive wave crests past a fixed point (it is equal to the wave length divided by the wave speed). (2) The average value of the wave period is reported, as obtained from the larger well-formed waves of the wave system being observed. 45 TABLE 12 Sea State WMO Code 3700 for Recording Sea State Height (T) Description (f ) The average wave height as obtained from the larger well-formed waves of the wave system being observed. * The exact bounding height is to be assigned for the lower code figure, e.g. a height of 4 meters is coded as 5. 46 TABLE 13 Wind Speed Conversion from meters per second to knots (1m/see = 1.94254 knots) 7 TABLE 14 Wind Speed Conversion from miles per hour to knots (1 mph = 0.86839 knot) 48 TABLE 15 Wind Speed Conversion from kilometers per hour to knots (1 km/hr = 0.539593 knot) hg TABLE 16 Wind Speed Conversion from feet per second to knots (1 ft/sec = 0.5921 knot) ft/sec 00 O1 02 03 Oh 05 06 OT 08 09 50 TABLE 17 Wind Force Conversion from knots, meters per second, kilometers per hour, and miles per hour to the Beaufort wind scale VELOCITY EQUIVALENT AT A STANDARD HEIGHT OF 10 METERS ABOVE OPEN FLAT GROUND DESCRIPTIVE TERM mean velocity In knots meters/sec Calm Light air Light breeze Gentle breeze Moderate breeze Fresh breeze Strong breeze 10.8 - 13.8 Near gale 13.9 - 17.1 Gale 17.2 - 20.7 Strong gale 20.8 - 24.4 24.5 - 28.4 Violent storm 28.5 — 32:6 Hurricane 32:7 - 36.9 37:0 — 41.4 83 - 92 41.5 - 46.1 93 - 103 46:2 - 50.9 104-114 51.0 - 56.0 115 — 125 56.1 - 61.2 126 - 136 DL TABLE 18 Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from inches of mercury to millibars* (1 inch of Hy = 33-8639 mbs) Aya) 4h 8 ieee 45.5 Hoe 3) 46.2 46.5 46.8 lite L765 Ngee) 28.0 48.2 48.5 48.9 49.2 49.5 49.9 50,2 50.6 50.9 Blee 2GeL Silke! Sunes) 5233 52.6 52.9 bers 53.6 53.9 54.3 54.6 28,2 5.0 55.3 55.6 56.0 bo. peru PTO 5.3 ene 58.0 28.3 58.3 58.7 59.0 59.4 59.7 60.0 60.4 60.7 61.1 61.4 Pelee eal g 62. 62.4 62.8 63-1 63.4 63.8 64.1 64.4 64.8 28.5 65.1 65.5 65.8 ler al 66.5 66.8 Wee 67.5 67.8 68.2 28.6 68.5 68.8 69.2 69.5 69.9 1.2 ous TOs9 s@ere) 11-6 28.7 (9 (eee 1266 72.9 1308 73.6 7320 (eS T6 Ted 28.8 Toes (5.6 76.0 (6.3 (6.6 Tso ies leet Toa0 Teed 28.9 78.7 79.0 79.3 Toate 80.0 80.4 80.7 81.0 sauy 1.7 29.0 S21 82.4 62.7 83.1 ogee 83.7 84.01 84.4 84.8 85-1 29.1 85.4 85.0 86.1 86.5 86.8 or eal 87.5 87.8 88.1 6g.5 29.2 88.8 89.2 89.5 89.8 90.2 90.5 90.9 91.2 91.5 91.9 29.3 92.2 92.6 92.9 93.2 93.6 93.9 94.2 94.6 94.9 95.3 29.4 95.6 95.9 96.3 96 .6 97.0 97.3 97.6 98.0 98.3 98.6 29.5 99.0 99.3 993'( 00.0 00.3 00.7 01.0 01.4 Olef 02.0 29.6 oes O2ai 03.0 03.4 C327 O41 o4.4 O4.7 05.1 05.4 2.7, 05.8 06.1 06.4 06.8 eygne Ofe5 07.8 OS AL 08.5 08.8 29.8 09.1 09.5 09.8 10.2 10.5 10.8 ie 2 125 HLS) 12.2 29.9 nes 12.9 3 2 1325 1329 nese.) 14.6 14.9 aes 15.6 30.0 15.9 1623 16.6 1629 fas Lice Eso 18.3 OSG 19.0 30.1 19.3 19.6 20.0 2063 20.7 210 P143 eur eeKie 22.4 30.2 OOeT 23.0 O3o' Pewee al0 e4.4 ol. lpr 25.4 Oost 30.3 26.1 26.4 26.8 Peas 27.4 OT. ioral 28.4 28.8 29.1 30.4 29.5 29.8 30.1 30.5 30.0 cule: SHS 3128 32.2 32.5 30.5 32.8 33.2 Boer) Se) 34.2 34.5 34.9 3362 a5-0 Spa, 30.6 36.2 36.6 36.9 37.3 37-6 37.9 33.3 38.6 38.9 3943 3027 39.6 40.0 40.3 40.6 mao i ee Tea Ng 42.0 re-8 42.7 30.8 43.0 43.3 oe 4h oO Wy a7 45.0 45.4 5.7 46.1 30.9 46.4 46.7 ite Wy Ty a ¢ eral 48.4 48.8 4Q.1 hO.4 Bag) 49.8 50.1 5u.5 50.8 Sila Slo 51.8 5p 52 52.5 52.8 *The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded; the true range of this table is 944.8 - 1052.8 mbs. He TABLE 19 Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) ie ti We ds A Ge ay | Ae iS eae oed SS Lee | ols lS. 2 ie o uGeis | ouG Gnome w moO) a WTO me Une as plas © wit od @ Mtr Neo. Hoek wie Nees eS eG Nee 48 Wows ho k loss 6 boy ~ 4g.8 «6 9.9 5061-50 Domo 50e7 50.9 SiO. PSI) le sie Voie: <5 Sino 52s 152.20 52 es 65255" “Se.6. (52c7- 4 52. BBea So 5345 Sef | 5850" 53-9 | OAS AN, Bingo) ONG SAO 55.0 «65551. 55-3 5564 55. Beet “bOel 5Oee0 9 56.3- “5625 56.6. “S687 56; Digs wiDiet 3ieo Otst hee SieG = 750. 50% 50.0 5Oe— 58.9 59.0" 59.20 59.3. 59.4 59 50.98 ©i0el + 60.2 “60.3.0 “G0. 60.6 60.7 60 Clasee Ole 61.5 S61.7 "6le8" 9G159 “62.1. 62 6220. (16227 62:9 ~63.0 “6321 “6353 G3. 63. C2208 Ohl Hone Gls 164.5 GG Ghey .6k. Ors boos (65.5 65-7 “65.0 ° 65.9 - Go. 66. 6626.66. 4 66.9 6720 «67.1 (67.3 67s 67; 67.9 6G.1 68.2 68.3 (60.5 68.6 68.7 66 6G.3 #605, 69.5 ‘6927 69.8 69.9 “70.1 70 TOs fOsr *FO.O° “71.0 “TLL “files ee io mates “(ose “72.0. - (eho. “fesG - 972.7 s seg toe Soe 37 “fee8 "(3.9 THe 74 TsO “(Hep “TheO- 75.0" “75.1 7523 ~~ T5e4 5 ToeGe (Oels (Oc2)° 76.3 (625 “(6.6 ‘(6.7 “fe Tes ieee (ie Gls) “(heGe T%-9 “(el 7 Wes 5 (Oa( eV (029 “79:0 (9x 79.3 “TO.4 19 (99 ee OO OOn2 886053. 80.5 980.6 805.7 "SO *The hundreds digit is not recorded. of Table 20 is 943.9 mbs - 981.1 mbs. 2 The true range 79 45,0 5 22 IR HG eo ee i lt. Ee 9 49.0 49 a. '50.3-, 50 Drs (ene Oe D305 33 @ 54.3 54 oe a> O° 51-0 of 2 58.3 58 5 59.7 59 G. 61.0 - 61 Do 62.3: i623 S63. 263 Q 65.0 "65 2 66.3 66 & 86726 “60 <9 60050" 269 Fe OAS eC, 2) la) oo (350 SHS =o, ieee | Te -> ost. ito so sO"! inn Se sins) the! oo eet ie so. Ob.0 - 81: of this part [ea Ce Se lets | eel eet Ieee Pee OOM i OOA Ny 4 OOM OOS EsGoNs "Go SE Consia TABLE 19 (Cont'd) Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont'd) (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) 736 Sing SGig eles CSley (Olea 2i0! 6 202el eo we oe =o Tt @2.6 82.7. 862.9 83.0 @3.1° 963.3. 6324-9" 63.5 —O3.7 | -Csne 738 83.9. 64.1 “6b.2 853 64.5 9 Gh6.0 Chi7 8k9. 85.0 ‘85am 739 B53 O5.4 | 05.54 65.7 [05.8 65.9 86,1" 66.2 06.95 scGc5 THO 86.6. |-66.7 lO6.09.-87.0. O71 “8753 Sf. “85° “Sir Stee TAL =9 (86.1 388.2 88.35 88:5 63.6. 88.7 83.9 8950 ~cSzm The 23 OO. 8925, “89.7 “89.8 / 18959" 90.1 590.2. —90.3 “gene 7Th3 267 90.7 «00.9. 07 91.0 9 OL. O93 = Sis S165 oly) SiG Thy SO ORs Lhe O2.2-0' 02.3) 30065) ©9246 whe. © (92-00) 63,0) oom Th5 3 93-4 93.5 93.7 93.8 93.9 94.1 94.2 94.3 94.5 746 6 94.7 94.9 95.0 95.1 95.3 95-4 95.5 95.7 95.8 TAT 9 96.1 96.2 96.3 9.5 96.6 96.7 96.9 97.0 97.1 748 3 OT-4 97.5 97-7 97-8 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.5 T49 6 98.7 98.9 99.0 99.1 99.3 99.4 99.5 99.7 99.8 750 5G) J00sls 0002 <2. 0053" VO0s5= “00:6 00.7" 00.9" 01,0 "Soran T51 3 Oleh: (0165) O1N7° O08) 0169, G24, ~O2.2:, 0253 ) 20225 752 16) M257 02.9 0850 Os3.1 03.3 O32% 03.5 03.7 | O766 753 -9 Oho olwe oO4.3 OF7.5 O8F4.6 O4.7 O419 05.0 -O5eal 754 <3 05.4 05.5 05.7 05.8 05.9 06.1 06.2 06.3 -0Gn5 755 26 OG2f 06.9. 07.0 07-2. 07.3 Ofek “O7.5- “O7-7 | Ore 756 07.9 08.1 08.2 08.3 - 08.5 08.6 08.7 08:9 09.0 O9;a T5T 0923 09-4 °09:5 09-7 09.8 “09.9 1031, 40.2 . 10.31) 1085 758 TOG: LO.f 20.9 21.0 del ies tio ito. ey) Slee 759 IO ese Pe.) tees, tess - deve = aesy eo 0, ee 760 Hoch “le 18.5 Sey 1826 Ss Ti ee. Ci ene 761 h.6. D4.7 D.9 15.0 D5.1 25.3 25.4 1535. 15.7 1558 762 15:9 36.0 16.2 36.3 Jost 1646. 16.7 ~26.8 2750'7 ier 763 1722 tik 17. Wee yeS. 17.9. 16.0 26.2 1023.9 olde 764 18.6 26.7 26:6 29.0 10.0 20,2 19.45 19:5 16.67 Jie 765 19.9. 20.0 20.2 60.3 “80:4 20.6 20.7 20.8 > 21-0 @2i7i *The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true range of this part of Table 20 is 981.3 mbs - 1021.1 mbs. 54 mm of Hg 766 767 768 769 770 ae Te (ae ce 175 776 it 778 (Ge, 780 781 782 783 784. 785 786 787 TABLE 19 (Cont'd) Atmospheric Pressure Conversion from millimeters of mercury to millibars* (Cont'd) (1 mm of Hg = 1.33322 mbs) OKC (Ral: One 0.3 0.4 Ons 0.6 Oni 0.8 OL PM Ola th eK Sly P16 ©2140. 21.9°--22.0° 22,2 -2eu3 De Oreo npm 20.0. 25.0 Teas -23.8, 25. Peco 723.6 B3.0; ~ol.0 sele 21.3) ehh eG e4.7 lea? 25.0 p52 25, 6 25.5. 25.6 25.8 25.9 ° 26.0" 26.2 26.3 BOSC ob te DOlb) J2TsOv efals “27cm. 2 %eTes > “2766 Bue ec.0.§ 20.2 C.g0 “2o.8- 26.6 ..420.7,- “20.0: 29.0 O22 OG 9 PO.5° .80.6- S298. “2919 80.0... 3012 3023 206° 30.7 c0sG? ' SIaOr pectats “Sib: Sigler Sis5r° Si6 Si Oooo ae ele (AP S8) "BSc e “3P.o FS287 ~~ Sea0) £33.90 33.2 33.4 33.5 33.6 933-8 33.9 34.0 34.2 34.3 So PSie Pe seG; <3550)) 2500. “35s2° 135.4) Bons - 35x60 B52o- 40.0! 23002) 3653 36.4 “3626. -36.7 36.8. 37.0 Bie Of Sea SiO? S960 3769: psesOe 30 B0s3 BOON cOeT a Cee 80.0) 39.14 220.2 “2G ie 3925 39.6 29-0 HOO 10.2 40,3 “hos ©4O.6. Fo.7. FOr64.- 210 Mee Bir dss -ie6 MieB wolie he yee hes LolG, sieey WelG. waco VCs eiisee) We hee 3S mheG LO He Ore ty aS se ie Ge VS rae. 545.0 ee ee ee SG eS Or 15.9) CG Or 46.2 846.8 Guo plbs 7) ose, 7 LO ere ee” ae ToT 66 eo s8O~O eee Noes. Phe? “S260: hee (bbs oso 49.2 kok 49.5 49.6 49.8 49.9 50.0 50.2 50.3 *The hundreds and thousands digits are not recorded. The true range of this part of Table 20 is 1021.2 mbs. - 1050.4 mbs. DD 0.9 av) MUI Orr oF Ww WI . e e . e e e e e ° HOE @ FROFrH is VWI OrfrHoOFLr TABLE 20 Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade oF 0.0 Or1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Os 0.8 0.9 56 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade oF 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 103 102 101 100 99 98 | 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 ie 78 77 a TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade Sa 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.4 005 0.6 O07 0.8 09 58 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion trom Fahrenheit to Centigrade on 0.0 Ol 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 BE) TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade et 0.0 Owl 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 PrP PrP PP BPP PP PP rs DP OE ne Ne ai on 9) GO OE Oo Re IN ae A ON OS 1 i} [= tS) -2 60 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade ne on 0.0 Ol 0.2 O35 O04 0.5 0.6 O.7 0.8 09 61 TABLE 20 (Cont'd) Temperature Conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade on 0.0 Owl 0.2 ors) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 62 Conversion from Fahrenheit to TABLE 20 (Cont'd) -50.2 = 20a -51.5 -51.8 52.4 -5209 =D =) -54ol 54.6 5502 5507 -56 03 -56.8 Temperature -50.2 -50.8 a) -51.9 52644 5300 -5526 -54.1 era oe 5508 -56.3 -56.9 -503 -50.8 -51.4 Sole? -5205 =Jpel -53.6 =H ac —5 67 -5543 -5 508 -56 4 —50 09 Centigrade 0.6 Onc -50.3 -50.4 -50.9 -50.9 -51.4 -51.5 -52.0 -52.1 -52.6 -52.6 -53.1 -53.2 =D9a) -H De 5462 -54.3 -54.8 =-54.8 SD0e 2 ha Det =D 09 Deo 56.4 -56.5 Se. oad 0.8 -50.4+ -51.0 -51.6 -52.1 een I =D ee 558 -54.3 -54.9 5584 -56.0 566 =F lal OoOmAND ON & W DY TABLE 21 Present Weather WMO Code 4501 for recording present weather Clear (no cloud at any level) Partly cloudy (scattered or broken) Continuous layer(s) of cloud(s) Sandstorm, duststorm, or blowing snow Fog, thick dust or haze Drizzle Rain Snow, or rain and snow mixed Shower(s) Thunderstorm(s) 64, TABLE 22 Present Weather Conversion from Beaufort weather notation to WMO Code 4501 Abbreviation ibs Description Blue sky whether with clear or hazy atmosphere, or sky not more than one-quarter clouded. Sky between one-quarter and three-quarters elouded. Mainly cloudy (not less than three-quarters covered. Dri azile for fine mein. Wet air without rain falling. Fog. Wet fog. Gloomy. Hail. Line squall. Lightning Mist. Overcast sky (i.e., the whole sky covered with unbroken eloud). Passing showers. Squalls. Rain. Sleet (Ge rain and snow together). Snow. Thunder. Thunderstorm. Ugly, threatening sky. Unusual visibility. Dust haze; the turbid atmosphere of dry weather. 65 Code O a BH mM FO Oro FF Fu \OiNOr—]' =] ON Neomgee) FON TABLE 23 Present Weather Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the 20 en 22 25 oh 25 26 al 28 2g WMO Code 4501 Code Underlined ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION OF SKY AND SPECIAL PHENOMENA Cloudless Partly cloudy. Cloudy. Overcast. Low fog, on ground or over sea. (equivalent ) Haze (but visibility greater than 2,000 m., 2,200 yds). Dust devils seen. Distant lightning. Light fog or mist (visibility between 1,000 and 2,000 mn., 1,200 and 2,200 yds). Fog at a distance, but not at the ship. Precipitation within sight. Thunder, without precipitation at the ship. Dust storm within sight, but not at the ship. Ugly, threatening sky. Squally weather. Heavy squalls. in last 3 hours Waterspouts seen. PRECIPITATION IN LAST HOUR BUT NOT AT TIME OF OBSERVATION Precipitation (rain, drizzle, hail, snow, or sleet) Drizzle Rain Snow Rain and snow or sleet Rain shower (3). Snow shower (s). Hail or rain and hail shower (s). Slight thunderstorm. Heavy thunderstorm. other than showers 66 WMO Code 4501 O al 1 2 4 h h 9 h h 6 a 5 o 9 9 g ) 6 in last hour 7 but not at it time of 8 observation. / g e) 2) TABLE 23 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 DUST STORMS AND STORMS OF DRIFTING SNOW WMO Code (Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards) 4501 (equivalent ) 30 Dust or sand storm. 3 BL Dust or sand storm, has decreased. 3 32 Dust or sand storm, no appreciable change. 3} 33 Dust or sand storm, has increased. 3 34 Line of dust storms. = 35 Storm of drifting snow. 3 36 = Slight storm of drifting snow generally low. 3 3 Heavy storm of drifting snow 3 38 Slight storm of drifting snow panera ti inen 3 39 Heavy storm of drifting snow 3 FOG (Visibility less than 1,000 m., 1,100 yards ) ie) Fog. y 41 Moderate fog in last nour tout not at time of observation. 4 yo Thick fog in last hour 4 ic ee a eee ae ae | has become thinner during last hour. : Bb. ie nee me rec n oe no appreciable change during last hour : ’ 47 Fog, sky discernible has begun or become thicker during 4 48 Fog, sky not discernible J last hour TF 4g Fog in patches. 4 DRIZZLE (Precipitation consisting of numerous minute drops ) 50 Drizzle 5) 5a Intermittent cehe aioe 5 ie Continuous Bilis ena 5 23 Intermittent moderate drizzle. 2 Su Continuous 5 22 Intermittent thick drizzle. z) 56 Continuous 5 Dili Drizzle and fog. - 58 Slight or moderate Aeon aiesae 5 59 Mheek 5 67 TABLE 23 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 WMO Code RAIN 4501 (equivalent ) 60 Rain. 6 61 Intermittent . ; 6 slight rain. 62 Continuous gh 6 63 Intermittent Ble re eet oa 6 64 Continuous | 6 65 Intermittent : 6 hea : 66 Continuous nee 6 67 Rain and fog. z 68 Sa aa ; 5 ; 7 69 Heavy rain and snow, mixed. 7 SNOW 70 Snow or sleet if Tal Intermittent ; ca Plsk 7 72 Continuous eee - i 3 Intermittent moderate snow in flakes if Th Continuous 7 © Intermittent a . ff 76 Continuous Cavy snow in flakes f 1K Snow and fog. = 78 Granular snow (frozen drizzle). i 79 lice Temysitalisi: 6 SHOWERS (S) 80 Shower (s) 8 81 Shower (s) of slight or moderate ; 8 82 Shower (s) of heavy aaa 8 83 Shower (s) of slight or moderate vas T 8h Shower (s) of heavy 7 85 Shower (s) of slight or moderate : 7 86 Shower (s) of heavy Teen end “Snow. “ 87 Shower (s) of granular snow “e 88 Shower (s) of slight or moderate ' . . U6 h d hail. 89 Shaye ee ae ail, or rain and hai 7 68 TABLE 23 (Cont'd) Conversion from 1936 International Meteorological Organization Code to the WMO Code 4501 WMO Code THUNDERSTORM 4501 (equivalent ) 90 Thunderstorm 9 91 Rain at time thunderstorm during last hour, but not at 9 92 Snow, or sleet at time time of observation. 9 93 Thunderstorm, slight without hail or soft hail, 9 but with rain (or snow) Oh Thunderstorm slight with soft hail 9 95 Thunderstorm moderate without hail, but with 9 rain (or snow) 96 Thunderstorm moderate with soft hail at time of 9 97 Thunderstorm heavy without hail, but with observation. 9 rain (or snow) 98 Thunderstorm combined with dust storm 9 99 Thunderstorm heavy with hail 9 69 TABLE 24 Present Weather WMO Code 4677 for recording present weather Code figure ww o 00 Cloud development not observed or not .. 9 observable | a 22% | 01 Clouds generally dissolving or becoming less characteristic change eee developed of the state of sky ° “% 02 State of sky on the whole unchanged aie the past nour =e 03 Clouds generally forming or developing 04 Visibility reduced by smoke, e.g. veldt or forest fires, industrial smoke 2 or volcanic ashes E 05 Haze : 06 Widespread dust in suspension in the air, not raised by wind at or near ° the station at the time of observation = 07 Dust or sand raised by wind at or near the station at the time of observa- Be tion, but no well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s), and no dust- — storm or sandstorm seen 3 08 Well developed dust whirl(s) or sand whirl(s) seen at or near the station A during the preceding hour or at the time of observation, but no duststorm o or sandstorm r 09 Duststorm or sandstorm within sight at the time of observation, or at the station during the preceding hour 10 Mist 11 ( Patches of shallow fog or ice fog at the station, whether on land or 42 | More or less ¢ Sea, not deeper than about 2 metres on land or 10 metres continuous at sea 13. Lightning visible, no thunder heard 14 Precipitation within sight, not reaching the ground or the surface of the sea 15 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea, but distant (i.e. estimated to be more than 5 km) from the station 16 Precipitation within sight, reaching the ground or the surface of the sea, near to, but not at the station 17 Thunderstorm, but no precipitation at the time of observation 18 Squalls | at or within sight of the station during the preceding 19 Funnel cloud(s) ** { hour or at the time of observation * The expression ‘‘at the station’’ refers to a land station or a ship. ** Tornado cloud or waterspout. 70 TABLE 24 (Cont'd) ww = 20-29 Precipitation, fog, ice fog or thunderstorm at the station during the preced- ing hour but not at the time of observation Code figure ww 20 Drizzle (not freezing) or snow grains 21 Rain (not freezing) 22 Snow not falling as shower(s) 23 Rain and snow or ice pellets, type (a) 24 Freezing drizzle or freezing rain 25 Shower(s) of rain 26 Shower(s) of snow, or of rain and snow 27 Shower(s) of hail*, or of rain and hail * 28 Fog or ice fog 29 Thunderstorm (with or without precipitation) ww = 30-39 Duststorm, sandstorm, drifting or blowing snow ww 30 — has decreased during the preceding hour 31 Slight or moderate dust- - no appreciable change during the storm or sandstorm preceding hour 32 - has begun or has increased during the preceding hour 33 - has decreased during the preceding hour 34 Severe duststorm or - no appreciable change during the sandstorm preceding hour 35 - has begun or has increased during the preceding hour 36 Slight or moderate blowing snow | 37 Heavy drifting snow 38 Slight or moderate blowing snow 39 Heavy blowing snow generally low (below eye level) generally high (above eye level) ww = 40-49 Fog or ice fog at the time of observation ww 40 Fog orice fog at a distance at the time of observation, but not at the station during the preceding hour, the fog or ice fog extending to a level above that of the observer 41 Fog or ice fog in patches 42 Fog or ice fog, sky visible has become thinner during the preceding 43 Fog or ice fog, sky invisible { hour * Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée. (ae Code figure Fog or ice fog, sky visible | no appreciable change during the preced- Fog or ice fog, sky invisible { ing hour Fog or ice fog, sky visible has begun or has become thicker during Fog or ice fog, sky invisible TABLE 24 (Cont'd) the preceding hour Fog, depositing rime, sky visible Fog, depositing rime, sky invisible ww = 50-99 Precipitation at the station at the time of observation ww = 50-59 Drizzle Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, Drizzle, not freezing, intermittent not freezing, continuous not freezing, intermittent | not freezing, continuous f not freezing, intermittent not freezing, continuous freezing, slight freezing, moderate or heavy (dense) slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation heavy (dense) at time of observation Drizzle and rain, slight Drizzle and rain, moderate or heavy Rain Rain, not freezing, intermittent Rain, not freezing, continuous Rain, not freezing, intermittent Rain, not freezing, continuous Rain, not freezing, intermittent Rain, not freezing, continuous slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation heavy at time of observation Rain, freezing, slight Rain, freezing, moderate or heavy Rain or Rain or drizzle and snow, slight drizzle and snow, moderate or heavy Solid precipitation not in showers Intermittent fall of snow flakes | Continuous fall of snow flakes f Intermittent fall of snow flakes Continuous fall of snow flakes slight at time of observation moderate at time of observation TABLE 24 (Cont'd) Code figure 74 1h) 76 77 78 79 Intermittent fall of snow flakes Continuous fall of snow flakes Ice prisms (with or without fog) Snow grains (with or without fog) Isolated starlike snow crystals (with or without fog) Ice pellets, type (a) heavy at time of observation ww = 80-99 Showery precipitation, or precipitation with current or recent thunder- storm 99 Rain shower(s), slight Rain shower(s), moderate or heavy Rain shower(s), violent Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, slight Shower(s) of rain and snow mixed, moderate or heavy Snow shower(s), slight Snow shower(s), moderate or heavy | Shower(s) of snow pellets or ice - slight pellets, type (b), with or without { rain or rain and snow mixed - moderate or heavy slight Shower(s) of hail*, with or without rain or rain and snow mixed, not associated with thunder Slight rain at time of observation Moderate or heavy rain at time of observation Slight snow, or rain and snow mixed or hail** at time of observation Moderate or heavy snow, or rain and snow mixed or hail** at time of observation moderate or heavy thunderstorm during the pre- ceding hour but not at time of observation Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, without hail**, but with rain and/or snow at time of observation Thunderstorm, slight or moderate, with hail** at time of observation Thunderstorm, heavy, without hail**, but with rain and/or snow at time of observation Thunderstorm combined with dust- storm or sandstorm at time of obser- vation Thunderstorm, heavy, with hail** at time of observation thunderstorm at time of observation EE Ve so * French: gréle. ** Hail, ice pellets, type (b), snow pellets. French: gréle, grésil ou neige roulée. (é TABLE 25 Cloud Type (Genus ) WMO Code 0500 for recording cloud type (genus ) Code OF Cirrus... ems aemrcmes Ci 1 Cirrocumulus ...... Cc 2 Cirrostratus ....... Cs 3 Altocumulus ..... - Ac 4 Altostratus ....... As 5 Nimbostratus ...... Ns 6 Stratocumulus...... Sc 7” SStratus oie. Gs St 8 Cumulus........ CU 9 Cumulonimbus. .... . Cb x Cloud not visible owing to darkness, fog, duststorm, sandstorm, or other analog- ous phenomena 74 TABLE 26 Cloud Amount WMO Code 2700 for recording cloud amount Code 0 Oo 0 1 1 okta or less, but not zero 1/,) or less, but not zero 2 2 oktas om 110 3 3 oktas ng 4 4 oktas ee 5 5 oktas Sle 6 6 oktas ho -*l10 7 7 oktas or more, but not 8 oktas 9/49 Or more, but not 2/4, 8 8 oktas 100 9 Sky obscured, or cloud amount cannot be estimated U0) TABLE 27 Visibility WMO Code 4300 for recording visibility at surface Code 0 Less than 50 metres (less than 55 yards) 1 50-200 metres (approx. 55-220 yards) 2 200-500 metres (approx. 220-550 yards) 3 500-1,000 metres (approx. 550 yards-5/8 n.m.) 4 1-2 km (approx. 5/8-1 n.m.) 5 2- 4 km (approx. 1-2 n.m.) 6 4-10 km (approx. 2-6 n.m.) 7 10-20 km (approx. 6-12 n.m.) 8 20-50 km (approx. 12-30 n.m.) 9 50 km or more (30 n.m. or more) 76 TABLE 28 PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT CODE Columns 37 and 42 may be used for entry of a precision of measurement code. See table below. Provisions under which the originator may enter the precision of measurement code are as follows: 1. Temperature and/or salinity are reported to the hundredths place only. 2. A "cruise measurement error" has been computed and is entered in the general remarks space of the coding form. The "cruise measurement error" is defined as the standard deviation of the differences between all duplicate determinations or paired thermometer readings obtained for the cruise (or specific groups of stations of the cruise. ) This parameter may also be given (for future inclusion on the cruise master card now being developed) even though no individual precision of measurement codes are given at individual observed levels. 3. The doubtful data entry (?) is given precedence over the precision code entry. h., No precision of measurement entry should be coded at individual levels where the difference is equal to or less than the "cruise measure- ment error." For example, if the "cruise measurement error” for salinity is + 0.018 %, no precision code entry should be made for determination differences of 0.018 % or less; in this example, the first permissible precision of measurement "entry" would be D. Difference of Difference of Paired Thermometers (°C. ) Dual Salinity Measurements (%) Code 50g: ~005 A -02 OIG B .03 sOL5 Cc Oo - 020 D 05 2025 E .06 -030 F SONG 03D G 08 -oh0 18h 09 O45 oli Palle) -050 J pale sODD K Pal . 060 L male .065 M sli er >. 2070 or > 2070 N NOTE: Thousandth place should be truncated, not rounded (i.e., 0.010 through 0.019 = 0.01) before determining code. Tae CL TABLE 29 Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity °/o9 Cl Ss Cl s 0.40 0.75 0.80 Ley Tal ore -81 hg ho “79 .82 51 43 81 .83 53 yy 502 84 55 45 8h 85 56 46 . 86 .86 58 LT -88 .87 60 48 -90 .88 62 hg 91 .89 -64 0.50 0.93 0.90 165 ol 295 =O 67 52 .97 -92 69 “23 299 °93 71 4 1.00 xe) 73 255 1.02 295 Ty 56 1.04 -96 76 SG 1.406 -9T 78 650 1.08 .98 80 59 109 .99 82 0.60 iain 7,00 1.84 -61 Urls sO 85 202 Tei5 402 87 -63 a i i -03 89 -64 1.19 -O4 91 -65 1.20 705 93 -66 i202 06 4 .67 iets 207 96 .68 1.26 -08 98 -69 1.28 209 2.00 O«7O 129 hie ee) 2.02 Ayal 1230 a. 03 Aa: 133 Ee, 05 °73 13D a3 OT aye alles Sif oy ele) Py ds: 1436 015 ALS “16 140 a6 2 SIC Te ge) ler 14 -78 1.44 pis) 16 -179 1.46 [19 18 78 TABLE 29 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/00) Cl S Ci S Ci S iee0 3.28 2.20 4.00 2.60 4,72 281 030 Beal 002 yor: aT 82 032 422 ° O44 262 Bf) 233 255 2 206 ples 078 B44 035 24 Or 264 080 285 Sy; 25 209 065 81 .86 039 26 ell -66 «83 087 o 41 a2 5G. 667. 085 088 Past) .28 Pal .68 °87 89 en 029 16 269 089 1.90 3.46 2.30 4.18 2670 4.90 291 48 031 220 ry hs 092 292 050 32 «22 are 294 a5 seul 39 224 Pts) 96 0 94 Se) 234 025 ore 098 275 <0 55 aot “a ) 099 096 057 36 029 76 5.01 eit 359 37 e5L 17 PLO}) 098 060 38 033 Bits) 205 99 Ae: 29 234 PG) 207 AOS) 3.64 2.40 4,46 2.80 5.08 Ol .66 Aro 238 81 210 02 .68 ete ~ +0 282 a2 003 069 43 petty) 83 mae 04 fall 44 343 84 ol6 205 0 (3 045 oA 5 85 ples 206 ie 46 +7 86 mate, OT st aur 049 87 eel: 208 -78 248 251 88 023 209 280 249 2 89 625 2.10 3.82 2.50 4454 2.90 5.26 rin 84 251 050 291 228 a2 086 052 058 692 0 30 s13 o87 Psi! 260 093 oe 014 089 54 261 04 aot #5 ood Fish) 063 eS) 035 Pall; 093 256 065 96 0357 Ly 095 aor 267 Bei) ee, 18 96 258 269 098 41 ol9 98 059 510 Poke, 043 ? 032 oy) 039 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/oo) TABLE 29 (Cont'd) Salinity 80 TABLE 29 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°700) 81 nae alte Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/o0) “719 6.80 81 TABLE 29 (Cont'd) 12 Salinity 82 13.57 208 00D 8.10 ell 012 pls) ol4 015 -16 oy, 018 019 Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/00) TABLE 29 (Cont'd) 15 Salinity 83 15 16 16 16 TABLE 29 (Cont'd) Salinity Conversion from chlorinity to salinity (°/00) Cl 5 Cl 5 9.80 AE 10.20 18 44 Prop o/ Seal 246 E82 o 76 Ee? 48 83 77 023 050 84 019 224 sou 85 ruse 25 Fb) 286 Aisi) e206 ABD) 87 085 oe oii 88 286 28 059 89 88 eed 260 9.90 17.90 10550 18.62 91 092 apuk 64 92 094 oe 266 093 095 0.09 7 ond 0.01 Osid’ “Ocie’ 90518 “OLS: 3016. 017 > 0.18) Oto 0520 (Ore 0.02 0.22 0.2 "0725 0226 10-27 0.20 0-29 0240 “O31 Gee2 0.03 0.34 0.35 0-36 0.37 0.38 0.39 O40 O41 0.43 0.44 0.04 O.45 O46 O.47 O48 O.49 0.50 0.52 0.53 0.54 j0n55 0.05 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0,66 0.06 OL67' 10268: 0669 0.72. 0.72 90.730 O27 (06751 0.76 Gem 0-07 0.78 0.79 0.61 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 Gsee 0.08 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96. 0.97 0.99 “TsO 0.09 IeOl. > “TeOlh 21.03) TsO 105. “1406 1.07 el.09. 1.10 — aie epule) 1.02 2.3 1.0) 2.15 “1.16. -1.28- 1619 1.20 1.21. ieee Ona 1.23> Seek 1.05 1.27 1.28 1229 1230" 1631 “bso Sieees One TeSh- 635 e309 1638 41539 1-40.) ke 1 Ons 1.46 7 1.48 %«U.49 1-50 1-51 1652) 1.53 1.555 “Ie56 O11 1.57 1.58 (1.59 1.60 1.61 ©1.62 1:63 1.65 “1.6607 1eGy Oels 1368 “1s69- 2n7O 1.7 1.72 Tope eyo 76 1.7 eee OnLG 1.79 1.80 1.81 1.82 1.84% 1.85 1.86 1,87 1.88. “seg O.17 1.90 1-91 1-93 159% 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.99, 2.00 0.18 ®.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10, “222 O21 O13 2.1) 28.15 6.16 2.517 2.18 2.19 2.21 2.225, (2.29 0.20 2.2h 2.925 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 . 234 0221 2.35 2.36 2.37 2:38 240 2.41 eho 2.43 2.4h Bue Gee 2.46 ey 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2253 2.54) 2.55 Boge O523 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.68 0.24 2.69. 2.70. 2.71 “O72 2273 “Bs 26foo Bale Bee ereae 0.25 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.85 2.87 2.88 2.89 2.90 0.26 2.91 2.92 2.93 2.94 2.96 2.97 2.98 2.99 3.00 3.01 0.27 3.02 3.03 3.05 3.06 3.07 3-08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Bele 0.28 2.13 3.15 3.16 Self 3-18. 3.19 3.20) Bel 5322 sees 0.29 3.25 3.26 3.27 3228 3229 3.30 3431 3-33 3-34 3535 0.30 3.36 3237-3638) 3-39 3-40) 3-4L 343A 35 3G 9h TABLE 31 (Cont'd) Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter 11.196 milliliters per liter of 05) (1 milligram-atom per liter of Oo Milligram- 2001 .002 .003 .00K .005 .006 .007 ~.008 = .009 -000 atoms/liter of 05 7) «009 OT 18 -008 Ou. OD7 Le If LO 2 ee) o ¢© © @© «O07 006 70 81 92 03 10 14 10 005 TABLE 31 (Cont'd) Oxygen 11.196 milliliters per liter of 0) atoms per liter to milliliters per liter O04 003 96 atom per liter of 0, Conversion from milligram- (1 milligram- OREO 2 6 i 99 10 002 9.6 9-7 9.8 9 O01 64 15 86 98 09 10 e) 2 9 2] 85 96 08 10 -000 atoms/liter 6 T 8 a ) Milligram- of Oo TABLE 31 (Cont'd) Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of Qo = 11.196 milliliters per liter of Oo) Milligram- atoms/liter of Oo 3000 2001 4.002 §.003- 00! ~ .005 ° «006°. s007 .008 = {009 0.91 HOuIG 10.20 400,21 10.22" 10923 10.24 10se6> 20.27) 10.23.) 10.20 0.92 10.30 “O31 10.382 10.33 10.35 10236 10.37 10.38 10.39 TOlt0 0.93 TOT TOse2 TONS 1oO.s DO.s6 VO.e7 10.48. 10.49 “10250 10.51. 0.94 YO.5e" TOs5e 0.55 10.56 10.57 10558 10.59 10.60 10.61 10.63 0.95 TOON. 10265006, LO.67 WOvo8 “10-69 “10.70 TOs, 0.73, 10st 0.96 10.75. 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.79 10.80 10.82 10.63 20:84 10.85 0.97 10.86 10.87 10.88 10.89 10.90 10.92 10.93 10.94 10.95 10.96 0.98 WOT “10.98 “10.99 11.01 “1102 1.08 “IOP 11405, 106. 11.07 0.99 TOG theo. Mi Tie i ie IS DIG ey ac 1.00 Mie oG titel alice ees Ilae (lL. S ol. oo lie 27 ll seo) als 30 OL Tisot CI Se aS Tes ass 11636 10S38. eso) ayo. Si Sek 1°02 Tet ee artery eS eG IS IEG 21.50 Ties. aa .52 IfZ0S 1) £532) 1515S T1257 1.58 11.59 11.60 11.61 1.62 365 apse)! io veliacereilo7 Oi.6G We6o 2IA70 itl 11.72 * 2s eye 1.05 i (oalieteeddieno Lle(o ICO 128i M.G2 1263 Wee5" 11236 1.00 MWecie pllvscer #Lisco® 1. S04 Li. Ol TI. OS 1085 10705. OG: “1. oF 107 M98) TWiSOG F220 12501.. 1a.02 12,0) 12:05. 12006 12.07 12.08 1.08 TOOGw to OL Mogi TOS, Tes Tels 1esle- Te.a 7 1e.1e. 12.09 1.09 Te. eO elo scineloees Joel 105 e626. 12.27 e328 “Te.2o 10 1.10 1239312330 1.3. 12.95. 12.36 12.37 12.38 12.39 12.41 Ieske yin 8 Toes eee eS eS Tey ee 1eehor 1.51. e521 s55 sO 12.54 12.55 12.56 12.57 12.58 12.60 12.61 12.62 12.63 12.64 aS 12lo5, IO.bomlosor eie.69 12.70: 127 ae .7e 1270 les) 225 ee W376 2.77 12.79 12500 72.8) 12.82 12.83 12.8) 12:85 d2.86 eS ie e6ee Tesco 22608 Iosor o.0m 15263 22,94 1005.12.60 12.95 1516 12890" 13.00) S20) S12602 13503 130k 13.05. 13.07 13.00 = 13809 neat US elOr see) aloo el oid Doel SSIS “TS. 1S6IG Ws.0o) 13520 1.18 Sol a pOo see a eee Tosco 15.27 13.26 13529 “13.30 13-31 alee) W092 13593) oes eso) 1868 13638 13.699: TS 40> 13.44 ee 20 Te 73545 1ss46 13-47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.54 He TABLE 31 (Cont'd) Oxygen Conversion from milligram-atoms per liter to milliliters per liter (1 milligram-atom per liter of 05 = 11.196 milliliters per liter of 05) Milligram- atoms/liter of 0, e000 =6©.00l_—Ss(«w002—St—“‘«WOCOBCséi‘«wW}OOHEC(wsC‘CWOHCSC—C(<ésCwCOGS—Ci“‘é—}OOTOOCwOOB—SC.00 98 TABLE 32 Phosphorus Conversion from micrograms per liter of inorganic P to microgram-atoms per liter of P (1 ug of P = 0.032285 ug-at of P) Micrograms per Liter. of inorganic P_ 0.0 eal On2 O53 0.4 OS 0.6 O27 0.8 0.9 00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 OR ON 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 Micrograms per Liter of in- organic P 0.0 0 270 500) 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 O70 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 TABLE 33 Phosphate Conversion from micrograms per liter of POy to microgram-atoms per liter of PO,-P (1 ug of PO, = 0.010529 ypg-at of PO,,-P) Micrograms per Liter of POy 0.0 Om O57 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 O01 0.01 0.01 Micrograms per Liter 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 100 TABLE 33 (Cont'd) Phosphate Conversion from micrograms per liter of PO, to microgram-atoms per liter of PO,-P Micrograms per Liter of POy 0.0 le 72510) 37.0 4.0 50 6.0 7.0 8.0 0) 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 1LO1 TABLE 34 Phosphorus Pentoxide Conversion from micrograms per liter of P50, to microgram-atoms per liter of P (1 ug of P2905 = 0.014090 ug-atom of P) a eee Micrograms per Liter of P50, OROs ey Os OR: O23 0.4 O35 0.6 0.7 0.8 029 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 £0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Micrograms per Liter of P50. 0.0 1.0 2210 3.0 4.0 Bae 6.0 720 8.0 90 00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 OFOS> 70.0 Oe 0.13 10 O14 O215 O217 OLL8 0520 5 Fe O221 0223" "O224 7 “On2559 0527, 20 0228 0230" 0.31 0.32 8O0S84 0535 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.41 30 0.42 O.44 £0.45 0.46 0.48 £0.49 0.51 0.52 0.54 =0n55 40 0.56 0.58 0.59 £40.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.68 0369 50 Os On/2 Warsi Os/Ss Wart , MORIA 0.79 O)./80 OF82 =Oe83 60 O285) 20286 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.94% 0.96 0.97 70 0.99 00) 1202 1.03 TeO4 912065 107 1508) 1210) Seat 80 Ves Sets salle Wo My eee ale 20 Ve 2a 23 1.24 825 90 27 e289 1230 e253) oz leo 135 LeS7, 1238) Taso 100 1.41 1.42 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.48 1.49 ILeeyl 1.52) eo 110 159 1.56 1258" as59 1.61 OZ 63 IL 5) 1.66 1.68 120 69 W/O! a7 2) 73 Wes) be 178 el79 1.80 L782 130 83 1.85 1.86 ibs tei7/ 1.89 He90%" “1592 1.93 1.94 “1296 140 Oy 1.99 220.0 Ol 2303 2.04 2.06 207, 2.09 ~~ 250 150 Zell Dells | eel i = 2 nme 27, 228) S2e20s ze 20 2.23 22h 160 D295 De PH A PAs Pgs) ach Pe cW Phe cyty AL 835) 7237) 2.38 170 2.40 2.41 2042) 2. ul © 2.u5 2247 2.48 2.49 7a Syl 2952 180 ALS) 7155) aS 2G Sh AGS 2.01 262 92.03) 2265 2.66 190 2.68 2.69 2. 202 2573026759 o2270 92-78 2.79 ) eZ 80 200 nye Petsieh Ua/satsisy I atshey Sy ee ntey/ 2.89 2.90 2.92 2.93 2.94 210 2.96 297 2,99 3,00. 3,02. 3.03 3,04 3,06 3.07 “3.09 220 BeOS BS sel Selon SL7 3.18) 32205) 3.21 3425 230 S228 63.25 2.27 3208) 3250)) ol 3.33 3.34 35351) ser 240 3.38 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.44 3.45 3.47 3.48 3.49 3.50 250 3.52) “3.504 3555 3756 “3.58 31.59 B26 3.62 3.647 93.165 Note: For values greater than 259, the conversion is to be obtained by addition. 102 TABLE 35 Nitrite Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO,-N (1 pg of NO, = 0.0217365 ng - at of NO,-N) Micrograms per Liter of NO. 0.0 1,0 2.0 3.0 4.0 B) 10, 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 Ae) 180 190 200 AlKo)s} TABLE 36 Nitrate Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO -N 3 5} Micrograms per liter of NO, 00 01 02 03 O04 05 06 07 08 09 00 10 20 90 Micrograms per liter of NO, 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 104 TABLE 36 (Cont'd) Nitrate Conversion from micrograms per liter of NO, to microgram-atoms per liter of NO-N Micrograms per liter of NO 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2100 S320 34.0 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.7 34.8 35:40 25572 35.3 2200 3520 35.6 3565 36.0 3661 36\.3 36.4 36.6 36.8 36.9 + 2300 Se 3723 37.4 37.6 SWhed Site o S8au 3832 38.4 380 2400 3827 38.9 391.0 3952 39.4 8915 39m 7 39.8 40.0 40.2 2500 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.8 41.0 41.1 41.3 41,4 41.6 41.8 2600 41.9 42.1 42.3 42.4 42,6 42.7 42.9 43.1 43.2 43.4 2700 43.5 43.7 43.9 44.0 44.2 4b 44.5 44.7 44.8 45.0 2800 45.2 45.3 45.5 45.6 45.8 46.0 46.1 46.3 46.4 46.6 2900 46.8 46.9 47.1 47.3 47.4 47.6 47.7 47.9 48.1 48,2 3000 48.4 48.5 48.7 48.9 49.0 49.2 49.4 49.5 49.7 49.8 NOTE: Conversion of values not given directly in the tables are derived by addition. OD TABLE 37 Nitrogen Conversion from micrograms per liter of N to microgram-atoms per liter of N. Micrograms per Liter of N 0.0 Micrograms per liter of N -O0-. 07 e VWIoOorFAO SON Oo) FS ° Be + 22-. 35 -0G=, 21 0.01 1.00 2.00 0407 “O.1) 0.79 0.86 1.50% Ls 57 Peel 2.20 205 ~ 3500 3,64. 3.7 4.3600 3 5.07 5.14 De (om k pan 6.50 6.57 (sel Visco (202) 6.00 Spies Wecwal 9.35 9.42 10.07 20.14 10.78 20.85 Tao. a or 12.21 12.28 12.92 12.99 13.6) 330 7e 13> 14k 15.06 15.24 15.78 15.85 16.49 “16.56 Tye dace 17.92 17.99 0.02 \O (es) HH BS ees) 0.03 a 106 (1 wg of N = 0.0713944 yg-at of N) 250663 “Gl. (7 0.04 0.05 5200. "6200 fe 0, 867 0.3 6, 1207 ee Melt ee Ome ls COME as OOP aay @ er SMe Berscle he oh 3.93 4.00 4. Woon 7 4 57307 Deseo Ds nO erally © We. 6.76.) 10.05. (ca {<.D (ee ‘oat ea shiy2 sans = B92 “9.00 9: 9.61. 9.71. 9. 10.35 10.42 10. as Pa 6) ae rs Wo Ti MTT -eweD wt 12-hO 712. bo. ee 2 Ol eos 13.92 13.99 14. Vio. Wet ale. Sep WS alse 16,06 16.1% 16; 16.70 16.05 16 LTO oo" Li. 10.21, 18.2816. s (6.9L 0.06 (ee) e (e} (@) FF NONUO [a @ Oe) || FNM -92-.99 ° TABLE 37 (Cont'd) Nit rogen Conversion from micrograms per liter of N to microgram-atoms per liter of N. Micrograms per liter of N 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 20 4.30 LO 450 460 470 480 490 500 (1 ug of N = 0.0713944 ug-at of N) 2.0 19.42 3.0 4.0 LOT Bre 18.92 19.63 TABLE 37 (Cont'd) Nitrogen Conversion from micrograms per liter of N to microgram-atoms per liter of N. Micrograms per liter of N 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 NOTE: 0.0 36.41 3-13 37.84 30. 9D 39. 27 39.98 40.69 Barr 42,12 ho, B84 43.55 Values obtained for the amount of nitrogen in nitrate by the 10 36.48 (1 ug of N = 0.0713944 pg-at of N) 2.0 36,55 Stoer 37.98 38.70 39.41 40.12 40. 84 W155 42,27 42.98 43.69 4.0 36.70 37-41 38.12 38. 84 39.99 40.27 40.98 41.69 he. 41 3.12 43.84 use of these tables are to be rounded to the nearest tenths decimal place before entering on the coding forms. 108 TABLE 38 Silicon Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si to microgram-atoms per liter of Si (1 ug of Si = 0.0356049 ug-atom Si) Micrograms per Liter of Si 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Micrograms per ike of 7! 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 EXAMPLE IL; Assume an initial value of 4200. Since this value lies within the range 1000 -~ 8900, use lower portion of above table. Enter left hand column at 4000, proceed horizontally to the right to column headed 200, and read 150: EXAMPLE II: Assume an initial value of 4180. Since this value is not recorded explicitly in the table, the conversion can be made by one of two methods: TABLE 38 (Cont'd) Silicon (1) Interpolation between 4100 and 4200 to nearest whole number, 149: or (2) Since 4180 = 4100 + 80, find 146 corresponding to 4100 and 003 corresponding to 80. Add 146 and 003 to get 149, 110 TABLE 39 Silicon Dioxide Conversion from micrograms per liter of Si05 to microgram-atoms per liter of Si0,-Si (1 ng of Si0, = 0.016643 yg-atom of Si) Micrograms per Liter of Sio, 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Micrograms per Liter of Si05 000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 alae TABLE 40 Silicate Conversion from milligrams per liter of SiO, to microgram-atoms per liter of Si0,-Si (1 milligram of Si, = 13.1433 microgram-atoms of Si0,-Si) Milligrams per Liter of Sid, 0.0 O}aal Om2Z O.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Oe7 0.8 0.9 00 Ol 02 03 O04 05 ae TABLE 41 SUBSTITUTED CHEMISTRY Field Containing Substitution Code PO4 -P aL Total-P 2 NO,-N 3 NO, -N h Sid, -Si 5) pH 6 ales: G x STL APPENDIX II PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA FORM FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC STATIONS NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER WASHINGTON, D. C. 20390 SURFACE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION (MASTER CARD) COUNTRY INSTITUTE VESSEL CRUISE OR PROJECT NO. LATITUDE LONGITUDE MARSDEN DATE TIME _GMT ORIGINATORS | ORIGINATORS DEPTH TO MAX. COUNTRY SHIP Su E=x14 STATION NO. BOTTOM (M) SAMPLE confi Tafa [a] s] NO. WATER AIR TEMPERATURE °C OBS SPECIAL OBS. LEVELS COLOR co.] 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 SUBSURFACE OBSERVATIONS— (DETAIL CARDS) MESSENGER PO, —P TOTAL—P NO; —N NO ,—N SiO ,—Si pH c DEPTH (M) . TEMP. °C SAL. %o 0 a yr. [Yo] ' l CHEMISTRY i 2 25 26 27128 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ]38 39 40 41 42 |] 51 52 53 [54 55 56 |57 5B 59} 60 61 62 [sa 64 65 | 66 67 68 [69 70 71 17 SPECIFY OPTIONAL ITEMS OR SPECIAL CODES COL. awe LATITUDE | LONGITUDE DATE | TIME iE waTer | wave | wind | sti q z a ss ese sen] SEPT | 1 1 z K Fe io] SUARE | YR] MO.| DAY) HR. 0 wg [POT TOM et COLOR] TRANS) DIF] / ° = ‘a SUC CU CCE CC Oc Oc Oc 000 eGo Ge aco 9/10 11 12}43 14]15]16 17 18}18 20)21 22)23 24)25 26)27}28 29 30)31 32 33]34 35 36 37)38 39 7274 75)76 77 78 73)80 VET AT ATT AT APE APL APT ANT DAD DED ay a ay ay ant Vtairtayt =TS = 5 Glcounrry SSS] —+ 5 = ie =o S| MASTER NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER 22/2/22 2/2 2/2 2)2 212 212|2 2 2)2 2 2)2 2 2 2)2 2/2 2)2 2/2 22 2 222/222 2/2 cr) nN cr ~~ cs) nm cr) nm SS rc) ~~ n 333/333 3/3 oe a a w oS a o ww eS eS wo wo 3 3)3/3 3 3)3 3)3 3)3 313 3)3/3 3 3 Der FH Ron] Ro "ait 444/444 4/4 = > = = = > = > = = = = 44/414 44/4 414 414 4 OBSERVED 55 5)5555)5 a an a wn a on an on a on on on 5 5/5/55 5)5 5)5 5/5 5/55 5555 OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA 6 6 6/6 6 6 6/6 o> a = = = = o> = > a = > 6 6/6/6 6 6)6 6/6 6/6 6 6666 [7777 7]7 777777777777 77777 77)7 1)7: 147 1)7)7 7 17 1)7}7 7 17 717 1177 [7771777779177 7 1077777779477 7;777200 a = BIL DErTH Sa bas 3 GENERAL REMARKS 8 8/8 8/8 8/8 8/8)8 8 8/8 8/8/8 8 8/8 8/8 8/8 8 8 8 8/8 8 8 8/8 |e 9 9/9 9/5 9/9 9/9 99/9 9/9 9/9 9/99 999999999 9 | 1213 415 617 6] 9]10 11 12113 ralishie 17 welts zola1 z2lza 2¢]25 2612 Jé4 65 68 67 6 69 70 71 12173 74 75176 77 78 79160 e54se6 I NODC- 3167/18 (REV. 6-63) OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION CARD PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA “IF MORE THAN 3 DIGITS, USE SPECIAL OBS. FIELD NODC-EXP+23167/25 (4-64) : | \) a i - - ee 7 | a fis 7 = a i ' 4. > ' aa - aos : ms { _— : —45 4 ns i ae | Se - a a 4 | : £ i - _ mama a aT. ns Ae =>) on _ = D a H j —_= —Sa oy | 7 - - ¢ hw r Libaumdeall oe eas - ge a = | ant | ok PP haaly ed 1. 4S = 4 7 ; _ a > het Se ee ee et Te ee a 1 hus f Perm ee rr “126 ou iene i fie Oat A TERW EG Ol oe ican ie a a ce eee “a PT WIN ts OTT To L ‘Tr =% - — =a Pa) ; Pes De ils ay CO) rieeh ro LN j } ~ al A had ll : ' | eed se Cawe Tae oa iT eae: a | A erell COP tS Ke% a edie 4 nr mir yi Jen F } : oF tebe . er See BE =< re hi iy Bf j 72 7 yi - a cE + / 2) : A , as te ae pt — FT age ?- a - 2 Aan: =k 9 94k @* te tes, 7 = 7 - y - hb Gaceome aia Se a int. aeti ate a rh he el . ? wae fo ia em Pen Ta ks ae ee a be — ian 13 - ae 1) i i Seg ; ; ee SY one ~ wh 2 : 4 i 7 pes , ** : 1 _ 4 it reereparap sseede- Balu pas ; te ; A ‘TT - ag a ae g APPENDIX III NODC PUBLICATION LISTING FORMAT WAVE NoDc ORIGINATOR'S DErTH NS CLOUD — a LONGITUDE STATIO OBSERVATIONS STATION Sale 2 [sini] Riser | wottow | on ——— Nees [ro7 foosze [ooo [ao] | BAROMETER ol Pm fr | |_| joseipersi| cea) Tae | SOUND PO, —P |TOTAL—P| NO, —N|NO,—N S10 ,-Si SPECIFIC VOLUME] py. M. yg-at/I| pg-at/l |ug-at/!| yg-at/1| yg-at/I GER ras MESSENGER 5, ANOMALY —X107] 193 TIME 0000 0051584 032 OBS 0000 2790 35338 2270 15418 459 007 032 OBS 0009 2764 35366 2281 15414 463 007 STD 0010 2757 3540 2286 0050150 -0051 15413 464 032 OBS 0019 2693 35688 2328 15403 471 013 STD 0020 2652 3572 2343 0044682 0098 15395 481 032 OBS 0028 2341 35871 2449 15324 509 014 STD 0030 2262 3586 2471 0032503 0137 15305 495 032 OBS 0038 2001 35793 2538 15237 411 048 032 OBS 0047 LENE, S507. 2519 15186 267 116 STD 0050 1796 3569 2583 0021964 0191 15180 262 STD 0075 1642 3560 2613 COLDS 02s s eo Lec 228 032 OBS 0096 1537, 35525 2631 15108 212 157 STD 0100 LZ lees ao 2634 OO17272 0288 15103 213 STD 0125 1435 3544 2647 o016059 0330 5079 217 STD 0150 1367 3537 2656 0015264 0369 15060 222 032 OBS 0153 1360D 35364 2657 USVSB 222) 163 032 OBS T0192 1295 35284 2664 15042 254 164 STD 0200 1284 3527 2665 0014503 0444 15039 254 STD 0250 ial ei722k 2673 0013872 0514 15025 248 032 OBS 0288 Lis) S5183" (26779 15017 236 174 STD 0300 1170 3518 2681 0013239 0582 15016 227 032 OBS T0384 1098 35189 2695 15004 179 197 STD 0400 1079 3518 2697 0011863 0708 15000 179 032 OBS 0480 0986 3529P 2722P 193Q STD 0500 0961 3509 2711 0010705 0821 14973 178 032 OBS 0578 0873F 35016 2719 14952 178 226 STD 0600 0845 3498 ened 0009816 0923 14944 182 STD 0700 0732 3484 CAUCE 0009281 1019 14916 206 032 OBS 0774 0667 34780 2731 14902 231 236 STD 0800 0652 3478 2733 0008692 1109 14900 246 STD 0900 0600 3479 2741 0008051 1192 14896 295 032 OBS T0969 0568 34793 2745 14895 323 228 STD 1000 0558 3482 2748 0007362 1269 14896 331 STD 1100 0528 3488 2757 0006631 1339 14902 357 032 OBS 1166 34899 376 196 STD 1200 0499 3490 2761 0006241 1404 14907 390 STD 1300 0473 3488 2763 0006092 1465 14912 426 STD 1400 0448 3487 2765 0005945 1526 14919 458 032 OBS 1462 0434 34862 2766 14923 475 172 STD 1500 0427 3487 2768 0005763 1584 14927 481 STD 1750 0383 3492 2776 0005028 1719 14951 516 032 OBS LS 5i7, 0347 34943 2782 14971 546 149 064 OBS 1961 0343 551 149 STD 2000 0340 3494 2782 0004495 1838 14976 552 064 OBS 2462Q 0305 34921 2784 569 146 STD 2500 0305 3492 2784 0004496 2063 15046 560 064 OBS T2960 0273 34901 2785 Siti 567 149 STD 3000 0266 3490 2786 0004364 2284 15115 STD 4000 -0012 3483 2800 0001029 2554 15168 064 OBS 4001 -0012 3483 2800 15168 117 t G sTiefo0 Ae deel alle ats itil te es eGEarog STREETS 6. 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