BLM LIBRARY 88047752 -MinnrftlT Pritn nnfnrni PimIi r PROJECT TWENTY-TWELVE A Long Range Program for Our Public Lands PART II - STATE DISTRIBUTION QH 76. 5 . U5 v. 2 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Edward Woozley, Director January, 1961 - PROPERTY OF - Bureau of Land Maftasejnsflt TT§ Xt DaH5 |*B***feYcenter Minarait, i**td iwiiwu^ 'w^t«r ttL&enxla Data Reference Center n s^ FOREWORD On August 27, 1960, Secretary Seaton submitted to the President of the Senate the Bureau of Land Management's report entitled PROJECT TWENTY -TWELVE, a program encompassing the Bureau's long range plan for management and development of all the resources under its jurisdiction. This second part of the Bureau of Land Management's 52-year program covering fiscal years 1961 to 2012 presents an analysis of estimated receipts, costs, personnel needs, and program goals. This Part provides the detailed program breakdown previously published in Part I of PROJECT TWENTY- TWELVE and is, therefore, an integral part of the BLM long range plan. The report is presented in two chapters. Chapter 1 is the total Bureau program of receipts, costs, personnel needs, and program accomplishments. Chapter 2 presents an analysis and breakdown of this data on a State-by-State basis / Edward Woozley Director January, 1961 V,z_ Min^i^ROPERTY OF ^ Bureau of Land Management Division of T-arane /-. CONTENTS Chapter 1 The Bureau Program . Chapter 2 The State Programs . nfCtt X 99«oo9*»909«e««o««099*9 California .............. Oregon Washington .............. tiiCw Z. a*«ooo»9»e«9«*9e**9»«e« Arizona X Qd HO 99999*9099999999999 Nevada U Lull 09909999990900099990 9 « o 9 ■ 9 o • 9 e o • • O • o o o 9 . 1 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 14 . 19 . 21 . 22 , 25 . 29 . 33 O999o*09 ***t vS<* *2 o***0909oo«ooo9oo Colorado New Mexico and Oklahoma ........... Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota . Wyoming , Nebraska and Kansas ........... fiL CO ~f O9Ooeooooooo9ooooo94O9o»o9Oo0O9OO9o9O« nl«5K3 • ooo90ao»9«o9oo09«99oooo«oo»o*eo* . 37 . 38 . 42 . 45 . 48 . 52 . 53 Eastern States 0 o o a a o 9909099999000999«099999 59 CHAPTER 1 THE BUREAU PROGRAM The Bureauwide summaries in this chapter and the individual State summaries presented in the following chapter are an integral part of the Long Range Program of Our Public Lands, PROJECT TWENTY-TWELVE. While the composite tables of this chapter reveal statistical data regarding planned program accomplishments, as well as cost and income data based on the value of the 1959 dollar, the Bureau's resource management and development program is not splely a quantitative one. Quality of accomplishment cannot be subordinated to quantity, lest the gain in number be made meaningless by shoddiness of achievement. Balanced, coordinated, and comprehensive development and use of Our Public Lands and resources in the manner most beneficial to all our citizens is the primary objective of the BLM's long range plan. The entire program, as reflected by the composition of the tables which follow, has been prepared for three levels of action: 1961-1965 is the Short-Term period, 1966-1980 the Mid-Term period, while 1981-2012 represents the long term and final accomplishment phase of the entire plan. The planning attendant to the preparation of PROJECT TWENTY-TWELVE has been done at all management levels. It has been formulated by the Bureau professional resource management personnel who are most familiar with the public and private needs for public lands, water, timber, recreation, forage, wildlife, minerals, and other uses from Our Public Lands. In the Short-Term program they have assessed the available resources and demands for them and have designed a practical, workable blueprint for securing maximum benefits to the Nation in the immediate future. Projections for the Mid-Term and Long-Term planning periods are based on the best judgment made from existing data regarding the needs for and availability of resources to the year 2012 when the Bureau of Land Management enters its third century of resource management. Table No. 1, Receipts from BLM Operations, Millions of Dollars This table is the estimate of monetary receipts which will accrue from the several resource management activities of the BLM on the public domain and other Federal lands. An upward receipt trend is anticipated in all categories except mineral leasing on the Outer Continental Shelf through the year 1980. This is illustrated by the upper line projection in Figure No. 1. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act was passed on August 7, 1953. Initial development of the more obviously productive mineral resource areas underlying the seas has returned higher-than-average income during the early years of this program. The continuing income from this source is expected to level off at about 50 million dollars in Fiscal Year 1965 and remain at approximately that rate through the year 2012. With the exception of income increases from mineral leasing and grazing activities on the public domain, it is expected that other major resource management activities will attain a reasonably stable income level between Fiscal Year 1980 and Fiscal Year 2012. The upper line projection in Figure No. 2, illustrating timber management receipts, serves as a typical example. By comparison of Table No. 1 with Table No, 2 it will be noted that the Long-Term Income-expense ratio for total Bureau activities through the year 2012 approximates five to one. Table No. 2, Costs of BLM Operations, Thousands of Dollars Table No. 2 indicates by major functions the cost in thousands of dollars for all expenses of operating the Bureau of Land Management through the year 2012. The long range costs are illustrated by the lower line projection in Figure No. 1. Range management activities, in an effort to bring the public range lands to their optimum continuous production potential, will be notably emphasized throughout the entire planning period. Reaching a high of 37.1 million dollars in 1980, range management costs will level off at about 22.6 million dollars in the year 2012. The Lands and Minerals and the Forestry functions are scheduled for sustained management and development efforts through the year 2012. As an example, the forestry function cost projection is illustrated by the lower line in Figure No. 2. It will be noted that as BLM intensifies its forest management program timber sale costs will remain relatively stable, while receipts from timber sales continue to reflect a moderate increase. The combined costs for these programs is about one-half of total range management costs. (/) 2 LU LU CC ^ Z) LU h- C5 0 -z. LU < < CVJ CL O X LU 0 CM 1 (f) \- Q_ LU CJ LU CO CD U. O < LU QT DQ >- DQ \ £E < o < O CO w c — o o 01 o" a. E o t_ o> o CD a> u w 3 O Q£ CO LU CO £ I o o © CM O u < z < 2 o 00 < LU >- < u CO \ CO o \ \. \ I \- T savnoa do SNomiw Our public lands will play an increasingly important role in helping to meet the outdoor recreational needs of the Nation. Significant population gains accompanied "by the increasing availability of leisure time can be expected to emphasize the outdoor recreational impact through the year 2012. The proposed expenditure in 1962 for recreation development "by the BIM is scheduled for an eightfold increase by the year 1965. In the 47-year period after 19^5 through 2012 the planned intensification of the outdoor recreation program will continue, resulting in constant increase in scheduled costs. The important cadastral survey program, in support of the BIM's resource management and development and public service functions, ■will receive continuing emphasis throughout 1980 leveling off gradually thereafter to an annual expenditure of about 3*2 million dollars in 2012. This is graphically illustrated by Figure No. 3- There will be considerable capital investment throughout the long range period. Construction of roads to provide access and service for resource management and development purposes is scheduled at a fairly constant rate of expenditure. Other investments will be made for reforestation and land rehabilitation, soil and moisture projects, recreational developments, and fire protection facilities. Table No. 3, Personnel Requirements, Thousands of Man-Months Table No. 3 indicates by major resource functions the estimated manpower requirements by selected years necessary to successfully complete the planned long range program for the Bureau of Land Management . To carry out its program the BLM will require an increasing number of professional, subprofessional, and supporting personnel. Continued emphasis will be placed on the selection and training of employees, particularly those who are selected for field managerial positions with major responsibility for achieving planned program objectives. Personnel requirements for the planned expansion of the range management function, for example, will accelerate from 7*300 man-months in I96I to 19,500 man-months in I98O and then drop back to 13,900 man-months in 2012 when the public lands range program is on an operating basis. The important lands and minerals and forestry functions are scheduled for gradual and constant manpower increases throughout the entire long range planning period. Manpower needs for cadastral surveying will peak sometime in the 1980' s, gradually declining thereafter as the need for original surveys is met and the resurvey and special survey programs go on an operating basis. See Figure No. 4. The increase in personnel requirements reflected by Table No. 3 is not related to productive effort alone. Equally important has been the calculated consideration of improving the quality of management and operational techniques in all major functional categories. For the total program the estimated 32,100 man-months in 1961 will increase 65% to 52,800 man-months in 1965. In 1980, about the peak year for estimated personnel requirements, a maximum of 64,600 man-months will be utilized, a figure representing a more than 100% personnel increase over base year 1961. Estimated costs will increase approximately 70% and 130% through 1965 and 1980, respectively, thus emphasizing the capital investment in the management of public lands. All figures in Table No. 3 represent the total Bureau personnel requirements at State, Area, and Washington Office levels necessary to accomplish the planned work programs. While all programs will not be completed by 1980, it is assumed that many of the programs included will have been completed or be on a maintenance level, thus allowing a decrease in staff personnel as the 1980-2012 period advances. Table No. 4, Programmed Accomplishments from BLM Operations While Table No. 4 must be related to the three preceding tables in order to realistically equate estimated receipts, costs, and personnel requirements to Bureau program requirements, by itself the table reflects the final calculus of the BLM planning involved in PROJECT TWENTY-TWELVE in focusing on long range program objectives based on thorough study and analysis. This table is an analysis of the program prepared by the BLM for the utilization and development of the public lands. The table is designed to show each major function of the Bureau and the more significant measurable elements of activity within those functions. Much work, such as various services rendered, cannot be meaningfully expressed statistically and is not included. Each work element shown is projected over the half-century from 1961 to 2012 to show the programmed accomplishments. oc UJ — s UJ • • a: O 3 z O cc UJ UJ - < o CO CO o CD id suv~noa do SNomiiAi Z UJ LU 3 Q Z < o < UJ CO Figure No. 5 provides a graphic example of the volume of timber which the BLM has planned for harvest through 2012 . The cadastral surveying program of the Bureau will make rapid strides in the years ahead as new techniques are developed and applied. New developments include the use of electronic measuring devices, the application of aerial photogrammetric techniques, and the economical use of helicopters. Figure No. 6 illustrates the proposed cadastral engineering program through 2012. As illustrated by Figure No. 7, the range seeding program will reflect considerable accomplishment by 1980. After that time maintenance through control of invading brush species will receive an even greater emphasis. Costs will be reduced and greater stability in management will be attained without interruption to other uses of the land. Concurrent with the development of range lands to their productive potential, the range livestock industry will be stabilized through adjudication of grazing privileges, and establishment of fenced individual grazing allotments. The development of water facilities is also an important tool in the management and distribution of domestic livestock, big game, and upland game birds. As indicated by Figure No. 8, construction of range improvement will near completion about the same time as the range rehabilitation program. Thereafter this phase of the program will be largely one of maintenance, financed by the benefiting range users. Figure No. 9 is illustrative of the great emphasis which will be given to the processing of public demand workload and minerals adjudication cases . Public domain acreage under oil and gas leases will have about quadrupled between 1955 and target year 2012. This is illustrated by Figure No. 10. Minerals classification and investigation work will likewise be greatly intensified during the long term period, the number of acres classified increasing from 3,727,000 in 1961 to 9,840,000 in 2012. As this activity is expanded, a concomitant increase in minerals receipts from public domain and acquired lands is expected. This is shown by the projection in Figure No. 11. Basically, Table No. 4 reflects the programming of two major types of elements — recurrent work needs and capital improvements. The first, which includes Grazing Lease Administration, Roads Maintained, and Adjudication Case Closures, represents the recurring work which must be accomplished annually in order to maintain the existing management level of our public land resources. The program for these functional elements has been prepared to enable the BLM to promptly meet its obligations to the public for managing these resources as well as to maintain previously constructed capital improvements. The second, which includes Road Construction, Range Fencing, and Cadastral Surveys, represents those needed capital improvements which must be installed if the BLM is to fulfill its obligation to materially increase the productivity of Our Public Lands. Many of the installed capital improvements will decrease the annual per acre costs of recurring elements. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT VOLUME OF TIMBER HARVEST 1955-2012 ■public domain administered by b l m o&c c b w r lands administered by b l.m 1400— U- 1200- Q < o CO u_ O 1000- z o 800- 600- 400" 200- yyj ui '955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1980 2012 FISCAL YEAR FIG. 5 ■J 6 2 U 6 Z UJ LU < o < LU or CD a ^^ (0 Ld CO V H >- III UJ LU > _l > rr o_ LL -> ■■> 3 co o o CO _l LU < n Ld CO CJ LU 0- < o CO CO 1- >- CO LU ■z. > LU rr CD < CO >- Q ID _J =3 CO LU > o 2 _l < CD or LU _l III o co < > o 2 rr _i 0. CD -> aor--c0in*froc\j S3HDV dO SNOmiW -z. UJ X ° ^ o UJ a: q (/) o CL o a: Q_ C/) < UJ cr o £ UJ uj < UJ UJ Ul o o z Ul u. 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T3 O 5 o ■o c (0 1 •a s 1 u s £ ro X i E > ° i 11 K r I E G 1 s IS) c c £ a a o u >l e B 8 1 u it £ B J | i a in T3 ■ a a H C a < 0) 8 u < e 0 y E ■8 i CC ■ 1 o o: *o 0) a i UJ "5 O c c 0 | fl < at B to c | c G E 01 3- kl > o: 3 i/i u 8 z u. z* IS & !? z ° o § n b. •a & C is '3 n 0) 8-» 1 s o 0 ■3 S C 8 U 3 <0 - rz u a o 1 3 •a > e | — ■5 a I 0 a (A -a c 2 C tt < 3 u i 13 •* ? rjfl c o U •o ro o c - X ■ fl 0 o 1 1> B 'a < o I| UJ 3 e N 2 c c 0> bO c to c O u 1/) i i X < — n; a H | < C E 3 I o: a i . V) o c to 1 c z u < u < d: > Crt 0i P £ £ Lt z z < a u. QC a » o o r z u s < o < < o _l 1 IL K u u CHAPTER 2 THE STATE PROGRAMS The major resource management responsibilities of the Bureau of Land Management encompass the twelve Western States including the State of Alaska, and the group of Eastern States in which isolated tracts of public domain land still remain. Although the BLM resource management emphasis focuses on the individual Western States, the results of the long range program are of signal importance to the entire Nation since the public domain lands and the resources they contain are a common heritage of all our people. This chapter presents individual State summaries in support of the BLM Long Range Program for Our Public Lands. The States are grouped according to BLM administrative area. Included are a brief narrative and four tabulations for each of the States wherein major Bureau program activities are conducted. Table No. 1 presents estimates of receipts from BLM operations. Table No. 2 presents estimates of costs of BLM operations. Table No. 3 shows personnel requirements in man-months to accomplish the proposed programs. Table No. 4 lists programmed accomplishments in certain selected representative work elements which are readily measurable but which by no means constitute the entire program with its diversity of work elements. The State tabulations which follow were used in compiling the Bureau totals presented in Chapter 1. Programs presented for each State in this chapter, like those reflecting Bureauwide totals in Chapter 1, are designed to show what should be done and the rate at which each programmed function is to be undertaken. Also indicated are the receipts and benefits which might reasonably be expected from these programs, together with estimates of costs and effort required to accomplish the proposed programs. In Table No . 1 - Receipts; Table No. 2 - Costs 5 and Table No. 3 - Manpower Requirements, which accompany each State narrative, all Bureau operations have been grouped by major functional activities: Lands and Minerals, Forestry, Range, Cadastral Engineering, Construction and Maintenance, and Range Improvement. Table No. 4 - Programmed Accomplishments, lists some of the more readily measurable work elements in each of the major activities, but makes no attempt to indicate the total number of work elements nor the total accomplishments and benefits to be expected. Most of the Bureau's major activities are in part related to public recreation, and highlights of the program to manage recreational resources are shewn separately in the individual State narratives. AREA 1 Area 1 encompasses the States of California, Oregon, and Washington, The Area Office is located in Portland. Operating activities are conducted by State and District offices. CALIFORNIA Public lands under Bureau of Land Management administration in California total approximately 17 million acres. About 1^4- million acres are located in southern California, 1*5 million acres in the northeast corner, with the remainder scattered throughout the rest of the State. During this program period lands best suited for intensive public and private uses will be transferred to appropriate forms of ownership. Lands best suited for public use under federal management will be retained under Bureau administration. The resource management program will emphasize forestry, grazing, recreation, and mineral uses. Present forecasts indicate a population increase in California from the present 14.8 million to 52 million by 2012. Demands on all lands for recreation and natural resources are expected to exceed those available by 1980. The objective of the BLM long range program for California is development of the public lands to their highest proper use to enable these lands to contribute their maximum benefit to the local economy. The 1961-2012 program includes utilization of approximately 38,000 man- months of work. The total cost in California for both personnel and other project costs is estimated to be |6l7 million. These investments will develop revenues estimated to total $&0500 mineral cases involving title transfers, and permits and leases for oil and gas and other leaseable minerals, 71*^00 mineral investigations will be required. Work in the field offices is expected to show a comparable increase in both volume and productivity. A new activity to be added is oil and gas leasing of lands on the Outer Continental Shelf. Of an estimated 3*500,000 acres of such lands, it is anticipated that 1,200,000 acres will be leased by I98O and the remainder of the structurally favorable areas by the year 2012. 10 Many locatable minerals are in the State. Many of these deposits are not of sufficient value to merit development at the present time. However, it is anticipated in the long range program that at some future time these resources will receive greater attention. Receipts from the mineral, resources on public domain, acquired, and Outer Continental Shelf lands by 2012 are estimated at 537*000,000. It is confidently felt that the program as now envisioned and planned will assure the maximum utilization of the resources without denying future generations their heritage in a safe and secure America. California "s overall mineral production for 1958 was valued at $1,502,660, 000 j of this figure $999*007,000 was attributable to petroleum products. The management objective of the range program is the conservation and development of the forage resources on the public lands to achieve maximum multiple use consistent with sustained yield principles. To achieve established goals , an expanded program of range management, fire control, soil and moisture conservation and range improvement, weed control, roads for resource management and public uses^, and recreational development is planned o judication and apportionment of grazing privileges will be completed by 1968. Grazing allotments will be established by seasonal use areas and range management plans applied to all public lands by 1980. Conservation and improvement programs and increased fire protection will be applied to approximately 10,000,000 acres at an average cost of about $6.00 per acre. The proposed program will result in higher yields of forage for livestock and big game, increased soil protection, better use of the public land for recreation, more stability in livestock operations, improved watershed conditions, and betterment of the local economy. Usable forage on the public lands is expected to increase from 824,000 animal unit months in i960 to 1.2 million animal unit months by 1980, and to 1.6 million animal unit months by 2012. These increases plus the adoption of commercial rates for grazing fees by 1980 will increase grazing receipts from approximately 251,000 in I96I to $1.6 million by 2012. Forestry Demands for forest products are expected to increase rapidly in California. The remaining commercial forest lands on public domain will be consolidated by exchanges and more intensively managed to contribute their maximum production to the expanding economy of the State. Commercial forest lands in California in i960 total approximately 275*000 acres. This 11 acreage will decrease to approximately 200,000 acres by 2012 as a result of sales of small parcels, and transfer to other agencies. At present there are approximately 1.5 million acres of woodlands on public lands. Some of these lands can be replanted to commercial forest species and the woodland species can be utilized in the manufacture of fiber materials made possible through technological advancement. Intensive forest management can increase the present annual sales of 31 million board feet to approximately 85 million board feet by the year 2012. Annual receipts from timber sales are expected to increase from 858,000 in 1961 to $3,800,000 by 2012. Maximum forest production will require considerable investment in site improvement and tree plantings, stand improvement, and fire control. Recreation The public lands in California will absorb a large part of the expected recreational demand from a rapidly increasing population. In 1961, it is estimated that people will make 2 million visits to undeveloped public lands. By the year 2012, this use will have increased to 30 million visits per year. Intensified recreational use requires the development of camping and sanitary facilities to insure the public health and reduce man- caused forest and range fires. An estimated 9,000 acres will be intensively developed for recreational use by the Bureau of Land Management. Development costs will be shared between the Bureau and local cooperating agencies. Recreational use of the public lands will also be facilitated by the construction of access roads for resource management and public use, posting of BLM lands and maintenance of a current inventory of potential recreational sites. By I98O, a system of nominal charge for the use of recreational facilities will have been devised. At the nominal charge of ten cents per person per day, the income from recreational use of the public lands would reach $3 million per year by 2012. Construction and Maintenance Construction goals for public domain timber access roads is to provide access for management, protection and use of all of the forest resources thereon. The program will require the acquisition of 1,150 easements for 735 miles of existing roads and 3,000 miles of proposed roads. The estimated cost of the 3,000 miles of proposed roads is $29,700 per mile. Some construction will be required of timber purchasers as a condition of sales contracts. Maintenance requirements are expected to increase from $2,000 per year in 1964 to $36,000 per year by 2012. 12 In addition to timber access roads, an estimated 2,000 miles service roads for management, protection, and multiple use purposes, will be built. A total of 200 miles of existing roads will be purchased and 400 easements secured for new roads. The average cost of service road construction is estimated at $3>000 to $5,000 per mile. These roads will make possible effective multiple use management of the public lands, their protection from fire and depredation; and their development for proper use and the harvest of wildlife. The present 560 miles of timber access and service roads constructed by the Bureau of Land Management will increase to about 6,000 miles by 2012. Road use fees for timber access roads are expected to increase from about $2000 annually in 1964 to about $80,000 in 2012. Cadastral Surveys The identification of property boundaries is basic to developing and managing the resources on the public lands. Estimated accomplishments for cadastral surveys during the long range program period includes 4.1 million acres of original surveys on existing unsurveyed lands, 25«7 million acres of resurveys to reestablish ownership lines and corner monumentation, and 5 million acres of special surveys required to identify public lands for small tracts and other special purposes . In addition, protraction diagrams will be completed for 12 million acres of unsurveyed lands in National Parks, National Forests, and other reserved lands by 1965° The project to delineate more than 3° 5 million acres of the sea bed off the coast of California into suitable leasing tracts for oil and gas development will be completed by 1970. 13 o ft o z o < uu OL o fr- iz iu 2£ LU O < CM Q Z~ og 5° < (E UJ x o LL. «/» »- a. 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During the next decade, the rate of increase is forecast to be about 35 per cent compared to a national average of 19 per cent. By 2012, it is predicted that Oregon's population will reach 4.9 million, an increase of 173 per cent above the present level. This population increase will further expand the importance of outdoor recreation in Oregon. As an industry, recreation now ranks third, with forestry a strong first and agriculture second. Adhering to the principle of multiple use through sustained yield resource management, the Bureau will obtain full utilization of the public lands in Oregon. During the next half century, BLM's long range program in Oregon will require the expenditure of about 50,000 man-years of effort by BLM personnel. This, plus project expenditures 9 is expected to cost a total of $1.3 billion. This cost and effort will result in revenues estimated to total $2.3 billion. The Bureau is responsible for the administration of 15.5 million acres of public land in Oregon, plus 3.2 million acres of the Outer Continental Shelf between the 3=mile limit and the 100=fathom curve. The Bureau also administers the mining and mineral leasing laws on an additional 14.9 million acres of National Forests and subsurface minerals in 5.0 million acres of patented land and 0.2 million acres of acquired land- Representing one-fourth of the State land area, BLM tracts vary in size from a few to millions of acres and characteristically are intermingled with other ownerships. Plentiful rainfall on the 2.4 million acres of BLM lands between the Pacific Ocean and the summit of the Cascade Mountains favors the growth of heavy stands of timber, while the semi -arid lands east of the Cascades are generally better suited for the production of forage. Individual areas in both climatic regions are better suited for other uses such as recreation or mineral exploitation and will be managed for these other uses. Lands Increasing population pressures and demands will have a substantial effect on lands operations during the next half century. During the 1961=1965 program period major efforts will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process, and completing action on pending applications. This will be done to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which cannot be approved, As soon as a pipeline operation is achieved, which should be within a year. 14 efforts will be devoted to implementing a program of Bureau sponsored investigations and classifications. These investigations will be primarily directed toward stabilizing the ownership of areas having public recreational values. High priority will also be given to completing land adjustment exchanges designed to block up and facilitate resource management on areas having multiple use values requiring Federal administration. Isolated tracts having no public use values will be sold at public auction. By 1980 approximately 2.7 million acres will have been included in this investigation, From 1980 through 2012 previous land use decisions will be reviewed and ad jus ted s as necessary. During the entire period, lands activity based on individually filed applications will be conducted on a current basis. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum waste of public lands in less than full multiple use management. Minerals During the half -century ahead, there will be an increase in oil and gas leasing activities in Oregon, as well as substantial programs related to other minerals. The Oregon Land Office expects to handle an estimated 5,200 title transfer cases, 87,900 permits and leases and 124,200 investigations, or a total of 217,300 cases. Supporting field activities will process about 700 title transfer cases, chiefly mineral patent applications, and 6,600 examinations and investigations. In addition, field operations will include determination of whether the Government has surface rights to 2.3 million acres of land on which there is valuable timber or forage growth and on which there may be valid unpatented mining claims. Range Management Rehabilitation and management of the forage resources on public lands to provide for their maximum beneficial development and use are the major objectives of the range management program in Oregon. By 1968 basic adjudication of grazing privileges in grazing districts will have been completed. By 1980, grazing allotments will have been established and management plans placed in effect to perpetuate high level forage production and stabilization of the dependent livestock industry and big game herds. Scattered lands outside grazing districts will be sold or blocked into more manageable units. Management will be intensified to provide the same degree of administration to these lands as those lands inside grazing districts. 15 Increased forage production and the assessment of grazing fees based on commercial rates by 1980 will result in substantially larger grazing receipts. Intensified range management and an accelerated range conservation and improvement program can increase forage production from an estimated 1.2 million animal unit months in 1960 to 2.5 million animal unit months by 1980 and to 3.7 million animal unit months by 2012. Estimated grazing receipts will be increased from $283,000 in 1961 to $3.7 million by 2012. Land treatment under the range improvement and soil and moisture programs will be accelerated until 1980. The goal of these programs is to accomplish in the shortest time practicable maximum production of forage cover, and control run-off and soil erosion. After 1980, the program will be reduced to a maintenance level. Weed control operations between 1961 and 1980 will be increased to check the spread of noxious and poisonous weeds to additional areas of range lands. As removal of undesirable vegetative cover is accomplished, weed control will be reduced to a cooperative maintenance program with private, state, and county organizations. The total cost of range conservation and improvement projects for the 52-year period in Oregon is approximately 60.4 million dollars. An additional 3.7 million dollars is expected from contributions of range users. Forest Management During 1961 the Bureau will harvest 1,069 million board feet of timber from its lands in Oregon. One billion board feet — including mature timber stands, thinnings, and salvable wood material from previous sales -- will be removed from the revested Oregon and California Railroad grant lands and reconveyed Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands in western Oregon. The balance will be harvested from 240,000 acres of public domain in western Oregon and from about 3909000 acres of timbered public domain in eastern Oregon. Inventories of forest resources on public domain lands to permit computation of more accurate and up-to-date estimates of the allowable cut will be completed in 1965. Computations based on recent reinventories place the average allowable annual harvest of mature green timber from O&C lands at 874.2 million board feet. 16 With greater demand, closer utilization practices and intensified silvicultural methods resulting in increasing volumes per acre, receipts from the sale of Bureau timber in Oregon are expected to increase from $30 million in 1959 to $45 million in 2012. The total volume harvested in 2012 is expected to be 1,154 million board feet. During the five-year period ending in 1965, the Bureau plans to distribute tree seed or plant trees on 126,500 acres in Oregon in order to quickly restore, currently nonstocked or inadequately stocked timber land, as well as lands from which timber will be harvested, to full productivity. Resource Protection As forest and range management practices intensify,, there will be a corresponding intensification in protection activities. Additional fire detection and communication installations will be provided and facilities for greater use of aerial fire control measures will be made available. The use of field stations for fire crews will be enlarged and additional tools, supplies and equipment will be assembled to equip a larger and more efficient fire control organization in eastern Oregon where the Bureau conducts its own fire control program. Contract protection costs in western Oregon are expected to more than treble by 2012. The availability of additional funds programmed for the next five years will permit the processing of 1,400 timber cutting trespass cases. The goal is to eliminate current backlogs of all trespass cases. Road Construction and Maintenance Program goals for the construction of timber access roads are to build all mainline roads and major spurs in advance of offering BLM timber for sale. This will reduce the risk to the purchaser, making the offering more attractive to more bidders. The increased competition for public timber should more than offset costs. Plans for road construction presently financed by the O&C counties call for the acquisition of 8,073 easements and 956 miles of existing road; 6,263 miles will be built at an average cost of $41,100 per mile. For other timber access roads, plans show need for acquiring 746 easements and 105 miles of existing road; construction is contemplated for about 500 miles of new road at an average cost of $28,600 per mile with completion scheduled for 1972. The construction of permanent roads in addition to those required for the harvest of timber is essential for multiple use management, particularly in eastern Oregon. There is an urgent need to open presently inaccessible areas to (a) management of the range resource including grazing administration, weed control, range improvement, soil and moisture conservation, material sales and project work of all kinds; (b) the 17 protection of range resources from fire and other hazards; and (c) the growing need for recreational opportunities and wildlife management „ This program contemplates acquisition of approximately 650 easements and 230 miles of existing road; 3,400 miles will be built at an average cost of $5,100 per mile. Road maintenance is essential for the protection of capital invested in road construction. Costs will increase as new mileage is added. Specialized topographic maps prepared by BLM cartographers in the Oregon State Office have proved to be of great value as a forest management tool, particularly in planning and road locations. Also currently being produced are type, planimetric, and ownership maps of appropriate scales for use by Bureau personnel in resource management activities » Mainly supported by the benefitting activities, the mapping program is to be financed at $111,000 annually. Recreation Recreational use of O&C lands will rise from the present 300,000 annual visits to an estimated 5,100,000. For public domain and CBWR lands, visitation will rise from 200,000 annual visits to 5,000,000. This will require intensive recreational development of approximately 3,600 acres of O&C land to provide approximately 4,800 camp units and 4,300 acres of public domain and CBWR lands to provide 3,200 camp units. Cost of developing these facilities is estimated at $4,600 per acre and maintenance at about 25 cents per visitor day. These costs are expected to be shared between BLM, local government and non-profit organizations with the objective of securing the maximum possible local financial support, Cadastral Engineering The accurate determination of boundaries of the public lands is basic to all programs of management and development. To achieve full resource utilization, a total of 3,200 acres of original surveys, 7,801,000 acres of resurveys , and 1,240,500 acres of special surveys will be done by 2012. In addition, protractions will be made for 2,750,000 acres of unsurveyed lands in National Parks and National Forests. Delineation of over 3,200,000 acres of the Outer Continental Shelf off the Oregon coast into blocks suitable for oil and gas leasing will be accomplished. Over 500,000 acres of O&G lands, other revested lands, and intermingled public domain lands in the forest districts are in need of complete resurvey. This work is scheduled for completion by 1975. An estimated 5,500 miles of boundary resurveys of National Forests will be completed. 18 to z o to 0) H ■3 oj "3^ 8 8 & en CM 8 to ^ 1 to s 1 -P H 0 »r» CM en 0 H •k •k •k rH O r— 1 ^O e-i^ ON rH 0 «, •k ir\ CM 8 to 0 •k CM VN en •k CM ^ 0 § 0 ^j. 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ON CVJ Pti H — » d *CM 3 vO ci ON CM vD n5 to H to • H >mV0^-. • ON H Pn H^-- $73 a a CO UN UN 5 NO 6 CM 1 UN to ON UN vO & UN H vO vO • H H S U 0) \ d •H > p V •H -P d 5 to ti d S O ■d 68 & 3 h O •H P °s 1 p O O P P> n» • «*! 3 3 01 (1) w a) ■p 3 p o Q) -d ' u o W) i 03 o 0) en d o I 8 fo « O K O tH m o .710 •— CM -O o to w o o sa 8 PR,-! c- cm [$ O CM art > "^cn Pi! W\CM 88 s; 3r^ -R ICNCl 43 00 P- CM R S1 to >J 8*^ R« en w-nj CM 00 «nc*\ 5 45 CM s § 83 4£ CM O 3£ CM t> U"\ CM C- CM 5 F e 8S cnH \i 83 8£ OCM R.. cncn [3 R 00 -^ go R R 5 3* 88 O CM 4D V" rH-O 88 6! 8^* u-100 88 go] o o a: *o m 3$ 88 88 00 rH 9R o to CM W" R Ri R 8 O O J5 ^ OS *S>*rH rt-O $3 38 H en RS On 33 CM -* en o C> r-l 00 23 3 0 :$ HCS o d e rc S s — 3 rc CD c & •— CO c « O 4> a > o fi 1 1 U 3 (/) it* to - t/> •- U o o a c5 Ou 8 O, B Vl o O < c o o z u. z* < B 23 WASHINGTON The remaining unreserved public lands in the State of Washington total approximately 450 s, 000 acres » mostly situated east of the Cascade Mountains in scattered parcels,, Their public and private values can, for the most part, best be realized by transfer to State, county, private and other non-Federal ownership <> The Bureau of Land Management has initiated a program to ultimately transfer most of these lands to other ownerships. Outstanding State lieu land selections and the transfer of lands having high recreational values will be given first priority.. Remaining lands will be classified and placed on the market for public sale as rapidly as possible « Substantial acreage reduction will be accomplished in the years immediately ahead* The administration of public lands remaining after 1965, and the minerals on National Forest and other lands in the State of Washington, will be assigned to other BLM State Offices <. Lands The lands activity in Washington will continue to receive highest priority in the State program during the long range program period . Of the present 450,000 acres of public lands in the State , 150,000 acres will be selected by the State . Approximately 190,000 acres will be classified and prepared for title transfer by 1965 » Public uses will be carefully considered and local and State public agencies will be encouraged to express their needs. Lands having no appreciable public use values will be offered for Public sale. Minerals Increasing emphasis will be given to determination of the presence or absence of locatable or leaseable minerals on public lands «, Activities under the general mining laws on 9.6 million acres of National Forest and remaining BLM lands will continue. Oil and gas propseeting will increase on some 5«2 million acres under Bureau mineral jurisdiction including 2o6 million acres of the Outer Continental Shelf. Range and Forestry The 600 grazing leases in force during 1961 will continue until transfer of title or other changes require their termination0 The BLM range conservation and improvement program will be reduced as the acreage decreases. 19 State selections are expected to reduce the acreage of commercial forest lands from 210 , 000 to approximately 60j>OQ0 acres by 1965<> Timber sales will be reduced from 7»5 million board feet in 1961 to one-tenth that amount in 1965 » As land tenure becomes stabilized, forest inventories and the development of management plans can be intensified on those areas remaining under Bureau administ ration „ Cadastral Engineering The long range program includes completion of surveys of unsurveyed lands outside National Forests and Parks, the resurvey of BLM and National Forest boundaries where necessary, protractions of unsurveyed lands within the reserves , delineation of the Outer Continental Shelf lands into blocks suitable for oil and gas leasing and such special surveys as are necessary for the effective management of lands and resources » Urgent need exists for the resurvey of many of the National Forest boundaries within this Statec Provision has been made to complete these within the early part of the long range program*. By 196? protractions will be completed for about 5<>9 million acres of unsurveyed lands in the National Forests and Parkso The project to delineate some 2o6 million acres of the seabed off the Washington coast into blocks suitable for leasing purposes is scheduled for completion in 1970 o 20 o o to o 0) w -P o w a> OT aJ 0) H O to •H CM 5 1 O 01 d) ■d CO (0 H o a CM o O a l 1 H rH d H O H F- o CO r- C- CM o o -4 • CO CM < % un • k OJ crj >— i -P H r-t O rH o o H O H CM H s 3 ^O^^ — ' ON r-l 1-2012 Total (10) o" o o CO O O » e o • H 3 5 1 1 SI • ON vO to to • X) rH ^ rH C>- O XT a 1 1 H 1 rH >H r-j^- o o 3 CO 8 3 • O ON o Ph OJv_- H o H CM to ^ 1 1 ~cr J> rH =9^ o ON CM vO ^ CM CO o CO O t> 0 O1 ^O -P CO o • * • Oi vO CM v£ I> o co -»* CM rH H 3 rH -P VO o * 9 • P-4 rl'W H H ' — • J" CD ffi 6 CM rH d 1 1 CM UN H CO, UN (H VO^n O CM si -4 • ON-* O P • OJ >H\0'-^ • ONOJ o o o rH CO, a H m 5 § Pm H — ' H • H MVO-— o o to NO UN H I 1 1 ON CO co] CM CO • ON rH o P^ H-W -H CO H . cc5 s • M J 1 d . >> d) p •H > c\ -P d to rt O rH rH ■rH g fc H d O •H e« 1 crl P O ,o -P oa rH ■P H rH «? 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Operating activities are conducted by State and District offices. 21 ARIZONA The Bureau of Land Management is responsible for the development and proper use of approximately 45 percent of the land area in Arizona. This land is located primarily in the northwestern and southwestern portions of the State, with a checkerboard area in the west central sector, adjacent to the Colorado River. A large block of public domain is located south of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. Isolated tracts are scattered throughout the remainder of the State. The most significant factors affecting the Bureau's program in Arizona are population increases and availability of water. The pressure for room to work and play is already substantial and is constantly increasing as more and more industries and people are attracted to this area of winter sunshine. The use of some public lands in Arizona for agricultural production is possible , should an economically feasible means be developed for de=>salinizing water from the Gulf of California. The great potential inherent in the public domain in Arizona will be utilized if the lands are placed in their proper use and the public land resources are wisely and effectively managed. The Bureau's efforts will be directed toward this goal. During the 1961-1965 program period lands efforts will first be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process. This has already been successfully accomplished on a limited basis through closure of certain areas to the filing of applications under the Small Tract Act. It will take over a year to complete action on pending applications after this goal is achieved. Major efforts will then be directed toward the investigation, classification and appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive public and private uses. High priority will be assigned to classifying appropriate areas for intensive and extensive recreational use. In addition, isolated tracts having no public values will be sold and areas best suited for intensive private uses will be transferred to private ownership. Approximately 3.6 million acres will be included in this intensive investigation and classification process by 1980. Between 1980 and 2012 previously made land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted in accordance with changing public needs. Areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions affecting the lands are more precisely defined. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted on a current pipeline basis. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. Old military withdrawals will receive considerable review. Range Management The resource management program objectives for public range lands in Arizona emphasize management of grazing lands, water control, and the development of multiple use resources to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing state population. It is estimated that intensified range management and range conservation and improvement practices can increase forage production on the public lands in the State of Arizona from 961,000 animal unit months in 1961 to 1.4 million animal unit months by 1980 and to 1.9 million animal unit months by the year 2012. Estimated grazing receipts can be increased from approximately $146,000 in 1961 to $1,923,000 by the year 1980. Range adjudication and apportionment will be completed by 1968, and the public lands divided into fenced allotments by 1970. Because of climatic conditions land tenure is expected to remain fairly stable in Arizona. Long term investments in conservation and improvement will be sound, and contribute to the local and national economy. The conservation and improvement program emphasizes water management, particularly detention and diversion dams, brush control, fencing, and range seeding. The total estimated cost of the combined management and improvement program for the 52-year period is about 50 million dollars, of which 5 million will be contributed by range users and other beneficiaries. Recreational use of the public lands is expected in increase rapidly requiring considerable effort to accommodate multiple use of grazing lands into the range management program. Generally forests that occur in scattered locations on public lands in Arizona are more valuable for recreational use than for timber production. Recreation Due to the rapidly expanding demand for outdoor recreation in Arizona, BLM will cooperate fully with the State, counties, and other interested groups in making land suitable for recreation available for title transfer and in securing access to the recreation areas through lands of other ownerships. Through a cooperative program with the State or other agencies or groups, the Bureau will share the costs of meeting 23 the recreation demand by construction of minimum facilities for camp grounds and picnic areas within large blocks of public land holdings remote from population centers but having high potential for recreation use. Minerals Arizona is called "the Copper State." In 1958 its land yielded 50 percent of the domestic production of copper. In the past several years additional large reserves on the public lands have been found and are being developed,, yet the search for additional reserves continues. In 1958 a wide variety of minerals valued at $314,520,000 were produced in Arizona. There is every reason to expect that this mineral wealth will increase in the coming years and that the public domain lands will yield an increasing proportion of that mineral wealth. Multiple use management of public lands will assure that this reservoir of undeveloped minerals on the public domain will remain open to exploration and development by private enterprise. Cadastral Engineering Arizona has approximately 5.3 million acres of unsurveyed land under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management, all of which have been scheduled for survey and monumentation during the long range program. About 2.7 million acres of land surveyed prior to 1910 will require resurvey because of the lower work standards and inadequate corner monumentation prevailing during that period. This acreage along with 1.8 million acres more of special surveys which includes about 2,550 miles of forest boundaries within the State, completes the overall planned accomplishments for the program. The short term period 1961=1965 will see a gradual increase in activity and completion of original surveys and resurveys progressing from 248,000 acres in 1961 to about 278,000 acres in 1965. A peak in surveys completed will be expected in 1980 reaching upwards of 350,000 acres per year. A general decline in activity is expected beyond this year to a level estimated at 50,000 acres per year with resurveys and special surveys being the major part of the work load. 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Ja to 1 0 *o OJ u *0 c S E (- 3 Z ^ ?? Q •« O a < 2 o « 1 1 < to OJ e | S e 01 (0 UJ > cr 3 [^ £> < — z ° 2 § DC e jo 3 CD *0 s • 5 o w *■ O 5 *• co U VI OS < H S K at E r < O u. (S 03 S D O cx z U < o < < o J 3 Ll cr U o IDAHO Approximately 23 per cent of the surface area of Idaho is under the administration of the Bureau of Land Management. This area is now used principally for iorage production, with a small percentage having value for timber production. Wildlife and recreation potentials are increasing rapidly. The proper tenure arrangement and resource use of public land will be an important factor affecting the economic future of Idaho. Population pressures prior to I98O are not expected to be as great as in the Southwestern States. However, with the expanding economies of all Western States, these pressures may be substantial by the end of the program period. The Bureau program for Idaho is designed to place lands best suited for non -Federal ownership in appropriate ownership and to effectively manage the resources on lands which will remain under Federal control. Lands During the I96I-I965 program period lands efforts will first be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which cannot be approved. Idaho does not have a substantial backlog of pending applications and once this control is achieved, efforts can be soon directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau. This will first involve the investigation, classification and development of appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive and extensive recreational use. High priority will also be given to land adjustment exchange activity in advance of range adjudication and range improvement work. In addition, isolated tracts having no public values will be sold, and areas best suited for intensive private uses will be transferred to private ownership. Approximately 2.9 million acres will be included in this intensive investigation and classification process by 198O. Between 1980 and 2012 previously made land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted to meet changing public needs. Areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands demand development of all resources. Throughout the entire program period, lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted in a current manner. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. 25 Minerals The present mineral leasing program is expected to maintain a steady upward trend through 1966. Work for determining surface resource rights has increased and is expected to continue to do so. Anticipated development of new refining techniques for processing low content deposits will make a material difference in the number of active mining operations. The growing importance of Idaho's nonmetallics, such as phosphate rock and clays, on the public lands is expected to continue through 2012. Multiple use management will be intensified in order to fully utilize all public domain resources available to the national economy. Some adjudication will be needed to resolve multiple-use-conflicts in connection with marginal or sub-marginal mining claims. This will be especially true as intensified management of range land, and classification and segregation of surface area for recreation and timber uses takes place. Range Management The objective of the Bureau's range management program for the public lands in the State of Idaho is the management development and use of the forage resource to its maximum long range potential. Emphasis will be on completing the range adjudication and apportionment program by 1968, division of the public lands into range allotments and establishment of scientific range management practices by I98O, and an accelerated program of range conservation and improvements. By applying known techniques and practices, the forage production on the public lands can be increased from lA million animal unit months in i960 to 2.9 million animal unit months by I98O and ^.3 million animal unit months by the year 2012. Receipts from grazing use will increase from about $279*000 in 1961 to approximately ^-.3 million dollars by the year 2012. To accomplish the proposed objectives will require an intensified range management and fire protection program, and a substantial increase in range conservation and improvement activities. Typical of the land treatment work to be accomplished are brush control, range seeding, water control, consisting mainly of detention dams, small reservoirs, springs and wells, fencing, pest control, and service roads. Soils and climate in Idaho are ideal for forage rehabilitation. A minimum of structural development to control flood waters is required as torrential rains are infrequent. The total cost of the proposed range management and improvement for the 52-year period is 209 million dollars of which 20 million dollars will be contributed by range users and other beneficiaries. The program will contribute substantially to a permanent base for the local economy and toward the growing needs of an expanding national population. 26 Forest Management Multiple use management of BLM timberlands in Idaho will result in the harvest of over 200 million board feet valued at nearly 3 million dollars during the period from 1961 to 1965 . Other values derived will be those from recreation, watershed protection, and wildlife. With land pattern adjustments resulting in smaller but more compact acreages, yields are expected to drop to ik million board feet annually in 2012. Emphasis will be placed on the reforestation of burns, with several thousand acres planted or seeded annually. To facilitate resource management activities and public use, more than a thousand miles of roads will be constructed and maintained. A combination of contract and BLM fire prevention and control is planned. Recreation To meet the expanding demand by the public for outdoor recreation in Idaho the Bureau will identify and inventory those areas most suitable for recreational use development. BLM will cooperate with the State and other interested groups in obtaining access to these sites through lands of other ownership; in making lands in demand for recreational use available through lease or title transfer and in cooperating with interested groups in developing minimum recreational facilities on appropriate public lands through BLM sharing the costs on a benefit basis. Posting of lands having recreational potentials will also be part of the program. Cadastral Engineering The areas planned for survey in this program are lands currently under the administration of the Bureau of Land Management and those military and other withdrawals which will probably be returned to Bureau administration during the program period. Other Federal lands in permanent reservations for such agencies as the Indian Service, National Park Service, military agencies and the Forest Service. Military agencies and the Forest Service are not considered except that the survey, re survey or remonumentation of boundaries between National Forests and other lands are included. There are 159*^ thousand acres of unsurveyed land remaining in the State under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management. Completion of the survey of these lands is anticipated by 19&7 • Some 6 million acres surveyed prior to 1910 for which surveys were poorly executed according to present standards and on which the monumentation has been obliterated, will require re survey. Grouped under special surveys are small tracts, townsites, some park and recreational areas, the survey of some omitted lands and islands along the 27 Snake River, and the survey, resurvey, or remonumentation of National Forest land boundaries, are some 1.5 million acres. The National Forest land boundaries •which constitutes most of this acreage is programmed over approximately 25 years. 28 r- UJ <1) H •8 Eh 1 cm ro '—- R o r— CO On r-- O H 1 -P H H O H R ° H vO rH vrv VA rH H r— P- c— -3- CO £EH~ H 0 *-^ CM «\ •N 1 *\ i »i •\ *» rH CO CM CM On O H rH On rH: CM <=? 8 1 CM H rH H C<3 8 § CM rH CO CM 1 -H; H i CM ro l-TV CO CO on ro en CO CO O -P OS CM O -H EH H 3 1A On LfN CO NO iH o o 8 ^ o -3 Mi CO On vO F.Y. 2012 (9) H O _H/ CO o~\ - CA 1 CO 8 H NO CO o X) H i oi o 9 co Is- ro O -=t r>- o ° CNJ O CM r«- TA t>- o o v\ rH 1 t~ J CM CA On f^D O CO ON Eh ^- rH **" NO -3- CM CM o- 1 _ • O tMcOC o o c^- H *0 O- t>- o o •» •k •» •\ »» ON EH H H CNl H CM CO H 1 — • IT\ c> o On t— CM ^ HVO^— O Q O - 1 On 1 \A CM CA •nVO^ O rH -=t CM NO NO • On on »\ •» Pm H w rH H *.QJ o" o B CM H O rH On >H VO*— • On CM O NO O H 3 ! 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H UN ro -d- C3N UN rH H O t- ON H o o o o o o co o o o -=r OJ NO CO r- o o o co* O o -5 cd" t— o o o o o J- o o o o o o NO 1 o O ro ro t— ro o o j- CO ro 0^ OJ o o UN rH o o o O UN OJ no" ir\ rl ON o OJ o oT ON O O o o OJ oT o o NO • o ro o o CO o o rH CO o o o H o o o OJ Q o o m 1 H H CO o O NO H ON ro O NO CO H o o UN o OJ OJ J" o o ro o OJ H CO OJ lOP CO 2H O O ir\ o o u\ CO -4- o o o CO H CO 3 o O O CO o o CO r-T OJ o o ro srT 3 H o o o UN o o o UN ro 1 rH CO O CO UN O OJ vo O o o vrT OJ ON rH UN OJ rH OJ NO t— rH o o OJ CO o ro ON 3 ro OJ o CO UN OJ NO NO 3- o d ON CO- ro ro z o r- < a. 1U o CO hi o IS- o o o CO o o UN NO o o OJ o o co O o o crT o o ro O O ON O? 1 J- t— ro 8 o o co rH OJ UN t— J- UN OJ H o H OJ 8? OJ o H o d CO NO OJ OJ 0. o r- z LU s 111 o < o ON ro o o ON o o o ir\ CO OJ H ON CO o o 3- rH o o ON vo" o OJ O o UN r- O cc? rH 1 UN CO .4- UN OJ o UN rH t— rH CO OJ O OJ O 3 o OJ -d- H NO CO ro NO CO OJ UN O UN CO CVj rl H UN t- z z < _J ll. D in O rH o o t- 0? o o OJ ON OJ l/N H H o o ro 0? o o UN ON o O UN ON LTN -=1- 1 OJ rH UN J* O UN NO UN t- -=t o UN o rH o OJ ro t— C- O ON O o rH o CO OJ o UN OJ OJ OJ -=t OJ IDAHO ACCOMPLISHMENTS FROM BUREAU 0 1961 THROUGH 20 hi o OJ H o o -4- o? o o 0J H t— OJ LC\ rH ro UN t- H o o o it o o LTN OJ o o o H s 1 o OJ UN ON CO NO H NO o UN J- UN o H O OJ s O NO UN ON o ro OJ o UN Si H OJ ■c a* ro >. *-* hi O CO o o H 0? o o H r-T UN t- l/N H co £■ ro OJ o o ro s o o o ro o o OJ OJ co s ' o OJ 5> CO OJ UN H NO UN O J- NO ON CO ro ro ^ o o rH UN UN o CO OJ o CO H OJ H OJ to CN hi o 8 o o o r-T H J- H UN O o o ON ro o UN OJ UN 1 1 a o NO ON OJ UN H J- UN ro J- ON o UN ro H H CO OJ UN -=* rH co OJ CO OJ J- OJ OJ ro OJ Q Hi i < O o K Q. 10 hi o H o o CO H o o ON H l/N OJ ICN vo UN 8 <•> o ro o UN OJ o UN OJ 1 1 UN H VD UN H UN O t— OJ UN C- UN J- H CO O 3 o ON H CO & CM ro OJ H Z hi °| HO! ?- em ->< [d 5 (0 y co o 8 B3 0) (A 0} u BB 5 a i-l (A 8 1/1 V V) u w s u < I u < & u a o § a u (0 S E BB V 3 a U i z s CO — is "8 c s c CO s T) CO o OS 8 q BB OJ w CO U 10 OJ CO CO U CO V S tfl & 0 (0 o o <3 CO CU o CO o 8 V E 3 z CO 9 u CO o 8 tfl 0) u CO o 8 0) z i rH E z Id X Id -J u a i- Id J u e o 0 £ = a, *- a x CO X c It c — * 1 O A) '2 > « £ i- « .- Of sP z u < J s V) u 41 n u e o I 3 •v < s u 0) co cs u e o "5 u w (A jo u c o a Si's — o Is •" § 9 'J2 S o. 8° U 3 5 si (c to CC s a i 3 0 13 o =t C ■ E a o a. CD O 0 s 6 0) O o 1 e o 0 •S 9 < > a H Q a o u BB X s C 0 1 '6 > e o n « BJ c u E CJ > E _! 4J m a ■o 0) a» c« o2 c 'c a a o cs cu s2 flj 2 e o U >. J3 QJ B 8 ■o if 1 a BB C J E g 1 O £ (A •D e 3 CO jjj CO 5 w w CO a 10 OJ h u e ■a a U 5 E H w c e c •8 c o ■a n "3 o* u ■< >. 9= "9 (A i. i?. B to o U c o '« t < M n 0 a u < c o u 5 tfl c o u "O CO 0 E J CC J& tfl CO o Oc "o V 0 1 OJ e ■3 £ 8 no _jj '> £ a 'n a C CO C3 00 a o c 0) u. Ofl c 0) S t/: D QD C s, "o o 0 J= e CQ c a> E c 4J CO > HI > a D in -1 < — CC co r- S co '5b < S Q O < 0) 9 CO QJ CO 5 IU ^ U co Z U. z- si < g ^« z ° 2 § H S 3 E Pi CO o Z O o u tfl OJ o CO u. dS B. DcO .5 is '3 CO *o 0) 0 c n c c NEVADA The Federal Government owns or controls some 87 per cent of the total land area in Nevada. The Bureau administers approximately 4-7 million acres or 67 per cent of the total land area of the State . The privately-owned areas are largely limited to lands around population centers , such as Reno and Las Vegas , and along the Humboldt River and railroad in northern Nevada , The public land areas in Nevada are sparsely populated at the present time. However, expected population increases in Arizona and California, plus the expected use of large expanses of land in Nevada for extensive industrial testing and similar uses, is expected to greatly increase the demand for lands in the State . These demands for land uses will compete with increasing needs for forage production. The Bureau's responsibility and objective during this program period will be to make lands available for intensive public and private uses, when such use is appropriate, and to provide adequate resource management for the extensive acreages remaining under Bureau administration because their multiple use values requiring Federal management or where transfer to non-Federal ownership is neither economically nor legally possible. Lands During the 1961-1965 program period lands efforts will first be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process , This has already been accomplished on a limited basis through closure of areas around Las Vegas to the filing of applications under the Small Tract Act, It will take from one to two years to complete action on pending applications after this goal is achieved. Effort will then be directed toward the investigation, classification, and development of appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive public and private uses. High priority will be given to classifying appropriate areas for intensive recreational use and arranging their land tenure patterns accordingly. High priority will also be assigned to identifying and classifying areas which can properly be transferred to private ownership . Extensive multiple use areas will be identified and classified accordingly. These will be used to meet the ever increasing demands for extensive recreational uses, such as hunting and sightseeing in the desert. The increasing populations in Arizona and California will add materially to this demand, 29 Approximately 4.. 5 million acres will be included in these investigations by 1980. An additional 8 million acres will be investigated between 1980 and 2012, when sortie of the most intensive demands for Nevada lands will probably occur. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted in a current manner. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. Minerals Nevada is a State rich in mineral resources. Comstock, Tonopah and Yerrington remind us of the past and present wealth extracted from the ground. Today, Nevada continues to supply a wide variety of mineral products (including petroleum) to the western economy. At present there are known low grade iron reserves amounting to 86 million tons . With the rapid expansion of the Pacific Coast States the mineral potential of this State must be developed to supply the population needs, particularly for industrial minerals,, Range Management The objective of the Bureau range management program in the State of Nevada is to insure proper management and use, and to develop to their maximum potential, the 4-7 million acres of public land administered by the Bureau. Intensified management and protection coupled with an accelerated range conservation and improvement program will increase the forage production on the public lands from the estimated 3.3 million animal unit months in I960 to $.8 million animal unit months by 1980 and to 13.4 million animal unit months by the year 2012. Receipts from grazing estimated at $552,000 for 1961 can be increased to approximately 13.4 million dollars in the year 2012, Constant land tenure insures that the long term public benefits derived from developing the enormous grazing potential on the public lands will be realized. Past accomplishments have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed conservation and improvement practices and the contribution such improvements can make to the economy of the State and towards the needs of a rapidly expanding national population. The program includes the completion of the range adjudication and apportionment program by 1968, establishment of range allotments and scientific range management practices by the year 1980, and substantial progress on land treatment and improvement practices by the year 2012 . The program will require intensified range management and fire protection and a continual readjustment of range allotments to keep range use in balance with forage production of the public lands and dependent ranch properties . 30 The program emphasizes such conservation and improvement practices as brush control, range seeding, weed control, water management including water spreading, detention dams, pitting and furrowing, reservoirs, springs, and wells, fencing and service roads. The cost of the proposed range management and improvement program for the 52-year period is 298 million dollars; 38.7 million of which will be contributed by range users and others benefiting from the program. Forestry At the present time the Bureau is protecting vast acreages with a minimum fire control organization. Forest Management is limited to 100,000 acres of public domain which are classified as commercial forests which are of primary value as recreational area. Pinon pine Chistmas trees, posts, and wood fiber products will be harvested from Nevada's ten million acres of woodland in the future o Recreation An increasing use of public domain lands in Nevada for recreational purposes is anticipated. The program has been correlated and balanced with other demands for lands and resources. BLM will cooperate with the State , counties, and other interested groups in obtaining access to lands suitable for recreational uses; in making lands in demand for recreation available to these groups through lease or transfer of title; in developing facilities for camp grounds, picnic areas and trailer parks with costs of development being shared on a benefit basis. Potential recreational areas will be identified and an inventory maintained to help meet rising demand for recreation on public lands. Cadastral Engineering A serious need exists in Nevada for an enlarged program of original surveys and resurveys because of the extensive unsurveyed area in the State and the large number of fictitious and highly erroneous surveys made under the contract system prior to 1910. The long range program plans surveys of 15 million acres of unsurveyed lands and 32 million acres of resurveys in areas where the faulty surveys exist or are reported to exist. In addition, lo5 million acres of special surveys are planned. Of these 1.5 million acres of special surveys, 350 thousand acres represent 1,100 miles of National Forest boundary work and 820 thousand acres represent resurveys of township boundaries scheduled for completion in 1962. Resurvey of township boundaries will aid materially in locating many of the surveyed and unsurveyed areas and will be needed before acceptable protraction diagrams 31 can be prepared of the unsurveyed areas of the State. It may be necessary to continue these township boundary surveys well beyond 1962. If so, it will not affect progress on the total program but will increase the amount of special surveys in the program. Population of the State is growing rapidly and the demand for survey of small tracts, townsites, recreation areas, and parks is increasing and is expected to continue increasing throughout the program period. The cadastral engineering program for Nevada is expected to absorb most of the expansion in Area 2 during the five-year period 1961 to 1965. By 1967 the Nevada program will have been increased to an amount four times the 1962 work program. By 1980 a peak of 2.6 million acres per year is anticipated, This will decline gradually to a 20,000 acre level in 2012. 32 to z o H ■s 1 OJ d^ ^T o r- CO O CM 0 MN — ON i- -=r CM o CA -d O -d vO On rH CM ca g 1 OJ H rH H 03 COO+) o\w o rH EH —. o o oo vO O o _g ° 8 ° o o CO CM -J- CA 1 XA CO CM i o -d CM CO -d CA CA ■» J? o CA MD o O On • OJ ^ Jh H ON . o — - tn CM On 3 H 1 - O fA c»- O "LTV NO -d CA O On co H -PVD o t- OJ CM i O « rH H XA NO O— - •N hVO<~-- O On xa CO vO CM XA r- • ON ITN H 1 vO i cx> fo H-— - •x •» H H 'o O XA O fA CM Si MD •-H/ O xrv XA NO j vo CM -=f - JhVO'-v o o H I 8 co • ON m *> »\ •» Fh h •«-' rH H H ♦ CVJ cT O ca O CM r— CM -=!• >hV£><— O O xa XA » 1A 1 H CA O • ON OJ O O H CO fk, H v— •\ •> •\ H H H .*.d O o o O CM NO XA Q ^VD^- o o xa O 1 9 H CM -zt •ON H O ON NO XA H F>hH— H CM 10 w OJ co "co 0) to 12 co ■ S M 0) # & w o e 0) B H V) a. u 0) w 3 S w u, O W o J3 o w V) E E c w CO a OJ OJ CO CD w o o o OJ "3 < U o 3 Ok Mrf o o U «3 OJ •a o>*(3 CO c DO .5 X) d CO E H c (0 "3 r- O w w CO w 4) OJ a S3 .5 o ?3U N CO M a U c<3 O a» 4-1 O o in IS CJ 10 o OJ 3 0J o to fH 0J p> o w 0J to a) OJ H % O I CO •H K OJ 5 a M cv c O O PI H -4 LTN c— H O" cr J ON OJ ' " H O. 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CM 03 *— • o OJ .4 -4 C~- ^t H 0v f9 vo 1 -P rH o LP LTN H c > jf l> t-l O rH r-l OJ ry i ^.^ ON -4 OJ CO rn Lf> CO t~ LP OJ +5 O 1 O rH X) On H o o o r-l -4" vo en o V o ON ON ON •> LTN o on -d- CC LT r- l or o<- i i OJ • H -4- o 5 on o -d- LT O LP >H rH^ o o LT\ o -4 o H LT \ -4 o^ J- a OJ H o o- ) cr • O ON o H H en LT k 1 r- » VO* CO VO Ed o OJ cv co O O ^^ OJ CO on c— O IN o t- o o vo t- o ON CO VO co vc • > LP vo P CO t- H o rH -* ^-p o o ON OJ OJ VO OJ *■ t- ON •> Fn Hv_- rH o H OJ H 9 LP. o -4" ON -4 H o LTN H 8 o P S Ss H -P MD O ON IT H on H H H P ^Occi rf o •J- o H (V OJ H -d- 1 or LTN >H VO'-v o vo H t- on oo CO -d; OJ • ON_d o »\ en •N Fn H^ H CO -d-* LP, H IS Ntjr o\ OJ o VO H S- CO rH 0 b OJ oo in q OJ OJ . en o" LP, H OJ rH -=1- LP, >H vo^- o *\ • on on o tf<* ^t -=1- fr r-fw H -d- "~N H H LTN OJ oo ON cd b- LP, • CO O CO b- VO t- H H H ON >hVO^ O LP, t>- H vo l>- • ON 0.1 o •\ •V Fn H-— ' H H OJ OJ • H O -4 OJ vo LP, O O 00 VO rf -=t- LTN CO, CO LTN 9 fH VO^-v O LTN H H H o • On H o •N •\ Fx, -H-— H H- H OJ (0 rH *. aJ > S s * d ^ -P 0 CO cd o H t 5 rH d o ^ r-t cr3 P CV1 •H b cr) •H 08 P O P «8 U •p M EH a O to p a; -P P p a) Tj § 9 r< 1,0 $ r! I EH •H +3 •H H •H O r> o cc c\ rH vO -4 r- -4 CC o CO d 2 O ^ i> C \D to CM O al^ C «< • i i O H d cc IfN o o> r- vr cm CO H E-<-^ vO a- CC & r- H H IT CO -4 CO C CM l> o t- >-v vO {> H rH i CM ^ri^ ai Q -4 * 1 CC • o on a a« rH C CO Ph CJ.V-- "~" H CM to H CO o o ICN *r> o d >~ O rH l> r— vO CO I> UN ^tf^ a r-- O co m o •4 Ch -4 k * t * 1 • \0 CO O *vO 0 s — ' ON E-i 1 — 1 CO" CM CV rH vO vO • o CO d . vO a g ' a a ^ (—1 i co * CNI O H H rH o IT CM 4 o « to o 3 px, Hw in 7 3 rH fe r- <*> r- 3 ~4 CNI H co CO o H P VO ^D o—- ' a i 9 H m » 3 CM ■* p1 CO r-l © v0 P UN o IfN ,d bi) ,— -ac a u> Cl o> vO VfN • UN d .c CO O ' -4 C- >XN ^>. o >H VO^-n k « ^ ' • • 0\ IfN 3 s rH CO CO £ [x, H«— < cv CO ^i ITN cn <£> •<* s a VO • J- S o « rH C^v U\ CM< CO On JhVO-^ « • H • ON J- fx, Hw ja a r-i H CO CO r> rH vO •4 rH vO u> o vrv . rn ^-CNt d • H — ' r- rH vO ^ vO O 0> 0^ CO • OJ JhVO'— 3 ~ c t >TN O s CM H C*> • On cvj px, H-w J^a h H CM 1 CM d • cr CD O -4" CNi vO r> rH CO ON • H £- Si « CO o CO m • ON H Ex, H — 3 S CM CM (D H •8 to H . &H S crt il) § d •H > ■H P d CD d rt o ^ o3 fc o •H °s ,1 P O O P -P Cil • **! % en (1) hi) 03 cil p ^ (1) ho 9 rl U r -rl o d P 51 5 a 8 a a IH 2 8 El s ft 2h o 8 ft CO o en 5 3 § Ft ft Sg ^ * ft ft en S 9. ft & ft 9 § s 3 ft 3 05 z u 3 g 8 CO u H g UJ 3 hi < < o c 4 ■ Z J ■r 2 Tl B in 3 N a "S 2 X < u to 5) < c UTAH Public lands in Utah under jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management total 24.5 million acres , or approximately 46 per cent of the total land area. These lands and their wealth of natural resources including range, wildlife, minerals, forests and water will continue to occupy an important place in the economy of the State. Utah's population, now 880,000 people, has increased 28 per cent since 1950. This upward trend is expected to continue. To insure that the public domain in Utah contributes fully to the future development of the State and Nation, BLM has formulated a long range program wherein various uses of lands and resources will be balanced. This multiple use management will provide maximum benefits to the ever growing number of people using the public lands. Lands First efforts during the 1961-1965 program period will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which cannot be approved. Utah does not have a substantial backlog of pending applications and as this control is achieved s efforts can then be directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau. This will first involve the investigation, classification and development of an appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive and extensive recreational use. A concurrent high priority will be given to land adjustment exchange efforts in advance to range adjudication and range improvement activity. Areas best suited for private ownership will be transferred as soon as possible. By 1980 approximately 2.6 million acres will have been included in this intensive investigation and classification process. Completion of the State selection program by 1980 will require a great deal of effort to accomodate the large acreages remaining to be selected. Between 1980 and 2012 previously made public land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted to meet changing public needs. Certain areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands reach maturity. This will be especially true in the northwestern portion of the State. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted currently. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. 33 Minerals Nearly half, of the 34.9 million acres of land where the minerals are controlled by the BLM in Utah classified as prospectively valuable for oil and gas, are now under lease. It is estimated that by 1980 the total available area will have been leased to approximately 60,000 different leaseholders. New discoveries in the southern part of the State have expanded leasing activity many fold. Leasing of minerals other than oil and gas is also expected to increase in relation to the expansion of our natural economy and population. The vast potash deposits of southeastern Utah are rich and valuable, and are the greatest known undeveloped source of this mineral in the United States. The coal deposits of Utah are large enough to supply the nation's estimated needs for 200 years. The immense deposits of oil shale in eastern Utah and western Colorado, now withdrawn from disposal or leasing, constitute the largest known source of oil in the United States. It will be a matter of only a few years until this oil will be competitive with oil obtained from domestic wells. Mineral production in 1958 was valued at $366 million. Range Management The objectives of the range program are the rehabilitation of the public lands consistent with their capabilities and sustained use principles. Approximately 2,900 farms and ranches in the State of Utah are dependent upon the public lands for forage. The range resources on the public lands are essential to the economy of Utah and will play a much more important role when developed to their maximum potential through management, conservation, and improvement. The Bureau's program will emphasize the completion of the adjudication and apportionment program by 1968 and the establishment of range allotments and controlled grazing operations for sustained yield management by the year 1980. Fire protection will be substantially increased and greater effort will be applied to the control of noxious weeds, rodents, and other range pests. Intensified management and an expanded conservation and improvement program will increase the present estimated forage production from 1.8 million animal unit months to 3.7 million animal unit months by 1980 and to 5.6 million animal unit months by the year 2012. Receipts from grazing will be increased from approximately $465,000 in 1961 to 5.6 million dollars by the year 2012. 34 To secure forage increases and subsequent increases in livestock and big game production the Bureau proposes a program emphasizing intensified range management and fire protection, increased land treatment and improvement and expansion of research and range studies to develop ways and means of fully utilizing existing range potentials. Typical of the type of projects to be emphasized are brush control, range seeding, water management including detention and diversion damSj small reservoirs, springs, and wells, weed9 rodent and other pest control , fencing, contour pitting and furrowing, water spreading, and service roads- The total cost of the range management and improvement program for the 52 year period is 240.2 million dollars of which 9.0 million will be contributed by range users and other benefitted agencies. The program will help to stabilize the economy of Utah and contributes substantially to the expanding needs of the nation. Forest Management The forest management program for the next 15 years calls for completion of forest inventories and an increase in commercial sales. Management plans will follow closely the completion of each inventory. During the period from 1981-2012 the commercial forest land will be reduced by State lieu selections to a level of approximately 170,000 acres and maintained at that constant level. Woodland products will become increasingly important especially for pinon and juniper woods. Fire control will be expanded greatly during the period 1961»1980 with emphasis on presuppression and detection. The law enforcement and public education aspects of the fire prevention program will be expanded which should tend to reduce the number of man-caused fires. Airplanes with fire retardant chemicals, pumper units, as well as helicopters and other new equipment will be utilized in control operations. Recreation To meet the increasing public demand for outdoor recreation on public domain lands in Utah the Bureau has programmed a balanced recreation development program commensurate with other resource demands. BLM will cooperate with the State, counties and other interested groups in making land available for recreational use through lease or transfer of title. Potential sites will be identified and a current inventory of areas suitable for recreational uses will be maintained. Construction of camp ground and picnic area facilities will be completed on strategic sites on a cooperative basis with other groups sharing costs on the basis of benefits received. The Bureau will cooperate in obtaining access to recreational areas through non- federal land to assure proper balance with other land uses. 35 Cadastral Engineering Under the long range program some 1.7 million acres of original surveys will be made in Utah. There are approximately 10.6 million acres of land surveyed prior to 1910 under the contract system which will require resurvey because of the inadequacies of the work. About 1.4 million acres designated as special surveys will be completed under the program. This work includes small tracts, townsites, park and recreational areas $ and determination of the boundary of the public land around the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake, and the survey, resurvey, or remonumentation of National Forest land boundaries. The National Forest boundaries involve some 2,550 miles or 800 thousand acres. The Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake work is estimated at 400 thousand acres. forest boundary work is scheduled for a 25-year period. A gradual increase in special surveys will take place rising from a programmed 3,200 acres per year at present to 9,600 acres in 1967 and continuing at a relative rate of growth for the remainder of the program period. In the overall work considerable expansion will occur in the short term period from 1961-1965. The program reflects a growth in completed surveys from 271 thousand acres in 1961 to 353 thousand acres in 1965. From 1965 to 1980 this will increase to 400 thousand per year and then gradually decline to a figure of 95 thousand acres per year in 2012. 36 | p oj '3'- ■*» o o O H MD ON CM CO o l -P H O rH 1 On 1 i CM rjj H O H O «\ •\ ■ •% K & e-^ -" »N vO CO On rA CO ON H CM UN, rH o tq H OO iH O •> r-i p O do o 1 WHO \0 H H co" O i 1 CvJ UN. 9\ I i O CO O i NO M0 0) co o -p «n r>- Cf\W OrH H On CO CM (J w H EH-— NO MD g , v >H o O • OJ ^O o >H H ON O \A • O — ' •» » o- 1 | 1X\ ! o i TA On CO OJ -P O fa OJ H n6* CM ■n ^ CM •s 1 •\ i i •% On Eh •— H -H c-T tA CM L H O CM co O CO a) Z HI • O • ON t> :g vo 1 oo rH 1 MD CM ! O MD i n-N r— i-r\ OJ H 2 HI o fa H*-* H 3 — On eh H S •> CM 3 b0 •H u. I »*^S ** — s fe§ • l/N ° o 8° CO -3 On r-j CVJ JH VO*~> r>- vrs Xf\ On "■w 30 • ON ITN 1 tu 1 1A 1 i f— < tt fa H w •\ 1 "* •» •> HI T H CO -9 coJE o DC LL • -4- "o ° O ° o r-i 8 H 3 • ON-d/ o ^ ' MD • trv i i -4- s fe H -w d ^ co ^ lO , _„,, , Pi r- S~\ H 0. 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H S 03 U § > P d a to o a) o u p •H l? m •H ob H O •P oa M 4J 1— I E-< O P 4J n) « •-J*, •3 W (1) tn CD p ^j <1> ^ (1) bf) o3 J". V) hn d 1 U O al d CJ O a (il Pm pc; a K u H cc; O I i- « 00 O 4 5 H R & m 3 •fit °° 2h 8 o 8 R 8 R R 8 R 8 5 3 R R 3 •0 R 8 8 3 <5 5 z u Ml S '3 o * s a: o cd "0 £ n X I e H >-° o := IM j o CD s 1 "8 I- s 5 ^ a. i < 0 CD «e < o 1 1! 3 a < Q 0 uj 'C o « 2 U. UJ M £1 H c to o z u o O AREA 3 Area 3 encompasses the States of Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming. The Area Office is located in Denver. Operating activities are conducted by State and District offices . 37 COLORADO The full scope of multiple use management of resources is applied to the 8.4 million acres of public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management in Colorado. Representing about one~eighthof the State's total land area, most BLM lands are scattered throughout the western half of the State. Since Colorado is readily accessible to the expanding populations of the Midwest, dramatic increases in outdoor recreational use of public lands can be expected throughout the second half of the present century. There increasing population demands will require an aggressive Bureau program to arrange land patterns in a manner adequate to meet them. Resource management on the remaining public lands will be intensified. Conservation practices designed to continue rebuilding range lands to secure their optimum production while improving soil and moisture conditions will continue. Management of public domain forests will receive greater emphasis with accompanying increases in timber harvest. Receipts from mineral leasing are expected to be far greater than from all other resources combined. Lands First efforts during the 1961-1965 program period will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which cannot be approved. Colorado has practically no backlog of pending applications, so efforts can immediately be directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau. High priority will be given to investigation, classification, and appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive and extensive recreational use. This will be especially important in Colorado because of the increasing recreational demands expected on the public domain. A concurrent high priority will be given to land adjustment exchange efforts in advance of range adjudication and range improvement activity. Isolated tracts which are not required for any public purpose or use will be sold as soon as possible. This is well under way and should be completed shortly after 1965. By 1980 more than 4.6 million acres will have been included in this intensive investigation and classification process. This large proportionate acreage recognizes the intensive multiple land uses expected in Colorado . 38 Between 1980 and 2012 previously made public land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted in accordance with changing public needs o Some of the areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands reach maturity. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will, be conducted currently. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. Range Management The objective of the Bureau's range management program in the State of Colorado is to manage and develop the public lands to their highest potential and use consistent with conservation and sustained yield principles. By 1968, range adjudications and apportionments will have been completed. By 1980, the public lands will have been divided into range allotments or management areas and plans of scientific range management placed in operation. It is estimated that through intensive range management and rehabilitation treatment, the present forage production of 1 million animal unit months can be increased to 1.5 million animal unit months by 1980 and 2 million by the year 2012. Grazing receipts are expected to increase from $173,000 in 1961 to more than $2 million by 2012. Range use supervision will be increased to insure proper management of the range. Much of the public land in Colorado has important watersheds as well as other resource and recreational values to be protected and conserved for future use. The population of Colorado is expanding rapidly resulting in increasing public land uses. A rapidly accellerating public land management program to keep pace with public demands and use is indicated. Big game propogation and management is important to Colorado's economy and will receive increasing attention on the public lands. Conservation and improvement practices designed to rehabilitate and maintain the ranges of Colorado in good condition are brush controls range seeding, water management, fencing, service roads, and pest control. The total cost of conservation and improvement projects for the 52-year period is approximately $121 million of which $3.9 million will be contributed by range users and other cooperators . Minerals Colorado is located in one of the major metallogentic provinces in the United States. It must be considered to be a reserve storehouse 39 for both metalliferous and industrial minerals, as well as common varieties minerals. Many presently uneconomical deposits occur which will be reworked or become economically feasible in the future. It is not anticipated that the oil shale industry will develop, as such, until after 1970-1975. This development will undoubtedly have a large effect in the overall expansion of the mineral industry in the State of Colorado. An upsurge in uranium development probably will occur again about 1970. Demands for industrial minerals and common varieties will undoubtedly expand with these industries, as well as population rises. Forest Management Based on forest inventories which are only 15 per cent complete, it is estimated that approximately 14 million board feet of timber can be harvested annually f rom BLM lands in Colorado. However, the acquisition of access and the construction of roads costing from $35,000 in 1961 to $111 ,000 or more annually be 1980 are necessary not only for timber harvests but for other management purposes and public use as well. The inauguration of a reforestation program in 1962 is planned, with the acreage so treated increasing until the presently non-stocked backlog of 3,000 acres is eliminated and prompt reforestation of all lands from which timber is harvested is assured. Protection of forest and range from damage by fire, disease, insects, and trespass will receive continued emphasis. Recreation Outdoor recreation is destined to become an ever expanding use of public lands in Colorado. The State's scenic beauty and cool dry climate are attractions to both residents and tourists. BLM lands will become a greater demand for recreation as leisure time increases. Public domain suitable for this will purposely be made available to the State and other interested groups through title transfer. Construction of minimum facilities on several selected areas will be conducted by BLM on a cooperative cost basis, first along the highway system to be followed later in the more remote areas. Obtaining access to sites by cooperative means will form an important part of this cooperative program. Maintaining an inventory of potential recreational sites and posting of BLM lands suitable for recreational purposes will apprise the public of the availability of use of BLM lands for outdoor recreation. 40 Cadastral Engineering Programmed for completion in the long range program is approximately 1.1 million acres of original surveys and more, than 3.2 million acres of resurveys . The increases in program fund requests for the period 1961-1965 are designed to materially reduce the accumulated backlog of urgent requests not on file and in addition provide sufficient money and personnel to carry on the currently needed surveys. The accumulated backlog has occurred mostly in the fields of resurveys and special surveys. The original surveys programmed request work within the Grand Mesa National Forest, in an area in which large scale coal mining operations are in prospect. The survey is needed in order that leases can be awarded. The small tract acreages scheduled for completion are within the intermingled areas of public lands in the vicinity of Denver and Colorado Springs. The value of these lands for homesites has increased several fold in the past year or two. The demand for this type land is growing and will become acute in the near future. For the period 1966 through 1980, the program has been drawn to keep abreast of current needs and to completely eliminate the remaining backlog, if any exists. It is anticipated that practically all land now classed as unsurveyed, or in townships wherein original surveys have been suspended, will have been surveyed by the end of 1980. During this period and throughout the remaining 1980-2012 period the vast majority of all work scheduled for completion will be resurveys and special surveys. 41 H ■3 EH Or) — g CM d ^ o hi I -P H O ^» CO vo vO r>- vO co CM vO 1A rH CO fA c^N H OHOvT 3 _^f vO CM CM <^N 1 vO 7^ H B-' t>- > CO ,-^ o 0 » o » •» ' O vO rH o vO I O i CO r>- H CO k OJ i.H Ov CM CM CA tA o X» • O _T »\ »\ l «\ 1 VDOCO -£ rH CA H CA CA VO CM On Eh ^ d H CM rH L* ° Mco -r; • OS t- c? o o o rH rH Ov H irv i#_s VO r-j o q CM vO 1A - • l/V >H VO*-^ • 0\ ir\ o o O UN. H CNJ OO O H O CA 1 O o CM ' ON O CM H CM - H o n 1 CM H ' O co H 8 Ov O CM H H O CM CO f— 1 •rH •ONH O O o q O H 3 CM CVJ 1 CA rH 1 O oo H vO 1A oo faH v_ »* •> H H H rH . to CQ CO o o O •X3 C CO to t) co to u d) X> E • tH H SJ u cfi to 8 e CO 0) _J < O h to CO CD £'U N U M o a) CO fa a 5 o CO O o3 O 0) o 1 10 p o 0) K w pi o OJ 3 0) o 3 o en (0 eu CO a! Q) OJ o I to t»o •H Ph CM 5 3 3 •> 4 > < > * • i •< c -4 3 p- C\ to H o . 9 CO s ^JO H — r- OJ Ol on H & H rH H rH vO c . c*^ si ■ »f\ OJ O a5 «•— ^^-^ C- CM •S 1> u> IT H O OIP O o ON vO C*" c- o H ON si st l O f— 1 o • • •. > « < ^ • • • 30 o CM a IT Cn a- NO CO OJ nO ON ' H H H >H rH^— O tf> CO g IT to if r— ■ d c^ IT O if\ o O CM O H - vf H »f\ ON Eh 1 — | 4 rH — rH 3 in H £ SO $ § t^ a »f\ CM CV? c> o O rH - — ■» O rH vO a rH C*' IfN CM r> (V i a5 ^— O • •» • I i ♦ •« w H -P VO ^O O — On£h O O H co H vO t-. Pi 3 o s ^ en Q H H O H nO nO CM H • ir\ >H VO'— • On lt\ o o o 3 st CO • O a IfN sl- • nO CM Vf\ On Pn H-w H H cn cn H • J- MVO^ O § Pi en H to » in a O • ^8 NO »fN H 0| • ON_3" O H H cn CO, *H VO'— • On oo o" O O H ON IP. st en CM NO H 25 ^ ft CM • CM i to CM CM • OJ >H VO'— . ONOJ F*t H — » O O H Si 3 NO & to H CM On » H CM IfN Ol •» • H JH VO'— O o o vO a CN2 vO O -4 IfN rH i H to nO O O 3 • ON H ft, H — o H H CM CM H * a) > *. S r-< 0) g * PI •H j> CM 4-> d tfi cd o H (D 2 £ rH o S u OJ •p rH •H s al •H o« fT O X> -P o3 u rH 4' i — ] E-i a) O p -P 05 • 6-< << •3 <1) 6p (!) tn ■d -d 3 u o a o a; d O p o i ft. k CJ K a E-" K O CM 9 o o fa o to H *1 O CO o EH CO o CM rd bfl O ON H ro H ■s E-i g LO.) Ill NO o rH CM CM UN H « NO MJ On UN On r- r «N •* <•> n •s «\ 1 -P H 3 ^ § no t>- UN rn t— vO UN CM t^. rl O n CNI CO H O O vO H »■ — ON H a CM CM O (0^ CM -P O 1 O rH H EH ^ Sn ,— •> °^ n~v **>, t*- UN O ^t UN ON o r»N rH o r— r>- (^ UN ao q un El rH <*> CO CM -3 r -^3 u\ UN C*N CM r-i rH UN n CM rH UN rH P ■ji H ^-vCO O c~\ CM UN XA m CM UN • CM d " •">- On r- on eH O- NO CO On UN ON CM CM r>- O- • O On a a . •V •» fa C\)w J5. "rH CA r*N "~^ -^ CVJ On -=t -^ tt ON C^- NO o i -1 0°V On o CM l>- CN rH ^■JU On -=f CM r— CM r- r>- UN *\ •\ «l •> «\ ^ •\ NO +3 CO j3 t— • UN C-- H CM o H NO O^ CM MD NO ON EH 1 — 1 o\ co CO o U\ f^- r— O ^- a Sh CNJ ON On u\ UN c^- UN CM • o un co ON rH H CM cr\ *%-£ rH fa rH 1961-65 Total . (6) 9 ^ rH to O cr\ NO CM On H 6 On O 3 UN CO UN co NO C\ O m a NO H NO H H CM UN *\ H H en H • ITN H vo^ • omt\ un CO UN r*"\ On ON CO o- NO 3 r-l c- On • CM UN r*N nO UN •> ^-vCO CO r ! -=t CM MD ON CM H • J" 9 o00 CM On H UN co - HVO--- -^ CM UN CM CM • ON J- 3s H CN r- t>- • ON ro 3 a «\ •» •\ Fp r+w H CM CM • ^.UN -=r CM Cr\ CM On UN m co • C\J d • o a o^ CO C— CM CM rH CM en JhVD'"^ rH r— H O o • ON CM ^1 a •» •t f*« H w CM CM ,— ,CM CM On CO On O oo CO • H cj .CO NO On UN H rH CM ^^T a o°o H C— rH 1 O O • ON H a a ' »N •s fa H w CM CM H crj s • U ^J d • !>5 -P •rH •P d Id CO d ri o u ■d °8 r? H O •rH •P o8 1 O EH O •P -P 0> » •rf, ■3 tn d) w 0) •p ■sl fll T) fl) bf) «d M 01 bn d 1 U O s -rJ d p O 9 rl r~l P4 K O K o H « a si p 3 a 8 p Ffc 2 01^ 55 S g § s o § Ed s r R 22 § S a R r s i-t 4 -er- R s R to R R 0 = u s 3 °- a o S3 IS ■8 £ « 1J dH lb o CL 'Si c 0 k UJ «8 tn '5b < 'C D O NEW MEXICO AND OKLAHOMA The Bureau of Land Management administers 14„3 million acres of public land in New Mexico and Oklahoma<> The land in New Mexico constitutes about 19 per cent of the State's total land area« There is only approximately 36,000 acres in Oklahoma and administrative responsibility for these lands is consolidated in Tfafw Mexico • The population increase expected throughout the Southwest is expected to have a substantial effect on the public lands in New Mexico <> Bureau programs will be designed to develop a public land pattern and level of resource management adequate to meet these expected population needs 0 Predominate among these efforts will be a continuing program to rehabilitate range lands and control erosion and sedimentation in the Rio Grande s San Juan, and Pecos River watersheds o Lands First efforts during the 1961-1965 program period will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer process to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which will require from one to two years for action after this control is achieved,, As soon as action is completed on pending application, efforts will be directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau 0 High priority will be given to investigation, classification, and development of appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive and extensive recreational use<> A concurrent high priority will be given to land adjustment exchange efforts in advance of range adjudication and range improvement activityo Isolated tracts which are not required for any public purpose or use will be sold as soon as possible o By 1980 approximately 2<,4 million acres will have been included in this intensive investigation and classification process*. Between 1980 and 2012 previously made public land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted to meet changing public needso Some of the areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands reach maturity 0 Throughout the entire program period land activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted currently . Withdrawals 42 will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management Minerals Major increases are expected in applications for mineral patents^ in the issuance of permits and leases » and in the sales of non-metallic minerals such as sand and gravely caliche, building stone9 and pumice<> The increase of industrial activity in the state will probably add to the already high level of interest in available public domain that contains mineral deposits o Mineral production in New Mexico was valued at $559 million in 1958o Range Management The public lands in New Mexico have been subjected to more than 300 years of unregulated grazing use. The character of the soils and the climate have joined with heavy use to produce a complex management and rehabilitation problem<> The long range program for these public range lands recognizes the need for increased range use supervision of small livestock operators to apply the techniques and realize the benefits of good range management o By intensive management much of the public land can be restored to reasonably good condition,, While controlling water runoff and erosion damage 9 forage production can be increased from the present 2 9 21? s 000 animal unit months to 2 9 771 » 000 animal unit months by 1980 and to 3& 326^000 animal unit months by the year 2012 „ Grazing receipts are expected to increase from approximately $470 9 000 in 1961 to about $3 , 000 , 000 by the year 2012 . Wildlife and recreation use of the public domain" is expected to increase as the program advanceso Provision is made for greater participation in game management and recreation activities <, Range conservation and improvement practices emphasize range management, water control with detention and diversion dams9 water spreading 9 reservoirs 9 and pitting and furrowing comprising most of this worko Brush control 9 range seeding 9 and pest control will also be involved 0 The cost of the total range conservation and improvement program for the state of New Mexico for the 52 year period is $128 9 219 » 000 of which it is estimated that $18,87^ will be contributed by the range users o Forest Management Commercial forests on 90 9 000 acres of BLM land in New Mexico are expected to produce annual yields increasing from 2 million board feet in 1961 to 4 million in 1965 o More intensive management and protection will result in the increase » with harvests sustained at that level o 43 On an additional 2 million acres of pinion- juniper woodlands the demand for posts and fuelwood is currently somewhat less than formerly o However, as demands for wood products continue to increase 9 there is a likelihood that such woodlands will become economically valuable for pulp» fiber board » re sin , charcoal, and other product s<> Recreation Public domain lands within New Mexico will experience an increasing use for outdoor recreation purposes o The Bureau will make every effort to cooperate with the State, county and municipal agencies as well as other interested groups in making suitable recreation sites available for title transfer,. Furnishing access to these sites through cooperative means will be an important part of the program which will receive priority attention by BLMc Construction of recreational facilities including camping and picnic sites on selected areas will be effected on a cooperative cost basis with those groups receiving major benefitso An inventory of potential recreation sites will be maintained and BLM lands will be posted as public land where important recreational values are present,, The long range program for New Mexico differs to some degree from those prepared for other States of Area 3° Once the accumulated backlog of necessary surveys and resurveys has been eliminated it is believed that the cadastral surveys can proceed in keeping with current needs $ without an unusually great increase of funds or of personnel 0 Due to the generally favorable terrain in much of the State the original surveys were reasonably accurate*, In addition a greater amount of adequately monumented resurveyed area exist s<> During 1960-1965s the reduction of the present backlog is scheduled to be completed,, A substantial increase in funds and manpower has been requested for 1963-1965 in order to virtually eliminate all the accumulated backlog and still allow for completion of current survey needs o Surveys for identification of small tracts^ those along present river valleys s and the resurvey and monumentation of lands in unmineralized districts will be of primary importance during the latter part of the long range program <, 44 V) Z o h- < on UJ Q. O 2 to UJ H ■3 E-t *j o O -=r 1TV $ lA O O H --v O O OO H ON On oj a) *— ^o ^ OJ H -^J CM C«- U> 1 -P H o * •> »> •> «\ •V *\ H O H o« o On NO H CM CO vO B^- . ^CM H vO 1 r— 1 CO ON H r— CO H "" H •> 'C ■ oo O CO r-i CM CM OJ CO CM ON - in ■ ■ 1 OJ r^ o o f— /-^ •1 »> •* H H CC o * •» On en H r~- CO O P CT\ OJ C Xf\ vO OJ 1 "LTV | c^\ H E- -— ' r-7 —^O in -=J NO H CO o <5 r»- OJ CM CO XA ■3 M rH CT O m H CO cn o •> 1 •\ os • O *- •^ H m 1 »> O-i OJ H 1A 1TV ' in O .— >. 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' 8 « o 8 8 5 s £ £ tf 8 I 8 $ I 8 o § 8 R 9, R 3 3 I 8 8 3 q 0 = ? -S o .2 z u < m 5 w O * § 2 a- I ° U 3 -J -^ fe w u «i 5. LU o a: > o Ui otf u S Z b. w Sil 5 2 MONTANA, NORTH DAKOTA, AND SOUTH DAKOTA The Bureau of Land Management is responsible for the development and proper use of approximately 9 million acres in these States. These lands represent about 10 percent of the surface area in Montana. Approximately 350,000 acres are located in the Dakotas , and the three State Program is combined. The population pressures expected in the southwestern United States will not be so immediately apparent in Montana, but by 1980 they will have begun to assert a substantial influence on the Bureau's activity and the demand for public lands and their resources. Prior to that time the Bureau programs in the State will have developed a land tenure pattern and level of resources management sufficient to meet these demands and to thereby maximize the public returns from the public domain. Lands Efforts during the 1961-65 period will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process to minimize the necessity for rejecting applications which cannot be approved. Montana has practically no backlog of pending applications, so efforts can immediately be directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau. High priority will be given to investigation, classification and development of appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive and extensive recreational use. A concurrent high priority will be given to land adjustment exchange efforts in advance of range adjudication and range improvement activity. Isolated tracts which are not required for any public purposes or use will be sold as soon as possible. This should practically end the Bureau's administrative responsibility in North Dakota and greatly diminish activities in South Dakota and in many areas in Montana. By 1980 approximately 2.3 million acres will have been included in this intensive investigation and classification process. Between 1980 and 2012 previously made public land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted to meet changing public needs. Some of the areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands reach maturity. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted currently. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum reservation of lands in less than full multiple use management. 45 Minerals Mineral activity in Montana is expected to increase substantially because: (1) The State has large potential mineral resources, both metallic and non-metal lie s including some of the rare minerals are becoming increasingly important; (2) Increased consumption demands and predicted population increases will intensify the search for new mineral services; (3) Increased desire of legitimate miners to obtain title to mineral lands. Presently twenty- eight of Montana's fifty-six counties have oil and/or gas production. By 1980 , nearly all BLM land prospectively valuable for oil and gas will be under lease. Leased acreage will increase from the present 9.2 million to 20 million leased acres by 1980. As this activity increases there will be a proportionate demand on the Land Office in connec- tion with assignments extensions and cancellations of leases. Classification review and area mineral examinations will require periodic analysis to achieve equitable multiple use in connection with industrial developments, lands , range, and recreational uses. Mineral occurrences such as high content aluminum shales will come into production beginning in the middle seventies. Range Management The long range program for range activities proposes development of a personnel organization by 1965 adequate to meet the full program needs of grazing administration s range conservation and improvement, fire control and recreation. The objective is to manage and improve the public lands in Montana and adjacent North and South Dakota to obtain maximum conservation and use benefits. Forage production for livestock and big game is approximately 2 5 336,000 animal unit months in 1960. Proposed intensive management and development programs will increase forage production to 2.3 million animal unit months by 1980 and to 2.7 million animal unit months by 201.2. Grazing receipts are expected to increase from approximately $295,000 to $2.7 million by 2012. By 1968, the adjudication of grazing privileges will have been completed and the public lands divided into allotments. Extensive range management practices will have been perfected for each pasture and land treatment programs will be well under way to reduce soil and water leases and to increase forage production. Bureau participation in big game management activities will be materially increased and range management and conservation programs will give full recogni- tion to the recreational use of public lands. Land treatment and improvement will emphasize water management practices (such as detention and diversion dams, reservoirs, springs and wells, contour furrowing) pitting, range seeding,, deep tillage, fencing, and service roads. The total project program for the 52 year period is estimated to cost $25.2 million of which $4.7 million will finance maintenance and $1.8 million will be contributed by range users. Forest Management A modest expansion of forestry activities on BLM lands in Montana is programmed for the next five years. This is necessary to manage 580,000 acres of timber land from which 13 to 18 million board feet of new timber will be harvested, as well as fence posts, corral poles, power poles, Christmas trees, and pulpwood. Timberlands are scattered among grazing lands and are suited to inclusion in multiple use management plans. Lands now protected from fire under contracts with the State of Montana and the Forest Service will after 1980 receive direct Bureau protection. Reforestation activities will be aimed primarily toward areas destroyed by fire and insects which do not restock naturally. Stand improvement projects such as thinning, pruning, and fertilization may become practical by 1980. A modest road contruction program to assure access for resource management and public use will be commenced in 1962. 47 iO Z o I- < on UJ a. o l- 2 uj •8 3 Lo OH — o i -P H O * CO \-=S ON CNJ CNJ UN o UN CA ON CNJ -3 UN H O H O cvj vO t-o— -cm ON H H 00 CO «"A o 1 CM ^o 1 3 CO O 1 A H H H H H Cti O * o o H vO CO 1 CAI NO 1 On CO 3 CO CNI CM CO men O h 7^ o- r— On CNJ NfT t-- NO CO ^^ M h a . o — .8° cj o o o\ rn nO NO -^t o H CV1 H •> CNJ CNJ •> o 30 d 1 Ct} o Sc o p NO On r- NO •\ »» •\ I CNJ O CM |ir\ ^.^ 1 M^-> o S o S CO o o 3 3 5 H -pVO o o ca o- 1 CNJ 1 co H NO O--' •> ? •1 »\ •> ON EH H H co CNJ OA H CA -^ <■-— . • UN o 9 p- o H NO CM NO >H VO^ o S r— o Hi ON H 3 • ON ITN o ^ NO • -d- t H o Pn H-w H ON o oo -^r o -d - — fA 1 ' • • o H • -=f o o r— o 1A f~ H H ImVD'- O CM NO I -3- 1 H UN • On-4- •N •» •t fe r-fw H co ON fo2 o o o- O CO UN • rn o O t- o 1 ■M 1 NO H CO UN • on on •s •% *y Pm H w H o- CO (^s • CVJ °,Q UN Q o *A !>• t>- • ON CVJ OVA O rH vO o CO I 3 1 » H NO Pm H .w H NO ^•»d "o o CM o rA o NO r-J •ONH O UN O r-i NO o o 1 rA 1 UN H O CO ptiHv— •\ •\ 9\ H vO NO (/) _ttJ "to 01 CO 12 • TO s s XI # & e<3 E co w u w a; o w u K 5> o 1 M w u 9 Du o W c o w 1/3 G e o u c w TO cu ^> 3 TO _ a» to — ( (1) TO C (LI (U s H >, n CQ w o o U tJ c TO CO "to to M UJ JQ g a. '5 CJ «j K in a 8 c TO < o 1/1 w tt) *-* '^ N u M U C/) cu 0) ^ 1 c .So a o 4) 6 o ■ < CD 0) CJ to Q) ,u -)■> o H on aJ n o O H o t> cm l> -* sO c- v£> ■st oj cd <■ — > o »» •> •\ ev •l •i *s •» •> 1 +3 H rH O H o rH 3 3 sO 0^ -4 CO CO H rH in CO H VO E-"— ' ^—^ ON H vO O ct5 ^ IT\ in O o in ^ -* Os t> ,_-^ s rH in in 9 $ E >n o © oj p o O »» •V #» •» *> • •s »s •s i O H rH H^-' O O H o CO c- OJ vO CM OJ OJ 3 3 rH vO "nJ" fc rH r*i r> ^O OJ CO sO vO 9 ON £> ^7 o £ >H rH^ O O o cm in rH in •l • o on O H H CO CO fo OJ-^ H H CM to t> «d rH o O o O ' N WO j> C- £ CO CO Q> vO m ^^ o CM CM OJ o ON vO NO CO o •* «\ ♦> «\ » n *> m NO -P 00 o On C^ ON H in C> •^ -4- <.o O ' rH OJ - -41 OJ NO OJ t> & in co a ^<5nP O O 02 -4- Pm H^- H 3 o CM in H -P VO NO Ov_^ o" o o •St •> CM & CO ol ON sf vO CO H J> vO Si OJ o H CO ON CM PI £3 ON Eh H 5 H & r> in l> Nl> OJ UN OJ c- °^ E-t *\^* in cm CO a iTi H ON >n ■ CM ON * • ON in o H H OJ CM *— ' sO o o u-» CO 8 © O CO CM rH OJ OJ o in CO * o o tf\ OJ OJ OJ H H -4" OJ • ON-=|- Pq rH — o H H Oi CM H rH en rH OJ IT in CO CO • on O CM in 8 m H vO H CC o ON 3 a • on no p<4 Hw o H H cm' £- t> rH c- r~ VJD ON a H • OJ MMD'-- O § »n H £ a n Q UN UN • • ON OJ Pc H-— O H iA H co H £> ! r- •^ CM vO O O a* in « lO H r~ NO l> CO CO • ON H P>4 H — O rH * rH . 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Si- ft P S sg 9, 5 8 w 0 J Tl o 1 ?! a Mo 3 o IS "* o .2 o- « ° O 3 ? "I CC n CD £ u § R P 1 « — 8 § 9, 9 3 8 '4 £ •£ u. ■8 i Si v»- p I CL ■a UJ «s O c < 2 II z < < O. ^ 8 £ SI ■o ft ft uj -c z u. z J 5 5 WYOMING;, NEBRASKA, AND KANSAS Lands under the administrative jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management within this three State area constitutes 17.5 million acres or 28 per cent of the total area of looming. Nebraska and Kansas contain only approximately 13,000 acres, and administrative responsibility for these lands has been consolidated in 'Wyoming. The public lands lie principally in the foothills east of the Bighorn Mountains, and in the southwestern quarter of the State, A transition from exclusively agricultural interest in public lands to one recognizing industrial and recreational values is anticipated as population increases in other sections of the country hereon more apparent in looming. However, most of the lands managed by BLM in Vfyoming will continue to be most useful for the production of forage for livestock, antelope, deer, and other wildlife, with increasing receipts derived from timber Management. The Bureau's program in "Wyoming will strive to achieve a public land pattern best suited to meeting the anticipated public needs, and to manage the resources as the public lands remaining under Bureau administration. Lands First efforts during the 1961-1965 program period will be directed toward achieving control over the individual title transfer application process to minimize the necessity for rejecting application which cannot be approved. 'Wyoming has a small backlog of pending applications, so as this control is achieved, efforts can soon be directed toward land tenure adjustments sponsored by the Bureau. High priority will be given to investigations, classification, and development of appropriate tenure arrangement of areas needed for intensive recreational use. A concurrent high priority will be given to lend adjustment exchange efforts in advance of range adjudication and range improvement activity. Isolated tracts not required for any public purpose or use will be sold as soon as possible. This should practically end the Bureau's administrative responsibility in Kansas and Nebraska. By 1980 approximately 2.2 million acres will have been included in this intensive investigation and classification process. 48 Between I960 and 2012 previous ly made public land tenure decisions will be reviewed and adjusted in accordance with changing public needs. Some of the areas not previously examined will be included in the intensive investigation and classification process as economic conditions surrounding the lands reach maturity. Throughout the entire program period lands activity that remains on an individual application basis will be conducted currently. Withdrawals will be continually reviewed on a selective basis to insure minimum recreation of lands in less than full multiple use management. Minerals Wyoming has long been a leading producer of leasable minerals such as oil, gas and coal. Metal mining in the State has been relatively insignificant until recently, amounting to about one percent of the total value of mineral production. However, the discovery and development of large uranium deposits has increased this percentage to k percent, and is expected to reach 12 percent to l£ percent in the near future. Wyoming's public lands are a major producer to bentonite, an ore known to possess tremendous reserves of gypsum as well as other minerals. Mineral production in Wyoming in 195>8 was appraised at $369s9385QOQ of which the mineral fuel group contributed $232sl;OQ,000. Possibilities for industrial expansion within Wyoming have a large potential due to the large carboniferous fuel reserves. One of the major problems in projecting the long range potentials of minerals to the expanding economy in the State is the lack of mineral resources classification inventory in relation to Federal Land States. For the anticipated demand beginning in 1970 s many presently unfavorable areas will need to be explored. The principal goals between 1966=1980 will be to meet public demand workload and remain abreast of added responsibilities arising from increased resource management and land tenure adjustment activities. Range Management Range management activities will be expanded to about double the 1560 level of operations by 1965 after which time the organization and program will level off. Emphasis will be placed on grazing administration. Adjudication of grazing privileges vrlll be completed by 1968 and the public lands will be divided into allotments to provide for their orderly use and the application of scientific range management practices. The program objective is to utilize the high production potential characteristics of the public land in Wyoming to increase 49 forage production for livestock and big game* The public lands administered in the State of \fyommg had an estijnated grazing capacity in I960 of 2955l5000 animal unit months. By applying range management and accelerating the range conservation and improvement program, forage production can be increased to 5 s 103*000 animal unit months by 1980 and to 7,65>l*sOOO animal unit months by the year 2012. Grazing receipts are expected to increase from $£111*000 in 1961 to approximately $7,655,000 in the year 2012. Soil and water leases will be reduced and forage production increased by applying an intensive land treatment and improvement program. Typical practices to be applied are brush control, range seeding, water control such as detention and diversion dues5 water spreaders^ reservoirs,, springs^ and wells5 pitting and furrowing weed and rodent control and range fencing 0 Fire protection will be increased to prevent further damage to the range and to safeguard investments in range improvement,, timber , and recreational resources. Increased attention will be given to big game management. Forest Management During the next five years forestry manpower will be devoted primarily to inventories and timber sales. By 1965 the 1*53,, 000 acres of commercial timberland will be inventoried and the calculation of allowable sustained yield harvests will be possible. Sales of from 8 to lU million board feet are planned annually. New markets are being found for aspen and ledgepela pine timber and management plans will be developed to supply the needs. Acquiring suitable road access to Bureau lands in doming for resource management and public access is an increasingly important problem. Acquisition and construction costs are expected to increase from $1*1 ,, 000 in 1961 to more than twice that much annually by 1980. Protection of public lands in "Wyoming will be accomplished with Bureau personnel. Recreation The currently expanding demand for outdoor recreation on public lands in "Wyoming is expected to continue. The BLM's share of the responsibility of meeting this demand on public domain will be carried out on a cooperative basis with the State , counties and other interested groups. Obtaining access to public domain suitable for recreational use will be of primary concern, Also*, making suitable recreation lands available for title transfer to the State or other agencies or groups will receive high priority,, Construction of several recreation facilities on selected areas will be on a cooperative cost basis o Posting and inventory of recreational lands will be a continuing part of the program. Cadastral Engineering The resurvey of over li.5> million acres of public lands and the original survey of about 1,3 million acres are scheduled for completion during the program period, A considerable portion of this acreage is located in high5 rugged mountains 0 The survey of some of these rather inaccessible areas is proposed for the years 1961-1965. These surveys will be expensive and time consuming*, In order to accomplish work currently needed and to reduce the accumulation of essentially needed surveys and resurveys the work program will rise rather sharply after 1962 and continue to a peak in the intermediate part of the 1965-1980 period. Also in this period the need for surveys of small tracts, homesites5 and recreational areas will become of increasing importancec Semi-arid lands in looming which were surveyed in 1880-1890 will be of increasing value » It is anticipated that resurveys of this land will be of major concern because of the need to replace obliterated markers e A steady decline in surveys of all types is expected during the period of 1981-2012 with the chief need being only for those confined to surveys of high accuracy made for special purposes 0 51 CVJ s to Z O < uj Q. O r- Z UJ -S UJ O < z < o z~ < o _i™ ^£ 32 o a: u. 10 I- Q. 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T) CD bf) ci! rH in Wl d 3 O i •rJ O (1) d o P O 9 cv) p4 p^ U fS u EH « a CO R o $ R 3 § o R P -J R o a R R '2 ~ § 8 R g o " p R 3 3 R R R S 2?. 3 § § 3 R S 8? 8 R 8 R R i -* 3 a $ R O R o to a ^ D — 2 U < 2f 3 3 o ■8 S w u •- 1 in 2, '? H ■a < _ (v flJ H c en 51 < C D O Z U. D 2 AREA 4 Area 4 encompasses the entire State of Alaska. Major offices are located in Anchorage, Fairbanks and Juneau. Juneau is also the location of the Area Office. 52 ALASKA Of Alaska's total land area of 365 million acres , nearly 99 percent is presently owned by the Federal Government, Approximately 92 million acres , roughly one-fourth of the State's area, have been set aside for National Parks and Monuments , wildlife refuges , National Forests, oil and gas reserves and other Federal reserves under jurisdiction of several Federal agencies. Over 299 million acres, or 82 percent of the total land area, is under exclusive jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management. Of this, 270 million acres are classed as vacant public domain. Alaska's economy is growing. Population, now estimated at 210,000 is expected to increase to 500,000 by 1970 according to the Bureau of the Census. Further rise is expected by many to take place rapidly, perhaps as high as 1.5 million in 1980 and 5 million in 2012. The vast potential of natural resources within the State will support development of resource based industries which will provide job opportunities and serve to attract additional people to the State. As Alaska's economy becomes more stable it will be able to expand its road improvement and construction program. Improved roads will be a boon to the tourist trade of the State. An increase in the number of tourists will bring a demand for new and improved lodgings and recreation areas. Other transportation media will be expanded to carry visitors to the State. A small percentage of visitors will return to Alaska to make their home. Extensive research into all fields will pave the way for new industry, produce goods for local consumption, and export to outside markets, and provide additional income for individuals and the State. The next half -century of Alaska's history will be highlighted by the massive transfer of approximately IOI4 million acres of land from the Federal Government to the State of Alaska. This acquisition will allow the State to assume an independent role and will place it on a more comparable footing with the other U9 States. The State's selection of oil and gas lands, forested lands, agricultural lands and lands suitable for residential and industrial development will enable the State to realize revenue from which to build a sound economic foundation. The lease and sale of these lands will provide an initial income and, later, taxes will be a lasting source of State income. 53 In sranmation, the growth of Alaska is inevitable and the Bureau program will contribute substantially to the expected growth. The measure of progress made by the State will depend on the rapidity and completeness of the processing of selections. Only after receiving patent to the lands may the State realize sufficient revenue with which to carry out its program. It is the goal of the Bureau to see that the State receives these patents and to maintain and fulfill its obligation to protect, manage , and administer the Federal public domain. The BLM long range program for Alaska embraces three major phasess (1) gearing the staffs for the expeditious processing and survey of the State selections! (2) proceeding with the transfer of lands to the State and concurrent leveling off of other activities 5 and (3) stabilization of the organization which will manage the public domain remaining under Bureau jurisdiction after the selections are completed. Basic premises by these time periods are narrated below0 Short Term 1961-196$ Daring this period the State of Alaska will have set into motion its machinery for selecting lands. As the selection applications are filed, the Bureau must increase its personnel to adequately handle the job. Although necessary organizational modifications in lands operations to meet the increased workload have been largely accomplished, a slight increase in personnel and operating funds is needed particularly for the first part of the period as activity is expected to remain high. Based on experience to date, pressure from State selection applications result in an upsurge in other land title cases thereby increasing work in resolution of conflicts, contests and hearings. The anticipated increase in population will require continuing service to the public to meet the demand for homesite and industrial and agricultural lands. Recreational areas and facilities will also be in demand. Early in the period the Juneau Operations Office will be phased out as selections result in a transfer of an estimated 600,000 acres in Southeast Alaska which includes virtually all of the public domain in this vicinity with economic potential for the immediate future . The Anchorage Office is expected at that time to assume administration of the remaining public domain in the Southeast. Minerals activity, principally oil and gas, is expected to remain high throughout the period. Lands presently under oil and gas lease to be selected by the State must be selected by January 3» 196U° 54 Transfer of issued leases to the State will comprise the major workload* Estimated increase in mineral patent application activities together with continued high interest in oil and gas leasing will offset the segregative effect of State selections. Since increased staffing necessary to handle the workload will largely be recruited prior to the beginning of the period, no substantial personnel increase has been anticipated. The long range program for Cadastral Engineering in Alaska is based upon the survey requirements that will develop from three factorss (1) The State of Alaska will select about IOI4. million acres of land in the next 2£ years 3 and Congress, in passing the Statehood bill, has enacted legislation that requires the State selections to be surveyed before patent can issue to the State. This means that the survey program must be expanded to provide surveys of approximately k million acres of State selections each year to permit the State to obtain title to the lands selected during the 25-year pariod. (2) All valid rights within the areas selected by the State must be surveyed as isolated tracts and the area of these must be segregated from the gross area of the selection. This must be done before patent can issue for the selected area, (3) Statehood has and will continue to cause more rapid settlement and utilization of the public domain lands. This means a greatly increased survey program to accommodate requests for survey of all types of public land settlement claims. These three items dictate a program that will reach a 1965 capacity sufficient to satisfy State and private demands. The period l°6l to 1965 provides for a realistic and practical expansion of the present program to the required level of production at licit million acres annually in 1965, Any reduction in this planned expansion will create an ever mounting backlog of survey requirements o The program is developed on the assumption that most State selection surveys will be the exterior boundary survey of large blocks of land (in the 100,000 acre class) with monumentation approximately every two miles. The cost per acre for surveys reflect a decrease under that currently in effect for the total Bureau cadastral survey program. It is anticipated that application of new techniques and equipment, greater use of photogrammetry, and modifications in monumentation, marking, and other survey procedures, with respect to State selection boundary surveys, will enable reduction in the present Bureau survey cost per acre. In order to provide a basis for immediate land management the project of preparing protraction diagrams is in progress. This is scheduled for completion in 1961, To adequately protect the 225 million acres of forest and range land in Alaska subject to recurring and devastating fires which have burned an average of over one million acres per year, an increased fire control program is provided. This is phased to a realistic expansion commensurate with increased population, road development and importance of forest and range resources to the developing economy. 55 Increases in necessary personnel^ operating fundss equipment^ buildings and facilities are provided* During the period it is expected that the State will continue an agreement for BLM to protect State of Alaska lands 0 Although initially forestry activities ar> expected to slightly decrease as a result of the better accessible timerland being selected by the State 9 increased activities are to be expected in more outlying areas of public domain as transportation facilities are developed*. Use of public domain for grazing of domestic stock is expected to increase gradually as expanding population and facilities will enable local livestock to enter the present competitive market with imports. A program of identifying and inventorying potential recreation sites in cooperation with the National Park Service will be continuedo Withdrawal of strategic recreation sites particularly in remote areas not subject to State selection will be made. It is estimated that overall receipts during the period will increase due primarily to oil and gas leases e These leases provide more than 90 per cent of the income from public lands in Alaska. Medium Term 1966-1980 BLM will be staffed and equipped to smoothly process State /' selections. During this period the offices will reach their peak of personnel and production* Personnel requirements 9 however 9 will taper off somewhat toward the end of the term0 Land transfers to the State pursuant to selection applications should reach their peak during this period. Accordingly 5 other land title cases will increase as settlers endeavor to record settlement and perfect title. Contest and hearings activity as well as trespass will become more demanding program elements „ Although homestead activity is expected to decline there will be a shift in emphasis in the small tract program and5 under the Recreation and Public Purposes Act,, toward transfer of sites for recreation in more remote areas » Assumption of broader lands classification authority will provide a measure of control over settlement in remote areas and land classification will be undertaken in advance of application over limited areas. Manpower and financial requirements will remain fairly stable but slightly reduced from the short-term period* The effect of State selections on mineral leasing activities will be offset by increased interest in new areas and no substantial change is anticipated in the mineral leasing program0 Validity determinations of mining claims are expected to increase. However 9 no substantial change in manpower or costs over the short term period are anticipated0 Oil and gas leasing and title transfer conflicts will constitute the majority of the mineral program. 56 Cadastral Surveys will be operating at peak capacity of kok million acres annually until 19 80 <> using the most modern equipment in order to keep abreast of survey requirements of all types and decrease any backlog of State selection surveys occasioned by gradual expansion during the short term period. Here again, it is assumed that surveys of State selected areas will be of large size. State of Alaska fire contracts will increase in acreage as the lands are patented. Specialized fire fighting equipment and decentralization will reduce the acreage of annual burn even with the expected increase in number of man-caused fires. Bureau buildings and facilities will be at the optimum level and the State of Alaska is expected to begin to take over some fire stations as its fire fighting organization increases. Forestry will continue its activities s though still on a modest scale. Range studies will be initiated early in the period to determine proper use and palatability tables and to determine feeding habits and range requirements for reindeer. Increasing effort will be spent in resolving wildlife -live stock conflicts. During the period a construction and maintenance program for recreational sites and facilities will gain momentum0 This will be in response to anticipated public demand through increasing population-, leisure time and high income «, The program is based on the premise that 2£ percent of the costs will be borne by BLM and 75 percent by cooperative means through the State or other appropriate agencies or groups. Operations in the Anchorage Office will be greatly diminished by the end of this period since the State will have selected all of the land bearing value of any type in southern Alaska. Operations in the Fairbanks area will continue to increase in importance and extent. Receipts in the Fairbanks Land District will continue to rise but those in the Anchorage Land District will probably decline. Long Term 1981-2012 Early in the long term period the State of Alaska will have completed its selections 5 thus creating a more stable workload situation for BLM, This will give each activity the opportunity to evaluate its operations and formulate plans for intensive management of the remaining public domain. Other lands will be in demand,, even though the State controls the most accessible 5 highest value lands. Due to competing demands^ the lands staff will be called on to carefully classify the remaining lands for their highest and best use. 57 Application control techniques will be used if necessary to issue orderly and efficient lands activity. The Bureau will retain a large acreage of lands with oil and gas potential which win sustain a high level of leasing activity. Much of the potentially valuable mineral resources will probably be found on public domain land and mineral examination and patenting will remain a significant workload. Following termination of State selections in 198U smaller program of cadastral surveys will be needed to accommodate the demand for special surveys and extension of the rectangular system to the year 2012, The population of Alaska will have multiplied manyf old during this period, creating an increased demand for recreational areas. Field personnel of the Bureau will actively seek areas suitable for recreational development. Recreational facilities will be provided by the State or local bodies through a coordinated program of State, private and Federal efforts. With improved transportation and increased leisure time, more people will be traveling to Alaska to spend their vacations, Alaska is amply endowed with recreational resources but must provide facilities which make possible their maximum enjoyment. In essence, the Bureau will examine the remaining Federal public domain to ascertain its highest use or the multiple use potential, and undertake, by coordinated effort, the ways and means of satisfying the demands upon these resources. Overall receipts will continue to riseP primarily due to expected Outer Continental Shelf leasing activity. The State of Alaska will have its own fire control organization and will doubtless assume the responsibility previously held by the Bureau under contract. The Bureau's fire control organization will continue on a high level, working closely with the State to provide all of Alaska wi&h an efficient fire prevention and control program. An extensive range survey program is anticipated,, and every effort will be made to lease all land suitable for raising livestock. An inventory of forest land and all land with potential for production will be undertaken by the forestry staff. Areas long denuded as a result of fire will be rehabilitated and put into production. 58 Z o r- < UJ Q. 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CM § id O^ 5sw o 01 3; CO Ck o Ox c C\ c\ CM C\ vC r- a. a i Ci o: P rl s O co r-t C^ CO < «4 H to oto as* sS- CM™ 8 s CM £>■ -4 9* c c IT 3 I «<1 CO °2 * 00 ITS O CO. CM P to U o (1) CO o a Si cc c\ v£ c- c\ CM If I Vf . c\ U\ cc (Mj ,;i o> in c: °3> Ck Bi ». ! s a rl a c\ ?' ir, ^C » I >. I a cf IT CO If vr CO I V Cf c\ CM CN vC < V ^3 CM CO a < > CO c^ CM >r < i r- < > CO IT CM a < i ir vO p o EH g o on w 2h hH 10 R R 8 3 to R en 3 o 3 S? o 4 8 o <=> ■4 H R < E R o 8 tf r^ 3 R ha cr " <5 £ ■S ES UJ e<3 O c < .2 1 3 z ° 2 S i- s o g EASTERN STATES OFFICE The Eastern States Office is responsible for the direction and operation of BLM programs in all of the public land States east of the Mississippi and in addition, the States of Minnesota, Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Iowa. The head- quarters Office is located in Washington, D. C 59 EASTERN STATES East of the 100th meridian there are 119,000 acres of public domain scattered in eleven different States. The amount in each State varies greatly from a low of 13 acres in Indiana to a high of 76,000 acres in Minnesota. Other States including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri and Wisconsin have public domain lands ranging from approximately 170 to 7,000 acres total within a State. These lands are remnants of the original public domain but due to small size and scattered character most of them can no longer be administered and managed economically by BLM. Therefore, it is in the best interests of the Government to transfer jurisdiction or title of ownership to other agencies or private individuals. In accordance with this general objective the long range program of the Bureau provides for continuation of the gradual phasing out of Eastern States Office land management responsibilities. Bureau responsibilities for administering outer continental shelf universal leasing activities will continue during the program period. This activity already is of great importance and contributes a major portion of the Bureau's annual receipts. Lands During the short term period 1961-1965 there will be a gradual reduction in activity as public domain lands diminish in area through transfer or title. By the end of the period it is expected that most of the lands will have been transferred except for the Rainy Lake withdrawn area and large isolated tracts in Minnesota. There will be about 75 percent reduction in lands activities during the medium term 1966-1980 as compared with the 1961-1965 period. Land sales, except in Minnesota, should be about completed by 1980, although color-of -title , newly surveyed islands, and other omitted lands may require some examination and adjudication action. Discontinuance of land activities in field offices is expected by 1980. Remaining land activities will be handled by the Eastern States Office in Washington, D. C. No land activities in the Eastern States are anticipated beyond year 1980. At that time the only remaining land will probably be about 32,000 acres in withdrawal status in Minnesota. 60 Minerals Mineral leasing on the outer continental shelf is expected to continue throughout the program period as the major activity of the Eastern States Office, although income from this activity will decrease from its present high level. Leasing of acquired lands for all types of minerals is also expected to continue at a relatively stable rate. Forestry During the short term period 1961-1965 timber sales on the Rainy Lake withdrawal in Minnesota and other large isolated tracts will continue as on the current basis. Sales will diminish during the 1966-1980 period due to depletion of merchantable products and probable land transfers. Average annual sale of forest products and probable land transfers. Average annual sale of forest products during this period are estimated to be 250 MBF of pulpwood and 150 M Christmas trees. No sales are anticipated after 1980 but adequate fire protection must be furnished as long as the land remains in Government ownership. Cadastral Engineering No change in special survey activities is anticipated through 1980. These include the survey of public lands omitted through error or fraud, and the survey of isolated island areas. The Bureau proposes within the period of 1966-1980 an aggressive office program to review the original public land surveys within the States under its jurisdiction to determine of islands or substantial land areas have been omitted therefrom. Appropriate field examinations and surveys will follow for any lands so disclosed. As the office procedures are a comparative process using reliable maps prepared from aerial photography by other federal agencies, the progress and timing of this program will be dependent upon the preparation and availability of such maps. It is proposed to accomplish approximately 15,000 acres per year through the short term period 1961-1965 and to continue substantially the same acreage of these special surveys each year until 1980. 61 By 1981 this review and survey program should bring to a near close the field survey activities and technical direction within this office Thereafter any further field surveys will be conducted by personnel of other areas made available for particular assignments and the technical direction of this work, together with providing staff assistance to the office, will be consolidated in the office of the Cadastral Engineering Staff Officer. 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