uw
iT ew ge aaupe xbes esr Tous
> Lie ate at to laste ee
* ugly Wie aee crea
P|
slash « Hae t
j > |}
*
J i
i 9
al
1 the
6
iv
la
.
* *
fant ie
.
‘ :
4 . ‘ te
Pa
oY t78 petq spite witol eaaat
ie lua ee unuel ectertvn sae ra ui |
‘Order Gymaos tona ta: -
r | .. | Mouth round to slit-shape: closed. Without
uadulatiag membrane. Cilia Surrounding mouth somewhat modified.
Pharynx, if developed, never ciliate but eenerally provided wit
‘little rods.
: Family Enchelina:-
ssiort to lone forms inclined to bilateral]
ee Muth always terminal: usually round, sometimes slit-like.
| Pharynx, if developed, a Strai cht tube directed. posteriorly; ei ther
short or lone.
Subfamily dOlophryina: -
Whole surface evenly ciliate, that
around tie moutr beine sometimes muci larger. Toe cilia is ocea=
| sionally limited to tre anterior half of tie body.
Genus ASQVI. ‘Enchelys:-
et ee ee ere ee wee ee
Small, wita anterior end decreasing
7 S: i. 2
20 size to form a neck-like proloneation. Posterior end rounded.
..
| Anterior end truncate and Occupied by the mouth, which is usually
| Surrounded by a Sphincter-like lip. Cilaa short and fine with a row
| of larcer cilia around tie mouth.
Subfamily Colepina:-
Peet! Pe Peta:
body short, shaped like a small barrel.
ae anterior end broadly truncate, and wiolly occupied by tie large
ith opening. 11e€ mouth ig surrounded by a wreath of larger cilia.
Ite rest of tae cilia is ratier scattered or confined to tie left
| Side.
Genus XXVIII. Coleps:~
-—--— = —
a Mane o ta aos
.%
| " Body barrel-shaped to somewhat flat-
a ned, and generally a little curved to one side. Posterior end
|
i
rounded. Anterior ua broadly truncate, wiolly occupied by tie mouth.
GLa iit-ea mn «a
sf bet 1806 (20 LTA aay. 1S
"~
‘ r ar
Meentamar gee
oS mt | val geek
- ee pert:
it SEAS. oe mee
= ie
/ z 4 0
¥ } Pal
i Pi ’ \
he 5x
ue ;
} ep.
F 3
‘
} '
<
t
4 @ wetetatic? 2 ie eee
= - a
ae get Me eae
mand ‘ae -
“ah
Py but slichtly resistant. Simple contractile vacuole subterminal.
ves quickly, rotating on long axis. Shell made up of small. pieces
OwaetoOeetaer, wiici are arranced around tne body in four chief
| eircl es.
Re PP Ec wine wis olen es eens en hirtus. Bl:
q
U000(@Eeeec Toe ey fF tsk Ree
‘a
iz
Family Trachelina:-
| Body either bilateral or asymmetrical.
o Po. ES, ;
Seenoom twisted. Stronely compressed laterally and witn left side
la :
more arched tian right. Tne mouth is either a lone slit extending
|from Siemomtertor end posteriorly, on tre ventral.side of tie pro-
| jecting process,or only a slit-like or round opening at its base.
| Pharynx lacking Giecherd. Cilia recularly distributed, or limited ta
| the miat Pight side.
i Subfamily Amphileptinae: -
| The mouth always lies on tre convex
|veatral edge of the snout, waicn is. bent dorsalwards. Sometimes it
fi
as a long slit: sometimes a round opening.
Genus ZXXVIII. Amphileptus:- —
et ee ee ee ee ee
sac-shaped wita snout-like pro--
mecti1on anteriorly, and senerally more or less compressing tne ante-
rior end. Contractile. Tie whole snout edee encloses a lone slit-like
5
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
pou ta. No pharynx. One terminal contractile vacuole, or numerous
petered ones. Irichocysts sometimes in tie snout end. acronucleus
JbilObed or in four parts.
One Species ee ere eee oece eee ew eee eee es wee eee Avs auser. See
ee
Genus X£XX x. Lionotus:—
ee me
Comtraetile: shape essentially like
mb Lepuws, though usually longer and with a much longer snout.
—S ee Oe ee
de strongly arched . The snout and the body edges always compressed.
|
jltouth as in Amphileptus. Trichocyst® alone ventral edce of snout.
le eed
be ‘hall +b
sr ee ace rite tree 7
| Ter hat deit tue SG0ne sll tet ra ah
ny Ge east BF ty att
Along tie mouth edge there is generally a row of large cilia, waicha
| forms a sort of adoral zone. Contractile vacuoles, one to many.
| Movement, sliding and swimming. Macronucleus bilobed.
2 fatieresiou Saort, OGhtusely pointed .Neck region less than
Srey iie, wody eNO TIR. ... 5... 2.2220 L. fasciola. S05
Mie weneti OF ntie-body......-..-..- *.Lie wWhzeSsniowskitwos ae
— — ee ee rs
Family Chlamydodonata: -
Oval to kidney-shaped, never very lone.
| From rather round to flattened, dorso-ventrally. Mouth always far
‘| toward tie anterior end, sometimes in tie middle of tie ventral side,
and sometimes placed to tie rigat or bert of tae middle. Pharynx
| sual ly wita rods,, but Sometimes it is a smooth tube. Usually gorged
with food.
Subfamily Nassulina:-
Round.or.a little flattened. Cilia
| on all sides.
Genus XL. Nassula:-
9 hee nee ee me eee
Flexible to somewhat contractile. Ege-
| Shaped to eloncate: sometimes flattened dorso-ventrally. Ends equally
| rounded. Mouth ventral, some distance from thé anterior end.
| Anterior end bent a little to the left. About tie mouti is a row of
} strong adoral cilia. The remainder of the body evenly ciliate. Stria-
‘tions delicate and weakly spiral. Mouth circular and pharynx
| rodded. Pharynz Usually Extends to the left and denusaiiv. Contracts
| vacuoles changing: sometimes One in tie center of tie ventral Side,
| sometimes as many as four, some on tre ventral, and some on tie dorsal —
a et
side, Usually a complete coat of trichocysts. Colorless or cotored
| red, blue, or brown, by pigmeat. Macronucleus spherical and centra).
|
_ One spe@ies....... ae ed N. rubenas. 35
SS
Th ee &¢ Oru (
7” al el
| ee. >
or |
i! Jeyesat, . snmt feta ty 49/1
wy eet een Tes BOP eal ,
é sfe er ve ' oT -
a
Pres
i
if
ine J 16.90?
seen, oe |? Dey meee & ae
issiiey ore Se) @2 lies
Ree iebak
Be ii al ees is. wg
, Nodes a eiaiens «5 .
ae 7 &
bP at ee
Subfamily C1ilodontiaa: -
Stronely flattened. Cilia confined
to ventral Side or else muca larger on ventral, than on dorsal side.
| No distinct caudal style at Lie posterior end.
Genus XLI. Cailodoa:-—
' Persistent. ec =shape. Flattened dorso-
| ventrally. Anterior.end bent to tie left in ratirer pointed beak.
| ventral Side is slightly concave. Posterior end broadly rounded,
“surfac € finely striate lonecitudinally. Only tie ventral side ciliate.
Cilia thick about mouth, formine an adoral] zone. Mouth median, in
@aperior Malf of body. Pharynx rods well developed: straight or wita
‘ianer ends spirally rolled. Contractile vacuoles varying from one to
| Many, increasing in number with size of body. Macronucleus oval,
| ceatral. |
eee so As oe ocpge ste aie ee slo Ceecucniia hus.) eee
Order Irichostomata: -
| | Cilia of the body of very different kinds.
| Mouth, ae a rule open. Pharynx uSually developed: tubular and open.
Mareia Of mouth with undulating membranes which Sink into pharynz,
‘or pharyax provided with undulatine membrane, or with cilia which
may be derived Promine adoradzone:.. .
e Suborder Aspirotricna:-
More or. less ellipsoidal to kidney-—
hape: almost always distinctly asymmetrical. Mouth primitively
la ‘Tongi tudinal ventral Slits, but usually an oval, kidney-Shape, or
rescentic Openine, more or Less removed from. anterior end. Pharynx
lis @€ither not developed or is a regular, rather long, smooth tube.
PI haryngea] rods never present. At tae edge of tie mouth opening or
Jin tire pharynx is one to two undulating membranes which move like lipsd
| | which are not evident ia smaller forms.
Mouth in anterior half of body. Pharynx
|
I Seiner Scarcely developed or short sac-Shaped. Undulatine membranes
jj
prener at the edges of the mouth or deep in the pharynx. Feristome
| field leading fo tie mouth, lackine or Only poorly developed.
bi.
|
i
fenus sul. Claucoma: =
EBee-shaped, rounded posteriorly
aad Beiutle pointed or less round, anteriorly. Dorso-ventrally
| Peete ttencs. Finely and evenly ciliate. Mouth ventral, near to ante-
eens at Limes Shoved to the right. Anterior end sometimes curved
foette rieht. Mouth trianeular to half- moon-shaped. At each edge of
mouth: a Strone undulatine membrane, the two beine unequal. Pharynx
Mardly evident. One dorsad contractile vacuole, céntral or sub-
PeeiiiaieeAt tLimeS, a thick coat of trichocysts. Movement rapid aad
meeady: Sometimes gliding Onvventral side.Macrcnucleus round, central.
Bre OU ee Mee ts waves a 3.9 Ss GC. Serntillans. a7
ead
Gomis xuLil: Frontoala:
ee et ee ee
Elongate cylindrical, with evenly
rounded OF somewhat pointed poles, the two differing somewhat, at
| times. Sometimes a little flattened dorso—ventrally. Somewhat con-
| tractile. hve lly ciltate and regularly striate. Ine laree wide open
| mouth in anterior half of ventral side is an eloneated: oval shape.
| % tre left side is fastened one undulatine membrane, which may cover
|
|
| little differentiated from tie body cilia and whose lively motion give
sthe whole mouti amerim.. On the right edge of tie mouth is a small
trichocyst-free field, upon which is a row of cilia, which are a
| then tie appearance of a second undulatine membrane. Pharynx little
| develoy, beh: Usually a oUlplete cOat of trichocysts. One-or two
|
| Body colorless, or screen from Zoochlorellae, or brown to black from
et ee
-picment.
Pentractile vacuoles oa tie right side. Macronucleus oval aud central.
Une Species’. Ja... hy A eater oe eee nacuni nate. O86,
ee ee ee
-7h@ Tara “oe Piccterst
| yy
+ > Aa eet 4s “welts b
Tm! Bin
S ! > TBA (. é
1
v2 ee ; Pil & fee
ay
4 on ia b's ; | a i A
iy: . ; ‘ Rive
ull hie sr be eta! mj eob* bop ekt be
_,» Genus LIV. Colpidium:~=
‘Oval to kidney-shape. Somewhat
Pioxiy. miterior end not so broadly rounded as the posterior end.
‘iow th Pemeererior Nalf Of body.in a. transverse depression upon thre
} entral Side; leading into a long, tubular pharynx; mouti triangular
Jor erescentic wit) two undulating membranes. Tne rieht membrane
| extends far down Pimoettespmarynx and appears to. be fastened to its
| anterior or dorsal Wall. Siriations in front of mouth twisted to the
doiert, fecisteuione Of time right side run obliauely from right to
Piert. Onercentral or terminal contractile vacuole. Macronucleus
| spherical.
| Jods) SI GG oN a ara eae Cancel pedan Boke
Family Paramaécina: —
}. | Moutna sometimes in anterior, sometimes
Wiu posterior half of. body, wit a triancular, flat oral groove extend-
ing to it from tie left anterior margin. Pharynx tubular, rather }ong,
} wWita longer undulating membrane or corresponding row of cilia at-
| tached fmeraorsal Wali. Cilia thick and recularly distributec.
Genus xLV. Paramaeciun:-
ot ae ee oe ee = — one pew hee ee
a
| lexible. Longer than broad. Dorso-
‘ve entrally flattened. Ends rounded cr pointed. Mouth laree, oval,
eo te center of tie ventral side, with peristome field leading
sto et: from tie left. Pharynx rather lone with one undulating membrane
| its dorsal edee. Usually a complete trichocyst coat. l,or more
of ten 2, contractile wacusles. Macronucleus oval, central: 1 or 2
micronuclei. ; 4 |
| Me DSC LES ste Late cieeis a cis eae usyniata ae ee Bes caudatum. 60.
ee ee ee
Family Urocentrina:-
SiomtiMoin tie meddle Of tre vyentral.side,
AY *
1 Oh Ar Pew
!
r
'
7 ~
4 wTT) r
Me
lave 1
7 ‘ } ab aM
oO ef",
as
>»
al
ul *'¢
oo ae iF
%
d Mabe teapiiqe® yn cg ——_ eer in
~
to
io
two broad wreaths, one in the anterior and one in tie posterior
halt of the body.
Genus. XLVI. Urocenotrum:-
|
|}
| poled ples ert ce peor
| Flexible. Somewhat cask-shaped
ita proad rounded ends. A circular furrow in the equatorial recion
| Mimrch Givides the pody into an anterior and a posterior half.
‘The farce Oval Mouth lies in this furrow on the ventral side, and
from it extends a lone sroove over tie ventral side ar the posterior
Mali, tO te posterior end. Atoyé the mouth a circle of delicate
Siesurrounds the body. A broad wreath of strone cilia encircles th
) Ody in tie anterior half and another in the posterior half. Caudal
maerenoroject from tae ventral furrow Pharyuxs Lone, a row-of tamering
Meeeed cilia at tie ventral and dt 1a!
= Af
| J
i
diet et
mS | .
cts Ai |
en tl - etl Balt, g
j /& ee ' fhe “t |
ios | |
E
my pbane May be present at ire richt edge of the peristome. Pharynx
| x
| tubular.
Genus
e
On LAGS GE Aa a ge ee Ha. srandinella.
| —C« On ~— wae tad a
. a) '.- 2
p hited '
c 7 ‘ot Sf Saeeoe
colt (Ele tae
it (poad
bien ai ii 0S be nS oir
rt oO - eth
iJ J pte, 0a2 ait
Woe P80. liz 4 Uline 6) ey
AX,
fe
sisted) ti test ns OSeere
a
4
+ 1 . } oa
1 40.
aS
Daher have appeared and age sappeared in the aquaria tiroughout
Dae year. A collection was seldom made in which they were not
represented. schewiakoff ('93) reports this species from Asia,
Africa, Austrailia, America, and Europe.
oh Amoeba’ verrucosa Ehrbe. Pl WW, WFic. G-/7.
Leidy ('79) pp. 53-58. Pl. III, fies. 1-38.
This is a somewhat slipyer-shaped animal, with the broad, blunt,
thin end directed ahead. According to Leidy ('72) and others it is
Smaller than A. proteus. The most of those which I observed were
See ee —_——_——
Quite as large as ie pooteus «lire, protoplasm. like: that of the other
“pecies is Pe tchcoke: eolorless-and muca vacuolated. There is a
very Sharp distinction between ectosare and entosarc.
It moves ver. Slowly and does not put forth such distinct pseu-
G@opodia as tie other species. It rather exteads the whole curface of
ectosare and then Pustecr up, Inve, tt. It varien considerably in shape,
thouch owine to this manner of movement, not so much as the other
weesnucteus iS round and is venerally posterior and a little
to one igi Or tae center.
Mumenconiractile vacuole is usually single. I1t.is large and
Ound and is located posteriorly.
Its food CONSTSts Of aleac, La ee aaa One large eae
Division and encystment were not Bey
Like tne other species it has occurred and disappeared in the
etatory aquaria tiaroughout the year and has also, been found in
nost coll ctions. Sehewiakoff ('93) reports the species from Asia,
I
iy eer Ure (DSTE
‘? Shae gon je 2en 10 ae
‘eis Pier | tice
" , 4 i
~~, SLosos One
Bry ™ : atrods 2th
! ’ ji 1Ss = '
+ ew PTS, Throat ee
| ‘ve tee, Se
-
Thy ors
5
df
_
(éfonse: % ° MO Sb aia
- 1. a i lee
: ae what hontai x a
Atipbarets nt on
Wong pbag0sidi bolic! © see
184fG Tor Sic. sve teas ry
avnyoSo ter it sn kas a
(ae a, be voltae
ions cu") ic ey
win 52 3
els
bea, Australia, Oceanica, and America.
5; | PL. VAFig. I-26.
| eo evo upp. cesee. Fld, fies. 9, 10: II, 14-16:
VIII, 1-16.
= This is an elongated ovoid form when at rest, broader at the an-
s
da
a granular aad exceedingly vacuolated entosarce. Jhe protoplasm is
very MObile so that the animal constantly changes shape, muca resem-
dling
; The animal may have a great number of pseudopodia at one time
and exteadiag EREom any, part of tie ere nReLy althouch usually there
are but two or three, and these are mostly anterior or antero-
) dateral. Tne pseudopodia are never lone nor pointed wt are simply
blunt Extensions of tae ectosarc wit the entosarc running down into
Mem. They Serve for taking food as well as for locomotion.
ieee is one almost spherical nucleus toward tie posterior end,
al though Often this can not be seen in the living animal.
iMiewsontractilevacuoles vary in number. Sometimes there is, but
miewecna sometimes there are several. lhere is usually one large one
rd tie posterior end, and the others are scattered through the
toplasm elsewhere. They pulsate rather guickly and attain to guite
a size before systole.
| Their food consists priacipally of diatoms and otter algae.
Ihe fcod is caught. by the peeudopodia, the body is folded over it, and
the protoplasm ingests the part needed for food, then lets tne re
anne. WN ? SGORE Seton, .%
.° }2R0R Wee) .cz i:
Pe a
Wy
&
J
[hve8o Sree
si. { . ; sco raw
A
ay . 0) TSS
.y ; ; F- f : + iG ot A +f
. 7 - +
rth oad a ey ’ feo ht) Baro
j mer 2 -creliiceaie rege
Le Seals < 2am
Teoh . is B5My 1 b» , te) 0 SS eee ae
; sm = P rm 7.
3 i ‘ Mee 11a Tt bh S785 Le 5 rsdasaf >
ae ae
Eee ey.
7
1-9 Gi ei ou 114 SI
ri ah te, -ied ‘hh, mabOnobis:; oct ef tee *
ea > <<) eee
0 Pebdpe 5: 2) Sree :
7 - = 5, 7
riot, . ene
ong Eas. wap seen ine ae
| eps Je et
e)
"ae a .
: -
_ d lieu et 473:60-4, iq ’ : 7 =
ea cL
‘
ae.
This species has occurred and disappeared in aquaria in tie
aS h
Boratory throucout the year. In nearly every collection there has
—
Seeeteast a few. Leidy ('/o) reports it from the United States.
: 4. Pelomyxa villosa Greeff. PL.V/Fig.27 2a
eenenro pm. Cocoa hs Vs VIII, 31-32. Bitsenli ¢'80-S8)
Piterl lea file. Oe
A very characteristic form in the species I observed, was an elo
Sate one with two posterior horns. It is brown in color. The specimens
erved, by me were very small. It. is amoeboid in locomotion. The
Moearc iS a very thin film, and is thrown out at times for great
Bemce-. Ine eatosarc is very granular and very flexible, and is
not muci vacuolated.
eae necudOpodia Extended from all parts of tne periphery,
ut ihe most prominent oné were from tae corners. These were Sometimes
i
Very lone, being almost equal in length to the length of the body.
Q 1 menly .
mo cGOntractile vacuole was observed. Leidy ('72) says that
} They were oftei branched at the ends, and were extended and withdrawn
the contractile vacuoles are numerous, but: that they are small and in-
conspicuous.
3 ‘The thin ectosarc was thrown out around the animal and engulfed
maé and everything with which it came in contact, so that the
es were coreed with foreicn matier.The animal moved rapidty
evenly, With a characteristic Sidewise motion.
ani observed but two. This was on November 8, 1839, in material
Mean aquarium Started a few weeks, before from Crystal Lake.
Schewiakoff ('292) reports it from Australia and America.
5.Dinamoeba mirabilis heidy. Pl.vw Fig.29-I2-
. iehdy ce to) pe eee. “rte! Vie VIL, 1-Il.
is Miesanimal 1S Ovyate in form wien at rest,, but is very changeable.
It is almost colorless except for contained food particles. The proto-|
why
a
eq ral ow: - S 2eMspia 2 htegtaial
4121S ala nes PPh, GAGs
dl MSE Ted aU ih ys
SIRE TES pee ae eS actoiely
7 begaHy, fui ad its ie tye aah, rom!
aie acd Ket eer peNeaae
ae
on
agen os ys
45.
plasm is sharply distinguished into ectosare and endosarc. It is
granular and very mobile. The surface is covered with spicules which
@o not Occur on the pseudopodia.
Tae pseudopodia are uSually of clear. ectosarce and do not attain
to any great length. They are extended and withdrawn very quickly.
Both the nucleus and contractile vacuole were hidden because of
the sorged condition of the endoplasn.
Within the body were diatoms and many smaller food particles.
One was Observed taking a diatom. [It was first caught in the ecto-
Sere ajugd then in the: endoSarc, and .so passed in until it was all
contained within tne inner, body. While swallowing tae diatom the body
and thickening posteriorly, and then lengthening out again, until
at last. it regained its normal state. One gorged specimen was seen
exuding food particles from one side.
This Species did not occur in great numbers at any time.
One was obServed November 27, from an aquarium which had been about
the laboratory for over a year and contained material from several
Sources. Another was observed on January 5, 19C0O, and five more on
January 29, 1900, from collections made under the ice in the
Boneyard. Of these latter three were large ones and two were very
'small. One was observed apes Onnpril 2, 1900, from a Boneyard col-
lection. schewiakoft ('eS) reports this species from America only.
6 Biomyxa yagaus Leidy. Plsske Fic. 62-25,
Meld) foo eppeecel—257. Fl. XUVII;, fies. 5-12: XLVIII.
ints is a larce, colorless, irrecularly Shaped creature. |
It resembled a group of Amoebae connec ted by strands of protoplasm. |
It was constantly changing, however, some parts growing together
and others separating. At times the protoplasm would thin out So as
iol Ye? ese
Agieni’ ao ste Soo a
te
-*
a
*
*
1
é
Pie phAVan O8Se~ > tenis -. ie
’ A
heer ahl vissliteetti tasltales - 2
S172 UBT RANGES wath surs to qed
*
ww
16GTy) 21307 G8 Serescon . oe neta
foo. wh wlvoe 26 iqgtene eft eerk th) nee
— =
wy ~= pty
44.
to form aoles.
The pseudopodia were usually short and rather slender. They
were sometimes branched at the ends and formed a network.
The nucleus I did not observe. There were uSually two eood-sized
contractile vacuoles but sometimes three. They varied in position
with the change of siape of the animal.
Many, Naviculae and Bacteria were eaten. Associated with it
ee ee eon on oe oe FO ee ee et ee
were Navicula, Spirillum, Spirocheata, Actinoparys sol_and Amoeba.
I found, but one. This was on April 4, 1892, in material taken
from aN aquarium started early in January, 1999, from tne Loneyard
fear tie Neatine plant. It is reported and described. by Leidy ('79)
from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, while Schewiakoff ('93) reports
it also from Australia.
Pa ‘Arcella vulgaris Earbe. Pl. 4. Fig. J6>S 7
emi Vien, 1f0-175. Pl. ZXVYI3) XXVIII, 1-7.
Eutoewa s0- of) pp. 150. Pl. 11, fig. 2.
This is a circular disc in shape, when seen from above, and like
a concavoO-convex lens: from the side,. and is from a light to a very
sore eorown in color. Jnere is’ a central spot which is lighter in color
and which marks the place of the mouth opening. The shell is really
dome-Shaped.
This species of arcella_was not observed with sarcode extended.
Leidy ('79) tells us that the pseudopodia are digitate and that the
Sarcode mass is oblately spheroid.
The specimens which I observed were of such a dark brown that
both nuclei and contractile vacuoles were obscured.
The animal did not creep about while observed. One edge of the
shell is sometimes reflected back over the dome making the outline
Of the shell appear more as a semicircle. The food consists of
small diatoms and desmids
ae
we _
| La -@t SBan as
aa RA ae
gad afouda: act
: ce
4 4
a
“A
‘ic
fe bP
j
It occurred in material collected from under the ice January
29, 1900, in the Boneyard, and which had been Standing in an aqua-
rium in the laboratory. Schewiakoff ('93) reports it from As#a,
Africa, Australia, Oceaniea, eee and America.
Sey to) pp. 173-175. Pl. XXVIII, hes 4 a
This species, too, is circular when spread out, but it is not
SO thick as A. vulgaris. It is also a very dark, brown in color.
The sarcode of this species was extended and was colorless, though
more or less granular.
The pseudopodia are long, dicitate, and sometimes branching.
One granular nucleus was obser ved to the richt.
It occurred associated wita A. vulgaris. in material collected
from under tne ice in the Boneyard, January 25, 19CO. Schewiakoff
© vo) reports it ras from Australia and America.
. Difflugia _vlobulosa. Dujardin. PLAN Fig oo
leidve 7Ieepp..26-98. FL XV, fies. 25-51; XVI, 1-24.
pdS.1S spheroidal in shape. Usually the border of the shell is
smooth, but occasionally there is a conical projection. They are
light in color, some, being almost colortess. Many of the shells are
‘Made from quartz Sand particles but I found them in great numbers,
/ building shells from diatoms. Tne: mouth. is circular and subterminal.
But one waS Observed with pSeudopodia extended. These were
very delicate, pointed, and finally branching. |
[tiOccurred during the Jatter part of December, 1892 and during
January, 1900, in an aquarium of several months standine. Schewiakotf
('95) reports it from Asia, Australia, and America. Butschli ("80~'82}
gi
reports it from Europe.
fos
O)
10 Difflugia pyriformis ferty. PL ati Fig. 10-42.
Deere 70) pp. eo-1os. Pl, ar 41: XII, 1-18: XV, 32-53:
oi, oO; XTX, 24-26.
The shell is flask-shaped, with a neck-like prolongation at the
narrower end. The shell is uSually brownish in color and is made
up Of angular bits of quartz sand and some diatoms. It present*a: bi-
lateral Ssymmetry,.i.e., a-line drawn, bisecting the mouth and perpen-
@icular to the plane of the mouth, bisects also the fundus and divides
the shell into two symmetrical halves. The mouth is terminal.
The animal puts out very long pSeudopodia which move slowly.
They are round at the end and branched. The protoplasm is usually
Granular. dhe pSeudopodia extend far out and procure the fod,
which consists largely of diatoms and algae. It also moves by means
Of tne pseudopodia.
several contractile vacuoles were observed, but the nucleus was
not seen.
One waS Observed dividing. The sarcode divides by cross division
and the naked animal formed provides 2 new shell for itself. The
Old shell was quite dark, while the new one was colorless. The two
mere we Same Size, which Seems to prove that the shell does not
erow after its formation at the time of division, a conclusion which
enard ( elas receduly réatiarmed. | first found this Species in
uné, 1899, since when it has occulred.in nearly every collection
made and in aquaria about the laboratory. It was the largest Difflugia
ee © Se ee
largest species known. Scarewiakoff (193) reports it from Asia,
frica, @ustralia, Oceanica and America, and Butschli. ('80-'S9) |
from Europe.
‘lek
: wot a
iG sci
onus
at ata Z +‘
JO Sa x at 20> lea
1 + 74
ih ehoepyns D i210 ase
i [oe -ean eee 7. cw hve testen
Pyer Hho gw RY
; | Jatt Sens J orts o2B2 a!
, (OES SERA ele eet 7h ot -aad ,
. ji atic \wEkb 2 Wewkthiesy clreeces Ge ¥
«
™
ard iised wh betlossd kc /) ode sont ee
$i fs | OP See 7 -YIereiof et) aes hubds- shige ee
tem) soteis 1ST‘: vated faneotie , eee GO.
oa
rt ringer here. is..a clearer space im. taccecnter.er,. the. body.,.waich :»:roh-
Bory represents the location of the nucleus.
The contractile vacuole is sinele, although it did not always
reappear at the same place. It pulsates very slowly.
The animal moves slowly. At first one would think it was fixed,
, because of its easy floating: movement.
These were found rather abuudantly in a collection made Jan-
vary 5, 120C, from under the ice. It is reported by Schaudinn ('9¢)
from different parts of Europe, North America, and the East Indies.
oe —— Lm feos fer at amen att, eae ar hale
Kent ('S0482) pp. 221-222. Pl. I, fig. 30.
This was found first October 25, 1899, in a collection made from|
23. Mastigamoeba siamlex Saville-kent. Pl.x/4Fig.52-55
e
|
|
|
Sound +t Since , rather abundantly in aquaria about the laboratory but
P not in fresh collections. It is reported from Ireland and from Germany
l
ty
ti
-This is a small mass of protoplasm, which is amoeboid, i.e., |
constantly caanging in Shape. It is very small and almost spherical |
| when contracted, and is differentiated into ectosarc and endosarc. |
fit has both pseudopodia and a flagellum. /
! The pseudopodia are usually but two or three in number, and |
are generally directed backwards. They are exteiied and withdrawn
jouickly and somewhat reeularly, i.e., first:on one side and then on
‘the other. There is one flagellum, alittle longer than the vody.
mere agirected forwards and is in constant motion.
Taere is one contractile vacuole situated anteriorty, but tae
hucleus was not observed.
Teiound tais species twice, once in April, 1399, and again in
Marca, 1900. cota times, it occurred in aquaria of lone Standing
eecsoues not foul. It is reported only, by Kent ('SO-'&2). who worked !
in Englaad. |
24. ‘Cercomonas ‘typica pavidde-Kenthy Fl. AX, fic 56,09,
re me ee re me ree ts me pet me ee ee ee ne ce
|
}
Ment ('S0-"82)\p. 259. Pl. XIV} figs. 22-30. Butschli ('80134)
enol, rie. 12"
ia¢e is 4 stall colorless form, spherical when atrrest,, but
soft and changeable in shape wien moving. The posterior end is drawn
Out into a thread-like process.
OL
Thereis one flagellum, four five times as lone as the body
ave
diameter. It is very active, lashine in: food particles and assisting
in Swimming.
There is one contractile vacuole near the center of thebody.
|
I observed one in the process of division, which is a simple act |
|
of cross-division. After the two have nearly Separated, they are
come the posterior ro eees put this finally divides in the middle
a ‘they
(seit apart. | oF
|
connected for some time by the protoplasmic thread which is to be-
oO.
| _ This was found throughout tne sumer ane fall of 1899
i)
|
> in lavor-
jatory aquaria. It is also reported from infusions , by Kent ('80-89)
25. Stylobryon abbotti Stokes. Pl .Yxi,Fie. 60,
ae pee dhe aeee sees ome
prores’ ('SSB pp.. 79-81. Pl. eres Le.
The lorica is conical in snape and is about twice as long as
broad. Ine enclosed body is small and ovate and is attached to the
posterior part of the lorica, but does not half fill the lorica.
|
They form colonies, two crowine out from each precedine one. I did
mot find a colony containing over seven individuals. They apvear to
be Sessile on the antero-lateral margin of the supporting lorica but
are really attached to the iuner lateral wall by 2a short stalic
he primary stalk is about six times as fone: as a lorica’.
The enclosed, body has two flagella, one short one and one long
ome. The body darts forward and projects from the lorica and then,
it disturbed, retreats into the lorica.
laere is one contractile -vacuole posteriorly located.
These were found in April, 1900, in aquaria, attached to threads
26. Paramonas slobosa Promentel. “Fi. -Fie.
foie 60 — S20upe oie rl. AA, fig. I.
This has a small Spherical, body, is very granular, and quite
persistent in snape although slightly distorted when eating. The
Peath is large and circular, Situated at the base of the flagellun.
There is one long, actively vibrating flagellum, which lashes in
ood bodies and transfers them to the mouth openine at its. base.
The contractile vacuole is simple and is Situated near the peri-
phery.
They occurred-abundantly durine Septemver, October and November,
LIT TOGSee 3 7
Z 7 . abi
b _USTMONge..8
a
Ol
~
in aquaria which had been standing in the laboratory for. some time,
| It is reported from furope.
| <7 Anthopaysa vegetans Muler. Pl Aa i. 6/-63,
ae So- see pe eov—-71. Pl.- XVII, figs. 13-26;
Tite l-lO.putcsenli GS0-"69) Pl. xL1, fig. 5.
The body is irregularly pyriform and is truncate anteriorly.
‘| The zooids are erouped in rosette-like clusters at ine ends of gran-
| ular, brown, branching pedicles, which are arranged in branching
colonies.
There are two flagella attached at the anterior end and both
eeewaoerected fOrward. One is shorter than the other.
Miesnucleus iS situated a little. below the center.
There are two contractile vacuoles in the posterior part..
Sometimes the clusters or heads break loose from the pedicle
and then they go Swimming about rapidly and with a whirling motion.
sOmetimes, too, the clusters break up into Single zooids.
IT found these abundantly-—in June, 1829, in material from Crystal
Bake. In March, 19CC, they. became very abundant in an aquarium,
forming a thick brown Scum over the top. Iney are reported from
Europe, ASia, Africa, AuStralia, Oceanica, and America by Schewiakoff |
(195).
28. Euglena viridis. Ehrbg. Pl. auFig. 64-46.
Tei Geleppe ocl-ose. Pl. XX, fies. 29-51. Butschli
sveveomerts AyViL, fice. €.
Tiis is a highly metabolic animal, which is sub-cylindrical when
at rest, with a short, pointed, tail-like profongattion. It.is full of
ovate chlorophyll bodies which give it a green color. There is a red
pigment sPot at the anterior eid. Ihe surface shows a faint oblique
striation. Tne caudal prolongation is colorless.
The flagellum is Sinele and is long and slender
ae
|
| close to the red pigment spot.
and Europe.
/body is ereen. Tne surface has oblique rows of bead-like »; = places.
a
The nucleus is spherical and is centrally located.
The contractile vacuole is located at the anterior extremity
These were found at all seasons, throughout the year, in aqua-
Seeeeand if t2€]0 collections, even under the ice. It is reported by
schewiakoff ('95) from Asia, Africa, Australia, Oceanie2, America,
<2. Euglena spirogyra Ehrbe. = P1.AX¥Fig.67.
Sie coe. Fl. KX, fies. 27-28. Butschli
("80-'88) Pl. XGVII, fig. 9.
This is an. elongate animal, six times as long as broad when ex °
menged. [£18 slichtly truncate anteriorly, and at the posterior end
#S prolonged into a decided *tail, which is colorless, while the
There are two Oval amylaceous bodies located about one-third of the
way trom the head and from the posterior end of the colored body.
There iS an anterior red pigment spot. - . . |
The single long flagellum is directed forward and is very active,
The nucleus is spheroidal and is located about the center, be-
tween the two amylaceous bodies.
The contractile vacuole is anterior and is in close relation to
the pigment spot. |
These have occurred throughout the year in connection with
St mewieamnanwneseseme i -ceenencncoans
E. viridis and —. acus, but not so abundantly as *0°8®species.
schewiakoff('93) reports it from Asia, Australia, Oceanica, America,
and Europe.
30 Guglena oxyuris Schmarda. Pl.AxvyFig. 6s.
Poe Oe pie O80. FEC XX, figs 26.
This is an elongate form which never straightens itself out
_
-
Qi
is 6)
put is twisted spiraly. The anterior end is rounded, while tie nost-
| erior end is prolonged into a curved, abruptly and snarply pointed
| tail. Pe iS ereen in color and contains two elongate rectancular
") amylaceous corpuscles. The usual red pigment spot is developed in )
| the anterior extremity. Ihe surface is obliquely striate.
The slender flagellum is about equal to the body in length.
The nucleus is oval and is. located centrally, between the two |
rectancular amylaceous corpuscles.
The contractile vacuole is large and is located just at the side
Of the pigment spot.
I found this form but once. It was in association with the other
re me
of Crysial Lake the latter part of September, 1899. Schewiakoff ("23) |
reports it only from America, but Kent ('80-'82), who worked in
England has also reported it. /
ol Buglena_acus Eorbe. PL. XXWAFIiC. G67.
Pend (S0='S2) pp. 385-084. Pls, XxX, figs. 24-25. Batschli
meO="89).Pl: XLVII, fie. §.
is ‘
Body is elongate and very slender. It’ten times as long as
=)
broad and tapers toward both extremities, Tie anterior end being
abruptly truncate, wiaile the posterior one tapers to a point.
The body is green in color and contains many elongate rectangular amy
laceous bodies. A red pigment spot is developed at the anterior end.
The flacellum is Slender and is not longer than the body.
The contractile vacuole is larece and is. situated in the anterior
-end just, back of the pigment spot.
ee ee ee ee ee
Uceanica, and America, while butschli ('S0-'89) reports it from
Burope. :
.
a
:
=
Ay
. \ i 4
*
ty
<
4 r
: ~welhon &
~
«
T
A 2 ana ts 23) Fidhatence. opps
ngs thoes iy bene
cane puce ® fax rt ut Sthoter aif? set one =
mn maa ines cee
aw Becy
> a
's 2) suldael, itech oem
‘ ry 7
.
: ih Bevo al 2yaleonneee
#l i
ee a
— a + Al | «
.
Pe
he [
;, P
“) S== ze
2 =
\
—_
_ s
,
oth")
. ale of yf
: FS pil te feels
ohare 9d elias |
bin igo Gf eaeteral
mal bas | ’ .
wit Tatoaty at mm lieeal?
+9 inept an) 16 sont im
a
a5)
Oo
ve. Ipacnelomonas hispida Perty. = P1.XXWAFig. 76.
ment ©°S60-"S2) p: 590. Pls XXT) figs. 21-23. Butschli- ('&0-
gee FS AVI | fies 2.
These animals are provided with an evenly ovate,dark brown shell,
, ‘which is hispid upon the surface which also has a scarlet or crimson |
tint. At the anterior end is a very short cylindrical neck. The |
i" inner body is granular and vacuolated, and fills the snell save for
} a narrow border. There is a red pigment spot in the anterior end.
From the neck extends one lone Slender flagellum.
There is one contractile vacuole situated near to the pigment |
Spot.
| This species was Obtained durine the latter part of September,
eeeinea tow net collection from Crystal Lake. It is’ very cosmo-,
politan, being reported by Schewiakoff ('93) from Europe, Bere Aus-
‘tralia, Oceanica, and North america.
ve Iracelomonas acuminata Schmarda. Pl. Fig.
Peete soe pp etS91s4P1l kel), fig. 26. |
Thesiell is flask-shaped beine inflated posteriorly and with the
/pasterior extremity produced into acuminate tail-like process.
inesanterior end is. produced into a short, obliquely. truncate,
cylindrical neck. The inner body follows the shape of the shell, and |
mearly fills it. A red pigment spot is located in the anterior part
of the granular inner body.
The lone slender flagellum protrudes from the short neck. |
The contractile vacuote is located in the anterior etd close
to the pigment spot. _
I found but one specimen of this species. It was associated with
two. aispida in tow net collections from Crystal Lake , September 30,
1892. It is reported from Europe. |
ee. ae
t
OT 2 KYRA
61.
34.Phacus ‘triqueter Enpbes PF). kXviFic. 7/.
On Gy OF re oe ow =m Ow On On adh He ome See oe
em oO Se) pp. se7 i Plage fie. 1.
This is a flattened leaf-like form, with a ridge down the center
Of the right hand Side, with a pointed tail-like prolongation.
dae mouth is terminal. lhe surface is longitudinally striate.
| Itis ereen in color with a red pigment spot at the anterior end.
| There is a siugle lone flacellum, arising from the mouth.
|. The contractile vacuole is small, and located near to the “7
mp@ueam the anterior end.
ESS SE
penewiakoff ('935) reports it from Australia, Oceanica, pee and |
Europe.
On. eens oneicaudus Ehrbe. eaee Ph,
Pie isoaige) pp. 367. Pl. x41. figs. 647. Butsehli, ('S0=
189) Pl. XLVII, fig. 12..
The body is flatténed and leaf like in Shape. It is green and |
Contains a red pigment spot.in the anterior end. The surface is lone-
itudinally striate. Tne body is usually twisted more or less on its
axis, and has a caudal proloncatio which is long and pointed,
and which is equal to the body in length. 2. _longicaudus does not
‘have the ridge down the right hand side, is’ more flattened, and has
a much longer caudal prolongation than, P. “trioueter.
The flagellum islong and slender. The contractile vacuole is
located in close relation to the nioment spot.
I observed this ‘Species, but once, September SO" age. Lt was
in association with P. tricueter, Euglena, Hallomohas, and green |
‘ fee bay garters alent eta oe Or ee mE ee nm ee nee tee nme
algae. The collection was made from water bloom on tne surface of
Crystal Lake on a sunny day, september 25, 1892. Schewiakoff ('935)
reports it from Asia, America, and Zurope.
ee , S “ : i >
a s ¥
‘ y ' oo aa a ¥
> Boats fet
. ; = -_
‘. = f * » -@ cy = ge
wi tle KOtveipoeeee
> “~~
’ a@tisa tics on 5
: ; ts i a
i 62.
> waa rier aa XXIX,
ae: Petal none mediocanellata Stein. Fly. feos ves
S ceemedkeneimealiondieelieaeientioe dd Lee me re eee —
Rent ('80~'82) p. 371.. Pl. XE, fic. 3.
The body of this animal is ovate, rounded posteriorly and pointed
| anteriorly. The mouth is terminal and. extending, back from it in a |
| median line and almost to the posterior end of the body, is a groove
| @eecnannel: It is colorless.
Tnere is One yvibratile flagellum about equal to the body in
sleneth and which is very active, drawing in food bodies with which
eeecomes. in contact.
The contractile vacuole is situated in the anterior end, to the
left of the median groove.
The nucleus igs more posterior than the contractile vacuole and is
On the right hand side of the channel.
They multiply by longitudinal division. This process was obser ved
by me, and while dividing, the flagellum was very active in each. |
Proud: -i t in October, 1899, in aquaria in the laboratory:
schewiakoff ('93) reports it from America, and it has also been found
a Europe.
o7 aStaSia irichophora “hrbg. pra ate.
Weme © o0—" Ge) pe aro. Pl. 2e> fies. 17-214
72.
Maen Stretched out, the body, which is a colorless: mass of protdé-
\r
plasm, iS about six times as long as broad, broad at the posterior
€nd and tapering sradually at the anterior eid. The protoplasm is
homogeneous, containing many granules and vacuoles,a distinct
‘pharyngeal cavity, and a nucleus. It is extremely mobile and contorts
itself into unrecognizable shapes. | | |
The flacellum is fixed and is about one and one-half times as
long as the body. It wraps about food and draws it into the mouth,
whica is terminal, and which is succeeded posteriorly by a pharynceal
i : i
j c - ly c A, P
| « : ‘ yt as PROUT a: pas: ol
: - ‘(at :
a | a : a)
* 7 ; « i ¢ G a © ea 4 mae
; ; ‘
_
7
Oo ets las oie a beaten '
Aa e r% ie) | ) nt Of TT , n
; Th
oy a Loos 3 tive ang
¥
J ;
‘ af
a .
i
:
5 |
7 ~. a8 |
i
{. ?
¥
é
7 y '
\ F’ ; £
shy :
} ’ f od L 7"
‘. Pleodorina illinoisensis Kofoid Pl. Fig.
Kofoid ('98) pp. 273-293. Pl. XXXVI; xxyvIl.
his is an ellipsoidal eolony of S2, rarely 1c, cells and is
‘a ons tant. in shape. The cells are of two kinds, vegetative and
li tec n
zonidial. ‘The vecetative cells are four in number and are in the
as
interior end, peine always directed ahead. The cells are zreen.in
witn a reddish brown stioma in the anterior end of eac.
a
) Prat
nc el] nas a distinct cell membrane .
B mach | cell has two equal flagella, which unite with the cell
cae a
ee anterior end, adjacent #6 the stiema.
- The mucleus lies in about the center of the cell in the midst
| of a mass of protoplasm enclosed. by the chromatophore.
No contractile vacuole was observed.
The colonies moved by rotation on the principal axis, some times
Pight to left and sometimes from left to rent.
aay occurred abundantly in tow net collections from Crystal Lak@,
Kofoid im 159a,
(*
1899. This species was described by br. v. i.
weve
46. Platydorina caudata Kofoid. Pl NAXLFic. 77
Sy res eee See Sieg oe ee Se ee re ee eee ee he oe
"ofoid (19°) po. 419-440. Pl. XXVIII.
This is a flattened, norse-shoe-shaped colony of 1€ or 32
ane cells. There are tiree or five tails formed at the posterior
wy the extension of the common outer sheath. The colony is some-
times twisted about one-eignta of a turn from right to left. here
s »
is a a ae san in each zooid in the protoplasm at the anterior
- s
ae 7 ‘ " “-s . pep ena
Liethr ching G2 ee
a 7 - =
ay alias alt i Pi :
: ae oa
2.21 Oe Me rerio ane
. : rg
is
"
;
7 8 mit
| &
: iy 7
. .
: 3 : = a et
ier! Lk @ ae xis
; nie ‘eect B/ ‘am
eS rabbi et nf
i- fy La I : ang) a ae taf i”
We 2 <3 ee | | york %
- : bites)
abe) Nery riper eee a. bee
" yeh tin! ei Lindh
wre a
ais
tA : og he fy o
oo
Wea» 5d |
There is a prominent central nucleus, round in shape, and con-
tainine a central round nucleolus.
There is one small contractile vacuole situated a little poste-
rior to the pigment spot.
I found this Species abundantly in August, 1&9, and less abund-
analy in september, 1692. It was_reported, and described by Kofoid ('92)
Soreine first time. It has never been reported outside of the Mississ-z
ippi basin. |
47. Volvox aureus Ehr bg. Bae) Sue.
Monona (SS) pp. 427-426.
This is a colony of great numbers of cells, .arranged in a Sphere
or an ellipsoid. the cells are all connected ty protoplasmic proe-
cesses.into which the chromatoph*re does not enter. The animal moves
by rotation Oon_its principal axis from left to right, which rotation
ay be reversed occasionally.*Eackward motion is rarely seen and
asts but a short time.
This Species was abundant in tow net collections from Crystal
bake, August 5, 1699. It. is repor ted from Europe and America.
48.,Feriginium taqulatm Enrbg. Fl. Fig. |
Pate CEG. VEe op. 446-420. PF] ., X80, fies. 1+£ and - ff <£7.
Peiteenla { ECZEQ) Pl. LIL, fig.66.
The shell is a somewhat elongate ege-shape..the, body is divided
transversely into two almost. equal parts, by 2 ciliated esroove,
and the upper half is divided longitudinally by another eroove |
which is not ciliated, while the whole shell is irresularly crooved,
Mlarking it off into polygonal spaces. .The mouth is on the ventral
Side at the junction of the transverse and longitudinal erooves. }
ne shell is of a brownish hue and has a redpigment spot developed. |
.thnere.is 2 single long flagellum, which arises from the oral |
aperture.
fj o—_—
69.
c found them eee in September, 1899, associated
ted by ee ieiorrt: 93) from Asia, Australia, Oceanica, America,
and Europe.
49. Ceratium kumaonense Carter. Pl. XXXU,Fige FO.
ee ee ee ee re ee re ee ee ee ee ee ee ee
Kent ("80-'82) Pps 4oo.F). KXV, fig. 25.
The shell is triangular, having two anterior and one posteri-
or, large horn-like processes. These processes are produced from
the angles of the triangle. The shorter anterior horn and the
posterior one together are a little more than equal to the body
in length. The other anterior horn is about half as long as the
other two. They are all finely cerrate. The shell is divided trans-
versely into two equal parts, by ciliated grooves. The shell is
brown in color. The mouth is located about the center of the body.
From the mouth arises a single, long, slender flagellum,
which is very active.
They were very abundant in a tow net collection made from
Crystal Lake in September, 1899. They were reported in 1871 from
Hindostan by Carter ('71), and this seems to be the first report |
of their occurrence elsewhere. |
50. Enchelys’ SD. Pil Fig.
ee me ree ee ee me
This is a colorless, elongate, cvlindrical form, with the ante-
rior end somewhat pointed. It closely resembles Enchelys pupa,
but differs in that it is longer and more slender. It is very |
contractile, and its movements are manifold. The body is delicately
striate longitudinally. The mouth occupies the anterior end and |
there is no pharynx. !
The ates surface is evenly ciliate, but about the mouth the |
==
70.
ilia are longer and are very thickly placed.
The nucleus and contractile vacuole were not observed.
They occurred but once and then very abundantly for a few days
during the latter part of March, 1900, in aquarium started from the
Boneyard.
~~ en
51. Coleps hirtus Ehrbe. PL. XXMUWFig. SL BZ.
Kent ('80-'82) pp. 506-507. Pl. XXVII, figs. 3-4.
Butschli ('80-'89) PI.LVIII, fig. 1.
. The body is barrel-shaped,rounding posteriorly and about ‘
twice as long as broad. The cuticular surface is divided into
‘Many square spaces by longitudinal and transverse ridges. The most
of the specimens observed were brownish in eolem The cilia are
found not on the squares, but in the grooves between, and are
very active. The animal swims rapidly, revolving on its longi-
tudinal axis. The mouth is terminal, and is surrounded witi cilia
of a larger size than those of the general surface.
There is but one contractile vacuole, which is placed poste-
riorly and can not always be seen.
When this species was found it was usually in large numbers.
It occurred in the aguaria at all seasons of the year and was
especially plentiful in very stagnant water. It is reported by
Schewiakoff ('93) from Asia, Africa, Australia, Oceanica, America,
and Europe.
52. Amphileptus Yanser Ehrbg. PL.XxXANM Fig. %3.
~~ eee ee ee ee es
Rent {"30-"82) pp. 526. Pl. XXVIII. figs. 39-40.
The body is elonsate-lanceolate, pointed posteriorly, and
with a neck-like prolongation in front, equal to the body in lene th.
‘ i]
The protoplasm is very granular and very vacuclated. The animal is
a
¥
‘ The
is - ™y Aan ; pam <4
5
wi
Vier.
4 710q
: «Faring? age
7
: 7 /
a :
i i 1s ed bei
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: . a4 aT
otto | Sinai
102 | ‘sootounas
hte. ‘aoe ued woman
> a
> 7 am. i ft40% ‘Tetat
,
i eo
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fhed ut
‘
,
,
¥
re
‘ rd
5 “e° bag
KY eqn aft? wet
sitaupe spt at ber |
107m lulitmele vil
led ot? (8R") Vieee
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f
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tls |
‘| very flexible. The mouth is situated at the base of the neck.
| The whole surface is evenly and finely ciliate but the cilia
around the mouth are some larger.
The aeronucleus is bi-lobed and lies near the center of the
body- |
The contractile vacuole is garse and situated vosteriorly.
These were found in abundance in collections made from under th
ice in January, 19000; also in early March collections, and they
have continued abundant in aquaria founded from these collections.
It is reported from Europe.
ee
5S. Lionotus fasciola Ehrbc. Pik. Fig.
Kent ('80-'82) op. 743-744. Pl. XLII, figs. 5-11.
Paveenl 1 ("802"89) Pl. LIX, fig. 6.
This is a colorless elongate form. The neck, body, and tail
are not so sharply distinguished from each other as in Le wrzespi-
owskii, The neck is less than half as lone as the body, and is not.
so slender as in the other species found. It is set with tricho-
cysts along the left border and the cilaa are larger than those |
of the body. The tail is short, and pointed. The mouth is situated
at the left and about the center of the middle vortion. The ani- |
mil swims rapidly. It is very flexible but not contractile.
The single large contractile vacuole is situated posteriorly.
This was observed in February and in March, 1900, from mate-
rial collected from the Boneyard on two cold days. This material
was collected in February and remained stanHine in the laboratory.
Schewiakoff ('93) reports it from eee Oi nt ia. (Oceandicas Americas
and Rurope.
ry ee
Pe tk f4¢ Ad, oA
Co
y icin yim ve sad “onl |
‘Tetial Mie. rete gi
‘ so eer aaa
soe
ich eee oT | ‘
+ oftdonv va
‘i . ont ‘ i Gongs i- Toe ~€
My . ae Uimcinalys
| | « heunhtd
i} 702
x [th vl Qrene se
town onl @
Vedio off #f =e qaeba
wiod +tal ef wrote
a (Sante . (ies ast athe
“so ent Jdgeds itis etel:
ise at eb gir see
st ines vgtal etpate
ef Alvona y fet ae Nevregde eae “eu .
; ‘one OD Oe. a : ‘ od 22 Sort berustt
‘fii-ah wl tina se Renliee: Ane eran det ah
anoQ + ei Tee saes eer | # ) straddle,
; nd =
a
T2.
'Y,
Pic. Su |
XXX
54. Lionotus wrzesniowskiiSaville-Kent. Pl.
I
Mant © "60." 82) pp. 742-745. Pl. XLII, figs. 12-13.
Butschli ('80-'89) Pl. LIX, fie. 5.
This is a colorless, elongate form. It shows three distinct
regions. The anterior portion is prolonged into a slender neck
which is very flexible and is about half the length of the body.
“The cilia in this region are longer than those of the rest of the
body and there is a row of trichocysts on the left margin. The
mouth is at the base of this neck, to the left. The central thick~
ened portion contains a granular endoplasm. The cilia are fine and
‘evenly distributed in this region. The posterior vortion is a short,
Clear, pointed, tail-—like region.
There is mn bi- lobed spherical macronucleus about the center,
and alarge spherical contractile vacuole at the vosterior end
of the thickened vortion.
The animal swims very rapidly, bending and turning particular-
ly in the neck region. It is very flexible and contractile.
This was first observed in December, 1899, in ag aquarium
Started in the fall from the Boneyard. They occurred here in num-
bers. Again in January, 1900, I broke iee near the bank of the
Boneyard and found many of them. I have not observed them since.
|
1}
Tt is reported from Europe by Butschli ('80-'89).
. i == - NON URV |
55. Nassula_rubens Claparede & lachmann. pi Fig. 53
Kent ('80-'82) vp. 495-496.
The body is ovate and is ecually rounded at both ends.
It is finely and evenly ciliate throughout and contains a gran-
ular endoplasm. The mouth is situated one-fourth of the way back |
on the left hand side, and leads into a pharynx armed with Beyl-
is
oft
iw
lead
be ‘aA
oo tyeezgw
E> GhT, -. a0 (oa Gaal eT
= ~ A,
a8 1 nae eae
io ee he
* shred és ca
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iia ot) A mt
i. al Stas
’ 1 aunel:
comm hawet tax beg
i Age iu@eud. sdot wz WoT? hertoqer
‘isceh gqegyr sluers 8
Ok “sam (86-089 dines |
ete Pe sed sah inte f bod
einen lee
taat tum t
evesi cut
wert? ¢
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a ad ea aS potest
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4
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13.
i”
€
dilated anteriorly. The most striking characteristic of this species |
| is its striking and brilliant none color. |
| There is but one macronucleus, which is large, granular,
and is located a little back and_to_the right of the
: center.
The contractile vacuole is single. It is large and spherical,
land is situated_to_the left of the nucleus. It sometimes leaves
_two smaller ones after systole.
ee ee
} observed_two of _these on March 20, 1900, in an aaouarium
which had been started about two months before from_the Boneyard
and had become foul. A scum was formed on.the top which was largely
made up of Stentors. It is reported from Europe.
by
Ms Oe
56 Chilodon cucullulus O.F.Muller. Pl Fig
eee ee ee meee em ee te ee ee nee EW ore oe
Ment ('80-"82). pp. 746-747... Pl... XLII... figs. 16-22.
Pubeehld <'60-'69)- Bl. LX». figs, 8.
The body is flattened, sub-ovate in outline,. and is very
flexible. It is rounded at the posterior end: anteriorly, on the
right side, the body is projected forward in a sort of lip, and
meeecurved over to the left, The cilia about this projection and
down the left border are larger than elsewhere. The surface is
longitudinally striate. 4A vibrating line leads from the tip of the
lip into the mouth opening. This line projects a little beyond the |
edge of the body. , |
The macronucleus is single, ovate; and centrally placed.
There are many contractile vacuoles scattered irregularly
throuch the endoplasm. }
This is one of the first forms which |] observed. It has oc-
a 6
ad
L «Be eee 1, Loe oe
;° 726 He sleit oleae tin
a ; °F " b ards i? F
a oe ae an he
iA ‘Liigd She eripeee
rl Pa: és *2 7 ' 7 7
, ¥ : eo eer ~y itr) tid z m5 om
‘ as 2
; +
near
» -
} : i hed br
r
4t ” ar
7
ve |
’
:
o
{
C
;
he
r .
-
.
bl
14.
uurred plentifully throuchout the year, and especially in very
ee ee ne ee ee ee eee ee ee
| Asia, Oceanica, America, Europe,
57. Glaucoma scintillans Fhrbg. Pl. Fig.
0 ew ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee mm ee aad
Kent ('80-'82) po. 795-796. Pl. XLV, figs. 39-40.
Peer 0-89) Pl. LEXI. fig. °S.
The animal is egg-shaped, being rounded posteriorly and a
little pointed anteriorly. It is somewhat flattened. The animal
is colorless. [It has a steady and rapid movement. The body is long—
itudinally striate, and is finely and evenly ciliate. The mouth jew
on the ventral side, toward the anterior end, a little to the
right of the center. It is curved and is bounded by a strong undu- |
lating membrane. |
The large spherical macronucleus is contractile.
The contractile vacuole is single and located posteriorly.
This was found in a mid-winter collection from the Boneyard’,
in the latter part of January, 1900. I saw but a single specimen. |
Schewiakoff('93) reports it from Africa, Oceanica, America and !
Europe. | ; |
58. Frontonia acuminata Ehrbe. Pl. Fic.
Biteen id’ (F080) Pla LXII, fig.’ 4.
This has an ovate body with one end rounded, and the other
prolonged into a point. It is somewhat Pip ichade, Theictnt ate is
longitudinally striate, and is finely and evenly ciliate. The
elongated mouth lies along the left side on the ventral surface, |
and has an undulating membrane. The endoplasm is considerably vac-
olated.
The nucleus is oval and centrally situated.
oa 3s te ate
ae
es ' z ba
a Pipa at
. ; veanTUS a cathe
"ere ridden alien 7. =
[ — ; a? ey 4A
88 oor nn
vty tr rege
8a (3@ i
oo le
349 ,
‘
#
= 7) oaxys nes
na un) saw e
- lo ogra ne
; ,
sha a
wo
: ME he
3 tio
“ tn oe
a
TB
the re is but one contractile vacuole and it is posteriorly
t E ted e
1 found this form but once. It was associated with Glaucoma
—
—
ay
scintillaps. It is reported from Europe by Butschli ('80-'89) .
59. Colvidium colpoda Schrank. PL.AMVYFic. SZ
SN ee rE ee ee eee re
Meese? «e0-"S9) Pl. LXII, fig. &
The body is kidney-shaped with the anterior end less rounded
| than the posterior. The endoplasm is considerably vacuolated and
1 fe |
| granular. The surface is finely and evenly ciliate and is longi-
ai]
— striate. The mouth is on the ventral side to the left,
ry
) .
and is similar to that of Glaucoma. It is curved and bounded on the
| sides by an undulating membrane.
I The nucleus is oval and is centrally’ located.
} ;
|
The single contractile vacuole is posterior.
- “first identified it March 5, 1900. They were very numerous
Eat that time. It occurs abundantly in aouaria which are stagnant
| anc contain numbers of Paramoecium and Bacteria. Schewiakof f (192)
| reports it from Africa, Oceanica, America, and Europe.
be
i
}
Loy
60. Paramoecium caudatum Ehrbe. piss ie. TS, FF
en ee bee ee me ee ee ee ee re ee ee ee me ee ee
Piagetian e0s, 69) Fl. EXIT, fig. ]..Blochmann ('95)
py JOS. Pl. VI, fig. 194.
This is an elongate spindle-shaped animal three or four times
as long as Lohan The posterior end is somewhat pointed, and there
the cilia, which are evenly distributed over the rest of the sur-
Rea: are longer. The mouth is at the termination of the oral
| groove, which extends from the anterior left hand extremity peciiee
riorly over the ventral surface, to the center of the body. The
| animal has a complete coat of trichocysts. %
qt 5
Vhit
ie 1)
.
7 »
- + a
Tus PS
“
-
”
gli aaa
<') aren
bh Pot ee wood
sotreteog! a
nirpe ant tah
4 “taivia£ 7
ot veltet
| if ae
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ot
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ll eek tae
- ‘1 vente ‘
; Joni &
‘eit mor se
Tete 2S
Lidaesut
'V 919 SOT -@
rsvrote We ms al
16.
“The macronucleus is large and ellipsoidal, with one micro-
ucleus. They are situated about the center of the body. |
There are two contractile vacuoles, one near the anterior, and:
f]
one near the posterior, ends. They freouently have a star-like |
appearance, due to the canals leading to then.
q I have frequently seen them in conjugations, with the oral
groove closely applied. They occurred abundantly throuchout the
year, especially in stagnant aquaria. Schewiakoff ('93) reports ther
from Africa, Oceanica, and Europe. |
61. Brocentrum turbo 0.F.Muller. Pl. Fie.
Kent ('80-'82) pp. 641-643. Pl. XXXIII, fig. ep
Pratachli, (180269). Pl. LXLX, fic», 15.
The body is somewhat pear-shaped, being largest at the vest-— |
| erior end. There is a stylate caudal appendage which is about |
| bis the length of the body. The cilia are distributed in two
| wreaths which encircle the body. The anterior wreath is just a
| littleback of the anterior border of the body: the posterior. |
| wreath is a little back of the center of the body. The mouth lies
| on the ventral side in this posterior wreath of cilia. The animal
G swims rapidly with a whirling motion.
| Both the nucleus and the contractile vacuole are located poste-
| riorly. The vacuole presents some peculiarities, by takine ona |
series of forms. When it is full it is. round, but on contracting |
it has somewhat the appearance of a rosette. The nucleus is band-
| like.
-[t occurred in November, 189, in.a large aguarium started
| ‘more than a year before and to which had been added, besides Bone- |
_ yard Material a little water from the Illinois River at Havana. |
_Schewiakoff(' 93) reports it from Asia, Kustralia, geome oe Ate ee
) sioueas ed?
ad .earro) to me
P
en!
erie Oe Cat
vip! w
wll
2
-
+
oy
= |
TV
bi AXAVIIhy
62. Pleuronema chrysalis ‘Ehrbeg. ag Fig. 70.
Per ©0=' be) 'p. S450 Pl. XeVIT, fig. 55. Butschli |
fee OO) Pls LXIV, fig. 6. °
Me
‘The body is ovoid, eoually rounded at both ends, concave
elo and convex above. The cilia are somewhat rigid and ane: deuete !
@ all over the cuticular surface. It is rather ouick, but when |
irritated, it moves out of the way with a ouick leap or spring.
A large extensile undulating membrane is found beneath ventrally
tached to the left edge, which may be either ektended or ne.
| drawn. The mouth is located centrally, on the ventral side, in
| a littlecdevression, and leads into a tubular pharynx. i
| The nucleus is situated a little below the center.
| The contractile vacuole is single and is located toward the |
| posterior end. | |
mtr Food is caught by the extensile membrane. [| have often found |
| the animal paired, as thouch in conjucation. | |
a They occur very commonly and in great numbers. [| have found then|
_throuchout the year in various aauaria about the laboratory,
| often with Paramoecium, but more generally present than this genus. |
| Schewiakoff ("93) reports it from Asia, Africa, Australia, Oceanica, |
“America, and Europe.
| . RAIN 2
63. Cyclidium glaucoma Ehrbe. Pl. Fig. D/
ee ee ret ee Se re ee re ee ee er oe
Kent ('80-'82) op. 544-545. Pl. XXVII, figs. 57-58.
Butschli ('80-'89) Pl. XIV, fac. &. |
The body is ovate, convex above and a little concave beneath.
Fine setae are developed over the surface, and at the posterior
44 |
_ end are several very much longer setae. The mouth opening occurs
NTA Ane
SAOEEER yensyiyu) -
; SAA
= hi i W4 EEA
af
‘
ce
f a
I8
~~
“
i
’ Vee A ‘ui
< 7 ’ er2 Pay
re *) SET act P
= ~~ —S —_—
sag roqeT: (S@") |} lot
7 4
" my _ ;
eqoTticg bre aa
“TSE RRSE : t |
| ova) eo
ys ot
: ; : ace:
* a : ‘ on i ’ ~— + % | idsetua a
Rociaee
bas deve ate rod. aft
. . A eres
ene.
Sa ae
78.
times extended. 7
a :
The nucleus is spheroidal and is situated below the center.
The single contractile vacuole is located in the nosterior
end of the body.
joe
These, too, are very common in all collections throughout
They are reported from Asia, Africa, Australia, Oceanica, America,
| and Europe, by Schewiakoff (19%).
64. Spirostomum ambiguum Ehrbe. Pl. Fig.
Se es eo er ee
Kent ('80-'82) po. 586-587. Pl. ¥XI¥, figs. 13-14.
Batechii iC"S0."80)' Pl. LYVIT; fie. 2.
The body is an elongate cylinder, about fourteen times as |
|
a
| long as broad. The animal is colorless, flexible and contractile. Tre
| 4 i}
|
|
| mouth is an elongate opening beginnine in the middle of the ventral |
Bids; and extending down into the middle of the body. The whole
| cuticular surface is finely ciliate, but the cilia about the mouth
| are of a much larger size.
a Tie nucleus is a moniliform chain and extends through the
central two-thirds of the body. |
} The contractile vacuole extends almost through the body like |
| a canal. It is much dilated at the posterior end. |
| These were observed through the month of February, being
| plentiful in one collection and in the aouarium started from it as |
| long az it was kept. |] have not found them since. Schewiakoff ('93)
i, . : |
meenorts them from Asia, Africa, Australia, Oceanica, America,’
||
|
| and Europe. }
+
te
oe | a? ;
fad bas +ahte i
2
a)
edt
ps
a
9q° ua bos |
Lg
[ dove
o¢ eveloun ake
Lo abtidi-owt yi
clitosti non s
pizt dorm et ${
edo Stew ovody
, oe ue
a! 109 al
79.
65. Bursaria truncatella Muller. PLAXMLF ig. G2.
— Se eee ee Se et
ment. A e0=)52).5p. S74..P1 KXKXIX, figs 1-2. Butschli ('80-%
P69) Pl....LXVie i fi€.. 6. | |
ae
_ These animals are broadly ovate, very much flattened, and
truncate at the anterior end. The mouth cavity is sac-shaped.
It has a broad opening in front anda lateral fissure wh¢ch extends
from pee left side of it back into the midile of the body. The
mouth leads into along, ene. funnel-shaped eames. |
7 The nucleus is band-like and curved, lying in the central part |
‘of the body.
There are many small contractile vacuoles scattered through
“the body.
qi The first that I observed of these animals were very larze- |
"so large that they could be seen with the naked eye. Large individ-
uals measured ¢.5 mm. in length. The material was from Crystal
| Lake, and was very foul, having been collected when it was very
“hot and the scum was forming on the water. This was in September,
1899. They occurred azain in February, 1900, in ERoneyard material.
' They are reported by Schewiakoff ('93) from America and Rurope.
During February, 1900, another species was found which must
have ‘been Bursaria, although it was considerably different from |
the above described form. It was ovate, not so flattend as RB. t-runca.
tella, and finely and evenly ciliate. The oral aperture was antero-
Petminal and the anal aperture was postero-terminal. The body
| was so gorged with food that the structure could hardly be made. |
out. When some of these food particles were expelled, a contractile
| vacuole was seen 4t the vosterior end. The animal moves with a
_ Tolling motion. |
-& TS2£75 re
_— a oe
(o7°s
ne ye f
a =_ 7% :
stad ke on '
i all ol he
aks oft
80.
66. Stentor polymorohus O. F. Miilller. Pl.ALPig.93,
—_—— Se ee ie ee eee ee ee
This is a grayish white, trumpet-shaped animal. It is larger
Be nie it equals one-‘third the length of the body. It swims free
oe attaches itself to bits of algae. The body is highly flexible
and contractile, and so varies in shape.
. There is a single monaliform nucleus. |
: The contractile vacuole is large and situated near the anteri-
| or border.
Food is swept in by the current of water which the large
| adoral cilia keep up about the mouth.
| Peo rst found S2 Po lymorphus in July, 1899, in a Boneyard
collection made below the heating plant, at which time they were |
i
; numerous. I°did not find it again until March 20, 1900. This time |
|
|
i}
|
| it was ina very stagnant < aquarium started two months previous. |
la scum had formed over the top, which was largely composed of l
| Stentors,. Schewiakoff ('93) reports it from Australia, Oceanica,’ |
}
|
i
| America, and Kurope.
eS Se we Sw ew ee
I | 67. Stentor roeselli Ehrbe. PIOMLIFic. 74. |
Kent ('80-'82) pp. 591-593. Pl. XX¥, figs. 22-23. |
Butschli ('80-'89) P1.LXVIIT, fig. 5.
| The body is lone. The diameter of the peristome region, |
| when fully extended, is equal to about one-fourth of the length |
of the body. The surface is finely ciliated throughout, and in |
addition to the cilia a few setae are deve loved. The adoral cilia
are larger and stronger than the surface cilia. This species dwells
\™ a mucilaginous’ tube, and when irritated darts back within the
Bi.
sould not escape, even by retreating into the tube, and so it left
and swam away.
The nucleus is moniliform, as is characteristic with this
family. reg 2 FMLOM oa ze i
The contractile vacuole is large and anterior.
|
* coeruleus an a stagnant aquariam in March, 1900. It is reported ly
| Schewiakoff ('95) from America and Rurope.
68. Stentor coeruleus Ehrbe. Piss Fig.
iy Fe ee RS EG OE
an)
Kent ('80-'82) pp. 593-594. Butschli ('80-'89) Pl. L¥IX,
p) fiesed. |
| of its bluish green color. It is trumpet-shaped. It attaches itself |
Ib to bits of algae or even Saieginacate the surface of the slide
| or to the surface film of the water. The width of the pveristome
a equal to about one-third of the length of the body. The cilia
| are fine and are evenly distributed over the cuticular surface,
| but those around the peristome are loncer and stronger. The “fe
| is highly metabolic, often extending to its full length, then when
| irritated in any way at the anterior extremity, suddenly contracting
| into little more than a ball.
The nucleus is compound and extends through the body like
| a chain of small nuclei.
The contractile vacuole is situated in the veristomal
The adoral cilia keep uv a constant current of water about
i, : ' .
seve -otsone BB
os agi ie. ;
. iY =
yn
a on B2.
e mouth, and sweep everything that comes into the current into
dia I have seen it take all kinds of small algae and many
11 Protozoa. Once 1 saw it sweep a small Pleuronema into its
zs.
One of these animals was one day crushed by the cover glass.
Upon watching it a few minutes, it was seen to form three new
ee ee
ee ee ee oe
lot time.
S.. coeruleus. was found first in January, 1900, and from that
ee ee ee ee
on was abundant in several aquaria. They seemed to be most plentiful
jin stagnant water. Schewiakoff ('93) reports this species from
Africa, Ereanic2. America, and Kurope.
69. Halteria, vrandinella-Muller. P1.X/¢,Fig.73,
— ce A ey om Se ee ee ee ee
Pent (60-5) 82)0pi, 632. Pl. XXXII, fig se 55-38. Bitschli
('80-'89) Pl. Py. @ a fig. 6.
os ee — = —= SSS
The body has a truncate oval shape, being cut off at the
Janterior end, where there is a wreath of rather large cilia. Long
ee tS
setae called springing setae are found on the body forming a central
lgirdle, by means of which the animal moves so rapidly, darting
= and there with a leaping or springing motion, that it is dif-
|ficult to make out detail.
There is one large spherical contractile vacuole near the
|center of the body, and*near to it a spherical nucleus.
| This was first found in November, 1899, in an aquarium
|Started a year before, which contained, besides Boneyard material,
®
some from the Illinois River at Havana. They were very numerous.
jit was also found plentifully in the collectionscduring January and
i"
£ i x] 3
aie
: ys iT! es
79 efentiti es
a ‘ee | J -t
yo tiae hh hppa
ei.
a] Lb ' Toe pe
oo Vm if. . <4 (68°03 nek ;
att xTaR ove 98
Vite lun ai nk Yale! yao -Leotage at vhod
§ 40 gipdlers + atience se aiaks Ll isee es
bus bang odd pak: wa iT eiOos Ba if
0d TeBole e_ebnetoe- ane tole tna
7, Bie 2 NG REP vem mat. pees:
* bodtetl oes aft hie noon donOd ee
é
ight limb of the wreath of cilia descends into the vharynx.
The nucleus is elongate and band-like.
“The contractile vacuole is sincle and spherical and is sit-
ted in’ the anterior end.
‘These occurred abundantly at all seasons throughout the year
n aguaria and in field collections. It is cosmopolitan.
: XL¥Z,
75. ‘Catriche's ttt? vo Vy sur Ehrbe. PLALY Fig.9Z 10e,
Kent (' 80." 82) DP. 690- 691. Pl. XXXV, figs. 30-31 & 51;
XXXVI,” press 1-8.
This somewhat resembles Vorticella’, but is united in social
clusters. The bodies are conical, with a dilated peristome.
¥
There is a compound pedicle, consisting of one main stalk which
branches freely, and these branches may again divide. A muscular
fiber runs throuch the center of this stalk but it is not contin-
uous at the places of branching, so the stalk mam contract either
all together, or in part. There are large numbers in a colony,
sometimes as high as one hundred and fiftm or two hundred. The |
cuticular surface of the body is smooth, the cilia being distrib—
ute ed as in TOPALOWT Ta’, in a wreath around the peer
SS ee
i;
The nucleus is ribbon-like, long and curved.
The contractile vacuole is single and placed near the anterior
border. ; |
int
These were found in quantity in crllections from under the ice
i
made from the Boneyard in January, 1900, and they occurred again
in February. It was reported by ‘Schewiakoff ('93) from Africa,
Oceanica, America, and Surope. }
7 16. Ado'thatin' fur seN Ts Claparede & Lachmann. Pl. Fig.
ee ee
Kent ('80-"82) pp. 698-699.
_ The zooids are elongate, being about three times as lone as
= —_— a . ~
> a
—
“al
‘-ored bre, ohm a!
Lao’
: - a - - =
ae alanis al lawl rans RE.
i
ne x feats
>
* ;
'Y 2 Parse ‘
8
_ one
re
in
* se olfés
mah tenddlben »s ese 6 pmwet ean one
on? bite (WOT . ry nual, al brayarion ont
a4 =) Ligtatee: vd wet tuget: wey, ni a
ea04 uP bri sean
wid BUD eek OM at os
[ en @adis
iy
and occurring in laree colonies, attached to a dichotomously
lk, so that when one part of the colony contracts, it all con-
i
sts. The cilia are distributed about the veristome, and keen
a constant current of water.
‘The nucleus is small and oval, situated near the center of
ae eee erectile: vacuole is small and near the anterior margin.
bat cus, to which it attaches itself merely for purposes of
locomotion. The colontes were found in large numbers. It has been
reported only from fBurope. |
¥y 1. Opercularia’ mutatis Bhrbe. Pliapeeeaes
De ee ee ee ~
Kent (180-189) pp. 710-711. PL AVI, fies. L2-VS;
These occur in large colonies having an exceedingly dichot-
omously branched pedicle. The bodies are ovate and are three and
a half times as lon. as broad. They taper toward both extremities,
but more toward the posterior one. The cilia are arranged in two
rows on a ciliary disc which iseattached by one side to the peri-
stome margin. A membranous collar can readily be seen protruding
Over the edze of the peristome. The zooids may be either erect or
drooping, and the pedicle is transversely ee ehiets The nharynx
extends to about the center of the body.
; ie noniats is pageivependr curved It is somewhat centrally
/placed. | |
| The contractile vacuole is single and is located towards the
| anterior end. |
_ Colonies of these were numerous in collections made in the
-
-
a
rie F 4 ¢ _ ; ean
eel’ 9 io fe ie. , wt > 4
ie! peluq ines IN ove arise
eye. a
» a rf i “4 q 5
-
is
v
n
. "ojeog\ ait REa¥os
J , ide oc Fe egetients
" il. > ome eee ate r
7 ht) . EF ‘cired: 642 Ia Ssbe @
tye Saket ey i! ein ites. ef) bra ome
Ta4 noo oft tuedh oF
me -
.3 : : ’
i. “4 woman t st 4 6 oo) feed BD Bleed pun
: . >
Hi : : 4.
fevo! 2! elesic «ft al enon i
= me. oy
; . ee |),
: é J
“lottroi lode @) #iottin oreR eed
> . _ For
Po Mae
Aj aa yay, Uae rae *
—— E I : SE
etre one last of February, 1900. They were attached to
mw ee ee
78. Operolaria stenostoma ‘Stein. Pl. Fig.
Peneet Poe 62)" pp. 712-715. Pl. XXXIX, fic. 17.
The pody is elongate pear-shaped, with a narrow peristome,
The Cilia are arranged on a narrow ciliary disc which is attached by —
pné side to the peristome margin, and which fits into the peristome.
There is a membranous collar which extends from the peristomal
Opening, and which can only be made out with difficulby. The mouth
extends down into a oharynx which reaches to about the center of
the body. There were but four zooids in the colony eeincee The
pedicle was very short and stout, and the zoids seemed to grow
richt out from it because the secondary branches were so short.
“4 pme nucleus is long and curved lake a horse-shoe.
The contractile vacuole is sinele and is placed to one side,
near the peristome margin.
] observed colonies of these but eee April, 1899.
They each contained four zooids and were attached to the body of
' is reported from America only by ‘Schewiakoff ('93),
[though ‘Stein has found it in Europe. |
719.6 Sbhaerobh'rvra pu'si'lle Claparede & Lachmann.
PL.XLVUBic. 144 10%.
Kent ('80-'82)p. 1 108. Pl. XLVI, fig. 6. Butschli '80-'89)
Pie CEERI. fies 10. Blechnanr ay 95) Der 2s
This is a very small,colorless spherical animal in the adult
stage which is free swimming. The "larvae" are ellipteal. The proto-
plasm is ine vacuolate. The adult is provided with numerous slender
-
-
~<
i ee
4
, %
4 & -
ne on. a y
7 ray sae “ :
: i ee SS eal = p ©
: ; x eh
os ea aie F
Jed SPAR Ser ee
ra r © wy ot + ‘ =
fi mh 7 in, | = a
tee Die Dee acl Cg, | oy Slike oe
he — . oo As fe 3 o. ;
Ses “J : a
me : ' re ye
ate ah Jct cS ‘q . él 4
% 4 "
’ « P
Li
!
7
,
La F r
AIC Taye
; >
iin fit: ‘70 43 hee secon
i (
/.
fee NE. 2U7Sons | boperked ae
BA 4 2e67 aF.3{- . vee
aaerc * hwo? ead gileth
rir gh: — ey : ’ = :
av At 21%
\
r)
stu Oe Ive fe .8Or +1198" RD ‘grea
TRL ate A ae isefe of ast} 7 TARR sit : er :
iy fa (eo pteeoe geoitsios, ieee cae rt
‘se oP a 4 mas
[esiciile "ential" nor thie beg Odrtw-
ererun Orie bebisegeunee ee nitty alfa
oe
me a - — SS EE
89.
bere but Ge free swimming, adults. In March, 1900,
Oe ee _— om
ct a cc aN a cee lat The
rT. The cysts are oueer horned forms with a secmented outer
over, and are Stalked and attached by the stalk. A contractile
a
acuole can be plainly seen about the center of the cyst.
al The species occurred in October and November, 1899, and in
farch y 1800. co is endoparasitic in THOStyTS,
So 1a ee ee ee ee ee ~— = See
tor. ‘Schewiakoff ('92) reports it from America and Bloch-’
mann 95) from Europes
“a
7
ot /1 erie wiedelat oo a
reine Te weet ot suet care
en ernie :
¥
y
vie @& s
Y ae
MSCUSSION.
The list includes 79 species, ‘17 being Rhizovoda, 5, Helto—
} erase iata) | ae Mer las eT sts: and 29, Ciliata: and 1,
ae I think the list would be Considerably extended in a
“time, and especially in certain groups, since every fresh
‘ium examined and every collection made under different con-
itions contained species not before seen.
vit has been very evident that climatic conditions, esvecially
me re mC err sbt oh the occurrence of many of the
las low. This scum also contains PHY in abundance. Then, too,
at this time a delicate screen film, known as water bloom, was often
found on the surface of Crystal Lake where the water was deeper.
This film was caused by the little animals and plants collecting
tc the peeane on warm ea and was Teh in Tube e PRESS,
— ee me es —- See
oliienlentieetenie Gent Say ere on oe ws es es
—— ae ee we
represented here vather abundantly. |] also founa wareHeetUt and
item iF he ta
a, Th ney + Peas
W
‘ [e@ AD @9£)1%¢
if a a ‘pate ate
rey: vitwet. od) 1
164 ma: ud torr ona te wnat
t Dae h eT cipLee cect wat mths that ih
cr O42 eh GPR tats. oy aed la eos al :
Dteiiarel » Oe erie:
oo wes aie Teli astnuds 19H9s ewes hey
we wees:
(5. incke if ‘eT Vee? cal war
tH? deg. se he
= a ee Se yreres ake “é
4 : pe ; 7 i 7
others persisted throuchout the year.
Protozoa in the laboratory aquaria varied also. ‘Those
nant aouaria differed Gran those in fresh ones. One snecies
ar and be abundantly represented for a time, then it
enly disappear, sometimes to return and sometimes not.
> one instance, in April, 1899, ‘Ketirfoph'rv's'’ sol' was very
nt in a sample from one of the aquaria, and the next day not
Ould be found. Whether this was due to the disturbance of the
hee 4 taking eae the first day, to variation in ;
ch ate or killed the Heemiters, is a ouestion not sn seeel
vered. Neither is, it known where they so when a species suddenly
@ars from an aquaria in that way.
_ Following, are. two tee), one describing the kind of loca~—
nin which the svecies occurred; the other, a table representing
> seasonal distribution.
e
y
oe
oe
7 =
i eS
1. So (etna e
; oJ cn & ;
vi wee © . bal antes a - :
7
*
#1 Oat: Ni Amamcpde ne F
¢
ee ~~ i ..
: : A es
>
7 y LOVVLIALQYVVVY ©
g
| c :
| | + ae AS VAAN Vy lat a aah 4 WWV¥VY aay ¢ ;
> | ;
) | } : OY Td UW VE h VOW Vy vroyry =
ae | | | < fo os te ae
| | 7 WEIL OVAL. (WIV FOI Fl Ie
| — —_—— = ¥ y
| | — TIE otra. OVO IV IVY | OF
a | + = u
| aie
=e | } | pages
——+
| ae | +
| i =| peo 2
a | | = ; PF IIR (a YY yy AAP G
|
=f | eé
IV OVE ry) D VY LY 7G
? .
VYyY Fins VL)
J { Z,
SVIAV TREAT AI LAY
eee
oS ee ela — meee
—!
fe ee
a
ee
ese
aie al
me
+
a
ae
eae PS
i an
eee
=
india oaks ae
hen Sole
eae
Pere Se
are ae ee
etek
ee |
|
ALAALAA TA}
a 9b. | .
Discussion of local Occurrence.
The zreatest number of spéciés occurred in field collections.
Thalf of thése were common to both field collections.and
i. 19 species found were rare, i@c never havin> bean found!
foul water. The Rhizopoda occurred about equally in fresh col-
sctions and in aouaria and. they were not abundant in foul water.
selongéed to this group. Thé Dinoflagellata occurred only in field
ections, and one of them has never been reported from America
efore. The Ciliata occurred abundantly in field collections and
n aquaria, and most of the foul water forms were ciliates. The
Rhizopoda and the Ciliata, as sroups, seem to show less reference
= ng . % ioe oe ‘
for any particular environment than the others.
sy ¢% ~~) '
—
us
—
—— —___.
SS
Porras!
T = ———
pt
"7
| U
i
er
Ret 4 i
=!
| EREERRE
TT ERERREED
EEREREED
cERERAE
‘ a
;
ee
"|
i
«
SP) ee eS SS oe —_
.
ldo,
et YOM Ae
7 oT \ a 7 j
————_ =
the least, 19. The small number found in any single month I
ably due to the accidents and limitations of observation.
Small number observed during the summer months is doubtle Jue
the same cause. Individual zroups, however, show some indicati:
-
~-
of a seasonal preference: thus the Rhizopoda 3re most
January; the Heliozoa are apparently absent during the warr
ew
}
ct
=>]
oO
—
j
)
months: the Flaecellata are more abundant c
NY)
5
)
ry
°
woriisand the Ciliata, during the colder part of the
The data at my disposal are insufficient for any extended general-
izations on the subject of seasonal distribution.
The limits of this paper do not vermit of an extensive con-
Parison of the list of species o
other parts of the world. | make but a few to illustrate the
Similarities and differences of speciés occurine i different le
Calitie
r rag tw J FO) ig aa
;
(oeua TE Bei Ld Dasa oaat B Routers
a ee TZ
Ss aa
__uihtaegellata
SS 7
Dis ion of Seasonal Distribut
The largest number of species reported in any mont S. Bits
(eeefout tote Withewhich My list, is here compared have bear
made from field collections, without atténtion having been pv:
to aquariam collections. I have found
——
|
|
}
|
|
~ a, 4 oe wa
iw
ae Ferro
Se ee
——aae ae
P 7 a ee: ee.
hick paled > pene
oer |<
is
(iw | . <
—
E
A
«
-
_
‘:
93), who worked in the same stream, reports. This indicates
further work here would largely increase the list. Of Hemple's’
S2*were found in the Boneyard; of Kofoid's 25: and of the
list of Awerinzeff, only 87.
The conclusion is that the Pactozoa are larsely cosmopolitan.
irger the lists found, the greater is the similarity in dif-'
t localities. The cosmopolitan distribution is due to the ease
Be sk: germs are carried in dust by the wind.
no
; + Las
Ven? Vee (veal 7
7 =? a Pardee
a #
,~
S
|
|
\
LITERATURE ‘CITED.
3lochmann, F.
185. Die ‘Mikroskopische Thierwelt des ‘Susswassers. Th. II,
peth. 1: Protozoa. pp. [- XV; ]- 134, Pie eV ls
utschlis 0. .
Pad: "aa, Broun’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Theirreichs Proto-_
20a. Vols. le dls ana JIT, 2028 pp. Pl. [-LX¥XIX.
Bertex, Hed.
Do. Note on a-Fresh water species of ceratium from ie Lake of
Nynee (Naini) Tal in Kumaon. Atn.Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4,
Vol. Vil.» pp. 229, 250.
“France, Raoul
7
)
@
"96. Beitrase zur Kentniss der Algengatteing ‘Carteria. Termes—
1 zetrajzi: = aes Min MOlets Pp." JO5-112,.P1. 111,
Goroschankin, J. .
Bes]. Beitrage zur Keuntniss der Morvholovie und ‘Systematik
der chlamydomonaden. I]. Chlamydomonas Reinhardi (Daugeard)
ee,
<
_ une seine Verwandten. Bull. de Moscow, No.1,1891. op. 1-50,
P ae
peroid, ro
"98. Plankton Studies Teta oer Pleordina illinoisensis, a new
species from the Plankton of the Illinois River. Bull. Ill.
maate lab. Nat. Hist. «Vol. VY. ERs 273-093, Pl. MOON ge KEV
“Kofoid, Sh.
"99, Plankton. reer II]. On teen eee a new genus of the
: family Volvocidae, from the Plankton of the Illinois River.
Bull. Mele rstate Lab. Nat. Rist., Vol. Vay op. 419- 440, Pls
ell. ee
eclioewias
'
4 ‘
¢
ve
Hed aanie eas ant) ae
Ope 0(k aoe iV Pia eet at ae as
j « weeded aii godt solse
Bt —_ Yk
oe t vi, ¥ —
re | ey otG
7A eae ee
WH
en tneide no? lanl
Vi want + fad et Ae He ots
oa Baier Chiciarons of North America, pp. I-XI¥ 1-319, Pl.
"99. ‘Sur la croissance suposee de la coauille chez les Theca-'
“moebiens. Arch. “Sci. Phys. et Nat., IV. Per., tome VII., 23 pp.
haw, WR:
oS Pleedorina, a new Genus of the Volvocinae. Bot. Gaz.,
Wol. x XIX. Pde 279- ORS, Pl. XXVYI
‘Saville-Tent.
“780-"82., Manual of the Infusoria. Vols. I, II, III, pp. I-¥;
1-918, Pl. I-L3 London.
maudinn, Fritz.
96. Das Tier reich, Heliozoa. 24pp.
‘Schewiakoff, eke
Mem. l'Acad. Imp. des ‘Sci. de ‘St. Petersbourg, VII. ‘Ser. T.
Miiiiagine. 3. 201pp.,’ Pl. 1-1V.
Stokes,Alfred C.
“a & Preliminary Contribution toward a History of the Fresh-
ater Infusoria of the United. ‘States, Jour. Trenton Nat. Hist.
‘Soc. NOt [5 NO. Ss» pp. 71. 319, Pl. I -YIII.
Stein, Pek.
150-178. Der Orcanismus der Infusionsthiere nach Fizgenen Forschung
en in ‘Systematischer Reihenfolze Bearbeitet. ABRs | Ls ? ont
i -¥; {-206, Taf. 1-¥1Vs 1-VIIT; 1-355,"Taf. 1-¥vI: 1-¥3
By 154, Taf. I-¥XV. LBipzie.
Zur astein, Hans.
"90, Pur, Morphol: te und Physiolozie der Tubletal orci T's! Klebs.
__
'98. Uber die Geographische Verbreitung der ‘Susswasser— Protozoen,)
—
oma’ {
rote, Te le ee we oa
AY Bavilh,€
‘istcn? Cemeiies? a
iVety wl el a gel - hey
- 2.9
Ay ;
ye Pt eats 46> eMaineshael 64
WAP) wheat 9 / yaa Telos? hametey” ay
Ler Aa ap Pr er
wv
x s
- - % 7
Gini itt On.
at ba
7 ;
Sid lac lide pod vy Ay aneey
: fi i 4 of) *,
op ap eae) n = poll
ee oT Sy Oe eee
—- -- —- OO — re
105.
-
Sural-Dissertation, Basel. 1899. 5Opp., Taf. VI. (Jahrb.
iss. Bot. Bd. YY¥XIV.).;
eff, S. |
ir Zenntniss dér Protozogn-fauna in der Umeebune von
Ologoje. Travaux de la Soc. imp. des Nat. de St. Petérsboure,
rol. XXX. Livr. 1i°pp- 213-251; 262-264.
ety Ae : . |
A List of the Protozoa and Rotifera found in the Illinois
River and adjacent lakes at Havana, Illinois. Bull. Ill. Staté
Tab. Nat. Hist., Vol. V., pp. 301-388.
ucke, P.M. | |
793. A Contribution to the Knowledee of the Ciliated Infusoria of
Champaign County, Illinois. Thesis for B.S.- Degree in Col. of Sci
Os of is, 20pp., XX. Pl.
Kofoid, C.A. |
194, A Report on the Protozoa Observed on Lake Michigan and
the Inland Lakes in the Néishborhood of Charlevoix, during the
Summer of 1894. Bull. Mich. Fish Come, No. 6s pp. 16-84,
¥
MCA ERATE: ip Gh aves
re’, Aer , A! r, i rs a‘ PAu “hye
ee. satea
if
p-cch NP oe AT ew hewed
— e} ' =
in
7 “A freee o'o: 9 oft ne
°
=
iF)
e
»
°
Sele,
ae [oe , nly
iiaSe ‘ off 7) gttealpeiale
"
wt ee Ye
«re 2S Saar Ye
FYPLANATION OF PLATES.
Abbreviations.
amylaceous body. (Os Ere oral groove.
adoral cilia. hats parasites.
body. | Poe pigment.
cilia. pg-s. pigment spot.
ciliary disc. ph. ‘pharynx.
cluster. pher. pharyngeal rods.
conical projection. | Dere § pseudopdal rays.
collar. DS. pseudopodia.
caudal spine. p.st.. primary stalk.
caudal style. pste. sowie Cowal |
contractile thread. tists pseudopodal thread.
contractile vacuole. Ds ridge.
diatom frustule. Se sarcode.
ectosarc. set. setae.
entosarc. ; sh. shell.
equatorial groove. cnehts sheath.
food. SD. “spicules.
facet. Spl. spine.
flagellum. s.st. secondary stalk.
groove. Sis stalk.
Worica. Spi. striations.
mouth. : “a
macronucleus. | ut trichocysts.
micronucleus. UeMe undulating membrane.
“mucilasinous tube. Ve vacuoles. |
erate. Weve water vacuole.
neck. Ze “zooid.
Yen
W
ate
la blaiei
apfa
ee. ce:
a ease
ee
etapa - i
107.
| Plate I.
me ). Amoeba proteus
Pig. 2. Amoeba proteus, same individual a few moments later.
Plate Il.
Pigs. 3-8. Successive changes in form in Amoeba proteus as
seen in 10 minutes.
. Plate Ill.
Fig. 9. Amoeba verrucosa.
Z Fic. 10. Same showing pseudopodia.
| Plate IV.
Fies. 11-7. Successive changes in form in Atioeba’ vérrucosa
as seen in 10 minutes.
Plate V.
Fig. 18. Amoeba villosa.
Fig. 19. Amoeba villosa a féw moments later.
Plate VI.
‘Figs. 20-26. Successive changes in form of Amoeba villosa as
seen in 10 minutes.
} Plate VII.
Fig. 27. Pelomyxa villosa.
Fig. 28. Pelomyxa villosa a few moments later.
Plate VIII.
Fig. 29. Dinamoeba mirabilis.
plate 1X.
Figs. Pee yeni vanseheeiranlis,’ssuccéssive stages in the
capture of a diatom.
Plate X.
Figs. ee Geese ee es oaceesive-vhases.
| Plate XI.
Fig. 36. Arcella vulgaris, latéral view.
Pig. 87. Arcella vulgaris, with shell folded. |
En :
a ; P
i Ye ht Ae _ ee = ry a
ree A~ a Pee Ph
rae . Ab
iis
ee |
oe aie}:
"SEE 9 © ql geen
ub a aes eres eee *
<[peeary iy
70%) Bi ua ree
ih
by oY oateis
\ fon@Eews «tre ory eee
SAY een Te
Aiy ‘{peetet ontitey ae : rh ims
spohiol (\enh, Eee aaitag AY, Meee
=
«
ae a TY
Plate XII.
Pig. 38. Arcella discoides.
39. Difflucia globulosa.
Plate X1ill.
40. Difflugia See rceet latéral view.
Plate XIV.
fale Difflusia pyriformis, top viéw.
, 42. Difflugia priformis, dividing.
: . Plate XV.
43. Difflugia. urceolata.
44. Diffluzia corona.
Plate XWI.
Pig 2456 1Difflosiatconstricta.
Pie 216. Centropyxis aculeata.
Fig. 47. Centropyxis aculeata var. ecornis.
| | Platé XVII.
Fig. 48. Campascus cornutus.
Fig. 49. Pamphagus mutabilis.
Pilate XVIII.
Fig. 50. Actinophrys sol.
Plate XIX.
Fig. 51. Nuclearia polypodia.
Figs. 52-55. Mastigamoeba simplex, showing alternation of
pseudopodia. |
, . Plate XX.
Piss 56. Heterophrys myriapoda.
Praté XXI.
Fig. 57. Acanthocystis turfacea.
, | | “Plate XXII.
7 Pig. 58. Cercomonas typica.
ares
a
=
ae a ‘a :
sth? Arete a,
ody ) 25h a?
9 sehen Pe ie ok
ese tee Gee ore
7 oe ot aan Fri! |
‘eit
pee 1a say
a? | eine ate
openly t hey
wate «alt ks yy
ast it) ee
=
ivan
4
Pe
=
7s
=
.
e. 59. Same dividine.
Pig. 60. Stylobryon abbotti.
-@ Plate XXIII.
Be Figs cr. Anthophysa véegétans, branching colony.
Fig. 62. Same, detached zooids
Plate XXIV.
Fig. 63. Anthophysa vegetans, detached cluster.
Plate XxV.
Figs. 64-66. Euglena viridis, showing metabolic changés.
Fig. 67. Buglena spirogyra.
Fic. 68. Eusléna oxyuris.
1 Platé XXVI.
Fils. Euglena acus.
| Plate XXVII.
Fig. 70. Trachélomonas hispida.
Fig. 71. Phacus triquéeter.
Pik Platé XXVIII.
Migs 72. Astasia trichophora.
Pilate! XXX.
ane. 73. Petalomonas medicanel lata.
Pie. Ta. Heteronema acuS.
Fig. 75. Mallomonas plossilii.
Plate XXX.
Fig. 76. Anisonema grande.
| Platé’ XXXI.
Fig. 77.CCartéria mulitifilis. |
Fig. 78. Samé, four young individuals in a quadraté plate.
Fig. 79. Platydorina caudata. |
Ee)" Plate XXXII.
Fig. 80. Ceratium kumaonense.
we Coa Eee ' «omer rund ‘ ie: ‘AY *
. < a —
"OOS TARO LAT | OF
‘ mo. Lian e -%
“ae
pnegy Pero et ag
-* erat"
eelare aiversiemate oa
$
Y , \
es
res. ei
tet wea
a
a.
-.
el 110.
, 81. Coleps hirtus.
‘ig. 82. Same, end view.
a Plate XXXIII.
‘Pig. 83. Amphiléptus amsér.
-/ Plate XXXIV.
7 Fig. 84. Lionotus wrzesniowskii.
| Plate XXXV.
Pigss5. Nassula rubens.
. ws Plate XXXVI.
a Fig. 86. Chilodon cucullulus.
| Fig. 87. Colpidium colpoda.
> Pilate XXWITs
Pic. 88. Paramoécium caudatum.
Fic. 89. Samé,in conjugation.
y Plate XXXVIII.
90. Pleuronéma chrysalis.
91. Cyclidium glaucoma. |
Plate X¥XIX.
92. Bursaria truncatélla.
| Plate XL.
93. Stentor polymorphus.
Plats XLI.
94. Stentor roeselii.
| Plate XLII.
, 95. Haltéria srandinélia.
| Plate XIII.
96. Urostyla srandis. 7
97. Same, parasitized by Spherophrya pusilla.
Plate XLIV.
98. Vorticélla nebuliféra.
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Plate XLV.
ir. 99. Carchesium polypinum, branchine colony.
fy | Plate pa
Pie. 100. Carchesium polyvinum, cluster of Zzooids.
; Plate XLVI.
Fig. 101. Sphaérophrya pusilla.
Pig. 102. Same. encysting.
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