NaMned BULLETIN No. 1. # | PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAIC eo a erent es eee ee AMERICA 4 | COMPILED BY | er 5 : A fe ‘A | T. D. A. COCKERELL, F.Z.S., F.E.S., Tt } Curator of the Museum of the Institute. FOUNDED 1879 i ‘ KINGSTON, JAMAICA: GovERNMENT Printina Orricz, 79 Duxe Srrepr. ae 1892. - INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA, BULLETIN No. 1. A PROVISIONAL LIST FISHES OF JAMAICA / COMPILED BY |! TY D? AY COCKERELL, |F.Z.S., F.E.S., Curator of the Museum of the Institute. APR 2 4 1987 LIBRARIES KINGSTON, JAMAICA: GOVERNMENT Printina Orrick, 79 Duke Srraxr 1892. PREFACE, Now that material is being got together illustrating the economic products of Jamaicz, to b2 ex 1ibited at the Imperial Institute in London, the fishes naturally demand a share of attention. At the very outset we are met by the fact that no complete or approximately modern catalogue of Jamaica fishes exists, much less any detailed and trustworthy account. The present list has therefore been compiled, and imperfect as it necessarily is, it may suffice to indicate what is now known, and serve as a basis for future work. It is hoped that by the codperation of all those in any way interested in our fisheries, from either the scientific or the economic point of view, we may at length be in a position to issue a really satisfactory guide to the subject, in illustration of an approximately complete collection. All information or suggestions, and any specimens, will be gladly received. Especially, we need de- tails about the food-fishes,—how and when they are caught, wherethey occur or are most abundant, where they are sold and what price they fetch, their flavour and even the methods of curing or cooking —nothing will come amiss. Local names for fishes are also of much interest, but alone they unfortunatery do not always lead to identification: hence any information given about a species will be doubly valued if a specimen of the fish itself accompanies it. The food of fishes is another matter well worthy of study: it is of great interest to learn what is to be found in the stomachs of various species—and sometimes rare little fishes are found in pretty good condition inside the stomachs of common big ones! Parasites found on fishes also deserve attention, and should be carefully preserved. Fishes may be preserved in three parts of alcohol to one of water. Alcohol should be injected into the mouth and vent, and small incisions made in the belly and thick parts of the body, to allow the fluid to penetrate the tissues. The colour of fishes when freshly caught should always be noted down, as they lose much of their colour in spirit. T. 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(hs a s INTRODUCTION. N 1855 Richard Hill published a list of the fishes of Jamaica, enumerating therein 113 genera and 276 species. Four years later, Dr. Giinther began his Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum, in which h2 recorded very many Jamaican species, and what is more important, introduced new systems of classification which were so widely accepted, that any list of fishes drawn up previously to this work became altogether out of date and sorely in need of revision. In 1881 Hill’s list was reprinted in the Handbook of Jamaica, but at the same time endeavours were made to obtain a knowledge of our fishes more in accordance with the views of modern Ichthyologists, and collections were made by Mr. J. J. Bowrey and Mr. Musgrave, Jr. Mr. Bowrey sent from the Institute specimens of a hundred species to the United States National Museum, and these formed the subject of a paper by Messrs. Bean and Dresel in 1884. Duplicates of these are preserved in the Museum of the Institute. The present list is simply a bringing-together of the various records, with the nomenclature amended so as to be as far as possible up to date. In dealing with Hill’s list, considerable difficulty has been met, owing to the fact that it is little more than a catalogue of names, many of which are but doubtfully correct. Wherever I have been able to do so with certainty, I have placed obsolete names as synonyms under the more correct designations, and in other instances I have indicated probable synonymy and errors ; but there remain many names in the list which will very probably have to be eventually struck out, but which in the absence of positive information must for the present remain. Thus for example when in a genus Hill appears to have found one species, and Giinther similarly records only one, but that in a distinct though allied form, it becomes very probable that in reality the same fish was intended by both authors, and that Hill’s identification was erroneous. It must not be supposed that Hill was careless or blameworthy in his work: all scientific works become out of date in time, and such actualerrors as he may have made are to be attributed to the difficulties under which he laboured. Consequently, it would be unjust to ignore anything he wrote, and we can only keep the records, and trust that further investi- gations will clear up all dithculties.* In the classification of the species Dr. Giinther’s British Museum Catalogue has been mainly fol- lowed: but the order of the families and genera is with one or two exceptions that of his later book, An Introduction to the Study of Fishes (1880)—an invaluable work, which may be consulted in the Library of the Institute. The later volumes of the Proceedings ef the United States National Museum have also been consulted, and much useful information found therein. It will be noticed that in several families the nomenclature is partly according to Giinther, and partly after Gill, Jordan, and other American authors. This has resulted because I have endeavoured so far as possible to take advantage of the latest researches, but often have not felt at liberty to introduce such sweeping changes as seem logically necessary without further information. It matters little if in a list like this some species appear under Mesoprion that would, according to recent American authors, be more properly placed in Lutjanus ; but it would matter very much if in the endeavour to be strictly up to date, a number of alter- tions were made on insufficient or mis:aken grounds. On the other hand, when certain species have been definitely referred to new or different genera by recent writers, I have usually preferred to adopt these changes, without judging of their merits, on the assumption that the latest writer is most likely to be correct. Unfortunately, Vol. I. of Giinther’s catalogue is wanting in the Library, and consequently the classification of the Percide and allied families has suffered. a The descriptive notes given merely indicate some of the more obvious external characters, taken mainly from Giinther’s works. It is hoped that they will prove useful, but before deciding on the name of any fish, it should be brought to the Institute and compared with the specimens in the Museum, and the descriptions and figures of Giinther or Cuvier and Valenciennes. The definitions of the families are largely taken from Vol. II of Wallace’s Geographical Distribution of Animals. The local names are nearly all from Bean and Dresel’s paper: it does not appear in that work whence these names were ob- tained, but Mr. Bowrey informs me that they were given to him by Mr. Augustus Barrous, a fisherman of Kingston. Mr. Barrous has given me some interesting memoranda respecting the habits of some of the fishes, a few of which are noted here under the species they refer to. * Mr. L. Hutchings informs me that he has copious MSS. of Hill’s, and drawings of the fishes he examined. I hope to be able to examine these valuable records, and through them clear up at least the majority of obscure points referred to, - LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAICA. VERTEBRATA. ICHTHYOPSIDA. Class, PISCES. Sub-class, PALASICHTHYES. Order, CHONDOPTERYGII. (Sharks and Rays). Family, CARCHARIID. Sharks with two dorsal fins and a nictitating membrane. I. genus, CARCHARIAS, Cuvier. For figure of teeth, see Stud. Fish., 317. Teeth triangular. 1. Carcharias terre-nove (Richards) Gill, Ground shark. Tiger shark. White shark. Caudal fin with a narrow blackish edge. The Squalus car- charias quoted by Hill is more likely to be this than Risso’s species. 2. ©. prionodon. Mentioned in Hill’s list. Ir. genus, SpHyRNA, Raf. 3. Sphyrna zygena (L.) Mill & Henle. Shovel-nose shark. Hammerhead shark. Zygena vulgaris of Hill’s list. i. genus, Mustetvs, Cuv. Teeth obtuse, arranged like pavement. 4, Mustelus maculatus. Mentioned in Hill’s list. This cannot be the M. maculatus (Kner. & Steind., 1867), as that is of later date. Family, LAMNID. Sharks with two dorsal fins and no nictitating mem- brane. Iv. genus, ALOPECIAS, 5. Alopecias vulpes (Gmel.) Bonap. Hill’s list. Family, SCYLLIID_. Sharks with one dorsal fin and no nictitating mems brane. v. genus, SCYLLIUM. 6. Scylliwm canicula (L.) Cuy. Larger spotted Dog-fish. Hill gives a Squalus canicula, which if rightly identi- fied would be this. Giinther says “ the fishermen of some localities do not disdain to eat them.” vi. genus, GinGitymMostoma, Miill & Henle. 7. Ginglymostoma cirratum (Gmel.) M. & H. Uniform brownish. The Scylliwm cirratum recorded by Gosse, Nat. Soj. Ja.. pp. 241, 499, is presumably this. Family, PRISTIDA. vil. genus, Pristis, Latham. 8. Pristis antiquorum, Lath, The Saw-fish. Family, RHINOBATID. Rays with a long and strong tail, having a caudal and two dorsal fins. vill. genus, RHINOBATUS. 9, Rhinobatus undulatus, Olfers. Sea-Fiddler. Family, TORPEDINID#. Rays with a broad smooth disc, and an electric organ 1x. genus, Narcrng, Henle. 10. Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers) Henle. Trembler. Tor- pedo bancroftii of Hill’s list. Family, RAITDA. Rays with a broad rhombic dise and no serrated cau- dal spine. x. genus, Rasa, L. 11. Raja batis L. Quoted in Hill’s list, but probably an error, as the species is European. Family, TRYGONIDA. Rays with the pectoral fins extending to end of snout. x1. genus, TryGon, Adans. 12. Trygon pastinaca (L.) Cuv. The sting-ray. Body smooth, coloration uniform, or sometimes with scattered whitish spots. Squalus vulpes of 13. 14, 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. XII. genus, Urotopnus, Miill. & Henle. Urolophus torpedinus (Desm.) M.& H. Trygon ja- maicensis of Hill’s list is probably this: Upper parts with numerous yellow, dark-edged ocelli; or more uniform. Figured by Sloane as Pasti- naca marina, plate 246, fig. 1. Family, MYLIOBATID &, Rays with very broad pectoral fins not extending to end of snout, xi. genus, DicErosaris. 15. The species recorded by Hill as Cephaloptera banksiana and C, manatis should belong to this genus, bnt they require further investigation. A aS of the genus is figured in Stud. Fish, p. xiv. genus, Antopatis Miill. & Henle. Aetobatis nairinort (Euphr.) M. & H. Myliobatis flagellum and M. nairinari of Hill’s list. Body smooth, dise generally with numerous round bluish-white spots. Xv. genus, CeratorTerA, Mill, & Henle. Ceratoptera vampyrus (Mitch.) Dum. Tail about as long as body ; body and tail rough, covered with small protuberances. This species grows to animmense size, as much as 15 feet broad, and three or four feet thick. - Sub-class, TELEOSTEI. Order, ACANTHOPTERYGII. Family, PERCID&. Marine or freshwater carnivorous fishes, with oblong bodies usually covered with toothed scales. No barbels. American writers divide this large family into several, which are perhaps better regarded as sub-families. Xvi, genus, LaBrax, Cuvier. According to Gill, there isa genus Labrax of prior date, comprising some North Pacific fishes. The American Labracinz have been referred by Jordan to Roccus and Morone. Labrax lineatus (Bl.) Cuy. & Val. L. pluvialis, Hill. “Marked with bands like the Perca fluviatilis of Europe.” L. mucronatus, C. & V. Has no lines or black bands. XVII. genus, CeNTRoPoMUS, C. & V. Centropomus undecimalis. (Bl) C. & V. Snook. According to Hill, there are two forms, the Sea Snook, long and silvery, and the River Snook, broad and brassy. ~~ Xvill. genus, CENTROPRISTIS, Cuv. Centropristis tabacarius, C. & V. Red-brown, dar- ker above, paler beneath, with a whitish spot on each side. C. awrorubens, C. & V. Back vermillion, flanks with irregular yellow spots. C. rufus, C.& V. Uniformily dark red. XIx. genus, Trisorropts, Gill. Trisotropis bonaci, Poey. Violet-brown, with ob- scure bluish-white blotches on the head and body Rock Cod. T. guttatus (Schn.) Gill. Serranus cardinalis and S. rupestris of Cuv. & Val. xx. genus, ENNEACENTRUS, Gill. Enneacentrus punctatus (L.) Poey. Serranus quati- viri and S. outalibi of Cuv. & Val. Butter-Fish. XXL genus, SeRRANTS, Cuvier. This genus of Sea Ferches formerly included Triso- tropis, Epinephelus and Enneacentrus. The follow- ing species may in part at Jeast have to be distri- buted in other genera, but [ know nothing of them beyond what is given by Hill and Cuvier & Valen- ciennes. Serranus tigris. - Given in Hill’s list. INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. S. luivilatus (Bl.,Schn.) C.&V. Dull white, with red lunulate spots, fins blackish, ventrals spotted like the body. S. inermis —Given in Hill’s list. S. coronatus, C. & V. Said to be the same as Perca quttata, Bl. S. catus, C. & V. spots, pectorals yellowish at base and blackish at extremity. Probably the saie species as No. 40. S. avara, C0. & V. Blackish-brown, with spots; fins bluish-black, without sp its S. nigriculus, C.& V. Pectoralsand ventrals covered with brown points. S. morio,C..\ V. Grey, marbled with vinous brown, more or less dark. Caudal brown, anal orange- red, bordered with brown, pectorals orange, ven- trals with red spots. S. oculatus, C. & V. Fora figure of this species, see C. & V., vol. IT S. creolus, C. & V. Red, darker above, more rosy below: dorsal fin spotted with green. S. bivittatus, C. & V. bands on each side. xxir. genus, EpryepHEtus, Bloch. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch) Gill. Serraius striatus of C.& V. Rock Cod. Grouper. E. apuc (Bl.) Bean & Dresel. Rock Hind. XXIII. genus, PLECTROPOMA. Plectvopoma monacanthus. Given in Hill’s list. P. chlorurum, C. & V. Entirely blackish-brown, with caudal and pectorals yellow. P. puella, C. & V. Olive, with six violet-black bands. Figured in C. & V., vol. i. xxiv. genus, Raypricus, C. & V. Rhypticus arenatus, C. & V. Soap fish. figure, see C. & V., vol. ii. R. saponaceus (Bl., Schn.) C. & V. Given in Hill’s For a list, but very possibly his species was R. arenatus. | xxv. genus, MEsopRIoN. The species of this genus are referred by American 53: 54. 5d. 56. 57. 58. . M. profundus, Povey. authors to Lutjanus, &. Asin the ease of Serranus, I leave in the old genus those species of which I know nothing beyond what is given by Cuvier & Valen- ciennes and Hill. Mesoprion mahogoni, C. & V. Reddish-brown above. Said to be rare and little esteemed. M. jocw (Bl., Schn.) C. & V. The general colour is rose. (see also No. 55.) M. pargus,C.&V. See Hill’slist, p.142. (M. pagrus.) M. isoodon. Given in Hill’s list. M. linea, C.&V. Olivaceous brown, paler beneath, with 7 or 8 vertical yellow bands. M. flavescens, C.&V. Of thesame formas M griseus with vertical bands. M. cynodon, C. & V. Brown; or orange-tinted on - back, white beneath, and greenish yellow at sides. Recorded by Hill in 1867 as occurring in deep water. xxv. genus, Lursanvs, Bl, Schn. Tutjanus cawis, (Schn.) Poey. Messoprion griseus of Hill’s list. According to Brown Goode, it is “ one of the most delicious of food-tish.”’ L. analis, Poey. Pat Snapper. Rounder Snapper. Red Snapper. Mutton Snapper. Messoprion wri- | notatws of Hill’s list is probably this. Cuv. & Val. describe M. uninotatus as a very beautiful fish ; the anal and ventral fins yellow, and the dorsal yellow and rose. They also figure it. In 1867 Hill suggested the identity of the Mutton Snap- per with the Meseprion campecheanus of Poey. L. jocu, Poey. School-master Snapper. Black Snap- | per. Butt Snapper. Dogteeth Snapper. ‘This seems not to be the Mesoprion jocw of C. & V. L. buccanella (C.& V.) Bean & Dresel. Butt Snap- per. L. stearnsii, Goode & Bean. Black Snapper. Mr. Barrous says the Black Snapper lives between shoals, and is cunning, and very troublesome to | catch. xxvu. genus, Ocyurus, Gill. Ocyurus chryswrus, (Bl.) Bean & Dresel. Messoprion chrysurus of Hill’s list. give a figme of this species. Yellow-tail, Cuv. & Val. Brown, with purplish or rosy | With two brown longitudinal | 60. 71. 84. 90. 91. 93. XXvIlL_ genus, TROPIDINIUS. Tropidinius dentatus (Guich.) Bean & Dresel. Silk. Mr Barrous says they live in 120 to 150 fathoms of water. XXIX. genus, ANISOTREMUS, Gill. Anisotremus virginicus, (L.) Gill. Governor Bream. The Pristipoma rodo of Hill’s list is probably iden- tical with this. XXx. genus, Pristipoma, Cuy. Pristipoma bilineatum, C. & V. Figured by Cuy, & Val., vol. v. - P. serrula, C. & V. A little more oblong than bili- neatum ; violet-tinged above, with 4 or 5 longitu- dinal yellow lines ; below silvery. P. awatum, C. & V. Very near serrula, but the coloration is uniform; probably not a distinct species. P. crocvo, C. & V._ Shining silvery and brown. P. coro (Bl) C. & V. Silvery, with 8 vertical brown bands. XXXI. genus, Pomapasys, Licep. Pomadasys approximans, Bean & Dresel. Olive-grey, with brownish shades, Jordan places this as a doubtful synonym of P. cultrifer (Poey.) XXXII. genus, Conopon, C. & V. Conodon nobilis (L.) Bean & Dresel. mer. C. antillanus. Coil Drum- Given in Hill’s list. XXxIII. genus, Haxunon, Cuvier. Hemulon parve, (Desm.) B. & D. Black Grunt. H. fremebundum, Goode & Bean. Bow Grunt. H. vimator, Jord. & Swain, M.S., Bean & Dresel. Coesar. Possibly the same as Perca striata, L. HT, arcuatum, C. & V. Yellow Grunt. H. acutum, Poey. Bastard Margaret. H. chromis of Hill’s list is presumably identical with this. Jordan gives H. acutumas asynonym of H. parra, H gibbosum (Schn.) Jord. Margaret Grunt. H. albwm of Hill’s list. A white species. H, canna, C. & V. Silvery, with brown lines &c. H, xanthopteron, C. & V. H. caudimacula, C. & V. Allied to heterodon. H. heterodon, C. & V. This species is figured in C. & V’s. work, vol. v. HT, aurolineatum, C. & V. grey. HH, elegans, C. & V. HT, gormosum (U.) Cuvier. H. quadrilineatum, C. & V. Dorsal fin grey-brown, caudal brown, the other fins whitish. Silvery ; fins yellowish XxxIv. genus, Lozorgs, Cuvier. Lobotes somnolentus, C. & V. Grey-brown, shining silvery. Said to be much esteemed in San Do- mingo, XXXV. genus, GERRES, Cuvier. Gerres rhombeus, CO. & WV. Macca Back. Silver Fish. Silvery, dorsal fin with a blackish margin. G. brasiliensis of Hill’s list is probably identical with this. G. plumierti, C. & V. Stone Bar. G. squamipinnis, Ginther. Uniform silvery, margin of dorsal blackish. 7. guia, C. & V. Silvery, dorsal fin dotted with brown. G. aprion C.& V. Spanish Shad. Silvery, a deep black spot at top of dorsal fin: upper part of snout blackish-brown. Jordan refers this to G. cinereus (Walb.) G. zebra, Mill. & Trosch. Silver-fish, Shad. A synonym of @ cinereus, according to Jordan, G. havengulus (Goode & Bean) J. & G. Shad. XXXVI. genus, SMARIS. Smaris martinicus, Given in Hill’s list ; probably belongs to some other genus, as Smaris is quoted in Stud. Fish. only from the Mediterranean. XXXVU. genus, PrracanrHus, Cuvier. Priacanthus macrophthalmus, Cuvier. P. boops (Forst.) C. & V. Reddish silvery-grey. Family, SQUAMIPINNES. S Carnivorous marine fishes, with! compressed and ele- vated bodies, and scaly vertical fins. PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES UF JAMAICA. XXxvil. genus Cyzropon, (Artedi) Cuvier. 94. Cheetodon ocellatus, Bl. Butterfly. C. bimaculatus of Hill’s list and of Giinther. Body with indis- tinct oblique streaks; a blackish blotch in base of soft dorsal fin, and another small black blotch at the top of its angle. striatus, L. Butterfly. Has five blackish-brown cross-bars ; ventral fins black. capistratus, L. Butterfly. Has blackish oblique streaks along the series of scales: ventral fins whitish. Mr. Barrous says the Butterfly-fish live among great big stones. XxXxrx. genus Hotacantuus, Lacép. 97. Holacanthus tricolor (Bl.) Lacép. Rock Beauty. Head, anterior part of the trunk, caudal and margins of the soft dorsal and anal fins yellow : the remainder brownish-black. 98. H. ciliaris (L.) Lacép. Horizontal Angel-Fish. Soft dorsal and anal much produced; various bluish marks on the body ; dorsal and anal fins with bluish margins, caudal yellow. 95. OC. 96. C. XL. genus Pomacantuus, Lacép. Pomacanthus aureus (Bl.) C. & V. This is an ex- tremely variable fish, specimens of varying age and colour being included in Hill’s list under the names P. awreus, P. quinquecinctus, P. arcuatus, P. paru, P. balteatus, and P. cingulatus. The local name is Angel-Fish. Regarding these as varieties (or more correctly forms) of P. aureus, they may be distinguished as follows : (1.) var. parw (Bl.) Adult, ground-colour dark, body with many small white or yellow cres- cents, base of the pectoral yellow. (2.) var. awreus (Bl.) Ground-colour yellowish, hody with many irregular brown or black spots. 99: (3.) var. balteatus (Cuy.) Half-grown, ground- | colour brownish yellow, body with many brown spots, and with one, two or three more or less indistinct lighter vertical bands, (4.) var. cingulatus(C.&V.) Half-grown, ground- colour dark, body with many small white or yellow crescents, and one, two, orthree rather indistinct lighter vertical bands, (5.) var. quinguecinctus (Cuv.) Young, scales fully developed, sometimes smaller scales between the larger ones ; body with five dis- tinct yellow cross-bands, and sometimes with white crescents or brown spots; caudal yel- low, with a large brown crescent. var. arcuatus (“L.,” C. & V.)* Young: scales small, sometimes with larger scales between the smaller ones; colour like form quinquecinctus. The Pomacanthus planifrons recorded by H1ll in 1868 was no doubt intended for Pomacentrus XLI. genus CHHTODIPTERUS. 100. Chetodipterus faber (Brouss.) Jord. and Gilb. Portuguese. Ephippus faber of Giinther and of Hill’s list. Faber marinus of Sloane, plate 251, fig. 4. Has six rather indistinct brownish cross- bands, or uniformily coloured in adult, Third dorsal spine elongate. Jordan places this in a separate family, Ephippide. Family, MULLID 4. Marine fishes, with elongate slightly compressed bodies covered with large scales, and two dorsal fins at a distance from each other. (6.) XLII. genus UPENEUS. 101. Upeneus maculatus (Bl.) C. & V. Goat-fish, 1u2,. U. martinicus, ©. & V. Brown on back, silvery on sides and beneath. 103. U. balteatus,C.&V. Back clear violet, below white with a lateral yellow band. 104. U. punctatus, C. & V. Back red, a yellow tint along the sides, beneath white ; fins yellow. There is a small spot on each scale. Jordan gives balteatus as a synonym of martinicus, and refers punctatus to maculatus. * P. arcwatus L, is considered by Jordan a valid species. (Proc, U,8, N, Mus. 1886, p, 594.) Family, SPARID. (Sea-Breams.) Herbivorous or carnivorous marine fishes, with oblong compressed bodies covered with minutely serrated scales, and with one dorsal fin. XIII, genus CaALAMUs. Calamus bajonado (Bl. & Schn.) Poey. Mucco Pa- ragy. XLIV. genus PaGELLus. 105. 106. 107. The Pagellus calamus and P. pena recorded by Hill are perhaps not really of this genus. XLY. genus ARcHosAr@us, Gill. 108. Archosargus wrimaculatus (Bl.) Eigem & Hughes. Pilot-fish. Bream. Sargus wvimaculatus and S. flavolineatus of Hill’s list. Diplodus uvimacula- tus of Bean & Dresel. It has two forms :— (1.) var. wnimaculatus (B1.) Eigm. & Hughes. (2.) var. flavolineatus (C & V.) Eigm. & Hughes. A “deeper” form than unimaculatus, with the ventral outline rounded. Family SCORP.ENIDAS. (Mail-cheeked Fishes.) XLVI. genus Scorpana, Artedi. Scorpeenaplumierii, Bloch. Lion-fish. S,bufo of Hill’s list. Apustes exul of Gosse. Marbled with brown, greyish, rose-colour, and violet: spinous dorsal with a black blotch: axil black, with large white spots. . grandicornis,C.&V. Lion-fish. Reddish, marbled with brown ; head and body minutely dotted with white; caudal and anal fins with with brown bands. s . brasiliensis, C. & V. Nearly uniform blackish, with some obscure black clouds or dots. . stearnsii, Goode & Bean. Poison Grouper. Cau- dal fin without brown bands. Jordan places this as a synonym of SN. brasilvensis. Family BERYCIDA. Body short, with ctenoid scales, which are rarely ab- sent. Cleft of the mouth lateral, oblique. Opercu- lar bones more or less armed. 109. 110. 111. 112, XLV. genus Myripristis. Cuyv. Hill records a Myropristes jacobus, which is pre- sumably the species described by Cuvier and Valenciennes. XLvuI. genus Honocentrum, Bloch, 113. 114. Holocentrum ascensione (Osbech) Jord. Welshman. H. longipinne of Hill’s list. 115. H. marianum, C. & V. Given in Hill’s list. Family POLYNEMIDA. Marine or freshwater fishes, with compressed oblong bodies and entire or ciliated scales. XLIX. genus PoLyNEMuS, L. 116. Polynemus plumieri, (Lacep.) Giinth.* P. ameriea- nus of Hill’s list. Pectoral black. 117. P. oligodon, Giinther. Distinguished from P. plu- miert by the greater number of anal rays and the narrow bands of teeth on palate. Pectoral and top of first dorsal fin black. Family, SCLE NIDA, Marine or freshwater fishes, with compressed} and rather elongate bodies, covered with toothed scales. u. genus Umprina, Cuvier. 118. Umbrina arenata, C.&V. Allthe parts with minute brown dots. Barbel short. 119. U. broussonetii, C.& V. Barbel very short. The first dorsal fin blackish ; body with nine dark cross- bands. 120. U. martinicensis,C. & V. Barbel short. Proeoper- culum very distinctly denticulated. Uniform brownish. LI. genus Scrmna, L. 121, Seiwnaxanthurus,(Lacép.) Giinth. Leiostomos zan- thurus of Hill’s list. Colorationuniform- Preeo- perculum finely denticulated. Height of body 3} in total length. nur. genus Corvina, Cuvier. Dr. Giinther, in his “Introduction to the study of Fishes’, refers the species of Corvina to Sciena. In Corvina the second anal ray is very strong. * Jordan refers P. plumiers to P. virginicus. 10 INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. 122. Corvina ronchus,C.&V. Silvery, first dorsal brown- ish, the other vertical fins with the margins minutely dotted with black. Lin. genus BarrpeL.a, Gill. 123. Bairdella armata, Gill Long-teeth Giinther in 1868 referred this species to Corvina, and so I suppose would now place it in Sciana, Jordan places both C. ronchus and B. armata in Scicna. Liv. genus OroLiraus, Cuv. In this genus the lower jaw is longest, which is never the case in Sciwna. 124. Otolithus regalis (Bl. Schn.) C. & V. Back with darker oblique streaks, following the transverse series of scales. Prceoperculum with small den- ticulations. 125. O.nothus, Holbr. Coloration uniform, back with indistinct oblique streaks. ty. genus Larimus, C. & V. 126. Larimus breviceps, C.& V. Jew Harp Drummer, First dorsal blackish, with a triangular white spot before the base of each spine. 127. L. dentex,(C. & V.) Giinth. Corvina dentex of Hill’s list. The scales speckled with minute brown dots. ivr. genus Mrcrorogon, C. & V. 128. Micropogon fownierii, (Desm.) Jord. Mongalar Drummer. M. lineatws of Hill’s list, and recorded by Giinther as M. undulatus. Lvit. genus Equss, Bl., Schn. 129. Eques punctatus, Bl., Schn. Brown, sides of head with two vertical bands : sides of body with curved bands : vertical fins with bluish-white spots. 130. E. lanceolatus, (Gmel.) Giinth. EZ. balteatus of Hill’s list. Greyish-yellow, with three broad blackish- brown bands, edged with whitish. Family XIPHIIDA. Marine fishes, with elongate compressed body and a produced sword-shaped upper jaw. Lyi. genus Xipatas, Artedi. 131. NXiphias gladius, L. Sword-fish. Ventral fins none. Lix. genus HistiopHorvs, (Lacép.) Cuv. 132. Histiophorus gladius, (Brouss.) Lacép. H. ameri- canus of Hill’s list. Ventral fins present. Family TRICHIURIDA. Marine fishes, with elongate compressod band-like bodies covered with ininute scales or naked. Lx. genus, Tricnrurvs, L. 133. Trichiwus leptwrus, L. Cutlass-Fish. Dorsal ex- tending the whole length of the back, no caudal or ventral fins. Silvery. It is the gymnogaster of Brown, plate 45, fig. 4 LXxI. genus Gempyius, C. & V. 134. Gempylus serpens (Solander) C.& V. Figured by Sloane, pl. 1, fig, 2. Coloration uniform, upper part of dorsal tin black No scales. Family ACRONURID. Marine herbivorous fishes, with compressed ininutely- scaled bodies. One dorsal fin. Lx. genus TEUTHIS. 135. Teuthis hepatus, L. Doctor-Fish. Acanthwrus chi- rurgus of Hill’s list and of Giinther, Ground- colour brown,sometimes a whitish ring round the base of the caudal fin. Operculum with a black margin. Acanthwius phlebotomus of Cuy. & Val. is a synonym. 136. Teuthis coruleuns (Bl. & Schn.) Bean & Dresel. Doctor-Fish. Acanthwus ceruleus of Hills list. Brownish, with bluish longitudinal lines, undu- lating on the body. Jordan places this and the last species in Acanthwrus. 5 Family CARANGID. Marine fishes, with compressed oblong or elevated bodies covered with small scales or naked. Teeth, if present, conical. txrir. genus Caranx C, & V. (Horse- Mackerel.) 137. Caranx bartholomei, C. & V. Green Jack. 138. €. crwmenophthalmus (B1.) Lacép. First dorsal de- veloped, none of the rays elongate. Opercular spot more or less distinct. C. plumieri of C. & V. is a synonym. 139. C. macarellus,C.&V. Belongstosubg. Decapterus, Bleeker. Opercular spot small. A single pos- terior ray detached from dorsal or anal. 140. C.chrysos (Mitch.) Dekay. C. pisquetus of Hill’s list. Has a biack spot on the operculum. ; 141. C.hippos (L.) Giinth. Covally Jack. (C. carangus of Hill’s list. Opercular spot generally distinct. 142. ©. latus Agass. Horse-eye Jack. (C. fallax of Hill’s list is probably this. According to Bean & Dresel, Giinther confused this with (. hippos, and re- ferred the true C. hippos to carangus. Lxiy. genus Vomer, Cuvier. 143. Vomer setipinnis (Mitch.) Gill. Bessy Cockburn. High Forehead. Vomer brownii of Haill’s list. Uniform silvery, without sales, spinous dorsal and ventrals short. It is the Rhomboida of Browne,p. 455. Giinther refers it to Argyreiosus. LXV. genus SELENE, Lacép. 144. Selene argentea, Lac. Bessy Cockburn. High Forehead. Argyreiosus vomer of Giinther. Uni- form silvery, the prolonged tin-rays blackish. LXVI. genus CHLOROSCOMBRUS, ' iraid, 145. Chloroscombrus chryswrus (L.) Gill. Whiting. Mi- cropteryx chrysurus of Giinther. Coloration uni- form ; a blacki-h, squarish blotch on back of tail ; ventrals white. Seriola cosmopolita of Hill’s list is a synonym. LXVIL. genus SERIOLA, Cuvier. 146. Seriola falcata, C. & V. Coloration uniform, scales small. A synonym of S. rivoliana C. & V., ac- cording to Jordan. . lalandi, C. & V. Coloration uniform. Scales very small. Snout elongate, conical, twice the length of diameter of eye. At St. Helena it is called the Yellow-Tail. : Lxyur. genus Naucrates (Rafin.) Cuvier. 148. Nauerates ductor (L.) C. & V. Pilot-Fish. Bluish,’ with 5 to 7 dark vertical bars. LXIx. genus CHoRINEMUS, C. & V. 149, Chorinenws saliens (Bl.) C. & V. Coloration uni- form; height of body 43 in total length. Lxx. genus OLicoptites, Gill. 150. Oligoplites sawus (Bl. & Schn.) Jord. Sea Police- man. Chorinemus quiebra of Hill, and C. occiden- talis ot Giinther. Coloration uniform. LXxI genus TRacaynotus (Lacép.) C. & V. Originally spelled Trachinotus. Trichinotus of Hill’s list. 151. Trachynotus falcatus (L.) Jord, & Eigenm. Cobbler- fish. J’. rhomboides (Bl.) C.& V. 7. ovatus (L.) yar., Giinth. Jaws Toothed. 152. T. goreensis, C.& V. Dorsal, caudal, and anal lobes black. Height of body 2? in total length. 153. 7. glawus, (Bl.) C. & V. Height of body nearly 3 in total length. Silvery, with 4 blackish vertical streaks on side of back. 154. T. pamponus, C. & VY. Coloration uniform ; height of body 22 to 3 in total length. 1. eupreus, C. & V. is a synonym. Family CORY PHENIDE. Pelagic fishes with a single, long dorsal fin small, conical : or absent. LXXU. genus, CorypH.®NA (Artedi) C, & V. 155. Coryphena hippurus, L. ‘ihe only evidence of the occurrence of this fish is Hill’s doubtful record under the name C. dorado. Thisis the fish com- monly, but erroneously, called the Dolphin. The colours change rapidly while the fish is dying. Family SCOMBRID. Marine fishes, with elongate compressed bodies, scaled or naked. Two dorsal fins. LXXIII. genus ScompBer, Artedi. (Mackerel.) 156. Scomber pneumatophorus, De la Roche. S. gree of Hill’s list. Greenish-black with about 30 waving black transverse streaks. This species has an air-bladder, whereas S. scomber (Che common English mackerel) has none, LXXIv. genus ALBIcoRA, Jordan. The name Thynius has been generally used for these fishes, but is preoccupied by a similarly-named genus of insects. “ Orycnus’’ of Gill, a mere slip 147. mR Teeth PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAICA. 11 for Orcynus, Cuvier, was suggested by Cooper as available, and afterwards taken up asa name for the present genus by Gill himself (Proc. U.S. Na- tional Museum, 1888, p. 319.). It seems to me, however, that a name thus originating ought to be neglected, as being at best but a synonym of Orcy- nus; and Jordan’s title therefvre remains valid, unless with Giinther we merge the species with long and moderate pectoral fins in a single genus. 157. Albicora alliterata (Raf.) Bonito. Thynnus thun- nina of Giinther. 158. A. pelamys(L.) Bonito. Back bluish ; 4 brownish longitudinal bands on each side of the belly. 159. A. coretta (C. & V.) Uniform lead-colour above, silvery beneath. 160. A. sloaner (C.& V.) Auxis sloanei of Hill’s list. Giinther gives this as doubtfully identical with Thynnus albacora, Lowe, but Sloane’s figure has the pectorals much too short for that, although it agrees in the faleate second dorsal and anal fins. LXxv. genus Auxis, C. & V. 161. Auwis rochei (Risso) Giinth. Back blue, variegated with darker,—unifor » in old age. Belly silvery. A keel on each side of tail. Lxxvr. genus Cyprum, Cuvier, Has a keel on each side of tail. 162. Cybium regale (B1.) C. & V. terior part of d rsal black. 163. C.caballa, C.& V. Pectoral scaly at base only. First dorsal blackish above 164, C. maculatum (Mitch.) Agass. Anterior part of first dorsal black; sides with rounded blackish spots. Teeth rather conical. 165. C. solandri, C. & V. 186. C. immaculatum, C. & V. 167. ©. acerveum, C. & V. Thisand the last two are given by Giinther as insufficiently known species. Jordan calls this genus by Lacépéde’s name Scombero- mMoOrUs. LXxvul. genus EcHenets, Artedi. 168. Echeneis naucrates, L. Sucking- Fish. of Hill’s list. Suctorial disc with 22 to 23 laminze. 169. ZH. holbrookii, Ginther. Brown ; generally a black band, edged with white, along the side. Very similar to E. naucrates, but disc longer compared to length of fish, and composed of only 21 laminze. Jordan places this genus in a distinct family, Hche- neidide. Family STROMATEIDA. Dorsal fin single, long, without distinct spinous divi- sions. Stromateus was formerly placedin Scombridee. LXXVIII. genus SrRoMATEvS, Artedi. 170. Stromateus alepidotus (L.) Jord. & Guilb. Fish. S. gardenii of Giinther. Coloration uniform. Height of body 1% in total length. Jordan refers this to S, parw, Linn, in Proc. U.S. N. Mus. 1886. Family ELACATIDA. Formerly referred to Scombridie, byt separated by Gill as a distinct family. Lxxix. genus Exnacatz, ©. & V. 171. EHlacate canada (L) Gill. Shark-Waiting-Boy. L. nigra of Giinther. E, falcipinnis of Gosse. Back and upper half of sides brownish or bluish-black, with a light longitudinal band. Pectoral scaly. An- E. albicauda Puppy- Family TRACHINID&. Carnivorous marine fishes, with elongate bodies, living at the bottom, near the shore. LXxx. genus OpisrogNnatHus, Cuvier & Val. 172. Opistognathus cuvieri, C. & V. (non Cuv., Regne Anim.). Has a black ovate spot between the 4th and 8th dorsal spines. Jordan puts this genus in a family Opistognathide. Family MALACANTHID A. Marine fishes, with elongate bodies covered with very small scales, and with very long dorsal and anal fins. LXxxr genus Manacanruus, Cuvier. 173. Malacanthus plumierii (BL) C. & V. Scales minutely ciliated. Operculum withaspine. Lobes of caudal fin elongate. Sunshine. Family PEDICULATI. Marine carnivorous fishes, with very large heads and without scales. LXXXII. genus ANTENNARIUS, Commers. 174. Antennarius tigris (Poey) Giinth. Sea Toad. 175. A. multiocellatus (C.& V.) Giinth. Chironectes mul- tiocellatus of Hill’s list. Red, with several smallocelli on body, and violet dots chiefly conspicuous on the membranes of the verti- cal fins. Cutaneous fringes none. A. ocellatus (Bl. & Schn.) Giinth. ocellatus of Hill’s list. Whitish, with a black ocellus on the middle of the base of the dorsal, and another on the body, oppo- site the vent. This species was founded on a figure by Parra, and when Giinther wrote in 1861, was otherwise unknown to ichthyologists. 177. A. histrio (L.) Giinth. Chironectes scaber of Hill’s list. Lophius of Browne. Skin very rough, covered with small spines. Ground- colour yellowish or reddish, with numerous brown spots Sometimes uniform brown. Jordan calls this species A. scaber, Cuy. LXXxur. genus Marne (Cuy.) Giinth. 178. Malthe vespertilio (L.) C. & V. Guperva of Browne. Forehead produced into a subconical process. There are two forms :— (1.) vespertilio, type. total length. (2.) var. nasuta (C. & V) Malthea nasuta of Hill’s list. Snout 1/13th of total length. Family TRIGLIDA. Carnivorons, mostly Marine fishes, with oblong com- pressed or subcylindrical bodies, and wide cleft mouths. They live at the bottom of the water. Included in Cottidz by Giinther in his later work. LXXXIv. genus Prionorus (Lacép.) Cuv. 179. Prionotus punctatus (Bl.) C. & V. Cooke. Dorsal and caudal fins spotted with brown, first dorsal with a black blotch; pectoral with brownish- black spots, and margined with blue. Family DACTYLOPTERID A. Dactylopterus is in the ‘Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.” Vol. II, placed in Triglide, but in the “ Introduc- tion to the Study of Fishes” it appears. under Cataphracti. Finally, in 1885, it is referred by Gill to a separate tamily,as above. It has the pectoral very long, adapted for flying, with the lower portion detached and shorter. LXxxv. genus Dacryioprerus, Lacép. 180. Dactylopterus volitans (L.) Giinth. Cooke. Gurnard. Pectorals spotted with light blue; each ray of the second dorsal with 4 or 5 brown spots. Family GOBIIDA, Carnivorous fishes, with elongate low, naked, or scaly bodies, living at the bottom of the shallow seas or freshwaters of temperate or tropical regions. Individuals of the same species often differ in in- habiting exclusively fresh or salt water. LXXXviI. genus Gosrus, Artedi. 181. Gobius cyprinoides, Pall. Yellowish-brown, first dorsal black, the other greyish. Caudal with nu- merous brownish dots. ‘lhis species is the type of Gill’s genus Lophogobius. 182. G. soporator, C. &V. Dark brownish-olive, marbled with darker, and with lighter dots along the series of scales. Ventrals blackish. A very widely dis- tributed species, also found in the Mediterranean, 183. G, banana, C. & V. Ventrals and anal white. Brownish-olive, spotted with dark brown, &c. Enters freshwater. Jordan and Higenmann place this as a synonym of Chonophorus taiasica (Licht.) Jord. 184. G. lanceolatus, Bl.* Brownish-grey, caudal fin elon- gated, pointed. No tentacle above the orbit. A freshwaterfish. G.bacalaus,C. & V.,is asynonym, 185. G. smaragdus, C.& V. Apparently allied to lanceo- latus, but given by Ginther as an insufliciently- known species. Chironectes Snout 1/9th or 1/10th of Flying * Jordan and Eigenmann regard this as a synonym of G. oceanicus Pallas 12 INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. Lxxxvii. genus Exzorris, Gronoy. A genus of freshwater fishes. 186. Eleotris dormitatrix (Bl. & Schn.) Cuy. Philypnus dormitator of Hill’s list. Body brownish, marbled with darker : head with two brown stripes. Fins rose-coloured, with series of brown spots. 187. E. smaragdus, C. & V. Brown, dorsal fins brown- spotted. Scales very small. Caudal pointed. 188. E. gyrinus,C.& V. Palateentirely smooth. Brown, verticals with brown dots; temple with two darker stripes. Jordan and Eigenmann place this as a synonym of ZH. pisonis (Gmel.) J. & E. 189. E guavina, C. & V. Blackish-brown, fins black. Jordan and Higenmann refer this to a distinet genus, Guavina Bleeker, the name of the species becom- ing Guawina guavina (C. & V.) J. & E. Family BLENNIIDA. Carnivorus fishes, with long subcylindrical naked bo- dies, living at the bottom of shallow water in seas, or tidal rivers. LXXXVIII. genus SALARIAS, Cuvier. 190. Salarias atlanticus, C. & V. Nocreston head. Uni- form brown, or with dark vertical bands ; dorsal and parts of caudal margined with whitish. Sometimes a black spot behind the eye. LXXXIx. genus Ciinus, Cuvier. 191. Clinus nuchipinnis, Quoy & Gaim. OC. capillatus and C. pectinifer of Hill’s list. Brown or brownish, with more or less distinct darker vertical bands ; generally a black (sometimes white-edged) spot on operculum. Viviparous. Family SPHYRASNID. Elongate, subcylindrical marine fishes, covered with small cycloid scales. xc. genus SpHyr#NA, Artedi. 192. Sphyrena picuda, Bl. & Schn, Barracouta or Bar- racuda. S. barracuda and NS. picuda of Hill’s list. Above uniform greenish lead-colour, beneath sil- very, sometimes with dark blotches on the sides. 193. S. sphyrena (L.) Bl. snit. 8. guaguanche of Bean and Dresel. S. vulgaris of Giinther. Family ATHERINIDA. Carnivorous marine fishes, many entering fresh-water ; with more or less elongate, subcylindrical bodies, covered with scales of moderate size. xol. genus ATHERINA, Artedi. 194, Artherina stipes, Mill. & Trosch. Has two series of small black dots along the side of the tail. 195. A. martinica, C. & V. Scales with the margin cre- nulated. Family MUGILID. Freshwater and marine fishes, with oblong compressed bodies, cycloid scales, and small mouths, often with- out teeth. xeur. genus Muar, Artedi 196. Mugil curema, C. & V. Mullet. M. brasiliensis of Ginther. Anal fin with 9 soft rays. Shining stripes along the series of scales, often a blackish spot superiorly at the base of the pectoral. The soft dorsal and the caudal with blackish margins. Mugil petrosus of Hill’s list is perhaps not specifi- cally distinct. 197. M. lineatus, Mitch, Cuy. & Val. along the series of scales. 198. WM. liza, C.& V. Anal fin with 8 soft rays. Eye hidden behind an adipose membrane. Jordan places this as a synonym of M. brasiliensis, Agass. (non Giinth.) 199. M. albula, L. Given by Giinther on an insufii- ciently-known species. 200. M. plumieri, Bl. A doubtful species allied to M. cephalus. 201. M. equinoculus. 202. M. capitulinus. The last six are given solely on Hill’s authority. It is evident that our mullets need further study. xc. genus Aconostoma, (Benn.) Giinth. A genus of freshwater fishes. 203. Agonostoma monticola, (Baner.) Giinth. Mugil urrebitus of Gosse. Dajaus monticola of Hill’s list. Interorbital space convex. Has dark stripes 204. A. choirorynchus, (Hill.) Dajaus choirorynchus of Hill’s list. ‘ Double the size of the monticola, and found in the same waters.” May this be the same as A. percoiaes, Giinth., which is quoted with a query from Jamaica? (Cat. Fish. Br. Mus. vol. iii. p. 465.) A percoides has the interorbital space flat. Family FISTULARIID. Marine fishes, very elongate, with long tubular mouth and small teeth. Scales none. or small. xery. genus Fisruzaria, Linn, 205. Fistularia tabaccaria, L. Scaleless. Greenish olive, with blue spots and stripes along the upper parts of head and body. xcey. genus AuxLostoma, Lacép. 206. Aulostoma coloratum, Mill. & Trosch. With small scales. Anterior rays of soft dorsal and anal fins with a black cross-band, parallel to, and some- what remote from, the base of the fins. Ventrals immaculate. Jordan regards this as a synonym of A. maculatum, Val. Order ACANTHOPTERYGIL PHARYNGOGNATHI. Family POMACENTRIDA, Marine fishes, with short compressed bodies covered with toothed scales, and with feeble dentition. XCvL genus PomacrentrRus, (Lacép ) C. & V. Pomacentrus leucostictus, Mill. & Trosch. Height of body more than one-third of total length. Forehead without longitudinal lines. Nearly uniform brown ; or browish-black above, yellow- ish-gren on sides and belly, and yellow on the posterior part of the tail and the caudal fin. Bluish-white dots on head, back, ete. 208. P, planifrons, CV. & V. Brown, a black spot (supe- riorly in the axil of the pectoral, and a blackish. pest on the back of the tail. Interorbital space at. xevul, genus GLyPHIpopon, (Lacép.) Giinth. 209. Glyphivodon chrysurus, C. & V. Teeth in upper jaw movable. Brown; dorsal, anal, and ventral fins black, caudal yellow. Blue dots round the eyes and on back. 210. G. sawatilis, (L.) C.& V. five black cross bands. xovit. genus Hetrastes, (C. & V.) Giinth. 211. Heliastes insolatus, C. & . Brownish, with metal- lic reflections ; the scales on upper side of head and anterior part of back each with a blue dot. The young have blue lines on the forehead, and a black spot behind the dorsal fin. In 1868 Hill records a species H. insolens—doubtless intended for insolatus, Family LABRIDAS. (Wrasses.) Herbivorous or carnivorous marine fishes’ with ob- long or el.ngate bodies covered with cycloid scales. Teeth adapted for crushing the shells of Mollusca, One dorsal fin. Ventral fins thoracic, with one spine and five soft rays. Lips often thick. Gosse (Nat. Soj. Ja. p. £5) recorded a species of Labrus, bat no doubt it belonged to one of the ge- nera mentioned below. xcix. genus Lacnnotmuus,C & V. 212. Lachnolemus swillus, C. &V. Boar-fish. Hog-fish, Pig-fish. L. faleatus of Giinther. L. swillus, L. aivula, L. dux, L. caninus, and L. psittacus of Hill’s list. Anterior Gorsal spines and caudal lobes produced into more or less long filaments. Generally a black spot at the base of the poste- rior dorsal rays. c. genus Cossyruus, C. & V. 213. Cossyphus rufus, (L.) Giinth. C. bodianus of Hill’s list. Yellowish, the upper parts backwards to the origin of the soft dorsal fin reddish-brown ; sometimes more uniform. cr. genus Novaccna, C. & V. Novacula lineata (* Gm.”, C. & V.) Giinth. Rose- coloured, a large oblong pearly blotch on side of belly, &c. Xyrichthys lineatus of Hill’s list. 215. N. martinicensis, (C.& V.) Giinth. Rose-coloured, each scale with a vertical streak. Head immacu- late, Xyrichthys martinicensis of Hill’s list. to o bo | Teeth fixed. Body with 214, 216. 217, 218. 219, 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225, 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAICA. cil. genus Piatye.ossus, Klein. This includes several species which appear under Julis in Hill’s list. As now restricted, Plutyglossus has a posterior canine tooth, and nine dorsal spines, while Julis has no posterior canine, and ten dorsal spines. Platyglossus bivittatus, (Bl.) Giinth. Rainbow. Base of dorsal fin violet, two or three narrow lines along its upper half. Base of pectorals whitish, without black spot. A brown band runs from snout through eye, &c. Julis psittaculus of Hill’s list is a synony 1. P. cyanostigma, (C, & V.) Giinth, Reddish-olive, each scale on the tail and along the lateral line with a blue spot, Two indistinct light banas along the body. Back with 3 blackish blotches, Dorsal fin with blue spots, &c. P, ruptus, (Poey.) Giinth, Upper parts greenish, the soft dorsal with oblique brown streaks. Cau- dal with 5 blue bands, &c, “ P, patatus, (C. & V,) Giinth. A doubtful species, which seems to have been confused with cyanos- tigma and ruptus. P.crotaphus, (C. & V.) Giinth. Green, head and caudal with red streaks, Dorsal red; anal with a band along the middle. P. dimidiatus, (Agass.) Julis dimidiatus of Hill’s list. Perhaps the same species as P. internasalis (Poey,) Giinth., but the streak on the temple seems to be wanting. P. garnoti, (C. & V.) Giinth. Bluish or greenish ; back red. Spinous dorsal bluish black, the soft lighter, with red spots along base. Anal with a series of blue dots near base, caudal with ten cross- bands. P. principis, (C. & V.) Giinth. Caudal truncate. Body without apparent markings ; head with blue bands, dorsal and anal fins blue edged, the latter with two violet bands. P. opalinus, (C. & V.) Giinth. Caudal truncate. Bluish iridescent, head with blue lines; dorsal blue, anal with two violet streaks ; caudal striped with violet. cur. genus Junis, C. & V. Julis bifasciata, (Bloch.) Ginth. Head bluish ; body green ; trunk behind the head black, with a broad whitish cross-band. The spinous dorsal nearly all black, the soft light violet, the margin of the entire fin white. J. nitida, Giinther. Dorsal brownish,'margin white ; anal white. A violet band runs through the eye. J. detersor, C. & V. Head, thorax, anterior portion of dorsal, extremity of pectoral and caudal lobes blackish-violet ; the remainder greenish. civ. genus Ciepricus, C. & V Clepticus genizarra, C.& V. The 4th and 5th rays of the dorsal, and the 7th and tth of the anal produced. Caudal forked. cy. genus Scarvs, Forsk. Fishes formerly referred to Scarus are now in part referred to Psewdoscarus and Sparisoma. Callyodon is also closely allied. Scarus proper has the lower jaw projecting beyond the | upper, and only a single series of scales on the cheek. Scarus frondosus, “C. & V.” Giinth. Olive, with three indistinct light longitudinal bands. Fins punctulated with white, except spinous dorsal, which is marbled with brownish. S.rubripimmis, C. & “. Violet-olive; fins, except the spinous dcrsal, orange. Caudal truncated. Perhaps only the adult state of S. frondosus. S. aracanga, Giinth, Uniform dark purplish-violet. 10 inches long. S. chrysopterus, Bl., Schn. dal with a green band. pectoral, S. aurofrenatus, C. & V. A yellow band from upper lip to lower orbital margin, &e. Anal with a vio- let margin. Caudal with a broad whitish poste- rior margin, and with black corners. CyI. genus, SPARISOMA. Sparisoma catesbyi (LaC.) Bean. Parrot-Fish. Green, a large white blotch at root of caudal; gill- membrane red; caudal with a narrow red cres- cent, &e. Blue, fins yellowish, cau- A black spot in axil of 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 203. 13 S. radians (C. & V.) Bean. Grassy Ground Parrot. Reddish- olive, lower parts of anal fin rose-colour, anal with 4 oblique dark spots, &. cvir. genus, Pseuposcarus, Bleeker. The upper jaw projecting beyond the lower; two or more series of scales on the cheek. Pseudoscarus gnacamaia, (C, & V.) Giinth. Parrot- Fish. Brownish, with jaws and naked parts of head green. Fins dark, margins of dorsal, anal, and ventral green. P. psittacus (L.) Giinth. Scarus vetula of Hill’s list. Green, upper part of head and nape reddish. A broad yellow band from above pectoral nearly to middle of tail. Caudal green, with the upper and lower margins yellow. P. croicensis (Bl.) P.sancteecrucis of Giinther. very, with three red longitudinal bands. alternans of Hill’s list is a synonym. P.chloris (Bl. & Schn.) Ginth. ‘l'here are two forms of this fish :— (1.) chloris, type. Nearly uniform green. Sil- Scarus (2.) var. quadrispinosus (C. & V.) Uniform brownish. Scarus quadrispinosus of Hill’s list. P. virens (C. & V.) P. chloris. P. coeruleus (Bl.) Ginth. Uniform blue, jaws whitish. Perhaps only the old state of P. chloris. P. aracanga, Giinther. Uniform violet-purple. Jaws rosy. Has the same coloration as Scarus aracanga ‘with which it may be easily con- founded.” P. teniopterus (Desm.) Giinth. Olive,a yellow band laterally ; two green streaks on each side of snout ; upper and lower margins of caudal green, &c., Scarus diadema of Hill’slist is perhaps not specifi- cally distinct from this. P. flavomarginatus (C. & V,) Giinth, P. turchesius (C. & V.) Giinth. P. celestinus (C.& V.) Giinth. P. punctulatus (C. & V.) Giinth. The last four are solely on Hill’s authority as Jamaican, Giinther, Cat. Fish. Br. Mus., vol. iv, p. xv. places them in Pseudoscarus, but treats them as doubtful or insufficiently known. cviil. genus, CatLyopon, (Gronoy.) C. & V, Resembles Scarus, but the dorsal spines are flexible, and the upper lip is double posteriorly only. Callyodon auropunctatus, C.& V. Greenish, verti- cals with small rosy spots; a reddish streak from angle of mouth to eye, another on cheek, anda third on temple. C. ustus, C. & V. Brownish, marbled with darker. Order ANACANTHINI. Vertical and ventral fins without spinous rays. Family OPHIDIID. Vertical fins generally united: no separate anterior dorsal or anal: ventrals rudimentary or absent. crx. genus, Broruna, Cuvier. Brotula barbata (Schn.) Cuv. Deepwater Cod, Snout with barbels. veloped in thick skin. It is worth noticing, that in the subterranean caves of Cuba there is a most remarkable blind genus of this family, Zucifuga. Is it not possible that a careful search might reveal a similar form in the cayes of Jamaica ! Family, PLEURONECTID (Flat- Fishes). cx. genus RHOMBUS. Eyes on the left side ; scales none or small. Rhombus canthurus. R. marmoratus. These two fishes are given in Hill’s list: very probably they belong to some other genus. cxr. genus RaomsBorpicutHys, Bleeker. Eyes on the left side; scales ciliated. Rhomboidichthys hinatus (L.) Giinth. Rhombus argus of Gosse and Hill. Brown, with large, rounded, light spots, surrounded by a blue ring. Two blackish blotches on. the lateral line. Fins and head with small blue spots. cxtt. genus CirHaricuTHys, Bleeker Eyes on the left side. Perhaps only a synonym of Fins en- Browned Nose or © 14 INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA. 254, Citharichthys spilopterus, Giinther. Greyish-olive, with a series of distant blackish spots along the basal portions of the anal and dorsalfins, Seven inches long. cxim. genus Hemiruomsus, Bleeker. Eyes on the left side. 255. Hemirhombus aramaca (Cuy.) Giinth. Brown, marbled with darker, and with numerous round light spots. Cxiv, genus Baostoma. 256. Beostoma reticulatum (Poey) Bean, Solea reticulata of Giinther. oxy, genus Songa, Cuvier. Eyes on the right side. 257. Solea inscripta (Gosse) Giinth. Monochirus inserip- tus of Gosse. Yellowish olive, head, body, &c. covered with a network of black lines. Caudal yellowish, with a few brownish dots. 258. S. maculipinnis (Agass.)Giinth. Brownish, verticals with brown spots, body with rather scattered spots, and about 8 vertical black lines. The young have some whitish spots. 259. S. brownii, Giinther. Brownish, with about 8 blaok vertical lines and scattered brown spots. Pecto- rals none. Dr. Giinther does not give this as Jamaican, but it is the Passer of Sloane, ii, p. 277 ; and the Pleuronectes of Browne, p. 448, No.1, cxvi. genus ApHorIstTa, Kaup. Eyes on the left side. 260. Aphorista ornata (Lacép.) Kaup. Pectorals none. Brownish, uniform or with irregular dark cross- bands. Order PH YSOSTOMI. Fin-rays articulated. Family SCOPELIDA, Marine fishes, somewhat resembling freshwater Silu- ride. Barbels none. Air-bladder none. CXVII. genus Synopus, Gronoy. Dr. Giinther refers these species to Sawrus, Cuy., but Synodus seems to have priority. 261. Synodus fetens (L.) Gill. Mucco Robin. fin higher than long. 262. S. intermedius (Spix). Dorsaland caudal fins with brownish transverse bands. A black blotch on the scapulary part of the gill-opening. 263. S. myops (Forst., Bl. Schn.). Scapula black ; tail compressed. Dorsal fin as high as long. Family CYPRINIDA. Freshwater fishes, generally scaly, with no adipose fin, and pharyngeal teeth only, the mouth being . toothless. cxvil. genus Carasstus, Nilsson. 264. Carassius awatus (L.) Bleeker. Gold-Fish. Barbels none. Of course an introduced species. Family CYPRINODONTID./. Freshwater fishes, covered with scales, the sexes fre- quently differing, mostly viviparous. Barbels none. exix. genus Haprnocuitus (McClell) Giinth. 265. Haplochilus melanoplewrus (Gosse) Giinth. Pecilia melapleura of Gosse. Sides of abdomen silvery, the portion above the silvery being black. cxx, genus Pacrita, Bl, Schn. 266. Pecilia vivipara, Bl. Sch. P. swrinamensis of Hill’s list. Greenish,each scale with the margin brown- ish, dorsal fin with a blackish spot in the middle. Caudal with a black spot. Apparently an im- ported species. 267. P.dominicensis, C. & V. 23 inches long; caudal ‘ two with light brownish cross-bands. 268. P. melanogaster, Giinther. 2 to 21 inches long. Belly silvery in anterior half, and deep black posteriorly, the two colours sharply separated from each other. Only doubtfully Jamaican. Family SCOMBRESOCID AL. Marine or freshwater fishes, with scaly bodies and a series of keeled scales along each side of the belly, Air-bladder generally present. cxxI, genus Exocarus. (Flying-fish.) Flounder. Dorsal 269. Hzxocetus hillianus, Gosse. Pectoral uniform black- ish; ventral fins blackish; the upper anterior half of dorsal black. Recorded from Bluefield’s Bay by Gosse, Nat, Soj. Ja. p.12. Hill quotes the genus but does not state the species. cxx!I. genus HeEMIRHAMPHUS, Cuvier. 270. Hemirhamphus balao, Le Sueur. Piper. H. brasi- liensis of Hill’s list. Sides without silvery band, 271. HH. wnifasciatus, Ranzani. Back dark greenish, sides with a well defined silvery band as broad as a scale. 272. H. pleii, C.& V. Back dark greenish, sides without well-defined silvery band. 273. H. apicalis. Given in Hill’s list. oxxin. genus TyLosuRus. This would apparently be included under Belone as understood by Giinther. In Bean and Dresel’s list three species are placed in T'ylosimus, as below. The rest I leave in Belone as they appear in the records. 274. Tyloswrus notatus (Poey) Jord, & Gilb. Long-Jaw. Belone notata of Ginther. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. Scales of moderate size. T. gladius, Bean. Guard-Fish. 276. TT. ewyops, Bean & Dresel. Long-Jaw. Eye large, otherwise very similar to 7’. depressus (for which see under Belone). cxxiy. genus Breton, Cuvier. 277. Belone depressa, “ Poey,” Giinth. silvery below : caudal fin forked. 278. B. truncata, Les. Scales very thin and small: the superciliary region generally faintly striated. 279. B. gerania Cuv. & Val. Beak very thick and short. Hye large. 280. B.caribbea, Les., Ginth. Scales minute: caudal fin forked . posterior anal rays not produced. 281. B.hians,C.& V. No teeth on the palate: scales small, adherent : caudal fin deeply torked. 282. B.crocodilus (Les.) Given by Hill, but according to Giinther, it is asynonym of B. choram (Fork.) Giinth., an East African species. 283. B.argalus.C.&V. 284. B.ciconella,C. & V. This and the last are given by Giinther as doubtful or insufficiently known species. Family ESOCIDA. (Pikes.) cxxv. genus Hsox (Artedi) Cuvier. 285. Hsow niger, Lesueur. Given in Hill’s list as EZ, ameri- canus ; it must have been introduced. Has a very distinct black suborbital band. Family CLUPEID. (Herrings.) Marine scaly fishes, without barbels, and with the abdomen often compressed and serrated. cxxvi, genus Eneravtis Cuvier. 286. Engraulis brown (L.) Giinth. Menidia of Browne. Has a well-defined intensely silvery band along the side. #. tricolor, Ag., is a synonym. Green above, . CXXVII. genus STOLEPHORUS. This and the next genus are hardly to be separated from Engraulis. 287. Stolephorus productus, (Poey) Bean & Dresel. Grub- ber Broad-Head. Hngraulis productus of Giin- ther. Teeth in upper jaw only, and minute: co- loration uniform, CXXVIII. genus CETENGRAULIS, Giinther. 288. Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuy.) Giinth. Trapong Fry. Sprat of Sloane. Teeth none: coloration uni- form. CXXIX. genus CHAToEssus, Cuvier. Chatoessus trapong. Mentioned in Hill’s list : may it be Cetengraulis ? ‘ Trapong” is perhaps not intended as part of a scientific name. Compare the original list with the reprint of 1881. 289. OXXX. genus OPISTHONEMA. 290. Opisthonema ogling (LeSueur) Goode & Bean. Sprat. Clupea thrissa of Ginther. No teeth in the palate. An indistinct bluish spot on the shoulder. Each scale on the back with a dark spot, the spots forming longitudinal series. The Chatoessus ewmorphus of Gosse is perhaps a syn- onym. PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAICA. 15 CxxxI. genus CrureEa, Artedi. 291. Clupea humeralis (C. & V.) Giinther. C. clwpeola (C & V.) White Bill. Pincers. Harengula clu- peola of Gosse and Hill’s list. Teeth forming ovate patches. Silvery, back with some darker greenish longitudinal streaks, a dark spot supe- riorly in the gill-opening. Apparently clupeola is the prior name, haying been proposed on an earlier page of the work in which it and humeralis appeared. 292. C. pscudohispanica (Poey) Giinth. Bang. 293. C. macrophthalma, Ranzani. Teeth distinct, form- ing ovate patches. Silvery, back with some dark longitudinal streaks. 294, ©. apicalis (Mill. & Trosch.) Giinth. Alosa apicalis of Hill’s list. Scales silvery, each scale on belly marked with a copper-coloured spot. Point of snout above and beneath black : a black spot over each eye. Point of dorsal fin black, and also the posterior edge of the forked caudal. ; ; 295. C. bishopi (Mull. & Trosch) Giinth. Alosa bishopi of Hill’s list. Has a black spot behind the oper- culum, which is wanting in C. opicalis, and the dorsal fin is without the black mark. It has in- distinct longitudinal lines. oxxyir. genus SprRATELLOIDEs, Blkr. 296. Spratelloides lamprotenia (Gosse) Giinth. Clupea lamprotenia of Gosse. Belongs perhaps to a dif- ferent genus. Sides with a well-defined silvery band. Some minute teeth in the jaws. Length 23 inches. cCXxx1II. genus ALBULA, Gronoy. 297, Albula conorhynchus, Bl., Schn. Uniform silvery. G J cxxxiv. genus Exors, L. 98. Elops sauwrus, L. John Mariggle. Bony-Fish. Upper jaw shorter than lower. Uniform silvery. There is a figure of this fish in Dr Giinther’s “ Introd. Stud. Fish.” p. 661. exxxy. genus Mrecators (Commers.) Lacép. Scales large. Pseudobranchiz none. Amia of Brown. 299. Megalops thrissoides (Bl., Schn.) Giinth. Ventral fin conspicuously in advance of the origin of the dorsal. Enters fresh waters. CXXXVI. genus CHIROCENTRODON, Giinther. 300° = Chirocentrodon teniatus, Giinther. Length 3}inches. A pair of strong canine teeth anteriorly in lower jaw. A narrow silvery band along the side of the body. Family MURAZNIDA. (Eels.) Marine or freshwater fishes, with cylindrical or band- % like bodies and no ventral fins. CXxXxvil. genus ANGUILLA (Thunb.) Cuv. 301. An unidentified species is recorded by Hill. CXXXVIII. genus Concer, Cuvier 202. Conger conger (.) Giinth. Deep-water eel. Conger niger of Bean and Dresel. CXXXIx. genu: Opuicutnys, Ahl. 303. An unidentified species is recorded by Hill under Ophiswrus. CXL. genus Sipera, Kaup. Dr. Giinther leaves this as part of Murenua. 3804. Sidera moringa (Cuv.) Jor. Murray Eel. thorax rostratus of Hill. the white (which is really the ground-colour) appearing as a fine network. 305. S funebris (Ranz) Jor. Conger Eel, (so called, but the true Conger Kel is Conger conger.) Murena afra of .Giimther. Dorsal fin not elevated. Brownish-black ; fins without light edge. exutr. genus Mur@na, Artedi. urena ocellata (Agass.) Jenyns. with white spots. lrecords a Gymnothorax immaculatus, which must ma Murena or Sidera. May it be S. funebris ? CXLIL\cenus Mux2Nnesox, McClell. Tail longty or not much shorter than the trunk. End of tail surrounded by fin. Nostrils superior or lateral. Tongue not free. Pectorals present. Jaws with canine teeth in front. No scales. 308. Murenesox savanna (Cuy.) Kaup. Snout not much elongate. Gymno- 306. 307. Brownish grey. Brownish-black with | Order, LOPHOBRANCHII. Family. SYNGNATHIDZ. Small marine fishes, with a very small gill opening, and one soft dorsal fin. CXLII. genus SyNenatuus, Artedi. Tail not prehensile ; caudal fin present. 309. 310. 311. Hill records three unidentified species. The compiler of this list has seen a large species caught at Kingston. cxuty. genus Hippocampus, Leach, (Sea-Horse.) 312. Hippocampus guttulatus, Cuy. Dr. Giinther records Jamaican specimens of the nearly uniform dark brown variety : and there are specimens of this species in the Museum of the Institute which were caught at Kingston. till recorded Hippo- campus longirostris, but probably intended the present species. Dr. Giinther gives H. longirostris, Cuy. as doubtfully identical with H. longirostris, Schleg., a species of China and Japan. Order PLECTOGNATHI. Fishes covered with rough scales or shields, haying a narrow mouth, and soft posterior dorsal fin. Ven- tral fin none, or reduced to spines. Family SCLERODERMI. Jaws toothed, cxLy. genus, Banisres, Artedi. (File Fishes.) 313. Balistes vetula, L. Old Wench. Old Wife. Tail without spines or tubercles. Caudal fin with an upper and lower bluish margin, and with an intra- marginal posterior bluish band. 314. B. maculatus, Gm. Brown, with round or ovate whitish spots. 315. B. ringens, L. Each scale with a blackish spot at the base: tail without spines or tubercles. 316. B. buniva, Lacép. Tail with raised spiny lines. Black: a white line along the base of the dorsal and anal fins. CXLYI. genus, Monacantuvs, Cuvier Only one dorsal spine present. 317. Monacanthus pardalis, Riipp. varieties occur :— Bessy Corca. Two (1.) Uniform brown or brownish-black., (2.) Several more or less distinct light longitudi- nal bands along the tail. Head with undu- lated bluish streaks. Body sometimes with scattered light round spots, each with a dark speck in the centre. 318. M.hispidus, L. Turbot (so-called). M. setifer of Giinther. The variety recorded by Dr. Giinther 1s brown, with obscure blackish spots or streaks : dorsal spine strong, more than half the length of head. 319. M. occidentalis, Giinther. This has not been re- corded from Jamaica as such, but I suppose the M. tomentosus of Hill’s list to be identical with it. M. occidentalis has the ventral spine movable tapering, rough, very small, brownish, marbled with darker, CXLVII. genus, ALUTERA. Dr. Giinther does not separate this from Monacanthus. 320. Alutera scripta (Osbeck) Bleeker. Mingo. Dorsal spine very feeble. Head and body with irregular blue spots and lines, and small round black spots. CXLVIII. genns, OstTRAcION, Artedi. (Coffer Fishes.) 321. Ostracion triquetrum, L. Trunk Fish. 0. triqueter of Hill’s list. Body and tail covered with small white spots nearly as large as the pupil of the eye. Lips, roots of the fins, root of the tail, and margin of the caudal black. Abdomen whitish, immacu- late. 322. O. bicaudale, LL. Trunk Fish. Carapace, tail, and caudal fin with numerous small, round, brown spots. O. bicaulis of Hill’s list is no boubt the same. 323. O. quadricorne, L. Cockle Fish. Each scute of carapace with a bluish spot or ring, or with a light, brown-edged ocellus. Caudal fin long. 324. . trigonus, L. Carapace and tail with some scat- tered small whitish spots. 16 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA, PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE FISHES OF JAMAICA. O. cornutus. Recorded by Hill, but it appears to be wrongly identified. O cornutus, L., is a species of the Indian Ocean, in which the carapace and tail have round bluish and blackish spots, and the interorbital space is deeply concave. Family GYMNODONTES. Jaws modified into a beak. cxLix. genus TeTRopon, (L.) Giinth. Tetrodon testudineus, L. Porpoise (so-called). 7. ammocryptus of Gosse. Brownish-black above, with whitish lines : sides yellowish with brown spots : abdomen and fins immaculate. T. psittacus, Bl. Schn. Brownish, with six dark brown bands across the back. Very doubtfully Jamaican. cL. genus Diopon, L. Diodon litwrosus, Shaw. Sour-sop Fish. Our form has the spines long: and twe bands, and three spots, which generally have a light edge, also scattered round small black spots. It is the D. maculatus of Giinther. ~ D. hystriz, L. D atinga of Hill’s list. All the up- per and lateral parts of the fins with numerous small round black or brown spots, cLI. genus Cuitomycrerus, Bibron. Chilomycterus antennatus, (Cuv.) Kaup. Upperand lateral parts with numerous black dots, some with a bluish pupil. Abdomen brown: fins un- spotted. The Diodon orbicularis of Hill’s list is probably this. It can hardly be D. orbicularis, Bl., as that is equivalent to Chilomycterus orbicu- laris, (Bl.) Giinth., a specis of the Indian Ocean and Archipelago. cLI. genus OrrHacoriscus, (BL, Schn.) Nardo. (Sun-Fishes.) An unidentified species of this genus is recorded by Hill. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following works containing references to the fishes of Jamaica may be consulted in the Library of the Institute :— 1725. Sir Hans Sloane. A voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbadoes, Nieves, St. Christophers. and Jamaica, Vol. II. Of the Fishes of Jamaica, pp. 276-288. 1774. S. Long. The History of Jamaica. Vol. III. pp. 866-867. 1789. Patrick Browne. The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. Of Hishes, pp. 440-459. 1806. William Turton. A General System of Nature. Vol. I. Fishes, pp. 703-932. [This is based on Linné’s Systema Natwre, translated and with many additions. The title-page in our first Vol. is wanting, but the other volumes are dated 1806. The dedication of Vol. I,, however, is dated 1800. } 1828-1849. G. Cuvier and A. Valenciennes. Histoire Na- turelle des Poissons. Vols. I-X XII, P. H. Gosse, assisted by R. Hill. A Naturalist’s So- journ in Jamaica. 1856. &.H. Fishes of the Jamaica Shores and Rivers. Trans. Jamaica Society of Arts. Vol.I. Octo- ber 1855, pp. 142-145. Sy 1851. 1860-1868. A. Giinther. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Vols. [I-VIIT. 1867-1868. R. H. Fishes. Trans. Incorporated Royal Society of Arts and Agriculture. Vol. 1.,pp. 24- 26, 47-48, and 62-63. 1881. Richard Hill. The Fishes of Jamaica. Handbook of Jamaica for 1881, pp. 121-126. [A reprint of the 1855 paper.] } 1881. Anthony Musgrave, Jr. Fishes and Fishing. Hand- book of Jamaica for 1881, pp. 127-1387. T. H. Bean and H. G. Dresel, A Catalogue of Fishes received from the Public Museum of the Institute of Jamaica, with descriptions of . = ~ two new species. Proe. U. S. Nat. Museum, pp.151- 170. 1864-1889. The Zoological Record, Vols. I-X XVI. 1884. Board of Governors: Rey, WILLIAM GILLIES, Co-Principal of the Mico Institution, Chairman, 1891-92. How. C. B. MOSSE, C.B., M.L.C., Superintending Medi- cal Officer. Rev. JOHN RADCLIFFE. Hon. J. C. PHILLIPPO, M-D., M.P.C. WM. FAWCETT, Esq., B.Sc, F-L.S., Director of Public Gardens and Plantations. Secretary and Librarian, FRANK CUNDALL, Esq. THEO. D. A. COCKERELL, Esq, F.Z.8. Curator of the Museum, Tue Pusric Lisnrary anp Museum, in East Street, Kingston, are open every wale -day, admis- sion free, from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. Memprrs or tHE Institute are elected at the Monthly Meetings of the Boast Subscription } Forms of application may be obtained of the Secretary. . 10s. per annum. J. W. PLAXTON, Esq., M.R.CS., Medical BSuporintati dent, Lunatic Asylum. ee Coronet F. B. P. WHITE, F.R.G.S., Commanding te i India Depot. Hon. W. B. ESPEUT, F.L.S., M.L.C. Be Rey. WILLIAM SIMMS, M. A., Master of University College. q H. VENDRYES, Esq., Advocate. G. C, HENDERSON, Esq., M.D., Lond, PUBLICATIONS Objects of the Institute of Jamaica mae _ Root Food Growth in Jamaica ti _ The Timbers of Jamaica ' Stock and Stock-raising in Jamaica Cacao: How to Grow and How to Cure It 335 Some Objects of Productive Industry: Native and other Fibre Plants Ads Outline of a Lecture on Vegetable Chemistry ae The Cultivation of the Orange in Jamaica . The Vine and Its Culture The Cultivation of the Ramie Jamaica at the World’s Exposition of New Orleans — An Official Introduction to the Jamaica Court, containing a short description of the Island, its productions and its climate oss On a New Beverage Substance: The Kola Nut The Advantages to result from Railway Extension.. On the Geology of Jamaica On Mining in Jamaica The Mineral Springs of Jamaica fj A Brief Guide to the Court of the Institute of Ja- aes a maica in the Jamaica International Exhibition, phe lg 1891— Containing an account of the history and objects of the Institute The Journal of the Institute of Jamaica—Vol. i. Parts i. & ii. Catalogue of the Con:petitive and Loan Fine Art Exhibition held at the Institute of me March, 1892 1. The Rainfall Atlas of Jamaica a |'To Members of the Institute, 4s.] 2. Bulletin No. I.—A Provisional List of the Fishes of Jamaica OF THE INSTITUTE. TO BE OBTAINED AT THE INSTITUTE. SpEcIAL PUBLICATIONS Shag (in the Press). 1881 Rey. J. RapcbirFre 6d. ied Rey. J. Cork 6d. a Hon. W. B. Espeut @ 6d. 2 ARCHIBALD RoxBuRGH 6d. 1882 D. Morris , 6d. } 1884 D. Morris ime | i ke B J.J. BowreEy Gd. | Aik 2 Dr. James NEISH Gd. |X a4 Rev. Wm. Grirritu 6d. Re ‘ Hon. J. C. Puriiero 6d. | 7 4 Gratis. [Po 1887 Dr. James Netsu 6d. 22 Hon. W. B. Esrrvr 6d. | fee Rey. H. Scornann Gd. 1891 Hon, J. C. Puriirero 6d. af ceo : Gratis. 43 per part 6d. 1892 x4 Maxwett Hatt, M.A. T. D. A. Cocknrety, F.Z.8., FES.