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(eyauback % r 4 sadder ee My rN “ . Side eu The Rie gn 4s 4 Bap ATAe atl Cy ¥ Maem AT ACM Thy on w tne ohees EY Waray { ; Ay sae yh goatueid ‘ ees ih ety ne a atte SMa’ errads v sy " ae ; Me ‘ 4 A ih wate fans shy huh i ’ rt Stn ite Cee Ht std . a STL Cee Had wey Veaeeal . thy Sain sdawraed idea. Gt A 4 Gate) Asi eed ae MAG NiMiael ten tetra ete : iy Why Lh Fen she nt Mricts Wi serh res 1 FW om et a rasayi ty rss bs ie Erk ; wrt o . « « Wrst r iat oy \ : ‘ m4 " 4a ‘ Y is " i simrantgint Vegas he \ en eKY ¥ sau wae Qe emed wrth Weboniveaeti ao ioededy nm fy aa Yip Toho ey 4 » Mode Ls w Th al Osh ene pase) aes . ern iby mt Poritrer t) Giyitatiecatll . aarteny eer eee Re) 9%) eo ne) thaw meee i: ae Boon at phoal at ims thet on 4 0 prt a Wenerhi “ eT, Soe ; 4 4 baieod Neticd one. LM heute Lilbeaise toe te etree tt Ps ‘ - af as i foadew ‘ hea esky hyd lae aPUrerrd) grant & + - if * aie * a ~ wenn 6 pe f she A yettiamee ' ah Kedah a edad) eae wae PA aw 8 bh hiwn (49 erg ove pi aser 4 Wh eB iqe wal eee aaron Satan, * Poor ttn prore patios oe et ( " an ih 4° tae wy ater aee dg eens Sean Mr heprard ie eM erap bee Cerise are) went fet ne alphays SY: SB wi nate as a8 “ Nihpewt briantiareatio onan papa vl Hh cetaaeangay ne paar ie Poy ‘ Power obs th “a i Veh aren trig ye Cones “4 oo 7 = uy a . a a _ ’ 7 P > 7 : ) ae : I 7 7 ; "es —— ce : > an i — a ! 7 - i. t _ a an a > a 2 7 a a i] 4) 1 n . 7 7 ‘ wy i = — J . : a - F - i a, z 7 7 , _ ; _ 7 7 , ¢ _ = : 7 a 7 » @ 7 7 7 De iy ¢ i : 7 E eee ~~ = a 1 7 t 7 : - i b ay + mn - ’ iu 7 7 7 te ——-— COC -_—— ~ > - : ai ‘ 1; = : 7 = = ; | , 4 7 . a i _ 9 - . ‘ Ve 1 AG ; 2 . a . 7 i bt & £ a J - ~ in : 7 a > a : oe _ =, ri 7 7 ; r | : i4 : " Ae . |) ae 2 on Sah i 5) ae ' a : a 7 - ns - a PorcHe. ORGAN OF THE / ‘CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. VOL. Sr 1874—1876. EDITED BY B. PICKMAN MANN. \o SEC 14 seal We Fi j SON tay nEPOD Ss CAMBRIDGE, MASS. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 1877. an ty 6 Mi oe fa ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, EDITED BY B. PICKMAN MANN. Vol. 5] Cambridge, Mass., May, 1874. [;Niowgste Introductory. THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB was formed January 9, 1874, by the following persons, who met at Dr. Hagen’s house, No. 7 Putnam Street, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, namely: Messrs. E. P. Austin, Edward Burgess, G. R. Crotch, of Cambridge, England, George Dimmock, J. H. Emerton, Dr. H. A. Hagen, Messrs. Samuel Henshaw, B. P. Mann, H. K. Morrison, J. C. Munro, of Lexington, Dr. A. 8. Packard, of Salem, Messrs. Eugene Schwarz, and §. H. Scud- der. It has since added to its number Messrs. J. A. Allen, Walter Faxon, A. W. Gould, Prof. C. E. Hamlin, Messrs. Holmes Hinkley, H. G. Hubbard, Baron C. R. Osten Sacken, Messrs. F. G. Sanborn, G. D. Smith, P. S. Sprague, Roland Thaxter, of Newtonville, and C. P. Whitney, of Milford, N. H. At the fourth monthly meeting, held April 10, 1874, the Club decided to undertake the publication of a monthly organ, to be called Psycue. This organ will contain such parts of the proceedings of the Club as seem to be of general interest, biological contributions upon Arthropoda from’ any competent person, lists of captures, with time and locality, miscellaneous entomological information, and especially a BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, in which last a list will be given of all writings upon Entomology published in North America, and of all foreign writings upon North American Entomology, from the beginning of the year 1874, with a brief note of the contents of each. For the greater perfection of this list, authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the editor at the earliest date possible. Each number will contain at least four pages, and as soon as the returns are sufficient to make it possible, a greater number of pages will be given. The subscription price in bo North America will be one dollara year. Subscribers abroad can send their subscriptions in available postage stamps, to the amount of five shillings, six francs, or one and two-thirds thalers for each subscription. Subscriptions must in all cases be paid in advance to the editor. Address: B. PICKMAN MANN, Epitor oF PsyYcuHE, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. A. English Names for Butterflies. THE natural objects which attract most attention among all classes are birds, butterflies, and flowers. In England, the native species of all these groups have received common English names; and no doubt many persons have thus ac- quired a good knowledge of Natural History who might have been repelled by scientific Greek or Latin compounds. In our own country all the common birds and flowers have also received such names, and it is my belief that the study of butterflies would be far more popular, if they also had com- mon names. There would be an advantage, too, in this, for Antiopa would be the Camberwell Beauty all the same, how- ever fiercely men wrangled over Papilio vs. Vanessa as its proper adjunct ! In PsycukE, then, as its appropriate place, we print the fol- lowing list of names proposed for New England butterflies, using as a basis on the scientific side, the names of my Revi- sion. Account is taken of all names that have been proposed by Gosse and others, and they are retained unless special rea- sons prevent. 1. CUneis semidea— The White Mountain butterfly. Harris called it the Mountain butterfly. 2. Cneis Jutta— The arctic Satyr. 3. Enodia Portlandia.— The Pearly-eye. This is the name given by Gosse. 4. Minois Alope—— The blue-eyed Grayling. Gosse called it the Blue-eyed Ringlet, but it is rather a Grayling than a Ringlet in English parlance. 5. Minois Nephele— The dull-eyed Grayling. 6. Argus Eurydice—— The eyed Brown. This is Gosse’s name. z 3) 7. Megisto Eurytus.— The little wood Satyr. Gosse named it the dusky Argus, but it is not an Argus. 8. Megisto Phocion— The Georgian Satyr. In allusion to the place from which it was first described, and whence only it was for a long while known. S. H. Scudder. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In this Record we shall indicate by an asterisk (*) that the correctness of the title which is given has been verified by our own examination. In the beginning, at least, it will not be practicable to observe a chron- ological order, but the contents of one periodical after another will be brought up to date, and separate works will be noticed as they are met with. B. Pickman Mann. The Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xvi, as far as p. 208, contain the following entomological matter : . Statement of work done on the Society’s collections of insects, crus- tacea, &c., during the past year. p. 7, 8. *1, A.S. Packarp, Jr., M.D. Catalogue of the Pha- lenide of California. No. 2. p. 13-40, with a photographic plate G) of twenty-five figures. Characterizes the fauna of California (including Oregon and Nevada) ; compares this with the fauna of Europe, north-eastern Asia, and north- eastern America; attempts to account for the relations of the faunz. De- scribes four new genera and twenty-six new species; also one new species from New York and one from Panama; enumerates thirty-four species. *2. A.S. PACKARD. Occurrence of Rare and New Myr- iapods in Massachusetts. p. 111. Scolopendrella Americana Pack.; its bearing upon the relation of the Myriapods and Hexapods. Polyxenus fasciculatus Say. * 3. §. H. ScuppErR. Verbal communications upon a por- trait of John Abbot, a collection of orthopterological illustra- tions, and an English fossil insect of doubtful determination. p. 112. Upon a collection of Abbot’s drawings, p. 117. *4. §.H.ScuppER. Examination of some recent remarks by Mr. Meldola upon Iphiclides Ajax (Papilio Ajax Auct.) p11 — 119, | Correction of the conclusions arrived at by Mr. M. in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xii, 301-307, regarding the applicability of the case of the dif- ferent broods of I. Ajax to exemplify the amount of substance-waste un- dergone by insects in the pupal state. ‘ + *5. §. H. ScuppER. On the food-plant (sedges) and habits of @neis semidea; on the habits of i. Aello. p. 119. * 6, A.S.PAckKARD. On the transformations of the com- mon house fly, with notes on allied forms. p. 136-150, with a triple plate (iii) of embryological and transitional de- tails. Musca domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, Sarcophaga carnaria, Stomoxys calcitrans. *7. B. PickKMAN MANN. Description of a monstrous fe- male imago of Anisopteryx pometaria, with remarks on the pupa. p. 163-166, Female with aborted wings and pectinated antenne; female pups have wing-cases, but no wings. Interesting Capture. On April 19 I took at Hyde Park a hibernated specimen of Nymphalis Milberti Godt. This species, common as it is in the northern part of New England, is extremely rare near Boston, which seems to be very near its southern limit, al- though single specimens have been recorded as taken as far south as Long Island and Philadelphia. I know of but one specimen having been observed in Connecticut, but in Massa- chusetts, west of Boston, several have been taken at Spring- field, Williamstown, and other localities. As we go north it becomes very abundant, and in New Hampshire, Canada, and northern New York, it is one of the commonest species. I have caught at Binghamton, N. Y., as many as twenty-five or thirty specimens in the course of an hour. HAH. &. Morrison. HENTz’s Sprpers.— The papers on Araneide of the United States, pub- lished many years ago in the Boston Journal of Natural History and else- where, are to be collected and reprinted in a single volume by the Boston Society of Natural History, and edited by the Secretary, Mr. Edward Burgess. The work will be published in June, and will contain about one huncred pages and nineteen plates, including two new plates, mostly of structural details, by Emerton, and all the old ones, either from the original copperplates or heliotype reproductions. Mr. Emerton will also contribute notes upon the species. B. Pickman Mann. Perry CTE, ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, EDITED BY B. PICKMAN MANN. Wil Ty] Cambridge, Mass., June, 1874. [No. 2. Notes on the Habits of Magdalinus armicollis Say. EARLY in April, 1878, the full-grown larve of Magdalinus armicollis Say, were found abundantly throughout Cambridge, Mass., under the bark of Elm. The burrows were about an inch and a half long, running generally with the grain, and in the cambium layer throughout their entire length. From the cell at the end an exit pierced the bark as far as the thin outer layer. The beetles usually attacked the upper branches, but several small elms were found with the bark of the trunk undermined nearly to the ground. Occasional specimens were found associated with Saperda tridentata and Synchroa punc- tata in the thick bark of full-grown trunks.1 By the middle of April the larve showed signs of trans- forming; by the end of the month most of them had com- pleted the change into pupa, and the imagos appeared in about eighteen days. From May 1st to May 18th the follow- ing changes took place: 1. The eyes and mandibles turned black, and the extrem- ities of the wing-pads became bluish. 2. The thorax became reddish-brown, and the snout very dark brown or red. 3. The pupa-skin was cast off, and the wings and elytra straightened out. 4, The wings were folded under the elytra, and began to darken, showing a rectangular spot through each elytron. 5. The thorax darkened on the sides in two oval patches, leaving a line between, which gradually faded out; the spots on the elytra spread uniformly over their surfaces, leaving only their tips, which with the head were the last to become black. The jet-black imagos emerged in great numbers from May ————E ani SS a 8 TT 6 18th to May 28th, and sparingly during the first half of June. Owing probably to continued dry weather many imagos were unable to leave the bark, and occasionally one of the last to emerge was found with permanently dull-red elytra and thorax, or more commonly among the small males, with black thorax and red elytra. The imago varies from 3 to 6.25 millim. in length. The first pairs coupled, or showed signs of coupling, May 20th. The genitals were not kept continuously in contact, but a light touch was given at very regular intervals of two seconds, during which the male tapped the sides of the female with the tibie of the fore pair of legs. The principal parasite observed was a Chalcid, probably belonging to the genus Storthygocerus Ratz., 1.5 to 2.5 millim, in length, which preys upon the larva of Magdalinus, and completes its transformations in advance of the beetle. It pupates about the first of May, the imagos appear about the 13th of the month, and by the first of June another brood of larvee appears preying upon the few pupe of Magdalinus which have not yet transformed. ‘T'wo other parasites upon the larva of Magdalinus appear to be ichneumons, one of which transforms within the larva-skin of its host, and the other weaves a pupa-case of its own. The imagos of the last two parasites do not appear before July, and were not ob- served, H. G. Hubbard. 1. Ratzeburg (Forst-Insecten, I, 2te Aufl. p. 125. Taf. IV fig. 3.) describes the habits of M. violaceus Linn. living under the bark of Pine on small branches or young trees, and notes also M. aterrimus Fabr. as living in a similar manner upon Ulmus campestris of Europe. (1. c. p. 125.) A very careful description, with figures, of MZ carbonarius Fabr. living on Pinus maritima, is given by E. Perris (Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France, 1856, p. 253 et seq ) Say, (M. armicollis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., III, 1823, p. 312) has described only the red form, probably immature males. His MM. barbitus (Descr. of Curc. of N. Am., 1831, p. 6.) is probably the variation with red elytra and black thorax (all small immature males). It seems also that M. pallidus Say. (1. c. p. 7.) must be referred to this species. ENTOMOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO Mr. WASHINGTON.— Some of the mem- bers of the Club, with other entomologists, will spend several weeks this summer on Mt. Washington, in a camp one-fourth of a mile below the Half-Way House, and two hundred feet from the carriage road They ex- pect to leave Boston June 25. Other entomologists are invited to join the party. B. Pickman Mann. PAVTICN 4 Li) pe | Lea ee (c= ae Se 7 I i Es oS ines os pny es a ae Se OR mae 2, IN LILES “25 Bea NS Roi eee = 3 Ny be oe ' - AUT ey NA HAAN Egy yd /\ | "yy \'s eae Wy Wiz fit) as I \s\ \\ ss yopoyurnyy ra \ ry Z Lat! ou Sy \ fs ae \ | ; (3 —— : xT \ \\ Hi, LA (Da SHS, “il MV, 2 a Che? ue CNN 90 en UP - 7] / RUA ee ere ‘NL ly Nee esky, aN UZ A ov, \ : : fem cH oom’ OS Of a 2 3 v7) Ay) Zen ee = a 7 cate wn, = <4 = Q | bon Bo of? OR | Piz >? eo ae | = Se oe. o a amos waa] S Sow L ae cy | are y fe oe es spm.2er 2-8 6) ie le) ae ={B ie re sii cp Ss m ll J 3 =° < an b~ < 3 ell} 9 aa! way > “ “a nae i] . P ALPINE Ses { A Fi yf Yl BS O20G ay) fo IPLHOgE CT eR @ Tir6X.ia fae Be a VTMATZIG SUARUE ana a +01" 40 “ BMLATMUOHA STROM | ,saebVvee.H .z vA 2 eaaif a a Wed | ey, wi ® * arent ay sya ef, Pq Collecting in the White Mountains. Year after year, entomologists seek the summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire in search of rare insects, and the number now known from that region is so great that catalogues have already become necessary. Very few persons, however, have attempted to separate collections obtained on the extreme heights from those obtained on the lower plateaus of the barren region, or at the heads of ravines; yet there are two well defined districts above the forest limits, and although most insects found above the trees are common to both regions, specimens of one should not be mingled with those of the other. With a view of inducing those who visit the mountains this summer to help in the formation of distinctive alpine and subalpine lists, we offer (by the kind permission of Professor Charles H. Hitchcock of the New Hampshire Geological Survey) the accompanying map of the White Mountains, in which the alpine district is colored red and the subalpine blue. The subalpine district is the region of the dwarfed spruce, and includes the heads of the deepest ravines; the alpine is characterized by naked, broken masses of rock, excepting on the level spots, where sedges conceal them. Cneis semidea is confined to this highest district. Samuel H. Scudder. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and societies are requested to forward their works to the Edi- tor at the earliest date possible. We ask onr readers to inform us of the publication especially of those works which are not generally consulted by entomologists. B. Pickman Mann. (Continued from page 4.) *8. S. H. ScuppER. A Hesperian, in which ocelli are present. p. 165-166. Lerema Accius § and L. Pattenii g have a frontal ocellus; L. Accius ? has three frontal ocellar points; Z. Hianna has no ocellus; compared with ocelli of Heterocera. *9. H. K. Morrison. New North American Lepidop- tera. p. 194-203. Describes seven new species of Phalenide. *10. B. P. MANN. Explanation of the “ Corrigenda” to a communication in these Proceedings, vol. xv, pp. 381-3884, entitled: Anisopteryx vernata distinguished from A, pometaria, p. 204-[209. ] 8 The names of the two species were reversed erroneously in accordance with current tradition; critical sketch of some articles on Canker worms, with notes from Harris’s MSS. Nos. 11 and 12 are from Littell’s Living Age, vol. cxx (new series, vol. v): *11. Chambers’ Journal. About Amber. p. 244-247. Nature of amber; insects &c. contained in it. * 12. Hardwicke’s Science Gossip. A New Enemy. p. 639- 640, Potato-beetles in North America; migrations and habits of Doryphora 10-punctata [meaning D. 10-lineata]. *13. A. E. VERRILL, in American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. cvii (ser. 3, vol. vii), p. 181. Intertidal insects found on the coast of Maine. *14. Trustees of Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Annual Report for 1873, p. 6. Baron Osten-Sacken takes charge of diptera; deposits his collection. *15. Dr. H. A. HAGEN. Report on the Articulates. Annu. Rep. Mus. Comp. Zool. for 1878, p. 16-19. List of accessions and statement of work done during the year. *16. The New England Farmer, vol. liii (mew ser., vol. xxix), contains the following, and Nos. 17, 18. No. 1. Means against wood-lice; bots in horses, and remedies. No. 4, Remedies for worms in the kidney of hogs. No. 5. Precaution against canker worms; remedies for lice on cattle; destruction of onions by thrips. No. 6. Grasshoppers hatched by warm weather in January at Putney, Vt. No. 7. Disappearance of lice on calves in presence of sheep. No. 8. Means against the borer at the roots of trees; allegory of the origin of the name ‘‘ Chrysalides.” No.9. Means against insects on house plants. No. 10. Calomel as a cure for lice on cattle or horses. No. 11. Means against apple tree borers; means against Tinee; means against insects in general. No. 12. Peach tree borers, bee-hives. No. 13. ‘* Vegetable wax”; means against tent-caterpillars, and resulting success. PSYCHE is issued post-paid once a month, by the Cambridge Entomolog- ical Club, at the following rates, payable in advance to the editor: To subscribers in North America, one dollar; to subscribers abroad, five shillings, six francs, or one and two-thirds thalers. (Foreign sub- scriptions may be sent in available postage-stamps. ) Notes on the history, habits, and occurrence of insects and other Arthro- pods are solicited from all observers. Advertisements will be inserted on reasonable terms. Address communications, Editor of Psycur, Cambridge, Mass., U.S. A. No. 1. was issued May 8, 1874. an he ap AO wa ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. EDITED BY B. PICKMAN MANN. Cambridge, Mass., July, 1874. [No. 3. Vol. 1] Vernacular Names for Butterflies. Ir may be that in England the native species of all classes of birds, butterflies, and flowers (and, I trust, of fishes like- wise) have received common English names. My experience is that in continental countries of Europe a ereat many species, such as come under most frequent obser- vation of the public, have their common names and often three or four different names at a time, each according to provincialisms. A popular name of a fish is of acknowledged utility in a market, and could not be very well supplanted by a scientific one, yet without their scientific names being as- certained, there would be little comparison possible between markets West and East and those of Europe. The popular name under which a plant or butterfly is known cannot but have a charm even for a scientific searcher, and ought to be remembered by him and promulgated in print. But his task is to popularize science by utilizing such names, and by them to lead amateurs to awaken to the advantages of scientific nomenclature as one that is not provincial, nor exclusively English, but cosmological. Amateurs cannot possibly take much interest until they begin to bring things into groups by their own observations of similarities, and later with scientific assistance into genera. I want to have genuine popular names (be they ever so local, as ‘“‘ Camberwell Beauty ” for a butterfly that ranges all over Europe and over America to California) distinguished from names that are created more or less arbitrarily, or by merely translating scientific double names into the vernacular. The adoption and promulgation of these latter ones seems to me of very doubtful policy, as they do not harmonize with the originally popular names and may create, in an amateur’s LO mind, a greater difficulty of grouping the specimens. 84 that this butterfly could have traversed two thousand miles of ocean, and in addition have appeared on an island less than twenty miles in diameter almost simultaneously with a few plants of Asclepias, accidentally introduced! The only other alternative is to suppose that it was carried to the island with the box of plants sent to Dr. Gulick. But the precise manner of its introduction is still a perplexing question. In a vast ma- jority of cases the accidental transportation of insects from one country to another is during their preparatory stages; but in this case the voyage is known to have taken nearly eight weeks, while the transformations of the Danaida, even in a temperate country, seldom occupy more than four or five weeks, and in the tropics doubtless take less time. So that, should a plant of the Asclepias weed, bearing eggs of the Danaida just laid, have been accidentally introduced into the Wardian case sent to Dr. Gulick, the butterflies would certainly have appeared in the closed case before the voyage was half over; and we must suppose that the caterpillars from which they were produced had eaten up every trace of Asclepias, that the butterflies themselves remained therein unseen for a month, and that at least a pair of them made their escape unnoticed from the case on its arrival at Ponape. This seems quite impossible. And although Dr. Gulick dis- tinctly says that the ‘¢ diminutive hold and cabin ” of the vessel “were several times ransacked in every corner before it reached our island, so that no such butterfly as the Danaus could easily have- been concealed there,” this seems to be the only other alternative, and one which the long duration of this stage of the insect and its power of extended hibernation directly favor. In this case we must suppose that a pregnant female flew into the hold (to rest for the night) while the ves- sel was loading at Honolulu and, undergoing a forced imprison- ment (or pseudo- hibernation) during the voyage, escaped on unlading and in course of time found Asclepias ready for its necessities. A single butterfly, even of the great size of Dan- aida Plexippus would easily escape observation flying at large about a wooded tropical island. Samuel H. Scudder. On the Insect Fauna of the White Mountains. Mr. Grote, in an article ‘* On the Insect Fauna of the White Mountains,” in PsycuHe for last month, writes as follows: ** On comparing it (Agrotis scropulana Morr.) with three speci- mens of Pachnobia carnea, Thunb., from Labrador, it seems to me probable that a larger series may show that the species are the same,” and ‘“‘ I have a single specimen (of Agrotis opipara, Morr.) from the White Mountains, of which my determination is not absolute, but I believe it to be the species, since it came from Mr. Morrison, though unnamed. If so, I think we have to do with A. dslandica.” In making synonymical corrections, we want certainties, not probabilities, and it is ‘* obviously unsafe ” to make or to insin- uate such corrections on the scanty and doubtfully determined material, which Mr. Grote states he possesses. I will mention that the four species named are entirely distinct from each other ; and that, in working on my paper on the genus Agrotis, my material of them consisted of thirty Pachnobia carnea, from Labrador, and one from the White Mountains, bred by myself ; six specimens each of Agrotis scropulana and opipara, all bred from the larve ; and three specimens of Agrotis islandica, lent me by Dr. Packard. In Pachnobia carnea there is no basal black dash, and the reniform spot is obsolete; in Agrotis scropulana the basal dash is very large, black and distinct, and the claviform spot is long, clear yellow and conspicuous ; in the former the interior line is oblique and outwardly undulate, in the latter it is very strongly drawn in, sometimes touching the basal dash. Agrotis islandica and opipara do not bear any resemblance to each other; the ground color is entirely different; the former is a dull gray inconspicuous species, with fine and interrupted mark- ‘ ings, the latter is entirely cinereous, with distinct heavy black markings. I do not think it necessary to give other points of difference, as those pointed out above are amply sufficient to separate the insects. H. K. Morrison. 86 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and Societies are requested to forward their works to the Edi- tor at the earliest date possible. We ask our readers to inform us of the publication especially of those works which are not ¢encrally consulted by entomologists. B. Pickman Mann. (Continued from page 80.) No. 202 is from the Sixth Annu. Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci. for 1873. * 202. A. 8S. Packarp, Jr. Record of American Ento- mology for the year 1878. p. 61-114. (Continued.) Hemiptera (by P. R. Uhler). List of 5 articles by 5 authors; notice of 103 (14 new) species of 45 genera. Orthoptera (by 8. H. Scudder). List of 5 articles by 4 authors; no- tice of 259 (13 new) species of 66 (Pedioscertetes, Tropidolophus [ Acridii] = 2 new) genera. Neuroptera (by A. 8S. Packard, Jr.). List of 15 articles by 7 authors; notice of 224 (38 new) species of 86 genera. Arachnida (by A. S. Packard, Jr.). List of 5 articles by 4 authors; notice of 30 (27 new) species of 14 genera. Myriopoda (by A. S. Packard, Jr.). List of 2 articles by 2 authors; notice of 11 new species of 7 (Archiulus = 1 new) genera. Jn all, the writings of 52 authors are recorded, and 1853 (930 new) species of 781 (123 new) genera are noticed. The Bull. Buf Soc. Nat. Sci. [see Rec., Nos. 19-25], vol. ii, contains Nos. 203 to 223. * 203. A. R. Grore. | List of the Noctuidae of North America. p. 1-77, with one plate (i), containing eleven figures. Criticism of previous authors; synopsis of the three independent groups here catalogued, and of the genera Agrotis, Hadena and Mamestra; list of 214 genera, 811 species; index to genera; descriptions of 10 (Feralia, Adita, Chytonix, Zosteropoda, Zotheca, Stiria, Stibadium, Melaporphyria, Tricopis = 9 new, Antiblemma— 1 previously described) genera, and of 35 (Feralia Comstocki, I’. februalis, Agrotis phyllophora, A. formalis, A. spec- ialis, Mamestra puerilis, Dianthoecia rufula, D. insolens, Oncocnemis Behrensi, Hadena genialis, H. marina, Zosteropoda hirtipes, Pachnobia cornuta, Zotheca tranquilla, Scopelosoma Graefiana, S. ceromatica, S. Morrisoni, Xylomiges hiemalis, Plusia 8-scripta, P. viridisigma, Stiria rugifrons, Stibadium spumo- sum, Lygranthoecia saturata, Melaporphyria immortua, Tricopis chrysellus, Antiblemma canalis = 26 new) species; position of Epipaschia, with list of species. 87 * 204. S. V. Summmrs, M. D. Catalogue of the Coleo- ptera from the region of Lake Pontchartrain, La. p. 78-99. List of 885 species and 21 varieties, in all 906 forms of 497 genera of 53 families. * 205. A.R.Grorse. On the species of Helicopis inhabit- ing the Valley of the Amazon. p. 106-108, with one plate (ii), containing four figures. Notice of H. Cupido, H. Acis, H. Endymion and Madam M. S. Merian; habits of H. Cupido. Describes H. Lindeni, n. sp., with figures. * 206. H.K. Morrison. Descriptions of New Noctuidae. p. 109-117. Describes Luceria Burgessi, L. loculata and var. conspicua, Dryobota fibu- lata, Mamesira assimilis, Morrisonia peracuta, Lithophane fagina, L. disposita == 8 n. spp.; synopsis of Mamestra assimilis, Hadena impulsa and A grotis velleripennis. * 207. L. F. Harvey. Observations on North American Moths. p. 118-121. Describes Agrotis volubilis, Mamesira rosea, M. lilacina, Taeniocampa pacifica, Glaea olivata, Orthodes griseocincla= 6 n. spp. Noctuae; describes Endropia Warneri n. sp. Geometrae. * 208. A. R. Grore. Additions to the “ List of North American Noctuidae.” p. 122-126. I. Genera allied to Taeniocampa: synopsis of these (6) genera; list of 18 species; describes Perigrapha innexa n. sp. TI. Genera allied to Orthosia: synopsis of these (5) genera; list of 24 species; describes Orthosia purpu- rean. sp. III. References omitted in the ‘‘ List ;’’ addition of three spe- cies to the list, making in all 820'spp. of 218 genera. * 209. A.R.Grore. New Noctuae. p. 143-144. Describes Hadena confederata, Taeniosea (n. g.) gentilis, T. perbellis = 3 nl. spp. * 210. A. R. Grorz. _ Notes on American Lepidoptera with Descriptions of Twenty-one New Species. p. 145-163. Describes Hemaris palpalis, Lepisesia Victoria, Philampelus (Dupo) miri- ficatus, Ceratomia Hageni = 4 n. spp. Sphinges; note on several species of Hemaris; attributes 54 spp. Sphingidae to Cuba and 76 to N. A. north of Mexico and the West India Islands. Note on Crocota and some of its species; preliminary list of Lithosiae, embracing 18 species, besides varieties, of 9 genera; describes Dryocampa rubicunda, var. alba. Describes Acronycta subochrea, A. quadrata, Agrotis gravis, Mamestra vicina, Hadena castanea, H. albina, H. curvata, Amolita (n. g.) fessa, Heliophila adjuta, H. adonea, Anicla (n. g.) Alabamae, Litho- phane oriunda, Orthosia infumata, Pseudorthosia (n. g.) variabilis, Plusia fra- tella, Acerra (n. g.) normalis, Tarache pulchella (=? T. terminimaculata ?) 88 Toxocampa Victoria—=4n. gen., 18 n. spp. Noctuae; note on Acronycta americana and A. acericola, on Agrotis fennica and A. lycarum, on Poly- phaenis herbacea and Eurois herbida. * 211. A. R. Grote. Determination of the Species of Moths Figured in the *“* Natural History of New York.” p. 164-168. Criticism of the work referred to; determination of the figures. * 212. Cu. R. Osten Sacken. A List of the Leptidae, Mydaidae, and Dasypogonina of North America. p. 169-187. List of 47 spp., 6 gen., Leptidae; of 28 spp., 2 gen , Mydaidae; of 141 spp-, 28 gen., Dasypogonina (Asilidae); describes Mydas audax, M. carboni- Ser, M. chrysostomus = 3 n. spp. * 218. J. A. Lintner. Description of a New Species of Calocampa. p. 188-189. Describes Calocampa nupera n. sp.; notes on C. velusta. * 214. H. K. Morrison. On the Species of Calocampa. p. 190-192. Describes C. curvimacula, C. germana = 2 n. spp., and C. nupera; enum- erates 7 (3 N. A.) spp. * 215. A. R. Grote. On allied Species of Noctuidae inhabiting Europe and North America. p. 193-200. 1. 81 species common to Europe and North America, exclusive of Lab- rador or circumpolar forms; 7 species still in question. 2. 12 closely allied forms, or “analogues.” 3. 2 species which need comparison. Describes Lithophane Thaxteri, Dicopis Thaxterianus, Perigea luxa=3 n. spp.; notes on a few synonyms and corrections of the “ List.” * 216. H. A. Hacen. On Attacus (Samia) Columbia and its Parasites. p. 201-208. Arguments for and against the specific rights of S. Columbia; is it not a hybrid ?; notes on Cryptus nuncius, C. Samiae (= C. extrematis), Hemi- teles compactus, H. Smithii, H. sessilis (?). * 917. A. R. Grote. Supplement to the List of North American Noctuidae. p. 209-223. Notes on Mr. Morrison’s Descriptions of new Noctuidae [see Rec., No. 180]; list of 205 spp., making in all 909 spp., of 231 genera; proposes Trich- osea (n. g.), Agrolis haruspica (= A. unimacula nom. praeoc.), Ochria Sau- zalitae (= O. purpurifascia nom. erron.); describes Heliosea pictipennis n. sp.; makes numerous changes in synonomy. * 218. A. R. Grore. Check List of North American Sphinges. p. 224-228. Enumerates 74 species of 36 genera. No. 14 was issued June 11, 1875. i. aa eg at ORGAN OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB EDITED BY B. PICKMAN MANN. ——_—_——s Vol. I.] Cambridge, Mass., August, 1875. [No. 16. Notes on Luminous Larve of Elateridae. On the 30th of June, 1873, I received from Dr. G. F. Waters, of Newton Centre, Mass., four luminous larvze of Coleoptera, accompanied by a note informing me that he had found similar larve in Newton, in June, for the past eight years. These lar- vee appeared in daylight of a yellowish color. Dr. Waters said further in his note, “Mr. F. F. Bush, of Weston, brought me some from near his residence once, which were quite dark brown to black on the unlight parts. I hear that they have been seen also in Milton. I know of no other locality where they are to be found. Mr. Bush said they are to be ‘found in great abun- dance on all dark nights.’ I have always found them under or near pine trees, and Mr. Bush’s locality is so situated. These were climbing grass and holding high their lights, as though looking for their loves. I have never been able to keep them alive more than five or six days.” Subsequently Dr. Waters wrote: ‘Saturday evening [5 July], I took cars to Auburndale, and then walked two or three miles into Weston. I arrived at the locality just at dusk, and passed it without seeing anything but fire-flies; on returning I met some boys in a wagon, who had given me directions and then followed as soon as they could ‘hitch up.’ Knowing where they had been previously found, they, in following me, got two very large and full and gave them to me. Last evening [6 July] I went out for a walk and took my known locality and collected nine, mostly small.” On the 9th of July I received from Dr. Waters ten of these larve, one of which was dead. On the evening of the same day I made a diligent search under the pine trees of ‘Norton's Woods,” near the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, but found none. On the night of the 16th of July, 90 I went with Dr. Waters to Pleasant Street in Newton, on the grounds of Mr. Davis, of the firm of Hallett & Davis, piano- forte makers, near the Cochituate Aqueduct, where we found thirty-four more, one of which was black. We did not get upon the ground till 9 o’clock, P. M., or later, when it was quite dark and moonless. The larvee seemed to be still emerging from the ground, as after taking all I could find at one time in a place I afterwards found more there. These larvee shine witha bright light from their spiracles and the membrane between the rings, which discovers them at a distance of some rods. I found them mostly near the roots of the grass, under or near an evergreen hedge and also a “ buck-thorn” hedge, but some at a consider- able distance from the hedge, in an orchard. Dr. Waters found some under pine trees on a high knoll near by. The whole locality was rather high and dry, no dew being on the ground, nor had there been a dew for several weeks. No larve were found near the brook which runs by the orchard. On the evening of the 28th of July we went with two friends to the same locality in Newton where we had found the thirty- four larve. There, and on the lane entering Homer Street opposite Mr. E. IF. Waters’, and on the side of Centre Street, we found twenty more larvee, four of which were quite black ; the others yellow. All were on the average smaller than those got before ; the black ones nearly of the same size with each other. On the evening of the 29th of July, I obtained permission to examine the grounds of Mr. J. R. Lowell, near Mt. Auburn, in Cambridge. There, under or near pine trees, I caught thirty more larvee, fourteen of which were black, the rest yellow. On the evening of the 6th of August I hunted long and dili- gently for more of these larve in Mr. Lowell’s grounds, but found none. Thus in one month we found eighty yellow and nineteen black luminous Coleopterous larvee. Some of these afterwards escaped, some I preserved in alcohol, some died of unknown causes, but on the 2d of August I had forty-eight living yellow ones and eighteen living black ones in my jars of carth. The last of these died in November, none of them having pupated. 91 Since the occurrences narrated above, I have made many inquiries about similar larvae, and, have only learned that Mr. Sanborn found three or four larve apparently identical with one of the above, by the roadside between West Roxbury and Ded- ham. The first he had seen were brought him in 1862, by E. S. Rand, Jr., who found them in Dedham. The most abundant form of these larve differs so little from > of unknown larvee described by Osten- “the third species’ Sacken in vol. i of the Proceedings of the Entomological Soci- ety of Philadelphia, p. 129, that I think it sufficient only to describe the differences. This is No. 3074 of my collection. It is 35 mm. long, elon- gated, with the first five rings behind the small head success- ively widening, the last three rings almost insensibly narrowing, the last ring evenly rounded; of a soft-leathery consistence. Lateral margins of all the abdominal segments and sometimes of the thoracic ones, the whole venter, and sometimes also the front and hind margins of the thoracic segments yellowish. Head retractile, well exserted when in walking, transverse, dilated medially behind, dark brown or almost black, sometimes paler on the margins. Anterior margin of the head above between the bases of the mandibles bisinuated, the forward projections of the curve being lateral, and the hollow central and broader. Below, directly over the mouth, the margin is truncate, centrally notched. No separate clypeus or labrum . distinguishable. Third joimt of antennz cylindrical, twice as long as broad, one-third as long as the second joint, with no trace of a fourth joint in most cases. Mandibles strongly curved, either one outermost. So-called “ second appendage ” of the maxill indistinguishable. Third and fourth joints of maxillary palpi usually at least as long as they are broad. Prothorax, when extended, as broad anteriorly as the head, longitudinal, posteriorly twice as broad as the head. Mesotho- rax and metathorax nearly equal in length, the latter a little longer; each shorter than prothorax. Punctuation of the tho- rax almost none. ‘Tips of cox not very approximate, the pos- terior ones less approximate. Hind legs not much larger than the others and having about the same proportions. All the 92 legs spiny and bristly, but with no complete rings of spines, Abdominal segments not very different in length, but their rélative lengths not very definite. Pseudopod a flattened trun- cated cone, of homogeneous fleshy texture ; exsertile tip bitu- berculate or bifurcate. No. 3075 of my collection, one specimen, is the dead larva given me by Dr. Waters, July 9. Dr. Waters assured me that all the larvee in this lot were luminous, and as they were collected in the evening, they must have been so, yet this larva has a broader head actually and proportionally, short stout mandibles dilated and bent at a right angle in the middle, max- illary palpi not tapering, short and stout, rounded at the end, the third and fourth joints forming a mass of oval outline three times as long as either the first or second; the labial palpi short and stout, approximate ; and other differences which I will not dwell upon with my present material. The black larvee make a third form, of which I find no speci- mens preserved in my collection, and did not take a particular description. They differ markedly in being able or apt to extinguish their light at times, which none of the yellow larvee did, and then to resume it. They are much more active than the others, and smaller. What else I have to say refers to the first larvee described. They are quite active, and I should judge from the structure of their jaws that they are carnivorous. I did not succeed in feeding them with meat, earthworms, slugs, larve, leaves, nor slices of potato. ‘They were in the habit of descending below the surface of the ground in the daytime, or sometimes remain- ing coiled up on the surface. N umbers congregated in the day time under a piece of tin or a slice of potato. They generally formed passages in the earth, with chambers, in which they rested singly. At night they moved about upon the surface. I did not determine whether artificial darkness would arouse them in the daytime. At night they were attracted to the side of the jar nearest artificial light. When disturbed, they roll ' themselves up with the head applied to the ventral surface of about the sixth ring, and with the terminal segment reaching the back of about the third rmg; the head is then withdrawn 93 almost entirely within the prothorax, so that at most the man- dibles, tip of mentum and palpi project beyond the prothorax. When picked up, they give quite a cold sensation to the touch. Sometimes they emit a blackish fluid from the mouth, in the manner of locusts. Erroneously, according to the claims of priority, although the error is more appropriate than the truth, they are commonly called ‘ glow-worms.” By the suggestion and indications of Mr. E. P. Austin, I conjecture that they are the larvae of Asaphes memnonius. B. Pickman Mann. The Note of the Katydid. Since I began to study the character of the notes produced by different species of Orthoptera, it has been my fortune to hear that of the true Katydid (Cyrtophyllus concavus) but once. This insect lives in tree tops, one or two only in a tree, in little colonies scattered here and there over most of the United States east of the Rocky Mts. One such colony I encountered in the heart of the city of Springfield, Mass., and spent an evening en- deavoring to reduce the notes to scale. The insects which I observed were from fifteen to twenty rods distant, perched in the tops of maple, cherry and elm trees, not far above my window. xT! xT! xT! xT! xr! ' —_ ————— . ' | 4 4, 4, 4 abe dinbag eae ae: | They ordinarily call “« Katy,” or say “she did, ” rather than “ Katy did”; that is, they rasp their fore wings twice, more frequently than thrice; these two notes are of equal (and extraordinary) emphasis, the latter about one quarter longer than the former; or, if three notes are given, the first and sec- ond are alike and a little shorter than the last; the notes are repeated at the rate of two hundred per minute; and while the interval between two series of notes varies to a certain degree, it is seldom greater than two and one-third seconds, or less than a second and a quarter; usually it is between one and seven-eighths and twoseconds. The accompanying cut, in which each bar represents a second of time, attempts to reduce this to a scale. 94 The note, which sounds like wr, has a most shocking lack of melody; the poets who have sung its praises must have heard it at the distance that lends enchantment ; in close proximity the sound is excessively rasping and grating, louder and harsher than I have heard from any other of the Locustarians, the noisiest of all Orthoptera. Since these creatures are abundant wherever they occur, the noise produced by them, on an even- ing especially favorable to their song, is most discordant. Usu- ally, as I have said, the notes are two in number, rapidly repeated, at short intervals; perhaps nine out of ten individuals will ordinarily give this number ; but, occasionally, a stubborn insect persists in sounding the triple note; and as Katydids appear desirous of answering their neighbors in the same meas- ure, the proximity of a treble-voiced songster demoralizes a whole neighborhood, and a curious medley results; notes from some individual may then be heard all the while, scarcely a moment’s time intervening between their stridulations, some nearer, others at a greater distance; so that the air is filled by these noisy troubadours with an indescribably confused and grating clatter. This renders special observation of the notes of any individual all the more difficult, and it is only by great patience and careful selection that it can be accomplished, unless one places himself upon the outskirts of a colony. Samuel H. Scudder. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Authors and Societies are requested to forward their works to the Edi- tor at the earliest date possible. We ask our readers to inform us of the publication especially of those works which are not ¢enerally consulted by entomologists. B. Pickman Mann. (Continued from page 88.) De 219. A.R. Grote. North American Pyralides. p. 229- Use Deseribes Asopia devialis, Arta (n. g.) statalis, Botis feudalis, B. 5-linea- lis, B. (Pyrausta) matronalis, B. hireinalis, B. niveicilialis = 1n. g., 7 n. spp.3 notes on synonymy. * 220. 8. H.ScuppEer. Synonymic List of the Butterflies of North America, North of Mexico. Part I. Nymphales. p. 233-269. Synopsis of the genera of North American Nymphales; list of 187 spp. 95. of 56 genera, with synonyms, geographical distribution and food-plants } proposes Neominois, Cercyonis, Satyrodes, Semnopsyche, Thessalia, Antha~ nassa — 6 n. gen. * 221. L. F. Harvey. Observations on North American Moths. (Second Paper.) p. 270-284, pl. iii, fig: 1, 3, 7. Describes Apatela Radcliffei, A. persuasa, Agrotis rudens, A. sculptilis, A. chortalis, Dianthoecia palilis, Mamestra marinitincta, Homohadena atricol- laris, H. induta, Prodenia flavimedia, P. lineatella, Ablepharon absidum, Graphiphora arthrolita, Orthosia crispa, Glaea tremula, Xylomiges crucialis, Annaphila mera, Grotella (n. g.) septempunctata fig., Lygranthoecia roseitincta, fig., Acopa (n. g.) carina, fig., Lita (n. g.) sexsignata, Bolina agrotipennis, Eubolina (n. g.) impartialis, Catocala Belfragiana, Remigia hexastylus, R. indentata, Pseudaglossa denticulalis, Bomolocha perangulalis, Pseudorgyia (n. g.) versuta = 5 n. gen., 29 n. spp. Noctuae; describes Crochiphora color- aria var. sphaeromacharia n. var. Geometrae; list of Noctuae collected in Texas by Mr. Belfrage. * 222. A.R. Grote. On the Genus Agrotis with Addi- tions to the “ List of North American Noctuidae.” p. 301-512, pl. iii, fig. 2, 4-6. Notes on 6 species of Agrotis; list of the 70 species of N. A. Agrotis rep- resented in the collection of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences; ad- dition of 3 genera and 34 species to the “List.” | Describes Agrotis Ridingsiana, Orthosia helva, Perigea ennixa, Ingura praepilata, Heliothis cupes fig., Prothymia orgiae fig., Plusia metallica = 7 n. spp. ; figures Pyrrhia exprimens, P. angulata. * 223. A. R. Grore. On allied Species of Noctuidae inhabiting Europe and North America. (Second Paper.) p. 313-314. 29 species common to Europe and N. A., exclusive of Labrador or circum- polar forms. * 224. The Annu. Rep. Mus. Comp. Zool. [see Rec., Nos. 14, 15] for 1874, contains the following, and Nos. 225, 226. p- 4-5. Accession of specimens and value to the collection of insects through Baron Osten-Sacken and others. * 225. H. A.Hacen. Report on the Articulates. p. 12- 13. List of accessions and statement of work done during the year ; improve- ments in closing glass vials which contain aleohol. [In communications to the Club, Dr. Hagen said that the collection of European Microlepidoptera at the Museum, in May, 1874, contained 1079 species, i. e. 200 species of Pyralidina, over 200 Tortricina, 673 Tineina; more than one-third of all that are known. Most of these are types of Zeller, Schleuch, Mann and others. 96 In experimenting with rubber corks, the smaller and less tapering corks were found to be best, and rubber ropes valueless. ] ° Proceedings of the Club. § 4. Mimetic REsEMBLENCES BETWEEN DIPTERA AND Hymenoptera. Baron Osren-Sacken exhibited a number of specimens of Diptera and Hymenoptera to illustrate the mimicry which obtains in certain cases. The instances selected were Laphria and Bombus; Systropus and Ammo- phila ; Ceria and Ancistrocera; Ceria and Polistes; Ceria and Conops (both Diptera); Spilomyia and Vespa. He further remarked that there is a great resemblance between Hispa suturalis and Capsus robiniae, a beetle and a bug frequenting the leaves of the locust-tree. (Mar. 13, 1874.) § 5. CapruRE OF RARE PsEUDONEUROPTERA AND NEv- ROPTERA. Dr. Hacen said that many rare species of Pseu- doneuroptera and Neuroptera had been collected this year, some by himself in Massachusetts, and some by Mr. Sanborn in Kentucky. Amongst these are Calopteryx angustipennis and Petalura Thoreyi. The two other species of Petalura known belong to New Holland. This genus is so exceptional that the first specimen of the American species was declared by Selys to be of necessity Australian and erroneously labelled. Some larve from the same locality and collector probably belong to Petalura. By the dilated antenne they agree with the larva of Hagenius. Two Aeschna furcillata were caught in Manchester, Mass. Only one specimen is known to exist in Europe.