hy WIRE Day A ter ayy fate eC aR ce CLONMEL ' Oa wey la reg ae ee eta ae tty te NTP aty wed vire WX FY BL “vray aw Cle ta | Vat ly a ee naan ee Vee rhe ‘ ” on we mea ct ayy as UG RAO AHA pie ¥y pale y ted Cree Oe ee ay, ve ” ra wee f Ae ay rh oat ona ay oe ere ON CEL Ra Pe i ee Ed TR Meee yeanies toawbte FOR TL AEE Cb] Veerere te cag TA ANALY S ay vate Vee he La be ANY Tetigtiela sy ye Sah ae Sa ht i ” ‘ q ee Ew eye a \ Pe A 2 * E vinw Oa aka ay ewe SOROS a cile no ” ¢ ah i Peer BUR 4 ” wr oo sata pan rohit a) Ayia ras Wiens wa ARAM ee She SAS i hy Gata ean wn aay iy ee i ane fi aba ",! vee vwen iv hin ty ely ate iby Oe pay Ad Ru Powe be pie} y! oa ¢ ws eye geeraty oy Ay i a! vy has ' Pyewrry ne Oats Wks pepe eee Ct eis Sw icoiga sy pay pay A hep wheel eay wf woe n Kas 1 ond ae vey wae mae ty 0 Pom a Wow ort Pe REE Ned OM Ae ow we Ye iy ante t ” ae ‘wn aa MS RACING Tey my % ch ne mv er . ye peniad Aaya wae ee ony wile lef veh 4 1, ; : Ben Tt Cott cand yA Gat Wheat ih. i be Suid sous vata \ oe AA ae a RB WRG my te Hs sary My Ee Ce MiNi» Metre” Sab ee Roh a may aaah * ‘ PAN AA VIN ALS i Fenty vey Pek a GC ee nde ele ate Cy WEALD vA Pw ee A) vee rey sen fyi am ere POPS TOL ci Petety rey way give 1a; FM By ’ ve ars See ev eae ee PN } Wied ray eae We % way Ht i ata ned ten ae ee SO CROCCO) my PAUL Wy IO OL A a ee ce She eae ? WR VI ASL ASV We aie g a Yt tea mY . \ ; h On ‘ Wea ntgin A. Mare W ctene Woven vw 6 wat ’ Lie"a WA Cre A SRA ae Se He ve a ha OR AY Aye YC ae earls whe y di) Woe hore Sa Boa Sen Lees Psy pate leearbs a try fae ns Bs oa Wey yen? nn ie on Ba) ” tainty tence ate yar hewn Faby PN en gk OT Ty es ene ad Te i Yrsteg pares aye vanes ve rn ie i hal wy Ate WAT tN Te My Vyve sat rancor ll pre esos re ony fe Heaemency te ene ene moe Sey Wie we pee cee th ae Pyne yang wae ee ee Cah he terad yt att oe re aw en aintrianenante yee Uaeaty hip vv Pa ae La nan tnt aA Wi eh? Va ee he eee a Wh at AVIVA Aap Tn eae ws wie eet be tn ab aes? ions ete ty stat pe ine Pat ol Ot Brera eer euleeeanunctir ys » Resta Tavs car Permeeree ar torren iret . ay Tone eae ae rm ” cog Ferrera Si plaed Meas race ie pa sob BAT Prine Ere a my oes 46.0 chy nana eee eran Ce th ad ed we AO OE Om, my over Fargas aencandeont dat Fook gered Parte ry Pay reer nao one iO we be OAR rr Depo gor fem mae ohiay ete tocar heat FANORTERS fait * BAe et ee wen eawener ce, Ott tier Terre en Py. ee ak eae ae ened tears op wh on eh ot patreer rary eorroe rt cn err Petree oe SOUR Ne tra de eel Wm ee en yee ele miviwl ies + ded. lige a be De eter or tr ye esa Venere te ete ee re oe Heme eee wrnphad og 8m, TT Ae AA le array ~ * , pet wore 4 eaer Mri rE Ceo a dens o's at Hie a * Soave bearienoh’ Doerr ee oi ared Sumter ae & rar ey a OCR a eee ee a) rieeec nit ich a ae ee ac a ees SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT PSYCHE A Journal of Entomology Volume XXIV 1D EDITED BY CHARLES T. BRUES 329048 Vien *| Published by the Cambridge Entomological Club, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass., U.S. A. —QLYG| cP ee Jadle- poans — pee Ova, aa ss Pec. & A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ESTABLISHED IN 1874 | VOL. XXIV FEBRUARY, 1917 NUMBER 1 Prodryas persephone Scudder. CONTENTS. The Growth of Insect Blood Cells in Vitro. R. W. Glaser Piles all seta ta Notes on Rearing Insects for Experimental Purposes and Life History mica Ay MW tleaien, SFA doy A tog g Conaies SS eT : Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera). H. M. Parshley Vee Noe as 4 The North American Ants Described by Asa Fitch, W.M. Wheeler . 26 A New Malayan Ant of the Genus Prodiscothyrea. W.M. Wheeler . 29 # Anthocyanin in Pterocomma smithiae. R.W.Glaser . . . . . . 30 eetrarcmen Wino as ee Teint Ay, ue: | ioe LBD | Gainy OF : : Boe ere kite CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. OFFICERS FOR 1917. President so Oe eG EE SA ARNeCHAN: Viice-presidenty. 0. ON eae a S. W. DENTON. Secretary BE UTS Bahr Mame YS H. M. ParsHLey. TReasurer. CR Ao lee Tes H. A. PRESTON. Executive Committee A. F. Burcsss, F. W. Dope, R. W. GuAsEr. EDITORIAL BOARD OF PSYCHE. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. C. T. Brugs, Harvard University. ASSISTANT EDITOR. W. M. Mann, Harvard University. ASSOCIATE EDITORS. C. W. JOHNSON, ce if KELLOGG, Boston Society of Natural History. Stanford University. A. L. MELANDER, A. P. Morss, Washington State College. Wellesley College. J. H. EMERTON, J. G. NEEDHAM, Boston, Mass. Cornell University. W. M. WHEELER, Harvard University. PsycueE is published bi-monthly, the issues appearing in February, April. June, Aucust, October and December. Subscription price, per year, payable in advance: $1.50 to subscribers in the United States, Canada or Mexico; foreign postage 15 cents extra. Single copies, 35 cents. Cheques and remittances should be addressed to H. A. Preston, 17 East Highland Ave., Melrose Highlands, Mass. 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REPRINTS OF ARTICLES CAN BE SUPPLIED AT THE FOLLOWING RATES: 50 copies 50 copies 100 copies Number | " | 100 copies | | of pages without covers | without covers | with covers | with covers paar REL 2 atte, | 1-4 $1.50 | $2.50 | 5-8 | 3.50 5.80 | 9-12 4.25 7.05 | 13-16 4.75 790 No reduction can be made for less than 50 copies. ios) Galas VOL. XXIV FEBRUARY, 1917 No. | THE GROWTH OF INSECT BLOOD CELLS IN VITRO! By R. W. Guaser. In order to obtain an insight into various pathological changes taking place in diseased insect tissue, I undertook a series of ex- periments dealing with the cultivation of such tissue in vitro. The degenerative changes occurring in normal and in pathological blood cells were especially studied for the reason that the blood is frequently used in diagnosing the health of a particular insect. In the polyhedral diseases of insects a general picture of the progress during the later stages of the disease can be obtained by examina- tion of the blood. This type of disease is recognized by the fact that nucleoprotein reaction bodies, termed polyhedra, are formed within the nuclei of the blood and certain other tissue cells. It was also of considerable interest to ascertain whether slides with growing insect tissue could be infected with the polyhedral disease virus and whether polyhedra would form within the nuclei of cells thus infected. By way of comparison, it was also of interest to see through what changes normal cells pass when permitted to degen- erate naturally. Incidentally, a number of observations were made in regard to the morphology and behavior of growing insect blood cells and I will present the observations in the hope of stimulating work along these lines. Although the cultivation of insect tissue is not new, this method of studying various embryological, morpholog- ical, and physiological questions pertaining to entomology has been almost entirely neglected and I am convinced that the culti- vation of tissues will greatly simplify the solution to many diffi- ult problems. Goldschmidt in 1915, by means of the tissue culture method, 1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution in codperation with the U. S. Bureau of Entomology. (Bussey Institution No. 125.) 2 Psyche [February studied the spermatogenesis of Samia cecropia L. Spermatogonia or young spermatocytes were kept alive for about three weeks, and the follicle membrane for some weeks more. This piece of work and that of Lewis and Robertson, 1916, on the male germ cells of Chorthippus curtipennis Scudd (Stenobothrus curtipennis Harris) seem to be the only examples of insect tissue cultivation found in the literature. For the experiments here described the larvee of Malacosoma americanum, Cirphis unipuncta, Laphygma frugiperda and Porthetria dispar were used. My method did not differ materially from those of Harrison, Carrel, Goldschmidt, ete. However, since most of my experiments dealt with the cultivation of insect blood I will briefly outline the method of procedure. The larvee to be operated upon are held upside down in one hand and the anterior and posterior halves bent back.* A proleg is then thoroughly washed with 80 to 95 per cent. alcohol after which it is clipped with very fine aseptic scissors. The drop of blood which oozes out is caught on a sterile cover slip which is then placed on a sterile depression slide and the edges sealed up with sterile vaseline. A great many slides were prepared in this manner, 2.e., the blood corpuscles were simply mounted in their own plasma. In other cases Locke’s solution,' or a mixture of Locke’s solution and plasma was found satisfactory. In general Locke’s solution is isotonic with insect tissue and can be very freely used for cultivation and for the wash- ing out of old cultures in order to free them of harmful by-prod- ucts. Locke’s solution has no particular advantage over the plasma, except that the preparations are a bit more transparent, owing to the fact that large amounts of fibrin have been eliminated. Blood was obtained from healthy Malacosoma americanum larvee and six slides prepared. In a few days some of the blood cells disintegrated, but the majority lived and multiplied. In ten days beautiful syncytia had formed (PI. I, fig. 1). At the end of this time three of the slides were inoculated with some polyhedral material which had been passed through Berkefeld Grade “N” candles. The other three slides were kept as checks. All slides were observed for forty days. After this the cells in both experi- ments and checks ceased growing and disintegrated normally. 1 Locke’s solution consists of NaCl 0.9 per cent., CaClz 0.025 per cent., KCl 0.042 per cent., NaHC0Os 0.02 per cent., Dextrose 0.25 per cent., Peptone 0.2 per cent. 1917] Glaser—Growth of Insect Blood Cells in Vitro 3 The inoculated slides showed no indications of the formation of polyhedral bodies within the nuclei of the blood cells. This ex- periment was repeated twice more and with the same result; no difference between the experiments and checks was observed. Twelve healthy M. americanum larvee were fed with polyhedral virus passed through Berkefeld Grade “N” filters. As checks the same number of larvee were infected with the virus sterilized by autoclaving. At the end of ten days tissue culture preparations were made with blood taken from the experimental animals and from the checks. The slides were studied at once and it was found that two thirds of them, representing blood taken from animals fed with the unsterilized virus, showed infection. The early stages of polyhedra were discernible within the nuclei of many of the blood cells. Other cells still seemed to be in a normal condition. The slides representing blood taken from the checks appeared perfectly normal. The next day all of the slides were again examined, but no change was noticed with the exception that some of the cells had divided. In one day more nearly all of the ex- perimental blood cell nuclei were beset with large and small poly- hedra. In six to seven days the blood cells from the experimental animals began to disintegrate with the liberation of small and large, well formed, typical polyhedra. The cells on the check slides . disintegrated normally five days later. A large number of the blood cells of M. americanum are of the mulberry corpuscle type (PI. I, fig. 2). These are not so well adapted to cultivation as the ordinary blood cells (PI. I, figs. 3 and 4). For this reason the experiments were repeated with the blood of Porthetria dispar in which the mulberry cells are in the minor- ity. In these experiments it was likewise impossible to infect growing blood cells with the polyhedral virus, but if animals were first infected the formation of the polyhedra could be traced very nicely by taking the blood from the infected animals in about ten or twelve days and studying by means of the tissue culture method. What do these experiments signify? Several possibilities at once suggest themselves, but I will merely outline the two most probable. First of all let us suppose that I have actually cultivated the polyhedral virus on the tissue culture slides. Then why is it impossible to infect such tissue directly with the virus? Why is it necessary to give the virus “a start” within the insect itself? Per- 4 Psyche [February haps the early stages of the virus require some particular organ or tissue or some particular condition. The insect itself fulfills the required condition, but the blood cells growing in vitro do not. The later stages of the virus, however, find the conditions suitable on the tissue culture slides. Then again I may not have cultivated the virus at all. The caterpillars were infected with the polyhedral virus which may have a strong affinity for some particular tissue other than the blood. ‘Toxins may be elaborated and getting into the blood may start the degenerative changes which culminate in the formation of polyhedral bodies. These degenerative changes, after beginning within the animal, may later proceed outside of it on the tissue culture slides in the absence of the virus. I think that a series of passage infections would clear up the whole matter. This I have not yet attempted. A series of animals should be infected with fresh virus. In ten or twelve days tissue culture slides should be prepared from the blood. When polyhedral bodies begin to form, another series of animals should be infected from the slides. In ten or twelve days the blood should be taken from these ani- mals and kept on slides and if polyhedra form, a fresh series of animals should be again infected and so on. Such a series must, _ of course, be accompanied by suitable checks. If the animals in the later experimental series die typically and if there is no increase in the period from infection to death (about twenty days) it would be fairly certain that the virus has been cultivated and that one is not dealing with a partial recovery of the amount of the virus originally used. In cultivating insect tissue it is always well to prepare a great many slides. A few become contaminated with bacteria, but many disintegrate normally without showing the least inclination towards growth. The ability of the tissue to grow well also seems to a slight degree to vary according to the species of insect. The tent-caterpillar blood, for instance, does not grow as readily as the blood taken from the true army or fall-army worm. The blood from these two species does not grow nearly so well as the blood of the gipsy-moth caterpillar. One should never discard slides for at least a week or more. Very frequently nearly all of the cells will disintegrate during the first five or six days. A few, how- ever, live and these later increase and multiply forming beautiful 1917] Glaser—Growth of Insect Blood Cells in Vitro 5 syncytia. Ihave frequently given up slides as hopeless on account of what seemed to me to be complete disintegration, yet on reéxam- ination in about two weeks, I was astonished to find clusters of heal- thy looking, growing cells. I have kept true army and fall-army worm blood preparations alive for one month without washing out the cultures or transferring them to a fresh medium. Gipsy-moth blood cultures have been kept alive for as long as seventeen weeks without washing or trans- ferring. It is true, the cells were no longer vigorous and showed signs of beginning degeneracy, but they were alive. After washing out these old cultures with sterile Locke’s solution and filter paper, as is usually done, and transferring to a fresh medium like Locke’s solution the cells grew and multiplied as before. In so far as the morphological elements contained in insect blood are concerned, the ordinary amcebocytes (PI. I, figs. 3 and 4) are the only ones which multiply in tissue cultures. The minute amcebocytes (PI. I, fig. 5), the mulberry corpuscles (PI. I, fig. 2), and the cytoplasmic free cells (Pl. I, fig. 6) described by me in 1915! always disintegrate. A difference of opinion seems to exist in the literature as to the origin of the blood corpuscles of larval and adult insects. From my studies it appears that the blood cells, after their differentiation from the mesoderm during em- bryological development, simply maintain their numerical equilib- rium in larvee and adults by dividing mitotically at certain inter- vals. I cannot find any so-called blood corpuscle forming tissue at least in sections of caterpillars. Some of the visible changes observed on the culture slides in normal degenerating blood cells have proved instructive and have further helped to strengthen my views (published elsewhere) in regard to the nature of the polyhedral bodies found in the nuclei of certain pathological cells. Normal disintegration of insect blood cells is always accompanied by the formation of protein crystals within their cytoplasm. Crystalline disintegration ac- companied by granular disintegration seems to be the rule in nor- mal disintegrating insect tissue. Granular disintegration alone seems to be exceptional in blood cells at least. In the polyhedral diseases of insects protein crystals are likewise formed within the 1 Wilt of gipsy-moth caterpillars. Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. IV, No. 2, May, 1915, p. 113. 6 Psyche [February degenerating cells, but here the crystals are formed within the nuclei instead of within the cytoplasm. Normal blood cells in the early stages of disintegration show distinct granulations and also small highly refractive greenish crystals within the cytoplasm (PI. I, fig. 7). The nucleus does not show any changes till rather late. In a few days the cytoplasmic crystals become more and more numerous and likewise grow in * size (Pl. I, fig. 8). Still later they reach the size of 5 and 6y and assume a shape very closely simulating polyhedra. In a few days more the cells disintegrate, completely liberating granules and crystals (Pl. I, fig. 9). Some of these liberated crystals measure 15u or more in diameter (PI. I, fig. 10). Millon’s reagent demon- strates their protein nature and I believe that they are similar in many ways to the polyhedra. Of course, the composition of the polyhedra is different, since they are formed within the nuclei under pathological conditions, but what I wish to emphasize is that insect tissue has a normal tendency towards crystalline dis- integration. Is it, therefore, so surprising to find crystals (poly- hedra) within the degenerating nuclei in a series of insect diseases? LITERATURE List. Goldschmidt, R. °15. Some Experiments on Spermatogenesis in Vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. I, p. 220. Glaser, R. W. 715. Wilt of Gipsy-Moth Caterpillars. Journ. Agric. Research, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 101-128, 4 plates, 17 figs. Glaser, R. W. and Chapman, J. W. 7°16. The Nature of the Polyhedral Bodies Found in Insects. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXX, No. 5, pp. 367-384, 3 plates, 6 figs. Lewis, M. R. and Robertson, Wm. R. B. ’16. The Mitochondria and Other Structures Observed by the Tissue Culture Method in the Male Germ Cells of Chorthippus curti- pennis Scudd. Biol. Bull., Vol. XXX, No. 2, pp. 99-114, 5 plates, 51 figs. XXIV, Prats I. VoL. Psycur, 1917. Vitro. um GLAsER—Growth of Insect Blood Cells 1917] “ilcox—Rearing Insects for Experimental Purposes 7 EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Syneytium of growing amcebocytes. Fig. 2. A type of mulberry corpuscle. Fig. 3. Amoeboid amcebocyte. Fig. 4. Round amoebocyte. Fig. 5. Minute amcebocyte. Fig. 6. Cytoplasmic free cell. Fig. 7. Degenerating amoebocyte with a few small, refractive crystals in cytoplasm. Fig. 8. Degenerating amcoeboycte with numerous large, refrac- tive crystals in cytoplasm. Fig. 9. Disintegrated amcebocyte showing liberated granules and crystals. Fig. 10. Double crystal formed by a normally disintegrating amecebocyte. NOTES ON REARING INSECTS FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES AND LIFE-HISTORY WORK! By ALE. Wircox: Gipsy Moth Assistant, U. 5. Bureau of Entomology. INTRODUCTION. During the past two years I have been rearing insects for experi- mental and life-history studies. While engaged in this work it became necessary to develop new rearing methods and to modify some of the old ones. The rearing of insects from egg to adult is not always an easy task. Unforeseen difficulties arise anew with every species, in consequence of which I am offering these notes with the hope that entomologists will find them serviceable. During the life history of insects reared artificially, the following must be observed: 1 Contribution from the entomological laboratory of the Bussey Institution in codperation with the U.S. Bureau of Entomology. (Bussey Institution, No. 121.) 2 The writer desires to express his thanks to those who rendered valuable assistance in the preparation of this paper: Prof. William M. Wheeler, Dean of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University, and Mr. A. F. Burgess, in charge of gipsy-moth work, for their helpful criticisms; Dr. R. W. Glaser and Dr. J. W. Chapman of the Bureau of Entomology, for their suggestions; and Mr. Harold A. Preston of the same Bureau for the preparation of the illustrations. 8 Psyche [February Provision for an abundance of normal food. Provision for a suitable larval environment. Provision for a suitable pupal environment. Provision for a suitable adult and egg laying environment. Regulation of temperature and humidity. Prevention of disease. Prevention of parasitism by other insects. Bate pa Tue Use or Fruit Jars wit Tin Covers. The general use of shallow fruit jars (Pl. I, fig. 1) has been found extremely successful for many species of insects. By alter- ing conditions slightly for each stage (egg, larval, pupal and adult), these jars can be used throughout the life of many forms. The jars are four inches deep and four inches in diameter. The tin tops can be screwed on tightly without the use of rubber bands. In- sects confined in these jars cannot escape, nor can parasites enter. It is easy to duplicate conditions required by insects fond of a moist environment or which pupate in the soil. If at any time an excess of moisture forms, it may be diminished by loosening the screw tops or by adding a small quantity of dry sand. The following constitutes the method used successfully for rear- ing lepidopterous larve: CARE OF THE EGGs. The eggs are placed in a jar containing a piece of filter or blotting paper to absorb the excess moisture. The cover is screwed on tightly to prevent any larve from escaping when they hatch. Once in every three or four days, the cover is removed for a moment to permit the circulation of air. CARE OF THE LARV. As soon as hatching commences, a small amount of food is placed in the jars. Several hundred caterpillars may be placed in one jar, but as they increase in size the number per jar should be decreased in order to prevent overcrowding. After the larvee have molted once or twice, the filter paper may be removed, and a fourth of an inch of dry sand substituted. The sand is changed every three or four days before it becomes foul or mold develops. The jars should be kept shaded to ensure a nearly even tempera- ture. 1917] Wileox—Rearing Insects for Experimental Purposes 9 CARE OF THE Pup. As soon as the larve have pupated, the jars are cleaned and moist sand is put in. When moistening the sand, just enough water is added to darken it. The covers are screwed down tightly, but are removed every few days to allow a circulation of fresh air. If the sand becomes too moist, the covers are loosened; if too dry, a few drops of water may be added. CARE OF THE ADULTs. Before emergence, some bits of coarse hay, dry moss or pieces of paper are inserted into the jars to provide a resting place for the adults as soon as they appear. If perfect specimens of large species are desired the lidless jars are placed in a large wooden or pasteboard box. A stiff piece of paper or cardboard is inserted into each jar so the adults may easily crawl out. This arrange- ment will provide sufficient room for them to expand their wings and dry perfectly. Martine rue Apvtts. Some species of insects mate in almost any situation, but the majority prefer a simulation of their natural environment. These conditions may be provided in a number of ways. One of the most satisfactory methods is to grow the food plant of the species of insect concerned in a box of soil. When matings are desired, a small cylindrical wire screen or lamp chimney is placed over some of the food and the males and females placed thereon. When it is necessary for the adults to feed before mating, sugar-water may be provided. ‘The mating cages should be shaded and left undisturbed until after the deposition of the eggs. HIBERNATING Pup. The fruit jars have been used with great success in caring for hibernating pupx. Species that normally hibernate in the soil are placed in jars filled nearly half full of moist sand. This moisture will ensure sufficient humidity for several weeks. The jars should be opened every week or two to allow a circulation of fresh air. This also assists in the prevention of mold development. Jars with hibernating pup have been kept in a greenhouse where the temperature ranged from 60° to 80° F. during the day and from 45° to 55° F. at night with success. The jars should be shaded. 10 Psyche [February Fruit JARS FOR REARING BORERS. The jars may be used successfully for rearing borers from twigs, rotten wood, bark and fungi. Moist sand should not be added in this case, otherwise mold will develop. Fruit JARS WITH CHEESE-CLOTH Tops. The jars may be used with cheese-cloth covers especially during damp or rainy weather. Such covers have disadvantages com- pared with the tin tops. Much time is consumed in tying on the cheese-cloth, or if rubber bands are used, they are apt to break and allow the insects to escape. In dry weather the food does not remain fresh by the use of the cheese-cloth tops. OTHER METHODS. Caterpillars Reared in Bulk. If several hundred larve of a species, that normally pupate in the soil, are to be reared together, the following method has proven successful: A pen or corral was made of sheet tin or zine. This was placed in the soil to a depth of two inches, while the upper edges were tanglefooted or the top covered with cheese-cloth. The tangle- foot prevents the larvee from crawling out, but cheese-cloth is at times preferable if parasites are abundant. The mortality from wilt and other diseases is generally quite high in this type of rearing cage because the crowding aids the spread of infection. Tin Boxes. Isolated material is often desired, especially in experimental studies. For this work, I make use of small tin boxes with tightly fitting covers, one inch deep and two and a half inches in diameter. These boxes take up very little space, are easily cleaned by boiling in water or by sterilizing, and can be used repeatedly. They prevent parasites from entering and the larvee seem not to suffer in the least from the confinement. If the boxes are shaded the food keeps fresh for several days or until eaten. When the larve are nearly ready to pupate, a little sand is placed in the boxes. Moisture emitted by the food and larve is generally sufficient, but a few drops of water may be added to the sand when needed. 1917] Wilcox—Rearing Insects for Experimental Purposes | Battery Jars. Battery jars (PI. III, fig. 1) with pieces of glass for covers have been quite useful for rearing some insects. The glass covers en- sure a high humidity and this naturally keeps the food fresh. Such jars were found to be very satisfactory for rearing silkworms, many hundred having been reared during the summers of 1915 and 1916. Sand was placed in the bottom of the jars. During damp weather, or when there was an excess of water of condensation, the covers were removed to facilitate evaporation. Silkworms, as is known, do not ordinarily leave their food, so the covers could be removed with impunity. For rearing wood-boring insects, the battery jars have also been found very useful. : Trays. Several types of trays, designed at the Gipsy Moth Laboratory at Melrose Highlands, Mass., have been used quite extensively in rearing gipsy moths during the past few years. I have used trays of various sizes and shapes. The trays (PI. III, fig. 2) were usually made entirely of cardboard or wood with cheese-cloth or paraffin paper bottoms. ‘To prevent larvee from escaping, the edges of the trays were smeared with tangle-foot. These trays are used ex- tensively, but when a large number of larve are reared in a single tray, some difficulty is experienced, for the larvee often get caught in the tangle-foot and eventually form a bridge over which others escape. The tangle-foot must be repeatedly combed or stirred with a stiff brush. This cleans the tangle-foot and also forms ridges over which it is difficult for the larvee to escape. Diseases frequently develop and the mortality is generally high in such trays. Riley Cages. I have used a modified type of the Riley cage built for the Gipsy Moth Laboratory, with considerable success. The frames are built of wood, covered with a fine wire mesh. They are provided with removable wooden bottoms and have a door on one side. The cages are sixteen inches square and twenty-four inches in height. Considerable material, especially Cerambycids and their para- 12 Psyche [February sites, have been reared in these cages, from dead wood, etc. The cages were kept in a green-house, in a shaded position, and the wood containing the insects was moistened about once a week. The cages have also been utilized to some extent for rearing army-worms out of doors. In this case the bottoms were removed and the cages set in soil in a shaded place. If only a small number of larvee are to be reared, the cages may be placed over the in- sects’ natural food plant, but if one is dealing with great numbers, the food must be renewed daily. The cages are also useful in making matings. Some trouble was experienced by the swelling or shrinking of the cage doors, depending on weather conditions. Test Tubes. For rearing fruit-flies of the genus Drosophila, test tubes (PI. II, fig. 2) have proven very successful. An artificial food, banana agar, was used. This was made by crushing four ripe bananas and allowing them to infuse in 500 cc. of distilled water. The liquid was strained and 74 grams of powdered agar added. ‘The whole was then cooked until the agar was dissolved. The mixture was poured into test tubes, after which the tubes were sterilized and permitted to cool in a slanting position. Non-absorbent cot- ton plugs were used. The flies wil! readily oviposit on this medium and many generations a year may be reared. A piece of filter paper was placed in the tubes for the maggots to pupate upon. Fresh tubes are used for each generation. When newly hatched flies are to be transferred, they are first stupefied with ether. The banana agar is nearly transparent which enables one to note the feeding habits, ete., of the larvee. EXPLANATION OF Puatss II anp III. Plate II, Fig. 1. Fruit jars used for rearing various insects. Plate I, Fig. 2. Test tubes used for rearing flies of the genus Drosophila. Plate III, Fig. 1. Battery jars used for rearing various insects. Plate III, Fig. 2. Tray with paraffin paper bottom, for rearing insects. Psycue, 1917. Vou. XXIV, Prats II- : Witcox—Methods of Rearing Insects. Psycue, 1917. Vou. XXIV, Puate III. Wiicox—Methods of Rearing Insects. 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) 13 NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN TINGID/® (HEMIPTERA).! By H. M. Parsuuey. A number of highly interesting forms of the Hemipterous family Tingide have recently been submitted to me for study by Mr. Nathan Banks of the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy and others mentioned below. In treating this material it has been necessary to take into account the recent publications of Osborn and Drake,? in which there is much requiring comment, as hereafter noted in part. Most of the conclusions were reached by a study of the papers cited in the light of Tingid material in my hands, and they have been verified by an examination of the type specimens concerned, through the courtesy of Professor Osborn. The eminent European Hemipterist Bergroth has recently remarked on several occasions that the modern system of specific type fixation is likely to promote madequate describing, and al- though many will not be able to approve his resultant refusal to designate definite type specimens, the force of his remarks must yet be strongly felt when it becomes necessary to deal with descrip- tions which are not only inadequate but even seem, in some par- ticulars at least, to have been based upon a study of highly inac- curate figures rather than specimens—work which without some revision puts serious obstacles in the way of later investigators. Of course the designation of type specimens is not entirely to blame for this, but the feeling that species, however inadequately characterized, and genera, even without any description, are firmly established if only types are designated, tends to belittle the importance of the written record. After all, the printed word, capable of indefinite reduplication, accessible to everyone, and permanent, is of prime importance; while type specimens, limited in number, generally inaccessible, and perishable in na- ture, should be treated as of merely supplementary value. For this reason I am in accord with Van Duzee and others who Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institution, Harvard University, No. 127. 2The Tingitoidea of Ohio, Ohio Biol. Surv., Vol. 2, Bull. 8, 1916, pp. 217-251. Some New Species of Nearctic Tingidze, Ohio Jour. Sci., Vol. 17, 1916, pp. 9-15. 14 Psyche [February maintain that where description and type disagree in important particulars, the former should take precedence. Acalypta lillanis Bueno. In their first paper Osborn and Drake properly treat the long- and short-winged forms as conspecific, but the drawing on page 221 is very inaccurate as regards the structure of the head, which, of course, is precisely similar in the two forms of the species. The differences in head and antennal structure to be noted in com- paring this figure with that on the next page do not exist in nature. This is no doubt due in part to the fact that the artist, being unfamiliar with the subject, drew the two specimens from some- what different points of view. The authors are then entirely unjustified in announcing, on page 9 of their second paper, that de la Torre Bueno’s species is composite, the more so as they have not studied his extensive type series which I can state, after care- ful examination, to be perfectly homogeneous, as is a good series of the species in Mr. H. G. Barber’s collection. Moreover, there is nothing in the original description! on which the assumption can be based, and it thus appears that as in some other cases undue attention has been given drawings of doubtful accuracy. Whether or not the type specimen of A. ovata O. & D. represents a species distinct from Jlillianis is another question. It is a little broader posteriorly than is usual in the short-winged form of the latter species and the first antennal segment is slightly different in form, but it agrees with the figure little better and presents no characters that I would consider of specific importance. Fenestrella O. & D. In their description of this extraordinary genus the founders omit to mention the following important characters: the buccule are contiguous anteriorly, much as in Melanorhopala, for stance; the metasternal orifices are obsolete; the surface of the hemielytra is deeply channelled, the main veins being raised on very prominent roof-like elevations, a condition which would be somewhat modified in the as yet unknown long-winged form. The drawing of the type species on page 223 of the first paper is inaccurate in numerous particulars: the general form is in reality much less elongate, the 1 Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, 1916, p. 39. 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingidw (Hemiptera) 15 costal margin being more abruptly curved posteriorly than the figure would indicate; the base of the third antennal segment is slightly capitate; the eyes project laterally less than one third their width beyond the antenniferous tubercles, ete. Fenestrella is extremely isolated, having no close relationship with any Pale- arctic or American genus known to me. It differs from Acalypta in some of the most important characters, and yet it cannot be placed elsewhere with much greater propriety. Further material in the genus will be awaited with great interest. Corythucha Stal. As I am hoping to treat the North American forms of this genus in a later paper, I shall make no other comment here than to point out that while most of the new species recently described by Osborn and Drake are very distinct and well known forms, there are some which cannot be located without reference to the types, because it is impossible to deduce from the descriptions an adequate notion of the important characters derived from exact relative width and height of the hood and from the altitude of the median carina with reference to that of the hood. Galeatus peckhami Ashm. Of the two examples of this species known to me to have been taken in New England, one was found at Princeton, Me., and the other near the Glen House, Mt. Washington, N. H., both col- lected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. I have already published the latter record,! which may be what Osborn and Drake erroneously refer to on page 237 of their first paper. Uhler in his paper? on the Hemiptera of Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., makes reference in- definitely to Massachusetts in discussing the distribution of this ‘ species, but as is the case with so many of the faunistic generali- zations of this author, confirmatory records of actual capture are desirable if one is seeking exact knowledge. Leptobyrsa rhododendri Horv. Champion has recently shown’ that L. explanata Heid. is synon- 1 Ent. News, Vol. 27, 1916, p. 105. The Connecticut record for Zelus socius Uhl. given in this paper pertains to Z. audax Banks. 2Proc. U.S. N. Mus., Vol. 27, 1904, p. 362. 3 Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol. 52, 1916, p. 207-208. 16 Psyche [February ymous with Horvath’s previously published name. The species was first described from Holland where it was found infesting rhododendrons, probably as a visitor from the United States, and recently it has similarly occurred in England. As noted by Cham- pion, Heidemann’s generic reference is correct, as the lateral pro- notal carinae are percurrent in this species and not abbreviated as in Stephanitis Stal. Leptoypha Stal. The rather common misspelling, Leptophya, is perpetuated by Osborn and Drake on page 241 of their first paper. In their generic diagnosis it is the posterior “tip” of the rostral sulcus which is described as open, though in reality it is nearly or quite closed by the convergent ends of the metasternal ridges. In L. mutica Say the head is provided with five spines as in related forms. The chief characters separating Leptoypha from closely allied genera may be stated as follows: Entire surface very finely and evenly reticulate; antenne short, cylindrical, the third segment not greatly longer than the others together; hood absent; lateral carinze absent or vestigial; paranota linear, cariniform; costal area linear or narrow and uniseriate; subcostal area with 4-6 rows of areoles. Leptoypha costata sp. nov. Long-winged form.—Brown, shining, evenly and finely reticu- late; more or less variegated with vague darker markings; prono- tum with a black transverse suture interrupted at middle; body beneath chestnut brown, sternal region infuscated. Head broad; vertex punctate at middle; basal spines short, reach- ing base of anterior spines, which are short and curved with apices meeting that of median spine; antenniferous tubercles moderate in size, oblique, rounded exteriorly; antennz short, cylindrical, minutely pubescent, first and second segments nearly equal, slightly longer than broad, thickest, third slightly more slender, cylindrical, a little less than twice as long as the first two together, fourth some- what longer than the first, fusiform. Pronotum convex at middle, narrowed anteriorly, depressed behind the narrow raised apical collar; median carina slightly raised but appreciably percurrent; lateral carinz parallel, exceedingly faint, beginning just anterior to summit of pronotal convexity and extending to margins of angu- 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) ifs late process. Paranota! linear, cariniform, exterior margin straight, somewhat broader anteriorly. Hemielytra at middle distinctly broader than pronotum, extending a little beyond apex of abdomen; costal area narrow, distinctly uniseriate, biseriate anteriorly; subcostal area with 5 or 6 rows of areoles at most, obtusely angulate at apex of discoidal, which extends beyond middle of hemielytra; sutural with slightly larger areoles apically. Legs rather robust. Rostrum scarcely reaching middle coxee. Orifices but slightly ele- vated, narrow, transverse. Pleure largely reticulate. Abdomen shining, the segments roughened posteriorly. Hind wings almost as long as hemielytra. Form obovate, broadest behind middle, costal margin nearly straight in apical half. Length 9, 2.8 mm.; width 1.3 mm. Holotype and paratype, two 2 2, Marshall Hall, Md., 1 August, 1891 (N. Banks), in M. C. Z. Collection. This species is easily distinguished from mutica by its shorter and broader form, slightly shorter antenne with more slender third segment and distinctly shorter fourth, somewhat more promi- nent paranota, and especially by its distinct and completely reticu- lated costal area which in Say’s species is cariniform and percepti- bly reticulate only toward apex. The lateral pronotal carinz are very inconspicuous in costata and obsolete or nearly so in mutica. Physatocheila Fieb. In connection with my treatment of the North American species in a recent paper,” it should be made clear that the arrangement of areoles in the costal area is somewhat variable and not always symmetrical, although a majority of specimens exhibit the condi- tions described. In cases of doubt the other characters mentioned are amply sufficient to insure recognition of the forms. Melanorhopala Stal. Our conception of this genus must be slightly modified to accom- modate M. duryi O. & D. and the new form described below, which, though in my opinion congeneric with clavata, exhibits certain marked differences. According to this view the chief characters 1See Jour. New York Ent. Soc., Vol. 24, 1916, p.8. Crampton in a morphological paper has proposed this convenient name for the lateral expansions of the pronotum. 2 Psyche, Vol. 23, 1916, pp. 163-168. The holotype of D. tricornis americana is in the col- lection of the Boston Society National History, notin mine, as erroneously stated on p. 164, 18 Psyche [February of Melanorhopala may be stated as follows: Form elongate, de- pressed, the hemielytra flat or showing only the slightest convexity. Antenne usually rather long and slender, the third segment cylin- drical, usually somewhat curved and enlarged toward the apex in varying degrees. Pronotum tricarinate; hood small and not produced anteriorly; paranota narrow, uniseriate, reflexed ver- tically or against the pronotal surface. Hemielytra in the long- winged form widely overlapping and broadly rounded at apex, in the short-winged form very slightly overlapping, acute and dis- tinetly divaricate at apex; main veins distinctly costate; costal area usually uniseriate, sometimes irregularly biseriate; subcostal area biseriate. The following table will assist in separating the species: 1. Third antennal segment slender, not thicker than the fourth except sometimes at extreme apex; size larger.......... 2 Third antennal segment rather thick, cylindrical, slightly clavate toward apex which is one third thicker than the fourth segment; form very broad; length, 3.5 mm duryi O. & D. 2. Costal area (costal membrane of Stal) uniseriate, evenly reticu- lated; color pale and uniform im general........:......- 3 Costal area bi- or triseriate in part, irregularly reticulated; color wariegated 23.5. 2:4 eae ee infuscata sp. nov. 3. Third antennal segment very slender, much thinner than the fourth, abruptly and strongly clavate at apex; fourth seg- MmPehit. COMICAl ye, ase pees eis Soe eae eee clavata Stal. Third antennal segment less slender, but little thinner than the fourth, less enlarged at apex; fourth fusiform............ 4 4. Length less than 5 mm.; form narrow; paranota vertically re- flexed; antenne distinctly though not strongly clavate obscura Parsh. Length more than 5 mm.; paranota reflexed almost or quite against pronotal surface; antenne scarcely clavate...... 5 5. Antenne very long, extending beyond apex of abdomen; second segment distinctly narrowed at base; form narrow lurida Stal. Antennze much shorter; second segment less narrowed at base; fOrniBO TOs: s.1..-. VocR IE Ee eae ie Oe ae uniformis Stal. 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) 19 M. duryi O. & D. The shape of the antenne in this species is not correctly repre- sented in the figure given by the authors on page 15 of their second paper. In the type specimen the first and second segments are nearly equal in size, the third almost perfectly cylindrical with some slight enlargement toward the apex, decidedly longer in proportion to its thickness than indicated, and slightly curved as in all the other species of the genus except infuscata, and the fourth is thinner than the figure shows and fusiform, not conical. The anterior spines of the head are short and decidedly curved, the main veins of the hemielytra though strongly costate are unusually irregular, tending to follow the outlines of the areoles, and the general form is very broad, even for a short-winged form. M. lurida Stal and M. uniformis Stal. I believe that these species have been correctly located by Osborn and Drake, as from Stal’s descriptions it is impossible to suppose that these species differ from clavata in any characters of impor- tance beyond those drawn from the form of the antenne. I have seen infuscata sp. nov. in several collections determined as wuni- formis, but the former differs so strikingly from clavata, to which the latter is compared by Stal, that such a view cannot be enter- tained unless examination of Stal’s type should unexpectedly demonstrate its truth. Melanorhopala infuscata sp. nov. Long-winged form.—Dark yellowish brown with conspicuous darker markings. Head uniform brown, the spines paler; anten- ne dark brown, the fourth segment and apex of third slightly darker. Pronotum broadly and variably infuscated, lateral mar- gins and hood excepted; apex of angulate process yellowish white. Hemielytra variegated with very irregular and variable infuscation of veinlets here and there in all the areas, the infuscation some- times extending to large portions of the surface; sutural area with a large paler region at apex. Body beneath brown, abdomen broadly pale along median line, narrowly at the lateral margins; genital segment darker. Legs brown; tarsi black. Hind wings fuscous. 20 Psyche [February Head much as in clavata, the median spine arising more pos- teriorly, between the eyes. Antenne minutely pubescent, very slender, longer than head and pronotum together; first segment oblong, about as thick as the eye is wide as seen from above, second segment smaller, evenly enlarged toward apex, third very long and slender, thinner than the second, cylindrical, with an almost imperceptible enlargement at extreme apex, almost or quite straight, apex oblique; fourth as long as the first and second together, very slightly thicker than the third, fusi- form but not quite regular in shape. Pronotal hood roof-like, a little more elevated than in clavata; convexity of pronotum bounded posteriorly by a continuous transverse im- pression; carine very low, uniseriate; paranota_ re- flexed closely against pro- B notal surface. Costal mar- gin of hemielytra slightly A Y curved in male, more strongly so in female; costal area broader behind middle, irregularly reticulate, uni- seriate anteriorly, biseriate at middle, triseriate behind middle, uniseriate at ex- treme apex; subcostal area almost perfectly and regularly biseri- ate; discoidal area a little more sinuate exteriorly than in clavata, extending much beyond middle of hemielytra; sutural area with larger areoles at apex and along inner margin. Legs and struc- tures of ventral aspect much as in clavata, except that the bucculz are more rounded ventrally, rostrum extends beyond hind coxe, and the female genitalia encroach farther upon the disc of the abdomen. Wings extending beyond apex of abdomen. Form broader than in clavata, male narrower than the female. Length o 5.4mm. © 5.5 mm.; width o 1.5 mm., © 1yemmn, Fig. 1. Antenne; A, Melanorhopala in- fuscata sp. nov.; B, Alveotingis grossocerata O.&D 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) PA Holotype <, allotype, and two paratypes, & and 9°, Falls: Church, Va., 27, 30 July, 2 August (N. Banks) in M. C. Z., Bar- ber’s, and my collection. From bark of tulip tree (Liriodendron). This species is easily distinguished by its slender inclavate antennz (fig. 1, A), irregularly reticulate costal area, dark and variegated coloration, and broad form. ‘These characters are not of subgeneric value according to the standards established in the treatment of Paleearctic genera. Hesperotingis gen. nov. Form ovate, broadly so in the short-winged forms; surface of hemielytra distinctly but not strongly convex in both forms. Head with two basal spines and three anterior as in allied genera; vertex with a narrow punctate area behind the median spine; an- tenn incrassate, the third segment very distinctly clavate, sub- cylindrical at base and apex. Hood very feebly developed, pro- thorax otherwise as in Melanorhopala. Hemielytra somewhat convex, the areas distinctly limited by moderately costate veins; costal area uniseriate, subcostal almost perfectly biseriate in known species; discoidal narrow, four or five areoles wide at most, slightly sinuate exteriorly, extending beyond middle of hemielytra, similar in long- and short-winged forms; sutural as in Melanorhopala; apices of hemielytra not divaricate in the short-winged form. Bucculze almost or quite contiguous anteriorly, not fused. Metas- ternal orifices distinct. This genus is most closely related to Melanorhopala Stal and Alveotingis O. & D., but I have found it impossible to unite it with either even as a distinct subgenus. From the former it is dis- tinguished by the incrassate, almost evenly clavate antenne, convex oval form, and nondivaricate hemielytral apices in the short-winged condition, while in habitus it is totally unlike the latter, though similar in antennal structure, the form being much less convex, the hemielytral areas more distinctly defined, and the reticulation less uniform. Type of the genus Hesperotingis antennata sp. nov. Hesperotingis antennata sp. nov. (Fig. 2). Long-winged form.—Brown; head, pronotum, and antennz be- yond the middle, infuscated; membranous portions between the 22 Psyche [February veinlets opaque white. Anterior margin of pronotum, hood, an- terior portion of paranota, and margins and apical region of angulate process, yellow. Veinlets of hemielytra light brown, a few irregularly darker; veins defining discoidal area, sometimes one running obliquely across it, one extending from its apex, and one near and parallel with sutural margin, dark brown. Abdomen Fig. 2. Hesperotingis antennata gen. et sp. nov. A, long-winged 9; B, short- winged 9; 1, antenniferous tubercle; 2, paranotum; 3, pronotal carinae; 4, angu- late process of pronotum; 5, costal area (costal membrane of Stal); 6, subcostal area (costal of Stal); 7, discoidal area; 8, sutural area (apical of Puton in long- winged form). beneath chestnut brown, shining, sutures darker; buccule, sternal ridges, and pleural margins pale. Spines of head somewhat variable in length and shape, the two anterior short, strongly curved, and almost or quite meeting over apex of median; eyes strongly granulated, as seen from above longer than wide; antenniferous tubercles as seen from above prominent, convex exteriorly, acute at apex, obliquely truncate. Antenne almost as long as head and pronotum together; first 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) 23 segment oblong, almost glabrous; second shorter and a little nar- rower than the first, wider toward apex, with minute decumbent pubescence; third very large, clavate, in basal third more slender than the second, in apical third about as wide as the first is long, with fine pubescence becoming denser toward apex; fourth seg- ment small, conical, more slender than the third at apex, with long dense pubescence. Pronotum transversely convex; narrowed, subeylindrical, and depressed anteriorly, margins and apical half of angulate process depressed, flat; anterior margin arcuate, with a slightly elevated collar of one or two rows of areoles; hood repre- sented by a small backward extension of the collar; paranota reflexed closely against pronotal surface; carine low, slightly diver- gent posteriorly, the extreme apices of the lateral outcurved, termi- nating at the level of the posterior margin of hood, the median percurrent. Hemielytra extending much beyond apex of abdo- men, the marginal vein depressed, the costal area reflexed; sutural area with somewhat enlarged areoles. Buccule large, curved ventrally, angulate posteriorly; rostral sulcus deeper and wider posteriorly. Rostrum reaching hind cox. Hind wings extending beyond apex of abdomen. Segments of abdomen faintly and irreg- ularly striate on apical half. Genitalia much as in allied species. Form elongate oval. Length ° 4.5 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Short-winged form (fig. 2, B).—Similar in every way to the preceding, except that the general form is broadly oval; pronotum is flat and less broadened posteriorly; the carinz parallei; hemie- lytra but slightly longer than abdomen, the costal margin strongly curved, apices narrowly rounded, and sutural area much reduced. Length 2 3.7 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Holotype: long-winged @, Lakehurst, N. J., 27 June (H. G. B.) in Barber’s collection; paratypes: long-winged 9, Smiths Point, Fire Island Beach, N. Y., 19 July, 1913 (J. R. T. B.) in de la Torre Bueno’s collection; short-winged 9 9, Delaware Water Gap, 4 September (Mrs. A. T. Slosson) in Barber’s collection; New Haven, Conn., 4 September, 1911 (C. E. Olsen) in de la Torre Bueno’s collection. A specimen from Hampton, N. H., 15 August, 1909 (S. A. Shaw) differs from the others in having very slightly shorter and uniformly dark antennz and the subcostal area somewhat irregularly and asymmetrically reticulated with three rows of areoles in places Q4 Psyche [February behind the middle. It does not appear to me to be specifically distinct and in the absence of further material may, for the sake of exact reference, be called var. borealis nov. Holotype in M. C. Z collection. The example from the Delaware Water Gap, recently submitted to me by Barber, bears the MS. name Melanorhopala slossoni Heid. Hesperotingis fuscata sp. nov. Short-winged form.—Uniform dark fuscous, pronotum some- what paler, membrane of areoles opaque gray, main veins of hemi- elytra black. Anterior spines of head short, separated, but slightly curved. Antenne shorter and thicker than in the preceding, the third segment more evenly clavate, being subcylindrical only toward apex, not at base. Hood still more reduced, scarcely noticeable as distinct from the raised pronotal margin; paranota vertical, not applied to pronotal surface; carine more strongly elevated, as are the chief veins of the hemielytra; subcostal area biseriate but having a few extra areoles along the middle. Other characters as in the preceding. Form broadly ovate. Length 9 3.4 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Holotype: short-winged @, Golden, Colo. (W. J. Gerhard) in Barber’s collection. Easily distinguished from antennata by its uniform dark color, antennal shape, and vertical paranota. Alveotingis O. & D. This genus is notable for a very peculiar habitus arising from the extremely convex form and shining surface. In most of its characters it closely approaches Melanorhopala and Hesperotingis, while bearing a certain superficial resemblance to the Serenthiini although it of course lacks the pronotal and femoral structure characteristic of this tribe. It approaches the European Oncochila in having the hemielytral areas poorly defined, but differs widely in paranotal structure and in facies. The more important char- acters of Alveotingis may be stated as follows: form elongate oval, hemielytra very convex, their surface smooth and shining, without costate main veins, although the outlines of the areas are traceable. Head as in related genera, the antennal tubercles of 1917] Parshley—Notes on North American Tingide (Hemiptera) 25 the usual structure, as in Melanorhopala for instance; antennze (fig. 1, B) shaped much as in Hesperotingis, the third segment clavate, smallest at base and cylindrical toward apex. ‘Thorax as in Melanorhopala. Costal area of hemielytra uniseriate in the only known species; subcostal biseriate; discoidal extending beyond middle of hemielytra. In the short-winged form the hemielytra are rounded at apex, not divaricate, in the long-winged they are broadly rounded at apex and widely overlapping. Buccule closed anteriorly. Metasternal orifices distinct. A. grossocerata O. & D. Probably this specific name must stand for the present, although Oshanin in his catalogue of Palaearctic Hemiptera rejects such on grammatical grounds. The type specimen of this species is a short-winged male. The figure on page 246 of Osborn and Drake’s first paper is incorrect in certain important details. The antennif- erous tubercles are in reality constructed just as in related genera, and have no very striking similarity to an antennal segment. The third antennal segment is almost evenly clavate (fig. 1, B) and not fusiform as in Osborn and Drake’s drawing. The hemielytral areas are traceable, though stated in the description to be undif- ferentiated, but the main veins are scarcely elevated. The general form is more elongate and narrowed posteriorly than the drawing would indicate. In this species the rostrum reaches the middle coxe. Long-winged form.—Pronotum enlarged and convex as in re- lated genera. Hemielytra ample, extending considerably beyond apex of abdomen; costal margin slightly curved; sutural area with areoles grading larger inwardly and toward apex. Hemielytra distinctly more convex than in related genera, and habitus just as in the short-winged form except for structures affected by di- morphism. Length @ 3.4 mm. Described from a female specimen lacking the third and fourth antennal segments and otherwise somewhat mutilated, taken on Mt. Washington, N. H. (W. F. Fiske), and sent to me for examina- tion by Drake. The basal antennal segments are somewhat smaller than in the short-winged type specimen of the species, but this is no doubt due to individual variation as indicated by a short- winged male example intermediate in this regard but otherwise identical, submitted to me by de la Torre Bueno. 26 Psyche [February THE NORTH AMERICAN ANTS DESCRIBED BY ASA FITCH. By Wiuu1amM Morton WHEELER, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Asa Fitch, in his well-known report on the insects infesting fruit and forest trees, first issued in 1855 in the Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society and in 1856 as a separate volume, published descriptions and ethological notes on six species of com- mon North American ants which he named the “cherry ant” (Myrmica cerasi Fitch), the “troublesome ant” (Myrmica molesta Say), the “silky ant”? (Formica subsericea Say), the “wood-eating ant” (F. herculeana L.; F. ligniperda Latr.), the ““New York ant” (F. noveboracensis Fitch) and the “walnut ant” (F. cary@ Fitch). Hymenopterists have bestowed little attention on Fitch’s work and have even misinterpreted some of his descriptions. A recent visit to the United States National Museum, where I found the types of his F. noveboracensis and carye, has led me to study the de- scriptions of these and the other species with a view to determining the names by which they should now be known. 1. There is no difficulty in regard to Myrmica cerasi, which Emery was undoubtedly right in regarding as a distinct and easily recognizable color-variety of what had been previously described by Say (1836) as Myrmica lineolata, now known as Crematogaster lineolata var. cerast Fitch. 2. Fitch described at length the habits of Myrmica molesta Say. Mayr, Forel, Dalla Torre and others believed Say’s species to be merely the common house ant, Monomorium pharaonis L., because Say mentioned its occurrence in dwellings, but as Fitch describes it as nesting also “‘in our pastures and plowed fields and sometimes doing much injury in cornfields, gnawing the blades of corn when they are but a few inches high, for the purpose of drinking the sweet juice which flows from the wounds,’ it is evident that he refers to what Mayr later called Solenopsis debilis. 'The European -myrmecologists were misled by their inability to believe that a small Solenopsis, closely allied to the European S. fugax Latr., could become a household pest. Many years ago I showed that this is really the case and supported Emery’s contention that Say’s 1917] Wheeler—The North American Ants Described by Fitch SAT species should be known as Solenopsis molesta (=debilis Mayr). Fitch’s observations, which were unknown to me at that time, are additional confirmation of our view. 3. The silky ant, Formica subsericea Say, is, of course, the com- mon form now regarded as merely a more pubescent variety of F. fusca L. 4. Fitch’s description of F. herculeana and ligniperda, which he evidently believed to be synonymous, shows that he referred to what we now call Camponotus herculeanus L. subsp. pennsylvanicus DeGeer. He was thoroughly familiar with this insect and its habits. 5. Fitch’s description of F. noveboracensis is very clear and shows that he had before him specimens of what Forel later called Camponotus ligniperdus var. pictus. Some years ago Pergande proved this from examination of Fitch’s types. As ligniperda is merely a subspecies of herculeanus, the ant is now called C. her- culeanus L. subsp. ligniperda Latr. var. noveboracensis Fitch. It should be noted that the last name is spelled “‘novawboracensis” by Fitch. It is, perhaps, permissible to amend so obvious an orthographic error. 6. On examining the types of Fitch’s Ff. caryw (several workers and females) in the National Museum I was surprised to find that they are identical with the form described by Emery in 1893 as Camponotus marginatus Latr. var. nearcticus. Emery subse- quently discovered that Latreille’s marginatus was a variety of C. maculatus Fabr. subsp. ethiops Fabr. and that what Roger and later myrmecologists had been calling marginatus was really the form described by Nylander in 1856 as fallax. In my later papers I therefore referred nearcticus and a whole series of allied sub- species and varieties to Nylander’s species. It is now evident that nearcticus becomes a synonym of carye and that the closely related fallax of Europe, described a year later, becomes C. carye var. fallax Nyl. Hence the synonymy of the typical cary@ would stand as follows: Camponotus (Camponotus) caryw Fitch. Formica carye Fitch, Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. 14 (1854), 1855, pp. 855-859, 8, 9, o’; First and Second Report on the Nox. Benef. and Other Ins. State N. Y., 1856, pp. 151-155; Third Report, 1859, p. 123. 28 Psyche [February ?Formica atra Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 6, 1866, p. 160, 8. Camponotus marginatus Mayr (nec Latreille), Verh. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien. 36, 1886, p. 423 (in part). C. marginatus var. nearcticus Emery, Zoél. Jahrb. Abth. f. Syst. 7, 1893, p. 675, 8, 9; Wheeler, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21, 1905, p. 402; Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, 1906, p. 24. C. fallax Nyl. var. nearcticus Wheeler, Ann. Rep. N. J. State Mus. (1909), 1910, p. 663; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 18, 1910, p. 292: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 20, 1910, p. 342. Both Cresson (Synops. Fam. Gen. Hymen., 1887, p. 255) and Dalla Torre (Catalog. Hymen., 7, 1893, p. 247) assumed that Fitch’s F. carye was merely a synonym of Camponotus pennsyl- vanicus, but, as we have seen, Fitch was well acquainted with this ant under the old name F. herculeana and we could hardly suppose that so competent an entomologist would redescribe it under a new name. And although some of the distinctive characters are omitted in the description of carya, it is, nevertheless, sufficiently explicit, even if the ethological notes and the types did not make the identification certain. . In conclusion the twenty described subspecies and varieties that must now be referred to the American cary@, as the specific type, instead of to the European fallax, together with their known distribution, may be listed as follows: North American Forms. C. carye Fitch.—United States and British America. var. minutus Emery.—United States and British America. var. pardus Wheeler.—New York and New Jersey. var. tanquaryt Wheeler.—Illinois. var. decipiens Emery.—Indiana to Utah. subsp. rasilis Wheeler.—Gulf States to Arizona. var. pavidus Wheeler.—Gulf States. subsp. subbarbatus Emery.—New Jersey to California. var. paucipilis Emery.— Maryland. subsp. discolor Buckley.—Texas to Illinois. var. clarithorax Emery.—Pennsylvania to California. var. enemidatus Emery.—Maryland. 1917] Wheeler—A New Malayan Ant of the Genus Prodiscothyrea 29 Eurasian Forms. C. carye var. fallax Nyl.—Southern Europe. var. ruzskyt Emery.—Russia. var. lameerei Emery.—Tashkund. var. kamensis Ruzsky.—Kasan. var. himalayanus Forel.—Himalayas. var. quadrinotatus Forel.—Japan. var. nawai Ito. Japan. subsp. vitiosus F. Smith.—Japan. subsp. brunni Forel.—Japan. A NEW MALAYAN ANT OF THE GENUS PRODISCOTHYREA. By Witi1am Morton WHEELER, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Prodiscothyrea bryanti sp. nov. Worker: Length, 2 mm. Very similar to the genotype P. vel- utina, which I recently described from Queensland, Australia (Trans. Royal Soc. South Australia, 40, 1916, pp. 33-37, Pl. 4), but differing in the following characters: The head is proportion- ally smaller and much less convex above, especially behind the frontal carine, the eyes are much smaller and the cheeks have a more prominent blunt tooth in front of the eyes. The antennal scapes are less abruptly narrowed at the base and the funicular joints, with the exception of the last are even more transverse, so that the whole funiculus is shorter, being scarcely longer than the scape. Thorax shorter, not 15 times as long as broad, less convex in front, with less angular humeri and with more distinct epinotal teeth and more nearly vertical epinotal declivity. Petiole much smaller and broader, nearly four times as broad as long and with a more pronounced, compressed, translucent tooth on its ventral sur- face. Postpetiole alsoshorter, less decidedly narrowed in front and less depressed above in front than in velutina. Sculpture, pubes- cence and color very similar to those of velutina but the dark median dorsal line on the postpetiole and first gastric segment is lacking. Described from a single specimen taken on Penang Island in the Straits Settlements by Mr. G. E. Bryant and sent me by Mr. 30 Psyche [February Horace Donisthorpe. The discovery of this second species of Prodiscothyrea indicates that the members of the genus, like the species of Discothyrea, belong to a widely and discontinuously distributed and very ancient, hypogeic relict fauna, all the components of which are very rare and evidently on the verge of extinction. ANTHOCYANIN IN PTEROCOMMA SMITHIAZ (Mon.). : By RW. GrasEr, Bussey Institution, Harvard University. Pterocomma smithie (Mon.), an aphid, found on the stems and twigs of willow trees, contains a red pigment which seems to be localized in the cytoplasm of the fat cells. The pigment is soluble in water and alcohol, but especially in hydrochloric acid. A large number of aphids were rubbed up in a mortar with a few cubic centimeters of !/1) molecular HCl. This solution was then poured into a test tube and placed in a water bath for ten or fifteen minutes to facilitate the extraction of the pigment. After this, the liquid which became an intense dark red was filtered. If a few drops of 26 per cent. ammonia are now added the solution becomes blue or bluish green. On adding more and more of the alkali, a light green color appears, gradually passing to yellow. The reaction may be reversed at any point by adding HCl. If, after obtaining the yellow color with the alkali, one adds enough '/1) molecular HCl to the liquid the yellow will gradually pass back to the light green and bluish green. These color reactions very strongly suggest the anthocyanins found in plants. Anthocyanins form red pigments with acids which turn blue on the addition of ammonia. I suggest the fol- lowing possible series of reactions which might account for the red pigment in the aphids. The aphids suck up the hydroxyflavones from the plants! together with the sap. The hydroxyflavone is then reduced to anthocyanin in the body of the insect and later converted into the red pigment. The red pigment is deposited in the fat cells and may function as a respiratory pigment although this is not at all likely. .1Tests showed anthocyanin to be absent in twigs of willow. 1917] Exchange Column 31 EXCHANGE COLUMN. Notices not to exceed four lines in length concerning exchanges desired of specimens or entomological literature will be inserted free for subscribers, to be run as long as may be deemed advisable by the editors. The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 272 Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J. Offered for cash, but exchange preferred. Fitch and early Illinois reports; Insect Life; Harris’s Insect; many others.—J. EF. Hallinen, Cooperton, Okla. Histeridee. North American Histeridz identified or unidentified, desired in exchange for beetles of other families. F. G. Carnochan, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Massachusetts. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. I desire specimens of this group from all regions, especially New England. I will give in exchange species of this and other orders (except Lepidoptera), and will identify New England material. Correspondence desired.—H. M. Parshley, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Mass. Wanted: Psyche, Vol. IX, No. 300 (April, 1901). Address, giving price, Libra- rian, Stanford University, Cal. Sarcophagide from all parts of the world bought or exchanged according to arrangement. North American material determined.—R. R. Parker, Entomolog- ical Laboratory, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Wanted: Transactions American Entomological Soc., Vol. 4; Entomological News, Vol. 2, Nos. 6 and 10; Vol. 8, Nos. 1 and 6; Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2; Vol. 10, No. 10; Vol. 11, Nos. 1, 3 and 5. Will purchase at reasonable price.—Howard L. ‘Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Wanted: Insects of any order from ant. nests, with specimens of the host ants, from any part of the world; also Cremastochiline of the world. Will give cash or Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera from the United States—Wm. M. Mann, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Wanted: Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. 4. Also will pur- chase specimens of Catocola Sappho.—Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Provi- dence, R. I. Wanted: Old Series Entom., Bul. 1, 2, 3, 33; Technical Series 4, 6, 7; Insect Life, vol. 4-6; Jour. Applied Microscopy I, N. Y. State Entom. Rep. 3, 4; Fitch Rep. 7, 8, 13.—Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. Would appreciate receiving date, stage and mode of hibernation of insects of all orders. J. P. Baumberger, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Wanted: Ill. Ent. Rpts. 2, 3, 5, 7. 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 19; Hensham’s List of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, 1895. For Exchange Bulletins and Circulars U. S. Bur. Ent.—J. S. Wade, Wellington, Kan. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Best equipped establishment in the United States for furnishing. Entomo- logical Supplies and Specimens Special attention is called to our American Ent. Insect Pins. Hand made Schmitt and other Insect boxes. Cabinets and Exhibition Cases of the finest workmanship. 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New illustrated catalogue of Insects in preparation. Will be ready for dis- tribution in about two months. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment PSYCHE A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ESTABLISHED IN 1874 VOb. eX1V - APRIL, 1917 NUMBER 2 Prodryas persephone Scudder. + CONTENTS. Descriptions of a Few New Diaphorus from the Western States. CUE PSA Bop oo Bee iy Ol eae en Mr a ed Be Se ae Arthropods in Burmese Amber. T.D.A.Cockerell . . . . . . . 40 Distributional Notes on New England Odonata. R. Heber Howe. . . 45 Cycloleppteron Theobald (Diptera: Culicide). C.S. Ludlow . . . . 53 Notes on New England Tachinidx, with the Description of one New Genus and two New Species: Ho: Smith —- os. =. 2 . 54 The Specific Differences Between A pantesis nais Drury, A. vittata Fabr. and A. phalerata Harris. Werner Marchand. . . . . . . . 59 Exchange Column . CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. OFFICERS FOR 1917. President SR Sey pis ones eB Cre aA ENO CETAIN Vice-pVest@ent Win.) 4a Son alee eam S. W. DENTON. Secretary Rita hune at mae: 12), a)! H. M. PARsHLEY. TT ROSURET Cooks CSO ime eT H. A. PRESTON. Executive Committee A. F. Burcsss, F. W. Dopaz, R. W. GuasEr. EDITORIAL BOARD OF PSYCHE. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. C. T. Bruges, Harvard University®* ASSISTANT EDITOR. W. M. Mann, Harvard University. ASSOCIATE EDITORS. 1 C. W. JOHNSON, 5 V. L. KELLoae, Boston Society of Natural History. Stanford University. A. L. MELANDER, A. P. Morss, Washington State College. Wellesley College. J. H. Emerton, J. G. NEEDHAM, Boston, Mass. Cornell University. W. M. WHEELER, Harvard University. Psycue is published bi-monthly, the issues appearing in February, April, June, August, October and December. Subscription price, per year, payable in advance: $1.50 to subscribers in the United States, Canada or Mexico; foreign postage 15 cents extra. Single copies, 35 cents. Cheques and remittances should be addressed to H. A. Preston, 17 East Highland Ave., Melrose Highlands, Mass. 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REPRINTS OF ARTICLES CAN BE SUPPLIED AT THE FOLLOWING RATES: Number _50 copies 100 copies 50 copies | 100 copies of pages without covers without covers with covers with covers 1-4 $1.50 $2.50 $3.50 $4.50 5-8 3.50 5.80 5.50 7.80 9-12 4,25 7.05 6.25 9.05 13-16 4.75 790 6.75 9.90 No reduction can be made for less than 50 copies. MAY 5= 1917 ond @lale VOL. XXIV APRIL, 1917 No. 2 Ss ery fp SONIAN Dt aw DESCRIPTIONS OF A FEW NEW DIAPHORUS FROM THE WESTERN STATES (DIPTERA). By M. C. Van DUZEr, Buffalo, New York. The seven species here described came into my hands soon after my revision of this genus was published in the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Vol. xi, No. 2, 1915. I found the genus Diaphorus much better represented in Cali- fornia than was Chrysotus both as to species and individuals dur- ing my stay there from February to June, 1915. In the eastern states the Chrysotus are by far the more numerous. One of the species included here is from Virginia; it came to hand after the others were described. Diaphorus californicus sp. nov. -Male: Length, 3-4 mm. Front narrow, about as wide at the narrowest part as the width of the ocellar tubercle, wider below; face about as wide as long; face and front thickly covered with white pollen; antenne black, third joint small, rather flattened in outline at tip with the arista inserted at the upper corner; palpi and proboscis black. Thorax and abdomen green, dulled with rather thick gray pollen; venter black; hairs of the abdomen black; hypopygium concolorous with the abdomen, its appendages are rather large brown lamellie the outer part of which are nearly oval with a short slender stem and are fringed with long black hairs. Coxe and legs black with the trochanters, knees and base of fore tibie yellowish brown (in the Alpine specimen almost wholly black); fore coxze with black hairs and a row of black bristles the whole length of the front surface; the black hairs on the under side of the femora long, those on the hind pair rapidly increasing in length towards the apex, those at its base very short; 34 Psyche [April pulvilli of fore tarsi as long as the fifth tarsal joint, those of middle and hind tarsi about equal in size but not nearly as large as those of fore tarsi. Tegule and halteres pale yellow, the cilia of the former black. Wings tinged with gray, slightly brownish at extreme base; veins black; first vein reaching nearly half the distance to the tip of the second vein. Described from three males from California. Two taken at Los Cerritos, Los Angeles Co., March 21, and April 3, and one taken at Alpine, San Diego Co., April 10. This closely resembles D. lamellatus Loew but differs in the shape of the lamellze of the hypopygium and in having longer hair on the under side of the hind femora on their apical half. The lamellee of lamellatus are gradually narrowed towards their base while this species has them narrowed abruptly into a slender stem. Diaphorus nudus sp. nov. Male: Length, 2.5 mm. Face about as broad as long, covered with gray pollen; palpi black, eyes contiguous; antennz small, black, third joint rounded at tip about as long as broad; arista subapical; orbital cilia blackish. Thorax dark brown with brown- ish gray pollen and with a very slight greenish reflection poste- riorly. Abdomen black; shining on the dorsum, in well preserved specimens with light gray pollen on the sides which contrasts strongly with the center of the dorsum; hairs of the abdomen black; hypopygium small with its appendages scarcely visible, the bristles at its tip of moderate size. Coxee and femora black; extreme tips of fore femora, tibize and first two tarsal joints of all feet yellow, extreme tips of hind tibize and tips of first two tarsal joints of all feet black; tarsi blackened from the third joint; fore femora nearly bare below; fore tarsi about one and one-half times as long as their tibize; fore pulvilli enlarged; fore tibize without bristles; middle tibize with one minute bristle before basal third, a little shorter than their tarsi; hind tibiz with three or four small hair-like bristles above, slightly longer than their tarsi. Tegulee brown with brown cilia; knob of halteres pale yellow, stem dark brown. Wings grayish hyaline; veins brown; first vein reaching half way to the tip of the second vein; fourth vein ending a little back of the tip of the wing; last section of fifth vein about twice as 1917] Van Duzee—New Diaphorus from the Western States 35 long as the cross-vein; costa somewhat enlarged from the tip of the first vein to beyond the tip of second vein; anal angle prominent. Female: Front as wide as the face, covered with gray pollen, and with a black spot in the center which is quite conspicuous when viewed from in front; tarsi a little shorter than in the male, infus- cated from the tip of the first jomt. Abdomen and wings as in the male. Described from two males and one female taken at Wallops Is- land, Va., May 25 and June 1, by W. L. McAtee. This differs from D. opacus Loew in having the knobs of the hal- teres pale yellow, and having the first vein of the wing longer; from D. adustus V. D. it differs in having the tibiz, base of tarsi and knob of halteres yellow and the first vein longer. From D. contiquus Ald. to which it seems to be more closely related in having the tegule brown and the femora nearly bare below. Diaphorus junctus sp. nov. , Male: Length, 3-3.5 mm. Face blackish green, as wide as long; eyes contiguous on the front; antennz small, black, third joint somewhat rounded at tip but slightly indented where the arista is inserted which is to one side of the center; orbital cilia black. Thorax and abdomen dark green, quite shining but dulled with grayish pollen which often leaves three shining vittze on the thorax and a dark central line on the abdomen; incisures of the abdomen black; in some specimens there are coppery reflections on the thorax and in others the whole body is more steel-blue; pleurze more black than the dorsum; hypopygium small, the bris- tles at its tip strong but somewhat variable as to length, its ap- pendages usually invisible but in some specimens quite prominent, depending on the position of the hypopygium; they seem to consist of a claw-like hook directed toward the base of the abdomen and a pair of blunt appendages just back of this hook, a short central filament still further in, and outside of the hook a small rounded elevation fringed with hairs (this elevation can be seen in most species of the genus). Coxe, feet, tegule, their cilia and the halteres black. Fore femora with a row of black hairs along the lower posterior edge which are as long as the thickness of the femora; hind femora with only three or four below near the tip. Wings tinged with brown; veins black; first vein reaching half 36 Psyche [April the distance from the root of the wing to the tip of the second vein. Female: Differs from the male in having the knob of the halteres yellow; the front as wide as the face and covered with yellowish white pollen; face as wide as long, divided near the center of its length by a sinuated suture, pollen of the face white. Described from nineteen males and eight females taken in Los Angeles Co., Calif., April 3-29. D. junctus is very much like D. gibbosus V. D. but has grayish pollen on the thorax, while that on the thorax of gibbosus is dis- tinctly brown. The appendages of the hypopygium seem more complex than in gibbosus but these cannot always be seen and I have not seen the hypopygium of gibbosus stretched out to any extent. The pulvilli of the middle and hind feet seem a little more developed, it seems less variable than gibbosus which measures from 2-3 mm. and in which the tibie vary in color from quite yellow to wholly black, while I have not seen any specimens of this species in which the tibize were not black. I think there is no doubt that this is a distinct species from han found in the east, the color of the pollen of the thorax seems to separate it and in life its brighter metallic color give it a very different appearance from our eastern species. I found it abund- ant in Los Angeles along the river on foliage, also took it at Los Cerritos by the Los Angeles river on foliage and on the wet sand. Diaphorus snowii sp. nov. Male: Length, 4 mm. Eyes contiguous on the center of the front, or nearly so; face a little longer than wide, almost black and with dark gray pollen; palpi and proboscis black; antenne black, third joint slightly wider than long, flattened at tip in outline and with a slight notch for the insertion of the arista; inferior orbital cilia delicate but rather long and of a sordid whitish color. Thorax green with thin gray pollen, sometimes with longitudinal coppery stripes; pleurse more blackish. Abdomen dark green, moderately shining; hypopygium conspicuous, concolorous with the abdomen, its appendages very small brownish lamelle with black hairs, bristles at tip rather large; venter black with brownish hairs. Coxe and feet altogether black, except knees and fore trochanters which are more or less yellowish; all the pulvillii much enlarged; 1917] Van Duzee—New Diaphorus from the Western States 37 fore tibize without bristles; bristle near the base of the middle tibize small; bristles of hind tibiz short but stout; fore and middle femora with a row of stout, bristle-lke hairs below their entire length; hind femora with long brown hairs; all tarsi with a few longer hairs at tip of fifth jomt, those of fore tarsi as long as that joint. Halteres yellow; tegule yellowish with more or less of a black border and black cilia. Wings tinged with brown, especially in front, sometimes yellow at the root; costa a little stouter beyond the tip of the first vein; first vein reaching about two fifths of the distance to the tip of the second vein; fourth vein ending in the apex of the wing. Described from two males; one taken in Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz. (6000 ft.), by F. H. Snow, to whom the species is dedicated. Type in the Kansas University Collection. Since returning this specimen I have received a specimen taken at Grant, Colo. (Alt. 10,000 ft.), by L. O. Jackson, which I have used in completing the above description; this paratype was received from the U. 5. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D. C., and has been returned to them. Diaphorus sparsus sp. nov. Male: Length, 4mm. Eyes contiguous on the front; third an- tennal joint small, scarcely as long as wide, rather flattened in outline at base and tip; arista apical. Thorax and abdomen dark metallic green; base of abdominal segments and three indistinct and rather broken lines on the thorax coppery; pollen of thorax gray; bristles at tip of abdomen rather large. Coxze, femora and hind tibize and tarsi black; fore and middle tibize and their metatarsi yellow; middle tibiz in type specimen without bristles; pulvilli of all feet enlarged. Tegule and their cilia blackish; knobs of halteres pale yellow, their stems brownish. Wings tinged with brownish; veins dark brown. Described from one male from Virginia, labeled Glencarlyn to mouth 4-in Run, June 11, 1916 (W. L. McAtee). This species is very much like D. spectabilis Loew, but has the hind tibiz and tarsi deep, shining black; the pollen of the thorax is also gray, in spectabilis the pollen of the thorax is yellowish brown and all tibie are light yellow, at most brownish yellow. The name refers to the broken coppery lines on the thorax but 38 Psyche [April these may prove to be wanting in some specimens when the species is better known. Diaphorus inornatus sp. nov. Male: Length, 2.5-3 mm. Face a little longer than wide, sil- very; front green with the pollen of the face extending onto the _ lower portion a little; palpi yellowish white, blackish at base, rather large; lateral and lower orbital cilia white, abundant; an- tenn black, third joint small with a short point near the center of the tip; arista apical. Thorax green, slightly dulled with gray pollen; pleurze more blackish. Abdomen green with gray pollen along the sides; hypopygium small, its appendages concealed, the bristles at tip small but distinct in some specimens, in others scarcely noticeable. Coxe black; femora dark green; tips of femora, fore trochanters, tibiz and base of fore and middle tarsi yellow; tips of hind tibie, hind tarsi and fore and middle tarsi from the tip of the first joint infuscated; pulvilli of fore tarsi scarcely enlarged. Tegule, their cilia and the halteres whitish. Wings nearly hyaline; veins black; yellow at the extreme root of the wings; first vein reaching about one half the distance to the tip of the second. Described from three males from California. Two were taken at Alpine, San Diego Co., April 10, and one taken at Fresno, May 6. Diaphorus vulsus sp. nov. Male: Length, 3 mm. Face a little narrower than the front, slightly wider below, covered with silvery white pollen; palpi white; front green with considerable white pollen; antenne black, third joint somewhat triangular, pointed, scarcely as long as the width of the base; arista apical; lateral and inferior orbital cilia white, those above the eyes black. Thorax and abdomen metallic green with grayish white pollen, which is thickest on the pleure, metanotum and sides of thorax and abdomen; incisures of the abdo- men very narrowly yellowish; venter yellowish brown at base; hypopygium concealed, its appendages very small, bristles at tip small. Fore cox and all the legs yellow; hind femora very slightly brownish above at tip; tarsi brownish almost from their base, black at tip; pulvilli of fore tarsi large white, those of middle and hind tarsi small; fore tarsi with minute pale hairs and black bristles ; 1917] Van Duzee—New Diaphorus from the Western States 39 each femora with a few small bristle-like hairs at tip on the lower posterior edge; middle tibiz with only one bristle which is large, stout, black and inserted on the anterior side near the base; hind tibize with several bristles above, three or four of which are larger than the rest, the one near the base is the largest; feet slender, the fore tarsi longer than their tibiz, middle tarsi about equal to their tibize in length, and hind tarsi shorter than their tibize. Tegulee and knob of halteres pale yellow, stem of halteres brownish; cilia of the tegulze yellow, yet appearing nearly black in certain lights. Wings grayish hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown in front of the third vein; first vein reaching about half the way to the tip of sec- ond vein; fourth vein ending in the apex of the wing; costa rather stout, black; veins brownish, yellow at the root of the wings. Female: Agrees with the male except in sexual characters and that the face is wider and not silvery but rather thickly covered with white pollen and the third antennal joint is smaller. Described from one male and two females taken at Bill William’s Fork, Ariz., Aug. and Sept., by F. H. Snow. Type in the Kansas University collection. This species agrees with D. variabilis V. D. in most characters but differs in having no small bristle on the top of the middle tibize, there being no bristles on them except the large one near the base in front, in variabilis this small bristle is distinct as well as the preapical one on the outer side of the hind femora which is also lacking in this species; the body and legs are more slender and the wings and wing-veins more yellowish than in variabilis. Al- though these two species resemble each other so much yet I feel sure they are distinct. 40 Psyche [April ARTHROPODS IN BURMESE AMBER. By 1: D. A. CockEREnL,; University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. A study of a considerable quantity of Burmese amber, additional to that previously reported on, reveals a remarkably interesting fauna. Hymenoptera are represented by Bethylidze, which are abundant, though often fragmentary; Evantide of several genera, and a Trigonalys. A very thorough examination fails to reveal a single ant. Hemiptera (Heteroptera) are represented by two genera and four species of Enicocephalide. There are some Homoptera, not yet closely examined. The Diptera include Empidide, Sciara, Psychodide (Trichomyia), and a Cecidomyiid. The Coleoptera include Elateridze, Dermestide, Rhipiphoride, Ipidee, and others not yet studied; but no Carabide or Pausside. There are many Blattids, young or fragmentary in every case; Termites are also frequent, but probably of few species. The mites are numerous and varied, but usually in poor condition for description; no spiders have yet been found. The Diplopods are represented by Polyxenus, and there is a good Pseudoscorpion, representing an apparently extinct genus. There is a very good Lepismatid, referred rather doubtfully to Lampropholis. The pres- ent paper puts on record a number of these discoveries. ‘The amber (Burmite) was found in clay of Miocene age, but was derived from elsewhere, and may be much older. ‘The specimens have been presented by Mr. R. C. J. Swinhoe of Mandalay to the British Museum. All the species described below were in a single large lump of amber, and therefore lived at the same time and place. PSELAPHOGNATHA. Polyxenus burmiticus sp. nov. (Polyxenide). Length about 2400 microns; antennze about 320; width of head about 560; longest lateral bristles about 560 microns long, longest caudal bristles about 720. Apparently sixteen pairs of legs. An- tenn apparently 7-jointed, counting a very minute and rather doubtful apical joint; fifth joint longest; first, second, fourth and 1917] Cockerell—Arthropods in Burmese Amber Al sixth subequal; third shorter. Bristles exceedingly abundant and long, dark fuscous. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swin- hoe; in the same piece as Electrofanus gracilipes, about 30 mm. from it. This appears to be a true Polyxenus, but it is remarkable for the very long and copious bristles. The species described by Koch and Berendt from Baltic amber have short bristles, and are entirely different. Our animal is curiously like an Anthre- nid larva, and on account of its long bristles resembles the much more an- cient Paleocampa from the Pennsylva- nian of Illinois. The structure figured at A, which I at first took for a pair of caudal appendages, is evidently the end Pane: 1. Polyxenus burmi- of a piece of vegetable débris which ap- pears on the other side. ACARINA. Cheyletus burmiticus sp. nov. (Cheyletidze). Length about 736 microns; shining reddish-brown, with very httle hair; mandibles ordinary; palpi extremely stout, strongly elbowed at base; claw well-formed, curved, on left palpus, but the right one appears minutely bidentate at end; thumb-papill lengthened, long and slender, ribbon-like, but not pectinate; legs as usual in the genus, so far as can be seen; abdomen broadly rounded poste- riorly. The following measurements are in microns: length of palpus about 208; second joint of anterior leg about 160, the third about 120; last joint of second leg about 160. . Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In the same slab as the type of Winnert- _, Fig. 2. Cheyletus burmi- , te : ticus. A, palpi; B, base of ziola burmitica, and 3 mm. from it; also 6 first leg. 42 Psyche [April mm. from the type of Scleroderma quadridentatum. Although I cannot make out any palpal combs, the animal is evidently not a Cheyletiella. DipTERA. Winnertziola burmitica sp. nov. (Cecidomyiide). Q. Piceous, including legs and antennze; wings clear, nervures — ferruginous; surface of wings not conspicuously hairy, margin with long hairs; thorax narrow; abdomen long and narrow, the caudal appendages long and slender; venation as usual in the genus, the cross-vein not very oblique; antennz apparently 11-jointed, but there is doubtless a second basal joint not seen, making 12 in all; antennal joints with long hairs, but no circumfili, whether with sur- face markings cannot be determined; the three joints before the last broader basally than apically; palpi large, apparently 3- jointed, but there is probably a small basal Fig. 3. Winnertziola burmitica. A, wing; B, joint not seen, joint halter; C, claws; D, palpus; E, basal part of an- tenna; F, end of antenna; G, caudal appendages. before the last not ap- preciably shorter than the last; tarsi with 5 joints, basal joint very short, second long; claws small, apparently simple, emporium so small that it cannot be clearly made out; halteres very large, the large club dark brown. The following measurements are in microns: total length about 1760; length of wing about 1120; length of antennz apparently about 400, but they are seen obliquely, and are probably about 480; last joint of palpus 57; width of club of halter 64; length of hind femur 400; hind tarsal joints (1) 64, (2) 240, (3) 112, (4) 80, (5) 64. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe; in the same slab as the type of Enicocephalus swinhoei, and 10 mm. from it. This may pos- sibly be separable from Winnertziola on account of the long caudal appendages, the form of the palpi, the probably simple claws, etc., but some of these differences are doubtful, and the others are slight, so a separate genus hardly seems to be required. The allied genus Winnertzia is known from Baltic amber. 1917] Cockerell—Arthropods in Burmese Amber 43 COLEOPTERA. Dermestes larvalis sp. nov. (Dermestidz). A minute larva, about 750 microns long (not counting hairs); head, legs and hairs ferruginous; apical half of mandibles piceous, exactly as in modern Anthrenus larvee; body covered with spinulose hairs, the dorsal ones very long and abun- dant, not tufted; longest hair from vi- : cinity of head about Fig. 4. Dermestes larvalis n. sp. A, hind leg; B, 960 microns; caudal end of front leg; C, mandible; D, hair. end mithitestraordie narily long hairs, the longest 3200 microns, not forming a distinct tuft; legs as in modern Anthrenus larvee, with single sharp claw; femora with short hairs, tibize with bristles, hind tibize with small spines. The hind legs are about 320 microns long. The body is without corneous plates. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In same slab as type of Cryphalites rugosissmus, and 33.5 mm. from it. The characters are exactly those of modern Dermestid larvee, but the generic ref- erence is of course not precise. The long hairs suggest Dermestes rather than some of the other common genera. Evidently the museum curator and entomologist, had they existed in Tertiary times, would have been troubled by Dermestids as they are today. HYMENOPTERA. Scleroderma (?) quadridentatum sp. nov. (Bethylide). Q. Apterous. Head and thorax 1.7 mm. long; abdomen be- yond first segment missing, but total length was probably about 3.5 mm.; head and thorax black, legs and abdomen ferruginous; antennze pale ferruginous at base, the flagellum darker; mandibles ferruginous, at least 3-dentate, the outer margin strongly and evenly curved; antenne 10- jointed, the scape extremely large and thick, fully twice as wide at apex as Fig. 5. Scleroderma quadri- aks dentatum. A, prothorax; B, base the next jomt; head subquadrate, of antenna: C, hind femur. 44 Psyche [April narrowed and truncate posteriorly; eyes large and prominent; prothorax long, narrowly conical in outline, but the sides bulging, -the whole thorax very long and narrow; metathorax posteriorly at sides with short but distinct teeth, four in all; anterior femora with upper margin concave, lower convex; hind femora very broad, cunei- form, the large end basad, the basal upper corner very prominent, obtusely rectangular; abdomen with a slender petiole, but rapidly widening, as in living forms. Hind tibiz with a single long spur. The following measurements are in microns: greatest width of head 440; length of eyes 224; width of thorax in middle 368; width first abdominal segment 592. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In the same slab as the type of Winnertziola burmitica, and 7.5 mm. from it. The speci- men shows the ventral view, and the palpi are not visible, so the generic reference may be somewhat doubtful. The insert is, however, of this immediate alliance, and the relatively large laterally placed eyes indicate a more primitive type than typical living Scleroderma. Species of this genus (S. tuberculata Magr. and S. luteicolle Kieff.) are known in the existing fauna of Burma. The great antiquity of the genus is indicated by the fact that although the females are wingless, species occur on the most remote islands; the Hawaiian Is. (many species), Guam, the Seychelles and St. Helena. Apenesia electriphila sp. nov. (Bethylide). o. Length about 2.5 mm.; black or piceous; wings clear, with light ferruginous stigma and nervures, venation typical for genus, stigma large, marginal cell open at end. Mandibles bidentate, the teeth stout; labial palpi 3-jointed; an- tennz apparently 12-jointed, but turned down at ends, and possibly Fig. 6. Apenesia electriphila. A, stigma and adja- OMly 11-jointed; cent parts; B, base of antenna; C, labial palpus; D, scape broad and anterior basitarsus; E, posterior femur. flattened, curved; flagellar joints short and broad, antennal joints 2-7 longer than broad, 8-10 as broad as long; head broad, occipital margin sharp; eyes rather large, prominent, about 144 microns long; width of head 1917] Howe—Notes on New England Odonata 45 about 528 microns. Thorax long and narrow, about 480 microns wide in middle; anterior legs about 704 microns behind head; an- terior femora curved, convex above, concave below; their tibize rather short (about 288 microns), with a single long spur; their tarsi long, the first joint longer than next three together, and strongly curved; hind femora extremely broad and flattened, the summit of the curve about half-way between base and middle; abdomen with a rather long petiole. Burmese amber, from R. C. J. Swinhoe. In the same slab as the type of Cryphalites rugosissimus, and 24.5 mm. from it. Related to Scleroderma (?) quadridentatum, which may possibly belong to Apenesia, but on account of the black abdomen and various struc- tural characters surely not its male. DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON NEW ENGLAND ODONATA. Parr I. By R. Heser Howe, Jr., Thoreau Museum, Concord, Massachusetts. Since Dr. P. P. Calvert’s List was published in October, 1905, the following published corrections and additions have been made: Argia apicalis (Say) Selys. recorded from Maine by Dr. Calvert on the authority of Prof. Harvey was expunged by Dr. Calvert following an examination of the Harvey specimens by Mr. Williamson (Ent. News 17: 31. 1906). Argia mesta putrida (Hagen) was shown by Mr. E. B. Wil- liamson to be synonymous with Argia mesta Hagen (Ent. News 23: 200. 1912.) In Dr. E. M. Walker’s “The North American Dragon-flies of the Genus A’shna (Univ. Toronto Studies, Biol. Series, 1912) the following New England records for the genus were made: Aishna cerulea septentrionalis Burm. N.H. White Mts. (Scudder) Aishna juncea Linn. N. H. White Mts. (Scudder) 46 . Psyche [April 140. Ashna interrupta Walker. New species for New England Me. Portland (Jones) Vit: (Frost) Mass. (Uhler) 141. Aishna eremita Scudd. New species for New England Me. Six Ponds, Piscataquis Co. (Harvey) N.H. Franconia (Slosson) Hermit Lake, Mt. Washington (Scudder) Aishna clepsydra Say Me. Manchester (Wadsworth) Mass. Brookline (Shurtleff) Provincetown (Benedict) Wilbrahim (Hagen) Boston (Uhler) Salem (True) Natick (Sanborn) 142. Ashna canadensis Walker. New species for New England Me. Bradley (Harvey) Manchester (Wadsworth) Norway (Smith) Orono (Harvey) N. H. White Mts. (Shurtleff) White Mts. House (Calvert) Franconia (Calvert) Fabyans Vt. Newport (Slosson) Mass. (Needham) Aishna verticalis Hagan=A. juncea verticalis (Hagen) of Dr. Calvert’s List Me. Manchester (Wadsworth) West Beach (Hagen) Mass. Beverly Cambridge Nahant (Moring) Salem (Lane) Saugus Sherbourne Walpole (Sprague) Westborn (Needham) Wollaston (Sprague) 1917] Howe—Notes on New England Odonata 47 143. Ashna tuberculifera Walker Me. Islesboro (Dixon) Manchester (Wadsworth) Mass. Walpole (Sprague) Essex Co., (Hagen) Provincetown (Benedict) Hampden (Needham) Westborn (Needham) 144. Ashna wmbrosa Walker Me. Manchester (Wadsworth) Augusta (Wadsworth) Norway (Smith) Gorham Millinocket (Harvey) Russell Stream (Corry) Bradley (Harvey) Greenfield (Harvey) Six Ponds (Harvey) N.H. Franconia (Slosson) White Mts. (Sprague) Hermit Lake (Scudder) Centre Harbor Mass. Boston Cambridge Amherst (Needham) Wilbrahim (Martin) Auburndale Gor Head = Gay Head Aishna constricta Say Me. Manchester (Wadsworth) Mass. Hampden (Needham) 145. “shna mutata Hagen Mass. Wilbrahim (Needham) In the Proceedings of the Thoreau Museum of Natural History, I: 41, 1915, Mr. E. L. Peirson recorded the capture of the follow- ing species in Concord, Mass., and Dr. Calvert in the Ent. News, 26: 238-239, 1915 again noted Mr. Peirson’s capture and added a record of a female taken by Mr. C. W. Johnson at Dedham, Mass. 48 Psyche [April Mr. E. J. Smith of Sherborn, Mass., kindly permits me to here record the capture of a male, on April 30, 1913, at Sherborn. 146. Williamsonia lintnert (Hagen) Davis Mass. Concord (Petrson) Dedham (Calvert) In Psycue, 23: 12-15, 1916, the author recorded Heshna um- brosa and A’shna canadensis as new to New England having over- looked Dr. Walker’s records. Libellula luctuosa Burm., though not uncommon, was added to Dr. Calvert's List. 147. Libellula luctuosa Burm. Mass. Concord (Howe) I now wish to record records of a few species sent me from Bran- don, Vt., by Mr. D. Lewis Dutton; a small lot from North Guilford, Conn., sent by Mr. Geo. L. Howe; two species from Cataumet, Mass., sent by Miss Theresa Winsor; a summer’s catch in New Hampshire made with the continual aid and co-operation of Mr. David M. Little, and a spring and autumn catch at Concord, Mass., made with the help of my daughter, Miss Susan A. Howe, and the Misses Shaw. Anax junius (Drury) Selys. May 27, 1912. New to Vermont Aeshna eremita Scudd. Aug. 31, 1915. New to Vermont Aishna umbrosa Walker. May 6, 1915. New to Vermont Basieshna janata (Say) Selys. May 22, 1912. New to Vermont Plathemis lydia (Drury) Hagen. July, 1912. New to Vermont Sympetrum rubicundulum (or var. obtrusum), teneral female. July, 1912, in either case new to Vermont On September 18, 1915, I collected at Bristol and Middletown, R. I., and again at Middletown on June 3, 1916, and at Bristol on October 2, 1916. The following species were taken: Lestes rectangularis Say. Bristol, Sept. Enallagma civile (Hagen) Selys. Both stations, Sept. Ischnura ramburvi Selys. Both stations, Sept., Oct. 2 Anax junius (Drury) Selys. Middletown, Sept. 1917] Howe—Notes on New England Odonata 49 ANshna_ tuberculifera Walker. Bristol, Sept. New to Rhode Island Libellula pulchella Drury, Middletown, Sept. Plathemis lydia (Drury) Hagen. Bristol, Sept. Pantala flavescens (Fab.) Hagen, teneral. Bristol, Sept. New to Rhode Island Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say) Kirby. Both stations, Sept. Ischnura posita (Hagen) Needham. Middletown, Sept. and June The collection from North Guilford, Conn., contained the fol- lowing: 148. Celithemis monomelena Will. July, 1916. New to New England : Plathemis lydia (Drury) Hagen. July, 1916 The two species from Cataumet, Mass., were: Erythrodiplax berenice (Drury) Ris. July, 1916 Epicordulia princeps (Hagen) Selys. July, 1916 I began collecting on Meredith Neck, N. H., on June 29 and visi ited various collecting grounds on the shores of Lake Winnepe- saukee until August 23. These included Centre Harbor, Meredith, Moultonboro (Sanborn’s Meadows), and made two trips to Lake Asquam, with one excursion to Newfound and one to Profile Lake. The list of species follows: Agrion maculata Beauv. Meredith Neck, July 27. New to New Hampshire Lestes disjunctus Selys. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, Aug. 1-22 Lestes rectangularis Say. Meredith Neck, July 18—Aug. 15 Lestes vigilax Hagen. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 6-Aug. 15. New to New Hampshire Lestes inequalis Walsh. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 6—-Aug. 15 Argia mesta Hagen. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 7-Aug. 23. New to New Hampshire Argia violacea (Hagen) Selys. Meredith Neck, July 17- Aug. 23. New to New Hampshire 50 Psyche [April Nehalennia irene (Hagen) Selys. Meredith, July 5-24 and Moultonboro Enallagma calverti Morse. Profile Lake, Aug. 12. New to New Hampshire Enallagma hageni (Walsh) Selys. Meredith and Moulton- boro, July 2-11. New to New Hampshire Enallagma ebrium (Hagen) Selys. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 5-18 Enatlagma civile (Hagen) Selys. Lake Asquam, Moulton- boro and Meredith Neck, July 23 to Aug. 14. New to New Hampshire Enallagma minusculum Morse. Meredith Neck, Aug. 6-23. New to New Hampshire Enallagma traviatum Selys. Moultonboro, July 18. One female. New‘to New Hampshire Enallagma exsulans (Hagen) Selys. Meredith Neck, July 17-Aug. 7. New to New Hampshire Enallagma signatum (Hagen) Selys. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 2-Aug. 22. New to New Hamp- shire Enallagma pollutum (Hagen) Selys. Moultonboro, July 2. New to New Hampshire Ischnura verticalis (Say) Selys. Meredith Neck, Centre Harbor, Moultonboro, July 5-Aug. 22 Hagenius brevistylus Selys. Meredith Neck and Moulton- boro, July 12—Aug. 22 Gomphus exilis Selys. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, June 30—Aug. 2 Dromogomphus spinosus Selys. Meredith Neck, Newfound Lake, Moultonboro, July 20-Aug. 14 Anax junius (Drury) Selys. Meredith, July 5-27 Aishna verticalis (Hagen). Meredith Neck, Aug. 7-18 Aishna clepsydra Say. Moultonboro, Aug. 14-27 ishna canadensis Walker. Moultonboro, Meredith Neck, Jackson, Aug. 2-22 “Eshna eremita Seudd. Profile Lake and Moultonboro, Aug. 12-14 Aishna umbrosa Walker. Meredith Neck, Aug. 7-18 1917] 149. 150. Howe—Notes on New England Odonata 51 Nasieshna pentacantha Ramb. Moultonboro, July 9. New to New England Basieshna janata (Say) Selys. Meredith Neck, July 5-7 Boyerta vinosa (Say) McLachlan. Meredith Neck, July 25-Aug. 18. New to New Hampshire Didymops transversa (Say) Hagen. Meredith Neck, July 11 Macromia illionoiensis Walsh. Meredith Neck and Moul- tonboro, Aug. 2-7 Neurocordulia obsoleta (Say) Selys. Meredith Neck, July 27-29. Crepuscular in habit Epicordulia princeps (Hagen) Selys. Concord and Mere- dith Neck, June 29—Aug. 2. New to New Hampshire Tetragoneuria cynosura simulans Mutt.=T. c. semiaquea (Burm) of Dr. Calvert’s List. Meredith Neck and Moultonboro, July 2-20 Tetragoneuria spinigera (Selys) Selys. Meredith Neck, June 29-July 11 Tetragoneuria morio Mutt. Meredith Neck, June 29. New ’ to New England Somatochlora elongata (Scudd.) Selys. Centre Harbor and Jackson, July 14-Aug. 12 . Somatachlora williamsont Walker. Meredith Neck, July 17. New to New England Cordulia shurtleffi Seudd. Moultonboro, July 8-18 Dorocordulia libera (Selys) Need. Moultonboro, July 8 Tibellula exusta Say. Moultonboro and Meredith Neck, July 6-25 Libellula pulchella Drury. Centre Harbor, Meredith Neck, Moultonboro, July 5—-Aug. 20 Tibellula quadrimaculata Linn. Meredith Neck, Moulton- boro, Centre Harbor, June 30—July 18 Plathemis lydia (Drury) Hagen. Centre Harbor, July 7 Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say) Kirby. Meredith Neck, Centre Harbor, Moultonboro, Profile Lake, July 11- Aug. 23 Sympetrum rubicundulum obtrusum (Hagen). Meredith Neck and Centre Harbor, July 5-7 Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen) Kirby. Meredith Neck and Jackson, Aug. 12-14 52 Psyche [April Leucorhinia frigida Hagen. Moultonboro, July 6-Aug. 14 Leucorhinia glacialis Hagen. Moultonboro, July 6-9 Leucorhinia intacta (Hagen) Hagen. Meredith Neck, and Moultonboro, Centre Harbor, June 30—July 27 Celithemis elisa (Hagen) Walsh. Moultonboro, July 18- Aug. 14. This species was also captured at Tyngs- boro, Mass., on June 29. I began collecting in Concord, Mass., with the first appearance of dragon-fly life and collected until June 28. On August 24 I re- turned from New Hampshire and collected until the end of the season. During these periods I added the following species to my Preliminary List published in Psycun (ibid.), bringing the number from 52 to 67. 152. Lestes uncatus Kirby. Common, June 27 (2?) Argia sedula Hagen. ‘Two specimens taken on June 2 were of doubtful determination by Mr. Williamson. The species would be new to New England. Ischnura posita (Hagen) Need. Male, Sept. 3 Cordulegaster diastalops Selys. One female, June 1 Cordulegaster maculatus Selys. One male, June 28 Eshna tuberculifera Walker. One male, Sept. 3-6 Aishna verticalis Hagen. Not uncommon, Aug. 15—Oct. 1 Epicordulia princeps (Hagen) Selys. Two males, June 23, July 28 Boyeria vinosa (Say) MacLachlan. One seen Sept. 13 Tetragoneuria cynosuravar. simulans Mutt. Several, June 23 Helocordulia uhleri (Selys) Need. One male, May 29 Cordulia shurtleffi Scudd. One female, June 27. New to Massachusetts Tibellula semifasciata Burm., teneral. June 23 Sympeirum rubicundulum var. obtrusum (Hagen). Male, Oct. 5 Leucorhinia intacta (Hagen) Hagen. Not uncommon, May 30—June 28 Through the kindness of Mr. C. W. Johnson, Curator, I have examined the collection of Odonata in the Boston Society of Natural History, and can add the following new records: 1917] Ludlow—Cycloleppteron Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) 53 Agrion maculata Beauv. New to Connecticut, Rowayton, and Rhode Island, Apponaug Lestes uncatus Kirby. New to Connecticut, Darien Lestes inequalis Walsh. New to Massachusetts, Cohasset, Blue Hills, No. Reading, Manomet Gomphus parvulus (Selys) Need. New to Massachusetts, No. Reading and East Walpole Cordulegaster maculatus Selys. New to Vermont, Ben- nington Libellula semifasciata Burm. New to Connecticut, Dar- ien Erythrodiplax berenice (Drury) Ris. New to Connecticut, Rowayton Tramea carolina (L.) Hagen. New to Connecticut, Darien 153. Tramea lacerata Hagen. New to New England, Chelsea, Mass., Sept. 6, 1868, female Pachydiplax longipennis (Burm.) Brauer. New to Connec- ticut, Darien All my determinations for the above species have been verified by either Messrs. Ed. B. Williamson, R. A. Muttkowski or E. M Walker, and to these gentlemen I extend my most hearty thanks. CYCLOLEPPTERON THEOBALD (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE). Some new, 7. e. hitherto unreported localities for the group of Anophelines which Mr. Theobald placed together under the genus Cycloleppteron are: San Juan, Jajuga, Carolina, and Coamo Springs, Porto Rico, from which places specimens were sent by Dr. B. H. Dutcher, Lieut.-Colonel, Medical Corps, U. 5. Army, during the period Sept. 11, 1914-July 15, 1915, since which time no collections from Porto Rico have been received. C. S. LupLow. Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C., January 30, 1917. 54 Psyche [April NOTES ON NEW ENGLAND TACHINIDA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF ONE NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES. By Harrison E. Smita, Entomological Assistant, Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations, United States Bureau of Entomology. Pseudotachinomyia gen. nov. Head wider than thorax, antenne inserted above the eye middle, as viewed from the side, the head projects in front of the eye, nearly one-half the horizontal diameter of the eye. Probosis robust, shorter than height of head, palpi large, vibrissze strong, cruciate, placed slightly above the front edge of the oral margin. Facial ridges bristly on at least the lower half, antennz nearly as long as face, frontal bristles descending below the base of the third antennal joint. Eyes bare (microscopically, sparsely hairy), sides of face on lower half bare, less than one-third as wide as the facial depression, ocellar bristles proclinate. Wings hyaline, the first longitudinal vein bare, apical cell open, ending well before the extreme wing tip, bend of fourth longitudinal vein without distinct stump or long wrinkle. Abdomen short conical, male hypopyg- ium projecting, female with wide, shining black pseudo-ovipositor. Type, the following species: Pseudotachinomyia webberi sp. nov. Black, gray pollinose species. Length, 6-10 mm. Front in male nearly as wide as, in female about one and one- third times as wide as either eye, frontal vitta opaque brownish black, wider than sides of front. Parafrontals yellowish gray pollinose, frontal bristles in a single row, outside of these numerous fine, long, bristly hairs. Antenne black, faintly tinged with rufous at base of third antennal joint, the third joint in male about five times as long as, in female from two and one-half to three times as long as, the second. Arista as long as the antennze, microscopic- ally sparsely pubescent, thickened on approximately the basal third, the penultimate joint two times as long as broad, cheeks at least one-fourth as wide as the eye height, palpi yellow. Thorax 1917] Smith—New England Tachinidae 55 grayish pollinose, as viewed from behind, marked with four wide black vittz. Three postsutural and three sternopleural macro- chet. Scutellum black or reddish yellow at apex, densely gray pollinose, bearing three pairs of long marginal and a shorter cruciate apical pair of macrochete. Scutellar disk clothed with many fine long erect hairs and a pair of discal macrochetie. Legs black, knees yellowish, front pulvilli in male about as long as, in female one-half as long as, the last tarsal joint. Middle tibiz on the outer front side each, bearing several long macrochete, the hind tibiz with a row of stout bristles of irregular length. Abdo- men yellowish gray pollinose, marked with several distinct shining black reflecting spots and a median black vitta. First segment bearing a median marginal pair of marcochetee, second segment a median discal and marginal pair, third segment a median discal pair and a marginal row, and the fourth segment a discal and mar- ginal row. Fine, long, bristly hairs of abdomen sub-erect. Male hypopygium projecting, the genitalia curving forward beneath the fourth! abdominal segment, the tip of the forceps resting in a sheath formed by a bisected flap-like projection on either side of the me- dian venter of the fourth segment. Ventral aspects of forceps at base somewhat narrow, gradually broadening to their greatest width, whence they taper to a point at the tip. Inner margin of forceps on basal half, and the outer margin bearing bristly black hairs, the remaining surface shining brownish black with a few scattered black hairs. In the female the sheath of the ovipositor is similar in form to sheath of forceps in the male, but is not bi- sected on its front surface. The female ovipositor is not distinctly visible, but what appears to be this organ is shining black in color, broad at base and sharply pointed at tip. Wings longer than abdo- men, small cross-vein far before tip of first longitudinal vein, third longitudinal vein bearing two to six bristles at its base, posterior end of hind cross-vein nearer to bend of the fourth longitudinal vein than to the small cross-vein. Calypteres milky white. Described from 4 males and 9 females. (Holotype, U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 20201) a male taken at Melrose Highlands, Mass., May 16, 15. (Allotype, U.S. N. M.) a female taken at Malden, Mass., May 15, °15. (Paratypes) 1 male, 4 females taken at Malden, Mass., May 28, °15; 2 males, 3 females taken at Melrose High- 1 Vestigial first abdominal segment not considered. 56 Psyche [April lands, Mass., June 15, ’14, and May 20 to June 2, 15, placed in collection of author and the Gypsy Moth Parasite Laboratory. (Paratype) one female taken at Amherst, Mass., by unknown student at Massachusetts Agricultural College, during May or June, 1914, placed in collection of that institution. With the exception of the Amherst specimen, the others were taken by Mr. R. T. Webber, after whom this fine species is named. Sciasma frontalis sp. nov. Shining bluish black, destitute of pollen. Length, 4 mm. Front one and one-third times as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending to middle of second antennal joint, outside of these an anterior pair of proclinate and a pair of reclinate bristles. Ocellar bristles very weak, directed divergingly forward, frontal vitta about four-fifths as wide as sides of front. Parafrontals to base of second antennal joint opaque black, parafacials fulfous, eyes bare. Sides of face on lower half bare, about two-fifths as wide as the frontal vitta, facial plate deeply concave, hardly one- half as wide at base of antenne as at the vibrisse. Antenne orange yellow, the second joint nearly as long as the third, arista black, thickened on the basal fourth to one-third, the penultimate joint broader than long. Vibrissz cruciate, placed on a level with the front edge of the oral margin, diameter of head at vibrissz about as long as at base of antennee, cheeks one-tenth as wide as the eye height. Thorax shining bluish black, not vittate, one postutural and two sternopleural macrochetze. Scutellum bearing a single pair of long marginal and a shorter apical pair of macrochete. Legs black, except the front coxee and femora which are yellowish, hind tibiz pectinate with two or three widely separated short bristles. Abdomen flattened, somewhat conical in shape, clothed with short appressed bristly hairs, several weak macrochzete on margin of the fourth segment, the genitalia large and bulbous, curving forward beneath the fourth segment. Wings to tip of the second longitudinal vein wholly smoky brown, the remainder hyaline, veins destitute of setule, apical cell closed, the apex of third longitudinal vein obsolete. Anterior pair of calypteres sub- hyaline, the posterior pair smoky brown. Described from a single female (Holotype) taken by the writer at West Springfield, Mass., August 13, 1915. Placed in the col- 1917] Smith—New England Tachinide One lection of the Boston Society of Natural History. There is no evidence of the palpi being present in the specimen, and as these do not appear to be hidden in the oral cavity, nor the specimen to have been injured at this point, it is not improbable that more material will prove this species generically distinct. Pelatachina pellucida Coq.! During May, 1912, the writer reared specimens of this species at the Gypsy Moth Parasite Laboratory. The tachinid maggots had emerged from the larve of Euvanessa antiopa Linn., during the month of August, 1911, hibernating in the puparia through the winter of 1911-12. From 344 of the lepidopterous larve taken in the Lynn Woods, Mass., 214 puparia of this tachinid were obtained. Superparasitism existed to a great extent in the host larvee, thus, the figures do not indicate the exact percentage of parasitism. The maggots live within the host, located in typical integumental funnels. The anal stigmata of the puparia are highly raised with the dorsal surface reticulated. A series of the reared specimens compared with the type of the species in the United States National Museum, appear identical with the specimen described by Coquil- lett. To my knowledge, this is the first record of this genus hav- ing been reared in North America although Brauer and Bergen- stamm? record the rearing of the genotype, Pelatachina tibialis Fall. from Vanessa urtice Linn. in Europe. Compsilura concinnata Meig. Since the introduction of this species from Europe and the establishing of it in the United States, by the United States Bureau of Entomology, as one of the foremost primary parasites of Por- thetria dispar Linn. and Euproctis chrysorrhea Linn., it is known to have been reared from more than twenty species of native North American Lepidoptera. In the study of reared Tachinide from various New England sources, it has been noted that this species is particularly prolific as a parasite of Euvanessa antiopa Linn. In certain instances of its parasitism upon this host in the New 1 Rev. N. Amer. Tach., p. 65. In the Proce. Biol. Soe. Wash., Vol. xxviii, pp. 19-24, Feb. 12, 1915. Townsend proposed the genus Eohyria for the reception of P. pellucida Coq., designat- ing it the genotype. 4 Die Zweifliigler des Kais. Mus. zu Wien., p. 558. 58 Psyche [April England States, the percentage of parasitism has been well over 50 per cent. At times, as many as five maggots have matured within an individual host. I have before me a single female of this species, reared from Callosamia promethia Drury, May 2, 1914, by Mr. William Reiff at Forest Hills, Mass. These data appear to establish the fact that Compsilura concinnata hibernates _ through the winter in New England in the pupa of this host. The writer has also reared a male and female of this species, from a pupa of Diacrisia virginica Fabr., taken as a larva late in the fall of 1915 at West Springfield, Mass., the adult Compsilura issuing May 12-15, 1916. The tachinid maggots apparently hibernate in the host pupa until just before they are ready to pupate, whence, they leave the host pupa, probably in early April, and pupate within the cocoon of their host. Exoristoides slossone Coq.! Three males of this species before me, taken at Bennington, Vt.’ June 18, 1915, by Mr. C. W. Johnson. One male with setule present upon the first longitudinal vein agrees in detail with Co- quillett’s description of slossonze. The remaining two specimens without the presence of setule upon the first longitudinal vein, agree with the description of Exorista spinipennis Coq.,” yet it is evident that all three specimens are conspecific. The character of setulze being present upon the first longitudinal vein, within the limits of E. slossona, is a variable one. With the exception of this character the descriptions of Exorista spinipennis and E. slossone are almost identical. I consider Exorista spinipennis Coq. a synonym of Exoristoides slossone Coq. 1 Rey. N. Amer. Tach., p. 90-91. 2Rev. N. Amer. Tach., p. 95. Or vo) 1917] Marchand—A pantesis nais, A. vittata and A. phalerata THE SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APANTESIS NAIS DRURY, A. VITTATA FABR. AND A. PHALERATA HARRIS. By WERNER MARCHAND, Princeton, New Jersey. W. J. Holland in the “Moth Book,” p. 132, expressed doubts whether the three forms, including A. vittata f. radians Walker, are really distinct. The latter view is held by J. B. Smith (Insects of New Jersey, p. 441) who says, speaking of these three species: “With good bred material at hand the differences are obvious.” Without being able to look up the literature on this subject at present, I wish to report on a few observations made which tend to show that at least two of these species are distinct. During my stay at the Bussey Institution in Forest Hills, Mass., during the summer of 1915, I was permitted, through the kindness of Prof. W. M. Wheeler, to obtain lepidopterous material from the moth- trap of the Institution. Eggs were obtained of A. nais and A. phalerata, that is of two species identical in appearance with speci- mens preserved under these names at the Boston Museum of Natural History. Of A. nais eight different broods were raised. All descendants gave typical nais: males and females with yellow hind wings (never red!), with black costal border of the fore wings, and in the males without any black spots on the white collar band, while of the females, about half the number had such spots present. Of A. phalerata one brood was raised. All the descendants were typical phalerata: males with pale, yellowish-pink hind wings, often less spotted as compared with A. nais; females with bright coral-red hind wings; both sexes with white costal border and with two black spots on the white collar band above the head; no yellow specimens. Numerous attempts were made to obtain hybrids of the two species but all in vain: the two species do not interbreed. No difficulty was encountered in obtaining offspring within the same species. A second generation was raised before fall of both A. nais and A. phalerata. No difference in the appearance of the second generation was seen as compared with the first generation. Hence I conclude that the two species are certainly distinct. Of Apantesis vittata only males were found, hence this species 60 Psyche [April could not be bred. The fact that none of the broods of nats and phalerata gave any specimens of the type of vittata, seems to show, that vittata represents a third, entirely distinct, species. In vittata both yellow and red specimens are found in both sexes. The black spots on the hind wings as well as on the fore wings tend to fuse together. Extremes of such forms seem to correspond with A. radians Walker. The costal border is always white which serves ~ to separate the yellow specimens from A. nais, and the white col- lar band is always without black spots which serves to separate the red specimens from A. phalerata. The size is slightly above that of A. nais, on the average. On the suggestion of Dr. Henry Skinner I compared the male genital claspers of several individuals of the three species spoken of. It was found that in fact A. nais and A. phalerata differ widely in the structure of these claspers, and it is not unlikely that copulation would be mechanically impossible. The genitalia of A. vittata are however very similar to those of A. nais, and it would be of interest to attempt hybridization of these two species. The fact that Holland’s abundant material came mostly from one and the same locality “one little ravine in western Pennsyl- vania,’ does certainly not imply that it was all of the same species. No less than eight different species of Apantesis, including the above spoken of, were found in the immediate neighborhood of the Bussey Institution, attracted to light, and fairly abundant. Most of these are certainly less variable than often supposed to be the case in this genus. 1917] Exchange Column 61 EXCHANGE COLUMN. Notices not to exceed four lines in length concerning exchanges desired of specimens or entomological literature will be inserted free for subscribers, to be run as long as may be deemed advisable by the editors. The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey—Harry B. Weiss, 272 Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J. Offered for cash, but exchange preferred. Fitch and early Illinois reports; Insect Life; Harris’s Insect; many others——J. FE. Hallinen, Cooperton, Okla. Histeride. North American Histeridx identified or unidentified, desired in exchange for beetles of other families. F. G. Carnochan, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Massachusetts. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. I desire specimens of this group from all regions, especially New England. I will give in exchange species of this and other orders (except Lepidoptera), and will identify New England material. Correspondence desired.—H. M. Parshley, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Mass. Wanted: Psyche, Vol. IX, No. 300 (April, 1901). Address, giving price, Libra- rian, Stanford University, Cal. Sarcophagide from all parts of the world bought or exchanged according to arrangement. North American material determined.—R. R. Parker, Entomolog- jcal Laboratory, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Wanted: Transactions American Entomological Soc., Vol. 4; Entomological News, Vol. 2, Nos. 6 and 10; Vol. 8, Nos. 1 and 6; Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2; Vol. 10, No. 10; Vol. 11, Nos. 1, 3 and 5. Will purchase at reasonable price—Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Wanted: Insects of any order from ant nests, with specimens of the host ants, from any part of the world; also Cremastochiline of the world. Will give cash or Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera from the United States—Wm. M. Mann, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Want to correspond with collectors of Noctindae in Northern Massachusetts. Subject to supply will pay any reasonable price for good specimens Catocola Sappho.—Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Wanted: Old Series Entom., Bul. 1, 2, 3, 33; Technical Series 4, 6, 7; Insect Life, vol. 4-6; Jour. Applied Microscopy I, N. Y. State Entom. Rep. 3, 4; Fitch Rep. 7, 8, 13.—Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. Would appreciate receiving date, stage and mode of hibernation of insects of all orders. J. P. Baumberger, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Wanted: Ill. Ent. Rpts. 2, 3, 5, 7. 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 19; Hensham’s List of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, 1895. For Exchange Bulletins and Circulars U. S. Bur. Ent.—J. S. Wade, Wellington, Kan. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Best equipped establishment in the United States for furnishing Entomo- logical Supplies and Specimens Special attention is called to our American Ent. Insect Pins. Hand made Schmitt and other Insect boxes. Cabinets and Exhibition Cases of the finest workmanship. Life Histories of Insects of Economie Importance, in Riker Mounts, Pasteboard and Wooden Exhibition Cases, and Preparations in Alcohol. Type, Mimicry and Protective coloration collections. Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Forest, and Shade tree pests. Fine specimens representing Sexual and Seasonal Dimorphism, and warning colors. Our stock of Exotic Insects is unsurpassed, shipments from our collectors abroad arriving nearly every week. The following lists are sent free on application: 116. Biological material for dissection. 125. Life histories of economic insects. 128. List of living pupae. 129. Exotic Lepidoptera. 130. North American Lepidoptera. 131. Exotic Coleoptera. 132. North American Coleoptera. 143. Type, Mimicry, ete., collections. 145. List of Pest collections. 147. List of Butterflies for trays and decorative work. C-30. Catalogue of Entomological supplies. Amer. Ent. Co. price list of Lepidoptera. 80 pages. Price 25c. Free to our customers. New illustrated catalogue of Insects in preparation. Will be ready for dis- tribution in about two months. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment , + o Pe CHE A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ESTABLISHED IN 1874 VOL. XXIV JUNE, 1917 NUMBER 3 Prodryas persephone Scudder. ‘ CONTENTS. The Habit of Leaf-Oviposition Among the Parasitic Hymenoptera. . S. Smith tec BI Key to the Species of Leptoglossus Guér. cy halts North of ee i Se Coreide). H.H.Gibson : ; : 69 The Life-History of Mesovelia Arieanti White. (El dey Hungayori SP cette) +o Sees a ee ENGHESKON NAD DOSAGE: NO SUI ‘oe Soyl ol Taw Rcatae? dh veh tine) esti Merk eg eo am 9 SH: An Interesting Manuscript. L.O. Howard. . 87 The North American Species of Pachyneuron with Three New Baeoine (Chaleid-Flies). AMA. Ginailte es ¢ ; 88 New Miscellaneous Chalcid-Flies fou North Arhertdns a: * Girault “Ate Soil A New Species of the Genus Mymar from the Woods of Maryland with an Important De- scriptive Note. A. A:Girault . . . 99 A Metallic Species of Cirrospilopsis from Marcidad (Hymenoptera: _Bulophide), a A. Girault . A New Species of Giosterocatus from California (iia onapters i Bulophidas! ) A. ve Girault 101 A New Genus or Subgenus of Pachyneurine Chaleid-Flies. A. A.@irault. . . . . 102 IPSChANPe GOUT DM wm att rme Te taate Gr ce we eg te a ROS CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. OFFICERS FOR 1917. President Pa AMER PAE boieke ots) Lom Crag OPN into p6a2 8 i: Vace=prestilenty Ga. hs. eek aes S. W.. DENTON. Secretary St, ATTY ica ae H. M. ParsHuLey. TP CUSURE! rons hha Sate ade H. A. PRESTON. Executive Committee A. F. Burcsss, F. W. Dopen, R. W. GuaAsEr. EDITORIAL BOARD OF PSYCHE. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. C. T. Brugs, Harvard University. ASSISTANT EDITOR. W. M. Mann, Harvard University. ASSOCIATE EDITORS. VY. L. KeLLoGce, Stanford University. A. P. Morse, Wellesley College. J. G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University. C. W. JOHNSON, Boston Society of Natural History. A. L. MELANDER, Washington State College. J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass. ) W. M. WHEELER, Harvard University. Psycue is published bi-monthly, the issues appearing in February, April, June, August, October and December. Subscription price, per year, payable in advance: $1.50 to subscribers in the United States, Canada or Mexico; foreign postage 15 cents extra. Single copies, 35 cents. Cheques and remittances should be addressed to H. A. Preston, 17 East Highland Ave., Melrose Highlands, Mass. Orders for back volumes, missing numbers, notices of change of address, etc., should be sent to Dr. W. M. Mann, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS. 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Sasaki of the Imperial University of Japan? made the interesting discovery that the so-called Ugi parasite of the silkworm (Crossocosmia sericarie Corm.) deposits its eggs not within or upon its host, as was the habit of all other known parasites, but upon the leaves of the food plant of its host, 7. e., the mulberry tree. These eggs were minute and very numerous and were taken into the alimentary canal of the silkworm along with the mulberry leaves upon which it fed. Later, in 1908, Mr. O. H. Swezey*® found the same curious habit to occur in the life-history of the Tachinid Chetogedia monticola Bigot, a parasite of various lepidopterous insects in the Hawaiian Islands. During the same year Mr. C. H. T. Townsend! of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology recorded this curious habit in the Tachinid Blepharipa scutellata R. D., introduced into New England from Eu- rope as an aid to the suppression of the Gypsy Moth, and in Pales pavida Meigen, introduced for the same purpose. Mr. Townsend also mentioned several other species which he suspected to have the leaf-oviposition habit. Another curious deviation from the regular methods of reproduction Mr. Townsend found to occur in Eupeleteria magnicornis Zetterstedt, and Zygobothria nidicola Townsend, these flies depositing living maggots on the leaves upon 1 Occasional Contributions from the Cal. State Insectary, No. 5. * Sasaki, C., On the Life-history of Ugimya sericaria Rondani. Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Japan, Vol. I, pp. 1-39, 1887. 3 Swezey, O. H., Observations of the Life-history of Chatogadia monticola Bigot. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., II, pp. 1-35, 1908. 4 Townsend, C. H. T., A Record of Results from Rearings and Dissections of Tachinide. Bull. U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 12, pp. 93-118, 1908. 64 Psyche [June which the host feeds. The maggots attach themselves to the cater- pillar host as it crawls over the food plant, and later bore their way into its interior. Recently Mr. J. L. King, of the Ohio Experi- ment Station, has given us an extremely interesting account of the same general habit, the subject of his studies being the Cyrtid Pterodontia flavipes Gray, a parasite of spiders.1_ Up to the pres- ent time, however, no such startling deviation from the normal has been observed in the parasitic Hymenoptera. In 1909 and 1910 the writer, while engaged in the study of the hymenopterous parasites of the Gipsy and Browntail Moths at the laboratory of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Melrose Highlands, Mass., carried on an investigation of the life-history and habits of Perilampus hyalinus, a hyperparasite of the Fall Web- worm. In brief the life-history of this chalcidoid parasite was found to be as follows: Nothing in regard to the egg-laying habits could be ascertained. The first stage larva, however, a very curious being, heavily armored with chitinous plates and provided with numerous curved hooks and spines, was found crawling about on the outside of the caterpillar. Later these first stage larve or planidia were found to bore their way into the body cavity of the caterpillar, there swimming about freely until the primary parasite larva, either hymenopterous or dipterous, was found, and into which they gained entrance. The Perilampus larva then remained quiescent until the primary parasite became full-fed and made its exit from the caterpillar to spin its cocoon or form its puparium. - At the time of ecdysis the planidium found its way to the exterior of the host, after which it fed as an ectophagous parasite in the normal way. The egg-laying habit of this strange parasite has, however, remained a puzzle to entomologists, and at that time the writer made the following statement in regard to it:? “There have been made, so far as published records go, at any rate, no observations upon the oviposition of members of the genus Perilampus. It is known, however, that oviposition does not occur in the normal way, or in the manner we are accustomed to regard as the normal method of oviposition among the parasitic Hymen- 1 King, J. L., Observations on the Life-history of Pterodontia flavipes Gray (Diptera). An- nals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. IX, p. 309-321 (1916). 2Smith, Harry §8., The Chalcidoid Genus Perilampus, and its Relation to the Problem of Parasite Introduction. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser., No. 19, pp. 33-69, 1912. 1917] Smith—Leaf-Oviposition Among the Parasitic Hymenoptera 65 optera, and for this reason speculations on what may actually occur are rather interesting. “In the first place it is obvious from the facts recorded in the preceding pages that Perilampus does not oviposit directly in or upon its host. In the second place, it does not oviposit within the caterpillar of which its host is a primary parasite, which is equally obvious from the observations already made. That it places its eggs upon the young caterpillar is improbable, the adult Pertlampus being too slow and clumsy to be capable of accomplishing this act with any degree of certainty. “There are two plausible methods which Perilampus might - adopt for the deposition of its eggs, and the writer is strongly in- clined to the view that one of these methods is in part at least cor- _ rect. As in the case of some of the parasitic beetles, it may de- posit its eggs upon flower heads or upon leaves of plants not in the immediate vicinity of the caterpillar colony, the planidia hatching from these eggs being conveyed to the caterpillars by means of some intermediate carrier. In the Coleoptera cited above the carrier is frequently a parasitic bee upon which, by means of their claws, the triungulins attach themselves and are conveyed to the nest of their host. With Perilampus, should this method prove to be the one which really takes place, the intermediate carrier might be any of the primary parasites which attack Hy- phantria; that is, the hymenopterous parasites Limnerium or Apanteles, or the Tachinid Varicheta. The planidium seems more or less fitted for this sort of a life and is apparently analogous to the triungulin of the coleopterous parasites. The chitinous plates with which it is armored are especially serviceable in preventing injury of various kinds, and the mandibles and hooks and spines would serve it very well as a means of clinging to its conveyer. “The other method, which seems much more plausible, is that of oviposition upon the food plant in the vicinity of a colony of the caterpillars. This would do away with the necessity of an intermediate carrier, but would expose the delicate eggs to great danger unless they hatched immediately after deposition. : “While the eggs of Perilampus have not been observed after deposition, those contained in the ovarian tubes, in one case ap- 66 Psyche {June parently mature, have been examined. They are of the usual elongate-oval shape, not stalked, and whitish in color.” For seven years the writer has been looking for a chance to corroborate or disprove the theories ad- vanced in the above state-" ment, but the opportunity Fig. 1. Egg of Perilampus chrysope var., j f greatly enlarged. (Original.) did not present _ itself until about two weeks ago. During the previous summer specimens of Perilampus were occasionally bred from Chrysopa cocoons. Recently the writer was successful in capturing several adult female Perilampus' of this species hovering about oleanders infested with Aphis nerti and fed upon by Chrysopa. The insects were then watched and were observed frequently to touch the tip of the abdomen to the leaf. On placing the leaf under the binocular microscope the minute transparent eggs of the Perilampus were seen, one end of the egg being slightly attached to the leaf. This observation proved the correctness of the original theory and established beyond doubt the habit of leaf- oviposition among the parasitic Hymenoptera. Fig. 2. Planidia of Perilam- The eggs are numerous Fig. 3. Plan- pus chrysope var., attached 2 > idium of Peri- to edge of oleander leaf and one female depositing lampusattached awaiting the approach of Chry- fifty-two in a single to egg-stalk sopa larva. (Original, photo- . of Chrysopa. graphed from life.) day. They are pearly Original.) white in color, about twenty-five one-hundredths millimeter in length, and are charac- teristically sculptured. The egg is very faintly attached to the 1 Determined by J. C. Crawford as Perilampus chrysope Crawford, new variety. 1917] Smith—Leaf-Oviposition Among the Parasitic Hymenoptera 67 surface of the leaf at one end. Hatching takes place in seven to ten days and the first stage larva is of the planidium type de- scribed in the above mentioned paper. For several days previous to hatching the dark-colored planidium can be plainly discerned through the transparent egg-shell. The planidium is active imme- diately upon hatching, crawling rapidly about, but soon it attaches itself to the leaf by means of the caudal sucker and stands out at right angles to the surface. In this position it remains for days at a time, motionless, excepting when some insect comes within its reach, when it suddenly becomes frantically active, reaching and swaying back and forth in its attempt to attach itself to the pro- spective host. If the latter should unfortunately come too near, the planidium attaches itself with lightening-like quickness to a hair or bristle of the host. It then leisurely crawls down the hair to the host’s body and attaches itself by its mouth-hooks. Quite often the planidia are found attached to the egg-stalk of Chrysopa, assuming a position at right angles to the axis of the stalk. This shows an interesting instinct in the planidium, since it may and actually does, as the writer has observed, waylay the young Chry- sopa larva as it leaves the egg and crawls down the stalk. The prescience of the mother Chrysopa in placing her eggs at the end of a long egg-stalk to overcome the cannibalistic propensities of her progeny is in this case their undoing, since the planidium at- tached to the Chrysopa egg-stalk is sure to reach its proper host, while those upon the surface of a leaf are quite as likely to attach themselves to an aphid or other insect.! The planidia are remarkably long-lived for such delicate crea- tures. I have had them live for a period of seventeen days with- out food of any kind and without changing their position. Those which are fortunate enough to become attached to a Chrysopa larva immediately, as mentioned above, crawl down the hair or bristle and by means of their mouthparts attach themselves to the skin of their host. Many of these planidia undoubtedly lose their opportunity to develop through the moulting of the Chry- sopa larva, although sometimes, as observed by the writer in the laboratory, they succeed in changing their position from the 1 In a note in the Journal of Economic Entomology, Vol. 9, p. 510, Mr. M. T. Smulyan men- tions having found a Perilampus planidium on an aphid. Without doubt this is the young of a Chrysopa infesting species which attached itself to the wrong host. They will even grasp a camels hair brush if brought within their reach. 4 j j }! 68 Psyche [June moult-skin to the newly moulted host. In cases where the Chrysopa larva died in the laboratory, the planidium invariably crawled out on the end of a hair, attached itself by the caudal sucker and awaited the approach of a new host. Apparently the planidium takes no nourishment until the Chrysopa larva spins its - cocoon and pupates, after which it begins to feed and develops in much the same way as the writer has described for P. hyalinus (loc. cit.), excepting that it is never an internal parasite so far as has been observed. It is difficult to understand just what is gained, from the standpoint of Perilampus infesting Chrysopa, by this extraordinary habit, since the Chrysopa larva is easily accessible to the normal method of oviposition and is in fact parasitized in the larval state by a number of parasites which oviposit directly into the host. In the case of Perilampus hyalinus, how- ever, and other species having similar habits, the advantage is obvious, since by no other method could access be had to the larve of the primary parasites. In the case, too, of those species of Perilampus infesting wood-boring Coleoptera and gall-making and stem-infesting Lepidoptera (the correctness of which records the writer is frank to confess he previously looked upon with doubt), the usefulness of this Fig. 4.—Planidium of Perilampus chry- method of oviposition taken with the active sope var., greatly en- planidium stage is readily seen, since in this ea en way access is easily gained to the endophagous host through the wanderings of the planidium. Needless to say, this type of reproduction forms one of the most extraordinary adaptations to environment in the entire field of entomology. 1917] Gibson—Key to the Species of Leptoglossus Guér. 69 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEPTOGLOSSUS GUER. OCCURRING NORTH OF MEXICO (HETEROPTERA; COREID #4). By Epmunp H. Grsson, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. The cosmopolitan genus Leptoglossus Guér. is represented in America, north of Mexico, by nine species all of which are listed in Van Duzee’s recent check list. Specimens bearing labels of two other species, namely balteatus Linn. and stigma var. minor Dall. are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, but I believe them to have been wrongly determined. This genus belongs to the tribe Anisoscelini A. & S. and may be separated from Chondrocera Lap. and Narnia Stal, the other two genera of the tribe which are known to occur in North America, by the large dilations of the hind tibiz and simple antennze which have their basal joint long. In working out the key to the species, color markings have been eliminated as far as possible. Specimens of each species have been examined and in practically each one access has been had to large series, which are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Leptoglossus Gueér. Leptoglossus Guér., Voy. de la Coquille, Ins., p. 174, 1838. Anisoscelis Spin., Ess. Hem., p. 200, 1837. Theognis Stal, Stettiner, Ent. Zeitg., xxiii, p. 294, 1862. Leptoglossus Guér. may be characterized as follows: Head elongate, horizontal. Antenne rather stout but not swollen or ‘dilated, basal joint long, about equal to length of the head; rostrum passing the metasternum; buccule short. Thorax longer than head, broad and rounding posteriorly. Elytra narrowing towards apex. Hind femora more or less swollen; hind tibiz with large dilations of foliations, the outer margins of which are usually more or less deeply scalloped. Spiracles at base and apex of abdomen about equally remote. The haplotype of the genus is dilaticollis Guér. 70 Psyche [June Key to the species of Leptoglossus occurring north of Mexico. 1. Thorax coarsely punctate or rugose........fulvicornis Westw. Thorax not rugose, only finely punctate................... 2 2. Apex of head terminating in a stout spine..... clypealis Heid. Apex ofjhead: without*a spines. .nike oe. «os: ci. 6 eee nee 3 3. Fourth joint of the antennze equal to or shorter than the third _ OME RA as Teles Say ancy ah eam kG Lo sh Oe eee 4 Fourth joint of antenne longer than third joint............ 5 4. The outer expansion of the hind tibiz reaching almost to apex of tibice, lanceolates rivera) eas snk os en eee wcorculus Say The outer expansion of the hind tibiz reaching but two thirds the length of tibiz, foliaceous........... occidentalis Heid. 5. Lateral-posterior margins of thorax more or less crenulate. . . . . 6 Lateral-posterior margins of thorax not crenulate, and with only a mere trace of a transverse color band or line on the GLY LEBEA Cert PnP er a ede tee ai Seen oo ade he ee oppositus Say 6. Posterior angle of thorax terminating in a prominent spine ; gonagra Fabr. Posterior angles of thorax not terminating in a prominent SPOUING ein But pe sak A race te ce get Wh Ak cs cle errr d 7. Thorax bordered with bright orange and folianiod of hind tibize SOTA reese ee nniet Oot a en toe Ge ashmeadi Heid Thorax not bordered with orange. Foliation of hind tibiz largevand long. o. Ac Eh 8. Scallops in the foliations of ihe hivid tibiee ‘dese aud long. pie! terior femora prominently incrassated....... zonatus Dall. Scallops in the foliation of hind tibiz shallow and usually short. Posterior femora swollen but not prominently incrassated phyllopus Linn. Leptoglossus fulvicornis Westw. Leptoglossus fulvicornis Westw., Hope Cat., 11, p. 17, 1842. Leptoglossus magnoliz Heid., Pro. Ent. Soc. Washington, xii, 1910; p. 191: This is a large species and can be distinguished from all others by having the thorax coarsely punctate or rugose. Antenne and first two pairs of legs light in color. No band or markings on elytra. Posterior angles of thorax broadly rounded and prom- inently raised. 1917] Gibson—K ey to the Species of Leptoglossus Guér. 71 It ranges from Maryland southward through Florida and Ala- bama. Leptoglossus clypealis Heid. Leptoglossus clypealis Heid., Pro. Ent. Soc. Washington, xii, p. 195, 1910. The apex of the head terminating in a spine is the character which readily distinguishes this species from all others of the genus. This is a western species occurring from Nebraska to Oregon, south through California, Arizona and New Mexico. Leptoglossus corculus Say. - Anisoscelis corculus Say, Ent. of N. A., Vol. 1, p. 326, 1832. Theognis excellens Mayr, Verh. Zodél.-bot. Ges. Wein., xv, p. 434, 1865. ; Together with the following species corculus has the fourth joint of the antennz equal to or shorter than the third. This character may be used to separate these two species. Corculus differs markedly from occidentalis in having the dilation of the hind tibize lanceolate and reaching nearly to the apex of the tibize, while the dilation in occidentalis is foliaceous and much shorter. It is known to occur from New Jersey southward through Georgia, and west to Colorado. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid. Leptoglossus occidentalis Heid., Pro. Ent. Soc. Washington, xii, p. 196, 1910. Following his description of the species Mr. Heidemann states: “This species has frequently been determined as L. corculus Say— _ but by close observation the differently shaped expansion of the hind tibiz will distinguish it at once.” The expansion is shorter and foliaceous. The known distribution is from Colorado west to the coast and from California north to Vancouver. Leptoglossus oppositus Say. Anisoscelis oppositus Say, Ent. of N. A., Vol. 1, p. 326, 1832. Anisoscelis tibialis H. S., Wanz. Ins., Vol. 7, p. 12, 1844. The distinguishing characters for this species are the smooth lateral-posterior margins of the thorax and the unmarked elytra. 72 Psyche [June Only occasionally is there a faint transverse line on the elytra. The foliations of the hind tibiz are large with deep scallops. This is probably the most’'common species in the United States. It is primarily a southern species but is known to occur as far north as New Jersey. Leptoglossus gonagra Fabr. Cimex gonagra Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 708, 1775. Cimex grallator Herbst., Gem. Naturg., vi, p. 239, 1784. Anisoscelis antica H. S., Wanz. Ins., iii, p. 92, 1835. Anisoscelis preecipua Walk., Cat. Hem. Het. British Mus., p. 128, iv, 18a. This is a large species and easily recognizable by the broad thorax, the lateral-posterior angles of which terminate in a prominent spine, and also by the yellow transverse curved line on the anterior portion of the thorax. It is strictly a southern species. Leptoglossus ashmeadi Heid. Leptoglossus ashmeadi Heid.. Bul. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 937, 1909. Of the species occurring north of Mexico this is the most easily recognized one. The exceptionally short foliation of the hind tibize and the bright orange coloration on the head and thorax make the identity unmistakable. Mr. Heidemann recorded it only from Florida. Leptoglossus zonatus Dall. Anisoscelis zonatus Dallas, List. Hem. Brit. Mus., ii, 1852. Closely related to phyllopus Linn. but from which it can be separated by having the scallops of the foliations of the hind tibiz deeper and longer. A comparatively large species and recorded only from the south. Leptoglossus phyllopus Linn. Cimex phyllopus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 2, p. 731, 1767. Anisoscelis albicinctus Say, Ent. of N. A., Vol. 1, p. 326, 1832. Anisoscelis fraternus Westw., Hope Cat., 11, p. 16, 1842. Anisoscelis confusus Dallas, List Hem. British Mus., ii, p. 453, 1852. With oppositus Say this is one of the two most common species in the United States. It can be distinguished, however, from 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White 73 oppositus by having the lateral-posterior margins of the thorax crenulated and by the prominent yellow band across the elytra. In general form it is nearest to zonatus Dall. but the latter has a much larger hind femora while the femora of phyllopus is only normally swollen. The scallops in the foliation of the hind tibiz are rather shallow and much shorter than in zonatus. Specimens have been examined from Virginia south to Florida and Texas. THE LIFE-HISTORY OF MESOVELIA MULSANTI WHITE. By H. B. Huncerrorp, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Among the most familiar inhabitants upon the surface of our ponds and quiet pools are the “‘skaters.”’ These long-legged creatures that deport themselves with such ease and agility upon the surface of the waters have been noted by even the most casual observers. Their size and movements have forced at least a passing notice, but there are a number of small related species that escape all but those who look intently. Among these smaller forms is the little green Mesovelia mulsanti. It wears the brightest livery of them all, for the young and the apterous forms of the adults display varying degrees of green coloration, while the winged ones are even more conspicuous on the floating blankets of green algze because of the silvery whiteness of their wings. These insects measure only from four to five millimeters in length but are so distinct from other bugs in structure that they have been regarded as a distinct family. At various times in the past they have been found in. our col- lections associated with the Hebridew, Gerridw, Hydrometride and Veliide but at last have been segregated as the family Mesoveliide. The species here treated is the only one reported from the United States, but it is a widely distributed form. It is at home in the haunts of the marsh-treader on the floating vegetation growing in the shallow waters of the pools, where the clumps of sedge spread their slender stems upon the water from the bordering bank, where young cat-tails spring up and green alge carpet the surface of the waters. 74 Psyche [June Since they were first made known to science in 1852 by Mulsant and Rey, through the description of Mesovelia furcata, there has been added one other species, described by F. B. White (9)! from the Hemiptera collected in the Amazons by Prof. J. W. Trail and named Mesovelia mulsanti. The information concerning the biology of these forms is meager and confined to a paper by Butler (2), 1893, on the “Habits of ~ Mesovelia furcata,”’ collecting notes on M. furcata by J. Scott (6) in England, and on M. mulsanti by Uhler (8) and by Bueno (1) in this country. It seems, therefore, worth while to present some notes concerning the biology of Mesovelia mulsanti whose habits and life-history are certainly among the most interesting of all the bugs that walk upon the surface of the inland waters. They may be separated from the other bugs of the surface film by the following synoptic table prepared by Mr. H. M. Parshley: A. Head as long as entire thorax; body and appendages extremely slender h:.2\. eis een EIR: Rotor cat Oma Hydrometride AA. Head shorter than thorax; form stout or moderately elongate. B. Claws inserted at apex of last tarsal segment. C. Antenne 5-segmented (except in Merragata); clavus membranous; membrane without veins..... Hebride CC. Antenne 4-segmented. D. Membrane without veins; hind cox rotatory; color greenish; wingless form common Mesoveliide DD. Membrane with distinct veins forming elon- gate cells; hind cox hinged; color not greenish; wings more or less developed........... Saldide BB. Claws inserted before apex of last tarsal segment. C. Hind femora not extending much beyond apex of abdomen; middle pair of legs about equidistant from front and hind pairs (except in Rhagovelia) size usually TATU GE so, VR ete Rene CY aE ee Veliide CC. Hind femora extending much beyond apex of ab- domen; middle.and hind pairs of legs approximated, very distant from front pair; size moderate, rarely TALLINE G oc a Ss tere cea Cre ada Aas ee Gerride 1See Bibliography. ~ Or 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White HaBpitat AND Foop Hasits. It has been indicated above that these little bugs live upon the floating vegetation of ponds. Butler (2) found them on Potamo- geton and Bueno (1) on duck weed, matted Hydrodictyon or other alge. The writer has found them about old logs projecting from the water—clumps of smartweed at the water’s edge as well as on rafts of filamentous alge and leaves and stems of plants pro- cumbent upon the surface. They were noted by Butler to be carnivorous in tastes. He fed them a variety of small insects and saw them feeding upon a springtail, (Smynthurus), a Crambus, a Chalcid and a Hydrometra and supposed the usual food to be small Diptera and Hymenoptera. As to whether they caught their prey alive or availed themselves of the drowned and disabled specimens he was unable to say. That M. mulsanti can live upon such fare is certain for the writer has reared them on flies and plant lice cast upon the water. They are cautious creatures but do on occasion fall upon fairly lively prey, as evidenced by the following instance: A fly thrown into the aquarium was seen to crawl up the side of the jar bearing an adult female Mesovelia with its beak attached near the caudal end of the fly which when disturbed flew to a nearby support bearing the tenacious little bug. However, the writer has come to believe that, with Hydrometra, Microvelia and Rheumatobates, they are not dependent upon the chance and uncertain fare of terrestial insects caught upon the surface film but find another, and indeed a more constant source in the organisms that dwell below but come up to the surface film. Among these, Ostracods and like forms are available as more or less staple food and Mesovelia have been observed exploring the sides of floating Typha and the tangled mats of alge for such Crustacea which they spear from the surface of the water. The tiny nymphs feed upon more gentle organisms in the water, as there are few upon the surface that they are able to overcome. When offered springtails as suggested by Butler, disaster often followed and the writer lost many good rearings before he learned the inadvisability of offering such food. The hungry little crea- tures would attack them only to be turned topsy-turvy upon the water even by comparatively small springtails. Plant lice afforded 76 Psyche [June less risk of this kind and gave better results. They were used as the food supply in the isolation rearings where a study of molts was made. But in an aquarium twelve inches in diameter, the water of which contained alg and floating sedge stems amongst which dwelt an abundant population of entomostracans, the little bugs were reared through their complete cycle without other resource than that afforded by the waters and the weaker of their own - kind. Lire-History. Technique in Rearing. Butler states that “pairing took place several times and the bodies of the females became, by the end of three weeks, greatly distended.’’ The specimens died, however, without ovipositing and his conclusion in regard to the matter, in the light of our present knowledge, seems amusing. It is only fair, however, to state that the writer had the same experience until he discovered that the female possesses an ovipositor for inserting her eggs into the tissues of plants. The newly hatched young were isolated in small stender dishes upon a very shallow film of water with a small bit of sedge stem for a support. The water was kept fresh and clean for the health of the bug and to facilitate finding the molt skins. Oviposition. Since Mesovelia hides and protects its eggs by burying them in the tissues of certain plants that are associated with shores and shallow waters the female possesses an ovipositor adapted to this purpose. If the female be examined in lateral view the abdomen is seen to be laterally compressed at its caudal end in such a man- ner as to provide a sheath or groove for the ovipositor (Pl. I, Fig. 13). A dissecting needle inserted near the distal and caudal end of this fissure can be used to pry out and bring to-view a shiny brown chitinized organ which may be turned down into a position approximately at right angles to the body, for its attachment is at the basal end of the sheath. In this position it is seen to be curved so that the tip is directed slightly forward. The general shape, viewed from the front, is roughly spear shaped and the parts 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White five arranged in such a way that the front surface is concave forming a wide groove, reminding one, when in action, of the tip of an apple corer. Upon dissection it is seen to be made up of three parts, two lateral shafts that are strongly chitinized and toothed or serrated along the lower portion of their lateral margins and a broader central plate (see Pl. I, Figs. 14 and 15). The lateral shafts are attached to the flat plates of the abdominal wall. The central portion is in reality made up of paired parts attached to the median pair of sclerites ‘that serve as the valves or shields for the ovipositor. ; The manipulation of this instrument during oviposition may be observed any time during the spring, summer or autumn by con- fining a number of mating insects in a petrie dish containing only clear water and some food. After being thus deprived for a couple of days of materials in which to place their eggs they. will gather about a small bit of sedge stem or cat tail leaf supplied them, and most eagerly set about the business of laying eggs. The writer has seen as many as eight thus employed about a portion of sedge stem one and one-half inches long and has had ample opportunity to watch the process under the binocular. | The female frequently explores the stem with the tips of her ° beak and antennz if indifferent in the matter, but if eager to oviposit, she mounts the stem without delay, raises the abdomen slightly, unsheaths the ovipositor and turns its tip down to the surface of the stem. At times the surface is tested out at several points—again if the first point of contact is favorable, the tip is caused to quiver back and forth till it gains a footing, and then rocking the body slightly from side to side the entire drill is caused to rotate or twist back and forth on its axis—rapidly at times, or again more slowly as may suit the necessity of the work, until a hole is effected and the ovipositor is buried to its base. During the deeper drillings the longitudinal alternate thrusts of the drill parts are apparent. The first part of the operation at least involves much the same sort of a motion as one employs in making a hole with a gimlet or awl.! 1In addition to the twisting motion and the alternate thrusts of the stylets there is yet an- other. It is the expanding or spreading of the drill parts during the enlarging or reaming out of the hole. 78 Psyche [June It takes but a moment in the spongy water-soaked stem of a sedge to drive the instrument up to its base. Then, after a mo- ment of apparent quiet, the ovipositor is lifted slightly and the egg is forced by a series of abdominal contractions down the ovipositor and into the cavity reamed out to receive it. The egg when forced into the ovipositor distends it considerably as it passes through its channel and thus can be seen to slip down into position with its distal end directed forward beneath the insect. The ovipositor being at last withdrawn from beneath, the egg slips out from behind the exposed circular end of it. A number of eggs may be imbedded thus, in the stem before the ovipositor is sheathed—each one requiring a separate puncture. In the cylindrical stems of plants procumbent upon the water the eggs are likely to be inserted on the sides as they come in contact with the surface film, but this is by no means necessarily the case. As frequently as not the male accompanies the female during the process. Having mounted her in mating he merely moves for- ward and remains perched upon her back as she busies herself with egg laying, mating being attempted and often consummated between her labors. ! In starting the drill in a particularly stubborn or inconvenient place the female not infrequently uses one of her hind legs to steady and stiffen or support the drill. One female after making several attempts employed her right hind leg in such a manner that the tarsus was turned at an angle with the tibia and the angle thus formed used to direct and aid the ovipositor. During the process of oviposition the female often defends her- self from molestation by kicking vigorously with the hind legs when disturbed. Description of Eqq. Size: Length .875 mm.; greatest diameter .187 mm. to .250 mm.; diameter of exposed circle .15 mm. Shape: This shape is best shown in the drawing. The egg is elongate oval with a curved neck terminating ina flat surface which 1In mating the male mounts the female—clasps his fore legs around her mesothorax in front of her middle legs—rests his middle legs upon the water film or other supporting surface and holds the hind legs poised in the air. The copulatory organ of the male is long and curves around the side of the tip of the female’s body to come into contact with the genital opening. Contact lasts from a few seconds to one minute or longer. Upon withdrawal the copulatory organ is seen to be a slender white tube of astonishing length. 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White 79 marks the exposed end of the egg as it lies in situ in the stem of some plant. Color: When first laid, white; in the course of two or three days it has become watery transparent with portions of the embryo beginning to take form. These eggs buried singly as indicated above are shown in the drawings (PI. I, Figs. 5 and 7). The exposed end of the egg shows up as a shiny membranous circular spot on the surface of the plant which bears it and is visible to the naked eye. This spot, though clear white when first laid presents at about the second day a very faint ring of pink which darkens to a deep pink after twenty-four hours. In the course of another day or two this gradually fades and two days before hatching the deep red eye spots may be seen through clear stems in the position shown in Fig. 7 The egg stage lasts seven to nine days. At hatching the young nymphs, still enclosed in their embryonic membrane, work their way up through the little circular openings of the stem. This is a remarkable feat considering the size of the nymph and the size of the hole but is aided materially by the peculiar backward pointed pegs on the thin embryonic membrane. When well out of the stem this membrane is cast and the nymph takes its place upon the water. First Instar. Size: See the table presented below. Color: When first hatched it is white with red eyes darkening to amber and green as it ages. To the unaided eye it is greenish brown. Thus it is much darker than the older nymphs, quite distinct in coloring. The tips of the appendages are dark while the limbs themselves are pale. Structural Peculiarities—The general form is stouter and more robust than that of the later stages. The body and limbs are clothed with hairs and bristles as shown in the Fig. 4. The head and thorax bear a few stout bristles and the antenne bear on the first segment several (usually 3 or 4) stout bristles directed mesally and the terminal segment is thickly covered with fine hairs. The limbs, besides bearing many hairs possess a number of black bristles arranged as follows: One stout bristle is prominent near the distal end on the anterior margin of the meso- and meta-thoracic 80 Psyche [June femura. The metathoracic tibia are beset with numerous irreg- ularity arranged bristles. Terminating with one larger than the others. The antenne are stout and as long as the body, four segmented, the terminal segment is somewhat broadened and as long as the other three. The head bears no indication of ocelli but does pos- sess the black bristles indicated in the later instars. The limbs are stout, the tarsi one-segmented and ending 1 in two claws. The abdomen bears a dorsal pore on the median line of the dor- sum of the fourth abdominal segment. Later Instars. The second and later instars are bright green in color and more slender inform. They possess relatively few but retain the black bristles in the positions indicated in the first instar. There appear in these later instars one black bristle on anterior margin of fore femur and two on the other femora. The structural characters remain constant until the adult stage is reached when the following changes become apparent. The first antennal segment possesses but one black bristle instead of a number of them (usually). The limbs are more slender and tarsi 3-segmented. The connexivium is broad and the sexual characteristics appear. In the winged female there appear two dark ocelli-like spots on the vertex. The winged forms are often found with membrane missing. They have been observed to break away this portion of the wing with the hind tibia, exposing the tip of the abdomen as shown in Bie, 12 Following is given a table of measurements of the various instars and of the adults: !Mr. J. R. de Ja Torre Bueno describes this habit in Halobatine. Canadian Ent., Vol. IX, No. 1, p. 389 (1908) 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White 81 TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS IN MILLIMETERS OF INSTARS OF MESOVELIA MULSANTI. Antenne. Hind leg. Middle leg. Fore leg. Measurement r f tip of Stage. ae ne ; femur to tip} : 2 || A ‘ 3) &0 40 o Le : = ix . Ls . of femur. 2h || PE Ba ay = & Z = S “B = Weebl | ae alee lee ale sates lee he 3 | 3 | 2) 3 a a cs = is sal = ies e ic ae e Ist instar. ... ile 149] .099).11 |.416 AIG) so73|e2101> .3386) 1306) 2166) 225 (3213) 129 2d oy 1.25 20) |=125}). 20) |\.5 54 {O25} pe2ol oo 343.188 312) .26 |.135 3d ‘ RS 25 |.166|. 207) .54 625 85 |.275| .437 44% )\2220. |, o00l|,008 | Lou 4th Z PASMPAN 29) 21 ||.382) 7 .81 | 1 .3875| .625) .625).29 i 38 |.25 5th DEO 375|.29 |.375|.81 | 1.03 | 1.37 |.487| .75 RON eOnO) 625] .50 |.26 thc ee eee rams feta: teers .65 |.416].716].96 | 1.35 | 1.56 |.5 1.09 | 1.09 |.416 858].75 |.26 (Ant, (OP ER one] |AOeOARE BB eee EHO Son Oo son || laoOe | le OSm Goi ||P Leelivanle declgan lio 91 |.78 |.312 Before attaining the adult stage, the nymph passes through five nymphal instars spending from two to three days in each stage. Mating occurs and oviposition begins about the third day. One female emerged August 1, began to lay August 3 and died August 12, having laid 44 eggs an average of nearly 5 eggs per day. Some of the females in isolation laid an average of less than this, while one female under observation laid 18 eggs in 24 hours, a surpris- ingly large number, when we consider the size of egg and adult. The table presented on p. 82 is the history of one of a number of series, of isolation rearings, and indicates the variations in the duration of the different stages. The record of the many that died after isolation is omitted. It represents at least 90 per cent. of the total for mortality is very heavy under laboratory conditions. However, rearing in isolation and in close confinement is the only way to arrive at the number of molts and duration of instars. When a number are reared together the close resemblance of the instars and the variation in size within a given instar makes pre- cise observation impossible. The writer has endeavored to determine diagnostic characters for the various instars. In the apterous forms he has found the spread from tip of femur to tip of femur the only fairly satisfactory determination (see table above). The developing winged forms beginning with the third instar are readily placed. (See Fig. 3 for the size of the wing pads in the 5th instar.) 82 Psyche [June MESOVELIA MULSANTI—A HISTORY OF A FEW ISOLATED REARINGS. : &0 Exp. Lot.| Egg = Ist 2d 3d 4th 5th Eggs z No. No.| laid. Sy = molt. | molt. | molt. | molt. | molt. |Mated.| laid. © | Died. Bo. s 168deeen - 1643|7/ 5/16|7/13/16}7/18/16|7/19/16}7/22/16|7/24/16)7/27/16|7/29/16}7/30/16) 26 |8/ 5/16 GAS Ee Rei 1643|7/ 5/16|7/13/16)7/16/16|7/19/16|7/22/16)7/24/16 7/26/16 fof Pallet ene cro een o0/L6 1OSSz pee: 1643]}7/ 5/16}7/13/16|7/15/16)7/16/16|7/19/16}7/22/16|7/25/16] . 9 |7/28/16| 15 |8/ 2/16 16142... . .|1657|7/13/16]7/21/16}7/23/16|7/25/16|7/27/16)7/29/16|8/ 1/16 Q |8/ 4/16} 21 |8/ 9/16 NGKeR eee ....|7/24/1618/-1/16|8/ 3/16|]8/ 6/16)8/ 8/16)8/11/16}8/14/16 (otMin |e BBG oa 8/22/16 l6y ......|....|7/13/16|7/21/16}7/23/16|7/25/16|7/27/16)7/29/16|8/ 1/16 fof Petia ..../8/ 7/16 iV eeeste 1657|7/13/16|7/19/16|7/21/16)7/23/16|7/26/16|7/29/16|7/31/16 QU ish ceete cor: se. ol/16 165 7laeeee 1657|7/13/16|7/20/16|7/22/16|7/24/16|7/26/16|7/29/16|8/ 1/16|8/ 4/16|8/ 9/16] 10 |8/ 6/16 WON e o.5e ....|7/13/16}7/20/16|7/22/16]7/25/16}7/27/16|7/29/16|8/ 1/16|8/ 3/16|8/ 4/16) 44 |8/12/16 SUMMARY. Mesovelia mulsanti is found about the margins of ponds and pools upon floating vegetation where it feeds upon small organisms coming to the surface film from below or that fall upon it. The species probably passes the winter as adults that begin ovipositing in the spring. They place their eggs in the stems of plants and even in the spongy wood of floating logs.!. There is a succession of generations throughout the season, each cycle requiring about twenty-four days. Winged and wingless forms occur together. Besides flying from pool to pool, they may be transferred in the egg stage. Mr. Beamer sent them from the southern part of the state to the writer at Lawrence, Kans., in the stems of sedge used as packing for some Naucorids. The general distribution of this species, and the ease with which it may be controlled and observed both as to oviposition and to hatching, make it a valuable object for studies on these phases of animal behavior. 1Since this paper was submitted for publication the writer has learned from Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno that he found the eggs of these bugs in plants some years ago. This gives him priority of observation on this point. » ia: s = ri Se Bs a od = « ey i. ries Te Vou. XXIV, PLate Psycue, 1917. p—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti. 1917] Hungerford—Life-History of Mesovelia mulsanti White 83 EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Mesovelia mulsanti, winged male with membrane of wings broken off. Fig. 2. Mesovelia mulsanti, winged female, wings entire. Fig. 3. Fifth instar nymph; note the dorsal pore on fourth abdominal segment. Fig. 4. First instar nymph. Fig. 5. Eggs in stem of sedge, surface view of the two at left. The other two seen in situ in stem when portion of stem is removed. Fig. 6. Fourth instar apterous form. Fig. 7. Two eggs, showing their connection with surface of stem; eye spot shows in the one to the right. Fig. 8. The embryonic membrane, cast by the hatching nymph; 2 “pegs”? shown at the left enlarged. Fig. 9. Apterous male. Fig. 10. Apterous female. Fig. 11. Male genitalia from above. Fig. 12. Male genitalia from side, hooks in black. Fig. 13. Ventral view of female ovipositor in its sheath. Fig. 14. Ovipositor, lateral shafts shaded. They slide up and down on the central shaft. Fig. 15. Cephalic view of ovipositor, turned into position for action. Drawings 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10, by Miss Ellen Edmonson. BIBLIOGRAPHY. (1) Bueno, J. R. de la Torre. Hemiptera Heteroptera of West- chester County, N. Y. Jr. N. Y. Ento. Soc. 1908. (2) Butler, E. A. On the Habits of Mesovelia furcata. Ent. Mag., X XIX, pp. 232-236. 1893. (3) Champion, G. C. Mesovelia mulsanti in; Biologia Centrali- Americana, Hemiptera Heteroptera, II. 1898. (4) Kirkaldy, G. W. List of the genera of the Pagiopodous He- miptera Heteroptera, with their Type Species, from 1758— 1904. (And also of the aquatic or semi-aquatic Trochalo- poda.) Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 32, p. 117. 1906. (5) Kirkaldy, G. W. and J. R. de la Torre Bueno. A Catalogue of American aquatic and semi-aquatic Hempitera. Proc. Ent. Soc., Washington, Vol. X, p. 173. 1908. 84 Psyche [June (6) Scott, J. Capture of M. furcata Muul. Ent. Monthly Mag., STS nos. STS: | (7) Summers, H. E. The True Bugs or Heteroptera of Tennessee. Bull. Tennessee Agri. Exp. Sta., Vol. IV, No. 3, p.85. 1891. (8) Uhler, P. R. Notes on Mesovelia bisignata in; Kingsley’s Standard Natural History, II, p. 274. 1883. (9) White, F. B. List of the Heteroptera collected in the Amazons . by Prof. J. W. H. Trail in the years 1873-1875, with de- scriptions of the new species. Trans. Proc. Ent. Soe. London. 1879. NOTES ON APHIDS. By G. O. Suns, Berkeley, California. Nectarosiphum rubicola Oestl., with description of the male. Alate viviparous female. General color, pale or green. Length of body, 3.8 mm. Width of abdomen, 1.6mm. Wing expansion, 4.3mm. Head, pale or green, broader than long, width between the eyes, .45 mm. Beak, reaching second coxa, near the tip dusky. Antenna situated on frontal tubercle, pale except dusky rings at the distal end of III, IV and V, VI including spur dusky, length of articles: TI], 1.lamme; TV, :7 mm; V5 .55 mm. Vi,..3 1am spur, 8 mm. Sensoria about 14 on III, one each on IV and VY. Pro- thorax wider than long, width, .6 mm., pale. Mesothorax slightly dusky, border with muscle lobes amber, width, 1 mm. Meta- thorax slightly dusky. Legs, distal one fifth the length of tibia and entire tarsi dusky, rest pale. Abdomen, pale, inflated. Corni- cles mostly dusky, often basal half pale, length, 1 mm. Cauda, pale. Wings hyaline with smoky area near the tips of forewings, expansion: forewing, 4.9 mm., hind wing, 2.7 mm. Apterous viviparous female. General color, pale or green. Length of body, 2.7 mm. Width of abdomen, 13 mm. Head, pale, broader than long. Beak reaches to third coxa, pale except apical half of third joint which is dusky. Length of antennal joist: TIT, .9 mm.; JV;).6mm.; V, 55 mm.; VI, .2 mm sispursd mm. Prothorax, pale. Thorax and abdomen, pale. Tibia dusky. Rest of legs color of the body. Cornicle, dark, slightly swollen 1917] Shinji—Notes on Aphids 85 as in alate form, 1.2 mm. long. Cauda, pale, longer than wide at base. Host plant: Thimbleberry. Locality: University of California campus, Berkeley, Calif. Date of collection: March 20, 1915. Male (alate): Alate, wing venation as in the alate viviparous female. General color, rosy. Body small, length, 1.6 mm., width of abdomen, .65mm. Head black or at least dusky, broader than long, length, .3 mm. between the eyes. Rostrum beyond the third coxa. Eyes black, large. Antenna black except lighter base of III. ‘Length of joints, III, 1.1 mm.; IV, .8 mm.; V, .7 mm.; VI, .3mm.; spur, 1.2mm. Sensoria on antennal joints distributed as follows: III, 5; 1V, 15; V,15. Cornicles, black, .6 mm.long. Style dusky, small. Mesathorax black, length, .6 mm. Metathorax, black. Abdomen cylindrical, not much inflated, rosy or light red. Anteroventrally to the cauda there is a pair of somewhat horny cercl. Host plant: Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.). Locality: University of California campus, Berkeley, Calif. Date of collection: April 4, 1915. Norrs.—So far as my knowledge goes, N. rubi is one of the earliest male producers, the other being Myzus ribis. Although I have never studied the life history of this particular species, I had the opportunity of observing the emergence of stem-mothers from their eggs about the twentieth of February. The males were found only on the underside of already tinged leaves, while par- thenogenetic forms were infesting terminal shoots and green, tender leaves. Not a single specimen of oviparous female or of egg could be found on the same or nearby plants at the time when males were abundant. Although the male of this species can be distinguished from its sisters by smaller size, darker coloration, numerous antennal sensoria, presence of paired cerei, etc., the only character common to the males of all Aphids, it must be mentioned, is the presence of cerci. To illustrate, the males of Aphis pomi are alate, and lighter than the alate viviparous form. The males of Rhopalosiphum lactucae are as large as the alate viviparous females. Again, the males of Calaphis betuloecolens have the same number of antennal sensoria as the alate sisters. 86 Psyche [June Chaitophorus coleoptis sp. nov. Alate viviparous female. Body small, length including cauda, 1.4mm. Width of abdomen, .7 mm. Wing expansion, 2.3 mm. Head broader than long, slightly narrower than prothorax, width including eyes, .45 mm., dusky. Beak reaching to second coxa, tip dusky. Antenna arising from side of head, six articled, third joint subequal to spur, apical half of fifth together with sixth including filament dusky, rest the color of the body. Length of articles: III, .4 mm.; IV, .23 mm.; V, .2 mm.; VI, .1 mm.; filament, 4mm. Eyes dark red. Prothorax dusky, very short, width, A7mm. Mesothorax dusky, width, .65mm. Metathorax dusky. Front leg pale except tarsi which is dusky, middle and hind legs of the color of body with femora and tarsi dusky. Length of femora: front, .25 mm.; middle, .35 mm.; hind, .45 mm. Length of tibia: front, .35 mm.; middle, .50 mm.; hind, .75 mm. Abdo- men, pale with a large middle dorsal patch of dusky or several transverse dusky bands, and also marginal dusky patch, some- what hairy. Cornicles pale, constricted about the middle, slightly longer than wide at base. Style dusky, rounded at tip and con- stricted at base, provided with long spines. Anal plate pale, apex nearly straight, but a little curved in, never rounded nor much indented. Wings small, usually normal in venation, often one of the two varies in venation but cases in which both right and left wings are abnormal is rare. Apterous viviparous female. Body with spines, pale, small, length, 1.45 mm. Width of abdomen, .9 mm. © Head the color of body. Eyes dark red. Antenna arising from side of head; sixth including spur and apical half of fifth dusky, the rest color of head, length of articles: III, .4mm.; IV, .23 mm.; V, .2 mm.; VI, .1 mm.; spur, .4 mm. Thorax and abdomen compressed, hairy, pale. Legs pale, except dusky tarsal joints. Cornicles pale, shape as in alate form, style, with spines, pale, anal plate as in alate. Host plant: Abies balsam. Locality: San Francisco. Date of collection: April 10, 1915. 1917] Howard—An Interesting Manuscript 87 AN INTERESTING MANUSCRIPT. By L. O. Howarp. At a meeting of the Biological Society of Washington, held March 10, 1917, Dr. Hugh M. Smith, chief of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, exhibited a packet of 283 loose sheets, each sixteen and five-tenths centimeters by ten centimeters, backed by pasteboard covers and labeled in manuscript, “Olivier’s North American Coleoptera, 283 plates.” Below this legend is dimly written in pencil by a different hand, “‘ Painted by Mrs. C. L. H.—, wife of Professor C. L. Hentz, bgt. November 2, 185—.” Dr. Smith, after exhibiting the packet, presented it to the writer, calling attention to a newspaper clipping which he had found under the cover from the Boston Transcript of November 21, 1856, giving a notice of the death of Prof. N. M. Hentz at the residence of his son, Dr. Charles A. Hentz, at Mariana, Fla., on the fifth instant (7. e., November, 1856), followed by a brief obituary notice. Dr, Smith further stated that this packet had been bought by his father at a book sale very many years ago. On careful examination it seems obvious that this collection of loose leaves constitutes a selection of all the North American species of Coleoptera from the six volumes of A. G. Olivier’s “Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coleopteres.”’ Obtaining access to a copy of Olivier’s great work, Prof. Nicholas Marcellus Hentz had evidently asked his talented wife, Caroline Lee Hentz, to copy the colored illustrations and descriptions of all of the species described from North America. Or possibly he did the drawing and she copied the descriptions. Hentz, before his marriage, had lived at Boston and Philadelphia, moving south shortly after marriage in 1824. Olivier’s work may have been loaned to him from Philadelphia or from Boston, as he was frequently in correspondence with T. W. Harris. In the correspondence, as published in “The Entomological Correspondence of Thaddeus William Harris, M. D.,” printed by the Boston Society of Natural History, in 1896, there is no refer- ence to the loan of Olivier, but the last letter published was Harris to Hentz, November 6, 1839, and the manuscript copy was prob- ably made later than that date. 88 Psyche [June On comparison of these loose leaves with the copy of Oliver in the Library of the Bureau of Entomology the Hentz illustrations prove to be very faithful copies, a little lighter in color as a rule, but with the added effort in some cases of indicating high lights on dark species, which improved their general appearance as com- pared with the copy of the printed work in Washington. In a few cases the colors are not completely worked in. In the copies of the descriptions useless words are omitted. For example, should the original read, ‘“‘Les antennes sont noires,”’ Mrs. Hentz would simply write “Antennes noires.”’ But no useful descriptive word is omitted. The enormous amount of copying that Harris, Fitch and other early entomologists had to do in the absence of funds for the purchase of rare works is a matter of frequent record. It is doubtful, however, if there exists a more perfect and useful manuscript than the one just described. It will be extremely useful, even today, since it brings together in compact form only the North American species described and figured by Olivier. It will be deposited either in the Library of the United States National Museum or in that of the Bureau of Entomology, where it may be consulted. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PACHYNEUR ON WITH THREE NEW SPECIES (CHALCID-FLIES). By A. A. Grravtt, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Based on the types (except albutius). Females. I. Legs yellow except the coxee (compare anthomyia). Seapeblackish. (Is a Dibrachys.) nigrocyaneum Norton Scape yellow. As in anthomyie@ (of which it is a prob- able variant). Median carina of propodeum some- times single (the abdominal petiole not strongly striate). (=syrphi Ashmead) (=syrphicola Ash- MERA, Soy Me Pike OR eee ese Ey! albutius Walker II. Legs with at least the coxee and femora concolorous or the latter darkened. Spiracular sulcus narrow, distinct, no 1917] Girault—North American Species of Pachyneuron 89 lateral carina. Mandibles 4=dentate. Clypeal pro- jection with a tooth on each side of its base. Abdominal petiole over twice longer than wide, scaly. Neck of propodeum conspicuous; clypeus with its projection with a concave distal margin. Coxe and femora submetallic. Scape yellow. Median carina of propadeum obsolete... . . altiscuta Howard Abdominal petiole only a little longer than wide. Clypeal projection truncate or subtruncate. Cox metallic, femora washed with metallic. Scape pale. Propodeum with a more or less complete (paired and diverging) median carina which is somewhat like a ruga and rather delicate, variable. Funicle joints all short, somewhat variable. Abdominal petiole scaly. (=allograpte Ashm.) anthomyie Howard The same. Propodeum with single median and lateral carine, the latter more or less obscure and paired at base; petiole with strong longitudinal strie. Scutellum with a distinct cross-suture before apex. Segment 2 of abdomen caudad at meson faintly emarginate....hammari Crawford The same but scutellum without a distinct cross- suture before apex (only a faint obscure ridge in its place as in other species), segment 2 of abdomen is sharply minutely incised caudad at meson (as in the other species), the spiracular sulcus is twice broader while the median and lateral carine of the propodeum are more delicate virginicum sp. nov. Scape with the distal half metallic. The same as hammari but the cross-suture of the scutellum is indicated by coarser punctures, distad of its site, the caudal margin of segment 2 of the abdomen is convex, entire, the median carina of the propodeum is represented by several interlac- ing, delicate rugee broadly across the meson while 90 Psyche [June the tibiz are dark except at each end or reddish DO WA. Wiser eg ys SeenON eas « texranum sp. nov. Scape wholly metallic except at the extreme base of its body; the bulla metallic. Propodeum as in Propachyneuronia siphonophore Ashmead (plane with a neck and_ spiracular sulcus). Scutellum with no indication of a cross- suture; segment 2 of abdomen slightly emarginate at meson caudad, convex there. Petiole sub- quadrate, finely scaly. Funicle 1 somewhat the STE Stk Md ales tne ere californicum sp. nov. Pachyneuron virginicum Girault. Female: Like hammeri Crawford except as pointed out above. The male is the same except that the funicle joints are considerably longer, 1 twice longer than wide. From a pair reared from wingless, viviparous females of Aphis sorbi Kaltenbach on apple. Blacksburg, Virginia, August, 1915 (M. T. Smulyan). Types: Catalogue No. 20368, U. 5. N. M., the pair on tags, the male head and caudal tibia on a slide. Pachyneuron texanum Girault. The types are three females reared at College Station, Texas, in February, 1891, from wheat (F. M. Webster). Catalogue No. 20369, U.S. N. M., the examples on tags, a head and a caudal tibia on a slide. Pachyneuron californicum Girault. The males have the legs white except the coxe and the proximal half of the caudal femur; the scape is nearly wholly whitish, the funicle more hairy, with joints 1-2 subequal and over twice longer than wide. The types and cotypes are three pairs on tags with a slide bearing a female head and caudal leg. Mt. Antonio, Calif., 6,000 feet, July 20, 1911, and Carpenteria, Calif., August 17, 1911 (P. H. Timberlake). Catalogue No. 20370, U. 5. N. M., two pairs on tags (Mt. Antonio) and the slide. 1917] Girault—New Miscellaneous Chalcid-Flies from North America 91 NEW MISCELLANEOUS CHALCID-FLIES FROM NORTH AMERICA. By A. A. GIRAuLt. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Pseudiglyphomyia marilandica sp. nov. Female: Length, 1.00 mm. Very similar to nigrivariegata Girault but somewhat smaller and differing also in the following particulars: The general color is orange; the face of prothorax has a black stripe across it; cephalic margin of scutum rather broadly black; the parapsidal furrows and the suture between scutum and scutellum are more noticeably black; also black thus—there is a moderately large round spot in the center of the scutellum; the spot on the axillze is more distinct; the cephalic margin of the propodeum narrowly out a little laterad of the spiracle and an oblique stripe from base between meson and spiracle, extending well toward apex; and seven narrow cross-stripes on dorsal abdomen from base to apex, the first broadly interrupted at the meson. Prothorax lemon yellow. Tegulz dusky, also the antenne, the scape paler except on dorsal edge and toward the apex. Mandibles 6-dentate. Funicle joints subequal, each twice longer than wide and longer than the pedicel; club 1 nearly as long as funicle 1, longest, 3 with a distinct terminal spicule. The propodeum is as in nigrivariegata but there is no very narrow lateral carina directly from the minute round spiracle which is not very close to the cephalic margin. Types compared. One female, open woods, Glenndale, Md. (September 28, 1916). Type: Catalogue No. 20622, U. $. National Museum, the female on a tag, the head and the hind tibiz on a slide. Euplectrus platypene Howard. Reared from a larva on grass, Barbados, B. W. I., January, 1915 (F. Watts). Gonatocerus illinoiensis sp. nov. Female: Similar to the description of juvator Perkins but the legs are yellow except all tibie and tarsi besides the prothorax, lateral and caudal margins of scutum and the parapsides except apex 92 Psyche [June (cephalad). Fore wings subhyaline. Middle and hind cox black. A most beautiful species when alive. . One female, window of a laundry, Coulterville, Ill., June 10, 1911. Type: Catalogue No. 20631, U.S. National Museum, the female on a slide. Neomphaloides cincinnatus sp. nov. Female: Length, 1.20 mm. Slender, the stylus a little shorter than the ovipositor and a third of the abdomen’s length. Dark metallic blue, the wings hyaline, the venation and scape pale, the tarsi, knees, cephalic and middle tibize and the caudal legs except the coxe golden yellow. Abdomen above and below with a large peltate spot of golden yellow at base (base and lateral margin narrowly concolorous, the yellow reaching to apex of basal third) and with over the basal half of the stylate part golden yellow. Pedicel but somewhat longer than wide, about half the length of funicle 1, the latter slightly longest, thrice or more longer than wide, the club joints twice longer than wide, the third with a distinct but not elongate terminal spine. Mandible tridentate, the third tooth obliquely truncate. Stylus hairy. Punctures along lateral margin of scutum very delicate, obscure. Sculpture usual but the propodeum rather coarsely scaly, with a narrow median carina and a similar, straight lateral one, the spiracle minute, round, half- way between middle and cephalic margin. One female, woods, Glenndale, Md., September 9, 1916. Type: Catalogue No. 20472, U. S. National Museum, the female on a tag, the head on a slide. A second female, same place, some days later. Dibrachys clisiocampe (Fitch). Four females reared from the larve of Phthorimewa operculella, Pasadena, Calif. (J. E. Graf). Polynema bifasciatipenne (Girault) varium var. nov. Female: Differing from the typical form in being light yellowish brown, including the legs; distal stripe of fore wing nearly as long (or even longer) as the middle one and subrectangular, its apical margin flatly convexed, its basal nearly straight. Ovipositor black except at base, more extruded (for a length equal to a third 1917] Girault—New Miscellaneous Chalcid-Flies from North America 93 of that of the abdomen’s body or nearly as long as the slenderer petiole). And the hind wings are wholly hyaline. The male has a fuscous band across the abdomen a little before apex. One male, three females described in detail in Journ. New York Ent. Soc., December, 1910, pp. 254-258. Locality, Fredonia, Kans.; eggs of Qicanthus. Types: Catalogue No. 20599, U. S. National Museum, one male, three females on tags. Anaphoidea conotracheli (Girault). From eggs of Craponius inaequalis, West Virginia (F. E. Brooks). gg i g Eutelus betule sp. nov. . Female: Length, 1.00 mm. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the scape, most of the pedicel, venation, cephalic tibie, tips of other tibize and the tarsi, yellowish brown. Body finely scaly punctate, the propodeum and abdomen scaly, the former tricarinate but the median carina weak, subobsolete. Parapsidal furrows incomplete. Propodeal spiracle minute, rounded, its own diameter from the cephalic margin. No spiracular sulcus. Abdo- men conic-ovate, a little longer than the rest of the body, depressed or sunken above, its second segment occupying a fourth of the surface. Lateral ocelli far distant from the eyes. Clypeus small, not advanced, sharply incised at the meson, thus bidentate, its teeth obtuse. Mandibles 3- and 4-dentate. Antenne inserted near the clypeus, a little below the ventral ends of the eyes, 13- jointed with three ring-joints, the third of the latter largest; funicle joints subquadrate, subequal, somewhat shorter than the pedicel. Stigmal vein a half shorter than the marginal, somewhat shorter than the postmarginal. The male is similar but the abdomen is much shorter, depressed and obtuse at apex. From two pairs reared from ““Cecidomyizia betula, Albany, N. Y., June 10, 1887 (J. A. Lintner).”’ Types: Catalogue No. 20789, U.S. National Museum, two pairs on tags, appendages on a slide. 94 Psyche [June Eutelus salicis sp. nov. Female: Length, 2.15 mm. Like the preceding but much larger, the pedicel is entirely reddish yellow and larger (also the first two ring-joints; funicle 1 is about twice longer than wide), the femora reddish yellow; the clypeus is not incised but broadly sinuate or concaved; the abdomen is longer and stylate, not sunken, the ~ antenne inserted barely below the ventral ends of the eyes; the propodeum is about as in Habrocytus onerati and the marginal vein is somewhat larger. Differs from H. onerati (Fitch) mostly in that the flagellum is black, the antennze with three ring-joints and somewhat lower on the face. From three females reared from a conical Cecidomyid gall on Salix longifolia, Melrose, Mass., January 20, 1882 (U. 5. Depart- ment Agriculture). Types: Catalogue No. 20788, U.S. National Museum, the three females, minutien-mounted and a slide bearing caudal tibize and a head. Achrysocharella pulchrella sp. nov. Female: Length, 1.00 mm. Bright orange yellow, the abdomen somewhat paler, the wings hyaline, the body marked with dark metallic blue as follows: Pronotum, cephalic half of scutum, a dot on each side, center of occiput, a tolerably broad stripe across the base of the abdomen, followed immediately by a narrow cross- stripe and then at intervals equal to the basal stripe (except in the first instance) by four sometimes thicker cross-stripes, the last one of which is at base of distal third. Legs, scape and pedicel, white, the funicle and club dusky. Tip of ovipositor valves black. Head and thorax very finely punctate, the propodeum and abdomen scaly. Propodeum plane, with a median carina and a oblique carina just laterad of the rounded spiracle. Scutellum with a seta on each side of the middle, somewhat flattened. Post- marginal vein shorter than the stigmal. Terminal spine of the club as long as its joint; pedicel, funicles 1-2 and club 1 subequal, twice longer than wide; club 2 somewhat shorter, 3 still shorter. Club narrowing distad. Mandibles with two acute outer teeth and a third inner which is rather broadly truncate at apex and there with minute teeth. Parapsidal furrows barely indicated cephalad. Habitus of the Australia grandis. 1917] Girault—New Miscellaneous Chalcid-Flies from North America 95 From one female in the U. S. National Museum Collection from the District of Columbia. Type: Catalogue No. 20438, U.S. National Museum, the female on acard, the head on a slide. Atoposomoidea ogimz Howard. Genotype. Same as Diaulinopsis but postmarginal abbreviated. Head normal. Grotiusomyia flavicornis sp. nov. Female: Length, 1.20 mm. Aeneus black, the wings hyaline, the legs (except the coxee and femora) and the antenne, straw yellow. Pedicel dusky. Head and thorax finely scaly punctate, the abdomen scaly except segment 2 which is glabrous (except at apex). Postscutellum and propodeum subglabrous, the latter with a strong median carina and a curved smooth sulcus in the site of the lateral carina, the mesal margin of which is an obtuse carina; spiracle elliptical, of moderate size, cephalad. Parapsidal furrows complete, fine like lines. Pronotum transverse-quadrate, over half the length of the seutum. Segment 2 of abdomen much the largest, occupying a third of the surface, its caudal margin straight. Axillze considerably advanced. Marginal vein as long as the submarginal, over twice the length of the long stigmal, the latter distinctly shorter than the postmarginal. Mandibles 6=and 7= dentate. Club 2=jointed, nippleless, the joints about equal in length, 1 a little wider than long. Pedicel somewhat longer than wide, the funicle joints shortening and widening, 1 slightly shorter than the pedicel, the others wider than long. Antennz clavate. Femora usually yellow except the caudal ones. From six females reared from an oak pyralid, Washington, D. C. Types: Catalogue No. 20695, U. S. National Museum, the females on tags (1 minutien), a head and four caudal legs on a slide. Aphidencyrtus aspidioti Girault. A pair from Lepidosaphes ulmi, Monmouth, Me., July 22, 1914 (E. H. Siegler). The male bears two ring-like funicle joints and a very long, solid club, the antennz 5 = jointed. 96 Psyche [June Lamprostatus canadensis sp. nov. Female: Length, 2.45 mm. Stout. Dark metallic green, the wings hyaline, the venation dusky yellow, the tibize and _ tarsi reddish brown. Head and thorax densely scaly, the scutellum with a deep, foveate cross-suture before its apex and at base with a short median sulcus and row of small punctures along its lateral margin; propodeum with a median carina (and no others) from which run more or less distinct oblique rug; also a lateral carina distad only, the spiracle moderately large, ovate. Petiole wider than long, the second abdominal segment occupying not quite half of the surface, its caudal margin straight but with a short slit at the meson. Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face, above the ventral ends of the eyes; clypeus not advanced but at each end with a stout tooth and another in the middle (of its ventral margin); an obtuse ridge from the clypeus to the antennz along the meson. Parapsidal furrows deep, distinct. Suture between pronotum and scutum distinct. Antennae 13 =jointed with two ring-joints, the club wider than the funicle but not half its length; funicle 1 a third longer than wide, 6 quadrate, longer than the pedicel. Scape not long. Postmarginal vein longer than the marginal, the stigmal long, a little shorter than the marginal. Abdomen flat above, much keeled beneath, smaller than the thorax. Mandibles 3=and 4=dentate. Described from one female in the U. S. National Museum from Banff Springs, Alberta, Can. (E. A. Schwarz). Type: Catalogue No. 20429, U. S. National Museum, the speci- mens on a tag, the head, caudal legs and a fore wing on a slide. Miscogaster flora sp. nov. Female: Length, 2.10 mm. Like abnormicolor but only the caudal tibiae are purple and the blotch on the fore wing does not form a crescent but is a large, oblique marking from the apex of the stigmal vein, its sharp end caudo-proximad; the clypeus is some- what more produced. Funicle 5=jointed. From two females, Jacksonville, Fla. (Ashmead). Types: Catalogue No. 20790 U.S. National Museum, the speci- mens on tags, a head, fore wing and caudal tibie on a slide. 1917] Girault—New Miscellaneous Chalcid-Flies from North America 97 Miscogaster biguttata sp. nov. Female: Length, 2.25 mm. Similar to flora but the legs all white, the fore wings bear two small, rounded spots, one at the apex of the stigmal vein, the other, larger and somewhat quadrate, at the base of the marginal vein. In some males, the proximal spot is absent and there is a narrow, yellow cross-stripe at about apex of proximal fourth. Antenne nearly all yellow. From five males, one female with flora. Types: Catalogue No. 20791, U.S. National Museum, the speci- mens on tags. Megorismus poloni sp. nov. Female: A third smaller than lasioptere Ashmead and differing from that species notably in having the antennze wholly concolor- ous except the bulla; also, as follows: the antennz are inserted somewhat farther ventrad, on a level with the ventral ends of the eyes; the clypeus is stoutly bidentate at the apical meson instead of unidentate, as in the other species; the propodeum is subglabrous and though tricarinate there is not a cross-carina consisting of three ruge which converge at the meson from each side. Segment 2 of abdomen occupying nearly a half of the surface; its caudal margin at meson with a short slit. Lateral carina of propodeum failing just before the cephalic margin. Postmarginal vein more or less subequal to the marginal, longer than the slender stigmal. Protho- rax distinct. Parapsidal furrows complete, shallow. Scutellum with a shallow cross-suture before the apex. Petiole of abdomen ‘quadrate, reticulate, the abdomen conic-ovate, pointed ventrad, about as long as the thorax. Antenne 13-jointed with two ring-joints; funicle 1 a little longer than wide, much shorter than the subelongate pedicel; funicles 2-4 subequal to 1,6 quadrate. Scape long and slender. Tibise at each end yellowish brown. Mandibles 4-dentate. Described from four females from Placer County, California, August (U.S. National Museum). Types: Catalogue No. 20792, U.S. National Museum, the speci- mens, minutien-mounted and a slide bearing a head and caudal tibive. In the species lasiopter~, segment 2 of the abdomen is shorter than in poloni and its caudal margin is entire. 98 Psyche [June Trydymus eneicornis sp. nov. Female: Half the size of robiniecola Ashmead and differing farther in having the antennze wholly metallic green and also the legs except knees, tips of tibiz and tarsi; otherwise the same but the spiracle of the propodeum is smaller and about its own diameter from the cephalic margin. The clypeus at apex is distinctly convexly projected. Valves of ovipositor distinctly shortly ex- truded. First ring-joint extremely short. Pedicel longer than the subquadrate funicle 1. Otherwise as in the named species. Described from one female taken from a plum tree in New York State, May 25, 1888. Type: Catalogue No. 20425, U. S. National Museum, the female on a tag and a slide. Trydymus gargantua sp. nov. Female: Length, 2.30 mm. Like enetcornis but very much larger, a third or more larger than americensis or robiniecola and differing farther as follows: the scape is yellow at extreme base, the pedicel at-apex and beneath, the funicle and club all so except above; the legs are golden yellow except the coxee and the proximal two thirds (less on cephalic femur) of the femur which are metallic; the ovipositor is not at all extruded and the propodeal spiracle is large, oval and at cephalic margin. Pedicel subequal to funicle 1. The same otherwise. The male is similar but the funicle is 6-jointed, the club 2- jointed, funicle 1 shorter. Described from a pair from Ithaca, N. Y. (Cornell University). Types: Catalogue No. 20426, U. 5. National Museum, the pair on tags, male and female antenna and caudal legs on a slide. The clypeal projection is somewhat more prominent in this species. Trydymus poloni sp. nov. Female: Like gargantua but the ovipositor is a little extruded, the legs are golden yellow except most of the middle and all of the caudal coxze, the antennz so except the scape above at distal two thirds, the pedicel above and the funicle joints too, more or less; the projection of the clypeus is not convex but subtruncate; the fovee along the cephalic margin of the propodeum are minute and 1917] Girault—New Species of the Genus Mymar 99 the spiracle is oval and a short distance off the cephalic margin. The same otherwise. Mandibles 4-dentate. Described from one female on a tag in the U.S. National Museum from Franconia, N. H. Type: Catalogue No. 20427, U.S. National Museum, the female on a tag, a caudal leg and the head on a slide. A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MYMAR FROM THE WOODS OF MARYLAND WITH AN IMPORTANT DESCRIPTIVE NOTE. By A. A. Grravu_tt, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Mymar cincinnati sp. nov. Male: Similar to venustum (female type) but the antennz are entirely black, the base of the blade of the fore wing is rather broadly infuscated, there are on the fore wing 43 primary marginal cilia (instead of 34), the midlongitudinal line of discal cilia runs from apex nearly to the base of the blade (instead of into the costal margin, farther from base); and most of the discal cilia of the fore wing are caudad of the midlongitudinal line instead of cephalad as in the other species. Scape long, curved; flagellar joints elongate, subequal, 2 eight times (or more) longer than wide. One male captured by sweeping grass in an open wooded bog, Glenndale, Md., August. Type: Catalogue No. 20468, U. S. National Museum, the speci- men on a slide. Mymar venustum has the caudal wing shaped like a long thick bristle with the hooklets at its apex. In the above new species it is similar but prolonged beyond the hooklets in the form of a hair as long as the part from base to the hooklets and after that length widening into a very linear blade of more than half the length of the hairlike pedicel and which bears a few long marginal cilia caudad. In Mymar, then, the hind wing has a short, very linear blade on a long pedicel while the petiole of the wing (from base to hooklets) is much longer than in the other genera. This blade part of the wing must break off easily and this accounts for 100 Psyche [June its absence in venustum. In the Australian M. tyndalli, the blade- like portion of the caudal wing was absent. Neomymar has normal hind wings except that the petiole is long as in Mymar. i) A METALLIC SPECIES OF CIRROSPILOPSIS FROM MARYLAND (HYMENOPTERA EULOPHID). By A. A. GiravLt, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. The following species resembles a Diaulinopsis but there are no grooves on the scutellum, the caudal tibial spur is single and the club without a distinct apical nipple. Cirrospilopsis metallicus sp. nov. Female: Length, 1.10 mm. Brassy metallic green, the wings hyaline, the legs (except the coxee; apex of first coxe yellow), venation and the antenne (except the scape and pedicel except both at apex), golden yellow. Body densely scaly, the parapsidal furrows distinct, the propodeum moderately short, noncarinate (a median carina subobsolete), the spiracles small, rounded, cepha- lad. Bristles on thorax minute, sparse. Postscutellum rather large. Mandibles 4-dentate, the last two teeth much smaller than the others. Pedicel subequal to funicle 1 which is nearly twice longer than wide, 2 somewhat shorter, the club somewhat longer than the funicle; ring-joints distinct. Middle tibial spur long, slender. Stigmal vein not quite half the length of the marginal, the postmarginal two-thirds the length of the marginal. From two females captured by sweeping in the woods, Glenndale, Md., May 4, 1916. Types: Catalogue No. 20291, U. S. National Museum, the specimens on a tag, a head and two caudal tibie on a slide. 1917] Girault—New Species of Closterocerus 101 A NEW SPECIES OF CLOSTEROCERUS FROM CALI- FORNIA (HYMENOPTERA EULOPHID). By A. A. GIRAULT, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. This new species is characterized by bearing narrow fore wings with rather long apical fringes and a T on the fore wing formed by a long longitudinal stripe from proximad and the first cross- stripe; the letter is on its side, to the right from the upright. Closterocerus tau sp. nov. Female: Length, 0.85 mm. Black metallic blue, the scutum and scutellum lighter blue except marginally, the tarsi white except the distal joint; pronotum conical, light blue discally. Body densely scaly, the propodeum with a median carina only, sub- glabrous. Venation sooty, the very long marginal vein silvery white. Fore wing broadening distad, about thrice longer than wide at its truncate apex, its apical marginal cilia somewhat less than half the greatest width, the discal ciliation absent except on the infuscations; the thick longitudinal stripe originates at caudal margin opposite the base of the marginal vein and runs straight into the middle of the first cross-stripe which is across from the apex of the marginal and all of the post marginal veins (with the stigmal in its middle); first cross-stripe somewhat narrower than the second which is at apex, the hyaline space between them equal to the second cross-stripe. Stigmal and postmarginal veins subequal, not very short, the first at right angles to the marginal. Funicle joints equal, twice wider than long; pedicel very large, longer than the funicle. Mandibles tridentate. Otherwise usual. Wings with two cross-stripes. From one female on a tag in the U. S. National Museum from Inyo County, California. Type: Catalogue No. 20290 U. S. National Museum, the specimen above, the head and a fore wing on a slide. 102 Psyche [June A NEW GENUS OR SUBGENUS OF PACHYNEURINE CHALCID-FLIES. By A. A. GtRavtt, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. Propachyneuronia gen. nov. Based on Enecyrtus siphonophore (Ashmead) of which Pachy- neuron micans Howard, P. aphidivorum Ashmead and Pachy- neuron maidiaphidis Ashmead are synonyms (types examined). The same as Pachyneuron but the antenne bear three ring-joints. The genotype has the clypeus radiate striate but not strongly, acutely produced (a smaller tooth on each side of the clypeus); the propodeum bears a neck and is plane (except for a few foveze along the cephalic margin) with the spiracle small, its own diam- eter from the cephalic margin. Mandibles acutely 4-dentate. Scape metallic, the funicle joints all short. Abdominal petiole transverse, with a tooth from each side. Segment 2 of the abdo- men entire as to its caudal margin, occupying about a third of the surface. Stigmal vein longer than the marginal. 1917] Exchange Column 103 EXCHANGE COLUMN. Notices not to exceed four lines in length concerning exchanges desired of specimens or entomological literature will be inserted free for subscribers, to be run as long as may be deemed advisable by the editors. The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B. Weiss, 272 Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J. Offered for cash, but exchange preferred. Fitch and early Illinois reports; Insect Life; Harris’s Insect; many others.—J. E. Hallinen, Cooperton, Okla. Histeride. North American Histeride identified or unidentified, desired in exchange for beetles of other families. F. G. Carnochan, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Massachusetts. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. I desire specimens of this group from all regions, especially New England. I will give in exchange species of this and other orders (except Lepidoptera), and will identify New England material. Correspondence desired.—H. M. Parshley, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Mass. Wanted: Psyche, Vol. IX, No. 300 (April, 1901). Address, giving price, Libra- rian, Stanford University, Cal. Sarcophagide from all parts of the world bought or exchanged according to arrangement. North American material determined.—R. R. Parker, Entomolog- ical Laboratory, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. Wanted: Transactions American Entomological Soc., Vol. 4; Entomological News, Vol. 2, Nos. 6 and 10; Vol. 8, Nos. 1 and 6; Vol. 9, Nos. 1 and 2; Vol. 10, No. 10; Vol. 11, Nos. 1, 3 and 5. Will purchase at reasonable price.—Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Wanted: Insects of any order from ant nests, with specimens of the host ants, from any part of the world; also Cremastochiline of the world. Will give cash or Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera from the United States—Wm. M. Mann, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Want to correspond with collectors of Noctindae in Northern Massachusetts. Subject to supply will pay any reasonable price for good specimens Catocola Sappho.—Howard L. Clark, P. O. Box 1142, Providence, R. I. Wanted: Old Series Entom., Bul. 1, 2, 3, 33; Technical Series 4, 6, 7; Insect Life, vol, 4-6; Jour. Applied Microscopy I, N. Y. State Entom. Rep. 3, 4; Fitch Rep. 7, 8, 13.—Philip Dowell, Port Richmond, N. Y. Would appreciate receiving date, stage and mode of hibernation of insects of all orders. J. P. Baumberger, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Wanted: Ill. Ent. Rpts. 2, 3, 5, 7. 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 19; Hensham’s List of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, 1895. For Exchange Bulletins and Circulars U. S. Bur. Ent.—J. S. Wade, Wellington, Kan. Ward’s Natural Science Establishmlentt 84-102 College Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Best equipped establishment in the United States for furnishing Entomo- logical Supplies and Specimens Special attention is called to our American Ent. Insect Pins. Hand made Schmitt and other Insect boxes. Cabinets and Exhibition Cases of the finest wor kmanship. Life Histories of Insects of Economic Importance, in Riker Mounts, Pasteboard and Wooden Exhibition Cases, and Preparations in Alcohol. Type, Mimicry and Protective coloration collections. Collections of Household, Garden, Orchard, Forest, and Shade tree pests. Fine specimens representing Seal and Seasonal Dimorphism, and warning colors. Our stock of Exotic Insects is unsurpassed, shipments from our collectors abroad arriving nearly every week. The following lists are sent free on application: 116. Biological material for dissection. 125. Life histories of economic insects. 128. List of living pupae. 129. Exotic Lepidoptera. 130. North American Lepidoptera. 131. Exotic Coleoptera. 132. North American Coleoptera. 143. Type, Mimicry, etc., collections. 145. List of Pest collections. 147. List of Butterflies for trays and decorative work. C-30. Catalogue of Entomological supplies. Amer. Ent. Co. price list of Lepidoptera. 80 pages. Price 25c. Free to our customers. New illustrated catalogue of Insects in preparation. Will be ready for dis- tribution in about two months. Ward’s Natural Science Establishment Por CHE A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ESTABLISHED IN 1874 VOL sXOCEN, AU CUST, 1017 NUMBER 4 ‘ Prodryas persephone Scudder. CONTENTS. Eight New Mallophaga of the Genus Lipeurus from North American Binds# he AmeIViCGncoot a £0 cca oe hot bore ah aed, LOD Notes on Some New Species of the Genus Dioctria (Asilide). Nathan OIC Ue aA TRE ELL DU ade ke ences) chal tae cate oars ae LD, WNewasocial bees \ fra Ac Cockerell 3. PUY so 8 Oe a oc 20 Synoptic Keys to the Lygeide (Hemiptera) of the United States. ihe Gr SES CSET We Mie eT Mn oN ee Me LT, a Dat) idee op ae WE me RS CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. OFFICERS FOR 1917. President Wyn yo bane aioe eda aioe aati Rae rs CC, ENT OMOEE AINE Vice=president™ = 5% hs eae S. W. DENTON. Secretary Ainge PMR a on eng oe 3 H. M. ParsHuey. Treasurer a 2 & ra eee H. A. PREsTON. Executive Committee A. F. Burasss, F. W. Dona, R. W. GLAsmr. EDITORIAL BOARD OF PSYCHE. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. C. T. Bruzs, Harvard University. ASSISTANT EDITOR. W. M. Mann, Harvard University. ASSOCIATE EDITORS. C. W. JOHNSON, V. L: KeLioce, Boston Society of Natural History. Stanford University. A. L. MELANDER, A. P. Mors, Washington State College. Wellesley College. J. H. EMERTON, J. G. NEEDHAM, Boston, Mass. Cornell University. W. M. WHEELER, Harvard University. Psycue is published bi-monthly, the issues appearing in February, April, June, August, October and December. Subscription price, per year, payable in advance: $1.50 to subscribers in the United States, Canada or Mexico; foreign postage 15 cents extra. Single copies, 35 cents. Cheques and remittances should be addressed to H. A. Preston, 17 East Highland Ave., Melrose Highlands, Mass. Orders for back volumes, missing numbers, notices of change of address, etc., should be sent to Dr. W. M. Mann, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS. Manuscripts intended for publication, bodha intended for review, and other editorial matter should be addressed to eo C. T. Brusrs, Bussey Institution, Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. Authors contributing articles over 8 printed pages in length will be required to bear a part of the extra expense for additional pages. This expense wil! be that of typesetting only, which is about one dollar per page. The actual cost of preparing cuts for all illustrations must be borne by contributors; the expense for full page plates from line drawings is approximately $2.40 each, and for full page half-tones $3.60 each, smaller sizes in proportion. REPRINTS OF ARTICLES CAN BE SUPPLIED AT THE FOLLOWING RATES: Number _50 copies 100 copies 50 copies 100 copies of pages without covers without covers with covers with covers 1-4 $1.50 $2.50 $3.50 $4.50 5-8 3.50 5.80 5.50 7.80 | 9-12 4.25 7.05 6.25 9.05 | 13-16 | 4.75 7.90 6.75 9.90 No reduction can be made for less than 50 copies. Mean e@) ats VOL. XXIV AUGUST, 1917 No. 4 EIGHT NEW MALLOPHAGA OF THE GENUS LIPEURUS FROM NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. By E. A. McGrecor, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. De ten) Lipeurus brevicephalus sp. nov. Two females, two males, and two immature individuals (Mc- Gregor No. 101, Washburn No. 166) from sand-hill crane (Grus mexicana), western.Minnesota, April 15, 1894. . This species is nearest L. hebreus N. (from Grus cinera and G. pavonina) from which it is very distinct. It also superficially resembles LZ. toxoceros N. which is from an entirely different host. Description of Male. 'Total length, 4.76 mm.; length of head, 1.045 mm.; length of prothorax, .357 mm.; length of metathorax, .797 mm.; length of abdomen, 2.585 mm.; width of head across temples, .907 mm.; width of prothorax, .660 mm.; width of meta- thorax, .962 mm.; width of abdomen, .990. Head slightly longer than wide, rather abruptly narrowed ante- riorly, with a truncate frontal margin, antennal sinuses very shallow, temples some what rounding, eyes strongly projecting, hindhead widest half way between the eyes and the posterior angles, occipital margin strongly concave, four long marginal hairs and two short ones before the antennal angle, a prickle arises from the eye, one longish hair and five prickles on the temporal margin, and a pair of prickles arise dorsally from the forehead; head pale, antennal bands arise just before the antennz and are lost in the colored areas which extend laterally from the mandibles, but reappear as narrow borders behind the eyes. What appear to be faint occipital bands extend toward the bases of the mandibles. Antenne with segment 1 greatly swollen and equal to all the other segments; segment 3 with a dorsal, distal appendage and with a dorsal, proximal, annulated gland. 106 Psyche [August Thorax one-fifth longer than wide. Prothorax trapezoidal, with posterior margin nearly straight. A weak spine at the pos- terior lateral angle. Metathorax at first converges slightly and then widens to the abdomen; posterior margin twice weakly con- cave forming a weak median angle; a series of five long hairs in the posterior angles, and on each side between the latter and the middle a series of four similar hairs; central and hind portion of prothorax and central portion of metathorax yellow-amber col- ored. Legs ample, yellowish, pale margined. Abdomen slender, elongate, slightly widening to segment 5, then tapering gradually to segment 9; segment 1 conspicuously shorter than the others; segments 2 to 8 with transparent lateral plates immediately within which occur longitudinal bands of darker color; general color pale amber. Segment 2 with a short spine at the posterior angles; segment 3 with three similar spines at the posterior angles; segment 4 with a spine and a longer hair at the posterior angles; segment 5 with one long and two shorter hairs at angles; segment 6 with three shortish hairs at angles; segment 7 with three longish hairs at angles; segment 8 with two longish hairs at the posterior lateral angles, one just within the lateral plate, and four along the posterior border; segment 9 very deeply notched, forming a pair of terminal claw-like appendages at the inner borders of which near the base are a pair of shortish hairs, while a series of six short hairs occur laterally thereon. Type: Catalogue No. 21369, U. S. Nat. Museum. Lipeurus crotophage sp. nov. One female (Bishopp No. 916) from groove-billed ani (Croto- phaga sulcirostris), Victoria, Mexico, December 10, 1909, collector F. C. Bishopp. Not much resembling Z. macgragori Kell. from same host, but probably nearest LZ. variegatus Neumann and L. picturatus Kell. The present species is very distinct from all of these. Description of Female. ‘Total length, 1.44 mm.; length of head, 455 mm.; length of prothorax, .104 mm.; length of metathorax, .182 mm.; length of abdomen, .832 mm.; width of head, .429 mm.; width of prothorax, .260 mm.; width of metathorax, .364 mm.; width of abdomen, .598 mm. Head roughly pentagonal, a trifle longer than wide, converging 1917] McGregor—Eight New Mallophaga of the Genus Lipeurus 107 abruptly to a narrow frontal margin bordered on each side by two shortish hairs. Between the trabecule, which are quite promi- nent, and the frontal border five prickles arise. Antennal sinuses hardly noticeable. Ocular projections barely discernible; ocular fleck conspicuous. Temple margins diverge slightly posteriorly to the squarish angles which bear a strong spine; a prickle arises from the eye, and two from the temples. Occipital margin almost straight, but with a weak median convexity. Antennal bands clearest just before the antennx, paling anteriorly and separated at front by the large, median, dark-bordered clear area which ex- tends back to the mandibles. Temples narrowly margined by blackish borders. Faint bands running backward from the tra- beculee and the mandibles unite posteriorly to form a W-shaped figure. A diamond-shaped occipital signature. Antenne con- ventional. Thorax one-fourth wider than long, prothorax rectangular with very slightly convex posterior margin. A short spine at each posterior lateral angle. Smoky-amber color with a median clear area, and with narrow, dark, underlying bands. Metathorax pentagonal, sides diverging strongly to the angulated posterior margin. A strong postulated spine at the lateral posterior angle, and four long, postulated hairs along each lateral third of the hind border. Color smoky-brown, with a median, vase-shaped, clear area. Legs smoky banded. Abdomen widely elliptical, widest on the fourth segment. Gen- eral color hyaline with a dorsal series of paired, sub-quadrate, brownish plates, and with lateral plates of slightly darker color on segments 2 to 7 inclusive; the dorsal plates on segment 1 larger and darker than others. Marginal hairs at posterior lateral angles as follows: ‘Two weak hairs on segment 3, two longer ones on seg- ment 4, two long hairs on each of segments 5, 6, 7 and 9, one long hair on segment 8. A median pair of long spines on segments 1 to 8 inclusive. A pair of weak terminal hairs. Segmental sutures mostly invisible. Type: Catalogue No. 21363, U.S. Nat. Mus. Lipeurus mississippiensis sp. nov. One female (Bishop No. 4053) from flicker, Hamburg, Miss., December 24, 1914, coll. W. E. Dove. 108 Psyche [August This conspicuously marked species is nearest L. snodgrassi Kell. (of humming-bird) and L. stramineus Denny (of woodpecker), but from both of these our species is very distinct. Description of Female. Total length, 1.62 mm.; length of head, 477 mm.; length of prothorax, .108 mm.; length of metathorax -162 mm.; length of abdomen, .882 mm.;, width of head across temples, .342 mm.; width of prothorax, .270 mm.; width of meta- thorax, .360 mm.; width of abdomen, .432 mm. Head fully a third longer than wide, rhombic-rectangular in outline, forehead slightly narrowed to the wide, rounded front, temples converging rotundately to the very slightly concave occi- put. Antennal sinuses rather shallow. Trabeculee quite promi- nent. Ocular projections not very noticeable. Antennal bands extremely conspicuous as wide, dark areas bordering the forehead, but paling anteriorly and interrupted across the frontal margin by the large, quadrilateral, clear area before the mandibles; con- tinuing paler around the antennal bases to the temporal marginal bands which are as dark as the antennal bands but somewhat narrower; both of these bands are bordered inwardly by conspicu- ous pustulations. Occipital border without color. Backward pointing bars resembling occipital bands extend from the antennal bands part way to the occiput. An obelisk-shaped occipital signa- ture plainly visible. A strong hair at each angle of the frontal border, two shorter hairs before each trabecula, a prickle on the eye, two long hairs on the hind portion of temples, a pair of prickles dorsally on the forehead, and a similar pair dorsally between the eyes. Excepting the antennal, temporal and occipital bands, the mandibles, the cesophageal sclerite and the occipital signature, and the smoky temples, the head color is transparent. Antennze normal, segments 1, 3, 4 and 5 smoky banded. Thorax one-third again as wide as long. Prothorax rectangular with front and hind margins almost straight. A strong hair at each posterior lateral angle. Wide, dark, submarginal bands extending nearly to occipital signature, within which are underlying smoky areas, separated by a median clear area. Metathorax quite strongly diverging to the twice weakly emarginated pos- terior border. A strong and a weak spine at each angle, and a transverse series of twelve long hairs along the hind margin. In- ward curving, black, submarginal bands, further bordered by Psycur, 1917. Von. XOMVe Prarie Vie McGrecor—Mallophaga of the Genus Lipeurus. 1917] McGregor—Eight New Mallophaga of the Genus Lipeurus 109 dark-brown which involves the entire segment excepting a central, clear, urn-shaped area. Legs conventional, pitchy bordered. Abdomen clavate, widest on the fifth segment. Segments 1 to 7 each with black, lateral plates which reach well into the segment ahead, and with wide, brown, blotches within the plates with deeply indented inner margins. Segments 4 and 5 each with a faint central blotch, and a T-shaped blotch involving segments 6 to 9 inclusive. The posterior lateral angles of segments 3 to 7 supplied with hairs as follows: Segment 3, a weak prickle; segment 4, a prickle and a long hair; segment 5, two long hairs; segment 6, two long hairs; segment 7, a short and a long hair. Segment 8 with a long hair at middle of lateral margin; segment 9 with a terminal fringe of 14 long hairs; segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 with a long hair arising just within the head of the lateral plate; segments 1 to 7 inclusive with dorsal transverse spines as follows: Segment 1, four; segment 2, two; segment 3, two; segment 4, four; segment 5, five; segment 6, three; segment 7, four. Type: Catalogue No. 21368, U.S. Nat. Mus. : t 3 Lipeurus texanus n. sp. One female (Bishopp No. 3244) from meadow lark, Gainesville, Texas, November 26, 1915, coll. F.C. Bishopp, and one immature individual (Bishopp No. 4015) from turtle dove, Uvalde, Texas, November 20, 1914, coll. Parman & Bishopp. This species is nearest L. baculus N., from which it is very dis- tinct as follows: Occipital margin of head, general shape and Drawings by the author. Made through use of camera lucida with little attempt to restore symmetry. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Plate V. Fig. 1. Female of Lipeurus mississippiensis sp. nov. 2. Male of Lipeurus brevicephalus sp. nov. 3. Left leg II of male of Lipeurus brevicephalus sp. nov. (viewed ventrally). 4. Female of Lipeurus crotophage@ sp. nov. 5. Right leg III of female of Lipeurus mississippiensis sp. nov. (viewed ventrally). 110 Psyche [August posterior margin of metathorax, outline of abdomen, and peculiar abdominal lateral plates. Description of Female. Total length, 1.55 mm.; length of head, 466 mm.; length of prothorax, .095 mm.; length of metathorax, .206 mm.; length of abdomen, .784 mm.; width of head across temples, .286 mm.; width of prothorax, .191 mm.; width of meta- thorax, .244 mm.; width of abdomen, .339 mm. Head flat-iron shaped, five-eighths again as long as wide, fore- head rather quickly narrowed to the narrowly truncate front which bears at each side a clavate appendage and a hair of equal length. ‘Temporal borders sub-parallel; occipital margin nearly straight. Antennal sinuses rather shallow. Trabecule quite prominent. Ocular projections missing. Antennal bands extend from the clavate appendages to the ocular flecks, interrupted by the con- spicuous clypeal sutures and again by the inward-pointing hyaline bars arising at the trabecule. Temples narrowly margined with brownish. Occiput with a thickened, clear border. Clypeus clearly demarked by the forward-angulated suture, and split by a median suture. Temples pale amber. A large, pale, irregular shaped occipital signature. General color very pale. A hair at the clypeal suture, two before the trabeculze, one at hind angle of antennal sinuses, one on hind third of temples. Antenne reaching behind occipital border. faintly margined and banded. Thorax about one-quarter as long as broad. Prothorax lenticu- lar with weakly convex anterior and posterior borders, bisected faintly by a median clear bar which also bisects the metathorax. Bordered laterally by a pale margin. A weak spine at the pos- terior lateral angles. Metathorax pentagonal, the posterior mar- gin strongly angulated on the first abdominal segment. Three long, pustulated hairs at the lateral angles. Like the prothorax, the general color is pale amber with colorless lateral borders. Legs rather small, pale. Abdomen clavate, widest on the fourth segment. Posterior lateral angles of segments 2 to 8 with hairs as follows: Segment 2, a prickle; segment 3, a short spine; segment 4, a strong spine; segment 5, a long hair; segment 6, two long hairs; segment 7, two long hairs; segment 8, a short hair. Segment 9 has four short hairs and two prickles. Segments 1 to 8 inclusive are provided 1917] McGregor—Eight New Mallophaga of the Genus Lipeurus lil laterally with large rectangular sclerites, and segments 1 to 7 have in addition a narrow, brownish, lateral plate. Type: Catalogue No. 21366. U.S. Nat. Mus. Lipeurus bishoppi sp. nov. Four males and one female (Bishopp No. 4995) from domestic geese, Hamburg, Miss., December 3, 1915, coll. W. E. Dove. This species is probably nearest L. temporalis N., of the mer- ganser, and it also bears some resemblance to L. squalidus N., of ducks, and to L. constrictus Kell., of scoters. Description of Male. Total length, 3.05 mm.; length of head, .664 mm.; length of prothorax, .186 mm.; length of metathorax, 431 mm.; length of abdomen, 1.771 mm.; width of head between eyes, .442 mm.; width of prothorax, .326 mm.; width of meta- thorax, .431 mm.; width of abdomen, .524 mm. Head just half again as long as wide, forehead converging to the sharply rounding front, antennal sinuses shallow, trabeculee rather prominent, ocular flecks lacking, temples converging from the eyes to the concave occiput. Six heavy spines along the lateral half of the front and anterior half of forehead, the third of which is heaviest; a short hair before trabecular, a hair on the eye, four prickles along the temples and a long hair on the hind third of same. Antennal bands occur as thin, hyaline borders which before the trabecule give off a short, swollen, posterior-directed bar, and at the hind border of the antennal sinuses sends off a similar, inward-pointing bar, general color pale, smoky amber. Antenne strong, reaching to the middle of the prothorax, seg- ment 3 with a strongly developed hooked process. Thorax three-sevenths again as long as wide. Prothorax rec- tangular, front margin quite strongly convex, hind margin weakly convex. Narrow, brownish, submarginal bands curve backward and inward, nearly meeting on the median line; coxal markings showing faintly through; general color pale amber.