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SEROUS yeh SNe BASHA valde an one ‘1 CALL shines Hi TUS ivianraiva Mat ) ita Saat Ae : t* ‘ ") Dee a : , Vy “yy ; y ‘i shah? debe te ay Bt AY ho ree teh “ey rn’ ‘ : ayes oe Let Hohl yyy vy vas A AY H e ay i) aa ys RTT hee ' B4.9% HU ; "i Laer) Niet ‘ , i ri Yh BRENT, ne . oi Verney eAehey Bee Whe ’ erent) s hy, ha iy Ny wh i A iY rn a wh pure 4 te i a) ’ Shy be vbave: ) nat Sy yey 3 O y ‘ Noa Vem Whig} HV an ey Vora \ EN W ‘ LA Aue Wy XH , ‘ a 4S ENR RT neo cana SOREN Le aa HUY nt Wee Ay DAES yh VPN YRS ia) % if » Sas st i eee ay ay tia hee 4 teins on Hiya) Valet tts ¥ i Meal y yyy tye we AO Baal teastt MAK OS MIM IRA RSTEE SERRE HN ECTULA EAN weit Vs Satsang VON MSM } H ah ‘ » . yoy Wye ne RNC MAIER Ne \ Sith siting ida aia iss TB vy i : VV vp te rb hi ANS AER PTC tebe CaO MAT EAU any vy \ eye yh " f Wey eH yy ! 4 ' wary AY pints * ' Woe e f J AEE ee AUC yey vy t mote eed ete \ Ss yy sad AO Se ) AY} CH AMR ei ' AN yin) y wie ay) \ ina Pee Spare. eA Ses iy ' ‘ Was da le ie r Porte enone Als Va erty PETS iy Yas tes ee Rae yal yed ae t ete ay . eid y J i Per ae i wat! i ‘ ; bea ei bba ddd ‘ Bs . Vad Y ' ' m4 7 orn t ‘ \ ' ‘ ) 3 age nd) ae Pi * ‘ ne td Pays - eer cer t 29-8 vee ee) a Te dh 1 AI ede Bde at , _ epider baled ‘ eric id std ble piretiaie ‘ veel ts i? Aivh tba a4 i Aa ould ‘ gee baw Se Ny edi Wir ee | P PEN OTN Ren RL: J ¢ erie wae OL F ha Bed FMI Wd ‘ ‘ “ 3 aie sas, Phe a Pea “ ’ ‘ ‘ i 4 te “ a savedtal re te ‘ on brpue 1 7 ' we einer 7 bal ’ i pte + ‘ Rl race oar NB) Pere Oe 1 dew ’ 4 ROR Ry taps - Aaa wit} ‘Vf sae “9 ie y at ‘ ‘ aa fea ‘ 5 Bee Ppt AARNE heme Ble URN) a pene vip’ wae ieee aire hg By dd he eb ada ae ge ‘ a eee eee) , . soe edule at ere Et " ey tobe bad ade dy Fi ya arts Beta we ene wha i a bid “ aia te he va jar gees a! de de gad ee ted 4 aad au arte a Ny vee Te hae i v c oe ia vals ee Lao ‘ wes ve . ne Pt § : ae int a Ad r 4) eae) ded LAA TREK fi i ees x) ie ead thet Ay iv o Pay Ti. Peo howe ALS OF BEN LrOMOLDOG Y :- [Established in 1874. ] VOLUME 6. 1891-1893. CamBripGE, Mass., U.S. A. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 1893. CONPENTS: ALDRICH, J. M. A new genus and species of Tabanidae. Figures The dolichopodid genus Liancalus Loew ASHMEAD, WILLIAM Harris. Three new Pambolids on ihe United States On the species of the genus Mirax found in North America BANKS, NATHAN. A new American Lacinius BEAN, THomas E. Arctia yarrowii in Canada BEUTENMULLER, WILLIAM. sae eas of the larva os pupa Ge Scotobates dailea- ratus Fabr. Description of the preneratone stages of Callosazak padtietives rary BLANCHARD, FREDERICK. On an aoe character, hitherto little noticed, in the family Buprestidae : : BLATCHLEY, W.S. An unusual Aster ae mehistocerea americana CHoLopkowsky, N. The morphology and phylogeny of insects. CLARKE, Cora H. Caddis-worms of Stony Brook. Figures CocKERELL, THoMAS D. A. Brief notes on two Jamaica Papilionidae Early stages of two Jamaica Nymphalidae Two new forms of Diaspinae DouertTy, W. Green butterflies. 5 c e Dyar, HARRISON G. Descriptions of the prepamatony stages oft two formas of Geran cinerea Walk c : Preparatory stages of Eee eaeuear a iatenloe Pace Notes on Bombycid larvae c . I1O-112: 145- a : A list of the Bombyces found in the lect ic- light eee at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. On the specific distinctness of Halisidota harrisii, with notes on the preparatory stages of the species of Halisidota inhabiting New York Preparatory stages of Pheosia dimidiata H. S. Choice of food A correction Life history of Oreyia cana pity. Bie Dryocampa riversii Behr The larva of Nola minuscula The larva of Sarrothripa reveyana 2 Notes on Cerura, with descriptions of new species Cerura modesta Additional notes on Howby rcid acne The number of larval stages in the genus ieadats 53 465-466 404-405 153-158 450 481-482 571-573 68 80-83 95-96 177-179 126-129 162-166 194-196 196 197 203-205 Fs) 248-249 259-260 290-292 293 323-326 337-349 Dyar, H.G. (Cont.) Preparatory stages of Pheosia portlandia Hy. Edw. 0 : 351-353 Preparatory stages of Clisiocampa erosa Stretch . > : : 9 : : 364-365 Notes on the larval stages of Arctia blakei Grote . : ; 4 : ; F 379-381 The larval stages of Ichthyura multnoma Dyar . : - ; 403-404 Orgyia badia and other notes, with a table to separate ne larvae a Ouse - 419-421 Additions to the list of Bombyces at Poughkeepsie. Figures. . : : 479-480 A description of the larva of a species of the lintneri group of Gluphisia_. : 503-504 On variation in the venation of an Arctian with notes on other allied genera. Plate 79 5 : . c : : , , : : : : ; ; 51-512 Notes on Gluphisia . : : . : : : : : : : : 3 529-530 A-correction . 5 : : ¢ : ; - 2 556 A note on the larva ee Dene Moiidana Cie? : : ‘ : : : : ; 573 ExioT, IDA M. and SouLE, CAROLINE G. Smerinthusastylus . : : 2 : : 31 Hemaris diffinis : c : 0 : 5 5 : 3 : é 5 < 142-145 FORBES, STEPHEN ALFRED. Experiments with chinch-bugs. . 5 : - 250 - Fox, WILLIAM JOSEPH. Synopsis of the North American species of Mepecilicee Smith 421-422 Descriptions of new aculeate Hymenoptera. : : : : 553-556 FRENCH, GEORGE HAZEN. The partial preparatory stages of Heteeopacha niles ere Harvey. 3 : : : é : : : : . : 5 5 ‘ - 30-31 GARMAN, H. On the life history of Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv. Figures . 28-30: 44-49 Oebalus pugnax an enemy of grasses. 3 : : 4 5 : : : ‘ 61 A supplementary note on Diabrotica 12-punctata . : 5 2 : : é . 78-80 On a singular gland possessed by the male Hadenoecus subterraneus. Figure . : 105 American Phytoptocecidii. Plate 6 : : : : : : : . : 241-246 Hampson, G. F. Theclick of Ageronia. Figure. : ‘ é A : Or HAMILTON, JOHN. The new catalogue of European Goleapeers : : : : 147-148 HAMILTON, JOHNand HENSHAW, SAMUEL. A list of some of the catalogues and local lists of North American Coleoptera. c : : : 160-162: 188-193: 205-209 HENSHAW, SAMUEL. Bibliographical notes . : . 180: 293: 440-441: 557 Hoop, Lewis E. The Leptidae and Bombylidae of me White Mountains : : 283-284 Heraclides cresphontes. : 2 : : > : 5 : : : : 5 By HOLLAND, WILLIAM JOSEPH. Descriptions of new West African Lycaenidae; Paper II. 50-53 The life history of Spalgis s-signata Holl. Plate 4 c : . : : - 201-203 Notes upon the transformations of some African Lepidoptera. Plate 5 : : 213-216 Descriptions of new species and genera of West African we Plates ro, 17, 18, 20, 21; Figures : 5 : : 373-376: 393- 400: 411-418: 431-434: 451-454: 469- 476: 487-490: 513- 520: 531-538: 549-552: 565-568 Communal cocoons and the moths which weave them. Plateg . . : : 385-391 Hyarr, ALPpHeusand ARMs, JENNIE Maria. A novel diagrammatic representation of the orders of insects. Platez. Figures . : : : : : : II-41 A general survey of the modes of development in insects, and fer meaning . 37-43 JAcK, JoHN GeorGrE. Notes on three species of Hylotoma 5 ; : ; : “IO-11 LuGcGeEr, Otro. Two new lepidopterous borers. Plate 3? 108-109 McNEILL, JEROME. A list of the Orthoptera of Illinois . s 3-9: 21-27: 62-66: 73-78 MERRIFIELD, FREDERIC. Temperature experiments with moths 148-149 Temperature experiments : ‘ 196 Morse, ALBERT Pitts. A melanistic locust : : : 401-402 A new species of Stenobothrus from Connecticut, with remarks on ether Neon England species. Figures 477-479 PACKARD, ALPHEUS SPRING. The Bombycine genus Lagoa, type of a new family. 281-282 Notes on the nesting habits of certain bees ° . : : C : : 340-341 Notes on Gluphisia and other Notodontidae . . ; : : : 499-502: 521-522 PATTON, WILLIAM HAMPTON. Synonymy of butterfly parasites 261 S., S. H. Early appearance of Anosia plexippus : : ; 491-492 Bconban: SAMUEL HuBBARD. More damage by white ants in New England 15-16 Lestes eurinus Say : ; : 66 A decade of monstrous beetles. Plate 2 89-93 Oeneis and its early stages : 99-100 Some of the early stages of Zerene catenaria 124-126 Experiments with alpine butterflies 129-130 The early stages of three Coleoptera : : ; 3 : : : 173-175 The Orthopteran genus Hippiscus 5 : : . 265-274: Hee 288: 301- 304 : 317-3203; 333-336: 347-350: 359-363 Some notes on the early stages, especially the chrysalis, of a few American Sphingidae : : SHarP, Davip. Mould in cabinets : Supp, J. W. An undescribed species of Vespa : ‘ . ‘ : SLINGERLAND, MARK VERNON. Some observations upon two species a Bruchus. Plate 16 : : : : : Snow, FrRANcIis H. Bcperineute for ine aestritiion ee cnineh bugs by fafcios SouLe, CAROLINE G. The march of Hyperchiria io Harrisimemna trisignata : : Full grown larva and pupa of Deidamia ‘ase¥ipta On the food-habit of Telea polyphemus A moulting-habit of larvae of Platysamia ceanothi Some abnormal larvae Another Deidamia inscripta Halisidota caryae Food plants; choice of food Heteropacha rileyana Nadata gibbosa : : The early stages of Nerice Hidentata Tardy wing-expansion in Callosamia Notes Tutt, J. W. Vanessa milberti, a correction 435-437 461 450 445-449 225-233 15 53-54 I16-117 117 133 149 149-150 158-160 166 193-194 197 276-277 595 530 441 TowNSEND, CHARLES HENRY TYLER. Two new Tachinids A new Simulium from southern New Mexico A parasite of the fall web-worm Note on Phorocera promiscua A tachinid parasite of the oak unicorn prominent Description of a Sarcophaga bred from Helix A new genus of Tachinidae ; , Tachinid parasite of Eucaterva variaria Gite and other notes An Aporia bred from Limacodes sp. 3 : 0 ; Description of Oestrid larvae taken from the Jack- rabbit and Coton tail Introduction to Brauer and yon Bergenstamm’s Vorarbeiten zu einer Mono- graphie der Muscaria Schizometopa_. : - : : 4 : 313-316: Oviposition of a homopterous insect in Yucca : . An interesting blood-sucking gnat of the family Gironomniaes Plate § Description of a new and teresting Phasiid-like genus of Tachinidae, s. str. Description of the pupa of Toxophora virgata O. S. Note on Atropharista jurinoides Hosts of North American Tachinidae, etc., I. A cabbage-like cecidomyiidous gall on Bieclovid Note on Dr. Williston’s criticisms A cock’s-comb gall on Rhus microphylla On a fleshy leaf-gall on scrub-oak f Note on a scutellerid on native tobacco in Arizona Van Duzee, Epwarp P. The North American Jassidae allied to Thamnotettix WALSINGHAM, Lord. Protection by conspicuous colors 5 WEED, CLARENCE Moores. A preliminary synopsis of the eee epics (Pha- langiidae) of Mississippi. Plates 17-15 : WHEELER, WILLIAM Morton. Hemidiptera haeckelii The embryology of a common fly The germ band of insects Concerning the blood-tissue of the Tasecta: IMIR Pe ; 216-220: 233-236: 329-332 353-354 369-371 4205130 tomo 461 466-468 49 Te 5045595 SI) 547-548 305-310 67 425-429 66-67 97-99 112-115 253-258 The primitive number of Malpighian vessels in insects. Figures. 457-460: 485-486: 497- 498: 509-510: 539-541: 545-547: WicKHAM, HENRY FREDERICK. Notes on some myrmecophilous Coleoptera On the attraction of light for the two sexes of Coleoptera WILLIAMS, J. Lawron. Clouds of insects WILLISTON, SAMUEL WENDELL. A merited honor Notes on Tachinidae Atropharista jurinoides 5 : : : 5 5 : : : WoopworTH, CHARLES WILLIAM. On the relation between scientific and econo- mic entomology 561-564 321-323 391-392 180-181 : 346 409-410 492 12-19 UNSIGNED ARTICLES. A NEw INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY - Z : : : . : ‘ 14 RECENT ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS (Buckton’s British Cicadae; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; Kirby’s Catalogue of Odonata) 14-15 ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTEs (Novitates lepidopterologicae; Vanessa mielbertd in Eng- land; Dr. C. Berg, 16. Marine insects; Dr. Weed’s appointment, 27. Kolbe’s Introduction; the oldest phryganid; eggs of Lycaenidae, 32-33. Mr. C. P. Gillette; New England spiders; classification of Diptera; trans- formations of Coleoptera; l’Abeille, 54. Lowne’s Anatomy of the blow-fly; reported death of Kiinckel d’Herculais; distribution of Vanessa carduz, 100- 101; Maynard’s Manual of N. A. butterflies; a Cincinnati boy in the tropics; the reported death of Kiinckel, 133-134. Monograph of the Conocepha- linae; larva of Micropteryx; hermaphroditic Arthropoda, 150. Announce- ments; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica, 166. Prize for essay on insect pests; insect appreciation of insect song, 181-182. Catalogue of Elateridae; two interesting papers; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; genera of Aeschnidae; new trap door spider; Macrolepidoptera of Buffalo; new works upon British insects; Kolbe’s Introduction; October meeting of the Entomological society of London, 197-198. Reprint of vol. 1 of Psyche; Labrador insects; Sharp eyes; amber insects; Gundlach’s Entomologia cubana; new list of American Lepidoptera, 209. Pieris rapae engaged in a new kind of sport; the gypsy moth; the amber museum of Stantien and Becker, 237-238. The gypsy moth; biology of the Chalcididae; Goniops,—a correction, 246. A study of California butterflies, 260. Henry Edwards’s entomological collection; cole- opterous fauna of the Ecuadorian Andes; formation of new colonies and nests by New Zealand ants, 261. Psyche; protective resemblance; new Classifica- tion of the Acaroidea; Kolbe’s introduction to entomology; Schatz and Rober’s Families and genera of butterflies ; visits of insects to flowers; destroy- ing the chinch bug in the field; cecidomyian galls; insects of New York, 277-278. Hudson’s New Zealand entomology; Lowne’s Blow-fly; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; a prize in economic entomology; Heraclides cresphontes in Massachusetts, 294. Insects of Custer Co., Colo.; Ofomala brachyptera; Riley’s Directions for preserving insects; Oenezs semztdea; Memorial to H. W. Bates; Riley’s recent papers; Fasontades glaucus; Kirby’s Catalogue of moths and Text book; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; Gundlach’s Cuban Orthoptera; a correction, 341-342. A new catalogue of Hemiptera; the illness of Dr. Hagen; enumeration of Iowa insects; the young of mole- crickets; Humbert’s posthumous work on Myriapoda, 365-366. Development of the head of Chironomus; Edwards on Chionobas; a catalogue of Hymen- optera; strange egg of a Reduviid; Marx’s American spiders; Latrodectus formidabilis; a fragment of a manual of our butterflies; Casey on Rhyncho- phora; a new index, 381-382. Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; Osten Sacken’s classification of Diptera orthorrhapha; Distant’s Oriental Cicadidae; Wash- ington entomology, 405-406. Brongniart succeeds Lucas; death of Speyer; Kolbe’s Introduction, 410. Explanation of plate 10; mouth parts of Apio- ceridae; New York insect galls; anatomy of Orthoptera, 422. Kolbe’s Intro- duction; defensive odor in a caterpillar; Alaskan Coleoptera; Gryllidae of Indiana; a blind cavernicolous cockroach; Comstock’s classification of the Lepidoptera; new iconographs of Lepidoptera; dates of issue of Psyche, 441-442. Spiders of Indo-Malesia; North American Neuroptera; phylogeny of butterflies, 460. Insect embryology; revision of the system of Orthoptera ; list of Nebraska Orthoptera; exchange of places of Messrs. Townsend and Cockerell; the new catalogue of Hemiptera; two new works on butterflies ; honors to entomologists; explanation of plates 17-18; correction, 492-493. Insect paratism; stridulation in ants; West Virginia Scolytidae; reissue of Hiibner’s Exotic butterflies, 505. The seventeen-year locust; the ‘‘genuine oestrid larva” of the box turtle; Mr. J. M. Aldrich; recent publications, 524- 525. Kolbe’s Introduction; Weismann on ants, white ants in the Cambridge botanic garden ;Cuterebra fontinella, 541). PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB (Election of officers; exhibitions, 16. President’s address; exhibitions; early stages of Odonata; Ixodes; retractile organs in Craesus; Atractocerus braziliensis; distribution of Odonata; early stages of Blepharocera; various notes on Neuroptera; Typhlocybidae; cut-worms, 33-34. Subsegments of butterfly larvae; cocoon in Oeneis; Sphingidae, 54. Axthocharis genutia; larva of Lagoa; election of officers; leaf cutting ant; suspension in chrysalis of Thais; Pvercs oleracea and P. napt, 69-70. Exhibitions; Hypochilus, 86. Injury by Otio- rhynchus; Saturuza zo; copulatory organs of Agalena; fossil insect locali- ties in the West; milk-weed butterfly; muscardine; Ocnerza dispar ; fossil butterflies, tor-1o2. Anax; fossil plant-lice; election of officers, 118. Books for beginners; injury to wooden water-pipes, 134. Fossil insects; Meonym- pha canthus; Platyblemmus; Pteromalus, 150. Exhibitions, 166. Injury by white ants; insects in stomachs of woodpeckers, 182. Zopherus; monstrosi- ties, 198. Variation in Bryodema tuberculata; New England Attidae; Aphodius pumtlus ; election of officers; young larvae of Oeneis, 210. Celia; Amblychetla piccolomint?, 238. Melanoplus minor; \arval filaments in Anosia; development of Oeneis semidea; exhibitions, 250. Election of officers; capture of Orthoptera; exhibitions; ink from butterfly scales; the genus Hippiscus; red larvae on snow, 261-262. Corethra, 294. Origin of ant-fauna of Europe; Pelectnus polycerator; species of Colias; 300. Aztho- master leonardus; Callidryas eubule, 366. North American Phasmidae; earliest occurrence of injurious beetles, 372. Embryonic and paleozoic Phasmidae compared; malformations in embryo Dissosteira; exhibition of specimens, 406. Officers for 1892, 410. Change of by-laws; Melanoplus atlanis; Metrypa in the United States; illustrations of fossil insects; papers on Arctia and Stenobothrus, 461-462. Tropaeolum as food of Pieris rapae; races of Schistocerca literosa on the Galapagos, 494. Mycetophaetus a Penthe- tria; lepidopterous fauna of the Bahamas; stridulation of Lepidoptera; exhibi- bitions; embryology of the sheep tick, 525). BRONGNIART ON PROTHORACIC WINGS IN CARBONIFEROUS INSECTS. : . : é 31 A HINT FROM EMBRYOLOGY . : : : : - 5 : - - : . 32 SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN Panes SAY AND PICKERING. Figures. 57-60: 12I- 124: 137-141: 169-172 : 185-187 : 297-298: 345-346: ee. PERSONAL NOTES . : ; : - 5 5 : : : : . 60, 86, 93, 118, FOREL ON THE HABITS OF BRACHYTRYPUS ‘ , : : , : : : ie BUGNION ON ALPINE FAUNAS i : P ‘ : : : : ; ‘ : . 68-69 THe ABBE PROVANCHER’S WORK IN CANADA : : : : : j : : F 69 EDWARDS’S BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA . : : 2 : : . 85-86 : 221-222 PACKARD’S FOREST-INSECTS : : : : : ‘ ‘ é : A j 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY (The proboscis of the tee -fly; the foot of the same). . : . 115-116 ReEcENT LITERATURE (Tutt’s British Noctuae; Bugnion’s Postembryonal develop- ment, habits, and anatomy of Encyrtus; Foerster’s Insects of the middle oligo- cene of Brunstatt, 117. Transactions of the American entomological society ; Insect life; the ‘‘jumping bean” ; Kolbe’s Introduction, 132. Buckton’s British Cicadae; succession of wing colors in chrysalids of butterflies; a cyclopean honey-bee, 222). EDWARD BURGESS ¢ : : 4 3 é ' : : ; : : ; : 131 THE LonpoNn INSECTARY. : ‘ F : : : ; : : J F 131-132 A DrpTrEeRouS PARASITE OF THE TOAD : 5 : : : : F : é sek 240) HENRY WALTER BATES . : : : . : ‘ : ; : ; ‘ 249-250 DoHRN AND BURMEISTER F 3 , : : : F ‘ ‘ : ; : 2 300 JoHN Witt RANDALL . é : : : ; : : , : : : ; = 3n6 A LoweER SILURIAN INSECT FROM SWEDEN j : p : 3 : : : « i365 ANTS BREEDING IN AND IN . : Z ‘ - : : j P ‘ ; eee A MoNoOGRAPH OF NORTH AMERICAN Tacs : ‘ A : =) een LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL Notes (A grant from the Bache Fund; the Keavvett collection of Indian Lepidoptera at Pittsburg; Indiana butterflies) . 2 : : : = 392 WESTWOOD AND STAINTON . : : 5 : 5 ; f : : : : = 405 HYMENOPTERA OF MADAGASCAR . ; - : - 449 Locat Nores (Dr. Packard’s insect types; Dr. \[- w. Randall fie gypsy moth) Z 5 ne For Brief Notes, Foreign Notes, General Notes, Literary Notes, Miscellaneous Notes, and Notes, see Entomological Notes. Se : “A i 70S 2 ¢ A eeory RIAL OE BNTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. (No. 17s January, 1891. CONTENTS: A List oF THE OrTHorreRA oF ILLINoIs,—I. GRYLLIDAE.—Ferome McNeill : 3 NoTes ON THREE SPECIES oF HyLotoma.—¥f. G. Fack - : 4 : : : 10 A NoveL DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE ORDERS OF INsEcTs (Plate I.) —Alpheus Hyatt, Ff. M. Arms . 3 : : : : < : : : II Descriprions oF THE LARVA AND PupA oF SCOTOBATES CALCARATUS FaBR.— Vm. Beutenmiutller ‘, us 5 : 5 : 5 ; - : 4 : : A 13 A New INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY : : : : ; : ; 5 E 14 RecENT ENGLISH PuBLICATIONS (Buckton’s British Cicadae; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; Kirby’s Catalogue of Odonata) . : : - F : . ; : 14 THe Marcu oF Hypercairia 10.—Caroline G. Soule : : ‘ : : : 15 More DaMaGE By WHITE Ants tN New ENGLAND.—S. H. Scudder : ; : 15 MIscELLANEOUS NoTEs : - - ; : 3 : 2 c : c : 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB , , ‘ : ‘ . 16 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 2 PS TCH. [January, 18g Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. JS Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. JES Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription ts as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, z/ o7- dered at the time of sending copy, S Brees Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, i 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. TS Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. f= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, zo¢t for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, . - - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . - 75 -60 Quarter “ - xe c 1.25 1.00 Half st ri : 5 2250) ens One “ “ee “ 4 ¥ 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. | COLLECTION OF INSECTS FOR SALE, Comprises 52 drawers (10 X 14 in.) butterflies taken by the undersigned in Mass. and N. H. spread, arranged, and labeled with name, locality and date—88 species (over 2000 specimens) besides many larvae and pupae; very complete and care- fully assorted series and many very rare species; 20 drawers unlabeled miscellaneous insects (1500 species) collected in Mass. All nearly new and in first class condition. Drawers lined with cork, paper covered ; sliding glass covers. All in 3 closed cabinets. F. H. Sprague, Wollaston, Mass. BIBLIOTHECA ENTOMOLOGICA. Catalogue of second hand works on entomology, containing the library of the late W. Ehlers, Consul ofthe German Empire at Cartagena, Spain, and a large portion of the library of the late J. Ch. Puls. of Ghent, Belgium. Sent postpaid on application. FELIX L. DAMEs, Natural History Bookseller, 47 Tauben-Strasse, Berlin, W., Germany The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Club, Vol. I, 1878-1879, . : . a ; . $2.00 Burgess, E. Contributions to the anatomy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archippus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. c : 1.00 Casey, Thomas L. Contributions to the descrip- tive and systematic Coleopterology of North America. Part I-II. : I.00 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 . : 5 I.50 Schwarz, E. A. The Coleoptera of Florida .50 Scudder, S. H. ‘The earliest winged insects of America: a re-examination of the Devon- an insects of New Brunswick, in the light of criticisms and of new studies of other paleo- zoic types. Cambridge, 1885, 8 p., 1 plate -50 Weber, F. Nomenclator entomologicus. Chilonii et Hamburgi, 1795, 171 p. : oe eae SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. — PSY CHE. A bist, OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF ILLINOIS:—1. BY JEROME MCNEILL, FAYETTEVILLE, ARK. THE following list is an enumeration of all the species of Orthoptera known to me to occur within the State, as well as those species reported by others but not identified by the writer. Names of the last mentioned class are preceded by an asterisk and accompanied by the name of the person upon whose author- ity they are inserted. If the species is uncommon, one or more localities in which it has been or is reported to have been captured will be given. The earliest date, known to me, of the ap- pearance of each species will be given and unless otherwise stated this date will be understood to be the recorded time of their appearance or capture at Rock Island, III. GRYLLIDAE. 1. Zredactylus apicalis Say. Urba- ua, july 7. “Quincy, Sept. 6. Found in abundance on a sand bar in the river at the last mentioned place by Mr. C. A. Hart of Illinois Univer- sity. *2. Tridactylus terminalis Uhler. Southern Illinois (Thomas, Uhler). 3. Tridactylus minutus Scudder. Champaign, Aug. 20. 4. Gryllotalpa columbia Scudder. This mole-cricket I have found in a single locality on Rock Island. This place is between Fort Armstrong and the Powder House on the southern side of the Island. Here the shore is flat and sandy and thickly strewn fragments of bark and wood brought down by the river from the saw-mills at Moline and left on the My attention was attracted the first time I had the good fortune to walk that way by observing that from many of these pieces of bark which were within a few feet of the water a number of little ridges radiated in crooked lines which, however, never seemed to intersect each other. An exploration of these tunnels revealed at the end of almost every one “long-winged” with low shores by the receding water. opened a cricket large or small. Au- gust. 5. Gryllotalpa borealis Burm. 1 have found this species as early as June 25 in eastern Indiana. ance about Moline is early in August. At this season of the year at least it is Its first appear- solitary as all the specimens I have cap- tured have been the sole occupants of burrows. Mr. Scudder has compared its song to that of ‘‘the distant sound of been struck with the frogs.” I have 4 ESOL. resemblance of its note to that of Oecaz- thus niveus. ‘To my ear the only dis- cernable . difference is that of pitch. This song is a simple chirp, very low in pitch for an orthopteron, repeated at intervals of about a second. This spe- cies can be made to eject from their cerci a grayish viscid substance and this substance can be thrown several inches. Of what use this faculty is to the insect I can only conjecture as I have seen the occurrence but twice. That it is protective in character is very probable as the phenomenon has only occurred in my experience when the insect has been very much maltreated. The ejected mass does not have any noticeably bad odor and if it is used to repel the attacks of enemies it is most probably efficient because it entangles the feet and perhaps covers the eyes of the unfriendly insect. 6. Gryllus luctuosus Serv. Very rare. I have captureda single specimen at the electric light and on one occasion I allowed a long winged black speci- men which could not be referred to any other species, to escape me in the long grass. I have seen another specimen taken by Mr. C, A. Hart at the electric lightin Urbana, Junes7. All the speci- mens I have seen from Illinois are de- cidedly smaller than specimens from Florida and than those whose dimensions are given by Saussure. 7. Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm. Moline, June3. ‘This species may be, as Mr. Saussure is inclined to believe, a short-winged form of the preceding species. Except for the shortened or January 1891} abortive wings it is scarcely different from G. luctuosus, which is abundant southward and very rare in the northern States and Canada. From Maryland to Massachusetts and Northern Illinois G. pennsylvanicus is common but it is not reported from Canada and is probably not found as far north as Maine. ‘The species of the genus are so extremely variable and consequently so difficult to separate that the whole sub- ject is in much doubt. This confusion has been so great that I am inclined to think that the habits of entirely different species have been confused so as to lead to serious misunderstanding and worse confusion. I advance my opinion on this point however with the greatest hesita- tion and I am free to acknowledge that I do not feel entirely sure in my own mind of my conclusions. In speaking of the habits of these Orthoptera a late writer, Mr. Lawrence Bruner, says: ‘*Usually most of our North American Grylli live singly or in pairs in burrows which they dig for themselves. These are used as retreats during the daytime and serve as shelter from ordinary inclemencies of weather. These burrows are generally forsaken about mid-summer for some sort of above- ground shelter. From this time on, until fall, they appear to be more social and live in colonies under various sorts of rubbish. Grain-shocks are a favorite haunt for them, and since twine has been used for binding, the crickets have been quite troublesome by cutting the bands. During late summer and fall the females commence preparations for January 18g1.] the continuance of their kind, by thrust- ing their long, slender ovipositors into the loose soil and dropping their eggs. These sometimes hatch the same year, but, as a rule, lie over until the follow- ing spring. The young generally live above ground, where they hide among fallen leaves, grasses, and other debris, though sometimes they also creep into chinks and crevices in the earth.” My limited observation leads me to conclude that the description just quoted applies to no single species. The burrow making species is G. pennsylvanicus and, probably, G. @actuosws. The social crickets are G, and G. neglectus, Which is probably a variety of the first. Briefly recounted, the life history of G. abbreviatus is as follows. The eggs hatch in this latitude in July, and the first adults appear as early as abbreviatus the second week in August. During every stage of life they are social, feed- ing together, seeking shelter in company and when egg laying time comes, in October, the females collect by hundreds in some suitable locality, an abandoned or little used roadway suits them well, and each lays several hundred eggs in After this duty is performed. their business on this planet an irregular mass. seems to be finished and they succumb to the cold, none surviving the winter. The eggs do not hatch until the follow- ing July or if in rare cases they do they probably perish with cold. In Florida, Grylls luctuosus attains G. pennsyl- vanicus, Which is probably merely the its growth in December. short winged form of the former, is not RPSTCHE. 4) found in the southern States and in the middle States it does not haye time to complete its metamorphoses in the fall and consequently survives the winter in . In the spring it soon completes its transforma- tions and by the first of June its note is heard. They dig burrows which they occupy probably as long as they live. During the months of June and July the meadows and pastures and especially open woods pastures are filled with the music of their Ordinarily in favorite haunts every square rod will contain at least one burrow and these burrows are, of course, sometimes much more abundant. the larval and pupal stages. song. The males never seem to stray away from their houses in the daytime and are frequently found within the entrance, while singing. Where their eggs are laid or when I have never been able to discover, but I have never seen the young before September, so that the eggs are probably laid about the time the young of G. abdreviatus are hatching. G. pennsylvanicus is so far as I have observed never a social species not even I think in the larval and pupal stages. G. abbreviatus on the other social and are hand are always never burrow inhabiting, although itis quite probable that on occasion they seek the burrows Mr. Scudder says in his paperon The distri- bution of insects in New Hampshire,‘‘At Jefferson in 1867 no chirp of a Gryllus was heard until August 12, although of their congeners for protection. they often commence their song in Massachusetts in June.” If Iam right or) this absence of the cricket serenade dur- ing the months of June and July and early August is accounted for by the fact that this locality is north of the range of G. pennsylvantcus. This species has not been, I think, reported from Canada and G. luctuosus as rare, so that if I have not erred there should not be heard anything more than an occasional cricket chirp there before the middle of August. The only invariable and easily recognized difference between G. pennsylvanicus and G. abbreviatus is that in the females of the former the ovipositor is decidedly shorter than the body, in the latter this organ is nearly or quite as long as the body. 8. Gryllus abbreviatus Serv. Mo- line, August 14. Very abundant. g. Gryllus domesticus Linn. Mo- line and Urbana. Very rare, a single specimen having been taken at each place at the electric light. 10. Memobius fasciatus De Geer, Abundant everywhere, especially in blue grass meadows. It is very com- about July 27. The wingless form vzttatus Harr. is at least in the northern part of the State more abundant than fasczatus. 11. Axnaxipha pulicaria Burm. Taken in a single locality on Rock River near Colona, Rock Island Co., about August 20. 12. Phylloscirtus pulchellus Uhler, A few specimens have been captured at Pine Hills, September 14, 1883. 13. O0ecanthus niveus De Geer. Abundant throughout the State from the latter part of July to the late fall. mon at the electric light PST ORE: [January 18q1. There are five species of Oecanthus in Illinois which are very widely distri- buted in North America. Two of these, Oecanthus fasciatus Fitch and Ocecan- thus angustipennis Fitch, have gener- ally been considered varieties of Oecan- thus ntveus De Geer, but several years observation of this genus has led me to conclude that they are quite distinct in structure, habits, and song and they must therefore rank as species. The last named species can be distin- guished from the two former by its broader wing covers, the width of the dorsal field compared with the length being about one to two in /latzpennis and zzveus, one to three in angustt- pennis and two to five in fasczatus. The average of these dimensions is in the first mentioned species .30 by .62 inches ; in the second .26 by .54 inches ; in the third .16 by .44 inches; and in the last .18 by .46 inches. Miveus can usually be distinguished from all the other species by its color, which is ivory white with almost no perceptible infusion of green in the male but the elytra of the female may be quite decidedly green. In angustipennis the male as well as the female, probably. is deeply suffused with green. In fasczatus the greenish tint is also predominant in the wings and elytra but the other parts of the body vary in color from deep black to ivory white varied with fuscous. In typically colored specimens however the head and pronotum are whitish with three dis- tinct fuscous or black stripes, extending one over the top of the head and pro- notum and the other two on the lateral Ee January 1891.] lobes’ of the pronotum and upon the sides of the head. Latcfenns differs in coloration distinctly from the two last mentioned species but only slightly from mtveus. is ivory white with the elytra perfectly transparent but it is distinct from z¢veus and the other two species in having the Like the latter its general color head and basal half of the antennae suf- It also lacks very generally if not always the fused with pink or light brown. small fuscous spots which are to be found always in the other species, except in the case of the black variety of fasciatus, on the lower face of the two basal joints of the antennae. Niveus is also distinguished from all other species by its proportionally longer maxillary palpi. most apparent in the ultimate joint, which is not only relatively but actually This disproportion is longer than the same joint in Zat¢pennzs, These dimen- sions are forthe two species respectively : fifth joint 1.5 mm and 1.4 mm; fourth joint 1.3 mmand 1.3 mm; third joint 1.6 mm and 1.7 mm. a decidedly larger insect. Finally in zzveus the outer or fourth curved oblique nerve at the base of the elytra is more angular than in any of the other species and con- sequently the distance between the third and fourth nerves which in the other species is about equal to that between the first and second, and the second and third nerves, is in zzvews much greater. In addition to the distinctions already mentioned fasczatus has longer antennae than the other species have, since these organs are rather more than two and one half times the total length of the body, PS TVCHE : 7 and the larger spines at the tip of the posterior tibiae are unusually strong and acute. The ovipositor of the female is also plainly distinct from the perfectly straight ovipositor of zzveus in being distinctly turned up at the tip. The palpi also offer distinct specific characters in the proportionally maxillary short fourth joint and in the subclavate fifth joint which in the other species Angustipennis difters from the other species in its small head and slender pronotum, which in the female especially is decidedly narrowed anteriorly instead of being of equal width is fusiform. throughout as in the females of z/veus and /atipennis. The hind legs are pro- portionally longer and more slender than they are in the allied species and the post-tibial apical spines are so weak as to be somewhat difficult to count with the unaided eye. These species difler from one another as markedly in song as in structure. That of zzvews is the well known t-r-r—r-e-e: t-r-r—r-e-e, repeated with out pause or variation about seventy times in a minute. In the vicinity of Davenport, Iowa, this song is heard as early as the twenty-third of July and it continues until the persistent little song- sters are killed by the heavy frosts of the late fall. night and occasionally on cloudy days but in the latter case it is only an isolated This song is heard only at song and never the full chorus of the night song produced by many wings g ‘ : whose vibrations in exact unison produce that characteristic ‘‘rhythmic beat als Burroughs has happily phrased ite, Lt 8 PSILCHEL. is this effect of many united songs that has led the same author to speak of “purring” crickets. Thoreau calls it the ‘¢slumbrous breathing” and the “intenser dream” of crickets, but Hawthorne has given it a more spiritual interpretation than either Burroughs or Thoreau. He describes it as ‘‘audible stillness” and declares that ‘‘if moonlight could be heard it would sound like that.”’ Prof. C. V. Riley says of the song of Jazz, Eunts that it ‘‘is continuous and recalls the trilling of a high pitched dog whistle in the distance.” He also says ‘+The com- mingled shrill of this species recalls also the distant croaking of frogs in the spring.” The song of fasczates is also a high trill continuing usually for several minutes with the intervals between the trills of very irregular length. It sings all day as well as all night apparently in the bright sunshine as well as on- cloudy days and in the dusk of evening. Angustipennis has a song which re sembles that of fasc¢atus in some degree, but it is very much fainter and lasts for about five seconds with an equal interval between the trills Mr. Scudder says* of the song of zzv- eus: **The day song of this insect is ex- ceedingly shrill and may be represented by the following figure [which repre- sents a trill] though the notes vary in rapidity. When slowest they are about sixteen a second. The song is of varied length, sometimes lasting but two or three seconds, sometimes continuing a minute or two uninterruptedly; it isa nearly uniform, equally sustained trill, Rep. Geol. N. H., V. I. p. 365-366. [January 1891. but the insect often commences its note at a different pitch from the normal one as if it required a little practice to attain it. When singing the tegmina are raised at fully a right angle to the body. The night song consists of ‘¢hrrr’ re- peated incessantly, three parts of song and one of rest in every three seconds.”’ ‘Uhe ‘‘day song” described by Mr. Scud- der seems to be the song of fasciatus, while the ‘‘night song” certainly resem- bles that of azgustépennts more than the song of xéveus. Walker’s Oecan- thus nigricornts is, I think, nothing but a long-winged fasciatus. Speci- mens of the last-mentioned species with wings extending beyond the elytra as much as .16 of an inch are not uncom- mon. Finally, Zatépennis, according to Prof. Riley, generally chooses the tender shoots of the grape in which to lay its eges, while zzveus prefers the raspberry and blackberry, but is less particular than the first-mentioned species and lays its eggs in many other shrubs and trees. Both of these species with angustipen- zzs prefer cultivated ground, but _fascza- tus is comparatively rare in such locali- ties and is abundant along weedy road- sides and hedges and in weedy meadows. The females are abundant in late sum- mer and early fall on the various species of Helianthus and Solidago, 14. Oecanthus angustipennts Fitch. | Much less common in the north- ern part of the State than either zzveus or fasctatus ; it has been taken at Mo- line Sept. 29. 15. O5ccanthus fasciatus Fitch. Its January 1891.] range seems to be coextensive with that of zzveus and it is even more abundant. The earliest recorded date of its capture at Moline is August 23. 16. O3ccanthus latipennis Riley. It is doubtful if this species is found as far north as Moline. There is a specimen in the Museum of the University of Ili- nois labelled Carmi, Ill., Oct. 6, 82: Itssong has been described as ‘‘a con- tinuous, high-keyed trill continued for fifteen minutes or more.” This is ex- actly the song of fasctatus. Since there has been so much confusion in the species of this genus, there is a chance that the song described above is mistak- enly referred to /atépennzs. 17. O3cecanthus b¢punctatus De Geer. Apparently an uncommon species in Illinois. I have seen but two specimens captured at Rock Island in August. 18. Orocharts uhler¢, n. sp. A single specimen in the Museum of the University of Illinois seems so distinct from described species that it deserves a name. It may be described as fol- lows: Female. Length, .40 in.; post. fem., .36 in.; elytra, .32 in.; ovipositor, .32 in. Dull brownish yellow with the head, pro- notum and posterior femora very obscurely spotted with fuscous. The body and limbs are pubescent with soft hairs, the color of the body. The pronotum is short, with the an- terior margin sinuate and the posterior con- vex. The elytra do not exceed the abdomen. The venation of the dorsal field is not promi- PSC HL: 9 nent and the reticulation is not lozenge-shap- ed. The vein which separates the dorsal from the lateral field is unusually prominent, however, and as a consequence the angle formed by the two fields is very distinct: The mediastinal vein, the uppermost vein of the lateral field, is two-branched. Both fields are triangular, so that the elytra are acute at the apex. The wings are scarcely more than half the length of the elytra. ‘The posterior femora are very long, exceeding the oviposi- tor and almost equalling the body in length. The posterior tibiae are as long as the fem- ora. ‘hey are very moderately pilose and are with strong, acute, brown-tipped spines, seven on the inner and six on the outer margin of the lower face, besides the three at the apex on either side. The lower face of the metatarsus of the poste- rior legs is armed with similar spines, four on the outer and two on the inner margin. These spines increase regularly in size pos- teriorly, and the pair at the apex equal fully half the length of this, the metatarsal, joint. The ovipositor is straight with the apex very acute and armed with distinct though minute teeth. furnished spreading, This species can be distinguished at a glancefrom O. sa/tatrzx Uhler by its smaller size, much longer posterior legs, acutely tipped antennae and short wings. In addition to these distinctions, the spines of the posterior legs of whlerz are conspicuously large and strong, while those of saltatr7x are weak and inconspicuous. ‘Lhe posterior tibiae are quite densely pilose in the latter species and only very moderately pilose in the former. 10 PP SHOE . [January 1891. NOTES ON THREE SPECIES OF HYLOTOMA. BY JOHN GEORGE JACK, JAMAICA PLAIN. Among the papers of the late Benj. D. Walsh, published in the Transactions of the Saint Louis Academy of Science, (7 May 1873, v. 3, pp. 67-68) is a des- cription of the male and female of Fylotoma dulciaria Say. His des- cription of the male appears to differ so much from some specimens which have come under my notice that I venture to give a note of the inséct as it appears to me. After describing the female, Walsh gives the following description of the male :— ““@ differs from @ only as follows :—t1. The antennae are 2 as long as the body, the usual hairs on the last joint nearly as long as wide. 2. The tegulae and the entire thorax above and below, except the cenchri which are whitish and the basal plates which are luteo-rufous, are blue black. 3. The abdomen is immaculate. 4. The wings are several shades paler, but there is an obvious darker cloud extending from the base of the stigma to the usual dark dot in the disk of the 2d submarginal, which cloud exists in 6 [2] also, but is not noticed from the rest of the wing being equally clouded. Length & .27 inch. Front wing @ .27 inch.” Mr. Walsh’s description was from a single specimen and it differs so much, by its black thorax and ‘+immaculate” abdomen (the thorax and abdomen of the female being of a shining yellowish- red color), from the specimens taken by me that it seems hardly possible that it can belong to this species. fi. dulciarta Say, is a synonym of HI. pectoralis Leach, in Cresson’s last revision of the hymenoptera, and upon the male I offer the following note. fTylotoma pectoralis Leach (=H. dulcia- vita Say).— Male. Head shining black, antennae black and longer than those of female; ciliae beneath appearing either black or rusty colored. Thorax yellowish red above and around the collar; shining blue black beneath and with a_ yellowish red spot below the fore wings, on the pectus or breast on each side. Legs blue black, the anterior pair having the tarsi, tibiae and the extreme tips of the femora of a light reddish color. Abdomen shining bright blue black. Wings light smoky brown on inner and clear on outer or apical portion. An irregular smoky brown blotch extends from the basal end of the stigma to the third submarginal cell in the centre of which is a minute dot. Expanse of wings 15mm. Length of body 7 toS8 mm. Out of four specimens examined, two have four submarginal (or cubital) cells in the an- terior wings, corresponding to the characters of the genus. The other two specimens have only three submarginal cells, the second sub- marginal nervure being absent. Described from four specimens bred with a larger num- ber of females in July, 1889, from larvae found in the previous summer feeding on the foliage of Betula alba in the Arnold Arbore- tum at Jamaica Plain, Mass. The been made of the larvae of two species” of Hylotoma. following observations have January 1891.] Flylotoma scapularzts Klug.— The full- grown larvae have a pretty general resem- blance to those of H. pectoralzs Leach (=H. dulctarta Say),* and are about 18 mm. long. Head light orange yellow, body somewhat flattish and light yellowish green in color. There are six distinct rows of small closely adjoining black spots on the upper portion of the body extending from the head to the anal segment. On each of the fleshy projec- tions on the sides of the segments, except the last, there is an oblong dark spot; but these spots above the two posterior pair of true legs appear as two large somewhat tri- angular black blotches. Above the anal seg- ment there is a large oval shaped black spot. The legs are black on the outer side, and the prolegs are marked by a dark brown blotch on the outer side. The black legs and black blotch on the anal segment are the chief marks which distinguish this larva from that of H. pectoralis in which the legs and anal segment are yellowish. The cocoons are of a dirty white or light brown color and aver- age about 12mm. in length. They are com- posed of two walls, the inner being closely, and the outer loosely spun. The eggs are deposited along the margins of the leaves of the common American elm (Ulmus Americana) upon which the larvae feed. Young larvae were found early in Au- PSL CLT Ts. 11 gust and those observed attained full growth about the end of the month. Two males and many females were raised from these about the first of July following. Hylotoma McLeayt Leach. larva from 15 to 18 mm. long. Head black. Body flattish; pale yellowish green, with four distinct lines of black spots along the back extending from the head to the anal seg- ment; and with some minute, less regularly arranged spots or dots along the sides above the fleshy projections which characterize lar- vae of this genus. Full grown Each fleshy projection bears a long narrow black spot. The anal segment is surmounted by a large irregular oval black blotch and is brown above the anus. Thelegsare dark brown or black onthe outer base and have a heavy black blotch at the base. The prolegs are marked on their outer side by a somewhat triangular, black or very dark brown spot. The cocoon is double walled, the outer wall being loosely woven and it is dull white or pale brown in color, and is from 12-14 mm. in length. The larvae were found in considerable numbers in the month of August feeding upon the foliage of common choke-cherry (Prunus Virginiana) at Jamaica Plain, Mass. From these larvae-a number of female im- agos were bred in the latter part of the month of May following. A NOVEL DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE ORDERS OF INSECTS.+ The difficulty of representing satis- factorily by any linear arrangement the relations of the orders to each other and to Thysanura has compelled us to give diagrams I-III. Diagram II [pl. *See T. W. Fyles in Canadian entomologist, v. 18, p-38; V-19, p-59- 1] shows by parallel bars rising above the circular plate, which represents the surface of the earth, the sixteen orders of insects as they exist to-day, and below this plate the different orders are ar- t Reprinted from Guides for Science Teaching. No. VIII. Insecta. By Alpheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms. 12 PSTCHE: ranged in converging bars according to their supposed relations during geologic times. This last is purely theoretical, since the present state of our knowledge of fossil insects is too fragmentary and unsatisfactory to afford sufficient evi- dences for the demonstration of sucha classification, Diagram II [pl. I] represents the op- posite or farther side of Diagram I, the plate having been turned around so that the orders X—XVI can be more clearly seen both above and below the earth’s surface. Diagram III is a view from above the circular plate giving in Diagram III. [January 1Sqt. horizontal section the position of the orders. In Diagrams I, II, A repre- sents the wingless, primitive, or Thy- sanuran stock. The stems B, 3B”, BY * Diagram ls Gees. iasram II, represent the winged stocks which sprang from A. These may have been composed, so far as the facts now known are concerned, of a number of separate or branching lines leading up to the various orders as termini of more or less distinct stocks.t The line 4’ in Diagram II indicates the winged stock from which the true Neuroptera sprang, and so far know, this may have been the same common stock as that from which the Ephemeroptera and Odonata. also arose (Diagram I, £). In spite of the introduction of the quiescent pupal stage in the Neuroptera, their obvious resemblances to the Odonata, and the fact that they still retain the Thysanuroid form of larva should not be overlocked. Dia- gram I recognizes these simi- as we larities, and presents the least modified branches of the genealogical tree of the Insecta as near to- gether as practicable. The placing of Thysanura near the and most. ancient centre, by means of a short * BI! 1 extends in the diagram to the orders Hemiptera and Thysanoptera instead of to the stem from which these orders sprang. It is placed here because the stem proper is out of sight, being farther down and behind B and B! ?. | For example, as suggested by Packard in Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Com., p. 289, the Dermaptera may have been fr x é . Ch ee, F =o ae S . . . . ¥F derived from a form Similar to Japyx, a curious Thysanuran genus, and since it has characters allying it both to @rtheptera aud Coleoptera, it may be the existing descendant of some common forms from which both of these orders originated. The Thysanura stand, according to Comstock, in a similar position with relation to the Hem- iptera. Tao a —. Plate '. Psyche, 1891, vol. 6. =x STi or nay January 1Sq1.]} vertical line ,* indicates the essential- ly generalized and character of the order, and does not necessarily imply any nearer relationship to Neu- roptera, which stands on the right, than to Coleoptera on the extreme left. The height to which the vertical bars have been carried above the plate is a rough approximation to the specializa- tion attained by the adults, and also to the removal of the mode of development from the primitive Thysanuroid mode. The orders existing to-day are re- garded as parallel series differing from each other in structure, and not as yet connected by well-known intermediate forms. Where the probability exists that certain orders have had a common origin, they are placed on the same radiating lines, as seen in Diagram III, orders II-III; also VI-VII, and VIII- IX; and this rule has been departed from only where the data seemed to justify a more natural interpretation, as larval PSI CHL. 13 in the case of the orders from XII to XVI, inclusive. All of these graphic presentations are necessarily extremely rough approx imations to the actual facts, and present even the authors’ views in a very im- Nevertheless, if con- scientiously studied, they will, hoped, help to give teachers some ideas of the principles upon which a classifi- perfect manner. he ae cation is based, and prevent them from falling into the absurd but natural mis- takes often occasioned by the linear treatment of types in the text. LIST OF ORDERS. IX. Hemiptera. X. Coleoptera. I. Thysanura. II. Ephemeroptera. III. Odonata. XI. Neuroptera. IV. Plecoptera. XII. Mecoptera. V. Platyptera. XIII. Trichoptera. XIV. Lepidoptera. XV. Hymenoptera. Diptera. VI. Dermaptera. VII. Orthoptera. VIII. Thysanoptera. XVI. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF SCOTOBATES CALCARATUS FABR. BY WM. BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK. Larva :—Head subquadrate, anterior angles obtusely rounded, sides moderately rounded, shining. Clypeus tranverse, about three times as broad as long, oblique. Labrum smaller than the clypeus, anterior margin rounded and beset with a few bristle-like hairs. Antennae three jointed, first joint cylindrical, about twice as long as broad; *See also the diagram given by Packard in Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Com., 1883, p. 295. second joint considerably longer, clavate; third joint minute, cylindrical, with a few hairs at the apex. Mandibles short, stout, arcuate externally, excavate internally, apex tridentate, base with a prominent elevation with two small teeth. Maxillae subcylindri- cal, stout, elongate, lobe somewhat truncate at the apex with a number of bristle-like hairs. Maxillary palpi three jointed, first joint stout, cylindrical, broader than long; 14 PST CHL. second joint more slender and longer; third joint subcylindrical, thicker at the base than the apex, which is beset with minute points. Labium subquadrate, broader at the apex than the base. Labial palpi jointed; first joint thick, cylindrical; second joint slender, rounded at apex. Body corne- ous, highly polished, minutely punctured, last segment terminating in two short pro- tuberances curved upward. Over the body are scattered a few light brown hairs. Color: head and body testaceous. Body beneath somewhat paler. Length about 25 Width about 3.50 mm. PuPa sordid white, elongated, with each of the abdominal segments at the sides pro- vided with a flat, quadrate process. Anal segment with two rather long processes at the extremity. Thorax subquadrate, sides rounded. Head bent downward; folded around the sides of the body. gmm. Width 5 mm. Lives on wood of oak, chestnut, and hick- ory. Collected early in April. 18th. Imago emerged June gth. two- mm. wings Length Pupated May A NEw INTROpuUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY.* —We have here a noyel and suggestive book, in which the interrelationships of insects are worked out on independent lines. Neither Professor Hyatt, a zoologist and _ paleon- tologist of the very highest repute, nor his associate Miss Arms, has ever before claimed a hearing in the entomological world, and they have approached the subject quite untrammelled by tradition or authority, but with experience as successful teachers and thoroughly imbued with the principles which guide modern science. It is not a text book for scholars, but precisely what its title indi- cates, a guide for teachers. It abounds with novel suggestions, and is interspersed with cautions of the utmost importance to teach- Insecta (Guides for science-teaching, viii). By Al- pheus Hyatt and J. M. Arms. 16mo, Boston) 18g0. Published for the Boston Society of Natural History by D. C. Heath & Co. pp. 23, 300, figs. 223. {January 18oq1. ers. sage, We have room here for only one pas- in which the limitations of the Darwinian theory are enforced : “Tt is very important that teachers should be cautious in allowing themselves the free use of explanations which the doctrine of Natural Selection seems to furnish. ‘The danger lies in the fascination of the logical form presented by this doctrine, the ease with which it seems to explain even the most complicated relations of organic beings, and the general although unfounded belief that it is universally accepted and believed in by nat- uralists. They will find... that this doctrine is not used by any investigators in account- ing for the origin of structures and their modifications, and only to a limited extent by those quoted above and others of the same school [the so-called Neo-Lamarcki- ans], in explaining the preservation of struc- tures and modifications after they have been originated by the action of physical and other causes.” A diagrammatic scheme for illustrating the authors’ views of the phylogeny of insects is given on a preceding page of this number, and we hope to print at an early date their concluding general remarks, after a survey of the whole field. RECENT ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS.— The fourth part of Buckton’s Monograph of the British Cicadae or Tettigidae, just issued, completes the first of the two volumes of which the work will be composed. The first volume contains 41 plates and 211 pages of text, 78 of the latter given up to the Intro- duction. The remaining volume will treat of the Jassides, Deltocephalides and Typhlo- cybides of the classification adopted by him. The fourth part of Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica is of less interest than the preceding. The plates are still concerned with the Eu- ploeinae but only with species of very sim- ilar appearance having a dull brown ground color, and of which the early stages are not The modification of the known. hind mar- January 1891.] gin of the fore wings in the males of all these species to accommodate the sexual scale- pocket in the medio-submedian interspace is a striking feature. The text, which keeps éxcellent pace with the plates, has many points of interest and calls attention to some interesting cases of mimicry. Mr. W. F. Kirby has just published with Van Voorst’s successors a synonymic cata- logue of dragon-flies living and fossil. It ex- tends to 202 pp. 8vo. They are arranged systematically under families, subfamilies and divisions, the further subdivisions by Selys and others, legions and groups, being ignored: So too all subgenera are regarded as genera. This hasat least simplified the author’s work, but can hardly be regarded as satisfactory. A number of new generic terms are employed for preoccupied names and in a few cases radical changes occur, as when Agrion is made to replace Calopteryx (because Latreille had fixed the type as the Lzbellula virgo of Linné) anda new term Coenagrion employed for Agrion, carrying with it the subfamily name Coenagrioninae. Selys strenuously objects to this in the comptes-rendus of the Belgian entomological society. | About 1800 nominal species are entered in 267 genera, besides a few in the appendix. 102 fossil species are catalogued separately. The work appears to be conscientiously done and will certainly be of as great an assistance to the stu- dents of Odonata as that of Lepidoptera, pre- pared by the same author, is to its votaries. THE Marcu OF HyPeRCHIRIA 10.—I have carefully watched a brood of zo larvae in their marching, and have found the secret of their regularity. The leader spins a fine thread as he moves, and the larva next in order follows the thread, and spins one himself. If he follows the thread by feeling it at one side, instead of following ow it, the thread which is spun by No. 2 lies parallel with that spun by No. 1, and usually each thread will be followed by a larva, when the wedge-shaped ‘‘order of march” will result— LS ROLE, 15 No. 1 ahead, No. 2 following just a trifle at one side, No. 3 and No. 4 side by side, No. 3 following the thread of No. 1,and No 4 that of No. 2; No. 5 will follow No. 3; No. 6 will often feel the two threads and march be- tween them, when No. 7 will follow No. 4, and so the ranks will widen. The thread can be seen plainly with a lens, and the pro- cess watched. If a larva loses his way he feels for the thread, and seems able to tell, by its surface, in which direction the proces- sion has gone, always following the right direction after a moment’s careful feeling of the thread. Caroline G. Soule. MORE DAMAGE BY WHITE ANTS IN NEW ENGLAND. — At a recent meeting of the Cambridge Entomological Club Mr. S. H. Scudder showed the work of white ants, Termes flavipes, on the wooden tubs con- taining plants at the Botanic Garden. This and some of the culprits were brought to him by Frederick A. Quinn, one of the employes of the Garden, who stated that they had destroyed some of the tree-ferns growing in such tubs. This shows that the white ants are there increasing in num- bers and have become a real element of danger, for in 1885 Dr. Hagen reported in the Canadian entomologist (v. 17, 134-135) that ‘‘the earth in the hot-houses here in Cambridge is largely infested by white ants, but as far as I know no destruction of plants has been observed.” Two years later the speaker pointed out (ibid., v. 19, 218) that geranium cuttings were attacked by white ants in the forcing houses attached to the Mt. Au- burn cemetery; but here we find a more seri- ous damage. On visiting the Garden Mr. Scudder was shown by the head gardener, Mr. Cameron, a plant almost completely de- stroyed in which the traces of their work were very apparent. The plant was Cyathea znsignis, four or five feet high. One of the same kind had been destroyed before and thrown away. According to Mr. Cameron, the ants seemed to show a preference for the 16 PSC LE. long juicy stems of the fronds, to which they made their way through the trunk, while the latter was full of their droppings. The first outward sign of their attacks was seen in the drooping of the fronds. The inner sides of the wooden staves of the tubs were full of the irregular burrows of the white ants. Mr. Cameron also stated that a lot of cabbages in the vegetable garden attached to his house on the grounds were completely ruined by the attacks of these same white ants, as he found by inspection. Mr. Scudder recom- mended replacing all woodwork in contact with earth or stone by iron, and particularly the discarding of all wooden tubs; it would seem to be perfectly practicable to construct even the largest tubs of staves made of gal- vanized iron or some such metal. AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII has been good hunt- ing ground this year. I have foundon one vine specimens of Deédamiéa inscripta, one; Thyreus Abboti, several; Everyx myron, sev- eral; Alyfza octomaculata, Pyrophila pyra- midotdes, both very abundant; Sfzlosoma vir- ginica, few; Hyphantria textor, few; Lopho- campa caryae, many; L. éessellaris, several; and Crmbex ulmz, many. Caroline G. Soule. A NEW SERIAL inconography is announced under the auspices of Mr. Paul Mabille and Vuillot of Paris, to be called Movstates Lepi- dopterologicae. These authors contemplate the issue of at least one hundred monthly parts of lexicon octavo size, each with eight pages of text and one colored plate, illustrating new and little known Lepidoptera. Only 150 copies are to be issued — a wrong to science —at the price of about three francs a part, A SPECIMEN of Vanessa milberti, said to have been taken at Polegate, Sussex, Eng- land, was exhibited at the South London en- tomological and natural history society on October 9th. Dr. Cartos BERG, formerly attached to {January 18g - the Museo publico of Buenos Aires under Burmeister, and well known for his notable contributions to the entomology of South America, has been appointed director of the Museo de Historia Natural of Montevideo, Uruguay, and is now removed to that city. ~PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 13 January, 1888.—The 134th meeting was held at 61 Sacramento St. Mr. S. H. Scud- der was chosen chairman. The annual report of Mr. R. Hayward, the retiring secretary, was read and accepted. The report of Mr. B. Pickman Mann, the re- tiring treasurer, was also read and referred to the auditors. The retiring librarian, Dr. Geo. Dimmock, presented his report which was accepted. A vote of thanks was passed to Mr. B. P. Mann for the use of his office on Follen St. as a storage place for the library of the Club since its organization. A ballot for officers for 1888 then followed, which resulted in the election of the follow- ing gentlemen: President: William Trelease. Secretary: Roland Hayward. Treasurer: Samuel Henshaw. Librarian: George Dim- mock. Members at large of Executive Com- mittee: George Dimmock and Samuel H. Scudder. On motion the thanks of the Club were voted to Mr. B. P. Mann for his long and faithful services as treasurer of the Club. Mr. Scudder being obliged to leave, Mr. S. Henshaw was then chosen chairman. On account of the absence of the president, Mr. J. H. Emerton, the reading of the annual address was postponed till another meeting. Mr. C. W. Woodworth showed a new method for mounting small insects, which gaye rise to some discussion; and Dr. G. Dimmock showed an apparatus for maintain- ing a constant temperature in raising in- sects. yo 4) Glan oy \ Jl j J \\ NE j : U Va» aime foe) Qe tee, Come ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol:- 6. No. °178: FEBRUARY, 1891. CONTENTS: ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.—Charles W. Woodworth : : : : : : : : - - : - : : 1g A LIST OF THE OTHOPTERA OF ILLINoIs,—II. LocusTIDAE.—Ferome McNeill. ; 2 Notes (Marine Insects; Dr. Weed’s appointment.) : . ‘ ; , : : 24 ON THE LiFe History oF DIABROTICA 12-PUNCTATA OLIv.—H. Garman . ; : 28 THE PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF HETEROPACHA RILEYANA HARVEY.--G. H. French ; ; ‘ E : : , : : : F : : : ; 20 3 SMERINTHUS ASTYLUS.—/da M. Eliot, Caroline G. Soule. ; ; : } , 31 BRONGNIART ON PROTHORACIC WINGS IN CARBONIFEROUS INSECTS , 31 A HINT FROM ENTOMOLOGY : : : ; - ; : . - E : - 32 Notes (Kolbe’s Introduction; The oldest phryganid; Eggs of Lycaenidae. ) ; : 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB - : . 5 es. : 33 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 18 BST OEE: [February, 1891 Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. | RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. 5 JES Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed, JE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol, 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, 2 or- dered at the time of sending copy, 2 Free. Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. JeF Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. fF Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for €xchange or desired for study, zot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside : Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $o.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, 5 .60 Quarter “ e i 1.25 “1.00 Half " oi oe 2.25 1-75 One es “ aie A 0 4.00 3.50 Lach subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. COLLECTION OF INSECTS FOR SALE. Comprises 52 drawers (10 X 14 in.) butterflies taken by the undersigned in Mass. and N. H. spread, arranged, and labeled with name, locality and date—88 species (over 2000 specimens) besides many larvae and pupae; very complete and care- fully assorted series and many very rare species; 20 drawers unlabeled miscellaneous insects (1500 species) collected in Mass. All nearly new and in first class condition. Drawers lined with cork, paper covered ; sliding glass covers. Allin 3 closed cabinets. F. H. Sprague, Wollaston, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Club Vol. I, 1878-1879, ; st Bass 5 Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. Casey, Thomas L. Contributions to the descriptive and systematic Coleopterology of North America. Part I-II. : Entomology of the Wheeler Survey. (chaps. 7-16, v. 5, Zoology) Washington, 1875. Grote, A.R. Check list of the Noctuidae of America, north of Mexico. Buffalo, N. Y. 1875. : Grote, A. R. Reviced Check list of ine North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, I8go. Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 Packard,A.S. Synopsis of the Thysaqura of Essex County, Mass. Descriptions of new American Phalaenidae. Noteson N.A. moths of the families Phalaenidae and Pyralidae in the British Museum. On the cave fauna of Indiana. Salem, 1373. Schwarz, E.A. The Golcanten of Florida Scudder, S. H. The earliestwinged in- sects of America: a re-examination of the Devonian insects of New Brunswick, in the light of criticisms and of new studies of other paleozoic types. Cambridge, 1885, 8 p., 1 plate Weber, F. Nomenclator entomologicus. Chilonii et Hamburgi, 1795, 171 p. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, tage: $2.00 1.00 I.00 1.50 125 50 1.50 .50 .50 .50 .50 PSY CEE. ON THE RELATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. BY CHARLES W. WOODWORTH, FAYETTEVILLE, ARK. [Annual address of the retiring president of the Cambridge Entomological Club,.9 January, 1891. ] The subject of this address is not of the kind usually chosen for similar occa- sions but is of none the less interest and importance. It is one also that is in full harmony with the genius of this society which is the recognition of the preemi- nence of what is called the philosophy of science. Another reason makes it of especial immediate importance to us. Economic entomology is upon the verge of an era of great advancement. The establishment of the agricultural ex- periment stations have added to its ranks more young men of scientific training and ability perhaps than have ever en- gaged in this line of investigation. If economic entomology is but a phase of scientific entomology then we want to put forth especial efforts to assimilate this young blood in our ranks; if on the other hand they are different and distinct, the difference will become more and more apparent as economic entomology develops and we should define our posi- tion as on the side of pure science. I believe that the pure sciences are distinct from the economic sciences ; that this is the primary division of science. We seem to be prone in this utilitarian age to try to find excuse for the pursuit of pure science by holding up the possi- bility of applying our discoveries for economic ends. Let us recognize and not act as though we were ashamea of the fact that the sole aim of the student of pure science isthe discovery of truth, catering to human wants being entirely out of his province. It may be said that laying aside this matter of sentiment, the human wants are supplied through the discoveries of science and that this is simply the appli- cation of science for economic purposes, or, to put ita little stronger, that econom- ics are but applied sciences. Such a statement comes from the conception that facts are or in some way become the peculiar property of ascience. This is not the case however. Perhaps if we could see all the intimate relations sciences have to each other we should say that every fact belongs to every science ; at any rate we could scarcely name a fact which when closely viewed has not more than one bearing. An ex- ample of the far reaching character of a fact is that of the origin of species through evolution. When Darwin es- 20 EST CH FE; tablished the truth of this fact it soon came to be recognized that this basal fact of evolution was a fundamental principal of almost every other science which had occupied the attention of man. For economic purposes it is the facts which are appropriated, and in the same way that the biologist appropri- ates the facts discovered by the chemist. Economic sciences no more become departments or applications of other sciences by using some of the same facts than biology becomes a department or application of chemistry. It may be further contended that in the cases cited above we have to do with real sciences but that the so called eco- nomic sciences have no right to the title of science, that they are essentially dif- ferent. This will lead us to a consider- ation of what a science is. We have just seen that it does not consist of a body of facts peculiar to itself, but on the other hand it is evident that facts are closely connected with it, that it depends in- deed on a set of facts, and further that these facts have some definite relation to each other and are susceptible of a rational classification. This classifica- tion is not the science as it cannot ex- press nearly all the relationships, but these relationships do constitute the science. Any one science does not com- prehend all the bearings of any fact but only such as have a relation to that one subject. The science of entomology, for example, consists the of relationship of the facts to insects. The relation of the same facts to the subject of plant dis- eases belongs to another science. When [February 1891. the subject is economic, the production of honey, the feeding of stock, or the like, are there any grounds upon which we can refuse it the title of science? The economic sciences are all infan- tile, many perhaps not yet even con- ceived of by man. They are the only true foundation to the useful arts. Agri- culture is a science though hidden by a mass of misconception and empiricism. It must make its advances by the same methods that have made the pure sciences what they are. A clear conception of the object and structure of the science and experimentation with all the conditions under control are essential. Economic entomology as_ generally understood is chiefly a department of agriculture but includes much heteroge- To be a scientifically rational term, it must, like some of the genera of the older naturalists, be re- stricted. I can in no better way show the difference between it and scientific entomology than to indicate the parts of economic entomology and show where they belong the neous material. among economic sciences. Insects of economic importance may be grouped into six categories. First, those directly injurious to man, which properly forms a department of medi- cine. Second, those attacking the do- mestic animals, a part of veterinary medicine. Third, those injuring culti- vated plants, which includes by far the major part of the injurious insects and to which the term economic entomology should be restricted; it is only a part and perhaps not a natural part of the February 1891.] science which deals with the diseases of cultivated plants. Fourth, those which destroy other property ; in this category are the insects attacking furs, woollen goods, etc., and the foed stuffs, which belong to domestic economy and at the saine time to commerce ; library insects belong to library economy and so on. Fifth, those directly beneficial to man, which includes the bee, the silk worm, etc., industries which form one of the primary divisions of agriculture. Sixth, those indirectly beneficial to man by de- stroying the injurious insects; these in- PSYCHE. 21 sects of course belong to the sciences that consider the insects which are their victims. Finally, to recapitulate, scientific en- tomology is a department of biology, economic entomology of agriculture. They have all the difference between them that there is between a pure sci- ence and an economic science. Can we as a society include them both? I think we should not. On the other hand the economic entomologists are nearly all at the same time scientific entomolo- gists. These we can and do welcome. mee lorrOn Vit ORFHOPTERA OF ILLINOIS;—II. BY JEROME MCNEILL, FAYETTEVILLE, ARK. LocusTIDAE. 19. Scudderta curvicauda De Geer. This is an abundant species in Illinois in suitable localities. Its favorite haunt is the wild meadows and prairies cov- ered with coarse grasses and weeds. It is the only one of the katydids that flies freely in the daytime. It is in fact crepuscular rather than nocturnal. It may be seen flying at any hour of the day, but its note is not generally heard untilthe middle of the afternoon. The note cannot be supposed to represent more than the first two syllables of the ‘¢Ka-ty-did” or ‘*Ka-ty-did-n’t” of its congeners. It is made but once and the rasping jerky sound has been very well represented by Mr. Scudder as It has been found at Moline as early as the 21st of July. 20. Scudderia fuscata Brunner. This species is more abundant than the last but it too must be looked for in the right place. It is even less domestic in its habits than curvicauda. The latter is sometimes found about houses and gardens in town but the former is almost never seen in town. It may be looked for in the shrubs and undershrubs of open woods and clearings and in weedy fields and meadows. Its note is indis- tinguishable from that of curvicauda but it is much less frequently heard. The earliest recorded date of its cap- ture at Moline is August 4th. 21. Amblycorypha oblongifolia De bzrw. 22 PSOE. Geer. This species like the last is par- tial to shrubs but it is much more com- mon in the vicinity of houses in towns. Its note is a quick shuffling sound which resembles ‘‘Katy” or ‘‘Katy-did” very slightly. It sometimes flies in the eve- ning but much more rarely than SS. cz7- vicauda. It makes its appearance in the neighborhood of Moline about the first of August. 22. eight seconds. The first part of the song lasts I have not taken this species before the 7th of Sep ember. 41. Orchelimum volantum n. sp. A second species occurs here which I think has not been described unless I am mistaken in my identification of longtpennts. Inthis case the supposed new species might be the latter. The specimens which I refer to dongipennis agree in every. particular with the de- scription of that species and the new species does not agree inthe characters given and it has so many characters strikingly ditferent from any Orchel- imum that I know that I think there can be little risk in making a synonym if I describe it. Length of body, @ .72 2 1.04; length of elytra gt @ 1.40; length of wings @ 1.12 @ 1.50; length of posterior femora g .66 2 .88; length of antennae @ 2.25 @ 2.50; length of ovipositor .44. The general col- or is green with the usual brown band on the head and pronotum -very incomplete. On the disk of the pronotum it divides into two stripes which form almost a complete ellipse enclosing a short stripe on the front part of the disk while on the poste- rior part these stripes diverge but do not ex- tend beyond the principal sulcus. The pro- notum is of medium size, with the lateral lobes well rounded on their lower border and the humeral sinus deep. The vertex is de- cidedly turned up at the tip and the occiput is flat so that the top of the head is strongly concave. The elytra and wings are very long and narrower in proportion than in any February 1So1.] other Orchelimum. The elytra are so strongly reticulate that they look rough. In the female they are peculiar in having the anal field form a distinct angle (as in Scud- deria) with the rest of the elytra. In the male they are peculiar in that the posterior vein of the stridulating apparatus is trans- verse instead of oblique as in the other spe- cies and only half the length of the adjacent vein on the right instead of twice as long as it is usually. The posterior femora are slender and armed below on the posterior half with several smallspines. The ovipos- itor of the female is long, slightly curved on its upper side and slenderly acute. This very marked and handsome spe- cies I found on the banks of Rock River near Cleveland in Henry County. The specimens upon which this description is based were found in a clump of rank growing Sagittarta vartabil’s which grew in the angle of an old wall that had once formed a part of the founda- tion of a mill. A peculiarity in the stridulation attracted my attention and led to the discovery of this as well as the preceding species. I was passing this forementioned clump of weeds in a canoe when the peculiar stridulation fell upon my ear and I at once proceded to investigate the cause. These specimens, unlike any Orchelimum with which I PST CHE. 27 am acquainted, flew about from one broad leaf to another. The song has a new note in it. It may be represented as follows: zip-zip kr-ze-e-e kr-ze-e-e, the last part of the song not lasting more than a half to three quarters of a second and is always preceded by the sound which I represent imperfectly by kr. I have found this species in no other place and it must be very rare as its unusual note would have betrayed it to me if I had ever been near it. Two males and two females taken August roth. 41. Udeopsylla nigra Scudd. I have found this species not uncommon in woods from the first to the middle of June. 42. Ceuthophilus maculatus Say. A rare species at Moline, a few specimens taken in June. 43. Ceuthophilus latens Scudd. Not uncommon in the latter part of June. 44. Ceuthophilus niger (?) Scudd. I have a single immature specimen which I refer to this species. 45. * Ceuthophilus gractlipes Scudd. Mr. S. H. Scudder gives Southern Illi- nois as a locality for this species. I have not identified it. MariINneE Insects. Those interested in this somewhat restricted field will find in last year’s Revue biologique of Lille an interest- ing contribution to the subject by Prof. R. Moniez, entitled Acariens et insectes marins des cétes du Boulonnais. Six species of Thysanura of four genera, one of Coleoptera (Micralymma) and one of Diptera (Chiron- omus) are recorded. THE TRUSTEES OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE have recently established in the agricultural department a chair of entomology and zo- édlogy, and filled it by the election of Dr. Clarence M. Weed, now in charge of the entomological department of the Ohio Ex- periment Station at Columbus. Professor Weed is also editor of the entomological de- partment of the American naturalist. 28 PS LEME. ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF DIABROTICA {February 1891. 12-PUNCPATA, OLIV: BY H. GARMAN, LEXINGTON, KY. This insect is deserving of especial attention just now because it appears to be undergoing a change of habit similar to those undergone in the past by sev- eral other native American insects, and probably due to the destruction, by the cultivation of land and by grazing, of the wild plants upon which it has hith- erto subsisted. This explanation of its sudden appearance recently over a wide extent of territory as a corn-infesting insect seems to me the only one war- ranted by the published facts of its his- tory. Until 1888 Dzabrotica 12-punctata did not appear in the literature of eco- nomic entomology as an important en- emy of any of our staple crops. Mr. B. D. Walsh, writing in 1866 (Pract. €Nnit., Veo U,))110)) and referring to the beetle, states that ‘‘it is very injurious to flowers especially to Dahlias,” and in- fers that it is in part responsible for an injury to the leaves of melons, cucum- bers and other plants, of which one of his correspondents complains. In 1868 Walsh and Riley (Am. ent. v. I, 227) in reply to a correspondent in Bushberg, Missouri, wrote of the same beetle, ‘‘The yellow beetle with twelve black spots which we herewith illustrate (Fig. 168, twice natural size) which has been so destructive to your water melons and Hubbard squashes, is the 12-spotted Diabrotica.” In the same and place in reply to R. D. Parker of Man- hattan, Kansas, these authors state that insects sent to them for determination are also D. 12-punctata. In1$70 Prof.C.V. Riley (zd Mis- souri Report, 66) wrote that the beetle ‘‘may often be found embedded in the rind of both melons, cucumbers and squashes,” a statement which is re- peated in 1872 by Mr. E. B. Reed (Ent. soc. Ont., Report foris71,, 91). Prof. S. A. Forbes somewhat extends the knowledge of the food-habits of the beetle by recording in his first report as State Entomologist of Illinois (p. 104) that it was observed Aug. 1, 1882, feed- ing on the pollen of corn and on the blossoms of clover. One of the most notable cases of in- jury by the beetle is that reported in 1888 by the editors of Insect life (v. 1, 58). In an orchard at Hernden, Virginia, planted chiefly in 1887, young apricot and plum trees are stated to have been badly injured in late April and early May by the beetles, which devoured the leaves as they unfolded. The land on which the trees were planted was mostly in corn in 1887, but a half acre had been in melons. In concluding their notice the authors use the follow- ing words: ‘It is safe to say, however, that this occur- ~ rence is exceptional, and that it depended almost entirely upon the peculiar circum- [February 1891. stance of a young orchard having been planted close to a last year’s melon patch, which was not replanted this year. The bee- tles undoubtedly bred upon the melons last season and hibernated in large numbers. The present spring, finding no more appro- priate food at hand they took to the young plums and apricots merely as a substitute. We have little fear, therefore, that a new habit has been formed.” What basis the authors had for the positive statement that the beetles bred upon the melons I am unable to say, but it is more than probable from what is now known of the life-history of the insect that many of the beetles had de- veloped instead on the roots of the corn. These references and quotations will serve my purpose of presenting the in- sect as it was known to entomologists during the time which they cover. It is to be noticed that no reference is made to the larva except that implied in the statement made by the editors of Insect life to the effect that the beetles breed upon If these authors had known at the time their notice was writ- ten that larval Diabrotica 12-punctata feed on the roots of corn we may assume that they would have mentioned it in reporting a case in which the relation between the injury to the trees and the corn-infesting habit is so evident. During the years 1882 and 1883 Prof. S. A. Forbes made a thorough study of the related D. longicornis, which affects the roots of corn in Illinois and other middle states. In this region D. 12-punctata is a very common species, occurring everywhere in gardens and melons. BST CPE. 29 fields on flowers. With the thorough examination of insects from the roots of corn which to my knowledge was made by him, itis altogether unlikely that it would have escaped notice if its larvae had then been present in any numbers in corn fields. In the report for 1887 (published in 18838) of the Entomologist of the Na- tional Department of Agriculture, Mr. F. M. Webster states in a brief notice that while in Louisiana in 1886: “We frequently heard of fields of young corn being seriously injured, during some seasons, by a small white worm which at- tacked the roots, usually during April. From the description given us of the pest and its manner of attacking the plants, we first thought it might be the larva of D. longi- cornts, as the habitat of that species is known to extend southward to Central America. On April 12 of the present year [1887] we were enabled to solve the problem by finding con- siderable numbers of these larvae in a field of corn in Tensas Parish, La., where they were working considerable mischief by killing the young plants. As observed by us, their mode of attack differed from that of their northern congener in that they did not ap- pear to attack the fibrous roots or bury them- selves in longitudinal channels excavated in the larger roots. On the contrary, they bur- rowed directly into the plants at or near the upper whorl of roots, which almost invariably resulted in the death of the plant. . . . Both of these fields had produced cotton the pre- ceding year. The adult beetles were fre- quently seen before we observed the larvae, but they were not abundant about the plants in the corn fields, being usually on the yellow blossoms of a species of Aster which springs up in cultivated grounds early in the spring in great abundance. No pupae were found, although careful search was made for them.” 30 VOI A Va Vike The above is the earliest notice of D. 12-punctata asa corn insect of import- ance which I have seen. Unfortunately the writer does not state whether his conclusion as to the author of the injury was the result of inference, or was ar- rived at by carrying the larvae through their transformations. From the fact that he had not found pupae up to the time of writing, it is proper to assume that the transformations were not ob- served. As a possible clue to one of the original food-plants of the larva atten- tion is directed to the fact that he found the beetles Aster growing on cultivated ground. (From its yellow color the plant would appear to belong to some other genus.) If, as is not unlikely from an observation made by Prof. Lugger and reported farther on, the plants observed by Mr. Webster abundant on an are attacked by the larvae, the fact may have an important economic bearing. [February 1891, During the years 1889 and 18go the injury from larvae to corn attracted at- tention over a wide area of country. To my knowledge it has been witnessed in Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louis- Arkansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. My own observations began July 15, 18Sg, and have continued, as other work permitted, to the presenttime. - 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. ee 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00 U.S. se es Coe Bulletins, Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6,7 C ° » 1.00 —Third Report, Washington; 1883 . 2.50 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 . 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. FOR SALE. Ceylon, Java, Borneo and New Guinea Insects» especially Lepidoptera and Coleoptera singly or in lots. Also Orthoptera, dragon-flies, land and fresh water shells at low prices. H. FRUHSTORFER, Care German Consulate, Soerabaia, Java. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. Cc. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. | 8th inst.* Pex CEE, HXPERIMENTS FOR THE DESTRUCTION: OF CHINCH BUGS BY INFECTION. BY FRANCIS H. SNOW, LAWRENCE, KANSAS. [Annual address of the retiring president of the Cambridge Entomological Club, 12 February, 1892. ] I regret my inability to be present at the annual meeting of the Club on the I, however, forward the fol- lowing account of my experiments for the destruction of chinch bugs in the field by the artificial introduction of contagious diseases. This as my annual address as president of the Club. One of your former presi- dents, Prof. S. A. Forbes of Illinois, may serve adopted a similar subject for his annual address. At the outset, I desire to call your attention to the difference between my own experiments and those of Prof. Forbes. The latter has been working for several years in the line of commun- icating contagious diseases to chinch bugs by means of artificial cultures of _ the microscopic plants which produce a - disease. He has not, however, thus far, been successful in communicating disease to chinch bugs in the fields by means of artificial cultures. In my own experiments, continued now for three years, I have proceeded upon a different basis. Recognizing the failure of previous attempts to destroy chinch *The address reached the Club too late for the meet- ing of 8 January. bugs by the application of artificial cul- tures of disease germs, I conceived a very simple idea of making the chinch bug himself the vehicle for the commu- nication of disease in the field. Dr. Otto Lugger of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in the autumn of 1888 distributed in certain fields infested with chinch bugs the dead bodies of bugs that had died in other fields from disease which was naturally present. Dr. Lugger, how- ever, was in doubt as to whether disease was actually communicated in the field by these dead bugs, thinking that per- haps the disease after all might have reached the fields in which he distrib- uted his material by the natural progress of the disease from field to field. So far as I know, Dr. Lugger did not fur- ther continue these experiments, and made no investigations in the labora- tory with reference to preserving the infection through the winter and exper- imenting in the following season with infection thus preserved. In June, 1889, I obtained the first material for my experiments from a farm in Morris County, Kansas. This material consisted of Empusa, deter- 226 mined as EHmpusa aphidis by Dr. Thaxter, and doubtless identical with the Entomophthora of Prof. Forbes’s presidential address. With this material I was able to test my theory that chinch bugs from the field having been made sick by contact with the dead bodies of bugs killed by dis- ease in the laboratory, if turned loose in the field would communicate the disease to the field bugs. I found that in the lab- oratory exposure of healthy bugs to bugs dead from disease, was invariably fol- lowed by the death of the exposed bugs in from eight to twelve days. A simi- lar operation in the field led to the same result. I have thus experimented with all three diseases now known as fatal to chinch bugs: —the Sforotrichum Llobuliferum of Spegazzini which I have called the ‘‘white fungus” dis- ease: the Empusa aphidis of Hoffman which I have called the ‘‘gray fungus” disease; and the JWrerococcus tnsecto- rum of Burrill, which is a bacterial dis- ease. The Sforotrichum globuliferum (thus determined by Dr. Thaxter) is identical with Botrytis referred to by Prof. Forbes in his address. I have been able to keep two of these diseases alive through two successive winters in my laboratory, and have been able to supply farmers with infection upon demand in the following season. My experiments have shown that the two fungus diseases, Sporotrichum and Empusa, are more destructive in damp weather than in dry, while the bacterial disease (Micrococcus) is most destruc- PST CHE. | March 1892. tive in hot, dry weather; thus in 1890, which was a very dry year in Kansas, the crops being seriously injured by drouth in all parts of the State, the fungus diseases had very little effect in the destruction of the chinch bug, while the bacterial disease was exceedingly destructive. During which was a wet year in Kansas up to the end of July, the fungus diseases sent out from my laboratory again re- sumed their destructive effect fields; the bacterial disease becoming most destructive after the close of the wet weather in July. Considerable the year 1891, in the prominence having been given to the subject of my experi- ments during the year 18go, the legisla- ture of Kansas in February, 1891, made a special appropriation of $3,500 to enable me to continue my investigations upon a larger scale than had previously been possible. By means of this ap- propriation I have been able to equip a bacteriological laboratory and obtain the apparatus necessary. for thorough study of the subject. I have also been able to propagate infection upon a large scale, in order to meet the large de- mand from the farmers of Kansas and other States for infected chinch bugs. During the year 18g1 infection has been furnished to about 2,000 farmers, chiefly in Kansas, but also including all the western States exposed to the rav- ages of the chinch bug. I have re- ceived 1,390 reports from farmers stat- ing the results of their experiments. Of these field experiments 1,050 have been successful, 187 unsuccessful, and 153 March 1892. doubtful. Stated in another form 75.6 per cent of the experiments have been successful ; 13.4 per cent unsuccessful ; and I1 per doubtful. These field experiments have dis- tributed among the various States as follows: Kansas, 1,222, (successful, 953, unsuccessful, 140, doubtful, 129) ; Illinois, 40, (successful, 17, unsuccess- ful, 15, doubtful, 8) ; Texas, 26, (suc- cessful, 13, unsuccessful, 6, doubtful, 7) ; Wisconsin, 29, (successful, 13, un- successful, 13, doubtful, 3) ; Oklahoma Territory, 26, (successful, 20, unsuc- cessful, 4, doubtful, 2); Missouri, 13, (successful, 11, unsuccessful, 2) ; Lowa, I5, (successful, 9, unsuccessful, 5, doubtful, 1) ; Minnesota, 8, (successful, 3, unsuccessful, 2, doubtful, 3) ; Indian Territory, 2, (successful, 2) ; Nebraska, 6, (successful, 6) ; Indiana, 1, (success- ful) ; Arkansas, 1, (successful) ; Miss- issippi, I, (successful). In order to assure myself of the actual condition of the experiments in the field, I have personally visited a large num- ber of fields during the past season while the experiments were being per- formed, and have kept a field agent con- stantly in the field during a large part of the time. He has made a thorough examination of eighteen Kansas coun- ties and has assisted in determining the true character of the field experiments, corroborating in a great majority of instances the reports of the farmers as to the working of the infection in their fields. In this address I cannot enter exten- sively into the subject of these experi- cent been me materially PSTCHE. 227 ments, but will give a brief statement of the principal points connected with the laboratory work with each of the two fungus diseases. On May 23d we began our experi- ments with Sporotrichum. We dis- tributed some fungus-covered bugs from the field of Mr. Mattocks in six infec- tion jars. Into the jars had been put soil taken from the yard, and green Fresh chinch bugs sent by the farmers were put into the jars — enough to thickly cover the bottom. The jars were covered with cheese cloth and set into a glass case containing moist sand. The soil in the infection jars was not watered, so that the bugs were in a humid atmosphere but not in contact with water. We were in this way able to secure the best conditions for the de- velopment of the fungus. When the bugs died in the jars new bugs from the field were put in — the date of restock- ing being also a record of the time when the bugs in the jars had nearly all died. The following is the memoran- dum for the six jars started May 23d: May 23, June 4, June 20. May 23, May 27, June 4, June 15. May 23, June 4, June 15. May 23, May 27, June 4, June 15, June 20. May 23, May 27, June 4, June 15, June 20. Seven jars were started May 25th. Their record is as follows: May 25, June 4, June 19. May 25, June 4, June 15. May 25, June 4, June 15. May 25, June 4, June 15. wheat. 228 May 25, June 2, June 11, June 20. May 25, June 4, June 15. May 25, June 2, June 11, June 1g. Four jars started May 27 have the following record: May 27, June 6, June 15. May 27, June 11, June 15, June'20. May 27, June 6, June 15. May 27, June 6, June 15, June 21. Thirteen jars started June znd, each jar being infected with four fungus- covered bugs from the preceding jars, are recorded as follows: June 2, June 11, June 20. June 2, June 11, June 19. June 2, June 11, June 19. June 2, June 7, June 15. June 2, June ifs Junerns, june 20. June 2, June 11, June 19. June 2, June 11, June 19. June 2, June 11, June 20. June 2, June 15. June 2, June 11, June 1g. June 2, June rr, June rg. June 2, June ri June 15; June 20. June 2; June‘rr1, June 15, June 20. One jar started June 4 ran: June 4, June rr, June 20. One jar started June 5 ran: June 5, Juners5, June zo. Four jars started June 6 are recorded : June's, June 15, June ze; June 6, June 15, June ro. June 6, June 15. June 6, Jane’ ro: The bugs put into the jars on the sev- eral dates were from all parts of the chinch bug district of the State of Kan- sas. ‘They were for the most part just received from the mail and were in vig- PST CHF. [March 1892. orous condition. They were kept sup- plied with green wheat. While the bugs in the infected jars were dying at inter- vals of five to ten days, bugs from the same lots in isolated check jars remained alive and vigorous. By June 20th the demand for infected bugs was so large that the jar method of infection required more attention than we were able to give it. The results of our separate lots were so uniform and the Sporotrichum so vigorous and ever- present that the further watching of sep- arate lots seemed useless. Accordingly June 20th a large glass case was ar- ranged with damp sand three inches deep over the bottom. About ten dead bugs covered with Sporotrichum were scattered over the sand and large quan- tities of live bugs from the field were put in, with plenty of green wheat. In nine days the bottom of the case was thickly sprinkled with white fungus- covered bugs and in thirteen days only a few live bugs remained and the case was restocked. The infection continued to work so rapidly in this case that we in filling from it twenty-five to one hundred orders daily. Vast numbers of young red chinch bugs were put into the case together with the found no trouble adults and they too were an easy prey to the disease. Minute points of white made their bodies conspicuous among the larger flecks of white where the adult bugs lay covered with Sporotri- chum. On June 28th Ampusa aphidis was first noticed in the infecting case. Up to this date it had not made its ap- “March 1892. pearance in our laboratory in 1891. From this time till the middle of August it multiplied its victims in the infecting cases. For a short time it became more conspicuous than Sporotrichum and then subsided. On July 4th we began experimenting with common shallow dry goods boxes for infecting cases. The inside of the boxes was sprinkled and the bottoms thickly covered with green wheat. A few fungus-covered bugs were sprinkled over the wheat and new bugs from the field were put in in large numbers. Within a week the white fungus-cov- ered bugs were thickly spread over the bottoms and in places the white bugs were literally in heaps. Continued ex- periments showed that damp wooden boxes offered the best conditions for the development of the fungus and the glass cases were no longer used. . Sporo- trichum, like most fungi, thrives best in a moist atmosphere, but an excess of water, such as occurs in a wet soil or along the sides of a glass case where the vapor often becomes condensed, is detrimental to its development. In the wooden boxes the atmosphere was abun- dantly humid; but water that was sprinkled in from time to time or that became condensed on the sides of the boxes was at once absorbed by the wood. During July and August Sporotrichum continued to spread through successive lots of fresh bugs from the fields. Em- pusa was always present but was not sO conspicuous in its ravages as Sporo- trichum. In the first weeks of Sep- PSYCHE. 229 tember the diseases began to subside and by the middle of October neither Sporotrichum nor Empusa appeared to be spreading further. Nor is it at all probable that the diseases are lost. The observations on the life history of these fungi which follow show that provision is made for a period of rest. June 28th the spores of Sporotrichum were transferred by means of a sterilized needle from the dead body of a chinch bug to fifteen culture plates. The cul- ture mixture of beef broth and Irish moss; enough of the mucilaginous decoction of the moss being added to the beef broth to give a solid medium at 80° F. Within forty- eight hours the spores had germinated and branching mycelia could be seen spreading through the medium. With- in three days spores were produced in abundance, but only one spot on one of the fifteen plates was found to be a pure culture, Aspergillus mucor and bacteria being mixed with all the other growths of Sporotrichum. From the one pure spot spores were transferred to three new plates, and the resulting growths were all pure. The germinating spore puts forth a medium was a mycelium which branches as it grows. At intervals mycelial branches shoot upwards and grow over the surface of the culture arise from the conidiophore sends off branches and the spores or conidia are abscissed from these branches in clusters. medium. Conidiophores these; The average diameter of twenty spores thus produced was 2.3 micromillimeters. It is by means of 230 these minute spores that the fungus is so rapidly disseminated throughout a These spores, however, soon lose their vitality field infested with chinch bugs. (spores one month old would no longer germinate in our laboratory) and the fungus must make provision for its self- preservation during protracted periods of weather unfavorable to the develop- ment of conidial spores. Culture plates in our laboratory, cov- ered with pure cultures of Sporotrichum planted July 9, show the mycelial branches within the culture medium to be swollen at intervals to a diameter of 3.9 to 8.8 micromillimeters; the aver- age diameter of the unswollen mycelial branches being about 2.5 micromilli- meters. It seems more than probable that the function of these hyphal bodies is to carry the fungus through the cold of winter or the drought of summer. Experiments have been started in our laboratory to test the germinating power of these bodies, but too late to give the results in this paper. Resting spores are also found on the culture plates having a diameter of 20 micromillimeters, and a thickness of cell wall of 1.8 micromillimeters. Similar spores are found in the crushed bodies of chinch bugs covered with Sporotrichum. While it was found that pure cultures of Sporotrichum could easily be ob- tained, repeated attempts to inoculate chinch bugs from these pure cultures were unsuccessful. As heretofore stated Empusa aphidts was first noticed June 28. in our infection case Eight or ten bugs were found PSHCHE. [March 1892- covered with a vigorous growth of this fungus. This disease had probably been sent in from some field where it naturally existed. Empusa continued to multiply in the infection cases and by July 12th it rivalled Sporotrichum in the number of its victims. Active bugs: without external signs of disease in the afternoon would be found hanging to the wheat blades the following morning covered with a vigorous growth of Em- pusa. If the fungus were left undis- turbed it would keep on growing at the expense of the tissues of the bug until nothing were left save bits of the chitinous integument. Attempts were made to obtain pure fruiting cultures of Empusa, but without success. At first bugs covered with Empusa were placed on the surface of the culture medium in the hope that the spores would be thrown, as is the habit with this fungus, and the growth of these are spores were thrown in a ring about the bug to a distance of a quarter of an inch, but a rapid growth of bacteria from the bug broke down the culture medium and the Empusa spores did not develop. To keep the bacteria from reaching the medium a cover glass was heated over a Bunsen burner until it became very spores would give a pure culture. This was then placed on the culture medium, convex side up, and upon this were placed three bugs covered with Empusa. A mycelial growth was obtained in this way uncontaminated with bacteria; but no spores were produced. We have much convexed. March 1892. ] been unable, then, to attempt the in- oculation of chinch bugs with pure cul- tures of Empusa. That the fungus has power to rapidly spread from’ one dug to another the experiments in our infec- tion cases have clearly shown. A chinch bug covered with Empusa seems to be studded with minute gray beads. Bb. seymour). 6. On the leaves of Acer sacchari- mum. A slender fusiform gall which projects from the upper surface of the leaf. Walls thin, and smooth inside and out. Length about 4.5 mm.; greatest diameter 1 mm. Opening as usual on the under side of the leaf. Central Illinois, common; Temple, N. H., (from Prof. A. B. Seymour). 7. On the leaves of Acer sacchari- num. An Erineum forming patches along veins on the under side of the leaf. The patches are made up of great numbers of minute mushroom-shaped hairs with very short pedicels; some- times nearly sessile. The hairs and the patches which they form resemble those occurring on the under side of the leaves of A. dasycarpum, but the hairs on the latter, as far as examined, were pro- vided with longer stalks, and were not so much inflated at the extremity. The patches in A. saccharinum, too, show a tendency to develop along the main ribs, whereas in A. dasycarpum they are scattered, often occurring singly at the tips of lobes. They may notwithstanding these differences prove to be caused by the attacks of one and the same mite. All of the examples which I have seen were rather old and more were of a deep brown color, in one case almost black. Individual patches meas- ure as in diame- much as) TO man, tet April 1892.] Urbana, Ill., common; Lexington, Ky., (received from Prof. W. B. Stark and also collected by myself). 8. Onthe leaves of Acer sacchart- num. A fine Erineum forming patches of a livid color between the veins on the upper surface. The growths show a tendency to avoid the veins. They may be isolated in patches 2.5 mm. to 4 mm. in diameter and of verv irregular shape, or they may where common combine and then occasionally occupy much of the surface. On badly infested trees scant growths sometimes appear on the under side of the leaves. The color of most of the dried specimens seen is livid. In very young growths but little of this color is apparent, these being mainly pale brown when dried, probably whitish when fresh ; but some trace of the livid color can be made out A few of the growths seen were more nearly flesh color than livid. A variety of this Erineum occurs in which the livid color is almost absent, the dried specimens being of a pale brown color in the largest and oldest Even in this variety, how- in most young growths. growths. ever, close examination with a magnifier shows faint traces of the blue color. In manner of growth the two are alike. The hairs are capitate, with short stalks, and excepting for their manner of growth and color, are not very differ- ent from those forming the brown patches on the under side of leaves. Fort Mackinac, Mich., (from Prof. Wm. Trelease) ; Temple, N. H., (from Prof. A. B. Seymour). TS CHE. 243 g. On the leaves of Acer dasycar- pum. This cecidium is a pouch-shaped gall which develops on the upper side of the leaves. The mite which inhabits it was many years ago described under the name Vasates guadripfes, but is a true Phytoptus. The deformations were described by the present writer in the 12th Report of the Illinois State Ento- mologist (p. 135) as follows: ‘* The form varies to some extent, some of the galls being discoid, or more or less spherical, while occasionally two galls have a common neck and opening. At first the color of the galls is like that of the unfolding leaf, dull purple or green ; later they assume the light green color of the veins and veinlets; and still later change in many cases to purplish. Toward the end of summer they dry up and become black. The outer surface is smooth, but the walls are broadly and irregularly impressed making a very uneven outline. On the under side of the leaf tne position of the gall is usually indicated by an impression with a tuft of white hairs in the center, which tuft covers the opening into the gall. Occa- sionally the opening and tuft are borne upon a slight elevation. The height of one of the largest galls seen, measured from the upper surface of the leaf, was 0.1 inch; its diameter was 0.13 inch.” This is one of the most abundant of the mite galls in the Middle states. I have received from both Professors Sey- mour and Trelease specimens collected at Madison, Wisconsin. It is abundant throughout Illinois and Kentucky. 10. On the leaves of Acer dasycar- 244 pum. patches of closely matted capitate hairs growing on the under side of the leaf. Patches generally elongated, from a ten- An Erineum consisting of large dency of the growths not to cross vein- lets. Well defined, and varying from about 5 mm. to 10 mm. in diameter. When abundant several patches may unite, thus forming more extended ones. Leaves often bear a single patch. Some- times occurring on leaves bearing also Color pale yellowish at first, gradually changing to the pouch-shaped galls. brown with age, at the last deep brown in color. This is probably the same as No. 26 of Dr. H. Hagen’s list (Cana- dian entomologist, v. 17, p. 24), col- lected-at “Shelburne, IN; H., by Prof W. G. Farlow. Urbana, Ill., not common; Cam- bridge, Mass. and Ithaca, Wis., (from Prof. Wm. Trelease) ; Madison, Wis., (from Prof. A. B. Seymour). 11. On the leaves of Acer rubrum. An Erineum forming elongated whitish or brown patches on the veins of the up- per side of the leaf. This peculiarity of growing on the veins distinguishes this from any growth of the kind I have seen. Several others appear to avoid the veins even when covering most of the surface. The largest growths on leaves before me measure 11 mm. in length by about 4mm. in diameter. The color va- ries from whitish in the younger growths through shades of pale yellow to brown. The hairs are mushroom-shaped, as in other similar growths. The only ex- amples seen are from Temple, N. H., and were sent me by Prof. Seymour. PS CH Ey. [April 1892- 12. Onthe leaves of Acer rubrum. An Erineum growing in large patches scattered on the under side of the leaf. In color, manner of growth and char- acter of the hairs it appears to be the same as No. g described as occurring on Acer dasycarpum. I have exam- ined a single leaf bearing this deforma- tion received from Prof. Wm. Trelease and collected at Wood’s Holl, Mass. 13. On the leaves of Acer rubrum. This is a gall which does not differ in any important degree from the galls described as growing on the upper sur- face of the leaves of A. dasycarpum. I assume that it is made by the same Phytoptus, but have had no opportunity to make comparisons. It is moderately common in western Kentucky, and ap- pears to be also common in the New England and other Eastern states. I take it that Dr. Hagen’s Numbers 21, 22 and 22° (loc: cit) arevithe; same 14. Onthe leaves of Betula papy- rifera. A profusely growing Erineum forming extensive patches between the large veins diverging from the midrib on the under The growths sometimes occupy the whole of the space between two veins. The color varies from whitish in the younger growths to pale brown in the older ones. The stalks of the capitate hairs are rather long. Temple, IN. Ef... (rom) Prot. ASB: Seymour). 15. On the leaves of Betula papy- rifera. A small nodular gall which projects from both upper and under sur- side of the leaf. April 1892. ] faces of the leaf. Clothed with a fine whitish, silken pubescence. Scattered somewhat irregularly, but with a ten- dency to be most abundant near the margin. The diameter of large exam- ples is about 1 mm.; the depth is some- what less in the dried and _ pressed examples. It is sometimes associated with the Erineum just described. The color of the upper part of the gall is in the dried specimens dull purple. Be- neath, the color appears to have been like that of the under side of the leaf. Menapley IN: a. (irom: Profs A. B. Seymour). 16. On the leaves of Betula popult- folta. This consists of bright, rust- colored growths of deformed hairs in hollows on the under side of the leaf. The corresponding convexity showing on the upper side is devoid of hairs, but is often of a yellowish color. The growths when isolated frequently have a circular outline and are from 2 mm. to 3 mm. in diameter. become elongated and may measure as much as 10 mm. in length, then occu- pying much of the space between two of the veins which diverge from the midrib. The number of growths ona single leaf varies in seventeen leaves before me from one to fourteen. In three of the seventeen there are imper- fect growths on the upper side of the leaf. The hairs of the growth are capi- tate. femple, IN: H., (irom Prof. A. B- Seymour). 17. On the leaves of Betula (lenta?). A profusely growing Erineum at first Large growths Jato Ad OFS ay 245 forming straggling patches and lines on and along the veins on the upper sur- face of the leaf. Where abundant eventually forming continuous bands upon the veins which diverge from the midrib. The growths very rarely origi- nate away from the veins on the upper surface, but imperfect growths appear sometimes on the under side, here be- tween the veins, suggesting that it is the structure of the surface, which in- fluences the disposition of the growths. The color of very young growths is whitish ; on older leaves it is brown, while on several of the largest leaves examined there is an indication of purple on some parts of the bands. Hairs capi- tate, stalks rather long. Described from specimens sent me from,’ heniple; N.. 24... by Prof: 1A. B. Seymour. From the character of the leaves and the bark accompanying them I judge the species to be &. /enta. To.- On the leaves of Fuglans cin- A button-shaped gall on the upper side of the leaf. ered. The galls are green in color, sometimes a trifle lighter in shade than the leaf. 2mm. to 3 mm. in diameter, and are They vary from about 2 mm. in height; the base is Beneath, the galls are open for almost the entire sometimes a trifle constricted. width, but the opening is occupied by a dense growth of whitish or brownish contorted hairs. On fifty-one leaves before me the number of galls on a single leaf varies from one to eighteen. Occasional galls occur with the opening on the upper side. abundant in examples collected Aug. 15. The Phytopti are 246 Jessamine Co., Ky., frequent. 19. Onthe leavesof Fagus ferru- ginea. An Erineum which grows on the upper side of the leaf where it fol- lows the veins, forming bands or elon- When young, apparently of a whitish color. When abundant, causing the leaf to turn brown so that the position of growths can be recognized by examining the under side. Sometimes forming a close velvety covering on the upper surface. Never, as far as examined, very dark in color. Sometimes associated with the next, of which it may bea variety. -gated patches of a brown color, Hairs capitate. Temple, N. H., (from Prof. A. B. Seymour) ; Ft. Mackinac, Mich., (from Prof. Wm. Trelease). 20. On the leaves of Fagus ferru- _ginea. An Erineum forming very dark brown patches on the under side of the leaf, between the veins. Patches vary- ing in shape and extent, frequently elon- -gated, sometimes forming a continuous ‘band between veins. Color of all the specimens seen dark brown, but prob- ably lighter when young. When occur- ying on the same leaf as the preceding, PSLCHE: [ April 1892. and so presumably of the same age, Hairs cap- itate, with rather long stalks, not notice- ably different from hairs on the upper surface of a leaf received from Prof. always the darker in color. Trelease, but with longer stalks than those from the upper side of leaves from Peniple; Ns: The growth is extremely common in western Kentucky, where most of the leaves of a tree may often be seen bear- ing it. Western Kentucky; Ft. Mackinac, Mich., and Wood’s Holl, Mass.. (from Prof. Wm. Trelease). EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6. Fig. 1. Leafof Myssa multiflora, showing cecidii described as No. 1; a, section of cecidium. Fig. 2. Leaf of Wyssa multiflora, showing cecidii described as No. 2; a, section of folded leaf margin. Fig. 3. Tuft of hairs from leaf of Potentilla canadensis. Fig. 4. Capitate hairs from Erineum on under side of leaves of Betula popu- lifolia. Fig. 5. Capitate hairs from No. 19. Notes. — The Massachusetts legislature has granted another $75,000 to stamp out the gypsy moth. The attention of entomologists should be drawn to an interesting paper by Mr. L. O. Howard on the biology of the Chalcididae which appears in the current Proceedings of the U. S. national museum. A mass of details concerning insect-parasitism is there brought together in a highly instructive manner which merits at least the perusal of every person engaged in any field work; problems requiring solution are suggested by the wholesale, and clews are given to others which are well worth following. The bio- logical side of entomology is in no danger of suffocation at the national capital with such men as Riley, Howard, and Schwarz at the front. In the last number of Psyche, fig. 3 on p. 237, showing the antenna of Goniops en- larged, is accidentally printed upside down. _ Pysche, 1892, Vol 6. Plate 6: Be ad ee April 1892. | PS CHE. A NEW GENUS OF TACHINIDAE. BY Ca, H- I am indebted to Professor Brauer, of Vienna, for a note to the effect that the species which I described under the name of Meigenia hyphantriae (Psyche, vi. 176) is not a Mezgenza, but a new genus. I have always recognized the fact that this, and one or two other spe- cies which I have referred to Mezgenza, did not belong there strictly. They seemed to come closest to that genus, and therefore I referred them there pro- visionally, until some better place could be found for them. I must, however, confess to a misconception of the genus, as originally understood by me. The present seems a good opportu- nity to present a characterization of the new genus. HYPHANTROPHAGA, Nn. gen. Ashy gray species of rather less than me- dium size; belongs in Tachininae s. str. Head rather semicircular in profile; front hardly prominent, one-third to three-sevenths width of head in 2, and about one-fourth to three- elevenths in @; frontal bristles descending about to base of third antennal joint, two orbital bristles in Q (three on right side in one 9), none in @. Face receding, epis- toma not prominent; facial depression three- fifths width of face in @, relatively narrower in 2, moderately deep; facial ridges with a few fine bristles which extend less than half way up, slightly constricted just above oral margin where the decussate vibrissae are in- serted; sides of face and cheeks bare, the cheeks about one-fifth eye-height in @, less in g@. Eyes faintly and rather sparsely short TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEXICO. hairy in Y, more distinctly so in @. An- tennae somewhat shorter than face, second joint hardly elongate, third about two and a half times as long as second in 9 and three times in §, narrow, not widened; arista thin, minutely pubescent, apparently 2-jointed, slightly thickened at base. Proboscis short, fleshy, labella large; palpi rather slender, slightly thickened apically. Thorax nearly as wide as head; scutellum with a weak de- cussate apical pair of bristles, a weak discal pair, and two strong lateral pairs. Abdomen of 2 fully as wide as thorax, short oval, rather narrower than thorax in @, ovo-coni- cal, first segment shortened; macrochaetae marginal, except on last segment which bears both discal and marginal in both sexes; hy- popygium of @ hardly exserted. Legs rather short, not strong, bristly; claws and pulvilli elongate in @, much less soin 2. Wings longer than abdomen, without costal spine, third vein bristly at base; apical cell open, sometimes very narrowly, a little before tip of wing; fourth vein bent at an obtuse angle, without stump or wrinkle, apical cross-vein slightly concave; hind cross-vein rather sin- uate in g, usually less so in Q, ending nearer to bend of fourth vein. Type, Ay- phantrophaga hyphantriae 'Twns., Psyche, vi. 176-177, there referred to Metgenia. The above-referred to description in Psyche, of the species, was drawn from specimens only, and not from both sexes as there indicated; the whole de- scription should be applied only to fe- males. Froma ¢ which issued August 31, and another a little later, are drawn the characteristic differences given in the above generic description, distinct- ive of that sex. 248 PSYCHE. {April 1892. THE LARVA OF NOLA MINUSCULA. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NOLA MINUSCULA Zeller. 1872. Zeller, Verhandl. d. k. k. zool.-bot. gesellsch., v. 22, 455. Var. FUSCULA Grote. 1881. Grote, Papilio, v. 1, 76. 1887. Butler, Ent. amer., v. 3, 120. pr. var. 1867. Grote, “Ent. amer:, v. 3, 147. pr- var. The larva of this species probably has six stages, five of which I have observed. Egg. The eggs as taken from the body of a 2 moth are spheroidal, much flattened at base, apparently covered with large contigu- ous depressions; color uniform pale green; diameter about 0.33 mm. First larval stage. Not observed. Second stage. Head, cervical shield and anal plate black; width of the first 0.25 mm. Body thick and plump, not different in structure from that of the mature larva, the warts small, dark brown, bearing three or four rather short blackish hairs. Color pale whitish, with a broad diffuse brown sub- dorsal shade. Third stage. The head is now pale brown with black ocelli; width 0.3 mm. The body is as before but the brown subdorsal band is more distinct. Fourth stage. Head brown, the ocelli and mouth darker brown; widtho.5 mm. Other- wise much as in the next stage but the mark- ings less distinct. Fifth stage. Head round, pale brown; width 0.7 mm. _ Body thick, some- what flattened, tapering a little each way from the middle, with three rows of large, smooth, shining dark brown warts, the third row pale, bearing spreading, long, thin, white and blackish hairs. Row 1 is sub- dorsal, two on each segment on joints 2-4, 2 lateral and 3 subventral with some very small, YOSEMITE, CAL. minute warts, 4 below. Cervical shield large, deep brown with a whitish dorsal line bisecting it. Color of body sordid white, a pair of broad deep brown subdorsal bands, somewhat irregular, narrow on joints 3 and 4 and connected by a transverse bar over the dorsum on joint 7 and sometimes also onjoint 5. Length of larva 5 mm. Sixth stage. Head as before; width 1 mm: Body wider than high, rounded, hardly tapering at all, feet asin Nola with only four pair of abdominal Warts I very large, oblong as if of two coalesced, 2 and 3 also large, 4 very small, subventral. The color varies much in different examples but the ground color is nearly white or tinged with reddish, the body shaded with blackish brown more or less, having a double dorsal, two waved lateral and a straight substigmatal line of the ground color, or the black may be reduced to a few reddish streaks, but always on joints 3 and 4 is a patch of the ground color bordered by a waved subdorsal black line. Warts pale, except rows 1 and 2 on joints 5-12 which are cinnamon brown or partly blackish. Cervical shield deep shiny brown, bisected. In one the warts of row 3 are yellowish. Spiracles black. Hair of irregular length, but longest at the extrem- ities, blackish. Cocoon. Elliptical, opaque, sordid white, composed of white silk, quite tough and in- termingled sparsely with the larval hairs. Dimensions 8X4 mm. Pupa. Cylindrical, tapering each way from the middle but most posteriorly; abdo- men rounded, no cremaster. Body, except the cases, covered with long, rather dense pile; color pale brown, paler on the cases. Length 6 mm.; width 1.7 mm. this stage 18 days. Food plant. Willow (Salix). ones. Duration of The larvae April 1892.] live singly, eat only the parenchyma of the leat from the under side and hide by day in dry curled leaves that adhere to the twigs or in some other place of concealment on the branch. In this habit they differ from other Nola larvae that I have met with, which do not hide and eat the leaf from the top side only. Habitat. Texas (Zeller), Colorado (Grote), Santa Barbara and Ventura Coun- ties, California. It will probably also be found in the intermediate territory in the cafions and arroyos where willows grow. A DipTERouS PARASITE OF THE TOAD. In the Zoologischer anzeiger, jahrg. 14, no. 379, Dec. 14, ’91, p. 453-455, Duncker describes an interesting case of parasitism. A number of common toads were found in the neighborhood of Kiel with their nares eaten out and their heads swollen in the buccal region. The animals moved about languidly holding their heads down and when kept in confinement rubbed their nares against the walls and floor of the terrarium ‘‘as if to relieve themselves of an itching sensation.” One of the animals thus confined died and was soon afterwards found completely skeletonized. The moss in which it was buried contained many white fly larvae (8 mm. long, 2 mm. broad). These soon pupated and in about 4 weeks gave rise to more than 50 flies which proved to be Luctlia sylvarum. Duncker that the eggs or very young larvae are de- posited in the nares of the toad. The larvae first eat their way backwards to the buccal re- gion and finally devour all the soft parts of the animal, even the ligaments of the bones. He expressly states that it is not the weak and sickly toads which are selected by the flies, since he has found infected specimens that had just sloughed their skins and were to all appearances in good health. Further- more none of the infected toads appeared to have been wounded. claims PS REE. 249 HENRY WALTER BATES. It is not in London alone that the death of Henry Walter Bates will be deplored. He was one of the four entomologists — Wallace, Weismann, and Fritz Miiller being the others —who have most distinguished themselves in support of the derivative theory of organic life, and who have gained for it independent evidence from new fields of research with which their names will be indissolubly asso- ciated. With the exception of Weismann all are Europeans who gained their inspiration in Brazil, and it was there that Bates was first brought face to face with the most patent facts of mimicry. The world has admired the unassuming attitude of Darwin and of Wallace, as well as their genius, and the same attitude may be claimed for Bates, whose striking contribu- tion to the philosophy of mimicry was mod- estly hidden in a systematic essay on the butterflies of the Amazons, the title of which made no reference to the fact. Had it not been accompanied by colored plates specially illustrative of the theory there broached, and had it not appeared in the heat of the Dar- winian uprise, it would have lain dormant Yet he was the first in ex- planation of the facts to offer a theory worth a moment’s consideration; it has since re- - ceived no correction for many a year. and no noteworthy modification, and stands today as clear and satisfactory a statement of the whole matter as has ever since been made. Bates was born Feb. 8, 1825; at twenty- three he left for Brazil where he spenteleven years in collecting. On his return he pub- lished his Naturalist on the Amazons, which gained him the post of assistant secretary to the Geographical society, which he held until his death, Feb. 16, 1892. was mainly in diurnal Lepidoptera and Cole- optera, especially the Carabidae, and, ac- cording to McLachlan, he left behind him an His systematic work incomplete work on the classification of this family besides copious biological notes and 250 sketches taken in Brazil. He was a man of rugged appearance who had plainly struggled with physical ills, but whose face was lighted by sincerity and geniality, as every American who had the good fortune to meet him will recall. EXPERIMENTS WITH CHINCH BUGS. —I no- tice in the second paragraph of the very in- teresting and important address of Professor Snow published in your last, a slight inaccu- racy, to which I should not think it worth while to call attention if it did not seem that his statement as it stands might have the effect to discourage investigation of a subject scarcely touched as yet, by any one. I have never made any attempt to communicate disease to chinch bugs in the field by artificial cultures or in any other way, and hence can- not be said to have failed in this experiment. My experimental work with diseases of this insect has been hitherto limited to the lab- oratory, where the results have been various, ibut on the whole very interesting and sugges- tive. Professor Snow is certainly entitled to great credit for his systematic and persistent experiments with the transfer of the chinch- bug diseases by the method of contagion. The other field is as yet practically un- worked. S.A. Forbes- PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 11 DECEMBER 1891.—The of the club was held at 156 Brattle St. S. Henshaw was chosen chairman. Mr. A. P. Morse recorded the capture of Melanoplus minor at Sherburne and Welles- ley in this State and at North Conway, N.H. According to Mr. Scudder this spe- cies has not been previously recorded from New England. Mr. S. H. Scudder showed some plates he had recently received from Mr. W. H. Ed- wards of the larvae of Papilio zolicaon and of the various stages of Odcenezs uhleri. This led to some discusssion of the distribution of 166th meeting Mr. PSKCHE. the species of Oeneis and of some other boreal and alpine insects. Mr. S. H. Scudder remarked that in con- sequence of the statement in his Butterflies of New England (p. 724-725) of the possi- bility of the occurrence of fleshy filaments in the earliest stages of the larva of Anosza Plextppus on the second abdominal segment comparable to those occurring on this seg- ment in Zasztia berentce or on the eighth ab- dominal segment in both species, he had made a very careful examination of living specimens in the first and second larval stages and found that neither on the second abdominal nor on the third thoracic segment (where filaments occur in other genera of the subfamily) could any trace of them be found. Mr. Scudder also called attention to a new illustration of the effect of climate on the development of butterflies in some experi- ments made with Oenezs semtdea. Out ofa lot of eggs laid July 20-25, and widely dis- tributed, the first young caterpillars moulted in West Virginia on August 15; by Atgust 27 two more had changed, together with one in Philadelphia, and on September 5, one had moulted in West Virginia for the second time. In Cambridge, however, the single sur- viving larva was still in the first stage on Sept. 11, and the same was true at Ottawa as late as Sept. 4, at about which time one passed the first moult, and another early in October. He then exhibited some interesting new species of Orthoptera lately received from Mr. Blatchley, from Vigo County, Indiana. Some discussion followed with regard to the gypsy moth (Ocnerta dispar). Mr. S. Henshaw stated that the larvae of this spe- cies are gregarious in Europe, while in this country they scatter soon after hatching. Mr. Scudder showed a monograph of the trees which furnished the amber of the Bal- tic, by Conwentz, which contained notes on the diseases of these trees as caused by in- sects. The work is illustrated by excellent plates, and the borings of a beetle referred to Anthaxia and of a fly supposed to belong to Sciara are figured. Pay fe A eo froin Al On ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 198. May, 1892. CONTENTS: CONCERNING THE BLOOD-TISSUE OF THE INSECTA. —III (Concluded) (Plate 7).— W. M. Wheeler TACHINID PARASITE OF EUCATERVA VARIARIA GROTE, AND OTHER Notes.—C. H. Tyler Townsend THE LARVA OF SARROTHRIPA REVEYANA.—AHarrison G. Dyar Nore (A study of California butterflies) SYNONYMY OF BUTTERFLY PARASITES.— Wm. Hampton Patton. ENTOMOLOGIcAL Notes (Henry Edwards’s Entomological collection; coleopterous fauna of the Ecuadorian Andes; formation of new colonies and nests by New Zealand ants.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. {Entered as seccnd class mail matter. ] 20C. 252 PSYCHE. May 1892. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. f= Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, if o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, ; 2c. 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FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7.45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: E. Contributions to the anat- Burgess, Danais archip- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ie North American Noctuidae. Part I. pe tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (cone taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield. Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposes for Butteniiiss. Sa- lem, 1875. c 1.00 Scudder, S. H. ‘The ane nots of Nene tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner antamblarieeue Zeitung. Jahre. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00: U.S. Bee eae Comat Bulletins, Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 5 : . 1.00 —Fourth estes Washineen: 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., eee Mass. PHALA ANGIDAE. 1 am preparing a monograph of the Phalan- gidae of North America and will be glad to get specimens from any locality. Will identify and re- turn any sent. Specimens from the Northwest, Southwest, and the Pacific coast especially desired, CLARENCE M. WEED, Hanover, N. H. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. Cc. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. + Bee Pilate ze Pysche, 1892, Vol 6. a pean 5B a 2) pA RTOS Na ae SS SSF PSY CHIE. CONCERNING THE ‘‘BLOOD-TISSUE” OF THE INSECTA.—III. BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER, WORCESTER, MASS. Ruyncuota. As representative of the Phytophthires the just-born young of a wax-secreting Aphid, which in- fests the alder, were studied. In sec- _ tions the whole body-cavity was found to be filled with a reticulate fat-body, the nuclei of which measure only 3.5 #. The oenocytes are scattered here and there throughout the reticulum appar- ently without any definite arrangement. They are large, brownish, opaque cells with sharp contour. The cytoplasm measures 12-184; the nucleus’ 5- 55. They seem to have no morpho- logical connection with the fat-body but to be merely slung in its meshes. The nuclei stain deeply and present the typi- cal finely wound chromatin skein. Some of the scattered cells were found in the three thoracic segments, whither they had probably migrated during embry- onic life from the pleural walls of the abdomen. In the prothorax only two oenocytes were found and these were placed symmetrically one on either side in the pleurae. In the mature embryo of Aanatra fusca oenocyte-clusters occur in five of the abdominal segments. They are huge yellow cells with nuclei rich in chromatin and are lodged in niche-like depressions of the pleural hypodermis. My observations on the oenocytes of Zattha fluminea are limited to a stage of the embryo immediately preceding revolution. I find in the abdomen, just outside the appendages and stigmata, a series of thickenings which foreshadow the compressed pleural rim of the larva and imago. The pair of these thicken- ings in the first abdominal segment develop excessively, bulging out con- spicuously beyond the niveau of the other thickenings, so that, had I not observed that the pleuropodia are invaginate in this form and did not their tufted secretion show clearly in the very same segment, I should have supposed that I had found a pair of evaginate knob-like appendages. Sections show that the greater development of the first pair of abdominal thickenings is due to excessive proliferation of the hypodermal cells to form a solid succu- lent mass—the oenocytes. So many of the hypodermal elements are here con- verted into oenocytes, that only a few flattened and attenuated cells remain to From the surface the oenocytes may be seen shin- ing through this thin covering and this heightens the resemblance of the two swellings to the pleuropodia of such forms as Blatta and Xiphidium. The cover the mass externally. 254 pleural thickenings of the second ab- dominal segment are also more pro- nounced than those of the succeeding segments but much smaller than the first pair. I could not make out that they gave rise to oenocytes. As I had no material of the later stages I was prevented from following the develop- ment of these organs further. It is pos- sible that there are in the adult several pairs of oenocyte clusters as in other insects and that they develop from be- fore backwards so that the stage which I studied may have shown only the formation of the first pair of anlagen. It seems to me more probable, how- ever, that Zaitha develops only one pair of clusters and that the others have atrophied to such an extent as no longer to appear during ontogeny. NeEuropreraA. In the just-hatched larvae of Svalzs txfumata a few oeno- cytes were found as large clear cells sticking in the pleural hypodermis be- tween the insertions of the tergo-sternal muscles. TRICHOPTERA. Specimens of the larvae of an unidentified Phryganeid were torn open in normal salt-solution and examined fresh or after treatment with methyl-green osmo-acetic ture. In fresh preparations the gigantic oenocytes (Fig. 1.) are yellow, more or less rounded, and often provided with delicate processes which are attached to the tracheal hypodermis. The cyto- plasm is usually finely granular; the chromatic skein of the nucleus is dis- tinctly discernible in the unstained cell. Methyl green stains both cytoplasm and mix- PSY GL. [April 1892. nucleus deeply and of about the same hue. This reagent, of course, accentu- ates the chromatic skein. nucleoli. There are no In some of the larvae all the oeno- cytes contain vacuoles. These are ar- ranged ina broad band surrounding the nucleus midway between the nuclear and cytoplasmic walls. These vacuoles are but slightly refractive and are not fat-globules. This condition of the oenocytes was found in a number of larvae and, I believe, represents a nor- mal physiological state. Wielowiejski has made a similar observation. One is reminded of certain gland-cells which store up vacuoles of a specific substance in their cytoplasm, preparatory to se- cretion. One of the facts brought out by measurements of Xiphidium, viz: the gradual growth of the oenocytes with the growth of the insect, was again clearly shown in Phryganeid. Different stages gave the following measurements. the larvae of this Cytoplasm. Nucleus. 1. Larva just hatched, 12.0 4.6p 2. Larvai3mm.long, 40.8p 15-6p 3. Larvai17 mm.long, 62.8p 20.3 4. Larva 25 mm. long, 103.7» 29 5p : Silos J 55-2- 5. Larva 30 mm. long, { 166-8 mle as \ Here the cytoplasm increases from 12.—166.8 #, while the nucleus grows from 4.6-74¥8, so that the latter undergoes a slightly greater relative increase in size. In Xiphidium we found the converse to hold good. CoLEoPTERA. The oenocytes~ of Photuris pennsylvanica (imago) are pa. April 1892.] of huge dimensions like those of the Trichopteran described above ; their cy- toplasm measuring 118.5 —185. across, while their nuclei range from 33.5 - 60.4. The cells are disposed in loose clusters in the pleural region of the ab- domen and resemble their homologues in European Lampyrids. In some Malacodermata Wielowiejski distinguished three different varieties of oenocytes according to size. In the Lampyrids he found only those of me- dium size —corresponding to the sec- ond variety of other Malacodermata, and suggests that in the fire-flies the ‘‘kleine oenocyten” (third variety) may be converted into the photogenetic organ. It is clear that if the ‘‘kleine oenocy- ten” are true oenocytes and if, more- over, Wielowiejski’s suggestion is well founded, the photogenetic organs of the Lampyridae must be ectodermal struct- ures. If on the other hand these inter- esting structures originate from the fat- body, as is usually maintained, they must be mesodermal. In Photuris pennsylvanica the two layers of the light-organ consist of cells which closely resemble the elements of the fat-body proper. The cells consti- tuting the inner layer have the same size and much the same appearance; their nuclei do not differ from those of the fat-body ; in the outer layer, which is more especially concerned with the photogenetic function, the cytoplasm is, of course, considerably altered, but the nuclei are indistinguishable in every particular from those of the fat-cells. The resemblance between the fat-body EST CIE: 255 and the light-organ is so great that I do not doubt their genetic relationship though I have not studied the devel- opment. LEPIDOPTERA. Few insects appear to be better adapted for tracing out the origin of the oenocytes than the Lepi- doptera. This is especially true of the larger Bombycid moths. That the seg- mental cell-clusters arise by delamina- tion from the ectoderm was conclu- sively made out in the embryos of Platysamia cecropia and Telea poly- phemus. Each cluster is several cell- layers in thickness and lies just behind and a little ventrad to an abdominal stigma. The succulent cells constituting the cluster are at first polygonal from mutual pressure, but as the time for hatching approaches, they become rounder and more loosely united. I have not traced them through the larval stages and merely record these frag- mentary observations because they com- pletely confirm Tichomiroff’s and Graber’s observations on the origin of the oenocytes from the ectoderm. DipTERA. Oenocytes probably occur throughout this order. To the families in which they were found by Wielo- wiejski (Chironomidae, Tipulidae, Culi- cidae, Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae, Pupipara) I would add two others (Cecidomyidae and Simulidae). In the larvae of Cectdomyta anten- mariae beautiful large oenocytes occur in metameric clusters, each of which consists of about five cells. These seem not to be so regularly arranged as the oenocytes of Chironomus (Wielo- 256 wiejski). One cell of each cluster is situ- ated at some distance from the others but dorsad and not cephalad as in Chir- onomus. The cells measure 45.—75. p63 their nuclei 15.y. They are round or slightly oval, and flattened in the same direction as the hypodermis, in niche- like excavations of which they lie. In the young pupa they lose their connection with the hypodermis, be- come spheroidal and vacuolated and their nuclei decrease in size. 1 have failed to find any traces of oenocytes in the mature pupa and imago. In the larva of Simulia the oenocytes resemble those of Cecidomyia. The above insects belonging to many of the natural orders were also studied with a view to establishing the origin of the blood-corpuscles but my results were purely negative. I saw nothing to sup- port Schaeffer’s view* that the corpus- cles arise from the fat-body. Such an origin isimprobable & przoré inasmuch as the cells composing the corpus ad- iposum are specialized for storing up fat and urates. That fat-globules and urates in the blood-corpuscles do not prove a genetic but only a physiological relationship between the fat-body and the blood is obvious if we stop to ask the question: How do the fat and urate in- clusions reach the fat-body? It is most natural to suppose that they are trans- ported thither by the blood-corpuscles. That the reverse may frequently be the case, viz: that the blood-phagocytes may *Beitrige zur histologie der insekten. II. Ueber blut- bildungsheerde bei insectenlarven. Sprengel’s Zool. Jahrb., 3 bd. heft 4. 1889. BP SWCTLE: | April 1892. receive their fat-globules from the fat- body and carry them to other parts of the organism to be utilized in the meta- bolic processes which are continually taking place, is, probable. I admit, quite as But neither of these pro- cesses throws any light on the origin of the blood-corpuscles themselves. In the embryo the blood-corpuscles probably arise from undifferentiated mesodermic tissue. They are often found in different stages of caryokinesis and I can see nothing improbable in the supposition that they may continue to multiply throughout postembryonic life. It is also probable that mesodermic cell- masses of an undifferentiated nature, associated for obvious physiological reasons with the fat-body, may function as haematogenic centres during the For all his figures and descriptions prove to the contrary, Schaeffer’s ‘**blutbildungsheerde”’ be such larval stages. may mesoderm- masses and not portions of the true fat- body at all. undifferentiated In this connection I may mention a very interesting organ which I have re- cently found in embryos of Blatta and Xiphidium and which appears to have some physiological connection with the other members of the ‘* blutgewebe.” This is a large v-shaped mass of cells situated just beneath and attached to the inner end of the oesophagus (stom- two entodermic This cell mass lies the trito-cerebral (second antennary ?) segment and, I be- lieve, represents a modification of the odaeum) where the strands diverge. almost wholly in April 1892.] greater portion of the mesoderm of the segment, though this is difficult to decide. It is apparently the earliest organ to differentiate from the walls of Its cells, at first wedge-shaped, gradually increase in the coelomic sacs. size, become rounded and highly vac- uolated and resemble the fat-body ele- ments, from which they may, neverthe- less, always be distinguished by their I have traced the organ, which is a definite circum- scribed structure, and which I call, for the present, the suboesophageal body, through the embryo into the larva, peculiar yellow tint. where it disintegrates and finally disappears. I regard it therefore, aS a truly embryonic and early _ larval structure, quite distinct, at least physio- logically, from the fat-body. Its func- tion is very doubtful. If the trito-cere- bral segment is homologous with the second antennary segment of the Crus- tacea and if, moreover, the suboesopha- geal body really develops from the mesoderm, it may be the homologue of the ‘* green-gland” and consequently nephridial in its nature. Reserving a general consideration of the ‘* blood-tissue” for future publi- cation, I here conclude with a _ brief summary of the points brought out in the foregoing paragraphs : — (1) The fat-body of the Insecta is derived from the mesoderm—being a dif- ferentiation of portions of the coelomic walls therefore origin. (2) The oenocytes are derived by delamination or immigration from the and metameric in PST CHE. 257 ectoderm, just caudad to the tracheal involutions. They are also metameric organs. (3) Phey ‘are’ limited ‘tothe ‘ersht trachigerous abdominal] segments. (4) They appear to be restricted to the Pterygota, in all the members of which group they probably occur. (5) They give rise neither to the fat-body nor to the blood but represent organs sui generis. (6) After their differentiation from the primitive ectoderm they never di- vide but gradually increase in size. (7) The blood-corpuscles of these insecta appear to arise early in em- bryonic life and perhaps also in post- embryonic life from undifferentiated mesoderm cells. The evidence of the derivation of the blood-corpuscles from the fat-body as such is unsatisfactory. (8) The suboesophageal body arises in the trito-cerebral segment ap- parently from the mesoderm. Though it resembles the fat-body it must be re- garded as a distinct organ. It disap- pears during larval life. Clark University, Dec. 22, 1891.* *Since the above article was written and sent to “Psyche,” I have received two publications bearing on the origin of the fat-body in the insect embryo. The first is an account published in the second part of Kor- schelt and Heider’s Lehrbuch der vergleichenden ent- wicklungsgeschichte der wirbellosen thiere, of Hey- mons’ studies on Phyllodromia germanica. Soon after- wards Dr. Heymons kindly sent me a copy of his in- teresting paper (Die entwicklung der weiblichen ges- chlechtsorgane von Phyllodromia (Blatta) germanica L. Zeitschr. f. wiss. zodl. LIII. 3. 1891, p. 434-536) the lucid illustrations of which show essentially the same method of origin for the fat-body as fig. 3 in my plate. He finds, also, that other portions of the coelomic wall may contribute to the formation of the corpus adiposum.) EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7. Fig. 1. Cluster of oenocytes from a nearly mature Phryganeid larva. 0, oenocytes ; ¢, large tracheal branch; 72, smaller tracheal ramifications; %, tra- cheal hypodermis. Fig. 2. A nearly mature embryo of Aiphidium ensiferum, clusters seen from the surface through the integument; @, pleuropodium of the right side (appendage of the first ab- dominal segment); s, styli (belonging to the ninth abdominal segment; the specimen being a male) ; ¢, cerci. Fig. 3. Part of a transverse section through the first abdominal segment of 00, oenocyte PSYCHE. [April 1892. a young embryo of Blatta ( Phyllodro- mia) germanica. v, pleural ectoderm ; 0, oenocytes ; a, pleuropodium ; 2z, coel- omic cavity; w, entoderm; w, nerve- cord; e, fat-body; 6, blood-corpuscle ; d, diverticuluin of the coelomic wall, which in appendage-bearing segments becomes converted into the limb-muscu- lature but in this segment atrophies. Fig. 4. Part of a transverse section through one of the abdominal segments of a Blasturus nymph; o, oenocytes; hh, hypodermal cells; 7, chitinous cu- ticle; ee, fat-body; 64, blood-corpus- muscles; 7, cles; mm, tergo-sternal muscles in cross-section. TACHINID PARASITE OF EUCATERVA VARIARIA GROTE, AND OTHER NOTES. BY (G2 Et. Along the arroyos on the mesa-lands, and near the bases of mountain ranges, in southern New Mexico, may be found growing large tree-like shrubs, with willow-like leaves, and bearing in spring numbers of rather large pink flowers, which are followed by catalpa-like seed- pods. This is known to botanists as Chilopsts saligna.* In August these shrubs are well stocked with the co- coons of a moth, Hucaterva variaria Grote, the larvae of which feed upon the leaves. The identification was made by Dr. Henry Skinner, to whom I sent a specimen of the moth. The cocoons are very lightly spun of silk, binding *T am indebted to Professor HNO wWootononthe New Mexico Agricultural College, for the name. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. the leaves together to form a_ part of them, and are formed on the terminal shoots. there issued, about the 4th or 5th of September, a ¢ specimen of a Tachi- nid, which I can in no way distinguish from the g of Hyphantrophaga hy- phantriae Twns. The parasite issued without going into earth, as there was none of the latter in the jar in which the cocoons were placed, but came directly from the cocoon of the moth, in which, if I remember rightly, the puparium of the Tachinid was found. This is quite a different habit from that possessed by those members of the same species which parasitize the Fall web- worm; perhaps the latter individuals From one of these cocoons, April 1892. | emerge from the earth solely because the Hyphantria cocoons are placed therein, though I have found the puparium separate from the cocoon in the earth. Mr. Harrison G. Dyar, to whom | seut one of the Eucaterva cocoons from which the moth had emerged, wrote me as follows concerning two Tachinid eggs which he found within it, and which are doubtless those of the above species : “There were two eggs of Tachina upon the cast skin contained in the cocoon, and both had hatched but apparently had failed to enter the larva. Probably they are eggs of the species of Tachina you have bred from the cocoons. They are elliptic ovate in out- line, flat below and rounded above, smooth shining white. Under the microscope, they appear very faintly divided into minute hex- agonal or circular areas. Length 0.6 mm., width 0.3 mm. “The larvae had hatched by breaking a piece off of the pointed end. The eggs had been placed upon the body of the caterpillar, not on the head.” Meigenia webstert ‘Twns., Can. entom., xxili, 206. This species was recorded as bred from a_chrysalis. Professor Webster sent me a portion of the chrysalis, and it has since been determined, by Dr. Henry Skinner, as belonging to Pyramets cardut. Re- PST CHE. 259 garding the generic position of this Tachinid, it does not belong in Mei- genia. The best place to which I can, with my present knowlege, relegate it, is in the genus Prospherysa v. d. W. Dr. Brauer, in a letter to me, has re- ferred it with a query to Achaetoneura. (Meigenia) promiscua Twns. should perhaps be referred to It is indicated by Brauer zz @z¢tt. as belong- ing either to Achaetoneura or Proso- paea. If these genera can be used, it will be well to recognize them. Phorocera the same genus as the preceding. Tachina clistocampae Twns. is re- ferred by Brauer zz @zt¢. to Eutachina. This I do not approve of, as there is no necessity for the creation of the new genus Eutachina to contain the forms referred to Tachina sensu stricto. I would like also here to make a note of the fact that Dr. Brauer informs me by letter, as also in a note of his in the Sitzungsber. k. k. zool.-bot. gesellsch. Wien,of May, 1891, that he first called attention to the relationship of the Oes- tridae with the Muscidae in 1858, in the Verh. I wish, therefore, to correct my statement in the Proc. ent. soc. Washn. ii, 90, that this view was first advanced by Loew. zool.-bot. gesellsch. THE, LARVA OF SARROTHRIPA REVEYANA. BY HARRISON G. The larva of this species occurred abundantly on poplar at Yosemite, Cal., in July. The moths emerged the same pee DYAR, YOSEMITE, CAL. season in August and I obtained them at this time in 1889 and 1891. When I first noticed the larvae living grega- 260 riously under their silken web on the fresh terminal leaves of new shoots, I supposed them to be Tortricid larvae, and came near neglecting to rear them. A large proportion of the new shoots of the poplar (Populus balsamifera) in the valley were infested with these larvae. I have not seen any record of the occurrence of this species in the United States, except that the name is given in Hy. Edwards’s Catalogue of transforma- tions of North American Lepidoptera three to European authors. I have been enabled to deter- mine these moths to belong to the Eu- with references ropean species from some figures which my sister, Mrs. S. Knopf, kindly made for me at Paris, France. I believe that there are five larval stages, but I have not observed them in sequence and I have not seen the egg. SARROTHRIPA REVEYANA 9S. V. Egg. Not observed. First larval stage. Wead rounded, partly retracted under joint 2, furnished with a few hairs; width 0.4 mm. Body apparently like that of the mature larva; a few hairs. (Described from a dead discolored speci- men.) j Second stage. Vike the mature larva ex- cept in size; pale yellowish green, smooth; hairs whitish, curling backward. Width of head 0.6 mm. Third stage. Only the cast head-case was observed; width 0.9 mm. Fourth stage. Width of cast head-case, 1.2 mm. Fifth stage. Wead round, pale greenish, P STiCLE. [Aprll 1892, not shiny; ocelli black, mouth white, jaws brown; a few hairs; width 1.8 mm. Body cylindrical, folded between the segments, tapering slightly from the middle to the ex- tremities; feet normal. Hairs few, fine and long, white, growing from the skin, there being no warts nor tubercles perceptible even with a glass, but the single hairs are ar- ranged in the. same manner as the warts of the Arctiidae; row 4 is just below the stig- matal line and the hairs each a little back of a spiracle; 5 anteriorly and 6 posteriorly on the segments in the subventral space, and 7 consists of four small hairs on the venter of the legless segments. Body velvety yel- lowish green, subtransiucent, the dorsal ves- sel darker; a very faint yellowish stigmatal line; feet tipped with brown; spiracles mi- nute, ocherous. The larvae live gregari- ously or, more rarely, singly under a silken web spun on the upper side of a tender leaf some distance above the surface. They will not eat the old hard leaves. Cocoon. Composed entirely of white opaque silk and spun between two leaves or in some other place that will furnish the nec- essary support for the first vertical threads a- gainst which the cocoonis built. It recalls in shape the cocoon of Wola trinotata, but con- tains no bark and is larger and thicker. The base is flat, the sides nearly straight, and one end is pointed above, from which the top slightly tapers to the other end. The end be- low the point opens like a pair of vertical doors for the emergence of the moth. Pupa. Cylindrical, thorax rounded, ab- domen only very slightly tapering, the last segments rounded; cremaster none. Smooth, pale whitish with a brown tinge and a broad dark brown dorsal shade running the whole length. Length, 10 mm.; width, 3 mm. Food plants. Poplar (Populus) and wil- low (Salix). Larvae from Mariposa Co., California. NotTe.—A study of California butterflies and especially their comparison with those of Eastern America and Europe leads S. H. Scudder in the Overland monthly for April to claim that the highest type of human civ- ilization is to arise on the Pacific coast. April 1892. ] SYNONYMY OF BUTTERFLY PARASITES.— A critical study of the American Apanteles parasitic upon butterflies convinces me that there are but four species instead of the six- teen described by Prof. Riley in Mr. Scud- der’s Butterflies of the eastern U. S. These are A. megathymi (ovipositor long, stigma white), A. carpatus (ovipositor long, stigma dark), A. casstanus (ovipositor concealed, two deep diverging grooves forming a tri- angle on disk of second segment), and A. glomeratus (ovipositor concealed. no triangle on disk of second segment). A. Edwardsti, emarginatus (enstger Say) are synonyms of A. carfatus Say; the others are synonyms of A. glomeratus; A. theclae is a well marked variety of A. glomeratus Linn. Wm. Hampton Patton. ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. —It is stated in Science that the friends of the late Henry Edwards have subscribed $10,000 and the American Museum of Natural History $5,000 for the purchase of his entomo- logical collection, consisting of more than 350,000 specimens, and this scientific treasure goes to the American Museum. This enterprise has been carried through by Mr. A. M. Palmer,and other theatrical friends of Mr. Edwards. More than half of the ‘‘Supplementary ap- _ pendix” Mr. Whymper has recently published to his travels amongst the Great Andes is given up to Coleoptera, and almost the whole ofit to insects with numerous excellent woodcuts engraved by Whymper himself. The introduction by the late H. W. Bates gives a coup d’oetl of the whole collection mostly made over gooo and even over 11000 feet above the sea, and shows that there is no trace of ‘‘any distinct element of a north temperate or south temperate coleopterous fauna on the Ecuadorian Andes... A few genera belonging to temperate latitudes, though not found in the tropical lowlands, do indeed occur, but they are forms of almost world-wide distribution in similar climates, and there is no representative of the numer- PS RCE : 261 ous characteristic and common genera of the north or south. Eventhe northern genera more or less abundantly tound on the Mexi- can highlands are absent.” So, too, among the butterflies, ‘‘the genera Erebia, Chieno- bas, Parnassius, Argynnis, Epinephele, and many others, so highly characteristic of the faunas of the north temperate zone or Chili, or both, and of high vertical ranges, are quite absent.” It seems to Bates a fair de- duction that ‘‘no distinct traces of a migra- tion during the lifetime of existing species from north to south, or vice versa, along the Andes, have as yet been discovered or are now likely to be discovered.” The March number of the Entomologists’ monthly magazine contains an interesting account by W. W. Smith of the formation of new colonies and nests by two species of New Zealand ants of the genus Tetramorium. According to him they originate by the union of several individuais of both sexes on sites beneath stones among the roots of plants already instinctively selected and in- habited by Aphides and Coccids, which serve as an economic basis while founding their nests. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 8 Jan., 1892. The 167th regular meeting and 16th annual meeting (since incorpora- tion) was held at 156 Brattle Street. Mr. J. H. Emerton was elected chairman. The annual report of the retiring Secre- tary, Mr. R. Hayward, was read and ac- cepted. Mr. S. Henshaw, the retiring Treas- urer, presented his annual report which was accepted subject to the approval of the audi- tors. | the retiring: Iibraman, Mir Se. He Scudder, presented a verbal report of the condition of the Club library which was ac- cepted. The election of officers for 1892 being next in order the Club proceeded to ballot, and the following officers were declared elected: 262 President, Rev. W. J. Holland, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Secretary, Roland Hayward; Treasurer, Samuel Henshaw; Librarian, Samuel H. Scudder; Members at large of Executive Committee, J. H. Emertonand S. H. Scudder. The Secretary announced that the address of the retiring President had not been re- ceived. Voted to authorize the Treasurer to sell the non-entomological works in the Club’s library and devote the proceeds to the payment of debts incurred in the publication of vol. 5 of Psyche. Mr. S. H. Scudder gave a brief account of his studies of the tertiary Rhynchophora of North America of which he had just com- pleted a monograph for the U. S. geological survey. Mr. J. H. Emerton showed drawings of various Thomisidae and remarked briefly on work which he had recently been doing in this family. Mr. A. P. Morse recorded the capture of Melanoplus juntus Dodge at Jackson, N. H., Jay, Vt., Montgomery, Vt., and North Con- way, N. H., from July 3-30. He also stated that he had taken a specimen of Hesfero- tettix viridis at Wellesley, Mass. 12 February 1892.—The 168th meeting of theclub was held at 156 Brattle St., Mr. S. Henshaw in the chair. Mr. A. P. Morse was chosen secretary pro tempore. A letter from Dr. W.J. Holland was read accepting the office of president of the club for the ensuing year. It was voted to make Mr. B. Pickman Mann a life-member in con- sideration of his striking off fifty dollars of the indebtedness due him on account of vol. iv of Psyche. The address of the retiring president, Prof. F. H. Snow, of the University of Kansas, on “Experiments for the destruction of chinch bugs by infection”, was read by Mr. Scudder. Mr. S. H. Scudder exhibited some beetles from Sonora, Mexico, of the genus Caryoba- rus, family Bruchidae, with the palm-seeds from which they emerged. Also, with criti- cal remarks, some inflated larvae he had PSTCHE. [April 1892. recently received of several European and Asiatic butterflies. 11 March, 1892— The 169th meeting was held at 156 Brattle St., Mr. S. H. Scudder in the chair. In showing the recent additions to the library, the librarian called attention to a paper by Dr. Urech on the colors of the scales of butterflies addressed to the Club by the author, the address being written ‘‘ with the decocted wing colors in butterflies of Vanessa urticae.” Mr. S. H. Scudder exhibited a series of about 500 specimens of the Orthopteran genus Hippiscus which had served as the base of a study of the group he had recently completed. Saussure in 1884 and 1888 had separated two groups which he regarded as genera, Hippiscus and Xanthippus, and had placed in the former seven species, in the latter ten, with one he had not seen in an un- certain position, in all eighteen species. In this revision they are divided into three groups regarded as subgenera, Hippiscus with eleven species, five of them new;Sticht- hippus (not seen by Saussure) with two species, both of them new; and Xanthippus with twenty-five species, fifteen of them new; in all thirty-eight species. Two of Saussure’s species, AWzpprscus ocelote from Mexico and NXanthifpus lateritius from _ Nevada, not seen, are included in these, some few changes in specific nomenclature have been required, and one species provis- ionally placed by Saussure in Xanthippus has been removed elsewhere; a different arrange- ment of the species is proposed, particularly in Hippiscus, and two described species not seen by Saussure are definitely placed. He also exhibited some blood-red larvae about 5 mm. long brought him as having been sent from Berkshire Co. by a man who thought they had fallen in myriads with the last fallof snow. They appeared to be ofa species of Sciara or allied genus of flies, and — their occurrence in midwinter, full grown and living on the surface of snow, appeared to be new. ee ¢ OR e om x JOURNAL OF ANTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 194. JUNE, 1892. CONTENTS: THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus. —I1— Samuel H. Scudder. Aw AporiA BRED FROM LIMACODES sP.— C. H. Tyler Townsend. THE EARLY STAGES OF NERICE BIDENTATA. — Caroline G. Soule. MISCELLANEOUS Notes (Psyche; protective resemblance; new classification of the Acaroidea; Kolbe’s introduction to entomology; Schatz and Rober’s families and genera of butterflies; visits of insects to flowers; destroying the chinch bug in the field; cecidomyian galls; insects of New York.) PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. {Entered as second class mail matter. ] 277 20¢c. 264 PS MEE. June 1892. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. 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The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7.45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $2s. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais ahead pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ithe North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. : 50 Hitchcock, Edward. penne of New England. Boston, 1858 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. or 1876 (eons taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .5o Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names bi gnosee. for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. P 1.00 Scudder, S. H. ‘The Sine: ealeth of Nene tucket, Retinia frustrana, col. pl. Boston, 1883. — .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil Duories of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. wPlte: 42-46. Stettin, 1881- -1885, 5.00 U.S. Entomological Commission. Buleuns: INOS 2/05 25745155) 05/7, : - 1.00 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. ADVER TISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or for cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts of the U.S. Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. 15 Street, N. Y. City. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. PSY CEE. THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS HIPPISCUS. BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Hippiscus was established by Saussure in 1861 as a subgenus of Oedipoda on a large Mexican grasshopper to which he gave the name of ocelote. Only a brief diagnosis of the group was given, and no attention was paid to it until 1873. when Stal, who regarded it as a genus, gave much greater precision to its definition through the tables in his Recensio Orthopterorum and _ placed Serville’s well known Ocedzpoda dis- cotdea in the group. Subsequently, in 1874, I referred here Oe. rugosa Scudd. and, in 1876, Oe. neglecta Thom., Oe. haldemanit Scudd. and Oe. coraliipes Wald. Finally, in 1884, Saussure in his Prodromus Oedi- podiorum described a number of new forms and separated them into two series, which he termed Hippiscus and Xanthippus, regarding each as a genus, and further divided the former into two subgenera, — Hippiscus proper and Pardalophora. Although I have been unable to ex- amine two of the species described by Saussure, so large a number of new forms have been found in our country, espec- ially in the region west of the Mississippi, and so greata confusion exists regarding them in our collections and in the writ- ings of our entomologists, that I have ventured to subject them all to a critical study, the result of which is offered in the following pages. As will be seen, I am inclined to regard Saussure’s two genera as but subdivisions of one generic group, and to discard his subgenus Pardalophora altogether; at the same time I have applied a third subgeneric name, Sticthippus, to forms which are closely related to Hippiscus and Leprus. My Leprus ingens which Saussure, without seeing, put in Xanthippus with a query, I am now inclined to regard as -the type of an undescribed genus allied to Leprus but distinct and remarkable for the bulky form of the female. Though it seems most reasonable to consider these subdivisions as of less than generic rank, there would seem to be ground for regarding them as of some importance, for it will be noted by the observant that the subgenus Hippiscus is an eastern type, rarely occurring be- yond the Sierra Nevadas*, and that Sticthippus is confined to the Pacific slope, while Xanthippus occurs with Sticthippus on the Pacific Coast, and *Exception may possibly be made to this, for Walker records H. tuberculatus from the West Coast; but apart from the fact that this species forms a group by itself within Hippiscus and has an anomalous distribution even to within the Arctic Circle, I believe this is either an error of determination or of location. 266 with Hippiscus throughout the centre of the continent, but is altogether want- ing on the Atlantic coast, no species occurring nearer than Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas; none even reach the Mis- sissippi River. In the preparation of the present paper I have studied more than five hundred and fifty specimens, the larger part of which were in my own collection, but PSTGHE: [June 1892. I have had the advantage of seeing al those in the collection of Mr. Samuel Henshaw of Cambridge, anda full series of those belonging to Mr. Lawrence Bruner of Lincoln, Neb. to both of whom I am indebted for many cour- tesies. Dr. C. V. Riley has also kindly sent for my examination types of two or three of Thomas’s species of which I was in doubt. TABLE OF THE SPECIES OF HIPPISCUS. Antennae of male not attenuate or arcuate at the extremity ; carina of prono- tum intersected only by the typical sulcus, which is obsolete or rapidly fades out on the lateral lobes; posterior femora gen- erally more dilated and the inferior border more arcuate. No distinct sunken biareolate area at the summit of the frontal costa; if vaguely present, separated from the costa below by no carina or angle. Lateral walls of normal discal scutellum of prozona not cut deeply by an inner fork of its posterior sulcus, which indeed often does not exist. Medina carina sharply distinct Markings of the tegmina usually pantherine. Mesosternal lobes separated by a piece rather quadrate than truncato-cuneate, though the posterior corners of the lobes are rounded, but narrowly and abruptly. .(H1ppiscus.) throughout. Anterior extremity of scutellum of vertex not prolonged, narrowing rapidly, in front (excl. H. pantherinus) as broad as or broader than half the middle width ; hind margin of pronotum usually rectangulate ; markings of tegmina distinctly pantherine. d'. Frontal costa distinctly, often considerably, narrowed at its upper ex- tremity, except in some @ hardly or even less than a fourth the width of the space between the eyes, the scutellum of the ver- tex rarely furnished with transverse carinae, then generally faint, and the longitudinal carina terminating in the centre with rare exceptions ; tips of the wings in the ¢ rarely or but slightly clouded; extreme base of the area of the ulnar fork of tegmina usually not involved in the darker markings; calcaria of op- posite sides of hind tibiae subequal. June 1892. ] @’. Se Crie . 267 1 e'. The lower third of tegmina free from dark markings, except in the anal area; markings of tegmina hardly pantherine ; tegmina ta- pering and basal lobe of costal margin prominent, the width of the tegmina at this point being fully a third greater than at the tip of the lower ulnar vein; lateral carinae of pronotum not very sharp. : : , . (f.) phoenicopterus. e?. Not more than the Bae aH of tegmina, if any, free from dark markings ; markings of tegmina distinctly pantherine ; tegmina subequal and basal lobe of costal margin less pronounced, the width of the tegmina at this point being scarcely more than a sixth greater than at the tip of the lower ulnar vein; lateral ca- rinae of pronotum sharp. f?. Vertical scutellum hexagonal or heptagonal, broader than long, the sides very rapidly narrowing in front and distinctly angulate next the front edge of the eye; light transverse markings of api- cal half of tegmina scarcely more than half as broad as the darker markings. F A . (77.) pantherinus f*. Vertical scutellum longer fan broad pyr orn the sides distinctly rounded and less rapidly narrowing; light markings of apical half of tegmina almost or quite as broad as or even broader than the darker markings. g}. Granules on dorsum of metazona by their confluence distinctly fol- lowing lines forming oblique rugae parallel to the hind margin ; lateral canthi of pronotum as distinct and sharp on the hinder part of the prozona as onthe front part of the metazona. (A.) haldemanit. Granules on dorsum of metazona rarely confluent and when con- fluent showing no marked tendency to follow lines parallel to hind margin; lateral canthi of pronotum much less distinct and duller on hinder part of prozona than on front part of metazona. (#7.) texanus. Frontal costa not at all or scarcely in the least narrowed at its upper extremity, always more than a third, sometimes nearly a half, the width of the space between the eyes, the scutellum of the vertex divided by longitudinal and transverse carinae into four subequal quadrants ; tips of the wings inthe ¢ usually clouded, the large central dark spot of the tegmina usually involving the extreme base of the area of the ulnar fork of the tegmina ; cal- caria of hind tibiae markedly unequal on opposite sides. Lateral canthi of pronotum not very sharp, interrupted and devious between the sulci; metazona of 9 distinctly longer than prozona. en 968 VEO GOI SIDE [June 1892. J!. Relatively slenderer forms, the tegmina relatively slenderer; last, forked branch of the discoidal vein of the hind wings usually arising about three fifths the distance from the base to apex of the wing, andin @ usually well within the limits of the transverse fuscous belt; closed tegmina of @ surpassing the abdomen by at least one fourth their length. : : . (M.)rugosus. f°. Relatively stouter bodied forms, the tegmina relatively broader ; last, forked branch of the discoidal vein of the hind wings usually arising at about two thirds the distance from the base to apex of the wing, and in ¢ at the outer edge of the transverse fuscous belt; closed tegmina of g surpassing the abdomen usually by less than one fourth their length. g'. Dark markings of outer fourth of tegmina clustered into regular connected transverse series. 5 : : (/7.) compactus. ?, Dark markings of outer fourth of tegmina forming irregularly 8 distributed minor maculations. h'. Markings of tegmina distinctly pantherine, marginal field with numerous small blotches ; wings of ¢ fully twice as long as broad ; hind margin of prothorax rectangulate. ( #7.) varéegatus. h®? Markings of tegmina hardly pantherine, resembling many spe- cies of Trimerotropis, marginal field mostly occupied by two large spots; wings of @ scarcely twice as long as broad; hind margin of prothorax obtuse angulate. ; . (A.) suturalis. Lateral canthi of pronotum acute, continuous throughout, arcuate ; metazona of @ scarcely longer than the prozona. (f7.) ocelote. c’. Anterior extremity of scutellum of vertex prolonged, narrowing gradually, in front less than half as wide as in the middle; hind margin of pronotum acutely angled (rarely, by variation, rectangulate) ; markings of tegmina hardly or not at all pantherine. d'. Metazona with two pairs of distinct lateral rugae parallel to hind margin ; basal discoidal field of tegmina, including the ulnar area, broadly e, maculate ; apical halfof tegmina multimaculate ; ulnar taenia of hind wings stopping far short of the base of the wing, the inter- mediate space filled with closely crowded cross veins; veins. at end of humeral field more or less laterally stained with black- ish fuscous at the cross veins, rarely absent. (H1.) saussuret. d*. Metazona without lateral oblique rugae ; basal discoidal field of tegmina, and especially the ulnar area, almost or quite immaculate ; apical half of tegmina paucimaculate; ulnar taenia of hind wings almost reaching the base of the wing, the cross veins next the June 1892.] PSTCHE. 269 base not closely crowded ; veins atend of humeral field immacu- late. : : : : : : - (AL) tuberculatus. B°, At the point where the scutellum of the vertex and the frontal costa meet, between the apices of the lateral foveolae, a distinct sunken transversely biareolate field or frontal fastigium easily distin- guished both from the vertical scutellum and the frontal costa. Posterior sulcus of the prozona terminating on the typical sulcus in two forks, one at the lateral borders of the normal discal scutellum, the other, by deeply cutting the lateral walls of that scutellum, close to the median line. Median carina of metazona posteriorly more or less subobsolete in the 9. Markings of the tegmina not distinctly pantherine. Mesosternal lobes separated by atruncate but distinctly wedge-shaped median piece, the pos- terior corners of the lobes being very broadly rounded. (STICTHIPPUS.) c'. Axillary vein of tegmina of 9 in no way entangled with the anal vein; maculations of apical third of tegmina obscure ; humeral field of wings uniformly infuscate apically. ‘ (S.) caltfornicus. Axillary vein of tegmina of 9 more or less entangled apically with the anal; maculations of tegmina as distinct on apical third as else- where ; humeral field of wings apically maculate. (Es (.S.) marmoratus. A*, Antennae of male attenuate or arcuate, in dried specimens often partly coiled at the extremity; carina of pronotum intersected by two sulci, and generally obliterated between them, but sometimes indicat- ing the anterior sulcus only, by sinuation ; posterior femora gen- erally less dilated, the inferior border less arcuate. (XANTHIPPUS.) 6’. Antennae of ¢ usually as long as the hind femora, gradually attenuated apically for at least one fifth their length, curled, cochleate, or hooked at the tip in drying. Tegmina distinctly pantherine in markings, occasionally obscured (in variation) by obsolescence ; intercalary vein arcuate, approaching at least twice as close to the median at its apex as near its base. Fuscous transverse band of wings so far removed from apex as to leave a vitreous area, especially in the Q, covering four marginal lobes or even more. Pronotal carina with rare exceptions more or less obliterated between the principal sulci. Summit of cranium commonly carinulate between the eyes. c’. Male of medium or large size. Tegmina surpassing the abdomen in both sexes; area of the ulnar fork rarely filled with only a single, 270 PS V.CHER | June 1892. usually with a complete double, row of cells. Metazona usu- ally tumid centrally to a greater or less extent, and considerably depressed or indentate anteriorly on either side the median carina. Intercalary vein of tegmina near its extremity running so close to the median as commonly to be hardly separated from it by more than its own thickness; markings of tegmina sharp and well de- fined ; transverse band of wings distinctly narrowed, sometimes obsolescent, at the anal vein; process of metazona normally less than a right angle. Bounding walls of the vertical scutellum and other carinae of the vertex generally dull and low; metazona about two thirds as long again as the prozona, its dorsum variable, its rugosities not very prominent, rarely confluent; transverse fuscous band of wings usually very broad, in the second lobe below the anal vein often more than twice as broad as the width of the lobe. J’. Species of great size; maculations on apical third of tegmina often obscure by lack of depth of color, lessening the contrasts be- tween the darker and the lighter spots, but sometimes sharp and well defined ; fuscous band of wings generally very dark; inside of hind femora usually blue except the red apical third. CX.) corallipes. f* Species of rather small or medium size; maculations on apical third of tegmina generally pure and with distinct contrasts ; fuscous band of wings generally fuliginous; inside of hind femora usually wholly red. 3 : : (X.) zapotecus. Bounding walls of the vertical scutellum and other carinae of the vertex usually sharp and relatively high; metazona twice as long as prozona, its dorsum centrally tumid, its rugosities prom inent and usually more or less confluent; transverse fuscous band of wings usually narrow or moderate, in the second lobe below the anal vein rarely so much as twice the width of the lobe. f’. Transverse pale band of anterior margin of tegmina opposite the middle of intercalary vein but little broader than the others; fuscous band of wings narrow, hardly touching the margin anywhere and often widely interrupted between the arcuate fascia and the humeral vitta. g'. Darker markings occupying one half or more of the tegmina, normally and completely continuous in the middle half of the tegmina and usually broader than the pale interspaces. (X.) conspicuus. June 1892. ] PSYCHE. 271 g°. Darker markings occupying much less than one half of the teg- mina, broken or partially broken by the nervules into macula- tions in the middle of the tegmina and usually narrower than the pale interspaces. ; : - : . (X.) eremitus. f?. Transverse band of anterior margin opposite middle of intercalary vein much, generally twice or more, broader than the others; fuscous band of hind wings moderately broad, reaching the margin over half its course and hardly or but slightly inter- rupted at the anal vein. : : j (X.) pardalinus. d@*. Intercalary vein of tegmina separated near extremity from the median by a moderately wide space; markings of tegmina often some- what blurred or ill defined, but sometimes perfectly sharp; transverse band of wings generally narrowed somewhat at the anal vein, but less noticeably than in the alternative category and never obsolescent; process of metazona normally rec- tangulate. e’. Fuscous markings of the apical half of tegmina hardly occupying so much as half the space, arranged in generally transverse, well defined blotches rarely so Jong as half the breadth of the tegmina. f'. Rugosities of dorsum of pronotum irregularly distributed ; median carina of metazona but slightly elevated, scarcely arched; transverse fuscous bars of tegmina with tolerably regular, rounded, and sharply limited outlines; hind femora distinctly and very obliquely barred exteriorly. : (X.) maculatus. J*. Rugosities of dorsum of metazona more or less distinctly ranged into series parallel to the two sides of the process; median ca- rina of same considerably elevated, distinctly arched; trans- verse fuscous bars of tegmina scarcely rounded, with ill defined irregular margins on apical half; hind femora obscurely or not at all barred exteriorly. : : : : (X). tégrinus. e*, Fuscous markings of apical half of tegmina occupying fully three fourths its area, arranged in well defined transverse bars nearly or quite crossing the tegmina. J’. Dorsum of prothorax with very prominent, often sharp, rugosi- ties; fuscous band of wings very broad, not at all narrowed at the anal vein. ‘ : ; A - (X.) leprosus. jf’. Dorsum of prothorax a less prominent, though coarse but dull rugosities ; fuscous band of wings narrow or if of medium width then distinctly and considerably narrowed at the anal vein. (X.) paradoxus. PH PSG. [June 1892. e®. Fuscous markings of apical half of tegmina irregularly maculate with a tendency to a transverse arrangement but with ill defined very irregular margins and occupying perhaps half the whole area. J?. Dorsum of prothorax more heavily and coarsely rugulose ; tegmina relatively long, distinctly surpassing the abdomen in the 2 ; the darker tints of the tegmina generally prevail over the lighter, particularly in the middle of the tegmina ; fuscous band of wings relatively broad. : : ; ; (X.) affrictus. f?. Dorsum of prothorax less heavily A coarsely Ae tegmina relatively short, not exceeding the abdomen in the @; darker tints of tegmina subordinate to the lighter, particularly in the middle of the SS fuscous band of wings relatively narrow. 4 ‘ : (X.) toltecus. c?. Male of small size. Teomins ae fe) sree Hos the abdomen; area of the ulnar fork rarely filled with more than a single row of cells and then only for a portion of its length. Metazona plane above, with obscure or no indentation anteriorly. ad‘. Shoulder (or extreme base of front margin) of tegmina as dark as the rest of the base; markings of tegmina more or less obscure and plugred: : . : 5 (X.) altivolus. d*. Shoulder of tegmina with Bale erica contrasting with the rest of the dark base; all markings of tegmina sharp and distinct. e1. Antennae of 9 almost as long as the pronotum; pronotum of @ nearly half as long again as its extreme dorsal width. (X.) cupidus. e*. Antennae of 2 considerably shorter than the pronotum; pronotum of & but little longer than its extreme dorsal width. (X.) pumelus. 67, Antennae of ¢ distinctly shorter than the hind femora, apically attenuate for rarely more than one eighth their length, at most arcuate or broadly uncinate in drying. Tegmina rarely though sometimes distinctly pantherine, usually irregularly mottled with moder- ately large alternate blotches of dark fuscous and gray, and api- cally dotted with pale fuscous; intercalary vein usually straight, rarely approaching the median much nearer at its apex thar next its base, never more than twice as close. Fuscous trans- verse band of wings so near the apex that even in the @ rarely more than two marginal lobes are covered by the sometimes apically infuscated vitreous area. Pronotal carina sometimes scarcely subdued between the principal sulci. Summit of cra- nium commonly not carinulate between the eyes. June 1892. | : PSY CHE. 273 c’. Median carina of pronotum usually almost entirely obliterated between the anterior and principal sulci; markings of the tegmina dis- tinctly pantherine; inferior carina of hind femora high and: strongly arcuate. d’. Markings of tegmina mostly confined to the anterior half or three- fifths ; apex of axillary field pallid; fuscous band of wings some- what obscure, very narrow, narrowed at the anal vein; hind tibiae yellow. : F : 5 P P (X.) albulus. d*, Markings of tegmina crossing them; apex of axillary field dark; fus- cous band of wings distinct, very broad, not narrowed at the anal vein; hind tibiae red. . : : (X.) latefasciatus. c’. Mediaa carina of pronotum usually distinct between the anterior and prin- cipal sulci; markings of the tegmina not pantherine but more or less marmorate, much after the pattern of Trimerotropis; in- ferior carina of hind femora usually normal, rarely high or strongly arcuate. d*. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly wider below than in the middle by the retroarcuate curve of the hind margin; inferior carina of hind femora not prominent. e’. Band of hind wings broad, leaving not more than two lobes apically freer : : ‘ (X.) obscurus. e*. Band of hind wings metially jake heoust leaving more than two lobes apically free. . : 4 ‘ : (X.) xeglectus. d*. Lateral lobes of pronotum Beil, the hind margin vertical and not retroarcuate ; inferior carina of hind femora more or less promi- nent, e’. Lower intercalary area of tegmina broad, densely filled with anasto- mosing nervules. generally more densely than in the area beneath it; lateral canthi of thorax almost entirely confined to metazona. f'. Vertical fastigium shallow with low lateral walls, the frontal fas- tigium (or the front part of the vertical fastigium at its junction with the frontal costa) not deeply impressed, widely connected with the vertical fastigium. Antennae in both sexes as long as the head and pronotum. Hind margins of metazona entire ; anal line of tegmina pallid; axillary vein of tegmina free. (X.) montanus. J’. Vertical fastigium deep with high walls, the frontal fastigium deeply impressed, with a constricted connection with the verti- cal fastigium. Antennae of 2 shorter than the head and prono- tum. Hind margins of metazona crenulate ; anal line of tegmina concolorous ; axillary vein of tegmina apically united to the anal. 274 PST CRE, [June 1892. g'. Frontal costa much more constricted above than below the ocellus; wings bright red or vellow at base. h}. Anterior portion of metazona transversely plicato-rugose ; ax- illary vein united distally with the anal. . (X.) laterttius. fh”, Anterior portion of metazona rugose without sign of transverse plications ; axillary vein free or intermediately united distally with the anal... : : : ‘ : (X.) calthulus. g”*. Frontal costa scarcely more constricted above than below the ocellus; wings pale lemon yellow at base. . (X.) griseus. e”. Lower intercalary area of tegmina not always broad, no more densely filled with anastomosing nervules than the area beneath ; latera] canthi subcontinuous across thorax and straight. Process of metazona rectangulate. f’. Median carina of pronotum distinct throughout the prozona and scarcely less so between the principal sulci than in front; outer border of band at apex of wing distinct. . (X.) vitellinus. f?. Median carina of pronotum nearly obliterated between the princi- pal sulci; outer border of band at apex of wings often obscure. ¢1. Markings of tegmina relatively distinct and abundant, the apical half distinctly mottled; the postmedian spot large and no more conspicuous than the others; arcuate band of wings nearly or quite reaching the anal angle. ; ‘ (X.) aurilegulus. Markings of tegmina scant and obscure, the apical half dark fuliginous with few or no mottlings; the postmedian spot small and more conspicuous than the others; band of wings hardly reaching more than half way to anal angle. (X.) stigmosus. Subgenus HIPPISCUS. Hippiscus (H.) PHOENICOPTERUS. In the collection at Halle Isawa ¢ of this species labelled Oe. phoentcop- tera in Burmeister’s handwriting and Hapdb. eft anG43. purporting to come from South Caro- Hippiscus phoenitcopterus Sauss., Prodr. ij i ae ‘ ae | Oedip., 87; McNeill, Psyche, 6, 63. ina collected by apahacleadente O04) WEAVERS Oeditpoda discoidea Serv!, Hist. nat. not marked as a type specimen, there Orth., 724; Scudd!, Bost. journ. nat. hist.,7, can be little doubt that it is one of the 469; Glov., Ill. N. A. ent., Orth., pl. 3, figs. types, and I am thus able to correct (as S37) nema Syne ec ee " others have already done) the mistake GL aa a dain air ey Avo ere ecg my earliest reference to this species. 1,121; Thom., Bull. Ill. mus., 1,66; Rep. ent. 3 I have also seen the Georgia type of Ill., 9, 95, 116-117; Scudd!, Proc. Bost. soc. eet : ; tan. hist., 19, 90. Serville’s Oe. disco¢dea in the Jardin Oedipoda phoenicoptera Germ!, Burm., June 1892. ] BS TORE. bo ~l Qu AN APORIA BRED FROM LIMACODES SP. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. The Tachinid described below occurs in a lot of Tachinidae sent me by Pro- fessor Comstock, from Ithaca, N. Y. Aside from the knowledge of its para- sitism, it is of peculiar interest as be- longing to the genus Aporia, hitherto recorded only from South America. This genus differs from Exorista, to which it is nearly allied, by the frontal bristles not descending below base of antennae, and the antennae being in- serted below a line drawn through the middle of the eyes. The third antennal joint is also considerably narrowed, and the whole body is very bristly. Aporta limacodis n. sp. g. Eyes cin- namon brown, thickly pubescent; front very narrow, about as wide as one of the antennal joints on posterior half, grad- ually widening before; frontal vitta nearly obsolete behind, wide and triangular in front, velvet brown; frontal bristles moderately strong and all directed forward, absent just before ocelli, ocellar and vertical bristles hardly to be distinguished, all directed for- ward, no orbital bristles; sides of front, face and cheeks silvery white, the cheeks hardly one-third eye-hight and with a few bristles on lower portion, sides of face narrow and bare; vibrissae decussate and inserted on oral margin, facial ridges bare except several bristles next vibrissae; antennae and arista black, first two antennal joints and base of third rufous; proboscis short, fleshy, brown- ish, labella large and tawny; palpi not large, rufous, bristly, a little enlarged apically; occiput silvery, clothed with gray hairs. Thorax wider than head or abdomen, shin- ing black, rather thinly silvery white polli- nose, with four black vittae, the outer ones interrupted at suture, humeri and pleurae more distinctly silvery white pollinose; scu- tellum black, silvery, with an apical decus- sate pair of macrochaetae and two lateral ones, the posterior lateral ones strongest. Abdomen narrower than thorax, long coni- cal, very bristly and hairy, shining black, basal half or more of segments two to four silvery white pollinose, first segment silvery beneath and faintly so on sides above: first segment with a strong lateral macrochaeta and a median marginal pair; second with a median discal pair and a marginal row of six or eight; third with a median discal pair and a marginal row of ten; anal beset with ma- crochaetae except at base, second and third segments with median anterior and sub- marginal pairs of macrochaeta-like bristles. Legs rather long, blackish, front femora sil- very white pollinose on outside, tibiae pale brownish rufous, bristly, claws and pulvilli elongate, pulvilli smoky yellowish. Wings longer than abdomen, rather hyaline, some- what grayish, no stump or wrinkle at bend of fourth vein, tegulae nearly white, halteres tawny. Length of body, 9.5 mm.; of wing, 8 mm. Described from one specimen; Ith- aca, N.Y. Bred by Professor J. H. Comstock from Limacodes sp. Issued May 30. A female which may belong to this species was also sent me by Professor Comstock ; it was collected June 28 by Mr. S. H. Crossman, and differs as follows: More generally silvery white pollinose; 276 front one-fourth width of head, of equal width, frontal bristles stronger, two orbital bristles directed strongly forward; third an- tennal joint not so narrowed, palpi and labella more yellow. Macrochaetae of abdomen more differentiated from the macrochaeta- PSICHE. [June 1892. like bristles, which latter are very much weaker; claws and pulvilli only a little elon- gate. Abdomen less conical and nearly as wide as thorax. Length of body, nearly 7 mm.; of wing, 6 mm. THE EARLY STAGES OF NERICE BIDENTATA. BY CAROLINE G. SOULE, BROOKLINE, The egg, found on the under side of an elm leaf, Aug. 9, 1891, was hemispherical, the flat side being attached to the leaf. It was greenish yellow with a whitish bloom over it, and was very like the egg of Nadata gtbbosa. It hatched on Aug. 13th. The young larva was ,*, inch long, of a deep green color, and with sparse hairs. Head brown, lighter on the median suture. The fifth segment had a dorsal and sub- stigmatal spot of shining brown, and the 11th segment had a dorsal spot of the same The feet and props were shining in color. Anal props were very slender and were raised when the larva walked. The body, at rest, arched between the feet and abdominal props, and between the abdominal and anal props. Aug. 16. sst moult. Length 4 inch. Head large, almost round, bilobed, pale olive green with dark green face-lines. Body pale glassy green, darker on the dor- sum. The glassy effect was striking. 5th segment had a large brown double tubercle on the dorsum, and a substigmatal, smaller one on each side. The tenth segment had a substigmatal brown patch on each side, and the 11th a brown single tubercle or hump, on the dorsal line. Feet brown. Anal props striped with brown; abdomi- nal props brown. Very short, sparse hairs all over the body. Head very smooth. Body arched when at rest, as before. Aug. 20. 2nd moult. % inch long. Head much larger than Ist segment, clear green, glassy, with brown face-lines. Body glassy green, translucent, with very few hairs; a color. brown was MASS. faint white lateral line, and a brown, broken substigmatal line appeared; the brown sub- stigmatal patches on 5th and roth segments were as before. 5th segment had a large double hump, tipped with brown, 11th had the large single hump as before; 4th and 6th had each a double wart on dorsum. Feet brown and shining. Props pale brown banded with dark brown. Anal _ props slender. Rested arched as before. Ate the leaf from the edge to the mid-rib at the tip, and rested on the bared mid-rib. Aug. 21. The marks had grown clearer and each segment from 6th to toth showed a small brown-tipped wart on the dorsal line, and from each wart a white oblique line ex- tended downward and backward, on each side. On the first 3 segments a white sub- dorsal line appeared. The effect of the dor- sal line was that of the edge ofa serrate leaf. Aug. 23. 3d moult. % in. long. Head large, round, bilobed, smooth, green with dark face lines. Body green, with a broken, brown substigmatal line edged above with yellow, and a double yellow stigmatal line. First three segments had a double white sub- dorsal line. 4th segment had a double dor- sal hump, tipped with brown; sth, a much larger double hump, yellow green, tipped with brown, the brown extending down the front and back like a dorsal line lifted by the hump! 6th to roth segments had simi- lar humps, but smaller, like that on 4th. 11th segment had a large single hump with brown tip. From all these humps extended oblique white patches. Feet green with a dark, vertical line. Props pale brown June 1892.] banded with darker brown. Anal props slender, green with a vertical brown stripe. Anal shield shining green like the head. Spiracles, heretofore unnoticeable, green with a brown line on each side, and from them spread white lines like veins, distinct on the green sides of the larva. Aug. 27. 4th moult. Head large, round, smocth, shining green, with a white line on each side of the median suture, and a black line about halfway be- tween this and the edge of head. This black line was edged with whiter on the outer side. Body green. First three seg- ments had, on each side of dorsum, a wide white longitudinal line, below that a nar- rower one, below that a broken one. The humps were as before except that on 11th segment, which became double. All the humps were unevenly double, the first point being longer than that behind it, as if the second point grew out of the base of the first. The white patches extended up the sides of the humps, and between these patches the green of the body, on the sides, made oblique lines. Sides and _ venter green. There was a broken substigmatal line of brown edged above with yellow, ex- tending from head to tips of anal props. Feet green with a vertical dark line. Props. green with a brown bar, this bar being crossed by two darker brown lines. Aug. 30. The brown of the tips of the humps had almost disappeared, as had the substigmatal line. The principal color was semi-opaque white, through which the deep blue-green of the body appeared in lines here and there,—notably the oblique lines on the sides,—and on the venter. Sept. 3d. The larva was 1% inches in length and ,%& inch from the venter to the tip of the hump on 5th segment. In the afternoon it grew dull in color, the humps seemed to be retracted, and, the next day, were almost level with the dorsal line, and the larva looked small and moist. It spuna few threads to fasten a leaf to the tin. 1 inch long. PSTCHE, 24 Sept. 8th. The pupa appeared. Pufa 4+ inch long, neither stout nor slender,. dark brown with much darker head, thorax, Wing-cases, anal point, and bands betweem the segments. Eye-cases prominent and very smooth. Segments distinctly ridged on the edges, and pitted between these ridges. Anal point long, slender, sharp. The pupa was very active, rolling a foot or more at a time. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. — By accident the pages of the last number of Psyche were marked April instead of May. An interesting sketch of protective resem- blance as displayed in the animal world was given in February before the Belgian acad- emy by Dr. Felix Plateau, and will be found in its Bulletins, pp. 89-135. Interesting ex- amples among insects are given. A new classification of the Acaroidea with full details and an enumeration of the genera is given by Dr. Trouessart in the Revue des sciences naturelles de l’?Ouest of Paris for January, 1892. Five suborders and ten fami- lies are recognized and six of the latter are separated into twenty-four subfamilies. The eighth part of the leisurely Introduc- tion to entomology by Kolbe has appeared and contains some interesting summaries. The consideration of the muscles is con- cluded, and the mechanism and physiology of flight and other movements considered with interesting topical bibliographies. The nervous system is then taken up andits main features and especially the brain discussed, followed again by bibliographies. The extensive but in no way expensive work upon the families and genera of butter- flies begun in 1885 by Schatz and continued after his death in 1887 by Réber has just been completed by the publication of the sixth part. The neuration of nearly five hundred different butterflies, representing almost as many genera and accompanied by some rude details of the structure of the legs, palpi, and 278 antennae, are depicted on the fifty folio plates, while the text (284 pp.) describes the families, lower groups and genera with a statement of the number of species in each. On the plan laid down the work is well and symmetrically done and will prove exceed- ingly useful; but the classification is bad, the nomenclature of the parts unfortunate, and in the meagre use made of the early stages the hand of the closet naturalist is seen. Furthermore, the work comes to a stop without considering the Hesperidae, except in a single column in the introductory por- tion on geographical distribution. Schatz evidently intended to include them but Réber quailed before the task. The work can be obtained through Dr. Staudinger of Dresden. A Genera of Butterflies fairly up to the times is still a desideratum. An interesting summary of his observa- tions on the visits of insects to flowers is given by Robertson in a couple of papers in the recently issued Transactions of the St. Louis academy of science (vol. 5, nos. 3 and 4). The first treats of the insects ob- PSLCHE. [June 1892. served on Umbelliferae, the second on the other orders from Asclepiadaceae to Scroph- ulariaceae inclusive. The insects were de- termined by specialists. The full details of his experiments on destroying chinch-bugs in the field by the in- troduction of bugs affected by contagious diseases are published by Chancellor Snow in the first report of the experiment station of the University of Kansas. Under the title Beobachtungen itiber miic- kengallen Dr. Fr. Thomas publishes in the Programme of the Ohrdruf Gymnasium ob- servations on cecidomyian galls on thirty different European plants; twelve cases of wholly new cecidia are given, while of eight others the plant host is new. Dr. Lintner’s seventh report on the insects of New York has just been issued; it forms an abundantly illustrated volume of over two hundred pages, about one half of which is given up to accounts of eleven injurious spe- cies of different orders. Two papers read before horticultural societies are included in the appendix. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 wet. HOUGHTON, MIPRLIN Co; PHALANGIDAE,. I am preparing a monograph of the Phalan- gidae of North America and will be glad to get specimens from any locality. Will identify and re- turn any sent. Specimens from the Northwest, Southwest, and the Pacific coast especially desired. CLARENCE M. WEED, Hanover, N. H. 4 Park St., Boston, Mass- GUATEMALAN BUTTERFLIES. A collection of about 400 Guatemalan Butterflies, in papers as collected (mostly Nymphalinae and Pierinae, and no Hesperidae,) will be sold for ten dollars for the benefit of Psyche to the first applicant sending cash to SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas, Mercer Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Poy. x JOURNAL OF BN TOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 195. Jury, 1892. CONTENTS: THE BoMByYcINE GENUS LAGOA, TYPE OF A NEW FamMiILy.—A. S. Packard. . ‘ 281 THE LEPTIDAE AND BOMBYLIDAE OF THE WHITE MounTAINS.— Lewis £&. Hood. . 283 THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus. —II. — Samuel H. Scudder. : : : 285 THREE NEW PAMBOLIDS FROM THE UNITED STATES. — Wm. H. Ashmead. : : 289 NoTES ON CERURA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. — Harrison G. Dyar. : 290 PERSONAL NOTES. . : : : ° : : : : : . : ; - 292 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Notes. —II.— Samuel Henshaw. . : : 3 ‘ : ‘ 293 CERURA MODESTA. — Harrison G. Dyar. : 5 < : . - : : é 293 GENERAL Nores (Hudson’s New Zealand entomology; Lowne’s Blow-fly; Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica; a prize in economic entomology; Heraclides cresphontes in Massachusetts). ‘ . : : : : d : ‘ : ‘ - 294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. : : : : : 294 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CamBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. 2oc. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] bo fore) i=) PS VCHE: [July 1892. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. | RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. | | | | | | JE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered | renewed. JE Beginning with Fanuary, 1591, the rate of subscription ts as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 | Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, zf o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. TEE Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, J Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, 75 .60 Quarter “ se a 1.25 1.00 Half “s a a Wy 4-3 One e a He 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W- CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few conrplete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of the North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. : 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 : : 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (con- taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 1.00 Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jabrg. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. : 5 5.00 U.S. ee Commission. Bulletins INOS* 25) 25:4515 51 O57) 1.00 —Fourth Report, Washington, “ie 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. PHALANGIDAE. I am preparing a monograph of the Phalan- gidae of North America and will be glad to get specimens from any locality. Will identify and re- turn any sent. Specimens from the Northwest, Southwest, and the Pacific coast especially desired. CLARENCE M. WEED, Hanover, N. H. Sy CE Fi. foe BOMBYCINE GENUS LAGOA, TYPE OF A NEW FAMILY. BY A. S. PACKARD, PROVIDENCE, R. I. In its general appearance the larva of Lagoa is in some respects intermedi- ate between the Cochliopodidae and the Liparidae. It resembles the former group in the short thick body; in the head being concealed by the prothoracic hood; and inthe venomous spines. On the other hand it resembles the Liparidae in the hairy body, the hairs being finely plumose, a peculiarity of more common occurrence in the Lipa- ridae than in the Cochliopodidae. As regards the cocoon this is inter- mediate in form and texture between that of Orgyia, etc., and the Cochlio- podidae, but it more closely approaches that of the latter; it varies somewhat in density in different species, being usu- ally quite firm and dense, like parch- ment, nearly as much so as in those of the Cochliopodidae, and also approach- ing them in shape, being oblong-cylin- drical, oval, contracted at the anterior end, and with a separately-spun lid, closing the front end. As Dr. Lintner has shown with many intexesting details, ‘*The lid is woven by the caterpillar separately from the rest of the cocoon, and is not a section cut from it after its completion.” Ent. contr., ii. p. 142. The pupa is much like that of Lima- codes, etc., the integument or cast cuticle being remarkably thin, and after the exit of the moth the antennae and legs, as well as the wings, are free from the body; while the latter is split both down the back and along the under side to the end of the thorax. Moreover when the moth escapes, the pupa-skin is left with the head and thorax project- ing out of the end of the cocoon. As regards its imaginal or adult char- acters it is also intermediate between the two families In the short stout body and short broad wings it has the habit of a Limacodes rather mentioned. than of such Liparid genera as Por- thesia, etc. In the shape of the an- tennae and palpi it is about as near the Liparidae as the Cochliopodidae. In respect to the denuded head, Lagoa is much more like Euclea than the Liparidae. The clypeus is rather long and narrow, similar in shape to that of Euclea, though rather narrower, and is thus more like that of the Cochliopodids than that of the Liparidae, represented by Orgyia and the European Porthes¢a chrysorrhaea, whose denuded heads _ I have examined. The epicranium and occiput taken together (on the median line of the body) are about one third as long as the entire clypeus. As regards the venation, Lagoa is 282 decidedly nearer Euclea and other Coch- liopodids than the Liparidae (I have ex- amined the venation of Orgyia and Parorgyia). Lagoa has the same wide costal region of the fore wings as in Euclea, that of the Liparidae being very narrow; the five branches of the sub- costal vein are thrown off in nearly the same manner as those of Euclea and Limacodes. gin of the independent (6th subcostal) are The discal veins and ori- almost precisely as in Euclea, and the four branches of the median vein are also similar in their mode of origin, and unlike those of Orgyia and Paror- eyia. In the hind wings, as in the Cochlio- podidae, there are ten veins, in the Lip- aridae only nine; there are but two branches of the subcostal vein, the third branch being detached, so that there are two independent veins, one arising from the anterior, and the other from the posterior discal vein. In the Liparidae mentioned there is no inde- The four median vein- lets have the same peculiarities in their mode of origin as in Cochliopodids and the same differences from the Liparidae. To sum up: in the superficial char- acters of the imago, and in having ab- dominal legs in the larva, Lagoa resem- bles the flat, scale-like Liparidae, but in ali its essential characters, those of the egg, of the larva, pupa, and imago, it belongs with the Cochliopodidae, except in the matter of the presence of abdomi- nallegs inthe larva. On this account it seems fairly entitled to be regarded as pendent vein. PSTGHE, [ July, 1892. the type of an independent group. We may regard it as a generalized, ancient group of Cochliopodidae, and refer it to a subfamily Lagoinae, or we may boldly remove it altogether from either of the two families mentioned and consider the genus as the representative of a dis- tinct family and designate the group by the name of Lagoidae. This on the whole seems to us to be perhaps the most judicious course to pursue. At all events the insect is plainly enough an ancient, ancestral, or generalized It isa Cochliopodid with larval abdominal legs. It lays eggs like those of Limacodes, etc. ; its head in the larval state is concealed from above by the prothoracic hood; its larval armature is more of the Cochliopodid type than Li- parid; so are the pupal characters and the nature of the cocoon; and the shape of the important parts of the head, and the essential features of the venation, are overwhelmingly Cochliopodid. Under these circumstances we feel justified in form. regarding Lagoa as a most interesting ancestral form, and as affording argu- ments for considering the Bombyces as a whole as a generalized and ancestral group, and as epitomizing the other higher lepidopterous families. The genus is peculiar to North and South America, and may rank with such forms as the colossal sloths, and certain American vertebrate survivors of middle Tertiary times. In some re- spects it is intermediate between the Saturniidae, especially the higher At- tacinae and the Cochliopodidae. July 1892. | PSYCH EE, 2 (96) oo THE LEPTIDAE AND BOMBYLIDAE OF THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. BY LEWIS E. HOOD, But few local lists of the Diptera have been published and until this or- der has been placed upon a higher basis by monographic study anything seems useful that will contribute to our knowledge of the geographical distri- bution of this neglected group of in- sects. I have considerable material from the mountains of central New Hampshire and a list of the Leptidae and Bomby- lidae are given below; good series of several other families are in my posses- sion especially in the Tabanidae, Asili- dae, Empidae, and Trypetidae which I shall work up as time allows. What knowledge I have of the dip- terous fauna of the White Mt. region has been gained by the study of the insects collected during two trips be- | tween the years 1883 and 1887, and from several small lots of flies obtained from friends by exchange ; supplemen- tary to these personal collections I have had free access, through the kindness of Dr. H. A. Hagen, to the rich collec- tions of Dr. H. Loew and Baron C. R. Osten Sacken in the Museum of com- parative zodlogy in Cambridge, Mass., thereby not only being able to deter- mine my species by direct comparison but becoming familiar with their series of New England Diptera. There is a marked similarity be- tween the dipterous fauna of the south- ern portion of the White Mountains, SOMERVILLE, MASS. and that of eastern Massachusetts, but the species obtained north of Mount Washington seem to be more local, with many that are common in Canada ; the material from the mountain region is far too incomplete to warrant any definite conclusions as to distribution but I add to the list a few notes that have some bearing on this subject. At no place did I find the Leptidae numerous, certain species of Bombylidae were well represented by specimens; many are limited in their distribution with only one or two that could be considered cosmopolitan. Most of my specimens were collected at North Conway, Bemis, Upper Bart- lett, Glen Station, Mt. Washington, and the region around Jefferson. while FamiLy LEpTipDAE. Triptotricha rufithorax Say. Up- per Bartlett; before only recorded from N. Y. westward. Chrysopila fasctata Say. North Conway, also at Hollis, N. H. Chrysopila guadrata Say. North Conway, Bemis, N. H., eastern Massa- chusetts and throughout New England. Chrysopila thoractca Fab. One specimen from near Mt. Lincoln; I am not certain of exact locality, and have specimens from Massachusetts and Maine. Leptis hirta Loew. A specimen from the western part of the state 284 agrees in every respect with Dr. Loew’s description but with slight, if it can be called any, facial swelling. Osten Sacken in his Catalogue gives Illinois as .the habitat of this species. The present may be a new species but it is best to wait until other specimens are received before any special description is given. Leptis mystacea Macq. Bemis and Jefferson, N. H., eastern Massachusetts, Norwich, Conn. Leptts punctipennts Say. North Conway, Nashua. Osten Sacken states that this is common in the northern states, but it has not proved so in my collecting grounds. Atherix variegata Walk. A single specimen from Jefferson collected in 1883. Famity BoMBYLIDAE. This family is better represented than the former, especially in the number of specimens. Catalogue Baron Osten Sacken gives the White Moun- tains and Maine as the habitat of Axo- prosopa dorcadion O. S. in New Eng- land ; I place the species in this list but as yet I have not received it from New Hampshire. E-xoprosopa dorcadion O. S. Exoprosopa fasctpennis Say. North Conway ; and I have it from Connecti- In his cut. Exoprosopa fasciata Macq. Jeffer- son, Bemis, Nashua; rather rare near Boston, Mass. Anthrax lateral7s Say. Single speci- men near Bemis. IBS IMAGER: [July 1892- anthrax nigricauda Loew. Jef- ferson; only a single specimen; have never found it before in New England. Argyramoeba analis Say. Jefferson, N. H., Massachusetts, New Jersey, and in the collection of Mr. J. A. Wright a specimen labelled ‘* North Carolina ” received from Mr. Morrison. Argyramoeba pluto Wied. ‘+ W. Mt”? I have a specimen marked ‘‘W. Mt.” lately received with other species in exchange; it is possible this means ‘*Western Montana” but I am led to be- lieve that it is from the White Mountains. Argyramoeba simson Fab. Single specimen from the western foothills of the White Mountains. Bombylius fratellus Wied. Conway. Bombylius pygmaeus Fab. Jefferson. Bombylius varius Fab. A _ single specimen much damaged, obtained near North Conway, I take to be this species, but the identification is not positive. Another species of this genus collected near Jefferson is still unidentified; it is closely allied to LB. atriceps Loew, but much smaller. Systropus macer Loew. Upper Bart- lett: Eipibates fumestus O. 8. In his Catalogue of American Diptera Osten Sacken gives the White Mountains as the habitat of this species. I have as yet never seen a specimen, and it is probably very rare. Some species of this family were very common but it was quite another thing to catch them, they being approached with dithiculty, seemingly more active than their brothers in the Bay state. North uly, 1892.] (Continued from page 274.) des plantes at Paris, a 9, and the Philadelphia type of the same at the Oxford museum, and from my notes and sketches taken at the time (1865-66) I can have no doubt that the two species are identical, an opinion first advanced by Burmeister (Germ. Zeitschr. ent., 2,54) and now generally held. Burmeister’s description ap- peared at least a month before Serville’s. That the Brazilian specimen mentioned by Serville belonged to a different spe- cies is probable both from its geographi- cal separation and because Serville mentions that the inside of the hind femora is of a deep blue, which might have been taken from the Brazilian specimen but is not true of the North American species. This is a characteristic species of the southern United States, where it ex- tends everywhere from Florida to Texas, and ranges as far north as Mary- land, Pennsylvania (Serville), and New Jersey in the east, Illinois as far north as Union County (Thomas) or Rock Island County (McNeill) where it is rare, and in the west to Nebraska. I have specimens before me _ from various parts of Florida, Dallas, Tex., Georgia, North Carolina, Vir- ginia, Maryland, New Jersey, and Nebraska. Hippiscus (H.) PANTHERINUS sp. nov. Pale ochraceous, the head strongly tinged with pale yellow, full and well rounded, only moderately broad above; vertex trans- versely scabrous behind the scutellum which PSHCHE. is broader than long, with distinct and some- what elevated, though smoothly rounded bounding walls which rapidly converge on the sides anteriorly, its front terminated bya transverse and deep foveolate sulcus sepa- rating its body from the frontal costa; pos- teriorly the bounding wall is slight and a feeble longitudinal carina passes through its posterior half, the floor nearly smooth; lat- eral foveolae small, subrhomboid, distinct; frontal costa rather deeply sulcate except at extremities. Antennae fuscous, paler at base. Pronotum not very stout, the posterior lobe less expanded than usual, the median carina impressed rather than cut by the an- terior sulcus, and the effect heightened by its partial suppression immediately behind said sulcus and the formation of a slight discal scutellum; surface rugose but not promi- nently nor densely, the lateral canthi moder- ately sharp and. traversing the principal sulcus; color ochraceous with a pale yellow oblique stripe on either side of the metazona, broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly, giving the metazona the appearance of a greater expansion than it has. Tegmina dark fuscous with strongly pantherine, trans- verse, pallid or yellowish stripes which be- come narrower and fainter in the semipel- lucid apex; in all cases they are continuous, subequal, and traverse the whole or nearly the whole of the tegmina outside the axillary area which is fuscous except for one or two partial bands adjoining those of the area above but separated from them by the clear pale yellow sutural stripe; an oblique pallid discal stripe follows the descending portion of the ulnar vein connecting the transverse stripes at either end; darker marginal field blackish fuscous uous especially in middle of tegmina. Wings pale lemon-yellow at base with a rather broad dark fuscous stripe hardly nar- rowing in the upper part of the anal field, but narrowing with great regularity to the anal angle which it reaches, leaving four lobes of the margin intact; separated by a spots of the and conspic- 286 very narrow yellow line from the humeral stripe which runs two-thirds of the way to the base traversed interiorly by conspicuous yellow cross veins; costal margin more or less tinged with orange, the apical portion of axillary area with a few cellular fuliginous spots clustered along the veins. Hind fe- mora uniform coral red within from base to apex, testaceous externally with clouded fus- cous oblique stripes, above mostly fuscous; hind tibiae coral red externally, pallid toward base, the spines black tipped. Length of body, 39 mm. ; of tegmina, 37 mm. Pecos River, Texas, June 13. Capt. Pope; toned: This species not only shows a depart- ure toward the Xanthippus type of structure of the pronotal carina, but it resembles -A7. \(X-.)| “coz- spicuus Scudd. It differs from the lat- ter, however, in the structure of the head and pronotum, as well as in the width of the arcuate dark band of the wing; and from the Xanthippus type generally in the great depth of the infer- ior carina of the hind femora. So far as can be seen the antennae are of the Hippiscus type, but the tip is lost in the only specimen known. strikingly Hippiscus (H.) HALDEMANII. Ocedipoda haldemaniz Scudd!, Rep. U.S. geol.sury. Nebr., 251; Glov., Ill: N. A. ent., Orth., pl. 13, fig. 3? Hip piscus haldemanni Scudd!, Bull. U.S. geol. surv. terr., 2, 264. Oedipoda paradoxa Gloy. (not Thomas), Til. N. A. ent., Orth., pl. 18, fig. 14. Hippiscus nanus Sauss.. Prodr. Oedip., 86- 87. Hippiscus tuberculatus McNeill!, Psyche, 6, 63. Ocedipoda neglecta Thom!, Key IIl., Orth., 3; Bull. Ill. mus., 1,64; (not Oe. neglecta PS KOCLE. [ July, 1892. thom., Proe: 81-82, etc. I have re-examined some of the types of this species and base thereupon my conclusions about the synonymy of this and the allied species. That it is the A. zanxus of Saussure there can, I think, be no question. It is not the Oe. paradoxa of Thomas, which an exami- nation of the type shows to be a Xan- thippus, though Glover figures quite a different insect. acad. nat. sc. Phila., 1870, Illinois specimens labelled by Thomas show, strange as it may seem, that it was this insect which he mistook for his Oe. xeglecta. This species appears to be confined to the centre of the continent. Passing from east westward, the localities known to me are the following: Moline, Ill. (McNeill), southern Illinois (Thomas), the Red River of the North (Kennicott), middle Kansas (Bruner in litt.), all eastern and middle Nebraska and the Sand Hills of the same state (Bruner in litt.), eastern Nebraska (Dodge), Ne- braska City and the banks of the Platte River (Hayden), Garden of the Gods, * Colorado (Packard), Colorado (Saus- sure). Hippiscus (H.) TEXANUS sp. nov. Brownish fuscous, darker above than on the sides, inconspicuously dotted with black, the head, excepting above, ochraceous more or less mottled with brown, the vertex behind scutellum lightly corrugate, often in the @ transversely disposed; scutellum large with slight and not sharp bounding walls, of nearly equal length and breadth (2) or much longer than broad (@), its front margin deeply V-shaped and connected more or less faintly at the point of the V with the longi- . July, 1892. ] tudinal carinae of the vertex; lateral foveolae rather small, subtriangular and shallow; frontal costa somewhat constricted above, gently expanded at the ocellus at and below which it is moderately sulcate. Antennae ochraceous, becoming blackish fuscous in apical half or third, hardly tapering except on apical joints. Pronotum compressed, gently expanding on the metazona, the dor- sum very faintly tectiform, and the prozona posteriorly tumid centrally, the surface with distant prominent glistening granulations or very brief vermiculations; median carina simple, moderately pronounced with a dis- tinct but very slight uniform arcuation; lateral canthi not very pronounced, confined to the metazona but for slight indications ; posterior margin rectangular; lateral lobes with sparse, feeble, and very brief vermicula- tions, the centre marked with a fuscous blotch enclosing a yellowish quadrate mark below. Tegmina cinereous and fuscous, the former prevailing in the 9, the latter in the & where it also becomes blackish and the cinereous of a brighter tone: the marginal field has a large quadrate fuscous spot just beyond the angle of the humeral lobe, and in the 9 this is almost the only dark marking therein, while in the ¢ it is preceded by one and followed by two similar but a little smaller, equally dark spots, and the apical portion of the field is much infuscated; in both sexes the axillary area is dark cinereous with dark veins and faint fuscous spots; sutural stripe of the lighter color and tolera- bly conspicuous; the inner discoidal field has rather small and roundish fuscous spots, the largest and roundest just at or within the broadest part, the outermost below the sharply triangular fuscous spot at the ex- treme base of the outer discoidal field and separated from it by only a narrow cinereous line at the upper edge of the ulnar inter- space; beyond this the outer discoidal field has three or four very similar broad trans- verse fuscous bands, relatively much broader and much darker in the @ than in the 9, PSTLTCIHE. 287 becoming blurred and indistinct apically. Wings coral red at base, the fusco-fuliginous arcuate band below the fourth lobe, of moderate breadth, narrowing but little as it passes to the anal angle, but some- what as it passes upward to the faint and marginal slender yellowish red line separating it from the humeral stripe which reaches toward but not to the base, and is separated from the margin except apically by the red of the base; apex hyaline, slightly infuscated at the edge in the @, the veins and cross veins blackish fuscous. Hind femora yellow apic- ally and blue basally within, thrice traversed by broad black bars; outside fusco-cinereous, indistinctly barred with fuscous in the @; hind tibiae yellow with an orange tinge, the spines black tipped. Length of body, §,32 mm., 92, 47 mm.; of elytra, , 34 mm., 2, 45 mm. Dallas, Texas, Boll, May 1, June 6. Desenibed yitom. 3-65.16 9... I shave since received a specimen from San Antonio, Texas, collected by Newell (Bruner). Hippiscus (H.) RuGosus. Oedipoda rugosa Scudd!, Bost. journ. nat. hist., 7, 469; Walk., Cat. Derm. salt. Brit. mus., 731; Thom., Rep. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 6, 720-721; Syn. Acrid. N. A., 132-133; ey; Ul Orth, 35 iGlova. lly (Ne AL ents, Orth:, pli 12) fig.’8: Hippiscus rugosus Scudd!, Rep. geol. N. H., 1, 377; Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 85. Hippiscus corallipes var. rugosus Thom., Rep. ent. Ill., 9, 95, 115-116. This species, originally described from specimens found in Massachusetts and Maine where it is very rare, has since proved to be wide spread. I have myself seen specimens from Nor- way, Me. (Smith), eastern Massa- chusetts (Scudder), Delaware (Ent. 288 soc. Philad.), Maryland (Uhler), Georgia (Morrison in Henshaw’s col- lection), Illinois (Strumberg in Hen- shaw’s coll.), southern Illinois (Ken- nicott), Republican Fork, Kansas (Lt. Bryant), Lakin, Kans. (Scudder), West Point, Nebraska, and Glendive, Montana! (Bruner), and from Dallas (Boll), San Antonio (Lincecum), and Bosque Co., Texas (Belfrage). Saus- sure in addition reports it from Mis- sourl, Thomas from the District of Columbia, Nebraska, and Dakota; and Walker (in whose correct determina- tion of the species I have no confidence) from Nova Scotia. New Jersey, and Vancouver Island. southern species, rarely occurring in the north. Belfrage says that in Texas it is a rare species found on prairies in October. It seems to be a Hippiscus (H.) comMpactus sp. nov. A compact and stout though not very large form. Very dark brownish fuscous, flecked with blackish, the head stout and full, very broad above, olivaceo-fuscous ex- cepting above, where it is brownish fuscous with broad median and lateral longitudinal dull olivaceous stripes ;summit of head sparse- ly punctate, nearly smooth with very slight signs of transverse rugae; vertical scutellum indistinct, with slight and low bounding walls, broader than long in both sexes, faintly quadripartite; lateral foveolae slight, elon- gate, triangular; frontal costa broad, flat, punctate, slightly depressed at the ocellus, subequal, at upper extremity faintly bifoveo- late. Antennae pale cinereous at base, dark fuscous apically. Pronotum stout, but not expanding greatly on the metazona, the dor- sal area nearly flat and tolerably uniform Dctoy) 1 Oy = ate [ July, 1892, except for the more or less longitudinal glis- tening rugae which are rather sparse and not very elevated; median carina very uniform and prominent or arcuate; lateral canthi tolerably well pronounced on the metazona, distinctly and considerably sur- passing the median sulcus; angle of poste- rior margin slightly exceeding a right angle; lateral lobes densely punctate on the meta- zona. ‘Tegmina cinereous, becoming semi- pellucid apically, heavily banded with black- ish fuscous in tolerably regular transverse subequidistant stripes, with very little ob- liquity, broader in the proximal than in the distal half of the tegmina; they are subcon- tinuous in the marginal and discoidal areas, and the axillary area is fuscous with three or four small blackish spots seated on the anal vein; sutural stripe distinct and yellowish cinereous; the spot at extreme base of the outer discoidal area is completely amalga- mated with that below and slightly within in the inner discoidal area; the outer stripes are slender, more or less maculate, and do not reach the lower margin of the tegmina. Wings pale lemon-yellow at base with a pretty broad, blackish fuscous, arcuate band scarcely reaching the anal angle and touch- ing the margin only at the 5th (¢) or 6th (2) lobe; it is not narrowed above, is sepa- rated from the humeral stripe by a testaceous line, the stripe reaching nearly to the base; apex hyaline, or in the @ slightly infuscated next the margin above, all the veins blackish. Hind femora clay yellow within banded with black, dull cinereo-fuscous Without, oblique- ly banded with blackish fuscous; hind tibiae brownish yellow, more or less infuscated ex- cept ina broad band just beyond the base, spines black tipped. Length of body, ¢, 26 mm., 2, 33 mm., of tegmina, f, 22 mm., 2, 29 mm. Carolina, from the Schaum collection ; Maryland, from the south shore of the North Potomac. Described from 14, 12. not July, 1892. | THREE NEW PAMBOLIDS FROM THE UNITED BY WM. H. ARRAPHIS Ruthe. No species of this interesting genus is yet described from North America and nothing is known of the habits of the several described European species. Two distinct species, captured by myself in Florida while sweeping, and known to me only in the male sex, may be thus distinguished :— Metanotum coarsely rugose. Black ; head yellowish. A. americana sp. n. Metanotum distinctly areolated. Black; collar yellow; basal two- thirds of abdomen reddish. A. minuta sp. n. A. americana sp. n. &. Length, 3 mm. Black, shining, with a short, sparse pube- scence; head and collar, reddish-yellow; basal three joints of antennae, tegulae, and legs, honey-yellow. Head transverse, rounded off behind the eyes, smooth, impunctured; eyes rounded, prominent. Mesonotum tri- lobed, the middle lobe somewhat rugulose, carinated at sides posteriorly, the lateral lobes shagreened. Scutellum convex, smooth, shining, with a profound crenate furrow at base. Pleurae rugose. Metathorax coarsely rugose, the angles produced into a long spine; tips of the spines yellowish; there is also a delicate carina extending from the base of each spine forward to the spira- cles. Wings hyaline, the stigma and ner- vures brownish-yellow, the costal edge black, the recurrent nervure interstitial with the transverse cubital. Abdomen oblong-oval, black, much depressed, highly polished, and La CRE. 289 STATES. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D.C. composed of but three segments, the first with a deep channel along the sides, bounded by a carina above. Hab.— Jacksonville, Florida. Type in Coll. Ashmead. Described from a single specimen. A. minuta sp. x. &. Length 1.4 mm. Black, shining; collar yellow; basal two- thirds of abdomen reddish, the basal half finely longitudinally striated; rest of the abdomen highly polished. Antennae long, slender, black, the pedicel and first flagellar joint alone yellowish. Thorax faintly sha- greened or punctate, the mesonotum trilobed, the middle lobe with a slight impression. posteriorly just in front of the scutellum but without a carina at the sides. Scutellum smooth with a faintly crenated fovea at base. Pleurae finely rugose. Metathorax regularly areolated, the angles produced into long yellow spines, the surface of the areas, ex- cept the long middle, smooth and shining, the middle area transversely wrinkled. Legs honey-yellow. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures pale yellow. Hab. — Jacksonville, Florida. Type in Coll. Ashmead. PAMBOLUS HALIDAY. P. bifasciatus sp. n. 6 Y. Length 2 3 mm., ovip.o.3mm.; ¢ 2.6mm. Black, sub- opaque, minutely shagreened; metathorax finely rugose and indistinctly areolated. Mesonotum without furrows. Scutellum flat with a crenate furrow across the base. Wings hyaline with two transverse, fuscous bands. Antenne in @ 21-, in 2 22- jointed, pale yellowish-brown. Legs dark fuscous, 290 almost black, the tarsi pale. Abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax to- gether, longitudinally striate, the apical margins of segments 2, 3, and 4, apical half of 5, and the following segments smooth, polished; the second segment has also two transverse lines or impressions, the first dis- tinct situated a little beyond its basal third, the second indistinct. Hab. — District of Columbia, Cali- BSL GH. [ July, 1892" fornia, and Morgantown, W. Va. Types in Coll. Ashmead and National Museum. My specimens were taken at large, while those in the National Museum were reared June 24, 1891, at Morgan- town, W. Va., by Prof. A. D. Hop- kins, from Azxthaxia living in willow twigs. virtdtcornis, NOTES ON CERURAY WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW (SPECIES BY HARRISON G. The species of Cerura have been so badly mixed up in Prof. Smith's new list, that I will give a catalogue of them, as follows : CERURA MULTISCRIPTA Riley. 1875 — Riley, Trans. St. Louis acad. sci., Lit 240 1890 — Dyar, Psyche, v, 393. Habitat — Missouri and Illinois to New York. CERURA SCITISCRIPTA Walker. 1865—Walk., Cat. lep. Brit. mus.,xxxii, 408. var. CANDIDA Lintner. 1877 — Lintn., 30th rept. N. Y. State mus., 199. 1891 — Dyar, Can. ent., xxiii, 87. Dr. var. Habitat — Georgia to Kansas. C&ERURA CINEREA Walker. 1865 — Walk. Cat. lep. Brit. mus., xxxii, 407. 1883 — Edwards and Elliot, Papilio, iii, 130. 1891 -— Dyar, Psyche, vi, 8o. var. CINEREOIDES Dyar. 1890 — Dyar, Can. ent., xxii, 253. 1891 — Dyar, Psyche, vi, 82. Habitat — New York to Montana and Cal- ifornia. CERURA OCCIDENTALIS Lintner. 1877 — Lintn., 30th rept. N. Y. State Mus., 194. . 1881 --- French, Can. ent., xiii, 144. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. Hlabitat — Pennsylvania to Canada and Wisconsin. CERURA MODESTA Hudson. 1891 — Hudson, Can. ent., xxiii, 197. FHlabitat — Northern New York. CERURA BOREALIS Boisduval. 1832—Boisd., Cuv. an. kingd., (Griffith). 1841 — Harris, Rept. ins. Mass., 306. 1864 — Packard, Proc. ent. soc. Phil., iii> 375: 1872 — Lintner, 26th rept. N. Y. st. nat. hist.) L5il. 1877 — Lintner, 30th rept. N. Y. st. mus., 196. 1881 — French, Can. ent., xiii, 145. 1891 —- Dyar, Can. ent., xxili, 85. Habitat — Georgia and Missouri to IIli- nois and New England states. CERURA SCOLOPENDRINA Boisduval. 1869 — Boisd., Lép. de la Cal., 86. 1891 — Dyar, Can.ent., xxiii, 186. agutlonarts Lintner. 1877 —Lintn., 30th rept. N. Y. state mus., 197. 1891 — Thaxter, Can., ent., xxiii, 34. 1891 — Dyar, Can. ent., xxiii, 186, Ar. syn. Habitat — New York, Canada, Montana, Oregon and California.* cab. *This is, doubtless, the species to which Butler re- ferred as C. bicuspis Bkh.in Ann. mag.n.h,, viii, 317. ——— July, 1892]. CERURA ALBICOMA Strecker. 1884 — Strk., Proc. acad. nat. 284. Habitat — Colorado. CERURA PARADOXA Behr. 1885 — Behr, Bull. Cal. acad. sci., i, 64. Head, thorax and legs clothed with dense white hairs, slightly tinged with cinereous on the collar, and banded on the thorax cen- trally with black and orange scales; abdomen cinereous, banded with white on the poste- rior edges of the segments. Fore silvery white, the transverse bands usually absent, but not diffused as in Cerura mert- dtonalis. When present they are faint, smoky gray, the inner one excavate on the inner side, nearly straight on the outer and slightly incised on the median and internal veins. (The outer is absent on all the speci- mens before me.) A black dot at base on median vein; just beyond it, another on the subcostal; further out, five more in a curved line, the first extending from costa to costal vein, second on the subcostal vein, third on the median, fourth on internal and fifth on the internal margin. The transverse band is represented by scattered, small gray scales; its margin defined in black on the costa and median and strongly marked with orange scales on the costa, median and inter- nal veins and internal margin. Beyond the band, are five black dots, on the costa, sub- costal, median and internal veins respectively, and on the internal margin, the third just at the origin of vein 2. Median space white with a smoky gray transverse line, inwardly produced on the submedian fold. In some specimens this is very faint, but not more so than the other markings. Just beyond it, are two rews of venular dots, representing the outer band and separated by a space of from 4 to1 mm. The inner rowis black, the outer orange, and in one specimen they are the only distinct markings. Terminal space clear white, except a very few inconspicuous small gray scales near costal margin. Ter- sci. Phil, wings vein, minal intervenular dots distinct, black, but variable in size from small to large. PSUCTLE:. 291 Hind wings non-lustrous white, with the blackish terminal dots. Below white, an extra-mesial gray shade line on fore wings and discal spots on both pair. Terminal dots as above. Expanse, 37-42 mm. A decidedly variable species, especially in the distinctness of maculation. Var. PLACIDA, 2. var. This is the form in which the smoky gray transverse bands are evident at first glance, and the characteristic aspect of the species is much modified thereby. The form is rare, occurring only in two or three females out ot the large number of specimens in Dr. Behr’s collection. It is a partial reversion to the usual type of marking in the genus Cerura. Habitat — Nevada Co., California. CERURA MERIDIONALIS, 2. sf. Head, collar, and patagia white, thorax centrally mixed with blackish and a few orange scales ; abdomen apparently pale gray, banded with whitish, but in poor condition in my specimens. Fore wings silvery white, the usual bands and marks nearly lost, being diffused and scattered into numerous black scales, which cover nearly the whole surface. Basal space white, except for a few dots, composed of three or four clustered scales, one at base and, further out, three more, on costal, median and internal veins respective- ly, the one on the median vein much further out than the others. The transverse band con- sists of black scattered irrorations on the white ground, with afew orange scales about the median and internal veins. Its shape can be made out, being deeply excavate both without and within, but not broken. It is about 5 mm. wide on internal margin, a little narrower on costa and only a little over I mm. wide in its narrowest part below med- ian vein. Median space white, with sparse- ly, and irregularly distributed black irrora- tions. Theouter band is represented by scattered black irrorations, which extend to the outer margin, but become more dense near the inner border of the band, which is. quite sharply defined in one specimen, being 292 lined, nearly continuously, with orange scales. It starts on the costa, about 4mm. from apex, runs slightly obliquely inwards to vein 5, then curves sharply outward and turns, running parallel to external margin to its junction with the internal margin, where it becomes obscure. It is outwardly produced on veins 3 and 4. In the other specimen, this line lacks most of the orange scales, and is very obscure, its course being hardly discernible. Terminal intervenular spots very slight, consisting of four or five ES LCHME: [ July, 1892. very small black scales, not contiguous. Hind wings white, without silvery luster, the intervenular spots larger than on fore wings, smoky black. Below, the wings are white; terminal dots repeated, enlarged. Expanse 46 mm. Two 29, EI Paso, Texas. Kindly, presented! to ime by) Prof ajenn)- Rivers of the University of California. I have drawn up the following table to separate the species of Cerura : — § 1. Primaries crossed by about eight angularly undulate black lines. Secondaries black — multiscripta Riley. Secondaries white. Lines continuous — seztéscrifta Walker. Lines broken — var. candtda Lintner. § 2. Primaries crossed at basal third by abroad gray band, which may be broken or diffuse or even entirely obsolete. Primaries dark cinereous—-czzerea Walker. Primaries pale cinereous. A row of dots in median space — var. cénmereotdes Dyar. Three dentate lines in median space. Band with defined edges and a few orange scales — occidentalis Lintner. Band of uniform tint, and without orange scales — modesta Hudson. Primaries white. Transverse band indistinct, though perhaps broken. Six black spots in an ellipse on disk—éorealcs Boisduval. Indistinct dentate lines on disk. Band broad — scolopendrina Boisduval. Band narrow or broken — albicoma Strecker. Transverse band faint or obsolete, rarely distinct. Black markings much reduced, often largely absent, but not diffuse. Transverse band faint or absent —faradoxa Behr. Transverse band distinct—- var. plactda Dyar. Black markings very diffuse, irrorate, size large — meridionalis Dyar. PERSONAL NOTES: — American entomolo- gists will be pleased to hear that the mathe- matical physical faculty of Heidelberg University has conferred the degree of Doctor philosophiae naturalis (honoris causa) upon Baron Charles Robert von Osten Sacken. Prof. C. H. Tyler Townsend of the New Mexico College of Agriculture at Las Cruces, has started on a field trip by wagon from there to the Grand Cafion of the Colorado, via Flagstaff. Prof. Wooton, of the same College, and two students accompany him, and they expect to be away two months. ~ ae Agra, 12. _ Barysomus, 3. July, 1892. | They have arranged to meet Prof. Toumey of the University of Arizona, and his party, consisting of men from the Agricultural De- partment in Washington, who start by wagon from Tucson, at Flagstaff about the first of July. They will then go on to the Grand Cafion together, remaining in company three or four weeks, and returning by way of the eastern boundary of Arizona. The object of both parties is the collection of insects and plants. Dr. W. J. Holland of Pittsburg sailed for Europe June 29 and during the summer will prosecute some entomological studies in the museums of London and Paris. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. — II. BY SAMUEL HENSHAW. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. — COL- EOPTERA. Vol.I. By Henry Walter Bates. gen. sp Cicindelidae, 1881, pt. 13-14, p. 1-18; 1883, pt. 27, p. 256; 1884, pt. 31, Pp. 257-261. 8 85 Carabidae, 1881, pt. 14, p. 19-40; 1882, pt. 15-19, p. 41-152; 1883, pt. 21- 22,25, 27, p. 153-2553; 1884, pt. 31- 32, 34) P- 261-299. 144 999 Species of the following genera are fig- ured : — Cicindelidae. — Cicindela, 1, 13. Ctenos- toma, 1. Odontocheila, 1, 13. Oxycheila, 1. Oxygonia, 1. Pseudoxycheila, 1. Tet- macha, I. Carabidae. — Abaris, 4. Adrimus, 4. Allotriopus, 4, Amara, 4. Ana- Anchomenus, 4. 6. Discoderus, 3. Dromius, 8. Ega, 6. *Elliptoleus, 4. Euchroa, 4. Euproctus, § Eurycoleus, 7. Evarthrus, 14. Galerita, 6, 7. Gallerucidia, 9g. Glyptolenus, 5, 13- Helluomorpha, 7. Hyboptera, 8. Hypher, pes, 4. *Ithytolus, 13. Lachnophorus, 6. Lebia, 10, 1%, 12. Lelis, 7. Leptotrachelus 6. ia, 12.) Woricera}2.. loxandrus, 4,13 Menidius, 8. Mizotrechus, 6. Micragra, 6 Morio, 4 Moriosomus, 4. Nemotarsus, 7. Notiobia 3, 13. Notiophilus, 2. *Ochropisus, 7 Omophron, 2. Onota, 8,13. Onyptergyia 5. ‘Otoglossa, 8. Pachyteles, 2,13. Pana- 3. Pasimachus, 2. .Pelecium, 3. Pentagonica, 9. *Per. Pericompsus, 6, 13. Perigona, 6. Philopheuga, 9. Phloe- Pinacodera, 7, 8. Polpochila 3.° Loxopeza, Io. *Mioptachys, 6. gaeus, *Pelmatellus, 3. colaus, 4. Pheropsophus, 7. oxena, 7- Physea, 2. Platynus, 4. Platysoma, 4. Pseudomorpha, 12. Scaphinotus,13. Schi. Selenophorus, 3, 13. Steno- crepis, 3. Stenoglossa, 7. Stenognathus, 7. Stenomorphus, 3. Stenous, 3. Stolonis, 4, Tachys, 6. Tachyta,6. Tetragonoderus, 7, Trechus, 6. Xystosomus, 6. New genera are marked (*); the figure following the name of the genus denotes the number of the plate. Of the 85 species of Cicindelidae found in Central America 18 species occur in America north of Mexico» and of the g99 species of Carabidae from Central America, 84 are found in America north of Mexico. zogenius, 2. CERURA MODESTA.—In my list of the Bombyces taken at electric light in Pough- keepsie, N. Y., given not long since in Psyche, occurs the name Cerura agutlonaris. This I now believe is an error, and the name should be Cerura modesta Hudson. This species was not then described, and the deter- mination was made from a single example in very poor condition taken from the lamps previous to 1890. C. aguzlonaris Lintn. (=scolopendrina Boisd.) probably does not occur in New York.—Harrison G. Dyar. 294 GENERAL NOTES :— Hudson’s Elementary manual of New Zealand entomology, an oc. tavo work of 136 pp. and 21 colored plates, is not at all what its title would lead one to expect. It is rather an account of a selected series of insects of all orders, about 113 spe_ cies, the life-history or habits of which were more or less known to the author. Perhaps the most interesting and the fullest are those of species of Hepialus and Oeceticus. Its value consists in this and the figures of the larvae, etc., which are unfortunately rather too vague and generalized for special use. It is, however, an interesting sketch of in- sect-life at the antipodes. The third part of Lowne’s Anatomy of the blowfly, concluding the first of two volumes, contains 136 pp. and 1o pl. It discusses the topographical anatomy of the muscles and viscera of the imago, the embryology, the general anatomy and histology of the insect, and the development of the nymph in the pupa. The next volume will deal with the internal organs. Many of the author’s views are diametrically opposed to those usually received, but in such cases both sides are presented. The tenth part of Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica deals entirely with the Satyrinae, but EP SiDCTL TER, [July 1892. contains nothing of general interest. The Royal Society of New South Wales offers its medal and twenty-five pounds for the best communication on each of several subjects, among which is one ‘“‘on the in- juries occasioned by insect-pests upon intro- duced trees” in that country. The offer is closed in May, 1893. Theodore Shaw of Wellesley, Mass., a boy of nine, informs us that on June 1 last he caught a specimen of Heraclides cresphontes in that town. It is not known to have been seen in Massachusetts since 1883. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 8 April, 1892.— The 170th meeting was held at 156 Brattle street, Mr. S. Henshaw in the chair. Mr. A. P. Morse showed some larvae of Corethra which he had recently collected. He also remarked that while collecting lately he had found a salamander which had been feeding on white ants. Mr. S. H. Scudder read letters from Mr. W. H. Edwards and Mr. J. Fletcher, both noting the poor success they had had in win- tering the larvae of several butterflies. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScuUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 ved. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., ADVERTISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or for cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts ofthe U.S. Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. t5 Street, N. Y. City. 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. _ C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. < So ee PSYCHE. Mw oIOUr NAL, OF) ENTOMOLOGY : [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 196. AvucGusT, 1892. CONTENTS: SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN Harris, SAY AND PICKERING.—VI. DESCRIPTION OF OESTRID LARVAE TAKEN FROM THE JACK-RABBIT AND COTTON- TAIL.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. . . ° : - ° DoHRNJZAND BURMEISTER.@® . PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus.—III.—Samuel H. Scudder. THE NORTH AMERICAN JASSIDAE ALLIED TO THAMNOTETTIX.—E£. P. Van Duzee. PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 20¢c. 296 PS TCHTE. [August 1892. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. JE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. PE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, if or- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of _ such changes in addition to above rates. PE Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.8.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. #2 Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates: — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, 75 .60 Quarter “ s o 1.25 1.00 Half 2 “ u 225 E75 One a 7 HI 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. | CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for gas. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais archip- pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of the North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, I8go. : 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 F c : 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (con- taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 1.00 Scudder, S.H. The pine-moth of Nan- tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 : 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jee 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. : 5.00 U. S. Entomological Commission. Bulletins, INOS.25) 25:45 15 10517, 1.00 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. PHALANGIDAE. I am _ preparing a monograph of the Phalan- gidae of North America and will be glad to get specimens from any locality. Will identify and re- turn any sent. Specimens from the Northwest, Southwest, and the Pacific coast especially desired. CLARENCE M. WEED, Hanover, N. H. | mq PSY CELE. SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN HARRIS, SAY, AND PICKERING.—VI. [PICKERING TO SAY. | SALEM, Sept. gth, 1825. Dear Sir, I take the present opportunity to for- ward you a few specimens of insects. The brown butterfly inhabits the bald summits of the White mountains of New Hampshire and appeared to be confined to those regions. Mr. Nuttall described to me a year ago an insect from the same locality probably identi- cal with this, but unfortunately his The white Pi- occurred not unfrequently about the base of the mountains, together, with a fine species of Apatura? with a broad white band across the middle of each wing, of which I was unable to procure more than a single specimen. The small Lyczena was taken in a bog meadow in this vicinity. Your Cicin- dela formosa I have frequently met with in this vicinity, and particularly, it oc- curred in great numbers, for two suc- cessive years, at a sandy spot near Cambridge in this state: the other Ci- cindela, of which I have sent you the two extremes in the variation of the markings, is distinguishable at first sight from C. sexguttata by the con- vexity of the elytra and also by the specimens were lost. eris the colors when alive, occurred abundantly at the same locality and I have met with it no where else. The Pollyxenus I met with two or three times this last spring under the bark of the Walnut; on the side of the White mountains under the bark of a dead pine I took a single specimen of the genus Craspedosoma which I have by me now though it is very much injured. The black Lep- tura is also from the sides of the White mountains. The Tipula is found in ditches in bog meadows in this vicinity and makes a curious appearance when flying, the six legs are then extended and become very conspicuous, slowly moving along, while the means by which the motion is produced are not seen. I have filled up the box with duplicates from my collection (which unfortunately are rather scarce particu- larly of the more uncommon species) of the genera Leucopsis, Plea Leach, Xylota?, Syrphus, Nemotelus, Sto- moxys, Hydrometra, Curculio, Lu- perus, Clytus, Cychrus, &c; if among these you find anything interesting I shall be able to give you further infor- mation. comparative dullness of Yours, with respect, CHARLES PICKERING. 298 [DRAFT OF REPLY BY THOMAS SAY. } October 12th, 1825. I thank you much for the specimens of ins. you were so good as to send me, as well as for the agreeable letter which accompanied them; in the care of Mr. Robinson they all arrived in excellent order. The Pollyxenus you met w. is [ ‘‘per- haps” erased] the P. fasciculatus Nob. if so the species has a wide range. Pieris, I have not met w. this sp. before & do not know it, have you both sexes? Limenitis arthemis, Drury, the But- terfly w. a broad white band across ea. wing. Lycaena phleeas, var. Cicindela formosa. to learn that this is f’d in y’r region; I am surprised I’ve never met w. it here. I think you will find the green Cicindela to be a variety of C. 6-guttata, I have some PS GOEL, | August 1892. specimens on which the punctures are very large so as to give the surface a very rough appearance. The Craspedosoma must be interest- ing, I have not yet found a sp’n in this country. The black Leptura is my Z. pudbera. ‘The Tipula found in ditches &c” is Ptychoptera clavipes of authors. The brown butterfly is my Hip- I received a mutil- lated specimen from Mr. Nuttall, but yours is in good order. I propose to figure it in my 3rd or 4th vol. (the marbling of the under sides of hind wing is much as in H. semele, but the dark lines are broader.) parchia semidea. The Leucospis is a small sp’n of my L. affinis. The Prince of Musignano will deliver you this letter if he goes so far as Sa- lem, if not he will put it in the Boston post office. Melandrya labiata Nob. DESCRIPTIONS OF OESTRID LARVAE TAKEN FROM THE JACK RABBIT AND COTTON-TAIL. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Our jack-rabbits and cotton-tails are frequently badly infested with bots, but the former are usually the worse in- fested. The jack-rabbit of this region is the Lepus callotis of Wagler; while, if lam not mistaken, our cotton-tail is the sage hare, Lepus artemisia of Bach- man (or possibly Z. dachmanit Waterh. ) Jack-rabbits are sometimes seen with immense, upshapely lumps on their Whether or not these are due to bots, I can not shoulders, sides or backs. LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. say positively, as I never succeeded in securing a rabbit in this condition. I have been told that when these lumps are cut open, they reveal simply a col- lection of sacs filled with a watery sub- stance, but without bots. It may seem strange to record that the jack-rabbit bot is a Dermatobia, while the bot of the cotton-tail is, as a rule a Cuterebra. Such, however, is While I have not observed any instance as yet of the Cuterebra in- the case. = yh. o weet: August 1892. | festing the jack-rabbit, | have on sev- eral occasions taken small Dermatobia larvae from cotton-tails. On October 10, 1891, nine cotton- tails were shot at Joblin’s ranch, in the San Andres Mts. Seven bots were taken from beneath the skins of these. Two, and even three, were found in Each cyst communicated with the outside by an orifice through the skin. The _ bots were found on the back, belly and the same cyst or ‘¢warble.”’ shoulders. They are more shortened in form than those taken from the jack- rabbit, and become of a brown instead of a gray tinge after immersion for some time in alcohol. The following is a description of them: Larva of Cuterebra sp. from Lepus arte- mista (?)—Elongate oval, thick, broader be- hind than in front, dorsal surface convex in profile, ventral rather concave; first and eleventh segments appearing nearly equal in width when the latter is extruded, but the eleventh appears smaller when sunken; seg- ments gradually increasing in width from first to seventh, the seventh segment widest, remaining segments decreasing in width pos- teriorly; tenth segment telescopic, some- times protruded when the eleventh becomes more clearly outlined. All the segments, ex- cept the first and eleventh, densely and equally covered, both above and below, with short horny spurs, not spiny, the first seg- ment less bare than the eleventh. One pair fof small, straight, approximated black jaws; antennae rather removed basally, approxi- mated distally meeting the jaws, each anten- na with two small ocellus-like dots on upper oo in one specimen the antennae are horny and black so that the dots do not show; jaws and antennae sunk in a crescent-like or semicircular transverse cavity in the first or SL CLE: 299 cephalic segment, the first segment with a median notch in its upper anterior margin. Anterior (or superior) stigmatal plate of last segment sub-circular, more or less complete- ly bifid longitudinally, situated in an a cres- centic transverse furrow or cavity, the furrow appearing long crescentic when the tenth segment is extruded, but short and hardly crescentic when not extruded ; posterior (orin- ferior) plate situated in an elongate transverse pit, the margin of the segment below pit bearing a median notch and a slight lateral one oneach side. Length, 18 to 20 mm.; De- scribed from two specimens collected Oct. 10. San Andres Mts., New Mexico. On October 10, a jack-rabbit was shot near Joblin’s ranch, San Andres Mts., from beneath the skin of which six bots were taken, mostly on the back and about the root of the tail. They are elongate, and whitish. Each one lay in its cyst or ‘*warble’’ The following is a description of them: width of 7th segment, g to 9.75 mm. rather Larva of Dermatobia sp. from Lepus callotis.—Elongate conical anteriorly, taper- ing posteriorly, not stout and thick, broader in front than behind, dorsal surface convex in profile, ventral concave; first segment small, much smaller than eleventh ; segments gradually increasing in width from first to sixth, the sixth segment widest, remaining segments decreasing in width posteriorly; eleventh strongly extruded, joining the tenth by a constricted neck, more or less spherical rather truncate posteriorly. Segments after the first sparsely covered with short black curved spines, showing most plainly recur- vate on last segment, which is nearly or quite bare on posterior surface. One pair of very small, rather removed, straight black jaws, situated in a crescentic transverse slit; antennae approximated, ocellus-like dots not visible, a pit in the first segment above and behind the antennae. Stigmatal plates 300 on last segment consisting of four horny, reddish-brown, more or less curved, trans- versely corrugated ridges on each side, a small pit just above and between them; a swelling or prominence below them which is bounded inferiorly by a crescentic transverse furrow, the margin of the segment below furrow being more or less strongly notched. Length, 19 to 22 mm.; width of 6th segment, 5 to 6.5 mm. Described from five specimens perhaps not fully grown, collected Oct. 10, San Andres Mts., New Mexico. ens OHEIOED [ August 1892. This bot must occasionally continue all winter in the animals, as small ones, apparently this species, were taken from cotton-tails shot Oct 24 and 29. On Oct. 14, a jack-rabbit was shot which had a small sac beneath the skin, apparently bots. Closer examination revealed only re- mains of small bots, which had died from some cause. containing young DoHRN AND BURMEISTER. Two Nestors of entomology have recently passed away within two days of each other, born in the first and dying in the last decade of the century. Dr. C. A. Dohrn was born in 1806 and Dr. Hermann Burmeister in 1807 ; the former died May 4, the latter May 2 last. Dohrn was especially known as a coleopterist and as the head and front of the Entomological society of Stettin, Germany. Burmeister oc- cupied many fields, not only in entomology, but in general zoology, in geology and espec- ially in paleontology during the past 30 years, since his appointment to the direc- torship of the National museum of Buenos Aires. buried at the cost of the state and the President of the republic was present at his funeral. Dr. Carlos Berg another entomologist of distinction, long his assistant, succeeds him as director of the He was museum. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 13 May, 1892.—The 171st meeting was held at 156 Brattle St. Mr. S. H. Scudder was chosen chairman and Mr. A. P. Morse secretary pro tempore. Mr. A. B. Mayer was elected to active membership. Mr. S. H. Scudder called attention to a short discussion by Emery in the February Bulletin of the Société Vaudoise (v. 27, p. 258) on the origin of the ant fauna of Europe, a result of his studies of the ants found in Sicilian amber as compared with those of the amber of Samland and the existing fauna of Europe. The existing fauna he divides into three groups, a boreal, an Indian (those having Indo-Australian and South African affinities), and a cosmopolitan, and remarks regarding the first two that in passing from the north southward or from the present time to the amber epoch, the boreal group dimin- ishes and the Indian group increases in im- portance; the former is absent from the Sicilian amber and the latter in the existing Scandinavian fauna. He is of the opinion that an Indian fauna inhabited Europe in eocene time and that a new fauna, derived from the polar regions, advanced upon it, but was checked in its southward march by the sea which then crossed middle Europe, so that it never reached so far as Sicily although it left its impress on the fauna of the Baltic amber. Mr. Morse exhibited a specimen of that rarity, the male of Pelecztnus folycerator, taken by him at Provincetown, Mass., in September. He also showed two males of Coltas intertor collected at the summit of Kearsarge Mountain, near North Conway, N. H., July 2, 1891, and several specimens of Colias philodice showing variations in the discal spot on the upper surface of the fore wings; these, in one male, were almost en- tirely absent, and, in a white female, very large and triangular with the apex and longest sides directed outward. August 1892. } (Continued from page 288.) Hippiscus (H.) VARIEGATUS sp. nov. Similar in form and color to A. compactus but with the disk of the prothorax generally rather lighter and more often marked by a pallid decussate stripe, which is here found even in the Q; sculpture of the head not differing from that species, excepting that the ridges about the foveolae are if anything duller and that the frontal costa is slightly sulcate below the ocellus. Antennae luteous at base, beyond reddish fuscous. Prono- tum as in A. compactus but with the hind margin more obtusely angled, and the carina of the prozona independently though feebly arcuate. Tegmina cinereous or hoary, becom- ing semipellucid apically, with markings much as in H. compactus, but less regular, more maculate, more oblique, the central spot usually very broad, the marginal field much more numerously spotted, and the spots of the axillary area generally more distinct, be- ing deeper and more sharply defined; the tegmina are relatively longer. Wings also relatively longer and narrower, but with mark- ings precisely as in the preceding species, ex- cepting that the basal color is variable (as indeed it may be there), varying from a pallid tint through pale lemon yellow to saffron and coral red, the last in a single example. Hind femora bright yellow within, thrice heavily banded transversely with black, dull clay yellow without, very obliquely banded with blackish or fuscous; hind tibiae yellow with an orange tinge sometimes infuscated a little just beyond a broad clear basal belt; spines black tipped. Length of body, g, 28 mm., 2,37 mm.; of tegmina, g, 28 mm., 2, 35.5 mm. I have seen specimens from Penn- sylvania (Schaum coll.), Maryland BSTCHE., 30 (Uhler, Bruner), Washington, D. C. (Bruner), and Georgia (Morrison), in the east, and Indiana (H. Edwards), southern Illinois (Kennicott), and To- peka, Kansas, collected by (Bruner), in the west. Cragin Mr. Bruner also tells me that he has specimens from Virginia, Decatur, Ala., Chattanooga, Tenn., and Mississippi, in the south, and from Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, and eastern Nebraska, in the north. Described from 13-4.,, 8) 2,, part of them from Mr. Henshaw’s collection. Hipriscus (H.) SuTURALIS sp. nov. Hip piscus rugosus McNeill!, Psyche, 6, 63. One of the smallest species of the genus, with somewhat compressed body, expanding but slightly on the metazona, of the same tone of color and general appearance as the three preceding species. Head dusky above, obscure olivaceous below, the summit nearly smooth with a nearly circular, very shallow and smooth, feebly quadripartite scutellum ; lateral foveolae small, shallow, triangular, a little elongated; frontal costa feebly convex but depressed at and immediately below the ocellus, at its upper extremity very feebly bifoveolate. Antennae dull testaceous at base, blackish fuscous apically. Pronotum much as in A. compactus, but the angle of the posterior margin distinctly obtuse. Tegmina with the darker blackish fuscous markings predominating on the basal half, so that before the great central quadrate dark spot which includes the triangular base of the outer discoidal area, there are but two pairs of small quadrate cinereous spots be- neath each other in the marginal and inner discoidal fields; the apical portion of the marginal field is blackish fuscous and in the 302 outer discoidal field, the base of which is mostly pellucid, there is a single slender, transverse belt of fuscous above the apex of the ulnar fork and beyond it scattered fuscous cellular spots; the axillary area is wholly blackish fuscous, and the sutural stripe yel- low, bright, distinct, and not very narrow. Wings pallid at base with a very broad black- ish fuscous arcuate band which strikes the margin below the third lobe and narrows slowly toward the anal angle which it scarcely reaches; above it does not narrow and is separated from the humeral stripe, which runs only half way to the base, by a slender pallid line; apically the wing is pellucid, but in the male a little clouded at the margin and with blackish cross veins. Hind femora pale yel- low within, the base and two broad transverse stripes black, dirty yellow externally with oblique black stripes on the upper half; hind tibiae pale dull yellow with a dull orange tinge apically, more or less infuscated on the middle of the outer side, the tips of the spines black. Length of body, 27 mm.; of elytra, 26 mm. Moline, Ill., J. McNeill. Described from 1 @. It bears a striking resem- blance to H/. (X.) zeglectus, but is not the species mistaken for that form by Thomas. Hippiscus (H.) OcCELOTE. Ocedipoda (Hippiscus) ocelote Sauss., Rev. mag. zool., 1861, 398-399; Orth. nova Amer., 2, 29-30. Hippiscus ocelote Thom., Syn. Acrid. N. A., 200-201; Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 84-85; Addit. prodr. Oedip., 26-27. This Mexican species is unknown to me, but from Saussure’s excellent de- scription and tables evidently belongs in the series near where I have placed it. Vecoyy KEN a |i Be [August 1892. It is found, according to Saussure, both in the warmer and cooler zones at Cor- dova and Guanajuato. Hippiscus (H.) saussurEI. Oedipoda haldemannii Thom., Rep. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 5, 456; 6, 720-721. Oedipoda haldemantt Thoin., Syn. Acrid. New Awe IeO-0e2) Hip piscus Oedip., 85-86. Not Oed¢poda haldemanii Scudd. haldmannt Sauss., Prodr. Considering the insufficiency of my description of Oe. haldemanzz it is not surprising that both Thomas and de Saussure should have mistaken another species for it; having still the types of that species in my possession, I am able to determine accurately what it is. In the present species the pantherine mark- ings of the tegmina are much obscured (though still evident) by the great ir- regularity of the margins of the fuscous spots and their general blurring. All of my specimens of the present species come from Texas, from Dallas and San Antonio. Specimens in the collection of Mr. Samuel Henshaw are also from Texas, collected by Schaupp. Bruner sends me specimens from San Antonio, Tex., collected by Newell, and Saussure’s specimens come also Texas; but besides Texas, gives New Mexico, Kansas, Ne- braska, Colorado, Wyoming, and Da- kota; very likely he has confounded other species with this, and that its true home is in and about Texas only. from Thomas, ae August 1892. ] Hippiscus (H.) TUBERCULATUS. Acridium tuberculatum Pal. de Beauv., iins:, ©45,)pl. 4, fig. 1. Hippiscus tuberculatus Sauss., Oedip., 87-88; Addit. prodr. Oedip., 2 Locusta apiculata Say, Mss.; Harr!, ins. Mass., 56. -Oedipoda obliterata Germ!, Burm., Handb. ent., 2, 643. Locusta corallina Harr!, Rep. ins. inj. veg., 3d ed., 176. Oedipoda phoenicoptera Scudd}, journ. nat. hist., 7, 468-469; Walk., Cat. Werme salt. Brit. mus., 730; Lhom., Rep. Pees. seol. surv. terr., 6,.720;;Syn. Acrid. INGA, 135-130; Key Ill. Orth., 3; Rep. U. 5. survy. 1ooth mer., 5, 879; Glov., Ill. N. A. ent., Orth., pl. 5, fig. 4 Hippiscus phoenicopterus Scudd!, Rep. eeol. N. Hampsh., 1, 377; Rep. Brit. N. A. bound. comm., 344; Thom., Bull. Ill. mus., i66> Bull. U. S. geol..surv. terr., 4, 483; Rep. ent. Ill., 9, 95, 117, fig. 18. Oedipoda pulchripennis Blanch!, Mss. Not Oedipoda phoenicoptera Germ. Prodr. Cats I have seen the type of Oe. oblzterata in the Halle Museum or what may be regarded as the same, a ¢@ from South Carolina, Zimmermann, labelled ‘‘oblit- _ erata” in Burmeister’s handwriting. I ~ have also seen in the Jardin des Plantes a specimen marked as Blanchard’s Oe. _ pulchripennis Ms. As stated above, under H. phoentcopterus, 1 have also seen the type of that species at the ~ Halle Museum, and have been able to correct my former error regarding this } _ Species. A pair of specimens of /. | i together with one of a dis- tinct genus were seen by me in the _ Hunterian Museum at Glasgow marked fe SCE; Bost. 303 Gr. obscurus Fabr. which is D¢ssos- tetra saucta, an Old World species. This is a northern species, common in the spring in all the northern states and throughout Canada as far north as the arctic region. I have seen many specimens from the upper McKenzie, and Great Slave Lake, Kennicott, and others collected by Rich- collected by ardson’s party are in the British Mu- seum which also reports it from Hudson Bay. North of our found from Nova Scotia (Jones) on the east to the Red River of the North (Scudder, and Alberta (Bean in Henshaw’s collection), boundaries it is Dawson), Calgarry, and in our own country occurs as far west as Dakota and Montana (Thomas) the Big Horn Mountains and Ft. Mc- Kinney in Wyoming and the Black Hills of S. Dakota (Bruner in litt.), and is stated to be found on the west coast of North America by Walker ; if so, this is probably north of our boun- dary. In the United States it is found in the east as far south as the middle states,—Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia (Walker, Os- ten Sacken, Coll. Am. ent. soc.) in some abundance, and is re- ported also from South Carolina (Zim- mermann) Florida (Saussure, Walker), where it must be rare; and in the west, in Missouri and at Topeka, Kansas (Bruner in litt.), in Nebraska (Thomas), Lincoln, all Ne- braska and Holt County and other parts of the Sand Hill region north of Platte River, Nebr. (Bruner in litt.) , Missouri (Saussure, Austin), Colorado Bruner, and eastern and 304 (Thomas), while Walker specimen, perhaps by error, from Oaja- reports a ca, Mexico. There is much variety in the mark- ings of this species, so that I have been inclined at times to separate several dis- tinct forms. Specimens from Nepigon, north of Lake Superior, for instance, are very dark, while those from Ne- braska not only have the outer half or even more of the tegmina hoary pallid, seen to a certain extent also in some but not all specimens from Manitoba, but the pale vitta which separates the hum- eral and axillary areas of the hind wings involves not only the anal vein but also, at least in the outer half of the wing, the posterior ulnar vein and the attin- gent cross veins as well, considerably broadening the vitta. The arcuate dark band of the wings is of variable width ; usually broad and involving the pos- terior margin, it sometimes is very nar- row and in both cases may not reach the posterior margin, .and in one @ from Manitoba there is no trace of a band on the anal area but only a nearly uniform infuscation of the wing beyond the colored base. The depth and ex- tent of the darker markings of the teg- mina, as well as the amount of contrast with the paler portions are also ex- tremely variable, giving these organs a very different appearance in different individuals; but in no case do they strongly resemble any other species, so that this species may readily be distin- guished from them in the almost total, usually total, absence of any maculation ES GILL. [August 1892. in the ulnar area of the tegmina, or indeed often of the basal discoidal field. Speci- mens from east of Long. go°, too, usually have the extreme tips of the wings dis- tinctly and deeply infuscated, especially in the ¢, and those west of it scarcely ever show any sign of it, but exceptional instances occur. I append a description of the colors of living females taken in Massachu- setts :— Prevailing color a light ashy plumbeous, slightly darker above, specked with dark plumbeous, tinged slightly beneath with reddish. Head uniform; mouth parts uni- form and tinted like under surface of body. Eyes dark brown, specked with yellowish and with a narrow slightly curved transverse median streak of yellowish brown, turning upward posteriorly. Antennae dirty yellow- ish at the base, beyond of the color of the head. Pronotum with a longitudinal dark brown streak with indistinct edges along the middle of the lateral lobes, and from the middle of this a descending vertical streak scarcely paler than the ground; posterior edge of pronotum a yellowish brown of the color of box wood. Tegmina of the body color blotched with fuscous and black, and with the axillary fold yellowish brown. Wings coral red at base, the arcuate band fuscous deepening to black, the humeral line pale yellow and the apex nearly hyaline. Legs of the body color, the inside of the hind femora having the basal half a prussian blue, the distal half very dull lemon yellow with a transverse streak of deep {blue at one third the distance from the middle; hind tibiae dull lemon yellow, hind tarsi tinged with reddish. Abdomen above tinged on the first three segments with reddish brown, espec- ially toward apex; ovipositor of the color of the body when not black. ae August 1892. ] V ASW EY 2 WD 305 THE NORTH AMERICAN JASSIDAE ALLIED TO THAMNOTETTIX. BY E. No attempt has yet been made accu- rately to place the North American species of Jassidae allied to Thamno- tettix and Athysanus. In the present paper I propose to do this for the more common of our described forms. The English and continental ento- mologists by no means agree in their use of such generic terms as Cicadula, Thamnotettix, Limotettix and Athy- sanus, but Fieber’s system, adopted by Puton, is most widely used on the continent. This restricts Cicadula to those species in which the outer branch of the first sector of the elytra is obso- lete or nearly so, thus leaving two anti- apical areoles instead of three, as in Thamnotettix. The old rule of placing the first species described under the older genera as their type is thus dis- regarded here, but it seems to me justi- fiably so, as Zetterstedt’s first species of Cicadula (quadrinotata) properly be- longs to his preceding genus, Thamno- tettix. As stated by*Mr. C. W. Woodworth (Psyche, v. 5, p. 75, 1888) Sahlberg in his ‘* Cicadariae” (1871), unwar- rentably places Cicadula in the Typhlo- cybini, substituting it for Fieber’s genus Kybos. Then he erected his genus Limotettix (not Limnotettix as errone- ously written by Mr. Woodworth), and placed in it a selection from several of the genera as arranged by Fieber, among P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y. which may be found most of the species of Cicadula as listed in M. Puton’s latest catalogue. We cannot accept Mr. James Edwards’ disposition of these genera as published in his ‘¢ Synopsis of the > nor Mr. Wood- worth’s limitation of the genus Cicadula British Homoptera,’ without discarding our present artificial arrangement of this group of the Jas- sidae for one still more artificial. Probably most of the genera men- tioned below, viz., Cicadula, Limotettix, Chlorotettix, Thamnotettix, Eutettix and Athysanus might be considered as sub- genera of but one, or possibly two, generic groups represented by Thamno- tettix and Athysanus. tainly unsatisfactory in their characters and quite artificial, as M. Lethierry says of Cicadula, ‘‘Nous croyons devoir accepter le genre non comme un They are cer- genre naturel . mais comme un genre artificiel, destinér A faciliter la connais- sance et l’étude des espéces.” But where large groups of species are as poor in structural characters as are the Jassidae we must form our genera so as to lighten the labor of the student as much as possible. Cicadula as above restricted includes in our fauna three described species, sexnotata, variata and punctifrons of Fallen, all common to Europe and America, and a few forms still unde- 306 scribed. Here the head is broad and rounded before, as in Limotettix, the front is rather narrow, the sides of the pronotum are of moderate length and without a carina, and the elytra are long with a well developed appendix. In Thamnotettix, as here accepted, the head is broad, obtusely angled or rounded before, front narrow, sides of pronotum rather long and carinated ; outer branch of the first sector of the elytra evident ; appendix well developed. In the twelve following species the sides of the pronetum are of moderate length, with a slender carina more or less distinct and a little oblique, being a little depressed anteriorly to the outer corner of the eye: clitellarius Say. eburatus, V.) 2, *montanus V. D., belli Uhl., *semipullatus V. D., flavo- capitatus V. D., *gilletti V. D., gem- Inatusy ov.) De Stal, melanogaster Prov., kennicotti Uhl., coquelletti V. D. In a few species the sides of the pro- notum are shorter, sometimes much -shorter, with the carina obsolete or nearly so. Here belong: fitchii V. D., atropunctatus V. D., *smithi V. D., decipiens Proy., laetus Uhl., *longi- Seta Vi. D: Th. subaeneus V. WD. has the sides of the pronotum quite strongly carinated, and will be noticed below’ under Eutettix. In another group of allied species the head is still broader, well rounded be- fore and of almost equal length across its whole width, thus recalling Idio- fasciaticollis * The description of these species will soon appear. SCHL : [August 1892. cerus; the ocelli are plainly visible from above; the front is wide as in Limo- tettix, sides of the pronotum of mode- rate length and distinctly carinated; elytra long, with the appendix well developed, thin and subhyaline in tex- ture, with the nervures indistinct. This genus, for which I propose the name CHLOROTETTIX, includes insects larger than we find in the other groups here noticed, of a uniform green color of some shade, occasionally tinged with fulvous or marked with black on the tergum. Aythoscopus unicolor Fitch may be taken as the type with which may be placed Bythoscopus tergatus Fitch and the C. vér¢dzus and C. gal- banatus described below, and also two or three species as yet undescribed. Dr. Fitch’s two placed by Mr. Uhler in Grypotes, but they want the incurved clypeus char- acteristic of that genus, and in neura- tion they approach Thamnotettix and Limotettix, between which they may be placed. Limotettix I have used for a group of which three North American species are known to me: striola Fall., paral- lelus V. D. and Cicadula exitiosa Uhl. The first of these, s¢t7zo/a, seems to have been intended by Sahlberg as the type of his genus, parallelus is closely allied to striola, but the position of exz¢zosa@ 1s doubtful, and it may not belong here at all. These agree in form very nearly with Chlorotettix, but the sides of the pronotum are short and terete and the insects are smaller, more slender, and with more pigmentation. species have been August 1892. | Another group, for which I propose the name EuTETTIX, is intermediate in its characters between Thamnotettix and Athysanus. In form the species resemble Phlepsius, being broader and stouter than in Thamnotettix. rounded anteriorly, and more of less The vertex is transversely impressed behind the apex ; the front is nearly as wide as in Athy- sanus; the elytra are proportionately shorter than in Thamnotettix, and mod- erately valvated at the apex, with but one transverse nervure between the first The sides of the pronotum are shorter than in Thamno- tettix and ecarinate. The type of this genus is Thammno- tetizx lurtda V.D. (Can. ent., v. 22, p. 250, 1890.) Fassus seminudus Say and F. jucundus Uhl. seem to belong here, but the latter has the head more pro- duced and tumid without the transverse impression on the vertex. All these _ species recall the genus Phlepsius very strongly, but there the sides of the pro- notum are always carinated and the elytral areoles are more distinctly in- scribed with brown pigment lines. Thamnotettix subaenea Van Duzee bears a decided resemblance to lurida, but the sides of the pronotum are strongly carinated and the elytral char- acters are those of Thamnotettix, in which genus it should undoubtedly be _ retained notwithstanding the difference in the form of the vertex and its general ‘resemblance to lurida. In the genus Athysanus I have placed the species ageeing with obsoletus _ Kirschb., which I have considered our and second sectors. FISY CILE. 307 In these the head is about as wide as the pronotum, but moderately produced before with the anterior edge the apex Elytra broad scarcely longer most typical species. rounded and obtuse. than the abdomen, or more frequently shorter, broad and usually truncated at apex, the apical areoles short and the appendix narrow or wanting ; first sector connected with the second by but one transverse nervure ; sides of the pronotum short, but feebly carinated. Here belong obsoletus Kirschb., plutonius Uhl. and The fol- lowing species are smaller, with the head more produced and conical, the sides of the pronotum longer and with- out a carina: curtisii Fitch, V. D. and obtutus V. D. Near Athysanus comes a form widely distributed in this country, with narrow, pointed elytra for which I have estab- lished the following genus: comma V. D. of our fauna. bicolor ACINOPTERUS n. g. c=) General appearance of Allygus, but with the elytra strongly narrowed posteriorly, and the tip acute. Head narrower than the pronotum, rounded, or somewhat produced before, with the apex subacute, hind edge broadly con- cave. Vertex rather short, sloping, convex or more or less impressed behind the apex, surface punctured, the anterior submargin obscurely transversely rugose, passage to the front rounded. Front rather broad, at the base slightly encroaching upon the apex of the vertex, suddenly narrowed at tip, Clypeus much widened apically. Lorae large. Cheeks wide. Pronotum broad and rather short, anterior edge broadly arcuate, posterior nearly straight; sides long, oblique, cari- 308 nated; lateral angles prominent, latero-pos- terior rounded. Scutellum rather small. Elytra narrow, lanceolate at apex, the tip acute, appendix wanting; sutural edge straight to the extreme tip; costal and apical margins continuous; apical areoles five, inner small, oblique, second largest, reach- ing the extreme tip; third and fourth small; fifth, or stigmatal, long and usually crossed by one or two transverse veinlets; first and second sectors united by but one transverse nervure, but there are usually three or ‘four connecting the outer claval nervure with the claval suture; all the nervures strong; costa feebly convex. Supernumerary cell of the wings present. Otherwise as in Athy- sanus and Allygus. ACINOPTERUS ACUMINATUS n. Sp. Fulvous-brown tinged with dull green or yellowish, elytral nervures pale, Length 5-63 mm. Head pale. Front with about eight brown ares, more or less distinct. Pronotum feebly calloused on the anterior margin, with a few shallow impressions arranged parallel to the edge, more obvious in the males; lateral margin as long as the _ latero-posterior, acutely carinated; disc posteriorly obscurely wrinkled. Basal angles of the scutellum witha brownish triangular spot more or less apparent. Pectoral pieces usually more or less invaded with blackish, sometimes pale and immaculate. Legs pale, or suffused with sanguineous. Abdomen pale, frequently black above, excepting the broad lateral margins; infuscated on the basal and apical segments of the venter in the females; slightly suffused witha pale median line in the males. Elytra pale fulvous, frequently whitish hyaline on the disc of the costal and some of the discal areoles of the corium, and on the inner margin of the clavus, the ex- treme apex clouded with smoky or even blackish; nervures pale, edged with brown- ish, the marginal with a fuscous interruption at tip; claval suture brown. Wings smoky, brown- margined, PSTVCHE. {August 1892. iridescent, mervures fuscous. Genitalia: Male: Valve wanting. Plates long and narrow, a little longer than the last ventral segment, about one-third wider at base than at their obtusely lanceolate, divergent tips. Pygofers twice the length of the plates, nar- rowed and obtusely pointed at apex armed beyond the plates with numerous stout spines. Female: Last ventral segment rather long, hind edge witha shallow median notch, either side of which is a broadly rounded lobe, retreating at the outer angles. Pygofers rather broad, their subacute apex moderately exceeded by the oviduct. Described from5 ¢,39. Maryland, Sept. 29th and Aug. 4th on pines (Uhler). N. Carolina (Osborn). New Jersey (Uhler). Mountains of N. W. Colorado (Gillette). California (Co- quillett). : In a male from California the lower surface of the femora are black. A fe- male from N. Carolina has the disc of the elytra white-primrose, and all the specimens exhibit considerable varia- tion in the extent of the black markings. The following species of Chlorotettix are represented in my collection: 1. CHIOROTETTIX UNICOLOR Fitch! Vertex 24 timas as broad as long, but little longer at the middle than next the eye; an- terior margin very obtusely rounded. Front a little longer than broad, width at apex one- third that at the antennae. Cheeks narrow but feebly angled below the eye, forming a very narrow margin beyond the lorae. Cly- peus almost rectangular. Genitalia: Male: Valve short and broad, apical margin round- — ed. Plates broad, sides a little concave, apices moderately produced, subacute, slight-_ ly divergent, with a few scattering. spines © on the margin. Female: Last ventral segment August 1892. | with a rather broad shallow, subacute, notch; the edge of the thin lobe on either side, more or less sinuated or even notched. Pygofers surpassing the apex of the oviduct. Length 74 mm. This insect seems to be common throughout the northern and _ eastern States and Canada. 2. CHLOROTETTIX TERGATUS FITCH. Character of the head same as those of the preceding species. Genitalia: Male: Valve broad triangular, apex obtuse. Plates large, broad, covering the pygofers, their sides very slightly sinuated, their tips broad and obtuse, -a little inflexed and overlapping, submargin armed with a row of short spines, margin sparcely fringed with soft white hairs. Pyg- ofers produced superiorly in a prominent angle, and below in acurved bill-hook shaped appendage enclosing the styles. Female: Last ventral segment broad, outer angles rounded, apex truncated with a lanceolate notch reaching over half way to the base; pygofers equalling in length the stout ovi- duct. Length 7 mm. This species appears to be coexten- sive in range with the preceding than which it is less abundant, at least in western New York. It frequents damp meadows and pastures where Carex and other marsh grasses abound. 3- CHLOROTETTIX VIRIDIUS N. Sp. Form of C. unzcolorand tergatus. Smaller, apple-green suffused with yellow on the connexivum, or yellowish green in alcoholic specimens. Length 6-7 mm. Front broad and convex, sutures curved outward a little below the antennae; clypeus broad, almost rectangular; cheeks unusually broad, prominently angled below the eyes, margin beyond the lorae narrow. Genitalia: BSTC HE. 309 Male: Valve broad and short, resembling somewhat in form the ultimate ventral segment than which it is a little shorter, apical margin gently arcuate. Plates nearly rectangular, transverse, hardly longer than the ultimate ventral segment, slightly pro- duced at their distal angles, outer angles rounded, margin with afew short spines and soft hairs. Pygofers lingulate, about twice as long as the valve, whitish hyaline and thin in texture. Female: Last ventral segment broadly excavated from the prominent lateral angles nearly to the base on the median line, the sides of this incisure, at about its middle, interrupted by a short, obtuse, black- ish tooth. Pygofers slightly exceeding the stout oviduct. Color apple-green; connexivum and some- times the edge of the dorsal segments washed with yellow; rostrum, base of the antennae, tarsi, spines of the posterior tibiae and the oviduct, soiled white or even fulvous. Elytra vitreous, slightly tinged with fulvous in the male, or green in the female; nervures green- ish. Wings white, iridescent, nervures con- colorous. Eyes dark brown. Described from six examples collected near, New York City by Mr. E. B. Southwick, in July; one female taken at New Brunswick, N. J., July 2oth, by Prof. J. B. Smith, and numerous speci: mens received from Mr. Howard Evarts Weed, taken in Mississippi. This interesting species may be dis- tinguished from C. wzzcolor and ter- gatus, its nearest allies, by its smaller size, dark green color and the form of the genitalia, which differ widely from those of any other species known to me. Apparently it is very abundant in the southern states where it replaces C. wnicolor and tergatus of our northern fauna. 310 4. CHLOROTETTIX GALBANATUS N. Sp. Form of C. uxzicolor but smaller, with a longer vertex. Length 6 mm. Female. Head scarcely wider than the pronotum. Vertex longer than in unicolor and obtusely pointed before, closely and coarsely punctured. Front lenger and nar- rower and the apex proportionately broader than in unicolor. Cheeks obtusely angled below the eye, the edge straight from the angle to the tip of the clypeus forming a narrow margin beyond the lorae. Clypeus broad, slightly widened apically. Pronotum longer than in unicolor; margin more convex before and more concave behind than in that “species. Last ventral segment with a rather broad lingulate incisure reaching nearly to its base and leaving a broadly rounded lobe on either side, the inner angles of which may be either rounded off or produced in a short tooth. Oviduct very slightly surpassing the pygofers. Color pale yellowish green, nearly uniform over the whole insect; elytra hyaline, costa green; tergum more or less embrowned, PST CLES. [August 1892. margins yellowish; wings white, nervures slender, pale brown; eyes, tip of the rostrum, and the claws blackish. Described from three examples re- ceived from Mr. E. B. Southwick and captured by him in the vicinity of New ~ York City in June and July; and one specimen taken by Mr. W. J. Palmer, Jr., of this city, on Mt. Balsam, near Asheville, N. C., in July, 1889. The latter has the notch in the last ventral segment scarcely deeper than wide and the outer angles more prominent than in the New York examples. This spe- cies differs from its congeners by its produced, almost angular vertex and in this respect is not characteristic of the genus in which I have placed it. In the form of the last ventral segment it approaches tergatus. The male is still unknown to me. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScupDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 et. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. ADVERTISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or for cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts ofthe U.S. Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. t5 Street, N. Y. City. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico af evo ~ JOURNAL OF’ BNTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 197. SEPTEMBER, 1892. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO BRAUER AND VON BERGENSTAMM’S VORARBEITEN ZU EINER MONOGRAPHIE DER MUSCARIA SCHIZOMETOPA. —I. —C. H. Tyler Townsend 313 JoHN Witt RANDALL . ; ; : : : 2 ; : : : 316 THE OrRTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus.—lV.—Samuel H. Scudder. : : 317 NOTES ON SOME MyRMECOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA.—Hfenry Frederick Wickham ; a) ADDITIONAL NoTEs on BompByciD LARVAE.—Aarrison G. Dyar 323 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CamBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. 2o0c. {Entered as second ciass mail matter. ] 312 PS HEME. [September 1892. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. 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A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais ge pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ihe North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, I8go. 0 Hitchcock, Edward. tenneleey of New England. Boston, 1858 tg Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (cone taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield Ill., 1878 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- I.00 .50 1.50 1.00 sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proper for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. : 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The pine- nei of Nan tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Joes 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. : 5.00 Wiss apg Commission. Bulletins, Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 I.00 —Fourth oe Washington, 1385 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. ADVERTISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or icr cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts of the U. S._ Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. ts Street, N. Y. City. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, er for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. _ C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico iS OEE. ex TRODUCTION TO BRAUER AND VON BERGENSTAMM’S VORARBEITEN ZU EINER MONOGRAPHIE DER MUSCARIA SCHIZOMETOPA.—I. BYWG., [The following translation of the in- troductory remarks and generalizations to be found in part i of Brauer and vy. Bergenstamm’s work on ‘Tachinidae, etc., was sent me some time ago by Professor J. M. Aldrich, of Brookings, “South Dakota. The translation was made in the rough by him, and at his suggestion I have revised it for publica- tion. The original suggestion to pub- lish it was my own. Its appearance in English will, I believe, be of advan- tage to American students, since a growing attention is now being directed to this family of Diptera in-this country. The introduction contains many gener- _alizations and valuable ideas not known outside of special workers in this fam- ily, and gives an insight into the meth- ods of work employed by its authors, which is not devoid of interest even to those who may not accept in full the plan of their work as carried out. I do not wish to be understood as ‘sanctioning the views here exposed. The portion treating of head-characters, other characters, etc., which comprises nearly the whole and , is merely descriptive, is excellent. I ‘Agree with the authors on what is said ‘tegarding the necessity of relationships, =" smaller eee ST) TYLER TOWNSEND. groups (at least more restricted genera) in the Muscidae, but I do not sanction the extreme to which they have pur- sued thisplan. Finally, I can not agree with what is said favoring the aban- donment of generic names long in use. | It is a fundamental principle in the development of the whole Dipterous stock that, from the lowest ( Orthor- rhapha nematocera) to the most dif- highest (Cyclorrapha schizometopa), the actual value of the genus, and of the systematic series gen- This seems applicable to all ferentiated or erally, becomes less and _ less. proposition groups of animals,—in all cases the most recent forms are more closely re- lated and more difficult to characterize than older ones. For example, this is the case in the land-snails, as compared with The cause lies in the numerous intermediate sea-snails and mussels. forms occurring in a group of animals which has just reached its period of greatest prolificness. But in particular cases this state- ment may not be true, for there are in- deed single branches of the older groups which have only at the present time reached the stage of multiform develop- ment. With this limitation, it is true 314 that the related groups of the Orthor- rapha, and even the Cyclorrapha of older origin, as the Syrphidae, are much more sharply separated from each other, and easier to establish by definite characters, than those of the Muscaria. The Muscaria schtzometopa, which, exclusive of the Anthomyidae, are here treated, have been repeatedly divided into differently related groups, but no author has been able to establish his groups upon characters which apply to all cases. In the description of genera almost every one has _ overstepped, either inadvertently or purposely, the set. The characters applied change in their con- limits he had_ previously bination with such complexity that it is almost impossible to discover one which continues constant through several or many genera, much less to discover a harmony of characters indicating a nat- ural After having labored long in vain to define the previously system. formed groups by constant characters, to the conclusion that our object can only be attained in another way,—by ignoring the previ- ously established groups of Tachinaria, Dexiaria, &c., and designating a much we have come larger number of smaller groups, or Within a small group it is possible to determine har- moniously combined characters for a series of several genera. related series. such How these groups are to be arranged with refer- ence to each other can, however, be settled only very impeifectly. We refer to this particularly, as it might other- wise be supposed that we wish in the sequence observed to indicate a serial BSHCHLE, {September 1892- To us the relations seem rather to extend in many directions from every group, and to allow no simple linear arrangement. relation. The question may arise, why we do not rather combine all the forms of a group into one genus with many sub- genera. On this question we take the ground occupied by almost all syste- In the first place, it is more intelligible to fix our stations by names than by numbers ; matic writers at the present day. second, our genera, with few excep- tions, show only plastic characters; third, we possess several species for almost every genus, which are distin- guished from each other by many sub- ordinate differences; and fourth, we would so treat the Muscaria, and so comprehend the value of genera, as to agree with what Rondani, the best re- viser of the group, has already done. Whoever begins to divide the genera Tachina, Dexia, &c., is compelled to continue the work until only those characters which are altogether subor- dinate remain for the species,—the ar- rangement of the macrochaetae, the form of the sexual organs of the male and female (not the typical develop- ment for a group, but lesser characters than these; for instance in Phaniidae), the color, hair, width of face, &c. If we adhere to the proposition that a genus comprises only a series of species, disunited from other series bya lack of connecting forms, then we must mark off a new genus whenever, among the slight subordinate differences of the various parts of the body, new charac- — ters are found, lacking in the previous J il ‘September 1892.] series and therefore giving rise toa new combination. Such characters are then important, if they constantly recur ina series in combination with others. Since a genus cannot be defined except as a natural series of related species, we refrain from entering into the distinc- tion of subgenera, groups of species, etc. We find better stopping-places for the limitation of families, and on this point we maintain the view which was set forth in the Journal of the Imperial academy of sciences (v. gt, i. 1885, p- 327), according to which ‘the known larval forms furnish important characters for separation into the _ groups known among insects as fami- lies and genera”, seldom for a higher category. The expression genus was there discarded, for two reasons: first, because many of our families are the genera of older authors, and second, because in genera in which the like or similar life habits of the larvae come in- to consideration among the characteris- tics, the larvae have acquired constant characters. If in more recent times, strange to Say, it is still disputed whether the classification should be based upon the mature insect or upon the entire devel- opment, we can quickly decide, since the former view ts contrary to all the Sundamental principles of the natural system. Whither views formed on such a basis lead, may be best seen in the new division of the Coleoptera into genuine and rhynchophorous. This comes from a misunderstanding of the value of characters derived from the earlier stages. The latter must, for Vet) 1B OW ig hI Oe 315 the higher categories (family, order, class, etc.), be considered of high importance; for genera and_ species the characters of the imago are always more important, because the larvae (with few exceptions) show far fewer distinguishing features, and by means of them one could only distinguish se- ries [not species]. Perfectly in harmony with this is the cgmmunication presented in the Records of the Imperial academy (math. nat. class, v. 47, p. 36)on the so- called family of Muscaria schizome- topa, where the non-existence of such a family was proved. The idea of many smaller groups was also suggested there. That the known larval forms cannot in this case prove the contrary, had been shown even earlier (Verh. k. k. zool.-- bot. ges., 1878, 161. See also Loew, DteEtkin. GMb. Zeit. LO45. Pa at2)k In conclusion we note particularly that it shall be our special task to es- tablish the most natural genera possi- ble, and in every case to attempt to re- duce former genera to this _ basis. Whoever thinks the genera too many is at liberty to consider them merely se- ries of species, for convenience given a definite name. Some of our groups are then to be considered as genera, while others may be subdivided. Since our characterization ofthe groups is based on essentially different points of structure from those of former authors, we are in a position to arrange in our system only those forms which we could examine and of which we possess the type specimens. Species, the descrip- tions of which do not mention the points that are important to us, must be laid 316 aside for the present, because their false arrangement would only cause more Farther on in our work we will express our confusion than already exists. JOHN WITT Dr. J. W. Randall who died at Rox- bury, Mass., 25 January 1892 is known to the present generation of entomolo- gists as the author of ‘two papers de- scfiptive of Coleoptera from Maine and Massachusetts published more than fifty years ago in the second volume of the Boston journal of natural history. John Witt Randall was born in Boston, 13 November 1813. His father Dr. John Randall was an eminent physician Elizabeth Wells was the granddaughter of Samuel Ele Harvard College in 1834. One of his classmates says: ‘the displayed a marked originality of char- of Boston and his mother Adams the revolutionary patriot. graduated from acter. Though among us, he was not wholly of us, but seemed to have thoughts, pursuits, and aspirations to His tastes developed in a scientific direction, en- tomology being the branch to whick he devoted himself. The college at that time did little to encourage such pur- which we were strangers. suits, but he pursued the even tenor of his way till he had made a very fine Dr. Randall studied medicine after his graduation. He was offered and accepted an appoint- ment in zoology connected with the Wilkes exploring expedition to the South Seas; owing however to the de- collection of insects.” PS Y CHE. {September 1892. views on the forms which have not been exaniined by us. Meanwhile we recom- mend that the possessors of types ex- amine them in the light of our system. RANDALL. lays which occurred before the expedi- tion sailed he resigned. Dr. Randall’s scientific papers are as follows: 1. Descriptions of new species of coleopterous insects inhabiting the state of Maine. 15305 V> 2,00. 15 Pp. I-23. 2. Descriptions of new species of Bost. journ. nat. hist., Feb. coleopterous insects inhabiting the state of Massachusetts. Bost. journ. nat. hist:,, Feb. 1838, v= 2, 00.10, ppn 34-528 (See Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist., jan 1875, V- 17, pp. 373-385. ° On the spe- cies of Coleoptera described by Mr. J. W. Randall, by P. S. Sprague with notes by E. P. Austin.) 3. Catalogue of the Crustacea brought by Thomas Nuttall and J. K. Townsend from the west coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands with descrip- tions of such species as are apparently new, among which are included several species of different localities previously existing in the collection of the Acad- emy. Journ. acad. nat. sci. Pie 1839, v. 8, pt. I, pp: 106-147, plaa-7 A volume on the animals and plants of Maine was prepared but not published. His volume of poems entitled Conso- lations of Solitude, Boston, 1856, 2d edition 1857, was commended by J. H. Abbott in the North American review. September, 1892. ] PST CE. 317 (Continued from page 304). STICTHIPPUS (orurés, immos) subgen. nov. Head closely resembling that of Hippiscus, with small but deep and conspicuous trian- gular lateral foveolae, and between their an- terior extremities a distinct, depressed, transversely biareolate field; frontal costa sulcate above, especially about the ocellus. Antennae rather slender, uniform through- out, about as long as head and pronotum togetherin the 2, less than twice as long as the pronotum in the @, apically tapering only on last joint or two. Pronotum with the dorsal field nearly flat with a slight median carina which is occasionally subob- solete on the posterior part of the metazona and normally cut only by the typical sulcus, but sometimes slightly cut by the anterior sulcus of the prozona and more or less inter- rupted behind it, in which case there is a distinct discal scutellum, the posterior sulcus _ of the prozona terminating in two forks, one at the lateral borders of the discal scutellum, the other by deeply cutting the lateral walls of that scutellum close to the median line; metazona distinctiy longer than the prozona, rectangulate or obtusangulate behind; sur- face scabrous, the lateral carinae obscure. Tegmina as in Hippiscus, with scattered maculations hardly pantherine. Wings with the whole outer border broadly infumate, _ subyvitreous apically so as to give the inner part the semblance of an arcuate band, and connecting with a broad humeral taenia which extends nearly to the base. in Hippiscus. Mesosternal lobes separated by a deeply truncate cuneiform median piece, the inner margins of the lobes being rapidly and widely divergent. Legs as This subgenus is closely allied to the other subgenera of Hippiscus,—Hippis- cus and Xanthippus. and to Leprus. It differs from all most strikingly in the form of the mesosternal lobes which lie at about the same distance apart as in the two first, to which it is certainly most nearly allied. From Leprus it also differs in the presence of a humeral It agrees better with Hippiscus than with Nanthippus in the structure of the antennae and of taenia on the wings. the median carina of the pronotum, although itself very variable, and from Hippiscus it may be separated also by the biareolate sunken fastigium between the lateral foveolae of the face. Hippiscus (S.) CALIFORNICUS sp. nov. A compact form of rather small size. Very dull brownish fuscous, with a slight yellow- ish tinge, faintly flecked or blotched with dusky spots and obscurely dotted with black, the head plump and full, dark on the upper third, the rest dull clay yellow and nearly free from dots; summit of head nearly smooth, with a few dull low minute verru- cosities, a faint median carina and the walls of the vertical fastigium dull but distinct; lateral foveolae small, deep; frontal costa moderately narrow, sub- equal, contracted very slightly at summit and again a little more distinctly beneath the ocellus, rather deeply sulcate especially below the ocellus. Antennae testaceous, infuscated in apical half, a little longer (g) or a little shorter (2) than head and prothorax to- gether. Pronotum stout, especially in the 2, the metazona very faintly tumid, its lateral carinae sharp anteriorly especially in the @ ; dorsal field of whole pronotum some- what minutely verrucose, many of the verru- triangular, rather 318 cosities longitudinal, rarely closely crowded ; lateral lobes minutely, closely, and uniformly verruculose on the metazona, nearly smooth on the prozona with a faint quadrate dusky spot. Tegmina ashen, becoming subvitreous apically, heavily blotched with larger and rounded spots, mostly congregated into basal, median, and postmedian blotches, the apical third with a few smaller indistinct cloudy spots; sutural stripe clear and rufous tinge; anal vein free, Wings very pale at base with a slight citron tinge, beyond which the nervules are all black, with a broad arcu- ° smaller brownish fuscous generally with a ate brownish fuscous or nebulous band, nar- rowing toward the anal margin, connecting with the humeral stripe which is broad and reaches almost to the base, the apex more or less infumate, and below the humeral region often wholly, generally in part, coalescing with the arcuate band. Hind femora dull clay yellow with a transverse basal band and strongly oblique, rather broad, blackish fus- cous median and postmedian bands; hind tibiae and tarsi pale coral red, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, the spines black tipped. Length of body, g@, 26 mm.; 9, 34-36 mm.; of tegmina, g, 26 mm.; 2, 27-30 mm. Gilroy, Santa Clara Co., California ; collected by G. R. Crotch. LST CHE [September 1892. Described from one @, twelve Q Hipriscus (S.) MARMORATUS sp. nov. I have separated from the other central Californian species of Sticthippus two females - which are certainly very closely allied to it but differ in several particulars which seem to warrant it. In particular the maculations of the tegmina are much more broken up into small spots which though more or less distinctly grouped into three large bands are not so to the same extent and the minor dots are by no means so confused therein, and are also continued with almost equal or equal sharpness to the tip of the tegmina; besides, the anal vein in passing to the margin is more or less entangled and interlocked with the axillary vein; the apical area of the Wings, except for the infuscated veins, is hardly clouded but carries at the extreme tip some blackish fuscous maculations. The hind tibiae are clay yellow. The wings appear to be relatively longer and narrower than in 77. (\S.) californicus. Length of body, 30 mm.; tegmina, 29 mm. Monterey, Monterey Co., California. Described from 2 @ received from Mr. Henry Edwards. Subgenus XANTHIPPUS. Hippriscus (X.) CORALLIPES. Oedipoda corallipes Hald., Stansb. expl. Utah, 371, pl. 10, fig. 2; Tayl., Rep. Smiths. inst., 1858.206; Thom., Proc. acad. nat. sc. Philad., 1870,79; Rep. U.S. geol. surv. Wyo., 2474; Rep. Ul. S.-geol. surv. tern., 5,456-457 ; 631/720-7215) Syneeacnid. IN. es 120s Rep. 1. S. surv. tooth mer., 5,879. ee Hippiscus corallipes Scudd!, Bull. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 2,264; Rep. U.S. eng., 1876, 509; Rep. U.S. ent. comm, 2) app. 2.) 26. Thom., Bull) Til? mus 1,655) Rep. ent. Ulm 9,95, 115-116. Xanthippus Oedip., go. corallipes Sauss., Prodr. Generally the band of the hind wings September 1S8o2. | in this striking and well known species is broad,—more than twice as broad as the interspaces between the rays in the anal area, but occasionally individuals occur in which it is considerably nar- rower than that, resembling rather the prevalent condition in /7. (.Y.) pardad- zzus from which its shorter metazona separates it. I have seen specimens from Dakota (collected by S. M. Rothhammer dur- ing explorations” under Gen. Sully), salt Lake, Utah, June 9 (A. S. Pack- aid), Platte River (F. V. Hayden), Barbour Co., Kans., collected by Cra- gin (Bruner), the South Platte coun- try of Nebraska in the eastern half of tne state (Bruner in litt.), Boulder, Colo.,° June 9, Colorado at an eleva- tion of 5500! (Packard), between Lakin, Kansas, and Pueblo, Colo., from 3000! to 4500’, July 8-9 (S. H. Scudder), southern Colorado, June 11-20 (Lt. Carpenter), Silver City and Albu- querque, New Mexico (Bruner in litt.), Fort Whipple, Arizona (E. Palmer), Arizona (Burrison in Henshaw’s coll.), Arizona, collected by Dunn (Bruner), San Antonio, collected by Newell, and El] Paso, Texas (Bruner), Dullas, Texas (Boll), and Texas (Schaupp in Hen- shaw’s coll.) ; and it has been also re- ported by Thomas from Nevada, Cheyenne, Wyoming, and south of Raton Mts., N. Mexico. It would appear therefore to be found mainly along the plains at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains from Dakota southward, and along the eastern mar- gin of the Interior Basin. PS Yi CLE. 319 Hippiscus (X.) ZAPOTECUS. Nanthippus zapotecus Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 91. Saussure reports this species from the ager mexicanus simply, by which it is presumed that he found it wide- spread. The specimens which I have examined come mostly from Colorado collected by Morrison (Henshaw’s coll.) on UR: 11); but Mr. Bruner has also sent me specimens from Cheyenne, Wyo., col- lected by Wickham, and from Silver City, Albuquerque, and Taos Valley in New Mexico; and a single specimen collected July 15 at Denison, Crawford Co., Iowa, by J. A. Allen certainly belongs here. Mr. Bruner also states that he has specimens from Akron, Colo., and Los Angeles, Calif. Thaxter (at Manitou, June 5- Hrppiscus (X.) CONSPICUUS sp. nov. Similar in general appearance to H. (X.) corallifes with which it agrees well in size. Grayish fuscous, darkest above. of vertex subpentagonal, broadly open be- hind, the anterior wall retroarcuate, all the walls slight, a faint median carina invading the fastigium; between the apices of the moderately shallow triangular lateral foveo- lae, a slight more or Jess blended biareolate foveola; frontal costa deeply sulcate, consid- erably narrowed above. Pronotum rather Fastigium ‘heavily verruculose, the metazona more or less deeply impressed anteriorly, slightly tumid with arched lateral carinae which are sharp and distinct anteriorly, dulled behind; process of metazona rectangulate; the med- ian carina either depressed or obsolete be- tween the principal sulci, gently arched on metazona. Elytra strongly pardaline (apic 320 ally vitreous) with strongly contrasting pale cinerous and blackish fuscous markings, with sharply defined margins, deepest in color in the marginal field, distributed much as in H. (X.) corallipes. Wings very pale clear citron yellow at base, apically vitreous with black longitudinal veins, the cross veins brown often inclining to yellow; and between the two a very narrow, arcuate, fuliginous or brownish fuscous band scarcely broader than the width of the interspaces, deepest in color at and beside the cross nervules, and sepa- rated by a citron line from the humeral vitta which reaches outwaid only to the inner margin of the arcuate band and inward half or three quarters wy to the base; costal margin narrowly brownish yellow; outer margin free from the arcuate stripe for fully half its length. Wind femora pale cinereous obscurely marked with exceedingly oblique dusky stripes, beneath blood red, immaculate ; hind tibiae coral red, hoary or pallid without, the spines black tipped. Length of body, 43 mm.; of tegmina 38 mm. The species comes from Kansas (P. R. Uhler) and New Mexico (Silver City, L. Bruner): Described from 2 @, Hippiscus (X.) EREMITUS sp. nov. Similar to the preceding, but with much more broken markings on the tegmina. The single specimen having been preserved in al- cohol, the colors of the head and thorax are uncertain (and the inequalities of the sur- face of the head intensified), but it appears to be of a rather dark grayish fuscous strongly marked with cinerous, especially in a stripe which follows the lateral carinae of the pro- thorax and extends to the eye. Summit of head transversely rugulose, with a median carina extending to the middle of the fastig- ium of the vertex which is of about equal PS RET [September 1892. breadth and length with rather high angulate bounding walls, indistinct posteriorly and open in front to the small, partially biareo- late, rather deep and small frontal foveola which lies between the tips of the moderate- ly large and distinct triangular lateral foveo- lae, whose upper walls are arcuate; frontal costa deeply sulcate, much narrowed above, fading below. Pronotum arenaceous and rather sparsely and feebly verruculose, the metazona not deeply impressed anteriorly, a little tumid, with distinct but not high and equal lateral carinae; metazona twice as long as prozona; process of m@tazona slightly less than rectangulate; median carina moderately high, almost obliterated between the princi- pal sulci, arched on the metazona. Elytra maculato-pardaline, apically subvitreous with highly contrasted cinerous and blackish fus- cous markings having sharply defined mar- gins, the latter distributed very much as in HT. (X.) corallipes but very much diminished jn size, all the dark markings together not covering one half the area of the tegmina, very much reduced in the marginal field, and in the distal portion of the discoidal field very irregular in direction, often strongly arcuate and generally also partially or completely broken by the nervules into independent but intimately connected maculations. Wings very pale citron yellow at base with concol- orous reticulation, apically with black or partially fuscous reticulation, and between the two a very narrow arcuate pale fuliginous band scarcely broader than the width of the interspaces, leaving at least six marginal lobes free and separated by a brief space from the humeral vitta, which extends only as far as its inner border and inward the larger part of the way to the base, followed apically on the margin by a blackish fuscous stigma. Hind femora cinerous with three moderately broad, not very oblique, blackish brown stripes externally, beneath and the tibiae testaceous (presumably red in lite), the latter with black tipped spines. Length of body, 39 mm.; of tegmina, 40 mm. vitreous September 1892. ] Ed CHE. , 321 NOTES ON SOME MYRMECOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA. BY HENRY FREDERICK WICKHAM, In a recent paper published in the Proceedings of the Entomological so- ciety of Washington (vol. 1, 1890, pp. 37-247) Mr. E. A. Schwarz has listed all the North American beetles that are known to be myrmecophilous and has added notes on some that he considers doubttully such. Two arti- cles by Dr. Hamilton in the Canadian entomologist (vols. 20 and 21) and one by Prof. J. B. Smith in the American naturalist (August, 1886) also treat of these insects ; to them I wish to add the following data which seem to be new. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Horn for determinations of many species and for suggestions regarding the new Hetae- rius herein described; and to Prof. C. V. Riley for the names of the ants, specimens of which he had compared witb those in the national collection. I have placed in that collection specimens of all the ants noted, the beetles being in my own unless otherwise stated. Ptomaphagus pusto occurs at Iowa City during April, deep in the galleries of a large black ant. This species is not on any of the previous lists. fustiger fuchstt has long been known as a myrmecophile but hitherto the host has not been recorded ; I took it at Williams, Arizona, in the nests of a variety of Cremastogaster lineolata. All of our best coleopterists to whom I have sent examples of the Arizona species unite in declaring it to be the IOWA CITY, IOWA. same as the types from Tennessee. Ctenistes pulvereus was listed by Mr. Schwarz on the authority of Dr. By the capture of several specimens at Tucson, Ariz., I am able to verify the Doctor’s observation and to record the hitherto unknown host as Leconte. Lormica schaufuss. Lomechusa cava. This species is mentioned to call attention to the wide distribution of the genus; specimens differing little from cava except in size have been taken by me, with ants, in the Cascade Mts. of Washington and in the Rockies of Colorado ; the species is also found in the Mississippi Valley and thence east to the Atlantic. Gyrophaena sp. A number of specimens of this species—a true myr- mecophile—were taken at Caiion City, Colorado, in the nests of Solenopsis debilis which they resemble so closely in color and size as to render detection somewhat difficult when the colony is disturbed and the ants in motion; the ants show no hostility towards it. From Prof. Riley I learn that this is the same species recorded by Mr. Schwarz (loc. cit. p. 224) as Myrmecochara? n. sp., collected by Morrison at Lake Tahoe. Philonthus microphthalmus occurred at Iowa City in the nest of Aphaeno- gaster fulva, probably however merely as an accidental visitor; in the same nest I took a species of Scopaeus not yet determined. 322 Limulodes paradoxus is found here with the same ant as the preceding spe- cies though Mr. Schwarz takes it with Lasius aphidicola. 1 once took a specimen at Walnut, Ariz., with an- other ant and it will probably be found to infest the nests of several species. Trichopteryx parallelopipeda. A specimen doubtfully referred to this species occurred with ants (Tapinoma) at Cafion City, Colo. This trary to the usual habit in this genus and is probably accidental. is. cOn= A species of Hetaerius taken by me in Wyoming proves to be new, and as it is very distinct and the species of the genus are few, I describe it below to preserve the record: Hetaertus hornti n. sp. Form robust, broadly sub-oval, color rufo-castaneous ; sur- face shining sparsely covered with yellow scale-like hairs, longer on the sides and near base of the pronotum. Head with rather large tolerably dense punctures, front con- cave. Thorax broader than long, wider at base than at apex; divided on each side by a deep groove which is double at the base, into lateral and discal portions: discal portion shining, with a few punctures and clothed with yellow recumbent hairs, sparse at the middle but more numerous on the sides and especially at base where they are also much longer; lateral portion divided again bya deep groove about 1-3 from base of thorax into anterior and posterior divisions, the latter being sub- quadrate, convex, somewhat shining, finely punctured and covered with long yellow hair ; the anterior division is irregularly oblong, wider in front, flattened, and, where the ab- sence of hairs permits the surface to be seen, somewhat scabrous; it is clothed with yellow hairs which become longer behind. Elytra with the striae deep at base, each having the PSL6HE. {September 1892. outer margin raised, subhumeral stria reach- ing about two-thirds to tip. first and third dorsals entire, the tips converging, second a little shorter. The raised edge of each stria bears yellow recumbent hairs, longer on the first and third dorsals; between the inner dorsal and the suture are two rows of hairs following the course of lines of indistinct punctures. Propygidium with but few punc- tures visible under power, but with higher power it is seen to be densely and finely rugose; pygidium much the same but with still finer punctures, mostly towards the sides; margins of propygidium and pygidium dark. Prosternum punctured, margined at sides, truncate at base, lobe with a moderate constriction anteriorly, extremity somewhat rounded; prosternal ridges extending two thirds towards apex, nearly parallel. merely slightly sinuate opposite the coxae. Meso- sternum punctured, with distinct marginal line. Metasternum and abdomen shining. Length 2.5 mm. low smooth, Differs from A. trzstrzéatus, to which it is nearest allied, in the sculpture of the thorax and in vestiture; the form of the lobe at the posterior angles of the thorax is globular in that species. Taken by me at Cheyenne, Wyoming in the nests of Formica schaufusst Mayr, in May 1889. Type in cabinet of Dr. Horn “to whom it gives~ me pleasure to dedicate it in recognition of many favors rendered. PRhyssemus sonatus occurred with Solenopsis debilis at Cation City, Colo., but this may be merely accidental as is often the case with Aphodius granartus which I find in the ant’s nest here. When the habits of our western spe- cies of Tenebrionidae are better known, I think it will be found that they fur- - yellowish, September 1892. ] nish their full quota of myrmecophiles. The capture of numbers of Araeoschi- zus armatus in an anthill at Green River, Wyo. has already been recorded by me (Ent. amer., v. 6, p. 84) and quoted by Mr. Schwarz in his paper cited. Though Dr. Horn holds that Araeoschizus is neither parasitic nor iniquiline, the fact remains that they are much more abundant in and around ant’s nests. I noticed this especially at Tuscon in the case of three species (A. stm plex) considerable regularis, fimbriatus and which I found there in numbers. Notibius puberulus is often found in ant’s nests or in the immediate vicinity. PSY GH. 323 At Fort Yuma I have noticed them running across ant hills or around the entrances to the underground galleries without the interference of the ants; near Los Angeles while at work with Mr. Coquillet we dug up a large nest and found in it, besides some specimens of Motzbius puncticollis, a number of Contbius elongatus and ELurymeto- pon possible, considering that nothing is convexicolle. I think it quite known of the early stages of these beetles, that they may breed in the nests, though it is also likely that they may use them simply for shelter just as Etleodes dispersa uses the holes of prairie dogs. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON BOMBYCID LARVAE. BY HARRISON HALSIDOTA ALNI Hy. Edw. 1876— Hy. Edw., Proc. Cal. acad. sci., vii, 129 (as a variety of H. agassizi?). 1882—Grote, New check list, p. 16. 1891—Smith, List. lep., no. 1129 a. Mature larva. — Head rounded, smooth, black and very shiny; bases of antennae, labium and a line below clypeus yellow; width 3.5 mm. Body black, mottled with which predominates ventrally; abdominal feet dull yellow, the claspers brownish; thoracic feet black; spiracles white. The warts are arranged as in A. maculata* and bear dense, spreading tufts of feathery hairs of even length, but slightly longer dorsally on joints 5 and 12, and keeled along dorsal line. On joints 2-6 and 10-13 the hair is deep black, on joints 7-9 orange ochraceousf. In the black parts at * See Psyche, vol. 6, p. 165. t+ Ridgway’s Nomenclature of colors, pl. v, fig. 3. G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. both ends are several long, thin, white pen- cils, consisting of from one to several hairs and arranged as follows :—on joints 3 and 4 from warts 2-5; on joint 5 from warts I-5; on joint 6,a single hair from warts 3 and 4; on joint toa single hair from warts 2-4; on joint 11 from warts 2, 3, and 5; on joint 12 from warts 1 and 2 and on joint 13 from the large wart and the lateral one. Food plants.—Willow (Salix) and alder (Alnus). flabitat.— The Sierra Nevada range of California and probably further north. Mr. Edwards’s example came from Shasta Co., mine from Mariposa Co. HALISIDOTA AGASSIZzII Pack. 1864—Packard, Proc. ent. soc. Phil., v. 3, 128. 1873—-Stretch, Zyg Bomb. N.A.v.1, 103 1889.—Hy. Edw., Bull. no. 35, U. S. nat. mus., 62. pr. var. of maculata. 18g91—Smith, New list, p. 27. maculaza. 324 Mature larva.—Very variable in color. The head is as in H. alu described above, the color of the body varies much in the amount of black from entirely black to nearly all yellowish. The hair is like that of H. ainé in structure and the white pencils are the same or partly yellowish, but the hairs that arise from the warts and obscure the body are nearly maize yellow* the amount of black at the ends of the body is variable. Besides there is usually present the series of lozenge-shaped black dorsal tufts on joints 5-12 which is seen on HZ. mac- and ulata; but these may be much reduced, or absent. amples in which they were wanting which I have not, however, seen any ex- also had the black extremities well devel- oped. One example occurred to me with its hair entirely yellow except the white pen- cils. From this there are all intergrades to a form with joints 2-6 and 10-13 bearing deep black hairs besides the black dorsal tufts on joints 7-9 and the usual white pencils. Ex- amples occur that are not to be distinguished from #. that only the eight dorsal tufts colored black. A singular variety was found with joints 4-5 and 1o pos- maculata, is with teriorly to 12 and the dorsal tufts on joints 6-10 black, joints 2, 3, 12 laterally, 13 and all the hair from warts 3-6 on joints 6-10 white, the hair from warts 1-2 on joints 6-10 yellow. White pencils normal. Food plants.— Willow (Salix) and alder (Alnus). Habitat.—California, in low land near the coast. (Santa Barbara and San Francisco). ORGYIA LEUCOSTIGMA Smith and Abbot. 1797—S. and A., Lep. ins. Ga., 157, pl. 79. 1889 —Hy. Edw., Bull. no. 35, U. S. N. M., Pp. 63 (gives 23 references). 1889—Packard, 5th rept. U. S. ent. com., p. 262. In spite of the fact that the larva of this species has long been known and excellently illustrated and described by Dr. Riley, I * Ridgway’s Nomenclature of colors, PI. vi. fig. 21. PS PCHE:, [September 1892. have seen no account of the preparatory stages that agrees with my observations. Dr. Riley says :—‘‘Six days after the third moult” [z. e. at the end of the fourth stage] ‘‘a por- tion of the larvae spin up; these all produce male moths. The female caterpillars , undergo a fourth (and as,it appears from more recent experience, in some instances even a fifth) molt...” That is; male larvae have four stages and female, five or six. In my experience, male larvae have six stages and female six or seven (usually seven) just as is the case also with O. defintta Pack. and O. cana Hy. Edw. which I have described. I give briefly the stages as I have observed them. Lgg.—Nearly spherical,smooth, not shiny ; color yellowish white, a large round pale brownish spot at the vertex surrounded bya ring of the same color. Diameter o.g mm. Laid ina mass on the cocoon of the 2 moth and covered with froth which becomes hard and white when dry. Kirst larval stage. — Head shiny, pale, subtranslucent brownish, darker on the ver- tex; ocelli black,mouth brown ; width 0.5 mm. Body pale whitish, the warts concolorous, except the subdorsal ones which are black- ish, those on joint 2 larger than the others. An indistinct white dorsal line; venter and legs pale. Hair very long, irregular, no brush-tufts, pencils nor retractile tubercles. Second stage.—Head pale reddish brown; width 0.8 mm. Body pale yellowish, a sub- dorsal black band and a broad dorsal one on joints g-12; a brick red dorsai shade on joints 4and 9; a few plumed black hairs from the subdorsal on joint 2 and the dorsal on joint 12; retractile tubercles pre- sent, one each on joints 10 and 11 dorsally, pale yellowish, just tinged with red, but dis- tinct. Cervical shield yellowish. Third stage.—Head brownish red, mouth darker; width Cervical shield Body pale yellow dorsally, a broad dark gray lateral band and black dorsal band, triple on joints 3 and 4, wide on joints 5-8 warts I. mm. orange. September 1892. | (touching the lateral band), narrower on joints 9-12 and absent on joint 13. Long plumed pencils on joints 2 and 12; brush- like tufts of pale yellowish hair on joints 5-7, with traces of another on joint §; retractile tubercles large, coral red. Hair thin, long and black; warts pale grayish. The mark- ings of the mature larva are practically ac- quired at this stage. Fourth stage.—Head and retractile tuber- cles coral red; cervical shield orange; width of head 1.6 Body as before but the brush-tufts are complete on joints 5 to 8 and colored white or yellowish. Fifth stage.—Head, cervical shield and re- tractiletubercles coral red; width of former 2.1mm. The ornamentation is as before; the space between the dorsal and lateral bands is yellow on joints g-12. Sixth stage.—(@ mature larva) Head dark coral red, slightly shiny, ocellia little darker, jaws brownish; width Cervical shield and retractile tubercles coral red ; warts pale yellow shaded with blackish, arranged as in the other species of Orgyia; hair pencils on joints 2 (two) and 12 (one) composed of long, plumed, black hairs; four large, white or yellow brush-like dorsal tufts on joints 5-8. A broad velvety black dorsal band enclosing the small yellow tubercles of row 1 and the red retractile ones; on joints 3-8 the dorsum is all black except the warts; a yellow subdorsal band; lateral region dark gray except the warts, joint 13 only shaded mm. 2.5 mm. with gray; a yellow substigmatal band; _a black stigmatal line; venter gray and legs pale yellow. Hair long, thin and ~~ eae “s black. Seventh stage.—(Q larvae only.) Asin the previous stage; width of head 3.5 mm. Cocoon.—Double, composed of hair and silk, but thin. o pupa.—Cylindrical; antenna and wing cases prominent; abdomen tapering, the cremaster flattened, its hooks fastened in the silk of the cocoon. Color yellowish white or more or less shaded with dark brown or Pat CHE. 325 black, the back covered with long hair and three dorsal tufts of short scales. Length 13 mm.; width 5 mm. Q pupa.—Like the @, but larger and more robust. The wing cases are present, 6.5 mm. long, (though the wings of the 9 moth are but2.5 mm. long) but the antenna cases are small. OEDEMASIA SALIcIS Hy. Edwards. Egg.—Hemispherical but rounded at base, base flattened centrally; smooth slightly shiny, under the microscope divided into small hexagonal areas, their boundaries not distinctly raised and hardly distinct enough to form reticulations; diameter o.8 mm. Laid over 100 together on the under side of a leaf. The little larva hatches by eating a large hole in the top. Food plants.—Maple (Acer macrophyllum) and apple (Pyrus malus) and also, according to Mr. Edwards, willow (Salix) and accord- ing to Dr. Behr, walnut (Juglans). SCHIZURA CONSPECTA Hy. Edwards. 1874—Hy. Edw., Proc. Cal. acad. sc.,.v. 5, 306. Heterocampa (?) 1882—Grote, Check list, p. 19. Coelodasys. 1891—Smith, List lep., No. 1311. Schrzura. I found a larva, which may belong to this species, in Yosemite, Cal., but it was unfort- unately destroyed while I was attempting to rear it. As there is no other species of Schizura known from California, I give what notes I was able to obtain under the above heading. Egg.—Spheroidal, flattened at base; dia- meter 1.1mm. Under the microscope it is seen to be covered with very narrow slightly elevated lines forming irregular pentagonal or hexagonal reticulations, becoming very small at the micropyle. Laid together on the under side of a leaf. The little larva hatches by eating a hole in the side. First larval stage.—Head bilobed,rounded, very shiny blackish brown, yellowish at the vertex; ocelli black; a few hairs; width 0.6 mm. Cervical shield with a pair of tubercles; joints § and 12 slightly enlarged dorsally; 326 feet normal, but the anal pair elevated; smooth, rounded-conical tubercles, normal in arrangement, rather large and each bearing a long hair, many of which are swollen at the tip. Body honey yellow, the humps and lat- eral region wine red; cervical shield, anal plate, tubercles and anal feet blackish; other feet shiny black. Second stage.—Head bilobed, high, narrow- ing to vertex and flat in front; a tubercle at the vertex of each lobe; width 0.8 mm; uniform. brown, not shiny, the vertex a little darker Body slightly enlarged dorsally at joints 5 and 12, the tubercles very large, especially dorsally, conical, smooth, each with a short seta which is transparent and swollen at tip. Anal feet elevated, partly aborted. Body reddish brown, lighter dorsally and mottled with yellow; joints 5 and 12 are dark as are also the tub- ercles. Cervical shield and anal plate dark. A yellow dorsal spot on joints 4 and 11 bi- sected by a brown dorsal line. Food plant.—Maple (Acer). CLISIOCAMPA CONSTRICTA Stretch. Var. STRIGOSA Stretch. 1881-—Stretch, Papilio, v. 1, p. 67. ESOL. [Septeinber 1892. 1882—Grote, Check list, p. 21. Sp. dest. Mr. Stretch described this form apparently from a single g example from the Yosemite Valley and in Grote’s list it stands as a dis- tinct species. This is an error, however, as C. strigosa is merely a local form of C. con- stricta hardly differing sufficiently to deserve the varietal name. The principal differences noticed by Mr. Stretch in his description seem to be the larger size of C. strigosa, the greater width of the band on fore wings, the distinct spots on the fringe and the common line on the wings below. From the series of bred speci- mens before me, these characters are seen to be decidedly variable, and many of the speci- mens are nearer to the typical form than to Mr. Stretch’s description of C. sfrtgosa. The larva is identical with that of C. con- stricta as described by Mr. Hy. Edwards. The larvae form no tent, but live in the manner of C. disstria, separating as they be- come large and wandering about considerably before forming their cocoons. In the Yose- mite Valley they feed on the black oak (Quercus keloggit). The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada: With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 xe?. HOUGHTON, MIFELIN & CO., RHOPALOCERA. Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. No post cards, DR. Je. is REED; Ryhope, Sunderland, England. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especia!- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- | ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. oh @@ mJ OURNAL OF BNTOMOLOGY: {Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 198. OcToBER, 1892. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION TO BRAUER AND VON BERGENSTAMM’S VORARBEITEN ZU EINER MONOGRAPHIE DER MUSCARIA SCHIZOMETOPA.—II. —C. H. Tyler Townsend THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus.—V.—Samuel H. Scudder THE NUMBER OF LARVAL STAGES IN THE GENUS NabDATA.—Harrison G. Dyar NoTES ON THE NESTING HABITS OF CERTAIN BEeES.—A. S. 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The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7.45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais oa pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of fine North American Noctuidae. Part I. pg tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 18go. 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of Men England. Boston, 1858 : 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (eae taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names Bree ee for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 5 I.00 Seadden S. H. The ome cman of Nan tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entdmologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. ° 5.00 U.S. Bocas Commission. Bulletins, INOSsils 25141555) Osy, c I.00 a oonth Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND; Las Cruces, New Mexico [October 1892. ut PSYCHE. INTRODUCTION TO BRAUER AND VON BERGENSTAMM’S VORARBEITEN ZU EINER MONOGRAPHIE DER MUSCARIA SCHIZOMETOPA.—II. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND. * The Muscaria schizometopa are di- vided first into two groups: the Antho- The first show the costal vein continued to the end of the fourth longitudinal, and usually have small tegulae; the latter have between the third and fourth long- itudinal, where the apical crossvein is myidae and Muscariae genuinae. lacking, only a membranous margin, and usually the fourth longitudinal before its end bent toward the third and terminating close behind it, or at the curve dividing into a posterior false vein, or a true one, which runs toward the edge, but seldom reaches it, azd an apical crossvein, which ends near the third longitudinal, or even in it (first posterior cell open, or _ petiolate). Rarely the apical crossvein is lacking and the fourth longitudinal ends ia the posterior margin, or before reaching it (Syllegoptera, Melia, Microtricha, Thrixion, Gastrophilus). Tegulae gen- erally large, rarely small. The Conopidae are separated from the Tachinidae, Muscidae, and Antho- myidae by their lack of vibrissae, and also by the disappearance of the vibris- sal angle; while the cheek-margins, by their vibrissal ridges, either pass almost imperceptibly (only with a slight curve —Myopa dorsalis Fab.— below the middle of the face, or on the under edge of the head—Zyopa ficta) into the edges of the antennal grooves, or else (Conops) reach entirely up to the an- tennal prominence and bound the facial keel, and the antennal grooves are wanting [but this arrangement produces a very good of antennal grooves |. The structure is similar in the Oes- imitation tridae, where the vibrissal angles close up the antennal grooves below on both sides high above the oral margin, while the last continues up between the cheek- edges as a broad clypeus with a flat or edged facial keel (Hypoderma). In the Acalyptratae the clypeus forms the edge of the antennal groove below, and the angle is lacking (Dichromyia). The Cordyluridae, Scatophagidae, Helomy- zidae, Sepsidae, have near the mouth the vibrissal angle and one vibrissa. Head like Macquartia. The boundaries of cheeks, vibrissal ridges, clypeus, etc. are best (Trichopoda). These parts of the head structure have been already described in general in the distinguished in Phasiidae 330 monograph of the Oestridae (1863), and in the work on the Diptera of the Im- perial museum of Vienna (Denkschr. acad. wissensch., v. 42, p. 108) ; there- fore it is necessary here only to repeat briefly the principal characters, and to discuss those of chief importance from the new standpoint. The terminology employed is the same as*that of earlier authors, so far as known, so that the comparison of our descriptions with those of others may be as easy as pos- sible. Our terms differ from those of other authors only where an understand- ing of single parts made the addition of new terms necessary. ticularly the case with the chitinous plates forming the epistoma [clypeus. | In the Schizometopa the head is di- vided by a seam or fissure in front and above into two parts, which merge into This seam is more or less perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, and runs as a curved wrinkle around the upper edge of the antennal prominence This was par- each other below near the cheeks. and thence downward, generally in a horseshoe shape. Above and outside of the curved seam lie the so-called front, the vertex and ocelli, the compound eyes, and the cheeks; below and inside the seam lie the lunula with the antennae, the epistoma (which generally deepens above into the antennal grooves and forms below the front edge of the oral cavity), and on both sides of the last the vibrissal ridges, reaching down- ward a greater or less distance, or Each of the clypeus disappearing by abbreviation. these is separated from PSMCHHE. [October 1892. by a furrow or seam, extending from the outer half of the antennal groove. The vibrissal ridges usually form at the lower end a small raised or re-entrant angle, pointing toward the middle line of the face,—the so called vzbrzssal angle, on which asa rule the longest bristles (or the genuine vibrissae) are located. When the clypeus lies in a hollow, the vibrissal ridges bound the facial groove, which must be distin- guished from the antennal grooves, inas- much as the latter may be secondary excavations within the former, or may occur alone with a smooth or elevated clypeus and often are united in a single eroove (Dexiosoma). “Phe last “is always the case when the _ vibrissal ridges are lacking or abbreviated and the vibrissal angle forms the lower bound- ary of the antennal grooves. Longer bristles are often situated in that case on the outer edge of the antennal grooves, because the latter are identical with the facial groove (Oestromyla). The position of the vibrissal angle has a relation to the lateral end of the The latter often ends close to the vibrissal ridges, having a linear form; or the two ends may be mo.e widely separated, curved seam. enclosing a larger facial area (clypeus+vibrissal ridges and antennae) and ending close to the lower edge of the eye with a larger or smaller groove (the bow- groove, facial impression, oblique im- pression, of other authors), by which the upper and lower portions of the cheek [sides of face and cheeks] are sharply separated. If the end of the October 1892.] curved seam is close to the edge of the mouth on each side, the long vibrissa on the vibrissal angle is close over or on the edge of the mouth (Phorocera) ; if, however, the curved seam ends high above the edge of the mouth (Macron- ychia, Phasia, Oestrus), the vibrissal angle and the long vibrissa (or if the latter is lacking, the angle is distinct) are high above the mouth, and the angle forms sometimes the lower edge of the antennal groove. The vibrissal ridges are therefore sometimes long, sometimes short or absent (Oestridae). These variations have their effect on the clypeus. When the vibrissal angle lies low down, the clypeus generally reaches far below, and runs out past it or ends between the two; if the vibris- sal angle rises higher, it is apparent that it is not correlated with the edge of the mouth, as that was before between it and the facial depression, but it may stand much higher than the edge of the mouth (the lower edge of the clypeus), and the latter run through between the angles, or separate them with a nose like ridge, or the clypeus above the edge may by their convergence (re-entrant vibrissal angles in Macronychia, Dexia, and others) be narrowed before its end, or in the middle, or entirely above (clypeus biscuit-shaped or half biscuit- shaped). If the vibrissal angle ends high up and bounds the antennal groove below and on the outside, then the downward-reaching clypeus is set off from the cheek edges—extending for- ward in this case—by the angle, and forms, if narrow, a facial ridge, furrow PST CHP, a31 or groove (Dexiosoma, Oéestrus) ; or, if it broadens the antennal grooves, it forms a smooth or convex facial shield (Hypoderma). The region bounding the oral aper- ture on the side is called the cheek, and its so-called breadth is really its hight in a profile view. Compared with the vertical diameter of the eye, it is gener- ally called éroad, if it measures 1-3 or more of the latter; and zarrow, if it measures I-4 or less. The breadth is also the diameter of the cheek from the below lower edge of the eye to the lower edge of the head, measured in profile while the posterior margin of the eve is ina vertical position. Bristles on the edges of the frontal stripe from the vertical area to that of the upper cheek (sides of face) are called frontal bristles or stripe-bristles ; if they are in several rows, the super- numerary rows are on the orbital region, and we may speak of ‘‘several-rowed frontal bristles.”” Those on the ocel- lar triangle are ocellar bristles. ones, at the extreme top of the head near the ocellar triangle, are vertical bristles. Single or puaired bristles, or several in a group, on the periorbit near the edge of the eye below the lat- eral vertical bristles are called ordztal brestles. They occur mostly in the female, but often in both sexes, are rarely entirely lacking, or are repre- Longer sented by rows of finer inconspicuous bristles (many Muscidae and Phasii- dae). As a rule the orbital bristles are strong and bent downward, rarely upright or beat outward. Bristles sit- 332 uated on the edges of the vibrissal ridges, and the long one on the vibris- sal angle are called vibrissae. Ifthe ridges bear such bristles up to above the middle, the term ‘‘vibrissae ascend- ing” isused to describe the character. If they are in a single row, they are simple or one-rowed ; if in two or more, they are double rowed or bushy. Bris- tles on the edge of the cheeks (sides of face) may be mistaken for ascending vibrissae, but check vibrissae are al- ways Jelow the vibrissal angle... . In relation to wing structure, we adopt in general the terminology used by Meigen, aud therefore differ from Rondani in the names of the veins. The larger bristles on the abdomen we (with Rondani and Macquart) call macrochaetae; those on the posterior margin of the segment marginal, and those on the surface of the dorsal line discal. If these bristles stand at the side of the body, they are lateral. When we speak distinctly of discal and marginal mean those in the dorsal (sagittal) line. If a further distinction is necessary, the bristles of the posterior edge may be distinguished as of the whole mar- gin, or discal, or lateral; or, if in the middle only, as sagittal. Some tropi- cal forms show particularly large bris- macrochaetae, we always tles which are thick and straight, like sptnes, and often cover the whole ab- domen, or stand together in groups, bush-like. Van der Wulp distinguishes these spines in certain groups, and we follow him in this respect in the dis- But they form no character of a particular group hut occur in several, which are sepa- tinction of zarrow groups. PS Y'Ci?s: {October 1892. rated from each other by other struct- ures. All the remaining terms should be intelligible, as we follow entirely the methods of expression of Loew, Schiner, ete: In regard to generic names, it has been our retain the old name for that part of the genus to which Tf that 1s impossible, on account of the name having been proposed for several species which now belong to other genera, the name must either be used in a narrower sense or discarded, because in the re- tention of names which had one mean- ing originally, and quite different one now, only confusion and It is de- sirable also that describers of new species intention to the oldest species belongs. another misunderstanding can arise. should not enlarge or narrow our genera as soon as species are found not exactly corresponding with their but rather that they erect new genera, for the very good reason that, after this kind of modification by little patches has gone on fora time, it will be impos- sible to characterize the genus. .. . The majority of authors seem never to have troubled themselves to give any account of the ideas represented by Tachininae, Dexinae, Phasinae, etc., but in all these cases to have had only one definite form in mind, so that the characters belonging to the name long characters, since ceased to have any weight, when the habitus of the form under consider- But how a different appearance may conceal re- ation suggested these groups. lationship, and how similarity with un- related forms may deceive, no genus ever illustrated so strikingly as Scezo- pinus.: October, 1892. ] (Continued from page 320). Described from 1 @ in the collection of Mr. L. Bruner and taken by Dunn in Arizona Hippiscus (X.) PARDALINUS. Oedipoda pardalina Sauss., Rev. mag. zool., 1861, 324; Orth. nova amer., 2, 27; Thom., Syn. Acrid. N. A., 213-214. Xanthippus pardalinus Sauss., Oedip., go. Prodr. This is a very widespread species. I have seen specimens from Nevada; several localities in Utah, all of E. Palmer’s collecting. as Mt. Trumbull, June 7-10, Mokiak Pass near St. George, April 20-30, Parowan, 60c0! in irrigated fields near low moun- tains, July 3-10; San Diego and Rock Spring in southern California (E. Palmer) ; the state of Vera Cruz, Mex- ico (Bruner), and the vicinity of Mex- ico, Mex. (E. Palmer). Saussure mentions it from California, New Mex- ico, Orizaba and Peubla, Mexico, and from the West Indies and Venezuela. In the United States, then, it has not been found east of the Rocky Moun- tains nor north of Lat. 40°. Hippiscus (X.) MACULATUS sp. nov. Head of moderate size not very tumid above; dull cinereous, more or less fuscous above; median carina of vertex slight, termi- nating in the middle of the fastigium, oppo- site which the low lateral walls are consider- ably angulated; biareolate apical foveola subcircular in @, obscure and transversely elliptical in 2; frontal costa rather deeply sulcate, narrowed considerably above. Pro- PST GE, 333 notum plane above, the median carina low, of uniform height, cut by both sulci and more or less obsolete between; lateral carinae sharp, distinctly passing over under the pro- zona; process of metazona rectangulate or less, the surface variable but verruculose or coarsely arenaceous, the tendency of the verrucosities to be longitudinal; lateral lobes bluntly subdued verrucose; dorsum of prono- tum blackish fuscous with obscure pallid, sub- decussate, strongly divergent, posteriorly narrowing stripes; lateral lobes obscure with a median semilunate blackish patch seated on asmall quadrate whitish spot. Tegmina cinereous marked with rounded blackish fus- cous and minutely black edged spots having much the position of those of the species which have here preceded but generally more rounded, more contracted, and hence more distant than in them, the sutural stripe rather broad, clear, and testaceous. Wings pale citron at base, the apex vitreous with black reticulation, and between a moderately broad, blackish fuliginous, arcuate band scarcely narrowing above and united, except for the slender pallid axillary line, with the humeral vitta, the outer limit of which is op- posite the middle or inner margin of the arcuate band, and which narrows and_ be- comes duller as it passes toward the base which it is far from reaching; inner portion of costal margin citron as far as below, fol- lowed by a slender blackish stigma. Hind femora externally hoary cinereous below, darker above, with very oblique broad black- ish stripes and apically a semilunate black spot; beneath and apically within coral red; hind tibiae coral red, externally hoary with black tipped spines. Length of body, f, 33.5 mm., 2,38 mm.; of tegmina, #, 35 mm., 2, 34 mm. A specimen from Colorado collected by Morrison is in Mr. Henshaw’s col- lection, and in minea g from Pueblo, Colorado, which I collected on July 8 or gand a @ from San Luis Potosi, 304 Mexico (E. Palmer). Mr. Bruner also sends me a specimen from Ft. Grant, Arizona. Described from 1 @,29. Hippiscus (X.) TIGRINUS sp. nov. Dark brownish fuscous, of robust form and medium size. Head narrowed above and rugulose; fastigium of vertex distinct with rather sharp though not high bounding walls, closed behind by a distinct but slight transverse more or less arcuate and irregular carina, the posterior half with a slight med- ian carina which extends back more or less distinctly over the head; lateral foveolae not deeply impressed, triangular, the median foveola between their tips slightly impressed : frontal costa moderately broad, narrowed at summit much more than below the ocellus, deeply sulcate at the ocellus, plane at the considerably expanding base. Pronotum ex- panding considerably on the metazona, which is centrally a little tumid, the rugosi- ties of the latter, which are considerable, ranged more or less distinctly into series parallel to the sides of the process; median carina subobsolete or at least depressed be- tween the sulci, distinctly arched on the metazona; lateral canthi distinct and sharp in the middle of the pronotum, a faint rather broad ashen band next their inner side; pro- cess rectangulate or less. Tegmina ashen gray, brownish at base, vitreous on apical third or more, the transverse bars dark brownish fuscous, mostly crossing the wing, those of apical half not at all rounded, with rare exceptions with ill defined irregular margins, and extending though fainter to the tip of the wing; sutural line testaceous. Wings very pallid citron at base, pellucid at tip, occasionally with one or two fuligin- ous cellular spots at tip, the veins and cross veins blackish on apical portion, yellow on basal, with a broad, subequal, arcuate, dark fusco-fuliginous, median, scarcely tapering band, leaving four or five lobes free, separat- PSYCHE. [October 1892. ed bya yellow line from the humeral vitta which extends from very nearly as far out to the base of the wing, the costal mar- gin fusco-testaceous. Hind femora external- ly brownish fuscous with only obscure if any darker very oblique bars, dirty clay yellow below, the under surface, like the tibiae and tarsi, luteous, the spines black tipped. Length of body, 39 mm.; of tegmina, 37 mm. The species is somewhat widely spread, mostly at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, extending from Colorado? (collected: by. Litas G: Beckwith’s party of Pacific R. R. ex- ploration near Lat. 38°) West Point, Nebraska (Bruner), and Nebraska (Miss Walker) to Ft. Buchanan, south of Tucson, Arizona (E. Palmer). A specimen received from Mr. P. R:- Uhler has no designation of locality. Described from 5 9, but the descrip- tion is drawn up mainly from Mr. Uhler’s specimen, the: others having heen first immersed in alcohol. Hipriscus (X) LEPROSUS. NXanthippus leprosus Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 2. : I possess two poor &, originally pre- served in alcohol, both of which come from much than de Saussure’s locality (New Mexico), one of them collected by Dr. Suckley below Lake Jessie at Ft. Benton, Montana, during the N. Pacific R. R. surveys, the other from Colorado (?) by Lt. E. G. Beckwith on the Pacific R. R. sur- veys about Lat. 38°. Mr. Bruner also sends mea specimen from Reno, Ne- vada, collected by Hillman. further north October 189z.] Hippiscus (X.) PARADOXUS. Oedtpoda paradoxa Thom.!, Rep. U. S. geol. sury. terr., v, 457; 6, 720-721; Syn. Weride iN VAG, 132. Not Oe. paradoxa Glover. Brownish fuscous, of robust form and me- dium size. Head dark above, cinereous or pallid below, often marked laterally by two narrow oblique brownish fuscous stripes, one running from behind the eyes across their iower edge to the middle of the frontal costa, the other parallel to and distant from it across the lower part of the cheeks; rugose above including the fastigium of the vertex which is as broad as long and bordered in its entire circuit, sometimes less distinctly in front and behind, by strongly sinuous sharp and moderately high bounding walls; lateral foveolae moderately deep, short triangular, including between their tips a distinctly biareolate broad oval deep foveola; frontal costa almost exactly as in #. (X.) tigrinus but sulcate more deeply and for a longer distance and expanding more considerably at base. Pronotum shaped as in HW. (X.) fe- grinus and as there rather deeply stabbed on either side of the middle of the front margin of the metazona, the latter more vaulted, the rugosities especially in 2 profuse, subarena- ceous, elevated, blunt, and pretty uniformly distributed ; median carina of metazona pretty strongly arched but still rather sligHt and low; lateral carinae generally distinct and sharp but slight; lateral lobes nearly smooth in g, bluntly rugulose in 2 ; dorsum some- times marked by a broad bent ashen band on either side. Tegmina cinereous, very heav- ily barred with dark brown, on the costal margin sometimes blackish, transverse bands nearly or quite crossing the tegmina, almost or quite confluent below and occupying four- fifths or considerably more,of the tegmina, extending to the tip, so that the tegmina may be rather regarded as brown with nar- row transverse ashen stripes broadening above, one ashen patch larger than the PSYCHE. 33h others usually found situated on the costal margin, its outer limit at the middle of the margin; a rather broad sutural stripe be- neath which the tegmina are almost or quite wholly brown. . Wings pallid at base with a citron tinge, the veins and cross veins of the same color, vitreous apically, with occasion- ally a fuliginous cellular spot or two near the: apex, the reticulation black narrow rather strongly arcuate fusco-fuligin- ous median band, occasionally broadened a little, especially in the middle of its course, leaving about four marginal lobes free, sepa- rated by an often scarcely perceptible yellow- ish line from the humeral vitta, which reaches to the outer limits of the upper extremity of the arcuate band and extends nearly (9) or less than three quarters way (g) to the base, the costal margin testaceous interrupted with fuliginous at the extremity of the vitta. Hind femora pallid cinereous, with three well defined, moderately broad, strongly oblique, distinct dark brown stripes; be- neath and within coral red like the tibiae which are more or less. pallid externally especially at the base, the spines black tipped; hind tarsi luteous. Length of body, 8, 33 mm.; 2, 37 mm.; of tegmina, @, 31 mm., 2, 37 mm. with a Described from 3 6,7 9, most but not all killed in alcohol. One specimen comes from Holt Co., Nebraska (L. Bruner, May) ; the others from Utah (Parowan, July 3-10, about 6000', near low mountains on an irrigated spot; Mokiak Pass near St. George, April 20-30, E. Palmer), Taos Valley, N. Mex., May 30 (Bruner) and Arizona (Ft. Whipple, E. Palmer; also collected by Dunn, Bruner). A single type of this species, a 9, ex- ists in the National museum, dried after immersion in alcohol, leaving no trace 336 of the red color to the wings. It differs from Thomas’s description in that the ‘‘dorsal area” (axillary field) of the tegmina is not without spots, though such specimens do occur, especially in the ¢. As his description is very in- sufficient and his remarks on its rela- tionship misleading, I have printed here the description drawn up from my specimens before I had seen his type. I had formerly supposed his species to be a synonym of 4. (#7.) haldemaniz. Glover’s figure (pl. 18, fig. 14), pre- sumably from specimens furnished by Thomas, is pretty certainly that species. It does not at all agree with the present species. The distribution of the species as given above must therefore be slightly ex- tended. Thomas’s original specimens were found from Ogden to Smithfield in Cache Valley, northern Utah; and he subsequently adds southeast Idaho. Hippiscus (X.) AFFRICTUS sp. nov. Very dark brownish fuscous, of robust form and medium size, the sexes varying con- siderably. Head dark on summit but else- where mottled with pale cinereous and light brownish fuscous, the summit moderately broad and tumid, gently rugulose, the toler- ably smooth-floored vertical fastigium open behind or with the lateral walls incurved somewhat, open also in front to the large and rather deep biareolate median foveola; lateral foveolae very small subcircular, the lower walls obscure; frontal carina of mod- erate width, deeply sulcate throughout, though the sulcus fades at base, consid- erably narrowed at summit, more or less ex- panding at base, at least in the 2. Pro- PSYCHE. [October 1892. notum expanding but moderately behind, the process variable but generally slightly less than rectangulate, the dorsum broadly edged laterally with an oblique, broad, usually posteriorly narrowing, pallid cinere- ous band; margin of process edged with testaceous; lateral lobes of prozona cinere- ous flecked with brown and with a large median oblique dark brown spot; metazona more or less but not greatly tumid centrally, the median carina arched, distinct and sharp, not elevated, and equal; lateral carinae dis- tinct and sharp, longer than usual and cen- trally elevated; dorsal surface of metazona arenaceo-rugulose but not very heavily mar- ked. Tegmina cinereous and brownish fus- cous, the latter in more or less transverse broad belts but all, as in the next species, somewhat confused and blurred, giving ita more maculate appearance than usual, the cinereous markings prevailing along the costal third of the wing, where also the darker markings are usually darkest; a broad and rather bright flavo-testaceous sutural stripe. Wings pale citron, rarely sal- mon-red at base, the reticulation the same, vitreous with black reticulation at apex, with occasionally a cellular spot or two and a broad or rather broad, arcuate, median, black- ish or very dark fuliginous band, gently nar- rowing toward the anal angle which it just reaches, not at all or but slightly narrowing above and separated by a generally fine yel- low line from the humeral vitta, which reaches to or nearly to its outer margin and usually extends almost to the base, the costal margin of the basal color (generally a little dulled) interrupted with blackish at the ex- tremity of the vitta. Hind femora and tibiae as in A. (X.) devotus. Length of body, g, 29-30 mm., 2, 37-43 mm.; of tegmina, @, 28-30 mm., 2, 38-40 mm. Described from 5 ¢, 12 2, mostly fresh. October 1892. ] Je GOD of i 33 ~t THE NUMBER OF LARVAL STAGES IN THE GENUS NADATA. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. in Psyene, recently; I expressed the opinion that species of Madata had more than six larval stages, which was founded on certain measurements made from Nadata gibbosa. obtained this species in the early stages,* IT have not since but have bred another from the egg, which is lV. oregonensts Butl. In this species, the number of stages appears to be normally six ; but two individuals, * Miss Soule has recently written the life history of N. gibbosa (Psyche, v. 6,197) and found five stages, as did also Dr. Riley (See 5th rept. U. S. ent. com., 1890). Unfortunately, Miss Soule has given no meas- urements of the head, but she has given the length of the larva in allits stages and the numbers she gives correspond well with a series derived with the ratio .60. This does not corroborate my observations (on JV. ore- fonensis), as, to do so, a stage should appear lacking between stages I and II, provided that the measure- ments were madeat the first ofeach stage. Miss Soule’s figures are 3-16 (=.19), } (=.25), 4 (=.50), } (=.75), and 14 (=1.25) inches while the calculated series would be -16, .27, -45, -75, 1.25 in., thus showing no gap in the series anywhere. To suit my observations the newly hatched larva should have measured .10 inch instead of -16 inch. Miss Soule says ‘‘not quite 3-16 in.,’’ which _ is certainly nearer .16 than .10, aS the latter would be not quite } in. But I do not think the length of the larva is a reliable measurement to take as it is subject to great change throughout the stage, and, even if taken as nearly as possible at the same time in each Stage, is subject to “inaccuracies through the expansion or contraction of the larval segments. Moreover it takes no account of the growth during either the first or the last stage, ac- cording as the measurements are made at the end or beginning of each stage, and I shou!d hesitate to assume that the growth was always strictly proportional. In fact, I believe that in Nadata it is not so, for double growth seems to take place in the first stage. The measurement of the width of head is open to none of the above objections and possesses besides sev- eral advantages not shown by measurements of the length of the larva. carefully bred in confinement and two bred in the open air had but five stages, while another specimen, less carefully reared in confinement beside another bred in the open air on its growing food plant under a net exhibited six stages, but not the normal ones. All the larvae appeared to omit the normal second stage, even those that had six stages. These latter inserted an extra stage be- tween the fourth and fifth, not differing in markings from the fourth, as will be seen follows. The growth during the first stage was very great, out in what of all proportion to the subsequent growth, and, previous to moulting, the new head in process of formation behind the old one, caused an enormous pro- jection of the body. The calculated normal series for the widths of head stands as follows :—I .79, fal aga) Uh .62 5 1V 22315, Vi 3:30 VE 4.7 mm.; ratio .70. From the larvae that had five stages, I obtained measure- ments :—rst, .75, 2nd, 1.55, 3rd, 2.35, 4th, 3.3, 5th, 4.7 mm. From those that had six stages: first * ond: (ied. 40a, mm. :T the following example : — rst, 2.2% 4th, 227, 5th, 3.2, Oth, second example :— rst, a 2nd, 5, ard,,2.3,.4th,, 2.5) 5th,.3-7, 6th; 4.5 mm. due 0 fai gl) be eee * Measurement not recorded. + This larva died before moulting the last time. 398 It will beseen that in the first example an extra stage occurred between the normal stages IV and V, and this is verified by the changes in markings; for in those that had five stages, the markings changed in the fourth stage, while in this, the fourth stage was like the third and the change did not occur till the fifth stage.* In the second example the fifth stage was abnormally large, so much so that the last four stages, in this case, pre- sent a good series with the ratio .77. and, judging from these stages only, it would certainly be inferred that the species had eight larval stages,f with the following series of widths of head :— caleulated— 377, -1-0, 1.3, 1.75 2.2, -2.8, 3.7, 4.8,mm., ratio.77. Compare with this the last four measurements of the second example. The species of Nadata, then, present examples of variation in the number of larval stages, as well as an abnormal development. It is probable that E¢dema albicosta acts in a similar, though less pro- *In this connection I would like to call attention to my note on Sprtlosoma latipennis (Ent. news, v. 2, p. 115) where it will be seen an extra stage occurred be- tween normal stages VIII and IX, not differing in markings from the stage before it, exactly as in the present instance. These cases are not analogous with such as are exhibited in Orgyia where an extra stage occurs in 9 larvae, for the latter takes place to afford an increase in size. In the present instances the larvae with the extra stage are no larger than those with the normal number, and the stage is interpolated before the final stage instead of occurring after it. t From similar measurements made in the case of N. gibbosa, Linferred that that species had more than six stages (see Psyche, v. 6, p. 147), but this inference is not justified by the facts. It will be found, however» to have occasionally as many as six stages. PSEC LE. [October 1892. nounced manner. f The following descriptions apply to the species of Nadata that is common in the Yosemite Valley, Cal. NADATA OREGONENSIS Butler.§$ 18S1—Butler, Ann. and mag. nat. hist.; ps 207: behrenstt Hy. Edwards. 1885—Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., i, 49. Egg. Rather more than hemispherical, the base flattened; smooth, not shiny, white with a yellowish tinge; diameter 1.2 mm. Under a microscope the surface is seen to be covered with very slight, obscure, rounded depressions, but, in fact, almost smooth. Laid singly on the under side of the leaves of its food plants in early summer. t The series of widths of head as observed by me for Edema albicosta were .40, .70, 1.30, 1.7, 2.3, 3-2, and IL have twice attempted in the pages of Psyche to make them fit a series in regular geometrical progression, but without marked success. A series calculated with the ratio .55 would give—.41, .75, 1.27, 2.30, 4.3, and one with the ratio .73 or thereabout would interpolate a term between each one and give .41, .55, .75, -96, 1.27, 1.7, 2.3, 3-15, 4.3. Thus it might be considered either that the species normally had eight stages (ratio .73 and omitted the second and fourth normal stages, or that it had normally five stages (ratio .55), but interpolated a stage between the third and fourth normal stages, and the measurement in the last stage to correspond with the ratio between those that immediately preceded it. The latter seems the more probable, but the fact is that the growth of the head at the first and second moults is double what it is at the third, fourth and fifth. It isa curious case. reduced § This was described as a variety of WV. doubleday: Pack.; but Mr. Butler writes me under date of June 30, 18g2—"*The types ... have pale creamy buff-colored palpi; quite uniform in tint... ifthere is a brown line above it must be on the second joint, but Ido not think there is one... looking at the moth without a lens you would say the fringe was dark ferruginous on primaries ...and white tipped on interspaces.” These are the characters used to separate WV. gibbosa from D. doubledayt in Dr. Packard’s and Mr. Butler’s words show that his form is not a variety of VV. dowbleday?, but the same as Hy. Edward’s NV. behrenstt. description , October 1892.] Normal stage J. (First larval stage.) Head slightly bilobed, rounded, shining pale greenish with a few hairs; mouth brownish, ocelli black; width 0.75 mm. Body slender, no tubercles or humps, feet normal; smooth, shiny, pale yellowish green. Setae minute, rather long but not evident, color blackish. As the stage advances, great growth takes place, the color becomes green with a yellow subdorsai line much as in the mature larva. The body is transversely creased. Duration of this stage about four days. Normal stage II. Not exhibited in any specimen seen by me and probably does not occur. Normal stage III. (Secondstage.) Head large, slightly bilobed, narrowing a little to vertex and flattened in front; pale green, hardly shiny; mouth white, ocelli and tips of jaws black; width 1.4-1.55 mm. Body slender, smooth, no perceptible hairs; legs normal; green, somewhat shiny, a broad yel- lowish green subdorsal line; spiracles black. Normal stage IV. (Third stage.) Head as before; width 2.0-2.35 mm. Body slender, uniform green; a very distinct, rather broad, pale yellow, subdorsal band from joint 2 to the anal plate; spiracles black, faintly sur- rounded by yellowish. Scattered, very small and short setae. Normal stage IV. (Fourth stage in some larvae.) Head large, flattened in front, very slightly bilobed, smooth, not shiny, pale green ; ocelli black, labrum white, jaws black at tips, otherwise green; width 2.7-2.8 mm. Body transversely creased, leaf green with yellow piliferous dots bearing very small ' setae. A slightly darker dorsal line and broad yellow subdorsal line from joint 2 to the end of the anal plate. Spiracles black with small white centers. Normal stage V. (Fourth or fifth stage.) Head shaped as before, pale green, not shiny, ocelli black on a white ground, labrum white at tip, jaws green tipped with black, antennae yellowish; width 3.2-3.7 mm. Body yellow- ish green with many yellow irregular ellip- or CH. 339 tical granulations and a distinct broad yellow subdorsal line, continuous from joint 2 to joint 13 and bordering the anal plate. which is rounded. Joint 2 yellow in front. centrally. spots. Normal stage VI. (Fifth or sixth stage.) Head full, rounded, slightly shiny, and abso- letely shagreened; partly retracted under joint 2; uniform leaf green, ocelli black on a white ground, mouth parts whitish, jaws straw yellow, tipped with black; clypeus small, triangular; width 4.6-4.8 mm. Body cylindrical, full and rounded, tapering slightly to the last segment which is smalier than the rest, leaf green or whitish green, densely covered with white, irregular, flat- tened elliptical granulations which on the venter become transverse streaks. In speci- mens in which the ground color is suffused with whitish, joint 2, joint 13 posteriorly and the anal feet remain leaf green. A broad, distinct, white subdorsal line, faint on the an- terior part of joint 2. The anterior edge of joint 2 and the border of the anal plate, are bright yellow. Feet green, the abdominal ones covered with white granulations, and a white line before claspers. Spiracles orange red, faintly bordered with white. The edges of the white subdorsal band are not even but more or less incised, on the anterior segments being narrowly broken into contiguous ellip- tical areas, or in some specimens broken throughout the whole length. Cocoon. The larvae enter the ground to pupate and form a rough cocoon of a few strong silken threads. Pupa. Cylindrical, tapering, rather thick posteriorly to the thorax, the ends rounded, most so anteriorly; movable sutures of abdo- long, rather thick, is narrowly edged with Spiracles dark brown, paler Feet green, without any yellow men deep; cremaster tapering and ending in two short divergent points. Body shiny, densely punctured; cases creased and also shiny. Color black with a shade of brown on the abdomen. Length 22 mm.; width 7 mm. 340 Food plant. Black oak (Quercus kelloggit Newberry). Nadata oregonensts is not well dis- tinguished from WV. gtddosa Sm. & Abb., especially in the larval state. It seems to be related to @zbé0sa much as Papilio rutulus is related to P. turnus among the butterflies. Its habitat is very probably coextensive with that of its food plant, which is said to be ‘‘on the coast ranges and on the western PS GETTE. [October 1892. slope of the Sierra Nevada throughout California and as far north as the mid- dle of Oregon; on mountain sides and summits only, orin the elevated valleys, not on the plains or near the sea.”* Mr. Edwards recorded it from Siskiyou and Butte Counties and I found it in Mari- posa County, and at Portland, Oregon but Iam not aware that any record of its capture in the coast ranges has yet been made. +} NOTES ON THE NESTING [HABITS OF CERTAIN BEES: BY A. S. PACKARD, PROVIDENCE, R. I. These notes were made in 1865 to 1867, and were used in writing the chapters in ‘(Our Common Insects” entitled ‘‘The Home of the Bees,” and were also in part utilized in my Guide to the Study of Insects, but the matter here offered for publication has been unpublished. and is perhaps worthy of record. OsMIA SIMILLIMA Smith,—A number of cells of this species were found in a deserted oak-gall of Déplolepis confluentus, individ- uals of both sexes appearing in the house Dec. 14, 1865, while one appeared during the second week of the following April, and lived a week in the breeding box. The earthen cells,eleven in number, were arranged irreg- ularly so as to fit the concave vault of the gall, which was about two inches in diameter. The cells are rudely cylindrical, a third longer than broad, and quite different in ap- pearance from the cells of Odynerus, which are also built in these empty galls. The cells within are shining mahogany-colored, but externally are rough with the debris of the interior of the deserted gall. They differ from the cells of Odynerus in being parch- ment-like, while those of the latter are made of mud thinly lined within with white silk, and those of Osmia are a fourth larger. The insect cuts a longitudinal ovate lid, nearly as large as one side of the cell itself, which is attached to the posterior end by a hinge. Odynerus makes its exit by a hole at the end of its cell. OsMIA PACIFICA Say. — Individuals of both sexes were found in the perfect state in cocoons and earthen cells beneath stones April 15. The cell is halfan inch in length; breadth .28 inch. It is oval cylindrical, a little contracted at the upper ‘end just before the lid, forming an urn-shaped oblique lid, which is flattened and a little depressed at the middle. The cell is thin and composed of black fine earth, and not lined with silk within; the outer surface is not very rough. MEGACHILE CENTUNCULARIS. — The cells or cocoons of what is probably this species are cylindrical, very obtuse at each end, the walls of tough, parchment-like consistency, * E. L. Greene, Illus. of West Amer. oaks, page 2, 1889. t I have recently seen examples of the species in the collection of Prof. Rivers from Napa Co., Cal. and it has been taken at Seattle, Wash., by Johnson. October 1892.] thick and solid, and covered by two or three layers of circular pieces of rose leaves. MEGACHILE SCAEVUS Say.—I find in Dr. T. W. Harris MS. notes, in the library of the Boston Society of Natural History, the following notes on this species. ‘‘Nest under a stone Sept. 11, 1829. Imago, June and July.” MEGACHILE n. sp?.—Six cocoons were found in blackberry stems (probably received from Mr. James Angus) in tunnels just their size. They did not lie very near each other. They are quite tough and thick, and are rounded at one end and squarish at the other. Length .40; breadth .14 inch. MEGACHILE BREVIS Say,—lIts cells are like those of MZ. cextuncularés, but the leaves of which they are made are more loosely placed around the cocoon. The leaves are neither those of the rose or spiraea, and were not identified. This isa small species, with the fore tibiae simple, as are those of JM. tnteger Say. The nest, preserved in the Harris collection, is in the museum of the Boston Society of Natural History. MEGACHILE INTEGER Say. — The nest, also in the Harris collection, is scarcely distin- guishable from those of AZ. centuncularis, though the pieces may be a little larger, and the cells a little more flattened. ENTOMOLOGICAL ITEMS. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell of Jamaica is en- gaged in an investigation upon the insects of Custer County, Colorado, with special refer- ence to the origin of the successive faunas found at different altitudes, based upon his collections while resident there. Itcan hardly fail to give results of considerable general in- terest. Out of fifty-seven specimens of Ofomala brachyptera collected this season in New England by Mr. A. P Morse, seven (2 §, 5¢) have tegmina and wings which extend to the tip of the hind femora, the ancestral form thus appearing to an unexpected degree ; PSYCHE. 541 of twenty-eight specimens in the collection of Mr. S. H. Scudder only one (a @) has wings of this length. The U. S. National museum has recently published as a bulletin a pamphlet of about 150 pages, amply illustrated, containing ad- mirable ‘* Directions for collecting and pre- serving insects,” by Dr. C. V. Riley; it is excellently planned and executed, with many sensible suggestions. A successful visit was made last July by Messrs. S. H. and G. H. Scudder to the summits of the White Mountains to procure the eggs of Oenezs semidea. More than fifty females were captured, and about half of them sent to Mr. W. H. Edwards in West Virginia, the others placed over grass. More than half of those sent to West Virginia reached there alive and were there confined over growing plants, and from all many hundreds of eggs were obtained. Of one lot of over one hundred eggs laid in Cambridge, July 14, every one that was fer- tile hatched on July26. The period may of course be longer on the mountain. Mr. G. H. Scudder found a caterpillar which had just reached the last stage feeding at midday on a blade of Carex, and it has since fed in Cambridge quite as much by day as by night. The friends and admirers of the late Mr. Henry Walter Bates are endeavoring to raise a fund to be presented to his widow as a suitable memorial of their esteem. The first list embraced the names of nearly ninety persens. and £ 377 has been subscribed. Contributions may be sent to S. Wm. Silver, 3 York Gate, Regent’s Park, N. W., London, England. An admirable and account of the life-history of Hypoderma lineata, the ox-bot of the United States, is given by Dr. C. V. Riley in the June number of insect life; Mr. Riley also contributes to the same number a highly important descrip- tion and figure of the first larval stage of Bruchus fabae, showing that it has slender and rather long thoracic legs of a peculiar growing interesting illustiated 342 pattern, lost with the first moult; and he has since pointed out that the same features are found in Bruchus prsi. Late in August Mr. A. P. Morse took a black female of Fasontades glaucus at Green- wich, Conn., the first known capture of this form in New England. The first volume of Mr. W. F. Kirby’s long promised Synonymic catalogue of moths, containing the Sphinges and Bom- byces, has appeared. It makes a stout vol- ume of 951 pages and is carried out in the same way as his catalogue of Butterflies. It will prove of much service. Mr. Kirby has also issued a new edition of his Elementary text book of entomology, but beyond brief notes about some of the insects figured and the addition of an index, it scarcely differs from the first. The eleventh part of Moore’s Lepidoptera Indica leaves the work still confined to the Satyrinae; this part is almost entirely de- POC TH Fe. [October 1892. voted to species of Debis and Lethe; besides the separation of wet and dry season forms in two species of Debis and the early stages of two species of Lethe there is little to interest the general reader; but it is full of geograph- ical details, and contains, as usual, a com- plete summary of all that has been recorded of each species. The closing pages of the second volume of Dr. Gundlach’s Entomologia Cubana have just reached this country; they deal with the Orthoptera, from which we find that he credits Cuba with 146 species, divided as follows: Forficulidae, 8; Blattidae, 42; Mantidae, 8; Phasmidae, 14; Acrididae, 20; Locustidae, 23; Gryllidae, 31. How different the proportional numbers are from what would be found in any state of the Union, even Florida! On p. 292 of the July number of Psyche, in line 15 of the table, for ‘‘indistinct” read Sdistinets: The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 vez. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & €O:, 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. RHOPALOCERA. Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. Vo post cards. Dr. J. T. T. REED, Ryhope, Sunderland, England. ADVERTISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or fcr cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts of the U. S._ Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. 15 Street, N. Y. City. THE NEW ENGLAND SPIDERS, By J. H. EMERTON. In seven parts from the Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences Vols. VI, VII and VIII containing descriptions of 340 species with 1400 figures. Price for the whole $6.00, or either part sold separately. Sent by mail on receipt of price. J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass. moo «11 i A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol. 6. No. 199, NovEMBER, 1892. CONTENTS: SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN Harris, SAY AND PICKERING.—VII : ° 345 THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus.—VI1.—Samuel H. Scudder . : : 5 347 PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHEOSIA PORTLANDIA Hy. Epw.—H. G. Dyar . - : 351 OviIpPosITION OF A HomopTrERous INSECT IN YuccA.—C. H. Tyler Townsend . 3 353 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CamBripGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc. [Entered as secend class mail matter.] o44 PST CHE. {November 189z- Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. BS Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. JE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription ts as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, zf o7- dered at the time of sending copy, : Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, . 2c. Separates, with changes of form—actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. f= Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. Je Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. ‘The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, zot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, . : - $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . 6 75 .60 Quarter “ e Se 5 T.25) 43:00 Half i a i : c a 225 ele One i tar Ss eo 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais re? pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ‘the North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen,1890._ . 3 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 4 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (cons taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 0 0 - 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names a gS for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. Seudder, S. Ho: The pine- noth of Nene tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of I.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. : c 6 5.00 U. S. Entomological Commission. Bulletins, INOS) 15) 2545) 5310507, c 0 q =) §£-00 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any Janguage I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed ‘Tachinidae wanted in. ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico —_—_—_—— SY ORL. SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN HARRIS, SAY AND PICKERING.— VII. [PICKERING TO SAY. | SALEM, Nov. 14, 1825. Dear Sir, I received your letter, dated Oct. 12th, by mail in due season: of that white Pieris I have but a single specimen which is, I believe, a male, though it is so much injured that I will not be certain about it; it apparently differ from that which I sent you which is as good a specimen as could be procured; occurred frequently and within a short does not aseathex- species distance I most probably saw both sexes, and if there were any difference between them, at all conspicuous, I should have observed it: my attention was so much distracted by botany during my short visit to the White hills that I neglected the insects more than [ and besides my ought to have done whole collection of minute insects was lost, so that I did not bring home above a hundred species. Ofthese I will mention a few trusting that you will excuse me, if they prove to be familiar to you, as my opportunities of becoming acquainted with American insects limited, amounting principally to Turton’s Linnaeus. I expect to get access to your publications this Winter. A species of Nothiophilus (not dis- tinguishable by a short description from are at present very however N. aquaticus of Europe) occurred on the bald part of the mountains to the very apex of Mount Washington. At the same locality I took a Thanasimus, differing from the description of T. formicarius in having the anterior fourth of the thorax black —its length is a little over a fifth of an inch. 1. The perfect insect, line above natural size. 2, The hind tarsus. 3. Last joint of thetarsus. 4. Front. view ofthe head. 5. Elyt. On the road through the Notch I found a Cimbex — length of the body nearly one inch, tergum__ black-blue with a yellow spot on each side of the 5,6, and 7 segments, wings fuscous at the middle and tip, it is a female. The insect of which I send you a sketch* I am unable to refer to any genus I can find described; it belongs to the family Cantharidae ; it differs from Lytta in having the head gradually tap- ering behind the eyes into an indistinct *[ Determined by Mr. Samuel Henshaw as Cepha/loon ungulare Lec.] 346 neck, and narrower than the thorax ; the description of the antennae of Zonitis does not apply as you will see; and the elytra are not abruptly attenuated as in Apalus (with the habit of the two last genera I am unacquainted) ; the outer division of the nails serrated beneath; a single specimen was taken on flowers of the Heracleum lanatum on the sides of the White M. If any of these prove new to you I will send you drawings in the Spring. My collection of insects is not at present very extensive amounting to not above 1500 species collected by myself in this vicinity. Of those insects described by you in the appendix of Major Long’s 2nd expedition I have the following, Cistela sericea, Spectrum femoratum (my specimen is also a male), Chaulio- des serricornis, Dolerus inornatus, D. arvensis, Foenus tarsatorius, Sigalphus A MerITED Honor. Rarely in these times do the great univer- sities of the world confer their highest honors upon students of the natural sciences; far more rarely has it been that such honors have been conferred upon those whose merits have been won by investigations in systematic entomology. The more noteworthy, hence, is the bestowal, recently, by the University of Heidelberg, of the honorary degree of Doctor of Natural Science, on Baron C. R. v. Osten Sacken—‘‘qui de scientia entomo- logica excolenda, novisque rationibus illus- tranda optime meruit.” The honor was all the greater because it required the unanimous approval of the Faculty conferring it. It is an honor well deserved, and none will rejoice over it more than the American entomolo- gists, and especially the American dipterole- gists. PS TCH. [ November 1892. sericeus, Chalcis microgaster, Tiphia inornata, Pompilus fascipennis, Cero- pales bipunctata, Eumenes fraterna. Mr. Little of Boston has taken two or three specimens of your Clytus specio- sus near that place, and Mr. Oakes of Danvers has also taken a specimen. Under the bark of rotten pine stumps I have several times met with the mol- luscous animal which I have sketched— in its living state it seems to differ from Limax in the complete destitution of a shield, but in specimens preserved in spirits it is seen that the shield covers the whole of the upper part of the body taking the place that the cloak usually does? subgenera of Cuvier. It does not agree with any of the I should like to know whether you are acquainted with this animal in Philadelphia. Yours, CHARLES PICKERING. Baron Osten Sacken’s work has been chiefly related to American dipterology, but the ripe fruits of his wide experience, and broad grasp of principles have enriched all dipterology, and, I believe, all entomology. Others there are and have been who have won enviable honors in systematic dipter- ology; others who have written more ex- tensively than he, but no one has written more that will be appreciated in the future than has Baron Osten Sacken. His work has not been free from error, for thatis im- possible, but it has always been conscientious and rich with suggestions. However radicallv one may differ from him in certain of his views, their cogency will not be questioned. Baron Osten Sacken’s health has not been good for some years past, but his friends will rejoice that it has of late improved, and will hope for many papers from his pen yet to appear. S. W. Williston. November 1892. ] (Continued from page 336). This species so far as known is con- fined to the northern half of the United States in the general vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. Specimens before me come from the upper Missouri and Yellowstone (F. V. Hayden), explora- tions in Dakota under Gen. Sully (S. M. Rothhammer), Nevada (H. Ed- wards), Utah (P. R. Uhler), about Rangeley on the lower White River, western Colorado (S. H. Scudder), Colorado, 5500', probably at the eastern edge of the foot-hills (H. K. Morrison, in S. Henshaw’s coll. and my own), and Yuma, Arizona, collected by Wick- ham (Bruner). I have seen but two specimens with red hind wings, both females from Rangeley, Colorado. Hipriscus (X.) TOLTECUS. Xanthip pus toltecus Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., gI-92. If I have correctly identified Saus- He I have sure’s species it has a wide range. records it from Mexico alta. seen specimens from Spring Lake Villa, Utah Co., Utah, Aug. 1-4 (E. Palmer), Helena, Montana. June 21 (A. S. Packard), and Laramie River, Wyom- ing, (L. Bruner.) Hippiscus (X.) ALTIVOLUS sp. nov. Dark obscure brownish fuscous, not very robust and of small size. Head dull dirty cinereous with numerous more or less clus- tered blackish points, most abundant above; PSLTCHE, 347 summit relatively broad, scarcely at all tumid, subrugulose, the vertical fastigium indistinct from the low and dull bounding walls, closed behind by the arcuate incurving of the lateral walls, separated distinctly from the tolerably deep, biareolate median foveola; lateral foveolae rather small, triangular, subequiangular; frontal costa of moderate breadth, fading and not expanding below, but little contracted at summit, broadly and shallowly sulcate throughout. Prothorax but slightly expanding on the metazona, the dorsal area plane, scarcely indentate at the front margin of the metazona, sparsely verrucose and in addition abun- dantly but bluntly and obscurely arenaceous; process rectangulate; median carina low, subequal, not arched; lateral carinae tolera- bly pronounced; lateral lobes bluntly subru- gulose on the metazona, marked with a large subquadrate blackish spot on the prozona. Tegmina very short, extending when at rest but little beyond the hind femora, dirty cin- ereous with obscure dark brownish fuscous transverse more or less blended bands, broader than the intermediate ashen ground, and therefore occupying much the larger space even on the apical half which is scarcely atall vitreous; sutural stripe obscure testaceous. Wings pale dull citron at base with similar reticulation, subvitreous apically with black reticulation and between a strongly arcuate, moderately narrow, blackish fulig- inous band which narrows in passing toward the anal angle, which it fails to reach, and does not narrow above; it lies entirely in the apical half of the wing, leaves four marginal lobes free, and appears not to be at all sepa- rated from the humeral vitta whose outer limit is in oblique continuation of its outer curve and which reaches almost to the base; the basal half of the costal margin is testa- ceous. Hind femora brownish cinereous externally, with rather obscure oblique brownish stripes, the inferior surface dull coral red like the tibiae which are more or 348 less pallid on the sides and basally above; spines black tipped. Length of body, 32.5 mm.; of tegmina, 20 mm. Described from 1 9. After describing the above female I received a male through the kindness of Mr. Bruner which differs from the female in general appearance much as do the males from the females in A. (X.) Pumilus. I may add that the lighter markings of the tegmina are slightly more distinct and better defined and the fuscous band of the wings (which are pale red at the base) is de- cidedly broader than in the 9 and is re-enforced by quadrate cellular fuscous spots in the otherwise hyaline apex. Length of body, 20 mm. ; of tegmina, Ig mm. Taken by me on the side of Mt. Lin- coln, Colorado, above timber, between 11000-13000! above sea-level, Aug. 13, and by Mr. Bruner at Como, Colorado, (about 9500’) July 16. It appears therefore to be an alpine form. Hippriscus (X.) CUPIDUS sp. nov. Similar to the last but a much larger species and of a robust form. Dark cinereo- fuscous. Head cinereous on the cheeks, blackish fuscous above and to a considerable extent in front, especially on the sides of the frontal costa; summit broad, slightly tumid, longitudinally rugulose, the vertical fas- tigium hexagonal with distinct and some- what prominent lateral walls, partially closed with lower walls behind, with a median ca- rina in its posterior half (which extends over the summit), more deeply impressed on its anterior than on its posterior half, but PST CHE. [ November 18q2. partially open to the subquadrate biareolate median foveola; lateral foveolae small, dis- tinct, triangular; frontal costa broad, rather deeply sulcate throughout, but little con- tracted above and hardly more than below the ocellus, widely expanding at the base and not there evanescent; antennae blackish, paling at the base. Prothorax stout and massive, the prozona distinctly tectiform but tumid, the metazona plane but longitudinally a little arcuate and centrally tumid, rather deeply impressed at the principal sulcus, the whole dorsal surface verrucose and briefly and longitudinally rugulose, but nowhere crowded with elevations; median carina moderately high and more or less arched in each of its divisions, greatly subdued between the sulci; lateral carinae distinct and rather sharp, particularly at the principal sulcus; lateral lobes bluntly verruculose.especially on the metazona, with a large. median, glabrous, subquadrate black patch having a quadrate cinereous patch in the lower posterior quad- rant; process of metazona_ rectangulate. Tegmina only reaching as far as the hind femora, stout, blackish fuscous, paling a little distally, with distinct, small, bright cinereous, triangular markings, besides cine- reous stripes along the lines of the principal nearly attingent veins, all having the same effect as the pantherine markings common in this group. Wings pale citron at base with similar reticulation and along the basal half of the front margin, vitreous apically with black reticulation and more or less fuliginous at tip, with a strongly arcuate, median, fulig- inous band moderately far from the margin and separated only by a citron vein from the humeral vitta, which is in oblique continua- tion of its outer limit, and extends to the base of the wing, a blackish marginal stigma at its outer limit. Hind femora very broad with high carinae, cinereous with three strongly oblique blackish bars narrowest and darkest below, very broad above, the inner and inferior surface coral red; tibiae dull coral red, more or less infuscated on the November 1892.] sides with cinereous carinae; spines black tipped. Length of body, 37 mm.; of tegmina, 25 mm. Described from 1 9 inthe collection of Mr. Lawrence Bruner, taken on the Pinal Mountains of Arizona. It is ap- parently an alpine form. Hippiscus (X.) PUMILUS sp. ncv. Very dark brown with generally slight cin- ereous shades, of rather a slender form (the ? more robust) and of a small size. Head tolerably tumid and moderately broad above, very variable in abundance and prominence of rugosities, but which are never very pro- nounced; darkest above, the face and cheeks often pallid cinereous flecked with fuscous, sometimes collected into short oblique stripes on the posterior part of the head; vertex of fastigium distinct and plane with sharp but low bounding walls, broader in @ than in g where it is usually longer than broad, rarely closed behind, the lateral walls usually regularly arcuate with a slight ten- dency to a median angle; median carina generally terminating in the middle of the fastigium ; lateral foveolae subtriangular, con- siderably longer than broad, rather shallow; median foveola variable, sometimes obsolete, sometimes biareolate and distinct from verti- cal fastigium only by being at a lower level; frontal costa moderately narrow, narrowed at summit, sulcate, sometimes through its whole extent and then continuous with and suppressing the median foveola, sometimes not affecting the summit, the lower portion expanding more or less and finally obsolete. Antennae shorter than (2 ), or more than half as long again as (@) the head and prothorax together, luteo-fuscous at base, blackish fuscous beyond, distinctly tapering only in the last three or four joints in the @, in at least the latter fifth and cochleate in the @. PST CHE. 349 Prothorax compressed and expanding very slightly in the @, robustand expanding con- siderably in the 2, the prozona subtectiform, the metazona plane and in the Q a little tumid centrally, with scattered slight, short, linear verrucosities inclined in various direc- tions and besides but few granulations; a broad bent pallid or cinereous band on either side, often obsolete; median carina slight and equal; lateral carinae distinct and rather sharp but not prominent; upper portion of lateral lobes of prozona black or blackish with a superior oblique pallid dash and a median posterior quadrate pallid spot. Teg- mina blackish brown with pale cinereous markings often almost wholly obliterated except some slight spots and streaks along the costal margin and a narrow transverse stripe crossing the base of the outer discoidal area; generally also with a triangular patch depending from the costal margin and ex- tending, sometimes interrupted, across the middle of the inner discoidal area, with an- other slender stripe midway between this and the outer stripe and connected with the latter by a stripe following the base of the anterior ulnar nervule; but sometimes increased in extent-and in number by multiplication of other, sometimes sinuous, transverse stripes, especially in the apical half and in the upper portion of the extreme base so that the ground is about equally divided between the two colors and the markings assume some- what the distribution which prevails in H. (X.) afiictus; there is a broad conspicuous bright flavous sutural stripe and the brown axillary field is usually immaculate. Wings very pale citron or salmon red at base with corresponding reticulation, vitreous apically, the extreme apex sometimes maculate, with black reticulation and a fuliginous median arcuate band, which is generally fainter and narrower in the @ than in the @, where it is sometimes blackish fuliginous, and varies from a width hardly equal to more than one of the interspaces (when it may escape the border altogether) to a broad band more 350 or less confused with the more or less fulig- inous maculate apex, and when not so con- fused generally leaving three or four marginal lobes free; it is separated distinctly by a pale yellow line from the humeral vitta which extends from its outer margin almost or quite to the base, leaving on the basal half of the costal margin a yellowish line. Hind femora more or less pallid, lighter or darker cinereous externally, traversed by three strongly oblique blackish bands, within coral red blotched heavily with black, beneath like the tibiae coral red, the outer side of the latter more or less pallid, the spines black tipped; but the brighter colors may vary all the way from coral red to luteous. Length of body, &, 1824.5 mm., Q, 26.5-35 mm.; of tegmina @, 17-23 mm., 2, 20-26 mm. Described from 51 6,5 @. This is mainly a Coloradan species taken at the height of S—gooo’ (Morri- son in S. Henshaw’s, L. Bruner’s col- lections and my own). at Florissant, (June, S. H. Scudder; June 13-15, R. Thaxter), and South Park, 8-goo0’ (June 16-23, R. Thaxter). Bruner, however, sends me also specimens from Taos Valley, N. Mex., and says it also occurs at Ft. Grant, Arizona. Only one specimen,a Q from South Park, has red wings. ;lrppiscus (X.) ALBULUS sp. nov. Fusco-cinereous, of moderately robust form and small size. Head pretty large and tumid, especially in the 9, cinereous, infuscated above and marked interruptedly with small blackish brown on all prominences below the eyes including a narrow oblique stripe across the cheeks; summit of head faintly rugulose with faint divergent shallow spots PS TCTLE: {November 1892. sulcations extending backward from the pos- terior limit of the fastigium of the vertex; this deeply hollowed, with high and thin bounding walls, open behind, and in front scarcely separated from the deep, faintly biareolate, not very broad, median foveola ; median carina slight, reaching the middle of the fastigium; lateral foveolae triangular, rather pronounced; frontal costa of moderate breadth, strongly contracted at summit and less so below the ocellus, sulcate throughout. Pronotum compact, considerably expanded on the metazona, rather sparsely and mod- erately verruculose and also rather faintly arenaceous, the metazona plane, the process rather Jess than rectangulate, the median carina rather slight, nearly straight, obsolete between the sulci and here accompanied by a distinct discal scutellum, the lateral carinae stout, heavy, distinct, and extended; sides of dorsum with diverging pallid bands in the & ; lateral lobes of pronotum pallid or cine- reous, heavily blotched with black. Tegmina with distinctly pantherine markings made up about equally of dark brown and pallid cine- reous colors, the former prevailing and blending on the posterior, the latter on the anterior half of the tegmina; they are mostly transverse, but a single oblique small brown bar in the middle of the tegmina in an other- wise broad pallid patch lies at the base of the outer discoidal field; the sutural stripe is pallid cinereous. Wings pallid, perhaps in life pale citron at base with corresponding reticulation, pellucid apically with black reti- culation, the @ witha slight trace of extreme apical infuscation, the space between, wholly in the apical half of the wing, with a narrow, strongly arcuate, more or less distinct, fuliginous band, tapering along the outer margin and not nearly reaching the anal angle, narrowing also to some extent above, in the 9 obsolescent, and leaving only about three marginal lobes free; it is separated by a clear line from the humeral vitta which, though it reaches nearly to the base, extends outward hardly beyond the inner limit of the November 1892. ] PREPARATORY BY HARRISON G. PHEOSIA PORTLANDIA Edwards. 1886.— Hy. Edw., Ent. Pheosia. 1891. — Smith, List lep., No. descheret Neumoegen. 1892. — Neum., Can. ent., xxiv, 227, Wofo- donta. ; Egg.— Hemispherical, the base flat; not shining, whitish green; diameter 1.2 mm. Under the microscope it appears densely covered with minute white granulations, except at the micropyle, where is a single larger granulation, surrounded by a _ pale green ring, from which the granulations are absent. The granulations are larger in the area immediately around the micropyle, and diminish in size towards the base of the egg, becoming very minute and almost lost on the under side. The larva hatches by eating a semicircular hole in the side of the egg, leaving the rest of the shell. laid singly on the leaves. First stage. — Head slightly bilobed, black and shining; labrum paler, slightly whitish ; a few pale hairs; width 0.65 mm. Joint 12 is hardly perceptibly enlarged dorsally ; body cvlindrical, diminishing a little in size pos- teriorly; no traces of a caudal horn; feet normal, the anal pair used in walking. Color pale white, cervical shield and thoracic feet black, abdominal feet, except the last pair, blackish outwardly; setiferous dots colorous, the setae pale, short. As the stage advances the anal plate, all the abdominal feet outwardly and the piliferous dots become black. The dots are large and distinct, row I on joints 5-12 almost in line with row 2 except that on joint 12 there is a single large dorsal dot instead of row 1 but it bears two setae ; row 3 lateral; rows 4 and 5 subventral, smaller. Joint 12 becomes more enlarged, 168, amer., ii, 1287. Eggs con- PST CHE. SPAGES OF PHEOSIA PORTLANDIA Hy. 351 Epw. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. but there is still no horn, till just at the end of the stage a purplish shade appears about the dorsal dot. A row of subventral purplish spots appears and the body becomes greenish. Second stage.—UHead hardly _bilobed, rounded, narrowing a little to vertex; smooth vertices of lobes nearly black, labrum whitish, jaws and ocelli black; width 1.0 mm. Body slender, cylin- drical, with a short, rounded, conical process on joint 12 dorsally, bearing the two setae of shining pale brownish, row 1 almost at its vertex; other setae fine, blackish, situated as before, their bases very slightly elevated but not discolored. Body pale whitish green, thoracic feet blackish with a dark red subventral line along their bases, represented by small spots above the abdominal feet. Process on joint 12 faintly Cervical shield and anal plate not Later a yellowish shade purplish. distinguishable. appears substigmatally, the subventral band below it is purplish, broken, occurring on the bases of the legs. Abdominal feet green, tinged with purplish on the outside. Third stage. — Head rounded, and narrow- ing a little above, very slightly bilobed, flattened in front so that the lateral outline is nearly triangular; straw yellow, not shining, ocelli and jaws inwardly brown, labrum whitish; width 1.6 mm. Body cylindrical, joint 12 enlarged and bearing a fleshy process in the shape of a horn, 0.4 mm. long and directed straight upward. Setae short, pale, row 1 on joint 12 diverging from the horn before its tip, their concolorous bases slightly elevated and, under a lens, with a minute black dot. Color uniform pale green, yel- lowish at the interrupted purplish red band along the bases of the legs, most well developed on the thoracic Spiracles black, narrowly paler sides with an segments. cad 302 centrally. Feet pale, purplish tinged out- wardly; horn reddish. Later the spiracles are surrounded by whitish, outside which is a faint purplish space, which on joint 3 extends over the dorsum. Horn o.8 mm. At the end of the stage, the purplish shading overspreads the whole lateral region, but is sharply defined above subdorsally, leaving the dorsum broadly green. Joint 2 is all green, as is the venter between the legs. A faint line reaches straight up from the spiracle on joint 12 to the horn. Fourth stage. —Wead shaped as_ before, yellowish green, slightly mottled with brown on the sides of the front; ocelli brown, jaws brownish, antennae reddish, labrum whitish; width 2.4 mm. long. Body slender, joint 12 en- larged, with a thick, conical, fleshy horn from a very large base, rounded at the tip, pointing straight up and bearing two minute divergent setae; length about 1 mm. The setae on the body arise from small, con- colorous, rounded, shining warts, row 3 '- rather conspicuous, the rest minute. Dorsum broadly bright green, except on joints 2 and - 3, where it is shaded with purplish brown in a dorsal line extending over joint 3 laterally. Lateral region, subdorsal to substigmatal. shaded with purplish, bordered below by a heavier shade and emphasized on the bases of all the feet, except the anal, by a nearly black shade. Feet purplish; venter green; horn purplish brown with a line running down to the spiracle. Spiracles black, white centrally and surrounded by a broad white ring, except the one on joint 2. Anal plate large, green, but quite smooth and incon- spicuous. Later, a livid purplish tint spreads slightly over the body, and there is less contrast between the dorsal and lateral regions. The horn is 2 mm. long, and is colored livid purplish with a dark purple ‘ brown stripe down the side, running behind the spiracle. Fifth stage. — Head green, but covered shaped with a as before; shade except over the clypeus and a space immedi- brown LS TC FAP: {November 1892, ately around it, densely mottled with green spots; jaws brownish, ocelli minute, black, labrum pale; width 3.9 mm. Body smooth, setae very minute, joint 12 much enlarged, the horn very well developed, becoming 3 mm. long and thick at base; anal plate large, nearly circular, excavated anteriorly, coarsely granular with a knob-like prominence in the center. Body at first nearly green, but overspread with a livid purplish shade, a band over joint 3, lines on the feet on joints 7-10 and a stripe from vertex of horn to sub- ventral region purplish black. Bases of horn before and behind the black stripe, pinkish. Anal plate green with reddish border. Thoracic feet reddish. Spiracles white in a narrow black border, surrounded by white and outside this by a purplish black ring. Abdominal feet red each side of the black line. As the stage advances, the head and body become shining, light, livid, greenish purple, marked as before; venter centrally green; anal plate entirely reddish, deep red on the circumference. The black stripes become paler, the spiracles entirely black inside of their white border. Still later a diffuse, but evident, ocher yellow substig- matal line appears, ending abruptly on the lower side in a greenish shade, reaching up above half-way on the spiracles. The purple color of the body is very pale and becomes more and more livid and greenish. Length of larva 50 mm. Cocoon. — The larva went just beneath the surface of the ground and formed a cell lined with silk. Pupa.— Cylindrical, rounded at both ends, thickest through the 4th abdominal segment. Cases comparatively small, wrinkled; cre- master, two short thick spines, some distance apart which point outwardly at an angle from the body. Color very dark brown, black on the cases and the back. Length 21 min.; width 7 mm. Food plant. — Willow (Salix). Larvae from Portland, Oregon. : The moths differ from Pheosta dimidiata November 1892. ] H.-S. in that the fore wings are much darker. The male has no white markings except the apical streak, and the transverse lines, usual in the Notodontidae, can be seen faintly crossing the wing, while in P. démidiata they are quite obsolete except at the internal margin. ‘T. a. line very faint, defined by the inner edge of the black cellular patch, obso- PSYCHE 353 lete below median vein, but below submedian fold very distinct, white, sharply produced inward and bordering the fawn colored patch. T. p. line from costa along discal cross vein, either straight or sharply dentate on the veins, lost between veins 2and 3, but distinct on internal margin in a short white dash, reaching internal vein. e OMIT OSIZION OF A HOMOPTEROUS INSECT IN YUCCA. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. On May 15, 1891, a grayish homopterous insect, one of the Fulgoridae, or lantern-flies, was found very numerous on leaves of Yucca angustifolia. It was also found on Y. mac- rocarpa (?)*. Specimens are determined by Dr. Uhler as Oecleus decens Stal. At the same date on which the insects were found, it was noticed that the leaves of Y. angustifolia were largely covered with very small patches of a pure white, woolly or cottony, fluffy material, arranged in more or less irregular rows. They were found to be punctures consisting of slightly raised swell- ings of the surface of the leaf, each swelling being marked by this cottony covering. They exhibited much the general appearance, at first sight, of colonies of a small white cottony scale. These are the egg-punctures. They are always placed on the upper side of the leaf, and usually, if not always, near the tip or point. Superficial examination shows only this woolly, snow-white, fluffy sub- stance, apparently containing nothing, but covering the slightly raised puncture in the leaf. The above fulgorid was found wherever this woolly material occurred, on and about it, and consequently raised the question in my mind of some connection between the two. usually On May 21, the punctures were carefully examined and found to contain eggs. The * This species may be Y. baccata. egg measures # mm. in length, by } mm. in width. Examination on May 15 had dis- closed no eggs whatever, and I imagine that they were not yet all deposited at that date. The presence of the insects would perhaps indicate that they were in the act of ovipos- iting and preparing the leaves for the recep- tion of the eggs. The leaves of Y. macro- carpa (?) contained, at that date, no punctures. Though Ihave not at any time observed the insects making these punctures, I still feel confident that the latter belong to this fulgorid, since there is no other insect frequenting the Yuccas that could make them. I may add that I have found the abdominal saws or pincers of a female specimen with some of the same white fluffy substance still adhering to them. On May 31, plants of Yucca augustifolia were found to be thickly oviposited in. Some plants had the tips of nearly every leaf covered with the white fluffy material. Numbers of this insect were present, many of them on the punctured portions. On June 2, similar egg punctures were found on the leaves of Yucca macrocarfa (?) marked by the same woolly material. Three specimens of an Oecleus, which Dr. Uhler says is the same as O. decens, were found clustered on the woolly punctures. They were, however, decidedly smaller than those previously found, and which had occurred only on Y. angustifolia. Iwas inclined to 354 consider them a distinct species, since they were of uniform size among themselves. Only one specimen of this smaller kind had been found before this date, but it was taken, May 30, onan isolated plant of 2% angustz- folia, alone and solitary. I will therefore not attempt to prove any distinction between thétwo forms, which may be only the two sexes of the same species, and apparently are from an examination of the genitalia. The punctures are sometimes placed in rows, but usually only when near the tips of the narrow leaves of Y. angustifolia. They are most often massed together over the whole upper distal surface of the leaf, and are always placed very closely together. Each patch or tuft of the cottony substance which marksa puncture is usually from $mm. to 1 mm. in diameter, and about 2 mm. thick or slightly more. This white, fluffy material is extremely PS XiGE Te, [November 1892 fine in texture, and I was at first inclined to believe that it was simply the natural very fine and silken fiber of the Yucca leaf, carded out by the ovipositor of the female Oecleus. Were this so, it would be quite interesting as exhibiting in a state of nature the beautiful, delicate, silken fiber which these plants are capable of yielding. I believe, however, that it is a juice, either from the leaf or from the insect, probably the former, which hardens on exposure to the air. It is seem- ingly soluble in water, and is probably only the hardened sap of the Yucca leaf. In conclusion, it might be said that the constant watchfulness with which the Oecleus seems to attend upon and frequent the vicin- ity of its egg-punctures, even after the eggs have for days been deposited, is suggestive of a motherly instinct and seems a manifes- tation of parental care in the hatching of the young. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 xe?. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN: & CO; RHOPALOCERA. Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. Vo post cards. DRea) Ll REED: Ryhope, Sunderland, England. ADVERTISEMENT. Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or fer cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts of the U.S. Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. 15 Street, N. Y. City. 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. THE NEW ENGLAND SPIDERS. By J. H. EMERTON. In seven parts from the Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences Vols. VI, VII and VIII containing descriptions of 340 species with r4oo figures. Price for the whole $6.00, or either part sold separately. Sent by mail on receipt of price. J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass. =~ JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol. 6. No. 200. DECEMBER, 1892. CONTENTS: SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN Harris, SAY AND PICKERING.—VIII (Concl.). 357 THE ORTHOPTERAN GENUS Hippiscus.—VII (Concluded).—Samuel H. Scudder. . 359 PREPARATORY STAGES OF CLISIOCAMPA EROSA STRETCH.—Harrison G. Dyar . : 364 A LoweER SILURIAN INSECT FROM SWEDEN : : : ‘ ‘ , : 365 ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTEs (A new catalogue of Hemiptera; the illness of Dr. Hagen; enumeration of Iowa insects; the young of mole-crickets; Humbert’s posthu- mous work on Myriapoda) . : : F F : : ‘ c , : 365 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB ‘ : ; : : 366 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS. 2oc. {Entered as second class mail matter. ]} 356 Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. f= Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed, TE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, wzthout change of form, to the author of any leading article, 2/ 07- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, A 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. See Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, fe Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors.’ Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $o.10 $0.08 Kighth page, first insertion, . : e75 .60 Inside Quarter “ Ss “a: 5 1.25 1.00 Half : i“ - ob 6 BBS 25/8 One “ “ “ 4 . 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, : Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. PSYCHE. [December 1892. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais Nee pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ithe North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. . ; 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 I.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (eons taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1,00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p., 1 plate .so Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names a for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. Scudder, S. H. The pine- Sain Ge iS te tucket, Retinia frustrana, col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of T.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 ° a x.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00 105 3 Ec oa Commission. Bulletins, NOoS.a 2,4, 5,6 5 1.00 —Fourth pore Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed ‘Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. BS Y OE Fi. SOME OLD CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN HARRIS, SAY AND PICKERING.— VIII. [HARRIS TO SAY. | CAMBRIDGE, Mass. March 21, 1834. To Tuos. Say Esa. Dear Sir, On the 27th November I wrote to give you information that my long-promised collection of insects was shipped in a large case, in the Tarquin from Boston for New-Orleans. I have since received a receipt for the same from Mr. Jos. Barabino, dated N. O. January 15th, enclosed in a letter from my friend Vose, who tells methat Mr. B. will pay every necessary attention in forwarding the collection safely to you; & I therefore presume that you must, long before this, have received it. As it is possible that my letter may not have reached you I shall repeat, what I therein stated, that a succession of domestic afflictions pre- vented me from complying with my promise to you until November last, but that my love for Entomology still remains, & with it an increased desire to obtain your kind assistance in deter- mining many of the insects sent to you. Of the collection (consisting in all of 1970 specimens, or about 1800 species, ) 1202 insects are for yourself; the re- mainder, being wzzégwes from my cab- inet, you will please to return as soon after examining them as youcan. I hope you will let the numbers remain attached to all of these insects for the present, even to those which are for yourself; & I must beg you, in particular, to keep the uniques in the boxes in which they are sent during the time you may find it necessary to them. Red tickets are attached to a number of insects, which were presented to me by Mr. J. W. Randall, (a student in the University, who has a good collec- retain tion of native insects of this vicinity,) & who is desirous of describing them if In the Mss catalogue I have endeavoured to give the specific names of the first describers, whenever known to me, notwithstanding that they might be less commonly received than other The same has been done in new. names. the printed catalogue, made out about two years ago for Prof. Hitchcock, & printed last autumn almost without alteration or correction. This brings me to the present object of my letter, which is to solicit your immediate at- 358 tention to the collection, with a view to enable me to revise, correct, & enlarge the catalogue of insects attached to Prof. Hitchcock’s ‘‘Survey of Massa- chusetts’”, of which he has just informed me a new edition will be issued in the course of 2 or 3months. Do not, I beg you, disappoint me in this matter, for I know that the catalogue is very imper- fect, & in many instances may be incor- rect. Typographical errors you will discover in it; for these however I am not answerable; but, for the credit of American Science, I do hope that you will help me to give a better & longer list of the insects of Massachusetts, which the collection sent to you will undoubtedly enable you to do. In the case is a blank catalogue, prepared with numbers corresponding to the insects themselves, & to the Mss catalogue, in order to save you some trouble & to obviate mistakes & omissions ; & ample space is left in it for any remarks you may be willing to add to the names. As fast as you fill up the sheets of this catalogue please enclose them in an envelope & forward them to me by mail. In cases where you entirely agree with me in the name you can, if you prefer, merely write yes against the numbers: — where I have expressed a doubt (?), if the name nevertheless be right, you may say yes w7th’t doubt; in all other cases I rely upon the informa- tion you may give alone, having hitherto been unable to ascertain the names, or having merely given names myself to supposed nondescripts. PST CHE. [ December 1892. I believe that I have already thanked you for the specimens of Cremas- tocheilus you sent to me —two of them came unbroken, but the others were injured by the crushing of the little bit of wood in which they were enclosed; still I was enabled from the fragments to ascertain that one of them was a new species. The description with figures of these insects ought to have appeared long ago; but the Boston Society of Natural History has delayed publishing until this spring, not for the want of matter, but from a desire of increasing their cabinet, library, & other means, before undertaking so serious a project as the publication Journal. Scientific The first number, however, is now in press, & the 2d, which is to contain my paper, will soon follow, & will be forwarded to you. With the insects sent to you I also sent a few shells, the papers containing which were numbered. Of these you will take note, &, at your entire leisure, I shall be glad to have you give me the names corresponding to these numbers. And now, my dear Sir, I have im- posed upon your friendship & your love of sciencea heavy task — but how could IThelp it? I only wish that it were in my power to do something for you in return. In the hope, whatever may have been my apparent delinquency, that you will now fully exonerate me from wilful negligence, & will favor me with a speedy reply, I subscribe myself Your friend & serv’t T. Wo. Harris. Ora: December 1892. ] (Concluded from page 350.) arcuate band, the more or less pallid costal margin faintly infuscated next the outer limit of the vitta. Hind femora with the inferior carina strongly arcuate, the outer face pallid, more or less strongly marked with three broad, oblique, blackish bands, beneath like the tibiae and tarsi, very pale luteous, the spines black tipped. Length of body, g, 22 mm., 2, 28 mm.; of tegmina, @, 24 mm., 2, 26 mm. Described from 1 ¢, 1 9, taken in the Prescott Mountain District, central Arizona, by Dr. Edward Palmer. Hippiscus(X.) LATEFASCIATUS sp. nov. Very dark brownish fuscous, marked with cinereous, of a moderately robust form (the & rather slender) and rather below the me- dium size. Head sparsely and slightly rug- ulose above, not very broad, the fastigium of the vertex plane with rather low bounding walls, open behind, and in front completely engulfing the faintly biareolate median foveola, the lateral foveolae distinct, trian- gular, rather small, the frontal costa of mod- ‘erate breadth, sulcate throughout except at the contracted summit. Pronotum very dark, the dorsum sometimes with subdecussate, broad, cinereous markings, the lateral lobes more tinged with gray, but with a large central quadrangular black patch on prozona; dorsum of @ nearly plane, of 2 somewhat tumid, of both rather strongly and coarsely verruculose, the more prominent elevations longitudinal but short; median carina obso- lete between the sulci (but here accompanied by only an obsolete discal scutellum) no- where prominent except where it passes, in the Q, over the stabbed front of the meta- zona; process rectangulate; lateral carinae prominent, rather sharp, and _ extended. Tegmina pantherine, cinereous, and dark brown, the darker markings prevailing, ex- Jaw A695 Woe 359 tending to the apex, crossing almost or quite the whole wing, and everywhere very much broken, hardly more blended at the base than elsewhere; sutural stripe cinereous. Wings pale citron at base with corresponding reticu- lation, pellucid with black reticulation and a few cellular maculations at apex, and between an unusually broad, arcuate, blackish fuligi- nous band which narrows only when follow- ing the outer margin to the anal angle, which it reaches and leaves in the @ only a little more than two, in the 2 three or four mar- ginal lobes free at the apex; it is separated by a fine fulvous line from the humeral vitta, the outer limit of which corresponds to that of the arcuate band and extends nearly or quite to the base, leaving only the basal half of the costal edge light colored. Hind femora externally pale cinereous with three broad, very oblique, blackish bands, internally coral red blotched with blackish at the _ base, beneath, like the tibiae, coral red, the latter more or less hoary externally on the basal half, the spines black tipped. Length of body, @, 23-25 mm., 9, 33.5-37 mm.; tegmina, @, 25-27 mm., 2, 31.5-36 mm. Described from 4¢, 29. This is a northern species, living next our northern boundary, occurring from the Red River in Manitoba (Donald Gunn) and Calgary, Alberta, British Columbia, June 11 (Bean in S. Hen- shaw’s collection) to the upper Mis- souri and Yellowstone (F. V. Hayden). Hippiscus (X.) OBSCURUS sp. nov. Blackish fuscous, of slender form and Head dark only onsummit, being with small size. elsewhere cinereous or livid, flecked fuscous dots, not very large nor very tumid, faintly subrugulose in the vicinity of the 360 posterior margin of the fastigium of the vertex; this distinct, plane, as broad as long, open behind, closed by a V-shaped carina in front, the walls low but distinct and in the middle angulate ; median carina when present terminating in the middle of the fastigium ; lateral foveolae very distinct, elongate tri- angular, including between their tips the equally deep biareolate foveola, which in the 2 is sometimes confluent with the sulcus of the frontal costa; the latter moderately broad, subequal, but slightly contracted at summit, more or less sulcate throughout, above witha slight median carina. Pronotum compressed, but littlke expanded on the metazona, plane above, the process of meta- zona rectangulate, the median carina slight, equal, straight, uninterrupted between the sulci, the lateral carinae slight and confined to the metazona, the dorsal surface tudinally rugulose with short vermiculations, more crowded, transverse, and subdued on the lateral lobes of the metazona. Tegmina dark brownish fuscous marked with dark cine- reous after the fashion of A. (X.) neglectus and as there somewhat variable, the sutural stripe hardly visible. Wings pale citron on basal half with corresponding reticulation (except where the humeral vitta runs in nearly to the base), blackish fuliginous beyond, the apex of the two uppermost lobes generally more or less vitreous with black reticulation, ~ at the most occupying a triangular area which takes in less than a fourth of the costal mar- gin, and is then generally abridged by the infuscation or infumation of the extreme apex. Hind femora dark grayish cinereous exter- nally, crossed obliquely by three obscure, moderately narrow, dark fuscous stripes, internally black with apical and postmedian longi- transverse luteous stripes, inferiorly luteous | often with a reddish tinge; hind tibiae rather pale coral red, apically often becoming luteous, the spines black tipped. Length of body, g, 22 mm., 2, 28.5 mm.; of tegmina, J, 22 mm., 9, 27 mm. PSV CHE: [December 1892 Described from 2 @, 3 &, obtained by G. R. Crotch in British Columbia. This species is closely allied to /Z. (X.) xeglectus, from which it is to be distinguished mainly by the greater breadth of the dark markings on the wings, the darker colors of the body and tegmina, and far less brightly con- trasted sutural stripe of the latter. Hippiscus (X.) NEGLECTUS. Ocedipoda neglecta Thom., Proc. acad. nat. 8c. Philad., 1870, 81-82; Rep. U. S. geol. surv. Wyo., 276-277; Syn. Acrid. N. A., 128-129; Rep. U.S. surv. 100th mer., 5, 881- 882, pl. 44, fig. 3; Bull. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 4,483. Arphia neglecta Thom., Proc. Day. acad., 1,254. Hippiscus neglectus Scudd., Bull. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 2,264; Thom., Rep. ent. IIl., 9, 95) 114-115. “Nanthippus neglectus Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 94-95; McNeill, Psyche, 6, 63-64. Cratypedes putnamt Thom., Proc. Dav. acad., 1257-259, pl. 36, ne. 6; Rep. U.S: ent. comm., 2,259. Tip piscus lineatus Scudd., Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist., 19; 31; Ent. notes, 6, 9; Cent. Orth, 48; 84) Rep. Us. 1S. ent. comm«,02: app. 2, 26; Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 87. (Not Oe. neglecta Thom., Key Ill. Orth., 3; Bull. Ill. mus., 1, 64.) This species is somewhat variable, especially in the markings of the teg- mina, which at one extreme resemble those of species of Trimerotropis, at the other those of Encoptolophus, and in some are almost entirely of a warm brown color with concolorous sutural stripe and the merest clouds of lighter ; i by : December 1892. | shades barely indicating any markings at all. It is hardly surprising that it has been described under several names. I have before me 28 g and 34 9, mostly taken by myself in Colorado and the adjoining territories on the west and north and at an elevation ranging from 6000-8500’, in July and August. This is apparently the principal region of its abundance, but it extends south- ward to southern Utah (E. Palmer), northeastern New Mexico (C. Thomas) and the borders of Arizona (Thomas), Arizona (Bruner in litt.), westward to various localities in Nevada (H. Ed- wards), Camp Hallock, Nev. (E. Palmer), Ruby Valley, Nev. (R. Ridg- way), near Lake Tahoe, California (S. Henshaw in Capt. Wheeler’s explora- tions of 1876), and the Sierra Nevada, Calif. (H. Edwards); and northward to Montana where according to C. Thomas it was collected by Dr. E. Coues, and west of which I have seen specimens sent me by Mr. Bruner from Soda Springs and Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, and Yakima River, Washing- ton, July 18; Bruner also informs me that he has specimens in his collection from Ft. McKinney, Wyo.; Salmon Co., Henry Lake, Beaver Cafion, and Camas Prairie, Idaho; Colville, Wash- ington; and even from Ft. McLeod, British America. It is twice stated by C. Thomas to occur in southern IIli- nois, but by a wrong identification for HI. (H1.) haldemaniz; it does not seem tooccur east of the foot hills of Colorado, the easternmost localities known to me being Blackhawk, July 2 (A. S. Packard), Beaver Brook Caiion, 6000’, July 11, and Georgetown, 75-8500’, July 12-18 (S. H. Scudder), and Man- itou, 6300’ (July 14, A. S. Packard, and Aug. 24-25, S. H. Scudder). RSV CHE. 361 Hipriscus (X.) MONTANUS. Oedipoda montana Thom!, Rep. U. S. geol. surv. terr., 5,462-463; Syn. Acrid. N. A., 129-130; Glov., Ill. N. A.ent., Orth., pli fier: flippiscus montanus Sauss., Add. prodr. Oedip., 170. This species appears to be wide spread though rare, perhaps local. It comes from Idaho (Franklin, June 12, Bruner), and Thomas also reports it from the upper part of the Snake River plain near the mountains, and in southern Montana. He that it was not noted south of Market Lake, but from the north or Atlantic slope of the range to Virginia City in Montana. Two of his types which I have seen through the favor of Dr. Riley are marked as coming from Mon- tana and Idaho. But it also occurs further south and east, for it is found in the southwestern part of Holt Co., Nebr. (Bruner), and the greater part of the Sand Hill region of central and western Nebraska (Bruner in litt.), as wellas in New Mexico (Taos Valley, Bruner in litt.) and at Holbrook, Ari- zona (Bruner). rather adds Hippiscus (X.) LATERITIUS. laterttius Sauss., Prodr. Xanthippus Oedip., 92-93- I have not seen this species, which seems from Saussure’s description to fall in this immediate neighborhood. It is described from Nevada. Hippiscus (X.) CALTHULUS. Xanthippus calthulus Sauss., Prodr. Oedip., 93- 362 I have a single 9 of this species taken by Crotch in southern Nevada. Saussure’s specimens also came from Nevada, but Bruner sends me a speci- men from Placer Co., California, taken in June. Hippiscus (X.) GRISEUS sp. nov. Almost uniformly griseus, moderately ro- bust and rather below the medium size. Head not very broad nor very tumid above, the summit subrugulose; fastigium of vertex with distinct and moderately elevated, strongly bent lateral walls,-open or partially closed behind, the median carina extending faintly to the centre, separated by a slight V-shaped wall from the nearly circular biareolate med- ian foveola; lateral foveolae inoderately dis- tinct, of medium size, rounded triangular; frontal costa of moderate breadth, narrowed somewhat at summit where it shows a slight median carina and below the ocellus where it is deeply sulcate, expanding and fading at base. Pronotum expanding moderately on the metazona, which is faintly tumid, heavily stabbed anteriorly but without plications, rather densely and considerably verrucose, the process rectangulate, its margins sub- crenulate by reason of the verrucosities, the median carina slight and equal, but subobso- lete between the sulci, the lateral carinae distinct and tolerably sharp, but not elevated and confined to the metazona. Tegmina griseo-cinereous with dark brown fleckings, in the apical third of the wing faint and pretty uniformly distributed, before that largely collected into two narrow transverse stripes, one crossing the base of the outer discoidal field, the other and larger midway between it and the base, but all often very obscure, those of the apex sometimes obso- lete. Wings pale citron at base with similar reticulation, vitreous at apex with black re- ticulation and an extramesial, strongly ar- PSTCITE: [December 1892 - cuate, dark fuliginous, moderately narrow band tapering along the hinder margin in passing to the anal angle which it fails to reach and leaving from two to three margi- nal lobes fre@at the apex; it is separated by a luteous line from the humeral vitta of the same color, the outer margin of which forms with that of the upper part of the arcuate band a straight oblique line; it runs to the base leaving the costal edge luteous. Hind femora very broad with strong arcuation of the inferior carina, the outer surface pale or fusco-cinereous with more or less obscured blackish brown oblique bands; interior and inferior surface and tarsi yellowish luteous, the spines black tipped. Length of body, 2 33-34 mm.; of tegmina , 28-33 mm. Described from 5 9, taken by Dr. Edward Palmer, April 20-30, at Mokiak Pass, Utah. Hippiscus (X.) VITELLINUS. NXanthippus Oedip., 94. I have one female of this species from Nevada (H. Edwards), the locality from which it is described by Saussure. Mr. Bruner also sends me specimens from Reno, Nevada, and Umatilla, Oregon, June 25, and reports it from vitelidinus Sauss., Prodr. Idaho between Beaver Canon and Henry Lake. Edwards notes that in life the hind wings are red at base. Hippiscus (X.) AURILEGULUS sp. nov. Very dark brownish fuscous, not very ro- bust and of small size. Head rather broad at summit but not tumid, the frontal costa a December 1892. ] little more prominent than usual, the face and cheeks more or less finely sprinkled with dark cinereous, the summit subrugulose; fas- tigium of vertex shallow, open behind and also in front, where the subcircular faintly biareolate median foveola is completely blended with it; median carina slight, pass- ing a variable distance into the fastigium; lateral foveolae rather pronounced but small and triangular oval; frontal costa moderately slender, considerably narrowed at the sum- mit, almost as much so and with unusual abruptness below the ocellus, expanding con- siderably at base, sulcate throughout, some- times with a median carina above. Pro- notum moderately stout, expanding almost regularly from base to apex, but not greatly; gthe process of metazona rectangulate, its margins subcrenulate; the dorsal surface plane, subverruculose; median carina nearly obliterated between the principal sulci with a slight discal scutellum, otherwise equal, straight, and slight; lateral carinae sharp but not elevated throughout the metazona, the lateral lobes of metazona almost as rough as the dorsum. Tegmina dark brownish fuscous with faint brown or brownish cinereous mark- ings, the apex subvitreous, mottled obscurely with brownish fuscous; the principal lighter markings are a broad but inferiorly narrow- ing transverse patch at the end of the basal third of the tegmina, a narrow but variable transverse stripe just beyond the extreme base of the outer discoidal field and a very irregular and obscure inferior blotch at the very base of the tegmina; sutural line flavous and very distinct. | Wings bright citron yellow at base with corresponding reticulation, obscure hya- line at apex with black reticulation and a rather narrow, arcuate, extramesial, fuliginous band, narrowing as it passes along the outer margin toward the anal angle, which it nearly _ or quite reaches and leaves about three of the marginal lobes free at the apex; the apex is also obscured almost or quite as deeply next the margin, but the outer limits of the band are determinable; it is separated by a pallid PST CLHHE. 363 line from the humeral vitta, the outer limits of which are subcontinuous with its own and which extends almost to the base, leaving a fulvous edge of the costal margin hardly ob- scured by a stigma. Hind femora dark cine- reous crossed more or less distinctly by three oblique blackish stripes, beneath and within mostly blue black, the tibiae coral red with black tipped spines. Length of body, 21.5-23 mm.; of tegmina, 23-25.5 mm. Described from 3 @ taken in Cali- fornia by H. Edwards (his No. 79) and in Sonoma Co., April 27—-May 9, by Baron R. von Osten Sacken. Hippiscus (X.) STIGMOSUS sp. nov. This species differs from the preceding only in the markings of the tegmina and wings and may prove to be only a varietal form. The tegmina differ in having the markings still more obscure with the single exception of the spot at the base of the outer discoidal area which is more pronounced and whitish; and of the sutural stripe which is just as bright as in the other species; the mottling of the apex is almost entirely or quite lost. In the wings the extramesial band, besides being generally fainter, and sometimes broken into maculae by the penetrating citron colored veins, also extends to a much less distance toward the anal angle, sometimes hardly more than half way toward it. Length of body, @, 25mm., 2, 34 mm.;of tegmina, g, 25 mm., 2, 29 mm. Described from 3 ¢, 1t @, received from California (J. Behrens), Napa Co., California, (H. Edwards), and southern Nevada (G. R. Crotch). Mr. Bruner also sends me specimens from Ukiah, California, collected in April by J. H. Burke, and from Placer Co., California, taken in June. 364 PREPARATORY PSYCHE [ December 1892. SPAGES -OF CLISIOCAMPAY EROSA STRETCH: BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. CLISIOCAMPA EROSA Stretch. 1881.—Stretch, Papilio, i, 67. Egg.—The egg mass is small, laid to form aring near the tip of a twig, and covered with varnish. Its length is about 15 mm., the thickness only slightly greater than the longest dimension of the eggs. The eggs are irregularly cylindrical, flattened above and below, and closely packed. Color white, but smeared with the dark brown frothy varnish. Diameter .5 mm.; height .8 mm. First larval stage.*—Head rounded, shiny black, whitish at vertex, with short pale hair; width .40 mm. Body cylindrical, vel- vety black, except an obscure paler substig- matal line. Long whitish hairs arise from minute biack warts, several from each, but with a shiny base to each hair. The larvae spin no nest, but merely a slight web over the leaves upon which they rest. In the later stages they are often found in large masses low down on the trunks of the trees without any covering. They resemble C/lzs7o- campa disstria in habit. Second stage.—Head higher than wide, rounded, black; width .65 mm. Cervical shield, warts and thoracic feet black; body blackish, with subdorsal, lateral and substig- matal yellowish white lines; a faint dorsal line of bluish white. Hair long, thick, white, spreading from the small warts. Joint 12 is a trifle enlarged. As the stage advances the body becomes blue gray, except the lateral region which is brown gray; the iines are ocher yellow, the subdorsal one with a broad black band above it, leaving a dorsal band of blue gray. On joints 3,4 and 12 are large, elevated, velvety black, subdorsal spots, one on each. Third stage.—Head rounded, black with a slight bluish tinge; width 1.1 mm.t Body * I did not find the eggs until they were hatched; but I feel confident that the larvae had not passed a moult. black, joint 2 bluish with a large subdorsal wart; large black spots on joints3 and 4. A dorsal blue line, broken into a series of nearly connecting segmentary spots, enlarged on the anterior part of the segment and tapering behind, present only on joints 3-12. Joint 13. bluish. An orange subdorsal line; a blue band below it; a yellowish lateral line; a narrower blue band; a substigmatal yellow- ish line, each of these narrowly separated by the black ground color; a yellowish line along the bases of the legs. Abdominal feet black, testaceous at tip. Venter black. Fourth stage.—Head bluish with small black spots,labrum white, jaws black ; width 1.4 mm. — Body flattened below, feet spreading, joint 12 a little enlarged dorsally. A row of white dorsal spots, one on each segment on joints 3-11 but nearly broken into two, a large spot narrowly connected with a little one behind it. The orange subdorsal line is supple- mented by a few orange dashes in ‘the dorsal space; lateral and substigmatal lines orange, but paler, the blue filling in nearly the whole space between them, except for the spots on joints 3, 4 and 12, and a row of much smaller ones on the intervening joints. The broken line along the bases of the legs is pale orange. Joints 2, 12 posteriorly and 13 are blue gray. Hair all reddish, thin on the back, but quite thick subventrally. Feet black, the abdomi- nal paler at the tips. Fifth stage.—Very much as before; width of head 2.1 The anterior one of the two white dorsal spots on each joint of joints 3-12 is pointed behind and followed by the posterior small rounded spot. On joints 3, 4 and 12 the blue band is broken by a quad- rate black spot as in the previous stage and on joints 5-11 and 13, there isa small black spot, defined as an incision in lower edge of band. mm. + This is abnormally large, but the measurement was made with care from several examples. December 1892. ] Sixth stage.—Nearly as in the two previous stages; width of head 3.2 mm. The dorsal space is partly filled in with blue, except for a black edging to the dorsal white spots, a black spot on each side of the white spots at their obsolete junction and the short orange red streaks supplementary to the subdorsal orange red line. The white spots on joints 3 and 4 are larger than the others, single, elongate, and in some examples the posterior white dot on all segments is partly orange or rarely obsolete. The blue band is minutely black dotted, followed by the pale orange lateral line which is rather irregular. Space below, blue gray, the substigmatal line and the one along the bases of legs yellowish faint and broken, or obsolete ; spiracles large, black; feet gray; venter blue gray with a median row of black spots. The cervical shield and anal plate are blue gray tinged with black. Subdorsal warts on joint 2 rather large; joint 12 enlarged a littie dor- sally. Dorsal hair very scant, blackish, the subventral hair thick, partly silky white with some dusky and reddish hairs intermixed. Cocoon.—Enclosed in an outer layer of silk, elliptical thin, composed entirely of silk, made opaque by an exudation from the anus of the larva, which dries into a pale yellow powder. Size 25 X 8mm. Pupa.— Cylindrical, posterior abdominal segments rapidly tapering, rounded at both ends, no cremaster. Color black, rather shiny, covered with short brown pile, except the cases which are bare. Length 18 mm.; width 4mm. Duration of this stage 26 days. The moths appear during July. Food plants. — Oak (Quercus), poplar (Populus), willow (Salix), alder, (Alnus), wild rose, (Rosa), peach and cherry (Prunus), apple (Pyrus) and others. Habttat.—Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade range. Found at Portland and Bonneville, Oregon, Seattle and Vancouver, Washington. This is the common Clisio- campa of the Pacific Northwest and takes the place of C. disstria of the Atlantic States. It PSI CHE. 365 is abundant in the valley of the Columbia, but becomes more rare to the north. But two larvae were seen in Seattle, Wash., while in Portland, Or., many fruit and shade trees were largely defoliated by the larvae, and they were frequently observed resting in large compact masses on the tree trunks. A LOWER SILURIAN INSECT FROM SWEDEN. —For a long time the Devonian insects of New Brunswick were the oldest known from any part ofthe world. Seven years ago, however, Brongniart discovered in the lower part of the upper Silurian of Calvados, France, a single wing which he regarded as a cock- roach and named Palaeoblattina douvillei. And now Moberg announces the discovery of an hemipterous insect, which he calls Protoctmex stluricus, in the still older rocks of Flagabro in Scania, belonging to the upper members of the lower Graptolitic slates, that is the upper part of the lower Silurian. Figures are given in the Férhandlingar of the Swedish geological society. ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTEs.— The first signa- ture of a new general Catalogue of Hemiptera has just been issued by Lethierry and Severin at Bruxelles. Thearrangement is systematic down to the genera but the species are given alphabetically and the number of species added at the end of each genus and sub- family. The present sheet includes a portion of the Pentatomidae: the Plataspidae (19 genera and 187 species), the Corimelaenidae (10 genera, 66 species) and a few Scutel- leridae. It will prove of great service. Entomologists everywhere will regret to hear that the serious illness which has, for the past two years, incapacitated Dr. H. A. Hagen renders it improbable that he will be able to do any further work. Dr. Hagen has had charge of the collections of insects in the Museum of comparative zoology at Harvard University since October 12, 1867, and during this long period of twenty-five years has applied himself with entire devotion to the interests of the department. The scientific 366 value and present excellent condition of the collections are the result of his faithful and disinterested work. Recently the department has been placed in charge of Mr. Samuel Henshaw. In a ‘‘partial catalogue” of the animals of Iowa published by the Iowa Agricultural College, Prof. H. Osborn enumerates 183 species of Ichneumonidae, Cynipidae and Tenthredinidae, 80 butterflies, 357 moths and 1255 Coleoptera. Some interesting observations on the habits of the young of mole-crickets are given by Dr. E. W. Doranin Science for Oct. 14. Among other things he finds that previous to their first moult they can jump to the distance of five or six inches. The notes and figures of Myriapoda left by the late A. Humbert are to be published shortly by the Société de physique et d’his- toire naturelle of Geneva under the super- vision of Dr. H. de Saussure. The text is ES DACTL LS. [December 1892. rather meagre but the figures are valuable and finely executed. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 14 October, 1892.— The 172d meeting was held at 156 Brattle Street. Mr. S. H. Scud- der was chosen chairman and Mr. A. P. Morse secretary pro tem. Mr. S. H. Scudder reported the capture of Anthomaster leonardus near Gardiner, Me., further east than it was before known; the female was seen laying eggs Aug. 29th on Agrostis scabra; these hatched in about 20 days, but the larvae refused ordinary grasses, and as they were as plump when a month old as when born, it seemed probable that their habit was to hibernate without first feeding. Mr. S. Henshaw reported Callidryas exbule as not uncommon this year on Nan- tucket in the latter part of September. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 zed. HOUGHTON, MIBFLIN cece; RHOPALOCERA. Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. Vo post cards. DR nL REED: Ryhope, Sunderland, England. ADVERTISEMENT, Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or for cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts of the U.S. Lists please address to A. LUETGENS, 207 E. 15 Street, N. Y. City. 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. THE NEW ENGLAND SPIDERS. By J. H. EMERTON. In seven parts from the Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences Vols. VI, VII and VIII containing descriptions of 340 species with 1400 figures. Price for the whole $6.00, or either part sold separately. Sent by mail on receipt of price. J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass. Gs PS IOoUrmiIvAl, OF BNTOMOOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 201. ‘JANUARY, 1893. CONTENTS: AN INTERESTING BLOOD-SUCKING GNAT OF THE FAMILY CHIRONOMIDAE (Plate 8).—C. H. Tyler Townsend. ‘ HERACLIDES CRESPHONTES.—Lew/s E. Hood. * . : ° : ° 2 ANTS BREEDING IN AND IN. . : : : : - 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB (North Araericin Phas midae; earliest occurence of injurious beetles). 3 : : DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEST AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.— I.—W. F. Holland. : ° ; > ; : ON THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MIRAX FOUND IN Nena Ausnien wien H. Ashmead. . ; : ‘ 2 ? NOTES ON THE LARVAL STAGES OF eral BLAKEI Geom: pa epioe G. Dyar. A MonoGRAPH OF NorRTH AMERICAN TACHINIDAE. ENTOMOLOGICAL Notes (Development of the head of Giivenomecs Biwards on Chionobas; a catalogue of Hymenoptera; strange egg of a Reduviid; Marx’s American spiders; Latrodectus formidabilis; a fragment of a Maciel of our butterflies; Casey on Rhynchophora; a new index). . 5 : ; PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, [Entered as second class mail matter.] 369. 372 372 372 373 377 379 381 381 20Cc. 368 2 SHG rHE [January 1893. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. f= Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed, DINO: TE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of | subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, wzthout change of yorm,to the author of any leading article, z/ o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, : 2c. Separates, with changes of form—actual cost of | such changes in addition to above rates. TES Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. fe Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. ’ Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, 75 .60 Quarter “ a 2 1.25 1.00 Half ss - ri 225) 275 One “ “ “e 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed punerny, Danais ae pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ‘the North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, I8go. Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 eae taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield. Ill., 1878 5 2 : Scudder, S. H. ‘The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .5o Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names Brouesrs) for Butterflies. Sa- I.00 .50 1.50 1.00 lem, 1875. : 1.00 Scudder, S.H. The pine- ae a New tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 I.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeituug. Jatiee 42-46. Stettin, 1881- -1885. 5.00 U.S. Entomological Commission. Bulletins, Nos. 1, 2, 45 5, 6,7 2 I.00 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 c - 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHAN GE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any Janguage I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED, Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or for study, from any part of North America including Mexico and the West Indies. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Psyche. 1892, vol. 6. Platerse Tersesthes torrens Twns. 9. —<—=t SY CELE, AN INTERESTING BLOOD-SUCKING GNAT OF THE FAMILY CHIRONOMIDAE. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. While breaking camp the past sum- mer, on the Continental Divide in western New Mexico, at a point about 6 miles west of Patterson, in the western part of Socorro county, I noticed a small gnat in some numbers on the horses. This was on the morning of June 21st. The gnats were very small and black, but their abdomens being distended and swollen with blood gave them a red appearance. They were found mostly on the head and face, par- ticularly around and below the eyes of the animals. A few specimens were hurriedly put in alcohol at the time. The altitude of this place was something over 7000 feet. Quite recently, while attempting to determine these gnats, I found at first some difficulty in satisfying myself as to their family position. I believe now, however, that they properly belong in the Chironomidae. In their venation, they much resemble the section Anare- tina, provisionally located by Loew and Osten Sacken in the Cecidomyiidae. The hind tibiae, however, have distinct terminal spurs, which is about the only MEX. character that would exclude them from that section. In this. character, they would approach the Mycetophilidae, but the venation (see Pl. 8, fig. 2) is so decidedly cecidomyiid in its character as to preclude this idea. There are six longitudinal veins, the fifth vein is forked, and the fourth is to the best of my perception also forked; there are no cross-veins whatever. In their general aspect, and the consensus of their char- acters, they approach the genus Cerato- pogon of Meigen; and also the genus Oecacta erected for a small blood-sucking gnat in Cuba, known to the inhabitants of that country as ‘‘El jejen.” tennae of the present form are 13-jointed (@), and the palpi are only 3-jointed (see fig. 1 of plate). While the vena- tion is more cecidomyiid than that of Oecacta, the general form of the body, as well as that of Ceratopogon, is quite the same. The lancets and labium are much the same in structure. The palpi are quite similar, except that Oecacta may be said to have two additional joints more at the end, and Ceratopogon of Poey, which latter was The an- 370 one. There is quite an important dif- ference between Oecacta and the present form in the shape of the eyes, which in the latter are reniform or deeply hol- lowed out on the inside margin, the an- tennae being set in a cavity partially enclosed by the excavated orbit. In this respect it resembles Simulium and most of the Cecidomyiidae and Chiro- nomidae. Judging from the plate (see plate 27 of Poey’s Memoirs onthe Nat. Hist. of Cuba, vol. I), Oecacta does not possess this peculiarity. Cerato- pogon has the palpi 4-jointed, and the conformation of the antennae is peculiar, especially inthe g. It must be remem- bered that I have only @ specimens of the present species, and that the anten- nae ofthe ¢ may or may not be differ- entiated in form. The present form, with the genera Ceratopogon (including Heteromyia Say) and Oecacta, possibly also Dia- mesa, differ to quite an extent from the rest of the Chironomidae. Asa group, they nearly approach the Anaretina in their venation, the present genus showing the greatest resemblance in this respect, and differ from the other Chironomidae by the body and wings being shorter and stouter, not culicid- like or elongate and narrowed, as in Chironomus, Tanypus, etal. The ven- ation is simpler; and the lancets and labium are more elongate, and about equal in length. The form here figured differs so ob- viously from those genera already de- scribed that there seems no question of the advisability of making it the type of PST CHE. [January 1893. a new genus, which [I shall call Ter- sesthes (Gr. réprecbar, to become dry or thirsty). Its characters are as fol- lows: TERSESTHES noy. gen. 2 (see plate 8). Antennae 13-jointed, set in large circular excavations in the middle of the head; first joint largest, round; elongate, smaller, but larger than following joints; last joint elongate conical; interme- diate ten joints equal, sub-moniliform, with hairs somewhat shorter than width of joints. Palpi 3-jointed, longer than proboscis, first joint shortest, second joint swollen, third narrow with a terminal whorl of hairs; proboscis consisting of a lower lip (labium), with the lancets free but usually more or less approximated to its anterior aspect, both of equal length, extended straight downward, about as long as the head, lancets serrate on outer edge at tip. No ocelli. Eyes reniform, rather deeply excavated on inside margin, dichoptic, front averaging one-third width of head. Thorax moderately stout, but not humped, a little wider than head, longer than wide, without transverse suture, scutel- lum prominent. Abdomen 7-jointed, some- what elongate, not wider than thorax, first three segments subequal, fourth smaller, three terminal segments narrowed; positor exserted, consisting of two clavate pieces joined laterally on basal half and terminally divergent. Wings moderately broad, not elongate, hind margin with a delicate fringe of hairs, surface sparsely clothed with very short microscopic hairs (revealed only with a high objective); six longitudinal veins, the first and second approximated, strongest, ending at about one-third the length of wing; third gently curved distally and ending near the wing apex, fourth apparently forked, fifth distinctly forked, sixth becoming obsolete before fork of fifth; an apparent rudiment_of a seventh vein; no cross-veins, except one second joint more ovi- January 1893. ] at extreme base of wing which connects the first and sixth veins, marginal vein not extending beyond tip of wing. Legs slender, not dilated, coxae not elongate; hind tibiae spurred, middle and even front tibiae with microscopic spurs; metatarsi elongate, second joint of hind tarsi also elongate, of middle tarsi somewhat elongate, of front tarsi scarcely so, penultimate tarsal joint of all the feet shortened, the last and ante- penultimate joints about equal; no pulvilli. sp. ¢.—General color blackish. Eyes dark brown; antennal excavations cinnamon colored, nearly three times the diameter of first antennal joint; front. face, and lancets shining black, the front with four blackish hairs on vertical margin arising from four papillae; antennae black, clothed with whitish pubescence; palpi blackish, labium brownish with some whitish pubescence terminally; occipital orbits with a few black hairs. Thorax and scutellum deep shining black, smooth, glabrous, except that the thorax has some scattered black hairs anteriorly. Abdomen soft opaque brown, varying to light brown, in some of the specimens flavous or rufous at base; balsam mount showing two oval black spots (bodies?) at base of fifth seg- ment; ovipositor brownish. Legs blackish, tarsi brownish, tibiae slightly so. Wings grayish hyaline, with hardly a smoky flavous tinge, the delicate fringe of hind margin somewhat longest on anal angle where it terminates abruptly; veins pale, except first and second longitudinal veins which are brown and end inabrown stigma on costal margin (the first vein becomes obsolete just before reaching stigma); halteres brownish, knobs whitish. Length of body (incl. ovipositor), 1 3-5 mm. (empty) to 2 I-5 mm. (abdomen dis- tended with blood); of wing, 1 1-5 mm. Fresh and alcoholic specimens are slightly longer. Described from both dried and alco- holicspecimens, and balsam mounts. Six Tersesthes torrens n. PS TCIL 371 specimens collected, June 21, on Continental Divide, Socorro county, N. M., 7000 ft. This gnat was not observed at any other place than the one above named. Note.—It should be stated that what I have called the first longitudinal vein is the auxiliary vein of other families. I have been in doubt whether to describe the wing as having five, or six, longitudinal veins, since the first two in the balsam mount show only as the s¢des of a single vein. Since, however, they appear in the dry wing, with a low power, as two distinct veins, I have so considered them, and have made the drawing of the wing to represent this appearance. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8. Tersesthes torrens Twns. @. Fig. 1.—Head, front view, showing lancets, labium, palpi, antennae, antennal tions, and reniform eyes. Fig. 2.—Wing. (It should be stated that the stigma does not show in the balsam mount as represented in the figure, but there is a slighter, more general infuscation in the region of the first two veins.) Fig. 3.—Abdomen, dorsal view, showing ovipositor, two oval black bodies of fifth segment, and a large irregular contgined body (mostly in second and third segments), probably the alimentary canal distended with blood. Fig. 4.—Hind leg, with coxa attached. Fig. 5.—Middle leg. Fig. 6.—Front leg. Figs. 2 to 6 are enlarged on the same scale.. Fig. 1 is still more greatly enlarged. The hair lines accompanying figs. 1 to 3 show the natural size. The drawings were all made from balsam mounts, and outlined with the camera lucida. The scanty material in my possession prevents the figuring at the present time of the component pieces which form the lancets. excava- 372 HERACLIDES CRESPHONTES.—On page 294 of the present volume of Psyche a note is made of the capture of H. cresphontes in Massachusetts, and it is remarked that no other specimen has been known to have been seen since 1883. One other specimen has certainly been obtained since then, the late James A. Wright having found one at or near Milton, Mass., during the summer of 1885. The specimen being very fine was shown with a few other rare species at the Natural History store then located at 409 Washington St., Boston. The specimen was if I recollect rightly, at early dusk in a small clearing in the woods not far from the town, the day found, being very warm and more or less cloudy. Not being familiar with the species Mr. Wright sent it to New York for identification, and it is now in the collection of a Boston entomologist. Lewis E. Hood. ANTS BREEDING IN AND IN.— Forel an- nounces (Ann. soc. ent. Belgique, v. 36 p. 458) that among ants of the genera Anergates and Formicoxenus there is no other male than a wingless ergatoid form, such as sometimes accompanies the normal male in other gen- era, and that therefore pairing must always take place in the ant hill itself between brothers and sisters; so we have here cases of perpetual consanguineous reproduction. ‘Among ordinary ants the winged g and ? quit the nest in which they were born, take flight, and pair in mid air with their con- geners of other nests, permitting numerous crosses. But in the case of the genera which have only an apterous male perpetual con- sanguineous pairing ensues, forin one and the same nest there are found only brothers and sisters, and these brothers and sisters can only pair with one another. The fact ap- pears absolutely clear in the genus Anergates, where one finds in each ant hill only a single fecundated female, the mother founder of the colony.” PSYCHE. [January 1893. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 11 November, 1892.—The 173d meeting was held at 156 Brattle Street. Mr. S. Henshaw was chosen chairman. Mr. Harrison G. Dyar of Roxbury was elected an active member. Mr. S. H. Scudder exhibited the series of Phasmidae in his collection arranged after the system introduced by Stal, and showed that the species found in our country were more numerous than had been supposed, including at least tour species of Diaphero- mera, one of Sermyie, two of Bacunculus, one or possibly two of Anisomorpha and two of Bacillus. The last was the most interest- has not hitherte been recognized in the new world and all the other genera are distinctively American. One of the species, which he proposed to call B. coloradus, was found in Colorado at a height of about 5500’, and had the metathorax very much shorter the mesothorax, their median carina much more pronounced than the laterodorsal carinae, and with scarcely a ing, as the genus than trace of granulation, except very feebly in the front portion of the mesothorax, besides a unicolorous head. The other species occurs in Arizona and extends south into Mexico; it has the metathorax but little shorter than the both median and latero- dorsal carinae pronounced, the whole body mesothorax, sparsely and finely granulate and the head longitudinally striped; he proposed for it the name B. In both the antennae beyond the second joint are multiarticulate, but the joints, which are transverse, so nearly connate as to be difficult to distinguish. Only females are known. Mr. S. Henshaw showed a specimen of Anthrenus scrophulariae taken at Cambridge, Mass., in 1869, and one of Aramigus fuller? from the same locality taken in 1868; these dates are earlier than any hitherto recorded. Both specimens are from the collection of the eM. Edward Burgess. carinatus. January 1893.] PSYCHE. 373 « DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEST AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA. BY W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., PITTSBURGH, PENN. The species described in the follow- ing paper are all from the Valley of the Ogové River except when otherwise indicated. The types are in my collec- tion. AGARISTIDAE. PHASIS, WALK. bel (e) astrapeus, sp. nov... g. .The palpi are pale brown beneath and black above. The pectus is broadly orange, and the front legs are narrowly edged with the same color. The rest of the body above and below is black, except that the eyes on the inner margin are narrowly edged with white. The wings above are velvety black, the anteriors crossed beyond the cell by a moder- ately broad and even band of sulphur yellow, which does not reach the costa, and termin- ates abruptly before the outer angle; the posteriors have a broad tapering band of the same color running from the base and ter- minating before the inner angle. This band which does not touch the costa, has its outer margin convex and its inner margin straight. The markings of the wings are upon the under side as upon the upper, and in addition there is a quadrate whitish spot at the end, and a yellow ray at the base, of the cell of the primaries, and a yellow basal ray is found upon the costa of both wings. Expanse, $3 mm. @. The female does not differ from the male except that the wings are broader and the antennae are not swollen before the end, but filiform. _Irefer this species with a shade of doubt to the genus Phasis, though in its structure, so far as ascertainable without dissection, and in its markings upon the upper side, it nearly resembles P. ¢rzbuna, Hiibner, from the Antilles. AEGOCERA, Latr. 2. A. Gladiatoria, sp.nov. @. Palpi brown, front light orange, collar and upper sides of thorax maroon, traversed by a median band of pale orange. The pectus and the abdomen orange, with a median line of maroon upon the upper side of the abdomen. The fore- wings upon the upper side are rich maroon. From the base to the middle of the wing just below the cell is a horizontal sword-shaped band of pearly white and a broad subapical transverse band of the same color not quite reaching the costa and tapering off before reaching the outer angle. A faint V-shaped mark appears upon the dark ground of the wing near the costa just before the subapical white band and there is also a faint submar- ginal line of the same color. The upper side of the posteriors is pale orange broadly margined with brown, near the outer angle. the margin widest The bolder markings of the upper side are reproduced side, and upon the under less defined. @. The female does not differ from the male except that she is much larger. Expanse of wings, @ 35 mm.; 2 45 mm. but: paler sharply CHALCOSIIDAE. ANAMOEOTES, Feld. 3. A. fenellula, sp. nov. @. Antennae brown. Body and legs red. Wings semi- translucent, with the costa of the primaries O74 and the apical half of both primaries and secondaries fuscous. Q. Marked exactly as the male, but larger. Expanse of wings, g 28-32 mm.; 2 40 mm. A closely allied, if not identical, species is in the British Museum, from Angola. unnamed, 4. A. leucolena, sp. nov. @. Antennae fuscous at extremity, fulvous at base. Body The wings are semi-translucent, white, with the primaries broadly black upon the apical third, and the secondaries almost imperceptibly touched with the same color at the extremities of the nervules. @. Marked as the male, but larger. Expanse of wings, g 30-35 mm; 2 35 mm. fulvous. ZYGAENIDAE. ApsciTa, Retz. 5. A. chloauges, sp.nov. @. Antennae long, terete, enlarged before the extremity, black. The front is bronze red. The rest of the body and the legs are black glossed with scales of metallic green. The anterior wings upon the upper side are very dark brown or black, and are glossed with patches of metal- lic green scales as follows: a narrow linear patch above the cell upon the costa, a couple of broad roundish patches beyond the cell near the apex, and asomewhat interrupted linear streak below the cell above the sub- median nervule. The secondaries, which are rounded at the outer and inner angles, and have the outer margin somewhat deeply excavated near the extremity of the first median nervule are translucent, hyaline, except upon the costa and outer margin, which are heavily bordered with black, except at the end of the second median nervule, where the border is comparatively narrow. Expanse, 24 mm. I refer this species with much doubt to the genus Adscita, Retz., (Procris, Auct.- Ino, Auct.). It may constitute, as Mr. Butler PST CHE. anwar 1893- has suggested to me, the type of a new genus, but until I have sufficient material to make dissections, and also to characterize the female sex, I do not feel justified in erecting a genus for the reception of this single species. PoLLANIsus, Walk. 6. P. obscurissimus, sp. nov. &. Super- ficially scarcely distinguishable from P. cya- nota, Meyr. from Sydney, N. S. Wales. The antennae are tipped with white upon the under side. The palpi, the tibiae, and the under side of the abdomenare yellowish white. ‘The remainder of the body and the wings, both above and below, are smoky brown. Q?. Differs from the male merely in want- ing the strong pectinations of the antennae, and in having less white upon the lower surface of the abdomen. Expanse, 14-15 mm. SYNTOMIS, Ochs. 7. S. Ogovensis,sp. nov. @. Near S. Nataliz, Boisd., from which it differs in having no translucent spot near the base of the primaries, and the transparent spot at the base of the secondaries is situated upon the inner margin of the wing, and not upon the cell asin S. Mataliz. There is further no red band upon the abdomen as in Boisduval’s species, and it is also slightly smaller in size. The color of the body and wings is black glossed with shining green. The antennae are tipped with white. There are five trans- lucent spots upon the primaries; a round one at the end of the cell, another round one near the middle of the inner margin, and three forming a curved subapical series, the upper- most spot in which is round, and the two lower ones are oblong and divergent. There are two spots on the secondaries, a round one beyond the end of the cell near the outer margin, and a semi-lunar spot upon the inner margin at the base. Q. The female is marked as Expanse, 28 mm. the male. January 1893.] 8. S. leugalea, sp.nov. @. Very near S. constricta, Butl., from which it may be dis- tinguished by its smaller size, and the more pointed apices of the primaries, which are tipped with white. Otherwise it corresponds very nearly to Mr. Butler’s species, with the type of which I have compared it. Expanse, 25 mm. g. S. elasson, sp. nov. fg. The outer margin of the primaries is strongly convex, and the apex is rounded. The basal half of the wing is vitreous. The outer half is black with a subapical series of three large, simple, oval, vitreous spots, the lower one merely separated from the hyaline space enclosed within the cell by the discocellular nervule. The costa and the inner margin are narrowly bordered with black, and the apex is tipped with white. The secondaries have no black border upon the inner margin, but are bordered upon the outer margin with black, broadly at the outer angle and then more narrowly, until the region of the submedian nerve where the black border is produced inwardly at its termination ina strong den- ticulation. The body and other appendages besides the wings are dark brown, almost black, except the tips of the antennae, the front, the patagiae, the inner margins of the femora, the tibiae, the first tarsal joint, the lower edge of the abdomen, and two bands about the abdomen, which are all white. Expanse, 21 mm. 10. S. elachista, sp. nov. &. The prim- aries are marked as those of S. elasson. The secondaries are solidly black except near the outer angle where there is a round trans~- lucent spot, and on the inner margin, where there is a similar spot. The antennae are black. The collar, the thorax, and the abdo- men upon the upper side are black. The front, the inner margins of the coxae and the tibiae, the under side of the abdomen, except the last four segments, and two annular bands surrounding the abdomen, one just PS VCHE. 375 afterthe thorax, and the other on the fifth segment from its extremity, are all white. ?. The female only differs from the male in being larger in size, and having the prim- aries more rounded at the apex. Expanse, & 18mm; 2 20mm. 11. S. mztserabilis, sp. nov. @. Marked in all respects as S. elasson, except that the secondaries have the entire sur- rounded with a narrow black band, and the primaries are not tipped with white at the apex, asin that species, and the subapical spot is divided into two by the first subcostal nervule. Expanse, 23 mm. margin 12. S. puncticincta, sp. nov. @. The wings are marked as in the preceding species, having the uppermost spot of the subapical series divided into two, and the lowermost spot of the three simply separated from the hyaline space of the cell by the discocellular nervule. The abdomen has the except the last four edged with white upon the under surface. Upon the fifth and sixth segments, reckoning from the extremity of the body, there are small lateral white spots, and upon the segment next to the thorax there are two similar spots, one on each side, and a third one above upon the middle line of the abdomen. The anal extremity is tipped with orange hairs. Expanse, 25 mm. segments 13. S. lecmacis, sp. nov. ¢@. The wings are narrow and produced, and the hyaline spaces which are arranged as in the preced- ing species are compressed and linear. The last spot of the subapical series is separated from the hyaline space in the cell by a mod- erately broad band of black scales. The color of the wings is bluish hyaline with The apex of the primary is not tipped with white. The antennae are white at the ends, as is also the front. The pectus is pale yellow, and so also the lower side of the abdomen. The patagiae, the inner edge of the coxae and tibiae, the sides black markings. 376 before the anal extremity, and the anal tuft are bright orange. The remainder of the body and its ambulatory appendages are deep black. The abdomen of the male is greatly compressed after the thorax as far as the fifth segment from the end, where it is suddenly enlarged. Q. The female is marked much as the male, but the wings are broader and the body is stout. The entire head and collar are orange, and there is an orange annular band surrounding the abdomen on the fifth seg- ment from the end. Expanse, @ and 2 23 mm. Described from a pair taken in coitu Feb. 20th, 1888. 14. S. Goodii, sp. nov. @. The wings are pointed at the apex of the primaries, and the outer margin of the primaries is only very slightly convex. The outer two-thirds of the primaries is heavily velvety black, marked by two moderately large hyaline spots, of which the uppermost, situated near the costa, about one-third of the distance from the apex is triangular, and the lower, which is suboval, is bisected by the second median nervule. The black area of the outer part of the wing is separated from the basal third, which is vitreous, by a line running from the costa perpendicularly to the inner margin near the middle. The inner margin of the clear space at the base of the primaries is narrowly bordered with black. The seconda- ries are heavily bordered with black at the outer angle and along the outer margin and very narrowly bordered with the same color along the inner margin. The marginal band is produced inwardly at the extremity of the first median nervule. The antennae are tipped with white. All of the remainder of the body and its appendages are black glossed with bluish green, except the inner margins of the coxae and tibiae, and the edges of the ventral segments upon the lower side, which are margined with white. Expanse, 25 mm. 15. S. reutlingert, sp.nov. §. Allied to Ys BEV 1B [January 1893. the preceding species. It differs from it in that the broad black area covering the outer two-thirds of the wing is defined inwardly by a line running from the costa diagonally to the outer angle, and not perpendicularly to the middle of the inner margin as in S. Goodi?. Furthermore the hyaline spots of the apical region are much larger and the upper triangular spot is bisected by the first subcostal nervule, so that by reason of the bisection of the lower spot by the second median nervule, there is produced the ap- pearance of four spots in this part of the wing. The secondaries are very narrowly and evenly margined with black. The front is white. The entire body, the antennae and the legs, are uniformly dull black, without any lighter markings. Expanse, 27 mm. 16. S. leucerythra, sp. nov. @. The an- terior wings are strongly convex on the ex- terior margin, and rounded at the apex. Upper side. The prevalent color of the anterior wings, the thorax, and the abdomen is orange-rufous. The front, the posterior wings, and a band behind the thorax are paler yellowish red. Both the primaries and secondaries are very narrowly and evenly margined with light brown. The anterior wings are marked by five hyaline spots, bor- dered externally by light brown. ‘They are as follows: Three, forming a transverse, curved, median series, the uppermost spot in which is quadrate, and lies at the end of the cell, the second subtriangular, and_ situ- ated below the cell before the origin of the first median and the third oval and lying between the submedian nerve and the first median nervule; a subtriangular spot situated near the costa, one-third of the distance from the apex to the base, bisected by the first subcostal nervule; and a large oval spot situated near the middle of the outer margin, and bisected by the second median nervule. The posterior wings are immaculate. Under side. The basal third of the primaries and the entire surface of the nervule, January 1893.] PSYCHE. 377 ON THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MIRAX FOUND IN NORTH AMERICA. BY WM. H. ASHMEAD, No species in the genus Mirax is yet described from the United States, although in Insect Life, v. 3, p. 15, I have indicated three species in Ms. reared by Dr. Riley at the Department of Agriculture. In Europe, only a single species ap- pears to be known, viz., M@irax spart¢i Haliday, the type of the genus, para- sitic on Wepticula septembrella Stain- ton, a Tineid found mining the leaves of St. John’s Wort, Hypericum per fol- zatum. The habits of our species conform to the European species, in that they are parasitic on the Tineina. Species black, base of abdomen pale. Scutellum polished. WASHINGTON, D. C. Mrrax Haripay. ‘*Maxillary palpi 4-, labial 3-jointed. Antennae 14-jointed. Eyes somewhat villose. Abdomen showing 7 segments above, 6 beneath, smooth, shining. Radius of the fore wing hardly in- choate, springing from the same point in the stigma as the Ist intercubital; two cubital areolets, the 2nd imperfectly separated from the radial. Terebra sub- exserted.’’—Marshall. Our species may be synoptically rep- resented as follows :— Three basal abdominal segments pale; second flagellar joint about as long as the first. Stigma brownish-yellow; legs yellowish sometimes tinged with fuscous, the articulations pale ; first submarginal and first discoidal cells confluent. Stigma fuscous; legs brownish-yellow, the tarsi M. aspidiscae. fuscous; first submarginal and first discoidal cells distinctly separated. Scutellum finely punctate. M. minuta. Stigma pale brownish; hind tarsi fuscous ; first submarginal and first discoidal cells not entirely separated. Antennae longer than body, the 7 terminal long as thick. joints 24 times as my M. Uthocolletidts. Antennae longer than body, the joints after the 3rd 4 times as long as thick ; all femora andthe hind tibiae and tarsi tinged with fuscous. Wholly brownish-yellow, all tarsi fuscous. M. grapholithae. M. pallida. 378 1. M. aspidiscae sp.n. § 2.—Length 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Black, shining, but microscopi- cally punctulate, pubescent; two basal joints of antennae and sometimes base of the third and legs brownish-yellow; sometimes more or less of the femora, especially toward base, posterior tibiae and tarsi fuscous or dusky in female; abdomen, in female with three basal segments pale, in male with only two, oval, black or brown-black. Antennae 14-jointed, as long as the body, the flagellar joints very gradually subequal after the second, the first and second the longest, about equal. Thorax without furrows, the scutellum polished, the metanotum with a median carina. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures pale brown- ish yellow, the first submarginal and first discoidal cells confluent. Hab.—United States. Types in National museum and Coll. Ashmead. This species seems to be a common parasite on Aspidisca splendortferella Clem., a small case-bearing ineid on apple. were reared in 1879, and the same is figured in Prof. Comstock’s Report for the ysame year, pl..2, fig: 2, 2 My specimens were reared from this Tineid in 1888. Those in the National museum 2. M. minuta sp. n. 9.—Length 1 mm. Black, shining, faintly pubescent; flagellum brown-black, slightly incrassated toward the tip, the 7 terminal joints short, scarcely twice as long as thick; scape, pedicel, three basal abdominal segments and the legs, including all the coxae, yellow; tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, the stigma fuscous, other- wise the venation pale yellow; the first sub- marginal and first discoidal cells distinctly separated. Hab. Jacksonville, Florida. PSYCHE. [January 1893. Types in Coll. Ashmead. Comes closest to IZ. aspidiscae, but its smaller size and the distinctly sepa- rated first submarginal and first dis- coidal cells readily distinguish the species. 3. M. lithocolletidissp.n. @ 9.—Length 1.5to1.6mm. The head and thorax feebly rugose or punctulate, subopaque. Antennae filiform, 14-jointed, longer than the body, pubescent; scape beneath and pedicel at apex and beneath, yellowish; flagellum black or brown black, the joints to the last subequal, the last longer than the preceding; metano- tum with a grooved line at the middle; face, basal half of abdomen and legs yellow or brownish yellow; hind tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline, the costa and stigma fuscous, the other nervures yellowish; the first submar- ginal and the first discoidal cells not entirely separated. The first and second abdominal segments have a central longitudinal carina or fold. In the male, the head, thorax and apical half of abdomen are fuscous, while the orbits (broadly), lower part of cheeks, the face, basal half of abdomen, and the legs are yellow. Hab.—Washington, D. C. and Jack sonville, Florida. Types in National museum and Coll. Ashmead. The single specimen in the National museum was reared from a Leaf-miner on locust, Lthocolletts ornatella Chambers. 4. M. grapholithae sp. n. &.—Length 1.5 mm. Head and thorax black, shining, although finely punctate and sparsely seri- ceous. Abdomen brownish-piceous, blackish towards apex, pale yellowish towards base; legs pale brown, the femora towards base and hind tibiae and tarsi, dusky or fuscous. ee ee ee —S . January 1893.] _ Head transverse, very little broader than the ‘thorax, the occiput emarginate at middle, the cheeks margined; face below the antennae, prominently convex, shining, with sparse whitish hairs ; clypeus separated, subconvex; mandibles piceous; palpi brown, the maxil- laries very long. Antennae 14-jointed, longer than the body, setaceous, brown, the scape and pedicel yellowish ; scape not quite twice as long as the pedicel; flagellum slender, cylin- drical, the joints very slightly subequal, after the 3rd about 4 times as long as thick. Meta- notum with a median sulcus bounded by carinae. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures pale brown. Hab.—Washington, D. C. Type in National museum. The single ¢ specimen was reared May 3, 1881, from Grapholitha prunt- vora Walsh. mS 2 CHF. 379 5. M. pallidasp.n. 9.—Length 2 mm. Brownish-yellow, minutely closely punctu- late. Antennae 14-jointed, fuscous toward tips, flagellar joints 1 and 2 about equal, as long as the two last joints united, joints 3 and 4 about the length of the 2nd, those beyond gradually become shorter, subequal. Eyes brown, subpubescent. Mesopleurae smooth. Metanotum with a distinct median carina. Wings hyaline. the stigma and nervures brownish yellow. Abdomen oval, as long as the thorax, the first segment with a narrow linear shield, the membranaceous margins broad; ovipositor as long as the basal tarsal joint in hind legs. All tarsi more or less fuscous. Hab.—Jacksonville, Florida. Type in Coll. Ashmead. The large size and pale color readily distinguish the species. NOTES ON THE LARVAL STAGES OF ARCTIA BLAKEI Gnrort. BY HARRISON G. EUPREPIA (CYMBALOPHORA) BLAKEI Grote. 1863—Grote, Proc. ent. soc. Phil., iii, 523. Arctia. 1874—Stretch, Zyg. Bomb. N. A., 224. 1892—Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., i, 267. Afan- tests. superba Stretch. 1874—Stretch, Zyg. Bomb. N. A., 227. geneura Strecker. 1878—Strecker, Proc. Dav. acad. sci., ii, 270. 1884—French, Papilio, iv, 158. 1889—French, Can. ent., xxi, 162. tncorrupta Hy. Edwards. 1881—Hy. Edw., Papilio, i, 38. shastaensis Behrens. 1889—French, Can. ent., pp. 35 and 162. Var. NEVADENSIS Grote and Robinson. 1866—Grt. and Robs., Proc. ent. soc. Phil., vi, i. Avrctia. DYAR, BOSTON. MASS. 1886—Grote, Can. ent., xviii, 109. 1892—Kirby, Cat. lep. Het., i, 268. Afan- tests. behriz Stretch. 1872—Stretch, Zyg. Bomb., N. A., 75. var. SULPHURICA Neumoegen. 1885—Neum., Ent. amer., i, 93. elongata Stretch. 1885—Stretch, Ent. Amer., i, 105. 1892—Kirby, Cat. lep. Het. i, 270. ochracea \| Neum. 1883—Neum., Papilio, iii, 151. In Kirby’s catalogue the American species, formerly referred to Arctia, are distributed irregularly under three generic names. As the species do not seem to be separable gen- erically, I adopt the oldest name for the genus, viz. Euprepia Ochs. (1810), under which name are found &. pudica Esp. and E. fasctata Esp. Arctia Schrank is restricted 380 to A. villica Linn. and A. bze¢tz Oberthur, while the species formerly referred to Eu- prepia, viz. £. caja Linn. and allies, are referred to Hypercompa Hiibn. (Tentamen, 1805?) which is the same as Zoote Hiibn. (Verz., 1822?). The generic names of the catalogue may be used as subgeneric or group names; but the species must be better assorted than has been done. Apantesis Walker must be restricted to A. zazs and decorata; Callarctia Packard will stand for the species with the veins lined with pale scales, while the name Cymbalophora Ramb. can be used for the American allies of Z. pudica Esper, of which the present species, E. blakez Grt., is one. The following notes were made on the larvae :— Egg.—Sub-conoidal, flat at base, perfectly smooth even under the microscope; shining pale yellow; diameter 0.8 mm. The shell is transparent, so that the little larva can be plainly seen within. The eggs are laid un- attached, so that they readily roll about. First stage.—Head slightly bilobed, black and shining, paler around the mouth; width 0.4mm. Body normal, whitish, the cervical shield black; hairs evident, single from the concolorous warts, black. Later become black, large and distinct. Second stage.—Head bilobed, shining light brown, blackish at vertices of lobes and around mouth; eyes black; width 0.6 mm. Body very pale brown, with an obscure, slightly whitish, dorsal line; warts large with many long, spreading, blackish hairs; cer- vical shield and warts black. There is the appearance of a subdorsal line, caused by the contrast of the pale ground color with the warts of rows 2 and 3. Third stage.—Head bilobed, shining pale brown, black in front centrally and on vertex; ocelli large, black; width 0.8 mm. Body brown, with a rather broad whitish dorsal line; warts very large, black, with abundant long, spreading, black hairs, especially long posteriorly and supplemented by a few very the warts PSYCHE [January 1893. long white hairs, arising from joints 12 and 13. Cervical shield shining blackish brown; thoracic feet black. The larvae are very active in running to hide beneath leaves, etc., if disturbed. Fourth stage.—As before; width of head 1.1 mm. The dorsal line is straight and even, well defined, nearly white. The body is a little mottled on the sides, dark, nearly black on the back. Fifth stage.—Width of head 1.5 mm. Body, warts and hair all black except a narrow and rather faint reddish dorsal line, broken in the segmental incisures. Hair bristly, stiff and barbed, of irregular length. The body is pale ventrally and in the incisures ; thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones pale. A few very long white hairs as before. Sixth stage.*—Head shining pale brown, black all over the vertices of the lobes and in front on each side of the central suture and around the ocelli; antennae and mouth pale brown; width 1.75 mm. Body black above, blackish brown below, mottled with paler, with an obscure reddish brown dorsal band; warts deep black, tuberculate; hair short, but dense, bristly and barbed, deep black except from wart 6 where it is whitish. A few (about four) very long white hairs aris- ing from joints 12 and 13, directed posteriorly. Later the body becomes entirely deep black above with no dorsal line; the subventral hair is reddish. Eggs received from Mr. J. B. Lembert, Yosemite, California. As the accurate determination of species of Euprepia is difficult and attended with chances of error, lappend a description of the moth from which these eggs were ob- tained. *Not the normal sixth stage, as the width of head should have been 2.2mm. The larvae were bred under disadvantageous circumstances, being carried from Portland, Or. to Plattsburgh, N. Y., where they finally died from the effects of the hot weather and confinement. The stage above described is an inter- polated one and not the normal last stage. The species probably has but six stages naturally. ae _ | ellowish aa dorsal and are entirely ack. Fore wings deep black with salmon lowish on both sides. Basal half line nt, represented on one wing by a few les on the costa; trans.-ant. line reaching from costa to internal margin, rather narrow, ne slightly angulated, reaching only to the median band; terminal angular band (W-mark) normal, joining the trans.-post. ‘band at about its middle; fringe and internal margin narrowly salmon color. Hind wings scarlet (‘‘flame scarlet,” Ridgway, plate vii, fig. 14) with a narrow uneven outer black _ border, obsolete before internal angle; three A MONOGRAPH OF THE NoRTH AMERICAN TACHINIDAE.— Prof. C. H. Tyler Townsend is at present engaged on the preparation of Part I ofa monograph of the North American Tachinidae, which he hopes to have ready publication in about two months from this date. The part will embrace the Phasii- _ Gymnosomatidae, Ocypteridae, and dae. Any persons having material in any of these groups will confer a favor by sending it to Mr. Townsend, who will return it fully determined. The monograph will aim to represent the entire fauna of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama, including the West Indian forms. Subse- quent parts will follow in the course of time. Mr. Townsend has been engaged on this work for some years and has already a large amount of material on hand, but he is de- PSYCHE, 381 submarginal rounded-triangular spots, the last one at anal angle; two discal elongate spots, the inner one much elongate and at- taining the costa, the outer, small; a large spot on the middle of abdominal margin and a small one at base. All the black narrowly bordered with yellowish. Fringe narrowly yellowish salmon, Below, the col- ored parts of both wings are orange (Ridg- way, Pl. vi, f. 3) with the black parts as above. Expanse 42 mm. The moth here described differs from all those referred to in the synonymy given above in the absence of the basal half line, and I propose for it the varietal name ferpreta. The character, though slight, is usually of such diagnostic value in the case of E. blaket that its absence in this form seeis to warrant the different designation. Prof. French has described some moths of this form as Arctia geneura Strk. (Can. ent., xxi, 162). marks ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTes.—Miall and Ham- mond have just printed a paper in the Tran- sactions of the Linnean society of London on the development of the head in Chirono- mus, which will be found interesting from its representing a type intermediate between the apparently widely different types of Corethra and Musca, hitherto the best known. A great part of the head of the imago arises from paired invaginations extending far into the larval thorax. A feast of Chionobas is offered in the new Part of Edward’s Butterflies of North Amer- ica, for it is devoted entirely to four species of that genus, of which the transformations of two, C. jutta and C. brucez, are described in detail and figured profusely with exquisite skill, admirably bringing out their distinctive features. Considering the home of these insects, one cannot too strongly commend the perseverance which has culminated in such a series of plates as these. The text, too, is full and interesting, indicating curious 382 differences of behavior of the same insect in different places. Altogether this genus of butterflies is one of the most perplexing and interesting, so faras life-histories go. Dalla Torre’s projected Catalogus Hymen- opterorum in ten volumes has begun publi- cation, the sixth volume dealing with the Chrysididae having just been issued. An egg of an unknown Reduviid from Brazil, with a cap of most extraordinarily complicated structure, is described and figured by Sharp in the November Transactions of the Entomological society of London. Bauer and Raspe of Nuremberg announce the early publication of Vol. 4 of Keyserling’s Die Spinnen Amerikas containing the Epei- ridae, edited byDr. George Marx of Washing- ton. 61 species from the United States are included in the work which will be sold for $18. The first part of the second volume of the Actes of the Scientific society of Chili is PSY CHILE [January 1893. entirely devoted (176 pp.) to a paper by Ruga Borne on a poisonous spider of that country, Latrodectus formidabilis. Although con- tributed to a French society, the memoir is in Spanish. ‘There are no illustrations. A fragment of a proposed Manual of the butterflies of America north of Mexico, com- prising the six tribes of Nymphalinae which are exclusively tropical, is printed by S. H. Scudder in the Proceedings of the American academy of arts and sciences. Captain Casey has publishedin the Annals of the N. Y. academy a fourth instalment (354 pp-) of his Coleopterological notices. It is almost entirely devoted to N. A. Rhyn- chophora, and more than half of it to the Barini, in which thirty-nine genera, eighteen of them new, are recognized. The principal articles in Pysche are now allindexed in full in the Weekly review of newspaper and periodical literature, pub- lished weekly in Boston. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Ganada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScupDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 zez. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN £.:Ce:, 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. RHOPALOCERA. Rhopalocera from Europe, New Grenada, Sik- kim, Assam, Pulo Nias, British Guiana, Congo Free State and various Polynesian Islands. Cor- respondents will oblige by stating desiderata. Vo post cards. DRO). we REED: Ryhope, Sunderland, England. ADVERTISEMENT, Undersigned wishes to obtain either by exchange or icr cash, Cicindelidae and rare Carabidae from all parts ofthe U.S. Lists please address to A. LUEVGENS, 207 ©. 15 Street, N. Y. City. THE NEW ENGLAND SPIDERS. By J. H. EMERTON. In seven parts from the Transactions of the Con- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences Vols. VI, VII and VIII containing descriptions of 340 species with 1400 figures. Price for the whole $6.00, or either part sold separately. Sent by mail on receipt of price. J. H. EMERTON, Boston, Mass. ioe AT On ENTOMOLOGY. [ Established in 1874. | Vol. 6. No. 202. FEBRUARY, 1893. CONTENTS: COMMUNAL COCOONS AND THE MOTHS WHICH WEAVE THEM.—(Plate 9).—W. F. Flolland. 3 : : , : : : ON THE ATTRACTION OF LIGHT FOR THE TWO SEXES OF Eisesue. ge F. Wickham. : LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL Names OME grant roi the Bache Peand: the eng tert eaiteenen of Indian Lepidoptera at Pittsburgh; Indiana butterflies). : : DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEST AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.— Il.—W. $. Holland. A MELANISTIC Locust.—A. P. Morse. A NEW AMERICAN Lacrnius.— Wathan Bune. 5 THE LARVAL STAGES OF ICHTHYURA MULTNOMA Dyar. ae, G. De THe MorPHoLoGy AND PHYLOGENY OF INSECTS.— JV. mae WESTWOOD AND STAINTON. : ENTOMOLOGICAL Notes (Moore’s Tspiaopters Tanica Outen gacnen? s cineeineatioe of Diptera orthorrhapha; Distant’s Oriental Cicadidae; Washington entomo- logy). : : : : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ei cr Be ronan Choe Guateronte and aaieceoic Phasmidae compared; malformations in embryo Dissosteira; exhibition of specimens). PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. 385 391 392 393 401 402 403 404 405 405 406 YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 2oc: [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 384 PS ETT is [February 1893. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. ETC. . JE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered | renewed. TE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 | Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, ¢f o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. JE Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. J2= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, Shs .60 Quarter “ is . 1.25 1.00 Half os re . PPS, Singhs One < Me e 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais are pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ihe North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 18go. 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 leak taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, 5. H. ‘The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .5o Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names Prppeees for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. I.00 Scudder, S. H. The pine- SAoth of Nan tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. ae 42-46. Stettin, 1881- -1885, 5.00 U. S. Entomological Commission. Bulleans: INGOSS 1 25 Ga Oy G : I.00 —Fourth Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any Janguage I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or by purchase, from any part of North America including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Will not promise to name or return specimens sent. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. \ i y! ’ 1 * i t ! ay ' 4 ' ' } Ly ie , : “Ti eel ih if - 7 a i cae i f ; he ls : ' . Me . <3 e i" - : 7 ¥ J aS oe a . Ks Car Gy : bs] { 1 2 ‘i a id rad Ae Gu f ie i ite ‘ + 7 ime =“ rh. 7 eS Se ee - f ie 7 fh 7 p - ae an ie al 1 - ¥ Plate 9 PSY CHE. COMMUNAL COCOONS AND THE MOTHS WHICH WEAVE THEM. BY W. J. HOLLAND, PH.D., PITTSBURGH, PENN. [ Annual address of the retiring president of the Cambridge Entomological Club, 13 January, 1893.] One of the comparatively recent dis- coveries in the field of entomological investigation has been that of the curi- ous habit possessed by certain lepidop- terous larvae of living in communities and weaving for themselves a_ large outer cocoon, or envelope, in which they each subsequently spin a smaller cocoon in which they undergo trans- formation into the chrysalid state, and from which they subsequently emerge as moths. Thus far this habit has only been observed in the hyponomeutid genus Hyphantidium, the genera Anaphe, Walk., and Hypsoides, Butl. (Coenostegia, Mabille), which been commonly referred to the Noto- dontidae,* and the pyralid genus Coeno- To this list I now have the pleasure of adding a lip- arid moth from tropical West Africa, for which I propose the generic name Oecura, and which I shall specifically designate by the name of its discoverer, the earnest and talented explorer, Rev. Dr. Good, to whom I have in recent have domus, Walsingham. * Probably more correctly referred to the Liparidae. years been indebted for many notable acquisitions to my collection. I append also the description of two new species of Anaphe, from the tropical West Coast of Africa, A. clara, mihi, and A. subsordida, mihi (vide infra). The first reference which I have been able to find to the curious habit to which I have made allusion is in an article com- municated by Dr. Ch. Coquerel to the Entomological society of France at its meeting held Dec. 13, 1854, and pub- lished in the Annales for the year 1855.7 He alludes to the great cocoons as well known objects, ‘‘On connaissait depuis longtemps ces grandes poches de soie qui garnissent souvent toutes les branches principales de plusieurs arbres de Mada- gascar appartenant pour la plupart a la famille de Légumineuses (Szz¢rza t Mimosa Lebbek, etc.) mais on n’avait jamais décrit les Madagascariensis, insectes qui forment ces cocons, avec + Observations entomologiques sur divers insectes recueillis A Madagascar. sme partie. Par M. le Dr- Ch. Coquerel, Annales de la Soc. ent. de France, 3me serie, vol. iii, p. 529 ef seq. { Intsia Madagascariensis. ‘‘Sutria’’ is a misprint. 386 lesquels les Malgaches tissent des étoffes remarquable par leur éclat et leur soli- dité.”” He informs us that the cater- pillars of Bombyx (Hypsotdes) Rada- ma, Coq., live after the manner of the common European processionaries, and after having woven in common an enor- mous pouch which is often several feet in length, each forms in its interior an individual coccon, and there undergoes the final transformation. The species described by Coquerel in this paper are flypsoides Radama, and Hi. Diego, and Azxaphe Panda, Boisd., the latter from Natal, in reference to which Mons. Coquerel remarks that it has the same larval habits as the two Mascarene spe- cies, and that its silk is employed in the same way by the natives of the country in which it is found. Subsequently, in 1863, Dr. Coquerel and Mons. A. Vin- son published another paper upon this subject in the Bulletin de la Société d’acclimatation et d’histoire naturelle de la Réunion, and followed it in 1866 by a paper in the Bulletin of the French Société d’acclimatation. The last article by Dr. Coquerel which treats of the subject is contained in the Annales of the Entomological society of France for 1866, having been presented at the meet- ing of the Society held in July of that year. This article is accompanied by a plate representing the cocoons and outer cocoon-bag woven by “#/. Radama. Meanwhile in 1859 Mr. A. W. Scott published in the Proceedings of the Zoological society of London a paper in which he described a moth found in New South Wales, which is referred to P SUCHE, [February 1893. the Hyponomeutidae, and to which he gave the name Hyphantidium sert- ceartum. The social habits of the larvae of this insect are remotely related to those of the Mascarene insects de- scribed by Coquerel. The paper of Mr. Scott is accompanied by a plate giving anatomical details of Hyphan- tidium. For seventeen years after the publication of the last paper by Cogq- uerel, or from 1866 to 1883, nothing appears to have been added to the liter- ature of this interesting subject, though Mr. A.G. Butler in 1877 and again in 1878 described a species of Anaphe, the former from Ambriz, and the latter from Old Calabar; and in 1882 erected the genus Hypsoides for the reception of H. d¢pars, a new species from Mada- gascar, strictly congeneric with Bombyx Radama, Coq.,and Bombyx Diego, Coq. In 1883 Carl Fromholz published an article in the Berliner entomolo- gische zeitschrift (Band xxvii, pp. 9 et seg.), in whichhe gives an interesting account of the larval habits of Anxaphe panda, Boisd., based upon material which had been presented to the ento- mological museum at Berlin by the German traveller, Dr. Fischer. The paper is accompanied by a plate upon which the larva and the cocoon-bag of A. panda are depicted. According to the information given by Dr. Fischer the natives of the region about sixty miles inland from Dar-es- Salaam, where the cocoons were ob- tained, report that the caterpillars occupy the nest, which they weave as a common home, for two years before savant and February 1893.] emerging as moths. The nests, accord- ing to the same authority, are collected by the blacks, and in times of want are added to the stores of the native larder. The ture of the subject is the masterly article by Lord Walsingham published in the Transactions of the Linnean Society for the year 1885, founded largely upon material communicated to the writer by Col. J. H. Bowker. This article is profusely illustrated, and Walsingham describes and figures two new species of the genus Anaphe, A. infractarand A. carterz. Accord- ing to information given Lord Walsing- ham by Col. Bowker, the natives of South Africa use the silk of the cocoon- bags in cases of injury very much as oiled silk is used by surgeons in more civilized lands. Lord Walsingham followed his paper upon the genus Anaphe by a paper published in the Transactions of the Linnean Society for 1887 upon Coenodomus Hockingii, Wls., a curious pyralid moth found in the Punjab, which has larval habits somewhat closely allied to those of the African genera Anaphe and Hypsoides. This paper is accompanied by a most excellent plate, giving full details. In 1888 Mr. H. Druce described in the Proceedings of the Zoological society of London a new species of Anaphe from Gambia, which he names after its dis- coverer, A. Moloneyz. Mr. Druce says that the cocoon of this species, which had been presented to him by Capt. Moloney, was ‘‘almost the shape of a large pear, about five inches long, and next contribution to the litera- PSYCHE. 387 was found hanging from the branch of a tree by a fine silken thread.” He also notes the fact that he had recently re- ceived from Mr. A. Higgins a specimen of the cocoon of A. zxfracta, Wls., ob- tained at ‘‘Ile Ife, about fifty miles in- land from Lagos, where they are very common, hanging from trees.’’ He adds ‘*The natives eat the larvae, which are of a reddish brown color ; they fry them Mr. that they are of a sweetish taste when in palm-oil. Higgins informs me cooked. They also make use of the silk, taking it from the cocoons, wash- ing it, and forming it into hanks, which they sell in the market-places; it is also made into rough cloths by the women.” The cocoon given to Mr. Druce by Capt. Moloney yielded Mr. Druce about sixty moths, and I am personally in- debted to him for a fine suite of this species now in my collection. Thus far I have not received any specimens of Anaphe infracta from any of those persons, who have collected for me upon the West African coast south of Cape Lopez, but I have received several coc- oons of A. Moloneyt, from one of which, represented in the plate, about eighty moths had emerged previous to shipment. The last cocoon sent me was delayed in transit, and upon open- ing the tin box containing it, 1 found the remains of a large number of moths which had emerged and perished upon the journey. The cocoons of A. ALoloneyé which I have received have not been suspended by a thread of silk, but are firmly fixed among the outer twigs of branches. The 388 cocoon represented upon the plate is 64 inches in the major, and 3? inches in the minor diameter. The cocoon of Oecura Goodi? depicted upon the same plate is flattish and was found attached to the trunk of a tree, and superficially in form and color strikingly resembles a reddish brown fungoid growth. It is 62 inches long and 44 inches wide upon the longest diameters, and at the deepest point in the middle not more than 1 inch thick. Dissected across the middle its section presents the form of an arc, the chord of which represents the base by which it was attached to the bark of the tree. The inner cocoons are less than an inch in length and about one- third of an inch in diameter, and are arranged with the longer axis in a posi- tion vertical to the base in the middle, and as the outer circumference is reached with the longer axis sloping inwardly, while just at the edge a few cocoons are The im- disposed horizontally to the base. are very compact, and The outer cocoons bedded in layers of soft silk. investiture or covering is composed of several distinct layers and superficially is smoother and more compact than in the cocoon of A. Moloneyz. When the insect emerges from the inner cocoon it has also to force its way out through the tissues of the external envelope, which yield to the advance, but close again, leaving hardly any trace of the perfora- tion. Thereis no common passage for exit. It is worthy of note that these insects appear to be peculiarly subject to the attacks of parasitic enemies. Fromholz PSE CLT, [February 1893. describes a lepidopterous parasite to which he gives the name Zophodiopsis hyaenella, and which from the descrip- tion and figure I judge to be identical with the insect described by Coquerel in 1885 as Chilo carnifex. The same insect is found upon the West African coast. Walsingham figures a Tachina, I. Onchestus, Walk., which preys upon the larvae. I have a series of Tachina which emerged from the co- coons figured upon the plate, but which do not appear to be identical with the species named by Walker. I append some extracts from the notes sent me by Mr. Good. No. 100. ( Oecura Goodz?, Holl.) ‘*March 4th, 1891. March tst, my boy returned from down river with the queer object labelled No. 100. He found it attached to the trunk of a tree and pulled it off. Three days ago I saw it first, and pulled off one of the cocoon cells. Cutting it open I founda caterpillar about haif changed to a chry- salis. They must only have just spun up when they were discovered. May goth. Three moths came out in the box in which this ‘‘comb” of cocoons was kept. Ithought they came from it, but I could only find very small rents in its face, so I waited for more to emerge. No more came out till May 11th, when, to make certain that they had not come from something I had forgotten in the ground at the bottom of the box in which they were, I turned out all the earth. May tgth. Today two more of these Seven days ago, February 1893. ] moths came out, but one had damaged itself. May 22nd. Another moth emerged. May 23rd. Another moth hatched. May 30th. Another moth has come out. A large number of flies, not moths, (Tachina), also came out of this mass of cocoons, each one of which had of course destroyed a chrysalis. Two of these I send pinned and numbered 100.” No. 121. (Anaphe Moloneyz, Druce.) “Sept. 29th, 1891. This morning a native brought me the cocoon numbered I have seen several similar co- I supposed this to have yale coons before. been spun up by a single very large caterpillar. I bought it and laid it down on my table till I could finish what I was doing, when the boys called to me, and pointed out that a moth had come out, and there it was, creeping up the wall, where it finally settled in order to allow its wings to develop. I now realize that I have another multiple cocoon like No. 100. There must be a number of species which spin such cocoons, for I have seen several others like this one but differing in important particulars. Oct. 5th. Four more of the moths have hatched. Oct. 6th. Three more came out today. I remark that all of these moths so far have emerged from the cocoon between gand 10 a.M. All African butterflies come out in the morning from the chrysalis, and all moths so far as I have observed in the afternoon, or during the PSYCHE. 389 night. 1 at first thought these might be day-flying moths, but they seem not to be, as they do not stir all day long. As was the case with No. 100, so here, a great many flies are emerging from this cocoon. I should say two flies come out for every moth. I send a couple of them pinned and numbered eu tae that which emerged from the cocoon of Oecura. ) “Oct. 24th. The flies have ceased to emerge, but the moths are still coming. At first mostly males came out, then males and females, later only females. Three or four days ago I thought all the moths were out. All had apparently come out of one side, that from which (They are of the same species as the twigs project, and I supposed that these were all that the nest contained. But a day or two ago they began to come out from the other side and today I suppose the From the four emerged, all males. females will come later.” dates on the envelopes it is plain that this surmise was correct. It only remains to be said that in the economy of these insects we have a wonderful illustration of instinct, scarcely less remarkable than that dis- played by the bee, and especially won- derful because exhibited by the insect in its larval, and therefore immature, state. OECURA,* gen. nov. Palpi minute, porrect, compressed, heavily clothed with short hairs, the third joint short and clothed with hair to its tip, and almost lost in the hairy vestiture of the second joints * Ouxovpa = Domi rectrix, 390 The antennae of the male are moderately short, heavily pectinated, of the female equally long but less heavily pectinated. The pectinations are margined on both sides with delicate hairs and have a spur on the outer edge near the extremity. The legs are hirsute with two spurs upon the tibiae of the last pair. The abdomen in the male has two minute tufts upon the dorsal line back of the thorax. The radial on the primaries and the secondaries springs from near the bottom of the cell. The primaries are subtriangular with the costa very moderately convex, or nearly straight for two-thirds of the distance from the base with the apex rounded and the outer margin evenly convex, the inner angle is rounded, and the inner margin slightly convex before the base.’ The secondaries are sub-pyriform with the outer margin evenly rounded. The prevalent coloration is obscure brown and gray. ‘The larva is characterized by the habit of forming social cocoons, a multitude of individuals weaving a common covering of silk, which is applied to the trunks of trees and similar situations and presents the appearance of a fungoid growth, within which each larva weaves a smaller cocoon in which it undergoes final transform- ation. Oecura Goodti, sp.nov. @. Palpi, front and collar dark brown. Antennae testaceous, The patagiae are brown margined externally and internally by a few grayish hairs, or scales. The upper part of the abdomen im- mediately back of the thorax is grayish, the remainder of the abdomen is pale brown with an ochraceous tint on the sides. The under- side of the thorax and the abdomen is obscure ochraceous. The legs are brown with the tibiae and tarsiannulated with whitish. The primaries are dark brown with some greenish- gray markings near the base, a broad green- ish-gray spot on the inner margin near the middle succeeded by a transverse crenulate limbal line of black. The margin is marked on the interspaces with greenish-gray spots, PSTCHE: [February 1893 which increase from the apex as far as the third median nervule, then diminish and widen again to the outer angle, which is whitish. These spots are all marked on the middle by a narrow dark line. The fringes are dark brown checked with pale gray at the ends of the nervules, but at the outer angle the fringe is whitish. The secondaries are fuscous with an obscure discocellular mark and a submarginal transverse band. The fringes are as on the primaries from the outer angle to just before the anal angle, at which they are uniformly gray. The under side is pale fuscous with tbe middle area of the primaries clouded with pale fuliginous. Both wings have an obscure discal dot at the end of the cell. Bothare traversed from the costa by an incomplete brownish transverse median line. The primaries have in addition a parallel transverse submarginal band. Q. Female almost exactly like the male but larger. Expanse, f, 33mm.; 2, 45 mm. ANAPHE, Walk. A. clara, sp. nov. ¢@. Very like A. Moloneyt, Druce, but readily distinguished from that species by the fact that the nervules are not black at their extremities upon the upper side, and by the fact that on the lower side the primaries have the cell clouded with chocolate and the apex as far as the third median is heavily marked with blackish scales. There is also a dark brown mark upon the secondaries at the middle of the costa. The species is also prevalently smaller in size than A. Moloney. Expanse @, 30 to 4omm.; &, 65mm. : A. subsordida, sp. nov. @. Allied to A. Moloney? but with the wings narrower and more elongate, having but one transverse black line which is connected with the dark outer margin by a heavy black ray running along the radial and by a similar black ray on the extremity of the first median nervule. On the under side the markings of the upper side reappear, but almost the entire apical February 1893.] area enclosed between the transverse line and the radial ray is dark reddish-brown. In ad- dition to the two rays of the upper surface, there is a dark ray upon the lower side upon the second median. Expanse 2 55 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Q. Fig. 1. Cocoon-bag of O6¢ecura Goodit, Holl. The dotted line indicates a portion removed for purposes of dissection. PS PCHE. 391 Fig. 2. Cocoon-bag of Anaphe Moloney? Druce. Fig. 3. Oecura Goodii, &, sp. n. Fig. 4. Oecura Goodit, 2, sp. n. Fig. 5. Anaphe clara, §,sp.n. Fig. 6. Anaphe subsordida, 2, sp. n. Fig. 7. Anaphe moloneyz, 9, Druce. Fig. 8. Anaphe tnfracta, 2, Wls. Gm Lit ATPRACTION: OF LIGHT FOR THE TWO SEXES OF COLEOPTERA. BY HENRY FREDERICK WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. Referring to the capture of moths, Dr. A. S. Packard writes, in a foot-note on page 246 of his ‘‘Entomology for Beginners,” ‘‘It is a curious fact that in general the males alone are attracted to light; the same is probably true of beetles, especially the June’ beetle.” As this statement does not agree very well with my own experience in col- lecting Coleoptera I have been led to go over a portion of my material and embody the results in the following table. With the exception of the speci- mens from Tucson, which were taken at street gas-lamps, all were captured at electric light. Fifteen sets of insects have been examined. table and I have subjoined the locality in which each was taken as I find that a set from one locality will give a dif- ferent proportion of a certain sex than that from another. With the imper- fect data at hand it is impossible for me These are numbered in the to determine what relation the date of capture may have to the proportion of either sex (since it sometimes happens that one sex appears somewhat earlier than the other) and I leave this for future studies. As a rule only a few days were spent at any one collecting point and the set of each species repre- sents the work of two or three consecu- tive evenings, never of more than a week. The insects have been taken at ran- dom from. several different families, chiefly using genera, however, in which the male secondary sexual characters are sufficiently well developed t> enable the sexes to be separated without too much trouble or chance of error. Of these sets, those marked 1, 3, 9, 12 are from Tucson, Arizona; 2, 4, 5, 10, 15, from Albuquerque, New Mex- ico; 13, 14, from Spokane Falls, Wash- ington, all collected by myself. The remainder are from Lincoln, Nebraska 392 and were kindly given me by Professor Shimek. Za @ Bg <2 ote o a } Io @ 4 Me) ona 88 : 32 7 52 Bs if Boe 8 Fa Bae 7 a. n 2 oO 1. Tetracha carolina. 35 (27, 8 77.1 22.9 2. Cicindela sperata. 50 24 26 48. 52. 3. Cicindela lemniscata. 55 35 20 63.6 36.4 4. Bledius armatus. 10) 3 7) Ob. FE 5. Lachnosterna longitarsis. 9 5 4 55:6 44.4 6. Lachnosterna fusca. 150 108 42 72. 28. 7. Lachnost. crassissima. 26 13 13 50. 50. 8. Lachnosterna hirticula. 20 17 By iss Gp g. Cyclocephala (mixed set). 45 35 9 80. 20, 10. Cyclocephalaimmaculata. 18 G25 °33-3\ 166.7 11. Cyclocephala sé 100 © 100 0. 100. 12. Chalepus obsoietus. 130. 33 OF 25-4. 74.0 13. Ergates spiculatus. 49 17 32 34.7 65:3 14. Prionus californicus. 108 58 50 53-7 40.3 4 42. 28. 15. Macrobasis atrivittata. 25 18 In eight cases we find a preponder- ance of males; in six the females are more numerous, while in one case an equal number of each sex is found. In no instance is the set composed entirely has in a very large of males, though the reverse occurred once, and series. It is worthy of note that many species which are usually considered strictly PSYCHE. [February 1893- diurnal in habit are attracted a long distance by light—as, for example, a number of Cicindelae. Of the genus Cicindela I have taken lepida, punctu- lata and praetextata in such situations as well as the two mentioned in the table. No rule can be formulated in this case as to the attraction exerted on each sex —sometimes the males are more numerous, sometimes the females. Several genera of Scarabaeidae, not here tabulated, show a varying propor- tion offemales. Checroplatys clunalis,* which appears in our Check-list under three specific names under the genera Aphonus and Orizabus, furnishes about equal numbers of each sex. Polyphylla is chiefly seen in the male sex and the same is true, so far as my experience goes, of Plectrodes. It will be seen, then, from the fore- going notes, that captures of Coleoptera at light need by no means be confined to males only and that it can hardly be stated as a general rule that these alone are attracted. LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL Nores. —It_ will please our readers to hear that Mr. W. H. Edwards has received a grant of $500 from the Bache Fund of the National academy of sciences to complete the publication of his researches into the life histories of American butterflies. One of the most zealous collectors of Indian Lepidoptera has been Col. Knyvett, who for many years has been in charge of the police forces in the province of Bengal and has util- ized the native policemen in his entomologi- cal labors. His entire collection, numbering over 700 species of rhopalocera in splendid suites and nearly 2000 species of heterocera in equally fine suites, about 10,000 specimens, has been purchased at the suggestion of Dr. Holland by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. They will be under Dr. Holland’s care and ulti- mately be placed in the museum which Mr. Carnegie is building in Pittsburgh, Penn. The specimens have all been examined and named by the most eminent English special- ists, Elwes, Hampson, Warren, Myrick and Butler. Blatchley records 108 species of Indiana butterflies in a catalogue published in the 17th report of the state geologist, 1892. * For the synonymy of this species see Mr. H. W. Bates in Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Cole- optera, Vol. II, part 2, p. 321. February 1893.] (Continued from page 376.) secondaries are pale yellowish red, of the same tint as the upper surface of the seconda- ries. The outer two-thirds of the primaries are fuscous. The hyaline spots reappear upon the lower side of the primaries without any modification in form. The legs and lower side of the body are uniformly of the same pale red color as the adjacent wing surfaces. The antennae are light brown tipped with pale amber-yellow. The eyes are black. Expanse, 40 mm. This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus. My specimen was taken on the shores of Lake Onanga, and is unique. 17. S. leucogastra, sp.nov. 92. Antennae black, very minutely tipped with white. Lower side of palpi, pectus, tibiae, and tarsi orange-rufous. Front, collar, tegulae, lower side of thorax, and upper side of both thorax and abdomen black. The lower side of the abdomen is broadly pure white, and the upper side of the anal extremity bright orange. There are also a few small vermilion spots upon the upper side of the abdomen on the median line, and on either side just behind the thorax. The wings are deep plack. There are four pellucid spots upon the primaries, a square one at the end of the cell and a smaller one below the cell nearer the base, a small oval spot beyond the cell near the costa and a larger round one below this. Upon the secondaries there is an ex- ceedingly minute translucent spot at the end of the cell. Expanse, 26 mm. 18. S. cytogaster, sp. nov. §. Antennae strongly pectinated, abdomen compressed behind the thorax. Possibly referable to the genus Glaucopis. The wings are marked exactly asin S. mzserabilis, Holl. The front, a spot on each side of the thorax at the base of the primaries, a spot on the median line of the upper side of the abdomen just behind the thorax, the pectus, the tibiae, and the lower side of the constricted portion of the Vick p Se gh Ms 393 abdomen and the outer edges of the remain- ing segments of the abdomen on the under side are all white. The end of the abdomen is tufted with white hairs. Expanse, 18 mm. Habitat Talaguga, August. 19. S. cybelistes, sp.nov. 2. Allied to S. constricta, Butl., but the primaries are more acute at the apex, and all the translucent spots are greatly reduced in size because of the widening of the intervening black portions of the wing. The outer margin and the costa of the secondaries are broadly black, while in S. constricta they are narrowly black. There is furthermore a large triangular white patch on the outer margin of the primaries below the apex. There is but one white ring on the abdomen behind the thorax, the white ring which is found in S. constricta toward the end of the abdomen being wanting in the present species. Expanse, 28 mm. 20. S. creobota, sp. nov. @. S. cerbera, Linn., but not so robust. An- tennae white at the tips. The primaries are marked as in S. cerbera, except that they are not white at the apices. The secondaries are more acute at the outer angle, and the translucent spots relatively smaller than in S. cerbera. The thoraxat the base of both wings on the under side has an orange spot, and the upper side of the abdomen is solid orange-red from the thorax to the fourth seg- ment from the end, except on the middle ventral line of the under side, which with all the rest of the body is blue-black. The tibiae are margined with white. Expanse, 28 mm. Allied to 21. S. crenophylax, sp. nov. @. Allied in general outline to S. deucogastra. moderately pectinated. Front and pectus white. Collar, a spot on the lower side of the thorax on each side at base of the prim- aries, and the entire lower side of the abdo- men bright orange-red. The upper side of the thorax is black. The abdomen upon the upper side is ringed with bright shining green next to the thorax, this green band is Antennae 394 followed by a black band, and this is suc- ceeded by a crimson band and the end of the abdomen is bright shining green. are translucent. The wings The primaries have the costa and the outer margin narrowly mar- gined with black, and the inner margin more heavily margined with the same color, the border here being produced in the direction of the cell about the middle of the margin. The discocellular and the radial are heavily marked with black. The secondaries on the costa are heavily, and on the outer and inner margins narrowly, bordered with black. Expanse, 22 mm. SYRINGURA,* gen. nov. Allied to Syntomis. Palpi exceedingly minute, appressed, the terminal joint porrect. Haustellum half as long as the body. An- tennae long, terete, swollen before the tip, pointed. Tibiae without spines. Abdomen cylindrical, stout, with the last segments compressed and forming a short, narrow, tubiform appendage. Anterior wings pro- duced, subtriangular, with the costa rounded at base, very slightly concave at the middle, and curved before the apex. The apex is pointed and the exterior margin moderately convex. The posterior wings are elliptical with the outer angle acute. The anterior wings are ornamented with transparent spots. Type S. wranofetes, Holland. 22. S. uranopetes, sp.nov. @. Antennae black, margined with white on the lower side for a short distance before the tips, which are black. The entire body and legs are blue-black. The wings are black glossed with brilliant morpho-blue. The anterior wings on theupper side are ornamented with three moderately large spots arranged in a triangle beyond the middle of the wing, one on the end of the cell, another just below the extremity of the cell, both hyaline, the third before the apex inlaid with brilliant blue *Zupry{ = tuba, Ovpa = Cauda. PSYCHE. [February 1893. scales. hyaline. The basal area of the secondaries is The lower side of the wings is much as the upper, save that there is a sub- quadrate spot of bright blue on the costa of the secondaries before the Expanse, 32 mm. outer angle. MELISA, Walk. 23. M. grandis, sp. nov. 9. The prim- aries above are deep black shading on the outer half into deep violet-blue, which in certain lights reflects a green lustre. The secondaries are uniformly deep blue-black. Upon the under side both primaries and secondaries are uniformly deep black. The antennae, the thorax above and below, and the upper side of the abdomen are black, as are also the coxae and trochanters. The femora, tibiae and tarsi are pink, the lower side of the abdomen is luteous, tinged with pinkish near the thorax, the end of the abdo- men is furnished with a large brush of crimson hairs. The black segments of the abdomen have the position of the spiracles indicated by minute yellow spots, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments from the thorax each have in addition two large yellow spots, one on either side. Expanse, 55 mm. There is a specimen of this species in the British Museum unnamed. ARCTIIDAE. ApiIsa, Walk. 24. A. cénereo-costata, sp.nov. g. Very near A. canescens, Walk., but differs in being smaller, and in having the costa of the primaries narrowly bordered with brown. The posterior wings are also pure white, which they are not in4. canescens, the type of which I have compared with the species before me. Expanse, 25 mm. 25. “A. caka,, sp. nov. «a; Uniformly pale slaty grey, with the upper side of the February 1893. ] thorax, the palpi, and the forelegs darker grey. Near A. canescens, Walk., but different as is shown by comparison with the type of Walker’s species. Q. Like the male, but larger, and with much heavier body. Expanse, ¢ 30 mm; 2 37 mm. ANACE, Walk. 26. A. parachoria, sp. nov. g. Allied to A. perpusilla, Walk., but quite different. The prevalent color of the upper side of the body and wings is obscure ferruginous. The primaries are marked by four pale yellow spots arranged in transverse series of two spots, one discal and the other subapical, the spots nearest the costa being in each series the smallest. The basal and limbal area of the secondaries is also pale yellow. The abdominal segments near the thorax and at the end of the abdomen are margined laterally with pale yellow bands. The under- side of the wings is much as the upperside. @. This sex is characterized by being much larger in size, and by having the yellow area of the secondaries restricted to a small spot at the end of thecell. Expanse, g 22mm; 92 30 mm. 27. A. monotica,sp. nov. @. Antennae pale grey with the setae blackish, the upper side of the body is cinereous, with a pale annulus about the abdomen after the thorax. The underside of the palpi and of the thorax is whitish. The primaries are uniformly ashen grey except a large subtriangular spot which is pale yellow and extends from the costa before the base not quite to the inner margin. The secondaries are pale yellow, with the outer third ashen grey as the prim- aries. Upon the under side the basal third of the primaries and the entire secondaries are pale yellow, or whitish in some speci- mens. Expanse, 23 mm. There is an example of this species in the British Museum unnamed. PSYCHE, 395 METARCTIA, Walk. 28. M. paremphares, sp. nov. g.. Allied to M. inconspicua, Holl. (Entomologist, Sept., 1892). It differs, however, in the absence of the reddish color which prevails in that species upon the head and collar, and in the fact that the costa of both wings and the apical third of the primaries on the under side is dark brown. The head, thorax, and primaries above are dark ashen gray, the secondaries are uniformly white, the upper side of the abdomen is reddish ochraceous. The under side of the abdomen is dark brown, the wings are white, except upon the costae and upon the outer third of the prim- aries which are dark, like the upper side of the primaries. @. The female differs from the male in being larger and in having the secondaries slaty grey above and below except upon the inner margin of the under side. The prim- aries also are uniformly grey below, except just at the base, where they are whitish. Expanse, g 28 mm; 2 35 mm. 29. M. benitensts, sp. noy. Allied to the preceding, from which it differs in haying the upper side of the abdomen dark smoky brown as the primaries, and the secondaries of the same color as the primaries, and the under side throughout of the same tint as the upper surface of the primaries, or merelya shade lighter in some specimens. Expanse, & 30mm; 38mm. _ Habitat, Benita. 30. M. pareclecta, sp. nov. 9. Allied to the common M™. erubescens, Walk., but differs from it in being prevalently bright red, whereas Walker’s species is ochreous, shading into red upon the body and secondaries. In the style and location of the markings it does not differ from Walker’s type to any great extent, but very markedly in its color. The posterier wings are uniformly pale vermil- lion. The primaries are of the same color with the nerves and the spots on the discal 396 area bluish grey. The front and the palpi are bright red. The entire body and the entire under side of both wings are uniformly pale vermillion. Expanse, 35 mm. 31. M. haematica, sp. nov. g. Uniformly dull reddish, with the costa of the primaries, the upper side of the thorax, the front, and the forelegs brownish. The antennae are whitish. Expanse, 28 mm. 32. M. haematosphages, sp. nov. @. Antennae white. The upper side of the thorax is dark red. The upper side of the abdomen and of both primaries and second- aries are rich red, with the neurations faintly The outer margins are narrowly fringed with dark brown. The under side of the body is pale red. The under side of the wings are reddish clouded all over except upon the inner margin of the marked with brown. primaries with fuliginous scales. Expanse, 35 mm. 32. M. lutea, sp. nov. 2. Uniformly luteous throughout, except that the nervures on the upper side of the primaries and the outer margins of these wings are narrowly marked by greyish lines. Expanse, 35 mm. 33. M. haematoessa, sp. nov. G. Anten- nae whitish. Head, palpi and upper side of thorax dark brown; abdomen reddish ochra- ceous. Upper side. The primaries are red thickly irrorated with fuscous. The fringes are fuscous. The wing is ornamented by five moderately large light red spots, one in the middle and another at the end ofthe cell, two smaller ones without the cell at the origin of the first median nervule. The secondaries are uniformly pale orange red. Under side. The under side is a smoky brown except at the base and inner margin of both wings, which are pale orange-red. PST CHE. [Febiuary 1893. There are no spots on the under side, but the nerves are dark fuscous and clearly defined upon the ground color. Expanse, 45 mm. BALACRA, Walk. 34. B. glagoessa, sp. nov. @. The anten- nae, front, patagiae, the upper side of thorax, and the upper and lower side of abdomen are white. The eyes are black. The top of the head, the pectus, and the inner margins of the trochanters and femora are crimson. The wings are white both above and below and the primaries at the end of the cell and in the intra-neural spaces adjoining the end of the cell are translucent. 9. The female is like the male. Expanse, from 42 to 45 mm. This magnificent species is apparently quite common on the upper waters of the Ogové River. 35. B. rubricincta, sp. nov. @. The antennae are white. The front and the lower side of the thorax are crimson. The collar is white margined with crimson. The patagiae are crimson margined with white. The thorax and the abdomen are crimson with the segments margined with white on the upper surface. On the under side of the abdomen, which is white, there is a double row of crimson lunular marks, four in each series. The legs are white margined with crimson. The costa of the primaries is narrowly white. The rest of the wing is saffron. There is a white spot near the inner margin upon the sub- median nervule. The intra-neural spaces adjoining the extremity of the cell are semi- diaphanous. The posterior wings are pale crimson narrowly margined with white. The under side of the wings is as the upper side but paler. Expanse, 43 mm. pe. February 1893.] 36. B.damalis,sp.nov. @. Front, palpi, lower side of thorax, and inner edges of femora and tibiaecrimson. Eyes black. Col- lar pure white. The upper side of thorax and adbomen fawn colored, with the inner edges of the segments of the abdomen bor- dered laterally with black. The lower side of the abdomen is white with some crimson markings near the base. The primaries are fawn colored, with a spot at the end of the cell, and the intraneural spaces beyond it transparent. The posterior wings are saf- fron, tinged on the inner margin with crim- son. The lower side of the wings is as the upper side. Q. The female does not differ in mark- ings from the male. Expanse, 42 mm. Kangweé. Habitat, Benita and 37. B. haemalea, sp.nov. @. Antennae and eyes black. The entire body deep crim- son. The fore wings are dull bluish-green marked with crimson. There is a crimson streak atthe base near the costa, a spotat the end of the cell and one below it, a spot be- yond the end of the cell, and the entire outer margin shades into crimson between the ner- vules, which are blue-gray. The fringe is blue-gray. The posterior wings are rosy, palest on the costa. The wings on the under side are pale red with the fringe and the apex of the primaries dull blue-gray. Expanse, 45 mm. This splendid species is allied to B. flavimacula Walker, but is totally distinct. CASPHALIA, Walker. 38. C.nigerrima,sp. nov. @. Head and antennae black. The collar is black nar- rowly edged in front with orange. The pec- tus and outer margins of the legs and the lower side of the abdomen are orange. The abdomen has the inner edges of the segments upon the lower side bordered with black. The tegulae are snow white tipped with black. The upper side of the thorax and ab- PSYCHE. 397 domen are jet black. The primaries are black, the secondaries dark brown, paler nea; the base. The under side of the wings is as the upper side. Expanse, 40 mm. Note.—The genus Casphalia was erected by Walker in 1866, for the reception of a species which he named C. flavicollis. This genus has been placed by Mr. Kirby in his recent catalogue among the Pinaridae. In 1887 Mr. Druce described a species as Anace herpa. A comparison of Walker’s type and of the insect described by Mr. Druce shows that they are congeneric. The genus in- cludes, therefore, three species as follows: 1. C. flavicollis, Walker. 2. C. herpa, Druce. 3. C. nigerrima, Holland. CREATONOTUS, Hiibn. 39. C. leucanitoides, sp. nov. @. Upper side of thorax, front, and palpi very pale fawn color. The upper side of the abdomen A black line runs from the front to the middle of the thorax, and there is a line of black spots on the middle of the upper side of the abdomen. The underside of the body and the legs are dark brown. The wings are white and semi-diaphanous with a very narrow black ray running along the lower edge of the cell of the primaries suc- ceeded by a black dot at the end of the cell at the origin of the radial and followed by another small black dot on the radial near the outer margin. is crimson. The costa and the outer margin of the primaries are slightly tinged with luteous. Under side like the upper, but paler. Q. The female is like the male. Expanse, 38 mm. ALPENUS, Walk. 40. A. (?) aurantiaca, sp. nov. Q. The upper and under sides of the body tawny- orange with a row of black spots on the dor- 398 sal line of the abdomen, and a row of very minute black spots on either side. The legs are concolorous with the tibiae margined with black. The primaries on the upper side are of the same color as the abdomen and have two very faint and much angulated par- allel transverse lines crossing them beyond the cell, and a few black spots on the outer margin near the end of the radial nervule. The secondaries are much paler, inclining to whitish. The under sides of both wings are pale creamy tinged on the costa with reddish, and there are a few indistinct black marks at the outer angle of the secondaries as well as upon the outer edge of the primaries oppo- site the cell, and both primaries and second- aries have a very small and obscure discal dot. Expanse, 40 mm. This insect is with doubt referred to the genus Alpenus, as likewise the following species, though they come nearer that genus than any other. 41. A. (2) multiscripta,sp.nov. @. An- tennae, tront, collar, tegulae, and abdomen pale yellowish. The tegulae have each a black spot in the middle, and there is a row of black spots on the dorsal line of the abdo- men, and a row of very minute black spots on either side of the abdomen. yellowish margined with brown. The prim- aries are of the same color as the thorax and profusely sprinkled with very minute brown- ish lines running transversely. On the costa beyond the base, there is a narrow dark brown line reaching into the cell; beyond it a heavy brown line running obliquely toward the outer margin to the end of the cell, and then returning at a very acute angle and ter- minating upon the inner margin before the base. A subapical brown line runs from the costa inwardly, and then is connected by a curved line with the upper portion of the an- gulated line, which precedes it. There is a submarginal line about three-fourths of the distance from the base, which is heaviest near the inner margin. There is a series of black The legs are PSKCHE: [February 1893. dots on the outer margin most distinct just below the apex. The posterior wings are white with a very faint discal dot and a few black dots at the outer angle. The under side is uniformly pale yellowish with a heavy comma-shaped discal mark upon the prim- aries, and a heavy round discal dot upon the secondaries. Both wings have some obscure grayish marks near the outer end of the costa and the outer margins are punctured with black dots. Expanse, 28 mm. ently not uncommon. This species is appar- ALOoA, Walk. 42. A. nigricosta,sp.nov. @. Antennae white with the pectinations gray. Front orange. Collar and upper side of the thorax yellowish-white. The abdomen orange with a heavy black dorsal line, a row of black dots on either side of the abdomen and a double row of black dots on the lower side of the abdomen. The wings are yellowish-white inclined in the case of the secondaries to semi-translucency , and the costa of the primaries from about the middle to the apex is heavily margined with black. Female like the male. Expanse, @, 30 mm.; 2, 36 mm. CY MBIDAE. EariAs, Hiibn. 43. &. Ogovana, sp. nov. forward edge of collar white. tennae brown. &. Front and Eyes and an- Palpi pale fulvous. Lower side of thorax and abdomen whitish. Legs whitish margined with brown. The hind margin of the collar, the upper side of thorax, and upper side of anterior wings bright grass- green. The upper side ofthe abdomen is pale brown annulated with black. The posterior wings are vinaceous with the costa shining whitish and the fringes on the outer margin darker than the body of the wing. The an- terior wings are crossed by two angulated February 1893. ] transverse exceedingly fine median lines. The under sides of both wings are vinaceous. The anteriors whitish on the costa near the apex and broadly whitish on the inner mar- gin. There is a small dark brown spot on the costa of the primaries a little beyond the middle. Expanse, 20 mm. LITHOSIIDAE. CABARDA, Walk. 2. Antennae, Legs pale 44. C. torrida, sp. nov. front, collar, and thorax white. yellow. Abdomen gray. Upper side of an- terior wings milk-white with two small oval pale fawn spots arranged longitudinally in the cell beyond the middle, a small spot of the same color at the base, a moderately large brown blotch below the cell near the middle tapering inwardly toward the base, and a limbal band broadest near the posterior mar- gin. The apex broadly fawn color with a series of small spots of the same color on the outer margin between the nervules, gradually diminishing in size toward the outer angle. The posterior wings are very pale semi-trans- lucent fawn color. The under side of both wings is of the same color as the upper side of the secondaries. The costa and the outer and inner margins of the primaries are paler. -Expanse,20mm. Habitat, Benita. (Feb- ruary.) 45. C. temperata, sp. nov. ¢. Allied to C. frigida, Walk. The under and upper sides of the body are white. The primaries are dull white with the outer half heavily covered with rusty ‘scales shading into black- ish near the outer margin. On the costa before the apex, and on the outer margin just below the apex, this ferruginous tract is indented by two subtriangular pure white spots. The posterior wings are grayish, darkest near the outer margin, and the fringes of both primaries and secondaries are whitish. On the under side, both wings are whitish, the primaries being clouded to pale ferru- ES CHE: 399 ginous on the costal area, and both wings have a faint submarginal line running par- allel to the outer margin. Expanse, 19 mm. BIZONE, Walk. 46. B. Africana,sp. nov. @. Pure white. The legs pale yellowish. Posterior wings with one or two black dots on the costa near the base. The primaries are crossed by a median and a limbal transverse line of dark brown, or blackish, somewhat angulated. There are two small black spots on the cell between these lines arranged longitudinally, and one or two black spots on the outer mar- gin below the apex. The female is marked as the male, but larger. Under side of wings immaculate. Expanse, ¢,18 mm.; @, 20 to 22 mm. 47. B. Porrima, sp. nov. @. Allied to the preceding species, but smaller, and with the fore wings luteous. The markings very much the same as in the preceding species, but the spots on the cell between the trans- verse lines coalesce with the lines. Under side of wings white, immaculate. Female like the male. Expanse of six specimens before me aver- ages 18 mm. 48. B. rubristriga, sp.nov. @. Snowy- white with two bright crimson transverse bands, with two small black spots enclosed between them on the cell and arranged longi- There are no black spots at the The crimson bands tudinally. base of the primaries. reappear faintly on the under side. Expanse, 16mm. This species is charac- terized by having the primaries relatively narrower than in the preceding species. BARSINE, Walk. 49. B. Gubunica, sp. nov. @. Allied to B. (Siccia) rivulosa, Walk., with the type of 400 which I have compared it, but widely dif- ferent. The front and collar are pale orange. The thorax, abdomen, and legs are pale red- dish-fawn. The anterior wings are pale fer- ruginous with a double series of irregular spots before the base, a zigzagged transverse median, and a greatly zigzagged transverse limbal band, a spot at the end of the cell, and a submarginal series of spots, all pale purplish. diaphanous, very pale fuscous. The posterior wings are semi- The under side of the wings are without markings, save that the bands in the primaries very faintly reappear. The female is larger than the male and with the spots and bands in the primaries darker, and the ground color of these wings redder. Expanse, g, 20mm.; 9, 25mm. MILTOCHRISTA, Hiibn. &. The front white. The legs yellowish with the tibiae provided with heavy black tufts before the tarsi. 50. M. numida, sp. nov. The body pale yellowish-fawn. The an- terior wings are pale stramineous tinged in some specimens with reddish towards the At the base there are three small black spots. There is a very heavy black spot at the end of the cell. A series of heavy irregular black spots form a transverse me- dian band curved outwardly and coalescing about the middle of the wing with a similar band, which forms with a still heavier sub- apex. median band an irregular circle, surrounding the black spot at the end of the cell. There are two submarginal black spots about the middle of the outer margin. In some speci- mens these coalesce with the heavy submar- ginal band. The posterior wings have some black spots on the outer margin, heaviest near the outer angle. The markings of the upper surface reappear upon the lower side of the wings, but fainter and poorly defined. The posteriors have a double series of black spots near the outer angle on the outer mar- PSTCHE: {February 1893. gin. The female is marked as the male but with broader wings. Expanse, ¢,16mm.; 9, 18 mm. 51. M. Clara, sp. nov. f. Allied toan unnamed species in the British Museum from Sierra Leone. terior Pale cream color. The pos- immaculate. The anterior wings with a small black spot at the base, three similar spots forming a transverse series beyond the base, one of the spots on the costa, another near the middle of the wing, and the third on the inner margin. There is a transverse, zigzagged, pale brown line crossing the wing before the end of the cell; a minute black spot at the end of the cell; another somewhat broader, very irregular, transverse brown line beyond the cell; and a number of small linear black marks upon the outer margin. Expanse, 16 mm. wings 52. M. (2) erythrias, sp. nov. g. An- tennae plumose, black. The body dark red. Legs margined with black. Primaries dark red shading into pale orange at the apex, and the outer margin uniformly fringed with dark brown. ‘The primaries have a costal and an interior black basal ray followed by a double transverse line, which is succeeded by a series of irregular, very angulated, and heavy dark markings, which irregularly en- circle the black discal dot, which is situated at the end of the cell. These markings are followed by a submarginal series of spots, of which the third and the fifth, reckoning from the costa, and those nearest the outer angle are the largest, the fifth coalescing with the fringe. All of the markings are dark pur- plish-brown. The secondaries are rosy with the outer margin dark brown. The under sides are marked as the upper, but all the markings are more obscure. Expanse, 16mm. _ I refer this species with great doubt to the genus Miltochrista, owing to the heavily pectinated form of the anten- nae. It represents, possibly, a new genus closely allied to Miltochrista. February 1893. ] POL CITE. 401 A MELANISTIC LOCUST, BY A. P. MORSE, WELLESLEY, MASS. In the latter part of July, 1892, I had the good fortune to stumble upon a thriving settlement of that elegant locust Paroxya atlantica Scudd. in the near vicinity of Cambridge, namely, on the bank of Charles River at Faneuil station. This find was unexpected from the fact that this species is a southern locust and, I believe, taken in New England only in the southernmost portions. Several weeks later I took one male in a meadow at Newtonville, at quite a distance from the river. has been previously These two localities are the only places in which I have met with this species where I have taken it at Niantic in a situation similar to that at Faneuil, and at Stamford in the long sedge of bushy pasture meadows, at an elevation con- siderably above tide-water. At Faneuil the first specimen taken, a female, was captured while sweeping over some weeds at the edge of the salt- marsh in search of other Acrididae. and search being made, a number of speci- mens, mostly males, secured. These were found to be most plentiful on a species of Spartina, or cord-grass, along some of the ditches and tidal run- ways, and while quite active were not difficult to capture, usually trying to escape observation by sidling around the stout grass-stems in preference to flight, which was resorted to only when alarmed. north of Connecticut, were Among those secured on this occasion was one male which presented a marked contrast to the others in being deep greenish-black in color, with a peculiar oily lustre which became shin- ing on the smoother portions of the body, particularly on the sides of the pronotum, and the thoracic and abdomi- nal sterna. A fuller description is appended. At a second visit a few days later three more black males were secured, and also two female nymphs as deeply No black taken, colored as the adult males. adult females were though several secured at this time and at a third visit coloring. The females, which seemed to prefer remaining on or near the rubbish of dead stalks and were extremely dark in dark, heavy-bodied weeds covering the ground, were not noticeable objects; but the more active, black against the green background of the males were quite conspicuous. higher zone of growing vegetation which they frequented. Paroxya atlantica Scudd. Melanistic male. Description of fresh Faneuil, Mass., July 22, 1892. Head, thorax and abdomen deep greenish black. Tegmina translucent, brownish fus- cous, with brownish- to greenish-black veins and venules. Wings transparent greenish, the veins and venules dark except in posterior third of anal field, darkest in anterior and. axillary fields. specimen, taken at 402 Eyes greenish-black with brownish reflec- tions. Antennae greenish-black, the articu- lations pale. Abdomen with the overlapping caudal and pleural margins of each segment paler green- ish-black, these paler markings enlarged anteriorly on sterna 6, 7, and 8, to form very obtusely triangular pale spots. circular pale spot on ing the caudal margin. A large reach- The elevated cepha- lic margin of sternum to pale in median portion. Fossal membranes deep brown. Femora 1 and 2 deep sage green, lightest on proximal sternum 9 A NEW AMERICAN PSYC, [February 1893. thirds of caudal faces. Posterior femora black at tips, passing into dark brownish- green on the external face, and olive-green on the internal face and in tibial groove; dusky herring-bone markings on both faces ; a dusky spot on the proximal end of the upper groove and another with oblique edges one-third the distance toward tip. Tibiae deep greenish-black; the posterior shining black at proximal end with a narrow sage-green annulus beyond, widest inside. Spines black. Tarsi deep greenish-black BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y. Lacinius is a genus of Phalangiidae. It was erected in 1876 by Thorell for P. horridus Panz. (Sopra alcuni Opilioni d’Europa e dell’Asia occidentale, Ann. Mhisy) Civ. ost. nat. Genova, vol. ‘viii 1876). Simon (Arachnides de France tome vii, 1879) united it to Acantho- lopus Koch, I think, on good grounds. But as Acantholophus is preoccupied, I believe, by MacLeay in Coleoptera, it may be best to use Lacinius; especially so since Simon considers P. horridus Panz. as the type of Acantholophus. Lacinius is closely related to certain species of Oligolophus by the spinous eye-tubercle and anterior margin of cephalothorax ; also by having promi- nent spines on the femora of the palpi. It differs in having the eye-tubercle more remote from the anterior margin of the cephalothorax. I believe the American forms can be farther separated from Oligolophus in not having false articulations in the metatarsi. The legs above, paler beneath, especially on the callosities and pulvilli. LACINIUS. are shorter than in Oligolophus. Two species of Oligolophus have been de- scribed from U. S., O. pectus Wood and O. ohtoensis Weed. The latter I should place in Lacinius; it resembles the European ZL. spznosus Bosc. (06- tustdentatus Koch) ; while the species which I describe below has more resem blance to the typical species of the genus L. horridus Panz. Lacinius, Oligolophus, Mitopus and Phalangium form a tribe of the Phalan- ginae, distinguished by having a prominently spinous eye-tubercle and a group of spines on the anterior margin of the cephalothorax. This tribe may be called Oligolophini. It may be divided into two groups, according to the presence (Lacinius, Oligolophus) or absence (Mitopus, Phalangium) of prominent spines on the femora of the palpi. Phalangium longipalpis Weed would according to some European ‘February 1893.] authors be placed in a separate genus, Cerastoma; others do not favor the divi- sion of the genus on sexual grounds. Lacintus texanus, nov. sp. Length of body 3-6 mm., width of body 2. Length of femur I, 1. mm., femur II, 3.1 mm., femur Iv, 2.1 mm., leg 1, 6.mm. Color gray, mottled with white and brown; cephalothorax and dorsum of abdomen gray, mottled with brown and white spots; the vase-shaped mark barely visible; venter grayish white, a black line on the sides. Cephalothorax with some scattered spines and three large ones on the anterior margin, the median the largest; on the sides are three spines projecting between the legs. Eye-tubercle near the hind margin of the cephalothorax, nearly twice its diameter from the anterior margin, with two rows of four large spines. The posterior edge of each dorsal segment of the abdomen provided with a row of about ten white spines. Palpi quite large, white with some brown spots. The femur with about seven large and several smaller white spines on the under side, the end enlarged internally and covered with short, stiff, black hairs. The patella is pro- longed, the inner side and prolongation being mm. Pine sbARVAL, STAGES, OF ICHTHYURA TES PCLT Fe 403 covered with short, stiff, black hairs. The tibia is enlarged at the end on the inner side and covered with similar hairs; on the under side are two white spines, like those on the femur. The tarsus (5th joint) is about as long as the two preceding, slightly curved, and provided with stiff hairs and a simple claw at end. Legs pale with brown bands; two on the femur, on the patella, tibia and metatarsus one each, and one at the base of the tarsus. The legs are all short, especially I and 111; metatarsus 1 shorter than tibia 1; there are no false articulations in any of the metatarsi. The coxae bear several (3-6) spines, one or two on each coxa being very large; several prominent spines at end of femur, patella and tibia. The femora are round except 11 which becomes quadrangular near tip; all the tibiae are quadrangular, each angle being furnished with a row of small spines; the patellae are somewhat four-sided, and the small spines are in rows, as also on the femora. joints. The tips of the claws of the mandibles are black. The structure of the coxae and sternum is similar to that of Oligolophus, but the sternum is a little shorter. The lateral pore is not visible from above. Habitat, Eastern Texas. The tarsi consist of many short MULTNOMA Dyar. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. Ichthyura multnoma Dyar. 1892—Dyar, Canadian entomologist, xxiv, 179. First larval stage.—Head round, shining black with a few hairs; width o.5 mm. Body somewhat flattened, with long pale and black hairs rising singly from large concolorous tubercles; color sordid grayish, tinged with dark vinous on joints 2, 5, 7, 8, 11 and 12 over the dorsum. Feet normal, the thoracic dark, the abdominal concolorous with the body. As the stage advances, the whitish spaces on the back become nearly white and the piliferous tubercles come out black and distinct, in three rows on each side. At the end of this, and of each following stage, the larva spins a house of thread and leaves in which it molts, and in which it remains dur- ing the succeeding stage, when not eating. The larvae are solitary. Second stage.— Head as before; width 0.9 mm. Body flattened, with deep segmental incisures ; piliferous tubercles large, concolor- ous at first, but later black; setae short, black. Color blackish vinous except the dorsum of joints 3, 4, 6, 9, to and 13 which is greenish 404 white, containing tubercle i and avery narrow dark dorsal line. The anal plate (¢. e., joint 14 or the tenth abdominal segment) is vinous. Lateral and subventral tubercles pale. Thoracic feet black. Third stage.— Head rounded, median suture deep, shiny black, hairy ; width 1.8 mm. Warts rather large, each with a hair, and other somewhat shorter hairs arise from the body. Color vinous black with pale yellow dorsal patches on joints 3 and 4, 6, 9 and 10 and 13 anteriorly, enclosing warts i and ii. A dark dorsal line, each side of which are a few yellow mottiings on the dark segments; subventral warts largely yellow, the others concolorous with the markings except row i which is dark on the yellow segments. Setae all blackish. Later, joints 5 and 12 are seen to be alittle enlarged dorsally, a narrow, broken, waved line appears along warts i in the yellow markings, the yellow patch on joints g and 1o extends faintly on joint 11, there is a broken, irregular, yellow, super- stigmatal line, distinct only on the yellow- marked segments and some rather more continuous yellow mottlings along the sub- stigmatal ridge. Fourth stage. — Head rounded, clypeus depressed, median suture deep; hair short, dense, white; color black, slightly shiny, brownish centrally in the depression around the median suture; width 3.0 mm. Warts rather large, rows i and ii on joints 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 13 and all the subventral warts yellow, the others black. Joints 5 and 12 enlarged dorsally, velvety black. Color purplish black, a broad, yellow, dorsal band except on joints 5 and 12, containing a broken, triple, dorsal line, fainter on joints 7,8 and 11. The rest of the body is purplish black, the sub- ventral region included. Hair dense, white, consisting of fine short hairs from the body, with single, slightly longer and larger ones from the warts. As the stage advances a marked change takes place. A broad pale gray dorsal band, containing very faint triple dark line, obsolescent and broken; warts PSE CHE, [February 1893- i and ii orange, except on joints 2 and §, row ii on joints 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 and 13 broadly orange; a broad, pale bluish, subdorsal band, heavily mottled with vinous black; joints 5 and 12 dorsally, and lateral spots on all seg- ments (most distinct on joints 3-5), velvety black. A broad, broken, deep orange, stig- matal band, divided by an irregular black stigmatal line and consisting of orange spots spreading from the warts of rows iv and v and adjacent mottlings, barely confluent. Venter blackish; thoracic feet shiny black. Cocoon.—Not different from the house made at the end of each stage, except that there are a few transverse threads to support the pupa. Pupa.—Small but robust. Dorsal outline arched, ventral nearly straight, rounded at both ends; cremaster, a long spine of even thickness throughout. Smooth, shining; abdomen very slightly punctured. Color red-brown, darker ventrally and dorsally, nearly black on the thorax and cases, with a green tinge on the latter. Length 13 mm.; width 4.5mm. There are two broods each year. Food plant.—Willow (Salix). FHlabitat.—Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade range and, probably, also western British Columbia. Found by Prof. O. B. Johnson at Seattle, Wash. Larva from Portland, Oregon. THE MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF IN- SECTS. The Annals and magazine of natural his- tory published in December last a translation of the concluding general portion of a me- moir by N. Cholodkowsky on the embryonal development of Phyllodromia germanica (Mém. acad. St. Pétersb., 7 sér., v. 38, 1891) which closes with the following summary. It will prove interesting and suggestive to American entomologists. 1. The head of insects contains more than four protozonites, probably six, of which one is preoral, but the rest are postoral. February 1893.] 2. The antennae of insects belong to the rirst postoral segment and are entirely homol- ogous with the remaining ventral extremities. They do not correspond to the antennae of Peripatus, but probably to the chelicerae of spiders, and perhaps to the second pair of antennae of Crustacea. 3. Since the possibility that a number of segments in the germinal streak of different arthropods have disappeared is not excluded, a homology of the mouth-parts of the different classes of Arthropoda cannot at present be set up. 4. The abdominal appendages of the insectan germinal streak (including the cerci) are homologous with the thoracic legs. Herein it makes no difference whether these appendages are attached to the middle, at the side, at the front, or hind margin (are meso-, pleuro-, pro-, or opisthostatic, in the terminology of Graber), provided only that their cavity is immediately continuous with that of the somite to which they belong. The fact that the abdominal appendages usually remain unsegmented in nowise tends to show that they are not of the nature of limbs, since, for instance, the mandibles also are always unsegmented.* 5. Many of the abdominal appendages of larvae and perfect insects are. homologous with the thoracic legs, even when they are secondary in ontogeny. 6. The primitive function of the first pair of the abdominal appendages was ambulatory, as also that of the remaining appendages. The ancestors of the insects were therefore undoubtedly homopod, not heteropod. 7. The many-legged insect larvae are to be derived from the six-legged just as little as are, conversely, the hexapod iarvae from the polypod; both forms developed indepen- dently of one another. 8. The embryonic envelopes of the insects probably correspond to the remains of a ‘trochosphere. *Whether the segmented branchial filaments of Sisyra and Sialis belong to this category is déubtful, but can only be decided by embryological investiga- tions. PSTCHE. 405 WESTWOOD AND STAINTON. The'death on Jan. 2 of Prof. J. O.: West- wood of Oxford at the advanced age of 87 removes the most distinguished entomologist For sixty-five years his contri- uninter- of our time. butions to our science have been rupted and have enriched and advanced every branch of systematicentomology. No writer has made known so many singular forms, for which he seems to have had a remarkable predeliction. He had a Latreillean eye for structure and he depicted insects with rare skill; of his published drawings there must be many thousands, and they are of the ut- most service to the systematist; yet his port- folios are crowded with unpublished figures. His Introduction to the classification of in- sects, though half a century old, is a store- house of fact and historical statement, ad- mirably presented and still our best general guide; but to do for the entomology of today what he did for that of 1840 would require treble the space he gave to it. Noentomolo- gist the world over has been held in such reverent esteem by Americans as Westwood. News comes from England of the death of Mr. H. T. Stainton at the age of 70. His studies of the Tineina are well known to all American entomologists and he will be remembered especially by them for his careful collocation of the scattered papers of our own Brackenridge Clemens onthe subject. Stain- ton did much to interest the young in entom- ology and edited journals especially intended for the tyro and collector. His work on the Tineina was curiously published in four different languages in parallel col- umns. Most of us are glad to publish in one. ENTOMOoLoGICAL Notes. — The first vol- ume of Moore’s gigantic undertaking upon the Lepidoptera Indica is now completed with the publication of Part 12. This fine quarto volume, dedicated to the Empress of India and begun in 18go0, contains 340 pages and 94 colored plates and yet deals with only two subfamilies of Nymphalidae —the Eu- ploeinae and Satyrinae. Early in 1891 Osten Sacken proposed a new 406 grouping of the Diptera orthorrhapha, which he has now published in detail in English in 1892 (pp. vera contain the the Berliner entom. zeitschr. for 417-466). His Memocera families Cecidomyidae, Mycetophilidae, Culi- cidae, Chironomidae, Psychodidae, Dixi- dae (?), and Tipulidae; his Memocera anom- ala, the Bibionidae, Simulidae, Blephero- ceridae, Rhyphidae and Orphnephilidae; and his Eremochaeta, the Stratiomyidae, Taban- idae, Acanthomeridae and Leptidae (+ Xylo- phagidae). His complete discussion will be found very interesting. With the publication of the seventh part Distant has completed his Monograph of Oriental Cicadidae, a large quarto of over 150 pages and 5 plates crowded with admirable figures. The work includes 268 species ar- ranged in 34 genera and divided into the two subfamilies of Cicadinae and Tibiceninae according as the tympana are mostly covered or uncovered. published by the Indian Museum of Calcutta, will be glad to place it by the author’s Rhopa- Owners of the work, which is locera Malayana. The recent publication of a new part of the Proceedings of the Entomological society of and filled with biological papers of broad interest, em- more the concentration of Washington completing vol. 2 phasizes once entomological industry at our national capital and the excellent influence exerted by the division of entomology in the U. S. depart- ment of agriculture. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The 174th meeting Mr. S. H. Scudder g December, 1892. was held at 156 Brattle St. was chosen chairman. Mr. Howard Evarts Weed of Agricultural College, Miss., was elected an active member. Mr. S. H. Scudder exhibited a sketch of the body of a carboniferous walking stick, Protophasma, from Europe to show that the three divisions of the thorax must have been of nearly equal length and not as in living PST CHE. [February 1893- Phasmidae very unequal, the prothorax in living forms (with the exception of Prosopus, Phyllium and similar highly specialized forms) being much shorter than the other two divisions. He stated that this was the condition now of the embryo Diapheromera just before leaving the egg, the elongation of the mesothorax and metathorax taking place during the emergence of the insect from the egg. This adds another to the numerous instances in which the early types of animals resembled the embryonic rather than the mature condition of their modern representa- tives. He also stated that in the examination of a nearly ripe embryo of Déssostetra carolina, he found one of the antennae completely developed, which the other showed only the enlarged base, the stalk being entirely absent. In the same embryo there was an entirely different arrangement of the middle legs of the two sides; on one side, which seemed the normal, the femur overlay the hind femur and the tibia and tarsi were folded sharply back upon the femur; upon the other, the femur lay beside the hind femur, and the tibia was bent at only about a right angle to the femur; but apically was with the tarsi twice bent to keep it from extending beyond the opposite side of the body. He remarked further on a species of Gryl- lodes found in a burrow beneath a small sand hillock in Florida, by Mr. C. J. Maynard. Mr. A. P. Morse showed some specimens taken by him at Wellesley, Mass., Nov. 17, 1892, of the following species: Chortophaga viridifasctata, Stenobothrus curtipennis, Melanoplus collinus, Encoptolophus sordidus and Eurymus philodice. All the specimens were mature. In the case of the first named an unusual occurrence at that season of the year. He also showed a specimen of Xabea bipunctata taken by him at New Haven, Conn., Aug. 30. Mr. Scudder said he thought it had not been previously taken in New England. ; PSYCH Se oure IN ATL, OF. HNTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. ] Vol. 6. No. 203. Marcu, 1893. CONTENTS: NOTES ON TACHINIDAE.—S. W. Williston. . - : : ° - : : : 409 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB (Officers for 1892)... : 410 ForEIGN NoTEs (Brongniart succeeds Lucas; death of Speyer; Kolbe’s Introduction). 410 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEST AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.—III. (Plate 10.)—W. $. Holland. : A : A : . ; : “ : 411 ORGYIA BADIA AND OTHER NOTES, WITH A TABLE TO SEPARATE THE LARVAE OF Oroyia.—Z. G. Dyar. ‘ 5 : 5 : - : : ; : : 419 SyNopPsiIs OF THE NorTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MEGACILISSA SMITH.— Wm. F. Fox. 421 MiscELLANEOus NorEs (Explanation of Plate 10; mouth parts of Apioceridae; New York insect galls; anatomy of Orthoptera). ‘ ; - : : : 422 ——- y PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, j CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c, [Entered as second class mail matter. } 408 Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE:; ' BPE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Ja Beginning with Fattugry, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 | Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, 7/ or- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 2c. Separates, with changes of form— actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. JES Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, Je Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, zot for cash, free’ at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, a5 .60 Quarter “ : “2: : 1.25 1.00 | Half i * z = c Ge ely aids One 4 fs 4 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. PSYCHE: [March 1893. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7.45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city 6n that day are invited to be present. ' A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais ane a pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ine North American Noctuidae. Part I. Gel tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, I8go. 50 Hitchcock, Edward. ace of Nee England. Boston, ToCommars 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. foe 1876 (eon! taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 c : + 1,00; Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names EEppesed) for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. . 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The pine Lanth of ae tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung Jahre. 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00 U.S. Entomological Commision! Bulletins, INOSS ,925)4'50551007, - ° +, ; 1.00: —Fourth Report, Weshineton 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial_ ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED, Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or by purchase, from any part of North America including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Will not promise to name or return specimens sent. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Je SNe GA sO abe NOTES ON TACHINIDAE. BY S. WENDELL WILLISTON, LAWRENCE, KANS. Some years ago, I described (Trans. mmer.. ent. soc. 205) a peculiar genus of Tachinidae, under the name Melanophrys. Very recently, I have had the opportunity of exam- ining specimens of an allied species, the types of Atropharista jurinotdes Towns., now in the collection of Mr. Aldrich. A rather peculiar combina- tion of characters which these specimens present will render the following notes of interest. In the male of AZ. favipennis Will., the eyes are conspicuously pilose. In the male of AZ. jurinotdes Towns. the pilosity is inconspicuous; still hairs can be seen upon close examination. In the females of both species, the eyes are bare even under a searching exam- ination. MHairiness of the eyes is usually considered a generic character in this family ; here it is distinctly sexual. The antennae in the male of AZ. flavipennis have the second joint not more than one- fourth of the length of the third; in a female taken with the male, the second joint is about three-fourths the length of the third,—it possibly represents a distinct species. In both sexes of JZ. jurinotdes, the third joint is only a little longer than the second. MEY HDs In the male of the former species, there is a considerable pilosity on the thorax and abdomen, wanting in all the other specimens, both male and female. M. flavipennis otherwise differs from M. jurinotdes in the presence of a pair of median bristles on the hind margin of the second abdominal segment. In M. flavipennis, the color-markings of the front of the male are like those of the females of both species; in JZ jurtnotdes they are conspicuously dif- ferent. The singular thing about the species is that the females are so remarkably alike that one is only assured that they belong to different species by the pair of bristles on the second abdominal segment. This is all the more strange from the fact that the color-markings, as also the structure of the head, are con- spicuously unlike those of allied genera. I should have mentioned the fact that I have a female of AZ. flavipennts, agreeing more nearly with the male in its antennal structure. Professor Townsend has _ recently published a useful table of North American genera of Tachinidae (Trans. Amer. ent. soc. xix, p. 92, June, ’92). Unfortunately its value the 410 is much impaired by a previous paper of Brauer and Bergenstamm, published in 1891, and received the latter part of that year, in which some thirty or more additional, old or referred to North America, and which must conflict more or less with Mr. Townsend’s genera. I cannot join with Mr. Townsend in new genera are his sweeping condemnation of Brauer and Bergenstamm’s work in this family. The descriptions of these authors are often involved and obscure, but I believe that patient study, together with ample PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 13 January, 1893. The 175th regular and 17th annual meeting (since incorporation) was held at 156 Brattle St. Mr. S. H. Scud- der was chosen chairman. The annual reports of the Secretary, Treasurer and Librarian were presented. The following officers for 1893 were elected: President, W. H. Ashmead of Wash- ington; Secretary, R. Hayward; Treasurer, S. Henshaw; Librarian, S. H. Scudder; members at large of the Executive Com- mittee, A. P. Morse and S. H. Scudder. The annual address of the retiring Presi- dent, Dr. W. J. Holland, on ‘ which the larva otherwise closely resembles, Fifth stage. — As before. The brush tufts on joints 5 and 6 are faintly brownish, on joints 7 and 8 yellowish, but nearly the same color. The markings are as in O. badia. Sixth and seventh stages (7th stage some @ larvae). — Head shining black, labrum and bases of antennae white; width 2-8 mm.; and 3.5 mm. in the seventh stage. Body dark gray, paler below, legs flesh color. It is markedas in O. badéa. There is a pair of plumed black pencils from wart ii on joint 2, from wart v on joint 6 anda single one dor- sally on joint 12; also a pair of simple white pencils from wart von joint 5, and in one example an additional pair of black plumed pencils from wart v on joint 7, distinct and only a little shorter than the others. Some short brown hair precedes the black pencil on joint 12. Brush tufts yellowish white or whitish brown, darker along the crest. Cocoon and pupaas in O. badia. Larvae from Port Townsend, Wash., Plattsburgh, N. Y. and Campton Village, IN Jal ORGYIA LEUCOGRAPHA Geyer. 1832, Geyer, Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett., 33, 373, f. 745-6, Cladophora. 1856, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. vii, 1723, Orgyia. 1886, Hy. Edwards, Ent. Amer., ii, 13. 1891, Smith, List lep., No. 1155. This can hardly be anything else than O. leucostigma S.& A.t I have not seen the + Since the above went to the printer, I have examined the figure of leucographa in the copy of the Zutrage in the Harvard College library and find that it represents O. leucostigma 8, & A. The varietal name proposed by Hy. Edwards for the form without the white spot, viz., var. obliviosa, will stand as valid. It will prove that this has beenredescribed by Mr. Beutenmiiller (Psyche, v. 5, p. 300) as the only character for specific separation between ob/iviosa and tnornata is the difference be- tween ‘‘yellow” and ‘‘orange”’ in the coloration of the warts of the larvae. March 1893. ] original figure, but Walker’s diagnosis is'no different. | : OrRGyIA sp. Packard. 1890, Packard, sth rept. U. S. ent. comm., Peat . Dr. Packard describes a larva appearing much like O. antigua, but says: ‘It differs from O. leucost?gma in having a pair of large prothoracic lateral black pencils” [besides the usual subdorsal ones?] and there are ‘three coral retractile warts.” I would like to call particular attention to this form. It evidently differs structurally from any of the known North American Orgyia in having three instead of two retractile tubercles, besides apparently having two pairs of hair pencils on joint 2. It must be an undescribed species. The larvae were found on pine. The following table will serve to distinguish the mature larvae of Orgyia. ' SYNOPSIS. OF. THE N.. AMERICAN SPECIES OF PSYCHE. 421 Head red. Warts pale yellow Warts orange. Head yellow . .. Head black. Without lateral tufts on joints 5 and 6. Pencil on joint 12 yellow, tufted with black) 2a2hs3-0s.¢ vetusta Boisd. Pencil on joint 12. black, perhaps preceded by brown. Three yellow lines on each side gulosa Hy. Ed. Two yellow lines on each side. Warts bright crimson cana Hy Ed. Warts orange or’ yellowish badia Hy Ed. With lateral tufts on joints 5 and 6. Two retractile tubercles antigua L. Three retractile tubercles sf. Pack. leucostigma S. & A. tnornata Beut. definita Pack. MEGACILISSA. BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA. Labrum biridged, or strongly furrowed down the middle. Wings not or but slightly fuscous apically. Abdomen dorsally, with exception of first segment entirely black, with black pubescence. : +, electa Cr. 6- Abdomen dorsally black, with the apica] margins of segments 2-4 with white pubescence. Yarrowi Cr. Q g. Abdomen greenish, without white fas- ciae. mexicana Cr. @. Wings on apical half blue-black; legs red- dish; abdomen black, on the sides, beneath and the sixth and seventh dorsal segments with fulvous pubes- cence. : < . gloriosa n. sp. Labrum not ridged or furrowed, at the most swollen basally; abdomen fasciate ; legs brownish, with brownish pubes- cence; wings with a yellow tinge extmia Sin. @. Megacitlissa gloriosa 2.—Labrum witha long, narrow, medial furrow; clypeus with strong, close punctures, those in the middle confluent and forming transverse rugae; ocelli situated very low down, the anterior one separated but little from the hind margins of the clypeus and is connected with it by a furrow; vertex and cheeks with rather fine, close punctures, those on the cheeks finest and sparsest; first joint of flagellum fully as long or a little longer than the following five joints united, joints 2-5 shortest and about equal in length; tarsal claws armed witha long, acute tooth, in shape somewhat similar to the claw itself; dorsal abdominal segment finely and closely punctured, except apical portion of segments 1-4, which is. depressed and impunctate; enclosure on last dorsal segment strongly furrowed along the lateral borders. Black; tegulae and legs, except the four anterior femora in part, ferruginous ;, 422 head (except a few nude places as the sides of front, top of vertex and thelabrum medi- ally), the thorax densely, legs, dorsal segment one in front, and 1-4 on sides, the fifth and sixth entirely and the greater part of ventral segments, with dense fulvous or golden- ochraceous pubescence, darkest on top of thorax; fore-wings on basal half sub-hyaline, or with a yellowish tinge, the apical half bluish-black, first recurrent nervure, uniting with the second transverse-cubital nervure, first submarginal cell the smallest, the third largest, marginal cell very long and narrow, hind wings subhyaline. Length, 22 mm. Las Cruces, N. Mex. (Aug. 21, C. H. Tyler Townsend). Will be at once distinguished by the extremely low position of the ocelli and the bluish-black wings. MiscELLANEOUS Notes.—The West Afri- can moths figured on Plate 10 in the present number illustrate Dr. W.J. Holland’s article; they are the following. Fig. 1. Lomodonta erythrina; 2. Heteronygmia stigmatica; 3. H. argiloides; 4. H. clathrata; 5. H. arctioides; 6. H. basibrunnea; 7. Laelia hypoleucis; 8. L. ocellata; 9. Aroa nigripicta; 10. Dasychira PSTOCOHL. March 1893. sublutescens; 11. D. ruptilinea; 12. D. congia Druce; 13. Aroa lata; 14. Heteronygmia hypoxantha; 15. H. rhodapicata; 16. Artaxa nigra; 17. Laelia lignicolor; 18. Euproctis Reutlingeri; 19. Euproctidion Gabunica; 20. Artaxa mesomelaena; 21. A. parallela; 22. A. discipuncta; 23. A. palla; 24. A. melaleuca; 25. A. rotundata; 26. A. apicipuncta; 27. Balacra rubricincta; 28. B. glagoessa; 29. B. damalis; 30. Casphalia nigerrima; 31. Anace monotica ; 32. A. parachoria; 33. Apisa cana; 34. Alpenus multiscripta. In the line of J. B. Smith’s studies on the mouth-parts of Diptera, Dr. S. W. Williston in the Kansas University quarterly for Janu- ary describes these organs in the Apioceri- dae and allied families. An illustrated and descriptive list of the galls, 88 in number, found in the vicinity of New York, is given by W. Beutenmiiller in the Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., v. 4; 42 are hymenopterous, 34 dipterous, 11 hemipte- rous and 1 arachnidan. Details of the anatomy of certain species of Orthoptera are given by J. B. Smith in Bull. go of the New Jersey experiment station. A. SMITH & SONS, 114 FULTON STREET, New York. A JOINTED FOLOING NET MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Ganada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 ez. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. moey CHE, Poor AL, OF BNTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol. 6. No. 204. APRIL, 1893. CONTENTS: A PRELIMINARY SYNOPSIS OF THE HARVEST-SPIDERS (PHALANGIIDAE) OF MISSISSIPPI (Plates 11-15.)— Clarence M. Weed. : : : : - - : -, ee DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AND INTERESTING PHASIID-LIKE GENUS OF TACHINIDAE, Ss. stTR.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. : : DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF wen jensen apesoeeeen: —IV. —W. F. Holland. : : : : : : : Some NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES, ESPECIALLY THE ore ALIS, OF A FEW ae ICAN SPHINGIDAE.— Samuel H. Scudder. Lire History oF OrGyIA GULOSA.—Harrison G. Dyar. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL Notes.—II].—Samuel Henshaw. VANESSA MILBERTI, A CORRECTION.—¥F. W. Tutt. . : : . 5 : ENTOMOLoGIcAL Notes (Kolbe’s Introduction; defensive odor in a caterpillar; Alaskan Coleoptera; Gryllidae of Indiana; a blind cavernicolous cockroach ; Comstock’s classification of the Lepidoptera; new iconographs of Lepidoptera ; dates of issue of Psyche). . PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. 441 441 YEARLY ‘SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 423 PSVCHE. [April 1893. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. JS Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. Je Beginning with January, 1891, the rate of subscription 1s as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume, Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form, to the author of any leading article, zf or- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, : 2c. Separates, with changes of form—actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates, JES Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC, TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. je= Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve the right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects for exchange or desired for study, xot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, : $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . : 75 .60 Quarter “ . ire 1.25 1.00 Half “ a ie 2.25 31.75 One is . - 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each month, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first ive volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais ca pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . Grote, A.R. Revised Check list of ihe North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. _ . . 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858. c Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (com taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 : . . Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .5o Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names proves’ for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. 4 Scudder, S. H. The ° pine- erei of Sere tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. 25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of 1.00 I.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 6 - 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Patunes alabte: 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00 USS: ae aaa Comision Bulletins, Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6,7 : : 1.00 —Fourth Report, Washington: 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial} ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. TACHINIDAE WANTED. Named or unnamed Tachinidae wanted in ex- change, or by purchase, from any part of North America including Mexico, Central America and the West Indies. Will not promise to name or return specimens sent. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Psyche, 1893, vol. 6. Plate rr. Liobunum vittatum (Say), 2. Psyche, 1893, vol. 6. Plate 12. 2 oe Liobunum vittatum (Say), 9?. _ Liobunum ventricosum (Wood). ~— Psyche, 1893, vol. 6. ~ ye Liobunum ventricosum hyemale (Immature). Plate 14. tt s ares : ] syche, 1893, vol. 6. Plate 16 politum magnum. SY CELE: A PRELIMINARY SYNOPSIS OF THE HARVEST-SPIDERS (PHALANGIIDAE) OF MISSISSIPPI. BY CLARENCE M. WEED, The present paper is based upon a collection of Phalangiidae kindly sent me at various times during the last three years by my brother, Mr. Howard Evarts Weed, of the Mississippi Agri- cultural College. Nearly all of the specimens were taken in the vicinity of the College, which is located in Oktib- beha County, a little north of the center of the State, so that the northern and southern extremities of Mississippi are not represented. This probably ac- counts, in part at least, for the fact that in the large number of specimens col- lected only three species are found. The most remarkable thing connected with these phalangiids is the large size of their bodies and the length of their legs. Each form is the southern repre- sentative of a northern species in which the body is smaller and the legs are larger. I presume this variation in size is due to the longer period of growth and feeding at the south, but the discus- sion of variations is not the purpose of the present paper. Family PHALANGIIDAE. Subfamily PHALANGIINAE. Arachnids having the body composed of a single piece, and long, slender legs. The teguments are not coriaceous, though often HANOVER, N. H. quite solid. The segments are only indicated by striae, which are often obsolete. There are five ventral abdominal segments; a single anal piece, and two distinct lateral pores on upper margin of cephalothorax. The maxil- lary lobe of the palpus has two tubercles. The two eyes are placed upon a blunt tubercle (the eye-eminence) on the median line of the cephalothorax not far from its front margin. The three Mississippi forms all belong to the single genus Liobunum, the prin- cipal characters of which are the fol- lowing :— Anterior and lateral borders of the cephalo- thorax smooth. Eye eminence relatively small; smooth, or rarely provided with small, slightly distinct tubercles; widely separated from the cephalic border. Lateral pores small, oval, and marginal. Anal piece large, transverse-oval or semi-circular, much wider than long. Mandibles short, similar in the two sexes; first joint furnished at the base below with an acute tooth. Palpi simple; femur, patella and tibia without any. process and without projecting angles; maxillary lobe provided at the base with two strong, conical teeth. Maxillary lobe of the second pair of legs very long, nearly straight from the base, not attenuated, directed mesad nearly horizontally, and united on the ventro- meson to the lobe from the opposite side without forming a sensible angle; the two together lightly arched on the cephalic border, and forming an even curve. Sternal piece large, slightly contracted between the 426 fourth pair of coxae, gradually enlarging and obtusely truncate cephalad. Feet very long and slender; tibia of the second pair with a few false articulations. Palpal claw denticulate. The three forms described below may be distinguished as follows :— Body and legs cinnamon-brown. L. ventricosum hyemale. Eye eminence with a regular row of tubercles over each eye; dorsum with ne black marking in males, and indistinct one in females. L. politum magnum. Eye eminence with very few tubercles; a distinct black, longitudinal marking on dorsum. L. vittatum. LIoBUNUM VITTATUM (Say). The Striped Harvest-spider. Plates 11, 12. Phalangium vittatum. Say, Journ. Phila. Acad., II, p. 65, 1821; Wood, Comm. Essex Inst., VI, pp. 20-21. Liobunum vittatum. Weed, Amer. Nat. XXI, p. 935; XXVI, p. 999. MALE.— Bedy 7 mm. long; 4 mm. wide. Palpi 7 mm. long. Legs: first, 44 mm.; second, 89 mm.; third, 45 mm.; fourth, 64 mm. Dorsum reddish-brown, with a dark central marking, commencing at eye eminence and extending backward to the ultimate or penul- timate abdominal segment. Contracting slightly near the anterior margin of abdomen, then gradually expanding until about the beginning of the posterior third of the ab- domen, where it again slightly contracts. Ventrum slightly paler than dorsum, both finely granulate. Eye eminence a little wider than high, black above, canaliculate, with small black tubercles over the eyes. Man- dibles light yellowish-brown, tips of claws black; second joint with short sparse hairs. Palpi long, reddish-brown; tarsal joints paler. Femur and patella arched, with two rows of rather blunt dark tubercles, on the outer IPS DiC EVE. [April 1893. ventro-lateral surface; femur also having a few small subobsolete ones on its dorsal surface. Tibia with a similar row on its outer ventro-lateral surface, a short row on the distal portion of its inner ventro-lateral surface, and a short row on the proximal portion of its ventral surface. Tarsus pubes- cent, with a row of short, blunt, black tuber- cles on its inner ventro-lateral surface, extending from the base to near the apex. Legs varying from light brown to black, but patella is generally black and tarsi brown, the other joints varying. Coxae reddish- brown, minutely tuberculate. Trochanters generally dark brown with minute scattered tubercles. Femora and patellae with rows of small spines. Tibiae with very short hairs. Shaft of genital organ slender, sub- cylindrical, not broadened distally, but bent at an obtuse angle and terminating in a very acute point. FEMALE. — Body 8-9 mm. long; 5-6 mm. wide. Palpi 5 mm. long. Legs: first, 42 mm.; second, 90mm.; third, 43 mm.; fourth, 61 mm. Besides its rounder body and much more robust appearance, it differs from the male as follows: Dorsum of a much darker shade of brown with less of the reddish tint, and the ventrum paler. Second joint of mandibles with fewer hairs. Palpi shorter, more slender, with the rows of tubercles on the tibia subobsolete, and that on the tarsus en- tirely wanting. Legs generally light brown with black annulations at the articulations. Ovipositor whitish with no dark color in apical rings. This species in Central Mississippi evidently passes the winter in the egg state, the young hatching in March, April and probably the early part of May, becoming fully developed in July and living until October or November. Specimens taken during October are very deeply colored. The collections April 1893.] before me show very young to half- grown forms taken 30th May, 1891; some approaching maturity collected during June; and some fully developed but not fully colored taken in July. There appears to be but one brood a year so that the species hasa very long feeding period. In a recent paper in the American Naturalist (December, 1892) I have discussed at some length the geograph- ical variations of this Striped Harvest- spider. LIOBUNUM VENTRICOSUM HYEMALE, Weed. Plates 13, 14. Phalangium ventricosum Wood, Comm. Essex inst., VI, 32. Liobunum ventricosum (Wood). Weed, Amer. nat., xxiv, 918; Trans. Am. ent. soc., xIx, 188. Liobunum ventricosum Amer. nat., March, 1893. Mate. — Body 9 mm. long; 6 mm. wide; palpi 8 mm. long. Legs: first. 52 mm.; second, 1o1 mm.; third, 50 mm.; fourth, 73 mm. Body elongate, abdomen subconical. Dorsum, legs including trochanters cinna- mon-brown, ventrum of a slightly lighter brown, sometimes grayish brown. Dorsum closely granulate with an indistinct darker marking, and numerous small grayish spots arranged in irregular transverse series. Eye eminence black, except at base; rounded, not canaliculate, smooth, or with a few small, acute tubercles. Palpi rather slender, with none of the angles prolonged; femur with a very few small spinous tubercles and hairs; patella strongly, and femur and tibia slightly, arched; coxae minutely tuberculate, tipped with white; trochanters and legs cinnamon rufous; tarsi dusky. Legs long and mod- erately robust. Genital organ of male ‘‘flat, nearly straight, slender at the basal portion, gradually widening and distally rather hyemale Weed, VES) A Gy 5 WOE 427 quickly expanded into a broad alate portion, and then abruptly contracted into a mod- erately robust, slightly curved point, which is placed at an angle to the rest of the shaft; at the base of the point a marked notch in the end of the shaft.” FEMALE.—Body 11 mm. long; 6.2 mm. wide. Palpi 7 mm. long. Legs: first, 48 mm.; second, 93 mm.; third, 46 mm.; fourth, 68 mm. Differs from the male in having a larger body, with the abdomen often greatly swollen. This species passes the winter in a half-grown condition. The eggs are apparently laid during summer and hatch early in autumn. The length of the second pair of legs of young speci- mens, taken at the Agricultural College during October, 1892, varied from 15 millimetres to 33 millimetres. The size of early spring specimens is repre- sented in plate 14, fig. 1; and the struct- ural details in fig. 2 of the same plate. Such forms are described as follows : — Length 7 mm.; width 4mm. Legs: first, 32 mm.; second, 60 mm.; third, 31 mm.; fourth, 45 mm? Body soft. Dorsum smooth; mottled brown. A distinct dark central marking begins at eye eminence, and runs two-thirds of the way to the posterior ex- tremity; it contracts near the anterior border of the abdomen, then expands in an even curve, and again contracts in a similar way- There is a deep oblique sinus just back of each lateral pore of cephalothorax. On the abdomen are scattered dark spots, arrange , in irregular transverse series. Eye eminence perfectly smooth; black about eyes with a light brown longitudinal central marking; slightly longer than high; not at all canali- culate. Mandibles light gray, with tips blackish: sparsely provided with short black hairs. Palpi slender; mottled grayish-brown ; all the joints provided with short, black, stiff 428 spinous hairs. Patella arched; its inner lateral distal angle produced into a_pro- nounced conical tubercle. Tarsal claw dis- tinctly pectinate. Ventral surface light gray. Legs long, rather stout; coxae light gray, remaining joints mottled cinnamon-brown. The mature condition is reached early in summer. The Mississippi forms are somewhat larger than plate 13, fig. 1, which represents a specimen from a more northern locality ; but the struct- ural details are similar to those illus- trated in fig. 2 of the same plate. An account of the variations and syn- onymy of this species will be found in one of the earlier issues of the Amer- ican Naturalist for 1893. LioBUNUM POLITUM MAGNUM, sub- species. new Mae. — Body 5 mm. long; 4 mm. wide; palpi 3.8 mm. long. Legs: first, 40 mm.; second, 80 mm.; third, 40 mm.; fourth, 58 mm. Dorsum granulate; varying from light cinnamon-brown to reddish brown, with no markings except occasionally a faint indica- tion of the usual central marking. Eye emi- nence prominent, slightly constricted at base, more or less black above, canaliculate, with a regular curved series of small, acute, blackish spines over each eye. Mandibles brownish white; tips of claws black. Palpi slender, light brown, with femur and patella sometimes dusky; finely pubescent, with a subobsolete row of minute dark tubercles on the inner ventro-lateral surface of femur, and another row on the inner ventro-lateral sur- face of tarsus; joints slightly arched. Ventrum with coxae, including the mem- branous distal lateral tips, and generally the trochanters, varying from light brown to ver- milion red. Legs with proximal portions light brown; distally dark brown or blackish. eS ViGTiE: _in October. [ April 1393. Shaft of genital organ nearly straight, slender, flattened, canaliculate; distal portion very slightly expanded, then slightly con- tracted, and again expanded into a_ half spoon-shaped portion, and terminating in a small acute point. FEMALE. — Body 65 mm. long; 4.5 mm- wide; palpi, 3-6 mm. long. Legs: first, 39 mm.; second, 8: mm.; third, 39 mm.; fourth, 57mm. Differs from the male in having a larger, rounder body ; and in the color of the dorsum, which is brown, or reddish-brown, with a rather distinct, darker central mark- ing and numerous whitish spots arranged more or less transversely. In some speci- mens the central marking and spots are ob- solete. Apical rings of ovipositor white. A few specimens of this form have been taken during fune and July at the Agricultural College. A single female has also been collected at the same place This is much more deeply colored than the others of this sex ex- amined, being clear reddish brown, and having the central marking and white spots on dorsum obsolete. It is illus- trated at plate 15, fig. 1, and the struct- ural of the northern Z. folctum are shown in fig. 2 of the same plate. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE II. Fig. 1.—Lvtobunum vittatum. Male. Natural size. 2.—Parts of same. Magnified. 2a.—Body. 2b.—Eye eminence. Side view. 2c.—Eye eminence. Front view. 2d.—Palpus. Side view. Side view. 3.—Liobunum vittatum dorsatum. from Dakota. Natural size. 2e.—Claw of palpus. Male April 1893.] PSYCHE. 429 PLATE 12. PLATE 14. Fig. 1.—Liobunum vittatum. Female. Nat- Fig. 1.—Zéobunum ventricosum hyemale. ural size. Immature. Natural size. 2.—Parts of same. Magnified. 2.—Parts of same. Magnified. 2a.—Body. 2a.—Body. 26.—Eye eminence. Side view. 26.—Eye eminence. Side view. 2c.—Eye eminence. Front view. 2c.—Eye eminence. Front view. 2d.—Palpus. Side view. 2d.—Palpus. Side view. 2e.—Claw of palpus. Side view. 2e.—Claw of palpus. Side view. PLATE 13. PLATE I5. Fig. 1.—Liobunum ventricosum (Wood), Fig. 1.—Lvobunum politum magnum. Fe- male. Natural size. male. Natural size. 2.—Parts of same. Magnified. 2.—Liobunum politum. Parts of male. 2a.—Body. Magnified. 25.—Eye eminence. Side view. 2a.—Body. 2c.—Eye eminence. Front view. 2d.—Palpus. Side view. 2e.—Claw of palpus. Side view. 2f-—Maxillary lobe of second pair of legs. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW 2b.—Eye eminence. 2c.—Eye eminence. 2d.—Palpus. Side view. Front view. Side view. 2e.—Claw of palpus. Side view. AND INTERESTING PHASIID-LIKE GENUS OF TACHINIDAE S. STR. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. During the last year, I have received, among several lots of flies from New Hampshire, a number of specimens of a tachinid s. str., which I at first mis- took for a phasiid of the genus Hya- lomyia. Upon examination, recently, the distinctness of the form was at once realized, but the great resemblance in almost every detail save one was very surprising. This one detail will, how- ever, always be sufficient to distinguish it, and that is the presence of macro- chaetae on the abdomen, a character possessed by no phasiid. From its extreme resemblance to Hyalomyia, I propose to call the new genus Hyalomyodes. The species may be known as . weedz7z, in honor of Dr. Weed, in whose sendings my atten- tion was first called to this interesting form. HyYALOMYODES nov. gen. Head much like Hyalomyia; front very narrow, slightly widened at vertex, much more widened toward insertion of antennae at narrowest about one ninth width of heaa in both sexes. same angle as latter, so that the two opposite boundaries of the face and front diverge uni- formly from each other from the narrowest part of the front to a point very near the oral Face widening from front at 430 margin. Sides of face extremely narrow, cheeks but little wider, the eyes thus descend- ing very nearly to oral margin. Oral mar- gin distinctly protruded anteriorly, vibrissal angles situated distinctly above oral margin, facial ridges with only several small bristles above and immediately next to the vibrissae, which latter are not strong but are distinct from the row of other bristles below them, and slightly decussate. Antennae reaching a little more than half-way to the oral mar- gin, third joint about once and a half as long as second. Arista bare, thickened on basal third, 1-jointed at extreme base. Frontal bristles rather weak, descending only to in- sertion of antennae. Proboscis not long, moderately stout, labella developed; palpi filiform, very slender but elongate. Thorax distinctly narrower than head, with a few bristles; scutellum subtriangular, with three pairs of bristles. Abdomen broad round- ovate, very distinctly wider than thorax, less broadened in @, vaulted, the tergum convex, venter almost always concave, furnished with rather numerous weak macrochaetae. Legs not stout, moderately long. Wings longer than abdomen, apical cell long petiolate, the petiole but little shorter than apical cross vein, fourth vein bent in a curve to third hardly more abruptly than in /yalomyza. Hind cross vein nearly straight, longer than apical cross vein, nearer to small cross vein than to curve of fourth vein. Tegulae large, the upper scale about one fifth size of lower, Hyalomyodes weedii nov. sp. Length of body, 4 to 4.5 mm.; of wing, 3.5 to 4 mm. Frontal vitta velvety black, taking up nearly all of front, widening behind and before with the width of front; the extremely narrowed sides of front, the sides of face and cheeks silvery white; facial depression silvery. Antennae and arista black, palpi fulvous. Thorax soft deep black, with a golden brown PS HCE. [April 1893- shade in oblique lights, humeri and pleurae cream colored, or silvery witha slight golden shade. Scutellum wholly black. Abdomen black, second segment with a median vitta and a narrow anterior border silvery pollinose with a slight golden shade, the border widen- ing laterally; third segment same, but with the pollinose border more widened and later- ally reaching the posterior border of segment, thus leaving on the posterior half of the seg- ment an irregular black area on each side ot the pollinose median vitta; anal segment entirely pollinose. First segment with a median marginal pair of bristles, second with a median marginal and discal pair, third and anal segments each with a somewhat irregular discal and marginal row of weak macro- chaetae. Legs black; claws and pulvilli short in Q,a little elongate in g. Wings hyaline, slightly grayish; tegulae tawny yellowish, halteres pale fulvous. There seems to be little difference between the sexes, the ¢ having the claws a little elongate while there is no appreciable difference in width of front. Described from three specimens, 2 9 and 1 ¢, Hanover, N. He, from bx. iC: M. Weed; and 2 9, Franconia, N. H., from Mrs. A. T. Slosson. I have seen this peculiar fly as yet only from New Hampshire. Notre.—Since sending the above in for publication, I have found in a sending from Mr. C. W. Johnson, of Philadelphia, two more specimens of this fly. One of these is a &, from Franconia, N. H., collected by Mrs. Slosson. The other specimen is from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was collected July 17. April 1893. ] (Continued from page 418.) 2. The female only differs from the male in its larger size, the greater obscurity of the median band on the primaries, and the greater distinctness of the subapical marks. Expanse, @, 25 mm.; 9, 32 to 38 mm. LAELIA, Steph. 86. L. hypoleucis, sp. nov. @. Front whitish. Antennae testaceous. Thorax and the forward portion of the abdomen on the upper side vinaceous. The abdomen at its extremity is tipped with white. The lower side of the body is whitish. The legs are pale fawn. The primaries are vinaceous with a darker longitudinal streak running from the base below the cell and curving outwardly toward the apex. The costa near the base and the apex are whitish. There is a small spot in the middle of the cell, a somewhat larger spot at the end of the cell followed by a zigzag very narrow, transverse limbal line, which beginning on the costa three-fourths of the distance from the base runs inwardly to the middle of the inner margin. That portion of this line which lies between the submedian and the first median assumes the form of a V-shaped mark with its point turned outwardly. In some specimens there is a faint curved transverse basal line. The markings of the primaries are somewhat variable and in some instances the large spot at the end of the cell in the primaries is obsolete. The secondaries are uniformly pure white above, and both primaries and secondaries are white below with the fringes of the primaries light brown checked with gray. Q. Like the male, but the markings of the fore wings in the specimens before me are more obscure. Expanse, @, 33 to4omm.; 9, 45 mm. 87. L. (?) barsinetdes, sp. nov. 6. Antennae long, culmen white, and pectina- tions grey. Palpi and head pale luteous. PST CHE. 431 Abdomen brown above. Thorax and abdo- men pale yellow beneath. Legs pale lute- ous, the tibiae encircled on the middle bya brown band. The primaries are pale luteous marked with ferruginous, somewhat after the style of some species of Barsine. There isa broad ferruginous subbasal band, an oblique oval annular spot at the end of the cell and a small spot above it on the costa. A broad irregularly curved and geminate ferruginous submarginal band runs from the apex to the inner margin followed by faint brownish marginal lines. The secondaries are uni- formly pale buff, semi-translucent. ° The under sides of both wings are pale buff, the markings of the upper side of the primaries being faintly indicated on the under side. Expanse, 23 mm. I refer this species with some doubt to the genus Laelia, owing to the fact that the antennae are heavier than in most species of the genus, and the wings are narrower than in typical Laelia. 88. L. lignicolor, sp. nov. &. Palpi, front, and thorax pale reddish-brown, abdo- Body whitish beneath. Legs The primaries are wood-brown men paler. pale fulvous. with the basal third darker, a darker spot at the end of the cell, and a broad diagonal line running from the apex to the middle of the base followed by a curved series of small black dots running likewise from the apex to the inner margin. The posteriors are uni- formly reddish-buff. The under side of both wings is pale buff. The secondaries have a discal dot at the end of the cell and an obscure submarginal series of fuscous mark- ings. Expanse, 27 mm. 89. L. setinoides, sp. nov. g@- Palbpi, front, and thorax pale luteous. Abdomen pale fawn, under side lighter. Legs and antennae concolorous. The primaries are pale luteous with a small brown dot beyond the end of the cell followed by another near the apex and with three similar spots, one 432 below the cell before the origin of the first median, the others on the middle of the median interspaces. The secondaries are whitish, semi-diaphanous. The under side of the wing is much as the upper side with the dots on the primaries distinct. Expanse, 25 mm. less go. L. ocellata, sp. nov. &. Palpi pale brown, tipped with orange. Front luteous. Antennae with the culmen whitish, the pec- tinations gray. Abdo- Lower side of body whit- Thorax vinaceous. men brown above. ish. Legs pale fawn marked with light red- dish. Primaries wood-brown with a small black spot below the cell near the base and a large brown spot at the end of the cell, which is accentuated on the lower side by a ' white semi-circle, and has in it one or two small black marks. Beyond this is a very narrow brown line beginning on the costa three-fourths of the distance from the base curving inwardly regularly to a point below the cell, and then running diagonally to the inner margin at a point one third of the dis- tance from the base. The apex is marked with a subtriangular diffused whitish spot, which is crossed by a subapical series of three black points. The fringes are concolor- ous checked with dark brown. The upper side of the secondaries is pale ochraceous with a submarginal band of fuscous mark- ings. On the under side both wings are very pale buff. Both have a large discal spot at the end of the cell, and both have a sub- marginal band of blackish dots and lines. The fringes are as upon the upper side. Expanse, 28 mm. AROA, Walk. gi. A. nigripicta, sp. nov. @. Antennae testaceous. Body blackish with the segments of the abdomen marked with whitish. The under side of the body is white. Legs white, the femora and tibiae margined with black. Tarsi ringed with black. Primaries smoky- black crossed near the middle by two curved LS TCT, [April 1893. bands of darker black and with some obscure whitish markings near the inner margin. Secondaries white, fuscous at the base, with the outer angle broadly tipped with black and the outer margin spotted with black. On the under side the primaries are whitish at the base and on the inner margin, while the apical half is black. The apex at the tip is slightly paler. the upper side. Expanse, 34 mm. This species is allied to A. terminalis, Walk., but is very distinct. The secondaries are as on Antennae Palpi white tipped Patagia white, each with a small black spot in the middle. Thorax and abdomen whitish above, white beneath. Primaries white with a double transverse basal line; a dark oval mark in the middle of the cell; a broad transverse band beyond the end of the cell curved and scalloped out- wardly and inwardly; beyond these a series of moderately large and somewhat diffuse submarginal hastate markings. The margin has a blackish dot at the middle of each inter- space. The secondaries are pure white with faint brownish marks on the margin at the middle of the interspaces. The under side of both wings is white. he primaries have a brown shadow upon the costa and a series of brown marginal spots on the interspaces. The secondaries have similar marginal spots, but much smaller and less distinct than on the primaries. 42 mm. 92) 2Aa data, sp. nove Qh testaceous. Front white. with dark gray. slight subapical Expanse Liparis, Ochs. 93. L.(?) muscosa,sp. nov. g. Antennae testaceous. Palpi and front dark brown. Upper side of thorax and abdomen gray. The abdomen with two black tufts on the dorsal line behind the thorax. Under side of the body paler. Legs whitish, banded with dark brown. Primaries pale greenish-gray with an oblong lunular brown mark at the end of- the cell, some brown marks at the base suc- April 1893.] ceeded by a transverse zigzag brown line run- ning from the costa to the middle of the inner margin but interrupted below the median nerve. Beyond the cell there is a transverse limbal line, which runs irregularly from before the apex to the inner margin two-thirds of the distance from the base. This is succeeded by asubmarginal line very irregular and produced to the outer margin above the radial, between the second and third median nervules, and near the outer an- gle. The fringes are concolorous. The up- per side of the secondaries is pale fuscous, darker towards the base. The under side of both primaries and secondaries is fuscous- ochraceous. Expanse, 55 mm. 94. L.hylomima, sp. nov. @. brown, margined below with reddish. pale reddish-brown. Collar pale brown, mar- gined inwardly with dark brown. Patagia brownish, margined externally with dark brown and fringed at the ends with long yel- lowish hairs, which are black near the base. The upper side of the abdomen is pale fulvous with two tufts of brown hair on the dorsal line. The lower side of the body is yellowish-ochra- ceous, The legs are concolorous, ringed with dark brown. The primaries on the upper side are brown, clouded with darker brown on the costa and at the end of the cell. There is a double curved basal line succeeded by a similar transverse line before the middle of the wing, bounded externally and internally by a paler shade. There is at the end of the cell a large irregular oval annular mark deep black defined outwardly by a narrow pale line. The apical area is lighter in color than the rest of the wing. The limbal area is crossed by an irregularly curved and angu- lated transverse line beyond which is a series of hastate marks with the points turned in- wardly. These hastate marks are alternately pale creamy and deep black, and are succeeded by a brown band, which is followed upon the margin by aseries of black hastate marks with their points turned outwardly, each de- Palpi Front PST CHE. 433 fined inwardly by a narrow creamy line. The fringe is brown, checked upon the ner- vules with black. formly dark fuscous. the primaries. The secondaries are uni- The fringes areas upon The lower side of the wings is uniformly fuscous, tinged with ochraceous at the base, with darker median and submar- ginal cloudings. The dark mark at the end of the cell of the primaries reappears upon the lower side faintly. Q. Female like the male except that the antennae are simple and not heavily pecti- nated, and this sex is nearly twice the size of the male. Expanse, gf, 53 mm.; 2, 90 mm. This insect is congeneric with the insect recently described as Lapfards Preussz, Stgr., by Mabille in the ‘‘Novitates Lepidopterolog- icae.” Mr. Butler has suggested to me the erection of a new genus for its reception. It appears, like ZL. Preussz, to be moderately rare. DASYCHIRA, Hiibn. 95. D. sublutescens, sp.nov. @. Palpi, front, pectus, and upper side of thorax and abdomen fawn colored. The lower side of the abdomen is ochraceous. The primaries are pale fawn with an annular mark at the end of the cell preceded and succeeded by ir- regularly curved and angled transverse lines. There are a series of dark zigzag marks upon the costa, a basal geminate transverse line, a submarginal series of hastate spots, succeeded by a marginal series of similar spots. The fringes are pale gray checked with fawn. The secondaries are pale ochra- ceous at the base clouded with fawn on the outer margin. The fringes as upon the primaries. On the under side, both wings are pale ochraceous clouded with pale fuscous on the outer margin. Q. The female is very like the male, but larger, with the abdomen above as well as below tinged with ochraceous. Expanse, gd, 43 mm.; 2, 53 mm. 96. D. ruptilinea, sp. nov. &. Anten- nae, front, palpi, the upper side of thorax and abdomen brown. The under side of the thorax and the abdomen pale brown. The legs are concolorous, with the tibiae and tarsi dark brown. The primaries are dark brown with a pale reddish spot near the middle of the cell and a curved limbal band of the same color extending from the costa before the apex to about the There is a narrow black sub- annulated with first median. marginal line sharply produced toward the margin opposite the end of the cell and at the extremity of the third median. dark brown line runs from the base of the A very wing parallel to the inner margin to near the Itis interrupted about the middle of the wing and accentuated extremity of the submedian. near its outer extremity by a small white dot. upon the costa and a black spot of raised The fringes There are also some dark markings scales at the end of the cell. are pale brown checkered with darker brown. The secondaries are uuiformly grayish-brown with the fringes faintly checkered as the primaries. Both wings on the under side are pale brown with a large diffuse dark spot at the end of the cell, and with a broken sub- marginal series of spots upon the secondaries. Q. The female has the markings much more distinct and larger than the male, and on the secondaries upon the under side there is a transverse median band of dark spots in addition to the submarginal band. Expanse, &, 38mm; 2,55 mm. 97. D. albostgnata, sp. nov. Q. Allied to D. Saussuret, Dewitz. The body and its appendages arecinereous. The primaries are cinereous with a dark spotat the base followed below the cell by a dark brown marking, which is defined externally bya curved line, running to the inner margin. At the end of the cell, there is a pale gray spot succeeded by a series of dark brown lunulate markings running from the costa before the apex to the inner margin. Beyond these markings be- LS GOTT ES. [April 1893. tween the first median and the submedian there is a subtriangular spot above which there isa broad brownish limbal shade. There are some irregular submarginal hastate lines and marks, and the margin, which is dark brown, is interrupted with pale cinereous at the ends of the nervules. The secondaries are uniformly cinereous with the fringes marked as the primaries. On the under side the wings are cinereous with an obscure dark shade on the primaries beyond the end of the cell, and an incomplete limbal line running from the costa parallel to the outer margin as far as the first median. The secondaries have a dark spot at the end of the cell and an incom- plete submarginal band near the outer angle. Expanse, 63 mm. 98. D. (2) apateloides, sp. nov. 9. The front and the upper side of the thorax and abdomen pale gray. The under side of the abdomen and appendages white. The prim- aries are grayish-white with a narrow line of black raised scales at the end of the cell followed by a transverse line of similar raised whitish scales, defined outwardly by dark brown and running from the costa before the apex to the inner margin. This transverse band is succeeded bya submarginal irregular series of lunulate dark lines defined inwardly by whitish markings. The outer margin has a line of dark points on the intraneural spaces defined inwardly by whitish subhastate mark- ings. The fringe is whitish. The seconda- ries are cinereous with the fringe whitish. On the under side the primaries are pale brown- ish-cinereous with the costa and the fringe narrowly white andthe inner margin broadly whitish. The secondaries on the under side are uniformly white. Expanse, 44 mm. NorouyBa,* gen. nov. Allied to Ilema, Moore and Oecura, Holl. &. Palpi short, compressed, the first joint small; the second joint relatively very large, * Naros = dorsum, ’YBos = gtbber. April 1893-] SOME NOTES ON .THE EARLY PSTCHE: 435 STAGES, ESPECIALLY THE CHRYSALIS, OF A FEW AMERICAN SPHINGIDAE. BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER. The subjoined descriptions are wholly from notes taken twenty or thirty years ago, and complement in part the larval descriptions given in B. P. Mann’s paper in the second volume of Psyche. MACROSILA CAROLINA. Egg. Round, very light green, and per- fectly smooth so far as can be seen with an ordinary lens. They are laid singly, and rarely more than one is found upon the same plant. Caterpillar. (See Psyche, v. 2, p. 73-75, for description of the larva, drawn up at the same time.) ' Chrysalis. Dark reddish brown witha slight dark olivaceous tint on the wings, the edges of the segments darker than the middle; spiracles and tongue black. The body is deeply hollowed at the metathorax on either side of the centre, somewhat constricted at the prothorax, and has a central depressed line and a pit on either side of it upon the front of the fifth and sixth abdominal seg- ments. Metathorax and hind wings not very conspicuous, the former with a transverse backward directed ridge. The tongue is free except at its bulbous tip, shorter than in M. quinguemaculata, and slightly incurved on its downward trend; its extreme tip is placed at one-third the distance from the head to the tip of the body and halfway between the front of the head and the tip of the wings, while in Af. guinquemaculata it is at half that distance. The hind legs reach the tip or nearly the tip of the wings which extend over four abdominal segments. Before the spiracles on the 5th-7th abdomi- nal segments there is a slit five or six times oe an as long as the spiracles, the posterior edge raised and lipped, and the top ridged above, the whole being black, and undoubtedly serving for the movement of the pupa in reaching again the surface of the ground; precisely the same thing occurs in other species of Macrosila. The head, thorax, and appendages are quite smooth, being only faintly wrinkled, except the tongue which is roughly wrinkled; the abdominal segments are profusely punctate anteriorly, punctate or rather pitted and wrinkled in the centre and, at least on the 4th-7th segments, very minutely and delicately punctate posteriorly: the last two segments are very deeply erose; the cremaster obtusely conical, tranversely compressed, having two short points with their inner edges diverging, but their outer edges nearly parallel. Length 50 mm.; breadth 14 mm. Some caterpillars which went under ground about August 27 had _ not changed on September 5, but changed within eight days thereafter. They seldom bury themselves more than three or four inches, and make an un- derground cavern with sides of packed earth. SPHINX CINEREA. Chrysalis. Mahogany brown, edges o segments slightly darker. Body a little hol- lowed on either side of the metathorax and slightly constricted at the prothorax. Meta- thoracic wings visible down to the spiracle of third abdominal segment. Tongue de- tached, heavily wrinkled, carried along the front nearly parallel to the breast, the tip not 436 bulbous and placed slightly more than a fourth way down the length of the body; the same structure before the spiracles as in Macrosila. Head, thorax, and appendages, apparently smooth but faintly wrinkled; ab- dominal segments wrinkled and punctate evenly and not heavily, their posterior edges on 4th-6th abdominal segments being mi- nutely punctate. Cremaster large, conical, scarcely flattened and with two very minute points upon it. Length 46.5 mm.; breadth 13 mm. Went under ground September 19. DOLBA HYLAEUS. Larval habits, etc. I placed a full grown larva found on Cape Cod early in September under a glass over a plant of sweet fern. The earth was clean, and he soon disappeared; but before doing so he bit off most of the leaves at their base, green and dried alike, and scattered them indiscriminately on the ground below, so that the earth was no longer to be seen, and until the leaves were removed I could not tell whether he was merely hidden beneath them or had gone under ground. No opening in the heap of leaves was discoverable. He had buried himself in the earth to the depth of about an inch in an oblique position, head uppermost. The faeces of this caterpillar are as- tonishingly large, forming an irregular cylindrical mass often 12-14 mm. long mm. broad, of a pitchy black color, and looking like furnace slag, and 5 and bearing no such definite markings as are seen in Macrosila. Parasites. While taking notes of the larvae, I was interrupted for a PSITCHE, \? [April 1893. couple of hours, and was very much surprised on my return to find that one I had been describing just before was now covered with brown worms; no less than eight of them had fastened — themselves by threads to the sides of — their victim, some on the fifth and some | on the eighth and ninth abdominal seg- ments. They were of a very light brown color, ; with a slight greenish tinge, having a dorsal row and on either side of it two other rows — of small rounded elevations, one upon the ~ anterior edge of each sezment in each row; — there was also a dark dorsal streak, and here © and there dark reddish brown spots, espec-_ ially upon the dorsal surface and the last — three or four segments. The round thoracic j spiracles were dark brown. The skin was glistening and very evenly and microscopi- — cally reticulate. The head had a faint green-_ ish tinge, and upon each side were two black bent lines like a figure 5 upon its side, while the opposite extremity seems to have a little thicker integument than the rest of the body. — Length 7 mm.; breadth 2 mm. ao These creatures had wormed their way directly through the body wall of- the caterpillar, leaving little brown pits — in various parts of the body to mark” their exit; but there seemed to be no wound as there certainly was no loss— of any fluid; why is there none, and ; why do all the worms come out to-— gether? The caterpillar, on the under side of a leaf, remained motionless, looking very slender and flabby, and acting in a very dumpish manner. As for the worms, they immediately began spinning their cocoons where they were, and when one was torn vio- — Toe. x A pril 1893. lently away, the maker at once began a new cocoon, constructing one-half at a time, namely the half opposed to its own ventral surface, and when this was completed, it turned about and made the other half. When all were made, the cocoons were seen to lie in clusters, some horizontal but most perpendicular to the back of the caterpillar; they were made of a very fine glistening silk, and when completed were about 4.5 mm. long by half as broad. It took one of them a little more than half an hour to completely envelope itself with silk, though much longer to com- plete the cocoon. These when fin- ished much resemble the buds of Comptonia, being of a light chocolate brown color, roughly ribbed longitudi- nally about a dozen times, the ends smooth; they are loosely attached to the caterpillar. In escaping from their cocoon, the enclosed Hymenopteron bites off the top of the cocoon in an irregular manner. All that I had es- caped me, and some came out at a time when others of the same lot still re- mained as larvae inside their cocoons. The caterpillars may be found in nearly every stage throughout the month of August in eastern Massachu- setts. Chrysalis. Uniform shining mahogany in color, with the wings lacking polish. FI AOS o WOE 437 The whole of the thorax and appendages ar® minutely wrinkled and all the abdominal segments are rather minutely punctured and also wrinkled; the wings cover the fourth abdominal segment; the tongue case is very short; the cremaster is long, slender, coni- cal, straight, pointed, very rough at the base, smooth toward the tip. Length 38 mm.; breadth to mm.; length of tongue 4.25 mm. HYLOICUS PLEBEIUS. Ckrysalzs. Black, the posterior margin of the 4th-6th abdominal segments light brown and minutely striate transversely. Body shaped much as in Sphinx cinerea, with the same structure before the spiracles but less prominent; the shoulders prominent. Tongue short, free, regularly curved, rather thickened at the tip and one-third the length of the distance from the tip of the head to the tip of the wings. Metathoracic wings reaching the spiracles of the third abdomi- nal segment. Antennae with a raised point in the centre of each joint. First joint of second pair of legs prominent. Head, tho- rax, and appendages wrinkled; abdominal segments coarsely wrinkled and deeply punctate. Cremaster like that of Sphinx cinerea, excepting that the tip is armed with a bifid prong which is down-curved. Length 44 mm.; breadth 10.5 mm. One larva went into the ground on September 19, afterwards worked lfim- self halfway and finally wholly out, and changed upon the surface Septem- ber 25. 438 PST CTL « [April 1893. LIFE HISTORY cOF ORGYEA GULOSA EY. EDW- BY HARRISON G. According to my observations, the larvae of this species have four or occa- sionally five stages for 6, and five for moths. This corroborates the published account of O. leucostigma by Prof. Riley which I was not able to confirm from New York specimens of that species. Judging by analogy, therefore, O. gulosa may elsewhere, or in different seasons have six stages for ¢, and seven for 2 moths, as I have observed to be the case in all other species of Orgyia which I have’yet reared. The young larva of O. gulosa may readily be dis- tinguished from that of O. cana; but not so with the mature larvae. In fact the mature larvae of these two species The only characters that will serve to separate them are that O, gwlosa usually has a lateral row of yellow spots which are wanting in O. cava and the warts of row v (substigmatal) are brown in O. gulosa and red in O. cana. But these characters may not always be constant. are hardly distinguishable. ORGYIA GULOSA Hy. Edw. 1881 — Hy. Edw., Papilio, i, 64. 1881 — Bull., Ann. mag. nat. hist. (5) viii, 316. 1882 — Grote, Check list, p. 17, no. 439. 1890 — Packard, 5th rept. U.S. ent. comm. De 134- 1891 — Smith, List lep., no. 1151. 1892 — Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 1, 495. Egg.— Almost spherical, smooth shining white, with a faint brownish spot and ring at the top; diameter 1 mm. Laid in amass on the cocoon of the female moth and covered with down from her body. First larval stage. — Head round shining DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. black; width o.4 mm. [Probably was really o.5 mm. ‘The measurement was not verified as I lost the cast head case-] Body pale purplish black, nearly white on the dorsum of joints 3 and 4 and yellow on joint 9; on joints 1oand 11, a large brick red dorsal spot, but no elevations to represent the retractile tubercles which are absent. Warts normal, row i small, row iv represented by small pale dots. The subdorsal warts on joint 2 are large with swollen bases. Each wart bears several black hairs, longer from the sides and extremities. Second stage. — Head black, a line above the mouth and basal joints of antennae white; width .7 mm. Body black, dorsum of joints 3 and 4 pale yellow, of joint 9 darker yellow; tips of abdominal feet pale orange. Subdor- sal warts on joint 2 large, but bearing only ordinary hairs. On joints 3 and 4a few pale hairs dorsally and on joints 5-7 a few black ones, converging over the dorsal line but not numerous enough to form tufts. Warts all black; retractile tubercles on joints 10 and 11 present, large, orange colored. Side hairs long, black, mixed with paler ones. Third stage. — Head as before; width 1.2 Body black laterally, the dorsum broadly pale yellow, but transversely streaked with black at the middle of each segment. These bands become broader posteriorly till they cover most of the segment. The yellow is also replaced by black in the segmental incisures and broadly on joints 5-8. Warts blood red, not very bright, rows v and viand the anterior dorsal ones partly black. Re- tractile tubercles coral red; cervical shield black. On joint 2 subdorsally and on joint 12 dorsally arise pencils of black plumed hairs* about t mm. long. On joint 5 a black mm. * These hairs differ from the other hairs of Orgyia in that the minute branches or barbs, with which they are all furnished, are longer and crowded more closely together nearthe tips of these hairs, giving them the appearance of being plumed at the end. April 1893.] dorsal brush-shaped tuft and on joints 6-8 white ones, which arise from the warts of row i and the upper part of row ii. The white ones are less well developed than the black one. Other hair black and white, yellowish dorsally on joints 3 and 4. Fourth stage. —(All 2 andsome @ larvae.) Much as before; width of head1.8 mm. The brush tufts are larger than before but not full size and they are colored the same. The warts of rows ii and iii are bright blood red, row v brown. (Row iand iv are so small as to be inconspicuous.) The body is colored as before, but the yellow dorsal band is divided by a black dorsal line and there is a broken lateral and substigmatal line. Abdominal feet reddish at tip. (Most ¢ larvae.) Differ in the greater length of the hair pencils while the four brush tufts are large, nearly alike and all colored of a silvery gray, in some specimens blackish or even black on the crest, but white on the sides, in others nearly all white. In one ex- ample, the one on joint 5 was slightly darker than the others. The yellow marks are more reduced than in the @ larva, consisting of a subdorsal, lateral and substigmatal row of irregular subquadrate spots. On completion of this stage the @ larvae spin their cocoons. Fifth stage. — (All 9 and a few g.) Head black, the labrum and bases of antennae pale yellow; width 1.7-3.0 mm. _ Body black, with the dorsum of joints 3 and 4 largely ochreous yellow except a black dorsal line, continued to joint 12 ina row of subdorsal yellow spots, irregularly elongated transversely and con- necting over the back posteriorly on the seg- ments ; similar lateral and substigmatal rows the latter most continuous. Hair pencils from joints 2 and 12, 2.5-4 mm. long, the one on joint 12 preceded by a tuft of shorter hairs. Brush tufts large, all uniform gray, in some darker on the crest, in others nearly white. The lateral region is irregularly tinged with ashy gray, largely so all over joint 13. Ab- dominal feet crimson. The warts are ar- ranged as follows. On joint 2, rows i and ii ASP CHILE. 439 minute on cervical shield, iii large, bearing the pencil, vi stigmatally; on joints 3 and 4 rows ii-vi, row iv being rudimentary, on joints 5 and 6 rows i-viii, row iv is rudimen- tary, behind the spiracles and rows vii and viii larger, on the venter; on joints 7-10, rows i-vi, row iv minute; on joint r1 like joint 5; on joint 12 rows i-v, vii and viii, row iv being minute viiand viii. Warts i-iii are bright red, but row i is so small as hardly to be seen; row iv is reduced to whitish spots bearing a few very inconspicuous hairs and row v is brown, while row vi is whitish with minute black tubercles, but is inconspicuous on account of its subventral position, though the warts are large. This is the last stage for @ larvae. Cocoon. — Elliptical, thin but opaque, com- posed of silk and the larval hairs, one end being left partially open to facilitate the ejec- tion of the cast skin. & pupa.—Cylindrical, rounded and blunt anteriorly ; abdomen tapering; cases promi- nent; cremaster long, but thick, terminating in hooks which adhere to the silk of the co- coon. Length12 mm., width 4mm. Color black, shiny, except the back which is brown- ish and the abdominal incisures which are nearly white. There are several rows of flat granular areas which represent the larval warts and bear a few hairs, and three dorsal tufts of short dense white hairs* on the sec- ond to fourth abdominal segments, repre- senting the brush tufts. Duration of this stage 18 days. Q pupa.—Abdomen large, thorax small, cases moderately large but slight. Color dark brown, nearly black on the back, orna- mented asthe @ pupa, but the dorsal struc- tures representing the larval tufts are on * Under the microscope these structures present a curious appearance. They are not atuft of hairs, but an irregular yellowish gelatinous mass, of a square shape but irrégular surface above, divided to the body on the dorsal line and seeming to contain a few hairs, besides several long ones similar to those over the rest of the surface. 440 abdominal joints 1-3, with slight ones on joint 4. Length 17 mm.; greatest width 6.5 mm. Duration of this stage 9 days. Food plant.—Live oak( Quercus agrtfolia) . & moth.—Variable in markings. An aver- age specimen was marked as follows. Prim- aries brownish gray, whitish scales largely predominating over a ground of black and brown scales;a black basal line, not reach- ing costa or internal margin and a brownish patch outside this, covering the lower half of the wing before the t. a. line and narrowly separated from the t. a. line by pale gray. Transverse anterior line broad, brown with black scales, especially near the costa, nearly straight, gently angulated at median vein; a reniform discal spot, outlined in brown, filled in with a white shade and narrowly bordered with whitish. Median space pale gray, espe- cially costally, darker outside the reniform spot; veins slightly lined in black. Trans- verse posterior line black, starting from costa above reniform spot, passing outward and around the spot, thence inwardly curved, slightly dentate outwardly on all the veins and reaching internal margin parallel to t. a. line. On the costa beyond t. p. line, a black patch, from which proceeds the rusty brown subterminal line, following a course parallel to the t. p. line and strongly marked below vein 2 by a white cresentic mark, which is produced toward the anal angle (on one wing) giving it the shape ofa comma. A brown terminal line, heavier and marked with black opposite the crescent. Fringes blackish interrupted with paler. Secondaries chestnut brown, shaded with black, quite heavily all around the outer mar- gin and apex. Below, chestnut brown; the costa of fore wings gray and an exterior blackish brown line on the costal half of all four wings. Expanse, 27 mm. (1.1 inch). Q moth.—Head and thorax small, legs slender, antennae srnall, shortly bipectinate; wings fully 5 mm. long, narrow, bent, clothed with sordid white hairs, mixed with a few black scales. Abodmen very large, robust, PS CEH Le: [April 1893- covered abundantly with pale cinereous down beneath. Back thinly clothed with sordid white down, the dorsum of the body showing through in a broad dark cinereous band on both thorax and abdomen. Width of thorax 3 mm.; length 2mm.; width of abdomen 9.5 mm.; length 15 mm. Habitat.—Coast region of California. Re- corded from Contra Costa Co., (Edwards), Alameda Co. (Behr), San Mateo Co., Santa Cruz Co., and Monterey Co., Cal. The moths above described agree so well with Mr. Edwards’ characterization of Orgyza vetusta Bd. that, had it not been for the food plant ofthe larva, I should have had no hesitation in referring them to that species. On the other hand, I have received from Mr. L. E. Ricksecker, under the name of O. vetusta, moths which exactly correspond with Mr. Edwards’ description of O. gulosa. It is evident, therefore, that Mr. Edwards has confounded the two forms and placed the larvae wrongly. His descriptions of the mature forms of O. vetusta and O. gulosa in Papilio (i, 60-62) should be transposed, while the characterizations of the larvae are correct. I have concluded to preserve the determinations of the larvae as made by Mr. Edwards rather than those of the moths because, in the larval state, they are the more easily separated, especially in relation to their food plants, and because this determination is the one generally accepted by Californian collectors. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.—III. BY SAMUEL HENSHAW. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. — Co- LEOPTERA. Vel. Ill, Part:3. . By: Henny, Stephen Gorham. : : gen. sp. Lycidae, 1880-81, pt. 8-9, p. 1-29; 1884, pt. 32-33, p- 225-249. 14 123 Lampyridae, 1881, pt. g-II, p. 29- 65; 1884-85, pt. 33, 36, p- 249- 277: 15 144 April 1893.] Telephoridae, 1881, pt. 11-14, p. 65- 106; 1885, pt. 36-38, p. 277- Zit. 16" 52 Lymexylonidae, 1881, pt. 14, p. 106-112; 1885-86, pt. 38, 46, p. 311-313. 4 8 Melyridae, 1881-82, pt. 14, 16, p. 112-128; 1886, pt. 46, p. 313- 332. 15 83 Cleridae, 1882, pt. 17-19, 21, 24, p. 129-193; 1886, pt. 46-47, p. 332- 346. 27 200 Ptinidae, 1883, pt. 24, p. 194-209; 1886, pt. 47 P- 347-352. 15 43 Bostrychidae, 1883, pt. 24, p. 210- 218; 1886, pt. 47, p. 352-354. 7 15 Cioidae, 1883, pt. 24, p. 218-224; 1886, pt. 47, p. 354-360. 6) 24 Species of the following genera are fig- ured :— Lycidae. — Caenia, 1. *Calleros, 4. *Calo- cladon,2,4,11. *Calolycus, 4. Calopteron, W244 tie *einoptes,; rr Iucaina, 12. *Lycinella, 11. Lycostomus, 1, 2, 11. Ly- cus, I. Lygistopterus,1, 2,11. Plateros, 1, Qekte Lampyridae.— Aethra, 3, 11. Aspido- soma, 3, 4, 12. Cladodes, 3. Cratomorphus, 4, 11,12. *Drilolampadius, 3, 11. Hyas, 3. Lamprocera, 3, 11. Lucidota, 3, 4, 11. Mega- lophthalmus, 11. Phaenolis, 3. Phengodes, 3,5. Photinus, 3, 4,12. Photuris, 3, 4, 12. Pyrectomena, 3, 4. Telephoridae.—Belotus, 6. Chauliogna- thus, 5,6, 12. *Daiphron,5. *Discodon, 5, 6. Lobetus, 6. Malthinus, 6. *Maronius, 6. 12. | Silis, 5, 6, 12. *Thinalmus,6. Try- pherus, 6. Lymexylonsdae. — Atractocerus, 7. *Eury- opa,6. Melitomma, 7. *Ptorthodius, 6. Melyridae.—Anthocomus, 6, 7. *Antixoon, 13. Astylus, 7, 12. Attalus, 13. Collops, 6, 13. *Cymbolus, 13. *Dromanthus, 7, 13. Ebaeus, 7. Lemphus, 13. Listrus, 13. Clertdae. — Aulicus, §. *Blaxima, 8. Chariessa, 12. Clerus, 8, 12. Colyphus, 7, IASI KOI GOP 441 8, 12, 13. Cymatodera, 7, 13. 8,12. Hydnocera, 9, 13. Lebasiella, 9. Orthopleura, 9. Pelonium, 9,12. Phonius,7. Platynoptera,g. Poecil- ochroa,- 13. Priocera, +7, 13. Pyticera, 9. Sallaea, 8. Tillus, 9, 13. Ptinidae. — Anobium, 13. Dorcatoma, 10. *Lioolius, 10. *Micrano- bium, 10. Mirosternus, 13 *Pitnus, I0. *Priotoma, 10. Ptinus, 10. *Thaptor, to. Trichodesma, 10. Trigonogenius, 10, 13. Bostrychidae.— Bostrychus, 10. Dino- derus, 13. Polycaon, 10. Tetrapriocera, 10 Xylopertha, ro. Cioidae.— Ceracis, 10. Cis, 10, 13. Mac- rocis,10. Xylographus, 13. The figure following the name of the genus denotes the number of the plate; new genera are marked (*). Epiphloeus, Ichnea, 9, 10, 12. Cathorama, 10: VANESSA MILBERTI, A CORRECTION.— In the current volume of Psyche, p. 10, I notice reference to a specimen of this butterfly hav- ing been caught at Polegate, Sussex, in England. At the time I questioned the authenticity of the specimen, and at the meeting following that at which it was exhibited, enough information had _ been obtained to prove that it was not taken in England and had been palmed off as a variety of V. urticae on a gentleman who gave rather high prices for varieties of British Lepidoptera. FW. Lute. ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTEs.—The twelfth part of Kolbe’s Introduction deals with the diges- tive tract and its appendages and the secre- tory organs, apparently completing the study of the internal structure of insects, though the outline of the plan of the work announced in the first part has not been strictly fol- lowed. The special bibliographies to each section are, as heretofore, important acces- sories to the work, but do not appear always to have been compiled with sufficient care, many minor references being given which hardly deserve mention in a selected series, 442 SOC: while some of much greater significance are omitted. In an interesting paper on Acronycta, which has been for some time running through the pages of the Entomologists’ Record, Dr. T. A. Chapman states that in its two last stages the larva of Cuspidia aint Soa Mae odor is suggestive of an escape of ordinary illuminating coal gas. $= 6-7 Subdorsal 65-3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Lateral 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 e—~- — —— — ——_—_ —— White Yellow. White. A younger larva about 21 mm. long is like head are altogether blackish and all the body the adult, except that the long spines on the spines are yellow. A. SMITH & SONS, 114 FULTON STREET, New York. MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and A wisn ae Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Ete. Other articles are being added, Send for List. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SamueL H. ScuDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. 1958 Pages of Text. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. The set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 xed. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. PSYCHE A JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874. | Vol.-6. No. 207. iwi: S03. CONTENTS: THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INsects.—II.— W. M. Wheeler. 485 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEsT AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.—VII (Plates 17, 18).—W. $. Holland. . : : : : : : 487 A CABBAGE-LIKE CECIDOMYIIDOUS GALL ON BIGELovia.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. . 491 Tue CLick oF AGERONIA (Illustrated).—G. F. Hampson. : ; : 491 EARLY APPEARANCE OF ANOSIA PLEXIPPUS.—S. H. S. : : : : : 491 ATROPHARISTA JURINOIDES.— S. W. Welliston. : : : , : : : 492 NoTE ON Dr. WILLISTON’s CRITICISMS.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. ; 492 ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTEs (Insect embryology ; revision of the system of Orthoptera ; list of Nebraska Orthoptera; exchange of places of Messrs. Townsend and Cockerell; the new catalogue of Hemiptera; two new works on butterflies; honors to entomologists; explanation of plates 17-18; correction). . - : ; 492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLuB (Tropaeolum as food of Pieris rapae; races of Schistocerca literosa on the Galapagos). F 494. PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CamBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c. [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 484 PSECTEE: [July 1893. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. RE Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed. J Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, zwéthout change of form, to the author of any leading article, ¢f o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Free Author's extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, 5 2c. Separates, with changes of form—actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. Tee Scientific publications desired in exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphlets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE, fee Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve he right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects or | exchange or desired for study, mot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, $o.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . : 75 .60 Quarter “ 4 Ss 1.25 1.00 Half “ ss s 2.25 1.75 One a = 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Carlstrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily in Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais AISI, pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of aie North American Noctuidae. Part I. aoe tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen,1I8go._ . 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of Nev England. Boston, 1858 ; 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (on taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885, 8p., 1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names propery for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. Scudder, S. H. The pine- NS of Nene tucket, Retinia frustrana, col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of 1.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. Jae 42-46. Stettin, 1881- 1885. : 5.00 U.S. Se as Commission. Bulletins; Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 5 1.00 Fourth eee Washiteton! 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any Janguage I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Lowa. FINE EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. In great variety. List on application. Sample box of 18 Indian and African butterflies, post free, $1.50. : Dr. REID, JuN., Ryhope, near Sunderland, England. = | > we : \ een ee “a ao ve 7-1 40 j H ( fas a) NSSVEA A MAS Ace i at ¢ ite & r i x by Lf r : " a7 J ul a 7 - a le " = » A s : ; os , ¥ i a * : : Pe c oan SU es Macca Nm TATE Man) E Acts MP Psyche, 1893, Vol. 6. P Plate LITHOTYPE PRINTING CO., 111 NASSAU ST., N. Y. AFRICAN BOMBYCIDS (Reduced %). LITHOTYPE PRINTING CO., 111 NASSAU ST., N. Y- AFRICAN BOMBYCIDS (Reduced '). PS YORE. THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INSECTS.— II. BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER, PH.D., CHICAGO, ILL. ApTERYGOTA. In searching for the ancestral conditions of the Malpighian vessels it is natural to turn first to this group. The few data are, however, very unsatisfactory on account of the wide differences between the statements of authors. As an example we may take Lepisma. According to Ram- dohr* this insect has two Malpighian vessels; according to Treviranus, t Rovelli,t Gegenbaur§ and v. Siebold, | four; according to Leuckart,§ six ; ac- cording to Schindler,** eight. Fernald saystt that he was unable to ascertain * Abhandlung ueber die verdauungs werkzeuge der insecten. Halle, 1811. . { Vermichte schriften Bd. ii heft.1, p. 15. Gdttingen, 1816. t¢ Alcune richerche sul tubo digerente degli atteri, ortotteri e pseudo-neurotteri. Como., 1884. § Grundriss, etc., 1874, p. 292. || Anatomie d. wirbellosen, p.625. 7 Frey u. Leuckart, Anatomie u. physiologie d. wir- bellosen, p. 102. ** Beitrage zur kenntniss der Malpighi’schen getasse der insecten. Zeitschr. f. wiss. zool. Bd. 30, 1878, p. 602. tt The relationships of arthropods. Studies biol. lab. Johns Hopkins univ. vol. iv, no. 7, 1890, p- 464. the number, but feels certain that there are at least four. In Machilis Grassi* found twelve Malpighian vessels, uniting in pairs and hence ‘‘on peut les considerer comme étant au nombre de six.’”’ But Oude- manns,f who has studied the anatomy of Machilis very carefully, finds twenty vessels, uniting in pairs and opening by means of ten apertures at the junction of the mid and hind-guts. Campodea has about 16 Malpighian vessels according to Grassi.{ These organs were seen by Oudemanns§ but he failed to ascertain their exact number. According to Grassi|) both Nicoletia and Lepismina have six Malpighian vessels, opening separately into the hind- gut. *Les ancétres des myriapodes et des insectes, tome xi, 1889, p. 310. + Bijdrage tot de kennis der Thysanura en Collem- bola, Amsterdam, 1887, p. 66. t loco crtato, p. 310. §1. c. p. 67. || 1. c. p. 311. 486 Haliday,* Meinertt and Grassi agree in stating that Malpighian vessels are absent in Iapyx. Opinions are divided as to the occur- rence of Malpighian vessels in the Col- lembola. Nicolet § thought he saw three pairs in Podurids and figures them in Podura stmzlata. Frey and Leuckart|| and v. Siebold§ also men- tion six as the number in Podurids. DeOlfers** saw only four in the Col- lembola. . On the other hand, Laboulbenet+ and Fernaldtt{ find no trace of Malpighian vessels in Anurida maritima. Schin- dler§§ failed to find them in Podura arborea, and Lubbock|||| had no better success with Orchesella fastuosa (a species in which they were figured by von Olfers), Zomocerus plumbeus, Smynthurus and other species. Tull- berg’s§¥ results are also negative. *Japyx, a new genus of insects belonging to the stirps Thysanura in the order of Neuroptera. Trans. Linn. soc. vol. xxiv, 1864, p. 444. t On the Campodee, a family of Thysanura. Ann. mag. nat. hist. vol. xx (3) 1867, p. 372. Hives p. 310: § Recherches pour servir A l’histoire des Podurelles. Nouv. méin. soc. helvet. d. sci. natur. 1841, p. 47 (pl. iv, fig. 2). || 1. c. p. 102. Tl. c. p. 625. ** Annotationes ad anatomiam Podurarum. Diss. inaug. Berolini., 1862, p. 16. tt Recherches sur l’Anurida maritima. Ann. soc. ent. France. 4° ser. tome iv, 1864, p. 715. ttl. c. p. 468. §§ 1. c. p. 602. |||| Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. Ray soc. London, 1873, p. 75. W1Sveriges Podurider. Kong]. svenska vetensk. akad. Handlngar. bd. ro, no. 10, 1872, p. 22. PS (GI ES. [July 1893. The majority of recent writers, among whom Oudemanns deserves special mention, are of the opinion that the Collembola have no Malpighian vessels. It is clear that no phylogenetic con- clusions of any value can be drawn from the heterogeneous observations here given. After making all due allowance for errors of observation, it is safe to say that the Malpighian vessels of the Apterygota are in a state of what Baron v. Osten Sacken calls ‘¢‘morpho- logical restlessness.”” The amplitude of variation within the group is very great, extending from twenty vessels in Machi- lis to none in Anurida and allied forms. There are grounds for believing that this variation is not a precursor of ad- vancing development, but rather an ex- pression of degeneration. Other organs —such as the eyes, tracheae, sexual organs—show a similar great range of structural variation and stamp the Ap- terygota as a group which has well nigh run its course in Hexapod evolution. DERMAPTERA. In Forficula auricu- larz~a according to Ramdohr,* there are twenty Malpighian vessels, inserted in_ clusters of five on four protuberances of the chylific gut. In the same species Schindlert found the number of vessels to be greater than 30, and their inser- tions, if I understand him correctly, to encircle the gut regularly. ee G.paizos tl. c. p. 604. July 1893.] (Continued from page 470.) yond this near the apex on the costa are some obscure darker markings, and near the outer angle is a small oval patch of raised dark brown scales. The secondaries are uni- formly pale fuscous, slightly darker on the outer margins. Under side: The wings are pale grayish white with an obscure lunate discal mark at the end of the cell of the prim- aries, and a similar, but more conspicuous mark, at the end of the cell of the secon- daries. These marks in both wings are fol- lowed by incomplete and obscure transverse limbal and transverse marginal lines. The fringes of the primaries on the under side are checked with dark brown, or blackish, as on the upper side. The fringes of the secondaries above and below are very faintly checked in the same way. @. What I take to be the female of this species resembles the male just described in all respects, save that it is larger and the general coloration is more uniformly olive- brown with the markings dark brown and somewhat more diffuse. The antennae, of course, are less strongly pectinated in this sex. Expanse fg, 30mm.; 9, 35 mm. 143. SS. chloe, sp. nov. brown; collar, tegulae and upper side of thorax dark green; upper side of abdomen and lower side of thorax and abdomen to- gether with the legs pale ruddy, with the outer edges of the tibiae covered with pale green scales. Upper side: The prim- aries are bright pea-green, shading into greenish-white on the outer margin and trav- ersed by obscure transverse basal, geminate transverse median, and geminate transverse limbal lines. There is an obscure dark green dot at the end of the cell, and some blackish markings on the costa and the outer margin near the apex. The fringes are uniformly pale whitish. The secon- daries are pale ruddy-brown with the basal half darker brown, and on the costa tinged PSTCHE. &. Front pale 487 with pale green, striped near the outer angle by three or four lines of dark green. On the under side, both wings are very pale and creamy tinged with ruddy, the inner two- thirds of the costa and the cell being clouded, with dark purplish-brown. Expanse, 33 mm. 144. S. falsa, sp. nov. g. Front, thorax, and abdomen brown; legs concol- orous. Primaries dark brown with a mulfi- tude of irregular and vaguely defined transverse lines and markings of obscure gray, defined inwardly and outwardly by very narrow lines of dark brown raised scales. The fringes are pale regularly checked with dark brown on the interspaces. The secondaries are uniformly ruddy-brown with the costa near the outer angle barred with darker brown. On the under side, the wings are dark brown with the marginal area of both wings uniformly margined with paler brown. On the secondaries there is an obscure discal mark at the end of the cell, followed by a slightly paler transverse median fascia. Expanse, 35 mm. 145. S. propingua,sp.nov. §. Allied to S. bztiotdes, trom which it differs in having the fore wings relatively shorter, broader, and more rounded at the apex. The ground color of the primaries is greenish with gemi- nate basal, sub-basal, and transverse limbal lines of brown with a pale green spot on the costa about the middle extending over the end of the cell. There is a uniform submar- ginal series of dark brown lunulate markings and some dark brown spots between this and the transverse limbal markings near the outer angle. The secondaries on the upper side are pale brown with the costa stramineous, banded near the outer angle with three incom- plete bands of dark brown. The abdomen and the wings on the lower side are pale stramineous, the costa and outer area of the primaries being broadly laved with fuscous. Expanse, 33 mm. NorRACA, Moore. 146. NV. signifera, sp. nov. @. Front, collar, and anterior edge of patagia dark brown; posterior edge of patagia light rosy- brown; upper side of thorax and abdomen rosy-fawn; lower side of the abdomen and of the legs similarly colored. Upper side: the primaries are pale rosy-brown, darkest on the costa and at the apex. On the middle and at the end of the cell, are two obscure subquad- rate spots of darker brown margined exter- nally and internally by very fine parallel lines. Below the spot in the middle of the cell, there isa dark blackish subquadrate spot. There is a regular series of fine submarginal lines on the interspaces arranged in echelon from the apex to the outer angle. The sec- ondaries are whitish slightly tinged with pale pinkish. Under side: both primaries and secondaries are uniformly pinkish-white. Expanse, 38 mm. 147. WV. brevipennis, sp.nov. @. Wings relatively short and broad; front dark brown; occiput yellowish; patagia and upper side of thorax dark brown; upper side of abdomen lighter brown; under side of thorax and ab- domen and legs pale brown. Upper side: Primaries dark brown with the base and a broad subtriangular patch above the outer angle on the margin pale yellowish. The pale area at the base is marked by two narrow dark brown lines forming a figure eight, the upper circle in which anastomoses with a narrow dark line situated on the median ner- vule. In the middle of the cell and near the end are obscure darker quadrate spots sepa- rated from each other by a pale spot. There is a series of submarginal dark lines on the interspaces parallel tothe outer margin. The fringes, which are narrow, are dark brown. The secondaries, which are uniformly very pale brown, have the fringes narrowly dark brown. The wings on the under side are uniformly pale rosy-brown, the fringes being as on the upper side. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat, Benita. PSYCHE. [July 1893- - 148. WV. lineata, sp. nov. @. Front and collar dark brown; patagia, upper side of thorax and abdomen somewhat paler; under side of thorax and abdomen and legs pale reddish-brown. The upper side of the prim- aries is pale brown, the same color as the thorax, heavily clouded with blackish-brown on the inner margin near the outer angle. There are some obscure annular markings on the cell, a distinct annulus below the cell near the origin of the first median nervule, a blackish V-shaped dash about the middle of the inner margin with the vertex pointing toward the cell, and two straight narrow transverse black lines parallel to each other running from before the apex to the inner margin before the outer angle. The inner- most of these lines is the heavier. There is a subtriangular series of fine curved lines on the interspaces. The fringes are dark brown. The secondaries on the upper side are uni- formly pale fuscous. On the under side the primaries and the secondaries are uniformly pale brown, and both are crossed by a some- what broad diffuse transverse median line. Expanse, 32 mm. 149. NW. arctipennis,sp.nov. @. Front, collar and upper side of thorax dark maroon; the upper side of the abdomen dark fuscous ; the under side of the thorax and abdomen together with the legs pale rosy-brown. The upper side of the primaries is rich maroon with two obscure annular markings, one on the middle of the cell, and the other at the end, and a submarginal series of darker spots on the interspaces. The secondaries are uniformly dark fuscous. Both wings on the under side are pale reddish-brown and both have very obscure suggestions of diffuse transverse median lines. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat Benita. TurRNACcA, Walk. 150. 7. grisea, sp. nov. ¢. Tips of palpi whitish; the front, collar, and upper side of thorax and abdomen gray; lower side July 1893. | of the thorax, abdomen, and legs white. The primaries on the upper side are uniformly gray, irrorated with minute darker scales and marked by a submarginal series of minute white spots punctuated inwardly with minute blackish spots. The secondaries are gray, slightly paler than the primaries. The under side of the primaries is clouded with fuscous except on the costa and outer margins. The under side of the secondaries is white. Q. The female has the antennae much less strongly pectinated than the male, and the primaries are produced somewhat acutely at the apex. Expanse, @, 35 to 37 mm.; @, 50 mm. 151. Z. ¢gnobilis, sp. nov. @. Front, collar, and upper side of thorax obscure gray- ish; upper side of abdomen and lower side of thorax and abdomen whitish. The upper side of the primaries is whitish with an obscure transverse basal and median zigzag line. There is a submarginal series of small black dots on the interspaces. The second- aries on the upper side and the primaries and the secondaries on the under side are uni- formly white, shining. Expanse, 38 mm. Ramesa, Walk. 152. &. (2) minuta, sp. nov. @. The head, and thorax grayish; the upper side of the abdomen paler gray; the under side of the thorax and the legs dark gray; the under side of the abdomen whitish. The primaries are grayish-white with a number of minute linear dashes on the outer half of the wing and crossed from the base to the middle of the outer margin by a dark blackish ray. The secondaries on the upper side are pale testa- On the under side both wings are Expanse, 28 mm. ceous. uniformly testaceous. SCALMICAUDA*, gen. nov. Palpi small, compressed, heavily scaled, last joint obsolescent. Antennae heavily pectinated for one half the distance from the *Scalmus = an oar; cauda= a tail. PSLGHE. 489 base; the culmen simple beyond the middle. The abdomen projects for one-third of its length beyond the hind margins of the wings, and is provided with a long conspicu- ous brush of anal hairs as in the genus Ichthyura. The primaries are elongated, with the costa straight, slightly rounded at the apex, the outer margin straight, the inner margin curved, with the outer angle excised. The secondaries are subpyriform. In the primaries vein 6 is given off beyond the cell; veins 8 and g anastomose to near the apex. Inthe hind wings veins 7 and 8 are stalked, vein 9 runs along the upper edge of the cell. Type S. dexga, Holl. 153. S. denga, sp. nov. @. Front and collar dark brown; patagia and upper side of thorax and abdomen dark gray; legs brown; under side of abdomen grayish- brown. Primaries grayish-brown traversed by a pale line running from the apex diagon- ally to the middle of the inner margin, and defined inwardly by dark brown. The area within this line is dark brown contrasting with the lighter area beyond it toward the margin. There is a very fine pale curved sub-basal line succeeded by an annulus on the middle and also at the end of the cell, a similar annulus below the cell at the origin of the median nervule. There are some zig- zag narrow submarginal markings shaded inwardly by rusty sagittate spots. The sec- ondaries on the upper side are fuscous. On the under side both wings are pale wood- brown with the basal area of the primaries clouded with fuscous. Expanse, 36 to 40mm. MACRONADATA, Moeschl. 154. MW. brunnetdorsa, sp. nov. @. Al- lied to M. collart#s, Moeschl., from which it differs in lacking the dark spot at the end of the cell of the primaries, and having the middle of the abdomen on the upper side marked by a broad brown longitudinal band. The secondaries furthermore are heavily clouded with dark brown at the base. The A490 transverse lines on the primaries are ar- ranged as in M. collaris. Expanse, 60 mm. I have two specimens which agree thor- oughly and differ in the respects mentioned from the insect described and figured by Moeschler. This may be merely a varietal form of his species. STAUROPUS, Germ. I55- S. sguamipennis, sp. nov. &. Antennae heavily pectinated, except at the tip of the culmen. Front and collar very dark brown; upper side of thorax and abdo- men dark brown; lower side of body and legs paler brown. Primaries dark brown with a broad sooty shade crossing the wings beyond the base. A narrow pale line runs from the costa before the apex to the middle of the outer margin. The wing is orna- mented by numerous patches of raised velvety scales of dark brown, margined inwardly and outwardly with pale ferrugin- ous. The fringes are dark brown interrupted with minute white tufts at the ends of the nervules. The secondaries are brown with the costal area marked by three heavy trans- verse bands of very dark brown. The under side of the primaries and secondaries are pale wood-brown with obscure and diffuse transverse median bands of paler brown. Expanse 38 mm. LASIOCAMPIDAE. STIBOLEPIS, Butl. 156. S. subiridescens, sp. nov. @:- Front dark brown; collar and pectus pale creamy; upper side of thorax and abdomen pale fulvous; under side of body creamy; legs creamy with the anterior pair margined inter- nally with dark brown. Primaries on the upper side pale fulvous crossed by waved transverse basal, transverse median, trans- verse limbal, and submarginal lines, which are produced upon the secondaries. The trans- verse limbal line is accentuated externally PSTCHE. { July 1893. on both wings by a series of small elongated whitish spots, the most conspicuons being the one nearest the apex, and those nearer the inner margins of the wings. The under side of the wings is uniformly very pale yellowish-brown, lightest at the base. The wings are semi-diaphanous. @. The female is much larger than the male. The wings are darker reddish and the median surface on the under side, which is not nearly as heavily clothed with hair as in the male, is most beautifully iridescent, changing in different lights from pale green of brilliant purple. Expanse, g, 34mm.; 9, 54 mm. EsTIGENA, Moore. 157. LZ. “Africana, sp» nov. 6. Palpi dark brown; front and upper side of body pale fawn; lower side of abdomen darker brown; the legs pale fawn. The primaries fawn with some paler markings near the base and about the middle of the wing beyond the cell. The end of the cell is marked by a minute discal dot. The secondaries are pale fawn on the inner margin with the costa and the outer margin as far as the middle darker brown. There are three hyaline spots, one at the end of the cell, and two just beyond it at the origin of vein 7. Immediately above these spots toward the costa are four pale yellowish spots with dark brown nuclei. The under side of both wings is marked very much as the upper side. Expanse, 58 mm. HyYPOTRABALA, gen. nov. @. Palpi minute, last joint exceedingly small. Antennae relatively small with minute setae. Legs short, hairy. Body stout. Primaries produced at apex, the costa strongly curved beyond the middle; outer margin slightly crenulate, inner margin curved; veins 6 and 7 stalked; vein § spring- ing from upper angle of cell. Secondaries suboval, somewhat elongated, with the outer _ margin slightly crenulate; veins 5 and 6 July 1893.] A CABBAGE-LIKE CECIDOMYIIDOUS GALL ON BIGELOVIA. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA. On June 21, 1892, asmall bud-like gall was foundon Bigelovia graveolens. It was quite abundant a few miles to the east of Gallo Spring, N. Mex. There were also found next day, June 22, west of Apache Spring. Gall.—Length, 5 to 84 mm.; greatest basal width, 4to7 mm. Small, bud-like, borne on sides of stems, to which the gall is attached by a very constricted base almost without length; formed of loosely overlapping stip- ules much like the cabbage gall on willow but not conical or compact. Greenish in color, or slightly yellowish, scantily covered with a fine white woolly pubescence. Stip- ules forming the gall rather broad at base, pointed at end or sometimes rounded, from 12 to 20 in number, but not more than 8 or 10 showing on the outside, the tips of the rest joined and forming the terminal central tip of the gall. Inside the innermost of these, in a little slightly hardened cell, a single larva or pupa is found. Stipules with the woolly pubescence on the outer convex surface and on the edges, nearly or quite bare on the inner concave surface: The central pupal cell is thinly lined with the white woolly pubescence, and is about 3 mm. long, by 14 mm. wide. Described from 8 or g galls. This species, which is with hardly a doubt new, may be called Cectdomyia bigeloviae-brassicoides. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell records, on page 106 of vol. vi, West American Sci., the breed- ing of a cecidomyian from the galls of the trypetid Zurosta bigeloviae. Ifbred from the trypetid galls, itcan hardly be the same as this species. He proposes the name C. dzgeloviae for it, but without description of either gall or insect. THE CLICK oF AGERONIA.—In a paper on stridulation in certain Lepidoptera pub- PSYCHE. 491 lished by the Zoological society of London Mr. G. F. Hampson gives the first reasonable explanation of the clicking sound produced by Ageronia. He says: ‘‘On detaching and clearing a fore wing of Ageronia arethusa, I found there was a small pyriform membran- ous sac attached to the base of the inner mar- gin ofthe fore wing, open anteriorly, and with a pair of curved chitinous hooks with spatulate extremities lying freely in front of it. It was obvious that this could not come into contact with any of the nervures of the hind wing, and that no structure attached to the hind wing could act on it; and as there seemed to be a projection on the thorax in the immediate neighborhood, I cleared and denuded of scales a half insect with the wings still attached to the thorax, and could then see under a low power of the microscope that there was a pair of strong chitinous hooks attached to the thorax and that when the fore wing was moved up and down the spatulate ends of the chitinous hooks attached to the wing played against these, being released when the wing reached a certainangle, and I suggest that this is the cause of the clicking sound, the hooks acting as a tuning fork and the membranous sac as a sounding board.” We owe to the favor of the Zoolog- ical society the opportunity to reproduce here his cut illustrative of the mechanism involved. EARLY APPEARANCE OF ANOSIA PLEXIP- Ppus.— On two very warm days in the early part of May, May 11 and 12, Mr. S. W. Den- 492 ton saw close at hand a faded but otherwise perfect female of Anosta fPlexippus in the garden of Mr. William Brewster of Cam- bridge, Mass. It remained for some time about the garden apparently searching for the food plant. This must have been a hibernator and it would seem scarcely possi- ble that it could already have flown from so great a distance as the extreme southern states, but must have passed the winter in some locality somewhat further north. It will be recollected moreover that our last winter was unusually severe. Ss Sy ATROPHARISTA JURINOIDES. — Professor Townsend mistakes my notein Psyche. I did not mean to criticize him for making a synonym — my own house is too vitreous to warrant the free use of such missiles. But he should not be so reluctant to admit in type what he does ¢ Irtterts, that he had overlooked Melanophrys. I wasinerror in regard to the types: Mr. Aldrich tells me that the spe- cimens in his collection which I examined were ones that he had compared with the types. All thatI intended in the article re- ferred to was a protest against the indis- criminate use of some of the characters upon which have been founded the hosts of new genera in this family within the past three or four years. S. W. Williston. Lawrence, Kansas, May 5, 1893- Note ON Dr. WILLISTON’S CRITICISMS.— In his article in the March, 1893, number of Psyche, Professor Williston does me an injustice. My recent table of tachinidae contains all the genera in Brauer and von Bergenstamm’s part i, which are referred by these authors to North America except several which are neither figured nor recognizably described, or else are insufficiently separated from the older genera. None of those in part ii are included, for the reason that not a single one of them is figured, and most of them are extremely difficult to recognize, even with that patient study and ample mate- rial commended by Professor Williston. I EST CIE. {July 1893. do not believe that, in the unbiased entomo- logical mind, genera erected in such fashion can stand. As to the figures that are pub- lished, and those in part i only, they are with almost no exception heads alone, excel- lent certainly, but usually there is no clew in the text to the venation. I contend that no amount of patient study and ample material is going to solvesuch problems saz¢sfactorily. I do not accept Professor Williston’s proposi- tion that ‘‘figures are usually more valuable in this family than extended descriptions.” The best of figures are always more or less misleading, and cannot be unflinchingly relied upon. Full and complete descrip- tions, conscientiously made, are of more value than any number of figures, since they contain information in such a form that it cannot be perverted or misinterpreted, either in the process of publication or afterwards. As to ‘‘multiplication of genera,” this is the chief fault of the authors upheld, their next fault being the insufficient characterization of those multiplied. It is with the greatest reluctance that I have again referred to the work of these authors, in this particular. I do not ‘‘sweepingly condemn” this work. I have great faith in the validity of most of the characters employed by them, though I would not attach the same importance to all. Their figures are unexcelled if equalled, so faras they go. Their descriptions, not their system, are splendid, so far as they go! C. H. Tyler Townsend. Mar. 12, 1893: ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES.—A notable con- tribution to insect embryology by W. M. Wheeler appears in the last number of the Journal of morphology. The original por- tions of it relate chiefly to Orthoptera and indeed to Locustidae, but the author has in- vestigated many other types including in all some thirty species. Sixty-one figures on the plates represent Xiphidium, Stagmomantis and Gryllus. Seventeen figures in the text . are mostly diagrammatié. July 1893.] Brunner von Wattenwyl has improved the opportunity offered by the study of the large series of Orthoptera collected by Fea in Bur- mah, to attempt a general revision of the system of Orthoptera by the introduction of tables for the determination of allthe known genera (occasionally groups of genera) in the order, excepting only such as have been recently so treated elsewhere, when due reference is made. It will be found exceed- ingly useful for systematists, for no such general work has appeared since the time of Burmeister and Serville. number of new genera are thus introduced, and among them not a few of North American forms based sometimes on des- cribed, occasionally on undescribed species. The addition of at least a brief diagnosis of such species would have been acceptable. The work forms the first part of v. 33 of the Annali del museo civico di Genova. L. Bruner prints a list of Nebraska Orthoptera reaching the astonishing number of 268 distinct kinds, a testimony to the activity and zeal of the author as well as to the extreme fruitfulness of his field. Brief notes of habitat and abundance accompany each entry (Publ. Nebr. acad. sc., 3). C. H. Tyler Townsend has left his posi- tion as entomologist in the experiment station at Las Cruces, New Mexico, to accept the curatorship of the museum in the Insti- tute of Jamaica at Kingston, W. I., formerly occupied by Mr. Theodore D. A. Cockerell, who, curiously enough, moves to Las Cruces to take Mr. Townsend’s place. The Brussels Museum has begun the pub- lication of a general catalogue of Hemiptera by Lethierry and Severin on the plan of Gemminger and Harold’s catalogue of Coleoptera. The first volume embracing the Pentatomidae is promised at an early day. The whole work will probably occupy nine volumes and require five or six years for its publication. Its price will be about one cent a page. : Two new books on butterflies, by S. H. Scudder, have just been published by Henry A considerable PS? CHE. 493 Holt & Co., of New York. One is a guide to our common butterflies and describes eighty-four species including (with only half a dozen exceptions) the caterpillar and chrysalis as well as the butterfly of each, besides tables to determine them in every stage. Brief biographies of each species are given and at the beginning there is a general introduction to the study of butterflies. The other is a very full account of the life of a butterfly for general readers, our milk-weed butterfly being the central figure. The Western university of Pennsylvania has just conferred the degree of Dees: on Frederick Moore and of Ph. D. on A. G. Butler, both of London, in recognition of their work in entomology. The West African moths figured in this number illustrate Dr, W. J. Holland’s article. They are as follows: Plate 17. Big t Ilema gonophora; 2. I. albibasalis, 9 ; 3. Te miserata; 4. I. circumdata; 5. I. albicosta; 6. I. flava; 7. I. albospargata; 8. I. apicata; g- I. diluta; ro. I. brunneicosta; 11. I. pallida; 12. I. fusca; 13. Argila affinis; 14. Nioda nigristriata; 15. Argila basalis, WIk., 2 ; 16. Nioda agrotoides; 17. N. erubescens; 18. Somera chloauchena; 19. S. chloana; 20: >. desmotis;, 21. (S; chloromorpha; 22. S. chloéropis; 23. Desmeocraera hinnula; 24. Somera _bitioides; 2b Olene costiplaga; 26. Olene hyloica; 27. Notohyba viridis ; 28. N. atrata; 29. Somera infima, g; 30. S. infima, 2; 31. S. falsa; 32. Turnaca grisea; 33. gen. (?) sp. (?), Plate 18. Fig. 1. Dasychira apateloides; 2. D. nubifera; 3. Notohyba nubifuga; 4. N. Notopriota ocellifera; 6. Notohyba__ proletaria; 7. Thamnocera albilinea; 8. Hypotrabala castanea; 9. Metanastria porphyria; 10. M. spargata; 11. Stibolepis subiridescens; 12. Lebedodes cossula; 13. Dasychira variegata; 14. D. albosignata; 15. Oecura crucifera; 16. Cyrtogone lichenodes; 17. Estigena Afri- cana; 18. Orgyopsis tenuis; 19. Terphothrix lanaria; 20. Aroa omissa. No. 14, p. 476, should read S. chloéropis. delicata; 5. 494 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. 10 March, 1893.— The 177th meeting was held at 156 Brattle St. Mr. S. Henshaw was chosen chairman and Mr. H. G. Dyar secre- tary. Mr. S. H. Scudder directed attention to a passage in his Butterflies of the Eastern United States, where he had questioned whether Tropaeolum was one of the food plants of Pieris rapae, as he thought there might be a confusion from the fact that the caterpillar fed upon the genus Nasturtium which was the common name of Tropaeolum; but ke PSIG, [July 1893. read a letter from Mx, Hob. Pletcher sof England who assured him that he had found the eggs and caterpillars on two species of Tropaeolum, one of the Geraniaceae. Mr. Scudder also exhibited specimens of Schistocerca literosaWalk., from the Galapagos Islands and showed the difter- ences between the races inhabiting distinct islands. In some further remarks upon the orthoptera of the Galapagos, he said that the paucity of species and their character in no way supported Baur’s notion that these islands formed part of a sunken continent, but decidedly indicated a recent accidental fauna. numerous three GUST PUBLEDSHET: Scudder’s Brief Guide to the Com- moner Butterflies. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER, author of ‘‘But- terflies oe ine Eastern United States and Canada,” xi + 206 pp. 12mo. $1.25 An foe for the young student, to the names and something of the relationship and lives of our commoner butterflies. The author has selected for treatment the butter- flies, less than one hundred in number, which would be almost surely met with by an in- dustrious collector in a course of a year’s or two year’s work in our Northern States east of the Great Plains, and in Canada. While all the apparatus necessary to identify these butterflies, in their earlier as well as perfect stage, is supplied, it is far from the author’s purpose to treat them as if they wereso many mere postage-stamps to be classified and ar- ranged in a cabinet. He has accordingly added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life. A short introduction to the study of butterflies in general is prefixed to the work, and is followed by a brief account of the principal literature of the subject. Scudder’s The Life of a Butterfly. A Chapter in Natural History for the General Reader. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER. $1.00. In this book the author has tried to present in untechnical language the story of the life of one of our most conspicuous American butterflies. At the same time, by introduc- ing into the account of its anatomy, devel- opment, distribution, enemies, and seasonal changes some comparisons with the more or less dissimilar structure and life of other but- terflies, and particularly of our native forms, he has endeavored to give, in some fashion and in brief space, a general account of the lives of the whole tribe. By using a single butterfly as a special text, one may discourse at pleasure of many; and in the limited field which our native butterflies cover, this meth- od has a certain advantage from its simplicity and directness. HENRY HOLT &. CO: Publishers, NEW YORK. 186 pp. 16mo. A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. La y (EE C4 JOINTED — ' A wiome NET MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR EXNTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send an List, Folding Nets, Locality and foY CHE. PA Io mmNAT OF. ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol. 6. No. 208. AvuGusT, 1893. CONTENTS: THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INsEects.—III.— W. M. Wheeler. 497 NOTES ON GLUPHISIA AND OTHER NOTODONTIDAE.—A. S. Packard. : : : 499 A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF A SPECIES OF THE LINTNERI GROUP OF GLUPHISIA. —H. G. Dyar. : : : : . : - : : : : . . 503 A COCK’S-COMB GALL ON RHUS MICROPHYLLA.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. . ; : 504 TARDY WING-EXPANSION IN CALLOSAMIA.—Caroline G. Soule. . : : : 505 ENTOMOLOGICAL Notes (Insect parasitism; stridulation in ants; West Virginia Scolytidae; reissue of Hiibner’s exotic butterflies). : ; : : é : 505 PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CAMBRIDGE, Mass., U.S. A. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, 20c. [Entered as second class mail matter. } 496 PSYCHE. [August 1893 - Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. JES Subscriptions not discontinued are considered renewed, JE Beginning with Fanuary, 1891, the rate of subscription is as follows: — Yearly subscription, one copy, postpaid, $2.00 Yearly subscription, clubs of three, postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol, 6 (1891-1893), postpaid, 5.00 Subscription to Vol. 6, clubs of 3, postpaid, 13.00 The index will only be sent to subscribers to the whole volume. Twenty-five extra copies, without change of form,to the author of any leading article, z/ o7- dered at the time of sending copy, Pree Author’s extras over twenty-five in number, under above mentioned conditions, each, ; 2c. Separates, with changes of form —actual cost of such changes in addition to above rates. J Scientific publications desired ta exchange. Remittances, communications, exchanges, books, and pamphiets should be addressed to EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. ADVERTISING RATES, ETC. TERMS CASH —STRICTLY IN ADVANCE. Je Only thoroughly respectable advertisements will be allowed in PSYCHE. The editors reserve he right to reject advertisements. Subscribers to PSYCHE can advertise insects or exchange or desired for study, ot for cash, free at the discretion of the editors. Regular style of advertisements plain, at the follow- ing rates : — Outside Inside Page. Pages. Per line, first insertion, é $0.10 $0.08 Eighth page, first insertion, . : 75 60 Quarter “ a te 1.25 1.00 Half = z < 2125 595 One Ss be G 4.00 3.50 Each subsequent insertion one-half the above rates. Address EDITORS OF PSYCHE, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Subscriptions also received in Europe by R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Caristrasse 11, Berlin, N. W. CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB. The regular meetings of the Club are now held at 7-45 P.M. on the second Friday of each montb, at No. 156 Brattle St. Entomologists temporarily ir Boston or Cambridge or passing through either city on that day are invited to be present. A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais ores pus. Boston, 1880, 16p.,2plates. . 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ihe North American Noctuidae. Part I. es tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen,1890._ . 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Penpoloey of New England. Boston, 1858s 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. io 1876 (cont taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge, 1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names propgsed for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. c Scudder, S. H. The mines not ef ane tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1833. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of I.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische pee Japre 42-46. Stettin, 1881-1885. 5.00 Was: Eatomelosics! Goumission Bulletins, INOSi 5, 257451556577, 9 5 > . 1.00 “gman Report, Washington, 1885 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. FINE EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. In great variety. list on application. Sample box of 18 Indian and African butterflies, post free, $1.50. DR. REID, JUN., Renone, near Sunderland, England. PSY CELE. ; THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INSECTS.— III. BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER, PH.D., CHICAGO, ILL. OrTHOPTERA. It is in this order that we first meet with facts having a decided bearing on the question under consideration. I have no data on the embryology of the Phasmidae and Man- tidae.* The other families may be taken up in order. BLATTIDAE. Inthe embryo Phyllo- dromia germanica I find four Malpig- hian vessels which arise as discrete outgrowths of the hind-gut in the manner so often described for other insects. Somewhat later two more vessels are added. The adult Phyllo- dromia and Per¢planeta ortentalis have 60-70 vessels according to Schindler and Miall and Denny.{ Hence a great increase in the number of tubules must take place during larval life. That this is the case was shown by Schindler,$ who found only 16-18 vessels in a larval Periplaneta not quite 10 mm. long, and only eight vessels in larva measuring 4-5 mm. Notwithstanding this increase in the number of vessels, the number * Leon Dufour. Recherches sur les Orthoptéres etc., p- 358, claims the number of Malpighian vessels in the adult Mantis to be ‘‘une centaine environ.”’ Welee. p.1607.- ¢ The structure and life-history of the cockroach (Peri- planeta orientalis) London, 1886, p. 128. §1. c. p. 607. (6) persists throughout life, since, as Miall and Denny* have shown, the vessels of the adult are grouped in six clusters at the anterior end of the strik- ingly hexagonal rectum. LocustipaE. In the embryo X7phz- dium ensiferum four Malpighian vessels arise as in Blattids; to these a third pair is soon added. In the adult, of which I examined four specimens, the vessels are inserted in six clearly defined clusters, each containing about 7 or 8*tubules. Hence there can be no doubt that in this form also the number of vessels increases during larval life. «This increase is probably effected by a budding out of new vessels from the proctodaeal wall at the bases of the em- bryonic vessels. A large adult Orchel- imum which I examined showed the same arrangement of Malpighian ves- sels as Xiphidium. Other writers have observed the clus- tered arrangement of the excretory tubulesjin the Locustidae but they fail to find six clusters. According to Leon Dufourt the 10-12 vessels of Ephip- pigera open into the gut on five sepa- *]. c. 123. 7 1. 1c. p= 350: 498 rate knob-like projections. According to Schindler,* Locusta virtdissima has more than roo vessels; ‘‘sie miinden zwar bei L. vir¢déss¢ma einzeln in den anfangstheil des diinndarms ein, haben sich aber dabei—entsprechend dem fami- liencharakter—deutlich in 4 oder 5 ziem- lich umschriebene biischel gruppiert.” Schindlert also studied Decticus verru- ‘‘Die absonderung dieser organe in einzelne (vier) biischel ist bei Decticus weniger auffallend, als bei Locusta.”’ I venture to conclude either that Dufour and Schindler have over- looked one or two of the clusters of vessels or, what is more probable, that the forms which they studied presented a fusion of two or more of the primitive clusters. ; GrRYLLIDAE. The Malpighian vessels of this group present a very aberrant character; most, if not all, the forms having in their adult condition a great number of tubules opening into the rectum by means of a single long duct. Schindler{ estimates the number of vessels in Acheta campestris at about TOO. Clvordus. Rathke§ studied the embryonic con- ditions in Gryllotalpa and found that the embryo leaves the egg with only four vessels, which, even at this time, are connected with the proctodaeum by means of a single duct. Soon another pair of vessels is added, so that we really have a stage with six vessels, albeit cL CHOIG. { l. c. p. 621. tl.c. p. 616. §Zur entwicklungsgeschichte d. maulwurfsgrille. Miiller’s archiv. 1844, p. 27, taf. ii, fig. 435. Iagew MOVs IH [August 1893. More vessels are acquired from time to time during larval life, till the imaginal number is completed. Oecanthus nitveus apparently pre- sents more primitive conditions. Ayers,* who studied the embryology of this insect, makes the following statement. ‘‘When the tube (proctodaeum) has elongated so that its enlarged end lies within the fourth or fifth segment of the abdomen (counting from behind forwards) there arises near the free end in the dorsal line a_ small trilobed, hollow bud of the ectodermic layer, opening into the lumen of the tube. united in a single cluster. median Each lobe grows rapidly into a small tubular organ, the primitive Mal- pighian vessel. Each of these bifurcates at some distance from the proctodaeum, so that there are ultimately six of the tubes.”’ This account certainly tends to show that in some Gryllids 3 and 2 are combined in the primitive number. The common duct seen in Gryllotalpa and Acheta and indicated in the em- bryo Oecanthus may, I believe, be safely regarded as a secondary develop- ment, since it occurs in no other group of Orthoptera and but appears in other orders. AcripIUDAE. The numerous Mal- pighian vessels in this family resemble those of the Locustidae but are not ar- ranged in clusters. In the embryo Melanoplus femur-rubrum I find only six vessels, originating simultaneously in three pairs. very rarely *On the Development of Oecanthus niveus and its parasite Teleas. Mem. Bost. soc. nat. hist. vol. ili, 1884, p. 246. August 1893. ] TEAS MEI g Wii 499 NOTES ON GLUPHISIA AND OTHER NOTODONTIDAE.—I. BY A. S. PACKARD, PROVIDENCE, R. I. This paper is mainly based on exam- inations of the types of the late Henry Edwards, now preserved in the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History; and for facilities and courtesies I am in- debted to the curator of entomology, Mr. W. Beutenmiiller. I regard Gluphisia as the simplest and most primitive genus of the group; its larva being noctuiform and without any projections. The larvae are often, perhaps usually, even, without any red spots. G. trzlzmeata Pack. is the typi- cal species. G. RIDENDA Edw. is very closely allied, representing G. ¢rz/zmeata in Col- orado. The Edwards’ collection con- tains three @. I havea 9? from Col- orado which I compared with Mr. Edwards’s type specimen before his death. Its venation is the same as in G. trilineata; its body and wings are paler gray, the broad median band on the fore wings is clearer, and pale tawny yellowish. It is not improbable that C. ridenda will ultimately prove to be merely a climatic variety of the eastern ¢rzl¢neata. G. rapTA Edw. 1 92, Colorado, I re- gard as a variety which should be united with G. r¢denda. ‘The single (type) specimen is a Q, without antennae or abdomen. It is of the same size and with the same shape of wings as in G. r¢denda. Head and prothorax paler than in G. ridenda. Fore wings pale gray, as pale as in rzdenda and whiter than in ¢rlzneata; base of wings pale, with a black longitudinal streak, a little oblique on the costa, and behind is a diffuse black irregular band; the inner line is black, and as in ridenda. The inner black line forming the inner border of the luteous or tawny yellowish median band is very dis- tinct, oblique, not bent outward as in ridenda. The band is much narrower than in rzdenda, the outer and inner black lines nearly meeting on the inner edge of the wing. The outer line is not so much bent on the costa. No middle line present. The space beyond the narrow pale line just beyond the outer line ts dusky, much as in ¢relineata, where it is pale in rzdenda. Submarginal scalloped line not so near the edge of the wing asin ridenda. Fringe checkered as in videnda and ¢trilineata. ‘The hind wings are as in r¢denda, with no transverse line. Be- neath as in G. r¢denda, but with a broad dusky cloud on the outer fourth of the fore wings, not reaching the edge. G. ALBOFASCIA Edwards.—The 2 ¢ type specimens are from Utah, and seem to be only a pale form of G. ridenda, probably due to its living in a drier, less rainy, more sunny region. It is to be noted that the western varie- ties named have no longer fore wings than in the eastern ¢rzlimeata. It seems to be identical with G. formosa, but scarcely separable from G. rzdenda, being, with little doubt, a climatic vari- ety of the latter species. The two 4 marked albofascta resemble G. for- 500 mosa, only the nearly clear spaces of the latter in a@lbofascta form dark, broad, very distinct bands. There are two dark dusky patches on the hind wings. The examples of G. albofascta are more typical of the species (if it be regarded as distinct from r¢dexda) than those placed under G. formosa. The fore wings somewhat luteous-gray at base; on the inner third is a broad black band widening on the costa, and still wider on the internal edge, where it reaches a little beyond the middle of the wing. A clear luteous gray median space, beyond which on the outer third of the wing is a broad black band, between which and the submarginal scalloped line is a gray band. Hind wings with a diffuse broad band on the outer fourth, forming a dark patch on the internal angle, and another in the independent inter- space. On the under side of the wings the dark bands show through, as do the two dusky spots on the hind wings. G. FoRMOSA Edwards.—4 2, all from Utah. As already stated I regard this as a synonym of G. albofascta, both species being with little doubt climatic varieties of G. ridenda. The antennae are well pectinated, rather more so than in G. rzdenda. The wings are much paler gray than in r¢édenda, the hind wings being almost white, but the thorax and abdomen are as in rzdenda. Fore wings with black scales at the base, but with no definite lines such as are to be seen in ¢rdZc- neata and rzdenda, but just beyond the base the wing is more or less luteous, as in ridenda. Middle of the wing with a broad pale flesh-colored or luteous band, bordered on the inside by a very distinct black line like that of r¢denda, becoming wider on the costa. In the middle of the band is a dark jine nearly parallel with the inner one, dilat- PSVCHE. [August 1893. ing on the veins and all the lines forming distinct dark costal spots. The outer third of the wing gray, with dark scales and with an irregular blackish wavy line, much as in ridenda and rupta. Hind wings whitish, with no lines, and with three dark dots on the fringe of the internal angle. The outer third of the wing faintly dusted more or less with fine dark scales. Wings pale whitish beneath; two blackish costal spots beyond the middle, and costa of both wings speckled with dark scales. A faint diffuse band passes across the hind wings just beyond the middle; and the margin of both wings is speckled with dark scales. Body beneath pale, and the legs (tarsi) ringed with dark scales. After preparing the preceding de- scriptions I find that Mr. Edwards adds to his description of G. formosa the following remark: ‘‘It is possible that G. ridenda and G. rupta are forms of one species, and that G. albofascza and G. formosa are forms of another, but I prefer to consider them as distinct until future investigation shall their true position.” G. LINTNERI (Grote). Originally de- scribed as a Dasychira; this is a true Gluphisia, but, with G. severa and ave- macula, belonging to a distinct section of the genus. The ¢ antennae are pro- vided with long close pectinations; the body is stout and hairy; the costa of the fore wings is much more convex than in G. ¢rdlineata, and the apex somewhat produced as in G. severa. G. wRricHTu H. Edwards, Ent. amer. i, I. April, 1636," Uhis species in- habits San Bernardino, Cal. It is very near G. severa Edwards (Ent. amer. ii, 167. Wee. TS6p)): determine August 1893.] Of the two female specimens placed under G. severa in the Edwards col- lection, one (not the type, which isa @ from Soda Springs, Cal., April 15, with eggs), probably added after his descrip- tion was published, I regard as a speci- men of G. wrzghtzz. Its locality is Sierra Nevada, Cal. (and Mr. Beuten- miiller suggests that it may have been taken at Mt. Shasta). The specimen is perfectly preserved, and in its struc- tural character is closely allied to G. severa. The thorax has a median tuft asineG. severa. From the type of wrighti it differs in the more distinct and darker markings, being less rubbed. A decidedly luteous subtriangular spot ex- tends from the base of the wing to the inner distinct line crossing the wing, which line is situated half way between the base of the wing and the inner side of the median band, this line having been rubbed off in the type of wrightiz. The space between this line and the median band is whitish gray. The broad blackish median band encloses a sinu- ous linear luteous discal spot, and there is a luteous patch near the internal edge of the wing. The inner edge of the median band is less distinctly sinuous than in the type of wrightiz, and so is the white outer bordering line, which, however, is more zigzag. The edge of the wing is stone-gray,as in the type of wrigh?iz, and encloses the usual scalloped dark line, as in the type of wr¢ghtzt. Hind wings as in the type; a diffuse dark band crosses the wing beyond the middle, and a second outer one is parallel to it, but does not reach the middle, and the two bands en- close a white linear spot, as in the type. As the species occurs in northern as well as southern California, and is quite PSYCHE. 501 variable, severa may have to be united with it. ; G. sEvERA Edwards. The single type is a 2 from Soda Springs, Cal. The type is much larger than the Sierra Nevada specimen, and well preserved. An- tennae with short pectinations. Body and head dark gray. Wings unusually dark; fore wings dark gray on the basal third, with a very small luteous spot on the median and submedian veins. Median band broad and dark, almost black, and not bordered by the narrow scalloped outer line, the wing being suffused with black to the outer edge. A narrow faint luteous linear discal spot. Half way between the scalloped pale gray line and the outer edge of the wing is a submarginal series of tawny or luteous patches. Hind wings just as in the Sierra Nevada example, and venation as in wrighti?. Wings under- neath dark and much diffused, the line on the fore wing less than in the wrightit type. Hind wings with two paral- lel broad dark bands, just as in the Sierra Nevada specimen of G. wrightiz. The shape of the head and the wings is the same in the Californian severa and the eastern form. In both forms the hind wings are nearly the same. sinuous I am indebted to Mrs. Annie Trum- bull Slosson for the privilege of examin- ing and describing a single remarkable specimen in a perfect state of preserva- tion taken at Franconia, N. H. Mrs. Slosson, unlike many entomologists, has kindly allowed me to partially denude the under side of the wings of her unique specimen, so that the venation could be carefully drawn with the aid of the camera. She has determined the species to be new. The species was not to be found in the collections of Mr. Graef, Mr. Neumogen, and Mr. Beuten- 502 miiller had not seen it in the Henry Edwards collections, now fortunately in the possession of the American Museum of Natural History at Central Park, New York. I had described the form as Ceruridia slossontae, regarding it as the type of a new genus, allied to but distinct from Gluphisia, owing to the notable differences in the venation, as well as the presence of a dorsal tuft, and other characters given below. After sending my description for publication Mr. Dyar wrote me that he had seen the specimen with my name on it in Mrs. Slosson’s collection, and that it seemed to him tobe a dark 2 of Gluphista avt- macula Hudson, adding that Mr. Neu- mogen’s ‘Melia danbyz” is referable to the same genus, but his name ‘‘Melia” is preoccupied. Mr. Dyar then rather hastily and with over zeal published my name. Since then I have re-examined Edward’s type of G. sev- era, and have received from Mr. Dyar a specimen of G. dintneri. Mr. Dyar also wrote me as his opinion that the species of Ceruridia or Melia (Eumelia) are not generically different from Glu- phisia, as he has collected G. severa in the Yosemite Valley, Cal. As the result of my studies, es- pecially of the venation, I am inclined to divide the genus Gluphisia into two sections and to believe that in the forms mentioned below we have a number of climatic or temperature varieties of a species allied to G. déntnerd¢ (origi- nally referred to Dasychira by Grote), and which is common to both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The syn- PSASGHE. [August 1893. nonomy may then eventually prove to be somewhat as follows :— GLUPHISIA WRIGHTII H. Edwards, Ent. Amer. ii, 11. April, 1886. Gluphisia severa H. Edwards, Ent. Amer. ii, 167.) Dec. 1886. Melia danbyt Neum. Can. Ent. xxiv, 225, 1892. Eumelia danbyt Neum. Can. Ent. xxv, 25, 1892. Gluphista avimacula Hudson, Ent. News. ii, No.8,,155.. (Oct. 1801. Of all these forms the variety s/os- sontae is the most remarkable, from its very dark markings, and deserves to receive a distinct name. That these forms may be the result of climatic causes, acting on the insect in its pupal state, seems pretty well established from the remarkable results obtained not only by Weismann and W. H. Edwards, but also the more detailed experiments made by Mr. F. Merrifield and pub- lished with elaborate plates in the Transactions of the entomological soci- ety of London for 1891 (p. 155) and 1892, 33, (Xxxvi). In comparing G. slossoniae with Hudson’s description of avzmacula, it seems most probable that it is a melan- otic form, due to the colder and damper situation of Franconia, N. H., which is about 1400 feet above the sea. In slossoniae the thorax is lighter, the pale ochreous basal and discal spots of avz- macula are whitish gray in slossoniae, and the basal and middle lines of the median band are swamped by the broad black-brown band of slossonéae ; the hind wings of slossonzae agree with Hudson’s description of avzmacula. August 1893.] PSL CHE. 503 POE SeRIPiION OF THE LARVA ‘OF A SPECIES OF THE LINTNERI GROUP OF GLUPHISIA. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. GLUPHISIA SEVERA Hy. Edw. 1886—H. Edwards, Ent. amer., ii, 167. £gg(?). Hemispherical, the base flat; smooth, slightly shiny whitish green, the micropyle round, small, black. Under a half inch objective it is seen to be covered with irregular flattened reticulations, not raised above the surface of the egg, much as in Cerura, but more irregular, ranging in shape from quadrilateral to hexagonal. Diameter 1.1mm. Found on a poplar leaf, deposited singly. I am not sure that this egg belongs to this species, as it failed to hatch, but it was found with the larvae and probably belongs here. First larval stage. Not observed. Second stage. Head slightly bilobed, not shiny, pale green; mouth whitish; ocelli black; width og mm, Body smooth, slender, without humps or tubercles, uniform pale green, not shiny, with a faint yellow subdorsal line. No other markings. Third stage. Only the cast head case was observed, the width of which was 1.45 mm. Fourth stage. Width of head, 2.3 mm. Much as inthe first part of the last stage. There is a moderately distinct, pale yellow, subdorsal line without other markings, or else traces of lateral and stigmatal yellowish lines, the former broken, the latter continu- ous, but faint. Spiracles small, faintly ocherous. As the stage advances the stig- matal line becomes the most distinct, the others becoming faint. Fifth stage. Head very slightly bilobed, somewhat flattened in front, uniform pale, sublustrous green, mouth parts paler, jaws black; width 3.5 mm. Feet normal, all used in walking, concolorous with the body,. the claspers whitish. Body long and slender, noctuiform in appearance, without humps or tubercles; piliferous dots absent, the hairs being reduced to mere rudiments. Color uniformly non-lustrous pale green, semi- transparent, showing plainly the pulsations of the dorsal vessels. An obscure, pale yellow, stigmatal line. Spiracles dull ocher. The larva rests ona slight web on the back of the leaf, the head held out flat. As the stage advances the markings become much more pronounced. The head is mottled with white, especially on each side of the clypeus; clypeus white centrally ; a yellow line appears on the side of the head from the base of the antennae behind the ocelli, in line with the stigmatal band when the insect is in its normal position of rest. Stigmatal line distinct, pale yellow, bordered above, very narrowly, with crim- son on the thoracic segments, and reaching nearly to the end of the anal plate. Dorsal region whitish green, becoming almost white; subventral region clear green, with yellow dots; spiracles orange, feet faintly tipped with vinous. There are faint traces of a yellowish subdorsal line, and one on each side of the dorsal vessel, but they become white and are seen as somewhat more distinct parts of the general whitish dorsal shading. Still latter, the rudiment- ary piliferous dots become surrounded with yellow. There are seven on each side above the stigmatal line, seven in the sub- ventral space (where they appear more distinctly on account of the absence of white shading) and others on the venter of the legless segments. Length of larva, 41 mm. at maturity. Cocoon. Spun among leaves. It is com- posed of gummy silk, slight, but tough. Pupa. Nearly cylindrical, rounded, no 504 cremaster ; abdomen punctured, cases coarsely creased: color uniform dark brown, nearly black. Length 17 mm.; width 6 mm. Food-plants. Poplar (Populus tremulotdes and P. balsamifera). Larvae from Yosemite, Cal. & moth. Allied to Gluphisia lintneri Groteand G. avimacula Hudson. Antennae lengthily bi-pectinated, the pectinations black, with dense, pale ciliae; shaft with whitish hairs, Thorax andabdomen densely clothed with dark gray hairs, black and white mixed, much darkest on thorax, the posterior edge of the collar defined bya paler line. Wings dark gray, nearly white scales intermixed with black scales and hairs, the white predominating in the median space. At the base of fore wings, on median vein, is a small ocherous dot, contiguous to, and forming part of a basal ocherous shading, enclosed in the space between median and internal veins, and bordered outwardly by an obscure, brownish-black, transverse line. Sub-basal space gray, clothed with black and white scales becoming lighter just before the t.a. line. Transverse anterior line distinct, velvety black, outwardly produced on sub- costal, median and internal veins and in- wardly arcuate across the cell and submedian interspace, most strongly defined at the internal margin. Median space broad, pale gray, with a central blackish shade-line in which isan obscure ocherous crescent at end of cell. Space below median vein next to t.a. line also shaded with ocherous, extending to the t.p. line along internal margin. The veins are slightly lined with black. Trans- verse posterior line whitish, dentate, pre- ceded and followed by a black shade which is emphasized by the black markings on all the veins before the line, and fills in the sub- terminal space outside of it. Subterminal line outwardly arcuate to vein 4, thence again strongly arcuate to the interspace between veins 2 and 3 and thence straight to internal angle. It is shaded with ocherous yellow and bordered outwardly with dark brown; ES CTI. [August 1893. but is narrowly broken on each vein by the gray ground color. Terminal space even, dark gray; fringes spotted with white and blackish brown. Hind wings thinly scaled, dark gray, paler at base, with two transverse pale lines defined by black scales and, on the internal angle, by three distinct black spots, the lower one of which is onthe fringe. The Outer line is faint, but is tinged with ocher- ous at the anal angle. Fringe as on fore wings. Beneath, blackish gray; a common extra mesial pale band, bordered inwardly with black. Hind wings whitish centrally. Expanse of wings, 41 mm. Mr. Neumoegen has recently proposed the name Melia* (which, however, is preoccu- pied) for the linterni group of Gluphisia, describing as the type 1. daubyz. This is the form of Gluphista severa found in the Northwest, and I do not think it specifically distinct from that which occurs in the Sierra Nevada. I have taken it at Portland, Oregon, and have seen two examples in the collection of Mr. R. H. Stretch, presumably captured in Seattle, Wash. A COCKS-COMB GALL ON RHUS MICROPHYLLA. BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA. On June 16, 1892, I found a gall of very striking appearance, from its deep scarlet color, on Rhus microphylla, near Mud Spring, which is onthe road between Las Palomos and Cuchilla Negra, in Sierra county, N. Mex. The gall is of peculiar shape and resembles a cluster of many thickened leaflets massed together. At a casual glance, it might be mistaken for the fruit of the Aus, which is in clusters and orange-colored but very different in form. The same gall was found next day, June 17, in the upper portion of the small cafion known as the Cafiada Alamosa. * Can. ent. xxiv, 225. August 1893.] Gall.—Average diameter, 15 to 25 mm; length (on twig), about 20 to 30 mm. Galls luster-like, irregular in shape, sometimes, rounded, cocks-comb-like in appearance, springing from the small stems which shoot out laterally from the twig or branch, or terminal portion of latter. Consisting of irreglar massed clusters of many aborted, deformed, greatly thickened and fleshy leaflets springing from the side stems; surrounding the twig or branch but not attached thereto, dark scarlet-red in color on all surfaces ex- posed to the sun, the under side when not so exposed being annually greenish and always lighter than the upper or exposed portions. Inside portions green. External surface of the gall extremely irregular in outline, the fleshy leaflets arranged in irregular cocks- comb-like groups more or less pointed api- cally, the groups of leaflets longitudinally creased, appearing as though formed of many little columns setside by side and soldered together, much resembling groups of certain columnar crystals. Described from 3 or 4 galls. The fleshy groups of leaflets contain irregular cavities within them. These, when opened the fol- lowing spring, revealed only small pale brownish bodies attached to the walls inside. I am unable to suggest the order of insects to which the maker of this gall belongs. It may possibly be an acarid—perhaps a phy- toptid. TARDY WING-EXPANSION IN CALLOSAMIA.— A few days ago I found, in Kensington, N. H., a small wild-cherry tree hung with cocoons of Callosamia Promethea to the number of seventy-five at least. On some twigs six or seven hung close together, all unusually large and light-colored. I cut off over thirty of them, and on June 12th I opened them, finding all good but one, in which the pupa had failed to cast the larva- skin, and so had died. One cocoon con- tained a @ on the point of emerging, the pupa-skin being broken in several places. I took out the half-emerged moth, removed PSYCHE. 505 the ragged pupa-skin, and the moth crawled to the top of my cage, and hung there, un- developed, all day and all night. This morning, June 13th at nine o’clock, its wings were still undeveloped, and I supposed it had been stunted by the unusual mode of emer- gence. At ten o’clock, however, the wings had expanded to nearly full size, and in half an hour more the moth was a fine specimen, fully developed, and unusually large! I have never known the wings to expand so many hours after the moth had emerged. Caroline G. Soule. Brookline, Mass. ENTOMOLOGICAL Notes. — Insect parasi- tism is admirably and suggestively treated in Pres. Riley’s address to the Entomologi- cal society of Washington, just printed in its proceedings. It is worthy of the closest attention as a broad outline of the subject; by the introduction of fuller illustrative de- tails it could easily be expanded into a vol- ume and bea very welcome addition to our literature. In the last part of the transactions of the Entomological society of London, Dr. David Sharp shows that ants stridulate by means of fine transverse lines on the middle of the dorsum of the third abdominal segment where it is rubbed by the edge of the pre- ceding segment; these organs are usually present in the Ponerides and Myrmicides, but appear to be absent from the Campono- tides and Dolichoderides. A. D. Hopkins prints in Bull. 31 of the West Virginia experiment station an inter- esting Catalogue of West Virginia Scotyti- dae and their enemies. Wytsam of Bruxelles announces a new issue of Hiibner’s Sammlung exotischer schmetterlinge and Zutrige, 664 quarto plates in all, the plates copied by heliogravure and colored by hand; the original and the latest nomenclature will be added. It will appear in 60 equal parts and be sold for 500 francs, payable by parts. 506 LPS TOME. [August 1893. The Butterflies of the Eastern United States and Canada. With special reference to New England. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER. Illustrated with 96 plates of Butterflies, Caterpillars, Chrysalids, etc. (of which 41 are colored) which include about 2,000 Figures besides Maps and Portraits. Vol. 1. Introduction; Nymphalidae. Vol. 2. Remaining Families of Butterflies. Vol. 3. Appendix, Plates and Index. 1958 Pages of Text. he set, 3 vols., royal 8vo, half levant, $75.00 xe. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN «*CO: 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. ¥UST PUBLISHED. Scudder’s Brief Guide to the Com- moner Butterflies. By SAMUEL H. ScuppDeR, author of ‘‘But- terflies of the Eastern United States and Canada,” etc. xi + 206pp. 12mo. $1.25, An introduction, for the young student, to the names and something of the relationship and lives of our commoner butterflies. The author has selected for treatment the butter- flies, less than one hundred in number, which would be almost surely met with by an in- dustrious collector in a course of a year’s or two year’s work in our Northern States east of the Great Plains, and in Canada. While all the apparatus necessary to identify these butterflies, in their earlier as well as perfect stage, is supplied, it is far from the author’s purpose to treat them as if they wereso many mere postage-stamps to be classified and ar- ranged in a cabinet. He has accordingly added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life. A short introduction to the study of butterflies in general is prefixed to the work, and is followed by a brief account of the principal literature of the subject. Scudder’s The Life of a Butterfly. A Chapter in Natural History for the General Reader. By SAMUEL H. ScuDDER. $1.00. 186 pp. 16mo. In this book the author has tried to present in untechnical language the story of the life of one of our most conspicuous American butterflies. At the same time, by introduc- ing into the account of its anatomy, devel- opment, distribution, enemies, and seasonal changes some comparisons with the more or less dissimilar structure and life of other but- terflies, and particularly of our native forms, he has endeavored to give, in some fashion and in brief space, a general account of the lives of the whole tribe. By using a single butterfly as a special text, one may discourse at pleasure of many; and in the limited field which our native butterflies cover, this meth- od has a certain advantage from its simplicity and directness. HENRY HOLT & CoO., Publishers, NEW YORK. A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. A JOINTED FOLDING NET MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc. Other articles are being added, Send for List, / HE. ZZ DOUAINAL OF ENTOMOLOGY. [Established in 1874.] Vol. 6. No. 209. SEPTEMBER, 1893. CONTENTS: THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INSECTS.—IV.— W. M. Wheeler. ON VARIATION IN THE VENATION OF AN ARCTIAN WITH NOTES ON OTHER ALLIED GENERA (Plate 19).—Harritson G. Dyar. Loca Nores (Dr. Packard’s insect-types; Dr. J. W. Randall; the gypsy moth). DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND GENERA OF WEST AFRICAN LEPIDOPTERA.— VIII Clustrated).— W. F. Holland. NOTES ON GLUPHISIA AND OTHER NOTODONTIDAE.—II.—A. S. Packard. Own A FLESHY LEAF-GALL ON SCRUB-CAK.—C. H. Tyler Townsend. ARCTIA YARROWII IN CANADA.—Thomas E. Bean. ENTOMOLOGICAL NoTEs (The seventeen-year locust; the ‘‘genuine oestrid larva” of the box turtle; Mr. J. M. Aldrich; recent publications). PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLuB (Mycetophaetus a Penthe- tria; lepidopterous fauna of the Bahamas; stridulation of Lepidoptera; exhibi- tions; embryology of the sheep tick). PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB, CamBRIDGE, Mass., U.S.A YEARLY SUBSCRIPTIONS, $2. VOLUME, $5. MONTHLY NUMBERS, [Entered as second class mail matter. ] 20c. 508 PSC. [September 1893. Psyche, A Journal of Entomology. RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. 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A very few complete sets of the first five volume of PSYCHE remain to be sold for $25. SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. The following books and pamphlets are for sale by the CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB: Burgess, E. Contributions to the anat- omy of the milk-weed butterfly, Danais puts pus. Boston, 1880, 16 p., 2 plates. 1.00 Grote, A. R. Revised Check list of ire North American Noctuidae. Part I. Thya- tirinae-Noctuinae. Bremen, 1890. . : 50 Hitchcock, Edward. Ichnology of New England. Boston, 1858 1.50 Illinois. Trans. Dept. Agric. for 1876 (eone taining first report of Thomas, State Entomo- logist). Springfield, Ill., 1878 1.00 Scudder, S. H. The earliest winged in- sects of America. Cambridge,1885,8p.,1 plate .50 Scudder, S. H. Historical sketch of the generic names ad a for Butterflies. Sa- lem, 1875. : Scudder, S. H. The pine- ste of Neve tucket, Retinia frustrana. col. pl. Boston, 1883. .25 Scudder, S. H. The fossil butterflies of I.00 Florissant, Col., Washington, 1889 1.00 Stettiner entomologische Zeitung. alte 42-46. Stettin, 1831- -1885. 5.00 U.S. ie we Commission. Bufletins, Nos. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 : «1.00 —Fourth Bate Washington: 1385 2.00 SAMUEL HENSHAW, Treas., Cambridge, Mass. EXCHANGE. I wish to obtain any literature on insects, especial- ly Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such works in any language I offer good material from the west and the far north, most- ly Coleoptera. H. F. WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa. FINE EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA. In great variety. JList on application. Sample box of 18 Indian and African butterflies, post free, $1.50. DR. REID, JUN., Ryhope, near Sunderland, England. Plate 1g. Psyche, 1893, Vol. 6. PSY CELE. THE PRIMITIVE NUMBER OF MALPIGHIAN VESSELS IN INSECTS.—IV. BY WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER, PH.D., CHICAGO, ILL. EPHEMERIDEA. Schindler* estimates the number of Malpighian vessels of Ephemeridea vulgata at about4o. I have examined the nymphs of three species of Ephemeridea belonging to the genera Blasturus and Ecdyurus. In one the vessels open separately into the gut; while in the two others they are distinctly ramified. An _ older nymph of one of these species had about 12 primary trunks, whereas in two much younger specimens there were only 8. In all three species the vessels were coiled and much enlarged at their tips, so that the whole mass resembled a chevaux-de-frise. Schind- ler found similar conditions in Aphe- mera fiavipes. I believe thatthe eight primary trunks in the young Ephemerid represent in great part primitive ves- sels. The still younger larva or the embryo probably has only 4 or 6 simple diverticula of the hind-gut. OponaTta. Nothing is known con- cerning the embryonic Malpighian vessels inthisorder. Schindler + found ¥ 1. c. p. 623. f l..c. p. 626. 50-60 vessels in imagines of Zzbellula Jlaveola, L. depressa, Aeschna gran- dis, Calopteryx splendens and Agrion puella. It is more than probable that the larvae and embryos have a much smaller number. PLECOPTERA. Perla bicaudata ac- cording to Schindler * has 50-60 vessels. I have been unable to secure embryos of this interesting order. It is certain, however, that the larvae must hatch With very few vessels, since a 5 mm. black and yellow Perlid larva, not un- common under stones in rapid brooks near Worcester, Mass., had only 14 vessels. The nearly mature nymph of the same species (16 mm. long) had more than 50. CorRODENTIA. Lespesf found 8 Malpighian vessels in Zermes luctfu- gus. Fritz Miiller{ found 6 or 8 in Calotermes and ‘‘bei vielen arten von Termes und ebenso bei Eutermes und 0G. ‘py 6265. t Recherches sur l’organisation et les moeurs du Termite lucifuge. Ann. sci. natur. 4. sér. zool. v. 1856. + Beitrige zur kenntniss der Termiten. Jen. zeitschr- bd. ix, 1875. 510 Anoplotermes bleibt die zahl der harngefasse zeitlebens auf 4 _ be- schrankt.”’ According to Nitsch* Psocus has 4 urinary tubules and authors ascribe the same number to the Mal- lophaga, according to Schindler. f Thus, although the number 6 occurs among the Corrodentia, the number 4 appears to be the more typical. THYSANOPTERA. In his admirable anatomical monograph of this order, Jordan} ascertains the number of Malpighian vessels to be 4; 2 extend into the thorax, while the remaining pair lie coiled in the abdomen. Ruyncuota. In Aphides Malpig- hian vessels were not Schindler. § Nor do I find any men- tion of these organs in Will’s em- bryology of the viviparous forms. || Leydig§ found a pair of vessels in the Coccid Lecanzum peridum and Mark** demonstrated seen by single hes- * Uber die eingeweide der biicherlaus, etc. entomol. iv, 1821, p. 277. Mag. f. tl. c. p. 604. t¢ Anatomie und biologie der Physapoda. Zeitschr. f. wiss. zool. bd. 47. 1888, p. 576 and 578. § l. c. p. 639. || Entwicklungsgeschichte der viviparen Aphiden. Spengel’s Zool. jahrb. abth. f. anat. u. ontog. bd. iii, 1888. 7 Zur anatomie von Coccus hesperidum. Zeitschr. f. wiss. zool. bd. v. 1854, p. 3. ** Beitrage zur anatomie u. histologie der pflanzen- laus insb. der Cocciden. Inaug. dissert. 1876 p. 52 et seq. PS FCLHE. {September 1893. their occurrence in other species of the same group. All other Rhynchota have 2 pairs, which show some interesting varia- tions, tabulated by Schindler.* In most genera the vessels end blindly, but in others (Nepa, Velia, Gerris, Capsus, Cimex) the ends of the pairs are united in loops. In some genera (Psylla, Cicada, Nepa) the four vessels open separately into the intestine; in others (Pediculus, Cixius, Capsus, Pentatoma), either pair has but a single duct. Frequently the common ducts #e swollen into vesicles (Velia, Gerris, Lygaeus, Pentatoma, Cimex). The union of vessels both at their distal and proximal ends is undoubt- edly a secondary feature. In the em- bryos of Czcada_ septendectm and Zattha fluminea 1 fail to find any union; the vessels arise as four dis- crete diverticula. It is more than probable that 4 is the original number of Malpighian vessels in the Rhynchota. The Coccidae and Aphidae, the former with 2, the latter without vessels, have lost one or both pairs. That such is the case is shown by the Coccid Orthezia cataphracta,t which still retains 2 pairs. *l.c. p. 640. + Orthezia cataphracta, eine monographie. Zeitschr. f. wiss, zool. bd. 45, 1887. September 1893. ] PS HCHE. 511 ON VARIATION IN THE VENATION OF AN ARCTIAN WITH NOTES ON OTHER ALLIED GENERA. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS. In examining the venation of Pyr- rharctta tsabella, | found a consider- able range of variation. Seventeen specimens were examined and_ they varied in the following manner. In thirteen of them, vein to of primaries arose from the stalk which bears veins 7-9, at a variable distance from its Oneime(see pl. 19, fig. 3@ and y). This is to be considered the normal venation. In one specimen vein Io arose from the subcostal vein on the discal cell (fig. 3 7), and in two others it arose from a stalk with vein 11. In one of these latter, the stalk arose from the subcostal vein (fig. 3c) and in the other from the stalk which bears veins 7-9 (fig 34). The latter speci- men was further abnormal in lacking veiris 4 and 5 of the primary of one side. Another variation is shown in fig. 3 @ and 4, in which either veins 7 and 8 or 8 and g are on a common stalk, that is to say in one case vein 9 is given off before 7, and in the other, 7 before 9. -shaped band pointing out- wardly, defined. inwardly and outwardly by narrow silvery-white lines, having at its vertex and at the extremity of the lower limb near the inner margin dark circular spots margined with a narrow circular white line. The secondaries are pale whitish. Both wings on the under side are whitish with the middle area of the primaries clouded with gray. Expanse, 27 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The numbers which follow the names of species refer to the serial number in the text. PLATE I0. Fig. 1. Lomodonta erythrina, sp. nov. (75) 2. Heteronygmia stigmatica, sp. nov. (68) 3 ce argiloides, sp. nov. (71) 4 a clathrata, sp. nov. (69) Ss. ce arctioides, sp. nov. (72) 6. es basibrunnea, sp. nov. (70) 7. Laelia hypoleucis, sp. nov. (86) Som “= otellata; sp: nov. (go) g. Aroa nigripicta, sp. nov. (91) 10. Dasychira sublutescens, sp. nov. (95) Il. Ge ruptilinea, sp. nov. (96) 12. a congia, Druce, @. 13. Aroa lata, sp. nov. (92) 14. Heteronygmia hypoxantha, sp. nov. (74) 15. a rhodapicata, sp. nov. (73) 16. Artaxa nigra, sp. nov. (76) 17. Laelia lignicolor, sp. nov. (83) 18. Euproctis Reutlingeri, sp. nov. (67) 19. Euproctidion Gabunica, sp. nov. (66) oq" PSYCHE. 20. ~~ = mM | So) ww NH NN NH RH Me Oe oe oe nNAPwWN HOW ONT AN DW 26 OD BI ANAY b 567 Artaxa mesomelaena, sp. nov. (77) es parallela, sp. nov. (82) discipuncta, sp. nov. (83) palla, sp. nov. (79) ‘* melaleuca, sp. nov. (80) ‘* rotunda, sp. nov. (84) ‘* apicipuncta, sp. nov. (85) - Balacra rubricincta, sp. nov. (35) ‘* glagoessa, sp. nov. (34) ‘¢ damalis, sp. nov. (36) . Casphalia nigerrima, sp. nov. (38) . Anace monotica, sp. nov. (27) ‘¢ parachoria, sp. nov. (26) . Apisa cana, sp. nov. (25) - Alpenus multiscripta, sp. nov. (41) PLATE (17. . I. Ilema gonophora, sp. nov. (115) ‘« albibasalis, sp. nov. 2. (116) ‘¢ miserata, sp. nov. (119) ‘< _circumdata, sp. nov. (120) *¢ albicostata, sp. nov. (122) «¢ flava, sp. nov. (124) ‘* albospargata, sp. nov. (117) ‘¢ apicata, sp. nov. (118) ‘¢ diluta, sp. nov. (123) ‘* brunneicosta, sp. nov. (121) ‘¢ pallida, sp. nov. (125) . Zlema fusca, sp. nov. (126) . Argila affinis, sp. nov. (132) Nioda nigristriata, sp. nov.(130) Argila basalis, WIk., 2, (133) . Nioda agrotoides, sp. nov. (129) ‘¢ erubescens, sp. nov. 131) . Somera chloauchena, sp. nov. (136) ‘* chloana, sp. nov. (141) ‘* desmotis, sp. nov. (137) ‘¢ chloromorpha, sp. nov. (138) ** chloéropis, sp. nov. (146) . Desmeocraera hinnula, sp. nov- (186) Somera bitioides, sp. nov. (139) . Olene costiplaga, sp. nov. (127 ‘¢ hyloica, sp. nov. (128) . Notohyba viridis, sp. nov. (105) striata, sp. nov. (IOI) Somera infima, d, sp. nov. (142) 568 PSVCHE. 30. Somera infima, ?. are “¢ falsa, sp. nov. (144) 32. Turnaca grisea, sp. nov. (150) 33. Scrancia modesta, sp. nov. (187) PLATE 18. 2. gg » gO. 5 . 1. Dasychira apateloides, sp. nov. (98) ne nubitera,* sp. nov. Notohyba nubifuga, sp. nov. (99) oe delicata, sp. nov. (100) Oecura ocellifera, sp. nov. (107) Notohyba proletaria, sp. nov. (103) Thamnocera albilinea, sp, nov. (109) Hypotrabala castanea, sp. nov. (158) Metanastria porphyria, sp. nov. (159) Philothermat spargata, sp. nov. (160) Stibolepis subiridescens, sp. nov. (156) 12. Lebedodes cossula, sp. nov. (183) 13. Dasychira? variegata,} sp. nov., 9. 14. Dasychira’albosignata, sp. nov. (97) 15. Oecura crucifera, sp. nov. (106) 16. Cyrtogone lichenodes, sp. nov. (182) 17. Estigena Africana, sp. nov. (157) 18. Orgyopsis tenuis sp. nov. (135) HOO MI ANE YH * Dasychtra nubifera sp. nov. 92. Inits markings recalling Ercheia subsignata, Walker, anoctuid. The body is pale brown, darker on the thorax. The prim- aries are pale wood-brown, with a darker shade run- ning from the costa at the base diagonally to the middle of the inner margin, then sweeping upwardly in an irregular curve to the costa, which it reaches before the apex, the outer margin being broadly much paler than the rest of the wing. There are transverse basal, median, and limbal dark lines, and an irregular ocelli- form spotat the end of the cell. The secondaries are pale cinereous. On the under side, both wings are ashen and both have a conspicuous discal spot and some incomplete lines beyond it near the costa. Ex- panse, 47 mm. t Philotherma, Moeschler, Abhandl. Senck. nat. ges., bd. xv, p. 80. [ December 1893. 1g. Terphothrix lanaria, sp. nov. (134) 20. Aroa omissa, sp. nov. (185) PLATE 20. Fig. 1. Panglima gloriosa, Butl. 9. Jana marmorata, sp. nov. @. (165) Gastroplakaeis Greyi, 9. (171) te Greyi, @. ‘¢ ? forficulatus, Moeschl. 2 (170) . Jana nobilis, sp. nov. (164) LS) TON - PEATE 21. . 1. Methorasa cornu-copiae, sp. nov. (2)* “ complicata, sp. nov. (1)* Westermannia anchorita, sp. nov. (200) Plusia siculifera, sp. nov. (5)* Plusiotricha livida, sp. nov. (g)* Plusia Mapongua, sp. nov. (4)* Methorasa eximia, sp. nov. (3)* . Gigantoceras geometroptera, sp. n. (192) ss solstitialis, sp. nov. (191) 10. Plusia Ogovana, sp. nov. (6)* 11. Metaleptina nigribasis, sp. nov. (193) 12). ue albibasis, sp. nov. (194) ity ae obliterata, sp. nov. (195) ee bo og Noy Tony | Nun & WwW ¢ Dasychira (?) vartegata, sp.nov. g. Collar dark brown; upper side of thorax gray; abdomen fulvous with dorsal and lateral rows of black spots. The primaries are creamy marked with brown spots and lines. Ofthese the most conspicuous are a basal spot, a broad sub-basal brown band margined on both sides with paler, a large ovoid spot at the end of the cell, a tri- angular subapical spot of brown on the costa, a smaller brown spot near the outer angle, anda series of mar- ginal lunulate markings. The secondaries are white narrowly margined with pale brown, The marginal series of lunulate markings is continued from the prim- aries, and there isa subtriangular brown spot at the anal angle. On the under side both wings are paler and the markings are more obscure. Q. The female is like the male, but the spots are broader and more diffuse. Expanse ¢, 40 to 50mm.; 2555 mm. *The numbers under Plate 21 marked with an asterisk are the numbers given toa new series of descriptions to appear in the next volume beginning with the January issue of Psyche. ‘= December 1803 ] PSE CHE: 569 THE DOLICHOPODID GENUS LIANCALUS LOEW. BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. The genus Liancalus contained only one known North American species at the time of the publication of Loew’s monograph in 1864; subsequently Osten Sacken in his Western Diptera described another. The present paper describes two more. Ihave not seen either of the earlier species, but it happens that one of the following is a near relative of Loew’s, the other of Osten Sacken’s, species. Mik has separated a part of the European members of the genus to form the genus Alloeoneurus. None of the known American species are included in this new group. The females of the following species have few if any available separative characters, except the yellow knees in genualis. Table of species. 1. First joint of fore tarsi of male shortened. ip A Second joint of fore tarsi of male short- ened. a. 2. Last three joints of male fore tarsi of nearly equal length. stmilts, N. sp. Third joint as long as fourth and fifth querulus, O.S. genualis, Loew. hydrophilus, 0. sp. together. 3. Knees yellow, Knees not yellow. LIANCALUS HYDROPHILUS, ND. Sp. &. Front concave, green, somewhat over- laid with whitish dust, especially about the angles. Face rather wide, divided just below the middle by a transverse elevation, which forms two slight arches toward the antennae. Above this elevation the face is concave, shin- ing green; below it, flat and densely silvery- white pollinose. The flat palpi are silvery pollinose with a few black hairs. Antennae wholly black, short, the third joint with a blunt point. Cilia of the orbit black above, white below. Thorax with a single median row of acros- tichal bristles, smaller anteriorly; with two reddish-bronze longitudinal lines (enclosing a golden-green one), abbreviated behind; on each side of these median lines is an area of beautiful blue color; beyond this, near the border of the dorsum, another bronze line, wide, semi-interrupted at the suture, an attenuated portion reaching nearly to the scutellum. The latter with six bristles. Pleurae green, more or less overlaid with a white dust, the metallic color usually show- ing through but slightly. This covering of white dust extends over the dorsum, except upon the bronze portions. Cilia of tegulae, whitish; halteres yellow. Abdomen elongated, cylindrical, club- shaped at the apex, from which two long filaments project forward below, each bearing two lateral rows of upward-curving, long whitish hairs; these filaments almost reach the hind coxae. Sides of abdomen with sparse and delicate pile, longer on the anterior segments, forming a distinct pos- terior fringe on the first segment. General color of abdomen bluish-green, with white dust, except as follows: first segment with narrow brown posterior border; second and third segments witha narrow brownish-black border in front and a wide one behind, some- what coalescing dorsally in an indistinct line; distal half of the fourth segment and a rather wide dorsal stripe brownish-black; fifth seg- 5970 ment and the clubbed genitalia mostly black. Hair of abdomen yellowish-white, except upon the dark parts, where it is more brownish. Legs obscure metallic green, the tarsi black; fore coxae very long, cylindrical, with delicate white hairs and a subapical row of black bristles; second joint of fore tarsi one fourth as long as the third, wider than the others, on the under side with a pad of dense short hairs (tubercles?). Wings hyaline, a trace of gray across the middle portion, third longitudinal vein curved back to meet the margin behind the apex; beyond this point the margin is a little excised, and close against it lies an almost semi- circular, opaque spot, snow-white in certain lights; this spot is a little nearer the third than the fourth vein; it is enclosed on the proximal side by a distinct, narrow, curved brown spot, beginning behind in the corner of the second posterior cell and continuing around into the marginal, where it gradually fades away along the border ofthe wing. The fourth longitudinal vein curves strongly back- ward just before reaching the posterior cross- vein, where it makes an angle; there is another backward curve just at the end, in the brown spot. That section of the fifth longi- tudinal vein lying beyond the crossvein is about one sixth the length of the crossvein and almost obsolete. The border of the wing is excised deeply behind the termination of the fourth vein, and immediately behind this is produced into a point, minutely blackened at its apex and bearing a pencil of fine black hairs resembling a small bristle. At the end of the fourth vein is another of these pencils, much larger, and the two are convergent, projecting outward and downward. Length 8.5 tog mm.; of wing, 7.5 mm. Q. Eyes more widely separated; upper half of the face metallic blue, covered with fine corrugations diverging downward; lower half green, more whitish dusted. Palpilarge, longer than in the male, grayish-yellow dusted, with black hair. Abdomen of mod- PSECTHE- { December 1893. erate length, borders of the segments more shining green or bronze than black. No dis- tinct spots on the wing, but a very faint cloud at the apex and the same median cloud as in the male. Margin of wing regular in outline ; last section of fifth vein distinct, tarsi plain. Length 7 mm.; of wing, 7 mm. Black Hills, S. D.; elevation over 5000 feet. Numerous specimens of both sexes. Closely related to gexualis Loew, but readily separated by the yellow knees of the latter, and by the marked differences in the wings of the males. I believe this is the largest species of the family Dolichopodidae so far known ; certainly it is the largest North American species. The habits of this species deserve notice. Schiner says the genus is found in the moist places about waterfalls. I found hydrophilus in two places near Custer, S. D., last August. Following up a little rillin a meadow east of town, its origin is found in adeep, round pool, thirty feet across, at the head ofa small ravine. This pool is just at the foot of a ledge of rocks some fifteen feet high. From several seams in the rock there is a gentle flow of almost ice-cold water, which covers a considerable area of vertical rock ina thin sheet. Standing in this icy water were my flies! They would scarcely alight on the neighboring dry warm rock at all, but when disturbed merely moved to another part of the water. The second place was between Custer and Harvey Peak. Here a small stream flows through a narrow gap ina high palisade of rock. A dam twenty feet high in the gap creates a small artificial lake. Below the dam is an December 1893. ] area about thirty feet square that is shut in on three sides by masonry and solid rock, the open side being toward the north. In the coolest, darkest, dampest nook at the foot of the dam were a few more hydrophilus, not quite standing in the water, but on very moist rock. Nearly half of my specimens have become greasy since capture,—a very rare trouble among the species of this family. It suggests a modification of their tissues from the normal type of the family to adapt them to the low temper- ature under which they exist. LIANCALUS SIMILIS, n. sp. ¢. Differs from the foregoing as follows: thorax much duller in color; hypopygium destitute of filaments, with only minute TWO NEW ES PCH: o71 lamellae; fore metatarsus hardly one-fourth the length of the following joint, which is a little enlarged, with a slight fringe on the sides and a dense short brush below, the three following joints of equal length; wings on the apical two-fifths clouded with brown, the infuscated area rather indefinite in extent; margin of the wing not excised, third vein ending before the apex. Length, 6.1 mm.; of wing, 7 mm. 2. Differs from hydrophilus only in having the general color more pure green, without the extreme contrasts of blue and bronze; the wings of one specimen have more brown, which takes the form of three well defined spots, but this is evidently variable. One male, two females, Washington (state), University of Kansas collection. The principal differences between species and guwerudus are in the structure of the male fore tarsi. this FORMS OF DIASPINAE. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX. Aspidiotus uvae, Comstock var. coloratus, n. v. C1.) @. Scale about 14 mm. wide, broad oval, flat, dull pale orange-brown, exuviae con- colorous, thinly covered, first skin rather pale. Q. Broad pyriform, pale orange. Three pairs of lobes visible in immature specimens, but the middle pair only prominent. In the adult only two pairs of lobes are present, and of these the second pair might almost be described as rudimentary. The middle lobes are close together but not touching, promi- nent, squared, notched on each side. The plates and incisions are practically as in uvae, so also are the anal and genital orifices — though the former in Comstock’s figure (Rep. U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1880) appears to be too small. The terminal segments are striate after the manner of ostreaeformts, etc., which I find is also the case with uwvae. The grouped glands differ a little from uvae ; as the median group, represented in wvae by two orifices, is wanting in coloratus ; and the anterior and posterior lateral groups of coloratus run together, forming one long group of 11 to 15 orifices on each side —or may be separated by a short interval, in which case the cephalolateral group has about 8, and the caudolateral about g orifices. Eggs bright lemon yellow. & scale elongate oval, with the exuviae towards one end. Hab. Las Cruces, New Mexico, 3,800 ft. alt., on Chilopsis; scales crowded on the 572 under side of the leaves, producing a pustular appearance on the upper side. History. This scale was discovered by Hon. A. L. Christy in Las Cruces, and was examined by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, who gave a short account of it as Asfzdiotus n. sp.?in Bull. 7, N. Mex. Exper. Station (1892) p.11. Prof. Townsend sent it to Prof. Com- stock, who said it was unknown to him, and probably undescribed. On July 7, 1893, I found it in abundance close to the railway depot in Las Cruces, and after examining it, came to the conclusion that it was a new species. Although I had seen A. uvae in Jamaica, it did not occur to me that it could be that species, partly because Professor Comstock did not recognize it, and partly because the food-plant and habit were differ- ent. However, I sent some to Professor Riley, who remarked that the species came nearest to A. uvae; and that led me to com- pare it with specimens of wvae from Ithaca, N. Y., kindly sent by Mr. R. H.- Pettit. The result is that I cannot by any means distin- guish it as a species from wvae, and even as a variety it is not well marked, and would hardly be separated but for the difference of locality and food-plant. So far as observed, it is confined to Chzlof- sts ;and although grapes are extensively culti- vated in and about Las Cruces, no case is known of its attacking the vines. . This adds another to the instances of Coccidae differing in habit though hardly or notat all in structure. They are what might be termed physiological spectes, in contradis- tinction to the ordinary or anatomical ones. They suggest the idea that organisms present differential characters of a class which weare hardly beginning to understand. (2.) Mytlaspis albus, Cockerell, var. concolor, Nn. Vv. Q@ scale elongate, narrow-mytiliform, grayish-white. Exuviae pale straw color. Q. Elongate pyriform, black or brown- FS PCLT: [ December 1893. black (dark brown by transmitted light), 13 mm.long. Skin conspicuously striate (albus also has the skin striate). Three pairs of lobes; median lobes large and prominent, rounded, notched without, rather widely apart; 2nd lobes bifid, lew, the caudad por- tion largest; third lobes low, bifid, the two parts about equal. A pair of spine-like plates between the median lobes; and one such plate beyond 2nd and 3rd lobes respectively. A spine by the outer margin of each lobe. Margin beyond the third lobe coarsely crenate. Margin in region of 2nd and 3rd lobes shows three or four sacs, elongated with bulbous ends—no doubt glandular. The anal orifice is ata considerable distance from the caudal extremity. The ventral glands are not in well-defined groups, but scattered. On each side of the anal orifice, slightly cephalad of it, is a group of about 8 orifices, not very close to each other; and between this and the third lobe is another scattered rather elongate group of about 8; few other orifices are scattered here and there, some single, others in little groups of 3 or 4. Egg. Theeggs (in caustic soda) are pe- culiar for being of a dirty prussian-green color. and a Larva. Elongate oval, eyes blue-black. Last joint of antenna with two moderately long hairs. Tarsal knobbed hairs long and slender, with small knobs. Caudal filaments ordinary, but some broken off. & scale as usual in Mytrlasprs. Parasite. Many @ scales where a parasite has escaped. Hub. Las Cruces, New Mexico; in great numbers on a chenopodiaceous plant, on which are also found Orthesza n. sp., larvae of Lycaena exilis, and other interesting things. It mostly infests the stems, but the leaves show some scales, both on upper and under sides. When I found this, I thought it must be a new species, and it was surprising to find show holes December 1893. | that it could not be separated from M. albus which I lately described from specimens on a malvaceous plant in Jamaica! There are differences, indeed, in the color of the exuviae and other small points, whereon a new variety is founded—but after comparing concolor with the types of aléus, I can see nothing to separate them specifically. Thus we have :— PSTVCHE: 573 (a.) albus. Jamaica, ona malvaceous plant, alt. 50 feet above the sea, climate very humid, tropical. (b.) albus v. concolor. New Mexico, ona chenopodiaceous plant, alt. 3,800 ft., climate very dry, not tropical. (One can scarcely Say temperate, the summer heat being greater than in Jamaica). Truly a singular distribution ! A NOTE ON THE LARVA OF DATANA FLORIDANA GRAEF. BY HARRISON oa. Having examined some specimens of the larva of Datana floridana in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, I am able to confirm the des- cription by Mr. Koebele (Bull. Brooklyn ent. soc. iv, 21) and to add that the lateral lines are slightly broader than the intervening black spaces, or asbroad; not confluent at the ex- tremities. The large, normal hairs are white, and arise singly from minute tubercles; the fine, short (secondary) hairs are black, very DYAR. inconspicuous without a lens, and not differ- ing from the corresponding structures in D. major and D. palmit. The species is closely allied to D. palmzz, and may prove, on further investigation, to be not specifically distinct. The following table may replace the one given by me (Ent. amer. vi, 132). I include the names of the three species whose larvae are unknown, in the order in which they will probably be found to belong. Mature Larvae (Stage V). Secondary hairs much shorter than primary ones. Hairs concolorous, pale. Ceryical shield black. Cervical shield yellow. Lateral lines separate at extremities. Lateral lines confluent at extremities. Hairs not concolorous. Secondary hairs black; head red. Lateral stripes broken into spots. Lateral stripes continuous. Stripes narrower than the subdorsal black space; head pale red. Stripes broader than this space; head dark red. Secondary hairs brown; head black or red. hairs nearly as lone as primary, concolorous. Secondary ha y g Pp 1 Cervical shield black. Cervical shield yellow. - ANGU SIL. ministra. [californica]. drexelit. major. palmit. Jiortdana. [ modesta). perspicua. [robusta]. integerrima. contracta. o74 Ih a he. Begins in January, 1894, and continues through three years. > J 5 / price (payable in advance) is $5.00 per volume, or $2.00 per year, postpaid. PST CHEE. | December 1893. SEVENTH VOLUME OFF FST CHE The subscription The numbers will be issued, as in Vol. 6, on the first day of every month and will con- tain at least 12 pages each. No more than this was promised for the sixth volume, but the numbers have actually averaged more than 16 pages, and in addition 21 plates have been given and more than 50 other illustrations. We prefer to let performance outrun promise, but when a larger subscription list warrants it, we shall definitely increase the number of pages. Vols. 1-6, Complete, Unbound, Vols. 1-6, and Subscription to Volume 7, - = - Now sold for $29.00. $33.00. GUST PUBLISHED, Scudder’s Brief Guide to the Com- moner Butterflies. By SAMUEL H. ScuppDer, author of ‘‘But- terflies of the Eastern United States and Canada,”etc. xi + 206pp. 12mo. $1.25 An introduction, for the young student, to the names and something of the relationship and lives of our commoner butterflies. The author has selected for treatment the butter- flies, less than one hundred in number, which would be almost surely met with by an in- dustrious collector in a course of a year’s or two year’s work in our Northern States east of the Great Plains, and in Canada. While all the apparatus necessary to identify these butterflies, in their earlier as well as perfect stage, is supplied, it is far from the author’s purpose to treat them as if they were so many mere postage-stamps to be classified and ar- ranged in a cabinet. He has accordingly added to the descriptions of the different spe- cies, their most obvious stages, some of the curious facts concerning their periodicity and their habits of life. A short introduction to the study of butterflies in general is prefixed to the work, and is followed by a brief account of the principal literature of the subject. Scudder’s The Life of a Butterfly. A Chapter in Natural History for the General Reader. By SAMUEL H. ScupDDER. $1.00. 186 pp. 16mo. In this book the author has tried to present in untechnical language the story of the life of one of our most conspicuous American butterflies. At the same time, by introduc- ing into the account of its anatomy, devel- opment, distribution, enemies, and seasonal changes some comparisons with the more or less dissimilar structure and life of other but- terflies, and particularly of our native forms, he has endeavored to give, in some fashion and in brief space, a general account of the lives of the whole tribe. By using a single butterfly as a special text, one may discourse at pleasure of many; and in the limited field which our native butterflies cover, this meth- od has a certain advantage from its simplicity and directness. HENRY HOLD .« Co; Publishers, NEW YORK. A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York. —_ JOINTED & FOLDING NET MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS, Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting Boards, Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Exc. Other articles are being added, Send for List, Folding Nets, Locality and INDEX OF NAMES OF INSECTS. Abaris, 293. Acalyptratae, 329. Acantholepis, 68. Acantholophus, 402. 402. Acanthomera, 180. Acanthomeridae, 180, 406. Acaroidea, 277. Acheta campestris, 498. Acilius, 219, Acinopterus, 307. 308. Acrididae, 62, 73, 342, 466. 498. Acridini, 73. Acridium alutaceum, 73. am- biguam, 466. emericanum, 465. emarginatum, 73. rubiginosum, 73. tuberculatum, 303. Acrobasis indiginella, 467. Acroneura, 235. Acronycta, 442. Actias, 68. luna, 129. Adephaga, 53. Adoneta spinuloides, 127. Adrimus, 295. Adscita chloauges, 374. Aegeria «xitiosa, 60, 122, 123. fulvicornis, 122, 137, 141. Aegocera gladiatorin, 373. Aeneus proteus, 171. Aeschna grandis, 34, 509. Aeschnidne, 197. Aethra, 441. Agalena naevia, 101. Agalenidae, 54. Aganisthos orion, 481. Agaristidae, 373. Ageronia, 491. arethusa, 491. Agra, 293. pennsylvanica, 170. Agrion, 15. puella, 509. Agroeciini, 150. Agrotidae, 557. Aletia, 131. Alloeoneurus, 569. Allotriopus, 293. Allygus, 307. A‘oa colorata, 480. 398. horridus, acuminatus, nigricosta, Alpenus aurant ca, 397. mul- tiseripta, 398, 422, 567. Alypia octomaculata, 16. Amara, 238, 293. impunctata, 171. musculus, 90, 93, Amblychila, 238. cylindrifor- mis, 238. piccolominii, 238. Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 21. rotundifolia, 22. Ametabola, 37. Anabolia sordida, 154. Anabrus, 131. Anace herpa, 397. monotica, 395, 422, 567. parachoria, 395, 422, 567. perpusilla, 395. Anamoeotes leucolena, 374. tenellula, 373. Anaphe, 385. carteri, 387. clara, 385, 390, 391,410. infracta, 387, 891. moloneyi, 387, 388. 389, 390, 391. panda, 386. subsordida, 385, 390, 391, 410. Anaretina, 369, 370. Anatrichis, 293. Anax concolor, 118. 118. Anaxipha pulicaria, 6. Anaxiphus, 442. Anchomenus, 293. Ancistroglossus, 293. Anergates, 372. Anillus, 293. Anisodactylus, 293. Anisomompha, 372. toides, 78. Anisota senatoria, 129. stigma, 129. Anisotarsus, 293. Anobium, 441. Anoplotermes, 510. Anosia plexippus, 54, 250, 491, 492. 525. Antaretia vagans, 512. Anthaxia, 209, 250. Anthocharis genutia, 69. Anthocomus, 441. Anthomaster Jeonardus, 366. Anthomyidae, 314, 329. Anthrax, 160, 546. flava, 455. lateralis, 284. nigricauda, 284. Anthrenus scrophulariae, 372. Antixoon, 441. Anurida maritima, 220, 486. Apalus, 346. Apamea didyma, 117. Apanteles carpatus, 261. cas- sianus, 261. edwardsii, 261. emar- ginatus, 261. glomeratus, 261. megathymi, 261. sayi, 261. the- elae, 261. Apantesis blakei, 379. decorata, 380. nais, 380. nevadensis, 379. radians, 480. Apatela americana, 166, longipes, bupres- obli- nita, 467. Apatelodes, 147. angelica, 148. torrefacta, 128, 146. Apatura, 297. flava, 85. Apenes, 293. Aphaenogaster fulva, 321, Aphaniptera, 233, 546, 547. Aphidae, 510. Aphides, 510. Aphidinae, 118. Aphnaeus, 33, Aphodius granarius, 322, pu- milus, 210. Aphoebantus, 180. Aphonus, 392. Apidae, 545. Apioceridae, 422. Apis, 545. mellifica, 545. Apisa cana, 394, 422, 567. canescens, 394. cinereo-costata, 394. Apithes, 442. Aporia limacodis, 275. Apristus, 293. Apterygota, 220, 485, 486, 525, 547. Arachnida, 209, 458, 459, 547. Araeoschizus armatus, 323, fimbriatus, 323. regularis, 323. simplex, 325. Aramigus fulleri, 372. Araneina, 459. Arbela, 535. Arbelidae, 534. Arctia, 462. acrea, 530. arge, 127. bieti, 380. blakei, 379, 555. decorata, 479, 480. divisa, 537. geneura, 381. imeompleta, 480. intermedia, 479. —_leopar- dina, 537. nais, 127, 479. neva- densis, 379. ochreata, 480. or- nata, 556. parthenice, 479. pha- lerata, 480. remissa, 524. rhoda, 480. vilica, 380. virgo, 127, 479. virguncula, 127. yarrowi, 523. Arctiidae, 394, 535. Arcyptera lineata, 66. Ardistomis, 293. Argila affinis, 474, 493, 567. basalis, 474, 493, 567. Argynnis, 134, 261. 130. ; Argyramoeba, 180. analis, 284. pluto, 284. simson, 284. tripunetata, 455. evbele, 576 Argyrophyes nigrofasciata, 127. Argyrophylax, 188. Arhopala, 33. farquharii, 68. Aroa amissa, 4938. lata, 422, 432, 567. nigripicta, 422, 432, 567. omissa, 536, 568. termina- lis, 432. Arphia carinata, 62. neglecta, 360. sulphurea, 62. tenebrosa, 62. xanthoptera, 62. Arraphis, 289. americana, 289. minuta, 289. Artaxa apicipuncta, 418, 422, 567. discipuncta, 418, 422, 567. mellaleuca, 418, 422,567. mesome- laena, 417, 422, 567. nigra, 417, 422, 567. palla, 418, 422, 567. pirallela, 418, 422, 567. — rotun- data, 418, 422, 567. tessellata, 417. xanthomelaena, 418. Arthropoda, 405. 459, 460. Arthrostictus, 293. Arthrostraca, 458. Articulata, 563, 564. Asilidae, 132, 180, 283. Asilus, 140, 546. Aspasiola, 293. Aspidiotus ostreaeformis, 571. sp., 572. uvae, 571. uvae colora- tus, 571. Aspidisca slendoriferella, 378. Aspidoglossa, 293. Aspidosoma, 441. Astylus, 441. Atherix variegata, 284. Athysanus, 305, 307. bicolor, 307. comma, 307. curtisii, 307. obsoletus, 3807. obtusus, 307. plutonius, 307. Atractocerus, 441. braziliensis, 34. Atropharista, 461. jurinei, 461. jurinoides, 409, 492. Attacinae, 282. Attacus polyphemus, 182. pro- methea, 54, 102. Attagenus pellio, 170. Attalus, 441. Attidae, 210. Attus palustris, 210. 210. Aulacophilus, 553. Aulicus, 441. Automolis ehrmanni, 535. Axinopalpus, 293. pulex, Bacillus, 372. coloradus, 372. Bacunculus, 372. Balacra damalis, 397, 422, 567. flavimacula, 397. glagoessa, 396, 422,567. haemalea, 397. rubri- cincta, 396, 422, 567. Barbarothea, 118. 102. carinatus, 372. florissanti, PS LOTTE. Barini, 382. Barsine gubunica, 399. (Siccia) rivulosa, 399. Barysomus, 293. Batrachidea carinata, 77. Belocephalus subapterus, 150. Belotus, £41. Bembidium, 293. Bibionidae, 180, 406, 525. Bizone africana, 399. porrima, 399. rubristriga, 399. Blabophanes rusticella, 541. Blaps, 140. Blasturus, 234, 235, 258, 509. Blatta, 114, 219, 233, 253, 256, 458. germnica, 78. (Phyllodro- mia) germanica, 258. Blattidae, 78, 114, 342, 497. Blaxima, 441. Bledius armatus, 392. Blepharocera, 34. Blepharoceridae, 180, 406. Boletophagus cornutus, 140, 169. Boletotherus bifurcus, 238. Bombyces, 282, 342, 479. Bombycidae, 102, 200, 213, 216, 535. Bombylidae, 180, 285, 284 Bombylius atriceps, 284. fra- tellus, 284. major, 455. pyg- maeus, 284. varians, 284. Bombyx, 112. acria, 59, 60. caprotina, 60. cecropia, 59. de- floriana, 480. diego, 386. (Hyp- soides) radama, 386. io 124. poly- phemus, 59. prometheus, 59. radama, 386, trifolii, 122. vittata, 480, Bostrychidae, 441. Bostrychus, 441. Bothynostethus, 554. Botis penitalis, 467. Brachinus, 293. fumans, 139. Brachycentrus, 155. Brachytrypus, 68. Brenthis montinus, 130. Brentus anchorago, 140. Bruchidae, 238, 262. Bruchus, 118, 445. fabae, 341, 445. irresectus, 148,445. obsole- tus, 148, 445. obtectus, 445, 449. ornatus, 447. pisi, 170, 342, 448. quadrimaculatus, 447, 449. Bryodema _ barabensis, 210. tuberculata, 210. Buprestidae, 53. Buprestis, 58, 60. divaricata, 139. virginiensis, 170. Bythoscopus tergatus, 306. unicolor, 306. Cabarda frigida, 399. temper- ata, 399. torrida, 399. Caenia, 441. Calathus, 293. Callaretia, 380. Calleida, 293. Calleros, 441. Callidium bicolor, 170. cum, 172. flavum, 172. Callidryas eubule, 366. Callimorpha suffusa, 127. Calliphora, 97. Callophaena, 293. Callosam‘a angulifera, 129. promethea, 94, 166, 129, 505. Calocladon, 441. Calolycus, 441. Caloptenus femur-rubrum, 38. Jalopteron, 441. Calopteryx, 15. splendens, 509. Calosoma, 293. calidum, 170, 172. Calotermes, 509. Camnula pellucida, 63. Campodea, 485. fragilis, 220. Camponotides, 508. Camponotus, 545. nicus, 34. Cantharidae, 345. Cantharis, 58, 60. aenea, 60. afzeliana, 60. alloila, 60. arti- cularis, 60. atrata.60. cinerea, 60. ferruginea, 60. immaculata, 60. maculata, 60. marginata, 60, 121. nuttalli, 60. polita, 60. reticulita, 60. segmentata. 60. sphaericollis. 60. vittata, 60. Capsus, 510. Carabidae, 89, 293. Carabus. 293. catenulatus, 170. dispar, 171. pusillus, 171. serra- tus, 89. vulgaris, 171. Carcocapsa saltitans, 133, Caryoborus, 262. Casnonia, 293. Casphialia flavicollis, 397. herpa, 397. nigerrima, 397, 422, 567. Cassida aurichalcea, 139, 172. Catapiesis, 293. Catarctia, 537. (Arctia) divisa, 537. divisa, 538. Catascopus, 293. Cathorama, 441. Cecidomyia, 256. antennariae, 255, bigeloviae-brassicoides, 491. liriodendri, 557. Cecidomyidae, 180, 255, 369, 370, 406, 525. Cecrita guttivitta, 178. Celia, 238, 293. Cephaloon ungulare, 345. Cephus pygmaeus, 557. Ceracis, 441. Cerambyx, 58. Cerastoma, 403. Ceratopogon, 369, 370. fenni- pennsylva- 205, 249, INDEX OF NAMES OF INSECTS. Abaris, 293. Acalyptratae, 329. Acantholepis, 68. Acantholophus, 402. horridus, 402. Acanthomera, 180. Acanthomeridae, 180, 406. Acaroidea, 277. Acheta campestris, 498. Acilius, 219. Acinopterus, 307. 408. Acrididae, 62, 73, 342, 466. 498. Acridini, 73. Acridium alutaceum, 73. am- biguum, 466. emericanum, 465. emarginatum, 73. rubiginosum, 73. tubereculatum, 303. Acrobasis indiginella, 467. Acroneura, 235. Acronycta, 442. Actias, 68. luna, 129. Adephaga, 53. Adoneta spinuloides, 127. Adrimus, 293. ; Adscita chloauges, 374. Aegeria exitiosa, 60, 122, 123. fulvicornis, 122, 137, 141. Aevocera gladiatorin, 373. Aeneus proteus, 171. Aeschna grandis, 34, 509. Aeschnidne, 197. Aethra, 441. Agalena naevia, 101. Agalenidae, 54. Aganisthos orion, 481. Agaristidae, 373. Ageronia, 491. arethusa, 491. Agra, 293. pennsylvanica, 170. Agrion, 15. puella, 509. Agroeciini, 150. Agrotidae, 557. Aletia, 131. Alloeoneurus, 569. Allotriopus, 293. Allygus, 307. A‘oa colorata, 480. 398. acuminatus, nigricosta, Alpenus aurant ca, 397. mul- tiseripta, 398, 422, 567. Alypia octomaculata, 16. Amara, 238, 293. impunctata, 171. musculus, 90, 93, Amblychila, 238. _cylindrifor- mis, 238. piccolominii, 238. Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 21. rotundifolia, 22. Ametabola, 37. Anabolia sordida, 154. Anabrus, 131, Anace herpa, 397. 395, 422, 567. 422, 567. monotica, parachoria, 395, perpusilla, 395. Anamoeotes leucolena, 374. tenellula. 373. Anaphe, 385. carteri, .387. clara, 385, 390, 391,410. infracta, 387, 391. moloneyi, 387, 388. 389, 390, 391. panda, 386. subsordida, 385, 390, 391, 410. Anaretina, 369, 370. Anatrichis, 293. Anax concolor, 118. 118. Anaxipha pulicaria, 6. Anaxiphus, 442. Anchomenus, 295. Ancistroglossus, 293. Anergates, 372. Anillus, 293. Anisodactylus, 293. Anisomompha, 372. toides, 78. Anisota senatoria, 129. stigma, 129. Anisotarsus, 293. Anobium, 441. Anoplotermes, 510. Anosia plexippus, 34, 250, 491, 492, 525. Antaretia vagans, 512. Anthaxia, 209, 250. Anthocharis genutia, 69. Anthocomus, 441. Anthomaster leonardus, 366. Anthomyidae, 314, 329. Anthrax, 180, 546. flava, 455. lateralis, 284. nigricauda, 284. Anthrenus scrophulariae, 372. Antixoon, 441. Anurida maritima, 220, 486. Apalus, 346. Apamea didyma, 117. Apanteles carpatus, 261. cas- sianus, 261. edwardsii, 261. emar- ginatus, 261. glomeratus, 261. megathymi, 261. sayi, 261. the- clae, 261. Apantesis blakei, 379. decorata, 380. nais, 380. nevadensis, 379. radians, 480. Apatela americana, 166, longipes, bupres- obli- nita, 467. Apatelodes, 147. angelica, 148. torrefacta, 128, 146. Apatura, 297. flava, 85. Apenes, 293. Aphaenogaster fulva, 321. Aphaniptera, 233, 546, 547. Apbidae, 510. Aphides, 510. Aphidinae, 118. Aphnaeus, 33, Aphodius granarius, 322. pu- milus, 210. - Aphoebantus, 180. Aphonus, 392. Apidae, 545. Apioceridae, 422. Apis. 545. mellifiea, 545. Apisa cana, 394, 422, 567. canescens, 394. cinereo-costata, 394. Apithes, 442. Aporia limacodis, 275. Apristus, 293. Apterygota, 220, 485, 486, 525, 547. Arachnida, 209, 458, 459, 547. Araeoschizus armatus, 323, fimbriatus, 323. regularis, 323. simplex, 323. Aramigus fulleri, 372. Araneina, 459. Arbela, 535. Arbelidae, 534. Arctia, 462. acrea, 530. arge, 127. bieti, 380. blakei, 379, 555. decorata, 479, 480. divisa, 537. geneura, 381. imcompleta, 480. intermedia, 479. leopar- dina, 537. nais, 127, 479. neva- densis, 379. ochreata, 480. or- nata, 556. parthenice, 479. pha- lerata, 480. remissa, 524, rhoda, 480. vilica, 380. virgo, 127, 479. virguneula, 127. yarrowi, 523. Arctiidae, 394, 535. Arcyptera lineata, 66. Ardistomis, 293. Argila affinis, 474, 493, 567. basalis, 474, 493, 567. Argynnis, 134, 261. 130. Argyramoeba, 180. analis, 284. pluto, 284. simson, 284. tripunctata, 455. cybele, 576 Argyrophyes nigrofasciata, 127. Argyrophylax, 188. Arhopala, 33. farquharii, 68. Aroa amissa, 498. lata, 422, 432, 567. nigripicta, 422, 432, 567. omissa, 536, 568. termina- lis, 432. Arphia carinata, 62. neglecta, 360. sulphurea, 62. tenebrosa, 62. xanthoptera, 62. Arraphis, 289. americana, 289. minuta, 289. Artaxa apicipuncta, 418, 422, 567. discipuncta, 418, 422, 567. mellaleuea, 418, 422,567. mesome- laena, 417, 422, 567. nigra, 417, 492, 567. palla, 418, 422, 567. pirallela, 418, 422, 567. rotun- data, 418, 422, 567. tessellata, 417. xanthomelaena, 415. Arthropoda, 405, 459, 460. Arthrostictus, 293. Arthrostraca, 458. Articulata, 563, 564. Asilidae, 132, 180, 283. Asilus, 140, 546. Aspasiola, 293. Aspidiotus ostreaeformis, 571. sp., 572. uvae, 571. uvae colora- tus, 571. Aspidisca slendoriferella, 378. Aspidoglossa, 293. Aspidosoma, 441. Astylus, 441. Atherix variegata, 284. Athysanus, 305, 307. bicolor, 307. comma, 307. curtisii, 307. obsoletus, 3807. obtusus, 307. plutonius, 307. Atractocerus, 441. 34 Atropharista, 461. jurinei, 461. jurinoides, 409, 492. Attacinae, 282. Attacus polyphemus, 182. pro- methea, 54, 102. Attagenus pellio, 170. Attalus, 441. Attidae, 210. Attus palustris, 210. 210. Aulacophilus, 553. Aulicus, 441. Automolis ehrmanni, 535. Axinopalpus, 293. braz'liensis, pulex, Bacillus, 372. coloradus, 372. Bacunculus, 372. Balacra damalis, 397, 422, 567. flavimacula, 397. glagoessa, 396, carinatus, 372. 422,567. haemalea, 397. rubri- cincta, 396, 422, 567. Barbarothea, 118. florissanti, 102. PST CLEHE,. Barini, 382. Barsine gubunica, 399. (Siccia) rivulosa, 399. Barysomus, 293. Batrachidea carinata, 77. Belocephalus subapterus, 150. Belotus, 441. m Bembidium, 293. Bibionidae, 180, 406, 525. Bizone africana, 399. porrima, 399. rubristriga, 399. Blabophanes rusticella, 541. Blaps, 140. Blasturus, 234, 235, 258, 509. Blatta, 114, 219, 233, 253, 256, 458. germeunica, 78. (Phyllodro- mia) germanica, 258. Blattidae, 78, 114, 342, 497. Blaxima, 441. Bledius armatus, 392. Blepharocera, 54. Blepharoceridae, 180, 496. Boletophagus cornutus, 140, 169. Boletotherus bifurcus, 238. Bombyces, 282, 342, 479. Bombycidae, 102, 209, 213, 216, 535. Bombylidae, 180, 283, 284 Bombylius atriceps, 284. fra- tellus, 284. major, 455. pyg- maeus, 284. varians, 284. Bombyx, 112. acria, 59, 60. caprotina, 60. cecropia, 59. de- floriana, 480. diego, 386. (Hyp- soides) radama, 386. io 124. poly- phemus, 59. promethens, 59. radama, 386. trifolii, 122. vittata, 480. Bostrychidae, 441. Bostrychus, 441. Bothynostethus, 554. Botis penitalis, 467. Brachinus, 293. fumans, 139. Brachycentrus, 155. Brachytrypus, 68. Brenthis montinus, 130. Brentus anchorago, 140. Bruchidae, 238, 262. Bruchus, 118, 445. fabae, 341, 445. irresectus, 148,445. obsole- tus, 148, 445. obtectus, 445, 449. ornatus, 447. pisi, 170, 342, 448. quadrimaculatus, 447, 449. Bryodema _ barabensis, tuberculata, 210. Buprestidae, 53. Buprestis, 58, 60. divaricata, 210. 139. virginiensis, 170. Bythoscopus tergatus, 306. unicolor, 306. Cabarda frigida, 399. temper- ata, 399. torrida, 399. Caenia, 441. Calathus, 293. Callarctia, 380. Calleida, 293. Calleros, 441. Callidium bicolor, 170. cum, 172. flavum, 172. Callidryas eubule, 366. Callimorpha suffusa, 127. Calliphora, 97. Callophaena, 298. Callosamia angulifera, 129. promethea, 94, 166, 129, 505. Calocladon, 441. Calolycus, 441. Caloptenus femur-rubrum, 38. Calopteron, 441. Calopteryx, 15. splendens, 509. Calosoma, 293. calidum, 170, 172. Calotermes, 509. Camnula pellucida, 63. Campodea, 485. fragilis, 220, Camponotides, 505. Camponotus, 545. nicus, 34. Cantharidae, 345. Cantharis, 58, 60. aenea, 60. afzeliana, 60. alloila, 60. arti- cularis, 60. atrata,60. cinerea, 60. ferruginea, 60. immaculata, 60. maculata, 60. marginata, 60, 121. nuttalli, 60. polita, 60. reticulita, 60. segmentata. 60. sphaericollis, 60. vittata, 60. Capsus, 510. Carabidae, 89, 205, 293. Carabus, 293. catenulatus, 170. dispar, 171. pusillus, 171. serra- tus, 89. vulgaris, 171. Carcocapsa saltitans, 133. Caryoborus, 262. Casnonia, 293. Casphalia __ flavicollis, 397. herpa, 397. nigerrima, 397, 422, 567. Cassida aurichalcea, 139, 172. Catapiesis, 293. Catarctia, 537. 537. divisa, 538. Catascopus, 293. Cathorama, 441. Cecidomyia, 256. antennariae, 255, bigeloviae-brassicoides, 491. liriodendri, 557. Cecidomyidae, 370, 406, 525. Cecrita guttivitta, 178. Celia, 238, 293. Cephaloon ungulare, 345. Cephus pygmaeus, 557. Ceracis, 441. Cerambyx, 58. Cerastoma, 403. Ceratopogon, 369, 370. fenni- pennsylva- 249, (Avetia) divisa, 180, 255, 369, Cerceris, 554. austrina, 556. rufopicta, 556. verticalis, 556. Ceropales bipunctata, 346, Cerura, 290. albicoma, 291, 292. aquilonaris, 129, 290, 293. bicuspis, 290. borealis, 128, 290, 292. candida, 290, 292. cinerea, 80, 129, 290,292. cineroides, 82, 290, 292. meridionalis, 291, 292. modesta, 290, 292, 293. multi- scripta, 129,290, 292. occidenta- lis, 129, 290, 292. paradoxa, 291, 992. placida, 291, 292. sciti- scripta, 290, 292. scolopendrina, 290, 292,293. —- Ceruridia slossoniae, 502. Cetonia barbata, 139. Ceuthophilus gracilipes, 27. pee maculatus, 27. niger, is Chaleididae, 246. Chalcis microgaster, 346. Chalcosiidae, 373. Chalepus obsoletus, 592. Chalicodoma, 458. muraria, 114, 545. Chariessa, 441. Chauliodes serricornis, 346. Chauliognathus, 441. Cheiroplatys clunalis, 392. Chelonus, 545. Chilo carnifex, 388. Chion cinctus, 557. Chionobas, 210, 261, 581. bru- cei, 881. chrvxus, 86. jutta, 381. uhleri, 221. varuna, 221. Chiromyzidae, 180. Chironomidae, 255, 369, 370, 406. Chironomus, 27, 115, 255, 256, 370, 381. Chlaenius, 293. 91, 93, 198. Chlamys plicata, 174. tomentosus, Chloealtis conspersa, 65. viri- dis, 64. Chlorotettix, 305, 306. galba- tergatus, 309. natus, 306, 510. unicolor, 308, viridius, 306, 509. 309. - Chortophaga viridifasciata, 62, 406. viridifasciata infuscata, 62. Chrysididae, 382, 545. Chrysomela trimaculata, 172. Chrysopila —_ fasciata, 283. quaidrata, 283. thoracica, 285. Chrysops, 180, 236. Jhrysopsyche mirifica, 216. Cicada, 32, 39, 181, 510. sep- tendecim, 510. Cicadae, 14, 223. Ciecadariae, 305. Cicadidae, 33, 406. Cicadinae, 406. ¢ Cicadula, 305. exitiosa, 306. punctifrons, 305. quadrinotata, 305. sexnotata, 305. variata, 305. PST CHL. Cicindela, 141, 293. erythro- gaster, 138. formosa, 297, 298. hirticollis, 170. lemniscata, 392. lepida, 392. praetextata, 392. punctulata, 170, 392. purpurea, 170., sexgutata, 170, 297, 298. sperata, 392. trifasciata, 139. vulgaris, 139. Cicindelidae, 205, 238, 293. Cimbex, 345. ulmi, 16. Cimex, 510. Ciniflonidae, 33. Cioidae, 441. Circotettix verruculatus, 64. Cis, 441. Cistela sericea, 346. Cistogaster immaculata, 466. Citheronia regalis, 129, 198. Cixius, 510. Cladodes, 441. Cladophora leucographa, 420. Clemensia albata, 127. Cleridae, 441. Clerus, 441. Clisiocampa, 410. americana, 126,129. constricta, 326. dis- stria, 129, 526, 364. erosa, 364. sp., 467. strigosa, 326. sylvatica, 84, 85. Clivina, 293. Clopodes, 293. Clytus, 297. speciosus, 346. Coccidae, 37, 39, 67, 132, 510, 541. Coccinella abbreviata, 172. bi- oculata, 172. sanguinea, 173. 9-notata, 172. Cochlidiae, 146. Cochliopodidae, 281. Coelodasys, 17. conspecta, 325. leptinoides, 177. Coenagrion, 15. Coenagrioninae, 15. Coenodomus hockingii, 387. Coenostegia, 385. Colaspis 10-notata, 172. Coleoptera, 12, 13, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 54, 118, 147, 150, 160, 188, 205, 209, 233, 234, 238, 249, 254, 261, 315, 316, 321, 366, 391, 442, 458, 589, 547, 561, 563. Colias interior, 300. philodice, 300. Collembola, 486. Collops, 441. Colydiidae, 206. Colyphus, 441. Conibius elongatus, 323. Conocephalinae, 150. Conocephalini, 150. Conocephalus, 150. ensiger, 23. nebrascensis, 23. robustus, 23. uncinatus, 150. Conopidae, 329, Conops, 329, 546. Cophura, 180. Coptodera, 293. t =~] ~] Cordulia lintneri, 34, Cordyluridae, 329. Corethra, 381. Corimelaena extensa, 548. Corimelaenidae, 365. Corrodentia, 235, 509, 510, 547. Corydalis cornuta, 539. Corydia carunculigera, 105. Cossus, 33, 58. robiniae, 58. Cotalpa lanigera, 92. Crabronidae, 545. Craesus latitarsus, 33. Crambidia pallida, 127. Craspedosoma, 297, 298. Cratocera, 293. Cratomorphus, 441. Cratypedes putnami, 360. Creatonotus leucanioides, 397. Cremastocheilus, 358. — casta- neae, 140, 185. Crematogaster lineolata, 321. Crenis amulia, 215. Crioceris asparagi, 557. (Lema) trilineata, 172. vittata, 60. Crocota brevicornis, 127. la, 127. Cryptobatis, 293. Cryptohypnus, 152. Ctenistes pulvereus, 321, Ctenophora, 546. Ctenostoma, 293. Culex, 546. annulatus, 546. pipiens, 546, Culicidae, 180, 255, 406. Cureulio, 297. hirtus, nenuphar, 157. Curtonotus, 293. Cuspidia alni, 442. Cuterebra, 298. fontinella, 541. sp., 299. »ychrus, 297. Cyclocephala immaculata, 392. Cyclorrapha schizometopa, 313. Cymatodera, 441. Cymbalophora, 380. Cymbidae, 398. Cymbolus, 441. Cynipidae, 86, 366, 545, Cyrtidae, 180. Cyrtogone, 534. 493, 533, 568. Cyrtolaus, 293. Cyrtophyllus concavus, 22. opel- 172. lichenodes, Daiphron, 441. Danais archippus, 467. Dasunaga, 591. Dasychira, 500. albosignata, 434, 493, 568. apateloides, 434, 493,568. congia, 422,567. nubi- fera, 493, 568. ruptilinea, 422, 434, 567. saussurei, 434, sub- lutescens, 422, 433, 567. varie- gata, 493, 568. ; Dasylophia anguina, 128. Dasypogon, 132. : Datana angusii, 128, 573. cali- 578 fornica, 573. contracta, 128, 575. drexelii, 128,573. floridana, 573. integerrima, 128, 573. major, 128, 573. ministra, 128, 573. mcdesta, 573. palmii,J28,573. perspicua, 128,573. robusta, 575. Debis, 342. Decticus verrucivorus, 498. Deidamia inscripta, 16, 116, 149. ; Deilephila alecto, 132. nicae, 152. Deltocephalides, 14. Dendry phantes, 210. Dermaptera, 12, 13, 486, 547. Dermatobia, 298. sp., 299. Dermestes marmoratus, 171. Desmeocraera hinnula, 493, 536, 567. Desmocerus, 141. Dexia, 314, 331. Dexiaria, 314. Dexinae, 332. Dexiosoma, 330, 331. Diabrotica 12-punctata, 28, 44, 78. longicornis, 29,44, 79. Diadema dinarcha, 413. Diamesa, 370. Diaperis maculata, 170. pennis, 172. Diapheromera, 372, 406. femo- rata, 182. sayii, 78. velii, 78. Diaphorus, 293. Dicaelus elongatus, 169. Dichromyia, 529. Dinoderus, 441. Dinotodonta, 551, 565. 552. Diogmites, 180. Diploharpus, 293. Diplolepis confluentus, 340. Diptera, 18, 40, 41, 42, 43, 54, 67, 102, 115, 118, 131, 150, 180, 209, 233, 255, 283, 318, 422, 546. orthorrhapha, 406. Discoderus, 293. Discodon, 441. Dissosteira carolina, 64, 406, 468. saucia, 303. Dixidae, 406. Dolba hylaeus, 436. Dolerus arvensis, 346. natus, 346. Dolichoderides, 505. Dolichopodidae, 180. Donacia attenuata, 172. Dorcatoma, 118, 441. Doritis apollina, 132. Doryphora,97, 218, 458, 539,563. Drassidae, 54. Drepana rosea, 179. Drilolampadius, 441. Dromanthus, 441. Dromius, 293. Drymonia dimidiata, 194. Dryocaetes affaber, 557. viridi- longa, inor- Sa CME. Dryocampa riversii, 222. rubi- cunda, 129. Dryops, 134. Dryopteris rosea, 129, 179. Dysclurius sp., 90, 93. Dysderidae, 54. Dytiscus, 131, 140,219. fasci- ventris, 540. marginalis, 170. Eacles imperialis, 129, Earias ogovana, 398. Ebaeus, 441. Ecdyurus, 234, 509. Eclimus, 180. Eepantheria seribonia, 127. Ectopsis ferrugalis, 198. Edema albicosta, 128, 147, 338. albifrons, 147. Ega, 293. Elaphrus riparius, 140, 170. Elater corticinus, 170. dorsalis, 170. oculatus, 170. pumilus, 171. Elateridae, 197. Eleodes dispersa, 323. Ellida gelida, 128. Elliptoleus, 293. Elpis, 512. rubra, 512. Empidae, 180, 283. Empretia stimulea, 127. Empusa egena, 132. Encaumaptera, 534. Encoptolophus sordidus, 63, 406. Eneyrtus fuscicollis, 117. Ennomos autumnaria, 196. Ephemera flavipes, 509. Ephemeridae, 34. Ephemeridea, 234, 509, 547. vulgata, 509. Ephemeroptera, 12, 13. Ephippigera, 497. Epibates fumestus, 284. Epicauta, 39. Epijana, 514. cinerea, 515. lanosa, 514. tenuis, 515. Epinephele, 261. Epiphloeus, 441. Epiphragma, 180. Erebia, 261. discoidalis, 150. Eremochaeta, 406. Ergates spiculatus, 392. Eristalis, 546. Erycininae, 54. Estigena africana, 490, 493, 568. Eucaterva variaria, 258. Euchaetes collaris, 127. 127, 467. Eucheira socialis, 410, Euchroa, 293. Euchroma gigantea, 53. Euclea, 281. cippus, 127. Eugoa costiplaga, 412. calis, 412. Eumelia danbyi, 502. Eumenes fraterna, 346. Eumolpus auratus, 172. Euphanessa mendica, 127, egle, tropi- Euphoeades glaucus, 130. troi- lus, 150. Euphydryas phaeton, 150. Euploeinae, 14, 166, 405. Euprepia (Apantesis) nais, £80. (Apantesis) phalerata, 480. (Apan- tesis) vittata, 480. behrii, 379. caja, 380. (Cymbalophora) blakei, 379. elongata, 379. geneura, 379. fasciata, 379. incorrupta, 379. ochracea, 379. perpicta, 381. pudica, 379, 380. — shastaensis, 379. sulphurica, 379. superba, 379. Euproctidion, 414. 414, 422. 567. Kuproctis reutlingeri, 414, £22, 567. Euproctus, 293. Eurosta bigeloviae, 491. Eurycoleus, 293. Eurymetopon convexicolle, 323. Eurymus interior, 130. — phil- odice, 406. Euryopa, 441. Eutachina, 259. Eutermes, 509. Eutettix, 305, 307. Eutracheata, 458, 459, 547. Evarthrus, 293. Everyx miyron, 16, 149. Exoprosopa, 180. doreadion, 284. fasciata, 284. fascipennis, 284. gabunica, Exorista ciliata, 467. hirsuta, 467. phycitae, 467. scudderi, 467. trivittata, 467. Eyprepia barda, 556. (Callare- tia) ornata, 556. edwardsii, 556. ochracea, 556. ornata achaia, 556. ornata com- plicata, 556. perpicta, 556. sim- plicior, 556. dahurica, 556. Feniseca tarquinins, 70, 201. Filisata, 86. Foenus tarsatorius, 346. Forficula auricularia, 486. Forficulidae, 342. Formica pubescens, 545. 545. schaufussi, 321, 322. Formicidae, 545. Formicoxenus, 372. Frenatae, 442. Fulgoridae, 353. Fustiger fuchsii, 321. rufa, Galerita, 293. 198. luteola, 148. ena, 148, 557. Galleria, 540. melonella, 540. Gallerucidia, 293. Gargetta, 536, 537. Gastropacha, 112. americana, 129. cinerascens, 531. gerstae- ckerii, 531, 532. haematidea, 519, 520. janus, 90, 93, xanthomela- Gastrophilus, 329. Gastroplakaeis forficulatus, 518, 568. greyi, 519, 568. Geometra, 68. Geometrina, 209. Geotrupes tityus, 140. Gerris, 510. Gigantoceras, 549. geometrop- tera, 550, 568. solstitialis, 549, 568. Gluphisia, 499, 503, 521, 529. albofascia, 499, 500, 529, 530. avimacula, 500, 502, 504, 530, danbyi, 530. formosa, 499, 500, 530. lintneri, 500, 502, 504, 530. quinquelinea, 530. ridenda, 499, 500, 529, 530. rupta, 499, 500, 530. severa, 500, 501, 502, 503, 529, 530. slossoniae, 502, 530. trilineata, 128, 146, 499, 500, 521, 829, 530. wrightii, 500, 502, 521, 529, 530. wrightii slossoniae, 521, Glyptolenus, 293, Gly ptus sulcatus, 33. Goniops, 236, 246, coides, 237. Gonometa, 518, 534. brotoessa, 549. Gortyna nitela, 467. Gossyparia ulmi, 587. Grapholitha motrix, 133. nivora, 379. Gryllidae, 3, 342, 442, 498, 546. Grvllodes, 406. Grvllotalpa, 112, 218, 442, 498. borealis, 3. columbia, 3. Gryllus, 114, 442, 492. abbre- viatus, 5, 6. domesticus, 6. luctuosus, 4,5, 6. neglectus, 5. obscurus, 303. pennsylvanicus, 4, Grypotes, 306. Gymuosomatidae, 381. Gynaecia dirce, 481. Gyrophaena sp., 321, hippobos- sp., 467. pru- Hadenoecus subterraneus, 105. Haematopota, 546. Halisidota, 162, agassizii, 323. alni, 323, 324. antiphola, 162. earyae, 127, 158, 163, 166. harrisii, 162, 163, 197. maculata, 127, 163, 165, 323, 324. tessellaris, 126, 127, 162, 164. Hallesus, 156. maculipennis, 153. Halobates, 67. Hargium, 139, 141. Harma amphiceda, 214. caenis, 214, 216. Harpalus rusticus, 171. nigAle Harpiphorus varians, 557. Harrisimemna trisignata, 53. Heliconidae, 525. Helicopsyche, 155. Heliophila unipuneta, 462. viridis, PSL CHE Helluomorpha, 293. Helomyzidae, 329. Helops piceus, 172. Hemaris diffinis, 142, 467. Hemerobius, 34, 539, cornutus, 59. pectinicornis, 59. Hemidiptera haeckelii, 66. Hemiptera 12, 13, 37, 42, 43, 67, 69, 98, 118, 209, 368, 493. Hemonia luteicincta, 412, Hepialus, 33, 294. Heraclides ‘cresphontes, 294 372. Hermetia, 180. Hesperidae, 278, 525. Hesperotettix Vv iridis, 262. Hetaerius, 321, hornii, 322. tristriatus, 322, Heterocampa biundata, 128, 178. conspecta, 325. guttivitta, 128,178. manteo, 128. marthe- sia, 128. obliqua, 128. salicis, 177, 223. subrotata, 178. uni- color, 95, 128, 197. Heterocera, 392. Heteromyia, 370. Heteronygmia, 414. arctioides, 416, 422, 567. argiloides, 415, 422, 567. basibrunnea, 415, 422, 567. clathrata, 415, 422, 567. hypoxantha, 416, 422, 567. rhoda- pieata, 416, 422,567. stigmatica, 415, 422, 567. Heteropacha rileyana, 30, 193. Heteroptera, 166, 238. Hexagenia, 235. Hexapoda, 220, 458, 459, 460. Hipparehia semele, 298. semi- dea, 298. Hippiscus, 262, 265, 266, 317. compactus, 268, 288, 301. coralli- pes, 318. corallipes ruyrosus, 287. discoideus, 63, 274. haldemanii, 267, 286, 336, 361. haldmanni, 302. lineatus, 360. montanus, 361. mnanus, 286. ocelote, 262, 266. 268, 302. pantherinus, 267, 285. phoenicopterus, 63, 267, 274, 303. rugosus, 63, 268, 287, 301. saussurei, 268, 302. sutural's, 268, 301. texanus, 267,286. tubercu- latus, 62, 63, 266, 269, 286, 303, 466. variegatus, 268, 301. Hippiscus (Sticthippus) califor- nicus, 269, 317. marmoratus, 269, 318. Hippise us (Xanthippus) affric- tus, 272, 336, 349. albulus, 273, 350. altivolus, 272, 347. aurile- gulus. 274, 362. calthulus, 274, 361. conspicuus, 270, 286, 319. corallipes, 270, 318, 319. cupidus, 272, 348. devotus, 336. eremitus, 271, 320. griseus, 274, 362. late- fasciatus, 273, 359. lateritius, 274, 361. leprosus, 271, 334. maculatus, 271, 333, montanus, ? 579 273, 361. REE CCUIa, 273, 302, 360. obscurus, 273, 359. para- doxus, 271, 335. pardalinus, 271, 319, 333. pumilus, 272, 348, 349, stigmosus, 274, 363. tigrinus, 271, 334. toltecus, 272, 347. vitelli- nus, 274, 362. zapotecus, 270,°319. Hippobosea, 546. Hister punctifer, 189, Hoplia equina, 189. Hyalomyia, 429. Hyalomyodes, 429. 430. Hyas, 441. Hyboptera, 293. Hydnocera, 441. Hydrocorisa, 67. Hydrometra, 297, Hydiophilus, 97, 112 140, 218, 539. Hydropsy chidae, 157. Hydroptilidae, 157. Hyloicus plebeius, 437. weedii, 429, 1s) J14, Hy lotoma, 10, 112, 115. ber- beridis, 114. dulciaria, 10. mac- leayi, cits pectoralis, 10. scap- ularis, 11. Hylurgus, 172 Hymenoptera, 13, 43,115, 118, 150, 209, 233, 449, "458, 545, 546, 547, 553. Hyperalonia, 180. Hypervhiria io, 15, 126, 129, Hypercompa, 380. Hyphantidium, 385, 386. sericearium, 386. Hyphantria cunea, 127, 176. textor, 16, 126, 467. Hyphantrophaga, 247. triae, 247, 258. Hypherpes, 293. Hypochilus, 86. Hypoderma, 329, 331. 341. Hyponomeuta, 117. Hy poprepia fucosa, 127. Hypotrabala, 490. — castanea, 493, 513, 568. Hypsoides, 385. radama, 386. bipars, hyphan- lineata, diego, 386. Ichnaea, 441. Ichneumon, 198. pennator, 59. Ichneumonidae, 366, 545. Ichthyura albosigma, 128. bi- firia, 529. brucei, 529. inclusa, 128, 147. multnoma, 403. palla, 147. vau, 128, 529. Idiocerus, 306. Idiomorphus hewitsonii, 215. italus, 215. sebetus, 215. vala, 213, 214, 215, 216. zinebi, 214 Ilema, 434. albibasalis, 470, 471, 493, 567. albicostata, 471, 493, 567. albospargata, 470, 493, 567. apicata, 471, 493, 567. brun- neicosta, 471, 493, 567. circum- 580 data, 471, 493, 567. diluta, 472, 493, 567. flava, 472, 493, 567. fusca, 472, 493, 567. gonophora, 470, 493, 567. miserata, 471, 493, 567. pallida, 472, 493, 567. Ilerda brahma, 68. Imatidium argus, 172. Ino, 374. Insecta, 216, 233, 253, 459. Intsia madagascariensis, 385. Ips fasciata, 170. Ischnoptera pennsylvanica, 78. unicolor, 78. Isopenthes, 180. Ithytolus, 293. Ixodes, 33. Jana marmorata, 516, 568. nobilis, 515, 568. Janassa,177. coloradensis, 522. lignicolor, 128, 522. Japyx, 12, 486. Jasoniades glaucus, 150, 342. Jassidae, 305. Jassides, 14. Jassus jucundus, 307. udus, 307. Jugatae, 442. Julus terrestris, 458. semin- Kybos, 305. Lachnophorus, 293. Lachnosterna, 468. crassissima, 392. fusea, 92, 93, 198, 392. hir- ticula, 392. longitarsis, 392. sp., bol. Lacinius, 402. horridus, 402. obtusidentatus, 402. ohioensis, 402. spinosus, 402. texanus, 405. Lacosoma chiridota, 128. Laelia, 431. barsineides, 431. hypoleucis, 422, 431, 567. ligni- color, 422, 431, 567. ocellata, 422, 432,567. setinoides, 431. Laertias philenor, 238. Lagoa, 281. crispata, 70, 127. Lagoidae, 282. Lagoinae, 282. Lamellicornia, 562. Lamia aspersa, 170. 170. tornator, 139. Lampides marakata, 68. Lamprocera, 441. Lampyridae, 91, 255, 440. Lampyris ater, 171. corrusca, 171. laticornis, 171. Laphria, 180. Larridae, 554. Lasiocampaimmunda, 532. leu- cophaea, 533. lutescens, 533. minima, 533. viridescens, 532. Lasiocampidae, 490, 538. nebulosa, PST CLIE.. Lasius aphidicola, 322. Lastaurus, 180. Latrodectus formidabilis, 382. Lebasiella, 441. Lebedodes, 534. 534, 568. Lebia, 293. Lecanium hesperidum, 510. Lehera eryx, 68. Leipoxais, 519. major, 531. marginepunctata, 531. peraftinis, 520. Lelis, 293. Lema, 112. Lemphus, 441. Lepidanthrax, 180. Lepidoptera, 13, 41, 42, 43, 115, 131, 150, 166, 198, 209, 219, 233, 234, 249, 255, 373, 392, 405, 442, 460, 525, 540, 541, 547, 561. Lepisma, 485. saccharina, 220. Lepismina, 485. Lepista limbata, 411. mono- chroma, 411. subumbrata, 411. xanthopa, 411. Leprus, 266, 317. ingens, 266. Leptidae, 180, 283, 406. Leptina, 550. Leptis hirta, 283. mystacea, 284. punctipennis, 284. Leptoceridae, 156. Leptotrac! elus, 293. Leptura, 297. pubera, 298. Lestes eurinus, 66. Lethe, 342. Leucania unipuncta, 466, 467, 468 Leucarctia acraea, 127. Leucospis, 297. affinis, 298. dorsigera, 59. Lia, 293. Liancalus, 569. genualis, 569, 570, hydrophilus, 569, 571. quer- ulus, 569, 571. similis, 569, 571. Libellula, 33. depressa, 509. flaveola, 509. vacua, 34. virgo, 15. . Libethra, 519. Libythea, 54. Libytheinae, 102. Limacodes, 281. biguttata, 127. coesonia, 127. fasciola, 127. flex- uosa, 127, 146. scapha, 127. sp., 275. y-inversa, 127. Limenitis arthemis, 298. cossula, 493, disip- “pus, 132. Limnaeina, 166. Limnophila pudicus, 154, Limnophilidae, 153. Limnotettix, 305. Limotettix, 305, 306. parallelus, 306. striola, 306. Limulodes paradoxus, 322. Lina, 112, 113, 114. Linoptes, 441. Liobunum, 425. politum, 429. politum magnum, 426, 428, 429. ventricosum, 427, 429. ventri- cosum hyemale, 426, 427, 429. vittatum, 426, 428, 429. vittatum dorsatum, 428. Lioolius, 441. Liparidae, 281, 385, 414, 536. Liparis hylomima, 433. mus- cosa, 432. preussi, 433. Liphyra brassolis, 201. Listroscelini, 150. Listrus, 441. Lithacodes fasciola, 145. Lithocolletis ornatella, 378. Lithosiidae, 209, 399. Lobetus, 441. Locusta apiculata, 303. lina, 303. viridissima, 498. Locustidae, 21, 342, 492, 497. Lomadonta, 417. — erythrina,- 417, 422, 567. Lomechusa cava, 321. Lophocampa caryae, 16. tes- sellaris, 16. Lophodonta angulosa, 128. fer- ruginea, 128. georgica, 128. Loricera, 293. Soxandrus, 293. Loxopeza, 293. Loxura, 33. Lucaina, 441. Lucanus parallelus, 170, 172. Lucidota, 441. Lucilia, 97. caesar, 468. syl- varum, 249. Luperus, 297. Lycaena, 297. exilis, 572. paludicola, 52. phlaeas, 298. Lycaenesthes lychnaptes, 51. regillus, 51. rubricinctus, 51. scintillans, 51. scintillula, 50. tisamenus, 52. Lycaenidae, 32, 50. Lycidae, 440. Lycinella, 441. Lycosa portosantana, 132. Lycostomus, 441. Lycus, 441. dimidiatus, 170. reticulatus, 170. Lygaeus, 510. Lygistopterus, 441. Lymexylonidae, 441. Lytta, 169, 345. atrata, 58, 170. cinerea, 58, 170. margin- ata, 58,170. vittata, 58. coral- Machilis, 220, 485. Macquartia, 329. sp., 467. Macrobasis atrivittata, 392. Macrocis, 441. Macrodactylus subspinosus, 557. Macrolepidoptera, 198. Macromia, 33. - Macronadata brunneidorsa, 489. collaris, 489. Macronychia, 331. Macronychus, 134, Macrosenta, 565. 566. Macrosila, 436. carolina, 435. quinquemaculata, 435. Malachius 4-maculatus, 170, 172. vittatus, 170, 172. Malacodermata, 255. Mallophaga, 510. Mallophora, 180. Malthinus, 441, _Mamestra tarara, 566. Mantidae, 38, 78, 342, 497. Mantis, 32, 112, 114. Maronius, 441. longicauda, Mascicera archippivora, 467. eufitchii, 467. nigrita, 467. schizurae, 187, 467. Mazuga, 565. Mecoptera, 13. Megacepha marmorata, 172. Megachile brevis, 341. centun- cularis, 340, 341. integer, 341. scaevus, 341. sp., 341. Megacilissa, 421. electa, 421. eximia, 421. gloriosa, 421, mexi- cana, 42]. yarrowi, 421. Megalophthalmus, 441. Megilla maculata, 173. Meigenia hyphantriae, 176, 247, websteri, 259. Melandrya labiata, 298. Melanophrys, 409, 461, 492. flavipennis, 409, 461. jurinoides, 409. Melanoplus, 561. 462. bivittatus, 74. cenchri, 74. collinus, 74, 406. differentialis, 74. femur-rubrum, 73, 74, 498. junius, 262. minor, punctulatus, 74. spretus, 73,465. Meletomma, 441. Melia, 329, 504. 504. Melisa grandis, 394. Meloe, 39, 172. Melolontha, 112, 539, 546, 547. elongata, 171. iricolor, 171. pilo- sicollis, 139. quercina, 171. ser- icea, 139. subspinosa, 59, 60. varians, 171. vulgaris, 540. Melyridae, 441. Membracis bimaculatus, 139. Menidius, 293. Mermiria bivittata, 66. Mestobregma cincta, 64. Metabola, 37. Pais Metaleptina, 550. —albibasis, 551, 568. nigribasis, 550, 551, 568. obliterata, 551, 568. Metanastria porphyria, 493, 513, 568. spargata, 493, 513. Metarbela, 535. stivafer, 535. Metarctia benitensis, 395. eru- africana, 565. atlanis, 73, danbyi, 502, 74, 250. PST CHE. bescens, 395. haematica, 396. haematoessa, 396. haemato- Sphages, 396. inconspicua, 395. lutea, 396. pareclecta, 395. par- emphares, 395. Metathorasa complicata, 568. cornu-copiae, 568. Metrypa, 462. Micragra, 293. Micralymna, 27. Micranobium, 441. Microcentrum laurifolium, 22. Microgaster, 545, Micropalpus fulgens, 467. Micropteryx, 150. Microtricha, 329. Midaidae, 180. Miltochrista clara, 400. ecraigii, 411. erythrias, 400. numida, 400. Miltogramma argentifrons, 467. Mimosa lebbek, 385. Mioptachys, 293. Mirax, 377. aspidiscae, 877, 378. gyrapholithae, 377, 378. lithocolletidis, 377, 378. minuta, 377, 378. pallida, 3877, 379. spartil, 377. Mirosternus, 441. Mitopus, 402. Mizotrechus, 293. Molanna, 156. Monohammus confusor, 557. Morio, 293. Moriosomus, 293. Mormonia, 155. Musca, 97, 98, 99, 114, 381, 546. Muscaria schizometopa, 313, 329. Muscariae genuinae, 329. Muscidae, 255, 259, 329, 331. Mycetophaetus intermedius,525, Mycetophilidae, 180, 369, 406, 5 525. Mygale, 132. hentzii, 33. Myopa, 140. dorsalis, 329. picta, 329. Myriapoda, 366. Myriopoda, 209, 220, 458. Myrmecochara sp., 321. Myrmeleon, 539. Myrmica, 545. Myrmycides, 505. Mystacidae, 156. Mystacides nigra, 156. Mytilaspis albus, 572, 573. albus concolor, 572, 573. Nabis, 198. Nacaduba stratola, 52. Nadata, 147, 337. behrensil, 388, 521. doubledayi, 338, 521. gibbosa, 128, 197, 276, 337, 340, 521. oregonensis, 337, 338. Nemestrinidae, 180. Nemobius, 442. fasciatus, 6. Nemocera anomala, 406. vera, 406. 081 Nemognatha vittata, 169. Nemoraea hyphantriae, 467. nigricornis, 467. Nemotarsus, 293. Nemotelus, 297. Neoarctia, 512. beanii, 512. Neonympha canthus, 150. Neophylax concinnus, 539. Nepa, 510. Nephelodes minians, 468. Nepticula septembrella, 377. Nerice bidentata, 128, 276. Neuronia stygipes, 153, 154. Neuroptera, 12, 18, 38, 40, 42, 209, 254, 460, 539, 541, 547. Nigoletia, 485. Nioda agrotoides, 567. erubes- cens, 473, 493, 567. nigristriata, 473, 493, 567. nigrotoides, 473, 493. Niteliopsis, 555. plenoculoides, 555. Nitidula bipunctata, 148. bi- pustulata, 148. Nocticola, 442. Noctua cuneata, 480. Noctuae, 117. Noctuidae, 549. Noctuina, 209. Nola hyemalis, 110. melanopa, 127. minuscula, 248. ovilla, 110. sexmiuculata, 110. sorghiella, 110. trinotata, 110, 127, 260. Norraea arctipennis, 488. brevi- pennis, 488. lineata, 488. sig- nifera, 488. Nothiophilus aquaticus, 345. Nothochrysa gigantea, 182. Notibius puncticollis, 323. puberulus, 325. Notiobia, 293. Notiophilus, 293. Notodonta — descherii, 351. stragula, 128. Notodontidae, 521, 536, 552. Notohyba, 434. atrata, 493. delicata, 451, 493, 568. muscosa, 453. nubifuga, 451, 493, 568. obscura, 452. proletaria, 452, 493,568. striata, 452, 567. vir- idis, 453, 493, 567. Notopriota ocellifera, 493. Nudaria juvenis, 412. lacteata, nais, 480, 853, 475, 499, ‘412. Nyctemeridae, 412. Nymphalidae, 54, 215, 405. Nymphalinae, 382. Ocnaea, 180. Ocneria dispar, 102, 250, 557. Ochropisus, 293. Ocyptera euchenor, 466. Ocypteridae, 381. Odonata, 12, 13, 15, 235. 509, 525, 547. Odonestis, 558. 33, 209, 582 Odontocheila, 293. Odynerus, 340. Oebalus pugnax, 61. Oecacta, 369, 370. Oecanthus, 114, 442. angusti- pennis, 6, 8. bipunctatus, 9. fas- ciatus,6,7, 8. latipennis, 6, 7, 8,9. nigricornis, 8. niveus, 4, 6, 498. Oeceticus, 294. Oecleus decens, 353. Oecura, 385, 389, 410, 434. cru- cifera, 453, 493, 568. goodii, 388, 390, 391, 410, 454. ocellifera, 454, 568. thersites, 454. Oedemasia, 522. badia, 177, 522. concinna, 128, 177, 178, 522. eximia, 177, 522. perangulata, 522. riversil, 223, salicis, 177, 223, 325, 522. Oedipoda, 266. corallipes, 266, 318. discoidea, 266, 274. halde- manii, 266, 286, 302. (Hippiscus) ocelote, 302. montana, 361. neg- lecta, 266, 286, 360. obliterata, 303. paradoxa, 286, 335. parda- lina, 333. phoenicoptera, 274, 303, 465. pulchripennis, 303. rugosa, 266, 287. Oedipodini, 62. Oeneis, $9,210. aello, 99, 100. bore, 99, 100. brucei, 100, 210. chryxus, 99, 100. iduna, 99, 100. ivalda, 99, 100. jutta, 99, 100, 210. macounii, 99, 100, 210. semidea, 54,99, 100, 129, 250, 341. uhleri, 250. Oestridae, 259, 329, 331. Oestromyla, 330. Oestrus, 331, 546. Olene costiplaga, 472, 493, 567. hyloica, 473, 493, 567. Oligolophini, 402, Oligolophus, 402. ohioensis, 402. pictus, 402. Oligonephria, 459. Omophron, 293. limbatum, 170. Onota, 293. Onypterygia, 293. Ophion merdarius, 545. Opomala brachyptera, 541. Orchelimum, 150, 497. concin- num, 25. glaberrimum, 25. long- ipenne, 25. nigripes, 25. silvati- cum, 26. volantum, 26. vulgare, 23, 24, 25. Orchesella fastuosa, 486. Orgyia, 281, 338. antiqua, 419, 420, 421. badia, 419, 421. cana, 203, 824,421, 4388. definita, 111, 127, 145, 324, 421. gulosa, 421, ~ 488, 440. inornata. 420, 421. leucographa, 420. leucostigma, 111, 112, 127, 324, 420, 421, 438, 557. nova, 111, 420. obliviosa, 420. sp., 421. vetusta, 421, 440. PSVCT LE. Orgyopsis tenuis, 475, 493, 568. Orizabus, 392. Ormia sp., 468. Ornithoptera, 182, 442. eana, 68. Orocharis, 442. uhleri, 9. iets glabratus, 148. niger, 8 brook- saltatrix, 9. Orphnephilidae, 406. Orthesia sp., 572. Orthezia cataphracta, 510. Orthopleura, 441. Orthoptera, 3, 12, 13, 21, 40, 43, 62, 73, 98, 150, 209, 219, 220, 233, 234, 342, 422, 458, 462, 492, 493, 497, 541, 547, 561, 563, salta- toria, 525. Orthorhapha nematocera, 313. Osmia pacifica, 340. simillima, 340. Otiorhynchus sulcatus, 101. Otoglossa, 293. Otroeda cafra, 414. hesperia, 414. jonesii, 414. occidentis, 414, permaguifica, 413. Oxybelus, 554. Oxycheila, 293. Oxygonia, 293. Pachyarches, 68. Pachy pasa, 518. Pachyteles, 293. Packardia albipunctata, 128. elegans, 128. fusca, 128. gemi- nata, 128. Palaeoblattina douvillei, 365. Pambolus bifasciatus, 289. Pamphila, 134. Panagaeus, 293, Panglima gloriosa, 568. Pangonia, 236. Panorpa, 539. Panorpata, 539, 541, 547. Pantarbes, 180. Papilio ajax, 152. alexanor, 132. americus, 221. asterias, 59, 152, 140. cardui, 140. cres- phontes, 152, 530. hyale, 140. idalia, 59. maackii, 132. pelaus, 450. plexippus, 59. polyxenes, 150. rutulus, 340. troilus, 59, 140. turnus, 102, 166, 3840. zoli- caon, 221, 250. Papilionidae, 450. Parasa chloris, 127. fraterna, 197. Pardalophora, 266. Parnassii, 70. Parnassius, 261. Parorgyia, 282. cinnamomea, 127. clintonii, 127. _parallela, ID ( Paroxya atlantica, 401, 410. Pasimachus, 293. Passalus interruptus, 170. Peckia, 467. Pediculus, 510. Pelecinus polycerator, 300. Pelecium, 293. Pelmatellus, 293. Pelonium, 441. Pentagonica, 293. Pentatoma, 510. Pentatomidae, 365, 493. Penthetria intermedia, 525, Percolaus, 293. Pericompsus, 293. Perigona, 293. Peripatus, 405, 564. ; Periplaneta, 32. americana, 78. orientalis, 78, 497. Perla bicaudata, 509. Pezotettix autumnalis, 76. gra- cilis, 76. manca, 77. minuti- pennis, 76. occidentalis, 76. scudderi, 76. unicolor, 76. viola, 76. viridulus, 65, 75, 77. Phaenolis, 441. Phalangiidae, 402, 425. Phalangiinae, 425. Phalanginae, 402. Phalangium, 402. longipalpis, 402. ventricosum, 427. vittatum, 426, 429. Phanaeus, 102. Phaniidae, 314, 381. Phasia, 331. Phasiidae, 529, 331, 381. Phasinae, 332. Phasioclista metallica, 467. Phasis astrapeus, 373. tribuna, 373. Phasmidae, 32,78, 342, 372, 406, 497. Phengodes, 441. Pheosia californica, 194. dimi- diata, 194, 352, 353. portlandia, 351. rimosa, 128, 194. Pheropsophus, 293. Phibalosoma parva, 64. quadri- maculata, 64. Phidippus, 210. Philonthus aeneus, 148. fusci- pennis, 148. microphthalmus, 821. politus, 148. Philopheuga, 293. Philotherma, 558. 568. Phlepsius, 307. Phloeothrips, 236. Phloeoxena, 293. Phobetron pithecium, 127. Phonius, 441. Phorocera, 331. comstocki, 467. edwardsii, 467. (Meigenia) pro- miscua, 259. promiscua, 84, 177. Photinus, 441. Photuris, 441. 254, 255. Phragmatobia ful ginosa, 127. rubricosa, 512. Phrissopoda lamanensis, 467. Phryganeidae, 153. spargata, pennsylvanica, Phryganidae, 32, 114. Phylethus bifasciatus, 148. Phyllium, 406. Phyllodromia, 32. germanica, 257, 404, 497. Phylloscirtus, 442. pulchellus, Physea, 293. Phytophaga, 115. Phytophthires, 253, Phytoptocecidii, 241. Pieridae, 525. Pierinae, 54. Pieris, 112, 297, 298. navi, 70. oleracea, 70, 101. rapae, 101, 130, 237, 468, 494. Pinacodera, 293. Pinara, 534, Pinaridae, 397, 518, 534, 549. Pinipestis veniculella, 557. Pison, 553. Pisonopsis, 553. clypeata, 553. Pissodes strobi, 557. Pitnus, 441. Plataspidae, 365. Plateros, 441. Platyblemmus, 150. Platynoptera, 441. Platynus, 293. brunneomargin- atus, 189. tenuicollis, 189. Platyptera, 13, 209. Platypteryx arcuata, 129. Platysamia ceanothi, 133, 166, 196. cecropia, 129, 255, 540. Platysoma, 293. Plea, 297. Plecoptera, 13, 235, 509, 547. Plectoptera, 209. Plectroenemia, 157. Plectrodes, 392. Plenoculus, 554. 555. Plusia mapongua, 568. vana, 568. siculifera, 568. Plusiotricha livida, 568. Podisus spinosus, 61. Podura arborea, 486. simulata, 486. Poecilia lucubanda, 171. Poecilochroa, 441. Pollanisus cyanota, 374. obscu- rissimus, 374. Pollyxenus, 297. 293. Polpochila, 293. Polyeaon, 441. Polygonia faunus, 525. rogationis, 525. Polynephria, 459. ; Polyphylla, 392. decemlineata, 92, 93. : Pompilus fascipennis, 346, Ponerides, 505. Porthesia, 281. 281. Priocera, 441. Prionoxystus querciperda, 108, davisi, 554, ogo- fasciculatus, inter- chrysorrhaea, PSYCHE: 109. robiniae, 108, 129. Prionus californicus, 392. Priotoma, 441. Procris, 374. Proctacanthus, 180. Prodonestis, 538. fulva, 538. Prolibythea vagabunda, 102. Prosopus, 406. Prospherysa promiscua, 467, Protentomon, 460. Protocimex siluricus, 365. Protophasma, 406. Pseudodipsas cephenes, 53. Pseudoletis zebra, 50. Pseudomorpha, 293. Pseudoxycheila, 293. Psinidia fenestralis, 64. Psocidae, 131. Psocus, 510. venosus, 235, Psychoda, 546, Psychodidae, 406. Psylla. 510. Pterygota, 220, 233, 257. Ptinidae, 441. Ptinus, 441, Ptomaphagus pusio, 321. Ptorthodius, 441. Ptychoptera clavipes, 298. Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 557. Pupipara, 42, 43, 255, 546. Pyralidina, 209. Pyrameis cardui, 259. Pyrectomena, 441. Pyrgocorypha uncinata, 150. Pyrophila pyramidoides, 16. Pyrrharctia isabella, 126, 127, 511, 512. Pyticera, 441. Ramesa minuta, 489. Ranatra fusca, 253. Raphia frater, 146. Rhagium indagator, 139. inqui- sitor, 140. Rhopalocera, 392. Rhyacophilidae, 158. Rhynchaenus cerasi, 59. strobi, 59. Rhynchophora, 193, 262, 382. Rhynchota, 233, 253, 510, 547. Rhyphidae, 180, 406. Rhyssemus sonatus, 322. Risoba, 549. Rusticus seudderii, 34. Sallaea, 441. Saperda 2-fasciata, 59. bivit- tata, 60. candida, 60. Oe Sarcophaga, 524, 546. acridi- helicis, 220, 468. leucaniae, 468. oedipodinis, 468. sarraceniae, 468. sp., 468, Sarrothripa reveyana, 259. Saturnia arnobia, 213, 216. io, 100. Saturniidae, 282, 535. Satyridae, 213. darum, 468. 083 Satyrinae, 85, 166, 197, 294, 342, 405, 525. Satyrus meadii, 85, 86. Scalmicauda, 489. benga, 489. Scaphinotus, 293, Scarabaeidae, 92, 392. Scarabaeus ebenus, 171. hecate, 171. relictus, 171. Scatophagidae, 329, Scenopinus, 332. Schistocerca americana, 73, 465. literosa, 494. Schizogenius, 293. Schizometopa, 330. Schizoneuriuae, 118. Schizura, 522. badia, 128,177. conspecta, 325, 522. edmandsii, 522. eximia, 128,177. ipomaea, 128, 522. leptinoides, 96, 128, 177. telifer, 522. unicornis, 128, 187, 522. Sciara, 209, 250, 262, Scolopendra complanata, 220. Scolytidae, 505. Scolytus cerasi, 172. Scopaeus, 321. Scotobates calcaratus, 13. Serancia, 536, 552. modesta, 537, 568. Scudderia curvicauda, 21. fus- cata, 21. Scutelleridae, 365. Seirodonta bilineata, 128. Selenia, 148. Selenophorus, 293. Sepsidae, 329. Sericina telamon, 132. Sericostomatidae, 155. Sermyle, 372. Sesiidae, 209. Setodes ignita, 156. Sialis, 32, 405, 539. 254, 539. Sigalphus sericeus, 346. Sigara, 139. Silis, 441. Silpha caudata, 171. lapponica, 171. surin:mensis, 171. Simulia, 256. Simulidae, 180, 255, 406. Simulium, 370. meridionale, 107. occidentale, 107. pecuarum, 106, 107. Sisyra, 34, 405. Sisyrosea inornata, 127. Sitaris, 39, 539. Smerinthus astylus, 31, cata, 169. myops, 169. 169. Smynthurus, 456, Solenopsis debilis, 321, 322. Solierella, 554, 555. Somera bitia, 476. _ bitioides, 476, 487,493, 567. chlouna, 476, 493,567. chloauchena, 475, 493, 567. chloe, 487. chloeropis, 476, 493, chloromorpha, 476, infumata, excae- ocellata, 567. 584 493,567. desmotis, 475, 493, 567. falsa, 487, 493, 568. infima, 476, 493, 567, 568. propinqua, 487. Sozuza decipiens, 411. Spalgis epius, 201. s-signata, 201. Spectrum femoratum, 346. Spharagemon aequale, 64. bolli, 64. collare, 64. Sphenophorus parvulus, 467. Sphinges, 342. Sphingidae, 54, 209, 435. Sphinx cinerea, 435, 437. Spilosoma, 511,512. antigone, 127. Jlatipennis, 127, 338, 512. vestalis, 511. virginica, 16, 126, 127, 512. Stagmomantis, 492. carolina, Stauropus squamipennis, 490. Stenobothrus, 112, 113, 114, 218, 219, 462. aequalis, 478, 479. bilineatus, 479. curtipennis, 65, 406, 478. maculipennis, 65, 477, 478. olivaceus, 477, 478. Stenocorus bidens, 141, 172. cyaneus, 139, 141. putator, 59, 141, 172. tridens, 137,141. vil- losus, 141, 172. Stenocrepis, 293. Stenoglossa, 293. Stenognathus, 293. Stenomorphus, 293. Stenophylax, 154. Stenous, 293. Stetheophyma (Arcyptera) gra- cilis, 66. Stibolepis 490, 493, 515, 568. Sticthippus, 262, 266, 269, 317. Stolonis, 293. Stomoxys, 297. Stonyx, 180. Stratiomyidae, 180, 406. Strongylosoma guerinii, 458. Stylops, 41, 140, 141. Sutria madagascariensis, 385. Sylaon, 554. Sylegoptera, 329. Synchloe joppa, 450. Syntomis cerbera, 393. cor- stricta, 375, 393. crenophylax, 293. creobota, 393. cybelistes, 393. cytogaster, 393. elachista, 375. elasson, 375. goodii, 376. leimacis, 375. leucerythra, 376. leucogastra, 393. leugalea, 375. miserabilis, 375,393. natalii, 3874. ogovensis, 374. puncticincta, 375. reutlingeri, 376. Syrbula admirabilis, 65. - Syringura, 394. uranopetes, 394. Syrphidae, 255, 314. Syrphus, 297, 546, * Systoechus oreas, 455. Systropus macer, 284, subiridescens, PSTCHL. Tabanidae, 180, 236, 255, 283, 406. Tabanus, 180. Tachina, 314. clisiocampae, 83, 259. (Mascicera) armigera, 85. onchestus, 388. Tachinaria, 314. Tachinidae, 247, 313, 329, 381, 409, 429, 461, 466, 492. Tachininae, 247, 332. Tachyrhostus, 554. Tachys, 293. Tachyta, 293. Tanypremna, 180. Tanypus, 370. Tapinoma, 322. Taragama choerocampoides,516, fuliginosa, 517. honrathi, 517. livida, 517. (Pachypasa) graberii, 517. Tarentula opiphex, 197. Tuasitia berenice, 250. Telea polyphemus, 117, 129, 255. Telephoridae, 441. Telephorus, 112. 91, 93. Tenebrio barbatulus, 171. moli- tor, 139, 171. Tenebrionidae, 322. Tenthredinidae, 366, 546. Tenthredo cerasi, 59. Teretrius americanus, 557. Terias lisa, 69. Terina minor, 413. 412. Termes, 509. flavipes, 15, 182, 236. lucifugus, 509. Terphothrix, 474. 493, 568. Territelariae, 198. Tersesthes, 370. torrens, 371. Tetracha, 293. carolina, 392. Tetragonoderus, 293. Tetramorium, 261. Tetranychus telarius, 557. Tetrapriocera, 441. Tettigidae, 14, 223. Tettigidea lateralis, 78. morpha, 78. Tettiginae, 73. Tettix, 223. arenosus, 77. cris- tatus, 77. cucullatus, 77. gran- ulatus, 77. ornatus, 77. rugosus, 77. triangularis, 77. Thais rumina, 70. Thamala marciana, 68. Thamnocera, 454. albilinea, 454, 469, 493,568. albinotata, 469. coeruleifascia, 469. fumosa, 469. nubilata, 469. pallida, 469. Thamnotettix, 305, 306. atro- punctatus, 306. belli, 306. clitel- larius, 306. coquelletti, 306. decipiens, 306. eburatus, 306. fasciaticollis, 306. fitchil, 306. flavocapitatus, 306. geminatus, 306. gilletti, 306. kennicotti, rotundicollis, tenuifascia, lanaria, 474, poly- 306. laetus, 306. longiseta, 306. lurida, 307. melanogaster, 306. montanus, 306. semipullatus, 306. smithii, 306. subaenea, 306, 307. Thanasimus formicarius, 345. Thaptor, 441. Thecla, 33. grunus, 196. Theclini, 32. Theraphosidae, 86. Therevidae, 180. Thinalmus, 441. Thomisidae, 210. Thripidae, 557. Thrixion, 329. Thyreonotus pachymerus, 24. Thyreus abbotii, 16, 149. Thysanoptera, 12, 13, 236, 510, 547. Thysanura, 11, 12, 13, 27, 37. Tibicen septendecim, 557. Tibiceninae, 406. Tillus, 441. : Tinea biselliella, 540. pellio- nella, 541. Tineidae, 541. Tineina, 209, 377, 405. Tiphia inornata, 346. Tipula, 297, 546. tritici, 140. Tipulidae, 180, 255, 406, 546. Tolype laricis,129 velleda, 129. Tomocerus plumbeus, 486. Tomognathus, 545. Tortricidia flavula, 128, 145, 146. pallida, 146. Tortricina, 209. Toxophora virgata, 455. Trechus, 293. Trichius eremicola, 171. piger, 93,198. scaher, 171. Trichodesma, 441. Trichopoda, 329. Trichoptera, 13, 153, 209, 233, 254, 539, 541, 547. Trichopterygidae, 238. Trichopteryx parallelopipeda, Trichostoma, 155. Tridactylus, 442. apicalis, 3. minutus, 3. terminalis, 3. Trigonogenius, 441. Trimerotropis maritima, 64. Triodites mus, 455. Triphleps insidiosus, 557. Triptotricha rufithorax, 283. Trochilium fraxini, 109. lug- geri, 108, 109. Trox nigritus, 171. pulveru- lentus, 171. Truxalini, 62. Truxalis brevicornis. 66. Trypeta pomonella, 557. Trypetidae, 283. Trypherus, 441. Trypoxylon, 553. Turnaca grisea, 488, 493, 568. ignobilis, 489. Typhlocyba, 54. Typhlocybidae, 34, Typhlocybides, 14. _ Typhlocybini, 305. Udeopsylla nigra, 27. Utetheisa, 525. bella, 127. Vanessa, 223. milberti, 16, 441. 441, Velia, 510. Vespa sylvestris, 450. woodil, 450. Vespidae, 545. Virapa radza, 197. Volucella, 100. eardui, 100. urticae, 262, west- ES IC OCLLE Westermannia anchorita, 566, 568. Xabea bipunctata, 406. Xanthippus, 262, 266, 269, 317, 318. calthulus, 361. corallipes, 318. lateritius, 262, 361. lepro- sus, 334. neglectus, 63, 360. par- dalinus, 333. toltecus, 347. vitel- linus, 362. zapotecus, 319. Xenos peckii, 121, 140, 141. Xestobium rufovillosum, 148. tessellatum, 148. Xiphidiini, 150. Xiphidium, 32, 113, 150, 219, 233. 253, 254, 256, 458, 492, 564. brevipenne, 24. ensiferum, 24, 234, 258, 497. fasciatum, 24, 234. 085 nemorale, 24. sp., 24. strictum, Xylographus, 441. Xylopertha, 441. Xylophagidae, 180, 406. Xylosomus, 293. Xylota, 297. Zaitha, 32. fluminea, 253, 5:0. Zephyrus pavo, 68. Zerene catenaria, 124. Zonitis, 346. Zoote, 380. Zopherus, 198. Zophodiopsis hyaenella, 388. Zygaena, 112. cerasi, 122. per- sicae, 122. Zygaenidae, 374. ie My . ait “ ok vos . | ey he eae & a) OAD a Apt veel