M
mmS:
€xiiR Stms. |to. III. 1868
BERLIN : ASHER & CO., 53 MOERENSTRASSE.
NEW YORK: C. SCRIBNER & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT.
PHILADELPHIA. : J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
§0011 0f dfurtcHHiv
PfllNTED AT WESTMINSTER ABOUT 1477-8 A.D. AND NOW REPRINTED,
WITH TWO MS. COPIES OF THE SAME TREATISE, FROM THE ORIEL MS. 79, AND THE BALLIOL MS. 354.
EDITED BY
FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, M.A.
KDlTOa OF 'THE BABEKS BOOK, ETC-' ('.MANNERS AND MEALS IN OLDEN TIME'), ETC. ETC.
[Reprinted ISSS.] -^^ I / '
LONDON :
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, BY N. TRtJBNEE & CO., GO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
MUCCCLXVIII.
PR
e"tc.
€xttn StrifB, III.
BUNGAY : CLAY AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS, THE CHAUCER PRESS.
PREFACE.
Though no excuse can be needed for including in our Extra Series a reprint of a unique Caxton on a most interesting subject, yet this Book of Curtesye from Hill's MS. was at first intended for our original series, I having forgotten lately that Caxton had written to ' lytyl lohn,' though some months back I had entered the old printer's book for my second collection of Manners and Meals tracts for the Society. After the copy of Hill — which Mr W. W. Eang kindly made for his fellow-members — had gone to press, Mr HazHtt reminded me of the Caxton, and its first and last lines in Mr Blades's admirable book showed that Hill's text was the same as the printed one. I accordingly went to Cambridge to copy it, and there, before tea, Mr Skeat showed me the copy of The Vision of Pie7's Ploivman which the Provost and Fellows of Oriel had been good enough to lend him for his edition of 'Text B.' Having enjoyed the vellum Vision, I turned to the paper leaves at its end, and what should they contain but an earlier and better version of the Caxton that I had just copied part ofl ' I drank seven cups of tea, and eat five or six large slices of bread and butter, in honour of the event ; ^ and Mr Skeat, with his never-
1 Mr Bradshaw was kind enough to copy the rest, and to read the -hole of the proof with Caxton's original.
2 I must be excused for not having found the poem before, as it is not in the Index to Mr Coxe's Catalogue. In the body of the work it is entered as " A father's advice to his son ; with instructions for his beliaviour as a king's or nobleman's page. ff. 88, 89, 78. Beg.
Kepeth clene and leseth not yourc gere."
Tl THE ORIEL TEXT THE BEST.
failing kindness, undertook to copy and edit the Oriel text for the Society. With three texts, therefore, in hand, 1 could not well stick thcni at the end of the Postscript to the Bahees Booh, &c.,i and as I ■wanted Caxton's name to tliis Book of Curtesye to distinguish it from ■what has long been to me The Book of Courtesy, — that from tJie Sloane J\IS. 1986, edited by Mr Halliwell for the Percy Society, and by me for our ovfw E. E. T. S. — and as also Caxton's name is one ' to conjure withal,' I have, Avith our Committee's leave, made this little volume an Extra Series one, and called it Caxton's, though liis text is not so good as that of the Oriel MS.
On this latter point Mr Skeat writes :
" The Oriel copy is evidently the best. ISoi only does it give better readings, but the lines, as a rule, run more smoothly ; and it has an extra stanza. This stanza, which is marked 54, occurs between stanzas 53 and 54 of the other copies, and is of some interest and importance. It shows that Lid gate's pupil, put in mind of Lidgate's style by the very mention of his name, introduces a ballad of three stanzas, in which every stanza has a burden after the Lidgate manner. The recurrence of this burden no doubt caused copyists to lose their place, and so the stanza came to be omitted in other copies. Its omission, however, spoils the ballad. Both it and the curious lines in Piers Ploughmans Crede,
Por aungells and arcangells • all fei whijt vsej) And alle aldermen • fat ben ante tronum, i. e. all the elders before the throne, allude to Rev. iv. 10. This Crede passage has special reference to the Carmelites or WTiite Friars.
" The first two leaves of the Oriel copy are misplaced inside out at
the end ; but this is not the only misarrangement. The poem has
evidently been copied into this MS. from an older copy having a leaf
capable of containing six stanzas at a time ; which leaves were out of
order. Hence the poem in the Oriel MS. is written in the following
order, as now bound up. Stanzas 11 (1. 5)— 18, 25 — 30, 37 — 42,
19—24, 49—54, 31—36, 43—48, 55—76, 8—11 (1. 4), 4 (1. 5)— 7,
1—4 (1. 4)."
' The Treatises in The Bahees BooJc, &c., and the Index at the end, slioidd be consulted for parallel and illustrative passages to those in Caxton's text.
THE ORIEL TEXT THE BEST. Vll
As an instance of a word improved by tlie Oriel text, may be cited the ' brecheles ieste' of Caxton's and Hill's texts, 1. 6G, and 1. 300,
ffor trustc ye well ye shall you not excuse fifrom hrecheles feste, & I may you espye Playenge at any game of rehawdrye. — Hill, 1. 299 — 301.
Could it be 'profitless,' from A. -Sax. hrcc, gain, profit; or ' breechless,' a feast of birch for the boy with his breeches off ] The latter was evidently meant, but it was a forced construction. The Oriel hi/rcheley set matters right at once.
Another passage I cannot feel sure is set at rest by the Oriel text. Hill's and Caxton's texts, when describing the ill-mannered servant whose ways are to be avoided, say of him, as to his hair, that he is
Absolon with disheveled heres smale, lyke to a prysoner of saynt Malowes,' a sonny biisshe able to the galowes. — Hill, 1. 462.
For the last line the Oriel MS. reads,
a sonny bush myght cause hym to goo louse,
and Mr Skeat says, — "This is clearly the right reading, of which galoioes is an unmeaning corruption. The poet is speaking of the dirty state of a bad and ill-behaved servant. He is as dirty as a man come out of St Malo's prison ; a sunny bush would cause him to go and free himself from minute attendants. A ' sunny bush' probably means no more than a warm nook, inviting one to rest, or to such quiet pursuits as the one indicated. That this is really the reading is shown by the next stanza, wherein the poet apologizes for having spoken too bluntly ; he ought to have spoken of such a chase by saying that he goes a-hawldng or a-hunting. Such was the right euphemism required by ' norture.' "
If this is the meaning, we may compare with it the old poet's reproof to the proud man :
' An allusion to the strong castle built at St Malo's by Anne, Duchess of Brctayne. — Dycc.
nil THE PARASITES OF EARLY ENGLISHMEN.
Man, of \)i scliiiltli'es and of ]ji siile J)ou mi3te liunti luse and flee : of such a park i ne liold no pride ; pe dere nis nau^te fat Jjou mighte sle.
Earlff English Poems, ed. F. J. F., 1862, p. 1, 1. 5.
and remember that one of the blessings of the early Paradisaical Land of Cohaygne is :
Ms Jjer flei, fle, no lowse.
In clof, in tonne, bed, no house.
Ih., p. 157, 1. 37-8.
We may also compare the following extract about Homer's death from " Pleasant and DelightfuU Dialogues in Spanish and English : Profitable to the Learner, and not vnpleasant to any other Reader. By John Minsheu, Professor of Languages in London. 1623," p. 47.
"F . . . a foole with his foolishnesse framed in his owne imagination may giue to a hundred wise men matter to picke out.
"I, So it hapned to the Poet Homer, that as he was with ao-e blinds, and went walking by the sea shoare, & heard certaine Fishermen talking, that at that time were a lowsing themselues, and as he asked them, what fish they caught, they vnderstanding that he had meant their lice, they answered, Those that we ' haue, we seeke for, and those that we ^ haue not wee finde, but as the good Homer could not see what they did, and for this cause could not vnderstand the riddle, it did so grieue his vnderstanding to obtaine the secret of this matter, which was a sufficient griefe to cause his death."
But the subject is not a very pleasant one for discussion, though the occupation alluded to in the Oriel Text must have been one of the pastimes of many people in Early England.
The book itself, Lijtill Johan, is by a disciple of Lydgate's — see 1. 366, p. 36-7 — and contains, besides, the usual directions how to dress, how to behave in chxu'ch, at meals, and Avhen serving at table, a wise man's advice on the books his little Jack should read, the best English poets, — then Gower, Chaucer, Occleve, and Lydgate, — not the Catechism and Latin Grammar. It was very pleasant to come
^ i. Haue in their rlotlip=!, i. lice. * j, Haue not in hand.
THE PRAISE OF CHAUCER AND LYDGATE. IX
off the directions not to conveye spetell over the table, or burnish one's bones -with one's teeth, to the biu'st of enthusiasm -with which the writer speaks of our old poets. He evidently believed in them with all his heart ; and it would have been a good thing for England if our educators since had followed his example. If the time wasted, abnost, in Latin and Greek by so many middle-class boys, had been given to Milton and Shakspere, Chaucer and Langland, with a fit amount of natural science, we should have been a nobler nation now than we are. There is no more promising sign of the times than the increased attention paid to English in education now.
But to return to our author. He gives Chaucer the poet's highest gift, Imagmation, in these words,
what ever to say he toke in his entente, his langage was so fayer & pertynante,
yt semeth vnto manys heryng
not only the ivorde, hut venjly the thyng. (1. 343.)
And though the writer has the bad taste to praise Lydgate more than Chaucer, yet we may put this down to his love for his old master, and may rest assured that though the cantankerous Ritson calls the Bury schoolmaster a ' driveling monk,' yet the larking schoolboy who robbed orchards, played truant, and generally raised the devil in his early days {Forewords to Bahees Bool; p. xliv.), retained in later years many of the qualities that draw to a man the boy's bright heart, the disciple's fond regret. We too will therefore hope that old Lydgate's
sowle be gon (To) the sterred paleys above the dappled skye, Ther to syng Sancfus iusessavntly
Emonge the mvses nyne celestj-^all.
Before the hyeste lubyter of all. (1. 381-5.)
In old age the present poem was composed (st. 60, p. 42-3) ; ' a lytill newe Instruc'cion ' to a lytle childe, to remove him from vice & make him follow virtue. At his riper age our author promises his boy the surplusage of the treatise (st. 74, p. 50-1); and if a copy of it exists, I hope it will soon fall in our way and get into type, for 'the more the merrier' of these peeps into old boy-life.
X SOME QUESTIONS OF GRAMMAR.
On one of the grammatical forms of tlie Oriel MS., Mr Skeat writes :
"It is curious to observe the forms of the imperative mood plural which occur so frequently throughout the poem in the Oriel copy. The forms ending in -eth are about 31 in number, of which 17 are of French, and 14 of A.S. origin. The words in which the ending -etli is dropped are 42, of Avhich 18 are of French, and 24 of A.S. origin. The three following French words take both forms ; avyse or avyseth, awcujte or aioayteth, wayte or vmyteth ; and the five following A.S. words, he or beth, kepe or kepeth, knele or kneJyth, loke or loketh, make or inaketh. Thus the poet makes use, on the whole, of one form almost as often as the other (that is, supposing the scribe to have copied correctly), and he no doubt consulted Ms convenience in taking that one which suited the line best. It is an instance of what followed in almost every case of naturalization, that A.S. inflections were added to the French words quite as freely as to those of native origin. Both the -eth and -e forms are commonly used without the word ye, though Be ye occurs in 1. 58. In the phrase avise you (1. 78), you is in the accusative."
Commenting also on 1. 71 of Caxton and Hill, Mr Skeat notices how they have individualised the general ' child ' of the earlier Oriel text :
"71. Here we find cMId riming to mylde. In most other places it is Jolian. The rime shows that the reading child is right, and Johan is a later adaptation. The Oriel MS. never uses the word Jolian at all ; it is always child."
I may remark also, that on the question lately raised by Mr Bradshaw, ' who before Hampole,' or after him, used you for the nominative as well as the correct ye,^ Hill uses both you and ye, see 1. 47, 51, 52, &c., though so far as a hasty search shoAvs, Lj^dgate, in his Minor Poems at least, uses ye only, as do Lord Berners in his Arthur of Lytil Brytayne, ab. 1530, the Ormulum, Ancren Eiwle, Genesis and Exodus, William of Palerne, Alliterative Poems, Early Metrical Homilies, &c.^
' Pricke of Conscience, p. 127, 1. 4659 ; and p. xvii.
' Mr Skeat holds that iu the various readiua; 3.5(0 drieih from the Univ. Coll.
DETAILS AS TO PRINTING AND TEXT. XI
The final d, /, t, of Hill's MS., often have a tag to them. As they sometimes occur in places where I judge they must mean nothing, I have neglected them all. Every final II has a line through it, which may mean e. ^Nearly eveiy final n and m has a curly tail or line over it. This is printed e or n, though no doubt the tail and line have often no value at all. The curls to the rs are printed e, because tlier with the curly r, in 1. 521, Hill, rimes to ivhere of 1. 519.
At the end of Caxton's final d and g is occasionally a crook-backed line, something between the line of beauty and the ordinary knocker. This no doubt represents the final e of MSS., and is so printed, as Mr Childs has not the knocker in the fount of type that he uses for the Society's work. Caxton's n stands for un in the -aunce, -aunte, of words from the French. No stops or inverted commas have been put to Caxton's text here, but the stanzas and lines have been numbered, and side-notes added.
" The Book of Curtesye" says Mr Bradshaw, " is known from three early editions. The first, without any imprint, but printed at West- minster by Caxton ab. 1477-78,' the only known copy of Avhich is here reproduced. The second (with the colojDhon 'Here endeth a lytyll treatyse called the booke of Curtesye or lytyll John. Emprynted atte Westmoster ') is only known from a printer's proof of two pages ^ pre- served among the Doiice fragments in the Bodleian. It must have been printed by Wynkin de Worde in Caxton's house ab. 1492. In the third edition it was reprinted at the end of the Stans piLer ad Mensam by Wynkin de Worde ab. 1501-1510. The Cambridge copy is the only one known to remain of this edition."
I have no more to say : but, readers, remember this coining Xew Year to do more than last for what Dr Stratmann calls "the dear Old English." Think of Chaucer when his glad spring comes, and
Oxford MS. (of the early part of the loth century) to the Vernon MS. ]pnu drulyst, 1. 25, Passus 1, of the Vision of Piers Plowman, the 30W is an accusative, " exactly equivalent to the Gothic in the following passage — ' hwana Jjaursjai, gaggai du mis, i. e. ivhojn it may thirst, let him come to me.' John vii, 37. I conclude that ^ow is accusative, not dative. The same construction occurs in German constantly, "■ es dnrstet mich ' = it thirsts me, I thirst."
' In his type No. 2, Blades, ii. G3.
2 In Caxton's type No. 5, Blades, ii. 23-5 (not 253 as in Index).
xii THE PRAISE OF CHAUCER AND LYDGATE.
every day besides ; forget not Langland or any of our early men :
rejiorte & revyue tM lawde of the^/i that were famovs i«' owre langage, these faders dere, whos sowles in blis, god eternall avaunce, thvii lysten so ^ owre langage to enhavnce !
{Hill, 1. 430-4.)
3, St Georges Square, N. W. 15 Dec, 1867.
1 Founders of, Orid MS. - some, Hill; so, Oriel.
Clje §00h d €mttB^L
[From the Oriel MS. Ixxix.]
T ytle childe, sytheii youre tendi'e infancie ■^ Stondeth as yett vndir yndyff[e]rence,
To vice or vertu to moven ' or Applie, 3 ' ms. morven.
And in suche Age ther is no prouide/zce, Ne conienly no sadde intelligence,
But ryght as wax receyueth prints and figure, So chylder ben disposed of nature,
[2] TTice or vertu to Folowe and ympresse
' In mynde ; and therfore, to stere and remeve You from vice, and to vertu thou^ dresse, 10 ^ nead you.
That on to folow, and the other to eschews, I haue devysed you this lytill newe Instrucczon according to youre age, Playne in sentence, but playner in langage. 14
(Richard HilVs Com7nonplaee Book, or Balliol MS. 354, ffi G Ix.) Here begynnyth lytitt lohan.
.Liytett lohan, sith yowr tendere enfancye luuvsTtxi.]
Stondyth as yet vndere Indyfference To yyce or vertu to mevyn or applie, 4 & in suche age ther • ys no provydence, 'Ne come?dy no sage Intelygence, But as wax receyvith prjoat or fygure, So chyldren bene disposed of nature
* The th is the same as the y.
[f|e §ook of Cttttes^eJ
[Caxton's Text.]
[1] 1 ytyl lolin syth your tendre enfancye Stondeth as yet vuder / in difference To vice or vertu to meuyu or applye And in suche age ther is no prouidence Ne comenly no sade Intelligence But as waxe resseyueth prynte or figure So children ben disposide of nature
[2]
Vyce or vertue to folowe ande enpresse In mynde / ande therfore / to styre & remeue You from vice / ande to vertue addresse That one to folowe / and that other teschewe I haue deuysed you / this lytyl newe Instrucc/on / acordynge vnto your age Playne in sentence / but playner in la/igage
[Leuf 1 a.] As Infancy is indifferent whether it folKnvs vice or virtue.
I have written tliis new treatise to draw you from 1 f\ vice, and turn jou to virtue.
14
8 ^ Vyce or vertu to folowe, & enpresse
In mynde ; & theriox to styre & remeve you frome vice, & to vertu addresse, That on to folow, & thai other to eschewe, 12 I haue devysed you this lytitt newe
Instrucc^on ' accordyng vnto youx age, playn In sentence, but playnore In langage.
* The mark of contraction is over the n : t. i. the n has its tail curled over its back like a do^'s.
[HilVs Text.]
THE ORIEL TEXT.
17
21
[3] rTaketh hede tlierfore and lierkyn what I say, ■'■ Aiid yeueth therto hooly youre aduertence, Lette not youre eye be here and youre hert away, But yeueth herto youre besy diligence. And ley aparte alle wantawne insolence, Lern}i,h to be vertues and Avell thewid ; Who wolle not lere, nedely must be lewid.
[4] A fore all thyng, fyrst and principally, ■^^ In the morowe when ye ' shall vppe ryse, To wyrship god haue in youre memorie ;
Wyth cristis crosse loke ye blesse you thriese, Youre pater-nosteir seyth in devoute wyse, Aue maria wyth the boly crede, Than alle the after the bettir may ye spede.
[5] A nd while ye be Abouten honestely ■^^ To dresse yoiu'e-self and don on yoiu'e aray, Wyth youre felawe well and tretably Ovire lady matens Avyseth that you say, And this obseruaunce vseth euery day,
Wyth prime and owns, and wythouten drede The blyssed lady woll graunte you youre mede. 35
24
28
31
^ Take hede theriov, & harken what I saye, 16 & geve therto yo'svre good advertence,
lette not jour ere be here, & joux herte awaye, But pute you therto besy delygence, Laying a-parte aft wanton Insolence, 20 lernyd to be ve?'tuvs & weft thewed ;
who wift not lerne, nedely he must be lewed.
"H Afore aft thjaig, & pryncypally In the mornyng wha?i ye vp ryse, 24 To worship god haue in memory ;
with crystw crosse loke ye blesse ye thryse,
[Hills Text.]
CAXTON S TEXT.
Take hede therfore / and herkne what I saye
Ande gyue therto / your goode aduertence
Lete not your ere be here & your herte awaye 1 7
But put ye therto / besy diligence
Leynge aparte al ■\vanto^^^l Insolence
Lerneth to be vertuous / and wel thewede
Who wil not lerne / nedely he must be lewed 21
Afore alle thinge / ande lirincipally
In the morenynge / whan ye vp rise
To worshipe gode / haue in memorie 24
With crystes crosse / loke ye blesse you thrise
Your pater noster / saye in deuoute wyse
Aue maria / with the holy crede
Thenne alle the day / the better shal ye spede 28
And while that ye be aboute honestly
To dresse your self / & do on your araye
With your felawe / wel and tretably 31
Cure lady matyns / loke that ye saye
Ande this obseruaiice / vse ye every daye
With pryme and ouris / withouten drede
The blesside lady / wil qiiyte you your mede 35
Attend theret'orn to what r sav.
Learn good manners.
[Leaf 16.] On rising.
cross yourself,
saj" your Pater Noster, Ave, and Creed.
While dressing,
say our Lady's .Matins,
Prime, and Hours.
your patere noster* say in devoute wyse, Aue niaria / with the holy crede ; 28 There alt the day the better- shall ye spede.
^ And while ye dresse yo?/r selfe, honestly To dresse jouv selfe & do on jour araye, with JOUV felowe wetl" & tretably 32 Owre lady matens loke f?iat you say ; And this observance vse ye euery day, with pryme & owers wM-owt drede. the blessyd lady wilt quyte you yo^^r mede.
imU's Text.]
6 THE OUIKL TKXT.
[6]
T/'embe yoiu'e liede and loke ye kope lilt clenc, -■-*• Youre eris twayiie suffre not foule to be ; In youre visage wayteth no spotte be sene, 38
Purge youre nase, let hit not combred be Wyth foide matiers Ayenst all oneste,
But wyth bare hande no matier from hit feche, For that is a foule and an vncurtays teche. 42
[7]
"youre handes wassheth, that is an holsoni thyng, -*- Youre nayles loke they be not geet blake, Suffre hem not to ben ouer long growyng ; 45
To youre aray good hede I warne you take, That manerly ye seet hit vp and make,
Youre hode, youre gowne, youre hose, and eke
youre scho, "Wyth all array longyng youre body to. 49
[8] T/'epeth clene and leseth not youre gere, ■'-*- And or ye passen oute of youre loggyng, Euery garment that ye schulle vppon you were, 52
Awayteth welle that hit be so syttyng As to youre degre semeth moost on accordyng ; Than woll men sey, ' for soth this childe is he That is well taught and loueth honeste.' 56
36 ^ Kembe jouv hede, & loke you kepe yt clene ; imu's Textj
jouT eres twayn suffre not fowle to be ; [ffl c ix iiack]
In JOUV wysage loke no spote be sene ; purge yo«r nose ; lett no ma?i in yt se 40 The vile matter : yt ys none honeste ;
N^e wit/i JOUT bare hond no fylth ivom yt feche, ffor that ys fowle, & an vncurtoys teche.
% Yoitv lioiidis Avasshe ; yt ys an holsom thyng ; 44 yoMr naylis loke they be not gety blake, Ne suffre not the7?i over longe groAvyng.
CAXTON S TEXT.
Comb your head; clean your ears
and nose ;
don't pick it.
[Leaf 2 a.J Wash your hands ; don't keep your nails jet- black or too long.
Wear fit clothes, that fit well
[6]
Kembe your hede / & loke ye kepe it cleiio
Your eres tweyne / suffre not fowl to he
In your visage / wayte no spot be sene 38
Purge your nose / lete noman in it see
The vile mater / it is none honeste
l^e with your bare honde / no filth fro it fecche
For that is fowl / and an vnciu-toys teche 42
[7] Your hondes wesshe / it is an holsom thinge Your naylis loke / they be not gety blacke ISTe suffre not hem / to be oner longe growyng 45
To your araye / I warne you good hede take That manerly ye fytte it vp and make Your hoode. gowne. hosyn / & eke your she "With al your aray longyng your body to 49
[8] Kepe you clene / and lose not your gere And or ye passe / out of your loggynge Euery garment / that ye shal on were 52
Awayte wel / that it be so syttynge As to your degre / semeth acordynge The?me Avil men saye / forsoth this childe is he That is wel taught / and louyth honeste 56
To yo?/r A-raye I warne you good hede take, [buvs tcxu Manerly & ffyte loke you yt make ; 48 your hood / gowne / hosen / & eke yo?a' sho, with all jouv araye longyng yo?a' body to.
^ Kepe you clene, & lose not jouv gere ; & or you passe owt of yo?/.r lodgyng, 52 Euery garment that ye shaft were, Awayte weft that yt be so syttyng & to JOUV degre semed accordyng ; Tha?? wift iTiGU say, " for sothe tJiis child ys he 5G that ys weft tawght, & loAveth honeste."
and suit your station ;
the men will praise you.
THE OllIEL TEXT.
[9] A nd as ye walke and passen be the strete, -^ Be ye not nyce of cliere and countenance ; And loke, my cliilde, to folkys that ye mete, 59
Ye spekyn feyre wyth wordis of j)lesaunce ; To youi'e souerayne wyth humhle obeysaunce, To hym that is youre felowe and pere, Yexath feyre langage wyth ryght frendly chere. 63
[10]
/^Ast not wyth stone or styke at foule ne beste, ^ And where ye walke be ware that ye ne rage/ For and ye do, ye shall to byrcheley feest. 66
Terre ^ wjth. no hounde in fylde nor in village, Gothe forth in peace, demenyng yonre vysage In sobre wyse, that men may of yon say, ' A goodly childe ther passith be the way.' 70
[11] TlThan ye come to the chirche, my lytyll chylde, ' ' Holy watir ye schull vppon you caste 72
Be-fore the crosse wyth [chere] moste meke and mylde ; Than knelyth doune and knoketh on youre breste, Thankyng the lorde that on the crosse did rest, And there for you suffred his hart to blede, Seyth or ye ryse Pater, Aue, and A crede, 77
1 MS. nerage.
* MS. There, by mistake.
60
% And as ye walke & passe by tJie strete. Be ye not j^yce of chere & covntenavnce, but loke, my child, to folk/s that you mete, & loke ye speke fayere w/t/i word/s of plesavnce, Demvre, & curtoys of jout Demenavnce. To hym that ys yowre felow & pere, Geve you fayre langage & a flfrendly chere.
64 ^ Cast no styke ne stone at fowle ne beste ; & wher ye walke, be ware ye ne rage, ffor yff ye do ye shatt to brecheles feest. Terre not with hovndis in fyld ne in vilage ;
imiis Tfxt.j
CAXTON S TEXT.
[9]
And as ye waike / and passe by the strete Be ye not nyce of cliere / and countenaunce But loke my child / to folkes that ye mete Ye speke fayr / with wordes of plesaunce Demure and curtoys / of your demenaunce To hym that is your felawe ande pere Gyue ye fair langage / and a frendly chere
[10]
Caste no styck ne stone at fowle ne beest And where ye walke / bewarre ye ne rage For yf ye doo / ye shal to brecheles feest Terre not mth hou?ide in felde ne in vilage Go forth your waye / demenyng your viage In sobre wyse / that men may of you saye A goodly chylde / ther passeth by the waye
[11] And whan ye come to jj® chirclie my litil cliild Holy water / ye shal vpon you caste Byfore p" crosse / with chere meke & mylde Knele adouii / and knocke on your breste Thankyng the good lord ))* on it dide reste And thei-e / for you suffryd his sides to blede Saye ye or ye rise / pater noster / aue / & a crede
As you walk, look pleasantly at folk,
59
63
and greet your fellows friendly;
[Leaf 2 6.] don't shy stones at bird or beast,
66
or quarrel with dogs.
70
At church, holy- water yourself,
73
kneel before tlie cross, knock on your breast,
77 and say prayers.
68 Go furth yoz^r way, Demenyng jonv viage In sober wyse, that men maye of you saye, " A goodly chyld ther passith by the wa3^"
% And when ye cum to the churche, my lititt child, 72 holy water ye shaft vpon you caste.
be-fore the crosse with chere meke & mylde knele a-downe, & knoke on your brest, Thankyng that good lord that on yt dyde reste, 76 & tlier for you suffred his sydys to blede ;
Saye ye, or you ryse, pater noster / aue / & a crede.
IHilts Text.]
10 THE ORIKL TEXT.
[12] A vise you well Also for eny thyng,
The schirche of prayer is the house and place ; Be ware there-fore of clappe or langlyng, 80
For in the schirche tliat is full gret trysspace, And A token of hem that lacken grace ;
Ther beth demure and kepeth youre sylence, And serueth god wyth all youre deligence. 84
[13]
rro helpe the prest whan he shall sey the masse, -■- Whan hit shall happen you or be-tyde, Eemeue not ferre ne from his presence passe, 87
Kneleth or stondeth deuoutly hym be-syde. And not to nyghe ; youre tounge mooste be applied
To Answere hym wyth ^ vfolice full moderate : ' ms. wytu hvm
'- -■ ' wytU.
Avyse you well, my lityll childe, Algate 9 1
[14]
rpO mynystre wyth de-voute Eeuerence, -*■ Loke that ye do youre humble obseruaunco Debonarly wyth [dewe] obideence, 94
Cyrcum-spectly, wyth euer[y] circumstaunce Of porte, of chere, demevire of countenaunce, Eemembryng, the lord aboue is he Whom to serue is grettest liberte. 98
^ Avyce you welt also for any thynge, imivs Text.2
The chyrche, of prayer ys howse & place ; 80 be ware theriov of clappe or langeljnige,
ffor in the chjTche }i; ys a futt gret trespas, & a token of suche as lacketh grace. Ther be ye demvre, & kepe ye scilence, 84 And se?-ve ye god w/t/i all yoitr delygence.
To helpe tJiQ Freest wha?? he sayth masse, [fflcixj.]
whan yt shaft happen you or betyde, Remeve not fer, ne horn his presence passe ; 88 knele or stonde you devovtly hy??i besyde,
CAXTON S TEXT.
11
[12]
Aiij^se you wel also / for ony tliinge
The cliirclie of prayer / is lious and place
Beware tlierfore / of clappe or langelynge 80
For in f^ cliirclie / it is a fill grete trespaas
And a token of suche / as lackytli grace
There be ye demure / and kepe ye scilence
And serue ye god / with al your diligence 84
[13]
To helpe the preest / wlian he saith masse
Whan it shal happen you or betyde
Remeue not fer / ne from his presence passe 87
Kiiele or stonde ye / deuoutly hym besyde
And not to nygh your tonge muste be applide
Tanswere hym / with voys fill moderate
Auyse you wel / my lityl childe algate 91
To mynystre / with deuoute reuerence
Loke ye do / youre humble obseruance
Debonairly / with due obedyence 94
Circumspectly / with euery circumstaunce
Of poort and chere / of goodly countenance
Eemembiynge wel the lorde / a boue is he
Whom to serue / is grettest liberte 98
Don't chatter,
but be silent, ami serve God.
[Leaf 3 a.] When you help the priest at Mass,
kneel or stand near him.
and answer hira in a moderate tone.
Minister reverently
and circum- spectly.
& not to nygh : jour tonge mvst be applyde To answere hjm w/t/i woyce moderate. Avyce you weft, my lytitt child, algate
92 ^ To mynyster with devout reverence ; loke ye do yowr hii»ible observaunce Debonerly wyth dewe obedyence, Circu??zs2jeetly with euery circuHistavnce 90 Of poort, & chere of goodly covntenavnce, Remembryng well the lorde a-bove ys he, whome to serve ys grettest lyberte.
Iff ill's Text.]
12
Tiiio oiiiKL tl;xt.
[15] \ nd whan ye spekc, luketli ii U'u iu the face ' Wyth sobrc chere and goodly semhlaunce ; Cast not youre eye asyde in odir place, 101
For that is a tokyn of 'wantowne inconstaunce, Which wolle appeyre youre name, and disauau/?ce ; The wyse man seyth, ' who hathe this signes thre Ne is not like a good man [for] to be — 105
[10] \fn hert,' he seyth, ' who that is inconstaunte,^ ■*■ A waveryng eye, glyddryng but sodenly From j)lace to place, and A fote '^ variaunte ■* That in no place abydeth stabuUy — Thes ben signes,' the wyse man seyth sekerly, ' Of suche a wyght as is vnmanerly nyce, And is full like dissposed be to vice.'
JIS. visage.
2 5IS. incoustauuce
JQg 3 MS. fore.
4 MS. Viiriauiice.
112
[17]
And wayte, my childe, whan ye stond at the table, Of souereyne or maister whether hit be, Applieth you [for] to be seruysable, 115
That no defaute in you may founde be ; Loke who doth best and hym envyeth ye, And specially vseth attendaunce, Whiche is to souereyne thyng of gret plesaunce. 119
^ And whan ye speke, loke men in tJie face [-H^i"'* ^ert.-i
100 wit/i sobre chere & goodly semblavnce ; Caste not eye a-side in no othere place, ffor that ys a token of a Avanton constavnce Avhich wilt apayre jouv name, & dysavance. 104 The wyse ma?i sayth, ' who hath these thjngis iij, ys not lyke a good man for to be :
% ' In herte,' he sayth, ' who that ys Incowstavnte, A waverynge eye, glydyng sodenly 108 ffro place to place, & a foote varyavnte that in no place a-bydyth stabli.
CAXTON S TKXT.
13
[1.5]
And wlian ye speke / loke men in the face
With sohre chere / ande goodly semblaunce
Caste not your eye a syde / in other place 101
For that is a token of wantouii inconsta«ce
Whiche Avil appeyre your name & disauance
The wise man saith who hath these thi^jgis thre
Is not lyke a goode man for to be 105
[16]
In herte he seith / who that is inconstante
A waueryng eye / glydyng sodeynly
Fro place to place / & a foot variaiite 108
That in no place / abydeth stably
These ben ])® signes / the wisema^ seith aikerly
Of suche a wight / as is vnmanerly nyce
And is ful likely disposid vnto vyce
[17]
Awayte my chylde / whan ye sta?zde atte table
Of maister or souerayn / whether it be
Applye you for to be seruysable
That no defaute in you founden be
Loke / who doth best / and hym ensiewe ye
And in especyal / vse ye attendaunce
Wherein ye shal your self best auaunce 119
When you speak to men, look 'em ill the face.
The Wise Man
says
[Leaf 3 6.]
an incoustant man with a wavering eye and a wandering foot
'■ i^ '^ will turn to vice.
When you serve at table,
i. lO be attentive and ndy.
specially to well- off men.
Thyse bene the thyng/s,' the Avysma?i sayth [«^'«'« ^'t^'-J sekerly, ' Off suche a wayghte that be vnmanerly nyce, 112 & be futt lykely dysposed vnto vyce.'
^ Awayte, my chyld, wliare ye stonde at table, Off mayster or soverayne yvhcfher yt be, Applye you for to be servysable 116 That no defawte in you fownden be ; loke who dothe best, & hym folow ye, & in especyatt vse ye attendavncc wheryn ye shalt youv selfc best avaunce.
14
THE ORIEL TEXT.
[18]
A [s] ye be comaundyd, so ye do algate, ■^ Beth not wyth-oute cause &om the tabid absent ; Hit is plesaunce vnto the gret astate 122
To se theyre saruaunt about them present ; Haunteth no halkes, for then ye woll be schent. Lette maner and INIesure be youre guydes twey, So shall ye best please, I dare well sey. 126
[19] "P e-warde all- way the loke and counteuaunce
ri
Of youre master, or of youre souereine,
Ther shall ye best preue what is plesaunce, 129
And what displesaunce ; this is the soth serteyne, The chere disciireth often tyme both twayne. And eke the chere may some tyme you addresse In thyng that langage may not Jjan expresse. 133
[20]
A nd what ye here there, loke ye kepe liit secre, •^^ Besy report of mystrust is chefi" norice ; Mekell langage may not all fautles be ;
Than doth, my childe, as teicheth you the wyse, Whiche vnto you this wysdome dothe devise, '_Here and see, be still in euery prees,' Passe forth youre way in silence and in pees.'
136
1 MS. 'in etiery place and in prees.' Place was to nave been the last word ; atid in prees was carelessly added, instead of strik- ing out place. — Sk.
120 ^ As ye be comavnded, so do ye algate ; be not cavseles fro the table absente ; yt ys a grete pleasure to the high estate ' To se his servaunttes abowte h.jm presente. 124 havnte no halke, for there ye wift be shente ; lette manere & mesure be jouv gydes twayne ; so shaft ye best please, I dare savely sayne.
% Reward also thy loke & contenavnce, 128 Off your master or of jgut soverayne,
so shalt ye best preve what ys his plesavnce or eWis his dysplesavnce : this ys sertaync,
[HilV s Text.}
[1 noble, lord.]
CAXTOXS TEXT.
15
[18]
As ye be comandede / so do ye algate
Be not causeles / fro the table absent
It is a grete plesure / to the hyghe estate 122
To see his seruantis aboute hym present
Haunte.no halke / for the?^ne ye "wil be shente
Lete nianer & mesure / be your gydes tweyne
So shal ye best plese / I dar sauely seyne
[19]
Rewarde also the loke ande contenaiince
Of your niaister / or of your souereyne
So shal ye best preue. what is his plesaiice
Or els displesaunce / this is soth serteyne
The chere discouerith / often bothe tweyne
And eke f® chere / somtyme may you addresse
In thiragis / ]j* lawgage may not them expresse 133
[20]
Ande that ye her loke / kepe alway secree
Besy reporte / of miscliief is chief noryse
JNIykyl langage / may not al fawtles bee 136
Thenne do my childe / as techeth you the wyse
T\naiclie vnto you / this lesson doth deuyse
Here and see / ande be stylle in euery prees
Passe forth your way in scilence & in pees 140
Don't absent yourself from table,
or stick yourself in a corner. Let Manners and Moderation guide 126 you.
[Leaf 4 a.] Look at your master's face; , _ _ that'll show Uy whether he's pleased or not.
Keep secret all vou hear.
Hear, see, and go your way.
The chere discovereth oftyn both[e] twayn, 132 & eke the chere sumtjine may yow addresse
In thyngi'.s the langage may not there expresse.
^ And that j^c here, loke ye kepe alway secre ; besy reporte, of myschefe ys chefe noryse ; 136 Mykytt langage may not alt fa"\\rtles be ;
Then do, my chyld, as techeth you the wyse wliiche vnto you this lessu?i doth devyce : hero & see, & be stylt in eue?y prees, 140 passe forthe yo?a" way in scilence & i?^ pees.
[HiWs Text:i
[ffl C Ixj, back-]
16 TUE ORIEL TEXT.
[21]
And j-it in Aventure ye, if the caase require. Ye most speke as hit may doo percace ; ' ' ms. precace.
Seuen condicions obserue as ye shall hire, 143
Avise you well what ye sey and in what place, Of whom, and to whom, in youre mynde compace ; Howe ye shall speke, and whan, taketh good hede, This counseilleth the wyse man wyth-outen drede.
[22]
Awa;^d;e, my childe, ye haue you manerly. Whan at youre mete ye sittyn at youre table ; In euery pres, in euery company, 150
Disposeth you to be so componable, That men may you reporte for comendable ; For tristeth well, vppon youre bering Men woll you blame or yeven you prey sing. 154
[23]
And printeth chiefly in youre memorie, For A principalle poynt of feire norture, Ye depraue no man absent especially ; 157
Seint Austyn Amonishith wyth besy cure, Howe at the table men shull them assure, That there escapeth them no suche langage. As myght turne other folke to disparage. 161
^ And yet in aduenture, yf the caas requyre, t^"'"* ^^^^-^
ye may speke, but ye must percaas Seven ' condvc^'ons observe, as ye may here ; [i six they are at
11 T, o ■ 1J.1 P- 358, Babees
144 Avyce ye welt what ye say, & m what place, g^,^^, ^f ti,f. wise Off whom, & to whom, in your mynd compace ; Man.] how ye shalt speke, & whan, take good hede : this cow[n]syled the wyse ma?i wrt/iowten drede.
148 A-wayte, my chyld, ye behaue you manerly wha?^ at jout mete ye sytte at the table ; In euery prees & In euery cu?npany
CAXTON S TEXT.
17
And yet in auenture / yf the caas require Ye may speke / but ye muste tlienne percaas Seuere condiczons o"bserue / as ye may now hyre Auyse you wel / what ye saye / & iu what place Of whom / & to whom in your mynde compace How ye shal speke / & whan take good hede This cowncelith the wise man witlioute drede
[22]
Awayte my chylde / ye be haue you manerly
Wlian at yoiu' mete / ye sitte at the table
In euery prees and in enerj company
Dispose you to be so compenable
That men may of you reporte for cowzme/idable
For trusteth wel / vpon your berynge
Men wil you blame or gjnie preysynge I
[23]
And prynte ye trewly yoiu' memorie For a princypal point of fair noreture Ye depraue no man absent especyally Sajmt austyn amonessheth with besy cure How men atte table / shold hem assure That there escape them / no suche langage As myght other folke hurte to disparage
If you must 143 speak,
observe the seven
conditions.
147
150
[Leaf 4 b.]
Wlien you're at meals,
be companionable
154
157 and don't run
down absent men. St Austin
IGl
Dyspose you to be so cumpenable 152 that me7i may of you reporte for co;«me?zdable ; ffor, trustyth wett, vpon jouy beryng Men "wait you blame or gyve p?*aysyng.
^ And prynte ye truly this in your memorye 156 for a pryncypaft poynt of fayer noretvre, ^Aat ye deprave no naati absente specyally. Saynt Austyne amonessheth with besy cure, howe men att table shulde them assure 160 tfiat ther escape thew no suche langage
As myght hurte or bryng folke to disparage.
[Hill's Text.]
18 THli OIUEL TEXT.
[24] rpiiis curteise clarke writetli in ryglit this "^vyse, -*- Eebukyng the vice of vile detracct'ou?? ; 'What man hit be that of custome and guise 164
Hurteth Avyth his toung Avyth foule covrosiouji The absent wight, for that abusiouM
Siiche detractoure [wayue] ^ from this table i a word lost.
As vn-Tvorthe, not to be reprocheable. 168
[25]
TTTlian ye sitten therfor at yoiire repaste, ^ ' Annoyethe no man present nor absent, But speketh feyre, for and ye make waste 171
Off [large] langage, for soth ye most be schent ; And wan ye speke, speketh wyth good entent Of maters appendyng to myrth and plesaunce, But nothyng that may causen men grenaunce. 175
[26]
T?schewe also taches of foule rauenyng, ■^ Of gredy Inst the vncurteyce appetite ; Pres not to sone to youre viaiinde, restraine 178
Youre handis a while wyth manerly respytte ; Fedith for necessite, not for delite,
Demeneth you in mete and drink soo sobrely, That ye be not infecte wyth gloteny. 182
^ This curteys clerke wryteth in this wyse, isuv$ Text.-\
Eebukyng the vyce of vyle detracczon : 1G4 what may yt be tliat of custum & gvyse hurteth w^t^ tonge or by fowle colusyon The absente / weyne ' ye for that abusyon [i gj. -^eyne]
Suche a detractowre from the table 168 As vn worthy & also reprocheable.
^ Whan ye sytte thet-iov at your repast, Annoye ye no man present nor absente, but speke ye fewe ; for yff ye make wast 172 of large langage, for soth ye must be shent.
caxton's text.
19
[24]
Tliis curtoys clerk / writeth in this wise
Eebukynge the vice / of vyle detraccion
"VVTiat man it be / that of custom & guyse 164
Hurteth with tunge / or by fonle colusion
Thabsente / weyue ye for that abusioii
Suche a detractour / from the table
As vnworthy / and also rcprochable
[25]
Whan ye sitte therfore at your repaste
Annoye ye noman presente nor absente
But speke ye fewe / for yf ye make waste
Of large langage / for sothe ye must be shent
And whan ye speke / speke ye with good entent
Of maters acordynge vnto plesance
But nothing / that may cause men greuaiice
[2G]
Eschewe also tacches of foule Eaueyne Of gredy luste / with vncurteys appetyte * Prece not to sone / fro yoiu" viand restreyne Your honde a wlule / with manerly respite Fede you for necessite / & not for delite Demene you with mete / & drynke so sobrely That ye not ben enfecte with glotony 182
I Or/'ff. appetyce.
rebukes the vice of detraction,
and bids you turn all backbiters from the table
168
[Leaf 5 a.] 171 Speak little.
and that pleasantly.
175
Don't be ravenous,
178 but keep your
hands from your food for a time.
& wha?^ ye speke // speke with good Intent Off maters accordyng vnto plesavnce, but no thjnge that may cavse me/z grevaunce.
1[ Eschewe also tacches of fowle ravayne, 177 of gredy luste ; with vncurteys appetyte
prece not to sone ; fro jouv vyande restrayne jour hand a while witJt manerly respyte ; 180 ffede you for necessyte, & not for delyte.
Demene you with mete & drynke so soberly That ye not be Infecte wyth glotony.
[.Hill's Text.'i
20
THE OIUEL TEXT.
189
[27]
T7nibre'we not youre vesselle ne youre cuppe ' -^ Oner mesiire and maner, but sane them clene ; Ensoyle not youre cuppe, but kepe bit clenely, Lete no fatte fertbyng of youre lippe be sen. For that is foule ; wotte you what I mene 1 Or than ye drincke, for youi'e owne honeste, Youre lippis wepe, and klenly loke they be.
[28]
T)lowe not in yoiire drincke ne in youre potage, ■^ l^e farsith not youre disshe to full of brede, Ne bere not youre knyf towarde youre vysage, For there-in is parell and mekell drede. Clawe not youre face ne touche not youre hede Wyth yoiu'e bare hande, sittyng at the table, For in norture that is reprouable.
[29]
T owse not youre gyrdyll syttjaig at youre table,'^ ■^ For that is a tache of vncurtesye, But and ye seme ye be enbrasyde streite, 199
Or than ye sitte amende hit secrely, So couertly that no "wyght hit espie.
Be ware also no breth from you rebounde Yppe ne downe, be ware that shamefuU sounde.
I sio. Read " iiapery."
185
192
196
2 Sic. Read " mete.'
^ Enbrewe not jour vesseft ne yo?/r naprye 184 over maner & mesure, but kepe them clene ; Ensoyle not joiiv cuppe, but kepe yt clenly, lete no farsyone on jouv lyppis be sene, ffor that ys fowle ; ye wott what I mene. 188 Or than ye drynke, for jout o"\vn honeste yowr lyppys wype, & clenly loke they be.
^ Blowe not in jouv drynke ne in jouv pottage, Ne ferce not your disshe to fuft of brede ; 192 bere not yowr knyf toward yowr vysage, ffor therjn. ys peryft & mykeft drede ;
mill's Text.^ [ffl C Ixij.]
caxton's text.
21
[27]
Enbrewe not your vessel / ne your naprye
Ouer maner & mesure / lout kepe hem clene
Ensoyle not your cuppe / but kepe it clenlye 185
Lete no fat farssine / on your lippes be sene
For that is fowle / ye wote what I mene
Or than ye drynke / for your owen honeste
Your lippes wype / and clenly loke they be 189
[28]
Blowe not in your driwke ne in your potage
Ne farse not your dishe to ful of brede
Bere not your knyf / to warde your visage
For therin is parelle / and mykyl drede
Clawe not your visage / touche not your hede
With your bare honde / sittyng atte table
For in nortujre / suche thing is reprouable 196
[29]
Lose not your gyrdel / sittyng at your mete
For that is a tacche / of vncurtesye
But yf ye seme / ye be embraced streite
Or then ye sytte / amende it secretly
So couertly that no wight you espye
Beware also / no breth fro you rebounde
Vp ne doun / leste ye were shameful founde 203
Don't dirty your cloth or cup.
Wipe your lips before you drink.
[Leaf 5 b.] Don't blow on your food,
192 °'" P^' y°'"' '^"'fs to your face,
or soratcU it or your head.
Don't undo your girdle at table ;
1 qq if it's tight, let it out before you sit down.
Don't break wind up or down.
Clawe not jouv visage, tovche not jouv hede -with JOUV bare honde syttyng at tlm table, 196 ffor in norture suche thyng/s be reproveable.
^ Lose not yo2<r gyrdyft syttyng at jout mete, ffor that is a tache of vncurtesye ; but yff ye seme ye be enbrased streyte, 200 or than ye sytte, amend yt secretly So wysely th&i no wyght you aspye. be ware also no breth fro you rebownd Vp ne downe, lest ye were shamfutt fownd. 3
\mlVs Text.}
23 IIW ORIEL TEXT.
[30] "Detli liuste in chambre, client in the hallo, -*^ Herkenyth well, yeueth good audience ; Yef vsher or marchall for eny romour calle, 206
Putting langiers to rebuke and cilence, Beth niylde of langage, demure of eloquence ; Enforcith you to them confourmyde be. That can most good and haue humanyte. 210
[31]
rTouche not wytli mete salt in the saler,
Lest folke Appoynt you of vncunnyngnesse, Dresse hit apparte vppon a clene tranchere ; 213
Force not youre mouth to fulle for wantannesse, Lene not vppon the table, that is but rudesse, And yf I shall to you so playnly say, Ouer the table ye shidl not spette convey 217
[32]
T^if ye be seruid Avyth metis delicate,
Departith wyth youre feUowys in gentyl wyse, The clarke seith, ' nature is content and saciate 220 Wyth meane diete, and lytill shall suffice.' Departyth therfore, as I to you devise ; Engrosith not vnto youre silven all, For gentilnesse will ay be lyberall. 224
^ Be ye husht in chambre, scylente in haft ; f^Huis Texa
205 herkyn weft, & geve good audyence
yff vssliar or marchaft for any rvmowre caft ; putt ye yanglers to rebuke for scilence. 208 Be ye my Id of la7?gage, demvre of eloquence ; Enforce you vnto hy?^ co?2formed to be that can most good, & hathe humanyte.
% Towch not w/tA jour mete salte in the saler, 212 leest folke apoynte jou of viico/m^mgncsse ; Dresse yt aparte vpon a clene trenshere. ffarste not yowr movth to fuft for wantonesse ;
CAXTON S TEXr.
23
[30]
Be ye htisht in chambre / scylent in halle
Herken wel ande gjiie goode audience
Yf vsslier or marchal for ony Euniour calle
Put ye langlers to rebuke for silence
Be je mylde of langage / demure of eloque?ice
Enforce you vnto bym conformed to be
That can moste good / ande hatli humanyte
[31]
Touche not with your mete / salt in the saler Lest folk apoynte you of vnconnyngnesse Dresse it aparte / vpon a clene trencher Farse not yoiu' mouth to ful / for wawtonesse Lene not vpon the table / for that rude is And yi I shal to you playnly saye Ouer the table / ye shal not spetel conueye
[32]
Tef ye be serued / with metes delicate Departe with your felowe / in gentil vnse The clerck saith / nature is conte?it & saciate With mene diete / and litil shall suffyse Departe therfore / as I you deuyse Engrose not / vnto your self alle For gentilnes / wil aye be liberalle
Be silent,
206
and put chatterers to rebuke.
210
Imitate him who has humanity.
213
[Leaf 6 a.] Don't (Up your meat in the saltcellar,
lean on the table,
217 01" spit over it.
Share dainties with your iellows:
220
f),') ( gentleness is ■^'•^* Uberal.
216
220
224
lene not on the table, for that rvde ys ; & yff I shaft to you playnly saye, over the table ye shaft not speteft co??veye.
% Yff ye be sej-vede ■with metis delycate,
Departe -with yowr felawe in gentift vryse ; the clerke sejiih, ' nature ys co?;tent & sacyate with mene dyete, & lytift shaft suffyce ;' Departe therfor, as I you devyce, Engrose not vnto yowre selfe aft, ffor gentylnessc wift ay be lyberatt. ■3 *
{.Bill's Texl.1
24 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[33]
A nd wan pe>'cace youre seruice is not large, -^ Grucchith not wyth frownyng counteuaunce, Ne maketli not tlier-of to mekell charge, 227
Disposeth you to goodly sufferaunce, And what ye haue, take hit for suffisaunce ;
Holde you pleased wyth that god hath you sent,
He hath Inough ' that can hold hym content. 231 » ms. inought.
[34]
Burnysh no bonys wyth youre tethe, be ware, That houndis tecche fayleth of curtesie ; But wyth youre knyff make the bonys bare ; 234
Handell youre mete so well and so clenly, That ye offenden not the company
Where ye be sette, as ferre-forth as ye can ; Eemembre well that mane?- maketh man. 238
[35]
A nd whan your teeth shall cutte youre mete small, -^ Wyth open mouth be Avare that ye not ete, But loke youre lippis be closede as a wall, 241
Whan to & 2 fro ye trauers youre mete ; "^ ^s. a.
Kepe you so close that men haue no conceite To seyn of you langage of vilonye, Be cause ye ete youre mete vnma[ne]rly. 245
\ And whan percaas yo«r servyce ys not large, f-f'^'"'* ^«»^«]
Groge not wiih frownyuge covntenavnce, Ne make ther of not to mykyft charge ; 228 Dyspose you to goodly suffravnce,
& what ye haue, take yt in suffysavnce ; be you plesid wrtA suche as god hath you sent ; he hath ynowgh fat can hold hy»i co?itente.
232 Burnysshe no bonys w/t7« yo?a' tcth, be ware, [flicixij back.]
Suche hownd/s tacches fallen of vncurtesye, but wiili yowr knyfe make the bonys bare. Handle yo«r mete so welt & so clenly
CAXTOX S TEXT.
25
[33]
And whan percaas your seruise is not large
Gruccheth not / with frownyng contenawnce
ISTe make therof / not to mykyl charge 227
Dispose you to goodly suifra^nice
And what ye haue / take it in sufFysa^mce
Be ye plesid with suche as god hath you sent
He hath ynough / that can holde hym content 231
[34]
Burnysshe no bones / with your teth / beware
Suche houndis tacches / falle of vncurtesye
But with your knyf / make the bones bare 234
Handle your mete / so wel and so clenly
That ye offende not the company
Where ye be sette / as ferforth as ye can
Remembryng wel / that manners make man 238
[35]
Ande whan that / ye ete your mete smalle
With open mouth / beware ye not ete
But loke your lippes / be closed as a waUe 241
Whan to ande fro / ye trauerse j^our mete
Kepe you so cloos / that men haue no co«seite
To say of you / ony langage or vilonye
Bicause ye ete your mete / vnmanerly 245
If your helping is not large, don't grumble,
but be content.
[Leaf 6 6.] Don't burnish bones with your teeth.
Handle your food cleanly,
for Manners make
Eat with your lips closed
236 That ye offende not the company
wher ye be sette, as ferforthe as ye can, Reme»^bryng weft that maners make man.
% And whan that ye ete your mete smaft, 240 -with open mo-\vth be ware ye not ete,
but loke / your lyppes be closed as a waft ; whaw to & fro ye traverse youv mete, kepe you so cloos that men haue no conceyte 244 To saye of you any langage or vjdonyc by cavse ye ete yo«r mete so vnmanerly.
[Hill's Text.^
26
THK ORIEL TEXT.
[36] "He ware, my child, of laugliiug oner mesure,
Ye sliall not Also at the horde youre iiaylis pare, Ne pike not yoiire teth wyth youre knyff, I you ensure, Ete at youre masse, and odir folkes spare ; 249
A glottou?^ can hut make dissches bare, And of Inough he taketh neue/- hede, He fedith for lust more than ' he doth for nedo. ' ms. that.
[37]
A nd whan the horde is then [as] of se^-uice, 253
-^ ISTot replenyshide wyth gret diuercite. Of mete and drincke good chere may than suffice, Hit is A signe of gret humanite, 256
Wyth gladsom chere than fulsom for to he ; The poet seyth howe that the poure horde Men may encrese wyth cherefull wille and worde.
[38]
A nd 0 thing, my cliilde, I warne you vndu-stonde, ^ Specially for youre OAvne honeste, In the water wasschith so clene youre hande, 262
That youre towell neuer ensoyled he So foule that hit he lothely vnto se ;
"Wasschith wyth watire till youre handis he clene, And in youre clothe ther shall no spotte he sene.
•[[ Beware, my chyld, of laughynge ouer mesure ; [suvs Text] Ne at the horde ye shaft no nayles pare, 248 Ne pyke yo?<rteth w^'t7i knyf, I j'-ou ensure. Ete at jouv messe, & othere folk/*' spare ; A gloton ca)i but make the bonys bare, & of ynowgh he takyth nevere hede, 252 he ffedyth more for lust than for nede.
% And wha?i the horde ys thyn as of servjce, Nowght replenysshed with gret dyversite of mete & drynke, gud chere may thim suffice, 256 with honest talkyng ; & also owght ye
CAXTON S TEXT.
27
[:3G] Beware my childe / of laughyng oner mesure 'Ne at tke borde / ye shall no naylis pare Ne pyke your teth / with knyf / I you ensure Ete at your messe / and other folkes spare A gloton can but make the bones bare Ande of ynough / he taketh neuer hedi; He fedith more for lust / than for nedc
[37]
And whan Jj® borde is thynne / as of seruyse iS'ought replenesshed with grete diuersite Of mete & dri/zke good chere may then suffise With honest talkyng / and also ought ye With giadsom chere / thenne fulsom for to be The poete saith / hou that a poure borde Men may enriche / with cheerful wil & worde
[38]-
And one thyng my chylde / ye vnderstonde In especyalle / for your owne honeste In the water / wasshe so clene your honde That your towel / neuer enfoyled be So fowle / that it be lothsom on to see Wasshe with water / your hondes so cleene That in the towel shal no spotte be sene
Don't pare your nails at table, or 24b pick your teeth with a knife.
252
[Leaf 7 a.] When there are not many dishes,
255 be satisfied with chatting cheerily.
25^
262 Wash your hands clean in the water, so as to leave no dirt on your towel.
266
■with gladsu?w chere then fulsome for to be : The poete seyth hoAV that ' a powre bordo 259 Me7i may eniyche w/t7i cherfutt witt & worde.'
^ And on thyng, my child, ye vnderstond, In especyatt for youv own honeste : In the wate^' wasshe so clene yowr bond that your toweft never ensoyled be 264 So fowle that yt be lothsome on to see ; wassho with water join hondis so clene that in the to\vett shaft no spote bo sene.
[lliWs Text.]
28 THE OKIEL TEXT.
[39]
T eue not youre spone iu youre dissclie standyng, -^ Nq vppon the brede hit shall not lie ; Lette youre trencboure be clene for eny thj^ng, 269
Yif ye bane no cbaunge, yit as honestly As ye can, maketh avoydie,
So that no fragment from youre trencboure falle ; Do this, my cliilde, in chambre and in halle. 273
[40]
TIThan i^other speketb at the table, ' ' Be ware ye interrupte ' not is tale nor langage, ' ms. cormptiy
o o J ■f^g^ nattiripte.
For that is a thing discommendable, 276
And hit is no signe of folkes sage
To ben of wordis besy and outrage ;
For the wyse man seyth pleinly in sentence,
' He shall be wyse that yevith Audience.' 280
[41]
Tlndre-stondeth ther-fore or than ye speke, ' Printyng in youre mynde clerely the sentence, He that vseth A mannes tale to breke 283
Lettyth vncurtesly the Audience, And hurtjiih hym-sylf for lacke of silence ; He may not yeue answere convenyent That herith not fynally what is ment. 287
^ lete not joux spone in joure disshe stond, [^'«'« Text.}
268 JSTe vpon the table yt shuld not lye ;
lete joiix trenchowre be clene for any thyng, & yf ye haue, change jet as honestly As ye can ; make avoyde manerly 272 So /7?at no fragme?it fro youx trewchere fait : Do thus, my child, in cbambere & i7i halt.
% And wha?i a-nother man spekyth at the table, be ware ye interrupte not his langage, 276 for that ys a thyng on-comendable, & yt ys not no signe of folk?V<; sage
CAXTON S TEXT.
29
[39]
Lete not yoiir spone / in your disslie stonding
'Ne vpon the table / it shold not lye
Lete your trenchoux / be clene for ony tbing
And yf ye haue change / yet as honestly
As ye can / make a voyde manerly
So that no fragment / fro your tre?icher falle
Do thus my cliilde / in cbambre & in halle
[40]
And "whan another man / spekith atte table Beware ye enterrupte not / his langage For that is a thinge discomendable Ande it is no signe of folkes sage To be of langage / besy ande outrage For the wyse man saide / in his sentence He sholde be -svyse / that gyueth audience
■ [41] Vnderstonde therfore or than ye speke Prynte in your mynde / clerly the sentence "Who that vsith / a mannes tale to breke Letteth vncurteysly / alle the audyence Ande hurteth hym self / for lack of science He may not gyue answere conuenyente That herith not fynally / what is mente
269
Don't leave your spoon in your dish or on tlio table. Keep your trencher clean.
273
[Leaf 7 b.] Don't interrupt man in his t^Uk.
276
280
Before you speak, settle in your mind what you ejQO have to say.
287
IHill's Text.']
280
To be of langage besy & owtrage ; ffor the wyse sayd in his sentence
' he shuld be hold [& be wysej' thai gevyth i;,J:!;,;;f,[;:f ' audyence.'
«|[ Vnderstond theriov or than ye speke ;
prjTit 171 jouT mynde clerly the sentence ; who that vsyth a ma??ys tale to breke, 284 lettyth vncurteysly aft the audyence
And hurteth hjm self for lake of scyence ; he maye not geve answere cowvenyente that heryth not fynally what ys mente.
[ffl C Ixiij.]
30
THE ORIEL TEXT,
A
[42] 'De ^ya^e Also, my chikle, of rehersaille ^ Of materis wliiche ben at the table mevide ; Hit gre-\dtli ofte and dothe men disavaylle, 290
Full many a man that vice hath mysschevide, Of evill thyng saide is wors often contrivide ; Suche reportis alway loke ye esschewe, As may of olde frendis make enemyes newe. 294
[43]
vise you well whan ye take yonre disporte,
Honest games that ye haunte and vse, And suche as ben of violente reporte, 297
I counsell you, my childe, that ye refuse ; For trustith well ye shall nout you excuse
From berchely fest, yef I may you aspie
Playng at ' eny game of rebaudie. 301 ' MS. or.
[44]
ytt is to A goodly childe well syttyng, ■*■ To vse disportis of myrth and plesaunce, To harpe and lute, or lustely to ajng, 304
And in the pres ryght manerly to daunce ; When men se A childe of suche gouernaunce, They seyn, ' gladde may this [childes] frendis be To haue a sone soo manerly as he.' 308
^ But beware, my child, also of rehersayle ibuvs Textj
289 Olf maters whiche be at the table meved :
It greweth • ofte, & doth me?? dysavayle ; [' The Uue is over
ffutt many a ma?z that vyce hathe myscheved ; 292 Off evyit thynke sayd, ys worse co^ztryved ; Suche reportes alwaye, my child, eschewe. As may of olde frendz's make enmyes newe.
^ Avyse you weft whaw ye take jouv dysporte, 296 honeste games tJiat ye hawnt & vse; & siiche as bene of vyleyns report, I cownselt you, my child, that ye refuse;
the th.]
CAXTOX S TEXT.
31
[42]
But beware- my childe / also of rehersaylle Of maters / whiche ben atte table meuide It greuith ofte / ande doth men disauayle Ful many a man / ])' vice hath myschenide Of euyl thinge saide / is "werse contryuide Suche reportis / alway my childe eschewo As may of olde fre/«dis / make enemyes newe
[43]
Aduise you wel whan ye take your disporte Honest games / that ye haunte ande vse And suche as ben of vjdayns reporte I counceyl you my chyld / that ye refuse For truste ye wel / ye shal you not excuse From brecheles feste / and I may you espye Playnge at ony game of Eybawdrye
[44]
It is to a godly chyld wel sjiitynge To vse disportes of mjTthe & plesaiice To harpe or lute / or lustely to synge Or in the prees right manerly to daunce "\Ylian men se a chyld of suche gouernance They saye / glad may this chyldis fre?^dis be To haue a chylde / so manerly as is he
Dou't repeat what you hear at table.
290
294
[leaf 8 a.] Play only at proper games.
297
301
304 You should harp, luto, sing, or d.nce.
308
fifor truste ye welt ye shaft you not excuse 300 ffi'om brecheles feste, & I may you espye Playenge at any game of rebawdrye.
^ Ytt ys to a goodly child weft syttyng To vse dysportes of myrth & plesavnce, 304 to harpe, to lute, or lustjdy to synge,
Or in the prees right manerly to davnce. wha?? m.G7i se a child of suche governavnce, tJiei saye, ' glade may fliis child/^' frendys be 308 To haue a child so manerly as ys he.'
mai's Text.]
32
THE ORIEL TEXT.
[45] Tj^xersice youre-selfe also in reclyng -^ Of bokys enoui'nede wytli eloquence ; Ther shall ye fynde both plesaunce and lernyng, 311 And so ye may in eue;y good j)resence Some [what] fynde and see as in sentence, That shall accorde the tyme to ocupie, That ye not nede to stondyn idelie. 315
[4G]
Ttt • is fare to be cominycatyfe -■- In matires vnto purpoos according, So that a wight sume not excessyfe, Tor trusteth well, hit is tedious thyng For to here a childe multiplie talkyng, Yif hit be not to the purpose applied, And also -svyth goodly termys aleyde.
[47] "P edith Gower in his writyng moralle, ^^ Tliat anncient faders memorie, Eedith his bokis clepide ' confessionalle,' 325
Wyth many anodir vertuous tretie, Eull of sentence sette so frutuously.
That them to rede shall yeue you corage,
So is he fulle of sentence and langage. 329
I MS. lit
318
322
^ Excersyse also jouv selfe in redyng Off bokes enorned with eloquence, ther shaft ye fynde both plesyre & lernynge, 312 so that ye may in eue?y good presence Some-what fynde as in sentence ^7iat shaft accorde the tyme to occupye, That ye not nede to stonde ydellye,
^ It ys fayer to be comynycatyfe 317 In maters vnto purpose accordyng, So that a wyghte seme exersyfe ; fifor trustyth weft yt ys a tedyovs thyng
IRill's Text.]
CAXTON s tp:xt.
33
[45]
Excersise your seK also in redynge
Of bookes enornede "with eloquence
Ther shal ye fynde / bothe plesir & lernynge
So that ye may / in euery good presence
Somwhat fynde / as in sentence
That shal acorde / the tyme to ocupy
That ye not nede / to stonden ydelly
[46]
It is fayr / for to be comynycatyf
In maters vnto purpose acordynge
So that a wyght seme excersyf
For trusteth wel / it is a tedyous thynge
For to here a chylde / multeplye talkyng
Yf it be not to the purpose applyede
Ande also with / goodly termys alyede
• [47] Redeth gower in his wrytynge moralle That auncyent ^ fader of memorye Eedeth his bookes / callede confessional] e With many another vertuous trayttye Ful of sentence / set ful fructuosly That hym to rede / shal gyue you corage He is so ful of fruyt. sente?jce and langage
Practise reading of eloquent books.
311
315
[Leaf 8 6.] It is right to talli pertinently,
318
but a bore if tlie talk is irrelevant.
322
Read Gower's 1 Orig. anucyent.
325 t'oryfesio A mentis.
329
320 ffor to here a child multyply talkyng yf yt be not to the purpose apply ed, & also with goodly termes alyed.
% Eedyth gover in his wrytyng moratt, 324 That Auncyente ffader of memorye,
Eedyth his bookes called cowfessyonalt, vfith many a-nothere vertuvs tretye ffuft of sentence sett fuft fructvously, 328 That hym to rede shaft geve you covrage, he ys so fult of frute, sentence, & langage.
ISUl's Text.]
34
THE ORIEL TEXT.
[48] A Fader and Founder of eternate eloquence, " That eluminede all this oure britaigne ; To sone we lost his lauriate presence, 332
0 lusty licoare of that fulsome fountaigne ; Cui'sed deth, why hast thou tliis poete slayne, I mene Fadir chancers, niastir Galfride ? Alias ! the while, that euer he from vs diede. 336
[49] p edith his hokys fulle of all plesaunce, ^^ Clere in sentence, in longage excellent, Brefly to wryte suche was his suffesaunce, 339
What-euer to sey he toke in his entent, His longage was so feyre and pertinent, Tliat semed vnto mennys heryng, 'Not ' only the worde, hut verrely the tiling. 343 ' ms. But
[50]
"P edith, my child, redith Ms warkys all, -*-*' Refuseth non, they ben expedient ; Sentence or langage, or both, fynde ye shall 346
Full delectable, for that fader ment Of all his purpos and his hole entent Howe to plese in euery audience. And in oure tou/ig was well of eloquence. 350
^ 0 fader & fownder of ornate eloquence ihhis Textj
thai Illumyned hast att owre bretayne ! [ffl c isiij back.]
332 To sone we loste thy lavreat science,
0 lusty lyqvovre of thai fulsu??;. fontayne ! 0 cursed deth ! why hast thow thai poete slayne, I mene fader chavucer, mayste?' galfryde 1 336 Alas thQ while thai ever he from vs dyed !
^ Eedyth his werkes futt of plesavnce,
Clere in sentence, \n langage excellente :
Bryefly to A\Tyte, such was his sufFysavnce,
340 Wliat-evere to say he toke in his entente,
CAXTON S TEXT.
35
[48]
O fader and founder of ornate eloquence That enhimened hast alle our bretayne To soone ^ye loste / thy haureate scyence 0 lustj^ lyquoui / of that fulsom fontayne
0 cursid deth / why hast thou ]?* poete slayne
1 mene fader chancer / maister galfryde Alas the whyle / that euer he from vs dyde
[49]
Redith his werkis / ful of plesaunce Clere in sentence / in langage excellent Briefly to wryte / suche was his sufiysance Wliat euer to saye / he toke in his entente His langage was so fayr and pertynente It semeth vnto mannys heerynge Not only the worde / hut verely the thynge
[50]
Eedeth my chylde / redeth his hookes alle Refuseth none / they ben expedyente Sentence or langage / or bothe fynde ye shalle Ful delectable / for that good fader mente Of al his purpose / and his hole entente How to plese in euery audyence And in our tunge / was welle of eloquence
and the Father and Founder of Eloquence,
332 [Leaf] 63, back.]
336
mayster Galfryde Chawcer,
[Leaf 9 a.) whose works are full of pleasaunce,
339
whose language
seems not only words, but truly 343 things.
Read all his books; refuse none :
346
he is delightful.
350
his langage was so fayere & pertynente, yt semeth vnto manys heryng 343 Not only the worde, but veryly the thyng.
^ Redyth, my child, redyth his bookes alt, Refusith JSTon, they ben expedyente ; sentence or langage, both fynd ye shatt ; ffuft delectable that good fader mente, 348 for aft his purpose & liis hole entente
[was] how to please in euery audyence, & In owre tonge was weft of Eloquence.
imil's Text.]
3G
THE DIUEL TEXT.
[51] T^eholde Oclyff in his translac^'on,
D
In goodly langage and sentence passing wyse,
Yevyng the prince suche exortacion 353
As to his highnesse he cotide best devyse. Of troiith, peace, of mercy, and of lustice, And odir vertuys, sparing for no slouthe To don his devere, and quiten hym, as trouth 357
[52]
"P equired hym, anenste his souereyne, ■^^ Most dradde and louyd, whos excellent highnesse He aduertysede by his writing playne, 360
To vertue perteynyng to the nobles Of a prince, and berith wyttenesse His trety entitlede ' of regyment,' Compyled of most entier true entent. 364
[53]
T oketh Also vppon dan lohn lidgate, ■'^ My mastire, whilome clepid monke of bury, Worthy to be renownede laureate, 367
I pray to gode, in blis his soule be mery, Synging ' Eex Splendens,' the heuenly ' kery,' Among the muses ix celestiall, Afore the hieghest lubiter of all. 371
^ Behold Ocklyf in his transslac/on,^
352
356
In goodly langage & se?^tence passyng wyse howe he gewyth his -prmce such exortac?'on As to the hyeste he covld best devyse Off troAvth / pees / m^^rcy / & lustyse,
& vertu, lettyng for no slowth
To do his devoyi'e & qvyte hym his trowth.
^ Eequyre hy??^ As Agaynst his soverayne,
moste Drade & loved, whose excellent hyenes 360 he advertysed by his wi^tyng playne To vertu ape?'teynyng to nobles
{.Hill's Text.'i [I transflacionl
CAXTON S TEXT.
37
[51]
Beholde Ocklyf in liis translacion
In goodly langage / & sentence passyng wyse
How lie gyueth his prynce / suche exortacfon
As to the hyest / he coude best deuyse
Of trouthe. pees, mercy, and lustise
And vertues / leetyng for no slouthe
To do his deuoir & quite him of his trouthe
[52]
Eequirede hym / as ayenst his souerayne Most drade & louyde / wos excellent hyeues He aduertysede / by his wrytynge playne To vertu / apperteynyng to nobles Of a prynce / as bereth goode witnes His traytye / entitlede of regymente Compylede of entyer trewe entente
[53]
Loke also / vpon dan lohn lydgate My maister whylome / monke of berye "Worthy to be renomede / as j^oete laureate I praye to gode in blysse his soule be mercy Syngynge Eex splendens that heuenly kyrye Amonge the muses nyne celestyalle Byfore the hyest lubyter of alle
Read Ocolevctoo,
353 "^ho gave his
Prince such wise advice
357
364
367
371
[Leaf9fc.J
360
in his treatise De Resiimine Principum.
Jolin Lydgate, too, my master.
(I pray God his soul is singing Rex splendens
Off a pn'nce, as berytfi god wytnes,
hys treatye entytled of regemente,
364 Compyled of entyer trewe entente,
^ Loke also than vpon lohan lydgate, My mayrster, whylom monke of bury, worthy to be renomed As poetje lavreate ; 368 I pray to god in blysse his sowle be mery,
Syngyng / Rex splendens / ihat hevenly Kyrye, Amonge the, mvses nyne celestyatt be-fore the hyghest lubyter of alt,
IHilVs Text.]
38 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[54]
I not why deth my mastire dide envie, But for he sliulde chaunge his habite ; Pety hit is that siiclie a man shulde die ! 374
But nowe I trist he be a carmylite ; His amyse blacke is chaimged into white, Among the muses ix celestiall, Afore the hieghest lubiter of all ; 378
[55]
Passing the muses all of elicone, Where is ynympariable of Armonye, Thedir I trist my mastir-is soule is gone, 381
The sterrede palays aboue dapplede skye, Ther to syng ' sanctus ' incessantly Among the muses ix celestiall, Affore the highest lubiter of all. 385
[56]
Eeditli is volumes that ben so large and wyde, Souereynly sitte in sadnesse of sentence, Elumynede vryih. colouris fresshe on euery syde, Hit passitb my wytte, I haue no eloquence To yeue hym lawde aftir his excellence, For I dare say he lefte hym not on lyue, That coude his cuwnyng suffisantly discreue. 39
388
372 [Omitted. See Preface, p. ii.]
[Hill's Text.]
376
^ Passyng the mvses nyne of elycon, 380 Wher ys no pareytt of Armonye ;
Thyder I trust my Maysters soAvle be gon, The sterred paleys above the dappled skye,
caxton's text.
39
[54] [Omitted. See Preface, p. ii.]
374
378
[55]
Passynge the muses iiyne of Elycoii Where is non pareyl of armonye Thider I truste my meistres soule begone The sterride paleys / aboue the dapplyd skye There to synge sanctus incessantly Amonge the muses ix celestyalle Byfore the hyest / lubiter of alle
[56]
Eedeth his volumes / that ben large & A\^de Seueryly set / in sadnes of sentence Enlumyned with colours fressh on euery side Me lacketh "witte / I haue none eloquence To gyue hym lawde / after his excellence For I dar saye / he lefte hym not a lyue That coude his co??nyng / sufficiently discriue
381 >" the starred
palace above the dappled sky, before the
385 Wghest
Jupiter of all.)
[Leaf 10 (t.] Read his large volumes
388
illuminated with fresh colours.
392
Ther to syng sanctus insessavntly ^'-'■^'^ ^^-^'-J
384 Emonge the mvses nyne celestyafl", Before the hyeste lubyter of aft.
% Eedyth hys volumes that be large & wyde, Severyly sette in sadnes of sentence, 388 Enluinined with colovres fresshe on euery side. [(" c uiiij] Me lakketh vryit, I haue non eloquence. To geve hy??^ lawde after his excellence, ffor I dare saye he lefte hym not alyve 392 That covde his cunyng ssufficiently discryve. 4 *
40 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[57]
T)ut his werkys his laude moste nede conquere, -^ He may neuer oute of remembrance die,
His ^ye^kys shall his [name '] conuey and here 395 ' ^I^^^.'-'p"^'
Aboute the world all-most eternallie ; Lette his owne werkys prayse hym and magnifie ; I dare not preyse, for fere that I offende, My lewde langage shuld rather appeyre than amend.
[58]
Lo, my childe, thes good faders Auncient Eepide the feldis fresshe of fulsumnesse. The floures feyre they gadderid vp and hent, 402
Of siluereus langage the tresoure and richesse ; Who wolle hit haue, my litle childe, doutelesse Must of hem begge, ther is no more to say, For of onre tonng they were bothe locke and key.
[59]
There can no man there fames nowe disteyne, Thanbawmede tonng and aureate sentence, Men gette hit nowe by cantelmele, and gleyne 409
Here and there wyth besy diligence. And fayne wolde riche the crafte of eloquence ; But be the glaynes is hit often sene, In whois feldis they glayned haue and bene. 413
^ But his werkes his lavde must nede co?jquere ; [^i"'« Text.]
thei may never owt of remembravnce dye ; hys werkes shatt liis name co?iveye & here 396 Abowte the world abnoste eternelly.
lete his owne werk/s prayse hy??i, & magnyfye; I dare not prayse, leest for fere I offende ; My langage shuld rathere apayere than amend.
% Loo, my child, this faders avncyente 401 Eepen ^^e fyldes flfresshe of fulsomnes ;
the iiowres fresshe thei gadered vp, & hente. Off syluer langage the greate ryches
CAXTON S TEXT.
\l
[57]
But his werkis / his laude / must nedc conqueva
They may neuer / out of remembrauuce dye
His werkis shal fiis name conueye & here
Ahoute the worlde / abnost eternely
Lete his owen werkis preyse hym & magnefie
I dar not preyse / for fere lest I oflfende
My lawgage / shold rather apeyre than amende
[58]
Loo my childe / these faders auncyente Repen the feldes fresshe of fulsomnes The flours fresh they gadred vp & hente Of siluer langage / the grete riches Who wil it haue my lityl childe doutles Muste of hem begge / ther is no more to saye For of our tunge / they were both lok & kaye
[59]
Ther can noman now her werkis disteyne
The enbamed tunge / and aureate sentence
Men gete it now / by cantelmele & gleyne
Here and there by besy diligence
And fa;yTie wold reche / her craft of eloquence
And by the gleyne / it is ful oft sene
In whos felde / the gleyners haue bene
His works
395 shall bear his name about the world almost eternally.
399
[Leaf 10 6.] These ancient fathers reaped the fields, 402 ^^^ gathered the flowers. He who wants silver words must beg of them.
406
409 ^"^'^ ^^ °"'y
glean,
and by the gleaning one sees in whose fields the
A-in gleaners have
^ A " been.
404 wlio wilt yt haue, my cliild, dowtles
Muste of the??i bege : there ys no more to saye, ffor of owre tonge thei were both loke & keye ;
^ Ther care no mare ther werkes dysteyne : '108 The enbamed tonge & avreat sentence, Men gete yt now by cantelmele, & glene here & there by besy delygence, & fayne wold reche ther crafte of eloqvence ; 412 & by the gleyne ytt ys futt ofte sene In whose fylde the glencrs haue bene.
[Hill's Text.]
42 THE ORIKFi TKXT.
[GO]
A s vnto me Age hath bede good morowe, ■^-^ I am not able clenly for to gleyne, Xature is fejTie of crafte here eien to borowe, 416
Me fayleth clerenesse of myn eien tweyne ; Begge I may, I can no gleyn certeyn,
Ther-for that werke I wolle playnly remytte
To foike yong, more persaunt clere of wytte. 420
[61]
A nd syke also, and in case ye fynde -^ Suche gleynes fresch as hath some apparence Of fayre langage, yet take them and vnbynde, 423
And preueth what they beth in existence, Coloured in langage, savory in sentence, And dou[te]th not, my childe, wythoute drede, Hit woll profite such thyng to se and rede. 427
[62]
"yit eft-sonnys, my childe, let vs resorte -*- To the intente of oure fyrst matiere Digresside, somwhat fulle we Avolld reporte, 430
And renyne the laAvde of them that were Founders of oure langage, thilke fadyrs dere, Who-is soulis god [aboue] in b[l]esse inhaunce That lusten so oure langage to Avaunce. 434
% And vnto my age bot good morowe {huvs Text.}
I am not able clerly for to gleyne, 416 Kature ys iajne of crafte her eyen to borow ; Me lakketh clernes of myne eyen twajTie ; Begge I may / gleyne I may not ce/'teyne ; theriove thai werke I wilt playnly remytte 420 To folk'is yong, more passyng clere of wyte.
^ Seche ye therioxB, & in caas ye fynde
suche gJenars fresslie as haue sum apparent Off fayer la??gage, yet take the/??, & vnbynde, 424 & preve ye what thei be in existence
CAXTON S TEXT.
43
[60]
And vnto me / age hath bode good morowe
I am not able clenly / for to gleyne ^ cannot glean,
Nature is fayfi of craft / her eyen to borowe 416
Me lacketh clerenes / of myn eyen tweyne
Begge I maye / gleyne I can not certeyne i can only beg:
Therfore Jj* werck / I wil playnly remytte gleaning i give
To folkis yong / more passyng clere of witte
[61]
Seche ye therfore / and in caas ye fynde Such gleynors fressh as haue soiii appare/ice Of fayr langage / yet take hem & vnbynde And preue ye / what they be in existence Colourd in langage / sauerly in sentence And doubte not my childe / withoute drede It wil prouffite to see suche thingis & red[e] '
[62]
Yet eft sones my childe / lete vs resorte To thentente of yiu" fii'st matere
Degressed somwhat / for we wold reporte 430
And reuiue the laude of hem that were Famous in our langage / these faders dere Whos sowles in blysse / god eternel auaMnce That lysten so our langage to enhaunce 434
1 A hole in the paper.
J. 90 up to younger *•"" folks.
If you find such gleaners,
423 unbind their sheaves :
their fair speech
427 will profit yon.
[Leaf 11 a.] But let us return to our first subject.
Colovred hi langage, saverly i?i sentence, & dowte not, my child, w/t^-owl drede 427 yt wilt profet to se such thjngii, & rede.
*i[ Ye, efte-soones, my child, let vs resorte To the yntent of yo?/r fyrst matere Degressed somwhat, for we wolde reporte & revyue the lawde of tbem thut were 432 famovs in owre langage, thise faders dere
whos ' sowles in blis, god eternaJl' avaunce, t/idt lysten sone owre langage to cnhaviice !
IHilfs Text.l
1 The s is by a
later liaml.
44 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[G3]
rpiiau, litle cliilde, I councelle you that ye *• Take hede vnto the nortuxe that men vse, ^ewe foimden or Auncient ■whet[h]er hit be, 437
So shall no man youre ciu'teyse refuse ; The guise and custome shall you, my childe, excuse ; Mennys werkys haue often entirchaunge, That nowe is norture, sumtyme had ben full straunge.
[64]
npiiinges whilome vside ben layde aside, -*■ And new fetis dayly ben contryvyde, Men[nys actes] can in no plight abyde, 444
They ben chaungeable and oft mevide, Thing some-tyme alowide is nowe rej)revide, And aftir this shall thingis vppe aryse, That men sette nowe but [at] htle a prise. 448
[65] rpiius mene I, my childe, that ye shull vse and haunte -'- The guise of them that don most manerly, But be ware of vnthrefte ruskyn galaunte, 451
Counterfetoure vncunnyng of curtesie, His tecches ben infecte wyth vilonye,
Vngerde, vnblesside, seruyng at the table,
Me semeth hjm senumnt full pendable. 455
% Then litilt lohn, I consayle you that ye c-ff'" s Text.]
436 Take hede to tJie nortvres that men vse, [ffl c ixuij back.i
newe foAvnd or avncyent, whether yt be ; So shatt no man yo?/r curtesye refuse ; the gyse & custu??i, my child, shaft you excuse. 440 Menys werkes haue oftyn enterchavnce ;
that nowys norture, so??ztyme hath be stravnge;
^ Thyng/s whylom vsed be now layd a-syde, & newe fetes dajdy be co?2tryved : 444 Menys actes ca?i in no plyte abyde, They be chavngable & ofte meved ;
CAXTON S TEXT.
45
[63] Tlienne lityl loBu / I counceyl you that ye Take hede to the norture / that men vse Newe founde / or auncyent whether it be 437
So shal no man / your curtoisye refuse The guyse & custom / my child slial you excuse Mewnys werkis / haue often enterchange That nowe is norture / so?ntyme had be strange 441
[64]
Thingis whilom vsed / ben now leyd a syde
And newe feetis / dayly ben contreuide
Mennys actes / can in no plyte abyde
They be changeable ande ofte meuide
Thingis somtyme alowed / is now repreuid
And after this / shal thinges vp aryse
That men set now / but at lytyl piyse 448
[65]
This mene I my childe / f' ye shal haunte
The guyse of them / that do most manerly
But beware of vnthrj^ft Euskyn galante 451
Counterfeter of vnconnyng curtoisye
His tacchis ben enfecte with vilonye
Vngyrte. vnblyssed. seruyng atte table
Me semeth hym a seruant nothing able 455
Little Jack,
take heed to the maimers of your time.
for customs change.
new ways are invented every 444 day.
and will be hereafter.
[Leaf 11 6.] Imitate the well- mannered, and beware of ruskyn gallants
of bad habits, serving ungirt.
thynges su?ntyme alowed be now repreved ; & after this shafl: thjTiges vp a-ryse 448 that men sett now but at lytitt pryse :
^ This mene I, my child, that ye shatt havnte the gyse of the)n that do most manerl)' ; but be ware of onthryft ' ruskjTi gallavnte, 452 Co??terfetter "^ of vncownjTig curtessy, hys taches ben enfecte ^v^th vylonye ; Vngerte / vnblessed / servyng at table, Me semeth hym a servavnte no thyng able ;
IHilVs Text.]
1 A later hand has uddud y,
2 Tlie r is by a later hand.
46 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[66]
Wynter ne sonier to liis souerayne Chappron hardy no bonet lust avale, For euery worde yeiiyng his maister tweyne, 458
Vaunparlere in euery mannes tale, Absolon \vyth the disculede heres smalle ; Lyke to A presener of seint Malouse, A sonny bush myght cause hym to goo louse. 462
[67]
01 passe norture ! f y ! fy ! for schanie ! I shuld haue seide he myght go hauke and hunt, For that schuld be A gentilmannys game, 465
To suche disportis thes gentis folkys be wounte ; T seide to ferre, my langage was to blounte, But of this galaunte, loo ! loke a Avhile & fele, He feccheth his compace whan he shall bowo or knele,
[68]
Braced so stray tly th[at h]e > may not plie, ' MS. the.
But gaderith hit in by maner of Avyndlese, And 3if he wrenche aside or lytil wrye, 472
His gere stonte all in pertous ^ case, - ^'"'^ perioas?
The scho, the hose, the point, doublet, and lace ;
And if ought breke, sonxmo, thinges ^ that ben badde ^ Rmd tounges. Shall sey anon, ' a knaue hath broke a ladde.' 476
^ "Wynter & somer to his soverayne \^mivs Texu
457 Capron hardy, no bonet lyst to avayle,
For euery Avorde geveyng his mayster twayne, avavntpa?-ler In eue?'y manys tale, 460 Absolon with disheveld heres smale, lyke to a prysoner of saynt malowes, A sonny busshe able to the galowes.
^ 0 ! I passe nortn-e ! fy, fy, for sham ! 464 I myght haue said he shuld go havke & honte, ffor that shuld be a gentylman[i]s game, To suche dysport/s gentitt folk/s be wonte ;
CAXTON S TEXT.
47
Wyntev and somer to his souereyne
Capron hardy / no bonet lyste to auale
For euery word / gyui/;g his maister twejTie 458
Auauntparler / in euery mannys tale
Absolon with disheueld heeris smale
Lyke to a prysoner of se}Tit malowis
A sonny busshe / able to go to the galowis 462
[67]
0 I passe nortnre fy fy for shame
1 myght haue said he shold go hauke & honte For that shold be a gentilmans game To such disportes / gentil folkes be wonte I sayd to ferre / my Ian gage was to blonte But yet sir gala/ite whan ye shal bowe or knele He goth by compace round as doth a whele
[68]
Braced so strayt / that he may not plye
But gaderith it / by maner of a wyndelas
And he ought "vvrenche a syde / or a litil wrie
His geer stondeth thentie / in ful jjarlozi-s caas
His sho / his hose / doblet / point & laas
And yf ought breke / som;/;e tu?zges Jj* be bade
Wil mocke & sale / a knaue hath broke a lad 476
not doffiug Ilia cap to his master.
forward in speech, rough-haired,
and lousy-lieaded.
(though it's hardly good man- ners to say so.)
465
When he tries to kneel, he works 469 round like a .wheel.
[Leaf 12 a.] being braced so tight that he
ifn can't bend.
* ' *^ If he twists, a lace is like to crack.
1 sayd to ferre, my langage was but blonte ; 468 but yet, sh gallavnt, wha?2 ye shaft bowe or knele he goth by co??ipasse rovnd as doth a whele.
^ Erased so streyte pat he may not plye, but gaderyth yt by nianere of a wyndlas ; 472 & he awght wrench a-side, or a litilt wrye,
liys gere stondyth them in full: parlovs caas, hys sho // his hose / doblet, poynt & laas ; & yif owght breke, sum tonges that be bade 476 wilt moke & say, "A knave hath broke a lade."
IHill'x TexU
48 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[69]
T at galauiite go, I niene, reclieles ruskyn ; ■^ Take hede, my cMlde, to suche as ben cuwnyng, So shall ye AvyrsMp best conquere and \vynne, 479
Enforsith you in all youre demenyng
To sewe vertu, and ^ from foly declynyng ; i Omit and.
And; my cliilde, that ye loue of boneste, "VArhicb is accordyng Avytli bumanj^te. 483
[70]
rpbat is, to you to vndirstond And knowe, -"- That youre aray be manerly and resonable, Not appeissb knawen "^ and to mowe, 486 i sus.
I[n] nyse aray that is not couenable, Fetis founde be foLkys vnprofitable.
That maketh this worlde so pleynly transformate, That men semen almost effeminate. 490
[71]
Pley not lakke mAlaperte, that is to sey, Be ware of presumpczoun, be ware of pride, Take not the fyrst place, my childe, be no way, 493 TiU odir be sette manerly abyde, Presomcion is often sette asyde.
And Avalith f[r]om his highe ' de-gre, ' m^- hiK^t.
And he sette vppe that hath humanite. 497
^ Lete gallant go ! I mene, recheles ruskyn : [h^'«'« ^ext.]
Take hede my child to suche as be co?m)Tig, so shaft ye best worship conqvere & wynne ; 480 Enforce you in aft yo?*r demenyng
To folowe vertu, & fro foly declynnyng ; & weyte weft that ye love honeste which ys accordyng vnto humanyte.
^ That ys for you to vnde?'stond & knowe, 485 that jouY araye be manerly resonable,
Not apvsshe vnto moke ne to mowe ; [^^"^ ^^?^,?,?'. «
m 7 111 Ricliavii hill „ ra
To nycc araye that ys not co?nmenaabie, c ixv]
CAXTON S TEXT.
49
[69]
Lete galante go / I mene recheles ruskyfi
Take liede my chyld to suclie as be connyng
So shal ye best worship conquere & wjnine 479
Enforce you in al your demenynge
To folowe vertu / & fro folye declynynge
And waite wel that ye loue honeste
Whiche is acordynge ' vnto human^'te
[70]
That is for you / to vnderstonde & knowe
That your araye / be nianerly resonable
Kot apysshe / on to mocken ne to mowe
To nyce araye / that is not commendable
Fetis newe founden ^ by foolis vnp?'oiiifitable
That make Jje world so plainly transformate
That men semen almoste enfemynate 490
[71] Playe not lack malapert / that is to saye Beware of presimipczon / beware of pryde ' Take not ])« first place my child by the waye 493
Tyl other be sette / right manerly abyde Presumptuo?<s ben often set a syde. Ande alleday aualyde / as men may see And he is sette vp / that hath humylyte 497
Let Reckless RuskjTi go ! You follow skilful men.
virtue and honesty.
483
[Leaf 12 b.] Don't dresB
486 =>pisiJy
or foppishly.
Don't play Jack
Malapert,
that is, don't be
presiunptuous.
Wait till others are seated.
^ Orig. accrdynge.
Orig. fonuden.
' Orig. prj'te.
488 ffetys, newe fonden by foolis vnprofytable,
thaX, make the worlde so playnly transformate thdX mew semen Almost enfemynate.
^ Playe not lacke maleperte, thai ys to say, 492 be ware of presumpc/on, be ware of pi-yde ;
take not tho. first place, my child, by the. waye ; titt odei be sette, ryght manerly a-byde, presumtvous be ofte sette a-syde 496 & att day avaled, as me« may see,
& he ys sette vp i/tat hath himiylyte.
[Hill's Text.]
50 THE OIUEL TEXT.
[72] rTo ' ciu?iiyng persones regardo ye take, i ms. The.
-■- Wliere ye be sette in riglit atentif wyse, Connyng folke civ?inyng folke shulde make, 500
To tlieire gooJuesse ye slialle make youre su7/imise, And as thei do, ye mosten deuyse ;
For this, my cliilde, is as the gospell treue, Wlioo wolle be cu«nyng muste the cu??nyng sewe.
[73]
A nd 0 thing I charge you special! [ie], -^^ To womanhode good kepe you take alway. And them to serue loke that ye haue an eie, 507
Ther comaundementis, my childe, loke ye obey, Plesaunt wordis to them I warne you saye, And in all wyse do youre dilligence. To do them plesure, honoure, and reuerence. 511
[74]
A s at this tyme this tretice shall suffice, -'^ Disposeth you to kepe in youre mynde The doctrines whiche for you I deuyse, 514
And douteth not, fulle welle ye shall hit fynde ; To youre honoure enrolle hit vp and bynde Eyght in youre brest, and in youre ryper age I shall wry ten you here-of the surplusage. 518
^ To connyng persones regarde ye take,. t-S^'"'* ^^eait.]
wher ye be sette, right in ententj'f wyse ; 500 Co?myng folke co?inyng me?z shaft make ;
to ther cownyng ye sliatt make jouv surmyse, & as thei do, ye must jour selfe devyse ; ffor this, my child, ys as the gospett trewe, 504 ' who witt be co?niyng, he must cojznyng sewe.'
^ And on thyng I warne you specyally : to womanhede take awe alway, & the?^ to serve loke ye haue an eye, 508 & ther co7navndmentz5 that ye obeye ;
CAXTON S TEXT.
51
[72]
To connynde persons regarde ye take
Where ye be sette / right in ententyf wyse
Connyng folk / conuyng men shal make 500
To their connyng ye shal make your surmise
And as they do / ye muste your self deuyse
For this my childe / is as the gospel trewe
Who w-il be connyng / he must Jj® connyng sewe 504
[73]
And one thing / I warne you specyally
To womanhede / take aAve alweye
And them to serue / loke ye haue an eye 507
And theire comrnandementis that ye obeye
Plesant wordes I auyse you to them seye
And in alle wyse / do ye your diligence
To do them plesure / and reuerence 511
Watch knowing folk, and
their skill.
Specially attend to women, and
speak pleasant words to them.
[74]
And at this tyme tliis tretye shal suffise
Dispose you / to kepe it in your mynde
The doctrine whiche for you I deuyse 514
And doubteth not / ful wel ye shal it finde
To your honour / enroUe it vp and bynde
Eight in your breste / and at your riper age
I shal wryte to you / herof the surplusage 518 you the rest.
This is enough for the present. Mind you attend to it,
and when you're older I'll write
Plesaunt wordii's I avyse you to the??2 saye, & in att wyse do ye yonr delygence 511 To do the??z plesyre and reverence.
^ And at this tyme this treatise shaft suffice ; Do pose you to kepe it in yonr mynde, the doctryne which for you I devyse ; & dowteth not, fult wett ye shaft yt fynde 616 To youT honowre ; enrolle yt vp & bynde Right m yowr brest, & at yowr rypcr age I shaft write you here-of the surplusage.
\ Hill's Tixt.]
52 THE ORIEL TEXT.
[75]
Pi 00, litle childe, and who doth you Aj^pose, ^ Seying, youre quaire kepeth non accordaunce, Tell [hym], as yite neyther of rjrmie ne prose 521
Ye be experte ; pray hym of sufferaunce ; Childer must be of childly gouernaunce,
And they must also entredet ' be ' ^eaci nntreted
Wyth esy thyng, [and not] of subtilte. 525
[76]
"U'oure lytil quaier su??imitteth euery where -■- To corecc/on and beneuolence,
But where enuie is, loke hit come not there, 528
For eny thing kepith youre trety thense ; Enuie is full of frowarde reprehense.
And howe to hurte liethe euere in awayte, Kepeth youre quaiere, that hit be not her baite.
EXPLICIT. DOMINE, SALUUiV/ FAC REGEM.
^ Go, lititt lohn, & who doth you oppose, muvs tcti.]
520 sayenge yowr quayre, kepeth no?z accordavnce; Telt hym as 3et neythere in ryme ne prose ye ben experte ; pray hym of suffraunce. Chyldren ' muste be of childy gouernavnce, » ms. ayidren. 524 & also thei muste entreted be
With easy thynge, & not with subtilte.
OAXTON S TEXT.
53
[75]
Go lytyl loBn / and who doth you appose Sajnag your quayer / kepe non accordance Telle hym as yet / nejiiher in ryme ne prose Ye ben expert / praye hym of suffirance Chyldren muste be / of chyldly gouemance And also they muste entretyd(3 be "With esy thing / and not with subtylte
[76] Go lytil quayer / submytte you euery Avhere Vnder correction of benyuolence And where enuye is / loke ye come not there For ony thinge / kepe your tretye thens Enuye is ful of froward reprehens And how to hurte / lyeth euer in a wayte Kepe your quayer / that it be not ther bayte
Whoever questions you,
KOI ?*y y °^ ^""^ "o' ^'■^ •'• yet up in rime or
525
Little book, I submit you to correction :
528
but go not where envy is.
532
Explicit the book of curtesye.
^ Go, lytilt quayer, submyte you eue/y where vnder correcc^on of benevolence ; 528 & wher envy ys, loke you cum not there, ffor any thyng kepe yo?/r treatye thens; Envye ys fult of froward reprehens, & how to hurte lyeth ever in a- wayte ; 632 kepe yowr quayre fJmt yt be not ther bayte.
Here endyth A lytytt treatyse
called the boke of curtesy or lititt Tohan.
IHUl's Text.]
INDEX.
H. stands for Hill's MS. at the bottom of the pages, 0. for the Oriel MS. on the even pages. Cot. is for Cotgrave's Dictionary.
Absolom with dissheveled hair, 1. 460.
Amyse, 1. 376, amice. Fr. amid, an Amict or Amice, part of a mass- ing priest's habit. Cot. From L. amicire, to throw round ; am and jacere. Mahn.
Annoy no man, \. 170. ,
Apayer, 1. 399 H., appeyre, 0.,
worsen, impair. Apish, don't let your dress be, 1.
486. Appose, 1. 519, question. See
Oppose. Avale, 1. 457, lower, take off. Ave Maria, say, 1. 27, 77. Avoyde, 1. 271, emptjdng.
Austin, St, tells men how to be- have at table, 1. 158.
Author is old, 1. 414-18.
Authors, the right ones to read, 1. 323, 335, 351, 365, 393.
Bearing, men praised or blamed
for their, 1 153. Belch not, 1. 202. Beware of ruskyn, 1. 451. Birds and beasts, don't throw
stones at, 1. 64.
Blow not in your drink, 1. 190.
Brecheles, 1. 300, without breeches,
of flogging. Breth, 1. 203, wind.
Capron, H., chappron, 0., 1. 457. O. Pr. Chaperon, " habillement de tete." Roquefort. Provenpal, capay- ron,ixom. Lat. caput, Skeat. Chaperon . . any hood, bonnet . . . Fu Chaper- on fait a Ven veux, A notable whipster or twigger ; a good one I warrant her. Cotgrave. ' Capron hardy ' must then be ' a bold or saucy young scamp.'
Cantelmele, 1. 409, piecemeal :
cantel, a corner, bit. Chaucer, read his works full of
pleasance, 1. 335-350. Chere, 1. 131, face, expression
on it. Childly, adj. 1. 523, O., childy,
H., fitted for children. Children are like wax, 1. 6. Church, how to behave at, 1.
71-98. Clappe, 1. 80, noise. Claw not your visage, 1. 1 94. Comb your head, 1. 36. Communicative, be, 1. 316.
55
Compace, 1. 469. Fr. eompas, a
corapasse, a circle, a round. Constaunce, 1. 102. Fr. Constance,
stabilitie, lirmenesse. Cot. Couenable, 1. 487. Fr. convenahhy
apt, fit, meet for, beseeming,
seeralie, &c. Cot.
Crede, say it, 1. 77.
Cross yourself on rising, 1. 25.
Cumpenable, 1.151. Fr. compagn-
able, companable, frieudlie, sociable. Cunning, (knowing) men, take
heed to them, 1. 478, 1. 498-504. Cup, soil not youi's, 1. 18G.
Dancing, right for a child, 1. 305.
Deprave, 1. 157, backbite, run down. Fr. despraver, spoyle, marre, make crooked, wrest, wry to bad purposes. Cot.
Detraction, the "vice of, 1, 163.
Disauayle, 1. 290, harm, damage.
Discreue, 1. 392, describe.
Disculede, 1. 460, 0., dissheveled.
Disteyne, 1. 407, stain, spot.
Dogs, don't irritate them, 1. 67.
Dress, to be manerly, 1. 47, 52 ; to be reasonable, I. 485.
Ears, clean yours, 1. 37. Entredet, 1. 524, 0., entretyde,
H., taught. Envy, keep clear of, 1. 528. Estate, 1. 122, lord noble.
Exercyse, excersyf, 1. 318, ? prac- tised, able to handle a subject. Fr. exercer, to handle, manage. Cot.
Eye, cast not yours aside, 1. 101.
Face, have no spots on it, 1. 38.
Farsyone, 1. 186, H., stuffing : farse (or ferce, 1. 191), to stuff; farsure, stuffing. Cp. Chaucer's
ferthyng, of the Prioress, Frol. Cant. T., and the Oriel text.
Fetis, 1. 443, O., fashions. Fr. faict, feat, prauke, part. Cot.
Fewe, 1. 171, little, few words.
First i)lace, don't take it, 1. 493.
FoUow vii-tue, 1. 481.
Founders of our language ; re\'ive their praise, 1. 431.
Fulsom, 1. 257, ? full, satisfied ; or helpful, A.S. fj/ld, help, assist- ance.
Fulsoranes, 1. 401, fulness, plenty. Tulnesse or pleute (fulsuy/messe, K. H. P.) Habtmdancia, copia' Promptorium.
Games, play only at proper ones, 1. 296.
Girdle, don't loose youi-s at table, 1. 197.
Glaynes, 1. 412, 0., gleynes, 1. 422, 0., gleanings. Fr. glatie, a gleaning ; also the corne thats gleaned or left for the gleaner. Cot.
Gluttonous, don't be, 1. 180.
Good cheer, make it serve for a
scanty table, 1. 253-5. Gower's moral writings, read
them, 1. 323 ; and his Confessio
Amantis, 1. 32ri
Halke, 1. 124, generally means corner ; A.S. heal, an angle, a comer ; but another heal is a hall, place of entertainment, inn, which may be the meaning here.
Hands, wash yours, 1. 43 ; wash 'em clean at table, 1. 202-5.
Hanging, the servant that deserves it, st. 65, 0.
Harping recommended, 1. 304.
Head, don't scratch it at table, 1. 194.
Holy water, 1. 72.
56
INDEX.
Humaiiite, 1. 497, Fr. humanite, courtesie, ciuilitie, gentlenesse. Cot.
Tnliaunce, 1. 433, put forward, up. Lat. in aiitea, Prov. enansar, to advance, exalt. Wedgwood.
Iiiterrapt no roan's talk, 1. 275,
283. Is, 1. 386, 0., his. lubiter, 1. 371, 378, God.
Jangelynge, 1. 80, chattering.
Kery, 1. 369, K-vpte, Lord, [have
mercy upon us !] Knife, don't put it near your face,
1. 192.
Ladde, 1. 476, 0., lade, H., a thong of leather, a shoe-latcliet. Halliwell.
Language, silver, is to be learnt only from our old poets, st. 58, 1. 400-6.
Lewed (ignorant), he must be who
will not learn, 1. 21. Lips, wipe yoiu's before drinking,
1. 186, 189. Look men, you speak to, in the
face, 1. 99. Louse, 1. 462, catcliing lice. Luting recommended, 1. 302.
Lydgate, John, my master, 1. 365; read his volumes large and wide, 1. 879.
Malapert, Jack, don't play, 1. 491. Tr. Muiere, malapert, outrageous, ever doing one mischiefe or other. Marmiton, a saucie, malapert, or knauish fellow. Cot.
Malouse, 1. 461, Malo's.
Manner & measure should guide you, 1. 125.
Manners make man, 1. 238. IMass, help the priest at, 1. 85. Matins, our Lady's, 1. 32. Mouth, eat Avith it shut, 1. 241. Multiply talking, don't, 1. 320.
JSTails, clean yours, 1. 44 ; don't pare tliem at table, 1. 247.
IsTorture, 1. 436, deportment, manners.
I^ose, clean it, 1. 39 ; don't pick it, 1. 41.
OcKLTF ; read his translation of Be Eegimine Priticlpum, \, 351-64.
Oppose, 1. 518, 'I oppose one, I make a tryall of his lernyng, or I laye a thyng to his charge, ie appose.' Palsgrave. See Towneley Mysteries, pp. 193-95. Way, inPromptorium. We may bi oiu'e law examyne hym
fyrst . . . . . let me oppose hym . . .
T. Myst, p. 195.
Outrage, L 278, outrageous, beyond bounds, too talkative. See Mala- pert.
Owers, 1, 34, see pryme.
Pater noster, say yours, L 26, 77.
Pendable, L 455, 0.,^v. pendahle, hangable, that deserves hanging, thats fit to be hanged. Cot.
Poor table, men to be cheerful at,
1. 258. Presumption, beware of, 1. 492. Pride, beware of, 1. 492.
Print your words in your mind before you speak them, 1. 282.
Pryme & owers, 1. 34. 'The prime and other Iiotirs are the services Ad primam hmam. Ad tertiam. Ad sextam, and Ad nonam. founa in the Primer, or layman's prayer-book. They arc sometimes called the middle liours, as distinguished
from Matins and Vespers.' Bradshaw.
IN'DEX
H.
57
Quaire, 1. 520, 526, 532, qiiii-e, pamphlet, treatise.
Eavenous, don't be, 1. 176. Read eloquent books, 1. 310. Eehersaylle, 1. 288, rehearsal,
repetition. Repeat conversations, don't, 1.
288. Report (tale-telling) is the chief
nurse of mischief, 1. 135. Reward, 1. 127, look at, watch. Rising, what to do on, 1. 23.
Secret, keep what you hear, 1.
134. Sewe, 1. 481, follow, pursue. Silence, keep, 1. 140; in hall, 1.
20i. Siluerous, 1. 403, 0., silvern. Singing lustily is good for a
child, 1. 304. Speak fair to folks, 1. 60.
Speaking, the conditions to be
observed in, 1. 143. Spoon, don't put it in your dish
or on the table, 1. 267. Surplusage,! 518, rest, remainder.
Syttyng, 1. 302, fit, suitable. ' Syttyng or convenyent — m. asse- ant . . aduenant.' Palsgrave.
Table, how to wait at, 1. 113.
Tacches, 1. 176, tache, 1. 198 ; Fr. tache, a spot, staine, blemish. Cot.
Taches, H., teches, 0., 1. 453, manners.
Teeth, don't pick 'em with your knife, 1. 248.
Terre, 1. 67 ; tar, to set on, pro- voke ; 0. Fr. atarier. They have terrid thee to ire. Wiclif, Psalms. So. tirr, to snarl ; quarrelsome, crab- bed. Wedgwood.
Thewed, 1. 20, mannered.
Towel, don't sod it, 1. 263, 266.
Traverse, 1. 242, change from side
to side. Trencher ; keep yours clean, 1.
269. Trety, 1. 529, treatise. True as the gospel, 1. 503.
"Weyne, 1. 166, A.S. ivanian, to
diminish, take away. Wind, break not, up or down,
1. 202. "Wise man, the ; his marks of a
youth likely to be bad, 1. 104; —
his counsel as to speaking, 1. 137,
147. Women, always take good heed
to them, 1. 506. Wyndlese, 1. 471, windlass.
Yanglers, 1. 207, chatterers.
YdeUye, 1. 315, idly.
Ynympariable, 1. 380, unequalled, L. par, Fr. pareil, equal, like.
BUNGAY :
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THE CHAUCER PRESS.
he (3{in|iiil
matic bu maustcrc ^lain djarreticr,
(£(lra .Merits, No. liv. 1888.
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i;iv(> djuifral
mabc bn manstcrc %hxn (Kljavrtticr,
^ranslutc^ thus iu (Engbssh bu
Milliant Curion. 1484.
COLLATED WITH THE FREXCII ORIGINAL BY
PROF. PAUL MEYER,
AND EDITED BY
FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL,
M.A., TBIN. BALL, CAMBEIDGJi; HON. BR. PHIL. BEHLIK.
LONDON :
PUBLISHT FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY
BY N. TRUBNEK & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.
3IDCCCLXXXVIII.
TO
MY FRIEND AND HELPER,
F. S. ELLIS.
F. J. F.
€xttn Scries.
LIV.
R. CLAY &, SONS, LIMITED, LONDON & BUNGAY.
FOREWORDS.
Of this book priiiteil by Caxton in 1484 (no doubt), in his type No. 4*, Mr. Blades says, in his Biography and Typography of William Caxton, 2nd edition, 1882, p. 297 :—
" Caxton translated the Curial from the French ' for a noble and virtuous Erie,' probably Lord Rivers, who was beheaded at Pomfret, on June 13th, 1483.
"Alain Chartier, born in Normandy about 1386, earned for him- self the appellation of 'excellent orateur, noble poete, et tres-renomme rhetoricien.' He held the office of * Secretaire de la Maison ' to both Charles VI and Charles VII. He died about 1457. The most complete editions of his works are those by Galiot du Pre, 16mo, Paris, 1529; and by Duchesne, 4to, Paris, 1617. In the former, however, is au error which has led to some confusion, as * Livre de" I'Esperance ' is there entitled ' Le Curial,' the real Curial being a much shorter piece, and totally different in design. By the ' Curial ' being addressed to his brother, it is supposed to have been written by Alain to Jean Chartier, known as tlie author of ' Ilistoire do C;harles VII.'
" As an instance of the great repute in which the writhigs of Chartier were held in his age, it is reported that Margaret, the wife of the Dau[)hin of France, afterwards Louis XI, finding him one day asleep in his chair, kissed his lips, to the great astonishment of her attendants. ' Je ne baise pas la personne, mais la bouche dont estoient sortes tant de beaux discours,' she exclaimed. There is a painting in Add. MS. No. 15,300 (in the British Museum) vividly depicting this scene."
The above statement about the Daupliiness kissing Alain Chartier, is left as Mr. Blades wrote it ; but he cannot have seen the one illumination in the Addit. MS. 15,300. That pictures a big-headed crownd lady standing up with her arms spread, as if in astonishment, Avitli a stout man lying on the ground before her, possibly asleep, — his left hand covers part of his face, — while at her left is an annd
VI FOREWORDS.
man leaning on a 2-handed sword ; and on his left, a seated scribe writing. In the backgronnd is the city wall, with a turreted gate, and towerd and turreted buildings inside. The MS is one of Alain Chartier's Quadrilogus Invedlviis, written because he thought the hand of God was upon France, inasmuch as " en I'an mil CCCC, vint et deux, le veisse le Eoy anglois, ancien aduersaire de ceste scignenrie, soy glorifier en nostve ignominieux reproche, Enrichir de noz despoilles, et desprisier noz faiz et noz courages" (leaf 5, back). (If. 6) " Et le, men de compassion pour ramener a memoirs I'estat de TiOshQ iufelicite, & a chascun ramenteuoir ce que lui en touche, Ay compose ce present traictie qiie I'appelle [Z/, 6, hh.'\ ' quadrilogue ', poiu'ce que, en quatre persoTznages est ceste euure comprise. Et est dit 'lunectif, en tant qu'il procede par maniere d'enuaisseme??t de paroles, et par forme de rcprandre."
Of the Curial, says Mr. Blades, only two copies are known ; one is in the British Museum (here reprinted), and the other at Althorpe, Lord Spencer's Library. The Collation is
"A 3"^, signed j, ij, iij, Avithout any blanks : In all, six leaves. There is no title-page. The type is entirely Xo. 4*. The lines, which are spaced to an even length, measure 4-| inches, and there are 38 to a fuU page. Without catchwords or folios. The Text begins on sig. .j. recto . . . The ' Curial' finishes on the sixth recto . , . On the verso, Caxton has given us the translation of a ballad, written by Alain Chartier, consisting of 28 lines. It has a burthen : — ' Xe chyer but of a man Joyous.' "
In itself, the Curial or Letter has little literary worth ; but Caxton englisht it, and that fact justifies its reprint. Moreover, short books are always handy for the E. E. T. Soc. The subject is the old one Avhich afterwards interested Shakspere ; — compare the Duke, Touchstone &c. in As You Lilce It, and Belisarius in Ci/mleliue, III. iii. ; — the disadvantages of the intriguing restless life at Court, com- pared with the quiet and restfulness of the country. Two books on this topic which are well worth reading, were reprinted by Mr. AV. C. llazlitt in his Roxhim/Jie Lihravij, 1868 :
1 A Tevnlon is 6 leaves, 12 pages. A 4" is a Qii(iti-rn'ion,'8 leaves. A 5" or Qitliitcrnlon, is a section of 5 sheets folded together in half, making 10 leaves or 20 pages. — ib, p. KiS.
FOREWORDS. Vll
1. Cijuile and Vncijuile Life, as its headlines call it, tho' the full title is
" The English / Courtier, and the / Cu«trey-geutleman : / A ]ileasaunt and learned Dis^iutation, / betweene them both : very pro- litable and ne- / cessarie to be read of all Nobilitie / and Gentlemen / "Wherein is discoursed, what / order of lyfe, best beseemeth a Gentle- man, (aswell for e- / ducation, as the course of his whole life) to make him a / person fytte for the publiquc seruice of his Prince and / Countrey. / Imprinted at London, by / Eichard lones : dwelling at the signe / of the Eose and Crowne neere / vnto Holborne Bridge. 1586. / An earlier Qto. 1579.
2. [by Nicholas Breton.] The / Court and Country, / or / A Briefe Discourse betweene the / Courtier and Country-man ; / of the INIanner, Nature, and Condi- / tion of their Hues. / Dialogue-wise sot downe betwixt a / Courtier and Country-man. / Conteyning many Delectable and Pithy / Sayings, worthy Observation. / Also, neces- sary Notes for a Covrtier. / Written by N. B. Gent. / London / Printed by G. Eld for John AVright, and are to / be Sold at his Shoppe at the Signe of the Bible / without Newgate. / 1618. /
Alain Chartier's sketch of the French courtier of his time is not a cheering one. But it differs little from those of the English Eliza- bethan courtier by Spenser in his Colin Clowt, and by Harrison in his Description of England.
Both were the necessary consequence of despots being the sole sources of honour, and their whims being law. And though Society and Fashion still breed Flunkeyism and Falseness, and some Dema- gogs pander to the base prejudices of all classes from the highest to the loAvest, we may surely believe that our Victorian time is better, in this regard, than the Caroline in France, or the Elizabethan here.
The headlines, side-notes, and modern stops of the Text are mine. Caxton's tagd d' and g< are not reproduced.
July, 188S.
P.S. Oct. 1888. My chance sending of a proof to my old friend Prof. Paul Meyer, induced him, in the kindest possible Avay, to set aside all his own pressing work, and not only collate for us Caxton's English with the French original, and give us many most valuable corrections and explanations of Caxton's text — see the footnotes, — but also to hunt out and copy for us the original of the sup[)0scd
VUl FOREWORDS.
Balade by Alain Chartier wliicli Caxton englisht and printed at the end of his Curial. Prof. P. ]\Ieyer has also written an Introduction to the Ealade, ■which will he found on p. 17 below, and the following comments on Alain Chartier's Curial, and Caxton's englishing of it.
All our Members will join with me in thanlcing Prof. Meyer for his great kindness, and his admirable enrichment of the present little Text.
COMMENT BY PROF. P. MEYER.
The French Curial has been printed several times since the first edition of Alain Chartier's works (Paris, Le Caron, 1489), until Du Chesne's much improved edition (Paris, 1617).^ The manuscripts are not scarce, but those which I have seen are very corrupt. So are, and even worse, the ancient editions, previous to Du Chesne, Chartier Avrites, particularly in his Curial, a refined and elaborate style which has often been misunderstood by the copyists. AYe must not wonder if Caxton's translation is not free from mistakes. Some of these are to be traced to the MS. which he used, some to mere misreadings, some to excusable misunderstandings. A due allowance being made for the difficulties of the task, the translation cannot be pronounced to be wanting in force and intelligence. One noticeable peculiarity in Caxton's anglicizing of the Curial is the habit of rendering some of the words of the original by two con- secutive synonyms,^ one of them being the very word of Chaitier, the other a more generally accepted English word. For example, p. 5, 1. 19, " ewrous and happy," for the Fr. heureux ; 1. 23, " rendre and yelde," for the Fr. rendre ; p. 7, 1. 22, "the dore ... of the chambre or wythdraught," Fr, Vuys du ret rait ; p. 8, 1. 21, "the ryghtes and droytes," Fr. les droits; p. 9, 1. 27, " rendrid and gafe," Fr. rendoient, etc.
"Whenever Caxton's translation has been found defective or eiToneous, the French text has been quoted from Du Chesne's edition ; the MSS. having been resorted to only in special cases. — P. M.
1 For a full description of the editions, see Brunet, Manuel du libraiir, under Chartier {Alain).
^ This practice is known also in the English Bible and Prayer-book. — F. J.F.
coining to Court. Kn^lislit by Win. Caxtoii.
Ciirial of %hin CljiirrcticrJ
■t Here foloweth the copye of a lettre Avhyclie maistre [sisn.j.] Alayn Charetier wrote to hys brother / whyche desired Aialu cimrtie'r' to come dwelle in Court / in whyche he rehersetli many |)'is°nr!,tiic'rfrom niyseryes & wretchydnesses therin vsed^ / For taduyse 8 hym not to entre in to it / leste he after repente / like as hier after folowe / and hite translated out of frensshe in to cnglysshe / whyche Copye was delyuerid to me by a noble and vertuous Erie / At whos Instance & 12 requeste I haue reduced it in to Englyssh.
Yght welbelouyd brother, & persone Eloquent / Dear nrotiier, r thou admonestest and exhortest me to prepare & get you a place
make redy, place and entree for the vnto the lyf * "" ' 16 Curiall / Avhyche thou desirest / And that by my helpe and requeste thou myghtest haue therin offyce / And herto thou art duly^ meuyd by comyn errour of the people / whiche repute thonours mondaync & pompes of 20 them of the courte / to be thynges more blessyd Sz happy than other / or to thende that I luge not waP of thy desyre / Thou wenest parauenture / that they that wayte tlliMl(ill^' iiint
. • n men in otliee are
on oinces / ben ni vertuous occupacions, & reputest them virtuous, 24 the more worthy for to haue rewardes & merites / And also thou adioustest other causes that meue the thcrto /
1 Nearly every final d is d' in the original, and every final g has a like curl to it.
2 French indencmnif, luit the ;\IS. used by Caxton may have had dcucmciit. — 1*. M.
■* The French had: "'ou iiliii (^uc jo uo jugo mal de ton deslr."— P. M.
2 The daihj Dangers and Miseries of Life at Court.
ami that you will be ill the comitany of ine,
your old friend.
I too long for you.
But when I suffer daily in the public service,
I feel happy that you escape my troubles at Court.
[* sign.j. back]
You want to be with me at Court. I wish more to be alone with you.
by tliexaniple of me / tliat empesshe my selue for to scriie in the courte Eyall / And to thende that thou myghtest vse thy dayes in takyng compauye wyth me / and that we myghte to-gidre enioye the swettenes 4 of frendshyppe / whyche longe tyme hatli ben bytwene vs tweyne / And thys knowe I wel / that thy courage is not wythdrawen fer from my frendshyppe / And tlie grace of humanyte is not dreyed vp in the / whyche 8 compryseth hys frende.s as presente, And leueth not at nede to counseylle & ayde them absents to hys power / And I trowo that thyn absence is not lasse greuous to me / than myn is to thy self / For me semeth, that 12 thou beyng absents, I am there where the places and affayres desioyne vs / But by cause god of fortune hath so departed our destynee / that thou awaytest frely on thyn owne pryuate thynges / And that I am occupyed 16 on thynges publycque, & seruyses in sorowful passions / that whan I haue on my self compassion / Thenne am I enioyed of thyn ease / & take grete playsir / in this, that tliow. auoydest the myserries that I suffre euory 20 day / And yf I blame or accuse fortune for me / I preyse and thanke her on that other parte for the / For so moche as she hath exempts the fro the augnysshes that I suffre *in the courte / And that she hath not 24 made vs bothe meschaunte /
Thou desirest, as thou sayst, to be in the courte wyth me / And I coueyte yet more to be prjaiely and syngulerly wyth the / And also for me thou woldest gladly leue thy 28 frau^chyse and pryuate lyf / I ought more gladly for the loue of the, leuc thys seruytudc mortell / For as moche as loue acquyteth hym better in humble tranqullyte tlian in orguyllous myserye / late hyt suffyse to the & to 32 me / that ons of vs tweyne be Infortunat / And that by my meschaunte lyf thou mayst see and knowe more certaynly that one and that other fortune / But what domaundcst thou / Thou sechest the way to lese thy 36
Keep away from Court ! It is full of Liars and Ill-doers. 3 self / by thexamplc of nie / And wylt lepe fro the why win you
. jump tVom the
hauen of sewerte / for to drowne thy self in the see Haven of security
into tlic Sea of
of peryl and myserye / Eepentest thou the to naue Misery? 4 lyberte / Art thou annoyed to lyue in peas / humayne nature hath suffrcd suche vnhappynes / that she ap- Human Nature
ahvays longs for
petyteth and desireth to haue that thyng / whyche she wiiat it hasn't. hath not / Thus misprysest thou the peas of thy corage / 8 and the sure estate of thy thought / And by therrour of mcsprysement whyche thou hast goten / the thynges whyche of theyr owne condicion ben more to be mes- prised / than they that ben shewde by the lyf of 12 another^ / I nieruaylle me mochc / how thou, that art prudent and wyse of goodes^ / art so ouerseen and fro thy self, for to dar expose thy self to so many perillis. And yf thou wylt vse my counseyl / Take none But take my
ailvioe: Don't
IG example by me for to poursewe the courtes / K^e the come to Court, publycque murmures of hye palaysis / But alleway late my perjdle be example to the for to fie and eschewe them / For I dar not affernie / that emonge the bruyt
20 of them that torne / be ony thyng stedfasfc ne hol- somme / Thou shalt wene & hope to fynde / exercite of vertu / in myserye thus co»imune & publycque / And so certaynly shalt thou fynde / yf thou makest thy view^
24 to fight co«staii«tly agenst alle vices / But be wars & make good watche that thou be not the fyrst that shal be ouercome / For I saye the / that the courtes of hye com ts are full prynces be neuer disgarnysshed of peple deceyuyng by buiues, flatterers,
liinderevs of {jood.
^ Caxton's phrase seems to be unfinished. The Fv. has: "Les clioses qui de leur mesme condition (that is, on account of their very condition) sont phis a mespriser ijue par vices (var. que par la vie, Caxton's rending) d'autniy a priser, tii tones et crnnces" The last words, "tiiou praisest and exaltest," seem to liave been left out. — P. M.
2 of fffHxLi has no meaning. The French has : "... qui es prudent et saige dccu'iix si forsene." Caxton may have mis- read de h'icnx instead of derienn, becomest. — P. M.
^ Caxton's view is a mistake for vow, Fr. vcu : "se tu fais veu de batailler," if tliou vowest, or takest a pledge, to be con- stantly fighting.— P. M.
No Courtier succeeds who is not corruptible.
Our poor hiimiinily follows b;ul exiiniples.
[* sign, ij.]
If j'ou keep virtuous,
you'll be iiiockt and bated ;
fayr langago / or feryiig by menaces / or stryuyng by enuye / or cornipte by force of yeftes / or blandyssh- yng by flaterers / or accusyng of trespaces / or enpcssh- yng & Icttyng in som??ie maner wyse / the good wyl of 4 true men ; For our poure humanyte is lyghtly enclyned to ensiewe & folowe^ the maners & condycions of other / And to doo as they doo. *And vnnethe may he escape that is asseged and assaylled of so many aduersaryes / 8 N"ow late vs graunte that thou woldest perseuere in vertue / And that thou sholdest escape the vycyous and the corrupcion of suche vycyons persones / yet in thys caas thou haddest vaynquysshed none but thy self / 12 But thys had ben better that thou haddest don it in thy owne secrete pryue place. And be thou certayn, that for thy vertue thou shalt be mocqued, and for thy trouthe thou shalt be hated / or that thy dyscrecion 16 shal cause the to be suspecte / For ther is nothyng more susj)ecte to euyl peple / than them whom they knowe to be Avyse and trewe /
Tlie reste thenne is thys / that thou shalt haue 20 labour wythoute fruyt / And shalt vse thy lyf in pcrylle / And shalt gete many enuyous at the / And yf thou stryue at theyr enuye / or that thou takest venge- ance / I telle to the, that thy vengement shal eugendre 24 to the, more greuous aduersytees^ than thou haddest tofore / And by the contrarye / they that conne dys- syrayle, ben preysed, and vse better theyr tyme in courtes than the other peple / The abuses of the 28 Corruption is Uie courtc / And the maucr of the peple curyall or courtly success at Court, ben suche that a man is neuer suffred tenhaunce hym self / but yf he be corrumpable / For vertue whyche is in so many maners enuyed^ / yf she be not prowde / 32 she is mesprysed / yf she bowe not / she is by force sette abacke / yf she be broken or huvtc, she is by force
^ Or'uj. folo-lowe ^ Fr. adversalrcs.—V. M.
3 Auuthor mistake of Caxtoii 'a: the French is 'e«t"in)««C(?.' — P. M.
your life '11 be in danger.
and you'll be worse off than before.
Fortunes whims, and her treatment of Courtiers. 5
hunted awfiy / wlio is ho ilieiinc that may kope hyin that he be not corrupt or coromped / or avIio is he that shall escape without hauyng harme / Suche be the 4 werkes of the courte, that they that be symple ben The simple me
despised, the
mesprysed / the vertuoiis enuyed / And the prowde virtuous euvica. arrogaunts in mortel peryllis / And yf thou be sette doun and put aback vnder the other couityours / 8 Thou shalt be enuyous of theyr power / yf thou be in niene estate / of whyche thou hast not suffysaunce / thou shalt stryue for to mounte and ryse hyer / And yf tliou raayst come vnto the hye secrets whyche ben
12 strongly for to doubte and drede / in the doubtous courteynes of the most hye prynces / Thenne shalt thou be most meschaunt / Of somoche as thou wenest to be when yon seem most ewrous^ and happy / so moche more shalt thou be anrtinhigh'
1 G in grete perill to falle / lyke to hym that is mouTzted in to the most hye place / For to i\\ein whom fortune the variable hath most hyely *lyfte up / and enhaunsed / [* sign. ij. back] resteth nomore but for to falle fro so hye doun / by tiien Fortune
20 cause she oweth to them notliyng but ruyne / yf thou haste take of her alle that thou myghtest / and that she wold gyue / thenne art thou debytour of thy self / To thende that she rendre and yelde hym meschaunt ami make you
24 whom she had enhaunsed / And that she mocque hym of hys meschef whom she had made blynde of vayn glorye of hys enhaunsyng / For the grete wyndes that blowe in hye courtes ben of suche condicion / that they
28 only that ben hyest enhaunsed / ben after theyr des- as soon as poyntement / as a spectacle of enuye / of detraction / ti,e iiighest posts, or of hate vnto alle peple / and fynde them self sub- and hated tm gettes tyl they be shamed and put doun emong the
32 peple^ / And that they that tofore poursiewed to them
and flatered / Eeporte of them more gretter blames and
dyvysions^ than the other / For multytude of peple
^ Fr. eurcnx : hem' of bonhcur, malheur 2 Fr. " entre les populaires," viz. among the mob, low people. — P. M. 3 Jlisprint ? Fr. derisions.— V. M,
they aie abased.
6 The Fall of great Lords delights Fortune. Courtiers seek her.
laughs and claps lier hands when great lords fall into trouble.
Men of high and whole hearts disregard Fortune.
The Court thinks too much of Fortune.
[* sign, iij.]
mespryse alwaye them/ that fortune hath most aualed^ and throwen doun / And also is envyous of them that she seeth enhaunsed and lyft vp / Fortune gladly hath sette hys eyen on hem that ben in hye degree, and on 4 the soueraynes yet more / And whan she pleyeth wyth smale and poure folkes / that is no certayn / for of the nieschief of poixre peple she retcheth not / ne doth but smyle / But she lawgheth wyth ful mouth, and smyteth 8 her paulmes to gydre, whan she seeth grete lordes falle in to meschyef / she retcheth but lytel for tessaye and preue her fortune in lytyl and lowe places / But for to make the grete and myghty to falle and ouerthrowe, 12 she setteth gladly her gynues / And them that ben poure & caste doun, maketh she oftymes to ryse & mounte fro certaynte to Incertaynte, and fro good rewle to euyl rewle / Them deceyueth she gladly / 16 whom she fyndeth esy to deceyue / and variable as she is / But she doth the custommes & strength to them that setteth by her.^ And whan she seeth her despysed & nought sette bj'^ / thenne she leueth them in peas / 20 But she flateryth and lawgheth for nought vnto them that haue hye and hole courage / Now she essayeth to luste ayeust them that ben most stronge / And now she enhaunseth them that ben most feble / now she 24 lawheth to one / and she grymmeth to other / But the man that hath grete corage & vertuous, mespriseth her lawhynges and mowes / And nothyng donbteth her menaces / ^But the courte maketh ouer moche compte 28 of thys fortune / that draweth the peple lyghtly to her / *forgetyng theyr poure estate / And forgetyng
1 From a val ; orig. Fr. raralles, cast down. — P. M.
2 Wlmt does this mean ? The French has (in MS. texts, for Du Chesne's edition is corrupt here) : " Mais elle Iiait les constans et vertueulx qui elle ne font compte." Caxton seems to have read "Mais eWefait les coysfiimcs." — P. M.
2—^ This passage was completely misunderstood by Caxton. He ought to have translated •' maketh moche more compte of thys fortune . . . than she doth of the w}se men," French :
The had injlncncc of the CmLvt on Morals and Manners. 7
and not knowyng them self as sone as they ben en-
haunceJ / whyche the wyse men do not / whichc for But wise men
rest content.
none auauncenient ne hauyng of good, enpayre not them 4 self 3 / There assaye thou for to mounte / yf thou wylt leue thy lyberte and franchyse / Thenne oughtest thou to knowe / that thou shalt haue habundaunce thy self / whan thou shalt wylle to poursewe the court / whyche 8 maketh a man to leue hys propre manors / And to applye Tiie Court makes
you give up your
hym self to the maners of other. For yf he be veryt- own morals for
worse ones,
able / men shal holde hym atte scole of fayntyse / yf he loue honest lyf / men shal teche hym to lede dys-
12 honest lyf / yf he be pacyent / & sette by no prouffyt^ / he shal be left to haue suffraunce / For yf he can nought / men shal demau?ule him nothyng / And also he shal fynde none / that shal gyue hym ony thyng^ /
16 yf he entre Inportunatly / They that be Inportune shal
put hym abacke / yf he be acustomed to ete soberly / and your own
^ -^ ' '' '' ' habits for other
and at a certayn houre / he shal dyne late, and shal folk's, soupe in suche facozm that he shal disacusto??ime hys 20 tyme and hys maner of lyuyng / Yf he haue be
acustomed to rede and studye in bookes / he shal muse At Com-t, the
student must
ydelly alday, in awaytyng that men shal open the dore turn idler and to hym, of the chambre or wythdrauglit of the prynce /
24 yf lie loue the rest of his body, he shal be ennoyed^ now here / nowe there / as a courrour or renner per- pctuell / yf he wil erly goo to his bedde, and Eyse late at his playsir, he shal faylle therof / For he shal wake
28 longe and late / and ryse ryght erly / and that ofte ho
"Mais la court fait trop plus graut compte de celle fortune . .
qu'elle ne fait dcs {eel. les) sages qui, pour bien avoir,
ne se empirent." — P. M.
1 Fr. "Et non chalant d'avoir prouffit," viz. "and cares not to have profit." — P. M.
2 Mistranslation arising from a bad text. Fr. " S'il ne s^ait ou ne veut riens demander, aussi ne trouvera il qui riens lay donne." — P. M.
^ Unless Caxlon printed ^^ cnnoyed" for eimoycd, envoyed, he must have read cnmiye ; but the French has envoys, sent on an errand. — P. M.
Place-hunter.
8 The dependence of Court life : the independence of Connfry life.
Kveiy one must lose his natiiial rest.
ami yet not gain favour.
Tlie Courtier is always loiigd in another's house,
and must eat, and sleep at another's will.
[♦ sign. iij. bacli]
A country house- holder is a King in his own house.
Contrast the ills of tlie Court and the good of tlie Country, in eating.
sleeping
slial lese tlie nyght wythout slci:)yng / yf he studye for to fynde frendsliyp / he^ slial neuer conne^ trotte so niochc tliurgli the halles of the grete lordes that he shal fynde her / but she holdeth her wythoute, and 4 entreth not wyth ony / For she is moche better knowen by them that vsen her, whyche ben experte of reffuse /^ throwen doun by fortune / than by them that entre ygnoraunt / and not knowen her tornes / I^ow beholde 8 thenne / and see, whyche of the two thou shalt chese / or that in my yssuyng and goyng out / I drawe the to our comune prouffyt, or in thyn entryng thou brynge me to our comune dommage and hurte / And forgete 12 not that who serueth in the courte / Alway hym be- houeth to be a gheste / and herberowed in another mannes hows / And also he muste ete after thappetyte of other / and otherwhyle wythoute hungre, and fayn 16 he maye/ And in lyke wyse he muste wake otherwhyle atte * the wylle of other / after that he hath begonne to slepe, and by grete gryef,* what thyng is more domageus than to sette vnder fortune the vertues of nature / and 20 the rj'ghtes and droytes of lyf humayne / seen that it is [not] ^ a thyng more free in a man / than to lyue naturelly. emong vs seruantes of courte / we doo nothynge but lyue after thordonance of other / And thou lyuest in 24 thyn hous lyke an Emperour / thou regnest as a kyng paysyble / vnder the couuerte of thyn hous / And we tremble for drede to dysplayse the lordes of hye houses / Thou mayst ete whan thou hast hungre / at thyn 28 houre and at thy playsir / And we ete so gredyly & gloutonnously, that other\vh)le we caste it vp agayn and make vomytes / Thou passest the nyght in slepyng
1 he means friendship ; Fr. "jamais elle ne scet troter." — P.M.
2 be able to, know how to
3 reffuse is evident!}- wrong. The French has " expers des ruses (ed.jeux) de fortune," its tricks. — P. M.
* Fr. "par grief somnieil," heavj- sleep. — P. M. 5 Fr. " veu qu'il ?i'est chose plus franche." — P. M.
Private Life is fur letter than rnhlic Life in Courts. 9
as long as it playsetli the / And wo, after ouermoche diynkyng of wynes and grete paynes, lye doun ofte in beddes ful of vcrmyne / & sonitynie wytli sti-yf and and beds. 4 debate^ /
lietourne, brother / Eotourue to tliy self / And lerne to know the felicite / by the myseryes that we ifeoognise the
liappiness o(
sufti'e / But no-man preyseth ynough the ayses that he piivate iite. 8 hath in his pryuato and proprc hous / but he that to- fore mespryseth thanguysshes that ho hath snffred in admynystracion publycque / Arystotle the phylosophrc XeUiiei- Aristotle gloryfyed in hym self / that he had left the bye palays 12 of kyng Alysaundre / And had Icuer to leue there hys discyple Calistenes / than there longer to dwelle / Dyogenes also, whiche in hys tyme, aboue alle other nor uiogenes
cured for courts
men louyd lyberte and fraunchyse, Eefused the grete orweauii.
16 ry chesses and wordly loyes to whyche he was callyd / he fledde them for to enhabyte and dwelle frely wythin the tonne / wherin he s-lepte / And also durst somoche auau?ite hym / that he was more puyssannt prynce, in
20 that he myght more reifuse of goodes, than the said Alysaundre hath power to gyue hym. For the veray phylosophre / that can Avel mespryse thambycious vanyte of the peple of the court / techeth to his couu-
24 seyllours^' / that thcr is more of humanyte in smale Tiiereismore
Humanity in
thynges and eases^ / than iu the courtes of prynces / private life tiian
ill Princes' courts.
And the benes of Pictagoras / And the wortes tliat Grace ete / rendrid and gafe better sauour / than that
28 Sardanapalus fonde in the grete and delycious wynes Aromatyrpies that he draidvc / for as moche as the delyccs were medled with the gallo of poyson / Feures / & anguysshes mondaynes / that he had alway vpon hys
32 herte / not only our lyf / but thexaction of our lyf / hys tormentis adioyne to our lyf in suclie Avyse that
1 Fr. " atout le bast," nioiins liiiriicssetl, dressed. — P. JI.
2 Freiicli, "Cur vraje J'/nlonnjj/uo est quaiul on sf;ait nies- priser . . . et ajipi-eiidre a .ses rscolUcni." — P. M.
^ French ('(ixen, poor bouses, not niitscx. — P. M.
CURIAL. B
10 All is not Gold that glitters. Courtiers seek Titles, not Right.
[* Icafiiij.]
Folk tliink much ol'a Cdiirlier's ricli dross ; hut tliey don't know tlie cost anil trouble of it.
Courtiers' deck- ings are not won by merit.
They think more of official titles than Riglit, and of Words than Thii>gs.
They desire Honour, tho' they know they arn't worthy of it.
*she ne hath glorye mondayne / ne pompe caduque wythoute aduersyte / Oftymes the peple make grete wondrynges of the Eyche robe of the courtyour^ / but they knowe not by what labour ne by what dyffyculte 4 lie hath goten it /
The peple otherwhyle honoureth and worshypeth the grete apparaylle of a puyssant man, But they acompte not the pryckkyng that he hath felte in the 8 pourchassyng of it / ^e, the greuys that he hath goteii in shewyng of yt / Othertymes beholde the peple thordynauuces and grete houshold of the hye and grete lordes / but they knowe not of what dyspence they ben 1 2 chai'ged for to nourysshe them / Ke consydre nothyng the tytle / of Avhydie they knowe certaynly / that they haue in them no merites / Yf we calle an hare / a lyon / or saye that a fayr mayde is fowle"^ / or a fowle / evoke- 16 backed / haltyng / or euyl shapen, to be as fayre as Helayne / that shold be a grete lesynge / and Avoithy of derysion / And allewaye emonge vs courtyours en- fayned / we folowe more the names of thoffyces / than 20 the droytes and ryghtes / we be verbal / or ful of wordes / and desyre more the w'ordes than the thynges / And in thys we ben contrarye to the wyse Cathon / whyche desired more to excersise hyra self vertuously 24 in comune offyce and publycque / than to haue the name / And in suche wyse gouerneth he hym self / that whan he was called / he was allewaye found e worthy to haue better than he was callyd to / And 28 somoche more was he honowred / as whan he fledde most the worldly honours / But by the contrarye we coueyte to be honowred / how wel that we ben not worthy / And so take the honours as by force and 32
1 Frencli, " De la riclie robe d'un pcautoiiuier." Evidently Caxton did not iiuderstand pantonnier, a vagabond, a con- temptible man. — P. M.
2 Frencl), " que une jeune lille laide, bossue, ou mal atournce, fust aussi belle comme Helene." — P. M.
Stay at Home, and kcc]) atuay frohi the Traitors at Court. 11
strengtbo / er we ben called tlicrta. And lierof folowcth that we lese by good rygbt / that wbyche we luge^ to our self, and that we dar demande indewly / And to 4 saye trouthe, the honours flee fro vs / whyche we poursewe ouer folyly /
Therefore, brother, I counseylle the / that thou so, urother, delyte the / in thy self / of thy vertue / For she 8 yeldeth loyc and preysynge to them that lyue wel / late thy grete suffysaunce- rctuyne the wythin thy lytyl stay at Home: Cenacle / And repute not thy self vertuons by heryng saye, as done men of the courte / Eut do payne to be
12 verytable by theffecte of the werke / wherto coueytest thou the gloryes of palayses, whyche for theyr wretched myserye haue nede that men haue pyte *on them / Ne [* leaf iiij. bacU] poursewe it not in fayt / But by the playnt of myn
IG vnhappynes / folowe not me / by cause 1 am^ oftymes Do not follow me cladde wyth the bestc* / But haue pyte and compassion of the peryls / of whyche I am asseged / and of thassaultes of whyche I am enuyronned nyght and wiioamaur-
111T rounded with
20 day / For I hauo nede to beholde on what foot that traitors, and must euery man cometh to me / And to note and markc the word.' '"^ ^^^ ^ paas and the peryl of euery worde that departetli fro my mouth, to thende that by my vtteraimce I be not
24 surprysed / and that in spekyng vnpourueydly, I ne gyue mater to ony man to make false relacion / ne to iuterprete euyl my worde / whyche I maye neuer reuoke ne put in agayn / For the courte is the nourysshe The cmirt breeds
WE" who study
28 of peple / whyche by fraude and franchyse / studye for to entrap you in
talk
to drawc from one and other^ suchc wordes / ]>y whyche
^ French, " ce a quoi nous ingcrotiK," arrogate, claim falsely, misread jvgerom. — P, M.
2 French, sovffrance, patience, endurance. — P. M.
3 Abridged or translated from a corrupt text. French, "mais par la jjlainte de mou malheur te chastie (viz. change thy mind), ne ne rogarde ou ayes consideration a ce que je suis . . ."—P. M.
* Piather, "with the beste-cladde" ; French, "avec les niieux vcstuz." — P. M.
^ " Les uns dcs autrcs," the one from the other. — P. M.
12 Competition for places at Court. Uncertainty of success.
that they ni;iy, by disclosing it, curry favour of the great.
You are soon supplanted by a new-comer,
or, if yon keep your Place,
envious men
will give bribes to get it from you ; and then you nuist bribe too.
I5ut in private life, in your own house, you are free.
[* leaf v.]
they may persecute theui / by that / Avhyche by the perylles^ of other / they may entre in to the grace of them that haue auctoryte to helpe / or to annoye / And ■\vhyche take more playsyr in false reportes / than in 4 verytable and trewe wordes / yf thou haue offyce in courte / make the redy to fyghte / For yf thou haue ony good / other shal desyre to take it fro the / and thou shalt not escape wythout debate / Som?»e slial 8 machyne by som?«e moyen to deceyue the / And the behoueth to tormente thy self to resist hym / And after whan thou shalt liaue e:nplo3'^ed thy body / thy tyme and thy goodes for to deffende the / Another 12 newe one cometli to the courte, & shal suppla?«te thy benediction / And shal take it gylefully fro the / Thus shalt thou lese wyth grete soroAve / that whyche thou haste goten wyth grete labour / Or yf thyn ofiyce 16 abyde wyth the / so shal thou not abyde longe wythout drede and fere of hym, or of other enuyous wliyche shal laboure to take it fro the / Tofore that thou hast ony offyces Thou boughtest peas and moderacion to lyue / 20 And as sone as thou shalt haue it / thou shalt be deffyed of an other / which shal enforce hym for to gyue largely for to take it fro the; And the behoueth, maulgre thy self / that thou gyue as moche as he / to 24 thende that thou kepe it / And that it abyde wyth the / Beholde thenne, brother, beholde / how moche thy lytyl lious gyuetli the liberte and franchyse / And thanke it that it hath receyuyd the as only lorde / 28 And after that thy dore is shette and closed, ther entreth none other but suche as pleseth the / Men knocke oftymes atte yates of ryche and hye palayses / Ther is alleway *noyse and murmure / In gi-ete places 32 ben grete and moche peples / of whyche somwe ben harde pressyd / The halle of a grete prynce is comunely
1 French, "ad ce que, an ruoyen des parolles d'autriiy qu'ils rapportent." — P. M.
Courtiers deceive, and huy and sell one another. 13 Infecte and eschaufed of the brecth of the peple / The a prhKc's imii
is infected wilh
vssher smyteth wyth hys Rodde vpon the heedes of people's breath.
The Usher hits
them that ben there / Som7ne entre by forse of threst- tiiem on the \\cm\ 4 yng / And other stryue for to resyste / bom?ne tyme a poure man meschau?<t that hath to-fore be sore sette abacke, is further sette forth than an other / And the most fyers and prowde whom a man durste not tofore 8 tonche / is put further aback, and is in more gretter daunger / There knoweth nonian in certayn yf hys No one is safe in
his situation.
astate be sure or not / But who someuer it be, ahvay he
is in doubte of hys fortune / And whan thou wenest to
12 be most in grace / Thenne remembre the [wordes] of the
poete that sayth / that it is no grete preysynge / for to There's no merit
in having a
haue ben in the grace of a grete jDrynce^ / And to thende Prince's favour, that thou mayst the better knowe now the courte / I 16 wyl dyscryue and dyffyne it to the /
The courte, to thende that thou vnderstande it / is Tiie Court is an
asseinblage of
a couente of peple that, vnder fayntyse of Comyn wele, mutual deceivers, assemble hem to gydre for to deceyue eche other / For
20 ther be not many of them but that they selle, bye / or eschange somtj^me theyr rentes or propre vestementis / For emonge vs of the courte / we be meschaunt^ and, newfangle / that we bye the other peple / And som??2-
24 tyme for theyr money we selle to them our humanyte
precyous / we bye other / And other bye vs / But we who buy and seu
one another.
can moche better selle our self to them that haue to doo wyth vs / how moche thenne mayst thou gete /
28 that it be certayn / or what sewrte / that it be wythout doubte and wythout peryll / wylt thou goo to the court for to selle or lese / the goodnes of vertues whyche thou haste goten wythoute the courte / I saye to the,
32 whan thou enforcest the to entre/ thenne begynnest Any one who
enters it, loses the
thou to lese the seygnorye of thy self / And thou shalt rule of himself,
^ Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est. — Horat. Epist. I, xvii. 35.— P. M.
2 Fr. " marchans affaictez," trick)' dealers. — P. M.
14 Court-Life is evil. The Court is deceitful and ungrateful.
and gets only lies, bur«iens, and troubles.
[* leaf V. back]
Court life is unstable, and evil.
Keep clear of it !
Stand on the bank, and see us wilfully drown in it.
The Court draws simple men to it like a Harlot does, by false promises.
nomore enioye the droyte.s and ryglites of tliy franchyse and liberte / Certes, brother, thou demandest that / whyche thou oughtest to deffye / And fyxest thyn hope in that / that shal drawe the to peryl and 4 perdicion /And yf thou come / the courte shal serue the with so many contryued lesynges on that one parte / And on that other syde, she shal delyuere to the so many cures and charges / that thou shalt haue 8 wytliin thy self contynuell bataylle / thought / and anguysshes / And for certayn a man may^ not *wel saye / that he is wel happy / that in tyme of tempeste is bought, and in so many contrarytees assay eed and 12 prouved /
And yf thou demandest / what is the lyf of them of the courte, I answere the, brother / that it is a poure rychesse / An habundance myserable / an hyenesse that 16 falleth / An estate not stable / A sewrte tremblyng / And an euyl lyf- / And also it may be called of them that ben amorouse, a deserte lyberte^ / Flee, ye men, flee, and holde and kepe you ferre fro suche an assemblee / 20 yf ye wyll lyue wel and surely / and as peple wel assured vpon the Eyuage / beholde vs drowne by our own agreement / And mespryse our blyndenes / that may ne wylle kuowe our propre meschyef / For lyke as 24 the folysshe maronners / whyche somtyme cause them self to be drowned / by theyr dyspourueyed aduyse- ment / In lyke wyse the courte draweth to hym and deceyueth the symple men / and maketh them to desire 28 and coueyte it / lyke as a Eybaulde or a comyn womman wel arayed / by her lawhyng and by her kyssynge / The courte taketh nieryly them that comen therto / in vsyng to them false promesses / The courte 32
1 Or'tg. man.
2 Fr. " aiusi comuie un pilller tremblaut et uue moureuse {al. mortelle) vie."— P. M,
3 French, " de ceux qui sont ainoureux de sainte liberte." Caxton read deserte instead of de sainte. — P. M.
The hajypincss of Private Life, the evils of Court-Life. 15
lawheth atte begynnyng on them that eutre / Aiid
after she grymmeth on them / And somtyme byteth wheu they come,
it bites tliem.
them ryght aygrely / ihe courte reteyneth the caytyuys 4 whiche can not absente and kepe them fro thene / and alday adnewe^ auctoryse and lorshippe vpon suche as they surmounte / The courte also by errovir forgeteth it forgets tiiose
who serve it,
of te them that beste seruen / And dyspende folyly her and spend tiieir
r> IP I'll T / im^'ifiJ' on it.
b propre good for tenryche tnem that ben not worthy /
and that haue ryght euyl deseruyd it / And the man is
vuhappy that is taken in / and had leuer to perysslie /
than to yssue and goo out / And ther to lose hys cours
12 of nature / wythout eiier to haue hys franchyse and
lyberte vntyl hys deth / Beleue surely, brother, and Be sme, Brother,
that you are doing
doubte nothynge, that thou excersysest ryght good and ngiit in keeping ryght proufFytable offyce yf thou canst wel vse thy house.
16 maystryse that thou hast in thy lytyl hous / and thou art and shal be puyssaunt as longe as thou hast, and shal haue of thy self, suffysaunce / For who that hath a smal howshold and lytle meyne, and gouerneth them
20 wysely & in peas / he is a lorde / And somoche more is he ewrous & happy as he more frely maynteneth it / As ther is nothyng so precious vnder heuen / as for to Freedom is tiie
T j; rv. . , . i.1, i! 1 <> ; most precious
be ot sumcient comynycacion wyth iranchyse- / tiling under
24 0 fortuned men / 0 blessyd famyllye, where as is
honeste *pouerte that is content with reson, without [* leafvj.] etyng the fruytes of other mennes labour / 0 wel happy howse, in whyche is vertuc wythout fraude ne barat / 28 and wbyche is honestly gouerned in the drede of god and good moderacion of lyf / There entre no synnes / There is a true and ryghtful lyf / where as is remorse Private life is
J. 11- ; rightful,
01 euery synne, and where is no noyse / murmure ne 32 enuye / of suche lyf enioyeth nature / and in smale''
eases lyueth she longe / and lytyl and lytyl she comcth and comes to an
honest old age. 1 French adroiii^, asserts his authority. — P. M.
^ Al)siird ! French, '^commutation cont re franchise" ex-
changeable value for freedom. — P. M.
3 French tclles, such. — P. M,
16 Live in peace in the Gonntry I Do not come to Court I
Courtiers get weary of life; tliey haste to tlieir deatli.
If, Brother, you have begun an honourable life, don't lose it by coming to Court !
to playsaunt age and houeste ende / For as seyth Seueke in his tragedyes / Age cometh to late to peple of smale howses / "whyche lyue in suffysaunce / But emo?2g vs couTtyours that be seruauntes to fortune / we 4 lyue disordynatly / we wexen old more by force of charges than by the nombre of yeres / And by defaults of wel lyuyng, we ben wery of the swetenes of our lyf / whyche so moche we desire, and haste to goo to the 8 deth, the Avhyche we somoche drede and doubte / Suffyse the thenwe, broder, to lyue in peas on thy partye / & lerne to contents the by our meschiefs / Na mesprise not thy self so moche / that thou take the 12 deth / for the lyf / ^ ^N'e leue not the goodes that thou shalt be constrayned to brynge / For to seche to gete them after wyth grete wayllynges and sorow / whych shal be to the, horryble and harde to fynde^ / Fynably 16 I praye the / counseylle and warne the / that j-f thou hast taken 2 ony holy and honeste lyf / that thou wyl not goo and lese it / And that thou take away that thought, And despyse^ alle thy wyl for to come to 20 courte / And be content to wytlidrawe the wythin thenclose of thy pryue hous / And yf thou haue not in tyme passed knowen that thou hast ben ewrous And happy / thenne lerne now to knowe it fro hens forth / 24 And to god I comande the by thys wrytyng, whyche gyue the hys grace / Amen.
Thiis endeth the Curial made by maj^stre Alain Charretier, Translated thus in Englyssh by Wjdliam 28 Caxton.
1—1 Caxton seems to have misunderstood the French : "Ne delaisse pas a faire le bien que tu serols contraint de reparer par apres a grans regrets pour querir ce que te seroit horrible a trouver. — P. M,
2 French, " se tu prises," if thou appreciatest. — P. M.
3 French, disposes (Du Chesne, dissipes'), not despises. — P.M.
17 INTRODUCTION TO THE BALADE.
Bv PIIOF. PAUL MEYElt.
Caxtoii probably fouiKl in his manuscript of the French Curial the original of the ballaii which he printed at the end of his transla- tion. It is not, however, so far as I can ascertain, included in any manuscript or printed collection of Chartier's works. Thanks to my friend E. Picot's unparalleled knowledge of xv*^" century French poetry, I have been able to trace various copies of it. It seems to have been printed first about the end of the xv*'' cent., in the Javdiii de iilaisauce et fcur de refJiorique (first edition, Paris, Verard, 1499 or 1500).^ It appears in Olivier Arnoullut's edition (1520 — 1.530) at fol. 73 v", anaong some ballads which recent editors have attributed to A^illon. From the Jardhi de ^;/a/6«;?cT, our ballad was transferred by Jannet to his edition of Villon (Paris, 1867, p. 142). It occurs also, printed from a Brussels MS., in La danse aux aveugles et autres poesies du xo" siede, extraitcs de la Bihliotheque des Dues de Boargogne (Lille, A. J. Panckoucke, JklDCCXLVIir, 12°), p. 273, and has been recently edited from a Lyon MS., in a provincial periodical, Lyon-Revue, 1886, p. 307. The ballad is anonymous in all these texts, and so it is in IMS. Bibl. N"at. Fr., 1881, fol. 218 (xv*" cent.), and 2206, fol. 106 (early xvi*'^. But in the British Museum MS., Lansdowne 380, fol. 220, it is attributed to Alain Chartier.^ Still the authorship remains doulttful. It has been supposed by Heer Bijvanck, in his Specimen d'uii essai critique sur les auvres de Franc/As Villon (Leyde, 1882, in 8°), p. 49, that our ballad was the model from which Villon composed his ballad, II n'est soing que quant on a fain (printed by Bijvanck, p. 219, from a Stockholm MS., and presenting Villon's name in acrostic), but it does not follow that the original is Chartier's, the attribution to this author resting only on the authority of the Lansdowne MS., and to a certain extent on Caxton, who seems to have considered it as Chartier's work. One thing is certain, viz. that it is not Villon's, notwithstanding a certain resemblance to his style, as it is by jio means likely that the same poet composed two ballads on the same rhymes.
1 See Brunet, Manuel du librairc, Jaedin.
- '■ Biillade faictc et coinposec pur lu doulx poete, Maistre Alain Charretier," I'o. 218, MS. ySO, 8vo.— Catalogue of the Lansdawne MSS., p. Ill, col. 2.
18 Alain Charticrs French Balade.
Here folloAvs the text of the French ballad from the Paris MS., Bibl. Nat. 1881, with various readings from i\\Q. Jardin de plaisance.'^ The text of MS. 2206 does not differ from that of the Jardin ; both omit the same verse in the third stanza. The text of the Danse aux aveugles is incorrect, and diverges considerably from the one adopted here, as well as from Caxton.
II n'est dangie[r] que de villain,
N'orgueul que de povre enrechiz,
Ne [si] sur chemin que le plain,
Ne secours que de vray ami, 4
Ne desespoir que de jalousie,
Ke haiilt vouloir que d'amoureux,
I^e paistre qu'en grant seignorie,
Ne chiere que d'onime joyeux. 8
Ne servir que de roy souverain,
I^e lait nom que d'omme ahonty,
K"e mangier fors quant on a fain,
N'emprise que d'omme hardi,
Ne povrete que maladie, 12
Ne hante[r] que les bons et preux,
Ne maison que la bien garnie,
Ne chiere que d'omme joieux. 16
Et n'est richasse qu'estre sain,
N'en amours tel bien que mercy,
Ne que la mort riens plus certain,
Ne meilleur chasty que de luy, 20
Ne tel tresor que predommie
N'engoise qu'en cuer convoiteux
Ne puissance on il n'ait envie,
Ne chiere que d'omme joyeux. 24
Que voulez vous que je vous die?
II n'est parler que gracieux,
Xe louer gens qu' apres leur vie
Xe chiere que d'omme joyeux. 28
1 Indicated as J. in the footnotes.
B [s/] from J. 5 The line has its proper length in J., where de is left out. 0 J. N'angome que cucur convoiteux (see 1. 9.2). 7 J. Ke puissance ou il
n\ut envie. 9 J. qu au roy. 10 MS. aliontcy. 17 J. iVe r. que (Ventre. 20 MS. chastcy. 22 This Hue is left out in J. (sec v. G). 23 -J. Nc
jHtistre qu'en grant seigneurle.
19
[BALADE BY ALAIX CHAKTIER.]
(1) Ther ue is dangyer / but of a vylayu, iSTe pi'ide / but of a pouro man enrycbed, 'Ne so sure a way / as is the playn, iNe socour / but of a trewe frende, Ke despayr / but of lalousye, l^e hye corage / but of one Amorouse, Ne pestilence^ / but in grete seygnorye, i^e chyere / but of a man loyous.
(2) Ne seruyse / lyke to the kyng souerayn, 'Ne fowle name / but of a man shamed, Ne mete / but whan a man hath hungre, Ne entrepryse / but of a man hardy, Ne pouerte / lyke vnto maladye, Ne to liaunte / but the good and wyse, Ne liowse / but yf it be wel garnysshed, Ne chyere / but of a man loyous.
(3) Ne ther is no rychesshe / but in helthe, Ne lone / so good as mercy, Ne than the deth / nothyng more certayn, Ne none better chastysed / than of hym self, Ne tresour / lyke vnto Avysedom, 'Ne anguysshe / but of ay herte coueytous, Ke puyssaunce- / but ther men haue enuye, Ne chyere / but of a man loyous. [Envoij.] What wylle ye that I saye 1 Ther is no speche / but it be curtoys, Ke preysyng of men / but after theyr lyf, Ne chyer but of a man loyous. Caxton Caxton may have read pexte. — P. M. ^ o)-iff, pnyssaunce
12
16
20
24
28
[leaf vj. back]
Tliere is no road so sure as a level one.
and no clieer but a joyous man's.
Tliere is no foul name, but of a man who is shamed.
Tliere is no riclies but in health.
There is no treasure like Wisdom.
There is no chocr but a joyous man's.
20
GLOSSARY.
adioustest, 1/23, urgest, briugcst forward.
adnewe, I5/5, renew? But see footnote.
appetytetli, 3/5, Fr. Appiiei: To couet, long for, lust after . . . affect, faiicie, desire nnich.
assoged, 11/iS, Fr. Assiegi . . Besieged, beleaguered.
analed, O/i, debased.
auctoryse, n. I5/5, authority, oppression. Fr. rb. Aactnrlser, Authoriser.
aygrely, 15/3, sharply.
barat, 15/27, cheating.
benediction, 12/14, good name and fame : good place, office.
C'aduqiie, lO/i, Fr. Cadiique: com. Fraile, caduke, feeble, ruinous, readie to fall, vnable to
support it selfe. Cenacle, ll/io, Fr. CmacU, Senacle. A height, or storie in a building, conne, 4/26, 8/2, know how to, be able, can. corage, 3/7, heart, spirit, mind, coiirrour, 7/25, coxuier, runer, runner, courteynes, .5/13. ? courts, or cabinets. Curvall, or courtly, 4/29. deffye, I4/3, Fr. Diffia: To mistrust, despoyntement, 5/28, loss of office, fall.
disaccustomme, rt. T/ig, put out of custom or habit, change, domageus, 8/19, hurtful.
droytes, IO/21, 14/i, Fr. Droict . . right, law . . equitie . . a mans due . . . priuiledge . . power dyspourveyed, I4/26, unconsiderd, ill-considerd, Fr. Bespourveu. empesshe, rt. 2/i, Fr. Empescher. To . . pester, trouble, disturbe, incomber. enclose, I6/22, enclosm-e, walls, enfayned, IO/20, hypocritical, untrustworthy.
enhaunce, vt. 4/30, 5/i8, 6/3, 24, advance, exalt ; enhaunsyng, 0/26, 7/i. enioyed, 2/19, glad, rejoiced at. eupayre, 7/3, Fr. Eiiipiircr, make worse.
enpesshyug, 4/3, Fr. Empeschement . . a let, stop, hinderance, disturbance, comber, eschaufed, 13/i, heated.
ewrous, 5/15, 15/21, Fr. Eureux, Heureux . . Happie, blessed . . . prosperous, luckie, fortunate, exercite, 3/21, Fr. Exercice . . vse, practise, action, fayntyse, 13/i8, pretense, fortuned, 16/24, Fr. Fortune. . Fortunate, happie, luckie ; also, made fortunate, blessed with
good hap. fraunchyse, 2/29, 9/15, Fr. Franchise . . freenesse, libertie, freedome. fjii.ably, I6/16, Fr. Finabtement, Finalenient. Finally . . at the last ; in sumuie, in conclusion,
in the end. gi-ymmeth, 6/25, 15/2, looks grim, frowns at.
haunte, I9/14, Fr. Hani r. To . . resort vnto ; to be familiar with ; to conuerse, or com- merce with, indewly, II/3, unduly, machyne, vt. I2/9, scheme; Fr. MacJiiner. To machinate; frame; contrive, deuise ; to
practise, plot, conspire against, meschaunte, a. 2/33, 14/23, 13/22, Fr. Mcschant. Who has no chance, unlucky, miserable, meschef, 5/25, mishap, ill fortune, mesprysement, 3/g, unclervaluliig, disdahi. misprysest, 3/7, Fr. Mcsjiriser. To disesteeme, contemne, disdainc, despise, neglect, make
light of, set nought by. mondaynes, 9/31, Fr. Mondain . . mimdane, worldUe, secular, nourysshe, II/27, Fr. A'ourrisse, Noarrice: i. A Nurse, oueriseen, 3/13, deceived, mistaken, ouerthrowe, ri. 6/12, tumble over, upset, poursewe, 3/i6, 6/32, Fr. Poursia/r (an old word), as Povrsuivre . . . eagerly to follow or
chose ; earnestly to x^rocecd in, or goe on vi-ith. reffuse, 9/20, Fr. Rfuur. Refuse, resteth, 6/19, there remains.
saye, n. ll/ii, talk, gossip ; or vb. (hearing men) talk, surmounte, 15/6, Fr. Sarmontcr. To surmount, surpasse, get before . . to subdue, vanquish,
ouercome. thene, I6/4, thence? tonne, n. 9/ 18, barrel, vnpourueydly, n/24, without forethought, unpremeditatcdly, Fr. Fourvcoir, Pourrotr, to
provide, verbal, or ful of wordes, 10/21. vermyne, n. 9/3, bugs, &c. wythdraught, n. 7/23, withdrawing-room.
R. CLAY & SONS, LUlITEn, LONDON & BUNGAY.
4^v
1490
ENGLISHT FROM THE FRENCH LJUEE DKS ENEYDES, 1483.
EDITED BY
THE LATE W. T. CULLEY, M.A., Oxford,
A\D
K J. FURNIVALL, M.A., Camb,
HON. DR. PHIL. BERLIN, WITH
A SKETCH OF THE OLD FRENCH ROMAN D'^NJ^AS
BV
DR. SALVERDA DE GRAVE.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY BY N. TrL^BXER & CO., 57 ^l' 59, LUDGATE HILL.
1890.
Lvir.
R. CLAY <fc SONS, LIMITED, LONDON & BUNGAY.
CONTENTS.
PBEPACEj BY THE LATE W. T. CULLEY ...
AFTERWORDS, BY F. J. FURNIVALL
ON THE FRENCH PROSE ENEYDES AND THE OLD VERSE ROMAN d'kNKAS BY DR. SALVERDA DE GRAVE
extracts from the italian prose version of the jsneid in 1476
caxton's prologue
„ table of contents
nisENEYDOS
INDEX AND GLOSSARY, BY MR. THOMAS AUSTIN
COLLATION OF CAXTON's ENGLISH WITH ITS FRENCH ORIGINAL AS SHOWN IN THE LIURE DES ENEYDES, 1483
PAGE
V
XXIX
1
5
10
167
188
PKEFACE.'
This curious little book was printed by Caxton, and specially dedicated to Prince Arthur, eldest son of King Henry VII. It is a translation into English by Caxton himself of a French version of the * Aeneid,' and is a folio, as usual without any title-page ; but Caxton in his colophon at the end gives the date of the translation as June 22nd, 1490, that being probably the period at which he completed it. There are, according to Mr. Blades in his ' Biography and Typography of William Caxton,' eighteen or nineteen copies extant, of which three are in the British Museum, three at St. John's College, Oxford, one at Trinity College, Cambridge, one in the Hunterian Library, Glasgow, and the rest in private libraries. The first and eighth leaves out of a total of eighty-six are blank, but the first is not reckoned in the signature, and the Prologue begins on the second, signed H j. The lines are spaced to an even length, measuring four and three-quarter inches, and thirty-one go to a fuU page. !N"o other edition is known. Caxton englisht his Encijdos either from the French ' llure das eneydes ' printed at Lyons by Guillaume Le Eoy on Sept. 30, 1483, or from a more correct MS. of it. A fairly fuU collation of Mr. Alfred Huth's copy of the French print has been made by Dr. Furnivall — misprints and all — and will be found at p. 188-214 below.
As to the great English printer and his other works nothing need here be said, but we may add a few words on the work before us. It begins with a Prologue by Caxton himself, and ends with a colophon of his own as well, in which he gives the date of the translation. The Prologue is amusing, especially for his perplexity as to the style of words to be used in his translation, I^o doubt the English language was changing very rapidly in Caxton's time, but in his Prologue he uses most plain and excellent English, quite readable at the present ^ By Mr. Cullcy, with a few corrections on pages v — vii by me. — F. J. F.
Yl CAXTON S TRANSLATION. THE FRENCH ENEYDES.
day, and very different to that in which ' Piers Plowman,' for instance, Avas written, not so very much over a century before. The same can hardly be said of the translation, but that seems to be (to some extent) the fault of his original. From a remark of Caxton's in his Prologue, the French version appears to have been written by a priest, who says that he translated it out of Latin into French. On the whole, Caxton adhered faithfully to his original, as in the latter part of the Prologue he states he has done, but he often put two words for one, and the language of the ' Eneydos ' is frequently turgid and exaggerated, epithets being heaped on epithets in a marvellous and bewildering manner, and the tautological repetition of words is wonderful : see in Capitulo x. 39/9, " grete assaultes, effortes and bataylles;" in Cap. xiv. 52/g," thondres, lyghtnynges, choruscaycious and merveyllouse tourmentes ;" Cap. xv. 59/ ig, " had construed, edi- fied and made" (Fr. construit et ediffie). Though the book is not in a general way difficult to read, the construction is curious, as Caxton very often translates the French idiom literally, — as, by the bye. Lord Berners often does in his translation of the French Eomances, — and he frequently uses the French Avords without rendering them into English at all. No better example of the former can be found than in Cap. xvi., p. 63-4, Avlien Mercury addresses Aeneas as " Man effemynate wythout honour ravysshed in to dilectacion femynyne," or of the latter than the use (25/35) *^'^ " syncopysed '"' for fainted, or elseAv here (IG/i) of " orages" for storms, and " suffounge" (87/26) for smoke or fumigate. It is needless to multiply examples which any reader can easily see for himself.
Though Caxton tells us that he translated his French original, the ' Eneydes,' most carefully into English, that French original Avas by no means a literal translation of Virgil's ' Aeneid,' but rather an extremely free paraphrase, — Avith importations from Boccaccio and other authors, omissions and abridgments, — not only telling the story of Aeneas in quite a different Avay to the ' Aeneid,' but occa- sionally giving an altogether different account. It is more or less interesting to trace these differences, and to do so Avill serve as a preliminary digest of the tale. Instead of being in twelve books like the 'Aeneid,' the 'Eneydos' is divided into sixty-five ill-arranged
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ENEYDES AND THE AENEID. VU
chapters of varying length. Its story begins quite differently from the ' Aeneid,' the first book of which is occupied with the shipwreck of Aeneas, caused by Aeolus letting loose the winds at the instiga- tion of Juno ; the kind reception of him and his companions at Carthage by Dido, together with the promise made by Jupiter to Venus of Aeneas's future greatness in Italy ; Venus's appearance to Aeneas after his shipwreck : her brief recital to him of Dido's story, and her changing Cupid into the form of Aeneas's son Ascanius to inspire Dido with love for Aeneas ; while the second and third books are filled with Aeneas's recital to Dido of the story of the de- struction of Troy, and of his six years' wanderings. In the ' Eneydos ' (French, les Eneydes : Caxton turzied this plural into a genitive sin- gular), after a brief prologue by the unnamed author, the first subject handled is Troy, which is said to have been built by Priam. This is odd, as everywhere else Priam is stated to have been the last king of Troy. Here he is said to be son of Laomedon, and descended from Dardanus, son of Jupiter and Electra, which is the old Greek tradition, but it is not mentioned in the 'Aeneid.' Then comes a notice of the siege of Troy by the Greeks under Agamemnon, when Priam, — that his family should not become extinct in case of defeat, — sends his son Polydorus to Plasmator (Poly mestor), King of Tarce (Thrace), Avho, on the decline of Priam's fortune, murders Polydorus and buries him in the sand by the seashore. The first chapter ends by the burning of Troy by the Greeks, only the gate Stex being left. In the second Cap. the gate Stex takes fire, and Eneas flies, bearing his father Auchises, leading his son Yolus (lulus), and accompanied by Creusa his wife. (No mention is made of Sinon and the wooden horse, Laocoon and the snakes, or the loss of Creusa, so particularly described by Aeneas to Dido.) Eneas and the Trojan refugees reach the port of Simois and put to sea, pass Anchandron (Antander) and the forest of Yde, and arrive in Trace, where they begin to build a city, and because the building goes on slowly they hold a sacrifice. This is on the spot where Polydorus is buried ; and on Eneas attempting to cut down some of the bushes to crown his altar with, blood issues from them ; and on his trying to tear them up, Polydorus speaks, tells his sad fate, and inform?
VIU BOCCACCIO S STORY OF DIDO IN THE FRENCH ENEYDES.
Eneas that he must not remain there, but that the gods have ordained Italy as his future home. The third, fourth, and fifth chapters are occupied by this and the obsequies of Polydorus, after which the Tro- jans go to sea. All is described much as by Aeneas himself to Dido in Book iii. of the ' Aeneid,' but at very much greater length, and a considerable portion of the story as told by Virgil is here omitted, namely, in the first place, that which recounts, as related by Aeneas himself to Dido, his voyages to Delos and Crete, the oracle of Delos and the prophecy of the Trojan gods, the visit to the Strophades, the Harpies, and the prophecy of Celseno, though this is referred to long after in Cap. xxxiv., where it is attributed to Anchises. ITo mention is made either of how Aeneas finds Andromache in Epirus, one of the most touching scenes in the ' Aeneid,' of his interview with Helenus, of the arrival of the Trojans in Sicily, or of the death of Anchises, though Anchises is evidently considered as being dead when the Trojans arrive in Italy, and his tomb in Sicily is mentioned in Cap. xxx. Aeneas is not mentioned again till the tenth Cap., and in Cap. vi. we come to Dido, leaving Aeneas at sea, and we are told of the two different stories, one by Boccaccio, the other by Virgil. Boccaccio's story occupies Caps, vi., vii., viii. It does not diff"er seriously from Virgil's, though told at much greater length, up to the foundation of Carthage ; in both we are told of Dido's royal birth, her marriage to Acerbas, otherwise SichiEus, the murder of the latter by her avaricious brother the King Pygmalion, her exodus with a body of followers and her husband's riches, her arrival in Libya, her purchase of land, and the founding of Carthage. The principal differences are, that Dido is said by Virgil to have been made aware by a vision of the murder of her husband, which Pygmalion had long concealed, and that Virgil says nothing of Dido's visit to Cyprus on her way to Libya, which is told at length in " Jlionn bhocace's " story, as quoted by the writer of the * Eneydos ' ; but then Virgil gives Dido's antecedents briefly. The two accounts of Dido's death, however, differ in tofo as to the cause, though not quite so as to the manner, for that taken from Boccaccio relates that a neighbouring king asked Dido in marriage, thrtatening destruction to Carthago if he were refused, and Dido having been inveigled by
BOCCACCIO S AND JUSTIN S STORY OF DIDO IX THE EXEYDES. IX
lior subjects into a statement that it was noble for a person to die for his country, to solve her difficulties ascends an altar and sacrifices herself in public. (Her self-murder as described in the ' Aeneid ' is of course secret.) Tliis description of Dido's life and death is taken from Boccaccio's ' Falles of Princes.' The Latin copy of this work in the Bodleian Library is entitled " Johannis Bocacii de Certaldis historiograplii prologus in libros de casibus virorum illustrium in- cipit," and is dated in MS. " Ylma3 1473." It is not divided into books or chapters, nor are the pages numbered, but our story begins on or al)out page 46, and is headed " de Dydone regina." An early printed translation in the Bodleian is thus entitled, " Here begyn- neth the boke calledde John bochas descrivinge the falle of princis princesses and other nobles trtislated ito Englissh by John ludgate moke of the monastery of seint edmiides Bury at the comandemet of the worthy prince humfrey duke of Gloucestre beginnynge at adam and endinge with kinge John take prisoner in fraunce by prince Edwarde." R. Pynson 1494. Our story conies in tlio second book, and is headed " Howe Dido quene of Cartage slough hir silf for conservacyon of her chastitie." Way land's later edition — (undated) beginning thus, " The Tragedies gathered by Jhon Bochas, of all such Princes as fell from theyr estates throughe the mutability of Fortune since the creacion of Adam until his time : wherin may be seen what vices bring menne to destruccion Avyth noteble warn- inges liowe the like may be auoided. Translated into Englysh by John Lidgate, Monke of Burye. Imprinted at London by John Wayland, at the signe of the Sunne over against the Conduite in Fletestrete," — gives the story at Book ii. Cap. xiii., " Howe Dydo quene of Cartage slough herself for conseruacion of her chastitie." The writer of the ' Eneydos ' of course Avrote from much earlier copies, probably manuscripts, but we seem to have no clue as to tlie period. Tlie story given in the 'Eneydos' as Boccaccio's was taken by Boccaccio, or the authority Boccaccio followed, from Justin, wlio gives the story of Dido, otherwise Ehssa, and the founding of Carthage, in the fourth, fifth and sixth chapters of Book xviii. of his ' HistoricC.' The facts are almost precisely the same as given l)y Boccaccio and quoted in the ' Eneydos,' but the terse Latin of Justin
X JUSTIN S STORY OF DIDO IN THE FRENCH ENEYDES.
contrasts strangely with tlic insufferable verbosity of the 'JFrench writer, who exaggerates most monstrously the brief speeches of Dido as given by Justin. It may be remarked that Justin does not use the name Dido, but only Elissa ; also that the writer of the 'Eneydos ' seems to mistake Fenyce as applied to Dido as being really her name, like Elissa. Virgil, of course, when he speaks of her as Phoenissa in Book iv. of the ' Aeneid ' merely refers to her race. Justin tells us that the African king who sought Elissa (Dido) in marriage was named Hiarbas, which name appears of course in the 'Aeneid.' The ' Eneydos ' omits his name, and only tells us that he was King of the 'musitaynes or momydes.' This may be thus explained : Justin calls him King of the Maxitani, probably a variation of Mauritani, and corrupted by the French scribe or the authority he followed into ' musitaynes ' ; and Eustathius says that he w^as King of the Mazices, otherwise called Numidians, otherwise I^omades^ the wandering tribes, which last appellation appears to have been mis-spelt as to the initial letter by the French author. The author of the ' Eneydos,' too, in comparing the two accounts, seems to think that Virgil must have been right and Boccaccio wrong, and wonders wdiy the latter shoiUd tell a different tale from Virgil. Of course if there is any truth at all in the story of Dido and her founding Carthage, Justin's account is far the more likely to be correct. He says that Carthage was founded seventy-two years before Eome, i. e. in the year B.C. 825, according to common computation. Velleius Paterculus puts the interval at sixty-five years ; Livy, as we gather from the epitome of his fifty-first book, at ninety-three (for he says that Carthage was destroyed in the seven-hundredth year after its foundation, which would place the latter in the year B.C. 846) ; Solinus at one hundred and twenty-nine ; and Josephus apparently at about one hundred and fifty. Against this testimony we can scarcely set Appian's story of the great antiquity of Carthage, which probably is either a myth or refers to an earlier settlement, for it would seem that that enterprising people the Phoenicians had at least one settlement earlier than Carthage on the Libyan coast. All dates in these periods are more or less un- certain, but that commonly accepted for the destruction of Troy is B.C. 1184; and the seventh year of Aencas's wanderings, which is
DIFFEREXCES BETWEEN THE EKEi'DES AND THE AENEID, II — IV. XI
that in wliich he comes to Africa, would be 1177 ; so it is plain that Virgil relegates Dido to those remote ages merely to make an inter- esting incident in his own tale without the smallest regard to history — if indeed the legends of those early days can be called history.
In Cap. ix., after a eulogium on Dido's chastity, we return to our former story. Juno's implacable hatred of the Trojans impels her to persuade Yolus (Aeolus) and IS'eptunus to raise a dreadful storm. around Aeneas's fleet. In the ' Aeneid ' it is only Aeolus to whom Juno applies, and it is Neptune who, roused by the din, rebukes the winds and calms the storm. In Cap. x. the storm breaks on the Trojan fleet, apparently coming from Thrace, as no mention is made of the intervening events related by Aeneas to Dido, or of their visit to Sicily, and drives it shattered on the coast of Libya near Carthage, where Dido receives Aeneas and his shipwrecked comrades kindly, jSo mention is made of Aeneas's recital of his adventures contained in Boolcs ii. and iii. of the ' Aeneid,' but yet here the stories of the ' Aeneid ' and the * Eneydos ' unite, and they go along after this more or less side by side, with certain discrepancies, which it will be curious to observe. The fourth book of the ' xieneid ' is of course
occupied with Dido's unhappy love for Aeneas, his departure, and her melancholy death. The corresponding chapters of the ' Eneydos' are the eleventh to the twenty-ninth, and are very long, verbose, and exaggerated. For instance, Dido's confession of her love to her sister, and the encouraging reply of the latter, are most lengthy and ex- aggerated paraphrases of their words as told in the 'Aeneid.' The events as told in the ' Eneydos ' are pretty much the same as in the 'Aeneid,' but are very differently described. The description of the hunt is much exaggerated, and like that of a mediaeval gathering ; and that of the storm is told at much greater length ; while the lamenta- tion of the nymphs when Aeneas and Dido meet in the cave, one of the most picturesque pieces in the ' Aeneid,' is omitted. The account of Fame is much enlarged, and the prayer of larbas to Jupiter slightly extended. There is also a long account of tlie meeting of Mercury and Atlas, when the former is on his way to warn Aeneas that he must leave Carthage, which is very briefly noticed in the ' Aeneid.' M'nestheus, S-.'rgcstus, and Cloanthus are called Nestor, Sergeste, and
xii DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EXEYDES AND THE AENEID, IV, V.
Cloant. In Cap. xviii. Dido's entreaty to Aeneas is given with much verbosity and repetition, and Aeneas in his reply, when lie puts the responsibility of his departure on Apollo, is made to say, " the god Appollo of the citee of tymbre," whereas the epithet used in the * Aeneid ' is " Grynreus" (v. 345) ; Thymbrteus is, however, used as an epithet of Apollo in lib. iii. v. 85, which was perhaps in the French scribe's mind at the time. Dido's address to Aeneas, Caps. xix. and XX. ('Aeneid,' vv. 365-386), is again dreadfully exaggerated and elongated, as is the comparison of the Trojan sailors to ants, Cap. xxi., ' Aeneid,' v. 401. There is a curious mistake in the heading of Cap. xxii. which runs, " How eneas brake the oken tree for the grete love of Dido." It refers of course to the comparison of Aeneas to an ancient oak in a tempest, ' Aeneid,' v. 441 ; this is very fairly rendered in the ' Eneydos.' The same cannot be said of the descrip- tion of the witch of Atlas and her incantations, briefly noticed in the ' Aeneid,' but given at immense length in the ' Eneydos,' and the same may be said of Dido's invocation of vengeance on the Trojans and prophecy of a future avenger, Cap. xxvii., 'Aeneid,' vv. 610-625. Dido's visions and delusions, too, are told at immense length com- pared with the original; and the comparison of her sufferings to those of Orestes in v. 471 is extended to many lines. The beautiful passage at the end of Book iv. of the ' Aeneid,' 693-705, where Juno sends Iris to cut the fatal lock and release Dido's struggling spirit, is transformed into a strange contest between Iris and Proserpine for the possession of Dido's soul, with a long description of Proser- pine and her power over mortals, and a really ridiculous story about Proserpine's hair, nothing of which appears in the ' Aeneid,' and it would be difficult to say where the writer of the ' Eneydos ' got hold of it. It looks as if he had read an edition of Virgil with copious notes on the superstition of Proserpine's cutting the fatal lock, and tacked them on to the story with his own additions and inventions ! larbas appears in both Justin's story and Virgil's, and in both as a Moorish king and a suitor for Dido's hand ; in the former he is a fierce suitor whose imperious conduct leads directly to Dido's death ; in the latter he is merely " despectus larbas," despite his birth as son of Jove and Garamantis, and exercises little influence on the
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ENEYDES AND THE AEXEID, BK. V. xiii
tale. It is much the same where he appears in the ' Eueydos,' Cap. XV., etc. There he is said to be son of Jove and Nyuyse, goddess of fountains, and daughter of Eazymas. He is said, however, by Ovid ('Fasti,' iii. 553), and SiHus Italians (' de Bello Punico,' viii. 79), to have occupied Carthage forcibly after Aeneas's departure and Dido's death, when Anna fled and landed in Italy, where she was received by Aeneas then married to Lavinia, and finally became a goddess under the tital of Anna Perenna. Ovid in his 'Heroides' (vii. 125), represents Dido as in fear of larbas. In Marlow's tragedy of ' Dido, Queen of Carthage,' larbas, in despair, commits suicide along with Dido, and Anna, enamoured of larbas, does the same, but this is probably only the invention of the playwriter.
After the fourth book, events are told in the 'Eneydos' in pretty much the same sequence as in the ' Aeneid,' but still there are con- siderable differences in places. The fifth book of the * Aeneid ' is occupied by Aeneas's being driven by a storm on the coast of Sicily, his kind reception as before by Acestes, a very long detail of the games at the tomb of Anchises, the attempt of the Trojan women to burn the ships, the founding of a new Troy for the aged and infirm and those who wish to go no farther, the departure for Italy, and the death of Palinurus. Cap. xxx. notices the storm and the arrival in Sicily very briefly, and only just mentions the games which are described at such length and so interestingly in the ' Aeneid.' Cap. xxxi. begins with a brief notice of the attempt to burn the ships, the saving of which is attributed to Ascanius, whereas in the ' Aeneid,' though Ascanius is said to be the first to arrive on the scene, it is Aeneas who saves them by his prayer to Jove, who answers by a thunderstorm sufficiently violent to quench the flames. Four ships are said to be burned in the ' Aeneid,' three in the ' Eneydos.' Cap. xxxi. then briefly notices the foundation of 'New Troy, afterwards called Acestre, after Acestes, king of the country. In the ' Aeneid ' the place is simply called Acesta, and it is to stand in the place of Ilium to those wlio remain in it : it seems afterwards to have been called Segesta. By the bye, the ' Eneydos ' merely says that Acestes was of Trojan lineage, and does not mention his being the son of the river-god Crinisus and a Trojan damsel, as stated in the ' Aeneid,' v. 38. After
XIV DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EKEYDES AND THE AEKEID, VI, VII.
loriefly noticing the departure from Sicily and the death of Palinurus, Cap. xxxi. says the Trojans landed on an isle called Tulyola, where Avas a city called Tlietys, after a nephew of Eneas, who settled in it after conquering Italy. Here it says Daedalus took refuge Avhen he flew from Crete, and hei'e begins a long digression on the history of Diedalus, Minos of Crete, his wife (here called Pasyfa), the Laby- rinth, Aegeus, Theseus, and Ariadne, here called Adryane, ending with the flight of Dtedalus and the death of Icarus (here called ' sycarus '), only Dasdalus at the end is said to have arrived in Sar- dayne. This occupies as well all Cap. xxxii., and this long story is all founded on a very few lines in the beginning of Book vi. of the ' Aeneid,' vv. 15 — 30, where Daedalus is briefly mentioned, and is said to have founded the temple of Apollo at Cumse, and dedicated his wings there to the god. The sixth book of the ' Aeneid ' begins
with Aeneas's arrival at Cumse. This is called in the ' Eneydos,' Cap. xxxii., the "yle of Eulyola," as in xxxi. Tulyola. This may have some connection with " Euboicis Cumarum allabitur oris," ' Aen.' vi. 2, as Cumse in Italy was founded by joint colonies from Chalcis in Euboea and Cumte in Asiatic Aeolia, led by Megasthenes and Hippocles respectively, and Eulyola may be intended to bear a resemblance to Euboicse. The rest of the sixth book is entirely occupied by Aeneas's visit to the Cumsean Sibyl, and his descent into Avernus. The latter event is very briefly noticed by the writer of the ' Eneydos,' who expresses his disbelief in it. He evidently looks on the ' Aeneid ' as in the main a true story, and thinks it marred by the introduction of such an improbable occurrence. His remarks on the matter in the beginning of Cap. xxxiii, are very amusing. The two last lines of Book vi. of the ' Aeneid ' bring
Aeneas from Cumaj to Caieta. Book vii. describes his arrival in the Tiber, and after an account of Latinus, his kingdom and family, and of Turnus, goes on to describe the fulfilment of Celseno's prophecy, the embassy to Latinus and its gracious reception, the evil influence of Juno on Amata and Turnus, the accidental wounding by Ascanius of Sylvia's deer, the consequent skirmish and commence- ment of hostilities, and winds up with a long account of Latin chiefs who rally round Turnus's standard. To this book correspond more
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ENEYDES AND THE AENEID, BK. VII. XV
or less Caps. xxxiii.-ix. of the 'Eneydos,' but with mauy discrepancies. 2so mention is made of Juno, Alecto, or Amata. The few lines at V. 45 of Book vii. describing Latinus's descent are magnified into a sort of chronology or history of Italy from Latinus's predecessors to Julius Caesar ! This is in Cap. xxxiv.
There are said to have been seven Italian kings reigning for one hundred and fifty years up to the time of Aeneas's arrival, but only five are given, Janus, Saturnus (distinctly said not to be the father of Jupiter), Pyrrus, Faunus, and Latinus. Yirgil mentions Latinus, Faunus, Picus, and Saturn. There are also said to be seven kings reigning after Romulus, but only the usual six are named, their names being wonderfully spelt. The period allotted to them is much the same as given by Livy and others, viz, two hundred and forty years. Aeneas lands (Cap. xxxiii, ) at the mouth of the river Tonyre, and the fulfilment of the prophecy of Cela^no is here men- tioned, though it had not been mentioned before in the ' Eneydos,' and is here attributed to Anchises, not to the Harpy. It is true that Aeneas on this occasion does say that Anchises had explained the mystery of the prophecy to him, which might lead to the error of attributing to him the prophecy itself. In Cap. xxxv. we are told, as in the ' Aeneid,' that Latinus called his capital Laurence (Laurens), from a laurel growing in the palace, but we are also told that it was first called Lamyra, from Lavynus, King Latinus's elder brother. This story is told by Servius, who calls it Lavinum, from Lavinus, but whence he got it is not known, and it looks like a confusion with the Lavinium founded afterwards by Aeneas in honour of Lavinia, daughter of Latinus. It is not in Virgil at all. In Cap. xxxvi. Ilioneus is called ' dyoneus.' Turnus (Cap. xxxiii.) is quaintly described as " a bacheler of ytalie — y* was moche preu and hardy." In Cap. xxxviii. is described the fray caused by Ascanius inadvert- ently wounding Sylvia's tame deer. Sylvia is here described as the daughter of Turnus, and the young man slain iu the fray as son of Turnus ; in the ' Aeneid,' Sylvia and the youth (Almo) are children of Tyrrheus, shepherd to Latinus ; and Turnus's children, here men- tioned as two sons and a fair daughter, do not appear at all in the ' Aeneid,' where Turnus is introduced as quite a young man. The
XVI DIFFERENCES RETWEEX THE EXEVDES AND THE AENEID, VITI, IX.
host gathered by Turnus as dcscril)cd at length in vv. 047 — 815, ' Aen.' ]]ook vii. is mentioned very briefly in Cap. xxxix. as of lombardye, " to scane, and the valles of ytalie," and no one is named save Camilla, here called ' canulla,' and said to come from ' prouerne ' (Privernum), and to be daughter of, ' medabus ' (Metabus).
Book viii. of the ' Aeneid ' begins briefly with Turnus's embassy to Diomede to ask help, and then gives at length Aeneas's journey on a similar errand to Evander, an Arcadian settled at Mount Palatine on the Tiber, at the instigation of Father Tiber who appears to him in his sleep. Evander receives him kindly, tells him the story of Cacus, promises him his son Pallas with four hundred horse, and sends him on to the Tyrrhenes, who have just expelled their king Mezentius for his cruelty. It winds up with Venus giving Aeneas a splendid set of arms which she persuades Vulcan to forge for him, and on the shield is engraven the future story of Pome, much to Aeneas's astonishment. Caps. xl. and xli. of the 'Eneydos' correspond to this, but tell the tale briefly, omitting the story cf Cacus and the expedition to the Tyrrhenes. Evander is said to be nephew of King Thalamus of Archade, to have left his native land on account of having killed his father by advice of his mother Vyceta, to have settled on mounte Palatyne on the river Tonyre, and to have a town called Palence, after King Palantyne of Archade. He is said to have a daughter, Palencia, and a son, Palas, whom he gives to Eneas with four thousand men. His wife is also mentioned as grieving over Palas's departure, N'othing of this appears in Virgil, where Evander's mother is Carmentis,— his wife from vv. 158, 159 of Book xi. is evi- dently dead, — and no daughter is spoken of. His city, Pallanteum, is named after an ancestor, Pallas : some historians say it was after a similarly named city in Arcadia, from whence he came. Elsewhere we find that he had two daughters, Eome and Dyna, but they are not mentioned in the * Aeneid,' which seems to imply that Pallas was an only child. Evander's parting address to his son is very correctly translated in the ' Eneydos,' but no mention is made of Venus's gift to Aeneas.
The principal events of Book ix. are Turnus's attack on the Trojans, instigated by Juno, during Aeneas's absence, the burning
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ENEYDES AND THE AENEID, IX, X. XVll
of tlie Trojan ships and tlieir wonderful metamorphosis into sea- nymphs, the fierce conflict round the Trojan camp, and the sally of Nisus and Euryalus. This is told with no important variation except that we are not told that Turnus got inside the Trojan camp (ix. vv, 725 — 818), and Nisus (Xysus) and Euryalus (Eryalus) are repre- sented as being mounted. The names are often wonderfully spelt; Volscens, who intercepts jSTisus and Euryalus, is called Bolcus. Can the mis-spelling arise from a mistaken sound, as if the story had been written down from oral repetition, not copied from a book 1 Some other of the wonderful variations from the Latin names suggest the same idea. No mention is made of Juno's message by Iris to Turnus, or the metamorphosis of the Trojan ships, though their burning is described : similarly the Council of the Gods mentioned in the beginning of Book x. is omitted in Cap. xlviii., which corresponds to it. Such incidents, the scribe of the ' Eneydos ' evidently thinks un- worthy of a true story such as he is translating from Virgil. The spectral image of Aeneas which, by retreating, lures Turnus from the bnttle and on board the empty ship that carries him Avith the current to Ardea is attributed, not to Juno, as by Virgil, but to the Fiend ! Here we may notice that Ardea is called 'darda,' and Daunus, Turuus's father, ' daryus.'
Tiie events of the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth books are pretty faithfully followed in the ' Eneydos,' viz. Aeneas's return with Pallas and the Tyrrhenes under Tarchon, the battle, Ascanius's sally, the deaths of Pallas, Mazentius, and Lausus, the truce, the return of the embassy to Diomede, Latinus's council, the second battle and death of Camilla, the arrangement for single combat between Aeneas and Turnus, the renewal of hostilities, the suicide of Amata, the single combat between Aeneas and Turnus, and the death of the latter. The story is however differently told in the ' Eneydos ' in a few particulars. Aeneas's visit to the Tyrrhenes is not mentioned ; nor is their army which returns with him, and is described at length in the ' Acneid,' Book x. vv. 1G5 — 212, mentioned either, except to say that Aeneas returns Avith " moclie folke " from Palence, viz. thirty ships under King Carton ; and the fact is mentioned that Carton's (Tarchon's) ship was too big ("to grete")F to get into the haven.
ENEYDOS. b
Xvili DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ENEYDES AND AENEID, BKS. XI, XII.
Virgil's account is that it ran aground and came to pieces. The deaths of Lausus and Mezentius are very correctly taken from Virgil. Of course the meeting of Aeneas -with his OAvn ships in the shape of nymphs is ignored, as is the sending of Opis by Diana to avenge the death of Camilla, here called CanuUa. Her slayer Aruns is called Anyus, and is said to be slain by a maid in revenge for her mistress's death. Chloreus, Avhom Camilla was pursuing when struck by Arims, is called Cleonis, and is said to have been a bishop in Troy ! In the ' Aeneid ' he is " sacer Cybele — olimque sacerdos." Diana's long account of Camilla and her father to Opis, vv. 532-594, is also omitted. In Cap. Iv., on the renewal of hostilities, Turnus makes " bussynes and trompettes to be blowen." This is a translation of
" Bello dat signum rauca cruentum Buccina." — ' Aeneid,' lib. xi. v. 475.
In Cap. Iviii. the Latin queen Amata, here called Amatha, is at last mentioned as endeavouring to dissuade Turnus from single combat with Aeneas, and her death is mentioned in Cap. Ixi, The interference of the gods, which plays so important a part in Virgil's story, is still ignored by the scribe of the ' Eneydos,' though admitted previously in Book iv. Juturna's interference at the instigation of Juno (Book xii. v. 221) in the arrangements for the single combat is left out, and all the blame for the resumption of hostilities laid on Tolumnius, here called Tholomseus, " a deuynowre," nor is her appear- ance as Turnus' s charioteer (v. 467) mentioned. Most of the fighting, however, is pretty faithfully copied from the ' Aeneid,' and so is the death of Turnus in Cap. Ixii., which winds up immediately after Turnus dies with the entirely extraneous sentence —
" All thus was conquered all Lombardye and the pucelle Lauyne by the hande of eneas."
Here the story of the ' Aeneid ' ends, but the ' Eneydos ' contains three more chapters, giving a history of Aeneas and Lavinia, and the Alban kings that succeeded them. This requires little notice. Three Eoman writers have left lists of the Alban kings, viz. Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and, oddly enough, Ovid, in his 'Metamorphoses' : Dionysius alone gives the length of their reigns ; and all three accounts differ in the order of succession and names of these kings.
ADDITIONS IN THE ENEYDES TO VIRGIL S STORY. XIX
The account given in Cap. Ixv. of the 'Eneydos' differs from all the others both in order of succession and names of the kings, and gives the length of the reigns differently to Dionysius ; moreover, the reigns as given in both fall far short of the four hundred and seven years given both in Caps. Ixv. and xxxiv. as the period from Aeneas to Eomulus. As to the history of that period as given here it is impossible to offer any opinion, as no two historians give a similar account. As Livy says (lib. i, cap. 3), " quis enim rem tarn veterem pro certo afhrmet 1 " It is curious to see the term Lombardy, belonging to a different place and a very different period, applied to the Latin kingdom, and the attempt to reconcile the chronology of the Alban period with that of contemporar}- states is interesting. According to the scribe of the ' Eneydos ' the Israelitish Exodus from Egypt took place about one hundred and forty years before the time usually ascribed to it, and there is a similar difference as to King David ; as to the date assigned to Homer, the scribe of the ' Eneydos ' is perhaps as likely to be right as any one else. It ends very abruptly.
On the whole the ' Eneydos,' as englisht by Caxton from the French Eneydes, is a romance mainly following the outlines of Virgil's story in the ' Aeneid,' but by no means a translation of it, and the Avi'iter of the French original seems to have possessed some historical information which he interpolates from time to time, by way of, in his opinion no doubt, improving the story. These inter- polations we have in some measure endeavoured to trace. As to the date Ave know nothing, except that it must have been written later than Boccaccio's 'Fall of Princes,' and Boccaccio died in 137G. In being founded on an existing work, it differs from many of the early French Eomances, which for the most part are either pure fable or founded on legends little better than mythical. ^ We are in equal ignorance as to the author, but from different little things in the tale, as well as what Caxton says in the beginning of his Prologue, the writer was probably an ecclesiastic.
^ Like Virgil's ' AenciJ,' may we say ? — F.
h2
AFTERWORDS BY F. J. FURNIVALL.
Our kind helper Mr. Culley unhappily died from a disease in tlie throat, hefore he could revise his Preface, written hefore — hy the help of Prof. P. Meyer, Brunet's Manuel, 1814, and the Huth Cata- logue— I had found out the wrongness of Mr. Blades's statement that no copy of the French original of the Encijdos was known. When Mr. Culley — who had always taken interest in the E. E. Text Soc— told me that he had kept up his Oxford classics, I askt him to edit for us this Caxton's Eneydm which Mrs. A. Furnivall had copied for the Society. As I agreed to read it for him with Caxton's print, revise his side-notes when needed, and get the index and glossary made for him by Mr. T. Austin, Mr. Culley agreed to help us, and he saw the text through the press. When he came to London to be under his doctor, he was too ill to collate the English with its Prench original, and so I did it,^ Mr. Alfred H. Huth continuing the kindness which his father always showd me, and for which I heartily thank him. Would that the Ashburnhams were like the Huths, Spencers, Crawfords, and the other generous owners who so freely grant the use of their treasures to us literary antiquaries !
As Dr. L. Kellner will treat thoroughly Caxton's syntax in his Introduction to our old printer's BJanchardijn — which I hope will go out with this Eneijdos, for the text has all been long in type — I need do nothing more here than refer the reader to my collation of the English and French texts of the present version of Virgil's poem on pages 188-214 below. He will see that Caxton often keeps up the earlier English custom of using two equivalents for one French
1 The misprints in the French text both amused and comforted me, so I left them, to show that Lo Hoy was more careless than Caxtou.
INFLUENCE OF FUENCII ON ENGLISH. XXI
word,^ thougli lie sometimes (but rarely) reverses tlie process, and puts only one English for two or more French.'^
Dr. Kellner's contention, that though Caxton imported French Avords freely, he did not import French constructi(jns, I mot by citing Caxton's ' the his ' (23/19) ^^^ ^^^ French le aieu ; '^ and I suppose that arrangements like ' the lugemente that to hym was fortunat ' (25/ 1 6), are due to French influence, *wi im/ement que luy estoit for- tune ; but Dr. Kellner is no doubt riglxt in the main. Still, I never felt how largely French construction has influenst English, till the often-by-me-sought source of our ' How do you do ' turnd up one day in the old French
[" Comment le faites vous, comment vous portez-vous ]]
Lors li dist la dame, comment
Le faites-vous, biaus tres douc sire 1
Eoman du chastelain de Couci, v. 3488.
II li demandent de lur piere,
Et coment lefesait lur miere. — Lai d'Havcloc, v. 562.
Que fait [How does] mes sires 1 est-il sains et haities 1
iLoncevaux, p. 159."
Hippeau. Glossa/re, Pt. II, 1872, p. 170.
Since this, I've always felt humble when I've met a Frenchman ; and if he'd claimd all England and English Literature as French, I
1 sorowfulle and bywepte, esplourec, 19/ 1-2 ; cliasse and liunte, cliaccr, 51/36 ; appareylled and couered, coiouerte, ^iji'j ; &c., &c.
2 ' places ' for lieiox ct places 26/32, ' maydens ' for pucellcs oil, ictmcs filles 29/27, ' the owle ' for la voix do lafrezaye auUremcnt dit cJieucche 80/ 14, ' techer ' iov enseigiuresse ct doctrisse 85/5, ' kynge ' for roy ct sire II4/24, ' wente ' for vindrcnt <fc errerent 123/28, ' wyses ' for faccns d: manures I23/55. See also tue <0 occis 'pour sa cjrand forcenerie, slayne, 153/2 ; moult ire <L- coiirrouee, sore an- angred, 143/6; aioiostances ffio apjjcndances, appurtenaunces, I64/25 ; &c., &c.
3 On the other hand, he gives hors du sens its English equivalent of ' hesyde hymself ' 59/33, tho' he renders forccnee by 'mad and beside herself 97/9-10. (A woman) ensainte is englisht ' wyth chylde ' 117/5, vers la bout dc la ntf is ' vpon the forcastell ' II6/26, and purees is ' made fayre ' 83/6.
When Caxton thinks his literal englisliing of the French may be misunder- stood, as in describing Dido's moderate-sized nose, he enlarges le ncs moijcn into 'a meane noose, not to grete nor to lytell ' II2/28. So also cspietos aguz is reuderd 'logges wyth sharpc yron atte the ende' I38/22-31.
Xxii THE ROMAN d' ENEAS, AND THE ITALIAN PROSE 147G.
should hardly have dared say that they helongd to us.^ Who too would have thought that Ave owd ' mother country ' to France 1 Yet there it is in the Eneydes, 'la doulce terre mere,' p. 192 below, 29/4-5 > ^^^ *^^^^ Caxton actually left out the mere, aud englisht' the swete conntrey ' only ! ^ - However, we'll forgive him, for his delight- ful bit about the egges and eyren at the Kentish Foreland, p. 2-3, his praise of Skelton, p. 3-4, and his touch 'when we halowe ouy solempnyte in the tyme of somer ' (I7/22), to be compared with the French, p. 189, col. 2. If only Caxton would have written us an account of the Eugland of his time, how gladly we'd have done without his englishing one or two of his didl foreign books !
The other point on which I wisht information to be given in this edition, Avas, what is the relation of the prose Eneydes to the early verse Roman tVEneas, and of that to Virgil's Aeneid. Luckily Prof. Paul Meyer reviewd in the last number of the Romania Dr. Salverda de Grave's Introduction to the edition of the Roman Avhich he has been for some time preparing. And at my request Dr. de Grave has been kind enough to write us the short essay which follows, and for which we all thank him.
On pages xxix — xxxi I have added a few extracts from the Italian prose shortening of the Aeneid, translated (X) from the Greek of Athanasius in 1476. The student who wishes to follow the Middle-Age changes of Virgil ^ further, should read
1. ' Virgilio nel Medio Evo, per Domenico Comparetti, Livorno, 1872 : Parte prima, Virgilio nella Tradiziona Letteraria fino a Dante ; Parte seconda, Virgilio nella Legenda Popolare.' See the Table of Contents (Indice) at the end of Part II.
1 Our good friend Prof. Paul Meyer is now writing an Essay in wliioh he claims that in the early part of the 14th century, French had ahnost driven English out of England. He thinks it ' a very great pity ' that his French did not wholly conquer, as then all Britain, America, India and our Colonies would have spoken French, and we should all have been saved the trouble of learning it. Chaucer, Shakspere, Milton &c. would have written in French too (poor things !), and French would have been the ruling tongue of the world.
^ Our old worthy's worst-looking rendering in his translatioii is ' tygrcs iu- fernalle ' for the French tigcs stocks (? families, deities) of hell ; but as Prof. P. Meyer doesn't acknowledge tiges as the right word here, Caxton probably found tigrcs in his original, which is occasionally better than the printed text.
3 The man. For the Aeneid, sec M. Parodi's book, p. xxvii, note ', below.
THE EOMAN d'kNEAS AND THE ITALIAN PROSE 1476. Xxiii
2. Master Virgil. The Author of the Aeneid as he Seemed iu the Middle Ages. A Series of Studies by J. S. Tunison, 1889. (Eobert Clarke & Co. $2.00.)
* The Studies discuss the diabolism, the superstitions, and science of the middle ages, and the magical and prophetic character of the author of the Aeneid, from its rise in fables to its outcome in the legends that "were generally accepted at the close of the medi?eval epoch.'— L?Y, World, Boston, U.S.A., 1889.
The English black-letter Virgilius of about 1520, which was iu Laneham's or Captain Cox's famous Library, and which I skfitcht in my Introduction to 'L.'s Letter of 1575 in the Ballad Society, was reprinted by Thorns in his 'Early Prose Romances,' Pickering, 1827. The old title is
'This Boke treateth of the Lyfe of Virgilius, and of his Deth, And Many Maruayles that he dyd in his Lyfe Tyme by "Whychcraf te and Nygramancye thorough the helpe of the Deuyls of Hell.' The colophon is ' Thus endethe the lyfe of VirgUius with many dyuers consaytes that he dyd. Emprynted in the cytie of Anwarpe By me lohan Doesborcke dwellynge at the canierporte.' 4to, 30 leaves. Bodleian (Douce). — Hazlitt, — F. J. F.
3 St. George's Sq. Primrose Hill, N. W. May 24-5, 18S9 ; 1.40 a.m.
ON THE ENEYDES AND THE ROMAN H^NEAS,
BY
DR. SALVERDA DE GRAVE.
The inquiry naturally arises, ' Did the author of Caxton's original, the French prose Enemies, use any of the numerous ]\Iiddle- Age versions of the Aeneid, or did he work — as he says he did — from Virgil's own poem % ' The many changes that the French writer made in Virgil's story — see p. vii — xix above — favour the view that at least some of his alterations were due to former hands, but iny searches for these have been hitherto in vain, and I doubt whether any future student will be more fortunate in discovering them, though I hope he may be.
Meantime, among the earlier versions of the Aeneid already known to us, the verse Roman d^Eneas presents itself in the first place : it is the oldest existing version of Virgil's poem in the vulgar tongue. Being occupied in preparing an edition of this Old-French romance, and having already published the results of my researches on its relations to Virgil,^ I have been asked by Dr. Furnivall to add to the edition of Caxton's Eneydos some observations on the Rovuin d'Eneas, and to see whether any relation exists between it and Caxton's original, or if they are independent of one another. As to the latter question, if there is any connection between them, it is so remote that it is of very slight importance. However, I will say something of the Roman d'Eneas, because of the literary interest in comparing how the same matter is treated by a poet of the twelfth century and by one of his prose compatriots of three centuries later.
There is no doubt that the Roman d'Eneas (the author of which is unknown) was translated directly from the Aeneid of Virgil. The supposition of a school version in prose as the immediate original of 1 Introduction a une edition critique du Roman d'Eneas. La Hayc, 1SS8.
CHANGES FROM THE AEXEID IN THE HOMAN D ENEAS. XXV
the Old-French romance is inadmissible. The two poems are so entirely alike, not only in the main lines of the narrative, but also in most of the particulars, that there is no need to separate the French romance from the great Latin poem. However, the translation is far from being literal. The various episodes of Aeneas's voyages and Avars are to be found in it as well as in Virgil, but the manner in which they are told is completely different. Indeed, the poets and artists of the Middle Ages, instead of treating antiquity with the same respect as we do, try to adapt the adventures of classic heroes to the customs and usages of their own later age ; to them the local colour was little ; and so they regenerate Aeneas, and turn him into a ' chevalier ' surrounded by his ' barons,' who fights in just the same way as the hero of a ' chanson de geste.'
This is the chief reason why the Old-French romances imitated from classical poems jDreserve such an individual character. Another reason is this, that the Old-French poets don't content themselves with the marvels they find in the original, but add to them still greater prodigies, and overload their translations with the descrijjtion of marvellous tombs and magnificent costumes, which appear to us puerile, or at least misplaced in a masterpiece of antiquity.
The anonymous translator and converter of the Aeneld into the Roman cVEneas is a great friend of such descriptions and interpola- tions. In my Introduction I have tried to find the sources whence he got the materials for his additions. Certainly not in the glosses of an Aeneid manuscript ; for in no such manuscript did I find glosses that could be considered as having furnished material to the French writer. I believe, therefore, that he took them here and there, and I have pointed out three sets of sources that helped him :
1. the classic authors (Ovid, and perhaps Lucian and Statins);
2. the ' Bestiaires ' — for instance, that of Philippe de Thalin ;— 3. tlie ' Chansons de geste,'
The beginning of the ' Eoman ' is different from the Latin : in- stead of throwing us in medias res, the French poet takes from the Second Book of the Aeneid the history of the destruction of Troy, and places it in the front of his translation. It has been said that this change was made in order to couple the Roman de Troies, by
XXvi CHANGES FROM THE AENEID IN THE ROMAN d'^NEAS.
Benoit de Sainte-lMore, with the Roman d'JEneas. However, this alteration of the beginning is common to many of the mediaeval Aeneid translations, and it is probable that they all made that change for the same reason, namely, the irregularity of the proceeding of Yirgil in not beginningai ovo, and in presupposing as known to his readers particulars that he has not yet mentioned. The prose Eneydes too changes Virgil's beginning. Moreover, it not only consults the Second Book of the Aeneid, but it takes from the Third Book the account of Aeneas finding Polydorus's grave. The Roman d' Eneas, on the contrary, passes by the whole of Virgil's Third Book.
I will now enumerate the most important additions and changes of the Roman d' Eneas :
1. The judgment of Paris. The same episode is related in the Eomance of Troy, Avith some difterences.
2. The full description of the palace of Dido.
3. Aen. I. 656. Venus takes Ascanius to her, and gives his shape and figure to Cupid, who must excite Dido's love for Aeneas; the Roman d' Eneas, on the contrary, says that Venus gives to As- canius himself the power of inflaming Dido's heart.
4. The priestess of whom Dido speaks to her sister becomes a sorceress.
5. The description of the infernal regions is very different from the Latin.
6. The skill of the tame stag of Tyrus's daughter Silvia,
7. Long description of Camilla.
8. Accounts of the adultery of Venus and Mars : this episode was probably taken from the Metamorphoses of Ovid.
9. Turnus, having killed Pallas, takes a ring off his finger.
10. Description of Pallas's tomb.
11. Description of Camilla's tomb.
12. Love of Aeneas and Lavinia. This is undoubtedly the most important addition ; the love-scenes and monologues of this episode occupy nearly a sixth part of the whole romance. The addition is important for Old-French literature, because it brings the Roman d' Eneas near to Benoit's Roman de Troies, in which an analogous episode has been inserted.
THE ENEYDES AND THE HISTOIRE ANCIENNE. XXVll
These few observations will enable the readers of Caxton's trans- lation to remark the difference between the manner of treating antique matters by the poet of the Old-French romance and that of the author of the prose Enei/des. The chief difference is this, that the candour, the spontaneity of the Roman cV Eneas have disappeared ; this is also the principal reason why the prose Eneydes is infinitely less interesting for the history of literature than the Old-French poem.
The influence of the Roman d'Eneas on later Virgilian literature has not been so great as might be expected. M. Parodi, in his interesting studies on the Italian translations and versions of the Aeneld} after having proved that only one translator used the Roman d'Eneas, has given a very probable reason for it, namely, that no translation could rival in popularity the Aeneid itself, and that there- fore, whosoever occupied himself with the Aeneid went direct to the original.
After this digression I return to the question T placed in front of my little essay. I call the attention of the readers of Caxton to a version of the history of Aeneas that has been pointed out by IM. Paul Meyer, in Vol. xiv. of the Romania, p. 36, &c. This version forms a part of a Treatise on Ancient History,^ very popular in the Middle Ages, as is proved by the great number of its manuscripts that M. Meyer speaks of. This version offers an interesting coincidence with the Eneydes.
Tumus, after having killed Pallas, takes the belt, riclily gilt, belonging to his vanquished enemy, and adorns himself with it {Aen. X, 495) :
. . . . Et laevo pressit pede tnlia fatus Exammem, rapiens immania pondera baltei Impressumque nefas. . . .
In the Twelfth Book of the Aeneid, (line 941) Aeneas has van- quished Tumus; he takes pity on him, and is near pardoning and
' I rifacimenti et le traduzioni Italiane dell' Eneidi di Virgilio, prima del Riuasciniento. Studii di lilologia rouiaiiza.
- It is a history of the World, from the Creation to Rome, but deals cliielly witli the history of Troy.
xxvm T[iE nisroiRE axcienne and the eneydes.
spariug him ; but lie sees Pallas's belt on tlie shoulder of his opposer ; this view excites his rage, and he kills Tiirnus :
.... infelix humero quam adparuit alto Balteus, et notis fulsorunt cingula bullis Pallantis pueri.
In the Hldoire Ancienne, instead of the belt, it is the ring of Pallas which Turnus takes from him ; but, in the last episode, it is said that Eneas sees ' the girdle and the ring ' of Pallas, worn by Turnus. How to explain this contradiction matters little, but it is remarkable that exactly the same terms are found in the Eneydes : on the occasion of Pallas's fight with Turnus, the author of the Eneydes mentions the 'ring,' p. 140 below, line 16; and in the episode of Aeneas's fight with Turnus he speaks of ' the girdle and the ring,' p. 162 below, 1. 15.
Unless we take this coincidence to be fortuitous (which is very unlikely), it can only be explained by accepting a common version from which both the Histoire Ancienne and the Eneydes descend, or which both knew. Perhaps though the author of the Eneydes took the difference above-named from the Histoire Ancienne itself. Trac- ing back higher still, we find in the Roman d' Eneas the belt also changed for a ring ; only, in both episodes, the poet speaks only of a ring, and omits the girdle in the second. So we can say that the hypothetical version of the Aeueid we accepted for the Histoire Ancienne and the Eneydes is remotely related to the Roman d' Eneas.
As to the Eneydes, the only fact we can assert is this : it is possible that its author had before him the Latin poem itself, but he used at the same time a former translation or version of Virgil's work.i
Paris, May 20th, 1SS9.
^ I do not find in the Italian translations, or in the Latin or Italian versions of the Adicid spoken of by M. Parodi, one sinjjle particular that indicates a relation of any one of them to the Eneydes.
THE ITALIAN PROSE VERSION OF 1476.
This little Italian Quarto — a-m in 8s, n in 6 — contains the Italian Translator's Prologus ^ giving liis reasons for setting forth the book, then a short sketch (9i- lines) of Eneas's person, &c. 'Qui parla la natione ele fatezze de Enea,' and naming ' Yirgilio / il cui libro scriuere intendo,' followd by the Prologue of the Greek Athanasius's prose version of the Aene.id, which (I suppose) the Italian says he wiU translate : —
Questo e il prologo dil greco athanagio [a 3]
[/^ Onciosiacossa che uirgilio, homo scientatissimo, poeta optimo / \j ] di natione ma?ituano di sangue / ISTom cossi / come di nobile uirtute Inte?idesse di co?/?pilare / adornare / et a laude de octauiano Augusto, secondo imperadore di Eoma, Ifepote di lulio ciesare / E suo figliuolo adoptiuo et herede : Alcuno libro de la uita militare / Cioe de la scienza de le battaglie. Pcro che de la due altre uitc / le q?<rtle iuvono anzi che lhu??iana generatio?iee ^ Tre generationi di ge?ite furono in roma. Troiaui da Enea. Greci da euandro, che fue darchadia. sabini dale donne che rapite ronndo ala festo e per/cusio titio. Constricta per cupidine di potentia cmn ferri spandesse sangue humano, cio f u lagiorgica e la buccolica de la uita pasturale /' e de la uita agriculturale. Aue astricto. scrisse questo libro de li magnifichi facti e felicie opere de Enea. dal qwalle il dicto Octauiano disciese. II quale libro el greco Athanagio, de li greci doctore maiore : homo discrete e litterato, cma molta fatica recho deuersi in prosa, Lascian- donc cierta parte senza la cpiale li parue clie (piesto libro stare sulli- cientemente potesse. Et lui possia ad instantia dicta no/< niolto leuemente di gra??imatica in lingua uolgare translatoo,
^ On a 2, aftur the headiug '.P. Maroiiis Virgilii Liber Eiieidos fehciter Incipit.'
2 Sign, a 3 back.
XXX THE ITALIAN PROSE VERSION OF 1J70.
Compendium omnium librorum eneidos.
r rimus habet lybicam / ueniawt ut Troes in urbem. ^ Edocet excidium Troiaj : clademque secundus. Tertius a Troia uectos cauit equore Teucros. &c. &c.
Then a Compendium of the 1st Book on a 4; i lines of ' Principium quo usus est Virgilius. sed decisum fuit a Tuca. et Varro.' Then
[a 4 bk.] Sequitur verum principium.
A
Ema uirumque cano : Troie qui primus ab oris Italiam fato profugus [&c, 4 lines]
Quiui incomencia Virgilio, el quale narra le aspere bataglie et li facti de Enea.
[~ff~\ Elle aspere bataglie / lo Virgilio in uersi narro / ei facti di JL-7 \ quello homo il quale fugito prima ue?nie de le co?itrade di troia fatatarae?zte in Italia / et alidi de lauina, Colui fiie [a 5] molto gittato per terra et per mare, per forza de li dei, pe?*la co?icordeuole ira de la crudele luno. E molte fatighe in bataglia patie. Infino chelli edificoe la citade / e portoe li dei in Italia. Onde disciese il sangue latino / e li padri dalbana / e lalta roma. 0 scie?iza recha nela mia memoria la cagione quale delta fue offesa. e per che la regina de li dei dole?idosi chaccioe Ihuomo chiaro per pietade auolgiere tanie fortune / et e?itrasse in tante fatiehe. oue f uron cota^te ire neli cielestiali animi.
[Headings of the Chapters.^
(I. 2) Qui nanica^do perdi enea una naue per aspera fortuna. (I. 3) Come li troiani riuarono nel porto di libia. [a 6]
(I. 4) Eisponso che diede loue a Venus di facti de Enea. [a 6, bk] (I. 5) Come Venus aparue ad Enea nela selua. [a 7, bk]
(I. 6) Come Venus narra a Enea la morte de Sicheo. e come dido
uene a carthagine. [aS]
(I. 7) Come uenus co?idusse Enea a cartagine doueli trouo
icojjtpagni. [a s, bU]
• The initials P and E change ]ilaces in the originah
THE ITALIAN PROSE VERSION OF 1476. XXXi
(I. 8) Come Ilioneo parlo a Dido. [b 2]
(I. 9) Come Dido receuete itroiaiii. [b 2, bk]
(I. 10) Come Enea se manifesto a Dido, et offerseli rielii doni. [b 3] (1. 11) Come Dido si inamoro de Enea. [b4]
.P. IMaronis Yirgilii Libri Primus Explicit. [bs]
Incipit Libra Secundus
[XT' Ynera Dardonie narrat : fletusq?ie secundo. Jo ] Co?<ticuere omnes : tunc sic fortissimus lieros ....
and so on to the end, tinisbing with this last Chapter and Colophon :
[Jast Chcqoter, on n 4]
Come Enea fne facto signore, e fecie alba, e la sua fine.
[T71 Acte queste cosse, rifermato fue Enea signore di tutta la hered- J_ ] itade del Ee dapo ala sua fine per lo Ee niedesimo. Et inlaur- enza stette Enea asuo uolere. e quando [n 4 bk] alui piaqwe di partirsi quella parte del regno elesse che lui uuole per lo suo habitare. doue hedificoe la gra?ide Alba, citta nobilissima. !Xe la q?<«le regno niolti anni. et in quelli tempi alia sua signoria penienne la terra tutta di Latino / Hauendo elo finita la lu»ga etade. Si che tutta Italia ala sua ubidie?^za permaneua. Poi dapo la sua magnanimita essendo 11 suo excellentisshno corpo riceuuto de la gran madre regno Ascanio / E poi regnorono apresso di lui li gran magnanimi significati ad enea dal suo padre Anchise nel deliso. Che come a lui disse cossi uenero magnificenti / exaltando piu et piu la infinita / et gloriosa fama de lo eternale Imperio. Et in questo tempo hedificata fue lalta Eoma / per Eomolo / c Eemulo, suoi suciessori. Da cui dapo molti anni disciesc il nobile lulio Ciesaro.
DEO GEATIAS AMEK
[Then follows tlie Colophon, and after it two pages of ' I'ldjlii ^Maronis Virgilii Epitaphia.']
XXXii THE ITALIAN PROSE VERSION OF 147G.
[Culophon : on ii. 5]
0 uoi periti / ct aiiclie iioi non docti / die Icgiereti o uer ascoit- areti la nobile opera gia in uerso componuda pev lo famosissimo Poeta laureato .P. Marone Tirgilio Mantuano, ad lionore / et laude de Octauiano Augnsto secundo Imperatore de Eomani : et da puoi de uerso in lingua uulgare reducta per lo litteratissimo greco Athanagio pe?- consolatioue de Constantio figluolo de Co?^stantino Imperatore / Veramente senza dubio alcuno remanereti tutti lieti et content! neli animi uostri per la intelligentia de li excellenti et mirabile facti de Enea como ne la presente opera si coutiene : non meno quauto altra uulgar opera se potesse pe?" consoiatione legiere et audire : La qual e stata impressa ne la famosa cittade de Vicencia. per Hermanno Leuilapide da Colonia gra7«le / ne lano dil Signore .M.CCCC.LXXVI. adi Marti .xii. Marcio.
lam presens opus hoc mille Athanasius aniiis Eneadum ceciuit : lege dulcia carmina lector.
.P. B. C. 0.
LUirgills ^Eneitrs translateti.']
[CAXTON'S PROLOGUE.] * After dvuerse werkes made / translated and C* C'"'t. mus. g
"^ ' _ 21. (1. 24. sign.
achieued / hauyng noo werke in hande, I, sittyng in ^J] my studye where as laye many dyuerse paunflettis and
4 bookys, happened that to my hande came a lytyl caxton, having
booke in frenshe, whiche late was translated oute oi Fiencii version
,.,,,. of the ' Aeneid,'
latyn by some noble clerke of frau/ice, whiche booke is named Eneydos / made in latyn by that noble poete 8 & grete clerke vyrgyle / whiche booke I sawe ouer and redde therin, How, after the general destriiccyon of the grete Troye, Eneas departed, beryiige his olde telling Aencns's
escajie from Troy
fader anchises vpon his sholdres / his lityl son yolus on
12 his honde, his wyfe wyth moche other people folow- ynge / and how he shypped and departed, wyth aHe thystorye of his aduentures that he had er he cam to the achieuement of his conquest of ytalye, as aH a longe and ins conquest
16 shaH; be shewed in this present boke. In whiche booke I had grete playsyr, by cause of the fayr and honest termes & wordes in frenshe / whyche I neuer sawe to-fore lyke, ne none so playsaunt ne so wel ordred ; was so pleased
20 whiche booke, as me semed, sholde be moche requysyte to noble men to see, as wel for the elo(|uence as the historyes / How wel that many honderd yerys passed was the sayd booke of eneydos, wyth other werkes,
24 made and lerned dayly in scolis, specyally in ytalye &
other places / whiche historye the sayd vyrgyle made
in metre / And whan I had aduysed me in this sayd tint he res ivd
boke, I delybered and concluded to translate it in-to inUBugiish.
^ This heading is in an 18th century hand. ENEYDOS. B
CHANGE OF ENGLISH. CAXTON S EGGS AND EYREN ANECDOTE.
Cnxton blamed for his over- curious terms.
[*sign. A j, back]
Tlie Abbot of WestiHinster askt Caxtnn to turn Old English into Morleni,
but he couWn't.
Englishmen ar« always changing.
One shire's
speech di tiers form another.
Mr. Sheffield askt for Eggs at the Forelanil,
but couldn't get 'em till they were called Eyreu.
cnglysslie, And forthwytli toke a penne & ynke, and wrote a leef or tweyne / Avhyche I ouorsawe agayn to corecte it / And wliaM I sawe the fayr & straunge termes tlierin / I doubted that it sholde not please 4 some geiityhnen wliiche late blamed me, sayeng that in my translacyons I had ouer cnryous termes whiche coude not be vnderstande of comyn peple / and desired me to vse olde and homely termes in my translacyons. 8 and *fayn wolde I satysfye euery man / and so to doo, toke an olde boke and redde therin / and certajmly the englysshe was so rude and brood that I coude not Avele vnderstande it. And also my lorde abbot of west- 12 mynster ded do shewe to me late, certayn enydences wry ton in olde englysshe, for to reduce it in-to our englysshe now vsid / And certaynly it was wreton in suche wyse that it was more lyke to dutche than 16 englysshe; I coude not reduce ne brynge it to be vnderstonden / And certaynly our langage now vsed varyeth ferre from that wliiche was vsed and spoken whan I was borne / For we englysshe men / ben borne 20 vnder the domynacyon of the mone, whiche is neuer stedfaste / but euer wauerynge / wexynge one season / and waneth & dyscreaseth another season / And that comyn englysshe that is spoken in one shyre varyeth 24 from a nother. In so moche that in my dayes hap- pened that certayn marchau?/tes were in a ship/?e in tamyse, for to haue sayled ouer the see into zelande / and for lacke of Avynde, thei taryed atte forlond, and 28 wente to lande for to refreshe them; And one of theym named sheffelde, a mercer, cam in-to an hows and axed for mete ; and specyally he axyd after eggys ; And the goode wyf answerde, that she coude speke no frenshe. 32 And the marchau^t was angry, for he also coude speke no frenshe, but wolde haue hadde egges / and she vnderstode hym not / And thenne at laste a nother sayd that he wolde haue eyren / then the good wyf 36
CAXTON S ENGLISH IS NOT OVEUIIUDE OR OVEK-CURIOUS. 6
sayd that she vnderstod hyiii Avel / Loo, what sholde a man in thyse dayes now wryte, cgges or cyron / certaynly it is harde to playse euery man / by cause of 4 dyuersite & chaunge of langage. For in these dayes ah men of
, . . , . consei'iuence use
euery man that is in ony reputacyon m his countre, wnnis timt few
otliers ran
wytt vtter his co??miynycacyon and maters m suchc understand. maners & termes / that fewe men shaH vnderstonde 8 theym / And som ho^nest and grete clerkes haue ben [*sign. a ij] wyth me, and desired me to wryte the moste curyous termes that 1 coude fynde / And thus bytwene playn rude / & curyous, I stande abasshed. but in my ludge-
12 mente / the comyn termes that be dayli vsed, ben lyghter to be vnderstonde than the olde and au?^cyent cnglysshe /And for as raoche as this present booke is not for a rude vplondyssh man to laboure therin / ne
16 rede it / but onely for a clcrke & a noble gentylman
that feleth and vnderstondeth in faytes of armes, in Caxton endea- vours to use louo, & in noble chyualrye / Thcrfor in a meane moderate and
' J J I readable terms.
bytwene bothe, I haue reduced & translated this sayd 20 booke in to our englysshe, not ouer rude ne curyous, but in suche termes as shaH be vnderstanden, by goddys grace, accordynge to my copye. And yf ony man wyll enter-mete in redyng of hit, and fyndeth suche termes 24 that he can not vnderstande, late hym goo rede and lerne vyrgyH / or the pystles of ouyde / and ther ho shaH see and vnderstonde lyghtly aH / Yf he haue a good redar & enformer / For this booke is not for Tiiis bonk is only
^ for clerks and
28 euery rude and ^ vnconnynge man to see / but to clerkys gentlemen, and very gentylmen that vnderstande gentylnes and scyence IF Thenne I praye alle theym that shali rede in this lytyl treatys, to holde me for excused for the
32 translatynge of hit. For I knowleche my selfe ignorant of connynge to enpryse on me so hie and noble a werke / But I praye mayster lohn Skelton, late created J<>im Skeiton
I i- •' •' l)oot laureate.
poete laureate in the vnyuersite of oxenfoide, to ouersee
^ on'ij. diia
13 2
SKELTON b TRANSLATIONS. DEDICATION TO PRINCE ARTHUR.
[* A ij, back]
Skelton's learii-
caxtoii jirnys and coiTccte this sayd booke, And taddresse and
Ski'ltoii to
conoct iiis trans- ex})0\vno wlioi'e as shane be loimde faulte to theym
latiou.
that sliaH requyre it. For hyni, I knowe for suffycyent to cxpowne and englysshe euery dyifyculte that is 4 theriu / For he hatli late translated the epystlys of TuHe / and the boke of dyodorus syculus,i and diuerse other werkes oute of latyn in-to englysshe, not in rude *and olde langage, but in polysshed and ornate termes 8 craftely, as he that hath redde vyrgyle / ouyde, tullye, and all the other noble poetes and oratours / to me vnkuowen : And also he hath redde the ix. muses, and vnderstande theyr musicalle scyences, and to whom of 12 theym eche scyence is appropred. I suppose he hath dronken of Elycons weH:. Then I praye hym, & suche other, to correcte, adde or mynysshe where as he or they shall fynde faulte / For I haue but folowed my 16 copye in frenshe as nygh as me is possyble / And yf ony worde be sayd therin weH / I am glad ; and yf otherwyse, I submytte my sayd boke to theyr correc- tyon / Whiche boke I presente vnto the hye born my 20 tocomynge natureH & souerayn lord, Arthur, by the grace of god, Prynce of "Walys, Due of CornewayH, & Erie of Chester, fyrst bygoten sone and heyer vnto our most dradde naturaH & souerayn lorde, & most crysten 24 kynge / Henry the vij. by the grace of god, kynge of Englonde and of Fraunce, & lord of Irelonde / bysech- ing his noble grace to receyue it in thanke of me, his moste humble subget & seruau?it / And I shall praye 28 vnto almyghty god for his prosperous encreasyng in vertue / wysedom / and humanyte, that he may be egal wyth the most reno?«med of aite his noble progeny- tours U And so to lyue in this present lyf / that after 32 this transitorye lyfe he and we atte may come to euerlastynge lyf in heucn / Amen :
1 The MS. of this translation is in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cainbridfro. It lias long been copied for the Early English Te.xt Societj', but still needs an Editor. — F.
Caxton's Dedication to Prince Aitliur.
[TABLE OF CONTENTS.]
*% Here folovveth the table of this present [»icafA3j boke
How the rychc kynge Pryamus edifyed the grete cyte of troye. capiY«/o primo [j). 10]
How the cyte was crueHy sette a fyre & fla??inie / And how Eneas, armed, bare his fader oute of tlie same cyte. cap". ij [p. 14]
How Eneas sacryfyced to his goddys in the place where Polydorus had be slayn. cap". iij", [p. 17]
How Eneas, in makynge the forsayd sacryfyce, hewe y" tro??ke of a tree, oute of the whiche yssued bloode. And how polydorus declared the sygnyfycacyon of the sayd myracle, and the wyHe of the goddys, capitulo iiij". [p. 17]
Thobsequyes of Polydorus. cap", v". [p. 21]
Here begynneth the historye how dydo departed from her country, cap", vj". [p. 22]
How dydo arryued ^ in Lybye, a strange contrey, & bought as moche lande or grou?tde as slie myght co?<teyne wyth y" space of an hide of an oxe / in whiche she buylded and edefyed the cyte of Cartage / ca". vij", [j>. 30]
How a kynge, neyghbour to Cartage, dyd demau?«le to wif the fayr dydo / queue of Cartage, y^ whiche, for the loue of hev late husbonde, had leuer to slee her selfe than to take the sayd kynge. cap", viij". [^j. 33]
A comenilacyon to dydo. cap". ix". [p. 36]
How luno, for tempesshe thoost of eneas whiche wold goo into ytalye, prayd y" goddcs of wyndis / that ' oriij. anyiiril
6 TIIK TABLE OF THIS PRESENT BOKE.
euevycii bi him selfe sholde make cowcussyon & torment in thayer. ca. x. [p. 39]
How dydo cou?«seHed wytli her suster Anne, cap"
xj". [jx 41]
Thansners of anne to hir suster dydo. ca. xij". [p. 43]
How Eneas, after grete fortunes of the see, arryued in cartage. And how dydo, for his swete be- hauoir & fayr spekyng, was esprysed of his loue. capytulo xiij [pi. 46]
[•leaf A3, back] * How the goddes accorded the maryage of Eneas to dydo. capitulo xiiij [p. 49]
Of the gret tempest & storme at maryage of theym. ca. xv". [j}. 52]
How yarbas complayned hym to lubyter, of Eneas, that edyfied the cyte of Cartage / And how lubyter sent sodaynly Mercuryus toward Eneas, for to make hym to retorne in-to the contree of ytalye. cap", xvj [p. 60]
How dydo, knowynge the departyng of Eneas, ranne thorugh the cyte of Cartage, as a woman dysperate and from her selfe. capitulo [x]vij". [p. 65]
How dydo sorowfully bewayled the departyng of Eneas, bi swete & amyable "wordes. ca. xviij [jx 66]
How dydo, aH in a rage, complayned her to Eneas and to the goddys. ca. xix°. [p). 69]
How dido, wyth grete cursynges, gaaf leue to Eneas, capytulo xx°. [2^. 72]
How dydo fyl doun in a swone / and how she was borne awaye by her wymen / and also how dyligently the nauye of Eneas was made redy for to goo in to ytalye. ca. xxj [j?. 73]
How Eneas brake the ooken tree of the grete loue of dydo. capytulo xxij°. [p. 77]
Of the wordes of dydo to her suster Anne. ca.
xxiij°. [p. 84]
How dydo, in grete bewaylynges, prayd her suster to make a grete fyre in a place most secrete in her
THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT BOKE.
palays, for to brenn y* harnoys and raymentcs of eneas / and how by dyuerse sortes she supposed to haue destroyed hym, ca. xxiiij [j). 86]
How dydo made her lamentacyons repreuyng the periurement of laomedon. ca / xxv [p. 90]
of y* vysion that eneas had for to depart towarde ytalye. capitulo. xxvj [^j. 92]
How Eneas encyted the patrons & niaystres of his shyppes / for to departe. cap". xxvij". \_p. 95]
*How dydo, fuH of grete rage, & dyspourneyd of [-leaf a 4] wytte, slewe hh'selfe wyth the swerdc of Eneas / & how bo it thai to-fore is made me?«cyon of this occysion, It was no tliynge but for to sliewe the dyuercyte of fortune / And here thexecusion of tlie dede is shewed, capitulo xxviij [^. 105]
Of the beaute of dydo. capitulo xxix [jx 111]
How Eneas sayled / and how by tempest he aryued in Secyle. capitulo / xxx°. [p. 114]
How eneas toke y*^ see for to seke y*^ rcgyon of ytalye. ca. xxx[j] [p. 115]
How kynge Egeus lete falle hym selfe in-to the see for the dcth of his sone Theseus. cap°. xxxij [^a 119]
How Eneas arryued in ytalye / ca. xxxiij \_p. 120]
Here it is shcAved how many kynges had ben in ytalye, to-fore that Eneas came thyder fyrste. ca°.
xxxiiij [2>. 121]
How Eneas byganne to bylde his fortresse vpon the ryuer^ of tony re. capitulo xxxv [^p. 122]
How Eneas sente his messagers towarde kynge latyne. capitulo xxxvj [p. 123]
How kyng latynus made grete loye and good chere to the messagers of Eneas, capitulo xxxvij \_p. 125]
how kyng latyn sent ccrtayn prescntis to eneas, ca.
xxxviij [p. 12G]
^ oruj. tliyre-uer
a THE TAliLE OF THIS PRESENT BOKE.
IIow Turnus sente for his folke, for to cliace and ciryue
Eneas oute of his lande. cap" xxxix". [jh 129]
How Eneas wente to soke socours of the kj'nge
Euander / cap". xV. [j}. 130]
How grete a sorowe was made whan Eneas and Palas
de^jarted from palence. cap". xlj". [^>. 131]
How Turnus com tofore the casteH of Eneas for to
assaults hym / cap". xlij". [jh 132]
How Vysus and Eryalus made theyni redy to entre
vpon the hoost of Turnus / cap". xliij". [jk 133]
How Yysus and Eryalus entred into the tentis of
[»ieaf A4, back] Tui*nus liooste, and made grete slaiighter and de-
stniccyon : capitulo xliiij". [p. 134]
How the two felawes loste eche other in the forest /
whan tlie knyghtes of laurence chased theym/
cap". xlv". [2J. 135]
How holcus slewe Eiyahis / & how Vysus his felaw
slewe bolcus. Of the deth of the sayd Visus / And
how the hedes of the sayd tAvo felawys, Eryalus and
Vysus, were broughte vpon two speres a-fore the
fortresse of Eneas : capitulo. xlvj". [p. 136]
How thassaulte was grete atte gate of the casteh ca".
xlvij". [p. 138] How Eneas cam ayen from palence wyth moche folke
for to socoure his sone & his peple ayenst Turnus.
ca. xlviij [2^. 139]
How Eneas fought Turnus aHe aboute the batayHe, for
to slee hym for the deth of palas. cap", xlix". [p. 140] How Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thie
a grete strooke. cap". L". [jy. 142]
How Merencyus made grete sorowe whan he sawe his
sone deed. cap". Ij". [ji. 143]
How Eneas sente the body of Palas in-to the shippe,
and sente it to his fader, cap". ]ij°. [^y. 145]
Of the messagers that Turnus had sent to diomedes.
ca. liij [p. 146]
THE TABLE OF THIS PRESENT SOKE. S
How kyng latyn coiuiseHed for to make peas Avyth
Eneas, cap". liiij [jJ- 148]
How Eneas cam to-fore the cyte of laurence. ca
Iv". [p. 150] HoAv the quene Camula was slayn in y" bataylle.
ca. Ivj [p. 152]
How Turnzis cam to y*' felde, & his folke wyth hym.
ca. Ivij". [jx 153]
How the Couenaunt of the batayH was matle bytwene
Eneas & Turnus. cap". Iviij". [p. 155]
How Tholomeus made the batayHe to bygynne ayen,
grete & horryble. cap°. lix". [p. 157]
How Turnus dyd grete damage to eneas folke. ca.
Ix". [j). 158] * How the quene Amatha hanged her selfe by despera- [»sign. a iij.]
cion. capitulo Ixj". [^. 160]
How Eneas and Turnus fought, body ayenste body, in a
felde, one ayenste that other, capitulo Ixij". [p. 161] How Eneas wedded Lauyne / And hadde the royahne
of ytalye. capitulo Ixiij", [p. 162]
How kynge Latyne deceassed / And Eneas soone
after hym / And how Ascanius was caHyd lulyus:
capitulo Ixiiij". [jx 163]
How Ascaunis helde the royalme of ytalye after the
deth of Eneas his fader, capitulo lxv°. [j}. 164]
Explicit
10 FRENCH translator's PROLOGUE. FOUNDATION OF TROY. [CH. L
[FRENCH TRANSLATOR'S PROLOGUE.]
T
[*sign. Bj] *^ I '^0 the honour of god almyghty / and to the
glory ous vyrgyne Marye, nioder of aHe grace /
and to the vtylyte & prouffyt of all the
policye mondayne, this present booke, com- 4
pyled by virgyle, ryght subtyl and Ingenyous oratour
& poete / Intytuled Eneydos, hath be translated oute
Prologue of of latyn in-to comyn langage / In whiche may aHe
the Freucli ^00/ j
Translator. valyaunt prynces and other nobles see many valorous 8
fayttes of amies. And also this present boke is neces- sarye to aHe cytezens & habytaunts in townes and casteHis / for they shal see, How somtyme troye the graunte / and many other places stronge and inex- 12 pugnable,^ haue ben be-sieged sharpely & assayled, And also coragyously and valyauwtly defended / and the sayd boke is atte this present tyme moche neces- sarye / for to enstructe smale and grete, for euerych 16 in his ryght / to kepe & defende / For a thynge more noble is to dye / than vyianously to be subdued /
% How the ryght pnyssant kynge pryamus edyfyed the grete cyte of Troye 20
Qsi^ituhim primuw^.
[Or to here / opene / and declare the matere of
"vvhiche here-after shaH-be made mencyon / It
dt'^'of AsilT*^^*' ~^ behoueth to presuppose that Troye, the grete 24
capytaH cyte / and thexceHentest of aHe the cytees of
the cou?itre & regyon of Asj'e, was constructe and
^ oriij. iiicx])iipnable
F
en. I.] TRIAM KING OF TROY. TROY BESIEGED BY THE GREEKS. "11
edcfyed by the ryght puyssau«t & renomed kyng cap. i.
-r, PI T 1 1 1 c 1 Descent of Priam
rryamus, sone of laomedon, descended oi thfiu??cyen from Jupiter, stocke of Dardanns ^ by many degrees / whiche Avas Troy, the chief 4 sone of lubyter & of Electra his wyf, after the fyctions - founded by'
Priam, aud
poetyque / And the fyrste orygynaH begynnynge of
the genealogye of kynges. And the sayd Troye was besieged by the
Greeks under
enuyronned ^ in fourme of siege / and of excidyon, by Agamemnon. 8 Agamenon, kynge in grece, brother of menelaus / wliiche was husbonde to helayne. *The whiche agamenon, ['Bj, back] assembled and accompanyed wyth many kynges, dukes / erles / and grete qua?ityte of other princes & grekes 12 innumerable, hadde the magystracyon and vnyuersaH gouernaunce of aHe thexcersite and boost to-fore Troye :
DVryng the sayd siego / Pryame liabounded in lygnage of one & other sexe so reno??jmed of beaulte, wysedome, and prudo/nmye / scyence, prowesse, valyau?ice, prophecye / and other vertuous Priam's large
'11 11 family.
proprytees / that aHe the woiide coude not ynough
20 meruayWe / How god and fortune hadde emprysed to endowe a mortal man Avyth dowayres so hye & ver- tuous / But the prudence of pryame, knowyng to-fore / that the aduenements and aduersitees of Avarre be
24 doubtous, and vnder the honde of fortune / the Avhichc, after his mutabylite, gyueth vyctorye / To that one encreacynge honour, glorye / tryumphe / and gladnesse / And to that other she gyueth to be subgette to the
28 face of the ryght blody swerde, in grete effusion of blood & dymunycion of prowesse and of theyr gene- alogye the mutable captyuyte of theyr prosperyte & aduersite or euyl fortune :
32 I \ Eyrame thennc wyH teshewc & lielpc for thynges Priam's
, , . lirudence.
doubtous lor to come, to that ende that liis
?
Royalmc shall not departe oute of his honde ne fro his blood / Yf it so happened that he and his ^ ? for Dardanus - orig. fyctions ^ orifj. cmiyrouucd
p
1 2 POLYDORE GOES TO TOLYMESTOR, & IS MURDERED BY IIIM. [cil. T.
CAr. I. cliyldren were ouerthrowen fro his name liy force of
Poiytioie soiit swerde or of the siege, Firsts he dyd do departe one
"siege! ° of his soncs named polydorus, the xiiij sone, & fyrste
Departure of of his name, In hopynge that to hym / his name & 4
Polydore.
vengeance, yf it were nede, sholde be kept.
|olidoriis thenwe was sente wyth a grete multytude
of noble companye, fuH of yougthe & of strouge
corage, wyth rychesse ynough of golde and of syluer / 8
[•sign. Bij] money / tresour *and lewellis / vnto a kynge named
lie goes to King plasmator, kynge of tarce / whiche, enduryng the good
Tarce. fortune, shewed hym right socourable to the sayd
kynge pryame / In offerynge hym selfe to socoure hym 12 yf he had nede in aHe poyntes, in whiche the sayd pryame wolde require hym. But the prosperous fortune of the kynge pryam torned in-to aduerse. The said plasmator chauwgyng his wyHe / and aHe thamyte 16 whiche longe tyme hadde endured, «fe promysed to holde to the sayd kynge Pryame, as ye shaH here after.
NOw thenne plasmator receyued Polidorus so mag- nyfycatly, & wyth soo grete honoure, that by 20 wrytyng it maye not be recyted, ne the thynge descryued / And after whan Pryam was subdued, and Onthe decline of putte vndcr the sharpe domynacyon of the grekes, In
the atl'airs of i i i i i i i n j
Troy, Plasmator souioclie that they had slayne then??e some ot the sones 24
iiiurciers Poly- dore, and buries of the sayd prvame, and many kynges to hvm alvcd /
him in the sand J t J ' J J a J J I
by the seashore. And that mto the cyte many were wyth-drawen for to gyue to the sayd pryam ayde & comforte, and the saj'd troians myserable semed better to lose, and indyge?<t 28 of force, than to haue apparence of vyctoryus glorye. And thys comen to the knowleche of plasmator, thoughte in his mynde, and conspyred the deth of the sayd polydorus / And in fayte, the said plasmator 32 broughte the sayd polydorus vpou the Eyuage of the see, which was sondy / and a place secrete ynough fro the syghte of men / in whiche place the sayd plasmator slewe polydorus wyth a dartc whiche he bare. The 3(j
en. I.] THE DESTRUCTION OF TROT. 13
whiche, so traytoursly slayn, was by the sayd plasmator ^'^^- '• biirved in the same place wythin the sonde. 51 Vpon riasmator takes
•^ I J 1 Polydore's gold.
■whom Avas so moche sonde layde / that vpon poly-
4 dorus semed to be a iityl hiHe or montycle / And
aHe this was doon by the sayd plasmator, to thende
that his rychesse, whiche was brought to hym for the
gouernauwce of y^ said polydorus / sholde *abyde wyth [*i3ij, back]
8 hym for to accomplyshe his auaryce Insacyable. And
syth he sawe that the force and strengthe of the
troyians was thenne soo perturbed by the pryckynge
of fortune, that it semed to hym / that for the cause of
1 2 this excessyue occysion / Iityl damage and hurte myght
come to hym :
But thenne, whan the noble cyte of Asye was broyHed and brente by the subtyl accyon of the 16 fyTe putte in-to it by the grekes, In so grete largenesse, Tmy hunitiiy
the Greeks.
that for the thicke tenebrosite of the blacke smoke whych the place hadde enbraced and yssued oute, The sterres of the heuen hadde wythholden theyr clere
20 illustracyons, And had no faculte ne power by theyr naturel lyghte to enlumyne the sayd place / And that none eye of ony persone coude perceyue ony thyng / but aHe onely by the domageo»s clereness
24 of the fyre deuourynge the pompe of Troye. H !Xow was that pyetous cyte / somtyme example in aHe goode vertues aboue aHe other cytees of the worlde, aHe brent, and putte in desolacyon suffretous / Abydyng
28 onely one of the yates of the same town, named in theyr Onn gate aione
remains un-
langage the yate stex, whiche was made soe maysterly / destroyetL that the Ingenyous subtylte of maistres of masonrye carpentrye / that of all y" countreye of Asie it passed 32 aHe other in efforte and strengthe IF It was made of soo hye and exceHentc ouurage :
B
14 ESCAPE FROM BURNING TROY OF AENEAS, HIS FATHER, IIIS SON, [ciI. II.
CAF. II. If How the cyte Wcas crueHy sette a fyre, and on a flamm ; And how Eneas, armed, bare his fader oute of the same cyte.
^1 capituho. ij°. 4
Y the saiuc yate stex, tlienne sette in fyre and
flanime. And smoky nge the totaH desolacyon
of the sayd plase of Troye, lyke as the goddes
and fortune hadde enterprysed to destroye soo arty- 8
fycyatt a werke vnto the laste stone and fouudemente
[«sign. Biij] of so hye a place / * And by horryble and cruel
Flight of Aeneas, indygnacyon to throwe doun / destroye, and confounde
his son Yoius,' ' the pompousG and proude noblenes of thynhabytants 12
nnd otlieis, from
Troy; of Troyc / and also theyr possessyons and hauoyr,
cyuyles and other / And vnder the tenebres and
derkenes, departed Eneas, armed clerly at aH: pieces
in tlie facyon of a cote armour vpon his harnoys / 16
The despoyle of a ryght horryble and moche cruel
lyon, Whiclie the said Eneas hadde kyHed and slayne.
Aeneas cairying And the sayd eneas bare vpon his sholdres his fader
Aiichises^^'who Anchiscs / the whiche thenne, by olde age and lyuynge 20
many yeres, his bloode ^vas wexen colde soo raoche,
that he myghte not walke ne helpe him selfe by
moeuynge / And thus Anchises, trussed vpon the
sholdres of his sone eneas, helde a coffre weli rychely 24
adourncd wyth many precyous stones in facyon and
bore the gods of manere of a shryne. In the whiche were the goddes of
'^'^"^' Troye, and grete and diuerce relykes / whiche were the
thynges / In whiche the famylye of Troye / the people 28 and comynalte of Asie, hadde fixed theyr socoures / and tlialcgement of theyr anguysshous heuynesses. H And Eneas, thus charged wyth his fader whome he bare wyth magnanymyte of courage, as sayd is / 32 broughte his sone yolus by the ryght honde / beynge The beauty of of the age of xij yere, soo fayr and so weHe com- posed, that it maye leefuHy be sayd that nature
CH. II.] AXD niS WIFE. THEY SAIL TO THRACE. 15
haclde doon lier deuoyr, and liolpen to the procreacyon cap. ii. of such a fygure for a patrone of luankynde. H What shaH I sayo more of Aiichises and yohis^ lyke 4 as sayd is / ensiewcd creusa his wyf, vncuryously aourned / Xothyng appertenau?it to thestate Eoyali / pistioss of
. Cieusi).
hir vysage mate by frequente sources of grete teens / And hir heyr, whiche by manuel artyfyces hadde 8 dyligently be enryched, lete theym hangynge in- dyfferently and aHe rufflyd on alie partyes, wythout ony hope of amendemente / It sholde be an *harde thynge [*Biij, back] to many one, to putte in forgetynge her swete firste
12 lyf, and now her deploracyon / It is a greuous thyng to me to passe ouer so lyghtly the lamentable circum- stau?;ccs of her sorowful heuyuesses in soo fewe Avordis / Now here after we shaH saye consequently
16 that / that comynalte, and confusion of people aHe a crowd of
,.,,,,,, , T wi-etclied Trojans
bywepte / noble / vnnoble people, men, wymmen and follows Aeneas. children fleeynge, ensiwed Eneas, soo berynge his fader as sayd ys. It were a thynge inhumayne to beholde
20 theym wythoute pyte / but yet more pyetous to teHe it
lyke as it was doon iu dede / This companye vnhappy Reflections on yssued oute of a ryght goode and habundaii?ite place of aH thynges concupyssible to thappetyte of theyr
24 desire / And so moche incertayne, after this dolourous excyle, in Avdiat regyon myghte hapjien the ende of theyr maleurouse and vnhappy destynees.
THis noble companye troian, somtyme in reste / and now vacabonde and fugytyf by the feeldes dar- danike, came and aryued in a porte of the see named Aeneas and his simoys / and there, ryght pencyf, entred into the see, f "Jm the xilnois. and by troblous reuolucyons of the vn?ides or wawes
32 were broughte into the He of Anchandron, and passed thorugh the foreste of yde, whiche is in the sayd cou?(tiey of troye / And here we shaH finysslie to speke of the sorowful and tedyous fleynge of the poure meschaur/te
36 and myserable troians / whiche hyder-to hadde folowcd
1 0 AKNEAS BEGINS TO BUILD A CITY, & HOLDS A SACRIFICE. [cH. II.
CAR n.
They arrive in Tlii-ace, at the
place where Polyilore had been murdered,
["sign. Biiij]
and begin to build a city.
It progi'esses slowly,
so they hold a feast and sacri- fice.
Eneas / Eneas, by force of oores, and of the wawes of the see / arryued in the Eoyalme and cou?«trey of Trace / lyke as the power of wynde, after the dysposi- cyou of his destenye, In-to the said place hadde broughte 4 hyni.
In the whiche place of Trace, Polydorus hadde be vylaynonsly slayn by Plasmator, kynge of the same Regyon of Trace. II In this countrey of Trace, Eneas, 8 whiche hadde *grete tresours of the rychesse of Troye / beganne to edyfye a cyte named Eneade, takynge it of his name. !Neuertheles, by cause that Eneas sawe the cyte by him bygonne, come not by the dyligence and 12 operacyon of the werkemen to his perfeccyon / And that the sayd operacyon and dyffycyle werke myghte not in so shorte space of tyme to come to suche auaunse- raente and perfectyon / wythoute the dyligence, fauour / 16 and goode wyHe of his goddys / the whiche, thaugh they hadde ben horryble and cruel, and wythoute pyte to tlie troians to-fore the confusion and vtter dystruc- tyon of theyr noble and honorable cyte / I^everthelesse, 20 in this caas partyculer, they shewde theym selfe fauour- able ynough / And entendynge to gyue comforte, ayde and counseyl, to thendeme/ites and engynes of the "werkmen, whiche the cyte Eneyde bylded and edifyed, 24 And therfor wolde and dysposed Eneas to halowe a daye prefyxed in makynge sacrifyces to his goddis / after the solempnyte in suche a caas by the troians accustumed. And he hym selfe, as prynce and example 28 of his people slewe a white buHe as crystall, to-fore the face of his goddys / And of the bloode that yssued of the same, wyth herte deuoute bysprange ^ ryghte humbly, and by grete lone and ardour of dylection, the 32 hostel vpon the whiche the goddis were sette :
1 orig. besprinkled
CH. III.] AENEAS SACRIFICES ON POLTDORE's GRAVE. 17
% How Eneas sacryfied to his gocldis in cap. hi. the place where Poly dor us had be slayn :
Capitulo. iij°
N
Ow, perauenture, it liappened that Eneas made
the celebracyon of the sacrifyce to-fore sayd, in Tiie sacrifice was the selfe place / where as Polydorus hadde be slayne where Poiydore
_ 1(11 i-r»i- ^''''* buried.
and Diiryed in the sande / by the see syde, Ey the in- 8 humanyte and wyckednesse of Plasmator / In Avhiche place there hadde be accumyled, or heped, of sonde a lytyl hyHe or niountycle / vpon whiche * by the space [« e iiij, back] of tyme / aboute eyghte or ix. yere, were yssued oute of 12 the erthe smaHe busshes or lyfeyU trees, by hiimydite and hete, depely enroted in the erthe, and vpon the lytyl hylle growen on heyghte, the whiche trees were named in f reushe murtyHers cornyHers. And on the Aeneas.gne.s to
1 n • 1 e n ^ -n i i i ■ cut boughs to
10 side 01 the liine was an bye plotte, so nygho that it ornament his
altar.
shadowed by grete space the place where as was made
the sayd sacryfyce : Thoo trees apperceyued by Eneas
came thider in entencyon to cutte and liewe doun some
20 of the bowes and braunches, for to apparayHe / and make
fayr the place of his sacrefyce / Lyke as we englysshe Part Caxtl)n : see men doo whan we halowe ony solenipnyte in the tyme ' — ' '
of somer / In strowynge wyth herbes, and settvnjie vp '^''® English
' J o J } J o i. custom of setting
24 of grene trees and bowes, in the chirches and chappeHis JJJ^* \'^^^^. ^^^ for to refresshe the peojjie there assembled, by cause of suJJj'u'er^ "^ the fest & solempnyte there to be halowed
% How Eneas, in makynge the forsayd
28 sacrifyce, he we the troncke of a tree / oute
of the whiche yssued bloode : And how
Polidorus declared the sygnyficacyon and
the maner of the sayd myracle, and the
32 wyiie of the goddys. Cnp///////m iiij
ENEYDOS C
18 15L00D ISSUES FROM THE TREES ON POLYDORe's GRAVE, [c'll. IV.
CAr. IV.
Blood issuing from trees as lie cuts theiri
[* leaf B 5] alarms Aeneas.
He prays for exiilaiiation, but receives no
so endeavours to pull one tree up by the roots.
E
INeas thenne, by ardcur of grete deuocyon, and for affection that he hadde humbly to halowe this festyuyte, as sayd is / toke an axe cuttynge on bothe sides, And as I suppose, it was after the facion of a 4 glayue or guysarme / Avyth whiche he hewe and smote doun wyth grete myghte those trees, for to arraye and make fayr the sayd aulter. The whiche trees, soo cutte and entamed by the sayd Eneas, yssued oute in an 8 habondaunte cours a sourge of blacke bloode droppynge doun to the erthe / And on the same axe, in manere of grete droppes of bloode ; by whiche * shewynge, Eneas was gretly abasshed and dredefuH, merueyHynge what 12 thynge that myghte sygnyfye. And for to haue know- leche of this myracle and of aHe the faytte therof, The sayd Eneas knelyd doun on bothe his knees, bi grete humylyacyon of herte and ^ deuoute affectyon, his 16 hondes loyned, to-fore the sayd aulter, in makynge requeste vnto the troian goddys and to the goddys of the forestes, tliat they, by theyr diuyne and ineffable inspyracyon, Avolde gyue to hym knowleche of this 20 materyaHe vysion / The whiche prayer ended, and wythoute hauynge ansuer of the goddys troians by hym adoured and ^aHid on / After, by courage more haultayn, wythoute ony proude though te / purposed in 24 hym selfe to arache or plucke vp a gretter tree whiche was there, whiche empesshed and letted hym / by force, vygour / and naturaHe myghte, wythoute socoure of ony instrumente artifycyaHe. And for to demeane this to 28 effecte / Eneas sette thenne one knee vpon the sonde, and that other ayenste tlie branche growen and comen oute of the lytyH hylle where as was burycd Polydorus / And on that other side he toke the braunches of the 32 sayd tree, and by grete myghte and bodyli strengthe / enforced his puyssaunce for to arache and plucke vp the same tree. Durynge the whiche efforte, was herde ^ orig. aud
en. IV.] POLYDORE ADDRESSES AENEAS FROM HIS GRAVE. 19
a voys feble, as of a persone aHe sorowfuHc and by- cap. iv.
wepte / and nyghe alie fayHed and deed. The whiche
sayd, " alas, Eneeas ! this is but lytyll prowesse to the, Poiydore then
. S]it'aks from his
4 to proue and exceisice thy robuste puyssaunce ayenste grave. a body pryued frome his lyf / or vpon a deed corps to take vengeaunce soo Inutyle / And by cause, my ryghtc dere brother and my goode freude, I, very sorowfuH 8 whiche so moche liaue loued the wlmu the lyf was in me, and that the naturel hete of blood humayn coni- forte my membris, & made *theym vegytallc wyth ['Br;, back] sencyble moeuynges / I swere to the, by the goddis
12 whom thou seruest / & Avhom thou now in p?-ofou;;de deuocyon ba'st requyred, that thou cease to trauayHe and poursiwe me deed : For herof I make the certayn / that I am Polydorus, sone of Tryame, kynge of Troye, Teiis them ^vho
16 he lyuinge / whiche haue ben by cruel deth and trayson, '^ '"' liidde & couerde vnder holy amyte, putte onto of this worlde by plasmator, kynge of this countree and Eegyon / For the aueryce Insacyable whiche was in
20 hym, And that had hardynesse to commyse and doo this cryme soo moche deffauied, and fuH of so excecrable cruelte arrettyd / 0 cursid and false deceyuable auaryce / whiche blyndeth the voluntees liumayn / and maketh
24 by his subtyl arte the ryche men suffretous and poure ; and fertlier for to gete rychesse, to commyse cryme and homyside by dampnable treason / And I, Polydorus,^ ferthermore sliewe and manyl'este to the / that the
28 haboundau/ice of bloode whiche thou haste seen yssue andthatthe oute of the trees / which woldeste haue cutte and trees is his. plucked vp / is not orygynaHy of thyse trees / but the sayd trees haue taken theyr fou^^demente and firste
'32 begynnynge of theyr rote in my body ; and by that moyen is the sayd bloode largely comen, and hath aroused the erthe, and yssued oute of my body, and nowher eHis / And for this cause I the exhorte and
^ oriy. I'lyodorus
C 2
A^
20 POLTDORE TEIJ,S AENEAS HIS DESTINY. [ciI. IV.
CAP. IV. counceyHe / that thou ne defoyHo nomore thyn hondes Poiydoro wyth my bloode. And holde it by cause of my siister
reiiiiiuis Aeneas •> o j d
()fiiiHiuaniat'c crusa, the whicho was "yuen to the for wyf, of niv
with his sister, ' ^•' J j -^ ' J
parentis and frendes, in maryage / 4
Nd by cause that thou, Eneas, haste bygonne to edyfye and bylde a newe cytee in this Eoyahne of Trace, in the perfection of the same thou procedyng, hast now, vpon y^ grete materyaH fouHdement.^!, made 8 bastelies of werke & ouuerage maynyfyke : but y" wyH [* leaf B 6] of the goddis haue ordeyned * and concluded by a counseyl emonge theym selfe, that this lande shaH not and tells him he rcceviie ne socoure the / But shaiie be chased and 12
must not stay
there, but that fugytvf fro Troye / but bi the sentence irreuocable of
he was destined o.y ,/ d .
!•>'*'"; sods to go theym / is destenyed to the / the swete countrey of ytalye, ful of fruytes / for there to be releued. And to comfoi'te myserable heuynesse whiche thou haste longe 16 suffied, by cause of thyne exyle / Soo departe thou thenne fro this londe, maculate, and full of fylthe and ordure, by the blody faytte vppon me doon by the false and cruel Plasmator, kynge of thys Regyon / And goo 20 thou in-to the countrey whiche is ordeyned for the and thyne, by the prouidence, benyuolence, and prouysion of the goddis."
SO moche Polydorus hadde opened and declared 24 to Eneas the secrete of his vysions / that eneas was surprysed wyth drede Inestymable, aHe in a traunce, And soo abode a longe tyme ynough, lyke a corps wythoute entendemente / And wythoute party- 28 cypacyon of sensityf moeuynge. And for tymorysitc, and thyng not acustumed, merueyllotis & Insolute, Aeneas is stnick as sayd is, his tonge abode & clyued to the palate
dumb witli
astoiiisiiment. of his mouuth in suche manere / that durynge the 32 langorous tyme that polidorus tolde this vysion myserable, It was inpossyble to hym to excercyse thoffyce of his tongue to hym destynate by nature / neuertheles, after that nature hadde stablysshed his 3G
CH. v.] TUE OBSEQUIES OF POLYDOKE. 21
wj'^tte and spyritte, and giuen to eche of theyni cap. iv. faculte & power to excersice tlieyr otFyce and wordcs / The sayd Eneas ordeyned that the cause ^ of Polydorus, [i /o,- corpse] 4 yssued of his bloode and genealogye, sholde be restored On recovering
Aeneas resolves
and nalowed honours funerane / And to nis goddis to perform
funeral rites to
make sacryfyces apperteynynge for to gete the grace Poiydore. of theyni / that they might rendre theyni selfo 8 benygnc, mercyful / debonayr / and propj'ce vnto the helthe of polydorus.
* ^ Tliobsequyes of Polidorus. [^Be.ijacU]
Qop^ituhm. V.
12 TT^Or the obsiquyes funeraH of Polydorus to bryng cap. v.'
F
to effecte, so was the aulter establysshed for to
halowe the sacrifyce / And therupon putte & sette Aeneas sacrifices
in honour of
the goddes of troye / which were of colour sangueyn Poiydore.
16 & reed; and eneas, & his felaushyp^:)e chosen by hym for to make and exhibete the sayd sacrefyce, weren aHe generaHy symple, & euuyronned wyth bendes of his Avhiche enuyronned vnder the throte, mountynge
20 vppe to the temples bytwene their frontes & eres, vnto the toppe of the heed / And vpon theyr hedes they had chapelettis of brau?zches of cypresse, whiche grewe nygh the montycle or lityl hyHe where as Polydorus
24 was buryed / whiche is a tree sacred and ordeyned to the ende that, by the veheniente odour and swete smeiie of the same tree, inaye surmounte the infecte odour of the caroynes of the dede bodyes / And the Costume of the
28 wymmen of Troye whiche had folowed Eneas whau he departed fro troye, were tofore the sayd aulter with oute apparayH, ne wythoute retchynge ought by theym selfe in ony wyse. For the sayd wymmen were aHe
32 dyssheuelled, or bare the heed, makynge meruelogus synacles, as theyr custume was in that tyme in that cou7?tre also, and semcd better, wymmen oute of theyr wyttes, than porueyd of cou/jtenau?2ce or constau/ice.
22 AENEAS SAILS FROM TIIUACE. BEGINNING OF STORY OF DIDO. [cH. VI.
CAF. V.
The cymphs or buckets used in sacrilice.
[* leaf B 7]
Aeneas and his companions go to sea.
Dido.
Difference be- tween Virgil's and Boccaccio's accoTint of her.
CAP. VI.
Boccaccio's FallofNoblys.
For y" co??so?»macio?i of the said sacrifyce, eneas ordcyned to take many cymphes, iJiai ben vessels ordeyncd for to make suclie sacrifyce, & ben in maner of lityl bokettis, or lytyl shippes, of a strange stone, & 4 of dyuerse colours / as iaspre, porpliire / of wbiche som Avcre fuH of blood of bestis sacrefyed, & other ful of mylke clere & clene / the whiche vessellis, in habu«dau?«ce of deuoc/on, they cam about y*" sayd 8 mo?<tycle or lityl liiH of polidorus / in recomcHdyng y^ sayd polidorus to * the debonnayr clemence and luercyful iustyce of the goddis.
THenne Eneas and aH: his sequele made theym 12 redy for to accomplysshe & leue the sayd cou?jtrey of Trase, by the admonestement of the sayd Poljnlorus, sone of pryame, kynge of Troye / mounted vpon the see. And Avas there long and many^ dayes / 16 Soo thenne we shall leue to speke of Eneas / And shaile retorne to speke of dydo / And firste to shews the dyfference of John bochace and of vyrgyle, to putte in bryef the faHe of the sayd dydo recounted 20 by bochace / and after by the sayd virgyle.
% Here bigynnetli thistorye, how dydo departed from y^ cou?^trey. ^ ca . . \^°
That other daye, in passyng tyme, I redde the fali 24 of noblys / of who mlhoil bochace hath spoken, & in brief, y^ adue?<tures of fortune harde & dyuersly excecrable / & in art destructyue of theyr personis / honoures / goodes / and chyuau»ches ; of whom the 28 sowime haue ben cause of ther harme & euyl, & of the destrucc^n of Avhiche some be yet. and how be it that thei ben pourueyed moche more that it apperteyneth to theym, seen theyr scyence, prowesse, vaiHya?ityse or 32 seruyce after thestate & their vocacion, in the whiche eche ought to holde and be co??tent / like as saith ^ orig. many
CH. VI. J Boccaccio's fall of princes, his account of dido. 23
thappostle, wytliout tloyng grief or ony nuysau/<ce / cap. vi. ne to bere do»image, ne myssaye ony other / this iiot- \vysto«dyng, alwaye they be in awayte / & delite
4 theraselfe to seche often tymes meanes for to grieue, & to saye wordes detractiue.s / wherof folowoth y^ Boccaccio's FaU perdycion of moche peple, & of them selfe in the ende / whiche therin haue medeled H And after
8 certayne space I hadde been in beholdynge the peryHous aduentures / and fortunes ryghte sorowfuHe / of many kynges, prynces, or knyghtes, and many other / I fonde the faHe of dydo, somtyme quene and 12 fou«dresse of the noble cyte * of cartage; the whiche [*B7, bacuj in redynge, I was abasshed, and had grete merueylle / how bochace, whiche is an auctoiir so gretly reno??mied, hath transposed, or atte leste dynersifyed, the faHe His account of
Dido.
16 and caas otherwyse than vyrgyle hath in his fourth
booke of Eneydos / In whiche he hath not rendred The French
wiiter wonders
tlie reason / or made ony decysion, to approne better wiiy Boccaccio
' J J ' ff diltersfrom
the his than that other. And yf ony wolde excuse virgiVs story in
•' '' the AeueuL
20 hym, and saye that he hadde doon hit for better to kepe thonour of wymmen, And wolde not treate ne saye thynge of theym dyshoneste, but that myghte be to theyr auaiuicemente, H This reason hath noo
24: place : For he hath putte in many places other grete faHes, ouermoche infamous, of some queues and lad yes / and hath not suffyced to hym to speke alie in generaH, but hath made expresse chapytres / In
28 blamynge the complexions of theym; By the whiche Boccaccio often partyculerly he sheweth the dyssolucyons and peruerse verse'conditions
of the sex femi-
condycyons that ben in the scxe femynyne / And for nine. to shewe euydently vpon the sayd caas and falle, the 32 dyfference whiche is of vyrgyle and of bocace, I haue enterprysed to shewe aHe a longe the texte of vyi-gyle / The causes and occasions of tlie laste extynctyon, and dolourous deth and despyte of the reco?;zmee of dydo, Dido also called
KlvssG or
36 otherwyse callyd or named Elysse or Fenyce IF But Fcnyce.
2i THE niOENICIANS. BEGINNING OF TUE STORY OF DIDO. [CH. VI.
CAP. VI.
[* leaf B S]
The name of
Fenyce.
fyrsto. and to-forc, for lietter, and to vnderstande the niatcr, T hauc purposed to recyte liere the caas / and falle, after the oppynyon of lohn bocacc, whiche sayth as here after shaH ensiewe and folowe : — • 4
YF In ony maner fayth oughte to be adiousted vnto the Avrytynges and dyctes of olde and auncyente cronycles or historyers / Or to theyr letters, cronykes and historyes / Vnneth maye men fynde ony 8 of soo grete langago IT And dygne to yeue magny- fycence / *and somoche deuyne reno?/imee / as to the hye name of Fenyce / whereof the rayson maye be this / how he it that thauctour putte not precysely 12 Letters invented dedycte wythoute texte / by cause that the Fenyces Phoenicians, Avere the fyrst Inuentours of carecteris dyffereneyng that one fro that other, of whiche were fourmed lettres for to write & redyng in remembaru?2ce perpetual, y* 16 thynges that they desireden to late be knowen to theyr frendis / or otherwyse for the conseruacyon of theyr dedes / fayttes, & scyences / to thende that they myghte reduyce in souuenau?ice or remembrau?jce, by 20 thynspection and lecture of theyr wrytyngys, that whiche by lengthe of tyme, & debylyte of entendement, sholde be wythdrawen / Or otherwyse sholde haue be forgoten it, and put in oublyau/^ce, that the fenyces 24 fonde to note wyth rede colour or ynke firste the sayd lettres / of whiche our bokes ben gretely decorate, socoured & made fayr. We wryte the grete and firste capytaH lettres of our volumes, bookes and chapytres, 28 wyth the taynture of reed coloure :
THe name thenne, and Eoyalme of Fenyce, hath be moche hiely decored by merueyHous artes / and myryfyke / In ioyouse preysynge and laude wherof, 32 the clerenes and fame of his ouurages hath ben dyuulged & shewed vnto the laste clymate of londes Siutl^rof liabited wyth lygnage royaHe II Oute of the whiche s^sterTf te'^'^ Fenyce and prosapye auncyenne / as it is to byleue by 3G
who first made red initials for decoration of books.
en. VI.] DIDO, DAUGHTER OF BELUS, MARRIED TO SYCH.EUS. 25
tlieyr wrytyngys / yssued a kynge named Belus / After cap. vi. the Jetbe of whome / one his sone, named pygmaleon, successor pyg- succeded hym / And obteyned the Eoyahne of the married to 4 Fenyces U He hadde also a daughter named Elysse, AccrUas of Tyre, whiche afterwarde was named dydo, & was maryed to one named Acerbe / otherwyse caHed Sychee (his vncle Avas preest of hercules), honoured wel in the royame of 8 thy*re, and the gretest of aHe the cou?ztreye after [*B8, back] the kyng of the same / This gentyhnan was moche fayr to byholde / yonge / & playsau?it, of grete reuer- ence / ryght honorable emonge them of the cou^tre / of
12 gi'ete audacyte / and of name magnyfyque, ryght moche to whom she byloued of Elysse / Thenne his wyf, Avhiche thenne attached. he loued also moche of fyne loue wythout fayntasie, whiche sone after fayled by his deth anguysshous,
16 wherof thenne it happed after the lugemente that to hym was fortunat / that he was so bienewrous that he was emonge aH: other estemed to be most in loye & gladnes, consideryng the beaute and bounte of dydo
20 his wyf, And also of grete rychesses / of whiche wealth of Acerbe, otherwyse caHyd Sychee, Avas moche endowed, & hadde preemynence in ryght grete habundau?«ce :
BY the couetyse of Avhiche goodes & rychesses / pygmalyon, brother of Elysse, and kynge of the Pygmalion cou/itrey, was sore esprysed / For whiche cause the deth Avas conspyred of the fayr Sychee, the sayd pygmalyon thynkynge in hymselfe to doo slee fiym,
28 And by this moyen he sholde attayne to thende of his desire & wyH insacyable and fuH of couetyse, And soo to hym selfe he sholde atte vsurpe his grete & Innumerable rychesses / and lyke as he thouglit / ho
■32 dyd / and dyd do slee Acerbe or Sychee / Thenne murders
J 1 1 • i p -LI o <• - Sych«us for his
dydo, nis sAvete & amyable spouse & Avyf, Dare riches,
it moche inpacyentli and soroAvfuHy / & in sucho
anguysshe of herte / that she swowned, syncopysed,
36 & syghcd / And oute of her fayr SAvete eyen / &
26
DIPO'a SORROW FOR SYCHyEUS.
[on. VI.
CAr. VI.
r>ido mourns grievously for Sycliaeus,
[* sign. C j]
and tliiuks of leaving Tyre on account of the covetousness of Pygmalion.
tendrc, flowed teeris assyduatly and contynucHy, that they better seemed two grete sourges wellynge vp grete afiluence of teerys, "whiche ranne doun hy hir fayr & freshe vysage / And thus the sayd dydo sufFred 4 grete payne for the grete and harde syghynges & heuy- nesses, by cause of y* grete, horri[b]yle / nephande / & * detestable cryme, perpetred and commysed in the persone of sychee, her swete and late amyable husbonde / 8 longe tyme demeaned she suche clamours wythoute ony hope euer otherwyse to lyue ; And alwaye she considerynge the causes of the sayd cryme / and the couetyse of her sayd brother pygmalyon / And that 12 many tymes by dremes and other admonestements was ofte tymes incyted and cou^seyHed to seche some place sure and secrete / And thenne of thobeyssaunce of the sayd pygmalyon / for the surete of hir persone, 16 she comened wyth the prynces of the same contrey, & specyaHy wyth the pryncipaH whiche hadde be frendes of Sychee, late hir husbonde / and shewed to theym the causes by the whiche she hadde conceyued this 20 grete hate ayenste her brother pygmalyon / whom she drewe to her part and side, and were content to doo aHe that / whiche by hir sholde be aduysed / for to wythstandc the cursed enterpryse of hir sayd broder, 24 whiche had concluded in him selfe, and to-fore thought / Thenne sone after a wyke, Elysse faynynge that she no myghte no lenger dueUe in the hous of Acerbe, late her husbonde, by cause that she was ouermoche nioleste 28 and greued by recordynge continuel in rememarbu?2ce pietous of the swete mayntene and semblaujice of the sayd Sychee, her prcteryte husbonde, But she incyted, frequented ofte the places in whiche she had lirste seen 32 her true frende and loue sichee / And th erf ore Avyth aHe the hauoyr and other goodis of the sayd Acerbe that he posseded in his lyfe, ryght gladly she wolde dispose hir self to goo vnto the Koyamc of fcnyce, the 36
en. VI.] DIDO PREPARES TO DEPART, AND SAILS. 27
cou?/tre3' of her nayssau??ce and b)Tthe, vnto pj'ginalion cap. vi. hir brother / whiche, Avhan he herde of it, was raoche g,I\'o rVwenida''
T / iiii, i ii-to her biollicr,
loyous / supposyuge '■ by that moyeii to come to nis 4 insacyable and cursyd auaryce / for to haue aH the rychesses & other goodes^ to-fore sayd. Forthwyth * the sayd pygmalyon sente vnto his suster dydo a flote [* c j, back]
«, ,, ,, iiTii wlio sends her a
01 shyppes, wen: manned and garnysshed, lor to brynge fi^.^.t_ 8 wyth her the goodes and rychesses of the sayd Royame of Thir, in-to fenyce vnto hym / But dydo / by other barate, as she then hadde ordeyned / and that alwaye thoughte to eschevve and gaynstonde the fraude of hir
12 sayd broder, toke and hydde priuely in a certeyn place of hir shippe aHe the grete tresours & hauoyrs of hir sayd somtyme husbonde sichec. And in the place where they were, she sette many sackes fuH of
16 brasse & coper, the wfiiche, aHe manyfestely or openly in the presence of atte hir people, whiche supposed tlienne / that it hadde ben the tresour of her late husbonde / And dyd it to be taken from thens, and to sue ruts on
20 carye and here hit to the shippe at euyn, wyth thoo ot sham iiiimeyt people whiche to-fore is made mencyon / And the messagers of the sayd kynge pygmalyon, whiche were comen to fetche hir / mounted vpon the sayd shyppe
24 for to goo in-to fenyce. And whan they were well on the waye oute of the lande, in the bye see, she com- maunded to caste oute the sackes of brasse and coper / t},^^ throws where they in tlie ship hadde supposed that it hadde bags!'"'^''^ ^^^
28 ben the tresours that she broughte wyth her ; And that doon, she sayd to thcym, wepynge, these incitatyf wordes :
" Dere felawes and frendes of our nauye / I doubte She addresses
32 nothynge but that ye haue the wyHe for taccomplyssho
that whiche I commau?ale you / wythouto to aske or
wyH to knowe ony wyse this whiche ye liauc doon /
But for to saye & teHe to you the cause whiche haue
1 orir/. supposyuge. 2 oruj. giodus.
28 DIDO ENCOURAGES IIER MEN TO SEEK REFUGE ELSEWHERE. [CH. VI.
CAP. YI.
["sign. C ij]
Dido advises her men to seek a refuge elsewhere vvitli her,
to avoid Fygma- lion's anger if tlicy go emiity- lianded to him.
She offers to guide tliem to some otlier place.
ruoeuod mo thus to doo, I liaue moclie lieuer to haue loste aHe the richesses of Acerbe, late my frende & husboiid, the whiche ye haue now drowned wythiu the bely of the see / than I sholdo dclyuer theym in-to 4 the handes of the ryght cruel kynge Pygmalyon, my brother; for the whiche rychesses to haue^ of me / after that he * hath taken the lyf awaye fro my swete and true liusbonde, he hath sente you hider for to 8 brynge me to hym wyth his shippes / And therfore thynke reryli that it behoueth you presenly to doo and holde me companye, or eHs deye / or flee from hym / ye haue- knowen ynoughe his grete and cursid 12 auaryce, And how he hath doo slee Acerbe or Syche, my late husbondo, for to haue of him his tresours. Wherfor I doubte not that now, after the rychesses loste, yf we goo to hym / he shaH be soo surprysed 16 wyth angre and furyouse Avoodnes / whan he shaH see hym selfe soo deceyued & put fro his entente, that he shaH moche sore tormente vs / and at thende put vs to dcthe ; the whiche, sith that he hath wythdrawen 20 & taken awaye hym / whiche was aHe my wele / I shatte take it in gree & gladly. But I haue compassyon of you, whiche in this caas haue no culpe ne blame / of the gricuous paynes & myserable tormentes of 24 Avhiche he shaH make you to haue by afflyctyou / And therefore late vs treate by one acorde / yf ye wyite flee from the couwtrey of my brother wyth me / and eschewe his grot furour / I shaH abandoune my lyf 28 wyth you, my good cytezeyns, whiche be here in dangeour of myserable deth / And oflfre my selfe to brynge & conducte you in-to some other place of surete, where as we shaH lyuc more at our ease, in 32 places of loyous dweHynge, wythoute to haue more drede of hym / ne of the grete doubte & fere of his cruel tyrannyo " / thus were moeued & attyred by thox- ^ oriij. liaue. - orig. haiie.
en. VI.] DIDO SAILS TO CVPRUS. 29
hortacyon of dydo, & her swete monicyons and pyetoiis cap. vi. prayers / aHe the maronners, of one accorde wyth alie Dido's men aii
agree to go witli
the other, in the shippe How wel it was to theyni her. 4 inoche luirde a tli^^ige to habaiidoune Sz leue the swete cou«trey of tlieyr natiuyte / AHe that notwyth- sta?idyng, they accorded & greed to doo aH hir wyH / & the prores or forship whiche lay toward the cou?/tre 8 of thir, *tourned anone towarde the Eoyame of Cypre, [*Cij, back] for to goo in-to that countrey / There fonde they cyiirus" '" tlie preste of luhyter, Avyth his wyf and aHe his meyne, vaticynaunte or prophecyeng thynges moche
12 merueyllous, in pronostycacyon righte happy of their fleeynge and voyage ; the whiche, wyth his wyf and. meynage, wente anone wytli theyiii, and not knowynge in-to wiuit countrey, for to soiourne and passe fortlio
16 theyr yongthe, in some place of peas and of surete for to abide. Also to thende that their name perysshe not wytlioute remembrau?;ce for faulte of lygnee / And a while they abode in the countree / whiche were weH
20 pleased W3'th theyr conuersacyon, and niaryages of theyr doughters to theym, in eschewynge to fuHe in-to olde age, not socoured Avyth children & niaynage / whiche sholde yssue of theyr lygnage for tenhabyte
24 the countrey, and niaintene theyr name and remem- braujjce perpetuel / And in conclusion, they decended. from their shippes to the lande, and at the ryuage of the same they toke indede Ixx maydens, and anone tai<e on iKiar.i
28 putte theym in-to their shippes, the whiche, after the "'* ""''''''""> custome auncyen of the cypricns thider comen, receyued for to Wynne y'^ duete of maryage wyth men of aHe cou/<treys and nacyons that thider came fro aHe
32 partyes / And sytli after, made festes and sacryfices to and saorificc to venus the goddesse. For after duryiige their maryage / to l)e obserued, holden and kepte chaste aHe the tyme of theyr lyf, as yf they oflred to the sayd venus theyr
36 laste sacrifyces & obse(]^uyes for to goo outc fro hir
30 DIDO SETTLES IN AFRICA AND BUYS LAND. [cil. VII.
CAP. VI. subicctyoii, and to be fi'om her cxeiiiptc from thenne fortl'iou :
CAP. vii. ^1 How dydo anyued in Lybye, a strauiige countrcy, and boughte as moclie londe or 4 groundc / as she myghte conteyne wythin the space of the hide of an oxe. in whiche she buylded and edyfied the cyte of Cartage / Ca^itulum. vij. 8
[*sign. Ciiji * A ]S[d from thens departed dydo, wyth aHe liir
.^.
naiiye, in passynge the see ; and alwaye wyth-
Dido arrives drawynge fro the sayd londe of fenyce, arryued vpon
in Africa, and ^ no /> i • i y i -^
buys as much the Eyuage of aftryque tor to repayre hir shyppes / 12
land as can be
contained by an _4nd there boughte of thynhabitau??tis of the same
ox hide.
countrey, as moche lande or grou??de / as she myghte ennyronne Avyth the hide of an oxe / whiche dyd doo corroye wett, and after dyd doo cutte hit soo in a 16 thouge so smaHe and longe, that she enuyronned moclie more quantyce of the grounde of tlie sayd countrey tlian the Inhabytantes seliars supposed sholde euer haue ben. In the sayd place, durynge the tyme that dydo and her 20 felawshyp^je, whiche by longe tyme hadde ben in grete trauayHe vpon the see / whyche moche hadde greued theym, and throwen theym in mani dyuerse cou??treys, were thenne vnder the proteccyon and swete reconsily- 24 acyon & rest / tliey dyd doo repayre theyr nauyre / & sette it wyth / grete peyne, aHe in poynte, wyth aHe thynges to theym necessarye. Thenne thenhabyta?ins and theyr neyghbours by / began to treate Avyth theym 28 curtoysly, and ofte vysited theym, wythoute to doo to theym ony grief / moleste, or thynge that oughts to dysplease theym / but wyth aH gre and frendlynes, Her people and Avytlioutc puttynge on tlicym lothlynes as strau/^gers. 32 come'Viludijr They of tlie countree bygaune to liolde parlyameiite wyth theym, and toke amytyes & alyau/zce wyth tlieym /
CH. VII.] DIDO FOUNDS THE CITY OF CARTHAGE. 31
& admynystred to theym marcliau^idyscs, and dyd aHe cap. vii. other thynges whiclie is acustumed to be doon bytwene neyghbours and good f rondos : Thenne dydo & hir 4 bavous, seeyng the fruytfal dysposicyon and bounte of tlie sayd place, semed to theym that thoy oughte to make au ende of their fuyte or fleeynge / and anone elysse or dydo, to theym dyscouerde the fraude that she Dido shows her
people that she
8 had don / & sliewed whcrfore she had throwen in-to ii-ifi deceived
them, and still
the see the sackes a-forsayd, ful of brasse & coper / so- hasher hus-
•^ '■ ' band s treasure.
* myngc that hit had ben tlie tresour of Sychee, her late I* c iij, back] iiusbonde / Avhiche thenne she shewed to theym, wherof
12 then they were rnoche loyous, & gretly encoraged wyth goode hope / & concluded anone to buylde & edefye a newe cyte there / And caste & toke the fou?idement for to make a cyte there / and there they abode aH to Thoy found a
16 gyder / And in soo makyng, they fonde wythin the grounde, in diggyng to make the fon«dementes, the bed of an horse, whiche gaaf to theym lianlynes / courage & destyne to preysinge of the place to be propyce and
20 acceptalile, the 'whiche was then??e purposed to be closed & enuyronned wyth Avaliis antentyke / And the cyte was named, as some saye. Cartage, by cause that the called Carthage,
and its castle is
cyrcuyte of the place was enuyronned wyth the thonge «a"cti Biose.
24 of a skynne or hyde, as to-fore is sayd. xVnd tlie
casteH of the touu was named biose, takynge his name Derivation of the of the hide of an oxe / whiche they liof Tir called burse :
28 rriHis cyte in shorte espace, for the co»^modytees of J- the same, and situacyon plentyuows, was strongly enhabited wyth moche folke & peple / Of Avhom dydo di.io is Queen of was lady & quene, and gaaf to theym lawes & mancre '" "^°*^'
32 of lyuynge, and gouernau«ce of goode maners / & admynystred entiore iiistyce to hir subgettis / in hir hou.sholde & menaige / she mayntencd her ryght honestly / And the purpose of hir holy chastite, she
36 enterteyned & kepte wythoute to breke it / thus then/^e
32
DIDO KEIGNS PROSPEROUSLY IN CARTHAGE.
[CH. VII.
CAP. VII.
Carthage floui'islies greatly.
[*sign. Ciiij]
Fortune never ullows pros- perity to con- tinue long.
The King of the Musitaynes or Moraydes desires lier in marriage with threats.
clys.se, presidente as quene ouor aH the people / cam to liir entente desired / & in stede of Avepynges, vnmesur- able soi'owe whiclie she had suffrid, & had ben in gret afflyction in Thir, for the nephande deth of hir sayd 4 somtyme husbond / she was in that place, cartage, wel adourned, of vertues / wherof thence hir good fame & renomee florysshyng, shone & resplendysshed merueyl- loiisly in the coutttreys circu??2iacent & neyghbours, in 8 suchc wy*se that they Avhiche had lyued after the maner of that couwtree, whiche was all dissonauwt & dishoneste in regarde of that of dydo, toke the guyse / the facons / & the industries of the cartagj'ons, in 12 leuyng their au??cyent customes / whiche anon after vanysshed awaye as thei neuer had be vsed / But this notwythsto?idynge, fortune inpacyente, whiche maye not suffre the pe[r]sone longe to dweHe prosperous / ne 16 good werkes wythout enuye / sette & imposed vnder the feet of the righte chaste quene, thyng slypper & lubrik, for to make hir to ouerthrowe, & to brynge hir in-to exyle lacrymable fro the i)lace where hir glorye & 20 exaltacion ought to be replenysshed, encreased, & nianyfested. for lyke as euery daye the beaulte, chastyte & prudence augmented vnto all nacions strau;?gers ferre & nyghe / and the delectable name of hir cyte grewe 24 & reysed in praysing / A certayn kyng of the musi- taynes or momydes, neyghbour to that cou»trey, Avas right feruently esprised in y^ loue of this quene, then??e beyng wydowe / as sayd is, of hir firste husbonde sychee / 28 and sente to some prynces of that cyte, whom he requyred to haue this quene dydo in maryage / sayenge by grete menaces, yf he had her not / that he sholde reduce that cyte into ruyne, & sholde put aH the people 32 therof in-to exyle / This thyng, seenge the sayd prynces, & knowyng the ferme purpos permanablc, whiche y® quene had to e/iterteyne hir pudeyque chastyte in perpetuaH wydowhed / durst not at y^ firste manyfeste 36
CH. VII.] dido's nobles press IirCR TO JIAHRT AGAIX. 33
tlie petycion & desire of the sayd Ivyng, but by subtyl cap. vii. nieanes e?(tendyng to drawc from hir som wordes seruynge to tlieyr intencion / & vpon the whiclie they 4 myghte fynde fou»dement & rayson indycatyf for to moeue therto the sayd dydo / they reported to hir that man's imWes
iiiisieinesent the
the kynge, for to lede a lyfe more honeste / demau?Kled Kiii-,^ofthc
Musiiaynes to
them for to haue some prynce of thyre or thyrayn / for iier. 8 tenstructe hyra in doctrynes & good manners & con- [*ciiij, back] dycyons, to lyue after the manere of theyr con?2tre, whiche to hym semed more lionest & aggreable than his owne / whiche for to doo they knew no man con-
12 uenyent & p?"opyce, for so moche that none of the cou//trey, but yf he were co??streyned, wolde leue his owne londe for to goo vnto suche a kynge, that vsed so vyle / terryble & strauwge lyf ; And alwaye, yf ther
16 wente none to hym / he menaced and thretenyd to make wane & fyght wyth thoym, Avherof myght faHe otlier au?(ger & grete peryl to their newe cyte. The whiche prynces, the queue repreued / shewynge to theym that, pi,i„ repiovcs
20 for one man onely, ought not be cause to lose aH thother, & to habandou?ie theyr countrey & lyf accustomed, and to vse suche as beestes sauage doo / as werkes synystre? & barbaircs / " 0 right good cytezeyns, yf it happened answers timt
tin; man wlio
24 that one muste deye for the salute & wele of your gives hi.s life for
the public good
cou?«trey, be ye not concluded so to doo & suffre / For is blest, lie is riglit vnhappy, that for his partyculer wele wyH leue y'' publike & comyn wele / & contrary wyse, he is 28 blessyd that leopardeth hym to the deth for y* comen wele of his cou?itrey : "
^f How a kyng, neyghbour to cartage, dyde
demau^zcle to wyfe the fayr dydo, quene
32 of ^ Cartage, the whiche, for the loue of hir
' ori(i. yf : ENEYDOS " D
31 norcACCio's story, ninn asks three months' delay, [en. viii.
Dido's nobles then tell her she is soiiglit in marriage by a neighbouring king, and they desire her consent.
Her grief, [•leaf Cr.l
She demands 3 montlis' delay,
and fortifies Carthage.
She curses her beautv.
late husbond, had lieuer to slcc lier selfe, than to take the sajd kynge.
Capitulo. viij
ANd theime secyiig the sayd wordes seniynge right 4 v>'e\ to theyr piirpoos, & to hir preiudyce / ]S"otefyden vnto the quene / how the sayd kyng had requyred her in maryage / and had made to theyra the sayd menaces / in caas that they wolde not soo accorde 8 to hyin. The whiche knowleche to be acliieued in the sentence by her pronou??ced, And that she her selfe was cause of her perdicyon, byganne moche strongly in flegyble lamentacyon to catte longe by dolour and 12 * excessyue soroAve, the swete name of Acerbe hir preterit husbond / But in the ende they hadde deter- myned, consyderynge that hit myghte be none other wyse, but she muste promyse to make this maryage / 16 the whiche she accorded to theym, and helde for greable / And deinaunded Induces and space of thre monetlies, In whiche tynie she sholde doo her dylygence for to accomplysshe aHe theyr wyHes / In 20 this tyme durynge, as it maye be presupposed, yf ony deffence was in the cyte whiche was not sette and ordeyned in couenable fortyfycacyon / She dyde it incontynente to be sette in poynt. And after this, she 24 blamed longe her beanlte, in cursyng it by grete execracyon, wyth the grete enuye that fortune hadde vpon her, and the loyous aduentures, and prosperous, whiche were in late tyme comen to her / So that the 28 grete playsaunce whiche she hadde taken Avith the swete reste of her though te / in whiche that she had repelled thauaryce of hir brother, by her weH happy fleeyng,^ and her noble cyte edyfied newely / whiche 32 thenne was accomplysshid, & wyth grete people en- habyted, aHe subgette and obeyssauHt vnto the lawes ^ oriy. fleeyiiig
cii. VIII.] Boccaccio's story, dido commits suicide publicly. 35
of her seygnorye / tbenne conuerted and chaunged in- cap. viii. to grete anguysslie myserable. After whan the teruie of thre monethis approched, the lady whiche was faHe 4 ayen in lacrymous and playnyngc sorowes whiche she siic is in great had hadde in tyme passed for the deth of Sychee, her makos'aiarge somtynie hu.sbonde, Dyde doo hewe doun and gadcr to gyder a ryght grete multytude of busshes and woodo / 8 for to make a cruel fyre terryblo and mcrueyllous in the hieste place of the cyte / and faynynge to male sacryfyce in the pyetons commemoracyon playsaunte to the pryue goddys for the laste obsequyes of the funeral+e
12 seruyce of Acerbe or Sychee, her sayd husbonde, In
payenge the extreme tribute *of remembraunce ytera- [*ieaf c 5, baci<]
tyue / ne other wyse in ony maner the fagottis or
woode clouen and broken / toke the swerde in liir on wiiirh
16 honde, & mounted vp aHe on hie vpon the woode redy suicide, for to sette on fire, in the presence of aH the pe})le. byholdyng by grete admyracyou what she wold doo, bigan to say: "my ryght good citezpyns, after your
20 ordynaunce I goo to the man ; " that is to saye, that she was disposed to goo and marye her to the kyng for- named / & sodaynly aH attones she lete her selfe faHe vpon the poynt of the swerde / whiche termyned &
24 ended in that hour hir lyf. Thenne for the deth, & liir ijznocente blood whiche maculate & bysprange aH theym that stode by, she extyrped aH thynges sinystre to avoiri maniagc whiche had mowe tome in preiudyce of the cyte & peojiie.
28 peple of cartage, for the reffuse of y*^ same maryage / yf any wolde haue gaynsayd it / The whiche thyng seenge, they of cartage co?isideryng the charge soo cruel whiche the sayd sorowful lady had suffred for to kepe
32 hir cyte & the cytezeyns viihurt & exempt from oppressyo?JS of y*^ peple barbaryke / in whom they were subco?/^bed by cause of the sayd mariage, yf ony had be made / maden grete wepynges & right long
3G lamentac^ons in lacrymous playntis, syghyngos, by-
D 2
36
t»IDO AVORSniPPED AS A GODDESS. HEK EUI.OGIUM. [CH. VIII.
CAP. VIII.
Dido is greatly lamented, and afterwards wor- sliijiped as a goddess.
[* leaf G 6]
Tims says lioceaecio.
wayllenges, & other sorowfuH wordes. Tlien?;e all the peple were cortcluJed & brought to, hy cause of the deth of theyr queue dydo / bywayliyng & halowyng funei-aH exequyes contynuel by many dayes / longe 4 tynie after bi grete waiHyuges, in pyetous remenibrau??co of theyr ryght goode quene / whom they caHyd from then?ie forth on moder of theyr cou??trey / & enforsed theym to attribute att" honours humaynes & deuynes 8 by manere of the cruelte of hir deth / whiche hath broughte thynges weHe fortuned to the prosperous lyf of hir cytezyns, was by theym in pj'etous commemo- racyon recompensed / And after that they hadde ryght 12 affectuously *reco?nmaunded her vnto the souerayn goddis, and inferyours / that she myghte be blessyd as longe as cartage sholde abyde inuyncyble / And they shold make temples & aultres dedyed & halowed in hir IG name / In whiche she sholde be eubraced & honowrod as a "oddesse.
Praise or rulogimii on Didii dying- to save her euuntr}'.
^ A comendacyon to dydo : Csi^itidfim ix
Othe fortytxide viryle of wymmen, or loos & pryce 20 of chastyte femynyue, digne & worthi of honour, celebreed & magnyfied in grete loange & preysynge, wythoute ende perpetuel. thou louest, & haste lieuer to submyse to fortune aduenturous of deth cruel, for to 24 kepe thy pudyke chastyte vnhurte, wythoute ony spotte / than to rendre or yelde thy selfe in applycacion of lyf peryssliable to dyshonoure, ne to make foul the holy purpose of thy castymonye / by thu??true note of 28 lubryke & slypper luxurye / 0 quene / ryght venerable, wyth one onely stroke / thou haste AvyHed to termyne and fynysshe thy labours mortaH / By whiche thou hast goten fame & reno?»mee eternal of the grete kyng 32 barbaryn / by whom he is repressed fio his lybidynous desire / the couwtrcy is in surety, delyuerd from batayHe by thy ryght dolorouse deth, whiche hatha
en. IX.] Boccaccio's stoky. eulogium on dido. 37
quenched the play-sau/iit fygure of thy grete beaulte. by cav. ix.
thy fruytful deth, & placable to theuhabytants of thy
noble cyte, hast destyHed the blood resplendysshanwt Eiiio-iimi ,<u
Diilo.
4 yssuynge uHe oute of thy breste chast & not corrupte, ill tytlo flourysshynge of thy loange / preysynge / & good reno?/imee / of whom the spyrite, by thy lyf fynys.shed so moche made fair wyth sorow myrifyke,
8 -was tra/islated to the sieges & contrees thcrto ordeyned after thi denierites / To the, thenne, in aH affection Praver to Dido
in heaven
crayntyue. I addresse my thoughte deprecatyue / Yf in
ony wyse that haste strengthe or puyssaunce towarde
12 the goddys of hyglie magestye in theyr pryue mansyon,
whyche for *tlie, wylle some thynge doo / that it maye [MeafC (\Uu-k] playse the to entende to the correction of the maners to reform the
, , , , T- , , 1 IP 1 evil nmnners of
lubryke / inconstauwte and euyl, of our niatrones luudem matrons IG inpudike and folyshe / and to rendre theym from theyr lacyuyte, iu-to pudike / niystike, and shainefaste chastyte / and in-to benygne & uery obedyence, so moche that they abyde wyth the / in thy name and 20 fame venerable / The whiche, wythoute eude knowyng eterneHy, we maye see by thy merytes thoneste of chaste clennesse maternaHe to be augmented & growe in honour. 24 rS^He whiche caas here presupposed, is in accordaunce Boccaccio's and
I 1 • 1 Virgil's stories
JL ynouiihe, whiche speketh of the lycfna^e and are the same up
-' "^ ' ^ ./DO to tlie founding
maryage of dydo / Of the deth also pcrpetred by of Carthage. pygmalyon, kynge of Thir, in the persone of Sychee,
28 firste husboude of the sayd Elysso or dj-do. And after, of her departynge / of the maner of doynge. How after she bare awaye the tresours of her somtyme husbondo Acerbe. and of her comynge in-to Lybye, vpon the
32 ryuage of the see in the place where she byganne firsto to edyfye Cartage, And of the fortunes aduo]ituroupc whiche happened in that soo makynge, that byft'Ho to her and to theyiu of theyr companye IT But for to
36 shewe the difference that 1 fynde of the deth of the
38
VIRGIL S STORY. JUNO S HATRED OF AENEAS.
[CII. IX.
CAP. IX.
Vii-j^il's version of Dido's story.
Persecution of Aeneas on liis voyage by Juno,
on account of Paris's judg- ment.
[* leaf C 7]
Slie engages Aeolus and Nep- tune to raise a
storm to hinder Aeneas's voyage,
])roniising theiu rewards.
si^yd dyJo / I shaH relierce here aftci- now in a notlier nianer, wliiche is to be presupposed was moeued of the grete hate & enil wyH that Iiino thegoddesse co?iceyued ayenst parys / his fre?idis, parents / & alyes. and by 4 cause of oiier sodayn iugeme/^t tliat he made / whan he gaaf tliapple to \enus, as the moste fayrest of theym aH / Sc to him Jiolden & moost dere. bycause of whiche hate / whan eneas, sone of venus, & nygh kynnesman 8 of paris wold departe from troye / after the siege of y*^ same, for to goo into the conquest of the prouynce of ytaly, to hym promysed by the goddis at request of his moder; & luno, y*^ ryght noble *goddesse, wyHynge 12- tempesshc and lette his gooynge / dyd doo caiie and assemble yolus and [ISTeptunus, goddis of the wyndes and of the see, prayenge & exhortynge theym moche swetely, that it myghte playse eche of theym to putte 16 theym in payne, & doo theyr deuoyr, to empesshe the goynge of the sayd enterpryse, and makynge to breke and destroye aHe the nauye, in plongynge vnder the water and pareHys ayenst the rochcs, for hastely to 20 drowne and destroye aHe the hooste of Enee, the sone of venus, whiche enforced hym to make werre in the goode Eoyalme of ytalye, whiche Avas in his desire pryncypaHy aboue aHe other. In whiche thynge soo 24 doynge, she wolde rewarde theym wyth suche guerdons as apperteyneth to grete and hie goddys to be sty- pended / and shaH doo honoure to theyr frendes / and treate theyr lygnage and veray alyes / and socoure 28. theym wyth aHe hir myghte / whiche that the goddys liadde graunted to hir right gladly. And they made theyr preperacyon, eueryche in his regyon / for to warre vpon Eneas :
CU. X.] VIliGIL : AENEAS'S FLEliT OVERTAKEN BY A TEMPEST. 39
CAP. X.
^ How luno, for tempesshe thooste of Eneas
vvliiche wolde haue goou in to ytalye /
prayd the goddys of wyndes / that
4 eueryche by hym selfe sholde make con-
cussyon and tormente in the ayer.
Capitulo X?
EN'eas themie sailynge bi the see, Avas recountrcd by volus, whiclie smote Avythin the sayHes "I'ete Aeneas's fleet is
J J ^ -^ .; o overtiikeii by a
jissaultes, efFortes & batayHes iu many mauers / And dit-adfiii tempest made to come the foure Avindes to gyder / one ayenst another, wyth aH: theyr sequele / Of whom was sur-
12 prysed aH the nauye, and terry ble troubled U There myghte ye see sayles rente, Cordes and ropes broken. And crampons of yron wrythen a sondre and plucked oute. the shyppes *& vassayHes lyfte vppe highe in the [*ii^^af t' 7, back]
16 ayer / and after pliu^ged in the see in sucli wyse that neuer was seen suche a merueyHe / On that other syde cam vpon theym ISTeptunus wyth aH his vorages, & raisefi by Yoius wawes aHe fuH of scume / as a wulfe enraged brayeng
20 in the botome of the see, his grete guHe or throte wyde opene / redy to swolowe & to deuoure aHe thooste, cryenge & brayenge vnder the shippes, temppcstes horrible of the woode see / oiite of whome yssued in-to
24 thayer on hie a clowde, and after decended impetuously vpon the flote, whiche senied somtyme aHe to be drowned & couerde wyth water / And anone after, they were lyfte vp on hie wyth the wawes / whiche sodaynly
28 braken & departed / that aHe the nauye descended violence of tuc
storm described.
nyghe to the bottom of the see / whiche were anone rccuycHed by other wawes, & remysed in a momente vp on Bighe / and separed & transported in-to dyuerso 32 places. And in dyuerse wyscs were tormented wyth- outc hope of socours / Longe tyme durod this
40
AENEAS's FLEET WUECKED ON THE COAST OF LYCIA. [CH. X.
CAP. X.
Anchises is lost in the storm.
Aeneae's fleet, sadly shattered, arrives on the coast of Lybia.
[»leaf CS]
Tlie strangers are kindly received by Dido, who becomes enam- oured of Aeneas.
His beauty and noble qualities are here described.
troublous tormcnte / wliiche caused grote fere & drede vnto the coii?itreys nygli neygbbonrs, & also ferre of. This assemblee, the whiche after grete losse & perdicyon, as weH of Anchises, fader of Eneas, as 4 otlier dyuerse / and also fortunes Avhiche longe be to recyte, passed / The nauye arryued almoste aHe to- broken vpon the coste of the see of lybye, nygh the sayd place of Cartage / whiche Elysse dyd doo edyfie / by 8 grete and subtyH nioyens, of the whiche I passe ouer / And in descendynge and comynge a lande in to that countrey, was reculed and receyued by dydo. And opteyned her grace for to soiourne for to refresshe alle 12 his people and his nauie H In whiche doynge, he toke grete acqueyntaunce / and ofte repayred vnto the palays / and wyth the ladyes byhaued him soo queyntli swete and curtoys / plesaunte and amyable, *fayT and 16 well byspoken / merueyllous hardy in fayttes / a grete enterpryser, loued of aHe men, & preysed of his people y he was moche noble / and a ryght fayr persone. by cause wherof, dydo toke grete playsir in his con- 20 uersacyon / and deuysed wyth him moche gladely / wherof folowed that she was greuously hurte wyth the darte of loue / And the wounde nonrysshed by longe tyme enbraced wyth the SAvete assemble inuyncible in 24 hyr stomacke, considerynge the grete vertues of whiche his persone Avas decorate / his noblenes & honour of the peple of Troye / his grete beaulte & swete langage / whiche she e??prynted in her remembrau?ice / 28 that her membres ref useden the swete reste of slepe / And kepte this thoughte in her selfe by ryght longe tyme, in suche a wyse / that in a mornynge / after that the lyghte of the daye rebouted & putte a backe the 32 shadowe of the nyglite aboute the lampe / and the sonne rysen for to shyne on the erthe,
CII. XI.] DIDO CONFESSES HER LOVE TO IlEU SISTER ANXA. 41
^ How dydo coui^seyHid \vyth hir suster cap.xi. anne : Cai^itidum. xj
THis lady bythoughte herselfe, and purposed to dys- coure and manyfeste her faytte vnto one hir suster, \vliiche "was named in that tyme Anne, sayenge to hir in this manere / " Anne, my suster and frende, I am in ryght gret thoughte strongely troubled and incyted / 8 by dremes admonested, whiche excyte ray courage Dido confesf=es
lier love to lier
tenquire the maners & lygnage of this man thus sister Anna. valyau«t / strong / & puyssau?;t / "whiche deliteth hym strongly to speke / in deuysing the hie fayttes of
12 amies & perillj^s dau??gerous Avhiche he sayth to haue passed / ne-weli hither comyn to soiourne in our cou??treys. I am so persuaded of grete admonestments that all my entevKlement is obfusked / enduHyd and
16 rauysshed / I byleue certaynly that the man of whome She tiiinks ti.at
, Aeneas ninst be
I speke to you ys nyghe kynne and parent of y* of divine biitii.
goddis / or that verytable by one comyn asse?i(tmente
*they haue assembled theym selfe to destyne his berthe [*ieaf c s, back]
20 in delyuerynge and gyuyng to hym attone aHe the highe vertuouse yeftes, ■whiche nature hath of custume partyculerly to yeue to dyuerse creatures / and maye be supposed that she hatha produced hym in excellent
2-i dygnyte, for to make one fayer chief -werke / to thexemplayre of aHe other / For they whiche ben borne of basse parentage, ben ouer nioche ferdcful & siie describes
those of base
couuerte in theyr fayttes / and drede theym fleynge, lineage, 28 and kepe theym oute of the palayces & courtes of grete lordes / And yf it happen theym to entre, anone they rctournc or hide theym in corners vnder the tapytes, or byhinde the grete fote of the yate, for to yssue and goo 32 oute first wythoute makyng ony bruyt or medlynge, ne seche nothyng but thyssue for to flee, yf there were ony medlee / ne neuer by theym was there ony valyan^cc proued, as it is sayd / Lut god forbedc that
42 UIDO'S CONFESSION OF HER LOVE FOR AENEAS. [cil. XI.
CAP. XI. it may be sayd of Eneas, that fortune, vaynquyssheur of grete batayHes, comynge to tlie chief of aHe enterpryses, to haue reproche by ony of our sayd wordes / For yf it [1 /o)- if that it] that^ ne were that I haue purposed ferniely in my 4 No one since courage to abydc and be in wydowliede aHe the tyme of my lyf / after the deth dolourouse & cursid of my somtyme husbonde Sychee, whiche bare awaye my firste loue wyth hym / whan he was leyde vnder 8 therthe, by thenuyous remors & greuous remembrau??ce of my passed maryage, wherin I haue had so many goodes of honour and curtosie, of whome the reniem- brau?^ce sleeth me & scourgeth me alway / I sholde 12 lyghtly haue consented to thallyau/iice of this man, Anne, I confesse for trouth that, sith the myserable deth of Sycheus, & wyckcd to saye, cowimysed in the hous of my broder / of whiche the goddys be alie 16 ims moved her maculate / This man onely hath molyfyed my Avyttes,
heart but AeiR'iis, i i i i n j> n i i
and perturbed the corage oi myn opynyon nrste, and [•sign. Dj] liathe * reduced to remembrau?ice the delycyouse traces
of myn auncyent loue. But not for that / I de^^ire and "20 wysshe that erste thabysme of thobscure erthe swolowe me / or the grete fader almyghty to plonge and sub- merge me vnder the botomes of the depe palusshe infernaHe, rather than to my pudyque chastyte sholde 24 be doon by me ony wronge ne vyolence / nor that thy ryght I sholde contrarye nor breke, for no thynge that euer can happe to me by no maner wyse in thys worlde / but she will Alas, he that me spoused firste / hath my lotie entiei'ly 28
still be faitliful
to her old love, wyth hym / wherof inreuocable a yefte I doo make to hym ; soo byseche I hym to kepe hit wele wythin his graue vnder the colde uiarbyl stone, and not to be separed from his soule." This requeste, sighynge, made 32 she to hym / and tendrely wepynge, called ayen the olde sorowe, whiche smote and wou?^ded her to the herte, so moche that the bosome of that sorowf ul lady was cntyerly Eeplenysshed aHe wyth tceres : 36
en. XII. ] ANNA EXCOUHAGES DIDO TO LOVE AENEAS. 43
^ Tilansuer of Anne to liir siister dydo cap. xn.
Cainf/d/fm. xij
THau Anne, her benygne suster / hauynge pyte of her sorowe, consideringe the waye sahitary to Anna cnrounipcs
' . Dido's lovo for
rcuerte sooue her sorow in-to gladnessc / sayil to hir in Aeneas, ami this manere. " 0 suster, more loued of me than the lyghte iHumyned wyth grete bryghtues / How haste 8 thou deterinyned to lyue alone, consumyng thyn yongthe in perpetuaH heuynessel Eemembre the of the swete dysportynges. the grete consolacions and loyfuH playsures wherby the children reioyisshen their
12 moders / the swete kysshynges and the fayr pase-tynie that they take therat / Also the ioye and consolacyon that the men do on-to theyr swete spouses, putte awaye this sorowe / thees lanientacyons, thees grete sighynges
16 and sorowful teeres : take ayen corage, and make thy selfe ferine Avyth hope / Troweste thou that the bones of Sycheus, or his tombe / the *shadowe of his soule. [*sign. Dj backj take peyne, or care, to kepe thy loue / thynke it not no-
20 more than the sperkeH yssuyng oute of the fyre wyth the smoke / whiclie is soone reduced and broughte to nough;e, wythout to haue ony vygoure more, ne other assures her that puyssaiuite, to make fyre, lyghte, nor flamme / Lyke uution^™nie of
24 wyse whan the soule of Sycheus was oute of the body, Sychajus now. and from hym separed / aHe his wcrkes and wordly voluptees were extyncted and broughte to nought / Nor wyth hym remayneth nother free arbytre or wyHe of
28 goode or euyli / care ne solycytude of thy louc / And yf thou wylte lyue in sorowe & heuynesse, or that otherwysc were / that thou dydeste maryc / and Avoldeste A'se thy dayes in maryage, aHe is to hym as
32 ryght noughte / and no tliyng there nys that coude Icttc hym, or doo hym ony socours / but onoly the
44 ANNA CAP. XII.
No i>iie can rest ore the deM to life.
If no other king or prince have ever moved her before, wliy should Dido resist this inclination ?
[* sign. D ij]
Then licr defence- less situation,
URGES DIDO TO YIELD TO HEU LOVE FOR AENEAS. [CH. XII.
meiyttes of the werkes by hym made, conuersynge in tliis woiltlc / Nor nouglite for somoche, that thou makcst caHynges, complayntes, shighynges / and lament- acyons f uii of reuthes noyous, vpon a dampnable mynde 4 and folysshe remembraunce of thynges that ben inpos- syble. thou canste not draws nor brynge oute of the infemaHe mansions the soules of whome the shadowes, or otherwyse the asshes / ben wythin the tombes 8 separed from the bones, for to reuyue and putte hem ayen in-to tlie bodyes louge syn destroyed & conuerted in-to pouldcr / Syth that it is so / and also of that other side, that neuer man, how grete a lorde that he 12 were, kynge Yarbas, pygmalyon of thyre / they of libye / many other of Affryque, the ryche countrey that noryssheth soo many prynces / myghte neuer moeue thy courage to be byloued of the, And that to this man 16 whiche is so moche reno??imed / preu and valyaii?«t, thy wytte is enclyned in swete loue, wythoute ony contraryete of free wyHe that ther vnto admonesteth the, wyH thou coy/auytte & * vndresette thy lyberal 20 arbytre to thynges Impossyble, Repulsynge ayenst the incitacyons moeued by natureH dyleclion, whiche co??imen of thy self, with out ony othre induction? Hast thou proposed to moeue werre ayenst thy persone / 24 gaynsayng thyn owne wiHe / inclined to the loue desyred / In plaisaunt Eemembraunce of suche a prince puyssaunt, dygne of this meryte / Haue in mynde and recordaunce the setuacyon of thy cyte, newely fowu?Kled 28 in this lande enio//g the most crueH folke of the world e. thou hast at the one syde the citees and the people getules / whiche ben fulke insuperable, Eyght daunger- ouse in batayHes, and inuyncible in armes / atte the 32 other syde ben the myro^des, that aie folke Avitliout Eule and without mesure / And than the Cirte regyon and the deserte countrey, whiche is aH: inhabited by defawte of folkcs illodes or ryuers that shulde tempre 36
CH. XII.] ANNA snows DIDO THE NEED OF AEXEAS's HELP. 45
tlie erthe that is oR drye, and as Jccl for tliurst / After, cap. xii. is the people of Barches, aH f uriouse and vagau??t In her dangerous
neiglibours.
the countrees, Haiiynge noo cevtaine mansyon to dAveHe 4 Inne / And more, tliere is the Region of thire, wherfrom "\ve haue wythdrawen and hrought fiirtyuely aH this people that we haue / AVhiche sliaH mowe of lyght aryse, and make Averre ayenst the, with the helpe of thy 8 germayn Pygmalyon, whiche the wolde haue frustred of the grete tresours & Eyehesses that he awaytcth to haue of thy soratyme husbande Sychee / Thynke in thy self, who shaHe mowe the deffende, a woman aH
12 alone / ayenst somoche folke, without eny other helpe of so??im prynce puyssaunt? In certayne I byleue truly that the goddes in their destynacycs haue fauour- isshed tlie weH with luno, y' grete goddesse, for to
16 transporte in-to this regyon y*^ ryche nauye of troye / wimt a defcnpe thynke, my suster, what shalbe of thy cyte, & in what alliance be!'""'"' domynac/on * puj'ssauute shaHe thy Royame be, by [« sign, d ij back] the alyaunce of one soo grete a maryage / Consyderynge
20 the glorye and honour of Cartage, whan she shaHe be loyned Avyth the troians / and by theym defended / AVhere is he that shaHe be soo myghty for to vnder- take to make warre ayenste the, thus alyed / take
24 agayne courage, ryght welbyloued suster, & putte oute
of thy remembiau//.ce y*" fortunes passed / crye mercy ^pt Dido try to vnto the goddis, yf by ony wyse afore this tliou hast gods] offended theym / prayng theym that it wolde playse
28 theym to be vnto y*" i fauorable to the perfourmyng of this alyaunce / atyse & drawe theym by sacrifyces / liequestes & oblacyous of herte contryte, & carefuH thoughts ; & be desirous to serue theym, aH thynges
32 layde a side, in that / whiche thou shalte mowe knowe vnto theym aggreable. Aduyse for to fynde the meancs to make Eneas to abyde / deuy.^ynge vnto hym, ^^d i.rvKu.ade that he oughte to doo soo / Seyiige and coiisiderynge ttey!^^^" 1 thee
CAP. XII.
Anna sliows Dido how the stormy season is a]>- proacliing.
iG ANNA ENDS HER PERSUASIONS. THE SISTERS SACRIFICE. [CH. SIII.
the Avynter that is aHe dystempred, the grote orages, the sygne of Oryoii that rendreth the watres to be proude and crueHe / Also the shippcs that ben arte erased of the grete tornenientes that haiie hurte theym 4 here byfore, saylyng in the see, The influences of the heuens so spytefuH / & dyuerse contradyction moeuable, one apposite ayenst another, causynge dyuersite per- turbatyffc in the lowe elementes / wliiche niyghte be 8 cause of his destruction, yf he vndeitoke ony vyage atte this tyme, passinge the see from one lande to a nother / By these Raysons, and other that by the desirous affec- tyon of thy wylle shaHe be vnto the aduysed and 12 shewed, to the perfectyon of thys thynge, thou shalte mowe peruerte the oppynyon of Eneas for to seiourne in this countrey, that byfore was aHe deterinyned for to goo." The whiche *thynges, & other persuasions 16 sernynge to the mater whiche enflamed the corage of Elysse, esprysed wyth brennyng loue towarde Enee / gaue a stedfast hope to her sorowfuH thoughte, leuynge by dyspense abstractyue / her first vowes of chastyte 20 promysed /
[* s-gn. D iij]
Dido thinks of abandoning her Vow of celibacy.
The sisters. Dido and Anna, sacrifice to Ceres, Juno, &c.
% How Eneas, aftre grete fortunys of the see, anyiied in cartage ; And How dydo, for his swete behauoure and fayre 24 spekynge, was esprised of his loue.
Capitulo / xiij.
BOthe togidre of one assente, wente the two sustres ^ fore named, to the synagoges and temples, where 28 bifore the aulters thei offred sacrifices with grete sup- plycacyons and prayers / and slewe sheep weders for to doo sacrefyces destynated vnto the noble goddesse Ceres, to Appolyn, and to Bachus / and specyally vnto 32 Juno, the goddesse of wedlocke / whiclie is lady / mas- ^ orig. sus-sustres
CH. XIII.] DIDO I.S MADLY IN LOVE WITH AKXKAS. 47
tresse, and wardeyne, of tlie connexes or bondes amini- cap. xiii. cules / to whome they offred in pacifiqne Imniolacion a
■white cowe, hy-twix the homes of the -whiclie / Dydo, pido pom-s the
4 by grete deuocyon, sliedde the fyole fuHe of the holi tiuMviuto cow's
lioius.
libacion / makynge the consecracion oucr the sacryfyce, there dedied and doon in diuerse wise, by solemnyte menieyHouse, aftre the custome that was vsed at tliat 8 tyme / Dydo wyth her su.ster Anne ^ Avent In to the temples and symulacres, knelynge before the awtcrs, makynge Eequestes and prayers, and aftre loked In to the entraylles Interiores of the bestes there slayne /
12 For to fuldo the sacryfyce, In delyuerynge and sechynge / aftre the moeuynge of tliem / the comyngo of the future maryage / But what ouerserche nedeth more to be enquered / wherof tliys folysshe thoughte
16 Cometh to the woman thus a-tysed wyth *the swete ["sign, n iij bk] flamme of loue esprised in-to the mary and synewes. Her love for
. 11111 Aeneas has
whiche inseparably goeth thrnghe the bones, as depe as struck to iier
heart's root.
the veray hertys roote / To goo sekyng Avythyn the
20 symulacres the consentynge of lyght Avhyche is alredy determyned for to be accomplysshed. Thys lady liathc norysshed pryuely in her thoughte the wounde of ambycyouse desyro / whyche is so procured that she
24 can not hyde it noo lenger / She is graffed and myserably sette wauynge and tournynge here and there wythin her cyte, embrasscd and take wyth loue insacyable in contynueHe thoughte / As a personne
28 furyouse, lyke as an hynde that is rought to the herte wyth an arowe / goeth rennynge by the forestes and mountaynes / Thynkyng vpon her sore oncly / Avyth- oute to conceyue ne compiehende the wele of her
32 abydynge / Aftre, wyth Eneas / goeth thys lady she siiows him deuysynge thrughe the towne, to shewe hym the grete her town. rychesses that she hath broughte from the partyes of Thyre, asketh hym his aduyse of the cdyfyces of ' (irij. Auiic
48 DIDO ENDEA.VOUKS TO ENTERTAIN AENEAS. fcn. XIII.
CAP. XIII. Cartage, cheryssheth and entcrtoynetli hym to her Pido strives to power in aHc tliynges that she thvnketh to be playsaunt
entertain Aeneas " r j
in every way she aud agrcable vnto hym / and atte last, she vet spekynce,
can think of. -j i ^ j i j o '
her speche deffiiyHeth alie sodeynly, and can not kepc 4 purpos ne countenaunce, as a persons transported from her vndrestandynge, and ouertake wyth oure grete loue inestyniahle / Of it that other parte, she doeth make grete appareyHes for to feeste Eneas ryghte highely in 8 dyuersities of metes entermedled wyth some loyous dysportes, playsaunte, and in syghte aggreable. After she taketh a delectacyon in his talkynge playsamite / requyrynge hym that, for her loue / he wyHe recounte 12 l*sign. D iiij] sonie grete * fay ttes or other aduentures that he hath seen in hys tyme in the werre of Troye ; And taketh her loye and consolacyon in his swete Avordes and drawynge / that atysen aud enterteyne her in a con- 16 tynualle thoughte towarde hym / Soo that after theyr departynge from eche otlier, that tyme the mone obscure comynge in his ordre / supprymeth the lyghte of the Sonne, and the sterres launchynge theyr bryghte spark- 20 eles, excyte the appetyte of slepe / The lady that alone She is madly in entretli to her chaumbre / tryste and pencyfuHe,
love witli hiiii.
leuynge her bedde reste, syttynge vpon tapysserye werke / or other parte, aHe solitarye and desolate, as 24 a thynge habandouned / Desirynge the presence of Eneas by Imagynacyon impraynted wyth-in the faun- tasnie of her entendemente, Her semeth that she seeth hym there presente, heringe after his wordes 28 playsaunte / And deuysynge wyth hym / and there she passeth oner a parte of the nyghte in suche medytacyons and contynuett' thoughtes.
At intervals, ^ And eiuouge, she taketh in her lappe Ascanyus, 32
the sone of Eneas, otherwyse caHyd Yolus, and holdeth
she nurses ^^J'^^ bytwyxe her arnies / byholdeth / kysseth and
scmius. colleth hym, Considerynge the beaultye and grete
delectacyon of the fadre. In whiche she is rauysshed 36
CH. XIV.] OWING TO DIDO's INFATQATION, BUILDINGS ARE STOPPED. 49
by tlie reprosentynge of his sone : Aud no thynge cap. xiv. there ys soo gretely gi-euable, but that it is aHe ynoughe facyHe vnto her to be experymeiitcd for tlie entre-
4 teyngnge of her loue, wherinne she myghte be deceyued for the grete serche that she doeth wythoute ceasse for to eschew aHe thynges that in this caas myghte be nocible and contrarye to her :
8*1 Nd for bv cause of tlie whiche forsayd occupacyon [* sign. D iiij,
/\ " back J
JTjL. or contynueiie thoughte wheiinne she is Inex- plycable occupyed, as transported and rauysshed, ARe the werkes and doynges of Dydo are taryed, and lefte 1 2 in the astate of Inperfection. The werkes of tlie grete and neglects
everytliing ;
yates / toures, and othre edyfyces that were begonne
for the perfectyon of Cartage, be lefte wythout eny the works are
stopped,
more werkyng, aHe Imperfyt : the exercyse of armes is 16 dyscontynued ; the noble men were robuste and rude,
wythout exersice of fayttes of Averre ; The brydges / the city left
'' defenceless,
poortes and passages ben lefte wythoute warde / And the deffences ben voj'de and^ emptye wythoute entre-
20 teynynge / redy to receyue the enmyes wythoute ony contradyctyon : AHe werkes ceassen and appyeren interrupts for defaulte of conductours / The stones of the walies that are bygonne, Avhiche appyeren aHe
24 awry sette, croked, bowed, and counterfette / by cause thei be not fuHy made and polisslied. Shewynge theyr teeth to threte and byte in to the other stonys redy to be masonned / whiche oughte to haue be contynued and
28 loyned, to perfourme the enterprise thus lefte as aHe to-
cutte and perysshed. The grasse groweth faste, and and grass grows roteth on theyr heddes / theyr teeth ben spredde wyth isUed buildings, mosse aH to-tourne / rusty and fuHe of lothlinesse.
32 The grete edyfyces are lefte vncouered in dyuerse
places / And shortely, alle falleth in-to ruyne, by cause
of her grete furoure.
^ Lut luno, the noble goddesse, wedded wyif aud
' o/ig. add ENEYDOS. E
50 JUNO PROPOSES THE MARRIAGE OF DIDO AND AENEAS, [cil. XIV.
CAP. XIV,
[* leaf D 5]
Juno, perceiviiit; Difl(i'.s love, and not wishing Aeneas to go to Italy,
proposes to Venns the marriage of Dido and Aeneas,
which will put a stop to all differeuocs.
and give the two goddesses entire control over Carthage,
spouse of lubyter, seeynge. that tlie goode renommo of Elysse myglite notte contryste ayenste her grete desire eiubrasid wyth the swete flamme of loue / Considerynge also that the *goodely and grete chere of Dydo myglite 4 be cause ^ to make Eneas to abyde in Cartage / wyth- outc to passe eny ferther towarde ytalye / wolde speke to the goddesse Venus for to doo conuencyon of Eneas wyth the sayd Dydo / and thenne byganne to saye 8 vnto her, by a maner of derysion, the wordes herinne wrytten / " Certes, Venus, thou and thy sone Cupydo are gretely to be praysed, and ye shaH doo a greto conqueste, whereof ye shaH: be hadde in perpetueH 12 renommee / yf a woman rayghte be by you two vaynquysshed, wherof the motyue that hath attysed you to that / & the cause whi ye haue ynoughe induced elysse to condescende to the loue of eneas, ys, 16 to my semyng, come for the drede that ye haue of the tyrauntes, and of theym of affryque / & also of theym of the highe waHes of our cytee of cartage For the wyhyche drede to pease, ye wyH doo alyaunce wyth 20 theym by meanes of the maryage of dydo wyth eneas, whiche thynge myght be broughte to effecte / so that ye wyH be fauorable and gracyous towarde eneas, wyth- oute to here hym fro hens forthe eny nioleste or 24 lettynge / And for alle debates to accorde and pease / and to brynge aile noyes atte an ende, I gyue myn assente to a peas eternaHe, for the constructyon and makynge of the sayd maryage as ye doo desire ; to the 28 whiche shaHe mowe dydo eassyly acorde durynge this / that the grete furour euflajMmed wyth brennyng desire of loue esprysed wythin her sinewes / perse y* bones of her presently ; & thenne, of one comyn assent, 32 we, luno and venus, goddesses, shaH haue aH the domy- nacyon & gouermente entierly of thise two peoples / that is to wytte, of the troians, in soo moche as touchcth ' oriij. cause
en. XIV.] YEXUS'S CAUTIOUS ANSWER TO JUNO. 51
tlieym of Eneas, that slialle be taken in dowayr to Dydo cap. xiv. for her maryage, and lyke wyse them of Thyre, that are ^^tions *" " comyn *wyth Elysse, shaHe thenne be siibgette vnto [• kaf d 5, back] 4 Enec, the whiche we sliaHe loyne togydre ; And of Tnijnn and
1 11 1 n 1 ; -ttr^ p TviilUl, tliut
theym two, we shatic make atie one people / Whereof shau inhabit it. Cartage shalie be peopled, and also the countrey : "
THe whiche thynges thus sayd / Venu.s, tliat doubted Icest luno wolde accorde the forsayd maryage, to the entente that Eneas sholde abyde in Cartage for this cause, and sholde leue the enterpryse by hym made, to goo and conquers the royalme of Ytalye / that luno 12 sayd that she hadde in her gouernaunce / was weH gladde, feynynge to vnderstonde otherwyse the enten- cyon of the sayd luno, wheronto she purueyd weiie afterwarde ; And aunsuerde vnto her, sayenge / " he that Venus's cautions
IG wolde gaynsaye this alyaunce / and wyth the, luno, to stryue, for to lette thy deliberacyon / sholde weH be oute of his wytte. Yf thou woldeste accomplysshe by effecte, this that thou maynteneste be thy Avordes / but
20 I am not weH certayne / yf lubyter, the puyssante god / si,e does not that hath / the dysposicyons of alie thynges in his apilrovai/but hande / shaHe be contente that the tyryns and the should be^'co"- troians shaile people in comyn this cyte of Cartage she advises juno
24 wythoute some deuysion; And also yf our maryage and alyaunce for to speke, shaile be vnto hym aggreable / And by cause thenne, that vnto the, luno, that arte his wytle and felawe, apperteyneth more better than to
28 ony other to kuowe of hym hys playsure, Thou shalte vndertake this charge, yf hit playse the to goo Avythout taryeng, and I shaH: folowe the aH of nyghe / " Wherof juno underUikes luno, takyngo in hande the conduytte of this werke /
32 was wel covitent / & sayd in this manere : " *syth that r*]eaf d 61 I haue taken the charg of this werke, I wol tt'He and sheweclerly howe the tliynge shaHe niuwe be broughte to manage tho aboute. Eneas, and dydo sore taken wyth his loue, liaue '"" '^^'
3G purposed fur to goo chasse and hunte the wildc bcstes,
K 2
52 JUNO's DESIGN TO BRING DIDO AND AENEAS TOGETHER. [CH. XV.
CAP. XV. incoiitynent that the soiine, makynge to morowe hys Aeneas and Dido rysyiige, shal haue transmysed hys shynynge hemes for
shall propose a ni i/ait
hunt early next to IHustre clere Btte the ertlie / And whan they shal he
day.
to the vttir-moost of the game, AveHe chaffed aftre the 4 bestes, I shaHc sodaynly make the ayer to wexe obscure, and aHe blacke replenysshed with hayle / rayne, and horryble tempeste by the ayer, and by the erthe wyndes Juno wiu raise a and grete orages / I shaH girde alie the heuens wy th 8
tempest and
disperse the thoiidres, lyghtnynges choruscacyous ^ and merueyHouse
hunters,
tourmentes that shaHe rayne the countrey ouer ryghte Impetuously, so that aHe the ayer shaHe seme to be couered wyth the nyght fuHe blak and obscure / Thenne 12 shaHe aile the hunters flee awaye, and othre, fro the sayde chasshe, wyth so grete haste that they shaHe not wene to fynde sone ynoughe a place for to be in sauete / BO that Aeneas And by thys manere I shaHe doo that the duke Eneas 16 meet together in and Dydo fleynge the wedrynge, shaHe rendre hemself
a cave,
bothe togydre aHe alone, as by veraye destynacye, and by rencountre of aduenture, vnder a grete hyHe, withyn a cane atte the ende of the forest / And there they 20 shaHe fynde me, luno, that am lady of the maryages, and doo couple them two Avyth my sone hyemen, whiche unless Venus is named the god of weddynge / And / therf ore, yf I
were unwilling,
in which case wyst that thou, venus, Avere not of accorde fof r] the 24
Aeneas had '' ■- -*
better go at maryag of eneas to dydo, I shulde make hym fyrst to departe wythout eny respyte / "
^ Of the grete tempest and storme ^ atte maryage of theym / 28
^ Capitulo Decimoquinto
'Y
[» If D 6, back] *^"7"Edus was thenne weHe contente, wythoute ony contradyctyon / and byganne to laughe strongly Venus does not of the pcrfytte begylynge that luno hade fonnde soo 32 [aTghs at Juno's sooue for to accomplysshe this maryage / "Wherof she
(?)/o?' choruscacyons ^ oj-igr. storne
CH. XV.] PREPARATIOXS FOR THE HUNT OF DIDO AND AENEAS. 53
was syn after weUe deceyued, by cause tliat she made it cap. xv. to couertely and close, wythoute testymonage / and design, which
_ 1 • 1 afterwiirds fails,
wythoute the knowleche of lubyter : ihe whiche because JupiWr
had not been
4 enterprise thus made / after that the sprynge of the consulted. daye and the poynte of tlie sonne hadde putte awaye the nyghte tenebrose, the brackener hadde dystourned the herte in to his busshe, and caste his trayne / The
8 hunters wyHe that men sjiredde and sette the deffences,
putte tlieym in grete appareyile for to goo to the woode / Preparations for
where as sholde be the chasse / Assembled theyr ren-
nynge houndcs, two and two togyder / and chose theym
12 one from the other, for to assorte theym beste in the
pathes: Some wyth the brakkenere, for to be atte the arrangements
those of a later
reysynge of the beeest, for to renne after ; The other medioevai
ciid.r8.CL6r.
for to be sette atte the relesse ; and the other for to 16 entermedle and redresse theyr brackes, retches, and bloode houndes, for to take the beste better wyth force. Toke theyr staues, and theyr homes, and other thynges necessarye for to fuH make and accomplysshe the better 20 a fayr dysporte in huntyngo, bchouynge to a chasse royaHc H And after, of a nother parte, the barons, the knyghtes and esquyers of the noble quene Dydo, dyde Assembling of
_ '■'''' tiie hunting
putte theym in araye, and came there to the palayse party at tiie
pfll9.CC I
24 aiie redy, waytynge that she sholde come oute for to mounte vpon her fa}T palfrey, wfiiche, wyth other for her ladyes and gentyH women, was in the courte aHe preste, appareylled and couered wyth a grete cloth of
28 purpre, gnawyng his bytte garnysshed wyth botones of
golde, *aH:e charged wyth the scume of the horse. And [Meaf d 7j soone yssued oute the lady, moche nobly accompany ed. Dido and her
, , n c 1 • horse both
that hadde a grete maunteiie of veluet cramoysm, pour- richly apparelled
in similar
32 fylied rounde aboute Avyth brawdrye, moche enryched fashion, wyth precyous stones, after tlie custome and manere of that tyme / Her herys bounden wyth thrcdes of golde / and her ryche gyrdeH, that appyeied moche precyous,
3G aHe a-ljouc her raymentcs / She hadde also a fayr
54 ASSEMBLING OP THE HUNT. DESCRIPTION OF APOLLO. [CH. XV.
CAP. XV. tarcays, couered wyth fyne cloth of damaske, aHe fuHe of arowes / and therwytlialie the bowe for to shoote to the wylde beestes, and otherwyse atte her playsaunce. Thus appoynted / she mounted on horsebacks for to 4 goo to the sayd chasse, wyth hir barons, knyghtes, and her gentyH women / and also the lytyHe Yolus or ascanyus, that hadde putte hym selfe in poynte for to conduytte the quene wyth his fadre Eneas / the whiche, 8 wyth a ryght grete and fayer companye ridynge afore the lady, appyered aboue aH the other, wythout ony comparyson, the moste fayre / Lyke as the beaulte of the god Appollo, that is, the sonne, doeth appyere and 12 shewe vpon the flode of Exanco, whan he cometh in wynter in-to the cyte of Pathere in lycye / to gyue his aunsweres,^ and ke})e the courte of his grete godhede / And fro thens, whan the syx monethes of the wynter 16 ben passed / and that he wyHe retourne in to the Isle of Del on, for to make semblable his aunsuers duryng the syx monethes of the somer, the places party culer of Crete, as Agatyrse and Dryopes, doo ryse and goo 20 ayenste hym / for to see his grete beaulte / whan he, comynge, casteth his hemes vpon costes and mountaynes of the countrey in manere of golden heres descendynge from his hed, and as the lighte of torches * sparklynge, 24 weH: enilammed, wherby aHe th}Tiges renewen them at his commynge, as the trees that to theym maken gar- landes of leues grene / the erthe taketh a newe cote fuH subtyly weued aftre y" werke of fyn gras, powdred 28 with flouresof a hundred thousande maners of colours / The byrdes rencAven theyre swete songe gracyouse / The bestes becomeu fyers, and of proude manere ; The ayer purifyeth and clenseth hym selfe for to receyue the 32 Impressyons of influences of this god Apollo, to his newe commyng, whiclie is so fayre and sore desyred of Yolus exceeds ^U thvnges / Lyke wyse in aHe excellence surmounted
1 orig. anusweis
Yolus is there,
also liis father Aeneas,
who In his beauty is like Ajiollo, god of tlie sun.
of whom a fanciful descrip- tion is given,
as well as of his
favourite liaunts.
' leaf D 7, back]
CH. XV.] THE HUXT BEGINS. A TERRIBLE TEMPEST. 55
the yonge yolus aH the other that were in y*" Lidies cap. xv. felauship for to goo to the sayd chasse. And "when aii the rest
in beauty.
they were come in the dales and narowe wayes of the 4 biisshes, vpon theire courses for to destourne the bestes Tiiey begin to
lnuit.
that yssued oute of tlieire dennes, with grete effortes renny[n]ge in the phayne vaHeyes and moiintaynes by dyverse places, the one opposyte to the othre in confu- 8 sion merueyllouse / The lytyli Ascaniixs or Yolus, that in Prowess of
\"i)lus.
this toke grete playsure, Eanne aftre vpon a corrageous hors alwayes Eedy for to renne, so that he ouer Eanne often the bestes, and was before them / And some tyrae
12 abode behynde, aHe "vvrothe of the grete cowardyse of these bestes / DesjTynge to Eecountre a wylde bore, or some lyon that fledde not, for to fyghte with hym / H Durynge the tyme of the whiche chasse, And that
16 aHe the assistents were departed. And stronge chaffed, rennynge aftre the bestes In many and dyuerse coun- trees / luno the goddesse, AvyHynge accomplysshe / the jnnn, to accom- niaryge of Eneas to dydo, thrughe suche meanes as ben brings on a
storiu.
20 spoken here aboue, byganne to make the ayre to be
troubled, And to couere the blewe cote of the *heuens [»ieafD8] azured, with cloudes blacke and obscure, fuH of Avynde Impetuouse / of Eayne and of heyle / of thondre &
24 tempeste, aHe medled togydre / Of the Avhiche the for- sayde hunters appercejoied them not, nor made no force for it, withstandynge the grete entermyse and besy occupacion that they had In hande, to the poursicwte
28 and destoumynge of the bestes, wherof euery of hem was atte astryffe who sholde doc best, for to be praysed and acquyred the grace of the ladyes / vnto the tyme that the sayde cloudes were weH thyk gadred with the The hunters are
. (lispersufl bv an
32 stronge wedrynge that surprised them an atones, and awful tempest, soubdaynely enuaysshed them and tormented Eygth asperly with Eayne myseH, and grete heyle stones rain, hail, and
tremendous
amonge / Aftre, cam a stronge wynde lowe by the wind, 36 grounde, that agctted theyin in surhc a wysc that they
56
THE HUNTERS DISPERSE. AENEAS AND DIDO 5IEET. [CH. XV.
CAP. XV. Avere lyfte vp on hyghe fro the gronnde / and were caste backewarde / forewarde, and atte eytlier side, wlian tliey wende to haue drawen hem selfe, one towarde
(ireadfuuiuinder other, by the thondre and tempeste that descended 4 doun from the clowdes, and ranne by the grounde aHe enf [l]a??mied, in suche moeuynge and perturbacyon, that it appiered of prymeface / that the heuens were broken
and lightniiif- and parted a sondre, wheroute yssned fyre ardaunte / B whiche IHumyned attones aHe the erthe / And aftrc that this lighte was goon, the ayer retourncd in-to a grete derknesse / for the grete Impetuosite of the orage, as thoughe it had be nyghte / For the whiche cause, 12 the tyryns and the troiens, wyth the hunters / and other of the sayd chasse / and also the lityH Yolus, sone to the sone of Venus / that is, Eneas, and neuew of dar- danus his grete vncle, whyche was the firste prynce 16
The hunters that edyfied Troye / were constrayned for to flee / and
disperse.
to seche, euery one after hys power, some vyHagcs or habitacyons for to wythdrawc theym selfe, whiles that [* leaf D s, back] the faHyng *of the reyne russhynge doun from the 20
mountaynes descended in to the valeyes. Also of a Aeneas and Dido, uother parte, the quciie dydo and Eneas, in fleeynge, refuge in the founden a caue vnder a grete roche, in y^ ^ whiche they
hidde theym selfe bothe togyder alone / & ther the 24 goddesse luno, quene and patronesse of the cowmocyons nupcyaHe, by the assente of venus, that lyghtened the torches fo[r] to receyue hiemen, the god of weddynge, accompanyed wyth the erthe, moder to the firste goddes 28 whiche for to doo this / hadde prepared that secrete place, and the reyny wedre therto / propyce and conuen- able whan they hem selfe, goddesses of the watres & fontaynes russhyng doun in grete haboundau/2ce from 32 the toppe of the mountaynes / assembled & made thenne the forsayd maryage / of Eneas and of dydo, wytlioute other wytnesses to be by / but the god & the ^ orig. y' = tliat
CH. XV.] dido's disaster, description of fame. 57
goddesses that bo declared aboue / ■vvhcrof folowed cap. xv, after / tluit this daye was the firste cause of the grete Thistiie
bpf'iiininc' of
euylles and deth of dydo, the whiche coude neuer be Dido's sorrows,
as she would
4 dvsmoeuved from the same, by her grcte vertues and after aoknow-
■^ "^ 'JO jgjjgg Aeneas ns
merytes, ne her laudable renomme, and wolde not kepe hcrhnsband,
•^ ' '■ and that in
her secrete, as she dyde afore / but in publique, for to puWic gyue a coloure to her faiie / confessed hym to be her 8 husbonde / And therof was grete spekynge made, that sone ranne thoroughe the cyties of Lybie and of Affryque / wherby arose one euyHe goddesse caHyd fame or renommee, whiche is more lighte than ony Description of
12 other thyngc / and by mobylite vygorouse encreaseth her forse in rennynge / Atte the firste she is ryghte lityii, for doubte that she hath to be seen ; and anone after, she maketh her selfe grete, and niountcth vp in-to
16 the ayer / And in vyagynge thrughe the landes, hideth her hede betwyx the clowdes / And thenne she vttrcth and sayeth alle that she wyHe, by cause that she is ferre from the partycs. And it is not to be merueyHed
20 yf she be wycked, as I saye, *for she was wickedly be- [•sign, e jj goten, and for an cuyH occasyon / the erthe, granmodre Her birth, of the godde, was ones wrooth wyth theym, And for to doo hem a grete Iniure, engendred two horryble mon-
24 strcs / the fyrst hight Seceo, and the seconde Antheledo, Avhiche were geauntes, stronge and puyssaunt aboue aHe othre men of that tyme, and exempt from the subiectyon of aHe the dyuynite, and had a suster named renommee
28 or fame, that was the last procreated / and in signe of a mocke, was to her youen the facultee and power for to reherce and saye aHe thinges that sholde come in her i,cr functions, mouthe / and to spoke ayenst aH foike, be it kynges,
32 princes, or lordes or othre knyghtes, ladyes, gentyH Avimen / marchauntes, labourers, and maydens, goddes, goddesses, & theyre sequele, withoute hauyng rewthe ne regarde to no manere of lesynge, no more than to the
3G trouthc of the dede ; & to her were gyuen wynges aHe iicr wings.
58 FAME SPREADS REPORTS OF AENEAS AND DIDO. [CH. XV.
CAP. XV. of fedders, and fete and liandes and body and hede, wherof was made a monstre fuHe terrible, that hath as many eyen in her hede, euermore wakynge, and aHe wyde open / as she hath fedders vpon her, and as many 4
Fame-her eyes Berys / mouthes, and tonges in lykewyse, that speken styHe without ccasse / And for her talkynge, neuerthe- lesse cesseth not to herke«, and hereth weH a[l]waye that that she hereth, AHe the nyght she fleeth betwix 8 the clowdes / and renneth ouer the erthe, spred abrode, rushynge, and makyng grete noyse as thondre & tem- pestes, nor can neuere Avake so longe that she can gets
She haunts all luste to slepe She sette herself somtyme atte the gates 1 2
places, and
of the townes, castenes, fortresses, and of grete lordes houses, with the porters and mynystres, for to questyone theym what rewle is kept in the towne / of the astate of the kynge and of the pri?ices, and of theyre moost 16 famylyer seruauntes / Aftre, she goeth vp in to the halt,
[* sign. E j, back] and somtyme within the chambre and * hyde herse[l]f in corne[r]s, and behynde the tapytes ; a nother tyme vpon the highe pynacles and toures / and wyth theym that 20
finds out and kepe the day watches, whiche beholden aHe the towne
sjiieads abroad n i • i , . . ,
everj-thing. ouer ; & nothynge is there so secrete, be it m house or
in strete, but it is sone manyfested vnto her / The grete cytees & bygge townes, she doeth trouble somtyme 24 wyth soroAve and yre by her reportynge / AHe is goode for her / and aHe is to her paye. AHe thynges wherof she aduyseth herself / be it good or euil, trouth or lesynge, she telleth and reporteth aHe to her guyse. 28 This meschyne of whome I speke, that loyeth her to recyte asweH the euyH as the goode, and more lesyng than trouth, byganne to renne by the townes, cytees casteUes & other places / recountyng vnto aH theym 32 She spreads that she fonde / how Eneas, of the lynee of the troians,
.and Dido over was come in Cartage, of whom the foyr dydo had enamoured herself, and bothe togydre helde hemselfe uHe the winter, passynge the tyme in grete playsau?ices / 36
CH. XV.] TARBAS HEARS THE REPORTS AND IS ANGRY. 59
festes / playes & sportynges, ali occupyed In theyr cap. xv. delices / wythout to puniey to the gouernaunce of theyr Eoyalmes lordshypes, as though they had forgoten it, 4 aHe dedycated to theyr playsures & Tvylles / how be it that it was other "wyse / And in passynge throughe the xiie reports landes, reportynge aH thise tidynges, was aduertysed that the kynge Yarbas, resident in the same contrey, 8 and sone adressed her selfe towarde hym. the streyght cours / And to hym recounted the manere, How dydo hadde esprysed her owne herte wyth the loue of Enee / and aHe the thynges here a-fore wryten / wherof this
12 Yarbas, that was kynge of the grete Libye, hadde a Anger of Yarbas, grete dyspyte, by cause that this lady hadde somtyme on hearing them, refused hym, that was a grete lorde / and of the lynee of the goddes, sone to god lupyter a renouse, that men
16 adoured in Lybye / and of one Nyuyse, goddesse of the
fontaynes, * doughter to Gzamas, that had be rauyshed. [*sign. E ij] This Yarbas was ryghte denote, and in his tyme had construed, edyf yed, and made an hondred temples Avythin His temples
20 his royalme, wyth an hondred othre sacraryes, in Avhiche he had consecrated the fyre brennyng without ceasse, that he caHed the daj^e watche pardurable of the godde : And made there contyuueHy so many .sacryfyces, that and sacrifices.
24 the erth aHe there about, was aHe made fatte and moly- fyed wyth the blode of the bestes that were there Immolated to the honoure of the goddes / And repleny- shed wyth aHe manere of good odours & swete smellynge,^
28 for the grete haboundaunce of the garlandes made of floures that he gadred in that place. And whan he was adcerteyned of the dooynge of dydo and of Eneas, he was therof vtterly dysplaysed / wherby a grete acumu-
32 lacyon of yre and wrathe he begate wythin the roote of ms wrath.
hys herte; and as tryste, sorowfuHe, and besyde hymself,
wyst not to wliom complayne / but oncly that he wente
in to the temple before the awter / and in loyiiyng liis
1 orig. sniellyuge
60 YARBAS PRATS TO JUPITER, [CH. XVI,
CAP. XVI. liandes togydre, made the prayer and requeste that Yarhas prays to fuloweth / IT " 0 Iiipyter, almyghty god, for whome folke of Moryenne, where is made the roughe tapysserye in pycture aHe dyuerse : haue made an assemble magiiy- 4 fyque of metes and of wynes for to kepe a soIempneHe feste in the worshyp of thy godhede / knowest thou WiiiJiipiter "ot oure sorowe? hast thou for euer determyned to iiiortJsNvitii iiis solace and dysporte thy self eiiermore wyth the thondre 8 and weddrynges, for to gyue vnto vs tremoure and feere / wylte thou feere vs onely wyth thy fyres, by the sodaynly sente throughe the cloudes in grete tempeste and murmure, and occupye thy self aHe to that, wythout 12 rightwisnes to be by the made vnto euery chone / "
^*b&^ 'J' * How Yarbas complayned hym to lupiter of eiieas that edefyed the cyte of Cartage / and how lupyter sente sodaynly Mer- 16 curyus towarde eneas, for to make hym to retorne in to the cou^trey of ytalye.
^ Capitulo xvj
r^yterl^at" '" " X]^^ co?»playne to thy ryghtwysnesse, of a 20 rej'ecteThis ' ' wonian whiche is come in to the lymytes
of our londe, habandonned & as lost, named feiiyce or dydo / that hath take vpon her to edyfie a cyte of lityl pryce, that she doo to be called cartage, to the wliiche 24 by curtoysie we haue gyven londe habytable, & lawes for to gouerne her peple / and haue required her ofte tymes to be our wyf & spouse / but therof she made none aco?»pte / and hath habandon?«ed bersilfe in aHe 28 and accepted manere poyntes to receyue the false eneas, as maister & lord of aHe her londe / The Avhiche seductor of ladies, as parys that enwedded y*" fayr heleyne, kepeth himself in maner as a woman, in their companye, wyth his loiige 32 heres that he maketh to be enoynted & komed for to be yeloAV as goldc, makyug theym to be bou/iden in a
Aeneas,
CH. XVI.] WHO HEARS HIM, AND SENDS MERCURY TO AENEAS. CI
coyffe rou/iJe a-boute his hed / wythout to tliynke cap. xvi. vpon none other thynges, but only the delites of ■\vyme//ly love, wherin he is contynueHi ocupyed wytli 4 her ; and we, that aHc the tyme of our lyf haue scrued to thy temple / doon many sacrifyces & oblacyons to thi lawde & praysinge / are dyspysed & habandouned, winic !ie,Yariias,
is (ii-s]iisuil after
wythoute to bryng there-from some rewarde or a- all his pietj. 8 vau?/tage." the whiche yarbas, makyng this his com- playnt and prayer within ^ the temple, byfore the awters, the god almyghty lupyter, that wolde exalte his Jupiter hears requeste, tourned hys loke a side towarde the walles
12 and habytauntes of the cytee of Cartage, where he knewe the two louers, wythoute remembraunce of theyr first goode fame that they hadde forgoten : And thenne called to hym Mercuryus, whiche ys * inter-pretour of [• sign, e iij]
16 the goddes. And commaimded hym to doo the mes- sage here wryten, saynge / " U My sone niercure, goo and sends Mer- lyghtly, take thy wynges empared with fedders / CaHe ^^^^ ° ^°'^''*' the swete wyndes, and goo doune wyth them towarde
20 Eneas, the duke troien, whyche is nowe taryed wythin Cartage for to enhabyte there / hauynge noo mynde ne recordaunce for to goo conquere the cytees that by-fore haue be youen vnto hym / shewyng vnto hym
24 tliat his modre venus, the fay re goddesse, dyde not promytte vnto vs that he shulde be suche a seductour of wynien, and of lyf determyned to communyque wyth them / Whan atte her requeste we kept and with a rebuke
and a message.
28 saued hym two tymes ayenst the grekes hys enemyes. And gaffe hym vyctorye one tyme ayenst Dyomedes, and a nothre tyme ayenst AchyHes, whan atte bothe the tymes he enterprysed for to doo armes ayenst theym
32 before the grate Troye / But vnto vs dyde promyse hys
sayde modre, to make hym more cheualerouse than eny
othre of hys tyme, in suche a wyse that he shulde be
dygnc by excellence aboue afte othre, to obteyne by
^ ori<j. wrtliiii
62
MERCURY FLIES TOWARDS THE EARTH.
[CH. XVI.
CAP. XVI.
If Aeneas is so given to ]ileasnre as to forget his honour and Italy, he should at any rate reineialjer his son.
[*leafEiij, back]
^lercury puts on his wings and takes his rod.
Powers of his rod.
He flies towards the earth.
batayHes the conqueste vyctoryouse of the ryche and second empyre of Ytalye / And that thriighe hys grete worthynesse and hyghe fayttes, he shulde hryngo vp ageyne the grete and fyrst renomme of the troiens, 4 and aHo the worlde snbgcit to hys lawes / And yf he had hys hcrte so harde Inclyned to the playsure of his fowite delyces, That the desyre gloryouse to conquere one suche lordshyp / coude not mowe bryng hym 8 there-to as touchythe honour of hys owne persone / Atte the leste that he have co?zsideracyo?? that his sone ascanius, to whome aftre his deth are due his grete domynacyo?is, be not pntte ther-froin thrughe hys 12 deffawte / What niystreth hym to edyfie cartage, & enhabyte emonge his enmies, for to leuc & forsake the no*ble posteryte of ytalye, and the ryche possessyons of lauyne / goo thou forth incontjoient, to gyue hym 16 commaundement in oure byhalue, that he parfournyshe hys vyage ; for this is in effect thy message, and ende of thy legacyon / " The whiche Mercuryus, desyrynge to acomplysho the commaundement of his granfadre 20 lupyter / appoynted hym self f uHe soone for to f uUe- f}He his wyHe / and fyrst he made fast atte hys heles hys grete wyngcs ouer gilt, that bare hym with the ■\vyndes, asweHe ouer see as ouer erthe, hyghe and lowe, 24 where someuere ho wolde be, and toke the cepter ImperyaHe of hys dyuynyte / by meanes of the whiche he drewe some sowles out of helie, and made hem to come vp ahighe to the lyghte / the other he toke out 28 of lyft", and sent hem in to heUe / Also wyth his rode he made some to faHe a slepe, without neuere to wake ; and the other he made to watche without ceasse / And with this rodde fleeynge, he deuysed the foure 32 wyndes, and departed the troublouse clowdes that he rocoumtred in liys waye / And trauersynge from one lande to another, he perceyued in lokynge aHe of ferre, the hyghe sholders and sydes of the strong Athlas, that 36
CH. XVI.] MERCURY ARRIVES IN CARTHAGE. 63
susteyned the heuens vpon his hedJo. This Athlas cap. xvi. was a geant, strong and myghty a-boue aHe otlier / & Mercury rests a
simce with Atlas,
bycaiise that y® heuens were not stedfast of one syde, & iiis wnciv, wiio
su]ijMirts tliB
4 sometyme dyde bowe atte other part, the goddes dide heavens, tourne hyni in to a hyghe mouJitayne, for to susteyne the heuens. And vpon his hed, in stede of hcrys, he is aH garnysshed of sapyn trees and of hooly trees, that 8 be contynuHy beten & cast of the wyndes, and sore couered with clowdes fuHe derke / his sholdres are couered with snowe atte aHe season of the yere ; & out of his grete chyne, issue/? grete flodes, & fo?itaines
12 rewing doune without cesse alo??ge his terrible berde, of
whiche the borders and shores in stede of *heres ben [*sign. E iiij] garuyshed wyth thycke yse / And incontynent the sayd niercuryus drewe thyderwarde, for to festye the sayd
16 athlas, that was his vncles brother, vnto his moder named laye / & sette hymself vpon his sholdres, where he was a whyle to reste hym / And after toke his flyghte as a and then flies to byrde, streyght towarde the see of lybye, fleyng lowe, &
20 syn hie, restynge hymself vpon the roches alonge the shores of the see, takynge hys dysportes as a byrde that pruneth or pycketh her / so that he cam by pro- cesse of tymo, from a-boue the sholdres of his sayd
24 vncle, vnto the sandy shores of the see of Lybye / &
from thens he entred wythin cartage, where he fonde 'le finds Aeneaa
•^ ° ' building in
eneas, that buylded towres & other grete edyfices, aH Carthage, ocupyed for to make vp the cytee of cartage / and had
28 a bystorye or wepen crysolite / as it were a lityl swerde crosseles, that hafted was wyth iasper, wel enryched & garnysshed wyth fyne golde, hangynge at a silken lase by his side / and hadde a sleue vpon his lifte harme,
32 of fyne cremoysin aHe drawen ouer wyth golde wyer, right wau/<tanly Avouen / whiche the ryche dydo had made wyth her owuc handes, & had gyue it to him ; to the whiche eneas, the sayd mercuryus adressed him, i^
36 said in this manere / " Man cfEemynate, wythout honour,
64 MERCURY DELIVERS JUPITEr's MESSAGE TO AEXEAS. [cH. XVI.
CAP. XVI. rauysslied in to dileectac/on femynyne, that hast lefte & Mercury rebukes forgoten thi royame, & habandouued thyn owne thynges,
Aeneas sternly
I'oriiiseHeniinacy for teutende to v* straiige ; why wvlt tJiou edvfie this
and forgetful- "^ o > j j j
"ess, citee, thus moche magnyfique, wlierof tlwn hast taken 4
the fou??dementes in this place that is not thyne / That same god rcgnynge in the clere heuyn, that of liis god- hed doeth moeue bothe the heuens & therth / hath cowimau?«dcd me to come hastely towarde the, thrugh 8 the hie regyons of thayer, to bryiige vnto the his com- maundementes. What cometh to the byfore / that thou wyl rebuylde here ? what hope hast thou to abide ydle
[•leafEiiij, in this laudes of Lybyel *vvylt enhabyte thiselfe in a 12
back]
strange contrey, and leue the co«queste of thyn oune herytage / And yf the glorye of this thyng / whiche vnto the oughte to be desiderable / can not moeue the delivers theruuto / dredynge the peyne & the traueyl of the 1 6
Jupiter's com- i • i i
mand for him to co?iqueste, w^hiche thou oughtest to attrybute to honour
go to Italy,
inagnyfyque as to thy persone / atte leeste byholde wyth pyte thyn heyre Yolus / to whom the royame of ytalye / & the ryche contre romayne, are due after thy 20 deth by ryght heredytali ; & doo bi suche manere of wyse, that the loeuynge be vnto the attrybuted / to haue made conquest therof / " The whiche thynges thus sayd, the sayd Mercuryus / yet spekynge, vaynyssed 24
and vanishes. oute of eneas Sight, as a thyng that one see of ferre / alwayes drawynge from hym abak, tyH that it is seen
Aeneas is at first nomore : Wherof this eneas was sore afrayed, of the
confounded,
grete vysion deyfyque that he had seen, soo that he 28 abode as a man rauysshed out of his wytte, wythout speche ; his heeres byganne to greseH, & dresse vpward / the arteres formatyue of speche were stopped wythin hym / in somoche that he myght not speke for tlie 32 grete horrour & fere that he had had, desiryng abowe aH thynges, to fieo & leue this swete controes of cartage, for to fynde a place of surete, thyukyng in hymselfe te be in dauwger of his persone / as longe as he dwetieth 36
CH. XVII.] AEXEAS ORDERS HIS MEN TO DEPART SECRETLY. 65
there / Avythsta?idyng the iimectyue monycyons doon cap. xvii. to hvni by tlie co??iraan?Klement of the goddis, & knowe not knowing
•' ■' ° wliat to do in
not wliat to doo / so iiioche he is esprysed of sodayn this emergency ;
4 sorowe immense / nor by what wayes he maye notyfye thees thynges to Dydo, ne what termes he shaH: take at the begynnyng of his Avordes / hymsclf to valyde, & to gyue a coloure to his byfaHe / & abode longe in
8 this thoughte doubtouse and varyable, wythoute to sette his purpose to condescende to ony parte of that he wold do, vnto *the ende that it semed hym for the [*ieafE5] beste. to caHc thre of hys knyghtes / One named then calls
Mnestheiis,
12 Nestor, a nother Serceste / and the thirde is the Sergestus, and
' ° ' Cloanthus, and
stronge Cloant ; to whome he commaunded, that aHe wds thenipre-
° ' ' pare the fleet
secretly they sholde doo make redy his shyppes / jg'^'^rture'"^ assemble theyre folke / take theyre armeures and aHe
16 other appareylle, for to depart incontynent thai he shold ordeyne ; And that they sholde doo this couertly, in dyssymulyng their goyng / to thende, that yf it were aperceyued by some waye / men shold wene that it
20 were a manere of a feynynge :
^ How dydo, knowyng the departyng of eneas, ranne thriigli the cytee of cartage, as a woman disperate, and from herselfe. 24 Capitiilum xvij
THe felawcs right gladly dyd fulfyHe ryght soone They obey the co??imaundement of eneas / the whiche, ^* ^" trowynge that dydo sholde neuer haue thoughte vpon Aeneas doubts
how to break tho
28 y® brekyng of soo grete a loue, nor that he wolde matter to Dido, habandoune & leue her, stroof wyth hymself / by what wayes he myghte signyfie it vnto her, in what wordes / or what hour / and in what maner, moost honeste, for to
32 gyue her lessc sorowe. But the queue dydo, atysed of Dido suspects the grete couetyse, enfla»niicd wyth desirouse loue that can neuer be sacyate ynoughe / felte firste this barate / by cause that the fyne Lnicr that alwayes kcpeth hym
ENEYDOS. P
66 dido's grief at aeneas's approaching departure, [oh. xviji.
CAP. XVIII. selfe wytliin his warde, and fyndetli noo thynge soo
sure but that he putteth it in adoubte, can not be
Dido hears of liis lyghtely deceyued. For fame, that euyH godde.ssB,
iJieparations, ,
reporteth vnto her that Eneas made his nauye to be 4 armed and repay red, wherby she ymagnyeth fyrste / that he dyde soo for to departe / and goo oute of her and rushes out lande ; & Incorztynente, as aHe furyouse, & oute of her
madly into the
city, wytte, toke to styre her selfe, & ra?2ne tlirugh y* citee 8
of cartage as a mad woman, as thyas y® grete prestresse
[• leaf E 5, back] dyd in tyme * passed, whan she wente to incyte and somen the matrones and yonge maydens, to renne furyously and wythout shame, thrughe the towne by 12 nyghte to the feast / and sacryfyces of the goddes Bachus and Venus, atte the daye of theyr solempnyte
% How dydo sorowfully be way lied the de- partynge of Eneas, by swete and amyable 16 wordes Capitulu;^ xviij
Bushing wildly k N^d thus tennynge aboute, she recounted Eneas,
about the /I j o > >
streets, she XA. to whom by grete dysconxforte, reforced wvth
encounters o a j j j
Aeneas, and tries merueyllouso sorowe / wherof her herte was surprysed 20 Tuadehini'to ^^ ^^^^ accumylacyou of extreme dysplaysur, she sayd remain, these wordes, halfe by manere of a reproche, in dolaunte
lamentacyons, rewthes and complayntes / " 0 ryght dere eneas, sedycious & ryght cruel / how haste thou had 24 the herte so vntrue, to thynke so grete a treson / as for to wyH departe out of my lande sodaynl}'^, wythout to make me a-knowen therof / Is there thenne nothyng in the worlde that can make the to abyde here % nother the 28 grete loue that is bytwyx vs bothe, wherof we haue somoche loued eche other, the grete recuel that I haue reminds him doon to the / the grete ayde & secours, the worshyp hiiu after ws'^^ that tlioxi. hast had of me, whan I receyued the in-to my 32 londe / that tyme that thou come firste to me / as a man exyled and naufraged ; nor the deth horryble & crueH that for the I must rocciue, wherof I shaH redyly
CH. XVIII.] DIDO ENDEAVOURS TO PERSUADE AENEAS TO STAY. 07
slee my selfe at tlioure of thy departyiig / nor the cap. xviii. paynes & traueylles that thenne I shaH must endure. 0 man, of art other, the moost forcened oute of tliy wyt, warns him 4 & doled out of y* sure waye / how in this harde wedder winter temi>ests. of wynter, that the wyndes hen in their furye / y*" see fuH of tempest & of grete voraygeouse wawes, & tlie tyme aHe indisposed more than euer it was / hast thon purposed 8 to mou?^te vpo« y" see, & to flee from my presence / for to goo with a htyl puissamzce to * werre and here [* leaf e c] greuaunce to ytalye, a strange londe / wher-from thou and tiie danger shalt he sone expelled at thys tyme / For yf thy wiHe itaiy ;
12 were to goo to troye, thyn owne londe / yf she were yet in her beyng / & that thou were weH sure to he there honestly receyued / yet thou oughtest not to goo there, nor to take the see now, wythstandynge the
16 dauwgeours aforsayd / Alas, fle thou not from me ! therof I requyre the, & admonest the, for pyte of the sorowe that I here, and for the grete teeris flusshyng doun from myn eyen, that this to doo incyten & somone the,
20 by the swetnes / by thy weH AvyHynge, and by the yeftes & aHe other thynges that I haue doon vnto the, aHe at thyne owne wyH, in suche a "vvyse that no thynge I haue reserued for my selfe / but that it was aHe
24 habandouned vnto the, more redyli than to myn owne
body / By oure kyssynge and swete cuHynge, by oure invokes their
past loves and
byhauynge and lonely countenaunces / by our loyes pleasures and playsurcs delycyouse, in fyne loue bytwyx vs
28 mutueH, wherof we haue loued eche other soo that in noo wyse my dyligente thoughte haddo neuer no wyHe to be crueH anemste^ the, but hath be atte aHe tymes [lanent] desirous for taccomplysshe, wythout ony gaynsayng,
32 aHe that I knewe was to thy playsur / And thenne yf to induce Wm to I haue descrued to haue some good of the / & yf thou euer toke playsunce in ony thyng that by mo cam, playse the, thenwe, to haue mercy of this poure desolate
36 frende, tliat shallo be sone brouglite tu the poynLe
F 2
68
dido's petition to AENEAS TO STAY WITH HER. [cH. XVIII.
CAP. XVIII.
recounts the clangers his giiing wiU expose her to from the Lybians and Tyrians,
[* leaf E 6, back]
laments the loss of her good name,
fears she will fall into the hands of Pygma- lion or Yarbas,
and laments that she has no child to remind her of Aeneas.
mortaHe, and my cytee dispeopled / and to grete ruyne, delyuered by thyn infortunate goynge; And wyH cliaunge thy courage / yf my requeste and prayers can liaue place of merite to acquyre mercy ayenst the. thou 4 seest that the folke of Lybye / the crueH tyrauntes of INIyronde, and they of the cytee of Thyre, that many tymes I haue offended, hate and haue enuye atte me ; for the; *my chastyte pudyque and alie hee praysynge 8 is there loste ; And my first fame & goode renomme, wherbi I was electe & taken vp to the sterres as a veraye goddesse / is now, by thy departynge, sodaynly extyncted. why wolde thou thenne habandoune and 12 leue me, thy kynde loue, dyscomforted, Eedy to deie / for to flee, passuige by this cou?2trey, lyke as an hoste that lightly forgeteth his lodgynge and the place that he goeth fro, & departeth loyously ^wy thout to haue 1 6 eny rewthe / therunto haa I perceyue weH, that of the I wende to haue my fre^ide, my true husba?2de & espouse / & no thing abideth with me nowe / but onely the name of an hoste. what can I wayte for nowe 1 20 0, what recomfort may I haue, that am voyde from aHe hope / and noon other is there / but to faile in-to the handes of Pigmalion, my crueUe brother, kyng of Thyre / that shaHe comme take my cyte, and put atie 2-4 to destructyon, and brynge me to mendycyte ; Or that Yarbas, kynge of Gectuses, that I haue so ofte indygned / for to auenge hys Iniuryes, shaHe reduce me in-to captyuite / Atte leste, yf afore thy harde 28 departynge, I had had of the, som lynee, or som lyteH Eneas / that I myght haue seen often playnge in my haHe, for to take theratte som comforte, wheryn I shulde haue take my dy sport / thinkynge vpon the 32 reme?«brau?ice of the loyfuH playsaunce that I haue had of thy presence / whyche shuMe asswage the harde dysplaysaunce that I shaHe haue of thyn absence, I shulde thynke that I were not so sore 36
CII. XIX.] AENEAS REPLIES : THE GODS BID HIM DEPART. 69
wasted, nor aHe togydre habaundouncd, as presently cap. xix. lam/"
^ How dyclo, alle in a rage, complayned 4 her to Eneas and to the goddes.
^ Capitulo xix.
OF the whiche "wordes, Eneas nut moeuyng hym self in nowyse / but in holdyng hys syght alwayes / 8 Immobyle atte anothre syde than vpon dydo, & sighynge sore * in his herte for the loue that he had hadde to her, [»ieaf E 7] sayd in this manere / " Certes, quene, I answere not, but Aeneas acknow- that thou haste deserued of me moche more of goodes deserts, says he
■would not have
1 2 than I can nombre, or by som wyse thynke ne telle : gone secretly,
^ J J -> > and had not
and so shaH I remembre elysse as longe as lyffe shaH: presumed to
" u ,/ marry her.
abyde wythin me / and by cause that thou hast spoken first, I wyU telle & shewe vnto the that I wold not haue
16 departed furtyuely out of thy land, vnknowen ^ to the, but sholde haue sygnyfied it vnto the / Also I am not come hider determyned to wedde the / nor neuer toke presu?npcion in me for to do so, nor to take aliau?«ce
20 wyth the for suche a cause. And yf the goddes wolde His own wish suffre that I myghte vse my lif to myn appetyte, & to Troy, bo at my fre wyii / I shold take habytac/on in the grete troye, wyth my kynsmcn & other that are there
24 abyden, escaped from the distruct«on / And yet sholde
troye be made vp agayn by me / but the god Appollo but Apoiio
commands him
of the cytee of tymbre, wyth the oracles, in short, pre- to go to itaiy,
and he must
ceptyue of the lande of lycye / co??zmamiden me to soo accomi'iish the
'■ -^ J J / ft will of the gods.
28 in to ytalye. and syth that it muste be thus doon, it is my lande ^ & my desire to accomplyshe aHe theyr wyHe / And it semeth that thou, oughte not in no wyse to repre- hende me, ne to haue ^ enuye vpon y* troians, of iheyr
32 goynge in-to ytalye, a strong lande, out of theyr nacyon / sith that thou art of thire, come from the meane regyons
* orig, unkonwen - Fr. pays. Strong, 1. 32, is cstramjc. ^ orig. htne
70
AENEAS DEFENDS HIMSELF.
[oh. XIX.
CAP. XIX.
Both on his own account
[*]eafE7, back]
and his son's he must go to Italy and carry out his destiny.
He tells of Mercury's message to liim,
which ought to satisfy her.
of fenyce, to enliabyte in libye, & to take thy playsure ill thy grete edyfyces of cartage, tliat thou doost make presently for to preside in hit / forsakyng the swete grouKde, moder to thy byrth. For to a peple yssued 4 out of strange lande, is licyte to seke strange places for theyr / dweHynge. And it sholde be a shame to me, that haue enterprysed the conquest of ytalye, to reside in this land of lybie, wythoute to accomplishe my wyage ; 8 wliiche thynge for to doo, I am incyted in dremys by the soule of my fader Anchisis / the whiche, atte aHe * tymes that the nyght obscure couereth the landes of her shadowes humyde / whan the sterres togyder 12 maken theyr rysyng / apyereth byfore me vndre the speche of a terryble ymage / strongely indygned, and ayenste me sore moeued. Also of a nother side I am sore contiu-bed wyth a drede merueyHous, for the grete 16 Iniurye that I doo to my dere sone Ascanius, whiche, by my longe taryenge, I doo pryue of the possession of the royame of ytalye / wherof the successyon is vnto hym due of ryghte heredytalie / and by veraye des- 20 tynacy after my deth / but there is no more / by cause that thou shalte not wene / that of my selfe I haue enterprysed this besines for to leue the / yet in trouth, and also I swere it by thy heddc, and also by my owne, 24 that Mercurye, the gret messager and grete Interpretour of the goddys, hath ben hastely sente fleyng by the ayer from lupyter, souerayne god, whiche hath brought me maundemente for to departe aHe incontynent / I 28 haue seen hym manyfestly, in lyght of godhed, to entre the walles of thy cytee / & aH: clerly of hym herde his voys wyth myn eerys properly, wherfore it ought weH to suffyce the / wythoute to presse me wyth wordes ony 32 more, sith that the goynge and enterpryse that I muste doo in ytalye, is not of myn owne wyHe : "
11^ sayeng the whiche wordes by eneas / dydo lokyng at one side, torned hir eyen sodaynli, wythout to 36
CH. XIX.] DIDO RErnOACnES AENEAS BITTERLY. 71
sjieke iieiicr a wordo / as a persone furyboir«ile & fury- cap. xix. ous : and or eiier that she coude saye oiiy thyng, as Dido bitterly
rc]ii-oaclies
rauysshed / helde her sighte aH mobyle, wythout to Atiuas, 4 areste it vpon one thynge of a long while / and after, by gret yre, gad red by immense sorow intrysiuque wythin her hert, sayd to hym in this -wyse : " o man right false says he is
neither of divine
and vntriie, that, "what someuer men sayen, was nener nor royal
descent, but
8 borne of no goddesse, nor procreated of EoyaHe lynee *comyng of the puissaunt dardanus, fyrst founder of the [* leaf e s] grete cytc of troye, but arte engendred of Caucasus ^ / bom of Mount
,.,. 11- ^ ^^ r ^ e \ ^ Caucasus, wliere
wluche IS a mou??tayne terryble in ynde, art tul oi harde grows hunger
that devours all
12 stones of dyuerse fygures, of merueyllous height that things, recheth almost vnto the heuyns / soo that neuer ony birde myghte passe ouer / where groweth hungre that was neuer satysfyed, to exstirpe & waste aHe the goodes
16 ccmyng oute of the erth, The which e, how be it that she hath chosen there her habytacion, for to deuoure aH thynges that corny n vnde[r] her ; AH this nethelesse suffiseth her not / but sendeth down her colde messagers /
20 as snowe / froste, heyle / & tempeste, transported & caste and whence
come cold,
of the ayer by the colde wyndes into the lowe regyons, »now, etc., to
destroy
and after doeth peryshe the trees & the herbes, the vegeution; corne, & aH other thynge growyng oute of the grou?ide /
24 and this doon, whan she hathe no thyng more, [s]he parforseth hyr self, wyth hir grete teeth, to ete the rotes vnder the grou?ide, that haue hidde hemself wythin the entraylles of tfierthe their moder / for to achieue
28 that aH were brought to destructyon / as tliow wylte doo of me, in folowyng the co?«lycions of y" subsiduous modre that hath made the to be norysshed and fedde or ho has been wyth the my Ike of the tygres of Yrcanye, that are miirofthe^
32 made wythoute to haue pyte of ony thynge that is of Hyfcanfa?**** borne in this worlde ; what holdetli me / but that I sliaHe sone goo fro my wyttcs, rcplcnysshed of grete madnesse / why is it that I dssymule to goo aHe oute ^ orig. Cancasus. Fr. Caucassus.
72'
DIDO USES VIOLENT LANGUAGE TO AENEAS. [CH. XX.
Dido upbraids Aeneas's want of feeling,
prays to Juno and Jupiter,
recounts her benefits to hira,
CAP. XX. from my wyttes ? wlierto wylle I thenne kepe my self e, nor lyue more from liens forth / sytli that this euyH man / & a tray tour, for what wepynge that I make, dayneth not gyue oute one only syghe, nor tome his 4 eyen to loke ones vpon me / nor haue no pyte of me, his sorowfuH loue / for to styre hym to one sighynge only, or to a tere desce?jdyng out of his eyen / what I [•leaf E s, back] ought to do / ne what parte to torne me, *what I may 8 saye / to what ende shold my wytte mow begynue ' nor where to haue recours / I wote not / 0 goddes celestial, and luno grete goddesse ! 0 lupiter, and aHe othre goddes, gyue socours to me, thys vnhappy / and 1 2 wul permute rigoure to equyte, in this bihalue."
IF How dido, with grete cursynges, gaf leu3
to Eneas / H Capitulo // xx
" A Las, I haue receyued this man, poure, myserable, 1 6
JTJl. and naufraged vpon the ryuage of the see / and, as euyli aduysed, haue kept hym, and weH entreated, and lyghtly & gretly coloqued, aboue the moost grete of my lande / his nauye I haue do make ayen, that was 20 leduced aH: in peces ; his folke, that were alia perisshed, and aHe lyuered to deth, I haue delyuered them therfrom, and receyued in-to my cyte / not onely receyued / but entreteyned / furnyshed and susteyned, 24 as them of my house / And nowe, for to rewarde me therof, I haue the rage of furoure atte my hertc, 0 disbelieves the what anguyshe / what lesyng, what treson fuH of divine messages despe^ac^on / how he swereth that the god Apollo, £8 by his aunsueres and augurementes ^ / the sortes pre- ceptyue of lycie, and the interpretour of the grete god lupiter, Mercurius, messager of the goddes / haue pressed hym strongly, by ryght grete commaundemcntes, 32 for to goo ryghte sone in-to ytalye / 0 aHe puissaunt lyght permane??t / before whome no thynge, be it ^ orig. angiu'cmcntes
CH. XX.] DIDO BIDS AENEAS GO, WITH CURSES. 73
neuere so secret nor couertly hept, can not be hyd, cap. xx. how weneth this man, by his false and deceyuables wordes, made stronge with right grete and horrible 4 othes, to make me to vndrestande / that ye aHe ben about for to make hym goo from me, as that ye fiad non othre besynesse but only to send doune youre knyghtes messagers towarde hym / 0, how thou art a 8 ryght stedfast lyar, that dredeth not to caHe the true caUs him a liar, goddes in testymonage for to con*ferme thy lesynge; [»sign. fj] and yet more, to Impute to theym that they ben cause of thyn vntrouth / JS'ow goo, thenne, syn it is soo / into and bids him go,
12 what someuer partyes that thou wylt / for I haue not the kepynge of the / I holds the not in no wyse / nor wyii not that thou abyde for me. crye strongly, and caHe the wyndes / and doo the worste that thou
1 6 canste ! calle after Yolus & ^N'eptunus, for to lede the in-to ytalye ! hie the, and make it shorte / mounte vpon the see, and tarye no lenger / For I truste that the goddes of equyte pyetouse, haue suche puyssau»ce, thou
20 shalte abyde nauf raged wythin the see / thy shyppes imping he win broken ayenste the roches / and shaHe caHe me often to thyne ayde, in grete complayntes & merueyllouse rewthes, that thou haste thus habandouned me, dydo,
24 dysplaysaunte and desolate / that sone shalle folowe and threatens the / by fyre mortalie inflammed. & whan the colde ' *
deth shaH: haue separed me, and taken awaie the soule and that after from the body, my spyrite shaH aproche the nyghe in spirit haunt iiim,
__ r -I n -n o "'"^ liear how lie
2o all the places of thy nagenacyons, peynes & tormentes, laments in iiis
troubles.
for to see thy sorowes, and to here thy wepynges and sobbynges, and grete lamentacyons ; wherof I shalle make my reporte vnto the pryue goddis, beyng in the 32 lowe shadowes : "
t How dydo felle doun in a swone / and how & in what manere slie was borne awaye by hir wymen ; and also how
74 DIDO SWOONS, AND THE TROJANS PREPARE TO DEPART. [CH. XXI.
CAP. XXI. dyligently the nauye of eneas was made
redy for to goo in to ytalye.
Capituliim xxj
IN sayeng the Avhiche wordes, how be it that dydo 4 hadde jjurposed to saye inoche more / she brake
said much more,
her speche aHe atte ones by ryghte grete sorowe ; Toke and dystourned her eyen from the lyghte where she
Dido swoons, was inne / And f elle in a swoune, as alle ded to the 8 grounde. she was soone take vppe by her wymmen, that bare her in-to her chambre marbryne, & leyd
[•sign. Fj, back] her vpon a lityl bedde. Wherof Eneas, *how be it
that he had grete pyte and compassyon of her, and 12 desired sore to comforte her wyth swete & amyable woordes, for to assuage her sorowe in grete sobbynges / for grete displaysnre & sorowe that he had, to see his swete loue suffre suche^ a peyne / Alwayes he 16 determyned hymself, & went his wayes for to see his
and the Trojans shippes / Thenne whan his folke and maryneres sawe
continue their
pre
rarotions'for hym / they dyd hie hemselfe yet more fast to werke,
depar ure, ^^^ ^^ haste their goyng / transported the moste parte 20
of the nauye, that was talowed / & weii garnysshed wyth pytche / oute of the hauen in-to the rode ; made oores of wood aH grene, comynge new out of the forest / and toke also ryght grete trees, and foyson of 24 other tymbre, for to apropre to their other besinesses, in grete desire to departe sone hens, ye sholde se troians of aH sides, that ranne, some dou?avarde / and thother vpwarde, aHe of one wyile to haue furnysshed 28 They are com- theyr shippes, euyn soo as pysmers are wou?<te to do, whose mc^thod of dredyng sore the wynter / whan they haue founde a ^ shokke of whete or other come, goo sone oute of theyr
nest, and aHe by one waye, for to here awaye their 32 proye / Some lade themselfe / som helpen the other, and thother drawe after theim tliai / that they can not here ; that other commauwdeth and setteth hem aH in 1 orig. snche
CH. XXI.] DIDO, IN GREAT DISTRESS, SENDS FOR HER SISTER. 75
ordre ; a notlier forseth hym self to swepe the place ; cap. xxi. a nother kepetL, that other hystoweth it; And the curiously
described.
other iiicyteth to make dyligence / one renneth, a 4 nother cometh agayn / and that other seketh what to lade hym selfe wyth aHe. a nother hath somoche laden that he late faHe som by the waye / And thenwe he caHeth for helpe, soo that the waye is neuer deliuered 8 of theym, tyH that they haue doon theyr besinesses. IF Alas, Dydo, where is thy wytte bycome, thy fayr Dido is in great maynteyn and swete countenaunce 1 what goode, what loye / and what playsure, nor solace of loyefuH re-
12 membraunce, maye thou *haue, byholdyng vpon thyse [•sign, f ij] thinges / What terys^ and grete .sighynges / what complayntes, caHynges and lamentacyons, dyde yssue that tyme out of thy swete brest, whan thou were in
16 the highe lofte^ of thy grete towres, and sawe the see ' alle troubled and tourmented with shyppes and orys / IT 0 right grete loue Importunate, to whome aHe thinge The power of
Love over
diffycile / semeth to be facile for to come to her human strength.
20 entent / how hast thou so grete strengthe oner the corage humainel This dydo, for to serue the iiowe, fonndreth aH in teeris ; after, parforceth herself by praiers ; and after, submytteth hersilf to aHe daungers /
24 and to aHe thinges dyuerse ; leueth nothinge, how stronge that it is, how sharj), harde nor grete / but tliat she wyl parforce herself for to experimente them aHe, or euer she dclybere herself vtterly to the dethe /
28 After she dyde doo caHe anne, her suster germayne, and d\<\o smds for to her recyteth a part of her sorowe ; and with grete shows*'her'tiie rewthe bygannc thus to saye vnto her / " Anne ! beholde inuingVoi and see how this folke haste hcmself , & assemble from
32 euery syde in-to the haucn / they haue drawen vp
alredy theire hyghe sayHes vpon the grete mastes of
theyre shippes, aHe spred abrodo ayenst the wyndes,
desirynge^ and waytynge after the .storme, for to
^ orirj. treys ^ orig. lotfe ^ orir/. desiryuge
dciiarture.
7$ . DIDO REQUESTS HER SISTER ANNE [CH. XXI.
CAP. XXI. ledo hens the nauye aHe attones, whiche they haue garnyshed wyth floures, and garlandes, and "with crownes The Trojans' joy in sygne of loye & gladnes, that niaketh my sorowe Dido's'sonow, and heuynes to be moche the greter / Alias ! yf I had 4 weH thoughte to haue fallen in the Inconuenyent where I fynde now myself ynne, I wolde haue purueied therto in suche wise / That I shulde not haue come by noo waye to thys greuouse tourment of mortaHe sorowe 8 where I am so ferre come, In to the bytternes of grete which she can myserie / that by noo wyse I can not here it noo lenger / socorus to the, must I the?me sake, my swete [* sign. Fij, back] sustcr, & my right dere frende / * saue my body ! saue 12 so comes to her me my lyf ! and for to doo this, I praye & requyre the, that one message only it playse the for to do for me, towarde that traytour, that man of euyl corag, that ■ hath loued the gretly / and hath vttered his secretes 16 vnto the entierly, so that thou knowest his condic/ons & his dedes / the places / the houres & mouementes, and the oportunyte of the tyme moost propyce for to and prays her to speke wyth hym. Goo thenne anone, my suster, wyth 20
go to the false it xi r i
Aeneas, and show all humylite / to rcQuyre myn e?<mye mortan, the false
him tliat she liad
no part in the encas, whiche is ayenst me so fyers, shewynge vnto
Greek con- '' ^ , ^ ^
spiracy against jjyjj^ pietously / how I haue not be in no wyse /
thynkinge nor consentyng in the cursed yle of Aulite, 24 whan of one assente aH the grekes folke swore that troye shold be distroyed / The harde conspyracion of the same grete excysion was made ferre from my lande ; and neuer socours ne comforte by me, nor of 28 my supporte, was gyuen to theym, for to doo that my shippes nor my armye were neuer sent thyder for to gyue greuaunce to the troians / nor neuer of me came euyH vnto them, nor no thyng that was to theym 32 nuysible. Also I haue not rented, vyolated ne broken, neither has she the pyramyde of his faders sepulture. I neuer dyde S^sortofwiy; amys, nor neuer offended ayenst hym / wherby he
ought to leue me aside / Infestamice obprobre ne 36
CH. XXII.] TO BEQ AENEAS TO DELAY HIS DEPARTURE A LITTLE. 77
vytupere to anchises, whan lie lined, that called hym cap. xxii. fader of Eneas, nother to his soule after his deth / were neuer doon of my behalue / Alas why, suster, in
4 shewynge thyse thynges vnto hym / wyte of hym / why he hath nie in suche indygnacyon / that he refuseth to lene his ceres / for to vnderstande my wordes, that ben soo iuste and resonable, as thi self
8 knowest : 0 ! he wyiic now goo soo hastely, atte this tyme whiche is so dau??gerouse / atte leeste that it and to asi^ him maye playse hym to grau?2te a yefte to me, his sorowfuH de/iaituie tlu loue, that is onely / that he wyHo tarye and dyfierre 12 his departynge vnto *the newo tyme / that the swete [* sign, f iij] wyndes shaHe putte hemselfe vp in pacify cac/on of when the
weather will be
the see pestilencyaH, that then?ze shaHe permytte hym less stormy, facely & lightly for to do his vyage safly. I do not She does not ask
him to fulfil his
16 somone hym for taccomplysshe his promyse simulatvue promise of
"' ^ "^ f J J marriage, but
of the mariage of vs two / nor that he leue his purpose only to delay his
' '^ '■ departure a
for to goo in-to ytalie / but I requyre only that he i'^^^*^- putte this thyng in delaye for a certayn space of
20 tyme / Duryng the whiche, I may induce my self to sorow, & that infortune admynystre to me my sorowes by proces of tyme, one after a nother, wythout to suffoke me now vtterli in-to the depe see of amaritude,
24 wythout ony reysing / soo doo, I praye the, my suster, hauinge of me remembrauHce / that it playse the to goo & make vnto hym this ray present requeste / & if Anne does
this she shall be
thus doynge, I shaHe make thee myn heyre, to enioye Dido's heir. 28 & receyue, after my deth, y*' renues of aH: my londe."
^ How eneas brake tlie okeii tree for the grcte loue of dydo Capitulum xxij
Tlic whiche thynges, thus sayd by dydo, Anne her Anne goes to Aeueas. ^^ suster Avent incontynent towarde eneas, to
make vnto hym her feble legacion. the whiche he
wold not grau?it, by cause tliat the dyuyno co»nnau?«de-
mentis inhibytores, that liad stopped his ceres of pite,
36 were co?jtrarie to the same ; and many goynges &
78
AENEAS RESISTS THE TEMPTATION TO REMAIN. [CH. XXII.
CAP. XXII.
Aeneas resists temptation as an oak does the tempest,
despite all blasts.
[» sign. P iij, back]
The older It is, the more firmly fixed are its roots.
So stands Aeneas,
though sorely moved by pity for Dido,
and lier sister's remonstrances and apjjeals.
comynges were there made of the sayd a»ne from one parte to thother / that fynably Avere aH frustratoire / and percisted eneas / like as a grete oke tre, aj/tyque & in-uetered of many yeres among the grete stones liarde, 4 strongely roted, whiche is ofte caste of many Avyndes & orages, wherof the fours wyndes happen ofte to assem- ble togider, one ayenst thai other, for to ouerthrawe hym dou?ie, & wyth their grete Wastes taken his hie 8 brau?iches, whiche they shake & bowe lui-to y^ grouTzde / & make hem to braye & crie by impetuouse moeuynges,^ tendyng to distroye hym vtterli / wherof y* gret tronc *auncient, that the more that he is olde / hie brau?iched / 12 spacyouse & grete, the more thicke & depper ben his rotes spred wythin therthe, & related bytwyx th[e] harde roches, abydeth euer styl ferme, & moeueth by no wyse. In lyke wyse dyd semblable Eneas, that, how be 16 it that he was strongli impelled in his corage by y^ per- suasions & harde lame?ztacz'ons confyte in pietous teeres rewnyng dou7ie the swete face of dydo / that he somoche derly had loued, & by her was restored from deth to 20 lyf / from a??guishe & calamyte, in-to right grete prosperite / wherof y^ reme7?ibrau?;ce greued hym ryght sorowfuHy by incytacz'on compatyble, whiche admow- nesteth hym to socoure this dolant lady / the whiche 24 by her snster maketh hym to be induced to doo the same / by many exhortactons & pyetous remo?/strances excytatiue of aH weH: wyHyng noryce of loue in dylec- tton mutueUe of swete charite / condolaunt ouer them 28 thai ben affliged / aH this nethelesse, the resolucion intrinsque of his courage is euer reduced to thobey- ssau«,ce of y* goddes, & to their deuyne co?7imau7?de- mentes,the whiche, aH tliise thynges reiecte from hym, 32 he enterprised for taccomplysshe after his power :
Al^'d what wyHe y* swete fenyce, foundrynge in teeres / thai for ony thyng that she may saye / do, or tliynke, can not co?Hierte the courage of eneas 1 she 36 1 orig. moenynges
CH. XXII.] dido's terrible sorrow at AENEAb's REFUSAL. 79
taketh. her recours to wyshe deth, ouer moche noyeth cap. xxii. her to lyue lenger in this worlde / fleeth aH: mowdayn Dido's great playsurs / fleeth recomforte & aH companyes, fleeth 4 v^ palavces & her chambre arayed, fleeth y* lyghte of she avoiiis
J l -J •' ' J JO company and
y'' daye / fleeth the so?me, & the heuyn shynynge / In the light of day. her closet hideth herself, sore sighyng, makynge grete sorowe. But yet,' for to augmente more her sorow in 8 desperaczon, thus hid, & makynge her secret sacrifyces wyth y^ lyght of the fyre brennyng & ewflamed vpon her pouldres of fra?2kencens,^ wherof she decored her oblac^ons for to Immole byfore thawtres of her temples,
12 *she sawe & aperceyued horryble thynges that made [* sign, p iiij] her fulsore affraied, moche more than she was to-fore / that is to wite, the holy waters dedicate to the sacr[i]- jjg^ sacrifices go fice, became blacke & obscure, & chauwged in horrible ''*''''"2-
16 licoure. And also apperceyued how the good wynes of swete odour, ordeyned for the lybacions or washynges of the sacryfices, were co?merted & tourned in spece of Her visions and
delusions are
bloode crueH, aH dede, & almost rotyn, whiche for cer- dreadful, but she
' ' "^ ' keeps them
20 tayne was to her a harde thinge to beholde / wherof secret. a grete malencolie enuaded thewne her herte & her wittes, aH ynoughe troubled of the thynges precedent / whiche thinges she kept clos & shette withynne the
24 shryne of her sorowfuH thoughte, without to notyfye them to eny body lyuynge / aHe were he neuer so gretly her frende, not oneli to her suster anne, that afore had weH knowen aH her secrete thoughtes & other
28 pryue thinges ; amonge the whiche she hadde a lyteH
sacraire of marbeH, made in manere of a temple, in Her shrine in remembrau?ice of Sycheus, that his brother pygmalyon Sycheus, herWst liad putte to destruction / whiche, duryng the maryage
32 of liem two, dede haunte there fuH ofte / and made it
to be weHe ornated & hanged with fayre tappytes
white, & crowned weH rychely with crownes of
golde, weH enameyHed, & ryght curiously & proprely
^ oritj. fra/tkenceus
80
CAP. XXII.
From this shrine she seems to hear her husband's voice.
[* sign. P iiij, back]
She hears the owl,
the bird of 111- oiuen and darkness,
vhich sits almost nightly on her palace,
and moves her to weeping with its moanings,
to her prophetic.
DIDO SEES VISIONS AND OMENS. [CH. XXII.
kerued / & of other somptuouse thynges in grete lionoure & reuereiice / out of y*" whiche sacrayre, w[i]thin tliG temple aforsayde, after that this dydo had vtterly submytted & dedicate her-self to eneas, out of tlie 4 place of maryage, in brekynge her first feithe promysed to sycheus / her semed that she herd come ther-out often some voyces of her sayde late husbande, Sycheus, hym complaynynge, and blamynge her by cryes and 8 lamentacyons, in right grete wepynges & quaretlouse plaintes / and after, atte euen, about y^ gooyng vnder of y*' so?zne, whan y^ derk night taketh y* landes vnder her gouernance / she, beynge alle alone *in her secrete 12 and pryue houses / vnderstode & herde at euery owre the owle, whiche is a byrde fieyng by nyght, ferynge ye lyghte of the daye / wherof the song termyncth in pyetous extermynacion, whiche dooth quake & fereth 16 thertes of the hereers, & constristeth theym wyth a sorowfuH mynde ; wherby it is sayd that he is a byrde mortaHe, or otherwyse, denouncer of mortalite, And co«uerseth often in the chircherde, vpon the temples & 20 symulacres, & in places that ben solitare & pesty- le?zcious / this byrde a-boue declared, cam almost euery nyght vj^on the temples & hie pynacles of the palayce & cyte of elysse, in syngyng of fyne manere, in 24 grete draughtes & of a longe brethe, his right sorowf uH^ songe / soo that ryght often he moeued of dydo the corage, iii-to grete teres & sobbynges malencolyouse, f uH of trystesses & meruey House thoughtes. and of another 28 side, come to her remembrau?2ce the grete iustyces & dyuynac/ons presagyous & aruspycyous, vnto her tolde, & so?ntyme denoujzced, by the auguryes ^ & prenostyca- tures of her harde and aduerse fortunes, that to her 32 were frustred / wherof the most parte she had weH: knowen & approued to haue ben veritable / that con- tryste her alwayes to sorowe more than afore / After ^ orig. sovowfnll ^ orig. anguryes
CH. XXII.] dido's miserable condition. 81
whiles that she is lieng iu her bedde, wenynge to slepe cap. xxii. & take souk; reste, horrible dremes & cruel, comen to- pido dreams that fore her in hir niynde / that tormente her in tremoure her to destroy
4 merueyllous ; her hert semeth somtyme that eneas foloweth her of nyghe, as alio forcened, replenysshed wyth rage & tormented in f uroure, for to distroye her, & vtterly subcombe her in-to persecucyon extreme / And
8 after seeth herselfe lefte all alone wythout companye,
goyng by longe wayes, dystroied, deserte & vnhabyted,
as a woman loste, vagau?it aboute the landes vnknowen
to her / where she goeth. After, wyth this dreme
12 Cometh to her aduyse, that her cyte and landes of
Cartage are aH dystroied *andi tourned in exyH / [* leaf F 5] wherfore she lleeth, for doubte to be taken, and also that
Carthage is
retourneth towarde the marche of thyr, wenynge for to destroyed, 16 come to a place of sauete : but sodaynly co^imeth tofore her in her remenbrau?2ce, the grete Iniurye that she hathe doon to the tyrynes / withdrawen theire folke, & taken theire goode, and aHe the rychesses of sycheus / 20 the whiche to be had, pygmalion, kynge of aHe the lande, made hym to be slayne and mordred falsly ; wherfore she doubteth lest asmoche shulde be doon to but she fears to
1 ci jji-1 »iii 1 ■!• return to Tyre,
her yi she went tnidre. And thus she remayneth in dreading Pygma- lion's vengeance. 24 this poynt desolate, without eny hope of some refute to
haue, as aH tourned from herself for grete sorowe in-to
a rageouse franesye ; euen thus as was the sone of
pantheus cardynus, Avhan, in his grete furyosite, was
28 conucrted and tourned by Acho out of his witte, so
that hym semed that he sawe the felawes of the
Emmendes and aHe theire excercyte / that is to wite,
Thesypho, Megere, and Atheleto, thei thre furyouse She is like Pen-
. . thcus tortured by
32 goddesses, infernaHe, incytatyue to aHe euyH thynge, the Furies, that dystroyen and bryngen aHe to nought, kutten and choppen / breken and marrcn, aHe the werke and subtyH artyfyce that men haue made / Clotho and also Latheser,
^ oriy. aud ENEYDOS. G
82 dido's visions. CADMUS the inventor of letters, rcil. XXII.
The Fates produce nil creatures.
Dido sees two suns.
Two cities of Tliebes.
I* leaf F ;
CAP. XXII. that neuer ceassen to spynne and weue / To sette to gyder and to coagule aHe natives for generacyon / Wherof are produced aHe the creatures that out of the erthe ben heued vp to the ayere. Of another syde she saw also, to 4 lier seniynge, two sonnes shynynge one by another, that presente hemself by symulacyon wythin the fantasme of lier entendement, aHe troubled in grete confusyon of dysplaysures and sorowes excessyue, aHe dyuerse in 8 contrary qualyte / And y* two thebes, grete citees merueyHouse, that appieren in aduysion to be bifore her eyen / whiche to her semyng are bothe properly one back] lyke another / How be it that there was neuer *but one, 1 2 whiche a kyng of grece caHed cadinus, made so??ityme, Cadinus (Cad- that lounde fiist y^ lettres & the arte of writyncf, whiche
iiuis) of Thebes, , . .
the fir.st inventor he Sent iu to diuerse cou?itrees, & prvncipallv in the
of letters and _ y f J f J
writing. land of fenice, wherre he made scriptures, grete bokes & 16
cronicles / lerned the folke to rede & to Avrite / wherof right grete lawde was to him attribued, to haue fou«de hy subtyH artyfice suche a manere of waye, that men may doo knowe aH his wiHe, & notyfie it to whome he 20 AviH, by one symple lettre, be it nyghe or ferre, be it of peas or of were, of amyte, or of eny other thing / without to departe himself from his place, but onely by a messager whiche is sent ther / whiche haply shaHe 24 knowe nothing of the niatere / & aHe be he dombe or specheles, yf he take tlie lettre vnto hym whome it is dyrected vnto, howe be it that he were atte roome or in nauarre, in hongary or in englande / he shaH therby 28 vnderstande the desyre of hym that hath sente suche a messager vnto him / wherbi yet atte tliis owre, Avith a good right & a luste cause, is lefts of the god cadynus here in erthe his grete loenge and good reno??imee, that 32 neuer shal be extyncted nor anychiled, nor here after abolished. But in token of this, that the first lettres wherof he was iuventour, came out of fenyce, equypared to purpre coloure, By cause that in that countrcy were 36
A digression on the art of writing.
The first letters were purple.
CH. XXII. J dido's sufferings compared to those of ORESTES. 83
the pourpre clothes fyrst made, and the coloure founde / cap. xxii. "We wryte yet in cure kalenders the hyghe festes wyth Red, i.«. purple,
letters are still
rede lettres of coloure of purpre / And the grete ^std to signify
feasts in our
4 capitaHe lettres of the bvtrynnyncfe and princypaP of calendars, ai.dto
1 JoJ J O I Jl head psalms and
the psalmosand chapytres wythin oure bookes, ben aHe ci»apters.
niayde fayre ther wythaHe. IT But yet the grete
trybidacon of Elysse is equypared to that of horrestes, Dido's sutrerings
compared to
8 the sone of Agamenon, wetle ofte recyted in the tiiose of Orestes, comedies senoyses, inakynge mencyon Howe, In sygne of vengau?«ce of the dethe of hys fader. And turpy- tude *dyshonest of clytemestra his moder, after thoc- [*ieafF6]
12 cysion of her, & that he torned himself in-to furiosite, him semed tJiat he sawe incessaimtli his saide -moder clitniestra / or proserpine of heH, the grot goddesse / or who for the slay- the moder of y'' eme?«des that I haue named aboue, aH was horribly
16 enflamed in y^ face with fire brennyng / & the lied aH Proserpine. fuH of right grete serpentes, graffed there-vpon as thike as heerys, that pursued hym at aHe houres, in aHe places, for to distroye hym, in makynge vyndicacion of the
20 detli of his sayd moder / And forto distourne & haue himse[l]f a-side from there waie / was co?;seiH:ed by piladis for to goo or transporte himself in-to delphos, & to flee anone hastly aH streighte vnto y° temple of and attempting
24 appoHo / the wiche horrestes, trowinge by this subtyl Delphi, was an-
ticijiated by the
meane to be escaped / whan he was come byfore y*^ gate goddess, and so
lost all hope.
of the sayd temple, or there aboute / he fonde the forsayd goddesses infernaU, that sette there ouer thentre
28 of the sayd temple, as a-waytyng there after his comyng, Avhiche was to hym more greuous a thyng than it was a-fore / Avher-by he lost thenne the hope of his entcnt / The sayd elysse, vaynquysshed & ouercome
32 of the grete ajjguysshes, sorowes & heuynesses, whiche dyde flowe at her herte in grete babou?;dance, one vpon a notlier / as admonestemcntes & incytacions whiche somono to procure y'' dcth / proposed then?je to
1 ori(j. itiiucypal
O 2
B4: DIDO SENDS FOR HER SISTER ANNA. [CH. XXIII.
CAP. XXIII. ]iabandou?ie herself, & vtterly determyned for to deye / So Dido loses & tlyd delibere in herself of the manere more ho?iest / & of the tyme couenable to thai same, how & in what manere she myghte do hit / & shortly expose herself to 4 deth / & she beyng in this tryst thoughte, after her con- clusion taken, & her fayt arrested / sent to her swete She sends for suster aiiiie for to come toward her / & couered her
her sister.
tryst thonght wyth a manere of gladnes ynough, not 8 wiHyng to manyfest. ne bi no wise to declare vnto her, the caas nor the coweluc/on /7«^t she laad taken of her deth / biitassone as she was com, went & said to her in [» leaf F 6, back] this ma*nere : — |2
% Of the wordes of dydo to hir suster anne/ Cap / xxiij
MY right dere suster & parfite frende : wil ye reioysshe my corage to the reco?nfort of my 16 sorowes and bitternes 1 Veryly I haue enquyred yf it Tells her she Were iiot possible for to fynde som waye to pease &
wishes to find , , ,i , n i r t i
some way out of make swcte the grete euynes wheroi i am esprysed,
li6r sorrows
& to departe myself without heuynes from the grete 20 loue that I haue to eneas, or to make hym to remeue & retourne toward me without tarynge. & so moche I haue doon by my dilygent inquisic/on / that I haue fo?mde athinge ryght meruey House / It is trouthe, my 24 swete suster, that about the lymytes of the grete see that men caHe occeane, in the marches or the so?aie goynge-vnder, right nyghe to thai place where he lyeth at the endes^ vpon his last part of therth there habitable / 28 where co?merse thethyopes, is a certeyn co?itre of habitacwn merueyHouse, wh-ere as men sayen the grete athlas, thai susteyneth vpo?i his sholders thaxtre of y^ and tells her of mocuyug of thcuen witli his sterris bre«nynge, that 32 where is tii'e axis maketh hym to moeue & tourne to what syde that
of the heavens. ., , , , , . n i n t ji •
he wil / maketh hys prmcypaH duettynge. In tins 1 oi'ig. line
en. XXIII.] DIDO TELLS HER SLSTER OF THE WONDERFUL WITCH. 85
place, tlie?me, wherof I telle you, as I haue be aduer- cap. xxiir. tised, is a right lioly woman, whiche is a prestresse & ih^re is a won- wardeyne of the faire temples of the Operydes, whiche priestess ilf^the
OiiGrvdBs
4 are the doughters of athlas / she is theire maistres, theire (HesperiUes), tutryce and. techer, that lerneth and enterteyned hem / & incyteth & techeth them for to doo sacrifice to y* goddesse / & for her grete witte & knowynge, & also 8 for her grete scie?ice, that be knitte togider Avith tliat experience that she hath within her of aH thinges / was taken vnto her y" cure and gouememe?it of fhcd tendynge & of the norryture of y^ fiers dragon that had tliat and nurse of the
12 tyme the kepyng of the holy brauy^ches of the tree guards tue tree with golden frute, that bare apples aH of golde / & apples, prepared to hym his mete, aHe after his cojwplexion, somtyme Avete thinges humyde, whan he Avas wexed
16 lone, for to haue hym soone vp ay en / Another tyme,
powdres and *graynes of poppy & other seedes, for to [*ieafF7I make hym soone a-slepe, whan he was ouermoche traueylled / and' admynystred to hym his metes after
20 that he was dysposed / This lady knoweth many thynges / and emonge other, wyH vndertake, and pro- niytteth, by her sortes and charmes, to deliuer pure and playne the affections and courages that ben bou«den who can work
24 and enterlaced in loue one towarde an other, to them affairs of love, that she is playsed, and hath theym attones, wythoute prolongacz'on ne taryeng from y^ grete loue merueyll- ouse ; and to the co?itrarye, putteth loue sodaynly in-to
28 theym that happely thinketh not vpon. But yet this
is a lityl thynge to the regarde of the other grete arty- and do still fices and werkes that she can doo, as to tarye & ^'^*^'* '^^ "'"*° ^^ areste sodaynli the flodes & grete ryuers, that they
32 goo no ferther doiine ; And make their bygge stremes
rennyng, to remounte vpwarde ; the sterres also, and aH in things the fyrmamente she maketh to retorne abacke / the internal. soules pryuated & lowe, that be descended in-to helle,
3G constrayneth theym often by nyghte tyme to spoke
86 DIDO DESIRES ANNA TO MAKE A GREAT FIRE. [CH, XXIII.
CAP. XXIII. ■\v3'tli lier / she maketli therthe to calle & crye, "wlian
she tredcth vpon, and somtyme tourmenteth it in so
Dido continues dyuGi'se mail ore that she aH to-shaketh it, & puUeth
to recount the
witch's powers, oute the greto trees, & maketh them to falle do?me 4 from the mountaynes, by her grete wyndes & terryble orages & teiiipestes that she draweth & sendeth in to
but swears she dyuersB contreys. But I swere to y", my dere suster
will not avail ni ii oiitii in
herself of the aid geimayn, by aae thy goddes & thy hede debonayr / 8
of magic.
that in aH thartes & scyences magicque, wherof this lady & prestresse e??tromytreteth herse[l]f / I wolde nener sett my selfe therto, nor enqnere no thing therof / and this that I haue ewterprysed for to doo / it is by grete 12 prayer & co?istraynt, & in my body defendyng / alwayes sith that I haue enterprised fermly my wyttes therunto / it byhoueth me the?me to doo t?iat aH that therto appar- teyneth for to brynge better oure werke to an ende / 16 [»ieaf F7, back] *And bi cause that it is of costume & necessarie to haue euer fyre without ceasse, I requyre the, my swete suster, & praye, that in som place of my palaice moost secret, that men be not aware of it, thou doo a grete 20 fyre to be made / And the armures of y' man without pite, y* false eneas, for whome I calle ' alas that euer he was borne' / Avhiche he bathe lefte hanginge in my Dido begs Anna chambie, with aHc his habilimejites & other thinges,his 24 lire in some ' of owne, lefte behi?ide in my priue closet, where I was
secret jiart of her . . . ^
palace and burn peiisslied & lay many a night, he & I togider, must
the armour, etc.
left by Aeneas, aHe be cast in to that grete fyer, for to brenne & con-
uerte theym in to asshes / as doeth teHe & co???mau??d- 28 eth, that woman of grete scie?ice / that men must doo perishe & oblishe, distroye & take aHe out of memorie, aHe that is abiden behinde of that traytour & crueH approued. 32
% How dydo in grete bewayHynges, praied her suster to make a grete fyre in a place moost secrete of her palayce, for to bre;me
CII. XXIV.] DIDO GOES TO THE FIRE. / 87
tlic liarneys Sc raymo/Hes of Eneas / & cap. xxiv. how, by dyuers sortes, she weude to hauc dystroyed him. Capitulo xxiiij.
4 4 Ftcr y" -wluche thiiiges, clydo kept lierself stitt, XjL without eny wordes more to spekc, aH pale & discoloured as a body that is lake// out of y''eitlie, or fro soni gretc c^ sodainc peril, whcrof anne her .suster was
8 uioche abasshed / ahvayes she doubted her self in noo wj'se, that her suster wolde enteiule to doo a newe sacry- fice, thai afore that tyme had neuer be doon / that is, to sacryfye hir self with funeraiHes mortaHe, by fyre Anna, unsus-
]ie(:tinK, makes ,i
12 horrible ; & knewe not that she was accensed nor esprised '"''' as ordered by
^ ^ Didd.
in her corage of so grete a furour, nor that her sorowe had be wers / than was that, that she suffred atte the dethe of her late husbonde Sycheus. And went
16 and deteriiiyned her self for to fulfiHe the coniniauude- nient of her sayd suster Elysse, and to doo aHe by ordre that that she had charged her for to doo / The whiche thinges thus doon of the queone dydo / wiH-
20 yng to procede to *hcr sayd sacryfice, wont to see the [.*ieafF8] place where the grete fyre shulde be kendled, whiche she founde aHe redy made, garnissed with a grete quantyte of logges, and vnder hem and round(i aboute,
24 grete foison of drie fagottes & other smaH wood for to Dido goes to the kendle the fyre lyghtly / & toke herself for to encence it, and to sufibu/^'ge the place / And crowm-d it with garlandes made of herbes and braunches, that men bane and ei.iwns the,
]iilean<l an inuigo
28 of costume^ to puttevpon the corcesof the dede l)odies, of Aeneas witu
'■ ^ ' garland.s.
\y)0)i theyre graues and toni1)es, and also ouer the ymage and fygure of eneas, that she had doo make after the semblaunce '^ of hym, for to be brente ther 32 with her. And toke the swerde that he had h^ft with her, that she hidded in the same place, for to accom- plysshe y" werke that she thought fur to doo / Aftre, ^ custom ^ 07-i'j. .seiiil)l:uiuco
88
THE WITCH OF ATLAS PREPARES THE SACRIFICE. [CH. XXIV.
CAP. XXIV.
The "Witcli.
Her invocation of the infernal gods,
of the moon,
[* leaf F 8, back]
in which is the triple figure of Diana,
the sprinkling of dark water.
The Witch uses herbs cut by night, and hi]>iiomanes.
she wolde goo with the sayde in'cstresse to her saciy- fice of magique that she had ordeined to be doo / and were the temples and aAvtiers weHe prepared and garnyished, of oblacions and other thinges necessarye 4 and coniienable to this present obsequye. And thenne came out the olde witche of charmouse magyque, in her raymentes made in dyucrse maneres, aHe her hed shauen, for to fuldoo her sacrifyces / Atte the begyn- 8 nynge of whiche, she inuoqued and called thre tymes by hidous wordes, thre hundred goddes infernaH / and the grete habitacyon of lieH sem-pyternaHe wyth their confusion / the moder of magyque, in her triple pro- 12 porcyon, and the thre faces of the mone that shyneth by the quarfours, somtyme wyth two grete homes, & somtyme as it were cutte by the myddes / A nother tyme she appyereth alio rounde, wherof many one ben 16 merueyled / By cause that they ygnore the causes / the whiche, yf they knewe theym, they sholde not Bappely mcrueylle. Also from wythin it is obscured moche more in some places than in some other. So 20 that men myght saye that it encloseth, * that it is the tryple fygure of the vierge dyane, wherof malceth her Inuocacion this lady olde magicienne / And thus dooynge, she dide asperse the place with the waters 24 obscure, venemouse and blak, representyng the lycoure of the hydous fontaynes of heHe / After, she maketb to be brought to her certayne herbes, freshe and newe mowen & taken by nyght whan the mone shyneth, 28 with sercles of coper, wherof the luse is passyng venpn- ouse, and of coloure aHe blake. And with this she tak- eth the lytcH skynne that remayneth of the secondyue within the forhed of the lyteH foole, that must be 32 scraped awaye from hys forhed whan he is newly borne, afore that the moder lycketh it of / Avhereof, after that doon, he shaHe not be knowen of his sayde moder / as it is sayde, so that she refuseth to gyue 36
CH. XXIV.] DIDO AND THE WITCH — THEIR INVOCATIONS. 89
lij^m souke / as it were not lier owne / And also it is cap. xxiv. named and called the skynnc * mortaHe loue,' bi cause Description of that after the saide prestresse, the foole shal neuer the skin ' mortiii
4 haiie luste to souke hys moder, but yf she liketh or etetli the secondying, or atte leste that same skinne that he hathe in his forhede ; and men shulde saie that by the same cause shulde procede the nioderly loue /
8 yf it were not that iuclynacion nutureHe purposed ageynst the same / But aHe that is sayde aboue, made the forsayde magycyeune, Dydo beynge ther present, Dido, ungirt, on
her knees, with
that helde in her handes a grete stone ane rounde, with one foot bare and
a round stone in
12 one fote bare, and the other hosse on / AHe vngyrde, her hands, and vpon her knees, as a vassaH that doeth homage to his lorde, of a parfytte corage, as she that is redy to Immole herself vnto aH the goddes, in syght of aHe the
16 sterres, that ben coulpable of her faHe by their con- iunctions, and moeuynge, and influences celestyaHe, that sygnyfye and denounce the dysposycion secret of the deuine prouydence / saynge, that yf ther be eny mercy-
20 ftiU god and pytcous, that medleth hym to receyue and
beholde *the consideracyon of loners, that maketh theim [* sign, g j]
to enterteyne weH togider wythoute varyaunce / that
it wyH playsehym, for his pyte, to corrige and punysshc prays for retribu- tion on Aeneas.
24 thoffence that Eneas hath co?wmytted ayenst her, and wyHe retrybue hym iustely, aHe after his demeryte. After aHe the whiche sacryfices / oblacyons, prayers & After which in-
. vocations and
requestes, thus made m grete deuocyon and aifectyon iiniyer-s,
night conies and
28 synguler, as aboue is sayd / and that the tyme after otiier things rest, the daye is paste and goon, whiche is couenable in aH landes for the bodyes humayn that haue traueylled, to take reste, that thenne is to theym playsaunt and
32 agreable, was come to his ordre / that tyme that the grete woodes & forestes / the see also / and aH thynges that ben crueH & nuysyble, take in hem selfe reste and slcpe / And whiles that the sterres ben in theyr courses
36 weH yocked, whan aHe the feldcs ben in silence, the
90 dido's doubts as to pursuing the TROJANS. [CII. XXV.
CAP. XXV. byrdes / and bestes brute ; and whan tbe giete poundes and ryucrs, aHe tliynges aquatyquo / the busshes and the large playnes / & aHe that the erthe conteyneth, are in grete ceasse, and in reste vnder the grete maunteH 4 of y® nyghte, that gyueth triews to aHe labours / and by slepyng maketh swete aHe peynes and traueylles that men hath suffred afore / AHe this neuertheiesse / she, fenyce, elysshe, or dydo, that thenne abydeth deso- 8 late and alone wythoute companye, can not by no wyse But Dido induce herself to gyue a reste vnto her eyen by a
caunot sleep. Jityg slepe, wherby she myghte as wage the presente
angviysshes that she bereth atte her herte / but 12 redoublen her sorowes, and^ her trystesses enforce more vpon her / the fore loue reneweth hym selfe, that torneth soone to madnes, whan it can not be recouered :
% How dydo made her lamentacyons re- 16 preuynge the periuremente of Laomedon.
Capitnlum xxv
[*sign.G j, back] * fT^His lady, by grete distresse tourmenteth & al to-
JL renteth her self, af tre, she thinketh in her courage 20 what she may do / " alas ! " sayth she, " poure & wery, where shalt thou mowe become / must I nowe thenne / sith that I am aHe ashamed / that I habandoune my selfe. Dido's doubts ; and retoume toAvarde theym that firste haue reqiiyred 24 shall she seek the me, and that I requyre humbly the companye of the Myrondes, myrouwdes, & of theym that so ofte I haue caste in-to
dyssdayne, & refused to haue me in maryage / Ceites I ought not to doo the same / and bettre it were to 28 ,, me for to folowe the nauye of the troyens, and to
Trojan fleet? submytte myself alle togydre to theire mercy / They haply shaHe haue recordaunce of the grete aydes and benefaytes that ben comen vnto theym by me / For 32 often commeth in mynde, to theym of good recordau»ce, 1 orig. amd
CH. XXV.] DIDO RECOLLECTS THE TROJANS DESCEND FROM LAOMEDON. 91
the benefayttes that somtyme were cloon vnto theym. cap. xxv. And supposed that ene-as wold not haue me, nor take Some Trojans
recollecting her
me in to his shippc, ther shaH be some of the cost, benefits, would
surely take her
4 after that he shaH haue refused me, that shal be on board, content to take me / but sorowfuH, caytyue & lost, who bringeth thee in-to this folye / to thinke thai this might be / art fhon madde, or out of thi mynde 1 / hast 8 thou lost thi knowlege 1 knowest thou not that the troie?me folke is aHe yssued & desce??ded of the for- But the Trojans sworne laomedon / this laomedon was the first fader that from Laomedon. dyde enhabyte the grete troie, and brought there a grete
12 nombre of peple that made right faire edifices, & also multyplied Avithin a liteH tyme in grete quantite, & weH grete in nombre, for y® good polyeie that they kept, & also for y* fertylyte of y® grou?ide of that couretreye /
16 And by cause that laomedon was aH: ynoughe occupyed
for to make y® palayces & other edyfices intriusique HerrecoUections of y^ cyte, & that hym thought ouer moche diffycile & of Laomedon, to lo??ge a thinge / to make the waHes closed rou/ide
20 aboutc y* towne, he made a co?7iposicion with phebus
& neptun?<5, that ben *goddis grete and myghty / by the [« sign. G sj] whiche he jiromysed theym, and conuenau??ted by his othe, to gyue theym a tonne fuH: of golde, yf they were
24 playsed to make the walles rou??de aboute the cyte
of troye / The whiche goddes, hauynge confydence in who cheated the
trnstynge his sayd pro my sse, dyde close hit wyth ryglit matter of build- ing the walls of layre hie and grete walles. And thus doon, tney Troy.
28 somoned hym for to paye them, that / whiche he had promysed theym / wherof he wolde neuer doo ne paye oiiy thynge / And for this cause they submytted hym to suffre, here, & susteyne perpetueHy for euer more, nis curse.
32 the detestable hate and reproche of a man forsworne.
92 IS DIDO TO FOLLOW OR DESTROY THE TROJANS 1 [CH. XXVL
CAP. SXVL
^ Of the vysion that Eneas hadde for to departe towarde ytalye. Capitulum xxvi.
THis lady whan she dyde remeiiibre the forsweryng of laomedon, of whom the troians are descended, 4 made grete doubte to folowe theym / and stryuyng Avythin her tryst thoughte to herself / sayd in this manere / "Alas, myserable sorowfuH ! what may I doo Dido doubts now / oughte I to leue aH the fenyces, & theym that 8 follow the I haue wythdrawen from thyr, for to goo wyth the
stroy them. trolans ; or that, by puyssau?ice & hi my ha?Kle strongly
armed / I shold goo to destroye their nauye, & brynge theym to perdycyonl wythout fawte, I wote not what 12 Finds it hard to to saye ; and me semeth to harde a thyng for to
bring her sub- jects into trouble habandou?ie my good subgettes, Avhiche by weH subtyl
with the Trojans. "^ *^_ o J J J
meanes & grete difficulte I haue brought out of thyr, & out of the lande of fenyce, to expose & bryng 16 theym now sone in dau??gers of the see, & to the harde peryH of batayH / namly ayenste theym of Troye / whom they haue no quareHe / Verely, Avhan I me
Thinks she had aduyse^ / it is better that I deye, as I haue weHe 20 deserued. And that my sorowe poure & myserable / be sone fynysshed by swerde. 0, Avhat hast tlwa doon, my swete suster germayne, of my teeres & emense
["sign. Gij, bk] wepynges / ^/iou hast ben the first cause of the * grete 24 furoure where I am now in / thow hast charged vpon my
Blames her slioldres aH the grete euylles that I here & supporte ;
sister. .
thou haste absorbed me, & reclosed, in the grete see of amarytude / thow. haste founde me weH: pesible, but thou 28 hast betaken me for to werre ayenst myn owne peas ; thoVi hast broughte me from solysitude, & remysed into resolysitude; thou hast taken rest fro me, & hast brought me in-to ryght grete turbace'on / thou hast abolysshed 32 my frauwchise, for to entre in-to grete seruytude ; thou ' orig. aduy / seit
CH. XXVI.] Dino's LA.MENT. AENEAS's VISIOX. 93
hast dyuerted my honour in-to dishonest infamye / t1io\x cap. xxvi. hast conuerted my cyte in feere & drede perdurable ; Dido's pitiful
lament over her
thou hast ali peyuerted my wyttes, & reduced iu-to fail, 4 madnesse & forsenerie / thou haste deliuerde me my traytour & peruerse enmye, vnder hope of loue & henyuolence. what eyleth me, tryst, poure / weri, & f uH of teerys. 0 fortune euyH fortuned / why haste tlwa not 8 permytted me & suffred, tliat wythout forfayte or ony cryme / I myglit haue vsed the residue of my dohau?<t lyf chastly, alone, wythoute companye of man, as the bestes in the forestes doo lye, as it apiereth fuH often,
12 aU alone by theym selfe. Yf thus I had mayntened myselfe / I sholde iieuer haue coine ne faHe in y* sorowes & displaysures / co?»playntes & clamours, where I am now in, aH doled, & of grete furour forsened /
16 more than euer was woman of moder borne / vnto tbis
tyme presente : but I beleue veritable that it is for to which is a judg- ment on her for take vengeau?ice of the fevth & of the grete othe tbat deserting the
'-' •/ o niemorj- of
I had first promysed to ray husbonde sicheus / whiche Sycheus.
20 I haue violated falsly, & broken wylfuHy / wherof I am faHe in grete tormente, replenysshed with langour mortaH / Alas ! what harde destynacye happed to me that daye / that I was so ferre doled from my wytte,
24 & so madde, to habandou/2e my selfe to a man alone / For whom I haue loste aH in a so»ime / at one daye & at one owre / in somoche that I abyde aH alone wythout companye, habandou?«ed fro all comfort" /thus
28 made this fenyce her rewthes & her sighynges * in suche t' »'&«• g iij] a sorowe & so dolant termes that she fowndred aH in teeris / duringe the whiche, aftre that aHe y* nauye of eneas was takled, & weH nyghe redy for to departe, ther Mercuiy appears
oi • ^ 1 .7 111 1 1 • ^ • to Aeneas in
o2 appiered to eneas, that nyglit that he entred his snippe his sleep the
1 . r. night he goes
& was leyde a slepe, a certayne god, m that propre fygure on board his
ship.
tliat mercure appiered to hym first, for to admonneste
him of his departynge, in suche manere of semblau?«ce
3G of voyce / of coloure / of liecris of golde, as weH pro-
94
MERCURY URGES AENEAS TO DEPART SWIFTLY. [CH. XXVI.
Mercury rouses Aeneas.
Warns him against Dido's vengeance.
CAP. XXVI. porcyned of me??(bros & fixyre faciou / of yongthe & of fayre beaulte, that sayde to him iu this manere / " 0 eneas, y*^ sone of a goddesse / how art thou so moclie for- seued to take rest of slepe in tliis grete dau/?ger wher 4 thou art now j'^nnel knowest tltuw. not y" fortunes & perillous adue/ztures thai enuyronne y® on aU sydes? seest not thou y" tyme couenable for to sayHe, and the swete wyndes propice / why co?isumest thy self slepynge, 8 without exploityng y'' in thy vyage, thou knowest not / what the fayre dydo prepareth for the / whiche is tourned in turbacyon, thynkyng in herself what frawde or decepcyon, or som grete myschef, for to doo to the 12 a greuauHce / why feerest thow not lest she doo y^ to de- struction, sith thai she wyl brynge herself to the_dethe? thynke the?me what euyHes, what harde aduerttures, what displaisirs & what grete decepcio/is & iniuries, 16 she ymagyneth ayenst the / but more ther is : yf thou departe not with aH diligence, thou shalt soone see the see aHe couered with^ vesselles of werre, with grete strengthe, co??i.mynge ayenst the, with torches lyght, 20 And cressettes esprysed of fyre brenny[/i]g, for to brule and brenne thy, nauye / And wythout respyte ne remedye thon shalbe dystroyed, yf thou be fou?Kle whan the [sjprynge of the day shalbe comen / Aryse vp quykly 24 without taryenge, and abyde here noo longer / For a woman is founde euermore subtyHe iu aHe her dedes / As sayth the fable / A grete daunger is thenne to the,
[*ieafGiijback] for wliom she Is thus / * eudulled, and fallen in 28 dysperacyon, to abyde in hyr iurisdyccyon nor to reside in her contree / And to thende that thou be
. not niyscheued, yf thou loue me, thou shalt departe
forwyth." alle the whiche thynges thus sayd, the god 32 of whom I haue spoken here, presentely remysed hym
and vanishes. selfe in to a derke cloude, & vanysshed awaye sodaynly.
^ urig. with
Urges him to depart swiftly,
CH. XXVII.] AENEAS AND HIS FLEET SAIL FKOM CARTHAGE. 95
CAP. XXVIL
^ How Eneas encyted the patrons & maysters of his shippes for to depart. Capituhim xxvij°
4 A ISTd tlienne eneas, aH aifrayed of his grete vysion, Aeneas awakes
/\ iu alarm,
Jr\^ awaked sodayuly from his slepe / and the??ne he called to hym aH the patrons & aH the niaystres of rouses his men, the shipes, & ineytyng the maryners for to departe in 8 aH dyligence, he made some to hale vp the saylles, & thother for to drawe thancres / & made theym to take their oores in ha?ide, recou/itynge & shewyng vnto them aH theffecte of his vysion / & how & by what 12 rayson the grete god of heuen co7nmaunded hym, by his messager, that he must departe ryght soone / And for to hast them yet more / he admonested them of orders them to newe for to sprede & dysploye the sayles & cordes that immediate
I'll D departure,
16 were wythin the shyppes, & to make soone redy aH thappareylle, & aHe that neded the?me for to departe inco??tynent / alwayes recommendyng hymselfe & aH his / to this grete god of maieste that had thus incyted
20 & somoned hym / and to hym sayd in this manere : " We folowe the, right holy god debonayr / whosomeuer iJiou be, in grete deuocion, redy for to obey thy com- mauwdementes, ioyful & glade wythout extymacion;
24 and to the we praye deuoutely, that thou be of vs con- duyttor, & benygnly heli)yng to the prosperous dys- posic^on of y® cours celestiaH & regyon steHyferaunt / yf her moeuyng were irryted ayenste vs by pestyfere prays to Jove,
28 influences, & bryng vs saufFe & peassyble to the portes of ytalye ! " And anone drewe out his swerde clere & bright, & cutte asondre the * cables that with-helde the [* sign, g iiijj shippe within the hauen, & also made the mariners cuts the anchor
<J^ , T , -■ f 11 ii 1 1., ropes with liis
to rowe myghtyii for to be hastely thens ; the whiche sword, and imts With aHe dyligence forced hem to putte or sette their orys to the see, that soone was couered with the nauye
96
AENEAS IS DRIVEX BY STORMS TO SICILY. [cH. XXYII.
CAP. XXVII.
The sea, angry at being oppressed by Aeneas's fleet,
becomes im- patient and stormy.
Aeneas is driven to Sicily,
where reigns Acestes, of Trojan lineage.
[« sign. G iiij back]
that saylied, partyng the waters asonder, whiche semed brayengc right Impetuously by the tourment & flagita- cyon wherof the see was hette in righte grete violence, by the opressions of the shippes, that opvessid her in 4 their saiHyng, so thai thei carfe waie in the water / & yet the oorys that entred within her entrailies, smotte asonder her au?icient wawes, Avhiche she myght not suffre nor pacyently here / but reputed it to be doon 8 in opprobre and confusion, inhomynyouse & fuH of despyte / wherof it happed soone after, that the see wexed right sore inpacyent & iudigned ; wherfor they suffred moche whan the see was weH chaffed, and by 12 their fayte ayenste them sore moeued, as it is more playnly spoken in the .v / boke of eneydos, where as the harde & sorowfuH admyracioHS that the»ne made palm- yerus, ihai was maistre of eneas shippe, ben declared, 16 whan he myght not mthstande ne contreste the tour- ment, fortune & tribulacion of the see, but that she was maister ouer him & gouerneresse, and was constrayned to Babau?idou«e aHe his nauye to the fortune, that 20 cast hem in to the ysle of cicyle, wherof was kynge atte that tyme, accestes, comen of the IjTiage troia»ne ; and ther was be-grauen anchyses, the fader of eneas, that deyde in makynge the vyage from troye in-to lybye / 24 And aHe thus they left the hauene of cartage, takynge their way towarde ytalye / But or euer they coude make aHe these dilygences for to departe. And that they were as yet nygh the hauen in syght of the cyte / 28 And that the fayre lady Aurora, that holdeth the spryng of the daye enclosed wy thyn her chambre wyth her swete spouse Tytan, Was rysen out of her couche / * weH arayed, and had opened to hym the gate for to 32 go sprede abrode his newe lyght to iHustre ,fe iHumyne the landes, & delyuer theym from the derknes of the nyghte / The queue dydo, that was not a slepe, seeng the first openyng of the daye, sore besi to chasse the 36
CH. XXVIl.] niDo's GRIEF AXU KACK AT AENKAs's DEPARTURE. 1)7
tenebres calorapniouso away / arose vp lyglitl}' for to cap. xxvir.
see out of her chambre wyndowes, & loked towarde the
haueii, whiche she perceyued aH voyde & smothe, T>u\n, arising
CflJ'lV SCfS
4 wythoute ony shippe there / And after castyng her Aeneas's fleet in
the distance.
sight ferder toAvarde the see / she sawe the saylles, wyth the flote of the shippes that made good waye. thenno byganncshe, for grete distresse, to bete & smyte threor nor frantic giirf, 8 four tynies wyth her fyste stroj^gly ayenst her brest / & to pulle her fayr heres from her hed, as luad & beside lierself / And spekyng to hirself / sayd in this mauere y" wor los that folowe / " 0 iupiter, souerayn god, and
12 pryiicipaH of aH other, shaH thus departo saufly the she invokes false Sz cuyl man eneas, that tratoursly liatli mocked "^" "'' me, Sz fraudulently seducted / Is it not to me weH: licyte to send after hym, & by force of armes to
16 dystroye hym, and bryng alle to deth / And that alle they of my towne & cyte, goo to confou/^de and destroye hym alle attones / and breke and brynge his nauye aH to noughte / Goo, goo hastcly, and destroyo
20 alle incontynent / sette aH on a fire ! kylle & slee, and brynge theym aHe to perdycion / haue awaye thise oores & saylles ! bie?me, & brynge aH in-to asshes / take hede that nothing escape ! haue no mercy ne pyte of ony and prays for
ct A iji ■i/i> 1 01 •! • vengeance on the
2i man that lyueth / fou??dre & drourie altogidcr in-to the Tnjans. botome of the see, & perysshe aH in a so??ime, to thende, that of theym be no inemorye nor nomore spoken emong y* lyuyng peple vpo?i erthe / Alas, poure dydo,
28 what sayst thou. ? in an cuyl houre than were borne / Avhat thynkest fhon doo / I trowe that thou art ferre out of thi good wytte, or eHis taken Avyth right ewiH per- uerse fantasyes, or that the goddes that ben wythout*te [« leaf G 5]
32 pyte & myserycordo, AvyH peruerte & retourne thi grete clemence in-to furiouse cruelte / Alas, it is not pos- syble at this houre that than sholdest now ouertake them / but this thou sholdest haue doon that tyme that
3G thou rcceyued theym, whan they cam first, &■ arryued
i:\EYDOS. II
9S
dido's anger at AENEAS FOR DESERTING HER. [cH. XXVI I.
CAP. XXVII.
Men may say IHcio is cause of Aciieas's going, ns slie had not endeavoured to detain him.
P orig, & and]
Mij-'lit ^he not have di stroyed him and his son whUe they were with her, and served up Asca- nius as food to his father ?
Might she not have burned his shijis and slain all of tlieiii, and then burned herself?
[•leaf G 5, back]
She invokes the Htm,
and Juno,
iu-to tliy loudc afore that ony alyau/ices liadde ben, by the, made wyth theym / Men sholde mow saye of the now / that thou were cause of his goynge / and that he bereth away wyth hym the pryue goddes that ben of thy 4 royame, for to assyste to the obsequyes & consecracyon of anchyseSjhis olde fader / and tliat he is departed wyth thyne assurau?ice / by cause that in no wyse thou hast not letted nor gaynsayd his goyng openly / whan he 8 dyde make his appareyl, for to make redy aH his nauye / whiche thyng thou knew, and^ was doon in thy presence / IMyghteste not thou, whan he was wythin thy royame & wyth the, haue dystroyed his persone, 12 and his body to haue ben hewen in pyeces / and also his felawes to haue ben caste in-to the depe see / And in lyke wyse, his sone Ascanyus myghtest thou haue made to be alle tohewen and chopped smaile, And to 16 be soden and dressed, as it had be good mete, for to haue made hym to be eten of hys fader / And to haue sette hym in stede of other seruyse atte hys table / And yf he wolde haue be wrothe ther-wyth, and 20 moeued werre ayenste me, Howe weHe that the for- tune of ba[ta]yH:e is doubtouse. Yet netheles I myghte haue doo brenned his shippes / and conueite hem aH to asshes, to thende they myght not haue gone for to 24 purchase ony socours / And durynge the same, I myglite haue doon brynge to the dethe, the fader asweH as the sone, wyth aH their parentes and frendes of aH their lynage, and myghte haue slayne, brent hem, or other\vyse 28 haue doon wyth theym after my playsur & wyH ; and the?me wythin y* fire I myghte * haue cast my self, for to be ded after that I had be aue»ged of his falsenes & oultrage / O fayre sonne, that shyneste f uH bright, that 32 iHumynest with thy beemes aH y* werkes & operacions of y^ erthe / 0 luno, the noble goddesse, vnder whome aHe werkes & operacyions humayne, with their solici- tudes, are gouerned and submysed after theire disposicinn , 36
CH. XXVII.] dido's terrible imprecations on AENEAS, 99
euerych in certeyne or-Jy[ii]aunce to theym sette & cap. xxvii. stablyshed by thy deuyne prouyde?2ce ; higlie,puissaunte, Diana, grete patronesso, lady & niastresse of aHe aites & scyences
4 magyques, ryght often caHed with voyces vlutatyue, by the grete quarfours, and by wayes Avithin townes & cytees and ellis wher / In tyme of nj^ght obscure / 0 crii[e]He vltryces, wycked vengeresses / Furyes infernaHe
8 & lusticers of heHe ; 0 atie goddes & goddesses, haue ami the furies,
and jirays them
pvte on me, sorowf uli Elysse, concluded ^ delibered to to have i.ity on
lier.
the deth, to y* whiche I goo delyuere me vnto / Entende to my wordes, and enduce the crueHe goddes to punyshe
12 the euyH men as they hane deserued / & playse you to receyue my prayers & oracions inuectyue that I doo make presently to you, yf it be so that the sacred destynacyes of y" souerayne god lupyter haue ordeyned that that
16 traitour eneas, & vntrewe man, shaHe come sanely^ in-to Di<io's feaifui
ijninecatinns on
som hauen for to descende alonde hole & sou?ide, or that Aeneas and the
Trojans.
the ende of his lif be not yet come to his terme that pre- fixed was to him atte y" first tyme of his birthe, at lest if Aeneas's time
have not yet
20 I prai you & requyre,//;rirt he may be vaynquisshed & come, at any recouwtred of hardy peplc cruell /stro?ig & rebell, & alle engaged in cruel
J i- i- I o ' -war, defeated,
co?ztrary to him, vexed, broken, & traueilled of grete exiled, batailles & assawtes / rebuked, reduced, & chassed from
24 his lande & lordshipes / alwayes putte ther-from with- out to recouere eny place of his lande, whiche alwayes be so stronge & myghty ayens^ hyra, that he be expelled euermore ther-from, namely of Ascanyus liis sone, and
28 pryuated,^ ouercome, and exyled out of alle / his kynnes-
men & * frendes. to hym also be gyuen by necessite to [*ieafG 6] requyre ayde & socours wyth gret requestes & prayers / and yf it happen that some other doo hym ony plaisur or
32 som good, he haue therfore a myscheffe, sorow, peyn, &
perpetuel myscrye / In grete assawtes & in bataylles, be and his friends he slayne, & put to a cruel deth, ferful & horryble / cruel death. AHe his folke, wythout mysericorde afore his eyen
3G present, be put to anguysshe, & not mow socouro
* orig, saueyl. Mr. Hutli's copy lia.s 'sanely.' ^ orig. prynateJ
II 2
100 DIDO PRAYS FOK EVIL FOR AENEAS AND THE TROJANS, [cil. XXVII.
CAP. XXVII. theyni, for to encreace liis tormente / & whan he shaH May Aeneas take oiiy tiiews oi' make peas or alj'au??ce / that it be
never liave peace .
or quiet, aH at JUS owue prayer in co??f uc/on & greuau?«ce to his
folysshe enterprise, & his dysuaauntage ^ / to his gret 4 vitupere, hurt & charge / in somoche thai he may faH therfor in a rage & grete corowe / And yf it be so, that god forbede ! that by his tryews or alyauwce / som londe abydeth wyth liym for to make there his residence, he 8 neuer be in a suerte to soiurue there pesible / but aH atones, & wythout taryeng, he be cast therfrom sharn-
but live the life fuHy / & lyue, like mendycau??t, a poure lyf and nede-
of a beggar,
fuH / ■\vhiche maye come to hyni sodaynly afore aH 12 other werkc, Sooner than to be sure of ony goode fortune ; And tliat after liys deth wythoute sepulture, as and be buried an hownde or other dounbe beste, be he caste in-to tlie
like a dog, and
his soul cast depe shadowes of hel, ther to suffre tormentes right 1 6
into hell. ^ ... .
horrible & cruel / this is in effecte that whiche I This is Dido's requyre. It is my request & prayer / that to you I do make wyth an hole herte, at the last poynt of my lif whiche I doo ofi're to you / redy for to deye at this 20 houre / receyue now ye my soule, wherof I make to you 2 a present / 0 ye tiryns, & aH they of fenyce that She bequeath.s to enhabite prese?«tly cartage, aH your pare?ites & f rendes
her Tyiiaus an __
undving hatred alyed / & aHc they of your affinyte that now ben 24
of the Trojan
raee. present / And that are to be borne herafter, yf ye euer
toke playsure to doo to me ony thynge aggreable, I requyre and admonest you, at thys tyme byfore aHo other, that ye haue and here enmyte ^ & mortaH hate 28
[»ieaf G 6, back] pardurable, aycnste *the false troia»s that goo for to con- quere & wynne Italic. And yf it happe by ony wyse that they may haue dominacion, & cowquere by theire puissau^ce som lawde or region / I exhorte & admoneste 32 you to make eternaH werre ayenst theym / this re- queste & ordenau?;ce that I make vnto you now, it is my bequest, it is my testament & my last wiH, my co«- ' for (lysauantage - urig. yon ^ orig. eumyte
en. XXVII.] DIDO PROPHESIES A FUTURE AVENGER. 101
dicyHe, & my wiHynge inreuocable & peimane7it. And cap. xxvir.
to thcrtde thai yf by som wyse ye wil not accojnplysshe
it, or that your children after youre dethe wold putte This is Di.io\s
dying and irre-
4 hit in oblyuion / I haue ordeyned & stablished that hit vbcaWe bequest
_ ' to her people.
slialbe writon in harde stone, wherof my sepulcre shalbe closed, & right nyghe my bones it shalbe sette vpon my visayge, to theHde thai it shal here testymonage ayenst 8 yon, yf in eny wyse ye putte hit out of memorie / thai god forbede it shulde so oome to / but deffyaunce, with- out to haue peas, and without benyuole?ice, werres / discordes & bataiHes, I Avyl that ye haue euermore with
12 theym / for of my bones & of myn asshes, after thai they be rotyn in erthe, shaH yssue atte leste, how longe some 3uer hit tarye, a vindicatour, and a man of ryght grete courage & hardinesse / that shaH auenge this grete
16 treison of y" false eneas & of all his folke, whiche shaH
bre/me hem aH in a fyre & in fla??nne, & shaH slee & siic prophesies distroie them in diuerse manere, som by wepen, y^ other by ho??gre / som shaH be drowne in y* see, some he
20 shaH make to be byhedde, & theire me/nbres to be
broken & aH to-hewen, y*^ other to be hanged / & the
other within his prisons shalbe flain from hed to fote ;
y* other he shal doo cast out of y* wi?idowes doun to y" and teniWe suf- ferings at his 24 pauement j & to other he shal make theire eien to be hands in future
years to tlie
puHed out ; & many other euyHes he shall make the??i to descendants of endure, theire townes, theire castelles, cites, lordshipes & possessions, he shall take / theire captayns of werre,
28 knightes & barons, he shall doo destroye, & banysshe out of theire landes, & shall tonrne them in to grete mendycyte. Theyre * wyues, that thcnne shaH be come [*ieaf o -] to the astate of wydowhed, their doughters, & also their
32 children / their grete trcysours, & aH that they be worthe, shaH be rauysshed, habandouned / taken, <fe departed in-toan hondreth thousand shippcs / chassed, caryed & transported & exyled from theyr coiiti\;y /
30 and putte oute of their nacyon / the one slayuf, the
102 DIDO ENDS ITER TRAYEU AND PRErARKS FOR DEATH. [CH, XXVII.
CAP. XXVII.
Tliis avenger, who is to redeem Dido's fair feme, is Hannibal.
Dido requests liiT people always to war with the Trojans.
She finishes her liarangue, and tliiuks of prepar- ing to end her life.
I* leaf G 7, back]
She sends Barce to keep her sister out of the way,
other in pr[i]son, in right grete seniagc & caj^tyuyte / they slialbe solde as wylJe bestes / iniuried, defoyled, & boten / The;yT fayr doughters & their vyrgynes shaH be habandou?^ed to men by force, & deflowred / and to a 4 ryght grete shame deliucred, & vyolated ayenst their wyHe. A hondred thousande euylles shaH be ap- pareylled for theym, more than men can recourate ne teHe / Thenne shaH my shame be socoured, & the 8 maculates taken from me, by HanybaH, that shaHt be borne of niyn asshes / whiche shal bo a man of grete power & of grete renomee / preu, hardy, & cheualrouse aboiieaHmen tJiat shaH be in his tyme, so that memore 12 shalbe therof as longe as heuyn & erthe shaH last, but in y'' meane while I make a request to you aH / & after to jour children , whan they shaH be borne, & to aH their lygnage that of theym shaH come, vnto thende of the 16 worlde / that they make werre by amies & by bataylles / by see & by londe / by assawtes & shippes, ayenst y^ traytours troians, aslonge as they shaH Ij'ue / & that y" see whiche is in oure lond, & the ryuages & portes & 20 the wawes, be to them repulsyng, contrare & rebel, euer more." thise thynges sayd by dydo, enraged from hir good wytte / troubled in courage more than euer she was, esprised fro aH partes, sekyng meanes moost subtil 24 to the?ide of her myserable lyf, whiche she can support no lenger, soo weri she was of it / wyHyng to fynde som roeane to voyde oute of hir castel aH them thai were there / as slxe had of custume whan she wold do 28 sacrifyces, & that she myght abyde alone *for to delyuer herself soon to deth / and that she were not e???peshed there-from / she dyd caH pre^-ently a goods olde woman that made herself to be called barthe / y* whiche long 32 tyme afore, whan she dwelled in thyr, was noryce, as it was sayd, of hir late husbonde Sicheus / and kept her- self yet alwayes styH wyth the sayd Elysse / as are wonte to doo thise au??cyent good ladycs wyth theire 36
CH. XXVII.] dido's stratagem to be left alone. 103
firste mastresses ; — but she called not her owue noryce cap. xxvl fhai had kepte her in her childhode, by cause that she was decessed in the regyon of fenyce ; — And sayd in this
4 maner to the for-sayd barthe, for to be rydded of her : " My good moder barthe, goo lyghtly towarde my suster
anne, & teHe her that she make hast for to rise, & aiaye on pretence of
preiwriiig a
herself as it was of custome wha?i men wolde doo saprifleetoPiuio,
at wluch Barcu
5 sacrifyce / and that she brynge wyth her promptely must assist. the shepe & other bestes, wyth the other pynacles dedycated to the sacryfice, that long agoo I dyde shewe
to her / And also it behoueth of thy parte, for to
12 admynystre the werkes, that thou take the vestymentes,
& the myter vpon thy hede, for to fuLmake thoblacyon
to pluto, the grete god of heH, admyraH of the styge /
whiche is a grete pourtde of fyre brenninge, that renneth
16 thrugh all heHe / composed & made of brymston & of
pitche : this immolaczon I haue purposed to doo vnto liym
wyth my besy thought, for to put an ende to my grete
tribulacions & care ezznuyouse / for the whiche cause
20 I wylie kindle a grete fire, for to bre/me the raymentes Dido will bum
Aeneas's raiment
of eneas, his ymage, that ^ are lefte wyth me / wherwy th to move the in- fernal regions to I shaH: do sacrifyce to y* grete flood inf ernaH, to thende hatred toward.^
him.
he be moeued wyth hate ayenst hym / whan by deth 24 his trist soule shalbe delyuered to him after thise thynges." this said, barthe went hir waye hastely, as her olde age myght suflFreit; & lefte there hermastres dido, thai quyuered & shoke of grete rage, & entred into a 28 grete fransie, desiryng taccomplysshe that purpos of hir Dido's agitation
when left by
deth / wherof y^dredfuH reme?rtbrau??.ce, redy to be exe- Barce. cuted, troubled hir in suche wy*se, tliat it made ail hir ["leafG 8] wyttes to tome in to a wyked kynde, and in a mynde for
32 to destroys the first composicion, coagulate in couenable proporcion for the entreteyny[«]ge of the spiryte vitaH ; wherof her fayre eyen, grene ^ and lawghyngc, worn in- contynent toumed in-to a right hidouse lokynge mobyle,
36 & sangwynouse to see / the swete baHe of the eye, ^ fur his thynges that ^ orig. greue. See p. 112, 1. 25.
104 DIDO GOES ALONE TO THE UOOM WHERE IS THE ALTAR, [cil. XXVII.
riflo's ajijicar- iiiice is oliaiiged by her distress.
CAP. xxvn. whiche is the veraye receptacle interyor of lyght visible / and luge of the colours by reflection obgectyf, whiche she bryngeth vnto the Imjiression cogytyue of the entendement / wheruf she uiaketh a present to the 4 suppost indicatyf, discern3'nge without interuaHe the diS'erences abstractyue adherynge to theyr subgecte, was soue made obscure, & her lyght empesched from the veraye lugyng in parfyt knowlege / her tendre 8 chykes and vysage, that afore was playsaunt & debon- nayre, of sangwyne coloure tournyng vpon white / becani aHe pale sodaynly in hydouse nianere, & all mortyfied for the crueHe deth, wherof the harde ang- 12 wysshes had enuahyshed her alredy, & with grete furye betaken & cast, went & mou?;ted the degres aR ^ highe vpon her palayce, tyl that she cametheras y'' wode Avas assembled for to kendle thcr a fyre. In whiche place, 16 y* habileme?its, the bed, & that other thinges, with y^ Image of eneas, & also his swerde, were brought for to be bre?ite, & cast out of memorye ; the whiche dydo, aHe thus vexed & troubled in her wittes, drewe y^ swerde 20 out of y^ shetlie for to murder & slee herself, but or euer she wolde doo this, she dide loke vpon y*^ hal>ili- mentes / the bed,(fe other remenau«t, that by other tymes afore had plaised her soo moche / & the»ne she began 24 somwhat for to lacryme & syghe vpon the bed, where she put herself, in profcrryng her last wordes in this manere : " 0 right swete dispoillynges plaisau?it, weH loued & honoured of me so???tyme, aslo??ge as god & 28 fortune wolde, I beseche you take my sowle, and delynere her out of thys care, And from these sorowfuHe I* leaf G s, back] peynes / * in whiche I am absorbed in the grete viage
of heuynes / I haue lyued vnto this tyme presente, and 32 haue fynysshed the cours of my lyflfe that fortune had gyuen to me. It is now tyme presently that the ymage of my semblaunce be sent vnder the erthe / I haue had of peynes and traucyHes by my brother pygmalyon, 36 ' ori'j. vile.
Slie ascends iilone to wliere tlie altar was made, and Aeneas's dress, image, and sword laid out.
She looks on these memorials and laments.
en. XXVII.] DIDO PREPARES FOR DEATH. 105
that made to deye crueHy my first husband sycheus, cap. xxvii.
wherof I haue ben ynoughe ^ auenged by me, and lioldo
me content therof ; I haue edified my cite, fayre, noble, Aiiwentweii
,., TT 1 IT 11x1 tiU the coming of
4 puissaunt and riche ; I naue seen the ■waties, and batel- the Tr.jans. mcntes, & the deffenses, accomplysshed. 0 felycyte merueiHouse, wherof I shulde be weH happy, and aboue aHe other honoured, weH: loued and holden fuHe dere, yf 8 the nauye of the troyens had not come "wythin my stremes of the see ! 0 hard co??imynge, and cursed re- cepcion intrynseque / false, dau7igerouse, and fuH of grete dispite, that hathe brought me in-to confusion / 12 0 tryste machynacyon of trayson, approued fuH of Di.ioianipntsiier
•!• II 1111 1 aiiiaoacliiiig
frawdulouse induction / that hath delyuered me to siutinefui tiwith, a shamefuH dethe, whiche shall come to me sodaynly, and presently without taryenge." And ascryed wyth a
16 hyghe voyce, saynge in thys wyse : "Must I thenne deye thus falsly, wythout to be auenged of that traytour theffe, and crueH, by whome I am vitupered so sore and defyled / Nowe thenne sith it is so, I wiH soone deye
20 hastly, and sende my goost sodaynly vnto the lowe
shadowes / I shulde deye more gladly yf Eneas were and grievps that
Aeneas is not jire-
here present, for to see the dethe and grete tourraente sent to see tiie
torments she
that for hym I muste endure, to thende that he were supers for him.
24 therof contryste, in remembraunce pardurable, aslong as that Ms lyfife shaH: laste ; and syth that otherwise it can not be, I goo to my dethe, whiche to hym shalbe in- puted and represented by the inspecyon of the grete
28 fyre that soone shalbe kendled in this place / "
% How dydo, fuH of grete rage, and dys-
powrueyedof witte, * slewe herself with rsigii.Hj] the swerde of eneas / And how be it that 32 aboue is made me;^sion of this ocsiczon, it was nothing but for to shewe the
^ orig. ynonghe
106
CAP. XXVIII.
Dido falls on Aeneas's .sword.
She is fbund covered with blood.
Great lainenta- tiiin and ujiroar in the city.
T
DIDO FALLS ON AENEAS's SWORD. [cil. XXVIII,
diuersite of fortune. And here the exe- cucyon of the dede is shewed
^ Capitulum xxviij
|He whiche thynges thus made & sayde, without 4 eny more langage / dydo, fuH of rage, seased thenne the swerde of eneas, whiche she helde the poynte vpward, & vpon hit dede cast her self, so that the swerde entred within her brest, vnto the bake of 8 her / This lady thenne feHe douue to the grownde, sore hurt with a "woujide mortaH, wherof she lost her speche, labourynge sore harde atte the entree of her dethe so crueH / as many one doo whan they be atte the poynt 1 2 of deth, that tormente hemself strongli for the harde distresse that they haue atte the partynge of the spyryte of lyffe fro the bodye, that wyl not leue the raembres pryncipaH, of whom he is susteyned / but yf 16 it be by grete violence, atte leste whan the cause is meanely sodayne, & not aR mortyfied attones. aH thus was this sorowfuH lady founde on the grounde,^ that coude not ryse, her handes, & her persone aHe couered 20 & defyled with blood Avithout niesure, & the swerde that dropped yet of bloode, and aHe blody, laye by her. wherof a grete sorowe, a grete crye, and grete clamour was thenne attones sodaynly made thrughe aHe the 24 palayce, that perced the waHes & tours vnto the myddes of the toune / ther shulde ye haue seen make grete lamentacyons, grete cryes / grete playntes and grete moone ; wymen wepe, sighe, & niakyng sorowe ; 28 & aH y® peple was aH forsened with wrathe / Wher- of the cytee was sore moeued in grete desolacyon, by suche wise & forme as though y* enmyes capitalle of the towne had entred by force of armes wythin 32 the same, for to brynge theyra aHe to destruction, or as that the grete and auncyent towne of thyr, ' orig. groimde
CH. XXVIII.] axxa's lament for her sister dido. 107
that hath * nourysshed theym, and the same cyte of cap. xxviii. cartage, had be bothe embrased wyth fire alle kyndled back? ^''' in a flamme / By the whiche grcte noyse and Tiie noise readies
Auna's ears.
4 disaraye, anne, the suster of dydo, that was goon sone for to make redy the thynges that neded for to make the sacrifyce / \Tiderstandyng thenne wefi / that the sorow Sz grete moone that was made thrughe aHe the towne,
8 was for her suster dydo, that had slayne herselfe / wherof she aH atones forsened, as a persone tliat ys madde & out of her mynde / toke herselfe for to renne as faste as she myghte, passyng thrughe the multytude 12 of the people that was there, smytynge her brestcs wyth her handes & fustes, and aHe to-cratched her face Avyth her nayles / And cryed aHe highe & pyetously, made grete rewthes and lamentacyons / caHyng vpon Anna's lament
over Dido
1 6 dydo, sayeng in this wise / ' ' My righte swete suster, alas, what haste thou doo / and by what maner & rayson hast fJion broughte thi selfe thus to eternaH perdycyon / and has deceyued me wyckedly & falsely wyth a bytter
20 deth / whiche I wolde gladly haue suffred & endured wyth the / Alas, what nede was it to me to make redy the sacrifyces / sith that a fyre for aH other obsequyes & a swerde weH sharpe slyped, myghte haue broughte
24 the two .susters to deth bolhc atones, wythout to haue be departed one from the othre, Alas, what shaHe I saye, ne what begynnynge maye I now take for to make my mone / Why haste you thus dyspraysed me why did Dido
decGiVB }i6r ?
28 that am thy suster and true felawe 1 aHe my lyf I fiaue honoured, worshiped, serued & praysed the / and eke moche loued the. For to folowe the, I haue alle habandouned / I haue knowen thy werke. I haue
32 knowen thy wyll / and also thy secretes thou wolde neuer hide from me / Alas now, what furye fiath taken tlie atte this nede / whiche is the sorowe mortalle / for to haue caste me thus abacke from thy presence / by
36 cause that I sholde *haue had not knowen this faiote. [•sign, nyj
108 DIDO REVIVES A LITTLE. [CH. XXVIII.
CAP. XXVIII. "AIos ! yf I niyght haiie knowen the same thynge, veraye Anna would have troutlie I wolde haue cleyed with the / O what sorowe sister Dido, I doo suppoite, whan I haue lost aHe my force / and
noon ther is that me recomforteth ; but of aHe sydes is 4 l)roiight to me peyne & traueyHe Avithout mesure / the grete wrathe and the grete care that wrongly, and magre myself, I doo endure, whan I me recorde of the Iniure that my suster hath falsly doon, not 8 onely to me / but hathe defyled vylaynsly the good name and the enhauwsynge of the cytee that she hathe coummysed, and submysed to a grete vilete & who by her shame ; for aHe tymes shalbe recy ted the enormy te 1 2
(luiith has
brought di.sgrace ^f this fowHe befaHe, whiche euer shalbe imputed
on her city.
to a grete infamye, wherof they of cartage shaHe haue a blame, that shaHe tome vnto them to a grete diffamye. And moche more, by cause of theire good 16 fame that was knowen / that had be weH entreteyned, and in grete worshp susteyned / yf my suster had mayntened and kept herself wythout dysperacyon / Wherof aHe hope / as weH to theym as to me, failleth, 20 by her thai hath extyncted oure goode renommee, & brought vs in a grete blame ; & nowe be we without pastoure, as the sheep that is habau??dou«ed ! Xow thenne, sith that it is thus come / lete vs loke to her 24 wounde, and in her face, yf she is tlirughly passed" / and rrrirr Anna's theuue slie toke her vp bytwene her amies, and with vives a little. ryght grete sorowe and heuyue.>se / wasshed the blode
awaye from about the sore, and made it clene fuHe 28 SAvetly wyth hir owne raymentes / And perccyued and knewe that yet some spyryte of lyffe was wythyn the persoune of Dydo, that forced her self for to open her eyen / And thre tymes made her effort to reyse 32 her self vpon her elbowe. But her strengthes sore fayHed, of the dethe that alredy hadde her aHe in her [»sign. H ij, rewle, myght not therto suffyse, but that she * musle ^"^^ falle ayen attones vpon her bedde, where she hadde 36
CU. XXVIII.] TUE DEATH-STHUGGLES OF DIDO's SPIKIT. lO'J
be layd / And knowyiige that she wasted alle awaye, cap. xxviii. she dyd forse her owne self for to open her eyen / to i,u\o ojiens her see the lyghte of the daye, that gryeued her sorowe 4 weH harde and sliarpely, and by suclie a wyse tliat slie entred incontj'nente, in grete pcyne, to the extreme thon fails into
the (leiith
angwysslie of the dethe, where she was ryght longe / struggle. "Wherof luno, the noble goddesse conseruatyue of 8 yongthe, that hadde pyte of the longe sorowe mortalle in Avhiche was constytuted the fayr Elysse or dydo / sente towarde hir, for to brynge atte an ende hir Immense trystesse, hir noble messager named Yris / 12 whiche, as some saen, is the rayen bo we, with hir fayr
cote of dyuerse fygures, For to vnl)yiide the rotes of Juno sends Tris
to unbind her
the spyrite vytalle from the membres of hir body, struggling si.iiit. whiche were thenne in grete opposicyon and debate
16 one ayenste another / By cause that the humydyte radycalle, and other complexcyons in proporcyon con- uenable, coenclyued ^ togyder, Dyde receyue the gooste soo that it coude not goo there-from by hit selfe,
20 wythoute ayde of other / Also that hir deth natur- alle oughte not to hauen comen yet of longe tyme / But by accydente and harde fortune / whiche is gl.iddely euyH: and dyuerse to theyin that she by-
2-t holdeth awrye, was broughte in to suche dysperacyon / not for noo crymynaHe cause, nor for noon other thynge Avherof she oughte to suffre dethe / nor to endure ony peyne or sufferaunce / that she slewe her
28 self And thenne after that, arose proserpyne, wyffe and
spouse to Pluto, the ryghte grete god infernalle / tIic power of whiche holdeth vnder her domynacon the persones over mortiUs. that be Inueterate of euyll dayes / And they that ben
32 in grete sorowes, to whom she admynystred alle the
deturpacyons and the * hardenesse of olde age / as to [*sign. ii iij] some while tliat they be slepynge / she setteth white herres on the grounde of their hedes ; Some she
36 niuketh scabbed and fuH of ytche, the feete to be grete ^ fu'r cofiicliiuHl.
110
Proserpine's power over mortals, [ch. xxviii.
CAP. XXVIII.
The evils in- flicted on mor- tals by Proser- pine,
loss of sight,
of memory,
of strength,
of stature,
of complexion,
of breath,
of beauty.
[* sign. H iij, back]
and swollen / And tlienne the gowte or the poplesie, the stytches or the paralesye, The dehylyte or feble- nos / and of the eyen appayreth the sighte, and replenysseth theym alle wyth teeres / and the lyddes 4 of the eyen Avyth fylthe, soo that wlian they ryse m the mornynge, they must be wasshed wyth wyne or wyth some other lauatorye / And to other, she maketh theyr mcmorye to wexe feble, and conuerteth it in-to 8 ygnoraunce; She taketh from them the puyssaunce that they hadde fyrste, and hath awaye fro theym furtyuely, by proces of tyme, aH theyr strengthes, one after another, by cause noon shalle be aware of her, for 12 doubte that she be not deceyued. And after, she maketh theym croked, and boweth theyr bodyes, hangynge theyr hedes to the grouude-warde, alle fuH of care, and as couutrefete, asweH the men as the 16 Avymnien / to the Avliiche, for to here to theym a dyflfame / taketh theyr fayr colour awaye, and maketh theym as pale as asshes / To other, she gyueth rednes, wyth a highe coloure ouer excessyue and dyshouneste: 20 and the yelowe heres of theyr heddes, she maketh theym to loke lyke rousset / or lyke the coloure of an olde here / She after shorteth theyr retentyue brethe, and molyfycth m theym aUe theyr bloode : And noon 24 otherwyse it ys to be supposed, but that she doeth in lyke wyse of alle the remenaunte / For she goeth ledynge alle in equaH: proporcyon, and maketh theym dystrybucyon by the temples and in the face, of grete 28 ryueles and fromples, that putte oute the beaulte of the playsaunte vysage, that she sheweth all wyth cordage, * asweHe in the nek as aboute the temples / We haue therof many exemples / K"omore therof 32 we wyiie now speke / It is so lothely to here / Also weH harde it is to me, to teHe therof that I haue sayde afore / but to thende that eny gaynsaynge sholde be Imputed ayenst me / to haue obmysscd for to dyscute 36
CII. XXIX.] PROSERPIXE CLAIMS PIDo's SOUL. 1 1 1
sora of the coii(l3'C3'ons and euyH operacyons of the cap. xxix.
cursed proserpyne, that is more sore pryckynge than
the thorne / I haue sette thees here for to vnderstande Proserj)iiie'8
evil deeiis.
4 the other better, that men shaHe mowe take In lyke conformyte, as it is recytcd aboue /
^ Of the beaulte of dydo
^ Capitulum / xxix
8 rilHis proserpyne, of whome I speke / how be it J_ that of aHe her werkes and subtyHe artyfyces wherof she is wonte to vse, had not in noo wyse wrought for dydo, nor hade not yet enprynted in her 12 persone eny sygne of olde age, nor other thynge wherby she shulde directely haue pretended vpon her eny ryght, Alwayes she wolde force her self to haue for her part the soule of Elysse / sayenge, that she Proserpine
1^1111 1 irvi • J! r claims Dido's
lb hadde slayn herseli by dysperacion, as tor cause of soul, furye and of rage, whiche is a thinge Inhumayne, dependynge of the operacyons and wodnesses of heHe, that she herself hathe enprynted in her persone,
20 wherunto she hath subdued and submytted herself,
wherfore by reson she oughte to abyde vnder her / as she had caused as Ave see by example famyler, whan soni body halhe and so lome '
iiiiclur Pi-oser-
submytted hymself by oblygacion to the inrisdicyon of pine's juris.iic- 24 some luge, the saide iuge is capable for to haue the knowlege therof, how be it that to-fore the oblygacyon Avas made / the persone was exempt of his lurisdicyon. And aftre thees raysons, and othre that were to longe 28 to be recou?ited, proserpyne sayde that elysse ought to
abyde with her, as she that had submyted *her self to [*»'gn- H "'JJ b.er lawes and lurysdyctions / But the fayre Iris, that departed from heuene by the commaundement of the 32 goddesse luno, descendynge by the cloAvdes with her gylte feders at the oposyte of the Sonne, ornated with a thousaunde colours / Came and sette her self vpon iri» descende on
Dido's houd.
the hede of Dydo / And for an aunswere to the
112 IRIS DISPUTES Proserpine's claim to dido's soul. [ch. xxix.
CAP. XXIX. adlegacyons of Proserpyne, sayde to her thees thynges / "Thys is of rayson wryton, whan eny persone noble is
Iris opposes in debate betwene two partyes, tliat the mooste parent hey re of the lynage, and that commeth of lawefuHe 4 yssue, shalbe proferred afore that other partye, and shaHe here the name awaye wyth hym, namely whan he is of the fyrste yssue / And also that he hath the gretter parte in the herytage, and hath doon many 8 aquysycions, amendynges and reparacyons / H I^ow it is soo, that the goddesse luno, whos ryghte for to deffende and kepe I am sent hither / hathe produced in her, beynge in this possessyons / that is to wyte, 12 Elysse, wherof we vnderstande betwix vs two / And hathe made her to be borne, hathe brought her to the worlde, and hathe alymented and noryshed her from the owre of hyr birtlie vnto this tyme present / And 16
Iris recites the hathe gyuen vnto her soo many fayre yeftes of nature /
beauties of Dido,
As in beaulte corporeHe / yongthe, welt made of her membres, eche in his qualyte, and ryglit egaH in proporcyon, without eny dylformyte / the hede weH 20 sette by mesure vpon the nek, fayre heerys and long yelowe tresses, hangyng betwene two sholders to the heles of her / her forehed brod and highe ynoughe / the browes traytice and broun, and the lydes of the 24 eyen acordyng to the same ; the eyen grene, & open by mesure, lawghynge and of swete loke; a fayre & weH: com- passed visage ouer the forhede, all ynoughe coloured / j'sign. H iiij, A *meane noose, not to grete nor to lyteH, wythout ouer 28
back]
grete openynge / A lyteH mouthe with roddy lyppes /
both in face and And atte the chickes, two lyteH pittes / & one. In lyke
^ wyse, at the chynne / The tethe whyte / smalle, and
weH loyned togyder / A rounde chynne that was not 32 ouer longe ; A whyte coloure, with a bryght hew there. "with-aHe, some what tendynge to the rede / the necke longe ynoughe by goode mesure, bygge ynoughe towarde the lowest part, and trnytyse on the backe syde / the 36
CH. XXIX.] IRIS GIVES PROSERPINE DIDo's HAIR. 113
throte quycke, and ■\vitliuut spotte or macule / longe cap. xxix. armes and smaHe, tlie sluildcrs and the backe flat, the iiisdesoribes
Ltido's beauty,
brestes weH sette, witli a gvete space betvvix bothe the 4 pappes, that he rounde and sette of a heyght / smalle of body, and large atte the liaynes / The thyes harde and grete, withoute eny blemyshynge / Fatte ynoughe, asweile the body as the meuibres / The legges AveH: 8 loyned, and soniwhat sniaH on the neder parte / lyteHe feet and smaHe, with the toes weH euyn sette togyder / Avhite vnder clothes, and f ulle swete and smothe of skynne / sniale handes, soupple and thynne, with long
12 fyngers and sniaHe, and the naylles weH euyn; swete voyce, of fayre eloquence and weH in langage, sadde of beliauoure, and of symple contenaunce / plaisau?it for to see, & replenyshed of aH good condicyons, like as it
16 were one of y*" wymen best accomplished thcd nature had produced syth her begynnyng vnto that tyme. "VVher- fore thenne, sith that thou, proserpyne, can not sliewe declines to give
up her soul,
noon other rayson but the sayde subniyssion wherof
20 thou hast spoken here afore / I saye, for to kepe
equyte / that ther was som deceptyon or frawdulent
induction that hath made her to condescende therunto,
as men may manyfestly apperceyue by the premysses a-
24 boue writon, that see theym all alonge ; wherfore the
falle well vnderstande, well * assoylled well i^ dellended, [« leaf h 5]
may welle haue releuement / But a nother waye I shaH
take with tlie, yf thou wylt be of accorde and content /
28 bicause thenne that, after thy poure and myserable and gives Pro- serpine Dido's descendynge in-to heHe, in the coniunction makynge of iiairin exniiangc
"^ ° ' "^ '^ forhercliiiiii,
the with Pluto, Thy fayre heerys were tourned to fioserpine's
' -J "J •/ hiiir having been
In-horyble and hydouse serpentes sette vpon thy hede, I ^',',"^p^' '^,*,",j ^j, .
32 shaH gyue to the, theym of dydo,for to make sacrefyces tTe"infen.a/" therwith vnto the derk shadowes, and tygres infernaHo / Yf thou wiHe renounce aHe the ryght tlrat thou preti^ndest vpon her." Wlievfore tlienne Yrys made the fiiyre licrys
30 of dydo to be cutto, and toke theym to proserpyne;
KNEYDOS. I
regions.
lU
DIDO DIES. AENEAS ARRIVES IN SICILY. [CH. XXX.
CAP. XXX. And tlienne she toke vp-on her selfe for to vnbjnide Iris imbiiids the tlio iiiembres from the sjtyrite of lyffe, Avherof the hete
HUMIlllcrs I'lMMl -11
i!if spirit, iiini was soone extvncted, ami was anone rauyshed with tlie
Dido expires. J ' J
wyndes, that bare her awaye a grete pas, and delyuered * her free and quytte to that phxce, after her demeryte, that to aHe folke is propyce, as it is ordeyned by the prouydence deuyne, wherof the regue shaHe neuer fyjiyshe / 8
^ how Eneas saiiiecl, & liow by tempest he arryued in ceeylle ^ Capitulum xxx
We leave Dido.
XXTHat shaH I more saye of the queue dydo, nor
Aeneas's voyage t(i Italy.
A storm turns their cuursc.
[•leaf 11 5, back
of her sorowe that .slie made, nor also of the 12 grete moono that her folke made for her after that she was dede / But now I shaH telle of Eneas, that went in to Italye, for to haue the loude that y*' goddes had promysed vnto hym / whan thenne they had xonne & 16 saylled so moche that they were in the highe see / a strouge weddre arose, that brought to them a grete tempeste, soo that they wist not what they shulde doo nor saye, & habau/idouned theyr saylles, for to here 20 theyre shippes atte y* M'ille of y^ horrible wyndes, in whos power they were / y* mayster maryner said, after his semyiige, by y^ sterres that he sawe, *that they made waye towarde Ceeylle, wherof Accestes was kynge / 24 Whan Eneas herde thus speke the maryner, he was therof gladde / and sayd, that to noone other londe he wolde more gladdely goo, yf the goddesse wolde ; For Accestes was his frende, and of the lygnage of the 28 Troians ; And also the sepulture of his fader Anchises was there / Soone after ceassed the tempeste / and they saylled soo louge that they arryued in Accestes londe / that hadde grete loye whan he kuewe of theyr 32 coiuynge / And soone after that they were entrcd iu-to Acestes the King the haueii / Accestes ryght gladdely receyued theym
receives them " " ,
gladly. wyth grete loye / "Whan the moriie come, Enecs spake
They land in Sicily.
CH. SXXI.] THE GAMES AT THE TOMB OF ANCHISES. 115
to Accostcs,thc kynge of tlio londe / and to his barons / cap. xxxr. and sayd to tlicym in tins wysc / ' That the annyner- s.irye of liis fader lie woldo make, and that he Avas 4 ryght gladde that lie was come thei'c soo sonc / And that he wyste weHc that hit was the wylle of the goddes ' / Thenne ordeyned and aduysed, Accestes and Eneas, for to make playes of dyuerse maners abowte Aenoas ceie-
brates games at
8 the tombe of Anchyses / Wherfore the vonge bachelers the sei.uichre of
•' ' JO Ancliises.
shewed there theyr prowesse, Tourned theyr horses, and ranne and lepte / and proued theym selfe one ageynste another / And atte this annyuersarye that 12 Eneas dyde doo make for his fader / was made moclie of prowesse, For alle they that were there dide pntte hemselfe in peyne for to doo weH, asweii Eneas folke, as they of Accestes
16 ^ How Eneas toke the see for to soke the regyon of Ytalye : Capitulum xxxj?
Whan they were coiueu ayen from y** sepulture of anchiscs, theyr shyppes were set in a fyre, & had 20 ben ali bre?it, yf it had not be a messager that anou/?ced
this to theym * there as they were / And sayde / that [*ieafnc] the ladyes that were within the shippes, hadde set During the
games, the
tlieyni In a fyre / Bycause they wolde fayne make wmien, un-
■^ J I J J J willing to go
24 there theyre dweHvnge place ; for they hadde ben ''""f't^i', set nie seuen yere and more out of theyre countreye, & were ^l^^}^^? ^\^!'j sore wery and broken of theyre longe vyage.
IT Whan they vnderstode thyse tydynges, Ascanyus,
28 that was sette vpon a ryche courser, went with other in hys companye, and rescued the shyppes wyth grete peyne / but aHe wayes there were tlire of theymc loste and brentc / After thys was doon, Eneas was Aeneas founds a
town, (Irst called
32 counseyHed^ that he shulde begynne to byhlo ther a New Troy, aitei--
•^ _ bJ J wards Aeesta,
newe cytee, whiche he sholde people with the folke f"'", t.'"^ fis^-'d and that were comen with hym, that were not able to bei'c
' orig. conuseyllud
I 2
m^M'
^ ^•'■' r
lU
DIDO DIES. AENEAS AHRIVES IN SICILY,
[CH. XXX.
CAP. XXX. And thenne she toko vp-on her selfe for to vnbj'nde Iris unbinds the the membres from the spyrite of lyffe, wherof the hete \\\v spirit, iuui was soone extyncted, and was auoue rauyshed with the
liido expires. .
wyndes,_that bare her awaye a grete pas, and delynered * her free and quytte to that place, after her demeryte, that to aHe folke is propyce, as it is ordeyned by the prouydence deuyue, wherof the regue shaHe neuer fynyshe / 8
^ how Eneas saitiecl, & how by tempest he arryued in cecyKe % Capitulum xxx
WHat shaH: I more saye of the quene dydo, nor of her sorowe that .she made, nor also of the 12 grete moone tliat her folke made for her after that she was dede / But no\v I shaH telle of Eneas, thai went in to Italye, for to haue the londe that y* goddes had promysed vnto hym / whan thenne they had ro?me & 16 saylleel so moche thai they were in the highe see / a stronge weddre arose, that brought to them a grete tempcste, soo that they wist not what they shulde doo nor saye, & habau?«donned theyr saylles, for to here 20 theyre shippes atte y* wille of y* horrible wyndes, in whos power they were / y" mayster maryner said, after
[* leaf II 5, back] his semyiige, by y'^ sterres tliai he sawe, * that they made
waye to\^al•de Cecylle, wherof Accestes was kyngc / 24 Whan Eneas herde thus speke the maryner, he was therof gladde / and sayd, that to noone other londe he wolde more gladdely goo, yf the goddesse wulde ; For Accestes was his frende, and of the lygnage of the 28 Troians ; And also the sepulture of his fader Anchises was there / Soone after ceassed the teinpeste / and they saylled soo longe that they arryued in Accestes londe / that hadde grete loye whan he knewe of theyr 32 coiiiynge / And soone after that they were entrcd iu-to
Acestes the King the hauen / Accestes ryght gladdely receyued theym
receives them "
giudiy. wyth grete loye / "Whan the morne come, Eneas spake
We leave Dido.
Aeneas' s voyage to Italy.
A storm turns their course.
They land in Sicily.
I
,1
i
w
i^
.ixs&;^A
;:'M>tv"S
-II
CH. XXX I. ]
THE GAMES AT THE TOMB OF AXCHISES.
115
•Miiel3
to Acccstes, the kynge of the londe / and to his barons / cap. xxxr. and sayd to tlioym in this wyse / ' That the annyner- SMrye of liis fader lie wolde make, and that lie Avas 4 ryght gladde that he was come there soo sone / And that he wyste weHe that hit was the wylle of the goddes ' / Thenne ordeyned and aduysed, Accestes and Eneas, for to make playes of dyuerse maners abowte Aeneas ceie-
biates games at
8 the tombe of Anchyses / Wherfore the yonge bachelers the sepulchre of
•'I JO Anchises.
sliewed there theyr pro\vesse, Tourned tlioyr horses, and ranne and lepte / and proued theym selfe one ageynste another / And atte this annyuersarye tliat 12 Eneas dyde doo make for liis fader / was made moche of prowesse, For alle they that were there dide putte hemselfe in peyne for to doo weH, asweH Eneas folke, as they of Accestes
IG ^ How Eneas toke the see for to seke the regyon of Ytalye : Capitulum xxxj?
Whan they were comeu ayen from y* sepulture of anchises, theyr shyppes Avere set in a fyre, & had 20 ben aH bre?it, yf it had not be a messager thai anou»ced
this to theym * there as they were / And sayde / that [*ieafH6] the ladyes that were within the shippes, hadde set During the
games, tlie
theym In a fyre / Bycause they wolde fayne make wmfi, un- 24 there theyre dweHynge place; for they hadde ben ["''';'":'■■ '*.'^'','''^ seuen yere and more out of theyre countreye, & were j/^*^'' ,+''.'' ^','H* sore wery and broken of theyre longe vyage.
IT Whan they vnderstode thyse tydynges, Ascanyus,
28 that was sette vpon a ryche courser, went with other in
hys companye, and rescued the shyppes wyth grete
peyne / but aHe wayes there were thre of theyme loste
and brente / After thys was doon, Eneas was Aeneas foun.is a
town, lirst ealh'.l
32 counseyHcd^ that he shulde begynne to bylde ther a New Troy, aiter-
•^ OJ J ^varfls Aeesta,
newe cytee, whiche he sholde people with the folke f"!: ti"^ aged ami that were comen with hym, that were not able to boie ' orig. conuseylled
m
116 AENEAS SAILS TO ITALY, AND LANDS AT CUM^. [cH. XXXL
CAP. xxxi. armes, nor for to goo to batayHe / And tlius he dede it by tlie wyHe of Accestes / And denysed the gretenes of tlie cytee, and sayde that it sholde be ealied the newe troye / But they of the conntrey named her aftrewarde 4 Accestre, for the worshype of Accestes, by Avhome aHe the lande was gouerned. In the same cytee, lefte Eneas The women, the wymmen, and the chyldren, and the olde men / and
eliiUlren, and old ,
men are left helped fivmself with thoos that were stronge, and that 8
behind in Sicily. r j a j
mjghte weHe endure the traueyiles of batayHe, for to haue theym with hym In Italye / A fewe men lie hadde, but they were gode and socourable, bothe by see and by the lande / whan this was doon,and that Eneas 12 hadde doc make the tombe of hys fader / He toke hys Eneas bids leuB of the kynge, and of hys owne folke that he lefte
farewell to
Acestes, and bchyndc foi to cnhabyte there, that made grete sorowe
sails ibr lUily. ' . i /»
for hys departynge / Thenne retourned Eneas, with his 16 folke that sholde goo with hym lu-to Italye, and entred hys shyppes that were well appareyHed, And made the
p leaf H 6, back] sayHes to be * hyssed vppe, toke vp theyr ancres / and
departed from the rode. Thenne myghte ye haue seen 20 the ladyes and other wepe full sore / makynge grete moone for their frendes and theyr chyldren that they sawe departe from theyra. Eneas wente streyghte / towarde ytaly / but one thynge happed euyH to theym / 24
Death of For theyr chyeff maryner, that vpon a nyghte was halfe
a murus. ^ slepe vpou the forcasteH / felle doun in to the see, and
was drowned, wherof Eneas was ful sory, and alle his
They land at folke also / Aud soone after, they landed in an yle 28 ay. ^y]-^jg]jy ^g called Tulyola, where was a cyte that was named Thetys, after Thetys the neuewe of Eneas, that gatte hit and peopled it, after that he hadde conquered alle Ytalye. ^ I haue broughte this cyte to memorye, 32 by cause that many haue harde speke of Dedalus, that
The story of fledcd there for fere of the kynge Mynos of Crete, that
h.w he'came'^to wolde slee liym H I shalle telle you the cause why, and a y loni le e. g-j^^^n^ j^^^^ awhyle to spekc of Eneas / The wyffe of 36
en. XXXI.] THE STORY OF D^.DALUS AND MIXOS OF CRETE. 117
kynge Mynos of Crete, was named Pasyfa, that was a cap. xxxi. grete lady and a fayre, aboue alle other ladyes of the Pasiphaewas
wife of Minos,
royame / Dedalus dwelled that tyme in Crete / and King of Crete.
4 was a wyse man called, and a goode man of werre. The quenc Pasifa was wyth chylde by kynge Mynos / and whan her tyme was comen, she was delyuered of a creature that was halfe a man and halfe a bulle, whiclie
8 was called !Mynothaurus / and Avas noryssbed by the The Minotaur,
for whom
commaundemente of the kynge, that Avende bit badde be his sone, And became soo terryble, that the kynge was counseylled for to shytte hyni vp som where in a
12 stronge holde / And for this cause, was dedalus sentc for to the kyng Mynos / by whos requeste & com- niaundemente, this dedalus deuysed & made a house of * merueyllouse composicyon, where Avere asmany [MeafH-]
16 walles as were there cbambres, that were in grete Uadaiuscon-
° structs the
nombre ; and euery chambre was walled and closed Labyrinth. rounde aboute, and yet mygbte one goo from one to a nother. And yf some body had be shette therin / he
20 coude never fynde the firste entree therof, for to come oute ayen ; For an houdred dores were there ; and who- someuer went in, after he was ones paste the firste dore, he myghte ncuer come oute ayen / and wyst not
24 where he was. "Wythin this place was Mynotaunis
broughte / They of Athenes muste sende eueri yere Tiie tribute of
Aegeus, King
for a trybute to the kynge IMvnos of Crete, as to thevr of Athens, to
•' J o J } J Minos, seven
souerayne lorde, seuen men and seuen wymen / vnder youths and seven 28 the age of xxv. yeres / And whan this foureten^ persones were come to Crete / the kyng made theym to be putto wythin the forsayd house wyth his monstre, that deuoured theym fuH; soone / Egeus Avas at that tyme 32 kynge of Athenes, Avhiche Avas sore an-angred in his herte of suche a seruage / And by cause he myghte not amende hit /he wente and soughte after an auuswere, to
^ orlg. foiiieten
1
The women, t'liiklren, and old men are left behind in Sicily.
IIG AENEAS SAILS TO ITALY, AND LANDS AT CUM^. [cH. XXXI,
CAr. XXXI. armes, nor for to goo to batayHe / And thus he dede it by the wyHe of Accestes / And deuysed the gretenes of the cytee, and sayde that it sholde be caHed the newe troye / But they of the conntrey named her aftrewarde 4 Accestre, for the worshype of Accestes, by whome aHe the lande was gouerned. In the same cytee, lefte Eneas the wymmen, and the chyldren, and the olde men / and helped liyraself with thoos that were stronge, and that 8 niyghte weHe endure the traueyHes of batayHe, for to haue theym with hym In Italye / A fewe men lie hadde, but they were gode and socouralDle, bothe by see and by the lande / whan this was doon,and that Eneas 12 hadde doo make the tombe of hys fader / He toke hys leue of the kynge, and of hys owne folke that he lefte behynde for to enhabyte there, that made grete sorowe for hys departynge / Thenne retourned Eneas, with his 16 folke that sholde goo with hym In-to Italye, and entred hys shyppes that were weH appareyHed, And made the sayHes to be * hyssed vppe, toke vp theyr ancres / and departed from the rode. Thenne myghte ye haue seen 20 the ladyes and other wepe fuH sore / makynge grete moone for their frendes and theyr chyldren that they sawe departe from theym. Eneas wente streyghte / towarde ytaly / but one thynge happed euyli to theym / 24 For theyr chyeff maryner, that vpon a nyghte was halfe a slepe vpon the forcasteli / felle doun in to the see, and was drowned, wherof Eneas was ful sory, and alle his folke also / And soone after, they landed in an yle 28 whiche is called Tulyola, where was a cyte that was named Thetys, after Thetys the neuewe of Eneas, that gatte hit and peoi:)led it, after that he hadde conquered alle Ytalye. ^ I haue broughte this cyte to memorye, 32 by cause that many haue harde speke of Dedalus, that tledcd there for fere of the kynge ]\Iynos of Crete, that wulde slee hym H I shalle telle you the cause why, and simile leue awhyle to speke of Eneas / The wyffe of 3G
Eneas bids farewell to Acestes, and sails ibr Italy.
["leaf H C.back]
Death of Palinnrus.
They land at CunL-fi in Italy.
The story of Da;dalus, and how he came to
Italy fron< Crete.
I
'-*■■■ -hi
^#"->-^^
rm
^^M «■» ^^
dB(
an. <«
-. -^ -^ ^*.
-•
Cri. SSXI.] THE STORY OF D.KnALUS AXI> MIXOS OF CRETE. 117
kynge ^Mynos of Crete, Avas named Pasyfa, that was a c.w. xxxi. grete lady and a favre, alwiue alle other lad yes of tlie r.isii.hiif was
wifu of Minos,
royanie / Dcdalus dwelled that tynie in Crete / and Kingof uiete.
4 was a wyse man called, and a goode man of werre. The quene Pasifa was wyth chylde Ly kyngo i\ryno.s / and whan her tynie was cumen, .she was delyuered of a creature that was halfe a man and halfe a hulle, whieho
8 was called I^Fynothaurus / and wr.s norysshed by the Tiio Minotaur,
, . for whom
conimaundemente of the icynge, that Avende hit liadde he his sone, And hecame soo terryble, that the kynge was connseylled for to shyttc hym vp som where in a
12 stronge holde / And for this cause, was dedalus sentc for to the kyng ^Nfynos / by whos requeste & co//«- niaundemente, this dedalus deuj'sed & made a house of * merueyllouse composicyon, where were asraany [•irafiiT]
1 G walles as were tliere cliambres, that were in "rete Hit 'i.iius con-
' ° structs the
lUimbre ; and euery chambre was walled and closed Lwi'yriiith. rounde aboute, and yet myghte one goo from one to a nother. And yf some body had be shette therin / he
20 coude never fynde the firste entree therof, for to come oute ayen ; For an hondred dores were there ; and wbo- someuer w^ent in, after he was ones paste the firste dore, he myghte neuer come oute ayen / and Avyst not
21 where he was. Wythin this place was Mynotaurus In'oughte / They of Atlienes muste sonde eueri yere Th( iriimteof
Aci;cus, King
for a trybute to the kynge iVfynos of Crete, as to thcyr of Atiuns, to
'' J o J ) .) Minos, sfvcii
souerayne lonle, seuen men and seuen wymen / vndcr y'ltiis ami seven 28 the age of xxv. yeres / And whan this foureten^ persones were come to Crete / the kyng made theym to be putte wythin iIk; forsayd house wyth his nionstre, that deuoured theym fuH soone / Egeus was at that tyme o2 kynge of Athenes, whiche was sore an-angred in his hertii of suche a seruage / And Ijy cause he myghte not amende hit /he wcnte and soughte after an auiiswen\ to
' ori'j. foiiretiii
P^JTm*^^
118
THE STORY OF THESEUS AXD AMADXE. [ciI. XXXI.
CAP. XXXI.
Aegcus consults tlie oracle of Miuerva,
and sends his son Theseus to Crete.
Tlic signal jigreed on by Aegeus and Theseus.
[" leaf H 7, back]
Story of Theseus and Ariadne, the daughter of
Minus.
Ariadne consults
Ditdalus as to liow to save Tlicseus from the Minotaur.
Advicje of Ditdalus.
tlic temjile of Myneriie / for to knowe what lie sholde doo of tliis tliynge.
IT The goJdesse Mynerue gaaffe hym answere / that he sholde sende his sone Theseus in-to thraldome to 4 the kynge of Crete. This Theseus was a fayr knyghte / preu, valyaunt / and h.irdy / And sayd to his fader that he sholde goo there / Syth that the goddes were soo playsed. he thenne made hym redy, and toke liis 8 waye / And whan he toke hys leue of his fader / he commaunded to hym that he sholde here whyte saylles in his shyppe, yf he happed to retourne sauffe wythout pereille / In sygne of vyctorye. 12
And theseus sayd he sholde doo soo, yf the goddes wolde brynge hym ayenne alyue. kynge Mynos hadde a dougliter that was called Adryane / whiche, Avhan she sawe * Theseus, that was so fayre and so amj'^able, 16 and that was come for to be in thraldome A^nder her fader / she hadde pyte of hym / and for hys honneste behauoure / Began to be taken with his loue / And vnto hym vpon a daye she sayde / that ' yf he wolde 20 brynge her in-to his countreye with hym / She shulde soone delyuere hym from the handes of her fader Mynos ' / Theseus made this couenaunt Avitli her and promysede her for to kepe it truly and well / The 24 lady wente anone to Dedalus, and requyred and asked hym how she myght delyuere Theseus / Dedalus tolde her / that ' theseus shulde medle pyche and towe bothe togyder, and that he shulde bere thesame with hym / 28 And whan he shulde come afore the monstre, he shulde cast it before hym, whiche anoon sholde come for to ete it ; But he shulde neuer conne chewe it so moche, that he sholde not swalowe hit, nor haue it out of hys 32 mouthe / And whyles that the monstre were thus besy and sore occupyed / theseus myght slee hym lyglitly / And whan he shaHe come to the fyrst dore of the house, he must take wyth hym a botom of thrcde, and 36
CII. XXXII.] ESCAPE OF THESEUS. FLIGHT OF D^DALUS. 119
the end of hit he shaHe make fast to the fyrste dore, cap. xxxn. and so goo forthe, Avyndynge of this botom of tlirede tyl he be come to his aboue of hys entrepryse ; And by 4 the threde, that he shallc wynde vp to-gyder, he shaHe mowe retourne lyghtly to the fyrst dore where he went ynne ' / Thus dyde Theseus, b}^ the counseyHe of the Theseus kills the
MiiKitaur,
ladv, and slewe the monstre, and came ayen oute of the escapes from the
" Labyrinth, and
8 place fuH soone / And anone after, he toke Adryane lies with
^ ' 'J Ariadne.
"vvyth hym, and secretely entred in-to his shyppe / and made as goode waye as the wyndes wolde / wythout the knowleche of Mynos the kynge / Theseus was soo
12 glad de of this good*le adueuture that was happed to [* leaf h s. onj/. hym / that he forgate for to doo as his fader hadde com- jj^ forgets the mau/Kled hym atte his departyng from Athenes / that °"^ ' ' yf he scaped, he sholde sette vppe white sailes ; and
16 j-f he were perisshed, his men sholde come home ayen berynge blacke saylles / and thus he sholde be in certayne of his lyffe or his deth : '
^ How kyng Egeus lete falle hym selfe in 20 to the see, for y*" deth of his sone Theseus.
Capitulum xxxij^l
WHan Egeus sawe the shippe of his sone comyng ayen wyth y"' blacke saylle sprede abrode / 24 lyke as wha?^ he departed from hym / he wende verely
he hadde be ded / And for grete sorowe that he hadde / The death of
Aegeus.
dyd caste hymself oute of the wyndowes of his casteH in-to the see, and loste his lyf in this wyse. 28 And whan kynge Mynos wyst that Theseus was escaped Da-daius im-
'■ i)risoned by
by dedalus / he put hym in pryson, and his sone wyth iii"os.
hym / But Dedalus made Avynges, and fastened theym He makes wings, to liis armes, and to his sones armes, of f ederes, of pytchc
32 and of wex, connyngly made / and floughe oute at the Flight of
Da-dalus and
wyndowes fro the prison whore they were. But sycanis, Icarus from the sone of dedalus, floughe alle to higlie / wherby the wax wexed hoote, & beganne to molte, and tlie feders
120
AENEAS ARKIVES IN ITALY.
[CH. XXXIII.
CAP. XXXIII. to faHe of; Avhcrfore lie felle doun in to the see, and Pciitii of Icarus, "wns di'owiied ; but llis fader floughe soo longe, as Salamon telleth, that he came in-to the isle of Sardayne, and after went he to Thehes ; And alle thus eschaped 4 dedalus oute of the pryson of Mynos kynge of Crete / Now shalle I leue to speke of this mater, and shalle telle of Eneas and of his werkes.
and escape of Daedalus.
t*]eafH8, back] *
Aeneas goes down to Avernus.
This is dis- believed by the scribe !
They arrive in the land of King Latinus.
Latiniis's only child Lavinia
w
^ How Eneas arryued in Ytalye. 8
Caj)ituluw xxxiij
Han Eeneas and his folke were arryued in the saide yle of Enlyola, they landed anone / And eneas went to a forest, where was a ryche temple 12 that dedalus had founded there / In-to this temple Avent Eneas / and there he wolde reste hym self awliyle. There dwelled the goddesse Cryspyne, whiche shulde haue brought eneas in-to heHe, for to see the sowle of 16 Anchises his fadre / and the sowles of aHe his meynee that Avere decessed / but this mater I leue, for it is fayned, and not to be byleuyd / who that wiH knowe how eneas wente to heHe, late hym rede virgyle, 20 claudyan, or the pisteHes of Ouyde, & there he shaH: fynde more than trouthe. For whiche cause I leue it, and^ wiyte not of it. Whan Eneas had taken his reste there awhile / he and his folke dejiarted from thens / 24 And went so moche, that they came in ytalye, in a grete forest, where the ryuer of the tonyre renneth, and faHeth there in-to the see. thenne co??anaunded- eneas his maryners, that they shulde sette hym alonde there, 28 and aHe his folke / and they dyde somoche that they came and entred wthin the hauene ; for they sawe the countrey fayre and delectable, and the forest grete, & fuH of bestes / Of this lande Avas lorde, kynge latynus, 32 that had noon heyre but a fayre doughter that was named lauyne / The kynge latyne, her fader, Avas of
^ orig. aud - orig. co?;imauuded
CH. XSXIV.] THE KINGS AND CONSULS OF ITALY TO CESAr's TIME, 121
grete age / and many one had reqiiyred liis dough tor to cap. xxxiv, he theire spouse. And amonge other, a bacheler of ytalie shulde haue had her, Avliiche was caHed turnus, courted by 4 thai -was moche preu and hardy / but kynge latyne wolde not gyue her to hym, though the puceHe was in age able to be marycd to a prynce of a lande /
IT Here It is shewed how many kynges had 8 ben In ytalye afore that eneas came ther fyrst. IF Capitulum xxxiiij
* A ^*^^*^ ^'"^^ Eneas was come in to ytalye, there had ["sign, ij] Jr\^ be seuen kynges that successyucly hadde kepte 12 the londe : The firste was Lanus, whiclie dyde enhabyte The Kings of
Italy btfoie
there firste, & peopled the contree / and after hym Latinus, for
150 years.
Saturnus / but this was not the fader of lupyter, of whom the auctours speken. After saturnus, was Pyrrus
16 kynge of thys londe; after hym came Famus / and after hym, his sone Latynus, that thenne was a lyue, and kepte the royame. There reygne lasted a hondred Si fyfty yeres / afore that Eneas wedded Lauyne, by
20 whom he had the royame / And after theym regned Aeneas and his
succ6Ssors 40T
eneas in ytalye / and they that yssued of hym, foure years, hundred and seuen yeres, vnto Eomulus tyme / and thenne seuen kynges reygned there after him / that 24 is to whyte, Pympeyns, lulyus hostylius / Marcus Romuins and his
suocGssors 240
ancus / Pryscus tarquynus / Suluyus / TuHyus, Lucyus / years, thyse kynges reygned two hundred & xl? yeres / vnto Brutus, that fyrste was made consulle of the
28 londe / And fro brutus, & theym that after hym BruUis and the reygned, vnto lulyus cesare that was the fyrste J^it-lls to juiius* emperour, was v. hondred & iiij yeres. H Now wyH I telle of eneas & of his folke, & that assone as tliat
32 they were come a londe / they sette hemselfe atte dyiier, & made trenchers of brede for to putte tlieyr mete vpou / For tliey liad nother dysshes ne trenchers / and atte laste they hadde soo lyteH brede, that they ete
Ca;sar, emperor.
122 TUE TKOJANS LAND IN ITALY. [CH. XXXV.
CAP. XXXV. alio thoyr trenchers, and aH that was lefto / And whan ascanyns sawo this, he began to lawgli / And soone wlian eneas vndrestode it / he wyste weH that he was Fniftiinent of come in-to the centre that the goddes had promysed to 4
Anoliisc's's vision
of trenchers. hym / For his fader hadde tolde hym in a vysion, that where he sholde happe to ete the releef or brokelynges^ of his horde, there sholde be his dwellynge place /
Aeneas under- Eneas hadde this thyng sore faste in his mynde. And 8 whan he sawe that this Avas soo fallen / he was right
[»sign. I j, back] gladde *in his corage / and sayd to his folke, that he wyste weH: for certayne that they Avere in the royame that the goddes hadde promysed vnto theym, and that 12 theyr traueyH sholde be fynysshed there. Thenne they made grete loye togyder, and broughtte oute theyr
Aeneas and his goddes fi'om the sbyppes, that they hadde bronghte
ID6II rcioicG ___
wyth theym oute of Troye; and to theym they made 16 sacryfices, and their orysons & prayers, that they Avolde helpe theym. Thenne demaunded Eneas of som folke that he met by the Avaye, who kej^te the contrey / and Avho Avas lorde therof / And they tolde hym the kynge 20 Latyne, that Avas sore auncyente and hadde no children but a doughter / and that dAveHed not ferrc from thens, that is to wyte, atte Lawrence :
^ How Eneas bygan to buylde his fortresse 24 vpon the Tonyre. Capitulum xxxv.
Why King "IVT^^^ shaHe I telle you why this cyte was called
Latinus's capital ^
was called JL 1 Laurencc, for she was fyrste named Lamraa /
Laurentum.
kynge Latynus hadde a brother that Avas called Lauynus, 28 that founded the same cyte, and sayd, that after his name she sholde be called lamyna / and Avhan he Avas ded / the cyte appartoyned to kynge latyne / that made it more stronge than it was a-fore, and Avas alwayes 32 called Lamyna, tyH that it happed that a laureH tree grewe there vpon a hyghe toure wythin the cyte : And 1 orig. brokelyiigrs
CII. XXXVI.] AEXEAS SENDS AN EMBASSY TO LATINUS. 123
Iherof it fortuned tliat kj'tige latyne dyde callc this cap. xxxvi. towne Laurence / "wliiche lie loued ryght moche / For it was the chief cite of alio his royanie. Avhan enens 4 vnderstode tliat the cyte where the Icynge of the londe dweHynge was soo nyghe / and that this cyte was soo nohle / and soo weH: peopled, he was ryght gladde Aeneas settles at
the innuth of the
therof . And after, he loked abowte hym where a place river Tiber, 8 was nioste strong, and there he hroughte aHe his ooste / and rounde ahoute this ])lace lie dyd make diches & harreys for to defende hemselfe, if *nede were / And [*sign. lij] for certeyne, wythin a lityH: space of tyme, they made and fortifies his
camp.
12 the place so stronge, that thei doubted no body that coulde hurte theym, nor take theym vnbeware.
H How Eneas sente his messagers towarde kynge Latyne. Capitulum xxxvi.
16 ■!, jlTIIan Eneas had begonne his fortresse / he called
T 7 to hym a hondred of the wysest men that
were in his ooste / for to sende theym towarde kyng
Latynus, in his cyte of Laurence, for to requyre hym of
20 p<?as & of alyaunce ; and that he was not arryued in his londe for to doo to hym, nor to the contrey, ony do9?jmage / but besoughte hym that he wolde not Ictte hym of that he had enterprysed to make a casteH: vpon
24 his grou?/de that was bego;me / For he made this for
to rest hym and his folke / and for to dwelle wythin Aeneas sends an
embassy to
his royame, by the comraau?«demente of the goddes, Latinus, . Avytlioute to doo hym ony hurte nor greuaunce. The
28 messagers wente soo longe wyth theyr ryche presente that they bare from Eneas / to kyng Latynus, and Avyth garlandes vpon theyr hedes, made of olyue tree / and also in theyr handes, brau»ches of the same / that
32 peas and loue sygnyfieth / that they came to the cyte
of Laurence, where they fonde, a lityH: wythoute the at Laurentum. towne, a grete feest of yonge men / that proued and assayed theyr streyngthes in dyuerse wyses / Thenne
124
CAP. XXXVI.
The ambassadors are introduced to Latimis,
[* sign. I ij, Imck]
who reoeives thein cour- teously
understanding that tiiey were from Troy,
;ind enquires why they came.
Ilioneus exjiluins tlicir cominj;.
LATIXUS RECEIVES AENEAS's EMBASSY. [CH. XXXVI.
cntred y*" troians wytliin tlie yates of the towne / and one of the louenceHys that thus dyde spoite hym selfe there, wente a pase afore theym, and cam & shewed to kyng latyne / how that a companye of noble men / 4 and to his semyng, of ryght hygh astate / Avere entred wythin his cyte, for to come speke wyth hym / & that they semed weH; to be riche & pesable folke / for they bare brauHches of olyue tre in their handes / the kyng 8 co;/<mau«ded anone, whan he knewe of it / that they shokle be broughte *vnto hym / And so it was doon / Tlie messagers come before the kynge Latyne, to whom they made reuerence prudently, and hym dyde salue in 12 theyre lordes byhalue / The kynge, that satte highe in his throne withyn hys haHe, where as were purtrayed fuHe rychely aHe the kynges of his lynage, connyngly made, how they hadde kept ytalye one after another / 16 with the aduentures that were come to theym, and the grete batayHes that they hadde made, — Answered weU peasibly to the troyeus / For alredy he hadde weli vnderstande that they were of troye, that was alle 20 distroied / and ^sked theym ' Avhat they sought, and what nede had brought theym in-to the londe of Lom- bardye / whether the tempeste hadde chassed theym / or yf they hadde lost theyre waye / For in many 24 maners comen peyne and traueyHe^ often vpon ' / " but how so euer ye be arryued and comen hyther, sith that ye reqnyre peas, ye be ryght welcomen to me. The londe is gode & fayre, and the countrey swete and 28 delectable / And weH ye may ease yonre self therynne / and also ryght and rayson requyreth that ye doo soo / For dardanus, that fyrste kept the regne of troye, was of this countrey borne " / Thenne gaffe the kynge 32 seassyng to hys wordes / And dyoneus, one of the troyens that were there, beganne to speke / saynge In thys wise / "IT Gentylle kynge, and of hyghe lynage, ^ orig. trauuyllo
CH. XXXVI-Vir.] ILIOXEUS ADDRESSES KING LATINUS. 125
and puj-st^auut pryuce / Thou slialte vnderstande weH cac. xxxvir. that none titroDg;e wedrynge ne tempeste / hathe con- No tempi'st sent
them licro after
strayned vs for to comme In-to thys londe ; but we are ifiiving Troy,
4 coninic hetlier with oure goode wylle / For we ben
departed from the ryche cytee of troye / That of lorde-
shyppe surmou?«ted alle other cytees that were In her
tyme. And after the destruccyon of the same, that was
8 soo grete as / thou haste weH herd telle, We departed
fro thens, *and haue hadde syth soo moche of peyne, ["sign, i iij]
bothe by see and by londe, that longe after we hadde
lefte and habandouned our owne contree / we were
12 co7?zmaunded of the goddes that we sholde come in but the com- mand of the to thyse partyes, for to haue tlierin our residence / Gods.
And we requyre onely to haue a lityH: plotte of grounde They require
only a plot of
where we mave dwelle in peas / and no liurte, domage, ground on wiiicu
•^ ^ ' 5 o > to dwell in
16 ne greuauHce, shalle not be doon to the, of vs, by no I'eace. maner of wyse / And ye muste knowe, that we myghte haue be receyucd in many places, and in a good contrey, for to make there our dweHynge / But the destynacyes
20 of the goddes, sente vs in to thy reygne, for to haue our permanente residence there / as Dardanus was borne, And appollo co?nmaunded vs the same / and Italy is their for this thynge," sayd Dyoneus, " we are arryued in this command of
Apollo.
24 londe / And also Eneas, that is our kynge, sendetli vnto the of his lewelles that he hath brought Avith bym oute of troye, where he Avas in grete honour, and a prince of grete lordeshyppcs." And thenne he toke to iiioneus gives
King Latinus
28 the kynge a riche mau);tellc, & a crowne of fyne golde Eneas's present. aH sette wyth precyouse stones, and a cepter royaH, tliat kyng pryamus dyde here often in his honde.
^ How kyng Latynus made grete ioye & 32 good clicre to y" mcssagers of eneas :
Cap" XXX vij
THe kyng latynus receyued the ryclic i)rcsent, and Latinus accepts dyoneus lielde his i)eas / & tlic kyng latyne
126
LATINUS WELCOMES THE THOJANS.
[cii. x:
CAP. XXXVIII.
Latinus sends a message of wel- come to Aeneas, whom he con- siders the person destined to marry his only daughter
Lavinia, whom lie had pre- viously granted to Tumus.
[* sign. I iij, back]
Latinus feasts the messengers and sends them back with gifts.
' They return in joy to Eueas.
prayseil moclie tlie troians, not for the present that eneas had sent to hym, but for lone of the maryage of his donghter / And Avhy he dyd soo, it was for bycause that he had grau«,ted his dougliter to a wor- 4 shi[p]fuH: knyghte that was called Turnus, the sone of kynge Darynus, of the cyte of Darda / that was not ferre from Laurence / To hym be hadde couenaunced his doughter Lauyne / but theropon be had an answer 8 of y'' goddes, that he sholde not gyue her to hym / but he sholde gyue *her vnto a knyght straunger. And whan kynge Latyne hadde mused a lytyli in hym selfe / he ansuered to the message : " Fayre brother, the 1 2 gyfte that thou hast brought to me from thy lordes byhalue, I shalle not refuse / but I receyue it gladly / and so teHe hym that I am ryght glad of his comraynge, and that my londe, whyche is goode / Is 16 atte hys wille ; and yf yt playseth to fiym, he ma}'- herberrowe hymself wyth me within thys cytee / And also ye shalle telle hym, that I haue a doughter, whiche the goddes deffende me that I shalle not gyue her to 20 no man of this countreye, and wyl that I gyue hor to a stranger, of whome shaHe come a roayalle lygnee, and of grete name thrughe aHe the worlde ; and but I be deceyued, It most be he." 24
^ How kynge Latyne sent his presentes to Eneas / ^ Capitiilum xxxviij.
WHan the kynge latyne had thus spoken / he made to be brought afore hym a honderd 28 fayre horses, weHe rychely enharnyshed and nobly arayed / and to euery messager troyen, he gaffe one of thys horses / and sent to Eneas a ryche chare, aile appareylled for to fyght In a bataylle / Thenne toke 32 the messagers there leue of the kynge latyne, after that he hadde made theym goode chere, and ryally fested, and came alle ayen gladde and loyouse to theyre
en. XXXVIII.] THE WRATH OF TL'HNUS. 127
lorJe / And recounted to hym altogyder as it was cap. xxxviii. sayde and doon / "VVherof eneas was rycfht gladde. & News of the
eiiilia.ssy
made gretc loie / The tidynge.s were spred aiie aboute si'ieaUs. 4 the londe of lonibardye, and was annou?<ced vnto Turnus, tliat the truyens that were escaped out of Tunms ULais of Troyc, were aryued in that londe, and hadde a lorde that was caHed Eneas / To whom kynge Latyne hadde 8 hal;aundouned aHe hj-s londe. and also liys doughter, that Turnus slioldc liaue hy maryage / But the kynge wolde *gyue her to the troians, for to enheryte his [» sigu. l iiijj royame of the lyuee of troye / And that kynge Latyne
12 hadde ali-redy consented to theym for to buylde and sette a casteH vpon the ryuer of Tonyre / soo that they sholde not be cast oute liglitly from the royame by force. Assone as Turnus wyste of thyse tydynges, he
1 6 was sore an-angred in his herte. And was ouermoche and is angry, wrothe for the danioyselt, that hadde be graunted and gyuen firste of ali vnto hym / And weH he swore tliat He swears Aeneas
°"' "^ ' sliall never
Eneas sholde neuer haue her, as longe as he were man possess Laviuia, 20 on lyue. Turnus, by the counceyH of his fader, sente and calls a
council of his
for his nyghe frendes and kynnesmen, for to haue friends and
"" • _ kinsmen.
cou??seyH: vpon this thynge / And whan he had assembled theym togyder, they did counseyH: hym that
24 he sholde goo towarde kyng Latyne, atte lawrence, & towarde the quene / for to knowe whi they wolde gyue theyr doughter to a nother, contrary to their promyse that they hadde made to hym, Duryngo
28 that these Avordes ranne / Eneas and his people wroughte stylle to make vp theyr fortresse / And ascanyus, by the lycence of eneas his fader, wente to the foreste that was nyghe by Lawrence, and dyuersc
32 of his knyghtes wyth hym, for to hunte tlie wylde Ascanius imnts
' 111 i/"!!'*^ ^^^ forest.
bestes / Turnus hadde two sones, and a fayr doughter
whiche was named Syluya. this siluya had norisshed a
herte tytt that he was oucrgrowen ^ and grete, that her
' vri(j. oiiergrowen
128
CAP. XXXVIII.
Ascanius wounds a tame deer belonging to Sylvia, Turnus's tlaughter.
[*sign. 1 iiij, back]
It flies home.
Grief of Sylvia.
Tumus in anger goes to the forest with his followers.
and attacks Ascanius and his hunters.
Turnus's son kiUed.
Aeneas comes to the rescue.
ASCANIUS'S UNLUCKT HUNT. A FIGHT. [cH. XXXVIII.
hretheren had bronghte to her from the foreste / soo yonge they had take hym awaye fro the nioder. This herte was soo tame, that he .suffred weii tliat the damoiselle layed her hande ouer him, for to make hym 4 fayr and euyn / and that she shold make liim a garlonde aboute his homes, he was weH: fed, and moche loued of her / and also of Tumus her brother. And whan that this herte had be longe atte home, he \vente 8 iii-to the forest among the other / and cam ayen atte euyn. The houndes of * Ascanyus founde thys herte, and hunted hym sore, tyH that Ascanyus Ladde espyed hym, and shotte an arowe att hym, and rought the 12 sydes of hym. This herte, aHe thus wounded and sore hurt, came home ayen as fast as he myght, there as he was noryshed, and cryed and made mone after hys manere. Syluya came fyrst there where he was, 16 whiche was ryght sory whan she dyde see the hert, that bled sore and was a deynge. Thenne came ^ there turnus, that was moche an-angryd and wroth therfore, & founde the wounde, and blew a home for to moeue 20 bis folke ayenst theym that had slayne this hert. And no moo wordes were made there ; But they went toward the forest atie armed, where they founde the troy ens that were come after the hert : And the 24 churles ranne soone vpon theym with suche armures as they had / The troyens deffended theymself with theyre bowes and with theyr swerdes, but the most strengthe was styH witli the men of the countree / 28 Neuertheles the medlee wexed so strong, that ascanyus kylled there the eldest son of Turnus with an arowe. Thejzne rose ther a grete crye, Soo that the troiens were of the wors syde / And whan Eneas wist of hit 32 in his fortresse, he came & brought there a grete part of his folke /
> orig. caae
CII. XXXIX.] THE BEGINNING OF "VV'AR. 129
^ How turnus sente for his folke, for to cap. xxxix. chasse & dryuo Eneas out of liis loude / ^ Capitulum xxxix
4 TTT^Or this occasiou bigan the bataylle to be gretc -L and mortaH, that was not apeased anone / There a general fray
between Aeneas
"was ffretc eflfort made, & bifjge estoure, after that Eneas and Turnns-s
*-' ' ^^ men, m winch
Avas come there / For of that othre part of the batayHe, J^'iiwlf join 8 they of Laurence came there, and of aHc the other contrees about, that cursed the kynge Latyne, tliat so euy}} folke liad receyued and lodged In his coutree / To this sorowe came Tur*nus / and whan he sawe [* leaf 1 5]
12 aHe the folke of laurence so moeued ayenste the kynge Latyne / he bigan the?aie to swere and saye, that euyU sholde come therof to the kynge Latyne and to the troyens; for yf he had not Lauyne to his wyif, he sholde
16 doo brenne the cyte, and the palays also / And thenne
he ascryed his folke, and aHe theym of the cyte, in Latinns tries to
quiet Turnus in
whiche were many knyghtes, and sayde that hym self vam. and theym of the cyte sholde yssue in batayUe / 20 Thenne spake kynge Latyne to his folke and to Turnus, and tolde theym that, ayenst the wiHe of the goddes, and without rayson, they wolde fyght aienst The fighters
" sepunite at
the troyens / Lut for thise wordes / turnus nor the liJK'it, 24 other wolde neuer withdrawe theym self, the kynge, that sawe they wolde noon other wyse doo, he lete theym shyfte / & fought tyli that the euyn departed LalreutSm*"tiie theym / Thenne came ayen they of the londe to c.[^i'"'* ^" ""^''^ 28 lawrence / & eneas & ascanyus went ayen to theire fortresse / turnus had sent for his aide in the contreye aH about, & made grete folke / first of aH:, came to him mescayus of cusye, & causus his sone, & brought 32 folke wyth theym. & the?ine came they of lo?rtbardye, of to-scane, & of the ualles of ytalie. besides aH thees, came ther canuHa, a mayde that was lady of prouerne,
ENEYi;OS. ''^
130
CAP. XL.
Tiirnns assembles the Italian chiefs and their tribes.
Among them comes Queen Camilla.
[* leaf I 5, back]
Aeneas scorns Turnus and his allies, but is warned in a vision to ask help of Evander, an Arcadian
settled on the Tiber, on Mount Palatine, where is now Rome.
AENEAS SEEKS SUCCODR FROM EVANDER. [cH. XL.
& medabus was her fader : this damoj^seUe brought with her grete co?»panye of medews aH; in amies, for to gyue soconrs to turnus, tliai she loued^ sore, wlian she was come to laure?ice, she was gretly loked vpo/i 4 of y^ ladyes of the cyte, bicause that she mayntened herself lykc a knyght : she was stronge & hardy, more thenne eny other creature /
How eneas we^?t to seke socours of y® kynge 8 eua;^cler / cap? xl
THus had turn?<.s assembled his folke for to chase eneas & his folke out of lo?)ibarde / for he Avoid haue y*^ dough ter of y* kyng latyne / eneas had with him 12 litil aide, but of them thai he had brought with liym. he toke no care, nor abashed hym not bicause that y* same lo?ide was promysed to him for to dweHe * in hit / vpon a nyghte cam to hym a vysion, that tolde hym 16 that he sholde goo to seke helpe to a kynge that was called Euander, Avhiche was neuewe to kyng Thalamus of Archade. This euander slewe his fader, by exhort- ynge of his moder, that vyceta was called / and for this 20 cause he lefte archade / and came in-to ytalye / and dyde so moche, that he herberowed hym selfe, and his folke that came wyth hym, vpo?« the mounte palatyne, vpon the tonyre, Where Euander beganne a lityH 24 cyte that he named Palence / after the name of kyng Palantyne of Archade, that now is called Eome / thys kyng Euander had a doughter, whiche was called after the name of his cyte, Palencya / and also he had a sone 28 that was preu and hardy, that had to name Palas, y* whiche werred euor ayenste turnus / and the ytalyens / Also turnus wolde neuer haue concorde nor peas wyth this kyng Euander / Eneas sayd the»ue to his folke, 32 that he sholde goo fette socours and helpe. And then??e he entred his shyppes, and his felawes wyth hym / 1 oriij. loueii
CII. XLI.] EVAIfDER SENDS HIS SON PALLAS WITH AENEAS. 131
And rowed so moclie that they cam to Palence, where cap. xli.
kyng Euander receyued theym wyth grete loye, &
honoured moche eneas, and sayd to hyra that lie had Evanrier receives
' '' '' him well, anrl
4 well knowen his fader Anchises / Soo longe they spake gives him assist-
' o 1/ i ance m men
one to thother, that euander sayd that he shokle helpo ^,^^|^'^ '"» s"n eneas, & shold take to him liis sone palas, & foure thousa?Kl men, good fyghters / Eneas tlianked the kynge 8 right moche of the good wyH that he had to hym. And whan the mornj'ng came, & that they had con- cluded togyder of ther besines, they toke leue of kynge euander / & they that were most in age entred 12 in to the shyppes / And the other that were strong, wente by londe :
^ How a grete sorow was made / wlian Eneas and Palas departed fro palence : 16 Capitulum xlj?
w
Han tyme came that they shokle departe, the t*ieafi6] quene wepte sore tendrcly, and the kynge also, that caHed hys sone fuH: swetly, saynge / " Ha a, Piiiias's mother 20 fayre sone ! yf I were as yonge as I was somtyme / with grete peyne I sholde late the goo without me / And I promytte the, that Turnus sholde neuer make so good Evandei's
lament.
v/atche to kepe hym self, but that I sholde doo to hym 24 dommage ryght grete / But olde age reteyneth me here, that happeth to hym weh. 'Now jDraye I oure goddes, tliat of the, they make vs gladde / And that I may see the agayn alyue afore that I shalle decesse. For I 28 liadde moclie leuer deye / than to see thy dethe."
U And thanne Palas and Eneas made sacrifyce to the raiias and
•J Aeneas stiirt for
goddes, & prayed theym i/iat they wolde be to' theym a,K"rest*u,'|atr' socoural)le. & this doon, they toke theyre leue of y^ "^'"^ 32 kynge euander, & walked so long that the nyght was come ; & thenne tliey herberowed themself behi?i(dft a mo??tayne.
132 TUENUS BESIEGES THE TROJAN CAMP. [cH. XLIf.
CAP. XLir.
^ H[o]w turDus came afore the casteH of eneas for to sawte liym
^ Capitulam : xlij
WHan that Eneas was goon towarde Icynge 4 ._ _..,„ euander / cam turnus afore his fortresse.
"camp in iiis ascanyus was with y*^ troyens, for to wite yf he coude
take theym, or entre within y'' casteH / but the troyens that savve theym come, putte theymself in-to theire 8 fortresse, and made hem redy vpon the waHes, for to deffende theym of their enmyes weH and vigorously ; Tiie Trojans ^^^ visus & eryalus, two valiau??t knyghtes & hardy,
decHne Tifrms's kept the gate, turnus tliat was AveH horsid, came, & eight 12 figiit inutile felawes with him, vnto y'' walles, & called & saide, * thai
yf there was eny man that to him wolde fight in the playne, that he sholde come out / and that he sholde haue no harme, but onely of him, body to body ' / And 16 they of wythin ansuered not; wherfore he launched theym his dart ouer the walles, & went agayn In the [*leaf 16, back] playne felde for to make a tourne of grete chiualrye;
& he, & the other *eyght that were come wyth hym, 20 ascryed theym / of the casteH wyth an hie voys / and sore merueylled that they were of the troians soo coward, tliat they wolde not iuste wyth soo fewe a folke as they were / and whan he sawe that thei wolde 24 not come oute of tlieyr casteH / He wente rounde aboute it, where he myghte ride, for to see and knowe of what parte the place myghte sonest be take / And whiles that he dyde thus, approched the ooste that came 28 towarde the fortresse / & Turnus apperceyued the Turnus burns shyppcs, that Were nyghe the shore, for the men to come a lande ; whereof he hadde grete loye, and com- niaunded soone that the shyppes of the troians sholde 32 be settc aH in a fyre / by cause that they of the
CH. 5LIII.] THE TROJAX CAMP BLOCKADED AT NIGHT. 133
castetie sholJo not flee thyderwarde for to saue theym cap. xliii.
selfe. They dyde thenue as turnus hadde co??imaund6d /
and brenned alle the shyppes, sauffe some, of whom Some ships
4 y* cables brak, & escaped away / wherof they of the oost had grete merueylle / turnus sayd that the casteli must be take wyth stre[?i]gthe of armes / And also he knewe weH that Eneas was not there, but came faste
8 ayenste hym, accompanyed of Palas and of many other knydites. Whan the nyofhte cam on / turnus ordeyned The itaUans set
'^ ci Jo I •'a guard to watch
xviij knyghtes for to make good watche / of whom at ni^^ht.^" '^'^'"^' Mesapus was chieff / and thenue they made grete loye,
12 and ete & dranke, & made goode chere / The troians byhelde theym / and garnysshed theym selfe in the best wyse that they coude. Menestus & segestus, that Eneas had made constables, hadde theyr folke wel
16 ordeyned for to fyghte / and for to defende the
fortresse / And made redy for to sende to Eneas / But From ignorance
'of the country
noo body durst not auenture for to goo to hym, by no one dares to
'' ° "^ ' "^ go to acquaint
cause that they knew not the contrey : dan^er^'**^ *''°
20 ^ How Vysus and Eryalus made theym redy for to entre vpon the oost of Turnus
% Capitulum xliij
* "TXTHan came toward the mornynge, the ytalyens [»ieafi7] 24 T T that assured, were not doubted of ony body that myght greue hem / feHe aslepe, alle fulle of metes and of wynes / Thenne visus that kept the gate, be- nisus proposes though[t] hym self, and sayde to his felawe : " Goode night on the
Italians, and
28 brother, loke how the ytalyens be weHe assured In then go to ten
Aeneas of the
theyr tentes / there is no we no lyght atte aHe, and siege. • they be alle a slepe / I wylle goo In-to theyre oost, for to make slawghter of theym / And after I shalle goo 32 to Eneas In pullence / For I shalle fynde well the waye thyder. and yf I may brynge thys myn entrepryso to purpos, I shal be rewarded ryglit welle therfore " / Whan Eryalus vnderstode hys felawe that spacke soo /
134
CAP. XLIV.
Euryalus insists on going too.
They tell Ascanius.
Ascaniiis consents,
and promises great rewards for their courage.
[* leaf 1 7, back]
Tlie sally of Nisus and Euryalus.
THE SALLY OP NISUS AND EURYALUS. [CH. XLIV.
he ansuered hym anone in thys manero / ' ' Ha a, goode and true felawe, we haue be so famylier, and liaue liadde so goode felyship togyder, and nowe ye wyH vndertake this thynge without me / ye shalle knowe, that without 4 my companye, ye shalle nowhere goo " / They bothe togyder went to Ascanyus, and to tlie other that were in coujzceyHe, for to wyte whom they myght sende to En[e]as / Thenne spake visus, and sayde how they had 8 entreprysed y** waye for to goo to eneas / and whan Ascanyus vnderstode theym, he toke theym in his arnies alle wepynge / and sayde to theym : " 0 ye knyghtes ! who shall mowe yelde to you so grete a 12 meryte of so grete hardynes that ye haue enterprised for to doo ? the goddes shall reAvarde you / first ther- fore / & after, my fader eneas, & also ray self, that neuer shalle forgete thesame whiles that I shall lyue / and 16 also I telle you, that yf ye brynge me my fader agayn, I shall neuer haue so grete a lordsip / but that ye shalle haue part of thesame / and ye shaH be preferred In alle maneres / 20
^ H[o]w visus and eryalus entred in y® te;?tes of turnus oost, & made grete slawgliter & destruecion / ^ Capitiilura. xliiij
*"■"■ ^Han vysus, and eryalus his felawe, were 24 armed & arayed, they yssued oute of the gates moche richely appareylled, and weH mounted vpon two goode horses, stronge & able and weH rennynge / And thus they entred in -to the lodges 28 of theyr enmyes, whom they fonde a slepe / Thenne spake Vysus to Eryalus, and sayd, "felaw myn,this thyng somoneth vs for to prouc oure hardynes. !N^ow holde the behyndo, & kepe that none escape, and I shaHe goo 32 forthe, and shaHe make large the waye " / And whan he hadde that sayd, he loked wythin a tente / and sawc a kynge lyenge, that was grete frende with kyng Turnus /
w
en. XLV.] XISUS AND EURTALUS SLAY MANY ITALIANS. 135
For he entermytted hyraselfe for to telle that that was cap. xlv. to coine, & of many other thyn^es / Tlic same, dyde a teiriWe
' •' J a I > J slang] iter made
vysus smyte his hede of / and thenne they made occy- ^y Nisusand
4 sion soo that no bodye durste moeue ; for they sawe thoym armed / and theyr swerdes aH blody / Thus lasted this eiiyli aduenture almoste to the daye / thenne came they to Mesapus tente, & sawe fyre lighte ; thenne
5 sayd vysus," good felawe, late vs take on our waye, for it is almost daye. we haue hurte our enmyes ful sore ;
and also we be wery " / thenne went they awaye, & left As day .ap-
liroaches they
there moche rychesse t/iat they myghte haue taken yf set out for 12 they had wolde ; but they wente oute of the tentes, & abandoning all
J > J ' plunder.
walked streighte y^ waye towarde palence, for to goo to eneas their lorde, that was departed thens alredy, wyth palas, the valyaunte and noble knyghte :
16 If How the t,\vo felawes loste eche other in the forest / wh.a?i the knyghtes of laurence chased theym. % Capitulu?w xlv.
A"
Nd whilis that they wente faste awaye from the
20 /^ tentes, Foure hondred knyghtes were yssued
oute of lawrence, aH armed / & wente to
turnus, for to here tidynges from the kynge Latyne /
And whan they werre *comen nyghe the tente.s, they [*ieafi8]
24 sawe oner atte the other syde, the two felawes that
went the waye to Palence / Also they perceyued thevm nisus and
•' ' J c J J Euryalus are
by theire helmes that they hadde on theyre hedes, that p'h-'^ii'jJ ijy a resplendyshed ayenst the mone / Bolcus thenne went j,'^;'^^" ""'"'as
28 ayenst theym, and caHed, " Abyde ye ; And teHe me Laurentum. what ye ])e, and from whens ye comme" / They auswerde not, but withdrewe theymself toward the forest. And than bolcus ^ and his men spored there horses, and
32 chassed theym / but - they were alredy withyn the
1 orig. botcus ^ orig. bul
136 EDRYALUS IS TAKEN, & NISUS ATTEMPTS HIS RESCUE, [CH. XLV.
[1 orig. thilklic]
Kisus and Euryalus lose one anotlicr iu the forest.
Euryalus is taken prisoner.
Nisus returns, and endeavours til rescue him, slaying several of the Latins.
[* leaf I 8, back
forest, where as tliey lost eclie other ryghte soone / For vysus dyde putte hym self in-tyl a path, and was soone goon ferre from hys enmyes. And Eryalus entred in to a thikke ^ busshe, where he founde nothre pathe nor 4 noo waye atte aHe ; and so he coude not flee ferre from hys enmyes that chassed hym / Vysus, that alredy was escaped sauf, loked behynde hym, and sawe not his felawe nor Erialus were, wherof he was ryght sore 8 angri ; And sore sighynge, he began to saye, " 0 swete felawe, where haue I lost the? where myglit I seke the 1 " And whan he hade said this, be retourned ayen bak that waye that he came. And he had not gon longe, 12 that he herde the noyse of the horses about erialus, that his enmyes had taken alredy ; and aslong as he myght, he had deffended him self ; but aHe that he coude doo, auayHed him not / visus went so longe rennynge, tyl 16 that he sawe his enmyes about his felawes whiche they helde / Thenne he wist not what to doo, nor how he myght delyuere hym from theyr handes. And whan he had aduysed hym ynoughe, he loked vpon a dart 20 that he helde in his hande, and threwe it with aHe his strengthe, and smolte a knyght betwene two sholdres therwith-aHe, so that the yron went thrughe the body of hym, whiche feUe doune ded to the grou?2nde frome 24 ] hys horse / Hys felawes that sawe thys, loked * alle aboute theym / and had grete mcrueylle / and wyste not fro whens that myghte come / And whiles that they merueylled theym selfe of suche a fortune that 28 was come thus sodaynly to theym, Vysus casted ayen a nother darte, and smote a nother of theym in the breste, and soo slewe hym, and feH doun ded afore his felawes, that were therof sore abasshed. 32
^ How Bolcus slewe eryalus, & how Vysus his felawe slewe Bolcus / Of the deth of the sayd Vysus / & how y" hedes of the
en. XLVI.] DEATH OF XISUS AND EURTALUS. 137
sayd two felawes, eiyalus & vysus, were cap. xlvi. brought vpon two speres afore the fortres of Eneas. Cap. xlvj
4 f I iHenne beganne bolcus, the conestable, to be alle Voiocens
' I ' J. 1 iT i o ■, P , (Bulcus) slays
■ lorcened wytn grate rage, for to knowe fro whom his prisoner
I ■, I o • Emyaliis, wliile
-■- these strokes cam / & m a grete anger savd to Nisus oiteis to
take his jilacc.
eryalus, " who euer hath doon y" same, y'^ peynes therof 8 shaH abyde vpo?? y* / & with y" swerde aH naked in liis fust, cam nygli hym / & wold sk-e hjnn. & whan vysus sawe this, he coude no lenger sufi're it, by cause that he wolde not see hys felawe to be slayn / but he
12 began to crye, "late hym be in peas / & take mo, & putte me to dethe ! For he hatfi forfayte nothyng." While that vysus spake thise wordes / bolcus smote eryalus wyth his swerde thorugh the body of hym, &
16 wythoute moo wordes kylled hym. And whan vysus
sawe the same, he ranne ayenste theym alle, and Nisussiays adressed hym towarde bolcus wyth his swerde in his °°'^^"'' fuste ; and so nyghe he approched hym / that whan he
20 dytl ascrye vpon his men that they sholde take hym / vysus smote hym wyth his goode swerde thrugh the uiouthe, that he made hit to come oute at the necke of hym / soo that he slewe hym, and fylle doun ded afore
24 hym & aH his folke / His knyghtes that sawe hym thus slayne, ranne alle vpon vysus oute of alle sides / soo that they gaaffe to hym his deth*wounde / and ^g,- gj. neuertheles he defended hym selfevygoryously as longe
28 that he myghte stande. But his enmyes charged hym soo often wyth grete strokes of their swerdes wel sharpe cuttynge / that he spred hym selfe vpon his felawe j^„^| ^^ ^^ ^„^^
• Eryalus / and soo fynysshed there his lylT / Thenne '^'''" ^'"""^"■•
32 toke the ytalyens their armures, and that they l)are / tiic itiiiianstake and the body of theyr lorde Bolcus / and ^ departe Tum'us's camp. wyth grete heuynesse, and wente to the lodges of Turnus
^ orifj. amd
138
THE SIEGE OF THE TROJAN CAMP IS RENEWED. [cH. XLVII.
CAP. XLVII.
Great lamentn- tioii for those slain by Nisus and Euryalus.
The heads of N sus and Euryalus cut off and set on spears before the Trojan camp.
The siege is renewed furious- ly, and the Trojans defend themselves with vigour.
[*sign. Kj, back]
Fire and scaling- ladders are brought by the besiegers.
ooste : And whan they cam / they sawe there theym that made grete sorowe & grete cryes for theym that were slayn wythin the tentes / Whan thenne the daye was come / Turn us commaunded that aHe the ooste sholde 4 be armed / And that euery prynce sholde ordeyne his folks for to assaylle the casteH / And they dyd ,soo by grete wrathe / And thenne turnus made the hedes of eryalus and Yysus to be smytten of from theyr bodyes / 8 and sette vpon two speres, and broughte theym afore the castell wyth a grete noyse & grete caHynge / for to fere and abasshe the troians therwyth, that were wythin wyth Ascanyus, the sone of eneas. Whan they 12 of the casteH sawe theym, they were fuii sory & sore tiyste / and anone they ordeyned theyr folke, & putte theym in araye for to defends the place. And thenne they of the ooste blew vp their trompettes for to gyue 16 a sharpe sawte / And taried not, but dyde his theim for to fylle the dyches / and for to dresse vp the laddres ayenste the walles / And they that were there vpon the walles, brake theyr sheldes and theyr pauesses / And 20 the hardy knyghtes troians that had lemed for to de- fende / casted vpon theym grete logges, wyth sharpe yron atts the ende, and gret stones. They that cam firste to assawte the place, myght not suffre no lenger 24 the strengths of the troians, that were vpo?i the walles of theyr fortresse. For they brake theyr sheldys & * helmes and theire liwimes & aH-to burst theyre bodyes / wlian Mesancus sawe this, he made fyre to bs cast to 28 theym / and Mesapus made the diches to be fiHed vp, & the ladders to be sette vpwarde ayenst the waHes /
% How the assawte was grete atte the gate of the castel / % Capitulum xlvij 32
BEfore the gate of the casteH was a grets toure, and knyghtes were within, that deffended it : they that were without, assailled strongly, & by
CII. XLVIII.] AENEAS ARRIVES WITH A LARGE FORCE. 139
grete rudesse / and aH they that were Avithin, deffended cap. xlviii. theymself ryght weH & vigorousli / but they of y*" oost The Kntctowcr
of tllO CHIIll)
made so greete force ayen?t them, that they dyde sette is bmued down.
4 the toure on a fire / and wlian they of witliin sawe the toure, that brenned alle in a fiame, they Avere aferde to be brente there-ynne, so that they most nedes haban- dou«ne it. And thc?me they wolde haue yssued out
8 aienst them of the oost, but the toure fille soone doun / And thus alle they that were Avithin, were ded, sauf^ The garrison are two of hem, Elenor and Elecor / And A\'han elenor saAve Eiecor, who
■ ,. , . , ., .,, flics towards the
hymself amonge his enmyes, he ranne vpon theym with cami). 12 his SAverde in his hande, as he thai wolde not escape, nor saue his lyffe / But elecoi-, that Avas ryght SAA'yfte & lyght, fled toAvard the castel for his Avarau?<t.
^ How Eneas came ayen from palence with
16 moclie folke for to socoure liis sone & his
folke ayenst turnus / *\ Capitulum xlviij
M
Any Avere there slayne, of one part, of the other / The assault but the assaAvte was lefte, for the nyght that
20 ^tJ_ came thenne vpon, toke aAvaye fro theym the
light of the daye. The troyens kept well theire walles / The Trojans still For they kneAve avcH that on the moroAve they sholde be assayHed agayn. Eneas ^ thenne, that Avas goon for
24 to seke helpe and socours, and had with hym aHe the
barons, and namely the kynge Carton / * abode not [*s:gn. Kij] longe after this / But that he came Avyth .xxx. shyppes Aeneas comes AveH laden Avith men of amies, Avhiche approched soo and lands'his
28 moche that they came to tlie socours of theym / that aAvayted sore after theym, And that hadde grete nede of helpe / Whan Turnus ^ vnderstode thyse tidyuges, he Avente agaynste theym Avythoute taryenge.
32 Alle the sayd shippes entred Avythin the hauen, excepte siiTifaiono"is left the shippe of kynge Carton, that Avas to grete. Turnus harbour. '*^
' ori'j. fauf ■•' orig. Eeasu ^ oriij. Turnus
140 A FIERCE BATTLE. DEATH OF PALLAS. [cH. XLIX.
CAP. XLIX. poyncd hymselfe fuH sore, and liis knyghtes also, for Aeneas lands his to Ictte tlieym of theyr landyng / But Eueas, that wj'tli
men despite llie . . , ....
opposition of his Darons that were m his slini wyth hym, was landed
Tumus. -^ -^ -^ '
first of alle / And defended the porte ayenst the 4 ytalyens, tyH that ali the folke were come alande / Thenne beganne the bussynes and the trompettes for to blowe, of the one parte / And of the other, Eneas,
A fierce battle, atte his comynge vpoii, he ouerthrewe & slewe Sythera, 8 that was moche rychely armed, and of noble and ryche
Aeneas slays avmes / And after, Latara, & also the geau??te / that
many Italians. iii/i iiiii ^ t ■, ry
bare a clubbe / wherwyth he hadde take the lyn awaye of many troians. there sholde haue eneas ado??zmaged 12 turnus ryght sore, yf it hadde not be a heny adiienture Tumus slays that happed ; For Turnus slewe there Palas, the sone
Pallas and takes
his ring. ot kyng euander / & whan he was ded, he toke awaye
from hym a riche rynge of golde / "VYhan Palas was 16 sJayne, there was made grete soroAve for hym, of Eneas / and of his felawes / But therfore ceassed not the bataylle. his men bare hym oute of the bataylle / And made for hym grete sorowe Whan Eneas knewe 20 it, he came ali wrothe and sore an-angred vpon his enmyes, whiche he hewed and slewe wyth his swerde, as preu and hardy that he was. Thenne yssued oute of
Ascanius and the casteH, Ascanyus his sone / and the goode knj'ghtes 24 troians that were enclosed therin / suffred grete assawtes the daye afore.
out of the camp, troians that were enclosed therin / and that hadde
rieafKij.back] ^ * How Eiieas sought Turnus alle a-boute
In the bataile, for to slee hym for the 28 dethe of Palas. % Cap? xlix
Aeneas seeks 1 11 Xeas was thrughe the bataiHe, sekynge a-bout
Turnus in the H J ' rn
battle. wA after Turnus, that was ryght valj^aunt / preu,
■ ^ and hardy In bataylle / The fende, that sawe 32 that Eneas sought Turnus for to slee hym / that wolde not that he sholde be ded so soone, to thende that he
CH. XLIX.] TURXUS DECEIVED BY AN APPARITIOX OF AENEAS. 1-41
sholde doo yet moclie harrae, and euylles more than cap. xlix.
he hadde doon aH-redy, dyde trausforme hym self In a sjiectrai like- ness of Aeneas, to the fygure of eneas, & came a-fore turnus, that
4 forced hym self for to make grete occision of the folke
of Eneas / whan Turnus apperceyued hym, he wende
verily that it hadde be Eneas hym self, and ranne
vpon hym with alle his niyght ; and whan he was
8 approched nyglie hym, he launched a darte atte hym.
and the deuyH tourned to fiym his back, & beganne
for to flee awaie thrughe y*^ multitude of the people by night,
that faught. whan Turnus sawe that, wenyng to hym
12 that it had be Eneas that durst not abyde hym, he began to enchaunte hym sore with wordes / but he that fled, sette nought by hys enchauntementes, & fledd so longe afore turnus, that alwayes folowed him, that leads Tumus on
IG he lept in-to one of the shippes of Eneas that was nyghe by the shores, lyke as it had be for grete feer of his lyffe. Turnus, that helde his swerde in his ryght hand, and his shelde fast afore his brest, and
20 that had grete loye in hym self / For he wende that Eneas had fled for fere of hym, and that he durste not abyde hym / went and entred after the deueH that was in liknes of eneas, Avithin the shippe fuH
24 vigorously, for to haue killed hym / but whan he
was come within, he fou?ide there noo body with where he finds whome he myght fight ; And sought aHe about, bothe " """' **" behinde & before, within y^ shippe / but he fon?ide
28 no thinge / so was he thenne sore abashed, & wolde
haue co?mne out *ayen for to retourne to the bataylle / [*sign. k iiji but the yssue was to hym fuH euyH redy / For the dctaineii <m cables of the shyppe that heckle hit, were broken and cable breaking;.
32 fallen vnder the water.
142 PROWESS OF AENEAS, MEZENTIUS, LAUSUS, & MESSAPUS. [CH. L.
CAP. L. % How Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thye a grete stroke :
Capitulum. L.
Tumus'iifthl"^ ~|^^"iT"ge this while that Turnus wende to Saue 4 many Italians. I I chassetl Eiieas / was eneas ill the thyckest presse -M-/ of the bataylle, caHynge after Turnus wyth a hyghe voys / and broughte many ytalyens to their deth wyth his swerde. Turnus, that sawe hym selfe brought 8
Turnus, to his
hoiTor, is carried ferre from the shores / knewe well thenne that he
away by the
current to was decevued, and wyste not what lie myghte doo, nor
Ardea, his father J f J J o >
Daunus's city. where he sholde become / soo sore an-angred he was /
whan he founde hym selfe in that plyght. Thenne 12 be heued vp his handes toAvarde heuen swetly, and began to calle vpon lupyter / why he hadde broughte hym to this grete sorowe / that he sawe his folke that were kylled & slayne afore his eyen / And that 16 he myghte in no wyse socoure theym / one tynie he thought for to slee hym selfe / another tyme he wolde haue drowned hym selfe / And while that he was thus in this thought for to doo the one or thother, y* shiji^e 20 Avent douj^e the ryuer of toiiyre, wyth the streme t/iat was so bigge, tyil that it cam in-to the hauen of the cyte of darda, w^iere as kyng daryus, the fader of turnus, Mezentius, his was. Mere?icius was yet in the batayil, & forced hyiuselfe 24 Messajms slay to dystroye & sle eneas folke / & wyth hym was his
many Trojans. . , . ; . i •
sone Lansus, that was preu & hardy / this mere?icyus ranne vpon the troians with grete force, his swerde in his hande, & made grete fayttes of armes / he slew 28 acren, & Mere»de, & many other / mesapus made also grete slaughter of the troians / for he slewe Lamon & lycormon, cycartem, & many other wortlii folke. thus w^ere mcdled y^ bataylles. merencyus confou??ded & 32 [*sign. Kiij, distroycd wyth *his swerde aHe that he fonde afore hym / And whan Eneas sawe hym, he beganne to
en. LI.] DEATH OF LAUSUS. SLAIN BY AENEAS. 143
come towarde liym. and Mere?icyus byheldc liym cap. ll
comyuge / whom he doubted not / And eueas auaunced
liymselfe soone / and launched at hym his ^rrete Aeneas wounds
4 espyotte or spere / and smote hym thorughe the thye / Avhan Merencyus sawe the hloode come oute, he was therof sore an-angred / And anone ranne vpon Eneas / sayenge that he sholde auenge it vi^on hym / But his
8 knyghtes toke hym, and Jladde hym awaye fro the Mezcntiiis is
removed by his
bataylle / for his wounde bled aHe to sore / and yet knights. was a parte of the spere wythin / that greued hym ryght sore :
12 ^ How Merencyus made grete sorowe / whan he sawe his sone clede
Capitulum Lj
WHan Lansus sawe his fader merencyus thus sore hurte, he wexed therof aH fuH of "wrathe / And assembled ayen aHe the bataylles togyder / and ranne vpon Eneas, There "was slayne many knyghtes a great
slaughter.
of the one parte / and of the other, eneas smote Lansus 20 wyth his swerde vpon his helme, and cloue hym vnto Aeneas slays
Lausus.
the teeth, there was grete sorowe made whan Lansus was ded / Durynge the Avhile that this happed, Merencyus, wytli a grete flote of knyghtes, was
24 descended vpon the ryuage of the Tonyre, and made his wounde to be shwed vppe, that was yet fuH sore / Thenne asked he after his sone Lansus, and com- maunded that he sholde be broughte from the ooste ;
28 And that he wolde wyte how he hadde mayntened hym selfe in^ the batayHe, For he wolde here and knowe of his proesse / And as he spake thyse wordes / They came wyth the corpus / makj'ng gret mone, &
32 cryeng fuH heuely. mere?icyus knewe soone thai it was
his sone / for his herte was heuy & fuH of tristesse / Grief of who the^me had seen hym complayne & sighe, wolde his son. ^ orig. im
U4
DEATH OF MEZENTIUS. SLAIN BY AENEAS.
[CH. LI.
CAP. LI. [*sign. K iiij]
Mezentiiis has liis wiiund bound wp, and goes to take vengeance on Aeneas.
He calls Aeneas.
Terrible fight between Aeneas and Mezentius.
Mezentius is slain.
Night separates tlie conibatani-s.
*liaue hadde grete merueyHe / He rented his clothes, and tare hys herys from his owne hede, and was an- angerd and wrothe without niesure / And whan he hadde sorowed longe ynoughe, he made hys thye to be 4 dressed and bounden vp / And commaunded that hys hors sholde be brought to hym, for to goo to the batayH, to auenge y* dethe of his sone vpon Eneas / And whan he was sette ahorsbacke, he toke a darte for 8 to launche or cast / and thenne he went streyghte to the batayiie / And, as a worthy knyghte, smote amonge hys enmyes. And anone he dyde caii Eneas with a hyghe voyce / Eneas herde hym, and came towarde 12 hym / and whan he sawe hym, he sayde to hym / "JS'owe, Eneas, that hast slayne my sone, I am here present, and wote not whether I shaii here deye / but or that I deye, I shalie gyue the suche strokes that shalbe 1 6 to thy grete grief / " And thenne he launched to hym a darte sore harde, And syn another ; and after, the thirde. Eneas ranne about, that durst not abyde hym / And after tliis, Eneas myght suffer hym noo lenger, but 20 went vpon hym with a spere, and wende to haue stryke hym with it / But he myssed of hym, & smote his hors so that he fell, and Merencyus vnder hym / Thenne rose there a grete noyse and a grete crye of Merencyus 24 folke, that came there aHe to gyder with theyre svverdes naked : But Eneas, that sawe Merencynus agrounde, came towarde hym or euer he coude be vpon hys fete, and gaffe hym suche a stroke with his swerde, that he 28 slewe hym. Thenne were they of the oost aR dyscom- fyted. And more dommage they sholde haue hadde, yf the nyghte hadde not departed theym one from another. 32
T
en. LII.] A TRUCE TO BURY THE DEAD. 145
CAP. LII.
% How Eneas sent the body of Palas In to
the shyppe, & sente It to his fader /
% Capitukim : .lij.
Hennc went they of the ooste towarde Liurcuco, ['sign, k iHj, . ■' back] *
and Enea.s toward his fortresse / but tliey
coude not entre aile wythyune, But lodged
theymself without vpon the ryuere. And whan the The body of
8 mornynge came, Eneas made to take the corpus of iiom.- to
•11 1 Evander.
palas, and made it to be moche rychely appareined, as to a sone of a kj'uge ajiparteynetli, & putte it in to a shippe / and sent him aj^en to his fader, with the gayne
12 of the knyghtes, & wyth tlie proye that they had gotea afore that lie deyed / The messagers tliat bare hym, recounted weH his grete proesse, and retourued ayen assoone as they myght coinme / Ouer longe a thynge
16 it were, for to reherce the sorowe that his fader Evander
... 1-11 p,_ sorrows.
Euander made, & his moder in lykewyse, lor nys dethe / And in this maner while, came messagers out of Laurence, with bran/;ches of olyue tree, & asked 20 tryewes of eneas, for to take vp tlio dedc bodies, & gyne a imee to bury
1 • ^'"^ (lead.
theym sepultures / eneas grau?ited theym theire request gladly for / xii dayes. And whan this triews Mere grau^ted, eneas saide to the messagers / " ha, a, lordes
24 latyne, what aduenture is it that maketh you to f}ght ayenst me that wolde be your f reude 1 Ye requyre me of peas & tryewes for theym that ben deed / but yc shaH: vnderstajide, that more gladli I Avolde gyue them
28 to theym that lyue. For I trowed not for to liaue
fought here / nor I come not hitlier for to fight, yf yo Aeneas rcmon- wolde leue me in peas / but I come here by the co»;- j.eui.ie of
Laurentum for
mai)?ideme/^t of the goddcs, for to haue a dwenyngo liKbtiny against
hiia.
32 place. Nor I light not with tliem of laurence ; but 1 make were aienst turnus, that wold haue laiiyne, tlie doughter of kynge lAty nus, ayenst the wiHe of the
ENEYDOS. L
Hi}
AENEAS REMONSTRATES WITH THE LATINS. [cH. LIII.
CAP. LIII.
Aeneas proposes single cunibat with Tunuis, to settle their differences.
[*leaf K5]
The Latin messengers report Aeneas's speech to Latinus.
goddes. And yf turniis wyl liaue vs out of this royalme, nie seiuetli that it were fuHe couenable a thynge, that he & I sholde fight togyder, body ayenst body / & that lie that sholde haue the victorye oner 4 the other / he sholde haue the puceHe lawy*ne, & her faders good wyHe with-aHe / and the other that were ouercome, sholde lese his lyfFe. And thus, they that be not gylty, sholde not deye, nor y^ londe not be 8 dystroyed / Nowe goo youre waye, & reporte to the kynge that that I haue .saide, & that I wyH abyde by. And that he doo me to knowe yf Turnus wiH be agreable to the same " / The messagers were moche 1 2 merueyHed of hys fydelyte, & of that that he had sayde ; and they toke theire leue, and retorned ayen toward the kynge / to whome they declared aH alonge, aHe that eneas hadde sayde vnto theym, and that 16 the triews were gyuen. And incontyent they made theym redy for to brenne the bodyes ded ; and lyke wise dyde eneas, of the other syde ; & ye ought to knowe, that grete sorowe was there made by thoym 20 that hadde lost theire frendes in the bataylle. The ladyes of the cyte cursed turnus, & the owre in whiche he bigan first the bataylle, for to haue the doughter of kynge latyn / Thus lasted the sorowe thre 24 dayes and thre nyghtes, that they neuer dyde ceasse /
^[ Of the messagers that Turnus hackle sent to dyomedes. Capitulum. Liij
THenne assembled agayne kynge Latynus his 28 barons, for to haue cou«ceylle what he myghte doo agaynst Eneas, that wolde not but peas and Con- corde / And while that they were comynge to this counseyHe, tlie messagers that turnus had sente to 32 Veniiins returns Dyomedes / wliaii he soughte his ayde for to fighte
to Latinns, from / i i i -r
his emhassy to aveuste Eucas / and that bare to Dvomcdos ryche
Dioinedes at "^ . ' ...
Argyrippa, preseiitcs iii-to the cyte of Agryppa, whiche is in one
The bodies are burnt.
The ladies of Laurentmn curse Turnus for beginning the war.
CH. LIII.] DIOMEDe's message to KlXr, LATINUS. 147
of the partyes of PuyHe / wheie Dyomedes haJde cap. liii. dwelled euer syth the tyme that he was departed frome byforc the cyte of / Troye, And helde there the 4 cyte and the lordeshyppes, After that he came agayne *from puyHe : The kynge commaunded that they [" leaf K 5, back] sliolde comnie afore hym, for to teHe what they liadde founde / vernylus began to speke ahyghe, and sayde / 8 " Barons and lordes, we dyde see Dyomedes, and a grete with Diomcdes's parte of theym that were with hym afore Troye / we made to hym due reuerence, and tolde hym what we were, and who hadde sende vs / And also tolde hym
12 ayenst whome we wolde make werre, And dyde presente vnto hym the yeftes that we bare vnto hym from the kyng Latyne / & whan kynge dyomedes hadde herde vs / he dyde answere to vs peasybly, and
1 6 sayde / " Ha a ! folke of ytalye, what aduenture commeth
nowe to you t I lette you wite for certayne, that we that Diomedes win
not figlit against
dyde fyghte ayenst the Troyens, and that theyre londes the Trojans,
and advises
we dyde dystroye, Gatte nor wanne therby nothynge / Latinus to make 20 For howe be it that Pryamus the kynge was dyscom- -Aeneas, fyted, and his knyghtes distroyed, Eight soo was Agamenon loste and slayne, that cheffe gouernoure was a boue vs aHe, by the meanes of his wyf that loued 24 more another than she dyde hym, Avhiche holdeth nowe tlie londe. what sliaHe I teHe you of the vnhappy Pvrrus, nor of the other grekes, nor of my self / wvte Misfortunes
"^ ' o > J I J befeU all the
weH that I shaH neuer fyght ayenst the Troyens, yf I Greeks that
JO -J J ) J hc-Ii)ed m the
28 may. For more wors it is to vs happed in dyuerse ^•^struction of maner, of tliat we dyde fyght ayenst theym, than it is te theym for to haue be dyscomfyted by vs. But goo youre waye ageyne, and here thees gyftes vnto eneas, &
32 ye shaH; doo wysely / & I lete you wite, that wyth hym I haue foughte, body ayenste body / and by cause thai, I haue fouHde hym of so grete strengtlie and proesse, I saye yet that, yf he had nowe with him two hou«derd
30 knightes suche as he is, & in theyre co»«panye, hector &
L 2
148
CAP. LIV
[* loaf K 6]
Diomede lecouiits the heroism of Aeneas.
Latiniis pro- jiosos to give the Tnijaiis a tract of liiiui next Sicily.
If they like to stay, let them build there, if not he will cx)iedite their dex'arture.
KING LATINUS WISHES FOR PEACE WITH AENEAS. [CH. LIV.
troylus / aHe grece myght be soone bi theym aHe ■wasted & distroied ; and weH ye ougbte this to beleue of me, for I haue assayed hym / And ^Also ye miiste vndcrstande for veraye certeyne, that aH the recystence 4 tliat was made ayenst vs grekes afore Troye, it was made by the strengthe of Eneas, of Ector, and of Troylus / that socoured and reioysed the other. And •were alnioste equalle. Hector, Eneas & Troylus ; But 8 eneas was of more symple corage : Eetourne agayn towarde eneas, and make peas wyth hym, yf ye be sage."
% How kynge Latyne couwseylled for to make peas wyth Eneas. 12
Capitulum Liiij?
WHan the messagers hadde thus reported their wordes / grete spekynge arose thrughe aH the halle / And "whan it was ceassed, the 16 kyng spake and sayd / " Lordes, I wolde we hadde goode counseyH afore that more do??2mage sholde come to vs / We be not wyse for to fyghte agaynste eneas, as longe as that the goddes wyH be on his side ; ISTor ayenste 20 his folke that neuer were wery for no batayiie that tliey hadde. Now truste nomore vpon Dyomedes ; lete vs thynke and see how we shaH mowe eschewe this pareyH / For vpon vs falleth the werke / and I maye 24 nomore helpe my selfe. wherfore I haue bethoughte me of one thinge / that is to saye, a pece of londe that marchcth towarde cecylle : Lete vs gyue that grounde to the Troians / and accorde vs to theym. And yf they 28 loue the countrey, lete vs suffre^ theym for to buylde there townes, cytees and castelles : And yf they wyH not doo soo,but wyll go in some other countrey, I shaH doo make for tlioym ryclic shippes^ and goode / And 32 shaH doo delyuere vnto theym aH that they shaH nede / And I shaHe nowe sende vnto Eneas ryche • orig. snlTre ^ oriy. sliipres
CH. LIV.] VIOLENT ALTERCATION BETWEEN DRANCES AND TURNUS. 149
presentes, for to knowe his wylle in tliis byhalue." cap. liv. Tlieiine rose vjjpe an hondred knyj^lites, iliai sayd tliey 100 kni-iits offer
to po to Afiieas
shold goo to eneas ; & also drastes, tliai loucd not turnus, with the
inoposal.
4 sayd in this wyse to f kyng / " haa, goode * kynge ! aHe ^, j^^f ^ y_ ^^^^^ they that ben here, knowe weH wheronto the thynge is come, but none dare speke liyt / Alle we oughte to Dmncesadvisrs*
tlie Kiiig to give.
putte ourselfe in peyne for to haue peas / For many a his rtau^hter iu 8 man is aH-redy ded / wherby Eneas is "wexed more Aeneas, and
•^ ' Turniis to en^aKe
stronge / Gramite vnto hym your dou"hter / for she Aeneas in single
^ I J J 01 combat.
shaH be weH employed wyth this two yeftes that ye doo promytte to hym : And thus shaH we haue peas /
12 And yf ye dare not doo it for Turnus / I shaH mow praye hym fj'^rste, that lie haue mercy of me and of other / And that he take the hardy ncs vpon hym for to fyghtc hym selfe alone / For folke ynoughe are aH:
IG redy slayne / wherby the lande is dystroyed / And yf he feleth in hym selfe ^ y^ vertue & strengthe for to liaue your doughter and the royame by force / Lete hym fyghte, body ayeust body, to his enmye that
20 calleth hym therto / and that he wyH not see that the
poure people be dystroyed / and that he haue in-to his in save the lives remembrauuce the proesse of his fader, and that he goo pcoiiie. ayeuste Eneas, for to fyghte wyth hym, haude for
24hande" / And whan turnus, that was come ayen to Lawrence, herde the eiie Drastes speke soo, he toke it in a grete anger ; For he knewe weH that he loued ^ hym not / and thenne he spake by grete anger, and
28 sayd : " Thou haste grete habondaunce of wordcs wyth
y^ whosomeuer fyghte, thou Avylte not come nyghe yf Tumns replies thou mayste kepe the a side / But in the plees amonge Frances, but the senatours, thou wylte be the firste that shaH speke / lo ligiit Aeneas.
32 and therof we haue not to doo no we" / And yet sayd
Turnus to Drastes, afore kynge Latyims, that he neuer
sawe dyoracdes fyghte wyth eneas / but and yf Eneas
came ayenst hym / he slinlde not refuse hym, nor flee
1 oriy. fulfu • oriy. loiied
150
ADVANCE OF AENEAS UPON LAURENTUM.
[CH. LV.
CAP. LV.
[•leaf K 7]
Report that Aeneas and the Tuscans march on Laurentum.
Uproar in the city.
Tiimus arrays his men.
Tlie ladies curse Aeneas now.
Queen Canulla (Camilla) begs of Turnus the first combat with Aeneas.
forre from liym / Cut sliolde gladly fyglite wyth hym, tlioughe lie were as stronge as the deuyH :
IT * how eneas came afore the cyte of laurence.
Cap? Iv 4
DYryng that tliise wordes were, the sayd Eneas had ordeyned his folke for to come afore the cyte of laurence / thenne came a messager, cryinge to the kynge & to the barons, that the troiens were 8 departed from theh'e tentes for to comme and take the cyte by force / IF Thenne was the cyte aH:e in a rore and sore moeued ; the cytezeyns ranne to fette their barneys, and made stones to be borne vpon the waHes 12 for to deffende theym / If Turnus went and armed hymself, and commaunded to his folke that they sholde be redy right soone for to yssue out with hym / Turnus dydeputte his folke in araye, & made his bussynes and 16 trompettes to be blowen, and yssued out to the bataille. If The queene Amatha, & lauyne her doughter, bicause of this euyH: aduenture that was moeued, and the other ladyes, went vp in-to the temple of Mynerue, for to see 20 the assembles, & who sholde flee, & who sholde abyde, and who sholde doo moost of armes / And sore they cursed Eneas and aHe his felyship. IT Whan Turnus Avas yssued out of the toure aHe armed / The quene 24 Canulla, Avith aHe companye of knyghtes, and of may- dens aHo armed, came toward hym. And demaunded the fyrst batayile ayenst Eneas and hys knytes and that Turnus sholde abyde wythin for to kepe the waHes 28 of the cyte / And she sayde, " syre, lete me doo with the batayile " / Turnus behelde her thenne, and sayde, " Ha a Lady, that are aHe the proesse of Ytalye, who shalle mowe Eewarde you the meryte of the goodewylle that 32 ye shewe nowe vnto me / I lete you wyte, that to me are come messagers, whiche doo teHe me that Eneas sendeth here afore, one part of bys folke and of hys
CH. LV.] TURNUS'S PLAN OP DEFKXCE. THE TUOJANS ATTACK. 151
knygRtes ; And that the other coinineu aHe awaye by caf. i.v. the *mountayiie, ami wylle assaylle the towne atte the [* leaf K 7, buck] other side. And I shaH telle you what I haiio thought 4 for to doo / I shaHe putte my selfe wytli my folke vp- on the mou?<tayne, emonge the busshes that euuyronne Tumns ngrecs to
occu]iv the
the grounde, there wyth mani archers, and my crosbowes momitain i)asses
and leave
and my knightes. And whan our enmyes shaH be Camilla the 8 come in to / the narow waye / we shaHe thenne setts vpon theym / and shaH here to theym gret domage. and ye, lady, Avyth your folke, ye shaH abyde atte this side, for to goo vpon the troians whan they shall come / "
12 And thenne came there Mesapus wyth a goode baude of folke, whiche Turnus exhorted for to doo well / and that he sholde fyghte that daye vnder the banner of tlie noble & preu lady CanuHa / And after that he
1 6 hadde sette aH: his knyghtes in goode ariaye, he The forces are
disposed.
departed wyth his felawshippe for to go wayte after
Eneas, atte the descendynge of the hille / And the
quene CanuH^x, and Mesapus, & conroe, & his broder
20 caules, rode aH armed in fayre ordoiiaunce vnto the
bai ryers : Thenne the troians hasted themselfe for to The Tmjans
advance on
come afore the towne / But assone that they myghte Laurentum. espye eche other, they approched for to fyght togyder.
2-1 they thenne lets renne theiyr horses / And gaaff grete A bloody battle, strokes, the one to the other, Avyth their speres. And atte their comynge hande to hande togyder, there was grete noyse of horses and of barneys / And they
28 launched and shotte soo thycke and soo faste, the one partye ayenste the other, that all the ayer was troubled / The Latynes hadde the wors atte the firste comynge tiu; Latins are togyder / For the troians rebuked theym / and caste '''i'"''^'^^
32 theym abacke vnto the gates of the towne ^ Thenne retourned agayue the chyelF capytaynes of the Latynes, wyth theyr coinpanye weH horsed, vpon the troians. They renew the and beganne the medle and the crye of ncAve / And the
36 Latynes bare theym selfe fuH weH a * while, that by [MeafKS]
T
152 PROM^ESS OF CAMILLA AGAINST THE TROJANS. [OH. LVI.
CAP. LVI. force of amies they made the troyens to retourne bale / Eut atte the last, the troyens that were neuer wery of bataylles / made there merueyHes of amies, so that the latynes myght susteyiienoolenger the weydit of theyre 4
The Latins nre
repulsed ayai II. swerdcs / but Were ageyiic putte abak /
II How the qiieene Canula was slayne In bataylle. l^ Capitulum / Ivj
IHus It happed that tynie, that tlie Latynes were 8 putte twyes abacke by force of grete fayttes of amies / And whan came to the threde tyme that the batayHes were aH ordeyned, the?2ne was tlier grete destruction and grete slawghter made, bothe of 12 men and of horses, byfore the barres of the towne, where the valyaunt knyghtes made merueylles, of the one part and of the other / but aboue alle other that Prowess of Were tlier, the queeiie Caunle dyde best In armes, and 16
Ciuiiillii, wlio
siiiystiie Trojans kylled and slewe the troyens on eyther syde of her.
in every -i d d
direction, Yov with the swei'de she had a bowe, and a sheeffe of
arowes liangynge by her syde ; One tyme she shotte / Another tyme she sniotte grete strokes with her swerde, 20 and hewe, cleued, and cutted of hedes and armes clene from tlie bodyes /
H In the batayHes of the troyens was a ryche man
She pursues that was Called Cleonis, that afore hadde be a bvshop 24
Cleonis for the •' ^
sake of his rich In troye, of the temple of one of thevre goddesses / He
armour. '' '■ jo i
hadde lefte his offyce, and hadde taken Bym self to the fayttes of knygthed. This man hadde moche Ryche armes, alle couered Avitli fyn golde, and of precyous 28 stones / IF And whan the queene CanuHa sawe hym, she dyde coueyte sore nioche his armures, and made her self redy i'or to slee Cleonyus / U A Troyen that was
Aruns perceives named Auyus apperceyued thesame / And with this, he 32 was also wrothe for the grete ocysyon that this queene
L* leaf K 8, back] Caiiulla luuldc made of the nohle * troians ; this man began for to praye Iu])yti.'r, that he wolde gyue hym
en. LVII.] DEATH OF CAMILLA. SLAIN BY ARUNS. 153
streiigthe, poure and hardynes, for to aueiige bis wratlie / cap. lvii. and liis frendes that CanuHa hadde slayne: And "whan he had thus finysshed his oroysen, he lete go his 4 horse towarde the quene / wliiche uas not aware of Amns attacks
1 1 11CT11 11- '"^'' unawares,
hym : he smote her vpon the leite sholder wyth his ^
swerde a vengahic stroke / soo that he dyde cutte the harneys / and made liis swerde to entre in to her white 8 flesshe ferre wythin the body of her / soo that anone and slays her, after, slie felle ded to the grony^le : And after, as lightly as he myghte, he departed awaye ; For he doubted sore the queue / But nought auaylled hym his fleynge, for a 1 2 mayde slewe hym, in vengeau«ce of her lady the imt is soon
after slain
quene : himself.
% How Turnus cam to the feekle, & his folke wyth hym % Capitulum Ivij.
IG "XT!" Han CanuHa was fallen doun from her horse, thenne was there gret sorow made ; and the
w
bataylles of Latynus began aH for to tremble Tiie Latins
, , , . p , , , retire witliin the
and shake tor lerc ; and noo recoueraunce was there barriers.
2iJ more / but cam agayn wythin the barreers / and many of theym were thenne ouer throwen and cast doun in-to the dyches. And the ladyes of the cyte mou/^ted vpon tiic women the walles for to defende the towne. And wlian they to defemUhe
24 sawe bryng the body of CanuHa, the worthy queue, they sette nomore by their lyues, but gaaf theym selfe to traueyli for to defende, sooner than dyd the men. thenne was sente a messager towarde turnus, that was a message sent
28 at his watche wyth his chyualre vpon the mou^tayne, '
as it is said afore / Whiche shewed viito hym the grete sorow of the batayH, and how CanuHa was ded. turnus toke soo grete a sorow therfor, that he wyste not what
32 to doo / But lefte his watchyng after Eneas / and came ^vho quits the
' ./ o ( jiass and comes
to the batayH / After this, taryed not long that Eneas ^" Laurentum.
Aeneas comes
came and descended from *the mou/^tayne for to come [♦sign. Lj] afore the towne for to conduytte his folkc / And thus tiirougii the pass.
154 TURNUS PROPOSES SINGLE COMBAT WITH AENEAS. [CH. LVII.
CAP. LVII.
The Latins and Tunms's men are driven into tlie city.
Tnrniis offers to Latinus to tiglit Aeneas in single combat, for tlie land and Lavinia.
Latinus advises him to retire home.
[*sign. Lj.back]
came Eneas and Turnus almoste botlie togyder attones to the medlee / But it was soo nyghe nyglite whan that they came there, that lityH faytte of knighthode was there made / But the Turnyens and the Latynes 4 wythdrewe theym selfe in-to the cyte / And Eneas and his folke dyde lodge hemselfe withoute the walles of the towns / where they dyde pyghte theyr tentes. And whan the mornynge was come / Turnus, that was 8 fuH sory and wrothe for his folke that he sawe dys- comfyte and slayne, came byfore kynge Latyne in a proude man ere / And sayd that he was redy for to doo the bataylle, body ayenste body, ayenst Eneas / "But 12 sende for hym,syr," sayd Turnus, "and take his othe,and doo deuyse the couenaunte / And yf he ouercome me, lete hym haue the lande, and the pucelle lauyne to his Avyff / And yf I maye conquere hym, lete hym goo his 16 wayes, and leue me in peas wyth Lauyne your doughter / and wyth your royalme " / The kynge thenne sayd peassibly to turnus : ' ' Ha ha, valyaunte bacheler, I doubte sore the aduentures of bataylle / and yf thou 20 bethynkest weH thyselfe, how grete a londe thou shalt haue in thy holde after thy fader is deceassed, and also that thou haste conquered grounde ynoughe by thyne owne proesse. And how many ryche maydens ben in 24 ytalye, of noble blode / and of highe estate, of which e tlioxx myghtest chose one to be thy wyff / Syth that the goddes wyl not, nor grau??te not, that I gyue my doughter to no man that is of my royame, how be it that, for the 28 loue that I haue vnto the, I had graunted her to the for to be thy wyf / and namely atte the request of my wyff / I haue taken her ayen from Eneas, the preu & worthy knyghte, and haue suffered the for to vndertake 32 the crueH batayHe wherby I haue loste *myn owne folke / and thou haste hadde grete dommage / and we are atte this owre in soo grete peyne, that we maye nomore / and no longer we may not weH abyde wythin this 36
f
CU. LVIII.] LATIXUS AND AMATA TUY TO DISSUADE TURNUS. 155
C3'te / Also the feldes ben aH coucred wytli oiir men / cap. lviii. that lye ded vpon the ertho. wliat sliaH I reherse aH our euyH fortunes'? Avere it not thenne better for the, '
4 that thou were wythin thy londe, wliiles that thou arte Latinus advises
1 • 1 • Tiinuis to avoid
hole cv sounde, ni good plyghte and loyousc / and also further HgUting. afore that thou had lost thy lifF / Loke & beholde tlie aduentures of the bataylle, how they ben grete ! hauc 8 mercy on thy fader / whiche is in grete age " /
% How the couenaimte of the bataylle was made bytwene Eneas & Turnus.
Capitulum Iviij.
12 f f J'Han Turnus herde the kynge speke thus / he taryed tyH that he had finysshed his wordes / and sone wha?i he myght speke / he sayd, " good kyng, haue no drede for me, nor no doubte / but suffer
16 that my honour and praysinge be encreassed / Am I thenne soo feble? and doeth my swerde cutte soo lityH / that I dare not fyghte wyth Eneas 1 and is my flesshe more tendre, & the bloode of my body more
20 nyghe goon / more than is his / And I doo hym weH: Tumns deter- to wytte, that yf he come so nyghe me that he be Aeneas desiiite
,, the reiiion-
wou?«ded / he snal be ferre hom j^ goddesse, his moder / stram^es of
Latiims
to whom he trust moche yf I fyght wyth hym : " To 24 thise wordes came there the queue Amatha, that was sore troubled, and aH: a-ferde of the bataylle, & of the siege of the cyte. And Avhan she sawe turnus, that woldc fyghte wyth eneas, she began ne to wepe & make 28 grete mone, and sayd / " Turnus, I praye the, by the teeres and of Queen
J- 11 /• 111 Aiiiata, wlio
that thou sceste falle fro myn eyen / and by the honour tries hard to
dissuade liini.
• that I haue alwayes borne and doon to the, that thou fyghte not wyth Eneas / For yf thou deyed, I sholde
32 neuer lyue after, nyght ne daye. For that owre I wolde neuer see, that eneas sholde hauc my doughter * to hys wyffe" / Whan Lauyne saAve her moder wepe, ['sign. Lij] she was thereof fuHe sory & wrothe ; and with this she
156 THE COVENANT OF SINGLE COMBAT. [cil. LVIII.
CAP. Lvm. l)e-came rede In her face / And wlian Turnus sawe her/
Ln\"nia wm, tiie t'^ic iiiore that he dyde beholde lier / The more he
*?Z";nl',eii«uo was taken of the loue of the puceHe, And more wyH-
flghting? y"go and sore chaffed for to fyght with Eneas, And 4
sayde to the queene / " Madame, wepe not for me / Nor
doubte nol of no thynge / For it is better that we two
fyght togyder / Than that oure folke sholde slee eche
other." "Whan turnus had spoken thus, he dyde make 8
his hors to be broughte afore hym, and his barneys, &
armed himself moche rychely, as of custome was, after
the facyon & manere of the londe atte that tyme /
And the kynge Latyne had sent his messagers toward 12
Eneas, for to announce vnto hym that Turnus was
ahedy appareylled for to fyght, body to body, aienst
Aoiieas is hym / Of the bataylle, was eneas ryght glad, and anone
williiig.
armed him. And of bothe party es, they assembled IG theym aHe, In a fayre playne afore the cyte, for to see the batayHes of this two barons, Avhiche sholde haue be merueyllouse. And the ladyes & the puceHes w'ere The lariies mount mounted viion the waHes, & the quene also. The 20
on tht) walls to
see the figiit, and kvn^e latvne was yssued out of the cytee, with Turnus
Latmus and the J o j j j '
outside^'° ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^y^ ^"^^^ / ^^^ ^^ bothe sydes they made
sacrefyces for hym with whome they helde / And the kynge Latyne and the other barons deuysed the couen- 24
The covcnniit of aunces / ' That who some euer were vanquyshed. Other
single battle is
made. Turnus or Eneas / that he and hys boost sholde voyde
outof the Londe, and sholde goo In to another countreye.' H Whyles that they spake thus, and that the conuen- 28 auntes were deuysed and made, and that rested theyre nothynge But for to goo bothe togyder / An auenture happed there, a merueyllouse thynge, wdiiche appiered to all theym that were there / An ogle grete and ouer- 32
[*sign.Lij,baciv] growcu. Came *fleynge hyghe bytwene the cyte and the tentes ; And thenne lighte hym selfe doun harde
Tiie mai-vci of among a grete many of swa.»ncs that were in a water
the eagle and the
swaus. nyghe by / And toke one of theym bytwyx his clawes, 36
"W
en. LIX.] REN'EWAL OF THE FIGHT BETWEEN' THE ARMIES. l.^T
Avhiche were grete and shavpe / and bare liyra vpwarde cap. lix. by grete force. And anone aH: the hcpe of theyin arose / For tliey were aferde, and flouglie aH highe 4 towarde the clowdes, And were soo many, that aH the ayer was couered wytli thejMn. And soo inoche they dyde enuyronne aH aboute the egle / that she lete faHe the swanne oute of her clawes in-to the The swan
escapos from the
8 water / And the egle fledde, and heelde on his waye : '^'^ek.
IIow Tholomeus made the bataylle to begynne ay en, grete and horryble.
Capitulum lix
Han the Tumyens and the Latynes sawe this The Latins tiiink
tliis a good
thynge / they hadde therof grete loye / For omen they trowed that it hadde be to theym a oode bytokenynge : And therof arose thorughe aH 16 the ooste a grete murmure & a grete noyse, and houered A great
nmriiiuring in
in tlieym selfe soo sore / that for a lityH / they wolde tiieir host.
haue ronne vpon the troians / Thenne spake a deuy-
noure that was caUed Tholomeus : and sayd in audy- The battle is
_ again made
20 ence / " Lordes turnyens, this was that I desired for to general by
Tolumnius the
see some tokens from the goddes / That ede that augur, wiio urge
^ ' ° the Latins to
lighted amonge the hepe of swannes, sj-gnyfieth our defend Tumus, enmye stranger, that is, Eneas, that wasteth and dys-
24 troyeth our londe / But lete vs aduyse also that we enuyronne hym rounde aboute wytli goode men of armes, as the swannes dyde the egle / And lete vs deffende Turnus agaynste hym / and weH I wote that
28 he shaH flee a waye oute of oure countrey ; And thus shaH we be delyuerde of hym." And thenne Avhan he hadde thus sayde, He shottc an arowe towarde the ""'i shnnts a
Trojan with an
troians / and smote a knyghte, and ouerthrewc hym to ar'ow. 32 the *grourtde bytwyx the other, that were therof aH [* sign, l ii.ij al)asshed.
158
PKOWESS OF TUENUa.
[CH. LX.
CAP. LX.
The battle is renewed.
Aencns is wdiuiiled and retires.
Tumus makes terri))le havoc among the Trojans.
He slaj's many cliiefs.
[*sign. L iij, back]
Gives Dolon's sun Ills till
^ How Turnus dyde grete clommage to Eneas folke : Capitulum Lx ?
T[H]Enne beganne agayne the batayHe of the one parte / And of the other, Eneas ascryed to 4 theym and sayd : " Lordes, why doo ye fyghte / Ye knowe weU that the couuenaunte ys deuysed and made / That Turnus and I shaH fyghte for you aHe / " Whyle that eneas sayd thyse wordes, and cryed vnto 8 his folke that they sholde not fyghte / There was a quareyH launched in-to his hande / and wyste neuer who shotte hit. Thenne departed Eneas from thens / and Turnus and his folke ranne soone to fetche theyr 12 armures. And thenne Turnus smote hym selfe in to the troians / Turnus, atte his comynge on, dyde grete dommage to the troians, For he was a ryghte valyaunte knyghte of his body. And desyred moche for to 16 dyscomfyte theyra. He satte vpon a charyette wyth foure whelcs, and foure whyte horses dyde lede hym ; He hadde wyth hym the dartes for to launche and caste / And liys other armures for to assaylle and 20 fyghte, from ferre and of nyghe U Soone after that he was come to the medlee, he slewe Thelemon and Thamytoun, and Potym and Glathome / and Tasdome / And after came there a troien towarde hym / that was 24 sone of Ozon of troye / that was rj'-ghte weH: armed of ryche armures / And to the same, launched ^ Turnus a darte / and ouerthrewe hym, fuH sore wounded. And assone as he sawe hym a grounde / he made his horse 28 to tarrye, and alyghted doun from his charyotte, and sette his fote vpon his necke, and shoued his swerde in-to his throtte / And after, he sayd to hym : " Troian, here is the londe that thou hastrequyred for *to fyghte 32 ayenst me / whefore I shalle gyue to the thy fylle ^ orig. lauclied
CH. LX.] PROWESS OF AEXEAS. 159
therof " / and with tlie same, he tokc hys hand fulle of cap. lx. erthe fro the grounde, and fylled hys throte therwitli- alle, while that he was a passynge / And wite for veraye of Italian soil. 4 trouthe, sayde Turnus to hym, that "alle thus I shali rewarde theym of thy nacyon that shaH comme ayenst me In bataylle." Anoone after that he hadde sayde thyse Avordes to the troyen / He recountred another, that was 8 called Habitein, and was the felawe of hym to whonie he had thus spoken / And slewe hym incontynent ; and after liym, many other moo / And while that Turnus went thus thrughe tlie bataylle, alle att hys wylle,
12 sleynge the troy ens, Eneas and Menesteus and Aeneas returns Achates and Ascanyus came to the medlee / for Eneas of the I'taiiajlsf hadde be a longe espace therfro, for cause of the wounde that he hadde had In his hande, and spored
16 hys horse atte that syde where he wist that turnus was. And he had hys knyghtes made roome afore theym, and slewe doune many of the Latynes and turnyens att euery hande of hem, and soone abashed
20 the Ytalyens, so that they trembled for feere. Eneas slewe Afram and Osanum, Achetym and Pulerum, and gyas, and also Atherantum / And tholoraus, that be- gun ne the medlee, lost there hys lyffe / for ascanyus
24 slewe hym atte firste stroke that he smotte hym with Toiumniusis the glayue / Thenne a-rose the noyse and the crye Ascanius. sore grete of bothe sydes / But the Latynes myght noo lenger endure, and tourned theyre bakkes, and went Tiic Latins ny.
28 awaye / Eneas that chassed, wolde not sloe theym Aeneas seeivs
' Turnus alone.
nomore, But dyde caHe and sought after Turnus In the grete presse / And with noon other he wolde fyght. Turnus tarycd not longe In one place, But went euer
32 here and there alonge the wynges of the batayHes, • wherby he dyde grete dommage to the troyens / thenne *dyde Eneas assemble alle the grete bataylles / And rsgn. Liiij] aduysed hym selfe / that he sholde drawe towarde the
36 cyte, that was ali abasshed / Thenne called he to hym
160
DEFEAT OF THE LATINS. DEATH OF AMATA. [ctl. I.XI.
CAP. LXI.
Aeneas draws his army uniler tliu walls of Laurentum,
and cries to Latinns that he keeps not his covenants.
The citizens are divided whether to admit him or not.
Amata hangs herself.
[* sign. L iiij back]
Grief of Latinus and Laviuia.
Menesteus and Sarestum, that were connestables of his folko, and of the bataylles, And' sayd to theym / " make oure folke to withdrawe theyiu from the bataylle, And brynge theym towarde the niouiitayne nyghe to 4 the cyte, For I Avolde take hit yf I maye / or elles Turnus shaH: fyghte wyth me " / And they dyde soone as Eneas hadde commaunded theym ; They made tlieyr folke for to drawe towarde the w'alles of the 8 towiie or cyte / and broughte ladders w^yth theym / Eneas was a- fore, and cryed on hyghe to kynge Latyne / that fuH yHe he kejijte his couuenanntes.
H Amonge theym wythiii the cyte, moeued thenne a 12 grete dyscorde and varyaunce. For some wolde haue opened the gates to Eneas ; But theother wolde not soo / but wolde defende the londe ayenste hym / For they heelde theym selfe of turnus partye : 1 G
^ How the quene Amatha hanged herselfe by dyssperacyon : Capitulum Ixj
WHan Amatha sawe the thynge goo thus / and apperceyued the ladders that the troians dyde 20 sette vppe to the walles / And the fyre that they casted in-to the cyte, and sawe not Turnus that sholde defende her / "Wherefor she wende that he hadde be slayne, Thenne hadde she her thoughte sore 24 troubled / And anone she wente in-to a chambre Avythoute companye / and toke the lyffe from her, and hanged her selfe. And whan the tydynges therof Avere knowen in the towne, they w' ere soo affrayed, that lytyH 28 deffence was made there. Who thenne hadde seen Lauyne puHyng and rentyng her yelowe heeres,* hadde hadde of her grete pyte / And kynge Latyne, that more aba?shed was than Lauyne, rented his roobes / And 32 pulled of his heeres. And blamed hym selfe ryght sore that he hadde not gyuen his doughter to Eneas / Duryng this, Turnus vnderstode the grete
CU. LXII.] TURNUS COMES TO FIGHT AENEAS SINGLY. 161
sorov/e that was made wytliin the cyte, by a kiiyghte cap. lxii. of his th;it was smyten wyth a glayue thoruglie the thyhe, and came ayeiiste liyiu as faste as he inyghte
4 spore and -n-aloppe his horse / And sayd / " Turnus ! haue mercy on thy men / For in the is oure laste hope / Eneas fyghteth harde ayenste the cyte, And threteneth aH tlie towres to be broughte doun / And .
8 wytte, that he dooth fyre to be caste in-to the towne / a Knigut tells
Turnus, wlio
And the kynge Latyne blanieth hyni selfe moche, and returns to
' Lauruntuui.
knoweth not what he shali do / But to tourne hym selfe ayenste tlie wyth Eneas, and gyue hym botlie his
12 doughter and his royame. And that more is, Amatlia the queene, that loued the so moche, and tliat was to the so good a frende, hathe kyHed her self, her owne hande, wherof tlie towne is sore moeued /And afore Latimisre-
16 the gates is noon of thin that defendeth aj'^enst the troyens, Sauff Mesapus and AcyHas ; they withstande and kepe thentre ayenst the batayHes of the troyens / And thou art here, gawrynge about nought." Whan
20 Tiu'nus herde the 8aine, he was ashamed, and ryght sore wrothe, and on-angerd / And loked toward the cytee, and sawe the flame of the fyre within the towne. whan he saw that, he lyghted doune from his charyot, and who goes to tue
city gate to light
24 went toward the gate where were the grete batayHes. Aeneas singly. Tlienne beganne he to make a signe to hys men that they sholde drawe backe, For he wolde fight for ihejnn with Eneas, hande to liande In a felde, as it was
28 deuysed afore /
^ *How Eneas & Turnns faugbt, body to [»ieafL5] body, In a felde, one geynst tbe otber. M (Japitulum Lxij :
32 A Noone as Eneas herde turnus si)eke / he made
noo taryingc atte alie, but went assoone Aeneas and as he myglit toward the felde / and lefte the "'""^ '° ' ' sawtyng of the waH(is and of the toures that they
A
ENEYUOS. M
162
DEATH OF TURXUS. AENEAS WINS LAVINIA. [CH. LXIII.
Turnus is over- come anfl cries for mercy.
CAP. LXiii. hadde enuayshed. Thenne departed from the assawte All go to see the the 0116 partye & the other, for to see the batayHe
tight between
Aeneas and of the two barons. Eneas and Turnus were bothe
Turnus.
In the felde aH alone, weH appareylled, and ap- 4 xoched eche other ryght harde, lyke two bnHes / and drewe out theyre sharps swerdes / Thenne was there noo sparynge. But that enerych of theim smote his enniye, so that y^ sheldes Avherwith-aH they couered 8 theymselfe, were aHe to-hewen and broken alle to peces / the batayHe was fyerse and crnelle, for they hated eche other ryght sore / But atte the laste, turnus was ouer- comme / and he cryed mercy to eneas, that he sholde 12 not slee hym. And wytte, that Eneas sholde haue pardoned hym that thai he hadde mysdoon ayenst hym, if it had not be the rynge & the gyrdeil of palas, that turnus dyde were vpon hym ; for whan eneas dyd see 16 theym / the sorowe that he made for y^ dethe of Palas, that turnus had slayne, was renewed in his herte / whiche redoubled thenne hys grete WTathe / and sayde to turnus, " thou shalt abye now^e the gladnes that thou 20 had of the dethe of Palas / For thou shalt here deye for his sake " / And anoone he shoued his swerde thrughethe body of hym, wherout hys so wle departed / AH thus was conquered aHe Lombardye, and the puceHe 24 Lauyne, by the hande of eneas /
Aeneas sees the ring and girdle of Pallas on Turmis, and slays him,
and conquers Lombardy and the damsel Lavinia.
Supplement by 1[ How eneas wedded Lauyne, and hadde
the writer.
the Royalme of Ytalye.
IT Capitulum / Lxiij 28
I^oone as Turnus was slayne / his frendes de- parted ryght sory and wrothe / And many other wyth theym / that loued hym for his proesse. H The kynge Latyne, that was ryght sore of his grete 32 niyschaunce, Came to Eneas / his noble men wyth hym, and gaff hym his doughter / and aH his royame / And receyued hym wyth grete loye / and thenne was
[»leaf L 5, back]
Turniis's friends depart in sorrow.
Latinns gives his daughter to Aeneas.
I
CH. LXIV.] AENEAS WEDS LAVINIA. HIS WARS AND DEATH. 1G3
the peas made towarde tlieyra that hadde be agayiistc cap. lxiv. hym / Anone the troians and tlie latynes togyder The bodies are
burieil, and
wente for to brenne and reduce to asshes, bodyes ded Aeneas, 4 tliat were yet in the feeldes / And whan that was doon / tlie quene Camula was sente in-to her londe, and tlie quene Amatha was rychely broughte to her sepulture. Thcnne was ceassed aH the sorowe thoroughe 8 aH the royame of ytnlye. Eneas, that had hadde many a sore peyne by the space of seuen yeres syth that after seven yeare he came from Troye, toke to his Avyff Lauyne, the manies Lavinia. doughter of kynge Latyne, that heelde laurence, the 12 maystresse cyte of lombardye atte that tyme / And moche loye was there made atte theyr weddynge /
IF How kyog Latyne deceasscd / And Eneas
soone after hym / And how Ascanyus was
16 called lulyus. Capitulum Ixiiij
Fter this, abode not longe^ but that the kynge
Latynus deyed / and deceassed oute of this mor- Latinus dies.
A' talle worlde/Thenne heelde Eneas aH the royame; and wais witii' 20 But werres ynoughe he hadde there. For IMerencyus, siciiy. that heelde Cecylle, Averred ayenste hym / But Eneas vaynquysshed hym not / By cause that dethe toke hym Aencas's deatu. sooner than he wende. But after the deth of Eneas, 24 his sone Ascanyus faughte wyth Merencyus, body *to [*ieafL6] body, & slewe hym /and the?mc he was called ascanyus iulyus, by cause hys fyrste berde was but yonge whan His son
, , 1111 Ascani us Slavs
he slewe Mezencyum / whan eneas had brought y'' Mezentius.
28 lojide in peas, & had delyuered it from grete myserye / the dethe that noo body spareth, ranne hym vpon In suche a manere / that noo body coude neuere knowe ModeofAeneas's how he lo.ste his lyifu / Some sayon that he was slayne
32 wyth the thondcr boltc; the other sayen that the goddes hadde rauyshed hym / the other sayen hys body was founde wythin a ponde or a water that is nyghe the
^ ori<j. louge
M 2
164
ASCANIUS AND SYLVIUS TOSTUMUS.
[CH. LXV.
CAP. LXV.
Supplement.
AscaniBs succeeds his father.
His brother, by Laviiiiii, Sylvius Postuuius.
[•leafLC, back]
Doubtful whether Ascaiiius or Svlvius fdundert Alba.
From AscaiiWis to Romulus all the kings are suniaiiied Sylvius,
toiiyre, whiche is called Munycum of theym of the countreye / Eneas lyued but thre yere after that he hadde wedded Lauyne, the doughter of kyngc Latyne, thus as we haue saido. 4
H How Ascanyus lielde the royalme of Ytalye after the dethe of Eneas hys fader. H Capitulum. Lxv
AFter the dethe of Eneas, helde the royalme Asca- 8 nyus hys sone, that he hadde of the doughter of the kynge Pryamus of Troye / And Lauyne abode grete wyth chylde of a sonne ; Wherfore she doubted sore lest that Ascanyus sholde make hym deye, In 12 treyson, for to holde aHe the Eoyalme / Therfore was she ryght sory / And for feere that she hadde of it / She fledde awaye In-to the forest, wythyn the lodges of Errorus, that Avas a pastour ; And there she was, tyHe 16 that she was delyuered of her sone, that hadde to narce Syluyus postumus / "Whan Ascanyus Aviste Avhere hys stepmoder was goon, and tliat she hadde a sone whiche was hys brother / he sent her Avorde that she sholde 20 comme to hym wythout eny feere / She rctourned, & came ayen to her stepsone ascani?/.-*, berynge her son siluyus betAvene her amies : ascanyus gafie, by y cou?i- seill of hys * barons of his londe, to his brother 24 Sy]uyum,tlie cyteof LaAvrence Avyth the appartenaunces. Ascanyus buylded firste the toAvne or cyte of Albe in lombardye. And there Avas his resortynge / by the space of xxxviij. yeres that he heelde hys reygne, 28 after the dethe of hys fader Eneas. And of thys cyte ben many in doubte Avho buylde it vppe, Ascanyus, or elles Syluyus postunus his brother / By cause that aH the kynges of Lombardye that Avere syth Ascanyus, 32 vnto Eomulus that founded Eome, hadde to name Syluyus, for the hyghnesse of hym that fyrste heelde and buylded Albe. This Syluyus Avas ryght valyaunte /
CH. LXV.] LIST OF ALBAN KINGS. SUrPLEMENT. 165
and niayntcnctl ^ve^ the royanio / And therforc aH cap. lxv. they tliat caine after liym were called Syluyus / lyke asaiitheemre-
nirsaftcT Aiifius-
as after Cesar Augustus / for his worth vnesse, aH: the tus were (:aUu<i
° ' ^ ' Augustus.
4 emperours of rome that were after hym are named Augustus. Ascanyus hadde a sone that called was Ascanius leaves
a son Julius,
lulyus / but whan Ascanyus deyed, lulyus was to yong I'ut syivius for to rewle the royame / And thcrfore he eaaff hit to !;i''"uiit of
•^ ' ° Julius's extreme
8 Syluyus postunus, his brother, by Eneas his fader, >''>«'■'»• whicheho loued moche,and taughtehym weHand chas- tysed hyui weH: as longe as he was a lyue / H And wytte, that after that he was ded / the queue Lauyne 12 hadde a sone by Melompodes, that hadde to name Latynus siluyua After Ascanyus, regned Syluyus postunus his brother IT Of lulyus, the sone of Ascanyus, From Julius is
descended
yssued lulyen / of whom descended lulyus Cesar / JuHus csesar.
•' •' ' J I p;.,„^ Pharaoh's
16 And knowe, that from the tyme that the children of time, and the
•' deliverance ot
ysrahel came oute of thraldome fro the kynge of the Israelites, to
•' JO Ascanuis, tliere
Egypte, Pharao, wha?i they passed the red see / vnto l'!™,,^!"]';^ ^r
Ascanyus tyme, that was ^ kyng of Lombarde, was ^^'^ ^''^'""'*- 20 CCCC.lxvij. yeres / After Syluyus postunus that was kyng xxix. yeres / helde the royame, latynus syluyus .1 yeres. in the tyme that eneas & his sone *Ascauyus [* leaf L 7]
came in lombardye, regned in Iherusalem kynge Dauyd, David reigned
niicici-Ni 1 1 ji in Jerusalem
24 the fader of balamon, that the scrypture prayseth soo when Aeneas
and Ascanius
moche. After Latynus Syluynus, regned m lombardye came to Italy. Arbasylyus xxix. yeres / After hym, regned Egystus siluyus xxvij. yeres. After, regned Cajjys siluyus xxiij.
28 yere / After, regned Ehiberynus syluynus viij yeres. After, regned Capestus xiij yere / After, regned Syluynus agryppa Ix. yeres ^ In this tyme was Omerus moche Homer, made of / and renommed of scyence in Greke / After
32 Agryppa, regned Armelyus syluynus xix. yeres / This List of Aiban kynge was vnhappy, and was slayne wyth the thonder / After hym, dydo reyne Postyus siluynus / In this Fcmndaiion of
14ome.
kynges dayes, byganne the historyes of the romayns, ^ orlg. was was
166 C.VXTON TRANSLATED THE E!^EYDOS OUT OF FRENCH. [cH. LXV.
CAP. LXV. and of theyni tliat founded roome. But therof I sliaH: telle now noinore / but sliaH here make an ende of jj^^i_ this lytyH boke / named Eneydos :
This Fnej/dos was en^clisht from French by Wm. Caxton, on 22 June, 1490.
HERE fynyssheth the boke yf Eneydos / compyled 4 by Vyrgyle / whiche hathe be translated oute of latyne in to frenshe / And oute of frenshe reduced in to Eng- lysshe, by nie wyll/am Caxton / the xxij. daye of luyn, the yere of our lorde .M. iiij C txxxx. The fythe yere 8 of the Eegne of kynge Henry the seuenth.
[For the convenience of readers, modern stops have been put in this reprint, as well as Caxton's bars. His full stops for commas and semicolons have seldom been left. The article a has been separated from the substantives it was printed as part of. Separate portions of one word have been joined by hyphens. All contractions but ye have been expanded in italics. — F. J.F.]
1G7
INDEX.
By THOMAS AUSTIN.
[The follo^ying Dictionaries are referred to: — Cotgravk, French Diet. (1611), C; C4oDEFROY, Diet, de VAnc. Langue Franc, G.; New Emj. Diet. (1885, etc.), D.]
Abacke, abak, adv. putte abacke or
abak, repulsed, 152/5, 9- Abandouue, vb. t. forego (devoting
her life to lier men), 28/28. Abide, vh. int. remain fast, 2O/31. Above ; tyl lie be come to his aboue
of hjs entrepryse, i. e. succeed in
it, 119/3. Abstractyue, adj. abstract, mental,
46 /20 ; ideal, 104/6. Abysme, sb. abysm, abyss, 42/21.
0. Fr. Abysme. Accensed, j:9/). inflamed, 87/i2. Accorde, vb. t. arrange, bring to
conclusion, 51/8. Accumyle, vb. t. accumulate, I7/9. Acerbas, or Acerbe, otherwise named
Sycha3us, a Tyrian of rank, hus- band to Dido, 25/6, is slain by
order of Pygmalion, 25/32. Acesta, or New Tro}^ otherwise
Segesta, is founded by Aeneas in
Sicily, 115. Acestes, King of Sicily, 96, receives
Aeneas gladly, 114; is bidden
farewell, 116. Achieued, j^jjj. completed, I/2. Fr.
Achevcr. Achieuement, sb. completion, full
ending, I/15. Fr. Achevement. Acren, a Trojan, slain by Mezeutius,
142/29. Adcerteyned, pp. assured, 59/30.
0. Fr. Acertentr. Certitie, assure.
— C. Adioust, vb. t. give, put, 24/5. 0.
Fr. Adjouster. To adde, adioyne,
set, or put vnto. — C. Adlegacyon, sb. allegation, 112/1. Admonest, vb. t. admonish, warn,
41/8, 44/19, 67/17. 0. Fr. Ad-
monestcr.
Admonestement, sb. admonishment, warning, 22/i4, 26/13, 41/i4. 0. Fr. Adm07iestcme)d.
Adresse, vb. adressed hym, turned himself, 137/ 18.
Adriane, or Ariadne, 118. See Ariadne.
Adueneraent, sb. 0. Fr. Advene- ment. A chance, or hap. — C. II/23.
Aduysion, sb. vision, 82/lo. O. Fr. Advision, avision. Vision, dream.
Aegeus, King of Athens, his tribute to Minos, 117; drowns himself, 119.
Aeneas escapes from T103', carrying his father, Anchises, 14 ; sails for Thrace, 15 ; begins to build Aeneia, 16 ; sacrifices on Poly- dore's grave, 17; sails from Thrace, 22 ; his fleet is overtaken by a tempest, 39 ; wrecked on the coast of Lybia, 40 ; Dido falls in love with him, 47 ; meets Dido in a cave, 56 ; reports spread abroad of them, 58 ; Mercury delivers him a message from Jupiter, commanding him to sail for Italy, 64 ; he orders his men to depart secretly, 65 ; Dido tries to persuade him to stay, 67 ; is bidden by lier to go, with curses, 73; lie will not delay his depar- ture, 78 ; has a vision to hasten it, 93 ; sails from Carthage, 95 ; is driven to Sicily, 96 ; his arrival there, 114; celebrates games at his father's tomb, 115; founds New Troy, or Acesta, 115; sails for Italy, 116; lauds at Cumas, 116 ; goes down to Avernus, 120 ; arrives at the land of King Latinus, 120; begins to build a
168
INDEX.
fortress on tlie Tonyre, or Tiber, 122 ; sends an embassy to King Latinus, 123 ; lias presents sent back to liini, 126 ; fray between liis men and those of Turnus, 129 ; lie goes to seek succour from Evander, 130 ; Turnus lays siege to his camp, burns his ships, 132 ; Aeneas arrives with a large force in aid, 139 ; a battle takes place, 140 ; wounds Mezentius, and slays Lausus, 143 ; kills Mezentias, 144 ; proposes single combat with Turnus, 146 ; comes before the city of Laurentum, 151 ; repulses the Latins, 151 ; agrees to fight a single combat with Turnus, 156 ; the battle is renewed, 157; Aeneas's prowess therein, 158 ; fights in single combat with Turnus, and slays him, winning Lavinia, 161, 162 ; marries Lavinia, 162 ; succeeds King Latinus, 163 ; dies, 163.
Aeneia, a town in Chalcidice, in Macedonia, founded by Aeneas, 16/IO.
Aeolus, God of the winds, with Neptune, raises a storm to hinder Aeneas, 39.
Affectuously, adv. heartily, 36/i3. 0. Fr. Affectueux.
Afflige, vh. t. afflict, 78/29. Fr. AffLiger.
Affryque, Africa, 30/i2. Fr. Afrique.
Agamenmon besieges Troy, 11.
Agathyrsus, a town in Crete, 54/ 20.
Aget, vh. t. get hold of, 55/36.
Agrippa, or Argyrippa, a city in Apulia, 146/35.
Agrounde, on the ground, 144/26.
Ahighe, adv. on high, to the upper regions, 62/28 ; ahyghe, with a loud voice, 147/7.
Aienst, ^97'ep. against, 145/33.
Alba, a city in Latium, tounded, 164.
Alegement, sh. 0. Fr. AUegement. A lightning, disburdening, easing. — C. 14/30.
Alle a longe, fully, at full length, 23/33.
Alle to-broken, 40/6 ; alle to- cratclied (or scratched), IO7/13; alle to-cutte, 49/28 ; al to-renteth, 90/19 ; •'ill to-shaketh, 86/3 ; alle to-tourne,49/3i ; i.e. quite broken, quite scratched, bescratched, etc.
Amaritude, sb. bitterness, sorrow, 77/23, 92/28. 0. Fr. Amaritude.
Amata, wife of Latinus, tries to dissuade Turnus from fi.;hting Aeneas, 155 ; hangs herself, 160. She was related to Turnus.
Aminicules, as adj. 0. Fr. Ad- minicide. An aid, b.elpe, sup- port, prop. — C. 47/1. See D., Adminicle.
Amyte, sh. amity, friendship, 12/l6, 19/17, 30/34. 0- Fr. Amitee.
An-angred, pp. enraged, r27/i6; 140/21 ; an-angryd, I28/19.
Anchandron, an island (Antander), 15/32 ; on the coast of Troas.
Anchises, father of Aeneas, is camied from Troy by his son, 1, 14; dies on the passage from Troy to Libya, 40 ; is buried in Sicily, 96, 114.
Ancus iMartius, 121.
Anemste, prep, anent, concerning, towards, 67/30.
Anguysshous, adj. piercingly sor- rowful. O. Fr. Angoisseux. Full of anguish. — C. 25/15.
Anna, or Anne, sister of Dido, is her confidant, 41 ; replies to Dido, 43; sent to induce Aeneas to sta}', 77 ; is sent for by Dido, in her grief, 84 ; is desired to pre- pare a pyre, 86 ; laments her sister's death, 107. See Dido.
Antheledo, a monster, the brother of Fame, 67/24.
Anychil, vh. t. annihilate, 82/33. 0. Fr. Adnichiler.
Anyus, or Aruns, a Trojan, 152/32, slays Camilla.
Aourned, pp. adorned, decked, 15/5. O. Fr. Aorner, aourner.
Aperceyue, vh. t. perceive, 79/i2 ; apperceyue, 79/ 16.
Apollo is sacrificed to by Aeneas, 46/32 ; account of him, 54.
Apparaylle, vh. t. prepare, 17/2o; appareylle, 102/6. Fr. Appa-
INDEX.
169
reiJIer. To prepare ; to make readie. — C. Apparejl, appareylle, sb. prepara- tion, 48/8, 53/9, 98/9 ; apparatus, requisites, 95/17. Appareil. Pre- liaration, provision, readie-niak- ing ; a decking, dressing. — C.
Appayre, vi. t. impair, IIO/3.
Apposite, adj. opposite, opposed, 46/7. 0. Fr. Apposite.
Appropred, pp. assigned, appro- priated, 4/13.
Approued, pp. proved, 86/32.
Apropre, vh. t. appropriate, accom- modate, 74/25.
Aquysycion, sh. acquisition, II2/9.
Arache, vh. t. pluck up by the roots, 18/25,18/34. Fr.Arracher. See D., Arace, Arache.
Arbytre, sb. free arbytre. Arhitre, libertie of iudgement, freedome of thouglit.— C. 43/27,44/21.
Arcadia, I3O/19.
Ardea, I42/23.
Arenouse, adj. lupyter arenouse (or of the desert sands), 59/15.
Argyrippa, or Arpi, an ancient city in Apulia, said to have been founded by Diomedes, I46/35.
Ariadne, daughter of Minos, con- sults Daedalus about saving Theseus from the Minotaur, 118 ; flees with Theseus, 119.
Armure, sh. armour, 86/21. Fr. Arviure.
Arnus, a Trojan, 152/32.
Arouse, vh. t. bedew, besprinkle, wet, 19/34. 0. Fr. Arouser. M. F. A7-roser. See D., Arrouse.
Arrest, vh. t. Fr. Arrester. To determine, decree, resolve of. — C. 84/6.
Arrettyd, pp. cruelte arrettyd, de- termined cruelty, 19/22 ; comp. preceding word, and M. Fr. Arreter.
Arteres, sh. windpipe, &c., 64/31.
Aruspycyous, adj. haruspicious, prognosticative, 8O/30.
Ascanius, son of Aeneas, called also lulus, 14, 48/32 ; rescues the ships, 115; laughs at their trenchers being eaten, 122 ; has an unlucky hunt, 127 ; declines
fighting, 132 ; slays Tolumnius, 159; succeeds his father, 163; his reign, 164. Ascrye, vh. t. call upon, 129/17 !
call forth, challenge, 132/21 ; vb.
int. cry out, IO5/15. Asperly, adv. rouglily, 55/34. Asperse, vh. t. sprinkle, 88/24. Assemble, sh. co)ijunction, imion,
40/24 j joiiiiriff of l)attle, 150/21. Assoylled, ^52^ absolved, II3/25. Assyduatly, adv. assiduately, assi- duously, 26/i. Astate, sb. state, 49/i2; position,
rank, 124/5. 0- Fr. Estat. Atheleto, or Alecto, one of the
Furies, 8I/31. Atlas bears up the heavens, 62/36,
84/31. Attyre, vh. t. attract, draw on, 28/
35. Fr. Attircr. Atyse, vh. t. move, stir, 45/29 ! f>f
a woman stirred with love, Al lib.
Fr, Attiser. To kindle (a fire) ;
to stirre the fire. Attiser le feu
avec I'espee. To provoke an
angry person. — C. 0. Fr. Aiiser. Auguremcnt, sh. augury, 72/29.
0. Fr. Augurement. Aulite, or Aulis, 76/24. The Greeks
assembled their forces for the
Trojan expedition here. Auncyen, adj. ancient, 29/29. Fr.
Ande7i. Aurora, goddess of the Dawn, 96/
29. Autentyke, adj. self-made ; of the
walls of Troy, which rose to the
sound of Apollo's lyre, 31/21.
Fr. Authentique. Awayt, vh. expect, 45/9. Awrye, adv. behold awry, i. e. with
ill will, 109/24. Awter, sb. altar, 47/9 ! awtier, 88/3.
0. Fr. Alder, Autier. Axtre, sb. axletree, axis, 84/31. Ayen, adv. again, 35/4, ^2/33. Ayenst, prep, against {to the
winds), 75/34; ayenste, I8/30.
Bacchus, 46/32.
Baratc, sb. O. Fr. Barat. Clieat-
ing, deceit, guile, in bargaining.
— C. 27/10, 65/34. Sec D., Barrat.
170
INDEX.
Barbaire, adj. barbarous, 33/23.
Fr. Barhare. Barbaryn, adj. barbarian, 36/33. Barce, Dido's old nurse, 102, 103, Bardies, Burca, in Africa, 45/2. Barreys, sh. barrace, barriers, 123/io. Basse, adj. base, low, 4I/26. Fr,
Bus. Bastelle, sh. BastiUe. A fortresse,
or castle, furnished with towers.
— C. 20/9, Apparently here used
for any mansion. See D., Bastide. Bataylle, sb. battalion, division of
an army, 153/i8, 159/32. Beaulte, sh. beautv, 34/25, 37/i.
0, Fr. Bealte. Mod. Fr. Beauts. Befalle, sh. accident, IO8/13. Begraue, vh. t. bury, 96/23. Belus, father of Dido, 25/i. Beh% sh. belly, depths of the sea,
28 'a Bend, sh. band, fillet, 21/i8. Better, adv. more, rather, I2/28,
.21/34. Bienewrous, adj. happy, 25/i7. 0.
Fr. Beneureux. Mod. Fr. Bien-
heureux. Boccaccio's Fall of Nobles, 22. Bolcus, slaj'S Euryalus, and is slain
by IS'isus, 137. Botom, sh. bottom, ball of thread,
II8/36. Brack, sh. brach, a hound that hunts
by scent, 53/i6. Brackener, sb. a servant that leads
a brach, 53/6. Brawdrye, sh. embroidery, 53/32.
Fr. Broderie. Braye, vb. int. creak, groan, 78/io;
roar (of waves), 96/2. Brokelynges, sb. brokelings, frag- ments, 122/6. Brule, vb. t. burn, 94/21. Fr.
Bruler. See D., Broil. Brutus, the Consul, 121, Bruyt, sh. bruit, disturbance, 4I/32. Brj'ef, adj. in bryef, in epitome,
briefly, 22/20. Bussj'ue, sh. trumpet, 150/ 16. Lat.
Buccina. Byfalle, sh. befall, case, 65/7. Byshop, sh. priest, I52/24. Byspoken, ^ijiL adj. well byspoken,
of good speech, 4O/17.
Bysprange, vb. t. besprinkled, 16/ 31, 35/25. See D., Bespreng.
Bystorye, sh. bistourj', dagger, 63/ 28. 0. Fr. Bistorie.
Bywayllenges, sb. bewailings, la- mentations, 35/36.
Bywepte, adj. blubbered, disfigured with weeping, I5/17, 19/l.
Cadinus, or Cadynus, 1. e. Cadmus of Thebes, inventor of letters, 82/13. .
Calompniouse, adj. calumnious, 97/1.
Camilla, daughter of King Metabus, seeks a combat with Aeneas, 150, 151 ; is slain by Aruns, 153.
Canulla. See Camilla.
Capitalle, adj. capital, deadly, 106/
Carfe, vh. t. carfe waie (of ships),
carve their way, 96/5. Caroyne, sh. carrion, putrid flesh,
21/27. Cartagycns, Carthaginians, 32/ 12. Carthage, founded by Dido, 23/i2,
31 ; Aeneas arrives there, 40. Carton, or Tarchon, I39/25. Castymonye, sb. chastity, 36/28,
Lat. Castimonia, or Castimonium. Caucasus, mount, 71/io. Cause, sb. corse, 21 /3. Caytyue, adj. caitiff, wretched, 91/5.
0. Fr. Caitif. Ceasse, sb. cease, ceasing, 58/6 ;
quiet, rest, 9O/4. Celebreed, i^p. celebrated, 86/22.
Fr. Cele'brer. Certayne, sh. in certayne, in cer- tainty, 45/13. Certain. A cer-
taintie, certaine truth, surenesse,
assurednesse. — C. Cesseth, ceaseth, 58/7. Fr. Cesser. Chaflred, 2^p. lieated, fired with love,
52/4. Fr. Chauffer. Chare, sh. car, I26/31. Fr. CJiaire.
Ijat. Carruni. Charmouse, adj. enchanting, 88/6.
O, Fr. Charmeux: comp. Charm-
eusement. Charmingly, inchaunt-
ingly.— C. Chasse, vb. t. chace, hunt, 5I/36 ;
drive, 96/36. Fr. Chasser. Chasshe, sb. chace, hunting, 52/i4.
INDEX.
171
Cliicke, sh. cheek, II2/30; cliykes,
104/9. Chireherde, sb. churchyard, 8O/20. Chloreus, or Cleonis, a priest
(bishop) at Troy, 152. Choruscac3'on, sb. coruscation,
flashing, 62/9. Chyuannche, sb. 0. Fr. Clievance.
Ciieuisance, wealth, substance,
riches, goods. — C. 22/28. Cicyle, Sicily, 96/21. Fr. Sidle. Cirte rcgyon, the Sj'rtes ; gulfs on
north coast of Africa, 44/34. Clemence, sb. Fr. Clemence. Cle-
mencie, benignitie, pitie. — C.
22/10, 97/33. Cleonis, 152. Cloanthus, is bidden by Aeneas to
help in preparing the fleet for
leaving Carthage, 65/13. Clotho, one of the Fates, 8I/35. Clyraate, sb. climate, 24/34. Fr.
Climat. A clyme, or Clj'mate ;
a Portion of the world. — C. Clytemnestra, wife of Agamemnon,
83/i I. With the aid of Aegisthus
she murdered him. Coagulate, ^'p. compounded, IO3/32. Coagule, vb. t. bring together, 82/2.
Compare post-classic Coac/uhim,
bond, or tie. Cogvtyue, adj. thinking, reasoning,
104/3. Coll, vb. t. embrace, 48/35. 0. Fr.
Coler. Comp. Colle'e, a necke-
imbracement, an imbracing. — C.
See also D., Accoll. Coloque, vb. t. speak with, address,
121 ig. Lat. (JvUoqnor. Comnumyque, vb. int. communicate,
have communications. Fr. Com-
muniquer. To talke, or commune
with.— C. 6I/26. Connnynycacyon, sb. communica- tion, 3/6. Commyse, vb. t. commit, 19/20, 20/
7,42/15. Compatyble, ad], congenial, sym- pathetic, 78/23. Complexion, sb. moral nature, 23/
28; habit of body, 85/14; coni-
plexcyoii, 109/17. Conclude, vb. t. bring to a state of,
36/2 ; determine, settle, 131/io.
Concupyssible, adj. desirable, to be
coveted, I5/23. Fr. Concupiscible.
Concussyon, sb. shaking, buifeting,
39/4. Fr. Concussion. Condicylle, sb. codicil, IOO/37, Condolaunt, adj. condoling, 78/28. Coiuluytte, sb. conduct, manage- ment, 51/31. 0. Fr. Condnide. A manriging, or handling. — C. Conduytte, vb. t. conduct, 54/8. Conthnttor, sb. conductor, 95/24. Confyte in teeros, foul with weep- ing, 78/i8. ConJH, souille. — G. Connestable, sb. commander-in- chief, 160/ 1. Coimexe, si. tie, bond, 47/1. 0. Fr. Connexe : comp. Cuiuiexer, at- taclier, Her ensemble. — G. Consecracyon, sb. burial, apotheosis,
98/5. Conseille, vb. t. advise, 88/21. Consommacion, sb. consummation,
completion, 22/i. Conspyracion, sb. conspiracy, 76/26. Contrare, adj. contrary, 102/21. Fr.
Gontraire. Contrarye, vb. t. thwart, oppose,
42/26. Fr. Contrarier. Contreste, vb. t. withstand, struggle against, 96/17 ! contryste, 50/2, 0. Fr. Contrester. Contryste, 2^2^- sad, IO5/24. Contryste, vb. t. make sad, 8O/17, 34. Fr. Contrister. To grieve, sadden, afllict, make sorrowfull. ^ — C. Conturbed, |7;3. perturbed, agitated,
upset, 70/16. Fr. Contitrbcr. Conuenable, adj. suitable, 56/30.
Fr. Convenab/e. Conuencyon, sb. meeting, 5O/7. O. Fr. Convention, action de venir. — G. Cordage, sb. of wrinkles, &c., shew- ing as cords, 110/3J. Corpus, sb. corpse, 143/31, 145/8. Corrige, vb. t. correct, 89/23. ^r.
Corriger. Corroye, vb. f. 0. Fr. Conroj/cr, Corroi/er, Cvurroyer. To currie, tawe, or dresse, as leather. — C. 30/ 1 6. Costume, sb. custom, 86/17. 0- ^^^'- Costume.
172
Conenablc, adj. suitable, 84/3. Fr.
Convenahle. 0. Fr. Covenuhle. Couenaunce, sh. covenant, I5G/24. Couenaiince, vh. t. give by agree- ment, affiance, I26/7. Couer, vb. t. couereth . . of =
covereth . . with, 70/ii. Coiietyse, sh. covetonsness, 26/29. Coulpable, adj. culpable, guilty, 89/
16. 0. Fr. Couljyahle. Counterfette, adj. counterfeit, ill- made, 49/24. Couuerte, adj. covert, secret, sly,
41/27. Coward, adj. cowardly, I32/23. Fr.
Couard. Cramoysin, sb. 0. Fr. Cramoisi.
Crimson colour. — C. 63/31.
Cremoj^sin, 68/32. Crampon, sb. cramp. Fr. Crampon.
A Cranip-yron. — C. 39/14. Crayntyue, adj. Fr. Craintif.
Timerous, bashfull. — C. 37/io. Cressettes, sb. cressets. 0. Fr.
Craisset. Torches covered with
pitch, that the watch carried at
night. — G. 94/21. Creusa, wife of Aeneas, escapes
from Troy with him, 14, 15 ; is
sister to Polydore, 2O/3. Cronykes, sb. 0. Fr. Croniques,
Chroniques. Chronicles, Anuales.
— C. 24/8. Crosseles, adj. crossless, with
straight handle, 63/29. Crusa, daughter of Priam. See
Creusa. Cryspyne, a goddess, I2O/15. Crystall, sh. crystal, I6/29. Cullynge, sh. colling, embracing,
67/25. Culpe, sb. fault. 0. Fr. Coidpe. A
fault, offence.— C. 28/23. Cumaj, 116, 120. See Enlyola. Cupid, 50/10. Curtoys, adj. Fr. Courtois ; ise.
Courteous, gentle, debonaire. —
C. 40/16.
Cymphe, sh. sacrificial cup, 22/2. Cyprus is reached by Dido in her
flight, 29. Cyrcuyte, sb. Fr. circuit. A circuit,
compasse, going about. — C. 31/
23-
Cyuj le, adj. civil, public, belonging to the state, 14/ 14.
Daedalus flees to Italy, from Crete,
II6/33 ; constructs the labyrinth
for JMinos, 117 ; gives advice how
to kill the Minotaur, 118 ; is im- prisoned by Minos, 119; makes
wings for himself and his son,
and thus escapes, 119. Damoiselle, sb. damsel, 128/4 ;
damoysell, I27/17: the word
also was applied to the daughter
of a king. Dampnable, adj. damnable, con-
demnable, blameworthy, 44/4. ^^•
Fr. dampnable. Darda, or Ardea, I42/23. Dardanus, first king of Troy, 66/15,
124 Debonayr, adj. courteous, affable,
gentle, 21/8; debonnayr, 22/io. Decease, vb. int. decease, die, 131/28. Deceyuable, adj. 0. Fr. Decevahle.
Deceiuable, deceitfuU. — C. 19/22,
73/2. Decore, vh. t. decorate, adorn, 24/
31. Fr. D^corer. Dedied, pp. celebrated, 47/6 ; ded-
yed, dedicated, 36/ 16. Fr. Dedie. Dedj'cte, sb. ? meaning, 24/13. Deed, adj. dead, 19/2. Defendyng: In my body defendyng,
Fr. A mon corps defendant, against
my wdll, 86/13. Deffaylle, vh. Fr. Defaillir. Wax
feeble, faile.-C. 48/4. Deffyaunce, sh. defiance, mistrust,
101/9. Fr. Ddjiance. Defoyle, defoylle, vh. t. defile, 20/ 1,
102/2. Degre, degree, sh. step, of ancestry,
11/3; stairs, IO4/14. Fr. Degre. Delibere, vb. t. deliver, 99/9. Comp.
0. Fr. Deliberation, deliverance. Delices, sh. Fr. Delices. Delights,
pleasures, pastimes. — C. 59/2. Delon, or Delos, 54/i8. Delybere, vb. Fr. Deliberer. To
deliberate, aduise, consult. — C. 1/
27. Delybere, vb. t. deliver, 76/27 !
Comp. 0. Fr. Deliberation, de-
livrancc. — G.
INDEX.
173
Demcane, vh. t. brinjs:, I8/28 ; give fortli, utter, 26/9. O. Fr. Demoter.
Depart, vh. t. distribute, IOI/34 ; separate, 129/26, 144/31.
Depidracyon, sh. bewailing, distress,
15/12.
Deprecatyuo, adj. prayerful, 37/lo.
JDeprecatif, adj. qui a I'liabitude
de prior. — G. Desered, pp. desired, .32/2. Desiderable, adj. desirable, 64/15.
Fr. Desiderable. Despyte, sb. debasement, 28/35.
0. Fr. Despit. IMepris, houte,
liumiliation. — G. Destourne, vb. t. unliarbour game
for huntinp-, turn aside, 55/4. O-
Fr. Destonrner, Turiie, divert,
distract, withdraw, remove. — C. Destournynge, sh. unliarbouring, 55/
28. See preceding. Destylled, distilled, let drop, 87/3. Dcstynacye, sh. destiny, fate, 45/i4,
52/18,70/20. Destynate, pp). destinated, ordained,
20/35.
Destyne, sh. strong purpose, or will, as of fate, 8I/19. 0. Fr. Destine.
Destyne, vh. t. To destyne his berthe, make decrees about his birth, predestinate, 41 /i 9.
Detractiue, adj. slanderous, dis- paraging, 23/5. Detradif, adj. medisant. — G.
Deturpacyon, sb. distignrement, 109/33. ^- Fr. Deturpacion, en- laidissement. — G.
Denote, adj. devout, 59/ 18. Fr. D^vot.
Deuoyr, sh. duty, 15/i ; endeavour, 38/17. Fr. Devoir.
Deuysion, sb. division, ? quarreling, 51/24. 0. Fr. Dcvision.
Deye, t'&. die, 2fi/ii._
Deyfyque, adj. dcific, sent by the gods, 64/28. Fr. Deifiqne.
Dido, daugliter of Belus, is married to Sychajus, 25 ; her sorrow at liis murder, 20 ; leaves Tyre on account of it, 27 ; sails to Cyitrus, 29 ; settles in Africa, 30 ; builds Carthage, 31 ; is demanded in marriage, 34; consults her sister Anna on her love for Aeneas, 41 ;
is encouraged by her, 43 ; falls madly in love, 47 ; neglects Car- thage through her passion, 49 ; goes hunting, 53 ; seeks refuge from the storm in the same cave as Aeneas, 56 ; is desperate at his projected departure, 65 ; en- deavours to persuade him to stay, 67 ; reproaches him, 71 ; bids him depart with curses, 73 ; in distress sends for her sister. 75 ; her sufferings compared to those of Orestes, 83 ; sends again for her sister, 84 ; desires her to make a fire to burn Aeneas's armour, 86 ; goes thither with garlands, 87 ; invokes a witch, 88 ; her grief and rage at Aeneas's departure, 97 ; prays for evil to him, 100; prepares for death, 102 ; slays herself, .35, 106 ; her death struggles, 109 ; her beauty, 111 ; dies, 114 ; eulogium on her, 36.
Diffamye, sh. defame, infamj^, 108/ 16. 0. Fr. Diffamic, chose in- fame. — G.
Dileectacion, sh. dilectation, delight, pleasures of love, 64/i.
Diodorus Siculus, 4/6.
Diomedes, 6I/29 ; on his departure from Troy settles at Agrippa, or Argyrippa, 146.
Dioneus, or llioneus, a Trojan, is sent on an embassj' by Aeneas, 124 ; addresses King Latiuus, 125.
Disaraye, sh. disorder, IO7/4. Fr. De'sarrol.
Displaisir, sh. displeasure, 94/i6. 0. Fi\ DispleasiLve.
Dissonauut, a.dj. dissonant, at dis- cord, or enmity, 32/io.
Do, vh. make, cause ; do shewe, cause to shew, 2/13; do departe, make depart, 12/2 ; do sloe, cause to slay, or be slain, 25/32 ; dyd it to be taken, made it to l)c taken, 27/19; ^^^ alyauncc, make alliance, 50/2O.
Dolant, «f7j. O.Yr. Dvlent. Sorrow- full, heauie, greening; wretched, miserable. — C. 78/24, 93/2y. Dolaunte, 66/22.
174
INDEX.
Doled, afVi. ? infatuated, 67/4, 93/iS, 23. Tliis word seems conuected with 0. Fr. Doler, sotiffrir, wliicli is iu G. Coinp. Endullexl.
Domageons, adj. damagiug, de- structive, 13/23. ^- ^^- D(i'>najos, Domageus.
Dominage, sb. damage, 148/i8. Fr. Dommage.
Doubt, fh. t. fear, 133/24, 143/2, 153/ 10.
Doubtous, adj. doubtful, uncertain, 11/24; doubtouse, 65/8, 98/22. 0. Fr. Doubteux.
Dounbe, adj. dumb, IOO/15.
Dowayr, sb. dowry, 51/i ; dowayres, dowers, endowments, II/21. 0. Fr. DoUaire.
Drances, or Drastes, 149.
Draughte, sb. spell, stretch, in sing- ing, 80/2 5.
Dredefull, adj. full of fear, I8/12 ; dredfull, causing fear, IO3/29.
Dresse, vb. iiit. stand up, 64/30 ; dresse vp, set up, 138/i8. Fr. Dresser.
Dryopes, an aboriginal Greek tribe, 54/20.
Durynge, during, 98/25.
Dyane, or Diana, Fr. Diane, 88/22.
Dyete, sb. saying, 24/6. 0. Fr. . Diet.
Dyde were, did wear, 162/i6.
Dyftame, sb. defame, infamy, 110/ 18.
Dyfferencyng, differing, 24/i4.
Dyfferre, vb. t. defer, 77/ii. Fr. Differer.
Dyftyeyle, adj. difficult, I6/14. Fr. Difficile.
Dygne, adj. worthy, 24/9, 44/27. Fr. Digue.
Dylection, sb. dilection, love, I6/32,
44/22.
Dyseomfyte, pp. discomfited, de- feated,' 154/9.
Dyscoure, vh. t. discover, reveal. 0. Fr. Descouvrir. To discover, disclose. — C. 4I/3.
Dyscrease, vb. int. decrease, 2/23. 0. Fr. Descroistre.
Dyscute, vb. t. discuss, IIO/36.
Dysmoeuycd, pp- dismoved, dis- suaded, turned, 57/4.
Dyspense, sb. dispensation, 46/20.
Dysperacyon, sb. desperation, de- spair, IO8/19, 111/16.
Dysplaysaunte, adj. unhappy, or V displeasing, 73/24.
Dysploye, vb. t. unfold, loose, 95/15.
Dyssolucyon, sb. dissoluteness. O. Fr. Dissolution. Disorder, ex- cesse, loossenesse of conuersation.
— c. 23/29.
Dyssymule, vb. t. dissemble, hide, 65/i8, 71/35. Fr. Dissimnler
Dystempred, adj. stormy, 46/ 1.
Dystourne, vb. t. turn away, turn aside, 53/6, 74//. See Destonrne.
Edefye, vb. t. edify, build, 31/ 13.
Fr. Edifier. Egal, adj. equal, 4/30; Egall, 112/
19. Fr. Egal. Eggs : anecdote about Eggs and
Eyren, 2. Elysse, or Dido, 23/36. See Dido. Embrase, vb. t. set on fire, 107/2 ;
embrasid, pp. fired, 5O/3. Fr.
Embraser. To kindle, inflame.
— C. Emendes, 88/15 ; Emmendes, 81/
30. The Eumenides, or Furies :
Alecto, Megsera, Tisiphone. Empesched, 2^2^- hindered, IO4/7. Empesshe, vb. t. 0. Fr. Empescher.
To hinder, let, barre, stop.^C.
I8/26, 38/13, 17. Enbrace, vb. t. welcome, receive,
36/17, 40/24. Fr. Embrasser.
Intreat kindly. — C. Enchaunte, vb. t. I4I/13, apparently
means "dare liim to come on."
Comp. " Incantare. Injnngere ;
vehementer rogare," in Ducange. Euchauntemente, sb. from above
verb, 141/14. Endementes, sb. ? ends, contrivances,
I6/23. Eiidulled, 2^P- stupid, ? infatuated,
41/15, 94/28: t!n"s seems to be
the 0. Fr. Endoie, afflige, in G.
Comp. Doled. Eneade, I6/10. See Aeneia. Enfiammed, 2y2^- inflamed, 54/25, 56/
6. 0. Fr. Enflamber, enjiammcr.
To inflame, fire. — C. Enharnyshed, 2yp- harnessed, 126/
INDEX.
175
29. Com p. 0. Fr. Enharnache^is. — G. Enliuunsynge, sb. enliancing-, mag- nification, fame, IO8/10. 0. Fr. Enhauncer, enhcmnsier. Enlumj'tie, vb. t. 0. Fr. Enluminer, to illuminate, iulighten. — C. 13/ 21. Enlyola, or Tiilyola, 120/ll. Eimuyouse, adj. tiresome, weari- some, 103/19. ^^- Ennuyeux.
Enoynt, vh. t. anoint, 6O/33. 0. Fr. Enointer.
Eripryse, vb. t. undertake, 8/33. Comp. 0. Fr. Emprise = entre- prise.
Ensiewp, vh. t. ensew, follow, 15/4 ! ensiwe, 15/ 18. 0. Fr. Ensievir.
Eutanie, vb. t. Fr. Entamer. To cut open, or breake up. — C. 18/8.
Entende, vb. int. attend, 37/ 14, 1)9/ 10. Fr. Entendre a. To studie, mind, heed, care for, looke to. — C.
Entendemente, sb. wythonte en- tendemeute, deprived of sense, 20/28 ; debylyte of entendement, weakness of understanding, 24/ 22 ; fantasme of her entendement, 82/7. Fr. Entendement. Vnder- standing, apprehension, iudge- ment. — C.
Entermete, vb. int. meddle oneself, busy oneself, 3/23 ; enterniytted hymselfe, occupied himself, 1.55/ I. 0. Fr. Entremetre. S'entre- mettre de. To meddle, or deale with. — C.
Entermyse, sb. undertaking, 55/25. Fr. Entremise. An intermedling. — C.
Enterpryser, sb. undertaker, enter- prising man, 40/i8.
Eutromvtret, vb. entromytreteth herself, busieth herself, 86/10. See EtUermete.
Enuahyshe, enuaysshe, vb. t. invade, 55/33, 104/13. Comp. Fr. Enva- liir, Envahissant.
Enwcd, vb. t. marry, take as wife, 60/3 1.
Ecpiypared, pp. compared ; equal, or like, 82/35, 83/7- 0. Fr. E(iui- parer.
Eschape, vb. int. escape, I2O/4. 0.
Fr. Eschaper. Esohewe, vb. t. eschew, avoid, 28/
28, 29/21. Espace, sb. space of time, 31 /28,
159/14. Fr. Esjnice. Espouse, sb. spouse, 68/19. ^- ^^' Espoux.
Espryse, vb. t. fire, 59/io ; esprysed, pp. fired, smitten, 25/25, '^'^l~7y 46/i8, 65/3, 84/19; set on fire, 94/21. Comp. 0. Fr. Espris. S'esprendre. To fire, to kindle. — C.
Espyotte, sb. Espieu. A Partisan, or Captaines leading-staffe. — C. 143/4. Mod. Fr. Epieu, boar- spear. It seems to mean some kind of spear or javelin here.
Estoure, sb. battle, melee, stir, tu- mult, 129/6. 0. Fr. Estur, Estoiir.
Ethyopes, or Ethiojiians, 84/29.
Evander. son of Hermes (according to some), is said to have led a colony from Pallantium, in Ar- cadia, to Italy, where he built the town of Pallantium, which afterwards formed part of Rome. Aeneas seeks aid of him, 130 ; he sends his son Pallas with Aeneas, 131.
Exanco, a river, 54/i3.
Excecrable, adj. Fr. Execrable. Execrable, detestable. — C. 22/27.
Excercyte, sb. host, 8I/30 ; excer- site, 11/13. 0. Ft. Exercite. An hoast, or armie of men. — C.
Excidyon, sft. destruction, II/7.
Excysion, sb. destruction. 0. Fr. Excision. A wasting, destroying, razing. — C. 76/27.
Excytatiue, adj. iiicitatory, exhort- ative, 78/27.
Exemplayre, sb. example. Fr. Exemplaire. A patterne, sample, or sampler ; an example. — C. 41/ 25-
Execjuyes, sb. obsequies. 0. Fr. Excqnics. — G. Exeqncs, Funeralls, or funerall solemnities. — C. 36/4.
Exploit, vb. t. hasten, 94/9. See G., Espluitier.
Expowne, vb. t. expound, explain, 4/2. Comp. 0. Fr. Exponner.
176
INDEX.
Exstirpc, rh. t. extirpate, destroy, 71/15. O. Fr. Estreper. Fr. Ex- tirper. To extirpate ; root out, or placke vp by tlie root. — C.
Extermynaciou, sb. close, ending, 80/ 1 6.
Extymacion, sb. wythout extyma- cion, or estimation ; ? to an in- effable degree, 95/23.
Extynct, vb. t. extinguish, 43/26, 68/12.
Extyrp, vb. t. See Exstlrpe, 35/26.
Exyll, sb. emi>tiness, loneliness, 8I/13. Fr. Exll. Conip. Latin Exilis.
Eyren, eggs, 2/36 : anecdote about iisage of the words.
Facely, adv. facilely, with facility, 77/15.
Facile, adj. easy, 75/ 19 ; facylle, 49/ 3. Fr. Facile.
Faicte, sb. deed, IO7/36. 0. Fr. Faict.
Famyler, adj. familiar, III/22. 0. Fr. Famelier.
Fanourisshe, vb. t. fauourisshe, favour, 45/14. 0. Fr. Favor ir. — G. Favoriser, To fauour, grace, countenance. — C.
Fantasme, sb. the fantasme of her entendement, vision of her mind, 82/6 ; fauntasme, 48/26. 0. Fr. Fantasme, Fantasme. Vision, ap- parition.— C. Reverie. — G.
Faylled, pp. failed, in a fainting state, gone, 19/2.
Fayntasie, sb. fantasy, fancy, 25/14. 0. Fr. Fanfasie.
Faytte, sb. fact, truth, I8/14; deed, act, 20/19, 24/19, 40/17, 41/11. 0. Fr. Faict A fact, act, action ; a feat, atchieuement.- — C.
Fedder, sb. feather, 58/i. Germ. Fede7\
Felauship. sb. fellowsln'p, compan}', 65/2 ; felaushyppe, companions, 21/16; felawshyppe, 30/21. Fenyce, or Dido, 28/36. See Dido. Fen^'ce, or Phoenicia, 24. Fenyces, or Phoenicians, invent
letters, 24. Ferdeful, adj. fearful, timid, 41 /26. Fere, vb. t. fear, frighten, 8O/16, 138/11.
Festye, vb. t. greet, 68/15. Com- pare 0. Fr. Festier : Faire bonne chere k quelqu'nn. — G.
Flagellacyon, sb. flagellation, scourging, 73/28.
Fhxgitacyon, sb. ? flagellation, 96/2.
Flain, pp. flayed, 101 /22.
Flarnm, sh, on a flannn, in flames, 14/2. Fr. Flamme.
Flote, sb. fleet, 27/6, 39/25. Fr. Fhtte.
Foison, sb. abundance, 87/24. Fr. Fo'ison.
Fonde, vb. t. found, invented, 24/25.
Foole, sb. foal, 88/32.
Force, sb. The hunters made no force for it. Comp. — " le ne fais point force de cela — I care not for, I force not of, I am not mooued by, that thing." — C. 55/ 25.
Forcened, ad), mad, 67/3, ^VS '1 forsened, 93/15, IO6/29. _ Fr. Forcene. IMad, wood, frantick. — C. Forsene. — G.
Forfayte, sb. crime, 93/8. Fr. Forfait.
Forfayte, pp. He hath forfayte nothyng, done no crime, 1 87/13.
Forgetynge, sb. forgetting, forget- fulness, oblivion, 15/il,
Forsenerie, sb. madness, 93/4; comp. Forcened, above. 0. Fr. Forsenerie.
Forthon,from thenne fortlion,from thenceforth, 30/ 1
Fortuned, j^P- "^velle fortuned, fortunate, 86/10.
FouTidemente, sb. foundation, 14/9, 19/31, 20/8 ; foundment, founda- tion, ground, 88/4. Fr. Fonde- merit.
Foundre, vb. int. melt, 75/22, 78/ 34 ; f owndre, 98/29 ; foundre (in the sea), vb. t. 97/24. Fr. Foiidre. Comp. 0. Fr. Fondrer, mettre an fond ; s'eifoiidrer. — G.
Fowunded, pp. founded, 44/28. Francsye, sb. frensy, 8I/26 ; fransie,
103/28. Fr. Fr'enesie. Fraunchise, sb. franchise, freedom,
92/33. Fr. Franchise. Frawdulouse, adj. fraudulent, Fr. Frauduleux, IO5/13.
177
From herselfe, out of her mind,
65/23. Front, sb. Fr. Front, forehead, 21/
20. Fnistratoire, adj. frustratory, vaii),
78/2. Fr. Fnistratoire. Frustre, vb. t. Fr. Frustrer. To dis- appoint, frustrate, defraud. — C.
45/8. Frustred, V frustrate, dis-
appuintiiig, liostile, 8O/33. Fuldo, vh. t. complete, perform, 47/
12 ; fuldoo, 88/8. Furiosite, sh. fury, rage, 83/i2. 0.
Fr, Furiosite. Furour, sb. furor, fury, 28/28. Fr.
Fvreur. Furybounde, arlj. fnril)ond, furious,
71/1. Fr. Furibond. Fnryosite. 8I/27. See Furiosite. Fuste, s6.'fist, 107/13. Fuyte, sb. Fr. Fuite, flight, 31 /6. Fyers, adj. fierce, 54/31. Fr. Fier. Fynably, adv. in tlie end, at last,
78/2. Comp. Fr. Finablemcnt. Fyne, adj. fine, perfect, pure, 25/
14. Coin\). Fine gold. Fyole, sb. Fr. Fiole, phial, 47/4
Gawr, vb. stare about, IGl/ig.
Gaynstonde, vb. t. gainstand, with- stand, 27/11.
Gectuses, or Gaituliaus, 68/26. A people in Nortliern Africa.
Germayn, adj. Fr. Germain ; itie. Germaine, come of the same stock.— C. 45/8, 75/28.
Getule';, or Getula?, in Northern Africa, 44/31. larbas, or Yarbas, was their king.
Glayuc, sb. Fr. Glaive. A gleaue, or Sword ; also, a Launce. — C. I8/5, 159/25. ? Axe, in both quo- tations, and much like Guisarme.
Gouerneresse, sb. she-ruler, 96/19. 0. Fr. Gouverneresse.
G raffed, pp. '^ ntuck down. 0. Fr. Ch'ufer, doner, attachor avec un crampon. — G. 47/24.
Granmodrc, sb. grandmotlicr, 57/ 21.
Graunte, adj. grand, great, IO/12.
Fr. Grand. Gre, sb. Fr. Grc. Will, willing-
nesse ; allowance, liking, accord, ENEYDOS.
consent: att'ection; wish; thanks. — C. 30/31. Gree, 28/22.
Greable, adj. agreeable, 34/i8. 0. Fr. Greable.
Gree, vb. agree, 29/6. Fr. Griper.
Gresell, vb. int. Compare 0. Fr. Greziller. To wrigle, or stirre as a Hue fish on a hot gridiron ; also, to cur](^, twirle, frizle haire, etc. -C. 64 /30.
Greuable, adj. grievahle, disagree- able, difticuit. Compare 0. Fr. Grevable, grievous, jiainefull. — C. 49/2.
Guile, sb. 0. Fr. Gule. Fr. Guenlc. The throat, gullet, 39/20.
Guysarme, sh. bill, battle-axe. Gui- sarme. A kind of (offensive) long-handled and long-headed weapon. — C. I8/5.
Guyse, sb. guise, .manner, fashion, 32/11.
Ilabandouned fro all comfort,
abandoned, devoid of all comfort,
93/27. Habondaunte, adj. abundant, I8/9. Haboundaunce, sb. abundance, 19/
28. Ilalowyng, sb. hallooing (from
grief), 36/3. Hardy nes, sb. boldness, 31/i8, 1.34/
31 ; hardynesse, boldness, in bad
sense, I9/20. Comp. Fr. Hard I,
Hardiesse. Harme, sb. arm, 68/31. Haultayn, adj. high-minded, I8/24.
0. Fr. llaultain. Haiioyr, sb. O. Fr. Havoir, woaltli,
substance.— C. 14/13, 26/34,27/13. Herberowe, vb. t. harbour, shelter,
130/22, 131/34; herberrowe, 126/
18. Hercdytall, adj. heredital, 64/21 ;
heredylalle, 70/2O. 0. Fr. Hereili-
tal. Hereditarie — C. Ilesperides, 85/3. llistoryer, sb. historian, 24/7. 0.
Fr. Ilistorieur. liomyside, sb. homicide. Fr. Ilo-
micide. Manslangjiter, or miir-
ther.— C. 19/26. lloncste, sb. (). Fr. I/oneste, honesty,
37/21.
178
INDEX.
Hosse, sb. liose, stocking, 89/i2. Hostel, sb. ? temple. 0. Fr. Hostel.
An liostel!, house, lodging (this
word is commonly a marke of
greatnesse). — C. I6/33. Hydouse, adj. hideous, 104/ii, 113/
31. Fr. Uideux : . irom 0. Fr.
Hide, horreur, frayeur, efFroi. — G. Hye see, high sea, open sea, 27/
25. Hyrcania, 71/3 1. Ilyrcania bordered
on the Caspian. Hysse, vh. t. hoist, IIG/19. Fr.
Hisser,
larbas. See Yarbas.
Icarus, escapes by means of wings
from prison, with his father, 119 :
falls into sea and is drowned,
120. leopard, vb. t. risk, venture, 88/28. lUumyne, vb. t. Fr. lUmniner. To
illuminate, giue light unto. — C.
9<3/33. Illustracyon, sb. illustration, lustre,
light, 18/20. Fr. Illustration. lUiistre, vb. t. illustrate, brighten,
give light to, 52/3, 86/33. Fr.
lllustrer. Immole, vb. t. immolate. Fr. Im-
moler. To offer, to sacrifice, to
offer sacrifice.— C. 79/ii, 89/15. Impraynted, fp. engraved, 48/26.
0. Fr. Empreinter. graver. — G. Incitatyf, adj. incitative, incitatory,
hortative, 27/29. Incitatif, adj.
qui excite. — G. Ineontynent, adv. Fr. Incontinent.
At once. She dyde it incontynente
to be sette in poynt — she at once
caused it to be set in order, 34/
24, 146/17-
Inconuenyent, sb. inconvenient, in- convenience, 76/5. Inconvenient, s.m. situation facheuse, malheur. — G.
Indicatyf, adj. indicative, demons- trative, 33/4, 104/5.
Induces, sb. truce, 34/i8. Fr. In- duce. Lat. Inducice.
Induction, sb. inference, 44/23 ? ^^' ducing, allurement, 11-3/22. Fr. Induction.
Indygne, vb. t. Fr. Indigner. To
anger, chafe, driue into wrath. —
C. 68/27. Indygnedj^ip. angered,
70/14, 96/u (iiidigned). Inexplycable, adv. inexplicably, in- extricably, 49/9. Comp. Fr.
Inexplicablement. Inexpugnable, adj. not to be cap- tured, imiiregnable, IO/12. F.
Inexpugnable. Infecte, adj. F. Infect ; cte. Infect,
infected, infectious. — C. 21 /26. Infestaunce, sb. hostilit}^, enmity,
76/36. Comp. Infestant. — G. Inhibytore, adj. inhibitory, prohibi- tive, 77/35. F'"- Inliibitoire. Inhomynyouse, adj. ignominious,
disgraceful, shameful, 96/9. Fr.
Ignominieux. Inhoryble, adj. horrible, II3/31. Iniure, sb. injury, wrong, outrage,
108/8. Fr. Injure. Iniuried, pp. insulted, outraged,
102/2. Fr, Injurier. Tnpaciente, adj. impatient, 82/15. Inpudike, adj. Fr. Impudlque.
Lasciuious, wanton, vnchast. — C.
37/16. Inreuocable, adj. irrevocable, 42/29. Insolute, adj. unusual, 2O/30. Fr.
InsoUtc. Inspecyon, sb. ? inspection, lOhl^j. Interrupte, pp. interrupted, 49/22. Intrinsique, adj. intrinsic ; within
the walls, 9I/17 ; in the land,
105/10 ; inner, 71/5, 78/30. Comp.
Intrinsequement, On the inside.
— C. In-tyl, prep, into, 136/2. Inuectyue, adj. invective, 65/i. Inueterate, adj. inueterate of euyll
dayes, rooted in, accustomed to,
109/31. Inuetered adj. I. of many yeres,
78/4. Comp. Inueterate. Inutyle, adj. useless. Fr. Inutile.
Vnprofitable, vngainfull, vnser-
uiceable.— C. 19/6. louencellys, sb. young men, 124/2.
0. Fr. Jouvencel. Iris, messenger of the gods, is sent
by Juno to free Dido's spirit, 109 ; disputes with Proserpine
for Dido's soul, 112; frees Dido, 114.
179
Irryte, vb. t. irritate, 95/27. Fr. Irriter.
lulus. See Ascanius.
luiio raises a storm against Aeiieas's fleet, 89 ; semis a tempest to dis- perse hunters, 52, 55; sends Iris to dying Dido, 109.
lupiter, Arenouse, 59/15; I'lpiter sends Mercury to Aeneas, 61.
luste, vh. int. joust, 132/23.
lusticer, si. judge, 99/8. Fr. lus- ticier. A Justice, or Justicer. — C. 0. F. Justiceo):
Kerne, vh. t. comb, 6O/33. Kyiide, s6. kind, nature, IO3/31. Kysshynges, kissings, 43/i2.
Lacrymable, adj. lacrimable, lam- entable, 32/20. 0. Fr. Lacrim- able.
Liicryme, vb. int. lacrime. weep, 104/25. 0. Fr. Lagrimer, Lacri- vier.
Lacrymous, adj. tearful, 35/4, 36- 0. Fr. Lacrimeus.
Lacyuyte, sb. lasciviousness, 37/i7. 0. Fr. Lacivite.
Langorous, adj. languishing, 20 33. 0. Fi'. Langoros ; Fr. Langourcnx.
Laoinedon cheats the gods who helped to build Troy, 91.
Late, vh. let, 24/ r 7.
Latheser, Lachesis, one of the Fates,
81/35-
Latinus, King of Latium, 120 ; Aeneas sends an embassy to him, 123; he welcomes the Trojans, 126 ; tries to quiet Turnus, 129 ; Diomede sends him a message, 147 ; wishes for peace with Aeneas, 148 ; tries to persuade Turnus not to light Aeneas, 165 ; gives his daughter Lavinia to Aeneas, 162; his death, 163.
Lauatorye, sb. lavatorj', lavement, 110/7. ^^- Lavatoire. — G.
Laurens, or Laurentum, a city in Latium, the capital of King La- tinus, 122, 135, 145, 160.
Lausus, son of Mezentius, is slain by Aeneas, 143.
Lavinia, or Lauyne, daughter of liatinus, 120 ; sought in marriage
by Turnus, 145 ; her grief at Queen Amatha's death, 160; Aeneas wins her by combat with Turnus, 162; marries Aeneas, 163 ; marries again after the death of Aeneas, 165.
Lavinium, or Lauyne, a town in Latium, said to have been founded by Aeneas, 62/i6.
Lawrence. See Laurens.
Lecture, sb, Fr. Lecture. A read- ing, 24/21.
LeefuUy, adv. lawfully, I4/35.
Legacion, sb. message sent by an ambassador. F. Legation. An embassage. — C. 17/3^.
Lette, vb. t. let, hinder, I8/26, 38/ 13, 123/22.
Libya reached by Dido, 30 ; Ae- neas's fleet wrecked on the coast, 40.
Licyte, adj. licit. Fr. Licite. Law- full, allowable.— C. 70/5, 97/iS.
Lieuer, adv. rather, 28/i, 86/23.
Loange, sb. 0. Fr. Loage ; Loiiangc. Laud, praise, commendation ; glo- rie, fame.— C. 86/22, 37/5; loeuge, 82/32 ; loeuynge, 64/22.
Lombard}', 162, 165.
Loos, sb. honour, 86/20. Los, s. m. louange, honncur, rejMitation. — G.
Lothlynes, sh. loathlinoss, ill will, estrangement, 30/32 ; lothlinesse, loathsomeness, 49/31.
Lnbrik, adj. Fr. Lvbriqiie. Lu- bricke, slipperie ; doceitfull, vn- certaine ; leclierous, lasciuious. — C. .32/19. Lubryke, 86/29, •'^7/1 5.
Lyberal, aJj. L arbytre, free will, 44/20.
Lybidynous, adj. lustful, 86/33.
Lycia, 69/27.
Lyght, of lyglit, ? lightly, easily, 45/6.
Lygnage, sb. lineage. 0. Fr. Lig- nage. A linage, progeiiie, stocke.
-C. 24/35.
Lvgnee, sb. lineage, 29/i8; lynee, "58/33, 68/29, 127/1 1. Fr. Lignc'e. Lyuered, jq). delivered, 72/22. Fr. Livrer.
I\laculate, sb. sjjot, stain, IO2/9. Maculate, vb. t, stain, 86/25 ! PP- 20/ X 2
180
INDEX.
1 8. Ln.t. Mncvlarc. Fr. 3Iaculer.
To spot, blol ; lileniish, beray. —
C. Macule, sb. spot, mark, blot (physi- cally), 113/1. Fr. Macule. Maj^icienne, sb. she-magician. Fr,
88/23. Magiiyfycatly, adv. magnificently,
12/19. Magnyfyque, adj. magnific. Fr.
Magnijique. Magnilicent, haugh-
tie, 'loftie.— C. '25/i2, 6U/4. Magre, miiugre, in spite of, against
will of, 108/7. l). Fr. Maugre. Magystracyon, sb. mastership, rule,
connnand, ll/i2. Malencolyonse, adj. melancholy,
8O/27. 0. Fr. Alelancolieiis. Maleurouse, adj. unhappy, unfor- tunate, 15/26. Fr. Mallieurcux.
0. Fr. Maleiiros, Maleurevs. Marbryne, adj. marble, of marble,
74/10. 0. Fr. Marbrin. March, sb. border, 84/26. Fr.
Marche. A region, coast, or
quarter ; nlso, a march, froutire,
or border of a countrey. — C. Maronner, sb. mariner, 29/2. 0.
Fr. Maronier, — onuier. Marj', sb. marrow, 41/ 17. Mason, vb. t. lay masonry, build,
49/27. Fr. Magonner. Mastresse, sb. mistress, 46/33, 99/3-
0. Fr. Maistresse. Mate, adj. sad. Fr. Mat. Beaded,
mated, aniated, overcome. — C.
15/6. Maundemente, sb. charge, order, 70/
28. Fr. Mandenicnt. Maynage, sb. household, 29/22. O.
Fr. Ma'mage. Mayntene, sb. carriage, deportment,
demeanour, 26/30. Fr. Maintun. Medle, vb. t. meddle, mix, 50/24,
11 8/27. 0. Fr. Medler. Medlee, sb. medly, mel^e, flight,
41/34, 128/29. 0. Fr. Medlee. Medlynge, sb. meddling, interfer- ence, 41/32. Megere, or Megaara, one of the
Furies, 8I/31. Fr. Megere. Memore, sb. memory, 102/12. O.
Fr. Memore. Mod. Fr. Memoirc. Menaige, s6. household, vassals, 31/
34 ; meynage, 29/14. 0. Fr. Menaige. Menestus and Segestus, or Mnes-
theus and Sergestus, 133. They
are called Nestor and Sergeste on
page 65. Mercurj^ sent by Jupiter to Aeneas,
61 ; is described, 62 ; is nephe\Y
to Atlas, 63 ; appears in a dream
to Aeneas, 93. Meruelogus, adj. marvellous, 21 /32. Mesapus, King of Etruria, 133, 138,
151. Meschaunte, adj. wretched, miser- able, 15/35. 0. Fr. Meschant. Meschyne, sb. f. wretch, caitiff, 58/
29. 0. F. Meschin. Mod. Fr.
Mesquin, — ne. Messager, sb. Fr. Messager. A mes- senger, 27/22, 71/19. Mesure, sb. measure, control, 44/34.
Fr. Mesiire. Meyne, sb. attendants, 29/ii. O.
Fr. Mesnie'e, Meyne. Mezentius, King of the Tyrrhenians,
slays many Trojans, 142 ; is
killed by Aeneas, 144. Mezentius of Sicily, 163. Minerva, 118. Minos, King of Crete, 116 ; has
tribute of youths and maidens
from Aegeus, 117 ; imprisons
Daedalus, 119. Minotaur, story of Theseus and, 117. Mobyle, adj. mobile, movable, nn-
lixed, 71/3, 103/35. I''i'- Mobile. Mobylite, sb. mobility, power to
stir, 57/12. Fr. Mobilite. Moche, adv. nmch, very, 88/15, ^0/
19, 21. Mocke, sb. mock, mockery, 57/29.
0. Fr. 3fo(p(e,mocque. Moeuable, adj. movable, 46/6. 0,
Fr. Moevable. Moeue, vb. t. move, 33/5, 44/ 15. 0.
Fr. Moevre. Moeuynge, moving, motion, 20/2g. Molet^te, sb. molest, molestation, 50/
24. 0. Fr. Moleste. Molyfye vb. t. Fr. MoUificr. To
mollifie, soften, supple ; make
gentle. — C. 42/ 17 ; make soft, or
muddy, 69/24. Mondayn, adj. mundane, worldly,
INDEX.
181
79/2 ; mondaj^ne, IO/4. Fr. Mon-
dain. Montycle, sb. Monticule. A hillocke,
a small hill.— C. 13/4, 21 /23;
niountycle, 17/ 10. Mortyfied, pp. made dead or sense- less, IO6/18. 0. F. Mortefier,
m&i-tifier. I\Iow, vb. int. be able, 98/2 ; mowe,
35/27, 45/6, II. liloyen, sb. Fr. Moyen. A meane ;
course, way ; a meanes. — C. 19/
33, 25/28 ; moyens, 4O/9. Murtj'Uers oornyllers, I7/15. Cor-
nillier. The long cheriie, wild
cherrie, or Cornill tree. — C. Musitaynes, or Momydes (Nomades,
Numidians), 32/25. Myrifyke, adj. mirific, wonderful,
37/7 ; myryfyke, 24/32. Fr. Aliri-
Jique. Strangely wrought. — C. Myrondes, 44/33, ^^/6- Myscheife, sb. mischief, mishap,
99/32. 0. Fr. Meschlef. Myscheue, vb. t. mischief, injure,
94/31. Mysell, rayne mysell, mizzling rain,
55/34. Myserycorde, sb. mercy, 97/32. Fr.
Mis^ricorde. Myssaj'e, vb. t. missay, slander, 23/2, Mystike, adj. mystic, holy,''37/i7. Mystre, i'&. V matter, concern, 62/13.
Naufraged, pp. shipwrecked, 66/34,
72/ ly. Fr. Naufrag^. Nauye, sb. navy, fleet, 27/31, 39/ 12.
0. Fr. Navie. Nauyre, sb. navire, fleet, 3O/25.
0, Fr. Navire, Nayssaunce, sb. Fr, Naissaiice.
Birth, 27/1. Nedefull, adj. needful, necessitous,
100/ II. Nephande, adj. infamous, accursed,
26/6, 32/4. U. Fr. Nephamle. Neptune, 38 ; raises a storm against
Aeneas's fleet, 39 ; helps to build
Troy, 91. Nestor, or Mnestheus, 65/i2. See
Menestus. Neweli, adv. newly, lately, 4I/13. Nisus and Euryalus, account of
them, 133—138.
Nocible, adj. hurtful, 49/7.
Norryture, sb. Nurture, nourishment, 85/11. O. Fr. Nm-riture. Mod. Fr, Nmirriture.
Noryce, sb, 0, Fr. Norrice, mod. Fr. Nourrice, nurse, 78/27.
Nuysaunce. sb. Fr. Nuisance. Nui- sance, hurt, offence, annoyance, harme, dammage. — V. 2.3/i.
Nuj'sible, adj. Fr. Nuisible, Hurtful, 76/33, «9/34.
Nyuyse, goddess of fountains, 59/ 16.
Obeyssaunt, adj. obedient, 34/34,
Fr. Obe'issant. Obfusked, pp. offuscated, obscured,
41/15. 0. Yv. Objmqa^. Mod, Fr.
Offusqiie. Obgfctyf, adj. objective, 104/2. Fr.
Objectif. Oblishe, vb. ? abolisii, 86/30. Obn)ysse, vb. omit, 110/ 36. Obprobre, sb. Opprobre, a reproach.
— C. 76/36. 0. Fr. Obpn-obre. Obsiquyes, sb. obsorpiies, funeral
rites, 21/12. 0. Fr. Obsequie. Occision, sb. Fr. Occision. An occi-
sion, killing, slaying ; also a
murther, or slaughter. — C. I4I/4.
Occysion, 13/i2, 83/ii ; ocsicion,
105/32. Oore, sb, oar, I6/1 ; orys, oars, 95/
34.
Oost, sb. host, 91/3, 133/30; ooste, 132/28.
Operydes, or Hosporides, 85.
Opprobre, sb. Fr. Opprobre. A re- proach ; a defamatorie taunt ; vp- braiding. — C. 96/9.
Orage, sb. Fr. Orage. A storme, tem- pest, orage. — C. 46/i, 52/8.
Orestes, tortured by Proserpine for slaying his mother, 83.
Orion, the constellation, 46/2.
Ornate, vb. t. adorn, 79/33. Lat. Ortuire, ornatus.
Oroysen, sb. orison, prayer, 153/3. 0. Fr. Oroison.
Oublyaunce, sb. 0. Fr. OubJiancc. Obliuion, furgetfulncsse, — C. 24/ 24.
Ouer-run, vb. t. outrun, 55/io.
Oucrsee, vh. t, look over 2/2.
182
INDEX.
Ouertake, j)p. overtaken, overcome,
48/6. Oiiltrage, sb. outrage, 98/32. 0. F.
Oultrage. Oiiuerage, sb. work, 2O/9 ; Ouurage,
13/33, '^-^/33- Fr. Ouin-age. Ovid, 8/25. Ozon, a Trojan, 168/25.
PaUintyne, King of Arcadia, I3O/26.
Palatine, Mount, I3O/23.
Palence, or Pallantium, a city
founded by Evander on the site
of Rome, I3O/25, 131/i. Palencya, daughter of Evander,
130/28. Paliuurus, master of Aeneas's ship,
96/15; falls into sea and is
drowned, 116. Pallas, son of Evander, I3O/29 ;
accompanies Aeneas, 131 ; slain
by Turnus, 140 ; his body is sent
home, 145. Palusshe, sb. marsh, 42/23. Paralesye, sb. paralysis, IIO/2. Fr.
Paralysie. Pardurable, adj. perdurable, con- tinual, perpetual, 59/22, IOO/29.
Fr. Perdurable. Parellys, sb. perils, 88/20. Parent, sb. relation, 98/27, IOO/23.
Fr. Parent. Parent, adj. related by birth, II2/3. Pareyll, sb. peril, I48/24. Parforce, vb. t. perforce, compel,
75/26; parforse, 7I/25. O. Fr.
Parf order — cer. Parfournyshe, vb. t. complete. Fr.
Parfournir, To performe, con- summate.— C. 62/17. Paris, son of Priam, 88/4. Parlyamente, sb. parley, conference,
30/33. 0. Fr. Parlement. Pasiphiie, wife of Minos, 117. Passe, vb. int. pass, die, IO8/25. Passynge, sb. a passynge, a dying,
159/3. Comp. Passing bell. Pastoure, sb. pastor, shepherd, 108/
23. O. Fr. Pastorc — toure. Patherc, a city in Lycia, 54/14. Patron, sb. Fr. Patron. The master
of a ship, 95/6. Patrone, sb. Fr. Patron. Pattern,
example, 15/2.
Pauesse, sb. pavisse, or large shield
covering the body, 138/20. O.
Fr. Para is. Peas, sb. peace, 5O/27 ; pease, 50/2O.
0. Fr. Pais. Mod. Fr. Paix. Pencyf, adj. pensive, thoughtful,
Fr. Pensif, I5/30. Pencyfulle, adj. pensiful, pensive,
48/22.
Pentheus, 81.
Perdurable, adj. perpetual, 93/2. Fr. Perdurable.
Perisshe, vb. t. perish, destroy, ruin, 86/26.
Periuremente, sb. perjurement, per- jury, 90/17. O. Fr. Perjurement.
Permanable, adj. Fr. Permanabie Permanent, constant, durable, 82/34.
Permute, vb. t. change, 72/13. ^'■• Permuter.
Perpetred, pp. perpetrated, com- mitted, 26/7, 37/26. Fr. Perpetrer.
Perturbatyffe, adj. perturbative, disorderly, 46/7.
Pestyfere, adj. Fr. Pestifere. Pesti- ferous, pestilent, deadlie. — C. 95/27.
Phoebus helps to build the walls of Troy, 91/20.
Piece, sb. armed at all pieces, fully armed, I4/15.
Pietous, adj. sorrowful, 26/30. O. Fr. Pitos, compatissant. — G. See Pyetoiis.
Pietously, adv. sorrowfully, 76/23. See Pietous.
Pistelles, sb. epistles, 120/21.
Placable, adj. ? appeasing, appeas- able, 87/2.
Plasmator, or Polymeator, King of Thrace, receives Polydorus, and afterwards jnurders him for his money, 12 , 16, 17, 18.
Playsaunce, sb. pleasure, enjoj^ment. Fr. Plaisaiice. Mirth, sport, plea- sure, festiuitie. — C. 84/29.
Playsaunte, adj. pleasant, pleasing, 48/1 1. Fr.Plaisant.
Playse, vb. t. please, 88/16.
Plentyuous, adj. V fertile, 81 /29. 0. Fr. Plentuos, Plentneiis. — G.
Polydorus, son of Priam, sent away during the siege of Troy, 12 ; is
INDEX.
183
imudered by Plasinator, or Poly- mestor, 12 ; Aeneas sacrifices on his grave, 17 ; Polydorus ad- dresses Aeneas from his grave, 19 ; his obsequies, 21. Pompouse, adj. pompous. Fr. Ponipeux — euse. Pomjious, mag- nificent, statelie, sumptuous. — C.
14/12.
Poorte, sh. gate, 49/i8. Fr. Porte. Poplesie, sh. apoplexy, llO/i. Porte, sh. port, 102/2O. Fr. Fort. Porueyd,p2>- provided (of =^ with),
21/35 ; pourueyed, 22/31. 0. Fr.
Pourveoir, Possede, vb. t. possess, 26/35. Fr.
Posseder. Poulder, sb. powder, dust, 44/ii.
0. Fr. Pouldre. Pounde, sh. pond, hike, 90/i, 103/
15- Pourfylled, pp. purfled. 0. Fr. Pourfihr d'or. To purfle, tinsell, or cuercast with gold thread, &c.
-C. 53/31.
Pourpre, adj. purple, 83/i ; purpre,
82/36. Fr. Pourpre. Poynt, Poynte, sb. in poynte, in
order, 30/26, 34/24, 54/7; En
poind. — C. Poynte mortalle,
point of death, 67/36. Prenostycature, sh. prognostic, 80/
31-
Presagyous, adj. presagmg, fore- telling, 8O/30. Fr. Presagieux.
Preste, arfj. ready, 53/27. 0. Fr. Prest.
Prestresse, sh. priestess, 66;9, 85/2, 88/1. 0. Fr. Prestresse.
Preterit, adj. preterite, deceased, 34/14; preteryte, 26/31. 0. Fr. Preterit — ite. Past, gone, de- parted.— C.
Preu, adj. O. Fr. Preux. Hardie, douglitie, valiant, full of prowesse. — C. 44/17, 118/6.
Priam, 11.
ProeEse,s6. prowe.ss, 14.3/30, I45/14.
Proferre, vh. t. prefer, I34/19.
Proniytte, vb. promise, 6I/25, 85/21.
Propice, Propyce, adj. propitious, 21/8, 31/19, 33/12, 76/19, ''^^I^- Fr. Propice.
Prore, sh. prow, 29/7.
Prosapye. sb. stock, race, 24/36. Lat. Prosapiu.
Proserpine tortures Orestes, 83 ; her power over mortals, 109, 110; claims Dido's soul, 111.
Proverne, or Privernum, a Volseian town, and capital of King JNIeta- pus, 129/34.
Proye, sb. prey, booty, 145/ 12. Fr. Proie.
Prune vb. t. pick feathers (of a Ijird), 63/22.
Pr3-meface, of p. ^= Fr. De j'rlme- face. At the first, at first sight. — C. 56/7.
Pryuated, pj). depriued, 85/35, ^^1 28.
Pryue, adj. privy, private, belong- ing to the family, 35/ 1 1, 73/31.
Prvue, vh. t. privc, deprive, Fr. Pm-er, 70/18 ; i>iJ. I9/5.
Pucelle, sb. maiden, Fr., 121^5, 146/5.
Pudeyriue, adj. Fr. Pudiquc. Chast, pure, modest. — C. 32/35 ! pudike, 37/17 ; pndyke, 36/25.
Puylle, Apulia, 147/1.
Puyssaut, adj. puissant, powerful, 10/19.
Puyssaunce, sb. power, might, I9/4.
Pyetous, adj. wretched, piteous, sorrowful, I3/25, 15/20, 29/ 1, 35/ 10, 36/1 1, 8O/16; pyetouse, piti- ful, merciful, 73/19. See PietoKs.
Pyetously, adv. lamentably, sorrow- fully, 107/14.
Pygmalion, King of Phoenicia, and Dido's brother, succeeds Belus, 25 ; murders Acerbas, or Sychajus, his brother-in-law, 25 ; 45/8, 81/ 20.
Pylades, 83/22.
Pynacle, sh. Fr. Piacle. Lat. Piacidum. Propitiator}' sacrifice, 103/9: ? confusion with p(tna.
Pysmcr, sh. pismire, ant, 74/29.
Quake, vb. t. shake, make fearful, 80/ 1 6.
Quarellouse, adj. querulous, 8O/9. Fr. Querelleux.
Quareyll, sb. quarrel, bolt for cross- bow, 158/ 10.
Qiiarfuur, sh. public place, 88/14.
184
INDEX,
0. Fr. Qiiarrefour. Tlic place in a tow lie whereat four streets meet ahead. Par tuiis les quar- refours de. Throughout all the four Quarters, corners, or streets of.— G. Qiieyntli, adv. quaintly, elegantly, politely, 40/15.
Rageouse, adj. raging, 8I/26. Fr.
iUigeux. RaysoD, sb. reason, cause, 33/4, 46/
II. Fr. Raison. 'Rchonte,vb. #. rebut. Fr. Bebouter.
To repulse, driue backe, repell. —
c. 40/32.
Reclose, vb. t. shut up, confine, 92/
27. Reconifort, sb. refreshment, cheer,
68/21, 84/i6; recoinforte, 79/3.
Fr. Reconfort. Recordaunce, sb. care, heed, 6I/22 ;
mindfulness, 9O/31. Recountre, vb. t. encounter, meet
as an enemy, 39/7, 55/ 13, 99/21.
Fr. Bencontrer. Recuel, sb. Ft. Becueil. A wel- come, or intertainment. — C. 66/
30-
Recuyelle, vb. t. receive, 39/30 ; re- cule, entertain, 40/ii. 0. Fr. Becueiller.
Reed, adj. red, 21/i6.
RefFuse, sb. refusal, 35/28. Fr. Befus.
Reforced, ^p. made stronger, 66/19.
Refute, sb. respite, 8I/24. Comp. Befutare. Rem diraittere. — Du-
CANGE. Related, jjp. carried down, 78/14. Releuement, sb. relief. 0. Fr. Be-
levcmetit. A raising, lifting vp ;
releeuing, reuiuing, restoring. —
c. 113/26.
Remyse, vb. t. set again, replace,
39/30, 92/30, 94/33. Rendre, vb. t. -render, deliver, set
free, 37/ 16. Fr. Bendre. Renomed, adj. renowned, ll/i ;
renonmied, 4/31, 44/17. ^^•
Benomrn^. Renomme, sb., renown, 50/ 1 ; re-
nonunee, 24/io, 37/6, 57/ll. Fr.
Benomme'e. Rent, vb. t. tear asunder, 76/33.
Renues, sb. revenues, 77/28. Replenysshed, adj. full, 42/36, 81 /5. Repreue, vb. t. reprove, 33/19. Repulse, vb. t. repulse ayenst, rebuff,
repel, 44/21. Resolysitude, sb. fresh anxiety, 92/
31-
Resplendysshannt, adj. 0. Fr. Be-
splendissant. Resplendent, sliin-
ing, glistering, radiant. — C. 37/3. Resplendysshe, vb. int. 0. Fr. Be-
splendir. To shine, glitter,
streame, blaze. — C. 32/7. Retoh, sb. ratch, or running hound,
53/16. Retoume, vb. t. turn, change, 97/32.
Fr. Betourner. Retry bue, vb. t. Fr. Retribuer.
Requite, recompence, reward. — C
89/25. Reuerte, vb. t. turn back, restore,
43/5. Reutlie, sb. sorrow, 44/4 j rewthes,
66/23. Reygne,s6. reign, kingdom. 0. Fr.
Begne. A realme. — C. 125/20. Reyny, adj. rainy,_ 56/30. Rej'se, r6. int. raise, be enhanced,
32/25. Reysynge, xb. raising, starting from
lair, 53/14. Rightwisues, sb. righteousness,
justice, 6O/13. Roche, sb. rock, 63/20, 73/21. Fr.
Roche. Roddy, adj. ruddy, II2/29. Romulus and his successors, 121. Roome, Rome, 82/27. Royalme, sb. reahn, I6/2, 20/6 ;
royame, 25/7. 0- Fr. Boyaulme. Rudesse, sb. roughness, force, 139/i.
Fr. Budesse. Rychesses, sb. riches, 25/20. Fr.
Bichesse. Ryuage, sb. shore, strand, I2/33,
29/26, 102/20. Fr. Bivage. Ryuele, sb. wrinkle, IIO/29.
Sacraire, sb. 0. Fr. Sacraire. A
priuate chappell, or oratorio.— C.
79/29. Saorayre, 8O/2 ; sacraryes,
59/20. Sacryfye, vb. t. sacrify, sacrifice,
87/II. Fr. Sacnjicr.
INDEX.
185
Sacyate, pp. satiate, satiated, 66/34. Sadde, adj. settled, sober, II3/13. Saliie, vb. t. salute, 124/12. Fr.
Saluer. Sangwynouse, adj. bloody, IO.3/36. Sapyn-tree, fir-tree, 68/7. Fr. Sajjin. Surestum. See Sergestus. Sawte, s6. assault, 188/17. Sawtyng, sh. assaulting, I6I/35. Scuine, sb. scum, foam, 68/29. Seassyng, sb. ceasing, cessation,
124/33.
Seceo, 57/24.
Secbe, vb. t. seek, 23/4.
Secondying, sb. secondine, or after- birth ; the skin that envelops the foetus before birth, 89/5,
Seduct, vb. t. seduce, 97/14.
fSeductor, sb. seducer, 6O/30.
Semblable, adj. semblably, in like manner, 64/i8, 78/i6. Fr. Sem- blable.
Separe, vb. t. separate, 42/32, 44/9. Fr. Separer.
Sepulture, sb. burial-place, II4/29.
Sequele, sb. 0. Fr. Sequele. A great man's train or followers, 22/12,39/11.
Sergestus, a Trojan, 66/12, 160.
Seruage, sb. Fr. Sewage. Serui- tude, slauerie, bondage, thrall- dome.— C. 102/1, 117/33.
Sej'guorie, sb. Fr. Seigneiirie. Seignorie, lordship ; Lordship, or Mannor.— C. 35/ 1.
Shwed, sewed, I43/25.
Siege, sb. seat, abode, 37/8. Fr. Sk'ge.
Simois, a port at the mouth of the Simois, near Troy, 16/30.
Simulatyue, adj. simulative, simu- lated, feigned, 77/i6.
Skelton, John, Poet Laureate, 8/34.
Slyped,pp. ? sharpened, IO7/23.
Slypper, adj. slipper, slippery, in- constant, 32/18, 86/29.
Socourable, adj. Fr. Secourablc. Succouring, helpful! ; ready or willing to releeue. — C. 12/ii, 116/ II.
Solenipnelle, adj. solemn, 6O/5.
Solitiire, adj. lonely, 8O/21. Fr. Solitaire.
Somme, sb. in a somme, sum, or body, idl at oticc, O7/25.
Somtyme, adj. once, former, 27/14. Sonde, sb. sand, I8/29. Sortc, sb. Fr. Sort. iJestiny, 72/29. Soubdaynelj', adv. suddenly, 55!^;^.
0. Fr. Soubdain. Sourge, sb. surge, I8/9, 26/2, Souuenaunce, sb. Fr, Souvenance.
Memorie, remembrance. — C, 24/
20. Spece, sb. Fr. Espece, kind, 79/ 18. Sperkell, sb. sparkle, spark, 43/20. Stellyferaunt, adj. stelliferous, 96/
26. Styge, the Styx, river in hell, 103/
14. Stygian Gate of Troy alone left, 13. Stypende, vb. t. pay, 88/26. Fr.
Stipendier. Stytches, sb. stitches, running pains,
110/2. Subcombe, vh. int. succumb, give
way, yield, 81 /7. Subcombed,^)/)' ^^ whom they were
subcombed, V among whom they
were in servitude, 80/34. Subgeit, adj. subject, 62/5 ; subget,
sb. 4/28 ; subgette, adj. II/27,
34/34. 0. Fr. Sid)jet. Submyse, vb. int. submit, 86/24.
Comp. 0. Fr. Soubmis. Subsiduous, adj. aiding, helping,
71/29. Suffokc, vb. f. suffocate, drown, 77/
23. Fr. Svffoquer. SufiEounge, vb. t. suffumigate, 87/26.
Comp. Snffjimigatiori,. A suf-
fumigation. — C. Suffretous, adj. Fr, Souffretetix.
Wretched, I3/27, I9/24, Suppost, sb. suppost indicatyf, ? the
demonstrative subsidiary organs,
opposed to the cogitative or
reasoning ones, giving action to
the latter, IO4/5. 0. Fr, Suppost,
Snppot. Suppryme, vb. t. suppress, 48/19.
Fr. Supprimer. Sychicus. See Acerbas. Sylvius Postumus, half-brother to
Ascanius, 164, 1G5. Synnihic-re, sb. statue. 0. Fr. Siviu-
lachre. Figure, semblance, re- semblance.— c. 47/9. Syn, adv. afterwards, 68/20, 144/i8.
186
INDEX.
Synacle, s6. ? for rynack (see tluit
word), 21/33. Synagoge, sb. place of worship,
46/28. Syncopyse, rb. int. faint, 26/35. Synystre, adj. sinister, unlucky,
33/22, 35/26. Fr. Sinistre. Sythera slain by Aeneas, 140/8.
Takled,|)jx rigged, 93/31. Talowed, j)j). tallowed, 74/21 : to
make the ships tight. Taniyse, river Thames, 2/27. Fr.
Tamise. Tapysserye, sb. tapestry, 48/23, 60/
3. Fr. Tap'isserie. Tapyte, s6. carpet, 4I/30. Tarcays, sb. Turquoise, 54/i. Tarquinius Priscus, 121. Tarye, vh. t. cause to tarry, stop,
49/11, 86/30. Taynture, sb. 0. Fr. Tehicture. A
tincture, dying, staining, colour-
ing.-C. 24/29. .
Teeth, sb. jags, or irregularities m
stones for building, 49/26. Tenebres, sb. 0. Fr. Tenebres. Dark-
nesse, obscuritie. — C. 14/i4, 97/i. Tenebrose, adj. dark, 53/6. Fr.
Tenebreux. Tenebrosite, sb. darkness, IS/iy. Termyne, vb. t. finish, 36/30. Fr.
Tei^miner. Terys, s6. tears, 75/13. Testymonage, sb. testimony, evi- dence, witness, 63/2, 73/9. Thalamus, King of Arcadia, 130/ 18. Thebes, 82/9 ; meaning Thebes in
Egypt, and the Greek Thebes. Theseus kills the Minotaur, 119. Thesypho, or Tisipho, one of the
Furies, 8I/31. Thetys, nephew of Aeneas, II6/30. Tholomeus, or Tolumnius, 167. Thrace, 16, 22. Thyas, 66/9. Gr. Thuias, inspired
or mad priestess. Thyrayn, adj. Tyrian, of Tyre, 33//. Titan, the sun, 96/31. Tocomynge, adj. future, 4/21. Tofore,pre2}. before, I6/19 ; to-fore,
adv. before, 24/i. To-gyder, together, 36/7. Tonyre, or Tiber, I2O/26, I3O/24.
Torne, vb. int. turn, 36/27. Tourinent, sh. torment, agitation,
96/2. Tourment, tb. t. torment, agitate,
75/17. Tourne, sh. tourney, 132/ 19. 0. Fr.
Tournei. Transmyse, vb. t. transmit, 52/2. Traueylled, pp. travelled, tired,
86/19. Traytice. adj. narrow, like a line,
pencilled, II2/24 ; Traytyse, 112/
36. 0. Fr. Traictis. 'Her nose
tretys.' Chaucer, Prol. Cant
Tales, 152. Tremoure, sb. tremor, quaking, 60/
9-
Triews, sb. truce, IOO/2 ; tryewes, 145/20 ; tryews. truce, respite, 90/5. 0. Fr. Tnies.
Trist, adj. sad, IO3/24 ; tryst, 84/5, 92/6 ; tryste, 69/33. Fr. Triste.
Troy, said to have been built by Priam, 11; destroyed by the Greeks, 13 ; New Troy, or Acesta, 115.
Trystesse, sb. sadness, 8O/28, 90/ 13. Fr. Tristesse.
Tuliy, or Cicero : his Epistles trans- lated by John Skelton, 4/6.
Tulyola, an island (called also Enlyola), II6/29.
Turbacion, »h. Fr. Turbation. A trouble, or troubling ; a disturb- ance, molestatiun, disquieting. —
c. 92/32.
Turnus, King of the Rutulians, courts Lavinia, 121 ; son of King Darynus, or Daunus, 126 ; wrath at Aeneas, 127 ; attacks Ascanius, and loses his son, 128 : begins war against Aeneas, 129 ; lays siege to Aeneas's camp, 132 ; slays Pallas, 140 ; is deceived by an apparition, 141 ; has alter- cation with Drances, 149 ; aids in defence of Laurentum, 150 ; proposes single combat with Aeneas, 154 ; makes covenant about the duel, 156 ; makes havoc among the Trojans, 168 ; fights Aeneas, and is slain, 162.
Tuscany, I29/33.
Tutryce, d). guardian. Fr. Tutrice.
187
A tutrix, or tuteresse ; a gardian-
esee. — C. 85/5- Tymorj-site, sb. timorosity, fear,
20/29. Tyre, 25/8, 92/15. Tyrians, 33//, 66/13, 81/ 18. Tytan, the sun, 96/31.
Ualle, sb. valley, I29/33. Uerj', adj. very, true, 37/ 18. Fr. Vrai.
Vacabonde, adj. vagabond, wander- ing, 15/28. 0. Fr. Vacabon.
Vagaunt, adj. vagrant, wandering, with no settled habitation, 45/2, 8I/10.
Vaillyarityse, sb. valiance, bravery. 0. Fr. Vaillantise. Valiantnesse.
— c. 22/32.
Valyde, vb. t. vouch for, corroborate, 65/6.
Vassaylle, sb. vessel, 39/15.
Vaticynaunte, adj. vaticinant, 29/ 1 1.
Vegytalle, adj. vegetal. Fr. Vege- tal. Vegetal, hauing or giuiug a (plant-like) life.— C. 19/ 10.
Vengable, adj. vengeful, 153/6.
Vengeresse, sb. f. Fr. Vengeresse. Female avenger, 99/7.
Venus and Juno debate about the marriage of Aeneas and Dido, 50.
Vernylus, or Venulus, returns to King Latinus from an embassy, 146.
Verytable, adv. veritably, 41/i8.
Vierge, sb. virgin, 88/22. Fr. Vierge.
Vilete, sb. vility, abasement, dis- grace, IO8/11. Fr. Vilete.
Virgil, 23/16.
Viryle, adj. virile, manly, 86/20. Fr. Vlril.
Vitupere, sb. Vitupere. Dispraise, disparagement, reprehension, blame. — C. IOO/5 ; vytupere, 77/i.
Vitupere, vb. t. disparage, revile, 105/18. Fr. Vitujjerer.
Vltryce, sb. f. female avenger, 99/7.
Vlulatiue, adj. howling, yelling, 99/4.
Vncnryously, adv. carelessly, I5/4.
Vndresette, vb. t. set under, put as prop, give as voucher, 44/20.
Vnnde, sb. wave, I5/31. Fr. Onde.
Vimeth, adv. scarcely, 24/8.
Voluntee, sb. will, I9/23. Fr. Volonte'.
Voluptee, sb. pleasure, 43/26. Fr. Volnpte'.
Vorage, sb. Vorage. A gulfe, whirle- poole.— C. 39/18.
Voraygeouse, adj. whirling, 67/6. Fr. Vorageux.
Voyde, vb. t. voyde oute, send out, 102/27. ,
Vplondyssn, adj. uplandish, out- landish, 3/15.
Vyceta, mother of Evander, 130/2O.
Waraunt, sb. safety, 139/ 14.
Wawe, sb. wave, I5/31, I6/1, 39/19.
Weddre, sb. weather, strong weddre, stormy weather, 114/ 18 ; wedre, 56/30.
Weddrynge, sb. storm, 6O/9 ; wed- rynge, 52/17, 55/32.
Weder, sb. wether sheep, 46/30.
Wele, sb. weal, welfare, 2H/2I ; comvn wele, common weal, 33/27.
What '= why, 155/2.
Wodnesse, sb. woodness, madness, 111/18: woodnes, 28/17.
Woode, adj. mad, angry, 39/23.
Wyage, sb. voyage, 70/8.
VVydowhed, sb. widowhood, 82/36.
Wyke, sb. week, 26/26.
Wyllynge accomplysshe, determin- ing to bring about, 55/i8.
Wythout to, 70/32, 36.
Yarbas, or larbas. King of the Gajtulse, is angry at the reports about Dido and Aeneas, 59 ; com- plains to Jupiter that Dido has rejected his love, 60.
Yate, sb. gate, 13/28, 4I/31.
Yde, Ide, or Ida, a mountain and forest near Troy, I5/33.
Yefte, sb. gift, 41/21, 11 2/ 17.
Yeue, vb. t. give, 41/22.
Vocked, pyA yoked, 89/36.
Yolus, or lulus, l/ii, I4/33. See Iidus.
Yolus, or Aeolus, 88/14, 39/8. See Aevlns. ■
Yongthc, sb. youth, 29/i6, 48/9.
Ytcratyue, adj. iterative, repeated, 35/13.
188
COLLATION WITH Mr. ALFRED H. HUTH'S COPY OF THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483,
By F. J. FURNIVALL.
Page & line
10/6 Eneydos] esneydes
10/8 many] jnonlt de
10/22 opene] ct ouurir
10/23-4 It behoueth] Fault
10/25 thexcellentest] lexcellcnca
11/3 stocke of Dardanns] souche de
Dardanns 11/4 Electra] Clectra 11/6-8 of kynges, And tlie sayd Troye,
was enuyronned in fourme of siege /
and of excidyon, by Agamenon,
kynge in grace] desroysfut emiironnce
en forme de siege et de occidion par
Agamenon gregois 11/11 princes k grekes] princes grcgeois 11/13 thexcersite and boost] lexcersite
et ost 11/16 reno7?mied] rommce 11/20 god] les dieux. emprysed] en-
treprins 11/25-6 To that one encreacynge] aux
vngz en leur acroissant 11/27 to that other] aiix aultrcs 11/32 Pryame thenne \vyll teshewe &
helps for thynges] Priame du7icqnes
voulant subtcenir aux choscs 12/1 were ouerthrowen fro his name]
precepitassent de son nom premier.
(In 12/2 Caxton makes premier an
adverb to scpara, he dyd do departe.) 12/4 In hopynge] Esperant 12/6 wyth a grete] en grant 12/7-8 stronge corage, wyth rychesse
ynough] force courageuse. en richesse
copicuse 12/9 tresour and lewellis] ct mise en
ioyaulx 12/10 e.n(hxxYiig\ pendarU
Page & line
12/11 riglrt socourable] ami tresecour-
able 12/16 chan?igyng] mua 12/17 endured] so?K??!ce 12/27-8 and the saydtroians myserable
semed better to lose] Et sembloient
mieiclx lesdictz troians miserahles 12/31 mynde] ^eresce 12/35 ill whiche] auquel 12/36 whiche he bare] qtoil a^wit parte 13/1 so traytoursly] traicieicsement 13/4 a lityl hille or montycle] vng
petit viont. 13/9-10 the force and strengths of the
troyians] la force troyamie 13/12 lityl damage and hurte] pcu de
dommaige 13/15 broylled and brente] arse et
brulee 13/18 the place hadde enbraced and
yssued oute] da lieu cmbrase yssoit IZJK) wythholden] rcselle 13/21 to enliimyne] enluminerent 13/24 deuourynge the pompe] deuoratif
de la pompe 13/25 pyetous] ^ito?/a&?e 13/27 brent] arse 13/28 of the yates] dcs parties 13/29 the yate stex] la parte stee (& in
p. 14, 1. 5) 13/29 was made soe maysterly] de
cdiffi.cc si magistrallcment 13/31-3 carpentiye / that of all ye
eou?!,treye of Asie it passed alle other
in efforte and strengthe If It was
made of soo] et charpenterie dc tout
le pais dasic sestoit cnv^rtuee et mise
en effort de bastir oimraige de si
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGIXAL, 14S3.
189
14/5-6 sette in fyre and flammu] mise
en flam ill e 14/7 b''^'' '^s] Commc se 14/8 destroy e] yucrpir 14/ 1 1 tlirowe douu] o?«no/ir 14/14-15 and other / And vnder the
tenebres and derkenes] et clandestviie-
meiU. Et souhz vnibrc dcs tenebres 14/15 clerly at] au cler dc 14/16 vpon his harnoys] mioil sur son
harnoi-s 14/20-3 by o^*!^ ^n^ ^'^^^ ly^iynge many
yeres, his bloode was wexen colJe
SCO moche, that he myghte not walke
ne helpe him selfe by moeuynge] par
viellessc et coagulation de plusicurs
ans auoyt enfroidy le sang tant que
plies ne pouuoit cheminer ne soy aider
dc motif et local sensemcnt 14/24 helde] Lequelle Anchises tenoyt 14/25 precyous stones] prosperites 14/27 Troye, and grete and diuerce
relykes] [t]roye la grant, diners ih
estranges rcliquiercs 15/35 that it maye leefully be sayd]
g'ue chose loysible scauroit dire 15 1 1 hadde doou her deuoyr, and holpen
to the procreacyon] se fust essoignee
a la procreation 15/2 of mankynde] deshiimai'ns cffcuctz 15/3-4 of Anchises and yolus, lyke as
sayd is / ensiewed] pour destrcmper
ceste onatiere en pitic. Enee acorn-
paigne Danchises et Yolus, ainsi que
dit est, suyuoit 15/5 Nothyng appertenau?it to] et plus
que nafficrt 15/8 dyligently] diligammeut ct soign-
eusement 15/9-10 and alle rafflyd on alle partyes,
wythout ony liope of ameudeinunte]
de toutes pars sans aulcun anicnde-
ment extrinseque 15/ 1 1 to many one] a maint couraigc 15/11-12 her swete firste lyf, and now
her deploracyon] sa doulccur J;
dcploration enroueez 15/18 SCO berynge his fader] ainsi
attourne 15/19-20 to beholde theym wytlioute
pyte / but yet more pyetous to telle it] de le veoir Mais qui plus est de louyr scullement Ic faiet cnnari-er 15/26 maleurouse and vuhappy] mal-
extrcioscs 15/28 vacabonde] vague 15/31 vmtdes or wawes] vndcs 16/ 1 -2 of the wawes of the see] de
vagucs sur la mcr 15/2 in the Royalme] cs parties septen-
trionnallcs au royaulmc I6/10 to edyfye] afaire ediffier 16/ 10 takynge it] prcnaut imissancc I6/12 come not] tendre I6/19-20 to-fore the confusion and
vtter dystructyon] durant la confus- ion ct lextcrmine I6/23 engynes] engicns I6/29 a white bulle as crystall] vng
grant toixau blanc comme cristal I6/33 sette] sitiiez et assis 17/7-8 By the inhumanyte and wycked-
nesse] pour hcmanite et maiihiaistie 17/10 lytyl hylle or mountycle] petit
mont 17/12 smalle busshes] ruisseaulx 17/12-13 by humydite and hete] ia
pour la chalcur humide 17/15 named in frenshe murtyllers
cornyllers] nommcs murtilliers cor-
nilliers 17/16 the hille ... an hye] ledict
Tnontignon . . . espate 17/17 shadowed by gi-ete space the]
donnoit vmbre spacicuse au 17/19 entencyon] lentention dicelluy 17/20 of the bowes and braunches]
frondages dicculz 17/21-2 we englysshe men . . . halowe]
du pays francois . . . celehrons 17/23-5 somer / In strowynge wytli
herbes, and settynge vp of gi-ene
trees and bowes, in the chirchcs and
chappellis for to refresshe] ceste
enfro'iulissent Ics egliscs les carefours
ct lieux publiqius jmur excouir <£;
afrcchir I8/3-4 on bothe sides] The French tvood-
cut shoivs a doublc-hladcd axe, one
head or blade on each side of the helve
190
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, I4S3.
18/5 s'^yue or guysarme] hcsagne lS/5-6 hevve and smote douii]/ra^^a I8/7-8 soo ciitte and entamed] entames I8/9 a sourge of blacke bloode drop-
pynge] vne sourgon de gro sang noir
distillant I8/11 droppes of bloode . . . slievvjmge]
goiUes . . . monstrc I8/12 abasshed and dredefuU] espouu-
ante I8/15-16 bi grete humylyacyon of herte
and deuoute afl'ectyon] no French
for this I8/18-19 goddys of the forestes] decsses
dcs forestz I8/20 gyue] donnsr et hailler I8/23 adoured] inuoques I8/25 to arache or plucke vp] darachicr I8/26 empesshed and letted] cmpeschcoit I8/27 niyglite] sens
I8/28 to demeane this to] cc demener en ISj^o that other ayenste the branche]
lautrc pie myst contre la terre noycl-
euse dudict arbre I8/31 oute of the lytyll hylle] stir ledict
monticule I8/33 myghte] vei'tu 19/1-2 sorowfuUeand bywepte] esplouree 19/3-4 to the . . . thy] de soy mesme
. . . sa 19/5 piyued fi-ome his lyf / or] priue de
vie: sur vng corps Tiiort, vengeance
si est inutille 19/7-8 goode frende, I, very sorowfull
whiche so moche haue loued the] bun
amy lasse dolant que iay tant ayme I9/10-11 made theym vegytalle wyth
sencyble moeiiynges] les vcgctoit de
motifz scnsemcns 19/13-14 requyred . . . poursiwe] re- clames . . . pcrsccuter 19/17 hidde & couerde vi\Ae\\fardce de
coutocrte de 19/18 worlde] siecle 19/22 arrettyd] luy a inMigue 19/24 the ryche men suffretous and
poure] les plus riches souffreteux 19/26 by] & de
19/27 shewe and manyfeste] magnifeste 19/28 bloode] sang gros et noir
19/29 woldeste haue cutte] tu tcs voulu
efforccr de cou'ppcr 19/30 of thyse] vcnu dicculx 19/33-4 liath aroused the erthe] &
cspandu sur la terre 20/1 defoylle] soilles 2Qj6 bylde] extrairc 20/7 of Trace] tracois 20/8-9 made bastelles of vrerke &
ouuerage] bastimens douuraige 20/14-16 is destenyed to the . . .
fruytes / for there to be releued. And
to comforte] test . . . frugalitc destine
pour nice rclcuer et consoler 20/18-19 full of fylthe and ordure, by
the blody faytte] enordie par la san-
guinolancc 20/29-30 tymorysite . . . Insolute] tre-
meior . . . insolite 20/31-2 to the palate of his mouth] a
lencontre de son palaix 21/3 cause] cause
21/10 Thobsequyes of Polidorus] Com- ment en faisant ledict sacrifice les
dieiix& ydoles furent orncs sus laurel.
et comment les dames desch<iuclecz
plaignoyent la mort dcs nobles 21/13-14 so was the aulter . . . And
therupon putte & sette] si furent sur
lautel . . . poses et mises 21/16 reed] cocte rouge 21/18-19 wyth bendes of his whiche
enu3a-onned] de bandeaiolx de lin qui
les enuironnoit 21/22 chapelettis] chapeaulx 21/23-4 montycle or lityl hylle where
as Polydorus was buryed] monticule
de. Palidonts 21/26-7 raaye surmounte the infecte
odour] la fade infecte odeur . . . puisse
cstre surmonte 21/30-31 retchynge ought by theym
selfe] tenir compte dclles 21/32 dyssheuelled, or bare the heed]
dcschcuellces 21/34-5 oute of theyr wyttes] ebetccs de
Icur sens 22/4 bokettis] coqucctz 22/9 mo?(tj'cle or lityl hill] monticicle 22/16 long and many] per pluncurs
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 14R.1
191
22/19 lohn bochace] ichan boccace (iehan boccasse below)
22/22-3 Here bigyniieth . . . ca . . vj"] 1W French for this
22/24 Tliat other daye ... I redde] I Anticr . . . lisoic
22/25-6 hath spoken, & in brief] a bien parle tfc 7iiis en brief
22/28 chyuau?iches] chcuanccs
221^1 moche more] grandeynent trop vuoiculx
23/5 wordes] plusicurs parollcs
23/7 niedeled] Caxton has not englisht the following : Mais linfurtime des- tructio7i dc plusicurs auUres aduient soiiucnt 2}ar auluri ccis inopinc. Dont la cause est la tente et aiwns incogncue tellement que Ic premier effect sc demonstre par expcriance sans scauoir dont ce procede Qui souuent donne a^ix ignorans Ics causes dc tresgrant admi- rations, et souspxionnent la chose estre aduemte com me par destinee disant ces choscs Et cos accident a culx estre ennexez a leur suppost par na- turclU adhesion et nc sen pourroit separer sam corruption de luy qui nest pas chose veritable scion lopinion dcs maistres.
23/15-16 the falle and caas otherwyse than vyrgyle hath] le cos ainsi qtte vied Virgillc
23/19 the his] le sicn
23/24-5 other grete falles] et par aultres grans cos
23/33 to shewe alle a longe] de mectre au long scion
23/35-6 the recommee of dydo, other- wyse callyd or named Elysse] la renonwiec dydo auUrcment clissc
24/4 as here after shall ensiewe and folowe] ai.iisi
24/ 10- 1 1 deuyne reno))imee / as to the hye name] diuiiicusc renommcc comme est Ic hault nom
24/12 thauctor] lactcur
24/16 k redyng] et rediger
24/19 dedes / iayttes] fais
24/20 souuenauwce or remembrau?ice] souucnance
24/23-4 sholde be wytlidrawen / Or otherwyse sholde haue be forgoten it, and put in oublyan?!ce] Oic aultre- mcnt il auroyent mys en oubliancc et a ccsic cause en mcmoire
24/25 fonde to note wyth rede colour or ynke] qui denote rouge couleur t7-ouucrcnt
24/27-8 firste capytall lettres] premi- eres lectres
24/34 dyuulgcd & shewed] dluulguee
25/8 thyre] chir (so thronghout)
25/16-20 the lugemente that to hym was fortunat / that he was so biene- wrous that he was emonge all other estemed to be most in loye & gladnes, consideryng the beaute and bounte of dydo his wyf, And also of grete rychesses] son iugemcwt qite hey estoit fortune qtci suruint a sa femme Lars hioieuree yssit du lieu ou tous Ics mortelz hommes ont estime naistre toute liesse cesi ascauoir dcs ricJiesses
25/23 of whiche goodes & rychesses] dcsquelles
25/32 and dyd do slee Acerbe or Sychee] No French for this
25/33 wyf] aimje
25/35-6 syncopysed, & syghed] sinco- ]}isoit
26/2 sourges wellynge vp] sourions a quatiqueulx de la
26/3 doun by] contre val
26/4-6 And thus the sayd dydo suffred grete payne for the grete and harde syghynges & heuynesses] que eaues dieulx pour les grans et durs souppirs tristesscs amertume que ladicte dydo souffroit
26/15 thenne] lors
26/17 she comened wyth the] si quelle communica aux
26/24 wythstande] ohuier a
26/26 Elysse] astiice
26/28-9 molcste and greued] molcstee
26/30 mayntene] maintiens
26/32 places] licux et places
26/33 true frende and loue] loyal amy
27 1 1 nayssau?(.ce' and byrthe] naissaiice
21l() Tliir] chir (so always)
192
COLLATION WITH THE FUEXCH ORIGINAL, 14S3.
27/11 to escliewe and gaynstonde] ohuier a
27/15-16 of brasse & coper . . . many- festely or openly] daraine . . . viag- nifestcment
27/26 sackes of brasse and coper] sax^hes jjlauis daraine
27/31-2 nauye / I doubte nothynge] naibigaige ie ne retwcque pomt en double
28/17 furyouse woodnes] re?ic?'ic
28/18-19 that be shall moche sore tormente vs] et croies quil nous /era mectre en grans tourmcns
28/20-1 wythdrawen & taken awaye] souhstraict
28/22 in gree & gladly] voulenticrs en gre
28/23 no culpe ne blame] nulle coidpc
28/24 grieuous paynes & myserable tormentes] grief ii,cs paincs miserahlcs
28/28-9 I shall abandouue my lyf wyth you] ie pardonneray a ma vie ct tmos temps f Cray compaignie a vous
28/33 dwellynge] mencion
29/1-2 pyetous prayers] prieres pitcuses
29/4-5 to habandoune & leue the swete cou?i.trey] dahandonncr la doulcc tcrre mere ( Yet Caxton left out the ^Mother country !)
29/7-8 prores or forsliip whiche lay to- ward the cou'/itre of thir] 2Jrores dc leurs nauires quiestoyenttoutcs eontre chir
29/11 vaticynauwte or propnecyeng] vatici-Tiant
29/16-17 of surete for to abide] sc2ire dcmouree
29/19-20 were well pleased wyth] rauis- sassent
29/25-8 And in conclusion, they de- cended from their shippes to the lande, and at the ryuage of the same they toke indede Ixx maydens, and anone putte theym in- to their shippes] tant que a la fin du monde, eon-sen- dirent sur Ie bort du riuaige dicelle terre, & la ravirent, Et dcfaict tajUost mirent eulx ou nauire soixantc et dix pucelles ou ieunes filles
29/30 Wynne ye duete of] gaignier Ie deu de leiir
30/3 arryued in] en
30/4-6 and boughte as moche londe or grounde / as she myghte conteyne wythin the space of the hide of an oxe. in whiche] achata tcrre du large ditnj cuyr de beuf ant
30/15 whiche] quelle
30/16-17 after dyd doo cutte hit soo in a thonge so smalle and longe] tost reduira en vne quarte quelle coppa si tresmenumciit
30/18 quality ce] quantite
30/19 Inhabytantes sellars] vendeurs habitans
30/22-3 gi'eued thej^m, and tlu-owen theyra] agites
30/33 holde parlyamente] parlcmeutcr
31/5-7 oughte to make an ende of their fuyte or fleeynge / and anone elysse or dydo] debiooycnt imposcr fin a leur fuite Et tantost elysse
31/9 of brasse & coper] darine
2,1 j 12 gretly encoraged] animes
31/13-14 concluded anone to buylde k edefye a newe cyte there I K\x6. caste & toke] commencercnt pour gecter Jc a prender
31/21 wyth wallis autentyke] dautcn- ticque muraille
31/23-5 cyrcuyte of the place was euuyionned wyth the thonge of a skynne or hyde, as to-fore is sayd. And the castell of the toun was named biose] la 2}lace ou circuit du, lieu fut tout emtironnee dune qicarte comrne vne pcau de parchemin, ainsi comme dessus est dicte et nommce larer ou chastel de la ville biose
31/26 they hof Tir] Ics tirans
32/2-3 vnmesurable] iminense
32/4 Thir] chir (but tirans above)
32/8 circu?«.iacent & neyghbours] cir- cunuoisines
32/11-12 the guyse / the facons ... of the cartagyons] Ics geste^ ct aussi Zfs facons des cartaiginois
32/18-19 thj^ng slypper & lubrik] chouse lubricque
COLLATION WITH THE FREXOH ORIGIXAL, 14>^:].
193
32/19-20 to brynge hir iu-to exylo] luy
cM sours tout exil 32/23 pvudencej prudence de dijdo son
royaulme 33/5 dydo] elisse 33/7 of thyre or thyrayn] tiraiii 33/9 to lyiie after the mariere] et maiiiere
de viure 33/1 1- 1 2 whiche for to doo they knew
uo man cowuenyent] qui pour y
enuoier y fust asscz idoinc 33/13-14 his owne londe] son irnys ou
terrc 33/15 so vyle / terry ble & straiDJge lyf]
vie si terrible et estrange 33/16-17 ^^ menaced and thretenyd to
make warre & f^'ght wyth theym]
il les mcnacoit de hataylles 33/19 prynces] jn-inces dessusdit nommes 33/19 shewynge] remonstrant 33/22 to Tse siiche as] prendre ccllc
dcs 33/24-5 tliat one muste deye for tlie
salute & wele of your couHtrey]
mourir jjour le salut du pais 33/25 coJicluded so to doo] drlihrrrs a
ce /aire 33/27, 29 y" publike . cou?itrey] Ic
bien publique. (The ^contrary' &c.
is Caxton's. ) 33/30-1 dyde demau/ule] fit dcmandcr 34/1 had lieuer] ay ma mieulx 34/4 seeyng] vo[;ant lesditz princes que 34/5 ^ ^^ ^'"'] prenant en son 34/8 that they] quelle 34/12 in flegyble] enflebilc 34/14 preterit] preterit 34/16-17 but she muste promyse to
make this maryage / the whiche she
accorded to theym, and hehle] promts
a Icur faire ce mariagc Icur accordoMt
lauoir 34/18 Induces and space] induces 34/20-1 In this t3''me durynge] Et ce
pend/mt 34/22-3 sette and ordeyned] emparee 34/24-5 And after this, she blamed
longe] puis longuement detestoit 34/28 in late tyme] en peu de temps 34/29 with the] nu EXE Y DOS.
34/31-2 well happy tlreyiig] fuitc
hiencuree 35/ 1 conuerted and chaunged] conuertic
et muee . . . fust 35/7 busshes and woode] bon boys 35/9 phice] place ou lieu 35/10-11 pj-etous . . . playsaunte to
the] pit'mse . . . 2}'ncatiuc des 35/13 payenge the extreme tribute of
reiTlembraunce] pi-iant le tribu dc
extreme soutcenance que iamais puis
apres ne ne deuoit cstre ramembrcc
par racorda^ice 35/15 clouen and broken] brisez 35/16 woode] buchier 35/19 citezeyns] citadins 35/25-6 i«nocente blood whiche macu- late & bysprange all theym that stode
by] sang innoeueux qui macula toutcs
les arcomstajiccs 35/31-2 for to kepp. hir cyte & the
cytezeyns vuliurt] ^jo?(>' les garder
immunes 35/34 ony] aiilcunement 36/ 1 sorowfull] plaintm-euses 36/2 were co)?cluded & brought to] a
cell amene 36/6 callyd] appellercwt et noTame^-ent 36/ 1 2 And after] Etfirent apres 36/ 1 6 dedyed & halowed] dedicz S6I17 enbraced] collec 36/19 A comendacyon to dydo] No
French for this 36/21 digne & worthi] dignr 36/24 cruel] cruelle ce petit nombre dans
qui pouuoit remendre a hi, vie future 36125-6 thy pudyke chastyte vnhurte,
wythoute ony spotte / than to rendre
or yelde thy selfe] ta pudite illese
sons aulcunnnent maciUrr que toy
rendre 36/28-9 by thuMtrue note of lubryke k
slypper luxurye] de laiiote indelerille
de lubrii-que luxure 36/31 thy] toutcs 36/32 goten fame k reno/nmee] occupe
renommre 36/33-4 by whom he is repressed fro
his lybidynous desire] de libidineux
desir prtrquoy est rcprime
O
19-t
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 148:i.
37/4 breste] nohle po Urine
37 Is tytle] tiltre
37/5 loange / preysynge] louange
37/10 crayntyue, I addresse] incraintiue sadrece
37/11 that haste strengthe] as seur a CCS force
37/17 lacyuyte] laciuite
37/iS and iu-to benygne] et hcnigiu en
37/19-20 name and fame] nom
37/21 merytes] doulccs merites
37/22 chaste clennesse] lonnestete de pudetcr
37/27-8 Thir . . . Elysse or dydo] chir . . . dice
37/34-5 that byfelle to her] M iusques a lors a elissc
37/36, 38/1-2 of the deth of the sayd dydo / I shall reheree here after now in a nother maner, whiche is to be presupposed was moeued of] ca eiiau- ant est Men cy a presiipposcr
38/4-5 by cause of] ^^^is pour le
38/6-7 the moste fayrest of theym all] la plus belle
38/9 troye / after the aiege] la grant troye ai)res lexition
38/14 Neptunus] neptimus
38/17-18 empesshe the goynge] des- tourber ou empeschier lalee
3S/20 parellys] 2}erilz
38/23 desire] duction
38/26-8 goddys to be stypended / and sluill doo honoure to theyr frendes / and treate theyr lygnage and] deesscs stipendier ses amys, Iwnneior feroit a toute leur lignee, les
38/29 the goddys] Ics dieux dessics nommes
39/13-15 Cordes and ropes broken, And crampons of yron wrythen a sondre and plucked oute. the shyppes & vassaylles] rompre cordes et arachier crampons de fer et leur ataches vais- seaux
33/18-19 vorages, & wawes] vorages vndees
33/20-1 guile or throte wyde opene]
goulle baiee 39/31 separed] lu7ig de lautre separe
40/5 fortunes] diuerses fortunes 4O/10-11 And in desceudynge and com-
yuge a lande in to that . . . tlydo]
descendant en icellc terre et en la . . .
fenice 40/16-17 fayr and well byspoken] bien
deuisant & beau parlcur 40/18 loued of alle men, & preysed]
loue de tous et prise 40/28 e9?.prynted] imprima tellement 40/32 rebouted & putte a backe] re-
botctant 40/33 the lampe / and tlie] la lampe du 41/1-2 How dydo cou?!seyllid wyth hir
suster anne] N'o French for tlvis 41/3 by though teherselfe, and purposed]
se pourpensa 41/15 obfusked / endullyd] obfusque ill 17 nyghe kynne and pai'ent] prou-
chain parent 41/18 very table] verifablemcwt 41/20 delyuerynge andgyuyng] boillant 41/22-3 to yeue to dyuerse creatures /
and maye be supposed] faire aux
suppos 41/24 chief werke] cliicf doexoure 41/27-8 and drede theym fleynge, and
kepe theym] crainte les fuit et tient
entre ses bra^ 41/29 -A-iid yf it happen theym to entre]
qtianf ilz entrcnt qioi en en [sic]
adiuient bien a faict 41/30 in corners] es cantons 41/31 the grete fote] les grans picz 41/36 god forbede] ia nawiengne 42/2 comynge to tlie chief of] vcnant a
chief de (accomplishing) 42/3-4 yf it that ne wei'e] se nefust 42/5 to abyde and be] dcstre ^•1117 molyfyed] /t'c/«' 42/20 not for that] ?iore pourtant 42/22-4 to plonge and submerge me
vnder the botomes of the depe pa-
lusshe infernalle] saudoyexox aux
vynbres palantcs vmbre dcnfer et
parfonde 42/31 graue vuder the colde marbyl
stone] scrqueuz dessoubz la lame 43/1 Thansuer of Annne to hir suster
dydo] No French for this
COLLATION WITH TIIK FRF.XCII ORIGIXAL, 1483.
195
43/5 reuerte] conit^rtir
43/23 fyie, lyghte, nor flamme] fere
flainhoyaut nc lumicrc pareillemcnt 43/28 solycytude of thy] solitude de scs 43/31-2 maryage, aile is to hym as
ryght noughte] mesnaige . . . Tout
est neant 43/33 lette] nwjrc 44/4-5 I'euthes noyous, vpon a damp-
nable mynde aud folysshe remem-
braunce] rajrcz c/iuicicx en soiiueiuincc
dcmneuse Ail6-y of the infernalle mausions]
de7ifer 44/9 renyue] remuer 44/13 thyre] chir 44/16 byloued of the] amcz 44/20 viidresette] submectrc 44/33-4 myro;ides, that are folke with- out Rule] vujrodes geixs sans frain, 44/36 folkes fllodes or ryuers that shulde
terapre] flcuiies oti riuicres de lunuur
de 45/4 thire] chir (and so all through) 45/6 of lyght] de legicr 45/10 somtyme] few 45/14-15 deritynacyes haiie fauourisshed
the well] destinees out fauorise Ics
biens 45/16 ryche nauye] 7muire 45/29 atysc & drawe] atire 46/4 erased of the grete tornementes]
froissees des grans tourmens 46/6 contradyction] eji contradiction 46/7 apposite] oposite 46/12-13 aduysed and shewed] aduiscs 46/i8 esprysed] embusses 46/28-9 where bifore the aulters] par
les autcls 46/30-1 sheep weders for to doo sacre-
fyces destynated] brcbis et mouluiis
pour sacrifices destinees 47/6 there dedied and doon] dxdiee
faict illec 47/7-8 custome that was vsud at that
tyme] coustume 47/8-9 In to the temples and symula-
cres, knelynge before the awters] par
Ics auteh par les temples et siiaula-
cres
47/11 cntraylles] entraillan li- es lacm-
bres 47/14 ouerserche] recherche 47/24-6 grafted and myscrably sette
wauynge and tournynge here and
there wythin] aree & acysee miser-
ablcmcni en tant quelle vague tour-
noyant par 47/28-9 an hynde that is rouglit to the
herte wyth an arowe] la bicJie naurcc
dung dart jyar sang iusques au ctieur i7 / 26 Thy ve] chir de sydon 48/6 oure] tivp 48/7 Of it tliat other parte] daultre
part 48/8 appareylles] cormis 48/20- 1 launchynge theyr bryghte
sparkeles] estincclant 48/23 li^r bedde reste] les rcpus de sun
lit 48/32 emonge] alcunesfois 49/9-10 Inexplycable occupycd, as
transported and rauysshed] rauie
et transportee inc.vplicablemcnt 49/11 the] les aultres 49/12 of Inperfection] dimperfcction
sans plus greuer ny auant y beson-
gnier 49/16 were robuste and rude] se am-
dissent 49/22 The stones] la petite 49/30-1 spredde wyth mosse all to-
tourne / rusty] mossucs d: brisrcs
toutcs raoullcs 50/2 contryste] eontestcr 50/4 goodely and grete chore] granl
recueil 50/21-3 eneas, whiehe thynge myght
be broughte to effecte / so that ye
wyll be] enec atirer tO ioirodre auous
a ce qne saves 50/26 noyes] noise 50/27-8 for the constructyon and ma-
kynge of] en faisant 51/27 felawe] compaignie 51/31 this werke] la besoigne 51/34-5 shalle movve be broughte abontc]
poira de legicr pinrfaire 51/36 chasse and hunte the wilde
bestes] chaccr
O 2
196
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGIXAL, 1483.
52/4-5 to the vttir-moost of the game,
welle chaffed aftre the bcstes] aux
effors Men eschaiifes apres la bcste
SU7- la point des cjrans dilUgences qne
low f aid en tcl can 52/9 lyghtnynges chorascacyous] cs-
clistres covrufscations 52/12 fuUe hlak and obscure] obscure 521 ly the wedrynge] lora/je du temps 52/20 forest] forest siisdies 52/24 were not of accords fo[r] the]
fusses daccord dii, 52/27-8 Of the grete tempest and
storme atte maryage of theym] No
French for this 53/2 to couertely and close] t7-op clan-
dcMincmcnt et a macetes 52>ly his trayne] ses hrisecs 53/12 one from the other] lung lautre 53/14 for to renne after] <t lesser courrc
a la leuec 53/16-17 theyr brackes, retches, and
bloode houndes] des aidtrcs marches
Icurs redes aussi & homers 53/25 her fayr palfrey] la hacquonee 53/27 appareylled and couered] comcerte 53/31-2 pourfylled] horde 53/35 ryche gyrdell] surcaincte suranrre 54/1 wythfyne cloth of damaske] dune
figure de satin 54/4 Thus appoynted] c?i ce point 54/13 vpon the flode] Ic Jtcime sur le
fleuuc 54/18 semblable] semhlablement 54/20 doo ryse] se teussent 54/26-7 garlandes of leues grene] chap-
peaulx de verdure 54/2S fyu gras] haulte lice 54/31 becomen fyers, and] senfierissent 55/ 1 the yonge yolus] enee [orig. en ce] 55/ 1 y'' ladies] la dame hbll dales and narowe wayes] landes ct
destroiez 55/8 Ascanius or Yolus] ascanins 55/9 corrageous] ardant 55/21 the blewe cote] la cocte perse 55/23 of thondre] de gresle tonnoire 55/25-6 nor made no force for it, with-
standynge] tie tcrioycnt conte nou
obstant
55/29 atte astryffe] a lestrif
52/30 acquyred] acquerir
55/32 wedrynge] temps
55/34 mysell] de hresil
55/36 agetted] agictoit
56/2 backewarde / forewarde, and atte
eyther side] arriere oil a coste 56/4 by] daultre part 56/6 enf[l]a;ftmed] aflambe 56/i2 nyghte] nuyt loute noire 56/20 the fallyng] ses agouz 57/1 1-12 whiche is more lighte than
ony other thynge] qui est celle ainsi
qu,e Ion dit fame est vne malic mes-
chine dont il nest chose phis legiere 57/29-30 facultee and power for to
reherce and saye] faculte de potcoir
dire 57/32-3 ladyes, gentyll wimen] damois-
selles] 57/34-5 rewthe ne regarde to no manere
of lesynge] regret a mensonge 57/36, 58/i wynges alle of fedders]
routes de plumes cmjianees 58/4 vpon her] c?i son corps 58/6 stylle without ceasse] tousions et
satis ccsse 58/15 what rewle is kept in] du gou-
uernemcnt de 58/20- 1 pynacles and toures / and wyth
theym that kepe the day watches]
pinades et auec les eschanguetes 59/3 lordshypes] et scigneuries 59/11 hadde esprysed her owne herte
wyth the loue] sestoyt enamource 59/15 a-renouse] areueiix 59/17 Gzamas] Gazamas 59/19 construed, edyfyed, and made]
construit et cdiffie 59/20 othre saci'aryes] aultrcs 59/22 the daye watche] cschangucre 59/27 good odours <t swete smelly nge]
bonnes odeurs 59/28-9 garlandes made of fioures that
he gadred] chapeaulx et floretes quil
amassoyt 59/32 wrathe he begate wythiu the
roote of] coureux en 59/33 hesyde hymself] hors du sens 6O/4 pycture] paincture
COLLATION WITH THE FKICXCH OKIGIXAL, 1183.
197
6O/5 wynes] ros tins
60/ 1 8 coiwitrey of ytalye] cite de troie
6O/20 ryghtwysuesse] iustice
6O/29 to receyue] et a recpu
60/34 j'elow as golde] iannes et dores
61/ 1 8 wynges empared with fedders]
dies emplumecs 6I/23 by-fore] imrfakric 6I/26 lyf determyned] vie a &\l21-% kept and saued hyni two tymes] regardanncs deux fois en champ de bataille 62/2-3 hys grete worthynesse] ses grans
vaillances 62/13 What mystreth hym to edyfie]
q\xe,l hesoing est il quil ediffie 62/21-2 for to fullefyile his wylle] pour
ce /aire 62/34 recoumtred] encontroit 63/2 other] aioltres de son temps 63/5 for to susteyne] poar en apvier et
soustenir 63/7 of sapyn trees and of hooly trees]
de sepuis tt de houlx 63/8 beten & cast] agitcz de vens plams
et nues obscures 63/1 1-12 grete flodes, & fojitaines rening doune without cesse aloHge] fleuues etfontaiaes decorans sans cesse descen- dans par 63/13 borders and shores] orees 63/14 thycke yse] grans glasons 63/16-17 vncles brother, vnto his moder named laye] ancle frere de sa mere 'nomniee lay a 63/19-20 lowe, & syn hie] picis has 63/ 20-2 1 roches alonge the shores]
rochicrs et riuage 63/22 pruneth or pycketh her] se sore 63/26 & other grete cdyfices] ediffixes
et arceaulx 63/28 bystoryc or wepen crysolite] bis-
torie ctosolite 63/32-3 cremoysin alle drawen oucr wyth gokle wyer, right waujitauly wouen] cramoisi de tire a bordcurc dorce tresmignolcmcnt tissue et assise pardessus 64/IO What Cometh to the byfore] qitcllc te vient
64/II-I2 abide ydle in tliis laudes of
Lybye ? wylt enhabyte thiselfe] de-
mourer oiseuses tcrres de libic? dont
te vient eelle grant laschcte de couraige
de vouloir habitcr 64/15, 16 of this thyng / whiche vnto
the oughte to be desiderable] dcsirant
chose 64/22 loeuynge] louenge (praise) 64/30 gresell] hericer &f>ji wythsta?idyng] actcndu 65/7 byfalle] cas 65J14. doo make redy his shyppes] ap-
areiller et mectre en point le nauirc 60/17 couertly] repostement 65/20 of a feynynge] de fainte ce quilz
Jirent 65/23 from herselfe] liors du sens 65/27 habandoune & leue . . . stroof]
habandonner . . . debatoii 66/8 styre her selfe] dcmener QQjc) as a mad woman, as thyas . . .
passed] comme au . . . temps passe
faisoit thias QQJ13 feest]festo7i7ians 66/18 thus rennynge aboute] ce faisant 66/19 reforced] rcnforce 66/23 rewthes and complayntes] cfc
coraplains regretz 66/25 vntrue] desloyal 66/26-7 to make me a-knowen therof]
le me dire 66/31 the worshyp] lonneur 67/4 doled out of ye sure waye] foruoye 6 7/ 1 1 tyme] temps et facillement 67/14 onghtest] dcburo is 67/i8 flusshyng dou?i] decouraiis 67/26 lonely countenaunces] entrelO'
mens 67/30 anemste] enuers, (& for 'of,' 1. 33) 67/34 that by me cam] par moi 67/35-6 poure desolate frende] pouure
desolee 67/36, 68/1 broughto to the poynte
mortalle] assolee 68/3 courage] ouraige (heart, mind,
purpose) 68/4 ayenst] enucra 68/7 hate and banc enuye atte me] moy prills en grant haync
198
COLLATION AVITII THE FRENCU OKIGINAL, 1483.
68/8 hoc praysyiige] lus dkdlc
68/10 was electe & taken vp] cstoyc sur
totUes eslciic 68/ u is now, by thy departyuge, so-
daynly] et en ce soudaine en est par
toy 68/13 kynde loue] donnce 68/ 1 5 that lightly forgeteth his lodg-
ynge and the place] do'nt nest record
dclostcUec nc mais du lieu 68/19 no thing abideth with me nowe]
ne me demeurc de present 68/22 hope] espouer 68/26 Yarbas] carbas 68/28 yf afore] sauant 68/30 in] aual 68/34 whyche shulde asswage the] et
laquelle 68/36 I shulde thynke that I were not]
aduis me fust ncstrc pas 6916-7 moenyng hym self in nowyse]
semcut auJc'uncmcnt 69/8-9 sighyuge sore] soiq)2nrajit 69/ 10 sayd in this manere] va dire en
CO langaicje 69/13-14 as longe as lyffe shall abyde
wythin me] totos les joiors que ie
riuray et tant que Icsperit de vie se
pour a soutcnir sur moy 69/16-17 vnknowen to the, but sliolde
haue sygnyfied it vnto the] <£-• sans
le te signifier 69/21-2 to be at] /am; du tout 69/26-7 in short, preceptyue] en sort
preseptiioes 69/32 a stronge lande] pays estrange 69/33 meane] moycnnes 70/5 places] rameaulv 71/1-2 furyboujide & furyous] furicuse 71/4 one thynge of a long while] aulcim
agucci 71/5-6 intrysiuque wythin her hert]
intrinseqtce 71/7-8 was neuer borne of no goddesse]
ncfut nc de deessc mere 71/1 1- 1 2 harde stones] grosses pierres
diures 111 17 to deuoure] dcmourer 71/23 growyng oute of the gi-ou?ide]
asccUce
71/29 subsiduous] suhcidc
71/35 madnesse] dioeric
72/10 I wote not] No French for this
72/12 to me, thys vnhappy] a ccste
malcurcuse 72/13 wul permute rigoure to equyte,
in this bihalue] et vueilles en cesle
par tie parmestre equite a rigueur
iaviais ne fault atcoir fiance en qucl-
quefoy que Ion promcct 721 ig lyghtly & gretly] liaultemcnt et
magn ificquement 72/20- 1 domakeayen, that was reduced
all in peces] tout rcfaict qui estoit
reduit en pieces et eselaz 72/29-30 augurementes / the sortes
preceptyue] axoguriemens le sors
pouures du, pais 73/1 secret nor couertly kept] reposte 73/4 othes] paritbrcmcns 721$ about] einpesches 73/8 ryght stedfast] tresasseure 73/9 for to conferme] pour 73/16 calle after] so7ine 73/19 suche] aulcune 73/26 and taken awaie] ou ostee 74/1-2 made redy] apirestc et orne 74/8-9 in a swoune, as alle ded to the
grounde] taute pasmee et ataclicc
comme toute morte sans remiter
aulcunement 74/11 lityl bedde] couchecte 74/17-18 & went his wayes for to see
his shippes] faisant a la visiter son
nauire 74/22-3 hauen in-to the rode ; made
cores] port dambas tout en la haulte
iner faisoycnt rains ct aultres aivyrons 74/23 comynge new] yssant 74/24-5 toke . . . and foyson of other
tymbre, for to apropre to] sann
aultres chappusages pixnoyent affmxc
et afoison pour 74/z§ of one wylle to haue furnysshed]
enlentis de quippcr 74/29 euyn soo as] to%it ainsi ct en la
maniere comme 74/30-1 a shokke of whete or] vng
gerbier faict de formcwt ct 75/1 to swepe] ncctoycr
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
199
75/2 bystoweth it] le meet en sauf 75/4 coinetb agayn] a tourner arricre 751 1^ teTjs]pleurs 75/14 compliiyntes, callynges and la-
mentacyous] du7-s soupirs quelx cla-
meitrs plaintes et sanglours 75/15-16 iu the highe lofte of thy grete
towres] sur Us haultcs terraces en
esparius de plus grans dehtes tours 75/22 foandreth]/o7(< 76/3-4 loye & gladnes, that maketh
my sorowe and heuynes to be moche
the greter] lioise qui me rengrege
de trop pl\xs ma destresse 76/l I socorus] secours 76 ji^ euyl corag] 7nal afaire 76/33 rented, vyolated ne broken]
rompu viole ne brise 76/36 to leue me aside] i&uter arricre 77 jg so dau?igerouse] tout dangereux
et foruoie 77 III loue] amour dM grant dueil adolee 77/15 facely & lightly] facilement /aire 77/23-4 siiffoke ... of amaritude . . .
reysing] suffoqucr . . . dainertttme
. . . resource 77/27-8 I shalle make thee myn heyre,
to enioye &; receyue, after my detli,
y" renues of all my londe] apres ma
mort ie te laisseray poior heritiere dc
quay este toiUe ma succession 77/33 feble] slebile 78/5 caste] agicte 78/9 shake & bowe] demaine 78/ 1 2 auTicient . . . olde] et lancienne
souche . . . fort en vielly 78/15-16 styl ferme, & moeueth by no
wyse] sajis moiouoir nullement 78/28-9 ouer them that ben afSiged]
aux affliges 78/34-5 foiuulryiige in teeres] esploree 79/1 to wyshe deth] a son haider la
mort 79/4 ye lyghte of] la lumierc <& la
clarte 79/7 sorowe] pleicr et grant tourmcnt 79/12 sawe & aperceyued] aj^perccut 79/26 suster anno] seur 79/35, 8O/1 curiously ifeproprelykerued]
moult mignotemcnt entaillees
80/IO-II gooyiig vuder of y*" so/nie] couchant
8O/14 the owle] la voix dc b^ frczaijc auUrcment dit chcucche
8O/16 dooth quake & fereth] /aid fremir
8I/4 her hert semeth] luy resemble
8I/15 the niarche of thyr] lavienchc dc ck ir
8 1/26 a rageouse franesye] /rt'7ic47'c
8I/34 brekeu and marren] rcsiduil et retaillant
82/2 natives] natures
82/8 dysplaysures] plaisances
82/13 cadinus] cadmtos
82/15-16 & iDryncii^ally in . . . wherre he made] ct cm2Jeu2>la . . . Jist
S2/24 whiche haply] Lequel espoir
82/25-7 & alle be he dombe or spechclos, yf he take the lettre vnto hyni wliome it is is dyrected vnto] ou soit muct sans parlor nullcment tout aultrctant mais quil bailie la leclrc on pcut scauoir celuy a qui sadressc
82/28-30 he shall therby vnderstande the desyre of hym that hath sente suche a messager vnto him] co/nme silfust aupres dcscriuant
82/36 to purpre] tt apourpree
83/i the pourjire clothes] les pourprcs
83/3-4 gi'ete capitallo lettres] grans lectres
83/4 princypal] p^-incipes
83/6 mayde fayre] parees
83/9 senoyses] scnoises
SZ/i^ eme?ides] enmendes
83/20-I dlstourne & haue hijnse[l]f] soy cuydcr dcstoitrner et mcctrc
83/30-1 the hope of his en tent] Icspoir ou lesperance dc son entente a cause dequeues dietes turbacions et mesme- ment dicelle vision des troys deesses furies mfcrnalles
83/32 aHguysshes, sorowes & heuy- nesses] angoisscs douloureuscs et tristcs
Sijy suster] se^ir germaine
84/13-14 Of the wordes of dydo to hir suster anne] For this, the French has the heading, H Comment ct en quelle manierele roy Cadmus trouua pxtmier
liUO
COLLATION WITH TlIK FUENCII OUIGIXAL, 1483.
Irctres ct art dcscriptarc cl la istolre de liorrestres filz agavicnon. Et com- tnent les troys decsscs infcrnales saparurcnt a lentrec du- temple apolin. (A cut follows, of a King on his throne giving or taking a crown with his right hand to or from a person on his right, while others kneel before him with offerings in their hands.)
84/26-7 or the sojine goynge-vnder] de soulcil couchant
84/31-2 thaxtre . . . of theuen] Zc a;i7 . . . dio ciel
85/3 Operydes] csperides
9if)l$ and techer] leur enseigneresse ct doctrisse
85/7 goddesse] deesses
85/io of thai tendynge] du, pensetnent
85/i2 of the holy brau?tches] de sanis rameaulx
85/13 of golde] dor emereus aio iour day dicell'uy csperides
85/15 wete] doulces
85/27-8 and to the contrarye, putteth loue sodaynlj' in-to theym that hap- pely thinketh not vpon] enuers cculx qui ^jftradiccM^iwc en sont giceres entalentcz
85/30-1 werkes ... to tarye & areste sodaynli the flodes & grete ryuers] bcsongnes . . . darcster tout a coup les Jlcuucz
85/36 constrayneth theym often by nyghte tyme] ^xtr nuyct souitsntesfois iuno qui et les coatrainct
86/14 ^^'«t I haue enterprised fermly my wyttes therunto] qite si auant iay entrcprins de ynoy cmbatre
86/20 secret] secret que tu ptorras
S6/22-3 for whouie I calle 'alas that euer he was borne ' / whiche he] q\ie oncques nefust il ne quit
86/25-6 in my priue closet . . . many a night, he & I togider] en nostre scur . . . maintes nuytees
87/6 body] })erso7ine traussie
87/22 with a grete] dassez grant
87/26 suffoi;'»ge] suffonger
87/28 costume] coustumc
87/29-32 ouer the ymage and fygure of
eneas, that she had doo make after the semblaunce of hym, for to be breute ther with her] <£■ aiossi mis par sur leur se2nolture qui estoit illcc pour bruler Umage <0 figure d'encc quelle auoitfaict a sa semblance
88/6 charmouse] chermeuse
88/12 moder] mere ctachee
8S/20-1 So that men myght saye that it encloseth] et pourroit enclorc ohscurte diviser triplicite et dire
9:9s J22i this lady] colle diane
88/25 venemouse] vomineuse
88/27-8 freshe and newe mowen k taken] nouuelles soyes
88/29 sercles] faucilles
88/30 and of] tendant a
88/32 foole] jMulain
88/36, 89/i, to gyue hym souke] de le nourrir ct alecter
89/2 the skynue ' mortalle loue '] la peatb de Iwmour matcrnelle
89/3 after the saide prestresse] selon la pretresse inuiter
89/4-6 luste to souke hys moder, but yf she liketh or eteth the secondying, or atte leste that same skinne that he bathe in his forhede] sens a leche ne a la mengie. la seconde ou autmoin^ leschie celle peau qtcil a au fronc sur son museau
89/9 ageynst the same] chose contre elle
89/ii that] par son commandentent
89/ 1 1 rounde] ronde aupres des autiers
89/15 in syght of alle the] Et est mix
89/ 1 8 denounce] denotent
89/19-20 mercyfull god and pyteous ... to receyue] dieu, piteux . , . de reueoir
89/29 is paste and goon] failly
89/34 nuysyble] inusiblcs (for nuisiblcs)
89/36 yocked] atellees
89/36 silence] licence
90/1-2 poundes and ryuers] las Jk limeres
90/8 fenyce, elysshe, or dydo] lafenicc
90/ 1 1 lityll] pouurc petit
90/12 atte her lierte] sur le stomac par la nierite de dormir
Cur.LATloX WITH THE FHEXCH ORIGINAL, HSJ.
201
90/16-17 repieuynge tlie peiiuremente of Laoinedon] a laomedcs. In the French cut. Dido is sitting on a broad canojiied throne, with 5 listeners round her, 4 on stools.
90/22 shalt thou niowe become / must I] pourras tii dcuenir me fault il
90/32 me] moy qui sont cncoires tous dcsrois
91/22 conuenau)«ted] commenca
91/23 ^ tonne] xng imiy ou caque
91/24 the walles rou?tde aboute the cyte] la dousture et muraille tmU atitour de ladicte ville ct cite
91/29-30 doo ne pave ony thynge] riews faire
92/1-2 Of the vysion that Eneas hadde for to departe towarde ytalye] No French for this
92/10 or] Oit sil vault micux
92/18 namly] mcsiiiaiLcat
92/30-1 solysitude . . . resolysitude] solitude . . . resolitude
93/4 madnesse & forsenerie] forcencrie
93/6 what eyleth me] Helas ct que me failloyt il
93/7 ^^^ly haste thou, not] que mas tu
93/10 alone] en vie solitaire toute seulete
93/12 alone by theym selfe] aparelle
93/21-2 langour mortall] ynort cslan- gouree
93/23 so ferre doled from my wytte] tant foruoye tant hors du seiis
93/31 takled] equipee
94/11 thynkyng] pensant oit cogitant
94/13-14 doo y^ to destruction] te crauante
94/20-1 commynge . . . with torches lyght, And cressettes esprysed of fyre brcnny[m]g] guerroier . . . fallos trorches ct irando'ns emprins et alumes dcfeu, ardant
94/23-4 yf thou be foujide wlian tlie [s]prynge of the day shalbe comen] se cm point du iour len te treuue a la riue
94/28 endulled] adolee
94/34 a derke cloude, & vanysshed awaye sodaynly] la nuyct obscure hors Ics metes dc lutnicrc veue.
95/1-2 How Eneas encyted the patrons & maysters of his shippes for to depart] U Comment et par quelle ray son fist tramys a Ence vng messui- gier semblable a rnercure pour le faire legieremcnt et hastiu,ement nagier en la mer pour fouir fortunes catamites perilz dangicrs ct amertumes de la belle dydo
95/9-10 & made theym to take their oores in ha?ide] seoir les compaignons cs bans jyrendre les rains et aduyrons
95/13 lygl't soone] tantost et hastiue- ment
95/15-16 sayles & cordes t/iat were wytliin the shyppes] cordes qui esto- yent au nauire
95/18-19 hymselfe & all his] c/i soy . . se
95/27-9 yf her moeuyng were irryted ayenste vs by pestyfere influences, & bryng vs sauffe & peassyble to the portes of ytalj^e] Si aulcunement estuyt yritee encontre nous la transu- mant de pestiferes influences et nuissi- bles en fortunes salutaires et paisible.s
96/5 thei carfe waie in the water] dcffendre la faisoyt
96/7 wawes] repostailles
96/15-17 palmyerus. . . of eneas shippe, ben declared, whan he nij'ght not withstande ne contreste] palmurus . . . du Tmioire quent il ne pouuoit et ne scauoit contrester
96/19 maister] maistresse
96/21 cast hem in to the ysle] les agita au royauhn^
96/23 be-grauen] scpultui-e
96/33 illustre & illuniyne] illustrcr
97 j I calompniouse] calinieicses
97/3 smothe] esgal
97/5-6 sawe the saylles . . . made good waye] vit et appcrceut les voiles ten- dues . . . sen alloyeyit
97/9-10 mad & beside herself] /orccrecs
97/12-13 saufly the false & euyl man eneas] faulcement ce mnluais homme ence et desloyal
97/15 send after hym, & liy] Icnuoycr a
97/16 liryiig allc to delh] (oict a mort
202
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
97/20-1 kylle & slee, ami brynge theym
alle to] a sang et a 97/24-5 lbu?idi'e & droujie altogider in- to the botome of] Effondres tout dedans 97/29 doo . . . ferre out] que veulx tii
/aire . . . foruoyce 97/35 this thou sholdest haue doon
that tyme] alors 98/1-2 by the, made wyth theym]
leiirs eussent f aides ne promises 98/5 the . . . k'\ses . . . ct a la 98/6-7 wyth thyne] a tout 98/8 gaynsayd his goyng openly] mis
contr edict 98/ 10- 1 1 wliiche thyng thou knew, and
was doon in thy presence] a ton sceu
et a ta presence ^ijiS Ascauyus] astameus 98/18-19 to haue sette hym in stede
of other seruyse atte] len sericir
dessus 98/21-2 the fortune of ba[ta]ylle is
doubtouse] cest chose doubtetise des
aduemcns de hataillc 98/23 haue doo brenned] faire hruler
d: ardoir 98/25 purchase] prouchasser ne allcr
querir 98/28-9 and myghte haue slayne, brent
hem . . . haue doon wyth theym
after] ou Ics faire bruler ct ardoir en
Icur ncfz . . . a 98/32 0 fayre so?me, that shyneste full
bright] souleil cler hel relicysant 98/35 with] ensemble 99/2 highe] de chate 99/9- 1 1 concluded & delibered ... I
goo delyuere me vnto . • . punyshe]
deliberee . . . ie me uois liurer . . .
prouuer 99/13 receyue] ouir 99/14 be so] ainsi que aidtrement ne
pent cstrc 99/15-16 ordeyned that . . . vutrewe
man] voulio ct oj'doune . . . des-
loyal 99/17 alonde hole & sou«de] en tcrrc
certainc 99/21 cruell / stroHg] etforl cruel
99/24 pntte ther-from] dehors 99/27-8 namely of Ascanyus his sone, and ])ryuated] de son filz ascaniws pimst il estrc tous temps priue
99/29 to hym also be gyuen by] lay soyt aussi
99/33-4 be he] soyeni (applying to ' his folke ')
99/36, 100/1 present, be put to an- guysshe . . . tormente] luy presoit . . . tonrment iusques a langoisse dc mourir
lOO/i shall] vouldra
1 00/4-5 folysshe enterprise . . . hurt & charge] /oWe . . . charge
100/6 in a rage & grete sorowe] la rage en douleur de fieure affunerec
IOO/11-13 nedefull . . . goode] souffre- tcuse . . . seurc
100/15-17 dounbe beste, be he caste in-to the depe shadowes of hel, ther to suffre tormentes right horrible & cruel] beste mue de vioj't trcsorrible et cruclle
100/23-4 & frendes alyed / & alle they of your affinyte] alicz et affins
100/32 enmyte & mortall hate] hayne mortellc et inmutie
101/3 dethe] vies
101/7 V isa.y ge] viare
101/8-10 that god forbede it shulde so come to . . . without to haue peas] ce que ia ne puisse adtienir . . . sans auoir sans paix
101/17-18 shall slee & distroie] occira
101/19-21 he shall make to be byhedde, & tlieire me?nbres to be broke?! & all to-hewen] les testes ct membrcs tran- chier
101/22-5 within his prisons shalbe flain from bed to fote ; ye other he shal doo cast out of y^ wiwdowes dou?!- to y* pauemeHt ; & to other he shal make theire eieu to be pulled out] escorchicr en ses prisoiis aultrcs fera gerctcr mourir de fnin et les yeux arachier
101/29-31 shall tourne them in to grete mendycyte. Theyre wyues, that thenne shall be come to the astate of
COLLATION' WITH THE FRENCH OIUGIXAL, 1483.
203
wyJowhed] poicurcle mcdre Icurs femmes vcfnes 101/36 and imtte oute of] et de 102/2 detbyled] kdciujcs 1021^ vj'rgyni's] vicrgers pucelles 102/9 Hanyball] hambal 102/19 tray tours troians] traitrcs 102/21-2 to them . . . euer more] aux
ytaliens, et a leur oner parfonde noysc
contient debat et discordance soycnt
entre etclx tousiouis sans deffaillance 102/22 enraged] /orii02/ee 102/24-5 fro all partes ... to tliewde]
<£; agictec de grant forccncrie . . . de
parfincr 102/25-6 whiche she can support no
lenger, soo weri she was of it] que
tant hey niiyst de phcs la supporter 103/4 for to be rydded of her] pour soy
delle mieulx dcs2}cchicr quelle allast
Micker sa seur anne et la /aire vcnir
a elle disanl 103/9 \>y uncles] pi naclcs 103/14-16 of the styge . , . grete
pou«de . . . brymston] oil, Jieuue du
styge . . . lac . . . souffre 103/21-2 timt . . . flood] ses cJioses qui
. . , Jieuue [Styx] 103/24-6 after thise thynges." this said
. . . suft're it] Apvcs ccs ckoscs dictcs
. . . supporter 103/27-8 that quyuered & shoke of
grete rage, & ejttred into a grete
fransie] qui se print a trembler de
grant forcencrie entra enfrcimisie 103/31 to torue in to a wyked kynde,
and in a mynde] mucr paruerse
■nature 103/34, 36 grene . . . balle] vcm . . .
prunelle 104/8 lugyng] inxlicatiuc 104/14 betaken & cast, went & mou/ited]
agictee se p^-int monter 104/19-20 the whiche dydo, alle thus
vexed & troubled in her wittes]
laquclle aliisi forcenee 104/23 remenauwt] demouraiis 104/29 wolde] tout voxdu et pccrmis 105/8-9 wythin my stremes of the sec]
en ma Icrre
105/10 intryiiserjuc] tresiniquc 105/18-19 vitupered so sore and defyled]
tant laidcngee 105/28 kendled in this place] alume IO6/7-9 so that the swerde entred
within her brest, vnto the bake of
her] tout au trauers pcrsee IO6/12-13 atte the poynt of detli] nt
larticle 106/ 1 8 attones] a coup sans inter ualc
tout le suppost dicclle IO6/20-1 alle couered & defyled] /ovf^'c 107/2-3 wyth fire alle kyndled iu a
flamme] enflambe defeu 107/6-7 sorow and grete niooue] dueil 107/10 madde & out of her mynde]
desUyCC (£• liors de son sens foruoyee 107/13 and alle to-cratched] descliirant 107/23 slyped] esmouluc 107/24-5 to haue be departed one from
the othre] dcpartir nc separcr dcu-
semblc 107/32-3 thou wolde neuer hide from
nie] mas roulu dccelersans riens muccr
ne plus que de roy mesmes 107/35 caste me thus abacke from]
mcslongcr tout liors de IO8/11-13 vilete & shame . . . fowlle
befalle] villctc . . . lait cas IO8/21-2 hath extyncted oure goode
renomraee, k brought vs in a grete
blame] no^is a estaint et a couppe tout
nostre ataintc IO8/25 and] A conynoyssons IO8/27-8 sorowe and heuynesse . . .
made it clene] douleur . . . lessuya IO8/33 elbowe] coude sans nuUement y
2Jouoir parler IO8/33-4 sore faylled, of the dethf]
aprouchans de la viort 109/1 wasted alle awaye] dcffailloyt 109/9 Elysse or dydo] elisse 109/12 the rayen bowc] lart du cicl 109/18 coenclyued] coaduncs 109/31 that be Inueterate] inueteres 109/35-6 she maketh scabbed and lull
of ytche] la rouge et gratcllc 110/3 ;ippiiyrctli] rabesse 110/5 wyth fyltlie] dcchassie 110/10-11 hath awaye fro llieym
204
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 14S3.
... all theyi' stiengthes] leur
cmblc 110/13-14 And after, she maketh . . .
bowetli theyv bodyes] puis . . torfaitz 110/15 hangynge theyr hedes to the
grounde-warde, alle full of care] tovis
chagrigncur 110/18-20 taketh theyr fayr colour
awaye, and maketh theym as pale as
asshes . . . wyth a highe coloure ouer]
appullist toutc Iciir coulcur . . . tt
trop 110/21-2 yelowe . . . lykerousset] Mans
. . . gris 110/22-3 of an olde here / She after
shorteth theyr retentyue brethe]
vrcine puis leur alonge latcutiue 110/24-6 And noon otherwyse it ys to
be supposed, but that she doeth in
lyke wyse of alle the renieuaunte]
<b ne pc'Ut pas demorer sa)is panser
trestout la rcmentcr 110/29 ryueles and fromples] ridures 111/6 Of the beaulte of dydo] Av French
for this 111/8 proserpyne] meschine 111/18 wodnesses of helle] derniercs
infernalles 111/20 subdued and submytted herself]
voulu s^cbiuguer a seruir et soubz-
inectrc 111/29 she that had submyted her self]
subrtiissa 112/2-4 persone . . . parent heyre] pos-
ses^sion . . . prochain 112/7 tlie fyrste yssue] lainsice 112/9 311'i reparacyons] reparacioiis et
soutenemens 112/12 in her, beynge in this posses-
syons / that is to wyte] en estre Cestc
possession cest 112/15 and hathe alymented and nor-
yshed her] alimentee 112/19-20 qualyte, and ryght egall in
proporcyon] cqualite et droicte dispo- sition 112/21-3 fayre heerys and long yelowe
tresses, hangyng betwene two shol-
ders to the heles of her] Car deux
cspaullcs Ungues traisscz iusqucs mix
vng
talons dores d; blans contre
bascin 112/23 brod and highe ynonghe] asses
hault enleue 112/24-5 traytice and broun . . . a-
cordyng to the same] votiz et traitiz
. . . bises brunes 112/26-7 ^ fayre & well compassed
visage ouer] beau tour de visage a
mcrueillcs sur 112/28 A meane noose, not to grete
nor to lytell] Ic nes vioyen 112/33-4 with a bryght hew there-
with-alle, some what tendynge to
the rede] bise suruermeillccte 112/36 traytyse on the backe syde]
votis en arriere 113/1 spotte or macule] macule 113/2 smalle, the sholders and the
backe flat] grcslcs les cspaulles arriere
le dos batz 113/6 withoute eny blemyshynge] auec
lentredcux sus esleue sans aiccunc
laidure 113/8-9 ^^^^ sorawhat small on the
neder parte / lytelle feet and smalle,
with the toes well enyn sette togyder]
grcslete par le bas. les pies petis. et les
dots bicn serrcs 113/IO-II fuUe swete and smothe of
skjmne] soucfue charneure 113/12 euyn] vnis 113/13-15 sadde of behauoure . . .
contenaunce . . . replenyshed of all
good condicyons] maintien rasis . . .
maniere . . , et de tous bien auecqucs 113/24-6 the falle well vnderstande,
well assoylled well & deffended, may
welle haue releuement] du cas bicn
entcndu bien assailli bien dcffendu
pour bien auoir releuement 113/33 tygres] aux tiges 113/36 of dydo] delisse 114/2 from] auecqucs 114/4 a grete pas] a grant erre 114/6 folke is propyce] gens 114/9-10 how Eneas sallied, & how by
tempest he arryued in cecylle] No
French for this, but {ns in other cases)
a ivoodcut
COLLATION' Willi THE FRENX'U OHIGIXAL, 14S;j.
205
114/12-13 of tlie giete moone that . . .
after] (jiie . . . en sa contree 11 4/ 1 8 stronge weddre arose, that
brouglit to them] fort temps Ics leiui
en 114/20 hahau'/idouned theyr . . . here]
commanclcrent Ics . . . allcr 114/24 kynge] roy ct sire 114/27 the goddesse wolde] Ics dieux
le vouloycnt 114/30 Soone after ceassed the tem-
peste] Aprcs Ics parolles ccssa la
tempests et tourment 1 1 5/3 he wolde make] estoit 115/8- 10 Wherfore . . . shewed there
theyr i^rowesse, Tourned theyr horses,
and ranne and lepte] a ses icux se
pmtruoient Adoruqucs . . . de leur
proiiesse faisoient taurs des cheuaulx
et sailloyent 115/14 in peyne for to doo well] en
paine 115/22-3 that were within the shippes
... In a fyre] des ncfz . . . emprises 115/26 broken of theyre longe vyage]
debrL^ce 115/28-9 went with other in hys com-
panye, and] <fc vint premier a encas
apre-i les aullrcs que 115/34, 11 6/ 1 were not able to here
armes, nor for to goo to batayalle] en
bataille maistrc nauoient 11 6/3 iiewe] 7-ctorec 11 6/5 Accestre] aslroin 1 1 6/6 gonerned] fondee 11 6/8-9 thoos that were stronge, and
that myghte welle endure the tra-
ueylles of bataylle] tous les aydablcs
(b lesfors II6/11 gode and socourable] secaurahlcs II6/14-15 he lefte behynde for to en-
habyte] estoient logez et laisscs 1 16/ 19 to be hyssed vppe, toke vp theyre
ancres] tendre 11 6/20 rode] riuayc II6/20-2 Thenne myghte ye haue seen
the ladyes and other wepe full sore /
makynge grete moone for] ct y eicst
grand doulour daucuncs gens que
encas laissoit. car les dames ploxivoicut
11 6/26 vpon the forcastell] vers le bout de la ncf
II6/28 landed in] priiulrent port a
II6/29 Tulyola] culiolia
11 6/3 1 gatte hit] la tit
11 6/35 cause why] cheoi^on
II6/36 slialle leue awhyle to speki-] rous deliray
117/1 Pasyfa] ^aZi/Vi
117/5 wyth chylde] ensainte
117/6 her tyme was comen, she was delyuered of] elle fut deliuree de sa portcure si eust
117/1 1-12 shytte hym vp som where in a stronge holde] lenfermer
117/12-19 And for this cause, was dedalus sente for to the kyng Mynos / by whos requeste & co?/unaunde- mente, this dedalus deuysed & made a house of merueyllouse comx)osicyon, where were asmany walles as were there chambres, that were in grete nombre ; and euery chambre was walled and closed rounde aboute, and yet myghte one goo from one to a nother. And yf some body] fut mande dedalus & si luy fist faire vne maison mcriteilleuse autant daul- tre cloisiore & at chambres que an monde nauoit creature si
117/20-1 the firste entree therof, for to come oute ayen] Icntrce
117/21-2 and whosomeuer went in, after he was ones paste] puis que vn ^xcssoit
117/23-5 he myghte neuer come oute ayen / and wyst not where lie was. Wythin this place was Mynotaurus broughte] que dnocnoieut ceulx qui dedevs estoient
117/28 this foureten] ceidx
117/34 he wente and soughte after] si quist
11 8/4 Theseus] thescnon
118/6 valyaunt / and hardy] & hctrdi
118/8 made hym redy] appareilla son, crre
II8/14 wolde bryngehym ayenne alyuo] le vouloient. Quant 11 fut venu entour
II8/16-20 amyable, and that was come for to be in thraldome vnder her
20G
COLL^\TION WITH THE FUEXCII ORIGIXAL, 14S3.
fader / slie liaddo pj'te of liym / and for liys laonneste behaiioure / Began to be taken with liis loue / And vnto hym vpon a daye she sayde] aucnahlc clla layma mmdt <t luy (list II8/25-6 re(]^nyred and asked liym]
rcnquist II8/27 pyche and towe hothe] i^is on
poll lis, '3 1 coune chewe it so moche] tawt
mascher II8/32-3 sholde not swalowe hit. nor haue it out of hys niouthe] le pcuM auallcr ne endurer 11 8/33-4 thus besy and sore occupyed]
a ce cxitcndroit II8/36 botora of threde] lineeul dc fil 119/2-3 goo forthe, wyndynge of this liotom of threde tyl he he come to his aboue of hys entrepryse] lyra desuelopcnt tant quil aura fait sa besoigne 119/4 shalle wynde vp to-gyder] suyura 119/5-6 lyghtly to the fyrst dore where
he went ynne] arriere 119/6 by the counseylle of] pour 119/7-10 and came ayen oute of the place full soone / And anone after, he toke Adryane wyth hyni, and secretely entred in-to his shyppe / and made as goode waye as the wyndes vvolde] si sa mist puys en sa nef tO sc mist en sa voye 119/11 Mynos] mynos qui moult fat
doulcnt quant it le sccust 119/12 this goodie] ceste 119/13-14 commamided hym atte his
departyng from Athenes] dit 119/30-1 wynges, and fastened theym
to his armes] alles en ses hratz 119/32-3 connyngly made] pa,v grand
maistrise 119/32-3 and flouglie oute at the wyn- dovves fro the prison where they were. But] si montcrent sur les fen- cstrcs <fc vollarent tant que 119/35 wax wexcd hoote, & beganne to
melte] cschauffa la cire 120/4 Thebes] tunes I2O/10-11 arryued in the saide yle of
Enlyola] arriurz (C'ax. Tulyola, II6/29, Fi'- euliolia) 120/14 went Eneas/ and there he woldc reste hym self awhyle] print repos encas dcuant qwil allast en ccllc ville qwi est en celle forest 120/15 Cryspyne] crespie 120/18-19 this mater I leue, for it is fayned, and not to be byleuyd] cefut mcnsonge 120/19-23 will knowe how eneas wente to helle, late hym rede virgyle, clau- dyau, or the pistelles of Ouyde, & there he shall fynde more than trouthe. For whiche cause I leue it, and wry te not of it] ct- qui la vouldra trouuer si la quicre on [en] romant dc eneas ou en viryille 120/23-4 had taken his I'este there awhile / he and his folke departed from thens] sc psA'tit dc la 120/25 ytalye, in a] ytalicen vne 120/26 tonyre] toine 120/28 maryners] maistres mariniers 120/30 entred wthin the hauene] prin-
rent port (Cax. has ' wthin ') 120/34 lauyne] laume (always) 121/1 many one] lien sachez que mainfz 121/1-2 to be theire spouse] en mariagc 121/4 pi'cu and hardy] preux 121/7-8 Here It is shewed how many kynges had ben In j'talye afore that] Quantz roys auoit en ytalic quant 121/11 that successyuely] (j'ia 121/12-13 Lanus, whiche dyde enhabyte there lirste, & peopled the contree] lanns 121/15 auctours] acfcitrs 121/17 was a lyue] cstoit 121/24 lulyus] iulicn 121/25 Suluyus] siniiws 121/27-8 consulle of the loude] con-
seillcr 121/31 eneas & of his folke] encas 121/33 trenchers] taillouers (50 years earlier in England the trenchers were always of bread : see my Babecs Book) \22ji all that was lefte] tons leurs aultrcs reliez
COI.LATIOX WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 14S3.
207
I22/5 a vysion] ditiision
122/6-7 I'uleef or brokelynges of his
borde] relief 122 1 7 his] Icur 122/13 fynysshed] assigne 122/20 tolde hym] 7-endirent que 122/25 Tonyre] tonire. 122/28 Lauynus] lamimMS 123/10 barreys] licez 123/19-20 of peas & of alyaunce] paix 123/20-24 3.nd that he was not arryued
in his londe for to doo to hym, nor
to the contrey, ony do??image / but
besoughte hym that he wolde not
lette hym of that he had enterprysed
to make a castell vpon his grou?tde
that was begowne] & que en sa tcrre
auoient prinsport & quil Tie le greuast
pT.s en son chastel fermer 123/28 wente] vindrcnt & errcrent 123/35 wyses] /aeons & manieres 124/3 wente a pase afore theym, and
cam & shewed] sen alia en la cite
purler 124/7 riche & pesable] richcz 124/30 and also ryglit and rayson re-
quyreth that ye doo soo] <£• si y av^rez
droicture 124/33 dyoneus] clioneus 125/3 comme In-to thys londe] ^/-ancZrc
ceste pavt 125/9 hadde] hero 125/ lo-i I hadde lefte and habandouned
our owne contree] en paxtismes 125/15-16 hurte, domage, negreuauwce]
grexiance 125/21 our permanente residence] ar-
restance 125/23 Dyoneus] Ylioneus 125/26 7 was . . . pri?tce of grcte lorde-
shyppes] eut . . . grand scigneurie 125/31-2 ioye & good chere to y« mes-
sagers of eneas] ioye atox messa-
giers 125/35 dyoneus] eliuncns 126/ 1 praysed moche the troians] prisa 126/6 Darynus] Annius I26/11-12 mused a lytyll in hym selfe]
pense 126/31 chaio] char
127/1-2 altogyder as it was sayde and
doon] tout laffaire 127/6 aryued in that londe] armcz 127/12-13 buylde and sette]/er»;cr 127/21 frendes and kynnesmen] amys 127/26-7 gyue tlieyr doughter to a no-
ther, contrary to their promyse that
they hadde made to hym] cefaire 127/29 to make vp theyr] en sa 127/31 Lawrence] laurence oic les nour-
rctons dit roy estoicnt 127/32-3 to hunte the wylde bestes]
chasscr 127/34 Syluya] salma I2S/4-5 layed her hande oner him, for
to make hym fayr and euyn] Ic
plamnst 128/6 fed] affcre 12S/II espyed] cJieoint 128/12 rought] ^er6*« 128/15-16 cryed and made mone after
hys manere] hrayt 128/16 Syluj'a] salma 128/19 an-augryd and wroth therforc]
cov.rronce 128/27-8 the most strengthe was styll
with the men of the' countree] la
force si en estoit aux paisans 129/2 chasse & dryue] chasser 129/6 eflbrt made, & bigge estoure]
estour 129/28 lawrence . . . ascanyus] lauirc
. . . ccstamus 129/30 ma,dG]fureni moult 129/31 mescayus . . . eausus] mcsanciwa
. . . lansus 129/33 of ytalie] dypolite 129/34 canulla] decanula 130/2 of medc?is] de chirs tfc de pucelles 130/23 palatyne] palalin darcada 130/28 Falencya] pahaiicia 131/3 and sayd to hym] pour ce quil
le chaseoit de son royaulme. moult
sentrceommanccrcTit bicn en 2-'^yl(t'^i^
euander dist 131/12 that were strong] plus fort 131/15 paleiice] plaisance 131/32 euander, & walked] <& a la
dcpartie se pasma le roy. atant sen
allcrent pnkis (d eneas <i- errcrent
208
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, USi.
132/9 and made hem redy vpon the]
et se apparcillcrcnt A ordonnercnt
aux 132/11 visus] nisus 132/12-13 k eight felawes with him]
espcroanant luy huyticsmc 132/15 out] hors seiorement 132/18 dart] espiot 132/19 touine of] torn- par 132/20 he, & the other eyght] luy
huyticsme 132/25 weute] commence a alter 132/26 see and knowe] scauoir 132/27 sonest] myeulx d; plus legicre-
tncnt 132/30-1 that were nyghe the shore,
for the men to come a lande] uu
riuage 133/1-3 sholde not flee thy derwarde for
to saue theym selfe. They dyde
thenne asturnus hadde co??imaunded /
and brenned alle the shyppes] ne sen
fouisseut. lots mirewt le feu es iif/z 133/12 made goode chere] e^itendireut
dc faire feste 133/17 fortresse] forteressc. car il estoit
a grand plantc pour est re cntour la
mote 133/17-18 But noo body durst not
auenture for to goo to hym] mes nul
ny ala 133/21 for to entre vpon] dauoir 133/24 assured were, not doubted]
asseuez estoient ne ne se donUoient 133/33 waye thyder] contree lean corn- ea i?z.9 133/34 shal be rewarded ryght welle
therfore] en auray grant vieritc 133/35 vnderstode hys fclawe that
spacke soo] se troutoa Men viocque 134/2-3 be so famylier, and haue hadde
so goode felyship] /leu tant de piriuete
tfc conjiaignee 134/9 for to goo to eneas] a f aire 134/15 & also my self] db roy (?) atissi 135/1-2 to telle that that was to come]
de deuincr 135/26 they hadde on theyre hedes]
erialns auoit en sa teste 135/30 {ox6s\] forest en signe
136/i hvas.i'] forest a sonne
136/2 path] sentier prestez
136/9 swete] beau doulx
136/13 noyse of the horses] bruyt des
cheuatdx et la noyse 136/17 his enmyes abont his felawes]
entour son compaignon 136/25 horse] chrual sans moult dire 136/31 doun ded] tout estandu 136/33 The French chapter-heading is,
' Comment le connestaMe Jit couptpn-
les testes a deux compaignons, d; turnus
les flct rtirctre s^cr deus lances, A
porter dcuant le chastel. ' 137/4-5 bolcus, the conestable, to be
alle forceiied wyth grete rage] a
fronccr vohrene de mal talent <£• de
grand ire a alumer 137/6 cam] venoient a dire ne qui ce
leur fasoit 137/14-15 bolcus smote eryalus] voulcnt
fcrir crraclamcm 137/18 bolcus] volcmos 137/27-8 as longe that he myghte
stande] pour garentir sa vie 137/29-30 wel sharpe ciittynge] Iran-
chaws ft esmouhocs 137/33 Bolcus] folzcus 137/34 Turnus] erst 138/1-2 sawe there theym that made]
trouuerent 138/3 tentes] tentcs <lb mrsmcment nu-
mowtor y estoit grand doleur dcmener 138/4-5 sholde he] fust grnerallcvient 138/7-8 made ... to be smytten of
from theyr bodyes] ft prandre 138/9 and] il les fit 138/II fere and abasshe] esbahir 138/15 the place] aiix murs 138/i6 17 trompettes for to gyue a
sharpe sawte] trompetes <£• biissi^ies en
lost po2cr assallir moult aigremcnt 1 38/20 theyr pauesses] targes 138/22-3 logges, wyth sharpe yron atte
the ende] cspieuz aguz 138/25-6 walles of theyr fortresse] mur 138/27 all-to burst theyre bodyes] tout
leurs corps 139/4 the toure on a fire] le feu en cclle
tour qici tantostfut par tout cspandu
COLL.VTIOX WITH THE rUKXCH OUIGIXAL, 1483.
209
139/5 "lie in a ilame] cnhrasce 139/ 1 o, 13 Elecor] liccors
139/18 of the other] daultre auoir graiis ojisuulx <£; pcsaiis
139/31 tidyiiges] nobles nouuellcs
139/33 ^^'s^s to grete] moxbltfut laidaigc au jjort
140/1-2 his knyghtes also, for to lette thej'iu of theyr lamlyng] sa chcuakrie
140/2-4 Eneas, that wyth his barons that were iu his shij) wyth hym, was landed first of idle / And defended the porte ayeust] piii/s que e)icas fiU sicr terre et qtoil fut arriue ct monte sur son che2uil il Jit tircr arriere
140/7 of the one parte / And of the other] dune part ct daultre
140/8 atte his comynge vpon, he ouer- threwe & slewe Sythera] dc prime face quit arriua il occist chytcrca
140/12 there] qui adonc vcist palas comme il fasoit merueilleux faiz darmcs et tons les aultres aussi. La
140/14 happed] ctduintdont ilfut moult doulent triste et courroucc
1 40/21 wrothe and sore an-angred vpou] courro'uce & bicn Ic compavarcnt
140/26 afore] deuant. <{; saclicz qite moult vohintiers souffrirent contre leurs ennemys pour eulx vengcr aux espiotz tranchans et asserez cfc a^ix esijces
140/28-9 the dethe] lamour
140/31 valyannt I iireu] preux
140/32 fende] dyahle
lilji harme, and euylles] de maicx
141/2 dyde transforme hym self] se mist
141/14 sette nought by hys enchaunte- mentes] ncn chailloit gueres
141/16-17 of Eneas that was nyghe by the shores] du riuage
141/31 that heelde hit] de quoy clle estoit atachee a^c port
142/1-2 Eneas smote Merencyus wyth his spere in his thye a grete stroke] increncius ferit eneas dune espee en la teste [cuisse in the after text]
142/4-5 DVrynge this while that Turnus wende to haue chassed Eneas] Entre- tanl
KNEYDOS.
142/5-6 thyckest presse of the bataylle]
hataille 142/7-8 to theii- deth wyth his swerde]
a martire I42/11 soo sore an-angred he was] tant
estoit courrouce te (ef) forcenne 142/14-5 hadde broughte hym to this
grete sorowe] auoit embate en ce
point 142/16 slayne afore his cyen] destran-
chier 142/21-23 of tonyre, wyth the streme
that was so bigge, tyll that it cam
in-to the hauen of the cyte of darda,
wliere as kyng daryus] dantoirs nar-
resta oncques detcaut au port de la
cite le roy darinus 142/26 Lansus] lazus 142/30 troians] gens eneas 142/33-4 afore hym] deuant luy a dextrc
et a scnestrc 142/34 sawe hym] le vit et laperccut 143/4 espyotte or spere] cspiot 143/6 sore an-angred . . . ranne vpon
Eneas] moult ire ct courrouce . . .
luy courut sus a toute lespce nue 143/9-1 1 his wounde bled alle to sore /
and yet was a parte of the spere
wythin / that greued hym ryght
sore] encores estoit la cuisse enchantee
de la lance 143/15-16 Lansus sawe his fader meren- cyus thus sore hurte] lenfent fut
ainsi veto nafure son pcre 143/21 teeth] ^les 143/24-5 made his wounde to be shwed
vppe]/asoii couldre sa playe 143/31-2 wyth the corpus / makyng
gret mone, & cryeng full heuely] a
tout le corps a grand cry 143/34, 144/1-2, sighe, wolde haue
hadde grete merueylle / He rented
his clothes, and tare hys herys from
his owne hede, and] doloser <fc scs
cheucux detyrer 144/4-5 to be dressed and bounden vji]
estandre et bander 144/7 y" dethe of his sone vpon] son
filz de 144/9 launche or cast] lancer
210
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
144/14 sonc, I am] fdz . . . que Umt
amoyc vecz moy 144/21 went vpon liym Avith a spere]
Imj lanca vno lance 144/23-4 Theime rose there a gvete
noyse and a grete crye] si y cud
grand cry. 144/27 coude be vpon liys fete] sc sccust
rclcuer 145/2 shyppe, & sente It to his fader]
ncf 145/8 corpus] corps I45/10-11 of a kynge apparteyneth, &
putte it in to a ahippe] dc roy 145/12 goten] conqtccstee 145/17-18 moder in lykewyse, for hys
dethe] mere 145/19 with] 5'ui apportcrcnt 145/23 ha, a] hee 145/32-4, 146/i I make were aienst
turnus, that wold haue lauyne, the
doughter of kynge Latynus, ayenst
the wille of the goddes] a turnus que
le roy latin a safillc fiance. 146/4-7 & that he that sliolde haue the
victorye ouer the other / he sholde
haue the pucelle lawyne, & her faders
good wylle with-allc / and the other
that were ouerconie] sil iieii vueult
lonncur tous les diciix le donroient ct
I autre 146/7 liis lyffe] la tcrre ct la vie 146/9-1 1 & reporto to the kynge that
that I liaue saide, & that I wyll
abyde by. And that he doo me to
knowe] si le dictes au roy ct luyfaictcs
entendre ce que turnus dit ie wus en
diz 146/13 fydelyte] loyauUe 146/25 dyde ceasse] finercnt <fc turnus fut reuenu de sa cite si coxame vous
auez ouy et viiit a laurcnce 146/34 ayenste Eneas / and that bare]
il cnuoya 147/4-5 After that he came agayne
from puylle] d- de la mnoient les
messages 147/9-10 afore Troye / we made to hym
due reuerence] a troyc dcstraire nuus
le saluasmes
147/19 Gatte nor wane] gaignasmes 147/21 knyghtes distroyed] nolle chcual-
lerie 147/26 other grekes] ayaulx dcs autres 147/34 strengthe and proesse] rudesse 147/35-6 two hounderd knightes suche
as lie is, & in theyre cowipanye] c c.
ct auec 148/ 1 troylus] troilus cojnmc ilz cstoient 148/2 wasted & distroied] destruicte 148/3-4 And Also ye muste vnderstande
for veraye certeyne] Car sachcz 148/4-5 recystence that was made ayenst
vs grekes afore Troye] demouranee
quifutfaictc 148/19-20 as longe as that the goddes
wyll be on his side] quant est en la
garde des dieux 148/27 marcheth towards cecylle . .
grounde] sestant iusques en cecille
celle terre tienncnt . . montaigne 148/30 townes, cytees] villes 149/1 for to knowe his wylle in this
byhalue] sil le fera tfc sil votdclra ce
prandre. 149/4 goode kynge] roy chose est venue 149/5 knowe well] ne scauent mye I49/S-9 wherby Eneas is vexed more
stronge] it Men sachez q%ie eneas nons
asserra taiit dedans. 149/15 fyghte hym selfe alone] covnhatre 149/23-4 wyth hym, hande for hande]
qui le huche ct demandc. Then a
fresh chapter U Comment it fut diuise
deuant le roy latin dc combatre corps
a corps 149/24-5 turnus, that was come ayen
to Lawrence . . . Drastes] turnus . . ,
adrasan 149/29-30 wylte not come nyghe yf
thou mayste kepe the a side] nen as
que faire premiers 149/31 firste that shall s^ekd] eneas ct
turnus. 149/33 Drastes] drasan 149/33-4 that he neuer sawe dyomedes
fyghte wyth eneas] <£• a dire gue
encores auoient ilz gens assez iamais
y ne vist diomcdes pour chaser eneas
dehors la terre
COLLATION WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
211
150/2 tliouglie he were as stronge as the deuyll] se il natooit plus grand force que il na.
150/5 the sayd Eneas] dictcs d' cneas
150/9-10 for to comme and take the cyte by force] poior la cite prandre <fc venoicnt pour lassallir
150/14-15 that they sholde be redy right soone for to yssue out with hym] qnil sen yssisscnt a ses murs.
150/16-17 bussyues and trompettes] bucines
150/18 lauyne] V'liAme
150/21 flee, & who sholJc abyde] fuir- oycut
150/25 CanuUa] Camine
150/27 hys knytes] sa com^migiiic et centre sa cheualerie
150/28-9 that Turmis sholde abyde wythin for to kepe the walles of the cyte / And she sayde, syre, lete nie doo with] vous clemcmres aux mu7-s ds la cite et vous ne lairez conucnir de maintenir
151/6-7 crosbowes and my knightes] clieualiers
151/7-8 whan our enmyes shall be come in to / the narow waye] et sil senibat sur nous aincois quil soil hors du dcstroit
151/10-18 ye shall abyde atte this side, for to goo vpon the ti'oians whan they shall come / And thenne came there Mesapus wytli a goode bande of folke, whiche Turnus exhorted for to doo well / and that he sholde fyghte that daye vnder the banner of the noble & preu lady CanuUa / And after that he hadde sette all his knyghtes in goode arraye] This trans- poses & alters the French : et Ics tristramiens comux et taulrix et mesa- pus et tv,rnus en orta mo%t,lt Men f aire [repeated below.] Lars sen dcpartit turnvis luy et sa cheualerie et vons qui demourez comme7iceres le tournay et voxxs et vostre compaignie en ayez la cure ces parolles vint mrsapus que turnna enorta moult de Hen faire. Lors sen
151/19 conroe] couroe
151/20 caules] et caulcs
151/23 fyght togyder] hatailler r/ue oncqMes ny cut traces demandecs ne dune part ne daultre
151/26 atte their comynge handu to liande togyder] quant ilz asscmbler- eni
151/27 And they] taut scntrcmelloycut et
151 /2S thycke and soo fiiste] durcmewt
151/31 rebuked rtieyiii] Ics misrcut a la voye
151/33-4 the cliyefF capytayues of the Latynes, wyth theyr conipanye well horsed] Ics latino les chief z dcs cheto- aulx
151/35-6, 152/1-5 And the Latynes bare theym selfe full well a while, that by force of arnies they made the troyeus to retourne bak / But atte the last, the ti'oyens that were neuer wery of bataylles / made there merueylles of arnies, so that the latynes myght susteyne noo lenger the weyght of they re swerdes / but were ageyne putte abak] quo force Icicr fut de retourner arricre
152/9-10 by force of grete fayttes of armes] a force
152/12 destruction and grete slawghter made, bothe] destruction
152/13 barres] lices
152/15-17 other that were ther, tiie queene Caunle dyde best In armes, and kylled and slewe the troyens on eyther syde of her] Ics conrois y esloit la roync canullc, (Caxton's Caunle is for Canulc.)
152/18-22 a bowe, and a sheed'e of arowes hangynge by her syde ; One tyrue she shotte / Another tyme slio smotto gi'ete strokes with her swerde, and hewe, cleued, and cutted of hedes and armes clene from the bodyes] la/rt et conroye plainc de sagectes dont assez aucuns transclveoient mains bras <fr piez et corps sans attendance
152/26 his offyee] celle
152/27 fayttes of knygthed] chcud.lcrie P 2
212
COLLATION' WITH THE FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
1 52/30 sore moche] moult
152/32 Anyiis] amus
152/34 of the noble troians] Icur
153/ 1 wrathe] ducil
153/2 slayne] tuc <b occis pour sa grand
forcencrie. 153/3 his oroysen] sa raison 153/6 swerde a vengable stroke] esiice 153/6-7 soo that he dyde cutte the harneys / and made his swerde to
entre in to] ct luy faulsa lermcurc d: luy cntana 153/8-9 ferre wythin the body of her /
soo that anone after, she felle ded to
the grouwde : And after] <£• il luy
mist ou corps d-fcr (bfuist ensemble 153/14 feelde] cstour 153/16 fallen doun from her horse]
chcue 153/18-19 began all for to tremble and
shake] fremii'cnt toutes 153/19 recoueraimce] retournancc 153/20 wythin the barreers] vejs les
desirois des lices 153/21 ouer thro wen and cast doun]
dabatus 153/24 of Camilla, the worthy quene]
la royne 153/28-9 chyualre vponthe mou?itayne,
as it is said afore] chcuallerie 154/4-5 the Turnyens . . . wythdrewe
theym selfe in-to the cyte] se yssircnt
ly notier 154/6-7 of tl^e towne / where] C7i Iciirs
lices & 154/8-9 was full sory and wrothe for]
cust grand ire de 154/14 couenaunte] conucnance 154/15-16 pucelle lauyne to his wyff]
femmc 154/19 bachelor] iouucnceau 154/21-2 well thyselfe, how grete a
londe thou shalt haue in thy holde
after thy fader is deceassed] a tenir
si grand terrc die roy dauns ton 2}erc 154/24-6 maydeus ben in ytalye, of
noble blode / and of highe estate, of
whiche thow myghtest chose one to
be thy wy^fcmmcs en ytalie 154/29 haue] auoye
154/29-30 gi-auuted her to the for to be
thy wyf] donncc et octroyee 154/35-6 nomore / and no longer we may not well abyde wythin] plus estre en 155/5 hole &■ sounde] sain 155/6 Loke & beholde] regarde 155/13 finysshed] eslcuee 155/16 that my honour and praysinge
be encreassed] croistre vion 2jris 155/18 fyghte wyth Eneas] combatrc 155/19-20 of my body more nyghe
goon] nisse do via chair 155/22 goddesse] diuerse (for decssc) 155/23 yf I] si ie ne me 155/24 Arnatha] chamata 155/29 seeste falle fro myn eyen] ma
■voys plourcr 155/31 wyth Eneas] aux troycns 155/34 Whan Lauyne] quant lolantc &
moult en eust coulcur laume 156/13 announce] nunccr 156/15 ryght glad] lycz ct ioyeulx 156/17 playne afore the cj'te] plaine 156/22 of bothe sydes] sachcz que du
piart 156/28-9 conuenauutes were deuysed
and made] jxirollcfut affairemcnt 156/34-5 harde among a grete many]
par grand redcur ct si ferit en vray
trouppcau 156/35 water] torpcau 157/2 hepe of theym] /oic des aultres 157/5 couered wyth theym] totot cspes.
tfc si dcvienoient vioult grand noyse
ajjres laiglc 157/12 Turnyens] rutilicns 157/15 bytokenynge] signijiancc 157/16-17 houered in theym selfe soo
sore] frcmissoicnt 157/20 Lordes turnyens] Seigneur
ruthilcn 157/22 lighted anionge the hepe of]
sc ferit dedans ks 157/23-4 wasteth and dystroyeth] de-
gaste 157/24-6 that we enuyronne hym
rounde aboute wyth goode men of
arraes, as the swannes dyde] Ic signe
Jirent
COLLATION Wrni THE I'lUCXi II OiMCI.VAL, U"*.!.
213
157,'27 WfU I wote tliat] sachcz que il ticndra sa voyc <t-
I5S/3-4 of the one parte / And of the other] dune 'jxirl ct diiidlrc
158/6-7 deuysed and made / That Turinis and I shall fyghte tor you alle] dial- sees que nous deux nous debuons com- hntrc
158/IO (juareyll] srt;!ccte
I5S/13 smote hym selfe in to] scfcrit . . dedans
108/19-20 launche and caste] laneer
153/25 of Ozon of trove] doyon dc troye Eumcdes <C- auoni
158/33, 1^9/i-3) ayenst nie / wliefore I shall gyue to the thy fylle tlierof / and with the same, he toke liys iiand fulle of erthe fro the grounde, and fylled hys throte tlierwithalle, while tliat he was a passynge] origutcs pour- quay est a mejiurer lanjement ta 2Mrtie
159/3-5 wite for veraye trouthe, sayde Turnus to hym, that alle thus I shall rewarde theym of thy nacyon] saclics hlcn cfue tel loicx si seroit de ceul.c
159/15-16 and spoved hys liorse atte] cneeis tciwit tag grant cypieu et point
159/17-19 And he had liys knyghtes made roome afore theyin, and slewe doune many of the Latynes and turnyens att euery liandc of hem] rt lui et la ekeualerie la cut grant eri
15P/20 Ytalyens, so that they trembled for feere] rens dcs ytaliciis ct fremc- rcat
159/21 Afram] ofrnni
VoS^liZ Atherantum] Aterantiuni
159 '31-2 Went euer Iiere and there alonge the wynges of the batayUes] voarlioit les rewi des Iruicns
159/34 dydo P^neas] furent
159/34 And] Enras
160/6-7 they dyde soone as Eucas liadde commaunded tlieyni] aiii^i2)eut restre relaissa tantost comiue il se dit
160/10 a-fore] f/t la preuiicrc asscmblce
I6O/13 dyscordeand varyauuce] discors
I6O/14 Eneas] cneas el Ic receuoir a seigneur
I6O/20-1 that tlie troians dyde s.ttc
vjjpe to tliewalles] dreeer I6O/2S knowen in the towne] seeuc I6O/30 Lauyne] hiniinn I6O/32-3 And pulled of his heeres] a-'.v
eiins I6I/1 that was made wythin the eytr]
de la cite et la ericc I6I/3 thyhe] corps I6I/4 walopjje] (juloiJcr I6I/19 art here, gawrynge about nought]
ten eois elieoir et val la //lontagne I6I/20-I he was ashamed, and ryght
sore wrothe, and on-angerd] en cut
douleur d- honte 161 /23 eharyot] eheunl I6I/30 in a felde, one geynst the other]
en, eliamp 16'2lg to-lii'wen and broken alle to
peces] de.-oupp'-Z 16'2/i5 the rynge] a maulx 162 17-18 the sorowe that he made for
y'' detlie of Palas, that turnus had
slayne] eellc deaileur ele pmlas IG2/24-5 the pueelle Lauyne] lanieac
162 26 wc(lded Lauyni', and hadde] eut Inniini^ et
162/34 royame] royemlme sans cc quil
en eust la seigneuric tuus les iuurs tin
sa vie 16:3/3-4 ded that were yet in the feeldes]
qui oeeis est aye nt 163/7-8 thoroughe all the royame of
ytalye] de quoii elle esloit emprise 163/IO Lauyne] lanime 163/iS d-'ved / and deceassed] trespassa.st I63/20 WL'rres] i/iierres et meUees 163/20 r^lereneyus] Mcantiuni 163/22-3 15y eause that dethe toke hym
sooner than he wendi-] pour la, nturt
qui lui Jut Inep prtfUehaine
163 26 was but yonge] lui venoit 163/32 wyth thi' thondcr bolte] de
fuuliirc 16-1/22-3 her son siluyus betwene lirr
amies] sun jih I6-I/24 londc] terre et de ses lioiumes 1 64/25 Sylnyum] silcnuvi I6I/25 appaitenauiiees] aioustanees vU
appcndaixces
fiu.
Ilk
1' I'- 1-
Tl
h\
h.-:^'iil. i
p«ge
A
i^m
I-
214
COLLATION WITH THK FRENCH ORIGINAL, 1483.
165/20 CCCC] troys ccns
165/21 the royame] le regne son fr ere
X^'hlzi Capys siluyus] cafis
165/28 Ehiberyiius] chihcrinws
Idb/zg Capestus] ca2Ktii,s
165/29 Syluyims] siluius
160/32 syhiynxis] Jilius
165/34 After] Aprcs armclius quentius. XXX ciii. atis. Aprcs
I65/34-5 In this kynges dayes] A cestuy
I66/2-3 shall here make an ende of this lytyll boke / named Eneydos] diray qui fiirent les commcnccmcns deulx et cks aiUres royauhncs. Et soubz quelz roys Ics royaidmes fiorent iusqucs au temps potius qui tint lombar'die Car de ceulx entre lewscigne pour listoirc de thebrs et de troyes Mais ainsi le demandoit oir le conte pour venir aux histoircs de t7vyes.
164/26 Ascanyus buylded] II cstora I64/26 of Albe] darqucs I64/32 Loinbardye that were syth As- canyus] ascanium qidfurcnt en loni-
hardie 164/33 Romulus that founded Rome]
Q-omulim I64/34-5 heelde and buylded Albe] tint
albe ct iusques au temps que romuhis fomia romme ilfut chief du royaulme.
aseanus mit nul Jioir a qui il laissast
apres luy sa terrefors que silinwa son frcre. A celhcy laissa il apres luy
tout son royaulme. 164/35 Syluyus] silinus 165/2 Syluyus] silinus 16 5/ 1 3 Syluyus] silinus (always) I65/14 lulyus] iulum I65/18-19 vnto Ascanyus tyme, that]
c^t,t iusqucs a la mort aseanus Silinus
son frcre
I6G/4-9 H Cu finit le Ihire des eneydes compile par Virgille le quel
a este trmislate de Icdlii en francois Imprime a li/on p)ar malstre
Giullaume le roy le dernier iour de septemhre Lan mil quatre cens.
Ixxx in.
The collation is ' a-c in eights, the first leaf blank ; d-g in sixes ;
h-1 in eights ; m, six leaves, the last blank. A most beautiful copy,
full of rough leaves.' — Hidh Catalogue, v. 1539. It has 61 quaint
outline woodcuts the full width of the folio page, and about half its
height. The chapter-initials are in red, done by hand. The full
page has 32 lines. The Prologue, on a 2, is
ALo?ineur de dieu tout puissant de la glorieuse vierge marie mere de toute grace. & a la vtilite & prouffit de toute la police mondaine ce present liure compile par virgille tressubtil & ingenieux orateur & poete intitule esneydes a este translate de latin en co??imun langaige auq?fel pourro?«t tous valereux princes & aultres nobles veoir mo?dt de valereux faictz darmes. Et aussi est le p;'e.<ent liure necessaire a tous citoye«s & habita?is en villes & chateaulx car ilz verro»t cojHuie iadis trove la gra?it & plusieurs aultres places fortes & inexpugnables out este assegies apreme/^t & assaliez & aussi corageuseme/tt & vailla»uneHt deffendues. Et est ledit liure au tewips pre/?ent fort necessaire pour instruire petis & gra«s pour chascu?^ en son droit garder & deifendre. car chose ^his noble est de mourir que de villaineme«t esLre subiugue.
This, with the first chapter-heading and its woodcut, fills the page. The contractions of the original are expanded as usual by nie.
PR 1119 E5
no. 3, etc.
Early rnglish Text Society
cPublications-j Extra series, no. 3, 54-, 57
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