National Museums National Museum
of Canada of Natural Sciences

Ottawa 1970

Publications
in Zoology, No. 3

Shore and
Freshwater Fish
Collections

from Newfoundland

by W. H. Van Vliet

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Publications
de zoologie, n° 3
Musées nationaux Musée national

du Canada des sciences naturelles

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
California Academy of Sciences Library

http://www.archive.org/details/publicationsinzo31 nati

Shore and
Freshwater Fish
Collections

from Newfoundland

National Museum of Natural
Sciences

Publications in Zoology, No. 3

Published by the
National Museums of Canada

Staff editor
Merle Storey

Musée national des sciences
naturelles

Publications de zoologie, n° 3

Publié par les
Musées nationaux du Canada

Graphiste
Georges Beaupré

Shore and
Freshwater Fish
Collections

from Newfoundland

TW.H. Van Vliet

© Crown Copyrights reserved

Available by mail

from the

National Museums of Canada
Publications Division

Ottawa 4

Price: $1.00
Catalogue No. NM95-10/3
Price subject to change without notice

The National Museums of Canada
Ottawa, Canada
1970

P0987654321
Y¥ 798'7'6'5:4:3:2 110

Litho in Canada

Résumé

L'auteur décrit l'aire de répartition, la morphologie et l'écologie des
poissons capturés à l'île de Terre-Neuve en 81 collections, au cours de
l'expédition de 1966 des Musées nationaux du Canada. Il décrit aussi 34
autres collections de musée faites à Terre-Neuve, en decà de 10 brasses.
Il étudie 34 espèces capturées en eau salée peu profonde et en eau
douce. Ces observations permettent d'étendre plus au nord l'aire de
Fundulus heteroclitus, d'Apeltes quadracus, de Gasterosteus wheat-
landi, de Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus et de Poronotus tria-
canthus. Enfin, on trouvera ici, pour plusieurs espèces, les premières
mesures de salinité qu'on ait prises.

Summary

Distributional, morphological, and ecological data are presented for 81
collections of fishes made during the 1966 National Museums of
Canada expedition to insular Newfoundland. Records for another 34
museum collections from Newfoundland within the 10-fathom line are
recorded. Thirty-four shallow water marine and freshwater species are
discussed. Northern range extensions are established for Fundulus
heteroclitus, Apeltes quadracus, Gasterosteus wheatlandi,
Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus and Poronotus triacanthus. Salinity
measurements are given for the first time for a number of species.

Biographical Note

Bill Van Vliet was working for the museum when he wrote this paper.
Shortly afterwards he left the museum and began working on his
doctor's degree at the University of Ottawa. On October 20, 1968,
while diving in Lake Heney (north of Ottawa) to study the behaviour of
deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii, he was drowned,
tragically cutting short a promising career. Dr. S.U. Qadri, University of
Ottawa, and D.E. McAllister added further records and did scientific
editing. T.A. Willock completed the map.

VI

Introduction

Despite the interesting zoogeographic position of Newfoundland and
the many years of research on the offshore fishes of the island, little
work has been done on the shore fishes. In June 1966, the National
Museum of Natural Sciences undertook a preliminary survey of the
coastal waters from the high tide level down to 60 feet in depth,
sampling fresh waters when the occasion presented. The object of this
survey was to extend our knowledge of the distribution and variation of
Newfoundland fishes as part of a continuing study of the systematics of
Canada’s ichthyofauna. Although the survey was not extensive, several
range extensions were made. Eighty-one collections with 28 species in
16 families were assembled during the expedition. When these are
added to the 34 other collections from Newfoundland in the museum
the total amounts to 115 collections, 34 species and 18 families.
Distributional, ecological and morphological data are given for each
species collected.

There are few ichthyological studies for the area. Halkett (1913) and
McAllister (1960) list Canadian species, while Leim and Scott (1967)
cover in broad detail the whole Atlantic coast. Backus (1957) and
Vladykov and McKenzie (1935) report on the fishes of the
neighbouring waters of Labrador and Nova Scotia respectively. Cox
(1923 a & b), Johansen (1926, 1926a), Jeffers (1932), Newfoundland
Fisheries Research Commission Reports (1931, 1933, 1934), Frost
(1938), Garside and Kerekes (1969), and Ennis (1969) report briefly on
some insular Newfoundland shore fishes. Templeman (1963, 1966)
reports on the sharks and marine resources respectively. Scott and
Crossman (1964, 1969) provide keys, descriptions, and biological data
on insular Newfoundland freshwater fishes and summarize previous
accounts.

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. D.E. McAllister of the
National Museum of Natural Sciences for the opportunity to visit this
most interesting area of Canada and for his many useful suggestions
during the preparation of this paper. Dr. E.L. Bousfield and Mr. G.P.
Ennis contributed several collections. Mrs. Sara W. Richards, Guilford,
Connecticut, kindly identified the specimens of Ammoydytes. Dr. W.B.
Scott, Royal Ontario Museum, offered useful criticism of the
manuscript. The generosity and kindness of individual Newfound-
landers too numerous to mention made this trip memorable.

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

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Fig. 1 Map of Newfoundland showing collection sites. Collections NMC66-134 to 205 were

made on the expedition.

Itinerary

The survey party, consisting of the author and D.E. McAllister, left
Ottawa in a panel truck on June 4, 1966 and arrived at Port aux
Basques, Newfoundland on June 7, some collecting having been done
en route. The time from June 7 to 8 was spent along the small part of
the south shore east of Port aux Basques then accessible by road. From
June 9 to 19 collections were made along the west coast to the
northern tip of Newfoundland. En route to St. John’s from June 21 to
25, collections were made along the north shore in White, Notre Dame,
and Bonavista bays, with single collections in Conception, St. Mary’s
and Placentia bays before returning to the west coast. Following some
final collecting there from June 25 to 28, we left Newfoundland on
June 29.

Methods

Most collections were made with a 20-foot bag seine out to chest
depth. Gill nets of 12 and 3 inch stretched mesh size were set from
a two-man foldboat. Tide pools were often sampled using rotenone and
dip nets. Some specimens were caught by hand while wading or diving.
Angling and jigging from wharves and the foldboat were successfully
employed at times. Collecting was of necessity confined to shallow
water and relatively protected areas since it was difficult to propel the
two-man foldboat in the high winds often encountered along the open
coast. Specimens were collected from tidepools down to depths of 60
feet. Temperatures were taken with a pocket thermometer, salinities
with a hydrometer and a table of temperature correction. A few
observations made while diving in the Halifax area of Nova Scotia are
included.

Measurements were made with dial calipers reading to 0.1 mm.
Ratios of body parts were obtained by measurement of the parts
concerned and calculation of the ratio. All are expressed as decimal
fractions of standard length. In general, measurements were taken as
recommended by Hubbs and Lagler (1958).

Field Conditions

The Newfoundland coast is frequently rugged, rocky, and exposed,
penetrated occasionally by “tickles,’’ bays, and inlets. The rocky nature
of the coast made seining difficult. Surface water temperature at
collection sites varied from 4°C. in the Port-au-Port area to 19°C. in an
exceptionally warm shallow site in White Bay, but was usually in the
neighbourhood of 7 to 11°C. For details of temperature variation see
Appendix and Bousfield 1956. The water in which collections were
taken varied over the whole range from freshto a salinity of 34.89/00.
About half the days were cool and cloudy with some rain, the
remainder being sunny and pleasantly warm away from the sea. On
approximately one third of the days winds on the coast were constant
to gusty, sometimes blowing spume from the waves. Fog usually
disappeared early in the morning. Snow was visible during the month of
June in the higher reaches of the coastal mountain range. Icebergs were
only seen inshore once in Loon Bay on the northwest coast. The
seawater was Clear and clean with no evidence of pollution.

Arrangement of Species Accounts

The species are arranged alphabetically within families, which are
themselves in phylogenetic sequence. The collection number and
number of specimens (in parentheses) are given for each collection of
that species. A diagonal separates expedition collection numbers from
other collections. Using the collection number, the approximate
location of each collection may be found on the map (p. 2). More
precise geographic location and some ecological data are presented in
the Appendix. Totals and descriptions are presented only for
expedition specimens.

The following abbreviations are used in the species accounts:
D - dorsal fin (rays). Spines (Roman numerals), rays (Arabic numerals)
C - caudal fin rays

A - anal fin rays

V - ventral fin rays

P - pectoral fin rays

L.L. sc. - lateral line scales

br. - branchiostegals

g.r. - gill rakers

p.c. - pyloric caeca

c.p. or c.p.d. - caudal peduncle or caudal peduncle depth

head - head length

depth - maximum body depth, median fins depressed

eye - orbit diameter

9/00 - salinity in parts per thousand

pect. - pectoral fin length

max. - maxillary length

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Fig. 3 St. Pauls Inlet, west coast, with Long Range Mountains in background, site of collections
NMC66-158 and 159.

Species Accounts

Rajidae

Little skate
Raie hérisson

Collection

NMC 66-141 (1). Represented by a single egg
capsule. Although its dimensions, length 53
mm and width 39 mm, differ slightly from

Winter skate
Raie tachetée

Collection
/NMC 66-593 (1)

Clupeidae

Raja erinacea Mitchill, 1825

those given by Vladykov (1936), 55-63 x
35-45 mm, the capsule fits his description in
all other respects.

Raja ocellata Mitchill, 1815

Habitat
Jagged bedrock between 24 and 30 feet.

Atlantic herring
Hareng atlantique

Collection

INMC 66-139 (7); NMC 66-186 (3)/NMC
68-335(3); NMC 68-338(150).

Description

D 16-19;C1I151; A 16-18; V 8-9; P 15-19; L.L.
43-56; br. 8-9; g.r. 64-75; p.c. 16-30.

Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758

Specimens
(10) 259.7-306.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

The few specimens were taken in gill nets set
in bays at surface temperatures of 6.5-8°C.
and salinities 25-349/00, over rock or gravel

. bottom, from surface 15 feet or more of

water. In both collections males and females
were ripening. Eggs .8 to 1 mm diam.

Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758

Depth .20-.25; head .23-.24; eye .04-.05,

c.p.d. .06-.07, of standard length.

Salmonidae

Atlantic salmon

Saumon atlantique

Collections Specimens
NMC 66-128 (5); NMC 66-167 (2); NMC

66-170 (3); NMC 66-180 (2).

Description

D 11-13; C1171; A 8-11; V 8-10; P 12-15; br.
10-12; g.r. 14-18, mean 16; p.c. 30-50, mean
37.4.

(12) 77.3-135.8 mm standard length.

Habitat
Parr collected from streams and river mouths

at reduced salinities and surface temperatures
from 10 to 15°C.

Depth .21-.25; head .19-.30; eye .06-.08;
c.p.d. .09-.107, of standard length.

Brook charr

Omble de fontaine

Collections

NMC 66-128 (7); NMC 66-131 (1); NMC

66-132 (4); NMC 66-135 (3); NMC 66-136
(4); NMC 66-143 (4); NMC 66-151 (3); NMC
66-154(1); NMC 66-161 (1); NMC 66-167 (4);
NMC 66-186 (2).

Description
D 10-12; Cl171; A 8-12; V 7-10; P 12-14: br.
10-12; g.r. 12-18, mean 15.1; p.c. 24-47, mean

Depth .20-.32: head .25-.29; eye .04-.05,
c.p.d. .08-.10, of standard length.

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815)

Specimens
(35) 54.0-332.5 mm standard length.

Habitat

Collected in rivers and along the coast in
salinities from fresh to 34.8°/o0, surface
temperatures 7.5- 18.5°C., and at depths of
0-15 feet, over gravel and boulder bottom.
Stomachs of large specimens contained
Mallotus villosus and fish remains. Smaller
specimens contained amphipods and gastro-
pods.

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Osmeridae

Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1777)

Capelin
Capelan

Collections

NMC 66-138 (66); NMC 66-163 (2); NMC
66-165 (38); NMC 66-176 (2); NMC 66-179
(25).

Description

D 11-15; CI171; A 20-24; V 7-9; P 17-21; br.
6; g.r. 32-38; p.c. 3.

Depth .15-.19; head .23-.24; eye .047-.058;
c.p.d. .048-.063; pectoral length .14-.19, of
standard length.

Specimens
(133) 132.8-166.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

Collected on steep pebbly beaches while
spawning, at temperatures of 6-7°C. and
salinities of 31-39 °/00. Males predominate in
samples. Templeman (1948) reviews the life
history of this species in Newfoundland
waters.

Osmerus eperlanus mordax (Mitchill, 1815)

Rainbow smelt
Eperlan arc-en-ciel

Collections

NMC 66-130 (2); NMC 66-133 (135); NMC
66-158 (1).

Description

D 10-11; A 16-19; V 8; P 11-13; pored L.L.
sc. 14-18; br. 6; g.r. 27-31.

Depth .11-.19; head .22-.25; eye .045-.063;
c.p.d. .042-.055; pectoral length .14-.16, of

Specimens
(69) 36.4-189.6 mm standard length.

Habitat

Collected in streams and on rocky, gravel, and
sand beaches at salinities of 2.0-34.80/00 and
surface temperature of 9-13°C.

standard length.

Anguillidae

American eel

Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur, 1817)

Anguille d'Amérique

Collections

NMC 66-131 (1); NMC 66-133 (3); NMC
66-135 (1); NMC 66-177 (1); NMC 66-200
(1).

Description

D 212-222; C 6-10; A 174-177; V absent; P
13-16; br. 9-12.

Depth .04-.06; head .12-.13; eye .010-.014;
pectoral length .028-.044; length of gill

Specimens
(7) 147.5-597.1 mm standard length.

Habitat

Eels were seined over mud, detritus, sand,
gravel, and bedrock where current was absent
or slight, at temperatures from 7-12°C. and
salinities from 1.1-34.20/00 in brooks, estu-
aries and on the open coast.

opening .010-.017, of standard length.

Cyprinodontidae

Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766)

Mummichog
Choquemort

Collections

NMC 66-130 (50); NMC 66-131 (25); NMC
66-200 (7)/NMC 58-309 (1).

Specimens
(82) 20.0-69.4 mm standard length.

Distribution

Collection NMC 66-130 from Victor's Brook,
Port-au-Port Peninsula, 48°38'N,58°58.5'W, is
a northern range extension of about 10 miles.
Scott and Crossman (1964) report it from the
estuary and brook of Piccadilly Bay — the
southern end of Port-au-Port Bay.

Description

D 10-12; C 28-34; A 10; V 6; P 16-17; br. 6;
g.r. 10-12, mean 10.0; L.L. sc. 33-38, mean
35.5.

Depth .18-.27; head .29-.34, of standard
length; ratio of post dorsal length to c.p.d.
2.6-3.5, mean 3.0.

Habitat

The few collections of mummichogs were
made in shallow estuarine conditions over
sand and silt-mud bottom at salinities of
2-12.80/00 and temperatures of 7-12.5°C.

Species Accounts

Gadidae

Fourbeard rockling
Motelle à quatre barbillons

Collections
INMC 68-334 (3).

Atlantic cod
Morue franche

Collections

NMC 66-126 (2); NMC 66-127 (2); NMC
66-133 (2); NMC 66-134 (2); NMC 66-148
(1); NMC 66-153 (1); NMC 66-169 (1); NMC
66-171 (3); NMC 66-176 (4); NMC 66-186
(1); NMC 66-191 (1); NMC 66-204 (3)/NMC
68-12 (20); NMC 68-321 (14); NMC 68-326
(5); NMC 68-327 (1); NMC 68-331 (7); NMC
68-332 (1); NMC 68-333 (4); NMC 68-340
(5); NMC 68-341 (1).

Description

DAS) 12-16,.16-25/°217-22" "AN (2)M117-26,
10-21 AVG APAI6G-21%br 7-9 r417-23%p;C;
about 150.

Depth .18-.27; head .28-.34; eye .06-.08;
c.p.d. .04-.06, of standard length. Peritoneum
black.

Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus, 1766)

Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758)

Specimens
(24) 60.3-269.4 mm standard length.

Habitat

Cod were caught over mud, gravel and rock
bottom in 50 feet of water or less at
temperatures from 6 to 10°C and salinities
from 25 to 33.50/00, using gill net, seine and
baited jig.

Haddock
Aiglefin
Collection

NMC 66-182 (1) one specimen found on the
shore of Green Bay, 124 mm standard length.

Atlantic tomcod
Poulamon atlantique

Collection

NMC 66-159 (1) one specimen 159.4 mm
standard length. St. Paul’s Inlet, in gill net
20-30 feet deep on gravel to sand bottom,
surface temperatures 10.5°C, © salinity
17.50/00.

Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Description

DISIM6/2120 A 2)20722V464PP21F br
7; g.r. 22; p.c. about 150-200.

Depth .21; head .31; eye .09; c.p. .04; height
first D. 21; snout .107, of standard length.

Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum, 1792)

Description

DIN M7 20105274 2)M8 1886; be
Ure 7; ar A7 pc "S7

Depth .21; head .26; eye .051; c.p.d. .055 of
standard length.

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Labridae

Cunner
Tanche-tautoque

Collections

NMC 66-134 (3); NMC 66-146 (4); NMC
66-148 (3); NMC 66-153 (4); NMC 66-155
(1); NMC 66-159 (6); NMC 66-162 (1); NMC
66-169 (2); NMC 66-184 (3); NMC 66-185
(14); NMC 66-191 (3); NMC 66-194 (2); NMC
66-195 (1); NMC 66-196 (1); NMC 66-197
(116); NMC 66-202 (1); NMC 66-203 (6);
NMC 66-204 (1); NMC 66-205 (5)/NMC
68-11; NMC 68-17 (5).

Description

D XVI-XX8-12, means 17.7, 10.3; C 14-17: A
HIV) (6) 9-10 (13), mean 9.2; V 151; P
12-16; scales above L.L. 6-10; scales below
L.L. 12-17; L.L. sc. 35-45; br.5; g.r. 11-14.
Depth .26-.36; head .25-.35; eye .05-.10;
c.p.d. .12-.16; pectoral length .13-.16; pelvic
length .12-.16, of standard length.

The cunner is one of the most colourful fishes
of the east coast. Reds and oranges predomi-
nate among smaller specimens, often with
vague vertical striping. Blues, iridescent
purples, and green hues are usually present in
larger fish.

Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum, 1792)

Specimens
(177) 24.9-298.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

Cunner were numerous at Newfoundland
collection sites. They were taken with hook
and line, rotenone, seines, and gill nets at
temperatures from 6 to 15°C. and salinities
from 19 to 312/00 in 0-50 feet of water over
mud, sand, gravel, and rock bottom. The few
stomachs examined contained remains of
Mytilus and gastropods.

Pleuronectidae

American plaice
Plie canadienne

Collection
/NMC 68-10 (1).

Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)

Habitat

Muddy bottoms, between 10 and 30 feet
deep.

Yellowtail flounder
Limande a queue jaune

Collections
/NMC 67-5 (1); NMC 68-10 (2).

Smooth flounder

Plie lisse

Collections

NMC 66-163 (3); NMC 66-173 (17); NMC
66-180 (5); NMC 66-184 (6).

Description

D 52-62, mean 54.6; C 17-18; A 35-41, mean
37.9; V 6-7; P 9-12; L.L. sc. 63-75; br. 5-6;

g.r. 8-12.
Depth .47-.57; head .28-.35; eye .06-.08;
c.p.d. 10-12; pectoral length .09-.19; of

standard length.

INote that | indicates a spine, 1 indicates a
soft ray. The citation V 12 indicates that one
spine is united to two soft rays; in A 1,5 the
comma indicates that there is one spine,
separated from five soft rays.

10

Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839)

Habitat
Waters 15-45 feet deep.

Liopsetta putnami (Gill, 1864)

Specimens
(31) 46.6-177.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

The smooth flounder was collected in seine
hauls from four locations along the coast of
northwest and north central Newfoundland
over mud, sand, slate rock, and gravel bottom.
Water temperatures varied from 13 to 19°C.
and salinity from 27 to 340/00. It was not as
abundant, nor as frequently collected as the
winter flounder.

Species Accounts

Pleuronectidae (cont'd)

Winter flounder
Plie rouge

Collections

NMC 66-130 (2); NMC 66-135 (15); NMC
66-136 (1); NMC 66-142 (5); NMC 66-144
(3); NMC 66-150 (8); NMC 66-158 (17); NMC
66-159 (2); NMC 66-162 (1); NMC 66-163
(1); NMC 66-165 (1); NMC 66-169 (2); NMC
66-173 (1); NMC 66-182 (1); NMC 66-184
(1); NMC 66-186 (1); NMC 66-194 (4); NMC
66-201 (2); NMC 66-202 (1)/NMC 58-286
(2); NMC 67-2 (1); NMC 68-17 (1).

Description

D 58-67, mean 62.6; C 17-22; A 42-50, mean
46:6; V 6; P 8-11; EE. sc. 68-80; br. 5-7; g:r-
10-13.

Depth .40-.49; head .25-.30; eye .05-.08;
c.p.d. .10-.13; pectoral length .13, of standard
length.

Gasterosteidae

Fourspine stickleback
Epinoche à quatre épines

Collections

NMC 66-125 (30); NMC 66-130 (25); NMC
66-131 (9); NMC 66-136 (50); NMC 66-140
(5); NMC 66-154 (1); NMC 66-154 (12); NMC
66-170 (1); NMC 66-180 (10); NMC 66-199
(2); NMC 66-200 (1)/NMC 58-286 (1).

Description

DU SIV (NA) METS CMS AGI S=aiT
11-2; P 11-12; br. 3; g.r. short blunt widely
spaced 4-6 on outerside of first arch, 6-9 on
innerside of first arch.

Depth .18-.29; head .25-.30; length first
dorsal spine .06-.13; length last dorsal spine
.02-.09; pelvic .07-.16; pectoral .12-.16, of
standard length. No lateral plates or caudal
keel. Body and head dark dorsally, lighter
ventrally; on side often has light streak
laterally with a dark bar below.

Distribution

Collection NMC 66-180 in Western Arm
Brook 51°3.5'N. 56°47'W, is a considerable
northern range extension for this species, over
200 miles north of the collections from the
Port-au-Port Peninsula. They were also
collected at a number of other locations along
the west coast.

Pseudopleuronectes americanus
(Walbaum, 1792)

Specimens
(79) 37.8-274.6 mm standard length.

Habitat

Winter flounders were taken in gill net and
seine in 0-35 feet of water most often on silt
sand, or gravel beaches at temperatures of 5°
to 19°C. and salinities from 2 to 34 0/00.
They were caught at many sites, all around
the island.

Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill, 1815)

Specimens
(146) 19.4-51.1 mm standard length.

Habitat

Apeltes auadracus was collected at tempera-
tures 5-13°C. and at salinities from fresh
water to 319/00 but usually under estuarine
conditions.

nt

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Gasterosteidae (cont'd)

Threespine stickleback
Epinoche à trois épines

Collections

NMC 66-125 (80); NMC 66-130 (80); NMC
66-131 (25); NMC 66-133 (2); NMC 66-136
(2); NMC 66-140 (30); NMC 66-141 (131);
NMC 66-142 (1); NMC 66-149 (80); NMC
66-152 (3); NMC 66-154 (100); NMC 66-158
(75); NMC 66-170 (2); NMC 66-173 (1); NMC
66-177 (50); NMC 66-180 (100); NMC
66-187 (2); NMC 66-189 (30); NMC 66-190
(100); NMC 66-194 (11); NMC 66-199 (14);
NMC 66-200 (150); NMC 66-201 (25)/NMC
64-559 (2); NMC 64-564 (2); NMC 64-579
(3); NMC 68-333 (2).

Specimens
(1090) 16.2-70.5 mm standard length.

Distribution

G. aculeatus was present to the northern tip
of the island (Coll. NMC 66-177).

Blackspotted stickleback
Epinoche tachetée

Collections

NMC 66-130 (55); NMC 66-131 (48); NMC
66-132 (1); NMC 66-133 (2); NMC 66-136
(50); NMC 66-141 (2); NMC 66-149 (6); NMC
66-158 (30); NMC 66-180 (50); NMC 66-187
(2); NMC 66-190 (121)/NMC 58-286 (1);
NMC 58-310 (1); NMC 68-333 (2).

Specimens
(366) 23.1-39.5 mm standard length.

Distribution

The range of G. wheatlandi is extended from
Port-au-Port Bay 200 miles north to Western
Arm Brook, Strait of Belle Isle (NMC
66-180). It was also found at many other
locations along the west coast. Garside and
Kerekes (1969) have recently extended its
range eastward to Northeast Arm, Bonavista
Bay.

12

Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Description

D 111, 9-13, mean 11.6; C 12; A1,5-10, mean
8.8; V11, dorsal but nearly always no ventral
cusps; P 9-11; br. 3; g.r. long, slender 2-8
upper and 10-18 lower first arch, mean 19.2.
Depth .21-.27; head .27-.35; eye .071-.107;
c.p.d. .024-.040; pectoral length .15-.21;
pelvic .10-.20; second dorsal spine .07-.13, of
standard length.

A few collections from fresh and brackish
environments were predominantly of the
semiarmatus type with 4-8 lateral plates,
caudal keels usually lacking and the mean
number of gill rakers 17.5. The majority of
collections consisted of the marine type only,
with 12-36 lateral plates, keels present on the
caudal peduncle, and a mean gill raker count
of (whole sample) 19.2.The mean number of
dorsal rays 11.6, anal rays 8.8 and gill rakers
(first arch) 19.2 seemed to be weakly related
to salinity differences at the various collection
sites. G. aculeatus was usually silvery.
Breeding males had blue eyes and bright red
on the ventral surface of the head. The bright
Orange eggs in females ranged from .5 to 2.0
mm diameter. The threespine stickleback was
taken more often than any other species of
stickleback in our collections from fresh
waters to 319/00 sea water, at surface
temperatures from 4° to 19°C.

Gasterosteus wheatlandi (Putnam, 1867)

Description

D 111, 8-11, mean 8.9; C 12; A 1,6-10, mean
7.1;V 12,dorsal and ventral cusps; P 10; br. 3;
g.r. long, slender, height greater than width of
base, 4-8 upper and 8-14 lower first arch,
mean 16.5.

Depth .23-.29; head .25-.32; length first
dorsal .09-.11; length second dorsal .08-.12;
eye .07-.11, slightly less to slightly more than
snout length; pectoral .16-.24; ventral .14-.22,
of standard length. Sides partially plated, 4-10
scutes. Caudal keels absent. Silvery sides
anteriorly. Yellow with black spotting from
rayed dorsal posteriorly. Fins clear. Females
with small orange eggs, .6-1.3 mm in
diameter. G. wheatlandi was most often
collected in estuarine conditions near the
coast but salinities varied from O to
33.5°/o0 and temperatures from 7° to 18.5°C.
Bottom was sand, mud or rubble and there
was usually some eel grass or other aquatic
vegetation present. Nests of eel grass and
mucus, containing eggs were seined at some
locations. They appear to be generally similar
to nests constructed by G. aculeatus.

Species Accounts

Gasterosteidae (cont'd)

Ninespine stickleback
Epinoche à neuf épines

Collections

NMC 66-130 (19); NMC 66-131 (12); NMC
66-154 (5); NMC 66-161 (9); NMC 66-177
(30); NMC 66-180 (2); NMC 66-200 (2).

Description

D VIII-XI, mean 9.7, 9-12, mean 10.3; C12; A
1,8-10, mean 9.4; V 11; P 9-11; br. 3; g.r. 1-3
upper, 8-11 lower first arch, mean 11.3.
Depth .16-.23; head .25-.31; pectoral .14-.17;
ventral spine .07-.11, of standard length.
Small lateral plates, 0-6, and caudal keels
present. :
Body dark dorsally with 3-5 vertical bars
posterior to pectoral on most specimens,
white to silvery ventrum and opercle. Some in
freshwater bogs were black ventrally. Females
contained yellow eggs about 1.3 mm di-
ameter.

Pungitius pungitius was found in fresh or
brackish waters in salinities of 12.89/00 or
less and temperatures from 7° to 13°C.

Cottidae

Atlantic sea raven

Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Specimens
(79) 26.1-59.8 mm standard length.

Distribution

The ninespine stickleback was found along
the west coast to the northern tip (NMC
66-177). The latter record extends its known
range in insular Newfoundland northward
from St. Paul’s Bay, on the west coast, but it
is known from further north outside New-
foundland.

Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin, 1789)

Hémitriptère atlantique

Collections

NMC 66-147 (1); NMC 66-169
66-593 (2); NMC 67-2 (2).

(1)/NMC

Specimens
(2) 286.6-318.3 mm standard length.

Description

DY XVIEXVIIT 112-16 172187 "AY 15> WV 183 Pe
18-19; br. 6-7; head .37; eye .06-.07; c.p.d.
.073-.079, of standard length.

Habitat

Sea ravens were taken on jiggers and in gill
nets at 25-35 feet over mud and rubble to
gravel bottom. Temperatures from 6° to
15s Ce

Hemitripterus americanus is often brightly
coloured with rather uniform shades of bright
red, yellow, purple, green, or brown. The
colour of specimens seen while diving is often
in striking contrast to their immediate
background and would not seem to be of
particular value for concealment.

Grubby

Chaboisseau bronzé

Collections

NMC 66-133 (2); NMC 66-141 (1); NMC

66-142 (2); NMC 66-144 (1); NMC 66-145
(2); NMC 66-146 (3); NMC 66-147 (1); NMC
66-158 (1); NMC 66-160 (4); NMC 66-166
(4); NMC 66-168 (24); NMC 66-172 (2); NMC
66-181 (20); NMC 66-192 (2); NMC 66-202
(7); NMC 66-203 (54).

Specimens
(141) 18.8-151.1 mm standard length.

Description

D VIII-X, 13-16, mean 14.7; A 10-13, mean
11.4; V 13; P 14-16, mean 15.5; br. 6; g.r. 9.
Depth .24-30; head .32-.39; eye .07-.10; c.p.d.
.06-.08, of standard length.

My oxocephalus aeneus (Mitchill, 1815)

Habitat

M. aeneus was collected primarily in tidepools
and on gravel and rocky beaches. Water
temperature at collection sites varied from 7°
to 15 C, and salinities from 19 to 34°/oo.
Stomachs contained amphipods, polychaetes,
crabs, and barnacles. Larger individuals
contained some fish—smaller M. aeneus as
well as young of Cyc/opterus lumpus, Liparis
atlanticus, and Macrozoarces americanus.
Ennis (1969) summarizes the distribution of
this species in Newfoundland waters.

13

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Cottidae (cont'd)

Longhorn sculpin
Chaboisseau à dix-huit épines

Collections

NMC 66-134 (12); NMC 66-141 (2); NMC
66-153 (1); NMC 66-159 (1); NMC 66-171
(2); NMC 66-191 (3); NMC 66-593 (4); NMC
66-596 (14)/NMC 67-2 (7).

Habitat

The longhorn sculpin was taken by jigs and
baited hooks, in gill nets and seines from
salinities of 15 to 31°/00 and temperatures
of 7° to 10°C, and at depths of 0-50 feet,
although more often below 15 feet. It was
often seen resting on aclear sand bottom with
no cover nearby. When approached by a diver
it usually remains stationary and erects its
long preopercular spines as a effective defen-
ce. The short-spined M. scorpius on the other
hand, is rarely found on open sand bottoms
and even when approached on rocky bottoms
it immediately swims for cover.

Shorthorn sculpin
Chaboisseau a épines courtes

Collections

NMC 66-129 (1); NMC 66-133 (1); NMC
66-134 (7); NMC 66-137 (1); NMC 66-160
(1); NMC 66-164 (4); NMC 66-169 (5); NMC
66-171 (4); NMC 66-175 (2); NMC 66-179
(1); NMC 66-181 (1); NMC 66-183 (1); NMC
66-204 (2)/NMC 66-596 (3); NMC 67-2 (6);
NMC 67-5 (7).

Description

D IX-X, 15-20, mean 17.0; A 12-15, mean
13.2; V 13;P 16-18, mean 17.0; br. 6.

Depth .22-.32:; head .38-.44; eye .07-.11;
c.p.d. .06-.08; longest dorsal spine .15-.20 of
standard length. Average counts for D, A, and
P are higher for M. scorpius than M. aeneus.
Bright white and yellow spotting ventrally on
breeding males.

14

My oxocephalus octodecimspinosus
(Mitchill, 1815)

Specimens
(21) 165.9-328.9 mm standard length.

Description
DVIII-IX, 15-16; A 13-14; V 13; P 15-18; br.
6; g.r. 8-10.
Depth .20-.31; head .38-.43; eye .07-.09;
c.p.d. .05-.06; 3rd (longest) dorsal spine

.11-.20, of standard length.

Distribution

The Green Island Cove collection, Strait of
Belle Isle, NMC 66-171, is a slight northern
range extension for Newfoundland (about 15
miles), see Leim and Scott (1966).

My oxocephalus scorpius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Specimens
(31) 71.4-370.1 mm standard length.

Habitat

The shorthorn sculpin was collected with
rotenone, seine, jig, and baited hook. It was
found in tidepools and on bedrock and gravel
bottom with boulder cover. Collected from O
to 40 feet but most often from 10 to 25 feet.
Not nearly as common in shallows (seldom
less than 3 feet) and tidepools as was M.
aeneus. Stomachs contained Wallotus villosus
and Pseudopleuronectes americanus as well as
other fish remains, large polychaetes, and
crabs.

Species Accounts

Cyclopteridae (including Liparidae)

Lumpfish

Grosse poule de mer

Collections

NMC 66-137 (2); NMC 66-144 (1); NMC

66-145 (1); NMC 66-146 (7); NMC 66-156
(1); NMC 66-160 (14); NMC 66-166 (2); NMC
66-168 (4); NMC 66-181 (4); NMC 66-182
(1); NMC 66-198 (1)/NMC 68-10 (2).

Specimens
(38) 19.1-293.5 mm standard length.

Habitat

Lumpfish were collected with rotenone, by
hand, or in seines in 0-10 feet of water at
temperatures of 6-12°C and salinities of
19-340/00, over sand and gravel but more
usually bedrock bottom on the open coast or
in tidepools. Adult males were found with egg
masses during June. Stomachs of young
specimens contained amphipods while those
of adults were empty in these collections.

Atlantic seasnail
Limace atlantique

Collections

NMC 66-166 (4); NMC 66-168 (8); NMC
66-172 (22); NMC 66-178 (25); NMC 66-181
(7); NMC 66-193 (1)/NMC 67-1 (5).

Description
D 32-35; C 10; A 25-27; P 27-29; br. 6; g.r. O
above, 4-5 below; p.c. 27-37.

Head .237-.263; gill opening .054-.071;
longest dorsal ray .036-.078 in female,
-117-.172 in male; eye .035-.043, of standard
length.

The rays of the anterior lobe of the dorsal fin
are incised in both sexes, but are much longer
in the male, exceeding the height of the
posterior portion of the fin. Scattered prickles
cover the loose skin of the male except on the
inner portion of the pectoral and the
underside of the head and abdomen. Females
lack prickles. About 20% of specimens were
males. Females swollen with eggs, diam.
.7-1.1mm. Live specimens the colour of
Fucus. Peritoneum of preserved specimens a
brightly speckled white.

Anarhichadidae

Atlantic wolffish
Loup atlantique

Collection
/NMC 66-593 (4).

Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758

Description

D 2nd 10-11; C 10-13; A 8-11; V 15; P 19-22;
gr. 6-7; p.c. 53-93 in adults.

Depth .37-.78; head .31-.38; eye .06-.12;
c.p.d. .09-.13; length of gill opening .14-.24;
length of ventral disc .22-.27; disc to vent
.10-.21; vent to anal base .13-.24; base of anal
fin .16-.20, of standard length.

Young specimens have a bright silver streak
through the eye. Adult males are a bright red
ventrally, darker red dorsally while ‘‘guar-
ding’’ the developing eggs. This coloration
probably has value for concealment since it
blends well with the coralline algae and
Laminaria surrounding the caves and crannies
in which the egg masses are secured. Females
and males at other times of the year have a
green to blue coloration.

Liparis atlanticus
(Jordan and Evermann, 1898)

Specimens
(67) 8.7-95.5 mm standard length.

Habitat

Only found in bedrock tidepools on exposed
shores. The tidepools, most often near the
low water mark,contained Fucus and other
algae. Pool dimensions } to 23 feet deep,
up te 10 x 30 feet in extent, temperature
from 9° to 12.5°C with one specimen in one
pool at 6°C. Salinity varied from 29.5 to
30.09/00. A slight rock ridge often protected
the seaward side of pool. Specimens were
usually found clinging to the underside of
small boulders.

Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758

Habitat
Jagged bedrock at between 24 and 30 feet.

15

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Ammodytidae
American sand lance

Lancon d'Amérique

Collections
NMC 66-135 (1); NMC 66-174 (1).

Description
D 58-59; A 29-30; P 13; br. 7; g.r. 21-26; L.L.
sc: 1130;

Depth .080-.086; head .195-.202: eye
.026-.049, of standard length.

Pholidae

Rock gunnel

Sigouine de roche

Collections

NMC 66-135 (2); NMC 66-144 (2); NMC

66-145 (11); NMC 66-146 (21); NMC 66-158
(2); NMC 66-160 (10); NMC 66-166 (8); NMC
66-172 (1); NMC 66-181 (10); NMC 66-192
(1); NMC 66-193 (6); NMC 66-196 (2); NMC
66-197 (1); NMC 66-198 (1); NMC 66-203
(5)/NMC 68-320 (1); NMC 68-322 (1); NMC
68-328 (10); NMC 68-329 (1); NMC 68-330
(1); NMC 68-339 (2); NMC 68-341 (1).

Specimens
(83) 90.2-197.2 mm standard length.

Description

D 75-80, mean 77.6; C16-20; A1137-45, mean
41.4; VI; P 10-13; br. 4-6; g.r. 10-13.

Depth .10-.14; head .10-.12; eye .02-.03;
pectoral .04-.07, of standard length. Peri-
toneum light with slight speckling.

Stichaeidae

Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814

Specimens
(2) 81.2 and 125.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

The two specimens were seined at 8-10°C
over sand, gravel and slate bottom.

Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus 1758)

Habitat

Gunnels were collected with rotenone or seine
in bedrock tidepools and along sand and
gravel beaches wherever boulders and Fucus
offered some cover. Temperature varied from
7° to 13°C, salinity from 19 to 34°/oo. All
the present speciment were taken in shallow
water but the author has seen them in 100
feet of water off Nova Scotia and they have
reportedly been trawled much deeper.
Gunnels and cunner were often heavily infes-
ted with a protozoan parasite causing ‘‘black
spot.’’ Stomachs contained amphipods, gas-
tropods, Myti/us, and barnacles.

Radiated Shanny
Ulvaire deux-lignes

Collections

NMC 66-146 (3); NMC 66-156 (1); NMC
66-160 (10); NMC 66-166 (4); NMC 66-168
(11); NMC 66-172 (4); NMC 66-181 (15);
NMC 66-185 (1); NMC 66-188 (2); NMC
66-192 (1); NMC 66-193 (3); NMC 66-196
(10); NMC 66-197 (8); NMC 66-198
(13)/NMC 68-11 (2); NMC 68-22 (1); NMC
68-320 (2); NMC 68-322 (1); NMC 68-323
(4); NMC 68-325 (1); NMC 68-327 (1); NMC
68-330 (1); NMC 68-336 (1); NMC 68-339
(1);

Distribution

Collected at numerous sites around the island
to as far north as Eddies Cove area (NMC
66-172) on the Strait of Belle Isle, 51° 27'N,
56 23'W. In Labrador it is known to occur
further north to Raleigh in Pistolet Bay) Leim
and Scott (1966)

Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer, 1839)

Specimens
(86) 31.1-120.2 mm standard length.

Description

D 41-45, mean 42.9; C 10; A 25-31, mean
28.4; P 13-16; br. 6; g.r. 10.1; p.c. 4-6.

Head .22-.26; eye .05-.07; pectoral .16-.20;
upper lateral line .18-.24, of standard length.

Habitat

Collected in bedrock tidepools as well as on
exposed to semi-protected rocky shorelines in
0-36 feet of water, temperature from 6° to
12°C, salinity 19 to 34 °/oo. Usually
found in dense growths of Fucus and
filamentous red and brown algae which
match their reddish brown colour. It has
been seen in deeper water (down to 100 feet)
on open rocky bottom near Halifax, N.S.

16

Species Accounts

Zoarcidae

Ocean pout

Loquette d'Amérique

Collections

NMC 66-160 (1); NMC 66-166 (1); NMC

66-168 (2); NMC 66-173 (1); NMC 66-198
(1)/NMC 67-5 (1); NMC 68-10 (1).

Description

D 83-98X-X11116-28; C 10-12; A 92-103; V
3-4; P 19; br. 6; g.r. 13-18, short stubby; p.c.
2, large rounded.

Depth .09-.15; head .15-.20; eye .029-.054;
pectoral .12-.16; pelvic .042-.046, of standard
length. Ground colour muddy yellow, belly
white. Small specimens checkered on sides
with a prominent black spot on anterior part
of dorsal fin.

Macrozoarces americanus
(Bloch and Schneider, 1801)

Specimens
(6) 52.2-444.0 mm standard length.

Habitat

Small individuals were occasionally found in
low tidepools down to 45 feet deep among a
variety of red and green filamentous algae.
Larger specimens were seined on exposed
slate and gravel bottom at temperatures from
7 to 19°C and salinities from 28 to 34°/oo.
Stomachs of these small specimens contained
remains of polychaetes and gastropods.

Stromateidae

Butterfish
Stromatée a fossettes

Collection
/NMC 68-342 (14).

Poronotus triacanthus (Peck, 1800)

Distribution

This record from St. Chad's Harbour,
Bonavista Bay is over 70 miles north of the
northernmost record, Rose Blanche, south-
west Newfoundland, given by Leim and Scott

(1966).

17

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

VAS UD OS USSU YC PE ee. MT
4 oe REP ott Wildes te ig oie 5 La à

Seen te
‘ e Es ER Ep s SY

z,
74
us *

+
, > à

“

Fig. 4 A cunner or tanche-tautoque, Tautogolabrus adspersus, from Piccadilly Bay, west
Newfoundland, NMC66-134.

= és Le tld j

+ ae

Fig. 5 A sea raven or hémitriptère atlantique, Hemitripterus americanus, from South Cove, St.
Margaret Bay, northwest Newfoundland, NMC66-169. Note the inflated abdomen.
Disturbed individuals inflate themselves by swallowing water.

Fig. 6 An American sand lance or lancon d'Amérique, Ammodytes hexapterus, from Piccadilly
Bay, NMC66-135.

18

References

Backus, R.H.

(1957). The fishes of Labrador. Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. 113(4): 273-338.

Bousfield, E.L.

(1956). Studies on the shore Crustacea
collected in eastern Nova Scotia and New-
foundland. Mat. Mus. Canada Bull. 142:
127-152.

Cox, P.

(1923a). Regional variation of the four-spined
stickleback, Ape/tes quadracus Mitchill.
Canadian Field-Nat. 37 (8): 146-147.
(1923b). A new stickleback from the west
coast of Newfoundland. Canadian Field-Nat.
37(8): 146-148.

Ennis, G.P.

(1969). Occurrences of the little sculpin,
Myoxocephalus aeneus, in Newfoundland
waters. J. Fisheries Res. Bd. Canada 26(6):
1689-1694.

Frost, Nancy

(1938). Some fishes of Newfoundland waters.
Dep. Nat. Resources Newfoundland, Res.
Bull. (4): 1-16.

Garside, E.T. and Kerekes, J.J.

(1969). Eastern extension to the range of the
blackspotted stickleback, Gasterosteus
wheatlandi, in Newfoundland. J Fisheries
Res. Bd. Canada 26(2): 460-461, 1 fig.

Halkett, A.

(1913). Check list of the fishes of the
Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland.
Ottawa, King's Printer. 138 pp.

Hubbs, C.L. and Lagler, K.F.

(1958). Fishes of the Great Lakes Region.
Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 26: 1-186.

Jeffers, G.W.

(1932). Fishes observed in the strait of Belle
Isle. Contrib. Canadian Biol. Fisheries, n.s.
7(13): 203-211.

Johansen, Frits

(1926). Fishes collected in Newfoundland
during the autumn of 1922. Canadian
Field-Nat. 40(1): 1-6.

(1926a) Fishes collected in Newfoundland
during the autumn of 1922. Canadian

Field-Nat. 40(2): 31-36.

Leim, A.H. and Scott, W.B.
(1966). Fishes of the Atlantic Coast of

Canada. Bull. Fisheries Res. Bd. Canada 155:
1-485.

McAllister, D.E.

(1960). List of the marine fishes of Canada.
Nat. Mus. Canada Bull. 168: 1-76.

Newfoundland Fishery Research Commission.
Annual Reports.

(1931). First list of fishes in the Newfound-
land fishing area. Appendix D. 1(4): 107-110.
(1933). Second list of fishes in the Newfound-
land fishing area. Appendix D. 2(1): 125-127.
(1934). Third list of fishes in the Newfound-
land fishing area. Appendix D. 2(2): 115-117.

Scott, W.B. and Crossman, E.J.

(1964). Fishes occurring in the fresh waters of
insular (Newfoundland. Dept. Fisheries.
Ottawa, Queen’s Printer. 124 pp.

(1969). Checklist of Canadian freshwater
fishes with keys for identification. Life Sci.
Misc. Publ. Roy. Ontario Mus. 104 pp., illus.

Templeman, W.

(1948). The life history of the capelin
(Mallotus villosus O.F. Müller) in Newfound-
land waters. Dept. Nat. Resources New-
foundland, Res. Bull. 17: 1-151.

(1963). Distribution of sharks in the Canadian
Atlantic (with special reference to Newfound-
land waters). Bull. Fisheries Res. Bd. Canada
140: 1-77, 30 figs.

(1966). Marine resources of Newfoundland.
Bull. Fisheries Res. Bd. Canada 154: 1-170,
71 figs.

Viadykov, Vadim D.

(1936). Capsules d'oeufs de raies d'Atlantique
Canadien appartenant au genre Raja. Nat.
canadien 63: 211-231, illus.

Vladykov, Vadim D. and McKenzie, R.A.

(1935). The marine fishes of Nova Scotia.
Proc. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci. 19(1): 17-113.

19

Appendix: Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections

Collection
number

Locality

Latitude Longitude Habitat

EXPEDITION COLLECTIONS

Temp. of
surface
water °C

Gear

NMC66-125 Burgeo-La- 47°36’ 58°503' rock & silt, bag seine ge
7 June poile near stream
1966 Grandy Sound mouth, slow
current
NMC66-126 Burgeo-La- 47°36’ 58°50’ mud bottom, gill net _
7-8 June poile protected bay, 2’’ mesh
1966 Grandy Sound rocky shore,
200 yds. off
NMC66-127 Burgeo-La- 47°36’ 58°50’ sand? bottom gill net -
8-9 June poile 100 yds off
1966 Grandy Sound rocky islet.
1 mi. off-
shore
NMC66-128 Burgeo-La- 47°37' 58°50’ gravel, bag seine 10°
8 June poile stones, 40
1966 Grandys ft. off-
Brook shore
NMC66-129 mouth 47°37' 58°41’ gravel, bag seine 5°
9 June Burgeo-La- boulder,
1966 poile refuge
Harbour Le
Cou
NMC66-130 St.George’s- 48°38' 58°58’ sand & silt bag seine 12 :
9 June Port-au-Port grass banks
1966 Victors Brook
NMC66-131 St. George’s- 48°36’ 58°58’ mud, sticks, bag seine TES
10 June Port-au-Port reeds, algae,
1966 Harrys Brook slow current
NMC66-132 S.G.'s-P. 48°36’ 58°58’ gravel boulder bag seine 7 +
10 June au-P. riffle 0-15
1966 Harrys Br. ft. offshore
bridge med.
current
NMC66-133 St.G.'s-P.- 48°35' 58°55’ sand, some bag seine 9°
10 June au-P. West Bay bedrock
1966 0.7 mi. from detritus
South Head 0-100 ft.
offshore
NMC66-134 St.G.'s-P-au-P. 48°35’ 58°55’ rocks, brown silver _
10 June dist. algae spoon &
1966 South Head jig-fish
Piccadilly Bay bait
NMC66-135 St.G.'s-P.-au-P. 48°35’ 58°55’ sand, gravel, bag seine 10°
10 June dist. eel grass,
1966 South Head detritus
Piccadilly Bay beach, 0-50
ft. offshore,
5 hauls

20

Salinity

8.32/00

salt

salt

1.19/00

34.19/00

2.09/00

1.19/00

1.29/00

33.59/00

34.29/00

Depth of
capture,
in ft.

0-2

12-20

0-3

0-3

0-3

18

0-3

Appendix: Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections
Caen | À fj Temp. of ae Depth of
Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
number water °C in ft.
NMC66-136 St.G.'s-Port- 48°33' 58°55’ beach, sand, bag seine 18 3° = 0-1.5
10 June au-Port dist. mud, some
1966 West Bay south gravel, 0-80
end Piccadilly ft. offshore
Bay at Hwy. 49
NMC66-137 St. G.'s-Port- 48°31’ 58°58’ rocky, algae skin diving 6 3° 34.09/00 5-10
10 June au-Port dist. on bottom,
1966 Ship Cove 20-30 ft.,
offshore
NMC66-138 St.G.’s-Port- 48°31' 58°58’ steep gravel bag seine à 34.00/00 0-3
10 June au-Port dist. beach, on
1966 south side shore
Port-au-Port
Peninsula
NMC66-139 St.G.'s-Port- 48°31' 58°58’ rocky cove from fisher- ca. ca. =
10 June au-Port dist. man‘sgill 6 3° 34.
1966 Ship Cove nets
NMC66-140 St.G.'s-Port- 48° 33' 58°43 gravel, silt, bag seine ge 20.29/00 0-1.5
11 June au-Port. fil. green
1966 2 mie. Port- algae
au-Port.
settlement
NMC66-141 St.G.'s-Port- 48°29 58° 26’ sand and bag seine 9° 15.20/00 0-22
11 June au-Port dist. gravel,
1966 n. side mouth sand with
St. George’s R. seaweed & 7? 25.79/00 0-22
detritus
2 hauls
NMC66-142 St.G.'s-Port- 48°24’ 58°37’ sand, Fucus bag seine 9° 26.20/00 0-22
11 June au-Port dist.
1966 south end
Flat Bay
NMC66-143 St.G.'s-Port- 48°33' 58°48’ rocky cove, bag seine 7e 34.80/00 0-22
11 June au-Port dist. gravel
1966 centre south beach
end East Bay
NMC66-144 Humber dist. 49°03' 58°20’ gravel on bag seine 10° 26- 0-3
12 June York Hbr. Bay, shore, sand 27/00
1966 Bay of Islands further out.
Fucus, fil.
brown algae.
0-50 ft.
offshore
NMC66-145 Humber dist. 49°04’ 58°17’ tidepool much rotenone 9-12° 19.5- 0-3
12 June Bay of Islands Fucus, fil. and dipnets 22.8°/00
1966 Blow-Me-Down brown. pink
Hill. 4 mie. encrusting,
York Hbr. algae bottom
bedrock &
boulders.

Tide low & rising

21

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Collection | / ’ Temp. of = Depth of
gal eta; Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water °C in ft.
NMC66-146 Humber dist. 49°04’ 58°17’ rocky point rotenone 10°- 19.5- 0-3
12 June Bay of Islands bedrock & and dipnet 12° 21.59/00
1966 near Blow-Me- boulders.
Down Hill 4 mi. Fucus &
e. York Hbr. fil. brown
NMC66-147 Humber dist. 49°06’ 58°23’ gravel bag seine 15° 26.0°/oo 0-22
12 June Bay of Islands beach 0-30
1966 Lark Hbr. ft. offshore
some Fucus
NMC66-148 Humber dist. 49°03' 58°11’ wharf. jigging 10-15
13 June Bay of Islands bottom with spoon
1966 Frenchman's \ sand gravel
Cove refuse
NMC66-149 Humber dist. 49°03' 58°11’ stream in bag seine 9° 0.89/00 0-5
13 June Bay of Islands tidal zone,
1966 south end sand gravel
Frenchman's and refuse
Cove
NMC66-150 Humber dist. 49°03’ 58°11’ gravel beach bag seine 9° 32.00/00 0-32
13 June Bay of Islands 0-20 ft.
1966 south end offshore
Frenchman's
Cove
NMC66-151 St.Barbe dist. 49°26" 57°52’ gravel, few bag seine — 0.50/00 0-2
14 June Bonne Bay boulders med.
1966 stream at head current,
South Arm clear water
NMC66-152 St. Barbe dist. 49°26° 57°52’ gravel, bag seine Te - 0-2
14 June Bonne Bay branches
1966 overflow pool some brown
near stream- fil. algae
South Arm 2 hauls
NMC66-153 St. Barbe dist. 49°29’ 57°55’ gravel jigger & — salty 8-50
14 June Bonne Bay bottom, spoon. no
1966 South Arm boulders, bait
at Woody Pt. sand. 50-
300 ft.
offshore
NMC66-154 St. Barbe dist. 49°54’ 57°49 brook mouth bag seine ae 0.50/00 0-2
15 June s. end Cow gravel.
1966 Cove n. of eelgrass,
St. Pauls Fucus, wrack
NMC66-155 St. Barbe dist. 49°50’ 57°45’ sand, rock jigging— 103° 17.59/00 15
15 June centre w. end bottom. silver surface
1966 of St. Pauls shore Fucus spoon
Inlet clumps

22

Appendix:

Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections

EE Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear
NMC66-156 St. Barbe dist. 49°50’ 57°52’ bedrock, rotenone &
15 June Broom Pt. boulders dipnet
1966 2.5 mi.s. brown algae

St. Pauls Inlet rocky point
NMC66-157 St. Barbe dist. 49°55’ 57°48’ boulders, by hand
15 June Cow Head gravel, Fucus
1966 Hbr. north side clumps.

of spit leading gravel spit

to Cow Head beach. 0-100

a ft. offshore

NMC66-158 St. Barbedist. 49°50’ 57°48’ sand, gravel, bag seine
15 June southern few boulders
1966 corner St. Fucus & fil.

Pauls Inlet browns
NMC66 -159 St. Barbe dist. 49°55’ 57°46’ gravel, sand. gill net
15-16 June St. Pauls Fucus, Ulva. 2,14"
1966 Inlet eelgrass mesh

2.5 mi. s.e.

St. Pauls
NMC66-160 St. Barbedist. 50°25’ 57°29’ surf filled rotenone &
16 June north of tidepools dipnet
1966 Bellburns rich in Fucus,

8.4 mi. S. River other algae

of Ponds
NMC66-161 St. Barbe dist. 50°37’ 57°9' fil. green bag seine
16 June Brook between algae,
1966 East R. & marginal

Torrent R. marsh grass

east end mud, sand

Hawke Bay
NMC66-162 St. Barbedist. 50°39’ 57°16’ gravel. gill net
16-17 June centre Fucus on
1966 north side shore-spit

Port Saunders 150 yds.

Bay offshore
NMC66-163 St. Barbe dist. 51°01’ 57°04° sand, some bag seine
17 June Shoal Cove gravel
1966 between Black bedrock.

Pt. and 0-60 ft.

New Ferolle offshore

Pt. 1.5 mi. w.

Reefs Hbr.
NMC66-164 St. Barbe dist. 51° 00° 57°00’ rock, gravel, jig
17 June South Cove. Fucus. spoon
1966 St. Margaret bedrock 300 capelin

Bay yds. offshore bait
NMC66-165 St. Barbe dist. 51°012' 57°03’ pebble bag seine
17 June St. Margaret beach. no
1966 Bay west of veg.

Reefs Hbr.

Temp. of Depth of

surface Salinity capture,

water °C in ft.

9° 33.49/00 0-3

134 31.59/00 1

13° ca. 0-1
19.°/00

102° 17.59/00 20-30
surface

7e 32 - 0-32
34°/o00

10° fresh 0-3

salt 15-20

= 31.50/00 0-32

= - 15-40

TA — 0-3

23

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Collection 4 ; 8 à Temp. of ror Depth of
Der Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water °C in ft.
NMC66-166 St. Barbe dist. 51°01’ 57°02’ bedrock rotenone Az - 0-1.5
17 June St. Margaret tidepools & dipnet
1966 Bay west of red brown,
Reefs Hbr. green algae
NMC66-167 St. Barbedist. 49°59’ 56°58’ gravel angling Ca. fresh 1-3
17 June e.end bottom, fly & 15°
1966 South Cove, banks few spoon
St. Margaret boulders,
Bay 2 mi. stream,
stretch between width 20-
pond, cove 30 ft.
NMC66-168 St. Barbe 51°01" 57°05" Tidepools rotenone 10° 30.09/00 0-22
17 June dist. St. Fucus & dipnet
1966 John Bay browns,
n.end calcareous
New Ferolle nodules,
Pen. bedrock with
boulders,
sponges, sea
urchins.
Tide 2 2 ft.
below top
of Fucus
NMC66-169 St. Barbe 51° 00° 57°00’ rock and gill net — salt 25-35
17-18 June dist. centre gravel,
1966 west side some
South Cove, Fucus
St. Margaret Bay
NMC66-170 St. Barbe 51°05’ 56°52’ bedrock, bag seine 13° fresh 0-1
18 June dist. stream gravel, & hand
1966 entering detritus collecting
Blue Cove 10-30 ft.
wide current
varied
NMC66-171 St. Barbe 51°22’ 56°34’ boulder, jigging— 7 31.59/00 15-20
18 June dist. Green gravel. silver,
1966 Island Cove Fucus. brass
Govt. Pier 50-100 ft. spoons
offshore
NMC66-172 St. Barbe 512272 (56223: Tidepool, by hand 125° salt 0-5
18 June dist. north open coast.
1966 of Eddies bedrock,
Cove. 12 mi. boulders.
s. Big Brook Tide falling
NMC66-173 White Bay 51°30’ 55°51’ slate, rocks, bag seine 14 28.59/00 0-2
18 June dist. gravel, O- 19°
1966 Pistolet Bay 200 ft.
7 mi. s.w. offshore
Raleigh

24

Appendix: Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections

Collection : i ; Temp oh BÉPENOS
number Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water ° C in ft.
NMC66-174 White Bay 51°32’ 55°28’ boulders, bag seine 8° 30.50/00 0-32
18 June dist. Fucus
1966 Griguet Hbr. slate. 0-40
at Griguet ft. offshore
NMC66-175 White Bay 51280" 55229; gravel, 200 jigging — salt 15-20
18 June dist. St. ft. offshore small
1966 Lunaire at spoon—
end of pier capelin bait.
NMC66-176 White Bay 5ANSGM 557153" rock bottom gill net ye salt 9-22
18-19 June dist. east 100 yds.
1966 + of While offshore
Bight, west of
Pistolet Bay
NMC66-177 White Bay— Bile sisy SPE Sy black mud bag seine 10-12° fresh 0-12
19 June brook entering e. bottom,
1966 While Bight fil. algae
mi. w. Cooks Hbr.
NMC66-178 White Bay 51936-55953: 2 tidepools, rotenone po 31.00/00 0-2
19 June dist. east 2 some Fucus, & dipnet
1966 of While fil. green
Bight algae
NMC66-179 White Bay 51°36) 55°53) gravel, dipnet 6° salt 0-3
19 June beach in coarse and hand
1966 While Bight sand
east part
NMC66-180 St. Barbe bess 56247 mud, sand, bag seine 116% brack- 0-2
19 June dist. 2 mi. detritus ish
1966 n. St. Barbe, boulders &
Western bedrock.
Arm Brook current 1 ft/
sec. or less.
2 hauls
NMC66-181 St. Barbe 502517 5/20" tidepool, rotenone 9-11° 29.52/00 0-2
19 June dist. Squid bedrock, & dipnet
1966 Cove. St. fil. brown,
John Bay 3 mi. red algae.
n. Barr’d Hbr. tidal inflow
slight
NMC66-182 Green Bay 49°35' 56°10’ sand & bag seine 8° 27.09/00 0-3
21 June dist. s.w. gravel beach,
1966 Arm of Green some Fucus
Bay at King’s
Pt. western
Notre Dame Bay
NMC66-183 Green Bay 49°37' 56° 10" gravel. 50 silver 9° salt 15
21 June dist. from ft. offshore spoon
1966 Pier Southwest bacon
Arm at Rattling bait

Brook

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Collection : Temp. of À Depth of
number Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water °C in ft.

NMC66-184 Green Bay- 49°15’ 55°04’ mud, sand, bag seine 15° 27.00/00 0-37
21 June Twillingate eelgrass
1966 dist. cove Fucus. tide

w. side low, rising

Burnt Bay

2 mi. n. of centre

of Lewisporte.

Bay of Exploits
NMC66-185 Green Bay- 49°15’ 55°04’ sand, gravel, rotenone 15° 27.09/00 0-3
21 June Twillingate rocks, Fucus, & dipnet
1966 dist. cove w. fil. brown

side Burnt algae

Bay. Bay of

Exploits
NMC66-186 Bonavista 48°39" 53°55’ gravel and gill net 8° 25.00/00 0-15
21-22 June North-dist. rocks, Fucus
1966 S. Arm Alexander on shore

Bay } mi.

e. Trayton
NMC66-187 Placentia-St. 47288%%53° 56 mud, rocks, bag seine 11:52 brackish 0-3
22 June Mary's dist. refuse. 0-20
1966 in brook near ft. offshore

mouth. Little fil. green

Harbour. algae
NMC66-188 Placentia- 47°03’ 53°03' tidepool rotenone 8-9° salt 0-12
22 June St. Mary's dist. rocky, & dipnet
1966 east side St. exposed.

Mary's Bay 1.2 Fucus.

mi. south rocks, bedrock

O'Donnells
NMC66-189 Placentia- 47°04’ 53°34’ gravel, mud, bag seine in brackish 0-2
22 June St. Mary’s dist. detritus
1966 0.6 mi. s. some Fucus.

O'‘Donnells, fil. green algae

Avalon Pen. on shore.

steep beach

NMC66-190 Harbour Main- 47°30’ 53°01' boulders, bag seine 10° 1-20/00 0-3
24 June Bell Is. dist. gravel, fil.
1966 Kelligrews in a!gae. 0-30

Conception ft. offshore,

Bay lagoon at protected

mouth of brook
NMC66-191 Harbour Main- 47°23’ 53°08" gravel, 75 ft. jigging— — - 10-15
24 June Bell Is. dist. offshore. small
1966 southernmost some algae baited

Conception Bay spoon

at Holyroad—

pier at C.N.R.

station

26

Appendix: Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections
Fi Temp. of Depth of
Coleen Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water °C in ft.
NMC66-192 Bonavista South 48°41’ 53°40’ tidepool rotenone 6 30.59/00 0-2
25 June dist. Eastport bedrock few & dipnet
1966 Bay 4 mi. n.e. boulders,
of Eastport some Fucus,
tide low
NMC66-193 Bonavista S. 48°39’ 53°44' tidepool rotenone (30 salt 0-2
25 June dist. Eastport bedrock, & dipnet
1966 Bay 1 mi.n.e. some boulders
of Eastport some small
fil. red,
brown algae
some tidal
current—low
& rising
NMC66-194 Bonavista N. 48°36) 532537 sand, few bag seine 10 230/00 0-3
25 June dist. centre boulders with
1966 South Arm Fucus. 0-75 ft.
Alexander Bay offshore.
8 mi. w. of eelgrass, fil.
Eastport brown algae.
rising tide.
2 hauls
NMC66-195 Green Bay- 49°24’ 54°51’ gravel & jigging — salt 8
25 June Twillingate rocks, silver
1966 dist. Bay of algae 50 ft. spoon
Exploits, offshore
pier at high tide
Comfort Cove
NMC66-196 Green Bay- 49°23' 54°51’ gravel, sand rotenone 97°C salt 0-372
25 June Twillingate boulders, & dipnet
1966 dist. west rocks. 0-20
side Loon ft. offshore
Bay —2 mi. protected low
s. Newport tide
Bay of Exploits
NMC66-197 Green Bay- 49°23' 54°51" boulder rock rotenone 10° 28.0°/00 0-45
26 June Twillingate slopes, & dipnet+
1966 dist. islet Fucus scuba
2 mi. offshore shallow,
2 mi. s. Newport. various
Bay of Exploits algae deeper.
0-90 ft.
offshore.
tide low
NMC66-198 White Bay 49°34’ 56°49’ bedrock ledge rotenone Sie 28.09/00 0-3
26 June dist. south gravel, & dipnet
1966 end, east side boulders. fil.
White Bay 22 mi. brown algae.
n. Hampden tide high

27

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

Collection A : : ; Temp. of Se Depth of

Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
mamiber water °C in ft.
NMC66-199 St. George's- 48°19’ 58°42’ gravel bag seine 16° fresh 0-3
27 June Port-au-Port boulders. surf.
1966 dist. mouth 0-20 ft. brack-

of Fishells offshore. ish

Brook behind bar high tide below
NMC66-200 St. George’s- 47°50’ 59°18’ mud, fil. bag seine 112 12.80/00 0-22
28 June Port-au-Port algae, young
1966 dist. south side eelgrass.

Grand Codroy R. 0-50 ft.

estuary east end offshore

of Searston
NMC66-201 St. George’s- 47°49’ 59°19’ sand, then bag seine 42-6° 319/00 0-32
28 June Port-au-Port gravel (2 hauls)
1966 dist. mouth eelgrass and

Grand Codroy R. wrack/medium

1 mi. s.w. tidal current,

Searston 0-20 ft. offshore
NMC66-202 Burgeo-La- 47°35’ 59°08’ mud, Fucus, rotenone 6° 312/00 0-12
28 June poile dist. 0-5 ft. & dipnets
1966 n. end of bay offshore.

1 mi. n.e. of protected

Port aux Basques
NMC66-203 Burgeo-La- 47°35’ 59°10’ gravel, sand rotenone Tks 28.0°/00 0-2
28 June poile dist. rock ledges, & dipnet
1966 Grand Bay east Fucus, Ulva,

at Trans. Can. brown algae.

Hy Causeway 0-3 ft. offshore.

west side protected. tide

low & rising

NMC66-204 Burgeo-La- 47°34' 59°08’ gravel and jig and 6° salt 20-25
28 June poile dist. refuse, small spoon
1966 J. Hardy Co. Laminaria Cunner bait

Fish pier Port on Pier

aux Basques
NMC66-205 Burgeo-La- 47°35’ 59°08’ rubbish, mud, _ baited 67° salt 25-30
29 June poile dist. rocks. small
1966 C.N.R. pier at Laminaria on spoon

Channel Port pilings, calm

aux Basques. protected
OTHER MUSEUM COLLECTIONS
NMC58-286 Piccadilly, head 48°34’ 58°55’ black sand dipnet 15.6° brackish 0-3
15 July West Bay and shells
1954
NMC58-307 Cape Spear, 47°32’ 52°38’ - — = =. =
25 July southeast of
1954 St. John's
NMC58-309 Piccadilly at 48°34 58°55' — = = = =
15 July head West Bay
1954

28

Appendix:

Geographical and Ecological Data for Collections

Collection à 5 s \ Temp. of Depth of
briser Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear surface Salinity capture,
water °C in ft.
NMC58-310 Burin Bay Arm, 47°04’ 55°10’ — dipnet 16.7° salt 0-3
6 Aug. Burin Peninsula
1954
NMC64-559 pond east of 48°15’ 58°48’ - — — fresh -
26 July Robinsons,
1962 north of
Port aux Basques
NMC64-564 small lake 47°24" 53°47" — — = fresh 0-3
1 Aug. Gushues Pond
1962 Avalon Pen.
NMC64-579 Badger Brook 48°59’ 56°02’ _ a — fresh 0-3
3 Aug. at Badger
1962
NMC66-593 Freshwater 47°33' 52°'41° jagged bed- baited _ salt 24-30
24-30 Sept. Bay, 1 mile rock long
1966 south St. John's line
Harbour
NMC66-596 Lark Harbour, 49°06’ 58°22’ sandy, rock hook & line — salt 5-15
24 Sept. Bay of Islands from wharf
1966
NMC67-1 Middle Cove, 47°39’ 52°41’ bedrock, by hand — salt 0-1
15 Oct. north of St. tidepool with
1966 John's green algae
NMC67-2 Cape Broyle 47°03" 52°52’ mud & silt, spear & — salt 15-40
26 Nov. Harbour, south some rocks scuba
1966 of St. John's !
NMC67-5 Bay Bulls, 47°18 52°47’ bedrock, talus spear & — salt 15-45
3 Dec. south of slopes, sand scuba
1966 St. John's
NMC68-10 Long Reach 48°43 53°48 narrow talus spear & — salt 10-30
14 June Island, 2 miles siope & muddy scuba
1967 northwest of bottom
Burnside,
Bonavista Bay
NMC68-11 St. Chad's, 48°41' 53°46' bedrock ridges lobster- - salt 18-36
22 July Bonavista and talus traps
1967 Bay
NMC68-12 St. Chad's, 48°41' 53°46’ from wharf flyrod — salt near
23 July Bonavista surface
1967 Bay
NMC68-17 Bay Bulls, 47°18’ 52°47' talus spear & — salt 24-30
25-27 July south of scuba
1967 St. John's

29

Fish Collections from Newfoundland

; Temp. of Depth of
ca ae Locality Latitude Longitude Habitat Gear Aube Salinity ur
water °C in ft.
NMC68-22 Portugal Cove, 47°37’ 52°52° rocky, talus scuba & — salt 25
6 Feb. Conception Bay rotenone
1967
NMC68-320 St. Chad's 48°41' 53°46’ _— lobster- — salt 0-36
to NMC68- Harbour, traps, dip-
342 (except Bonavista nets, plankton
NMC68-337) Bay nets
26 Jul-23 Nov.
1966

30