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Reprinted from HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION.
Vol. X, pp. 249-298, pls. U-xxvr te
CONTRIBUTION NO. 59, FROM THE ZOOLOGICAL, LABORATORY,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, JACOB REIGHARD, DIRECTOR.
LLIN 8 i { : a ‘paves
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WITH son tdhayaiasteyets OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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DYCNOGONIDA OF THE
WEST COAST OF
NORTH AMERICA
BY
LEON J. COLE
oe OD
ih, i ii oA
Mee & o
HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION pecs eM HE SIE
) | NEW YORK
eat eet _ DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Laan | 1904
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EVCGNOGONIDA: OF THE.,.WEST
COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
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PYCNOGONIDA OF THE WEST COAST OF
NORTH AMERICA
BY LEON J. COLE
CONTENTS.
PMCTOCUCUION: Ooo is Sa ces oe ses Sisterwlatewee Wales and arate loracle chatevs Saag
Be Oerap ical MISEMOMEOM e's Sica isiscises Scie ee & #408 coerce alee ela mtewes 250
Ee assincatioi and terminology s. soot ke ae chs'ee bale eich cure Bible's 6 Bs 253
PECMMLOREHC SPCCIES Gu ie, ose aioe ees Oe a Oe wee oeecns Simie evavelevave ve 258
Systematic discussion of species ............ 5G 8 Bodine able Sheree 5G
SADE UEDPUL Yi taicra ecctcl ese nsle Soko wiavesslalwselicatelatels rage mies eyel-niscs Gateiaiote mr 2O
INTRODUCTION.
THE Pycnogonida collected by the Harriman Alaska Expedi-
tion form the basis of the material described in the following
pages. They were obtained by those members of the party who
devoted their attention to the invertebrate forms, Professor W. E.
Ritter, Dr. W. R. Coe, and Professor Trevor Kincaid; I have also
to thank Professor Kincaid for several specimens collected by
him upon a previous trip to the Pribilof Islands, in 1897. In
addition to the above, the Pycnogonida in the collection of the
University of California, from various places along the California
coast, were placed at my disposal. Finally several lots, also from
California, were turned over to me by Dr. S. J. Holmes, to whom
I am indebted for many courtesies. I have been generously
permitted to include descriptions of all these forms, so that,
with the exception of two previous notes, each describing a
new species, of which one is included in the present collections,
all that has been written on the littoral Pycnogonida of the
west coast of North America will be found in this paper.
(249)
250 COLE
Of the two species previously described from the Pacific coast
the first was established by Stimpson (’64) from a single speci-
men, which he called Ammothea longicaudata, collected in Puget
Sound by the Northwest Boundary Commission. Stimpson’s
description of the species is preliminary and indeterminate; the
fuller description and figures were never published. In 1892
Ives (’92) described a species of Pycnogonum from San Diego,
California, which he named Pycnogonum stearnst, after the collec-
tor. These constitute the references to the shore forms on the
Pacific coast of North America. Schimkewitsch (’93) has de-
scribed the deep-sea specimens collected by the AJ/datross in the
Gulf of California and to the southward, none of which was
taken in less than 660 fathoms of water, and in a previous paper
(Schimkewitsch, ’89) he describes the collections of the Vettor
Pisani, a part of which were made in the Gulf of Panama and at
various places along the coast of South America. On the Atlantic
coast of North America the chief systematic work has been done
by Wilson (’'78, 78», ’80, and ’81).
The collections here reported comprise altogether 108 speci-
mens, of which 42 are adult males, 39 adult females, and 27
immature specimens. These represent 13 species, included in
9g genera. Specimens of all these species have been deposited
in the Museum of the University of California, including the
type specimens of those species which are here described for the
first time. Duplicates, so far as possible, will be deposited in the
United States National Museum.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
The available data are so meager that no very general conclu-
sions can be drawn respecting the distribution of Pycnogonida
on the Pacific coast. It may be worth while, however, to con-
sider the question briefly, and to compare the results with what
is known of the distribution of other groups in that region. The
accompanying table shows graphically the distribution of the
Pycnogonida known from the west coast, including the species
reported from Puget Sound, which may possibly be synonymous
with one of the species of Ammothea reported from Alaska.
PYCNOGONIDS
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‘VOINANV HLYON AO LSVOO LSUM AHL NO VGINODONDAd AO NOILNAINLSIGC DNIMOHS ATIVL
252 COLE
In the table the localities are arranged in order from the north
and west toward the east and south, from Bering Sea to southern
California. The species are similarly arranged in the order of
their first occurrence in the list of localities. It will be noticed
that there is a great gap in the series of localities extending the
whole distance from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to northern
California, except for the single record of Stimpson at Puget
Sound, This gap is indicated in the table by double lines.
It seems at first surprising that more of the species are not
identical with North Atlantic forms; but when it is taken into
account that only four species have been found to the northward
on the Pacific side, and that one of these, Phoxichilidium femora-
tum Rathke, is circumpolar, being found also on the coasts of
northern Europe, the proportion does not appear so small. Fur-
thermore, twavother of the four species, Ammothea latifrons and
Ammothea alaskensts, correspond fairly closely to the European
forms Ammothea echinata (Hodge) and Ammothea levis (Hodge)
respectively, and it is not unlikely that they have been differen-
tiated from common circumpolar types.
In discussing the distribution of the Hydroids collected by the
Harriman Alaska Expedition, Nutting (: 01) takes exception to
the definition of the Pacific faunal areas made by Dall (76) in
‘An Introductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by
Mr. Clark.’ Dall extended what he called the Oregonian Fauna
from Monterey to the Shumagin Islands; Nutting would not
extend this southern fauna farther northward than about the
region of Puget Sound. Then, instead of a break at the Shu-
magin Islands with a distinct fauna beyond (called the Aleutian
by Dall), the results of further research would seem to show that
from Puget Sound to the Aleutian Islands the fauna is fairly con-
tinuous and homogeneous, and to this Nutting has applfed the
name Alaskan Fauna. Reasoning from the close relation existing
between Pycnogonida and Hydroid colonies, the former being so
often found with and perhaps obtaining their food from the latter,
and the larvz, in some cases at least, being known to be parasitic
upon the Hydroids, either living within the gastral cavity (Dohrn,
’81, p. 76) or attached to the outside with the proboscis buried in
the body of the host (von Lendenfeld, ’83), it would not be at all
PYCNOGONIDS 253
surprising if a correlation were found in their distribution. In this
connection the results presented in the table may have some bear-
ing on the question of a line of demarcation at the Shumagin
Islands. The evidence does not favor such a distinction, for it
will be noticed that of the two forms obtained at Orca, both are
found at Popof Island, and one of them at Unalaska, still farther
west.
As might perhaps be expected, all the species from California
are different from those found in Alaska; but in determining the
position of the dividing line between the two faunas the data at
hand give no help, although, as Nutting supposes, it is not at all
unlikely that the line is not far to the southward of Puget Sound.
The fauna of the California coast is in some respects strikingly
like that of the Gulf of Naples. For instance, two representatives
of the genus Ammothella are found along the coast of that State,
and none to the northward, while of the other four species which
apparently belong to this genus (see p. 273), but which have here-
tofore been referred to the unrestricted genus Ammothea, three
are recorded from Naples by Dohrn (’81), and one from the Ber-
mudas by Verrill (:00). The genus Clotenia is known only from
the original species, C. conirostris Dohrn, from Naples, and C.
occidentalis from Pacific Grove, California. This similarity in the
faunas of the two places is probably brought about merely by the
similarity in temperature rather than by any direct faunal relation,
as a similarity can be found between the forms occurring on the
coast of California and those of any place having much the same
thermal conditions. For example, the two previously known
species of Lecythorhynchus have been recorded only from Japan,
where the conditions are much the same as on the California
coast.
CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY.
The classification of the Pycnogonida is at best very unsettled.
The group as a whole is remarkably homogeneous, the classifica-
tion depending for the most part upon such characters as the
development or non-development, or the loss in adult life, of
certain of the anterior appendages. Other differences are often
254 COLE
correlated with these, giving some justification for the groupings,
but it is not at all improbable that widely separated forms are in
this way often put together; conversely, specimens of the same
species but of different ages have sometimes been placed even in
different families.' Like my predecessors, however, for want of
a better standard, I have retained those groupings which seemed
most convenient.
In the matter of the terminology of parts I have, with a few
exceptions, followed that given by Meinert (’99) in the ‘ Pycno-
gonida of the Danish Ingolf-Expedition,’ which in turn differs
little from that used by Sars (’91, and previous papers). In using
this system rather than the more non-committal nomenclature of
Dohrn, I have been influenced by two considerations. In the first
place, these names, or names much like them, have been on the
whole more generally employed in works on Pycnogonida. Sec-
ondly, the Pycnogonida form such a highly specialized and well
differentiated group that terms similar to those used for other
classes of Arthropoda can be employed without necessarily im-
plying that the parts so designated are homologous, but merely
analogous in position, shape, or use. Furthermore, the tendency
of recent writers has been to use special names for parts, rather
than more general appellations, and it is of the utmost importance
that some system should be uniformly established.
In the following pages the word ‘body’ is used as a general
term to include the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral processes,
while ‘trunk’ has for convenience been restricted to only the main
portion of the body, the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral
processes being excluded. Instead of ‘ovigerous leg’ the word
‘oviger’ has been employed, and simply ‘leg’ is made to take
the place of the cumbersome phrase ‘ambulatory leg,’ as there is
no danger of confusion. When the tarsal joints and the claw are
spoken of as a whole, that portion of the leg is called the ‘ foot’;
and when the ventral margin of the second tarsal joint is differen-
tiated, the basal expansion is spoken of as the ‘heel,’ and the
1Thus Wilson (’80), before it was recognized that Ache/ia included merely the adults
of those forms placed in the genus Ammothea, put Ammothea in the family Nymphonide,
while Achelia was classed along with Zanysty/um in a family which he called the
Achelidz,
PYCNOGONIDS 258
remainder of the surface as the ‘sole.’ In describing the joints
of the palpi and ovigera the abbreviations 7.1, 7.2, etc., are often
used, and similarly the joints of the legs are abbreviated to ¢.1,
¢.2, ¢.3 for the first, second, and third coxal joints, f for femoral,
etc., when the meaning cannot be mistaken. In speaking of the
dimensions of a joint, ‘length’ is always in the direction of the
axis of the appendage, ‘breadth’ at right angles to it, regardless
of the proportions of the two. The same rule also holds true for
the parts of the body, ‘length’ being in the direction of the axis
of the animal; but when the lateral process alone is spoken of,
it has the same long axis as the leg. In general, proportionate
measurements are used in preference to absolute, as it is thought
they will prove more practicable in determining species. Measure-
ments of the length of the whole animal, or ‘body,’ as it is usually
called, are taken from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the
caudal segment. When possible the specimen is flattened out so
that the proboscis projects straight forward and the caudal seg-
ment straight backward in order to get this measurement, and
when this is not possible it is approximated as nearly as can be.
Extent is another measurement which it is difficult to obtain with
any degree of accuracy. When practicable I have done this by ex-
tending the specimen as fully as possible and measuring directly
—usually from the tip of the second leg of one side to the tip of
the third leg of the other. For one reason or another this can
not always be done conveniently, and in such cases it is often
necessary to get the leg measurement joint by joint, and to deter-
mine the total extent approximately in this way. Such a degree
of accuracy is generally not necessary in determining the abso-
lute size of the species, but is often of much importance in order
to get proportion of extent to length, and to other dimensions,
in the same specimen. Most authors give measurements for
at least length and extent, but as they seldom state just
how they are made, they can be used only with considerable
caution,
The following comparative table of terms used by several of
the more recent authors may be of service in comparing descrip-
tions. A much more complete synonymy will be found in Mei-
nert’s report (99).
COLE
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258 COLE
KEY TO THE SPECIES
The following key is adapted only to the species of Pycno-
gonida described in this paper, and is applicable only to adult
forms. If a chelate specimen not positively known to be adult
cannot be identified by it, the specimen may be an immature in-
dividual and can perhaps be traced by considering it under A,
forms with “ Chelifori present, not chelate in adult.”
A. Chelifori present, not chelate in adult; palpi present; ovigera 10-
jointed, present in both sexes (AMMOTHEID2Z).
B. Body rather elongate, distinctly segmented ; lateral processes well
separated; chelifori 1-jointed; palpi g-jointed (Lecythorhyn-
chus).
C. Proboscis subcylindrical or elliptical, constricted in its middle
third ... . . . Lecythorhynchus marginatus, p. 260
B’. Body more or less disciform ; segmentation often indistinct ; lateral
processes approximated.
C. Chelifori 2- or 3-jointed; palpi 8- or g-jointed.
D. Chelifori 2-jointed; palpi 8-jointed (Ammothea).
E. Chelifori more than half as long as proboscis; caudal seg-
ment reaching at least to middle of second coxal joint of
fourth pairoflegs . . . . Ammothea laiifrons, p. 263
E’. Chelifori less than half as long as proboscis.
F. Proboscis narrow, fusiform; forms less than 4 mm. in
length and 20 mm. in extent.
G. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint about
half as long as the joint; genital protuberance in
male of about the same length.
Ammothea alaskensis, p. 266
G’. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint fully
three fourths as long as the joint; genital protu-
berance in ¢ only about half as long as protuberance
on first coxal joint . . Ammothea gracilipes, p. 269
F’. Proboscis broadly clavate, truncate at the apex; forms
over 4 mm. in length and 20 mm. in extent.
Ammothea pribilofensis, p. 270
D’. Chelifori 3-jointed; palpi 9-jointed (Ammothella).
E. Eye tubercle low, rounded; first 2 or 3 trunk segments
with a conical tubercle dorsally near the posterior border.
Ammothella tuberculata, p. 273
E’. Eye tubercle tall, slender; caudal segment slender, curved,
elevated, spinose; first and second trunk segments with
a pair of spines dorsally near the posterior border.
Ammothella spinifera, p. 275
C’. Chelifori usually 1-, sometimes 2-jointed; palpi 6- or 7-jointed.
( Zanystylum).
PYCNOGONIDS 259
D. Chelifori 2-jointed. . . . Zanystylum intermedium, p. 278
C’’. Chelifori 1-jointed; palpi 4-jointed; body very much shortened
(Clotenia). . . « C. occidentalis, p. 281
. Chelifori present, chelate; palpi absent ; ovigera present in the
male only, 5- or 6-jointed (PuoNXICHILIDIID),
B. First trunk segment produced very little, or not at all, anteriorly
beyond base of proboscis; lateral processes well separated ;
ovigera 5-jointed (Phoxichilidium) . . . P. femoratum, p. 283
B’. First trunk segment projecting somewhat anteriorly beyond base
of proboscis; body concentrated, lateral processes closely ap-
proximated (Halosoma). . . .f. viridintestinalis, p. 286
B”. First trunk segment projecting “well beyond base of proboscis,
forming a slender neck; body elongate, lateral processes well
separated ; ovigera 6-jointed (Anoplodactylus).
C. Caudal segment directed upward . Anoplodactylus erectus, p. 289
A”. Chelifori and palpi both absent; ovigera present in the male only
(PYCNOGONID#).
B. Ovigera g- or 10-jointed (Pycnogonum).
C. Ovigera ro-jointed. . . . . . Lycnogonum stearnsi, p. 292
SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF SPECIES.
PYCNOGONIDA.
Family ACHELIDAZ
Chelifori present, chelate in larva but not inadult; palpi present;
ovigera 10-jointed, present in both sexes.
Genus Lecythorhynchus Bohm (’79p).
Corniger BOHM, ’79%, p. 186.
Trunk rather stout, sutures well defined; lateral processes rather short,
well separated. Caudal segment moderately long, pointed upward.
Eye tubercle slightly anterior to middle of first segment, pointed.
Proboscis comparatively long, approximately cylindrical. Chelifori
either 1-jointed (mere knobs) or 2-jointed.1 Palpi long, 9-jointed.
Ovigera 10-jointed. Legs moderately long and stout; first tarsal joint
very small; second tarsal joint stout, curved ; claw strong; auxiliary claws
large.
Remarks.—Bohm first named this genus Corniger, but later, finding
that name untenable,? changed it to the present one. Besides the species
here described, the genus at present includes only the two species recorded
by Bohm, both of which came from Japan.
1In Lecythorhynchus armatus Bohm,
2 ‘« Ta die Bezeichnung Corniger indess bereits fiir eine Fischgattung vergeben ist, so
mag dieselbe durch Lecythorhynchus ersetzt werden.” —Bohm (’79>).
260 COLE
LECYTHORHYNCHUS MARGINATUS sp. nov. 4 |
Plate x1, figs. 1-2; plate xv, figs. 1-8.
Type.— 4, University of California, No. 19,501, San Pedro Point,
California; ¢, University of California, No. 19,502, Dillon’s Beach,
California.
Trunk rather stout, second segment broadest; sutures well defined ;
lateral processes squarish, shorter than breadth of trunk segment; the
first pair projecting forward at an angle of about 45°, the second at a lesser
angle, third pair projecting somewhat backward, and fourth pair still more
so. There is in some cases an indication of a slight chitinous ridge on
the mid-dorsal line of the lateral processes.
Caudal segment comparatively long, about equal to second joint of palp,
nearly vertical, subconical, with a small nodular projection on the an-
terior side at the apex; anal opening just posterior to this projection.
Eye tubercle small, pointed, placed rather nearer to the bases of the
chelifori than to the posterior border of the segment. Eyes dark, com-
paratively large, crowded.
Proboscis nearly as long as trunk, projecting obliquely downward, sub-
cylindrical or elliptical, but constricted in the middle third, thus appearing
somewhat swollen both behind and ahead of the middle; tapering
gradually in the distal fourth to the rounded extremity.
Chelifori short and rudimentary, thumb-like, simple, parallel or nearly so.
Palpi arising nearly lateral to the chelifori, overreaching the proboscis
by about half its length. Nine-jointed: 7.1 short, square; 7.2 three or
four times as long; 7.3 short again like 7.1, lying at middle of proboscis;
7-4 equal to 7.2; 77.5, 6, 7, 8, and g all short and rounded, altogether
about equal in length to the two preceding joints; 7.5 slightly projecting.
The palpi usually make a zigzag line due to a sharp bending downward
at the third joint and a bend forward again at the fifth. There area few
small spines on the palpi, especially on the fifth and succeeding joints.
Ovigera somewhat different in structure as well as in size in the two
sexes. In the male they are about equal in length, when straightened out,
to the length of the whole animal. First joint comparatively short and
broad; 7.2 about twice as long, more slender; third as long as first,
slender like second ; fourth and fifth about equal to second; sixth shorter;
seventh small, rounded, armed with a group of small backwardly pointing
spines; 77.8, 9, and 1o successively smaller and in line, but 7.8 proceeds
from the side of 7.7, thus forming a sharp angle at this place. These joints
also have a few very small spines. The appendage as a whole is sigmoid-
PYCNOGONIDS 261
ally curved. The ovigera of the female are noticeably smaller than those
of the male; the first three joints are somewhat similar, but the fourth is
shorter in proportion, and from this point to and including the tenth they
decrease more or less regularly in size. The eighth, ninth, and tenth fol-
low in line with the seventh, in this way making the terminal part of
the appendage straight instead of sharply bent as in the male. With the
exception of the spines mentioned on the distal joints in the male, the
ovigera of both sexes are practically smooth.
The egg-masses are subglobular, fairly compact, and the eggs pro-
portionately rather large.
Legs somewhat over twice the length of the animal, comparatively
rather stout. First coxal joint short; ¢.2 about twice as long as ¢.1,
swollen on ventral side in distal third in both sexes, the genital opening
being situated on this swelling; ¢.3 little longer than ¢.1; f. about equal
in length to the coxal region, distended somewhat by the developing eggs
in the female; in the male the so-called agglutinative gland opens on a
slight prominence on the dorsal side about a fourth of the distance from
the distal end of the femoral joint, this prominence not being present in
the female; #1 and 42 about equal in length, slightly shorter than /;
#s.t very short, triangular; /s.2 stout, strongly arched; ¢/. falciform,
about half as long as #s.2 ; aux. cl. well developed, about half as long as
cl, Convex proximal half of the inner (ventral) border of ¢s.2 (the
‘heel’) armed with 5 or 6 strong, somewhat distally curved spines;
concave distal half (the ‘sole’) beset with a close row of very small
spines; the dorsal border of the same joint bears a series of compara-
tively long slender bristles. First tarsal joint armed with 1 or 2 strong
and a number of short bristles. Tibial joints with a few scattered
short bristles, especially on the dorsal margin; a longer one near the
distal end of each joint, while the femoral has 2 or 3 in a similar
position. Aside from these the legs are almost smooth, though in some
cases there are scattered hairs, especially on the basal joints. Along
the mid-dorsal line of ¢.1, and sometimes extending on to the basal part
of ¢.2, is a chitinous ridge (‘ Chitinleiste,’ Bohm, ’794, p. 188).
Integument moderately thick, with numerous cavities; mostly smooth,
but with scattered microscopic bristles.
Length of 9: body 3 mm., proboscis 1.3 mm., caudal segment 0.4
mm., extent 20mm. Male slightly smaller and more slender.
This species has been found in three localities on the California coast,
as shown in the accompanying table. Its range is undoubtedly more
extensive than this, and it is not unlikely that it will be found in north-
ern California and south to San Diego.
262 COLE
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot.} Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
eee eee | ee _ |
Io San Pedro Pt.,
San Mateo Co., Calif. es Sept. 2, 1895 Univ. of Calif.
18 | Pacific Grove,
Monterey Co., Calif. 1Q Dec. 29, 1898 nite oe
20 Dillon’s Beach,
Sonoma Co., Calif. OS) Nov. 26, 1898 Une RIOT “Ab
Remarks.—This species in a general way resembles Z. hilgendorft
Bohm, but may readily be distinguished from that species by the differ-
ently shaped proboscis, its length, absolute and relative to the palpi, the
restriction of the chitinous ridges, which in that species extend to the
ends of the legs, and, judging by Bohm’s figures (BOhm, ’79%, pl. 11,
fig. 3d), by the differently shaped and armed second tarsal joint, as well
as by other marked differences.
The structure of the ovigera in the male as compared with those in the
female is worthy of notice, the more complicated bending and the arma-
ture in the former being well adapted to keeping the egg-masses from slip-
ping off. One of the males examined (collected on November 26) had a
single egg-mass on one of this ovigera, while another specimen (collected
September 2) was carrying eight rather bulky globules.
As mentioned above, the females are somewhat stouter than the
males, and in a specimen collected on December 29 large ova were to
be seen in the second and third coxal and femoral joints.
Genus Ammothea Leach (’14).
Achelia HODGE, ’64, p. 114.
Trunk short, stout, segmentation usually suppressed ; lateral processes
closely crowded, making the body appear more or less disciform; first
segment massive, with square frontal part. Caudal segment not sepa-
rated from last trunk segment by a suture, narrow cylindric, usually
horizontal. Eye tubercle near to the front of the first segment,
strongly protuberant, with distinct eyes. Proboscis directed obliquely
downward, constricted at the base, fusiform, often with an annular con-
striction near the distal end. Chelifori in fully developed specimens
very small, 2-jointed, second joint globose. The chelifori are chelate
in immature specimens. Palpi 8-jointed; 7.1 and 7.3 short; 7.2 and 7.4
1 The numbers in this column are those given to each lot of specimens of the same
species and from the same locality; the original numbers of the collectors, when there
were such, are given in the column with the source.
PYCNOGONIDS 263
longer. Ovigera relatively short, larger in the male than in the female;
without terminal claw, but with a few denticulate spines (rarely absent,
of. A. dohrni Thomson, ’84, p. 244). Legs usually rather short, and robust
in the female; frequently spinous, usually more so in the male, especially
on the basal joints; femoral joint very broad in female, the outer corner
more or less projecting in both sexes; second tarsal joint strongly devel-
oped, more or less curved, and with a few strong and several weaker
spines on the inner margin; terminal claw strong; auxiliary claws usually
well developed. Genital openings of female on second coxal joint of
all 4 pairs of legs; those of the male at the apex of prominent projections
on the corresponding joints of the third and fourth pairs of legs only.
eemarks.—The genus Ammothea was first established by Leach to
include certain forms having chelate chelifori; later Hodge gave the
name Achelia to some very similar Pycnogonids, which had, however,
rudimentary 2-jointed chelifori; but Dohrn (’81, p. 134) and others
since have shown conclusively that Achelia represents merely the fully
developed individuals of Ammothea. Dohrn believes that the following
genera—Phanodemus Costa, Pephredo Goodsir, Pasithoé' Goodsir, Endeis
Philippi, Paribea Philippi, Platychelus Costa, and Alcinous Costa—should
also be considered as synonyms of this genus.
It is possible that 4. dongicaudata Stimpson is identical with one of the
species described here, and if so it is probably with A. Jatifrons. (See
‘Remarks’ under that species, p. 266.)
I have been unable to examine the description of 4. dorealis given by
Schimkewitsch (’95) in a paper on the Pycnogonida of the White Sea,
in order to compare with it the forms collected in Alaska, so that there
remains a possibility that one of these may be the same as that described
by him.? Sg
AMMOTHEA LATIFRONS pp. nov.
Plate x1, fig. 3; plate xvi, figs. 1-9; plate xvut, figs. 1-3.
Dype.— 6 and @, University of California, No. 19,503, St. Paul Island,
Bering Sea.
Trunk broad, especially anteriorly, each outer corner having an erect
conical protuberance armed with a few spines, short, tapering posteriorly
in a V-shape, smooth; sutures indistinct anteriorly, obsolete posteriorly ;
lateral processes very closely crowded, nearly twice as broad distally,
1Sars (’91, p. 137) considers Pasithoé as probably distinct, and uses it as the type of
a family, the Pasithoide, including with it one other genus, Colossendeis.
2 Subsequent comparison with Schimkewitsch’s description shows that 4. dorealis is
distinct from the species described in this paper.
264 COLE
where there are on the dorsal border three nodular processes, each .1.med
with one or more spines.
Caudal segment very long and narrow (as long as proboscis), reaching
a little beyond the middle of the second coxal joint of the posterior pair of
legs; not marked off from trunk by a suture; directed somewhat down-
ward; dorsal outline irregular and armed with a number of stout spines.
Eye tubercle on the extreme anterior edge of the first trunk segment,
moderately high, cylindrical; apex obtusely conical; eyes rather large,
near the apex.
Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly
elliptical, truncated at the extremity; dorsal border more convex than
ventral as seen from side; without circular constriction, but with distinct
longitudinal ribs.
Chelifori considerably over half the length of the proboscis, stout; first
joint reaching at least to middle of proboscis; tuberculated on the dorsal
side, the tubercles armed with spines; second joint small, spherical, with
1 or 2 spines. The chelifori are not parallel, being bowed outward in
the middle.
Palpi 8-jointed, overreaching the proboscis by nearly a third of its
length; 7.2 and 7.4 long, others short; 7.2 somewhat longer than 7.4,
proximal joints sparsely armed with a few rather long bristles; outer side
of distal joints densely crowded with somewhat shorter ones.
Ovigera considerably different in the two sexes. Oviger-of female
about as long as palp; 7.1 short and broad; 7.2 issuing somewhat from
the side of 7.1 ; 77.2 and 3 about equal, longer than 7.1; 77.4 and 5 about
equal, longest; 77.6 to 10 successively smaller; 7.10 very small, rounded ;
J/-7, 8, 9, 10 each armed with two denticulate spines; 77.5 and 6 with a
few small bristles. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female;
j-t squarish; 7.2 longer than 7.1; both 77.1 and 2 broader than the suc-
ceeding joints; 7.3 longer than 7.2; 7.4 and7.5 about equal, longer than
7-3; J/-6 to 10 successively smaller, except 7.9, which is longer than 7.8;
j.1o small and furnished with 2 denticulate spines, while 7.9 has at
least 1; no denticulate spines could be discerned on the preceding
joints. Joints 4 to 7 are armed with short, backwardly projecting spines
in rows, while the succeeding joints have only 2 or 3 simple bristles
each. ‘Terminal part of the oviger strongly incurved.
External egg-masses rather small, globular. So far as observed, but
one mass on each oviger.
Legs relatively short, rather less than twice the length of the body;
¢.2 not much longer than ¢.1 and ¢.3; ¢.1 with 3 tubercles on its dor-
sodistal edge, each armed with spines; f rather shorter than coxal region,
PYCNOGONIDS 265
especially broad in the female, where it may equal the width of the pro-
boscis; at the dorsodistal border is a long conical protuberance armed
with a strong spine which usually projects distally; “41 and #2 equal,
stout; all these joints armed more or less densely with moderate spines,
which are longer, however, on the dorsal side of 41 and “4.2. First tarsal
joint small, subtriangular, with short, even spines; ¢s.2 moderately
strong, arcuate, armed dorsally and on the sides with rows of slender
spines, and ventrally with 3 strong spines at the heel and a row of
very short ones along the sole; c/. about one half #s.2.; aux. cl. well
developed, half as long as c7, In the male the genital projection on the
ventrodistal side of ¢.2 of the 2 posterior pairs of legs is pronounced
and thumb-like, and provided with 1 or 2 slender bristles. As is charac-
teristic of the genus, the genital openings of the female are in a corre-
sponding position on all 4 pairs of legs, but are not situated on similar
protuberances.
Length about 4 mm., extent 16 mm.; the two sexes nearly the same
size.
Immature specimens.—Four immature specimens of this species were
examined, two from each locality where the form was taken. They are
but little smaller than the adults, which they closely resemble, but are
provided with chelate chelifori (pl. xvm, fig. 1), and the ovigera are very
short, with indistinct articulations (fig. 2). It is interesting to note that
the denticulate spines are already forming in this early stage, in a space
beneath the outer cuticle (fig. 3), and at the next moult would probably
be free. If any of these specimens were males there was no trace at this
stage of the genital protuberances; in fact, the genital openings were not
distinguishable at all.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
———. 1 |St. Paul Island, | 2, 39, 2juv.| 1897 | Prof. Kincaid (123)
Pribilofs
4 Dutch Harbor, | 17, 39, 2 juv.|July, 1899] H. A. E. (Prof. W. R. Coe)
Unalaska
Remarks.—Whereas Ammothea alaskensis may be taken as the repre-
sentative of 4. /evis (Hodge) in the Western Hemisphere, 4. Zatifrons
more closely approaches those forms grouped about the European species
A. echinata (Hodge). It may readily be distinguished from any described
species, however, by its very broadly elliptical proboscis and the long,
knobby chelifori and caudal segment. This species is about twice the
size of A. echinata.
266 COLE
The description of Ammothea longicaudata Stimpson (64, p. 159) will
apply in most respects to A. /atifrons, but the description is so generic
that it would apply almost equally well to a number of other species.
Furthermore, Stimpson’s single example was evidently an immature speci-
men, and if, as he says, the palpi were g-jointed,! it is not unlikely that it
belongs properly in the genus Ammothella. On the whole it seems best
to regard it as a distinct species until further material from the region of
Puget Sound shall enable us to settle the question.
All the specimens of A. /atifrons had a quantity of foreign material
entangled in the spines; those in the lot from Dutch Harbor especially
were covered with this débris, containing, among other things, small
brownish stalked bodies (similar ones are not infrequent on Pycnogonida)
and groups of small cases appearing much like egg-cases of some ani-
mals, possibly the same as those referred to by Hoek (’814, p. 143).
pe a
AMMOTHEA ALASKENSIS sp. nov.
Plate xu, fig. 4; plate xvii, figs. 4-12.
Type.— 2 and ¢, University of California, No. 19,505, Orca, Alaska.
Trunk short, stout, smooth; sutures very indistinct; first segment square
in front, affording a broad attachment for the chelifori and palpi; lateral
processes about equal to width of body, larger distally, and closely
approximated, so that the body appears nearly circular in outline; a small
protuberance with a short spine on the dorsal side of each process near
the distal end.
Caudal segment long, narrow, somewhat smaller proximally, reaching
to about the middle of the first coxal joint of the posterior pair of legs;
with 3 or 4 small spines near the apex and a large bristle on the
dorsal side.
Eye tubercle low, conical; the posterior side more slanting and with
more of a ‘hip.’ Eyes large, at about the middle of the tubercle; no
noticeable difference in size.
Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, distinctly
fusiform in dorsoventral view, strongly convex on dorsal side and more
nearly straight on ventral when viewed laterally; with a more or less
irregular annular constriction about a fourth of its length from the apex.
Chelifori considerably less than half the length of the proboscis; first
joint with a considerable triangular projection distally on the dorsal side,
terminating in a small bristle; second joint small, globular, arising some-
1‘ Chelate ‘ antennz’ much shorter than the proboscis; their slender lower branch,
however, is much longer, nine jointed,not tapering, and with blunt extremity” (oc. cét.).
PYCNOGONIDS 267
what from the inner side of the first. Both joints unarmed, except as
noted above.
Palpi 8-jointed, longer than proboscis: 7.1 short and broad, and apt
not to be seen when the animal is viewed from above; 7.2 much longer
and more slender, enlarging somewhat distally ; 7.3 short and small; 7.4
about equal to 7.2; 77.5 to 8 small, rounded, rather densely armed on
the ventral side with strong bristles; the preceding joints with only 2 or
3 bristles.
Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: 7.1 short, broad, longer on
inner side; 7.2 longer, arising well down on the outer side of 7.1, triangu-
lar, broad at the distal end; 7.3 equals 7.1; 7.4 somewhat longer, about
equals 7.2; 7.5 equals 7.4, broader; 77. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are usually turned
back on the basal joints so that the appendage forms a simple hook; the
diameter gradually decreases from 7.5 to 7.10; 77.6, 7, 8 rounded; 7.9
longer; 7.10 very small and not always very distinctly marked off. The
tenth joint is armed with 2 feather-like denticulate spines; there are
apparently! 2 also on each/.g and 7.8, while there is at least 1 on 7.7.
Joint 9 has a strong, straight, backwardly pointing spine on the dorsal
side; on the other distal joints there are a few short, simple spines;
the proximal part is unarmed. Oviger of male about twice the size of
that of the female; the general form of the joints much the same, except
that they are much longer in proportion to the width; arrangement of
denticulate spines about as in female; corresponding long spine on back
of 7.9; but 77.4 to 8 have quite a number of long slender bristles, which
are especially abundant on the outer side of 7.6. There is also a row of
some 8 or g short, stout, recurved spines on the side of 7.5, while the
proximal joints of the oviger have more of a tendency to be hairy than
in the female. Terminal part of oviger strongly incurved.
Ova were observed in the femoral joint of the female, but no external
egg-masses were found.
Legs comparatively rather stout, appearing especially so in the female,
where the femoral joint is very broad. First coxal joint short, with a
long, slender dorsal protuberance; ¢.2 only a little longer than ¢.1; ¢.3
equals ¢.1; f, 4.1, and 4.2 each about equal in length to coxal region; /
has at its dorsodistal corner a conical protuberance with a short spine;
és.1 small, triangular; ¢s.2 strongly developed, somewhat arched; heel
not prominent, but there are 3 or 4 strong spines at this place; sole
with a series of smaller spines, while there is a row of more slender
1The margins of these spines are so delicate and thin that when they chance to lie
over or under the appendage on the slide it is exceedingly difficult to distinguish them
from ordinary simple spines.
—
268 COLE
bristles along the dorsal curve; c/. strong, fully half as long as #.2, but
slightly curved; aux. cl. well developed, half as long as cZ, Legs of
female nearly smooth, a few small bristles, especially on the dorsal
side of f, 41, and 42; male considerably more spiny, especially on coxal
joints.
Length of male about 3 mm., extent about 13 mm.; female slightly
smaller.
As shown in the following table, the localities at which this species was
taken were two—Orca, in Prince William Sound, and Popof Island, in
the Shumagin group. Those at Orca were found on Zhwuiaria turgida
Clark.!
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
6 Popof Id., Alaska ie July, 1899 H. A. E. (Prof. Kincaid)
(113)
7 Popof Id., Alaska 192 July 8, 1899 | H. A. E. (Prof. W. E.
Ritter)
25 | Orca, Alaska Ig’, 19 June, 1899 H. A. E.
_
Remarks.—This species resembles Ammothea levis (Hodge) as de-
scribed by Sars (’91, p. 124, pl. xu, fig. 2, a-m), especially in lacking
the very spiny character of many of the species of the genus. It appears,
however, to be distinct from 4. /evis. Among other differences may be
noted the following: 4. alaskensis has but one protuberance on the
lateral processes, in place of two; the eye tubercle is much smaller,
with the eyes of the same size; the proboscis is considerably larger in
proportion and of a different shape; the chelifori are not half as long as
the proboscis, and the basal joint has a prominent dorsal process; the
second joint of the palpi is not shorter than the fourth; the auxiliary
claws are much better developed. A. alaskensis is also about twice the
size of A. Jevis.
No immature specimens of A. a/askensis were found.
Rather thickly scattered over the surface of one of the specimens
from Orca, and especially on the palpi, was observed a peculiar elliptical
diatom, and it was of interest that the same form was found on one of
the specimens from Popof Island, some six or seven hundred miles to the
westward. Two or three other species of diatoms were also clinging to
the latter. The first-mentioned diatom has also been observed on other
species of Pycnogonida.
. am indebted to Professor C. C, Nutting for the identification of this Hydroid.
PYCNOGONIDS 269
Ach Vie
GRACILIPES sp. nov. US, VY
Plate xu, fig. 5; plate xvi, figs. 1-6.
Type.— 4 and 2, University of California, No. 19,5306, Lands End,
San Francisco County, California.
Trunk rather broad, tapering rather abruptly behind the third lateral
processes, smooth, broader anteriorly, where the lateral corners are pro-
duced into rounded, unarmed tubercles; sutures indistinct; lateral
processes close together, about as long as breadth of trunk, even with
second pair, abruptly narrowed in proximal half, and with a small dorsal
tubercle at the distal end.
Caudal segment moderately long, reaching at least to the end of the
first coxal joint of the fourth legs, curved upward, and usually some-
what bifid as seen in lateral view; smooth.
Eye tubercle short, bluntly conical, and but slightly hipped. Eyes
rather large; at base.
Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment; rather
narrow as seen from above and broadest at about the middle; from the
side, broadest beyond the middle and more nearly straight on ventral side.
Chelifori somewhat less than half the length of the proboscis; scape
short and thick, produced into a small dorsal tubercle at the distal end;
second joint about half as long as scape, oval.
Palpi 8-jointed, but little longer than the proboscis; 77.1 and 3 short;
jj.z and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8 short, rounded, bulging somewhat
ventrally, where each is armed rather densely with short bristles; first
four joints nearly unarmed.
Ovigera of female about as long as palpi; 7.1 short, square; 7.2 longer ;
j-3 equal to 7.1; 7.4 as long as 7.2, broader distally; 7.5 longest ; 7.6
smaller than 7.7; 77.8 and g successively smaller; 7.10 very minute; 77.7,
8, 9, 10 each provided with a pair of denticulate spines; aside from this
the appendage is practically unarmed. Ovigera of male about one and
three fourth times as long as that of female; 7.1 short and thick; 7.2
twice as long but of the same diameter; 7.3 still longer, narrower; 7.4
slightly shorter than 7.3 ; 77. 5 and 6 about equal, each about as long as 7.1 ;
j-7 projecting somewhat at its outer distal corner; 7.8 small; 7.9 slightly
longer; 7.10 minute. The only denticulate spines distinguished were two
on 7.10. The third joint and those comprising the terminal part of the
oviger have a few scattered bristles along the side of greater curvature,
while 7.7 has a clump of 4 or 5 at its distal end.
Eggs relatively large (about 0.13 mm. in diameter), in small balls with
Ae eee Had f AL, IGS
270 COLE
6 or 8 eggs in a ball; the male may have from 1o to 15 of these masses
on each oviger.
Legs about twice as long as body, rather slender, especially in the
male; ¢.1 with an especially long finger-like projection on its dorsal side,
nearly as long as the joint itself; ¢.2 about half again as long as ¢.1; ¢.3
equals ¢c.1; f. broader in the female, with the conical projection and spine
characteristic of the genus at its distal end; 4.1 and 4.2 each about equal
to 7, outer border uneven and armed with scattering short spines; ¢s.1
nearly unarmed; ¢s.2 large and stout, nearly as long as #.2, well arched,
with a few small spines on the dorsal side; heel with 3 rather strong, dis-
tally curved spines; a row of short, slender spines along the sole beyond
it; cZ. stout and but little curved, half as long as ¢s.2; aux. cl. well devel-
oped, half as long as c/, Except as mentioned, the leg is almost free of
armature; there are a few short spines on ¢.2 and ¢.3.
Length 1.5 mm. to 2 mm.; extent about 8 mm.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
ee g | Lands End, San PE BS) Feb. 8, 1899 Univ. of Calif.
Francisco Co., Calif.
12 | Oakland Creek, Calif. | 24, 20 juv. March, 1899 Univ. of Calif.
Remarks.—The present species of Ammothea was much the smallest
representative of the genus in the collections. In size it compares with
A. echinata of Europe. This species is described from the 3 speci-
mens from Lands End (Lot g); the specimens from Oakland Creek
(Lot 12) differ slightly from these, but with the material at hand it did
not seem advisable to separate them as a subspecies. The process on
the first coxal joint is not so long, while the chelifori and caudal seg-
ments are apparently a little longer in proportion. With Lot 12 there
are 20 immature specimens in various stages of development, and all
with chelate chelifori.
There were two species of Hydroids in the bottle with Lot 12, among
which the Pycnogonids were probably collected. These were identified
by Professor Nutting, one as Odelia dichotoma, the other as Odelia gela-
tinosa or a Closely epg species.
Ache tea
PRIBILOFENSIS sp. nov. 4:
Plate x11, fig. 6; plate xviu, figs. 7 and 8; plate xrx, figs. 1-8.
Lype.— $ and ¢, University of California, No. 19,507, St. Paul Island,
Bering Sea.
Trunk broad, not markedly tapering posteriorly, unarmed; antero-
PYCNOGONIDS 270
lateral corners produced, rounded, smooth; sutures indistinct; lateral
processes crowded, about as long as breadth of trunk in median part,
much broader distally, where they have on the dorsal border two small
tubercles which bear a few short bristles. On the first lateral process
one of these tubercles is usually much reduced (pl. xrx, fig. 2).
Caudal segment moderately long, reaching to the posterior border of
the first coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs, narrow, curved slightly
upward, and continued more or less into an upward projection at the tip;
possessing a few minute bristles.
Eye tubercle slightly back from the anterior margin of the first trunk
segment, moderately high, sharply pointed, nearly straight on the ante-
rior border, sloping and with a slight hip posteriorly. Eyes dark; at
the base of the tubercle.
Proboscis large, equal in length to femoral joint of leg, broadly cla-
vate, truncate at the apex, usually bent far over so as to be directed
downward ; roughly triangular in section, thus appearing from the side
much more convex on the dorsal border. Without circular constriction.
Chelifori barely one third as long as proboscis; scape short and com-
paratively thick, produced dorsally at the distal end into a considerable
projection; second joint nearly half as long as first, elliptical. The
cheliforus is unarmed except for a few very short bristles at the end of
the scape.
Palpi 8-jointed; when fully extended distal 4 joints reaching beyond
the proboscis; 77.1 and 3 short; 77.2 and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8
short, the first three of these triangular, being much broader at the distal
end, the next distal joint in each case articulating at the dorsal side, thus
leaving a rounded projection below, which is bristly with short spines;
7-8 elliptical, similarly armed. Joints 2 and 3 have a few rather stout
bristles at their distal ends, and a row of similar bristles extends along
the dorsal side of 7.4.
Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: 7.1 short and broad; 7.3
short; 77.2, 4, and 5 longer and broader than 7.3; 77. 6 to 10 gradually
diminishing in size; 77.7 to 10, at least, with two denticulate spines
each; appendage otherwise unarmed except for a few scattered minute
spines. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female; 7.1 short,
broad; 7.2 two or three times as long, also broad; 77.3 and 4 somewhat
longer than 7.2, but more slender; 7.5 nearly as long as 7.4, broader
again; 7.6 shorter, about as broad as 7.5; 77.7 to 10 decrease gradually
in size and diameter, except that 7.9 is longer than 7.8. Denticulate
spines, two in number, were observed only on 7.10, The terminal part
of the oviger is turned sharply inward and curved back upon itself.
Pe reer ene” dy Had peth, 1992
272 COLE
Joints 3 to 8 are provided, mostly on the outer curve, with rather long,
closely set bristles, which tend to turn backward for the most part, ex-
cept on 7.3.
Eggs carried by the male in numerous small pear-shaped masses,
which are attached to the ovigera by short thread-like stalks. One male
may carry between 30 and 4o of these masses, in each of which there
are relatively few eggs.
Legs about twice as long as body: ¢.1 short, square, provided on the
dorsodistal border with a strong median protuberance which has on each
side of it a smaller projection bearing a few short bristles and forming the
outer corners of the joint (pl. x1x, fig. 2); ¢.2 nearly twice as long as¢.1,
bearing in the male on the third and fourth legs, in the usual position, a
long thumb-like genital projection, about half as long as the joint from
which it arises, considerably broader distally than proximally, and rather
thickly beset with long slender bristles; ¢.3 shorter again. Femoral joint
about equal to coxal region, of the usual shape, much broader in the female
and with a rounded protuberance distally on the dorsal edge; 41 and 42
about equal to each other and to f in length, but of smaller diameter
than the last; ¢s.1 small, triangular, rounded below; 4s.2 stout, over half
as long as 4.2, rather strongly arcuate; heel hardly differentiated, but
there are 3 rather strong, distally curved spines at this point; sole
armed with comparatively long, thickly set bristles which extend back
on to the heel (fig. 5). Claw about half as long as ¢s.2, but slightly
curved; aux. c/. well developed, half aslong asc. All the joints beyond
¢.1 beset with more or less scattered short bristles; these are consider-
ably longer and thickly crowded on the ventral side of ¢3 and the
proximal end of f.
Length 6 mm. to 7 mm., extent fully 30 mm.; the two sexes about
the same size.
Color in alcohol yellow to dark brown. Integument thick; cuticular
cavities large and numerous.
Immature specimen.—There was with Lot 2 one immature specimen,
about two thirds the size of the adult animals, and with chelate chelifori;
the chelz rather stout and strongly forcipate (fig. 3). The ovigera were
small and undeveloped.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
@— 2] St. Paul Island, | 24,392, 1juv. |Aug.10, 1897| Prof. Kincaid
Pribilofs (121)
23} St. Paul Island, If 1897 Prof. Kincaid
Pribilofs (123)
PYCNOGONIDS be
Remarks,—As shown in the table above, this remarkably large repre-
sentative of the genus Ammothea has been found only at St. Paul Island,
presumably in shallow water. Besides by its large size, it may be dis-
tinguished by its relatively very large and peculiarly shaped proboscis, the
nearest approach to which would seem to be found in this genus in 4.
magniceps Thomson (’84, p. 244, pl. xv, figs. 1-5, and pl. xvi, fig. 3).
Genus Ammothella (Verrill).
Ammothea (in part).
Ammothella (subgenus) VERRILL, :00, p. 581.
Similar in most respects to Ammothea, from which it differs principally
in the fact that the trunk is usually proportionately broader and dis-
tinctly segmented, the chelifori 3-jointed,! and the palpi 9-jointed (some-
times 10-jointed?), while the femoral joint lacks the projection at its distal
and always present in Ammothea proper.
Remarks.—Dohrn (’81) described three species of Pycnogonida from
the vicinity of Naples which present the characters outlined above, but
he included them all in the genus Ammothea. Recently Verrill (00, p.
581) has reported a species from the Bermudas which is very insufficiently
described, but which agrees with the forms reported by Dohrn except
that, according to Verrill, the Bermuda specimen has 1o-jointed palpi.
Verrill named his specimen “* Ammothea (?) rugulosa,” and, evidently be-
cause it differed from typical Ammothea in the number of joints in the
palpi, made a new subgenus for it which he called Ammothella. From a
study of the specimens described in this paper I believe that they, to-
gether with Verrill’s species and the three species 4. afpendiculata, A.
uni-unguiculata and A. bi-unguiculata of Dohrn may properly be put into
a genus distinct from the restricted Ammothea, and to this I give the
name Ammothella proposed as a subgeneric name by Verrill.
AMMOTHELLA TUBERCULATA pp. nov.
Plate x11, fig. 7; plate xx, figs. 1-6.
Type.— Q, University of California, No. 19,508, Northern California.
Trunk broad, elliptical, segmentation clearly marked; anterior corners
produced into short rounded tubercles; the first, second, and third seg-
ments each with a conical tubercle dorsally near its posterior border (this
was lacking on the third segment in one of the specimens, Lot 22), anterior
of these tallest, decreasing in height posteriorly; lateral processes short,
only half as long as breadth of trunk, closely crowded, somewhat broader
1Dohrn (’81, p. 154) considers the chelifori 2-jointed and explains the 3-jointed
appearance by saying: ‘‘ Sie ist auf weit ausgezogenen Basalstiicken eingelenkt.”
274 COLE
distally, where the dorsal corners are continued into 2 short, knob-like
processes.
Caudal segment moderately long, curved slightly upward, reaching
slightly past the middle of the second coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs ;
narrow, swollen distally, slightly bifid at the apex as seen from above;
armed with a few short bristles and a longer one on the dorsal side.
Eye tubercle moderate, taller than the dorsal tubercles, bluntly rounded.
Eyes of good size; near the apex.
Proboscis equals trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly ovate, some-
what narrower in side view.
Chelifori over half as long as proboscis; second joint about equal to
first, clavate, with a number of short bristles at its distal end; third joint
short, less than half as long as second, subchelate, the somewhat triangular
pieces representing the fingers of the chela probably being the rudiments
of those organs in the larva. The third joint has one short spine.
Palpi g-jointed; when ‘fully extended but little longer than the pro-
boscis, about 3 joints reaching beyond its tip; 77.1 and 3 short; 77.2
and 4 longer; 7.2 somewhat longer than 7.4; 77.5 to 9 short and decreas-
ing gradually in size, subtriangular, being bulged ventrally toward their
distal ends, and here armed with numerous short bristles. The fourth
joint has scattered similar bristles; the remaining (basal) joints practically
unarmed. ;
Ovigera of the female equal to the palpi in length; 7.1 short; 7.2 longer;
J-3 shorter again; 77.4 and 5 longest, each about equal to 7.1+/7.2; 77.6,
7, and 8 successively smaller; 7.9 larger again, about equal to 7.7; 7.10
very small, and armed with 2 denticulate spines, as is also the case with
j-9 and7.8. Aside from this the appendage is almost unarmed, except
for 3 or 4 short curved spines on 7.6.
Legs stout, somewhat less than twice as long as body; c.1 short,
square, with a short rounded protuberance dorsally; ¢c.2 longer, consid-
erably narrower at proximal end, where it joins c.1, somewhat bulged dis-
tally below; ¢.3 equals ¢.1 ; f£ comparatively short and broad, without the
thumb-like protuberance at the distal end usual in Ammothea, but with
several bristles at this point and scattered along its dorsal border; shorter
than coxal region; #1 and ¢.2 each about equal to f, both with more or
less wavy dorsal borders, where they have a row of bristles of irregular
size; 75.1 not unusual, armed with a few small bristles, especially ven-
trally; ¢s.2 equals about four fifths of #2, rather stout, but slightly arcu-
ate; with a row of small bristles dorsally, 3 stout spines on the heel, and
a row of short slender spines along the sole. Claw half as long as 45.2,
rather strongly curved; aux. c/. about half as long as c/.
ee
PYCNOGONIDS 275
Length of female 1.8 mm., extent about 9.5 mm.
Color in alcohol light yellowish. General appearance clean and
smooth,
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
EE EE ede a Le
Lot. ‘Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
22 |‘‘ Northern California ”’ 12 1893 Dr. S. J. Holmes
27 | Dillon’s Beach, Sono-
mayo: Calif. 19 Noy. 26, 1898 | Univ. of Calif.
Remarks.—Both of the specimens at hand were females; in one ova
could be distinguished in the second and third coxal and femoral joints of
the legs, while in the other the character of the ovigera and the fact that
genital openings could be plainly distinguished in the usual place on all
four pairs of legs left no doubt of its sex.
AMMOTHELLA SPINIFERA sp. nov.
Plate xu, fig. 8; plate xx, figs. 7-9; plate xx1, figs. 1-6.
Dype.— 2, University of California, No. 19,509, San Diego, California.
Trunk broad, not especially tapering, the outer anterior corners with-
out prominent protuberances; segmentation distinct; 1 or 2 short spines
at the base of the eye tubercle, and a longer one on each side of the
mid-dorsal line on the posterior border of the first and second segments.
Lateral processes well separated, comparatively short, about half as long
as breadth of body at second segment, somewhat swollen distally, with
a short spine dorsodistally and usually one to each side on the distal
border.
Caudal segment long, slender, about equal to first 2 trunk segments,
projecting upward at an angle of about 45°, slightly arched; armed with
several slender spines, those on the dorsal border especially long.
Eye tubercle narrow, high, erect; about two thirds as long as caudal
segment, with a sharp angle or hip on each side as seen in antero-poste-
rior profile; eyes large, dark, situated at the tip of the tubercle.
Proboscis about as long as trunk, rather broadly fusiform, as broad as
trunk between the first and second lateral processes.
Chelifori long, reaching to within a short distance of the tip of the
proboscis; first joint nearly as long as second; second joint clavate;
both this and the first armed with a few short spines. Terminal joint
small, rounded, bituberculate, showing evidence of its former chelate
condition; armed with 1 or 2 short spines.
Palpi g-jointed, fully half again as long as proboscis: 77.1 and 3 short;
276 COLE
jj.2 and 4 longer, 7.4 being longer than 7.2; 7.5 longer than 7.3, about
half as long as 7.2; 7.6 longer than 7.5, fully half as long as 7.4; 7.7 small,
shorter than 7.5; 7.8 slightly longer than 7.7 ; 7.9 longer than 7.8; 77.5, 6,
7, 8 somewhat clavate, the succeeding joint being in each case articu-
lated at the dorsal side of the broad distal end of the joint preceding it.
The palp is armed with short, rather stout spines, especially along the
ventral side of the distal 5 joints.
Oviger of female measures somewhat less than fully extended palp: 7.1
short; 7.2 considerably longer; 7.3 slightly longer than 7.1; 7.4 longest,
about twice as long as 7.3; 7.5 shorter again; 7.6 still shorter; 7.7 longer
than 7.6 but shorter than 7.5; 7.8 about equal to 7.6; 7.9 about equal to
J-7j 7-10 very small, rounded. Joint ro has two rather large denticulate
spines, 7.9 at least one, and 7.8 two smaller ones; besides this the terminal
joints of the oviger may bear 1 or 2 short simple spines, while the re-
mainder of the appendage is unarmed.
Legs about twice as long as body; c¢.1 short, armed distally with 1 to
3 or 4 short, stout spines; ¢c.2 about twice as long as ¢.1, considerably
broader distally; ¢.3 about as large as ¢.2; f. about as long as coxal
region, but little broader than ¢.3, and without a projection dorsodistally ;
t.1 equals f; 4.2 somewhat longer; both with a more or less irregular
wavy dorsal margin; ¢s.1 rather long in proportion to its breadth, termi-
nating dorsally in a well-marked ‘lappet’; ¢s.2 somewhat less than half
as long and nearly as broad as ¢.2, of about the same width throughout,
and slightly arcuate; armed dorsally with 5 or 6 long slender spines
and several shorter ones; heel with 3 short stout spines which project
slightly distally ; sole with a comb-like series of much shorter spines; c/.
less than half as long as ¢s.2, the dorsal surface curved about evenly, the
ventral straight proximally and curved near the tip; aux. cd. over half as
long as c/., slender.
Length 1.8 mm., extent about 8 mm.
Specimens of a dark brownish color, due chiefly to adhering dirt; light
brown when this is removed. Integument thin and cuticular cavities
scattered.
Immature specimen nearly as large as adults, more slender; chelifori
chelate (pl. xx1, fig. 4); chele slender, strongly curved, crossing one
another at tip; ovigera short, not fully developed.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date Source.
14 | San Diego, Calif.} 29, 1 juv. July 8, 1895 Dr. S. J. Holmes (236)
PYCNOGONIDS 277
Remarks.—The 3-jointed chelifori, the g-jointed palpi, and the absence
of a marked protuberance on the dorsodistal extremity of the femoral
joint clearly relate this form to 4. ¢uderculata, and to those forms which
I have placed with it in the genus Ammothella, viz., three species from
the Gulf of Naples (see ‘ Remarks,’ p. 273).
The two mature specimens of this lot were both females with ova in
various stages of development in the second and third coxal and femoral
joints of the legs.
The species is well characterized by the long eye tubercle and the
longer, spiny, elevated, and curved caudal segment, the spines on the
dorsal surface of the body, and the long, slender spines of the legs.
Genus Tanystylum Miers (’79).
Trunk broad; lateral processes comparatively short and closely
crowded, making the body disciform; segmentation suppressed. Cheli-
fori usually mere 1-jointed knobs; sometimes 2-jointed; chelate in
immature specimens. Palpi with 6 or 7 joints; first and third joints
short, second and fourth longer. Femoral joint of legs of female con-
siderably swollen. Openings of oviducts in usual position on all four
legs. Openings of the genital ducts of the male not upon genital pro-
tuberances.
Remarks.—The genus Zanysty/um is undoubtedly very closely related
to Ammothea, but differs in several important respects. I was at first
inclined to include C/ofenia with this genus, as Schimkewitsch has done
(Schimkewitsch, ’89), but in view of the highly concentrated body,!
closely approximated eye tubercle and caudal segment, 4-jointed
palpi, and male genital openings in the second as well as the third and
fourth pairs of legs, I think it may well be left, for the present at least,
as a separate genus.
The species which I have here called Zanystylum intermedium differs
from previously described species of the genus in having 2-jointed che-
lifori, and from all but Z: chierchie Schimkewitsch (’89, p. 333) in
having 7-jointed palpi instead of 6-jointed. It is, however, so similar
in other respects that a separation into another genus does not seem
justifiable.
Discoarachne brevipes Hoek (?814, p. 74) is undoubtedly very closely
related to the forms under discussion, and perhaps should be classed as a
species of Zanystylum,
1Dohrn (’81, p. 162) well says: ‘‘ Dieses Thier [Clotenia conirostris] hat die bei
weitem concentrirteste Gestalt aller Pantopoden, die ich kenne.”
278 COLE
TANYSTYLUM INTERMEDIUM pp. nov.
Plate xx1, figs. 7-9; plate xx1I, figs. 1-7; plate xxu1I, figs. 1-3.
Type.— Sand ¢, University of California, No. 19,510, San Diego,
California.
Trunk broad, segmentation not evident; the anterior border with the
outer corners each produced into a prominent tubercle which bears a
spine. Lateral processes not so long as width of body, wedge-shaped and
closely crowded, the outline of their outer borders, together with the
anterior border of the trunk, making a complete circle; first, second, and
third pairs with a dorsal tubercle near the distal end, shorter and rounded
in the female, longer, more pointed, and terminated by a short bristle in
the male.
Caudal segment moderate, reaching to about the middle of the second
coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs; rather narrow, about half as broad
as basal joint of leg; diameter somewhat larger distally than proximally
as seen from above; directed obliquely upward at less than 45°; smooth,
apex rounded.
Eye tubercle moderate, rather thick, blunt; situated at the extreme
anterior end of the first trunk segment and directed forward at about
the same angle that the caudal segment projects backward. Eyes rather
large, dark; posterior pair apparently the larger.
Proboscis pyriform, being widest a third of its length from the base
and tapering to a more or less truncated tip; usually directed somewhat
downward; about as long as trunk from its anterior border to the distal
end of the fourth pair of lateral processes. In side view nearly straight
on ventral side; dorsal side strongly convex.
Chelifori 2-jointed, very short, about one fourth as long as proboscis ;
first joint about twice as long as broad, slightly curved, with a small
tubercle and a short spine near the distal end; second joint very small,
rounded, divided into two parts by a groove, showing the former
presence of chelz. The second joint also bears a short spine.
Palpi 7-jointed, rather stout, slightly overreaching the proboscis (by the
terminal joint). First and third joints short; 7.2 and 7.4 longer, 7.2
longer than 7.4; 77.5, 6, and 7 successively smaller. These 3 joints with
a considerable number of short bristles or hairs; other joints with a few
scattered ones, 7.2 having a somewhat stronger one on its outer distal
corner.
Oviger of female slender, about equal in length to the palp. First 3
joints short and of about the same length; 77.4 and 5 longest; the suc-
PYCNOGONIDS 279
ceeding joints smaller (not successively); 7.10 very small. The tenth
joint is armed with two rather long, curved, denticulate (?) spines; the
I or 2 spines on the preceding joints appear to be simple. Oviger of the
male about half as long again as that of the female; proportionate size of
joints nearly the same, but 77.8, 9, and 10 turn inward (or downward if
the appendage is carried in a horizontal position, as in fig. 7, pl. xx)
upon 7.7, and the preceding joints at nearly a right angle. The joints of
the terminal part of the oviger are armed with a few short, slender, simple
' spines.
Legs about twice as long as body: ¢.1 short, with a spine-bearing
process on each of the distal dorsolateral corners; the male with an
additional similar projection on the mid-dorsal line between these. The
tubercles are also longer and sharper in the male. Second coxal joint a
little longer than ¢c.1, broader distally; ¢.3 shorter again; f equal in
length to coxal region, gradually increasing in breadth distally, where it
ends in a triangular projection terminated by a short, stout spine; f. of
female swollen, broadest in middle; 41 and #2 each about equal to f,
rather slender, armed on the dorsal border with 2 or 3 long, slender
bristles and a few shorter ones; ventral border of 42 with a regular
series of short, slender spines. First tarsal joint about as long as broad,
convex ventrally, where it bears several fine bristles; with a well-marked
‘lappet’ dorsally. Second tarsal joint long and slender, at least five
times as long as broad, nearly straight; dorsal surface with a series of
spines, 2 or 3 of which are especially long and slender (about like those
on 41 and ¢#.2); the others shorter; no distinct heel; the ventral surface
furnished with a more or less regular row of about ro short spines. In addi-
tion to what has been mentioned, the several joints of the leg have scat-
tered short hairs or slender spines. Claw comparatively rather short,
hardly half as long as #2, falciform; aux. cl. slender, half as long as c/.
Length about 1.3 mm., extent slightly over 5 mm. The two sexes of
' about equal size.
Immature specimen.—The one immature specimen examined was about
three fourths the size of the adults and more slender; otherwise it much
resembled the female, especially in the character of its tubercular pro-
jections and spines. It had, however, chelate chelifori, the chele being
large and strong.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED,
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
26 | San Diego, Calif. LO; July 8, 1895 | Dr. S. J. Holmes
29 | San Diego, Calif.|1g', 19,1 juv.| July 8, 1895 | Dr. S. J. Holmes (236)
280 COLE
Remarks.—There is considerable difference between male and female
in these lots with regard to the character and number of spine-bearing pro-
jections, but they are so similar in other respects that I think there can
be very little doubt about their being the same species.
No egg-masses were found upon the ovigera of the male, but ova of
various sizes could be seen in the third coxal and femoral joints of the
legs of the females.
The peculiar structure of the ovigera of the male, the last three joints
being articulated to the seventh at an angle, reminds one of the somewhat
similar condition in the male of Discoarachne (cf. Cole, : 01, Taf. 13, fig.
4), and strongly suggests the close relationship, and probable synonymy,
of these two genera.
The character of the spines on the ovigera could not be well made
out; at a medium magnification they appeared to be simple, but with a
yz oil immersion objective the two on the tenth joint of the female
showed fine lines indicating a denticulate margin. On the ninth joint of
the same leg was a peculiar, flat, double-notched spine, shown in figure
3, plate xx1II.
The single female specimen of Lot 26 was almost completely covered
with small stalked protozoa (Vaginicoline).
Genus Clotenia Dohrn (’81).
Trunk very short and broad, the lateral processes short and closely
crowded, so that the body is concentrated and disciform; trunk seg-
mentation suppressed. Eye tubercle set well back on first trunk segment ;
caudal segment well forward and pointed upward, so that the distance
between it and the eye tubercle is short. Chelifori 1-jointed; palpi 4-
jointed; ovigera present in both sexes, 1o-jointed. Legs rather stout;
openings of the male genital ducts in the usual position on the second,
third, and fourth pairs of legs (Dohrn); without genital protuberances.
Remarks.—The greatly concentrated body, with the consequent near-
ness of the caudal segment to the eye tubercle, which is set well back,
and the 4-jointed palpi, would seem to be sufficient to distinguish
this genus, though it is certainly very closely related to Zanystylum.
Dohrn makes a strong point of the fact that the genital openings of the
male occur on the three posterior pairs of legs. Although there can be
no doubt of the close affinity of the specimen from California to Dohrn’s:
Clotenia conirostris, 1 was unable to confirm this point. The openings
could be seen on the third and fourth pairs of legs, but on the second
pair I was unable to find them.
PYCNOGONIDS 281
CLOTENIA OCCIDENTALIS sp. nov.
Plate x11, fig. 9; plate xxu11, figs. 4-8.
Type.— 8, University of California, No. 19,511, Pacific Grove, Calif.
Trunk unsegmented, smooth, short, and broad, especially in front; an-
terior outer corners rounded, without projecting knobs. Lateral processes
short and very closely crowded, the lines between them radiating toward
a common point slightly anterior to the caudal segment.
Caudal segment well forward, rather short, thick, bluntly conical,
directed obliquely upward, armed on the dorsal surface with 2 or 3 short
stiff spines.
Eye tubercle situated on the middle of the first trunk segment; about
two thirds as high as caudal segment; conical, nearly straight and vertical
anteriorly ; sloping behind; thus giving, with the anteriorly directed face
of the caudal segment and the dorsal part of the trunk segments between
a saddle-shaped outline when seen from the side. The posterior, sloping,
face of the eye tubercle is notched, or ‘hipped,’ just above the eyes, the
portion above being a smaller cone set upon the anterior part of the
larger truncated basalcone. Eyes close together.
Proboscis short and thick, barely twice as long as broad, directed
straight forward, cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the apex.
Chelifori short, knob-like, connected at the base; armed distally with
2 or 3 short spines.
Palpi 4-jointed, not reaching to end of proboscis; nearly straight.
Joints 1, 3, and 4 short; 7.2 long, half as long as the entire appendage,
considerably larger at its proximal end than distally; 7.4 with several
short stout spines distally ; 77.2 and 3 each with 2 or 3 smaller ones.
Oviger of male about three and a half times as long as palp. First joint
short, thick; 7.2 longer and more slender; 7.3 equal in length to 7.1; 77.4
and 5 each about equal to, or slightly longer than, 7.2; 7.6 about as long
as 7.3; 7.7 considerably smaller, coming off somewhat from the side of 7.6 ;
77.8 and g slightly smaller than 7.7; 7.10 a very small rounded knob.
The terminal part of the appendage bears a few scattered weak spines,
besides 2 longer, stouter, divergent ones on 7.10.
Legs comparatively stout, anterior pair somewhat over twice as long
as body (measured from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth pair
of lateral processes); posterior legs noticeably shorter than anterior
pairs. Coxal joints all short and of about equal length; ¢.1 with a more
or less irregular projection distally on its anterior side, which is armed
with a few short spines. Femoral joint stout, somewhat shorter than
282 COLE
coxal region; broader distally, where it is produced dorsally into a blunt
angle armed with 1 to 2 or 3 short spines rather stouter than the others.
Tibial joints both stout and about equal to f in length; dorsally each
has 3 swellings, one at either end and one in the middle, and the short
spines are grouped in small clumps of 3 or 4 on these swellings. First
tarsal joint very short and broad, armed ventrally with 1 stout spine
and 2 or 3 smaller ones; ¢s.2 nearly as long as 7.2, stout, broader
proximally than distally, and moderately arched; armed dorsally with an
irregular series of short bristles; the heel bears 3 stout spines, the sole a
series of small ones. Claw fully half as long as ¢s.2, strong, evenly
tapering, and curved; aux. cl. well developed, about half as long as ¢/.,
rather straight. Besides the armature mentioned, there are short stiff
spines scattered sparsely over all the joints of the leg.
The following measurements are approximate: length (in this case
from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth lateral processes) 1.3 mm. ;
extent 7 mm.; length of palp 0.45 mm.; length of oviger 1.5 mm.
SPECIMEN EXAMINED.
Source.
———————— SS
Univ. of Calif.
No. of specimens.
Lot. Locality.
|
16 | Pacific Grove, Calif.
Dec. 30, 1896
Remarks.—This species was, unfortunately, represented by only a
single specimen, which, however, is distinct from C. conirostris Dohrn, as
may be seen by the blunt, cylindrical proboscis, the shorter, more
rounded caudal segment, the processes on the anterior sides of the first
coxal joints, and other details.
Each of the ovigera carried a small irregular rounded egg-mass con-
taining probably 50 to 60 eggs. The ovigera were thrust through the
masses eccentrically, so that the bulk of the mass lay to one side.
Family PHOXICH/ILIDIIDA.
Chelifori present, chelate; palpi absent; ovigera present in the male
only, 5- or 6-jointed.
Genus Phoxichilidium Milne Edwards (’40, p. 535).
Orithyia JOHNSTON (’37, p. 368).
Trunk slender, cylindrical; lateral processes well separated. Neck
short, i.e., first trunk segment projects but little if at all beyond base of
proboscis; emarginate between bases of chelifori. Proboscis compara-
tively short, cylindrical. Eye tubercle small, subconical. Caudal seg-
PYCNOGONIDS 283
ment simple, pointing upward. Chelifori well developed; chelx strong
and curved. Ovigera 5-jointed, sigmoid; third joint with a constric-
tion at about one third or less of its length; last joint nearly as large
as fourth, armed with a few (one or more) rows of unguiform spines.
Légs slender; ¢s.1 small; ¢s.2 well developed and armed at base with
distally curved spines; ¢/. strong; aux. cl. distinct. Genital openings on
second coxal joints of all the legs.
Remarks.—This genus has been made to include rather diverse forms,
many of which, as stated by Sars, probably belong even to other families.
Wilson (’78#) removed from these into the genus Axoplodactylus those
forms in which the first trunk segment projects considerably beyond the
base of the proboscis, and which have 6-jointed ovigera. I accept the
genus Phoxichilidium as restricted by Sars (’91), “ principally character-
ized by the cephalic segment not projecting anteriorly beyond the base
of the proboscis, the comparatively well-developed chelifori, and the
structure of the false legs in the male,” i.e., 5-jointed, with the last joint
comparatively large. Sarsconcludes that but three species of the genus
can be recognized with certainty, viz., 24. femoratum (Rathke), Ph.
robustum Dohrn, and /%. minor Wilson. He considers the form de-
scribed by Stimpson (’54) from the eastern coast of North America to be
identical with %. femoratum of Europe; but Wilson (’78>), in his
description of Ph. minor, says (p. 14): “ This species is closely similar
to P. maxillare, of which it may be a dwarf variety”; and in a later
paper (’80, p. 481) he adds that since the publication of the first paper
“a much larger series of specimens has been obtained, which shows con-
clusively that the two forms cannot be separated, though extreme forms
appear very unlike.” Thus if 7%. maxillare is a synonym of Ph. femo-
ratum it leaves but two species, 4%. femoratum and Lh. robustum, to be
referred to this genus.
PHOXICHILIDIUM FEMORATUM (Rathke).
Plate x11, fig. 10; plate xxiv, figs. 1-5.
Nymphon femoratum RATHKE, 1799, p. 201.
Orithyta coccinea JOHNSTON, '37, p. 378, pl. XII, figs. 4-6.
Phoxichilidium coccineum MILNE EDWARDS, ’49, p. 536.
Phoxichilidium coccineum GOODSIR, ’44, p. 2, pl. I, figs. 6-8.
? Phoxichilidium globosum GOODSIR, '42, p. 136, pl. ILI, fig. I.
Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, ’45, p. 122.
Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, ’49, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 2, a-g.
? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, ‘77, p. 6, Tab. Xv, figs. 8-10.
? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, ’81>, p. 512, pl. XXVI, figs. 18-21; pl.
XXVII, fig. 19.
Phoxichilidium femoratum HANSEN, ’84, p. 650.
284 COLE
Phoxichilidium femoratum HANSEN, ’85, Tab. VII, fig. 21.
Phoxichilidium femoratum G. O. SARS, 788, No. 4.
Phoxichilidium Jemoratum G. O. SARS, ’91, pp. 21-24, pl. IL, fig. 1, a-g.
Phoxichilidium maxillare STIMPSON, '54, p. 37.
Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, ’78>, pp. 12, 13, pl. IV, figs. 1a—re.
Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, '80, pp. 480, 481, pl. Ill, figs. 12-15.
Phoxichilidium minor WILSON, '78», pp. 13, 14, pl. IV, figs. 2a—2f.
Trunk cylindrical, tapering somewhat posteriorly ; sutures well defined.
Lateral processes about as long as width of trunk, well separated; except
last pair, issuing from the middle of their respective trunk segments.
First trunk segment longer than succeeding ones. ,
Caudal segment comparatively small, oval or oblong, unarmed.
Eye tubercle situated ahead of middle of first trunk segment, small,
obtusely conical, the 4 eyes nearer the base; the posterior pair lower
than the anterior.
Proboscis about the length of the first and second trunk segments
together; cylindrical or somewhat clavate, being larger distally ; obtusely
truncate, with a circular constriction near the distal end. It .arises
somewhat ventrally from the first trunk segment; the ventral border
starts obliquely downward, but soon bends forward at an obtuse angle.
Chelifori comparatively powerful, considerably longer than proboscis.
Scape cylindrical or somewhat claviform; chela movably connected to
it, usually carried somewhat downward, so as to overhang the proboscis ;
oval, smooth. Fingers powerful, about as long as palm; strongly curved,
leaving an open space between, even when closed; the movable finger
the longer and overlapping the other without crossing.
Ovigera strong, about equal in length to the body. First joint short,
about one and a half times as long as broad; 7.2 of smaller diameter,
somewhat less than twice as long as first, and about equal to fourth; 7.3
longest, two and a half times 7.1, curved slightly dorsalward, with a de-
cided constriction at about one fourth of its length from the proximal
end; 7.4 curved ventrally; 7.5 large, nearly as long as 7.4, broad, com-
pressed, arcuate, the appendage as a whole forming a sigmoid curve.
On the basal half of the inner margin of this joint there are 3 closely set
unguiform spines, while at either side occurs a set of feebler ones; other
joints sparingly beset with exceedingly small, simple spiniform bristles.
Legs comparatively robust, two and one half to three times the length
of the animal, smooth, except for microscopically minute spines. First
coxal joint short, nearly square; ¢.2 more than twice as long as ¢.1}; ¢.3
shorter again. Femoral joint longest, swollen in the female; tibial
joints of about equal length, somewhat shorter than f and about as long
as coxal region; both of less diameter than #, and the second smaller
PYCNOGONIDS 285
than the first. First tarsal joint very small, triangular, terminating dor-
sally as a small lappet, and slightly convex ventrally, where it is beset
with a few slender bristles. Second tarsal joint beset with short spiniform
bristles; the ventral (‘inner’) side is somewhat lamellarly expanded at
the base, and is here armed usually with 6 strong, anteriorly curving
spines, the 2 distal ones in most cases being in juxtaposition. Claw
powerful, slightly curved, about half as long as ¢s.2; aux. cl. very small,
though distinctly developed. At the distal end of f are 1 or 2 strong
bristles, and another projects from a slight depression on the dorsal side
of #.2, a short distance from its distal end.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
3 Dutch Harbor, Un- | 1',19 ‘July, 1899 Hs Ay) Ee (Prof:
alaska W. R. Coe)
5 Popof Id., Shumagin | If July, 1899 HH. A. E. (Prof.
Group, Alaska T. Kincaid)
8 Popof Id., Shumagin | 4,7‘, 12 July 8, 1899 EAC Es (rok:
Group, Alaska 1 W. E. Ritter),
Univ. of Calif.,
24 Orca, Prince William No. 19,512
Sound, Alaska Ig June, 1899 HepeAaeE.
Distribution.—Tf all the synonyms given above properly belong to
this species its distribution covers a great range. It has been found
along the coasts of the British Isles, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Green-
land, the eastern coast of North America as far south as Massachusetts,
and the present record extends its range to the western coast of North
America from Orca to Unalaska. It ranges in depth from the shore
rocks to roo fathoms (Sars). Apparently it is a truly circumpolar
species.
Remarks.—The specimens which I have examined from the Alaska
coast agree very closely with the excellent description of this species
given by Sars. They are, however, most of them considerably larger, the
smallest specimen, from Orca, measuring about 3.5 mm., those collected
at Popof Island 4.5 mm. to 5 mm., and those from Dutch Harbor 5.5
mm. from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the caudal segment. Sars
describes the color as “a more or less vivid red,” or “‘sometimes dark-
brownish or a sepia tint.” Most of the Alaska specimens (alcoholic) are
lighter than this, especially those from Dutch Harbor, which are a light
brown or yellowish; the specimens from the Shumagins are a darker
brown, and in 2 or 3 of them the branches of the intestine in the legs
_1“Undershore rocks.”’
286 COLE
show up very plainly as dark brown lines. Wilson says of “Ph. maxillare”
that the color is “‘ blackish or sepia to nearly pure white.”
In the armature of the tarsal joints I find some variation from the
description and figures of Sars. On the first I do not find one spine
noticeably longer than the others, but a regular gradation up to the long-
est. In the majority of cases the second agrees with the description, but
in various specimens the number of spines on the heel varies from 5 to
7, and the distal two are not always opposed to one another. The num-
ber and arrangement may vary on the different legs of the same specimen.
Genus Halosoma! gen. nov.
Trunk rather stout; lateral processes broad, first 3 pairs closely
crowded; fourth pair separated from third by a space. Neck short but
projecting somewhat beyond base of proboscis, which issues ventro-an-
teriorly from the first segment. Chelifori strong, chelate. Ovigera ?
Legs rather stout; second tarsal joint with expanded heel and a thin,
chitinous, knife-like ridge along the sole. Claw well developed; auxil-
iary claws minute.
Remarks.—It was only after considerable hesitation that the present
genus was instituted, as it is based upon a single specimen, and that evi-
dently a female, though no ova could be made out in the ovaries. It
seems, however, especially in the greater concentration, producing a
stouter trunk and closely approximated lateral processes, to be generically
distinct from both Phoxichilidium and Anoplodactylus; in the moderate
development of the ‘neck,’ on the other hand, it is intermediate between
those genera. It is ‘unfortunate that the specimen does not possess
ovigera, as the structure of those organs would help much in showing
the position of this genus and its relation to the other genera. Should
it prove to be an immature specimen which has not yet developed the
ovigera, it is possible that it may be found to be related to the Pallenidz
rather than to the Phoxichilidiidz. In either case the only thing to be
done with it now seemed to be to describe it as a separate genus under
the Phoxichilidiide, treating it as an adult female, until its true position
can be determined by future collections.
HALOSOMA VIRIDINTESTINALIS sp. nov.
Plate xiv, fig. 11; plate xx1v, figs. 6-8; plate xxv, figs. 1-4.
Type.—University of California, No. 19,513, Dillon’s Beach, Sonoma
County, California.
Trunk stout, compressed; sutures deep and well marked; first segment
1From dws, disc, and odua, body.
PYCNOGONIDS 287
about two and one half times as long as second. Lateral processes
about as broad as long, a slight protuberance on the dorsal side distally ;
the first 3 pairs closely crowded; between the third pair and the
fourth, which is directed posteriorly, is a considerable space, about half
as wide as the process. First trunk segment projecting forward beyond
the base of the proboscis a short distance, producing a thick neck, of
moderate length.
Caudal segment rather long, over half as long as first trunk segment
erect, subcylindrical, rounded at apex.
Eye tubercle about in the middle of the anterior half of the first
trunk segment, directed slightly forward, shorter than caudal segment,
conical; eyes at about the middle, large.
Proboscis issuing from the antero-ventral side of the first segment, as
long as first and second trunk segments together, thick (half as long as
broad), cylindrical, obtusely truncate, with a circular constriction near the
distal end; ventral border with a projecting angle at the proximal end.
Chelifori stout, overhanging proboscis; scape reaching to about even
with end of proboscis, slightly clavate; chele hanging downward almost
vertically, with the movable finger on the outside. Palm slightly swollen ;
immovable finger slender, about as long as palm, slightly curved; mova-
ble finger slender, acuminate, arcuate.
Ovigera?
Legs rather stout: ¢.1 short, squarish; c.2 nearly double ¢.1, swollen on
the ventral side, where genital pore is situated on posterior pairs; ¢.3
slightly longer than ¢.1; # about as long as coxal region, stout; 71 some-
what shorter than £; 4.2 equals 41; ¢s.1 very short, irregularly triangular
or squarish, with a few small spines on the ventro-distal corner; 45.2 over
half as long as 42, somewhat arched, with a distinct heel at the base.
Heel armed with 2 strong curved spines and 5 or 6 smaller ones; sole
with a thin lamellar chitinous membrane (pl. xxv, fig. 4), in which are
some 10 or 11 small spines; c¢/. equals about three-fourths of ¢s.2, nearly
straight, inner margin slightly convex at middle; awx. c/. minute. The
femoral and first tibial joints have slender bristles projecting from slight
protuberances on the dorsal side and at their distal ends; #2 has a similar
bristle a short distance from the distal end. Otherwise the legs are
smooth except for a few microscopic hairs, as is the whole body.
Integument thin and transparent, the light green intestine with its
prolongations into the legs showing through very distinctly, making the
animal appear of a greenish color. Intestine considerably dilated in
femoral joint. Cuticular cavities not so numerous as in related genera.
Length but slightly over 1 mm.; first leg about 3.5 mm.; extent 7.5 mm,
288 COLE
SPECIMEN EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
Fe eel
28 Dillon’s Beach, FO (2) Noy. 26, 1898 Univ. of Calif.
Sonoma Co., Calif.
Remarks.—This single specimen was in a vial with Lecythorhynchus
marginatus and Ammothella tuberculata. No data as to depth were
given, but they were probably all taken in shallow water. It has the
general appearance of a Phoxichilidium-like form, but is distinguished by
its short, stout body and crowded lateral processes.
Genus Anoplodactylus Wilson (’784).
Phoxichilidium (in part).
Trunk rather slender, with the first segment constricted anteriorly and
extending forward some distance beyond the base of the proboscis, thus
producing a long narrow neck. Lateral processes comparatively long
and well separated. Proboscis projecting obliquely downward from ven-
tral side of first trunk segment. Eye tubercle at extreme forward
end of the segment. Chelifori comparatively feeble. Ovigera slender,
6-jointed; terminal joint very small. Egg-masses several, globular (A.
petiolatus et erectus), or one or two, loose and more or less irregular in
shape (A. Zentus). Legs long, slender; first tarsal joint very short; ven-
tral margin of second tarsal joint projecting at the base (the heel) and
there armed with strong spines; auxiliary claws minute.)
Remarks.—This genus can readily be distinguished from Phoxichilidium,
which it much resembles in general appearance, by the long, projecting
neck, the feebler chelifori, and the 6-jointed ovigera with the ultimate
joint very much smaller than the penultimate.
Hoek (’98) lists the species which he considers as properly belonging
to this genus. Besides the new species described below, I think the
following should be added to his list: 1
A. gestiens (Ortmann) = Phoxichilidium gestiens Ortmann, ’9I. Japan.
A. plumularia (von Lendenfeld) = Phoxichilidium plumularie von
Lendenfeld, ’83. Port Philip, Australia.
A. tubiferus (Haswell) = Phoxichilidium tubiferum Taswell, 85.
Port Jackson, New South Wales.
1JIn a recent paper Mébius (:02) has referred two new species to the genus Anoplo-
dactylus, viz., A. aculeatus and A. spinosus. The latter differs from the established
genus in having 9-jointed ovigera, but in this connection Mébius says (p. 187):
“‘Tch stelle fiir Anoplodactylus spinosus mit 9-gliedrigen Brutbeinen keinen neuen Gat-
tungsbegriff auf, sondern scheide aus dem WiLson’schen Begriff Anoplodactylus das
Merkmal einer bestimmten Gliederzahl der Brutbeine aus.”
PYCNOGONIDS 289
ANOPLODACTYLUS ERECTUS sp. nov.
Plate xiv, fig. 12; plate xxv1, figs. 1-9.
Lype.— and ¢, University of California, No. 19,514, San Diego, Cal-
ifornia.
Trunk rather slender, cylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; lateral processes
long, well separated, larger distally, where each has a small conical pro-
jection on the dorsal side and pointing somewhat outward. First trunk
segment rather larger than the 2 following segments together; constricted
in its anterior half and produced forward into a long narrow neck.
Caudal segment moderately long (nearly one and a half times second
trunk segment); projecting upward at a sharp angle; approximately
cylindrical, tapering to a point, often bulging somewhat in the middle,
notched at tip; may be armed with 1 to 2 or 3 hairs on each side.
Eye tubercle placed at extreme forward end of first trunk segment
and projecting upward and a little forward; about as long as second
trunk segment, cylindrical. Viewed from the side it rounds evenly to a
blunt point; viewed anteriorly or posteriorly it is seen to have a project-
ing angle on each side at the point of narrowing. Eyes nearer the top
of the tubercle than the base; the anterior pair somewhat larger and a
little lower than the posterior.
Proboscis about as long as first trunk segment, from the posterior part
of which it issues ventrally and projects obliquely downward and forward ;
basal portion of slightly smaller diameter than the distal; truncate.
Chelifori extending forward from the extreme end of the first trunk
segment, which furnishes but a slight projection beyond the eye tuber-
cle for their attachment; about equal in length to the segment to
which they are attached. Scape slender, nearly cylindrical, only slightly
enlarged at distal end; smooth except for a few small hairs. Chela
pendant, bent at nearly a right angle to the scape and hardly half as long,
sparingly beset with hairs; fingers slender, curved, sharply pointed, about
as long as palm; movable finger longer and more strongly curved.
Ovigera long (as long as, or longer than, animal), slender. First joint
short and comparatively thick; 7.2 over twice as long and more slender;
these 2 joints extend downward from their attachment to the first trunk
segment. ‘The third joint bends backward, running nearly parallel with
the trunk; it is half again as long as the first two joints taken together
and even more slender than the second; slightly curved, with the con-
vexity upward; about one fourth of its length from the proximal end is
a constriction which on superficial examination might be taken for an
290 COLE
articulation. The fourth joint is somewhat shorter than the second,
slightly curved; 7.5 still shorter and bent sharply back on the under side
of the fourth; 7.6 very small, oval; the fifth and sixth together scarcely
equal the fourth. The third, fifth, and sixth joints are sparingly beset
with rather stiff bristles, some of which on 7.6 are directed backward.
Eggs on ovigera in several globular masses.
Legs slender, second pair about two and one half times as long as the
animal; ¢.1 short, little longer than broad; ¢.2 rather over twice the length
of ¢.1; at about the middle of the dorsal side is a slight rounded protuber-
ance; in the male the ventral side extends at the distal end into a consider-
able projection, on which are several small bristles, and at the end of which
is the genital opening. The female lacks this projection, but the distal
end of the joint is swollen and the genital opening is situated on a slight
prominence of its own a little way back from the tip. Third coxal joint
rather longer than first; like all the joints out toZ2, it becomes gradually
larger distally. Femoral joint nearly as long as whole of coxal region,
commonly larger in the female; produced dorsally at the distal end into
a rounded projection very similar in shape to that on the dorsal side of
the lateral process and the genital prominence on the second coxal joint ;
from this projection grows a long, slender bristle. In the male there is
another process on the femoral joint, just beyond the middle on the
dorsal side; it is drawn out into a narrow tube which projects distally;
at its end is the opening of the so-called agglutinative gland, the secretion
from which is supposed to be used in gluing the egg-masses together.
Second tibial joint slightly longer than 71; neither quite so long asf; at
the distal end of #1 is a projection similar to that on f, but smaller, and
likewise furnished with a rather long bristle; about one fourth of the dis-
tance from the distal end of #2, on the dorsal side, is a slight nodular
protuberance from which projects a long, delicate bristle. First tarsal
joint very small, roughly triangular, with a broad base ventrally bearing a
few moderately strong spines, and a narrow knob dorsally ; ¢s.2 compara-
tively slender, about equal in length to ¢.2, not strongly curved, but
appearing arched on the ventral side in consequence of being much
expanded at the base, where it is armed with 2 stout, distally curved
spines and a few strong bristles. The proximal half of the remainder of
the ventral margin, the sole, is armed with a series of close-set distally
curved spines, varying in number from 7 or 8 to 11; along the distal part
extends a thin, lamellar, knife-like chitinous plate along the sides of which
are a few very small bristles. Claw long, falciform, reaching back as far
as the heel of ¢s.2; inner edge thin and knife-like. Auxiliary claws very
small but distinct. The legs are very sparsely hairy; besides what have
IF YR
~
J
+ PYCNOGONIDS | 291
8 been mentioned, there are a few fine hairs, especially on f, 41, 4.2, and
+ zs.1, anda more or less regular row of small bristles along the dorsal side
Of #5.2.
g : Integument thin, clear, and with comparatively few cuticular cavities.
Color in alcohol light.
a :
d Length about 2.5 mm.; sexes of nearly the same size.
3
3 SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
¢ Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
= | |
3 «SC San Diego, Calif. 65 FO Sept., 1896 Univ. of Calif.
(coll. by Prof. Kelsey)
15 | San Diego, Calif. 1? July 8, 1895 Dr. S. J. Holmes
C
Co
Remarks.—This species of Anoplodactylus, which I have called erectus
on account of the position of the caudal segment, is in many respects
very similar to A. fetiolatus (Kroyer).
shown in the following table:
A. petiolatus.
Trunk ‘‘somewhat short and stout,
and, relatively to its length,
rather broad.”
Lateral processes not much sepa-
rated.
Caudal segment long, cylindrical,
abruptly acuminated, placed
horizontally.
Proboscis of plain cylindrical form,
obtusely truncated.
Immovable finger of chela almost
quite straight.
Ovigera nearly as long as animal.
Legs hardly two times length of
animal.
Second tarsal joint strongly curved ;
4 to 6 spines on proximal part
of sole.
The important differences are
A, erectus,
Trunk rather slender.
Lateral processes well separated.
Caudal segment not especially long,
more or less conical, directed
upward at a sharp angle.
Proboscis not plain cylindrical,
narrower in basal portion.
Fingers of chela both curved.
Ovigera as long as, or longer than,
animal; third joint especially
proportionately longer than in
A. petiolatus.
Legs proportionately longer; two
and one half times length of ani-
mal.
Second tarsal joint not strongly
curved; 7 to 11 spines on proxi-
mal part of sole.
292 COLE
Family PYCVOGON/IDA.
Chelifori and palpi both absent; ovigera present in the male only
Genus Pycnogonum Briinnich (1764).
Trunk stout and square-set. Ovigera small, present only in the male,
g- or 10-jointed. Legs comparatively short, stout, tapering. First tarsal
joint small; claw powerful; auxiliary claws usually absent.
Remarks.—There seems to be a disagreement among authors as to
whether in this genus the ovigera are g-jointed or 1o-jointed. This is
probably due to the fact that some count the terminal claw as a joint,
while others do not; but as it differs from the others only in being smaller
and more chitinous, I see no reason why it should not be considered a
joint the same as the terminal claw of the legs.
PYCNOGONUM STEARNSI Ives.
Plate xiv, figs. 13-15; plate xxv, fig. 10.
Pycnogonum stearnst IVES, '92, p. 142, pl. X, figs 1-4.
Trunk broad, somewhat depressed ; lateral processes with scarcely any
interval between them. Each trunk segment with a prominent tubercle
at its posterior border on the mid-dorsal line (considerably smaller on the
last segment), and a somewhat smaller tubercle on the outer edge of each
lateral process. First trunk segment about two thirds the length of the
proboscis, slightly constricted just ahead of the lateral processes; second
and third segments each equal to the portion of the first back of the con-
striction; the fourth somewhat shorter. Posterior borders of the
segments slightly elevated.
Caudal segment clavate, or nearly cuneiform, truncated at its ex-
tremity, sometimes slightly swollen in the middle; somewhat longer than
the fourth trunk segment, about equal to the third. The anus is a
longitudinal slit on the ventral side of the caudal segment near the tip.
Eye tubercle bluntly conical, placed just behind the constriction of the first
segment ; eyes black or dark brown, distinct, or in some cases indistinct and
without pigment; the posterior pair usually farther apart than the anterior.
Proboscis subcylindrical, slightly swollen at or a little anterior to the
middle; somewhat longer than the first trunk segment.
Ovigera (pl. xxv1, fig. 10) small and rather slender; ro-jointed, the last
joint a strong, straight, or nearly straight, claw. The joints do not
diminish gradually in length; the first, second, fourth, seventh, and
eighth are approximately as long as broad, while the others are propor-
tionately longer. The diameter does not decrease greatly until the ninth
PYCNOGONIDS 293
joint, where it begins tapering gradually to the tip of the claw. Practi-
cally smooth except for a few very small bristles on the outer side of the
third joint. When not carrying eggs, the appendages commonly extend
outward and a little backward, then curve forward and in again toward
the middle line. The bending occurs particularly at the fourth and at
the eighth and ninth joints.
Eggs small, carried on the ovigera in one (pl. x1v, fig. 15) or two (fig. 14)
large, wrinkled, cake-like masses, occupying the whole space under the
animal and extending so far that when looked at from below only the
legs from the fourth joint outward are visible, except the posterior pair,
which can usually be seen because the eggs are carried well forward.
Legs stout: ¢c.1 broader than the lateral processes of the segments,
with the appearance of a dorsal notch on its outer border due to the
close approximation of two dorsal tubercles; ¢.2 rather smaller than ¢.1 ;
¢.3 rather smaller than ¢c.2; the 3 joints together in the third leg about as
long as the proboscis ; f/ strongly developed, about two thirds as long as the
coxal region; proximal half of the ventral surface considerably swollen (in
male as well as female), a rather weak dorsal tubercle at the distal
extremity; 71 about equal to f, but more slender; #2 rather shorter than
#1; ¢s.1 very short, subtriangular; ¢s.2 about as long as 742; c/. less
than half as long as ¢s.2, rather strongly curved. On the dorsal surface
of f., and of ¢.1 and #2, near their distal ends, there is a single compara-
tively strong spine; ventral side of 42 beset with smaller spines at its
distal end, while the tarsal joints, especially the first, have their ventral
surfaces thickly beset with these short spines.
The 11 females measured range from 4 mm. to 8 mm.; the males
average somewhat smaller, the largest being but 6.3 mm. in length.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source.
11 | San Pedro Point, San | 2°, 292 Sept. 1, 1895 Univ. of Calif.
Mateo Co., Calif. ’
17 | Pacific Grove, Monte-|19 July 13, 1896 Univ. of Calif.
rey Co., Calif.
19 | Dillon’s Beach, Sono- | 22 Aug. 4, 1898 Univ. of Calif.
ma Co., Calif.
21 | Shelter Cove, Hum- | 14,', 69 June 24, 1894 -| Univ. of Calif.,
boldt Co., Calif.1 No. 19,516
Remarks.—This species was established by Ives from 5 female speci-
mens collected at San Diego, and it has not been recorded since that
1 Collected ‘‘on rocks.’? Ten of the fourteen males in this lot were carrying egg-masses.
294
time until now.
COLE
Ives’s description and figures are readily recognizable,
and besides being able to include the description of the male I have very
little to add.
Pycnogonum stearnsi is closely allied to P. Littorale (Strém).
The prin-
cipal differences can be seen at a glance in the following table:
EP. littorate.
Average length of female about 15
mm.
Claw more than half the length of
the second tarsal joint.
A smaller conical protuberance on
the dorsal side of the first trunk
segment between the one on the
posterior border of the segment
and the eye tubercle.
Ovigera: “Along the inner margin
of the joints extend a few very
small and irregularly distributed
spines of quite a simple form”
(Sars, ’QI, p. 10).
LP. stearnsi.
Average length of female about 6
mm.
Claw less than half the length of
the second tarsal joint.
No protuberance on the first trunk
segment between the one on the
posterior border and the eye
tubercle.
Ovigera practically unarmed except
for a few small spines on the
outer side of the third joint.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
The following list includes, besides the papers referred to in the fore-
going pages, the principal references to North American Pycnogonida.
Boum, R.
18792 Uber die Pycnogoniden des K6nigl. Zoologischen Museums zu
Berlin, inbesondere iiber die von S. M. S. Gazelle mitge-
brachten Arten.
Monatsbericht der Kénigl. Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 20, Taf. 1, 11, Februar 1879, pp.
170-195.
1879 Ueber Pycnogoniden.
Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. naturforsch.
Freunde Berlin, pp. 140-142.
BRUNNICH, MARTIN THRANE,
1764 Entomologia (Copenhagen).
CoLE, LEon J.
19014
195-207.
T9o1>
Africa.
Tat. 13,
Notes on the Habits of Pycnogonids.
Biol. Bull., vol. 11, pp.
On Discoarachne brevipes Hoek, a Pycnogonid from South
Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst.. Bd. 15, pp. 243-248,
PYCNOGONIDS 295
Dat, W. H.
1876 On the Marine Faunal Regions of the North Pacific; an Intro-
ductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by Mr.
Clark. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, pp. 205-208.
Dana, JAmEs D.
1853 U.S. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 18309,
1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes,
U.S vol. xiv, Crustacea, pt. 11, Arachnopoda or
Pycnogonida, pp. 1382-1391.
DourRN, ANTON.
1881 Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden
Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel,
11 (Leipzig).
Goopsir, H. D. S$.
1842 On some new species of Pycnogonide. Edinb. New Phil.
jour., Vol. xxxiI, p. 136.
1844 On the Specific and Generic Characters of the Araneiform
Crustacea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1), vol. 14, pp. 1-4,
pl.t.
Gou.Lp, Aucustus A.
1844 Description of a new species of Crustacean. Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Elst, vol. 1, pp. 92,93.
HANSEN, H. J.
1884 Fortegnelse over de hidtil i de Hanske Have fundne Pycnogo-
nider eller Sdspindler. Naturhist. Tidsskrift, 3. Rekke, Bd.
XIV, pp. 647-652.
1885 Sdspindler (Pantopoda v. Pycnogonidz). Zoologia Danica.
Afbildninger af Danske Dyr med populer Text, pp. 117-131,
Tab. vu, figs. 8-23 (Copenhagen).
HASWELL, W. A.
1885 On the Pycnogonida of the Australian Coast, with Descriptions
of New Species.,, Proce, Linn) Soc: N. 5: W:, voli 1x, pp.
1021-1034, pls, LIV-LVII.
Honce, G.
1864 List of the British Pycnogonide, with Descriptions of several
New Species. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. x11.
Honk, P. P.-C.
1877 Ueber Pycnogoniden. Niederl. Arch. f. Zool., 111, pp. 235-254,
dl Wet AES. 4) Ae: 4
18812 Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by H. M.S. Challenger
during the years 1873-76. The Zoology of the Voyage of
H. M. S. Challenger, vol. 11, Pt. X.
1881> Nouvelles études sur les Pycnogonides. Arch. de Zool. expér.
et génér., T. 1X, pp. 437-542, pls. XXIII—-xxx.
296 COLE
1898 On four Pycnogonids, dredged during the Cruise of the Chal.
lenger (investigated and described after the completion of
the Report). With an appendix. Tijdschr. d. Nederl.
Dierk. Vereen. (2), 6. Deel, pp. 290-301, pls. 11, 111.
Ives, J. E.
1892 HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
PLATE XVI.
Ammothea latifrons sp. nov.
Fic. 1. Male from right side (Lot 1). X 20.
2. Lateral process and first coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot 1); seen
from dorsal side. % 20.
. Second right leg of male (Lot 1b). xX 20.
Second coxal joint of third right leg of male (Lot rb). X 20.
. Palp of female (Lot 1a). X 33.
. Oviger of female (Lot Ia). X 33.
Oviger of male (Lot Ic). X 33.
. Cheliforus of female (Lot Ia). xX 33.
. Denticulate spine from oviger of male (Lot 4b). x 247.
O OWT AND wo
(310)
+H. A. E. VOL, X PLATE XVI
PYCNOGONIDA
= HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Fic.
PLATE XVII.
Ammothea latifrons sp. nov.
. Cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot. 1-1). X 33.
. Oviger of immature specimen (Lot I-1a). X 33.
. Terminal part of same. XX 107.
Ammothea alaskensis sp. nov.
. Female from left side (Lot 25). x 27.
. Cheliforus of adult (Lot 7b). x 73.
. Caudal segment, dorsal view (Lot 7b). X 43.
. Left oviger of female (Lot 7a). X 73.
. Right palp of female (Lot 7b). x 73.
. Third left leg of female (Lot 25a). X 27.
. Foot of second left leg, female (Lot 7a). x 53.
. Second coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot 25).
. Right oviger of male (Lot 25b). X 37.
(312)
FitAnues VOU xX . PLATE XVII
PYCNOGONIDA
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
in
ee a
eu:
Fic.
An pwd
on
PLATE XVIII.
Ammothea gracilipes sp. nov.
. Female from left side (Lot 9). x 27.
. Right cheliforus and palp of female (Lot ga). X 43.
Right oviger of female (Lot 9a). X 43.
. Left oviger of male (Lot 9b). x 43.
. Second right leg of male (Lot 9b). xX 33.
. Lateral process and coxal joints of third right leg of male (Lot 9b).
Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov.
. Male from right side (Lot 2). x IL.
. Left cheliforus of male (Lot 2a). X 20.
X 33.
(314)
oy
Pus
H. A. E: VOL. X PLATE XVIII
PYCNOGONIDA
a ae f. al HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Fic.
Osan fw
PLATE XIX.
Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov.
Left palp (Lot 2a). x 20.
. Lateral process and first coxal joint of first left leg of male (Lot 2); dorsal
view.
. Left cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 2-1); dorsal view. X 20.
. First right leg of male (Lot 2a). X Io.
Heel of same. X 20.
. Second coxal joint of third right leg of male (Lot 2a). X Io.
. Left oviger of male (Lot 2a). x 20.
. Oviger of female (Lot 2b). xX 20.
(316)
PLATE XIX
Hi A. E. VOL. Xx
PYCNOGONIDA
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Cina
; pat eh
yy.
a 52D
Ko ae
PLATE XX.
Ammothella tuberculata sp. nov.
Fic. 1. Female from left side (Lot 27). x 20.
. Female specimen from dorsal side (Lot 22). X 20.
. Right cheliforus of female (Lot 27). X 37.
. Right palp and right oviger of female (Lot 27), X 37.
. Second left leg of female (Lot 27). xX 33.
. Right cheliforus of female (Lot 22a). X 43.
Am fh WwW b
Ammothella spinifera sp. nov.
7. Female from right side; chelifori, palpi, and proboscis not shown ; portion of
side cut away, exposing alimentary canal and nerve ganglia (Lot 14).
X 43.
8. Eye tubercle of immature specimen seen in posterior view (Lot 14). X 70.
g. Proboscis (Lot 14). X 33-
(318)
PLATE XX
= a3
a NAY
AY, Y
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ANN
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: PYCNOGONIDA
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Fic.
PLATE XXI.
Ammothella spinifera sp. nov.
Female from above (Lot 14). X 27.
. Left oviger of female (Lot 14a). X 70.
Left cheliforus of female (Lot 14a). X 70.
. Left cheliforus of immature specimen from above (Lot 14). X 70.
. First left leg of female (Lot 14a). X 43.
. Left palp (Lot 14). xX 70.
Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov.
. Male from right side (Lot 29). x 40.
. Right cheliforus of male (Lot 29b); from above. X 107.
. Right cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 29) X 107.
(320)
i
j PrHe AE, VOL. Xx PLATE XXI
4 ~
\\ x \X\
PYCNOGONIDA
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Fic.
PLATE XXII.
Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov.
Male from above (Lot 29). X 44.
. Female from above (Lot 29). X 44.
. Immature specimen from above (Lot 29). X 44.
. Left palp of female (Lot 29a). X 70.
Second right leg of male (Lot 29b). xX 43.
. Foot (Lot 29b). x 80.
Femoral joint of second left leg of female (Lot 29a).
X 43.
(322)
PLATE XxIl
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PYCNOGONIDA
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PLATE XXIII.
Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov.
. Left oviger of male (Lot 29a). X 70.
. Left oviger of female (Lot 29a). X 70.
. Spine from joint 9 of above (Fig. 2) highly magnified.
Clotenia occidentalis sp. nov.
- Male from right side (Lot 16). x 34.
. Cheliforus and palp of same. X 70.
. Third right leg of same. X 33.
. Left oviger of same. X 70.
. Same specimen from above. X 33.
(324)
5 4
GC
PYCNOGONIDA
Fic.
. Second left leg of female (Lot 3). X 13. | akan
PLATE XXIV.
Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke).
Female from side (Lot 3). XX 10.
Eye tubercle, anterior view (Lot 3). X43. Lae Enea be |
Caudal segment, posterior view (Lot 3). X 43. ‘eae.
Right oviger of male (Lot 8). x 20.
Halosoma viridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov.
6. From left side (Lot 28). x 43.
on
. Left chela of same. X 107.
. Same as Fig. 7, cleared and mounted. xX 107.
(326)
H. A. E. VOL. X
PYCNOGONIDA
PLATE XXIV
Fic.
BBS
2.
3:
4.
fTalosoma viridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov.
PLATE XXV.
Specimen from above (Lot 28). X 20.
Second left leg of same.
Foot of same. X 67.
X 43.
Portion of the sole highly magnified.
Ee ee ee
Finley. VOILE. X : PLATE XXV
LL ey
ry
a
PYCNOGONIDA
,
; HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
Fic.
© MY ANH AWN H
10.
PLATE: XXXVI,
Anoplodactylus erectus sp. nov.
- Male from side (Lot 13). x 20.
. Eye tubercle of female (Lot 13); posterior view. X 43.
. Third right leg of male (Lot 13b). X 20.
. Terminal part of left oviger of same specimen. X 53.
<-eOOb OL Hig. a. x na:
Second coxal joint of fourth right leg of male (Lot 13c). X 43.
Second coxal joint of second right leg of female (Lot 13c). X 43.
. Caudal segment of female (Lot 13); anterior view. x 43.
. Left chela (Lot 13c). x 67.
Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives,
Left oviger of male (Lot 21-1). x 27.
(330)
PLATE XXVI
H. A.~E. VOL. X
PYCNOGONIDA
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.
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