Btn ay Ue tel rhseske eee been bet ie 7 aA Ae ¢ i 4 et ai : oe RR caimepien trian tue tsber ID RM Sea tanga a Hoa cite hel ease emai eeit Ase ‘ = =a a ey eee 3572 wi =e: ars © SSS = Stes a 3 : 2a =: Peas here , H A) ——— AH autiet a f i Wt i Sua ui 4 Wud Sas. re = cS wists SSS ere tee, . ae Sse = ss ‘x oe SSS — ae = toe = - or Astetst AN ~~ mE < am / u yw - | | ’ AAAY Se ee a Coe } ! RARRAAAA mARAARARRAAeeA AA CC c€ ie ¢ pm em TH ie = cc PPPPPPrry. few \\7 wy aAAAnn i SN NW AN A CN A a AAAA PAP AnaaaaamaaaaanhennAa- ~- NAAN — ~ gi | = Ne a Ve ae ee A Yonlalanan r= — — VAARARAAAP RAAAAAAL ss Wane AA oe | A A iA “A 22 } e AANA as PY ana ee AAA mae AAA al AVA AMA v~ ls a ane a AAAAA AARAAAAR AANA NAIA. AWA AA AA AAA Ag ARAVA ~ B RARARAAAnnnr Aral / 2 AR-AEARARAAAANAAAAA Raa nenaee Aw Banner AAA alalalalalaa’\.. 1 Ag AAAAARA AAARAAAARAARRAA RAY NAA N AA AAAR AAA ARAAAARAARAA NAA AGERE Ga aA AAAAANNR AAA ANA RAGA RAR AAAAAAAay AANA ANNA RARAAE mAnnnnnnnnncacnnaees AARARAANAAAAAR AAA AWAWAWAAAA AR AARARAAARAAWAL Baan AR AANAAAAAAA A AAAAAAAA aaianiaan Reprinted from HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION. Vol. X, pp. 249-298, pls. U-xxvr te CONTRIBUTION NO. 59, FROM THE ZOOLOGICAL, LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, JACOB REIGHARD, DIRECTOR. LLIN 8 i { : a ‘paves hy Ua eae Bon eS ~~ ee = eee” Oe << WITH son tdhayaiasteyets OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CARDED a ae \ cals * oe DYCNOGONIDA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY LEON J. COLE oe OD ih, i ii oA Mee & o HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION pecs eM HE SIE ) | NEW YORK eat eet _ DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Laan | 1904 sar (ae . “4 aie 8 hn) . Nn : Hi 7 ry A | pai Sa ba) > EVCGNOGONIDA: OF THE.,.WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 4 1 : ar ? a d "Mc “ ' é PYCNOGONIDA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY LEON J. COLE CONTENTS. PMCTOCUCUION: Ooo is Sa ces oe ses Sisterwlatewee Wales and arate loracle chatevs Saag Be Oerap ical MISEMOMEOM e's Sica isiscises Scie ee & #408 coerce alee ela mtewes 250 Ee assincatioi and terminology s. soot ke ae chs'ee bale eich cure Bible's 6 Bs 253 PECMMLOREHC SPCCIES Gu ie, ose aioe ees Oe a Oe wee oeecns Simie evavelevave ve 258 Systematic discussion of species ............ 5G 8 Bodine able Sheree 5G SADE UEDPUL Yi taicra ecctcl ese nsle Soko wiavesslalwselicatelatels rage mies eyel-niscs Gateiaiote mr 2O INTRODUCTION. THE Pycnogonida collected by the Harriman Alaska Expedi- tion form the basis of the material described in the following pages. They were obtained by those members of the party who devoted their attention to the invertebrate forms, Professor W. E. Ritter, Dr. W. R. Coe, and Professor Trevor Kincaid; I have also to thank Professor Kincaid for several specimens collected by him upon a previous trip to the Pribilof Islands, in 1897. In addition to the above, the Pycnogonida in the collection of the University of California, from various places along the California coast, were placed at my disposal. Finally several lots, also from California, were turned over to me by Dr. S. J. Holmes, to whom I am indebted for many courtesies. I have been generously permitted to include descriptions of all these forms, so that, with the exception of two previous notes, each describing a new species, of which one is included in the present collections, all that has been written on the littoral Pycnogonida of the west coast of North America will be found in this paper. (249) 250 COLE Of the two species previously described from the Pacific coast the first was established by Stimpson (’64) from a single speci- men, which he called Ammothea longicaudata, collected in Puget Sound by the Northwest Boundary Commission. Stimpson’s description of the species is preliminary and indeterminate; the fuller description and figures were never published. In 1892 Ives (’92) described a species of Pycnogonum from San Diego, California, which he named Pycnogonum stearnst, after the collec- tor. These constitute the references to the shore forms on the Pacific coast of North America. Schimkewitsch (’93) has de- scribed the deep-sea specimens collected by the AJ/datross in the Gulf of California and to the southward, none of which was taken in less than 660 fathoms of water, and in a previous paper (Schimkewitsch, ’89) he describes the collections of the Vettor Pisani, a part of which were made in the Gulf of Panama and at various places along the coast of South America. On the Atlantic coast of North America the chief systematic work has been done by Wilson (’'78, 78», ’80, and ’81). The collections here reported comprise altogether 108 speci- mens, of which 42 are adult males, 39 adult females, and 27 immature specimens. These represent 13 species, included in 9g genera. Specimens of all these species have been deposited in the Museum of the University of California, including the type specimens of those species which are here described for the first time. Duplicates, so far as possible, will be deposited in the United States National Museum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. The available data are so meager that no very general conclu- sions can be drawn respecting the distribution of Pycnogonida on the Pacific coast. It may be worth while, however, to con- sider the question briefly, and to compare the results with what is known of the distribution of other groups in that region. The accompanying table shows graphically the distribution of the Pycnogonida known from the west coast, including the species reported from Puget Sound, which may possibly be synonymous with one of the species of Ammothea reported from Alaska. PYCNOGONIDS "8" wnipamAaggur uni hgshun J PES 4 MEE ee i ees PC ee ey sewer ele renee ce eeee Cocca efi rere spore es rte sree ertosrecevcs ee eeserese viafiuids wpypayjouu py Loyleoe Wo one Neel fares Telarv: [hey nao! a\Cei| intone eferel|(siiv. wishelis San rar olroyeil| | hererenos oe ||Meereteveieylreilevereus’s|||Vewarexey sie |Covemenaitever|faareuteewe reer smere "8899+ sy994 smphgovpo,gou py ° . . . . . . . . . . . ° SUmUuap1II0 01240), ***saduiapsF vayjomiu py Ho frecresfecesesPeceseeP eseerslescseclessseslesresclsseenssseves sepenmysassiuimeste DUOSOLOET ee x x see eee ereeee mie eee eee eeeeee eeeeee tT eceteeeteoseeer tno eceantoeecesefescveneseeeese SHJDUISADUL snygunysoyz hay arersvetany | Cousve,sival litters (eres ae aRa ee aprsentehs oa tallo nade dll o bong coon 6] lamuieel Goa ca loan oe POD ROO "+ ppynouzgng nyeyjouup 6 Ba x x eietetarehei|oretatertts x foreee: 50 2 || Soc oilogo cocllodacdulloaoo nell ouuccc WRereLelis ier foneleMuieye "599" geuepags unuUoSoUrhT . Sa C4 FOreo tc. ON Po Oke D ail | hemereteente ouudnallovapo doo amo x eeLererieyot eile ehenetio(}| caiiaWerey eles |Cslsvranel acs [ise covers hese ss rmmnnnSU0) Day gous py @eeeeretoeeeeretesneene Ce sip e ee eee x x ee eee eeeeoveteoeee ShOnS 8 Eee OS 218) Sree S SISUIYSDID DIYIOMUM ecee y sees ees ic ee ary ec ee crete ree enporceerfoeovece Lereoe x x Soe |) OsGs AD .0,| Paros eo Siereienerare) wmngosoual wnipiyryI1xoy gy eeceee . Cs i er ? Ce Cs Cs OC Ce | ee es x Be || (OME Ons Seeb Sees S58 hs. 6) sam SUosfigvy DIYJOMM pronarstere! | arelteteNayell| oie (ch ofens SYaretocere) |folsicerensien| pares snevs!| teltzeFeates!{iseteteoxertn | |(eenetels Yaire rotsteillfexereeane lst | ricieneerins Koc ete ee tee eee sisuafopigrag vayzouu pr mn J n (e) oy is) BS n J O° J is) n 2 p = {ie 5 2s we >e ne ne Z 5. 5 bo ns it tg let Se 2a 29 ° aS o bP ° 8 ah) o Che By > b BiG 55 5 8 it ® =. oS Bip a as we Be ey ou ia By n rid Bes Ee, oa ie) =e meee easy 3 o ae} ° po. & ee he 26 ooo lone (oe jake eh e | <2 me 5 Boal eee et ae pa ofl ct | 28 | oh le | ohio |e? | & | 8] BB] @ |g be eee eee (eae lee he & lace tg | eee 5 o st Q ce ca ¢ Ke) 1 6 O fe) », g _ 8 & | 6 G 2 5} Ss Es ° Ri Balad Ee Bealeae B | 8 =a i 5 S ; p = ; Pla Be fe) *s p R 26 > a 5 . . art ° oe 3, £. 8 SI oe p oa FR 5 see eed : oe - p en Se ee ee Ee eee ‘VOINANV HLYON AO LSVOO LSUM AHL NO VGINODONDAd AO NOILNAINLSIGC DNIMOHS ATIVL 252 COLE In the table the localities are arranged in order from the north and west toward the east and south, from Bering Sea to southern California. The species are similarly arranged in the order of their first occurrence in the list of localities. It will be noticed that there is a great gap in the series of localities extending the whole distance from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to northern California, except for the single record of Stimpson at Puget Sound, This gap is indicated in the table by double lines. It seems at first surprising that more of the species are not identical with North Atlantic forms; but when it is taken into account that only four species have been found to the northward on the Pacific side, and that one of these, Phoxichilidium femora- tum Rathke, is circumpolar, being found also on the coasts of northern Europe, the proportion does not appear so small. Fur- thermore, twavother of the four species, Ammothea latifrons and Ammothea alaskensts, correspond fairly closely to the European forms Ammothea echinata (Hodge) and Ammothea levis (Hodge) respectively, and it is not unlikely that they have been differen- tiated from common circumpolar types. In discussing the distribution of the Hydroids collected by the Harriman Alaska Expedition, Nutting (: 01) takes exception to the definition of the Pacific faunal areas made by Dall (76) in ‘An Introductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by Mr. Clark.’ Dall extended what he called the Oregonian Fauna from Monterey to the Shumagin Islands; Nutting would not extend this southern fauna farther northward than about the region of Puget Sound. Then, instead of a break at the Shu- magin Islands with a distinct fauna beyond (called the Aleutian by Dall), the results of further research would seem to show that from Puget Sound to the Aleutian Islands the fauna is fairly con- tinuous and homogeneous, and to this Nutting has applfed the name Alaskan Fauna. Reasoning from the close relation existing between Pycnogonida and Hydroid colonies, the former being so often found with and perhaps obtaining their food from the latter, and the larvz, in some cases at least, being known to be parasitic upon the Hydroids, either living within the gastral cavity (Dohrn, ’81, p. 76) or attached to the outside with the proboscis buried in the body of the host (von Lendenfeld, ’83), it would not be at all PYCNOGONIDS 253 surprising if a correlation were found in their distribution. In this connection the results presented in the table may have some bear- ing on the question of a line of demarcation at the Shumagin Islands. The evidence does not favor such a distinction, for it will be noticed that of the two forms obtained at Orca, both are found at Popof Island, and one of them at Unalaska, still farther west. As might perhaps be expected, all the species from California are different from those found in Alaska; but in determining the position of the dividing line between the two faunas the data at hand give no help, although, as Nutting supposes, it is not at all unlikely that the line is not far to the southward of Puget Sound. The fauna of the California coast is in some respects strikingly like that of the Gulf of Naples. For instance, two representatives of the genus Ammothella are found along the coast of that State, and none to the northward, while of the other four species which apparently belong to this genus (see p. 273), but which have here- tofore been referred to the unrestricted genus Ammothea, three are recorded from Naples by Dohrn (’81), and one from the Ber- mudas by Verrill (:00). The genus Clotenia is known only from the original species, C. conirostris Dohrn, from Naples, and C. occidentalis from Pacific Grove, California. This similarity in the faunas of the two places is probably brought about merely by the similarity in temperature rather than by any direct faunal relation, as a similarity can be found between the forms occurring on the coast of California and those of any place having much the same thermal conditions. For example, the two previously known species of Lecythorhynchus have been recorded only from Japan, where the conditions are much the same as on the California coast. CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY. The classification of the Pycnogonida is at best very unsettled. The group as a whole is remarkably homogeneous, the classifica- tion depending for the most part upon such characters as the development or non-development, or the loss in adult life, of certain of the anterior appendages. Other differences are often 254 COLE correlated with these, giving some justification for the groupings, but it is not at all improbable that widely separated forms are in this way often put together; conversely, specimens of the same species but of different ages have sometimes been placed even in different families.' Like my predecessors, however, for want of a better standard, I have retained those groupings which seemed most convenient. In the matter of the terminology of parts I have, with a few exceptions, followed that given by Meinert (’99) in the ‘ Pycno- gonida of the Danish Ingolf-Expedition,’ which in turn differs little from that used by Sars (’91, and previous papers). In using this system rather than the more non-committal nomenclature of Dohrn, I have been influenced by two considerations. In the first place, these names, or names much like them, have been on the whole more generally employed in works on Pycnogonida. Sec- ondly, the Pycnogonida form such a highly specialized and well differentiated group that terms similar to those used for other classes of Arthropoda can be employed without necessarily im- plying that the parts so designated are homologous, but merely analogous in position, shape, or use. Furthermore, the tendency of recent writers has been to use special names for parts, rather than more general appellations, and it is of the utmost importance that some system should be uniformly established. In the following pages the word ‘body’ is used as a general term to include the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral processes, while ‘trunk’ has for convenience been restricted to only the main portion of the body, the proboscis, caudal segment, and lateral processes being excluded. Instead of ‘ovigerous leg’ the word ‘oviger’ has been employed, and simply ‘leg’ is made to take the place of the cumbersome phrase ‘ambulatory leg,’ as there is no danger of confusion. When the tarsal joints and the claw are spoken of as a whole, that portion of the leg is called the ‘ foot’; and when the ventral margin of the second tarsal joint is differen- tiated, the basal expansion is spoken of as the ‘heel,’ and the 1Thus Wilson (’80), before it was recognized that Ache/ia included merely the adults of those forms placed in the genus Ammothea, put Ammothea in the family Nymphonide, while Achelia was classed along with Zanysty/um in a family which he called the Achelidz, PYCNOGONIDS 258 remainder of the surface as the ‘sole.’ In describing the joints of the palpi and ovigera the abbreviations 7.1, 7.2, etc., are often used, and similarly the joints of the legs are abbreviated to ¢.1, ¢.2, ¢.3 for the first, second, and third coxal joints, f for femoral, etc., when the meaning cannot be mistaken. In speaking of the dimensions of a joint, ‘length’ is always in the direction of the axis of the appendage, ‘breadth’ at right angles to it, regardless of the proportions of the two. The same rule also holds true for the parts of the body, ‘length’ being in the direction of the axis of the animal; but when the lateral process alone is spoken of, it has the same long axis as the leg. In general, proportionate measurements are used in preference to absolute, as it is thought they will prove more practicable in determining species. Measure- ments of the length of the whole animal, or ‘body,’ as it is usually called, are taken from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the caudal segment. When possible the specimen is flattened out so that the proboscis projects straight forward and the caudal seg- ment straight backward in order to get this measurement, and when this is not possible it is approximated as nearly as can be. Extent is another measurement which it is difficult to obtain with any degree of accuracy. When practicable I have done this by ex- tending the specimen as fully as possible and measuring directly —usually from the tip of the second leg of one side to the tip of the third leg of the other. For one reason or another this can not always be done conveniently, and in such cases it is often necessary to get the leg measurement joint by joint, and to deter- mine the total extent approximately in this way. Such a degree of accuracy is generally not necessary in determining the abso- lute size of the species, but is often of much importance in order to get proportion of extent to length, and to other dimensions, in the same specimen. Most authors give measurements for at least length and extent, but as they seldom state just how they are made, they can be used only with considerable caution, The following comparative table of terms used by several of the more recent authors may be of service in comparing descrip- tions. A much more complete synonymy will be found in Mei- nert’s report (99). COLE dyed snyAjoep yurof puosas Bloyo qurofl jeseq euUudj}UE win.ijso1 safo apo19q “N} snoiajijn90 usuopqe ssoo01d [e19jvy quour -Sas 10119}sod (juowides pary}) (quowr -Sas puosas) yoou quour -3as snojajijno0 "0g, “UOSTT A, TT Jgwwexyxy a199Y9S Bel etoas Pel 23819 J WeWUIIyXG ISSPEoS uosny pPsnyussny Gialteiar rr Z¥CS}10 J VYOITIIs qUaWISEG 94Z}0] quowiseg 93)11p yusUIsaG 919Mz CC er ee Y quour “39g solapIo0A "Ig, ‘argo, dyed sioourd yurof puosas 2[qrpueut jo jurof [eseq SR UeUL stosoqoad safo Ee) i) -19qN} sno1ajI{nI0 uawopqe ssao0id [e19}e] eee eee sree eesees eeeeee ese eaeesese quaulsos o19vIOY} INI} 4sIy quowsos d1ovI0yjoTeYydao "eI, “Y9OH sndyjed jesuy syqvaour josuy ayqeaourut wyed puvy to ‘epayo advos sniojI[ayo stosoqoid xau109 ajo -JoqN} snoiazI{nI0 yuouisos [epnvo ssao0id [e193ze] quouldes yuNI} 4sv] quout -Soes yun} paryy quour -Sos yuni} puodss yoou yusuises o1eydao “16, ‘sieg (srmusof -1Gjvog sag +a sndyvg) dyed (suzgout sngtSip "2 xayog) irasuy aquaow (s7j2gowmur snyisip "2 UIUNID) JIBUY I[qvaowUt (vuyog) ued (xj2y2) puey 10 ‘ejay (sugv2s) odevos (susofiqay2) snaz0jtjayo (7n4jsot) stasoqoid sofa (2407220 42972) 9]919qN} snorazijno0 (ajopnv2 wmnjuamsas) yaousas jepneo (sizp4ajny sts0g ~409 snss2204g ) SS9d0I1d [e19zL] (2 -4unb siaog4oo uimguaut -8as) YUNA, Jo yuouwSas yyANOJ (2un14173 st4og407 wmnjuau -Sas) YuNI} Jo yuowsas pry} (zanp -unzas st4og4or wnjuaue -Sas) YUNs} Jo JuaUIsas puosas (24nj702) you (unutsg stsogior unjust -8as) Yun} Jo JuouIdas ysiy 66, 20019} dred Joduy o[qvaour zaduy a]qvaouruit wyed Blayo advos sniojtayo siosoqoid saka aporeqn} afa quoulsas [epnro ssoooid [v190}8] yusUISas YUNI} YyINOJ Jusudes yuNI} pry} yusuIdes YUNI} puosas you quowiSes yunI} 4sIy srodeg siqy, SCINODONDAd ONIGIYOSAC NI SUOHLNV SNOINVA AP CASN SNUAL AO AIAVL AAILVUVAINOD 257 smupo Arerrxne snjAjoup snpodoid snsie} yurof y}xIs qayof yay yarof yzino0j PYCNOGONIDS yurof parys yuro{ puosas qurof [eseq S23] ssvul-30 Sat Arossao0v UaT[e1yUIqe N [1231 214995 oyovyy Ly (SNSIBT, £ pap 9 PPD 5 peity ¥ pao £ pay z party I psi IIA~AI uaze}UIIIyxy YOVSIONT IIT sEiWteay xy sMvpo Arerixne ALO eoeeee eee eee secs eeeereeesesecece yurof yesre} puosas yurof yesivy ysiy Baz jo yurol yyxIs Say jo yurof wy Baz jo yarof yjanoj Say Jo yurof parry Sea] jo yurof puosas Seq] Jo qurof ysay S23] yoxpord -339 JO ‘sseui-339 ee te eee ees eee eee Sal snoras1a0 savy Areyixne ALO [BUIUTIA} uoIs IE][OUILT , -uedxa snpodoid snsiv} qurol yetqr; puosas yarof yerqy yszy yurof [erours; yuarol [exoo pry} qutof yexoo puosas qyurof [exoo ys1y Boj Arojze[nquie aqos-339 So as[ej jo jaed peururs9} Bo] as[ey (stevujixnv ynsinsun) Savio AreipIxne (sinSun) Meza @eeeeeeseseeoe cess ee cesses (43970 St7DS40} snjn2yap) yarol jesie} puosas (oteg s1qvS40} snpnIyav) yuro{ yesie, ys1y (ayn syni9y smjnIyav) yarol yerqi puosas (sored sxv194 snjnoy4p) yarof jeIqry ys1y (4nuaf) yatol Je1ours; (8217424 S17Dx02 snjnauyav) yurol yexod paryy *(smpunszas s1qvx09 snjnry4v) yarol [exod puosas (sired siypxo7 snjnoyav) yarof ]exod 4siy (snag -nyngup sag) Bat A1oyepnqure (tuanson0 snqoj8) aqo]s8-33a (242/220 stpag supurutsag stvg) Bay SNOJOSIAO ay} Jo avd jeururs9} (4af220 sag) Bay snoiastao AID [eUIUIIa} IO (72 ‘xnv) smeyo Arerrxne (7) ‘MeO aos IEEM (z°s7) yutol [es1ey poses (1°57) yarof yesiv3 ysIy (zz) qutol [e1qry puosas (1°) qurof yerqu yszy (£) amtof pexouras (£*2) yutof Texoo pry (z*2) yurof Texod puosas (1°2) qutof [exoo ys1y Pai) | sseul-330 JastAO yeururssy JaS1A0 jo jied 258 COLE KEY TO THE SPECIES The following key is adapted only to the species of Pycno- gonida described in this paper, and is applicable only to adult forms. If a chelate specimen not positively known to be adult cannot be identified by it, the specimen may be an immature in- dividual and can perhaps be traced by considering it under A, forms with “ Chelifori present, not chelate in adult.” A. Chelifori present, not chelate in adult; palpi present; ovigera 10- jointed, present in both sexes (AMMOTHEID2Z). B. Body rather elongate, distinctly segmented ; lateral processes well separated; chelifori 1-jointed; palpi g-jointed (Lecythorhyn- chus). C. Proboscis subcylindrical or elliptical, constricted in its middle third ... . . . Lecythorhynchus marginatus, p. 260 B’. Body more or less disciform ; segmentation often indistinct ; lateral processes approximated. C. Chelifori 2- or 3-jointed; palpi 8- or g-jointed. D. Chelifori 2-jointed; palpi 8-jointed (Ammothea). E. Chelifori more than half as long as proboscis; caudal seg- ment reaching at least to middle of second coxal joint of fourth pairoflegs . . . . Ammothea laiifrons, p. 263 E’. Chelifori less than half as long as proboscis. F. Proboscis narrow, fusiform; forms less than 4 mm. in length and 20 mm. in extent. G. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint about half as long as the joint; genital protuberance in male of about the same length. Ammothea alaskensis, p. 266 G’. Protuberance on dorsal side of first coxal joint fully three fourths as long as the joint; genital protu- berance in ¢ only about half as long as protuberance on first coxal joint . . Ammothea gracilipes, p. 269 F’. Proboscis broadly clavate, truncate at the apex; forms over 4 mm. in length and 20 mm. in extent. Ammothea pribilofensis, p. 270 D’. Chelifori 3-jointed; palpi 9-jointed (Ammothella). E. Eye tubercle low, rounded; first 2 or 3 trunk segments with a conical tubercle dorsally near the posterior border. Ammothella tuberculata, p. 273 E’. Eye tubercle tall, slender; caudal segment slender, curved, elevated, spinose; first and second trunk segments with a pair of spines dorsally near the posterior border. Ammothella spinifera, p. 275 C’. Chelifori usually 1-, sometimes 2-jointed; palpi 6- or 7-jointed. ( Zanystylum). PYCNOGONIDS 259 D. Chelifori 2-jointed. . . . Zanystylum intermedium, p. 278 C’’. Chelifori 1-jointed; palpi 4-jointed; body very much shortened (Clotenia). . . « C. occidentalis, p. 281 . Chelifori present, chelate; palpi absent ; ovigera present in the male only, 5- or 6-jointed (PuoNXICHILIDIID), B. First trunk segment produced very little, or not at all, anteriorly beyond base of proboscis; lateral processes well separated ; ovigera 5-jointed (Phoxichilidium) . . . P. femoratum, p. 283 B’. First trunk segment projecting somewhat anteriorly beyond base of proboscis; body concentrated, lateral processes closely ap- proximated (Halosoma). . . .f. viridintestinalis, p. 286 B”. First trunk segment projecting “well beyond base of proboscis, forming a slender neck; body elongate, lateral processes well separated ; ovigera 6-jointed (Anoplodactylus). C. Caudal segment directed upward . Anoplodactylus erectus, p. 289 A”. Chelifori and palpi both absent; ovigera present in the male only (PYCNOGONID#). B. Ovigera g- or 10-jointed (Pycnogonum). C. Ovigera ro-jointed. . . . . . Lycnogonum stearnsi, p. 292 SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION OF SPECIES. PYCNOGONIDA. Family ACHELIDAZ Chelifori present, chelate in larva but not inadult; palpi present; ovigera 10-jointed, present in both sexes. Genus Lecythorhynchus Bohm (’79p). Corniger BOHM, ’79%, p. 186. Trunk rather stout, sutures well defined; lateral processes rather short, well separated. Caudal segment moderately long, pointed upward. Eye tubercle slightly anterior to middle of first segment, pointed. Proboscis comparatively long, approximately cylindrical. Chelifori either 1-jointed (mere knobs) or 2-jointed.1 Palpi long, 9-jointed. Ovigera 10-jointed. Legs moderately long and stout; first tarsal joint very small; second tarsal joint stout, curved ; claw strong; auxiliary claws large. Remarks.—Bohm first named this genus Corniger, but later, finding that name untenable,? changed it to the present one. Besides the species here described, the genus at present includes only the two species recorded by Bohm, both of which came from Japan. 1In Lecythorhynchus armatus Bohm, 2 ‘« Ta die Bezeichnung Corniger indess bereits fiir eine Fischgattung vergeben ist, so mag dieselbe durch Lecythorhynchus ersetzt werden.” —Bohm (’79>). 260 COLE LECYTHORHYNCHUS MARGINATUS sp. nov. 4 | Plate x1, figs. 1-2; plate xv, figs. 1-8. Type.— 4, University of California, No. 19,501, San Pedro Point, California; ¢, University of California, No. 19,502, Dillon’s Beach, California. Trunk rather stout, second segment broadest; sutures well defined ; lateral processes squarish, shorter than breadth of trunk segment; the first pair projecting forward at an angle of about 45°, the second at a lesser angle, third pair projecting somewhat backward, and fourth pair still more so. There is in some cases an indication of a slight chitinous ridge on the mid-dorsal line of the lateral processes. Caudal segment comparatively long, about equal to second joint of palp, nearly vertical, subconical, with a small nodular projection on the an- terior side at the apex; anal opening just posterior to this projection. Eye tubercle small, pointed, placed rather nearer to the bases of the chelifori than to the posterior border of the segment. Eyes dark, com- paratively large, crowded. Proboscis nearly as long as trunk, projecting obliquely downward, sub- cylindrical or elliptical, but constricted in the middle third, thus appearing somewhat swollen both behind and ahead of the middle; tapering gradually in the distal fourth to the rounded extremity. Chelifori short and rudimentary, thumb-like, simple, parallel or nearly so. Palpi arising nearly lateral to the chelifori, overreaching the proboscis by about half its length. Nine-jointed: 7.1 short, square; 7.2 three or four times as long; 7.3 short again like 7.1, lying at middle of proboscis; 7-4 equal to 7.2; 77.5, 6, 7, 8, and g all short and rounded, altogether about equal in length to the two preceding joints; 7.5 slightly projecting. The palpi usually make a zigzag line due to a sharp bending downward at the third joint and a bend forward again at the fifth. There area few small spines on the palpi, especially on the fifth and succeeding joints. Ovigera somewhat different in structure as well as in size in the two sexes. In the male they are about equal in length, when straightened out, to the length of the whole animal. First joint comparatively short and broad; 7.2 about twice as long, more slender; third as long as first, slender like second ; fourth and fifth about equal to second; sixth shorter; seventh small, rounded, armed with a group of small backwardly pointing spines; 77.8, 9, and 1o successively smaller and in line, but 7.8 proceeds from the side of 7.7, thus forming a sharp angle at this place. These joints also have a few very small spines. The appendage as a whole is sigmoid- PYCNOGONIDS 261 ally curved. The ovigera of the female are noticeably smaller than those of the male; the first three joints are somewhat similar, but the fourth is shorter in proportion, and from this point to and including the tenth they decrease more or less regularly in size. The eighth, ninth, and tenth fol- low in line with the seventh, in this way making the terminal part of the appendage straight instead of sharply bent as in the male. With the exception of the spines mentioned on the distal joints in the male, the ovigera of both sexes are practically smooth. The egg-masses are subglobular, fairly compact, and the eggs pro- portionately rather large. Legs somewhat over twice the length of the animal, comparatively rather stout. First coxal joint short; ¢.2 about twice as long as ¢.1, swollen on ventral side in distal third in both sexes, the genital opening being situated on this swelling; ¢.3 little longer than ¢.1; f. about equal in length to the coxal region, distended somewhat by the developing eggs in the female; in the male the so-called agglutinative gland opens on a slight prominence on the dorsal side about a fourth of the distance from the distal end of the femoral joint, this prominence not being present in the female; #1 and 42 about equal in length, slightly shorter than /; #s.t very short, triangular; /s.2 stout, strongly arched; ¢/. falciform, about half as long as #s.2 ; aux. cl. well developed, about half as long as cl, Convex proximal half of the inner (ventral) border of ¢s.2 (the ‘heel’) armed with 5 or 6 strong, somewhat distally curved spines; concave distal half (the ‘sole’) beset with a close row of very small spines; the dorsal border of the same joint bears a series of compara- tively long slender bristles. First tarsal joint armed with 1 or 2 strong and a number of short bristles. Tibial joints with a few scattered short bristles, especially on the dorsal margin; a longer one near the distal end of each joint, while the femoral has 2 or 3 in a similar position. Aside from these the legs are almost smooth, though in some cases there are scattered hairs, especially on the basal joints. Along the mid-dorsal line of ¢.1, and sometimes extending on to the basal part of ¢.2, is a chitinous ridge (‘ Chitinleiste,’ Bohm, ’794, p. 188). Integument moderately thick, with numerous cavities; mostly smooth, but with scattered microscopic bristles. Length of 9: body 3 mm., proboscis 1.3 mm., caudal segment 0.4 mm., extent 20mm. Male slightly smaller and more slender. This species has been found in three localities on the California coast, as shown in the accompanying table. Its range is undoubtedly more extensive than this, and it is not unlikely that it will be found in north- ern California and south to San Diego. 262 COLE SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot.} Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. eee eee | ee _ | Io San Pedro Pt., San Mateo Co., Calif. es Sept. 2, 1895 Univ. of Calif. 18 | Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. 1Q Dec. 29, 1898 nite oe 20 Dillon’s Beach, Sonoma Co., Calif. OS) Nov. 26, 1898 Une RIOT “Ab Remarks.—This species in a general way resembles Z. hilgendorft Bohm, but may readily be distinguished from that species by the differ- ently shaped proboscis, its length, absolute and relative to the palpi, the restriction of the chitinous ridges, which in that species extend to the ends of the legs, and, judging by Bohm’s figures (BOhm, ’79%, pl. 11, fig. 3d), by the differently shaped and armed second tarsal joint, as well as by other marked differences. The structure of the ovigera in the male as compared with those in the female is worthy of notice, the more complicated bending and the arma- ture in the former being well adapted to keeping the egg-masses from slip- ping off. One of the males examined (collected on November 26) had a single egg-mass on one of this ovigera, while another specimen (collected September 2) was carrying eight rather bulky globules. As mentioned above, the females are somewhat stouter than the males, and in a specimen collected on December 29 large ova were to be seen in the second and third coxal and femoral joints. Genus Ammothea Leach (’14). Achelia HODGE, ’64, p. 114. Trunk short, stout, segmentation usually suppressed ; lateral processes closely crowded, making the body appear more or less disciform; first segment massive, with square frontal part. Caudal segment not sepa- rated from last trunk segment by a suture, narrow cylindric, usually horizontal. Eye tubercle near to the front of the first segment, strongly protuberant, with distinct eyes. Proboscis directed obliquely downward, constricted at the base, fusiform, often with an annular con- striction near the distal end. Chelifori in fully developed specimens very small, 2-jointed, second joint globose. The chelifori are chelate in immature specimens. Palpi 8-jointed; 7.1 and 7.3 short; 7.2 and 7.4 1 The numbers in this column are those given to each lot of specimens of the same species and from the same locality; the original numbers of the collectors, when there were such, are given in the column with the source. PYCNOGONIDS 263 longer. Ovigera relatively short, larger in the male than in the female; without terminal claw, but with a few denticulate spines (rarely absent, of. A. dohrni Thomson, ’84, p. 244). Legs usually rather short, and robust in the female; frequently spinous, usually more so in the male, especially on the basal joints; femoral joint very broad in female, the outer corner more or less projecting in both sexes; second tarsal joint strongly devel- oped, more or less curved, and with a few strong and several weaker spines on the inner margin; terminal claw strong; auxiliary claws usually well developed. Genital openings of female on second coxal joint of all 4 pairs of legs; those of the male at the apex of prominent projections on the corresponding joints of the third and fourth pairs of legs only. eemarks.—The genus Ammothea was first established by Leach to include certain forms having chelate chelifori; later Hodge gave the name Achelia to some very similar Pycnogonids, which had, however, rudimentary 2-jointed chelifori; but Dohrn (’81, p. 134) and others since have shown conclusively that Achelia represents merely the fully developed individuals of Ammothea. Dohrn believes that the following genera—Phanodemus Costa, Pephredo Goodsir, Pasithoé' Goodsir, Endeis Philippi, Paribea Philippi, Platychelus Costa, and Alcinous Costa—should also be considered as synonyms of this genus. It is possible that 4. dongicaudata Stimpson is identical with one of the species described here, and if so it is probably with A. Jatifrons. (See ‘Remarks’ under that species, p. 266.) I have been unable to examine the description of 4. dorealis given by Schimkewitsch (’95) in a paper on the Pycnogonida of the White Sea, in order to compare with it the forms collected in Alaska, so that there remains a possibility that one of these may be the same as that described by him.? Sg AMMOTHEA LATIFRONS pp. nov. Plate x1, fig. 3; plate xvi, figs. 1-9; plate xvut, figs. 1-3. Dype.— 6 and @, University of California, No. 19,503, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Trunk broad, especially anteriorly, each outer corner having an erect conical protuberance armed with a few spines, short, tapering posteriorly in a V-shape, smooth; sutures indistinct anteriorly, obsolete posteriorly ; lateral processes very closely crowded, nearly twice as broad distally, 1Sars (’91, p. 137) considers Pasithoé as probably distinct, and uses it as the type of a family, the Pasithoide, including with it one other genus, Colossendeis. 2 Subsequent comparison with Schimkewitsch’s description shows that 4. dorealis is distinct from the species described in this paper. 264 COLE where there are on the dorsal border three nodular processes, each .1.med with one or more spines. Caudal segment very long and narrow (as long as proboscis), reaching a little beyond the middle of the second coxal joint of the posterior pair of legs; not marked off from trunk by a suture; directed somewhat down- ward; dorsal outline irregular and armed with a number of stout spines. Eye tubercle on the extreme anterior edge of the first trunk segment, moderately high, cylindrical; apex obtusely conical; eyes rather large, near the apex. Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly elliptical, truncated at the extremity; dorsal border more convex than ventral as seen from side; without circular constriction, but with distinct longitudinal ribs. Chelifori considerably over half the length of the proboscis, stout; first joint reaching at least to middle of proboscis; tuberculated on the dorsal side, the tubercles armed with spines; second joint small, spherical, with 1 or 2 spines. The chelifori are not parallel, being bowed outward in the middle. Palpi 8-jointed, overreaching the proboscis by nearly a third of its length; 7.2 and 7.4 long, others short; 7.2 somewhat longer than 7.4, proximal joints sparsely armed with a few rather long bristles; outer side of distal joints densely crowded with somewhat shorter ones. Ovigera considerably different in the two sexes. Oviger-of female about as long as palp; 7.1 short and broad; 7.2 issuing somewhat from the side of 7.1 ; 77.2 and 3 about equal, longer than 7.1; 77.4 and 5 about equal, longest; 77.6 to 10 successively smaller; 7.10 very small, rounded ; J/-7, 8, 9, 10 each armed with two denticulate spines; 77.5 and 6 with a few small bristles. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female; j-t squarish; 7.2 longer than 7.1; both 77.1 and 2 broader than the suc- ceeding joints; 7.3 longer than 7.2; 7.4 and7.5 about equal, longer than 7-3; J/-6 to 10 successively smaller, except 7.9, which is longer than 7.8; j.1o small and furnished with 2 denticulate spines, while 7.9 has at least 1; no denticulate spines could be discerned on the preceding joints. Joints 4 to 7 are armed with short, backwardly projecting spines in rows, while the succeeding joints have only 2 or 3 simple bristles each. ‘Terminal part of the oviger strongly incurved. External egg-masses rather small, globular. So far as observed, but one mass on each oviger. Legs relatively short, rather less than twice the length of the body; ¢.2 not much longer than ¢.1 and ¢.3; ¢.1 with 3 tubercles on its dor- sodistal edge, each armed with spines; f rather shorter than coxal region, PYCNOGONIDS 265 especially broad in the female, where it may equal the width of the pro- boscis; at the dorsodistal border is a long conical protuberance armed with a strong spine which usually projects distally; “41 and #2 equal, stout; all these joints armed more or less densely with moderate spines, which are longer, however, on the dorsal side of 41 and “4.2. First tarsal joint small, subtriangular, with short, even spines; ¢s.2 moderately strong, arcuate, armed dorsally and on the sides with rows of slender spines, and ventrally with 3 strong spines at the heel and a row of very short ones along the sole; c/. about one half #s.2.; aux. cl. well developed, half as long as c7, In the male the genital projection on the ventrodistal side of ¢.2 of the 2 posterior pairs of legs is pronounced and thumb-like, and provided with 1 or 2 slender bristles. As is charac- teristic of the genus, the genital openings of the female are in a corre- sponding position on all 4 pairs of legs, but are not situated on similar protuberances. Length about 4 mm., extent 16 mm.; the two sexes nearly the same size. Immature specimens.—Four immature specimens of this species were examined, two from each locality where the form was taken. They are but little smaller than the adults, which they closely resemble, but are provided with chelate chelifori (pl. xvm, fig. 1), and the ovigera are very short, with indistinct articulations (fig. 2). It is interesting to note that the denticulate spines are already forming in this early stage, in a space beneath the outer cuticle (fig. 3), and at the next moult would probably be free. If any of these specimens were males there was no trace at this stage of the genital protuberances; in fact, the genital openings were not distinguishable at all. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. ———. 1 |St. Paul Island, | 2, 39, 2juv.| 1897 | Prof. Kincaid (123) Pribilofs 4 Dutch Harbor, | 17, 39, 2 juv.|July, 1899] H. A. E. (Prof. W. R. Coe) Unalaska Remarks.—Whereas Ammothea alaskensis may be taken as the repre- sentative of 4. /evis (Hodge) in the Western Hemisphere, 4. Zatifrons more closely approaches those forms grouped about the European species A. echinata (Hodge). It may readily be distinguished from any described species, however, by its very broadly elliptical proboscis and the long, knobby chelifori and caudal segment. This species is about twice the size of A. echinata. 266 COLE The description of Ammothea longicaudata Stimpson (64, p. 159) will apply in most respects to A. /atifrons, but the description is so generic that it would apply almost equally well to a number of other species. Furthermore, Stimpson’s single example was evidently an immature speci- men, and if, as he says, the palpi were g-jointed,! it is not unlikely that it belongs properly in the genus Ammothella. On the whole it seems best to regard it as a distinct species until further material from the region of Puget Sound shall enable us to settle the question. All the specimens of A. /atifrons had a quantity of foreign material entangled in the spines; those in the lot from Dutch Harbor especially were covered with this débris, containing, among other things, small brownish stalked bodies (similar ones are not infrequent on Pycnogonida) and groups of small cases appearing much like egg-cases of some ani- mals, possibly the same as those referred to by Hoek (’814, p. 143). pe a AMMOTHEA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Plate xu, fig. 4; plate xvii, figs. 4-12. Type.— 2 and ¢, University of California, No. 19,505, Orca, Alaska. Trunk short, stout, smooth; sutures very indistinct; first segment square in front, affording a broad attachment for the chelifori and palpi; lateral processes about equal to width of body, larger distally, and closely approximated, so that the body appears nearly circular in outline; a small protuberance with a short spine on the dorsal side of each process near the distal end. Caudal segment long, narrow, somewhat smaller proximally, reaching to about the middle of the first coxal joint of the posterior pair of legs; with 3 or 4 small spines near the apex and a large bristle on the dorsal side. Eye tubercle low, conical; the posterior side more slanting and with more of a ‘hip.’ Eyes large, at about the middle of the tubercle; no noticeable difference in size. Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment, distinctly fusiform in dorsoventral view, strongly convex on dorsal side and more nearly straight on ventral when viewed laterally; with a more or less irregular annular constriction about a fourth of its length from the apex. Chelifori considerably less than half the length of the proboscis; first joint with a considerable triangular projection distally on the dorsal side, terminating in a small bristle; second joint small, globular, arising some- 1‘ Chelate ‘ antennz’ much shorter than the proboscis; their slender lower branch, however, is much longer, nine jointed,not tapering, and with blunt extremity” (oc. cét.). PYCNOGONIDS 267 what from the inner side of the first. Both joints unarmed, except as noted above. Palpi 8-jointed, longer than proboscis: 7.1 short and broad, and apt not to be seen when the animal is viewed from above; 7.2 much longer and more slender, enlarging somewhat distally ; 7.3 short and small; 7.4 about equal to 7.2; 77.5 to 8 small, rounded, rather densely armed on the ventral side with strong bristles; the preceding joints with only 2 or 3 bristles. Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: 7.1 short, broad, longer on inner side; 7.2 longer, arising well down on the outer side of 7.1, triangu- lar, broad at the distal end; 7.3 equals 7.1; 7.4 somewhat longer, about equals 7.2; 7.5 equals 7.4, broader; 77. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are usually turned back on the basal joints so that the appendage forms a simple hook; the diameter gradually decreases from 7.5 to 7.10; 77.6, 7, 8 rounded; 7.9 longer; 7.10 very small and not always very distinctly marked off. The tenth joint is armed with 2 feather-like denticulate spines; there are apparently! 2 also on each/.g and 7.8, while there is at least 1 on 7.7. Joint 9 has a strong, straight, backwardly pointing spine on the dorsal side; on the other distal joints there are a few short, simple spines; the proximal part is unarmed. Oviger of male about twice the size of that of the female; the general form of the joints much the same, except that they are much longer in proportion to the width; arrangement of denticulate spines about as in female; corresponding long spine on back of 7.9; but 77.4 to 8 have quite a number of long slender bristles, which are especially abundant on the outer side of 7.6. There is also a row of some 8 or g short, stout, recurved spines on the side of 7.5, while the proximal joints of the oviger have more of a tendency to be hairy than in the female. Terminal part of oviger strongly incurved. Ova were observed in the femoral joint of the female, but no external egg-masses were found. Legs comparatively rather stout, appearing especially so in the female, where the femoral joint is very broad. First coxal joint short, with a long, slender dorsal protuberance; ¢.2 only a little longer than ¢.1; ¢.3 equals ¢.1; f, 4.1, and 4.2 each about equal in length to coxal region; / has at its dorsodistal corner a conical protuberance with a short spine; és.1 small, triangular; ¢s.2 strongly developed, somewhat arched; heel not prominent, but there are 3 or 4 strong spines at this place; sole with a series of smaller spines, while there is a row of more slender 1The margins of these spines are so delicate and thin that when they chance to lie over or under the appendage on the slide it is exceedingly difficult to distinguish them from ordinary simple spines. — 268 COLE bristles along the dorsal curve; c/. strong, fully half as long as #.2, but slightly curved; aux. cl. well developed, half as long as cZ, Legs of female nearly smooth, a few small bristles, especially on the dorsal side of f, 41, and 42; male considerably more spiny, especially on coxal joints. Length of male about 3 mm., extent about 13 mm.; female slightly smaller. As shown in the following table, the localities at which this species was taken were two—Orca, in Prince William Sound, and Popof Island, in the Shumagin group. Those at Orca were found on Zhwuiaria turgida Clark.! SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. 6 Popof Id., Alaska ie July, 1899 H. A. E. (Prof. Kincaid) (113) 7 Popof Id., Alaska 192 July 8, 1899 | H. A. E. (Prof. W. E. Ritter) 25 | Orca, Alaska Ig’, 19 June, 1899 H. A. E. _ Remarks.—This species resembles Ammothea levis (Hodge) as de- scribed by Sars (’91, p. 124, pl. xu, fig. 2, a-m), especially in lacking the very spiny character of many of the species of the genus. It appears, however, to be distinct from 4. /evis. Among other differences may be noted the following: 4. alaskensis has but one protuberance on the lateral processes, in place of two; the eye tubercle is much smaller, with the eyes of the same size; the proboscis is considerably larger in proportion and of a different shape; the chelifori are not half as long as the proboscis, and the basal joint has a prominent dorsal process; the second joint of the palpi is not shorter than the fourth; the auxiliary claws are much better developed. A. alaskensis is also about twice the size of A. Jevis. No immature specimens of A. a/askensis were found. Rather thickly scattered over the surface of one of the specimens from Orca, and especially on the palpi, was observed a peculiar elliptical diatom, and it was of interest that the same form was found on one of the specimens from Popof Island, some six or seven hundred miles to the westward. Two or three other species of diatoms were also clinging to the latter. The first-mentioned diatom has also been observed on other species of Pycnogonida. . am indebted to Professor C. C, Nutting for the identification of this Hydroid. PYCNOGONIDS 269 Ach Vie GRACILIPES sp. nov. US, VY Plate xu, fig. 5; plate xvi, figs. 1-6. Type.— 4 and 2, University of California, No. 19,5306, Lands End, San Francisco County, California. Trunk rather broad, tapering rather abruptly behind the third lateral processes, smooth, broader anteriorly, where the lateral corners are pro- duced into rounded, unarmed tubercles; sutures indistinct; lateral processes close together, about as long as breadth of trunk, even with second pair, abruptly narrowed in proximal half, and with a small dorsal tubercle at the distal end. Caudal segment moderately long, reaching at least to the end of the first coxal joint of the fourth legs, curved upward, and usually some- what bifid as seen in lateral view; smooth. Eye tubercle short, bluntly conical, and but slightly hipped. Eyes rather large; at base. Proboscis about as long as trunk to base of caudal segment; rather narrow as seen from above and broadest at about the middle; from the side, broadest beyond the middle and more nearly straight on ventral side. Chelifori somewhat less than half the length of the proboscis; scape short and thick, produced into a small dorsal tubercle at the distal end; second joint about half as long as scape, oval. Palpi 8-jointed, but little longer than the proboscis; 77.1 and 3 short; jj.z and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8 short, rounded, bulging somewhat ventrally, where each is armed rather densely with short bristles; first four joints nearly unarmed. Ovigera of female about as long as palpi; 7.1 short, square; 7.2 longer ; j-3 equal to 7.1; 7.4 as long as 7.2, broader distally; 7.5 longest ; 7.6 smaller than 7.7; 77.8 and g successively smaller; 7.10 very minute; 77.7, 8, 9, 10 each provided with a pair of denticulate spines; aside from this the appendage is practically unarmed. Ovigera of male about one and three fourth times as long as that of female; 7.1 short and thick; 7.2 twice as long but of the same diameter; 7.3 still longer, narrower; 7.4 slightly shorter than 7.3 ; 77. 5 and 6 about equal, each about as long as 7.1 ; j-7 projecting somewhat at its outer distal corner; 7.8 small; 7.9 slightly longer; 7.10 minute. The only denticulate spines distinguished were two on 7.10. The third joint and those comprising the terminal part of the oviger have a few scattered bristles along the side of greater curvature, while 7.7 has a clump of 4 or 5 at its distal end. Eggs relatively large (about 0.13 mm. in diameter), in small balls with Ae eee Had f AL, IGS 270 COLE 6 or 8 eggs in a ball; the male may have from 1o to 15 of these masses on each oviger. Legs about twice as long as body, rather slender, especially in the male; ¢.1 with an especially long finger-like projection on its dorsal side, nearly as long as the joint itself; ¢.2 about half again as long as ¢.1; ¢.3 equals ¢c.1; f. broader in the female, with the conical projection and spine characteristic of the genus at its distal end; 4.1 and 4.2 each about equal to 7, outer border uneven and armed with scattering short spines; ¢s.1 nearly unarmed; ¢s.2 large and stout, nearly as long as #.2, well arched, with a few small spines on the dorsal side; heel with 3 rather strong, dis- tally curved spines; a row of short, slender spines along the sole beyond it; cZ. stout and but little curved, half as long as ¢s.2; aux. cl. well devel- oped, half as long as c/, Except as mentioned, the leg is almost free of armature; there are a few short spines on ¢.2 and ¢.3. Length 1.5 mm. to 2 mm.; extent about 8 mm. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. ee g | Lands End, San PE BS) Feb. 8, 1899 Univ. of Calif. Francisco Co., Calif. 12 | Oakland Creek, Calif. | 24, 20 juv. March, 1899 Univ. of Calif. Remarks.—The present species of Ammothea was much the smallest representative of the genus in the collections. In size it compares with A. echinata of Europe. This species is described from the 3 speci- mens from Lands End (Lot g); the specimens from Oakland Creek (Lot 12) differ slightly from these, but with the material at hand it did not seem advisable to separate them as a subspecies. The process on the first coxal joint is not so long, while the chelifori and caudal seg- ments are apparently a little longer in proportion. With Lot 12 there are 20 immature specimens in various stages of development, and all with chelate chelifori. There were two species of Hydroids in the bottle with Lot 12, among which the Pycnogonids were probably collected. These were identified by Professor Nutting, one as Odelia dichotoma, the other as Odelia gela- tinosa or a Closely epg species. Ache tea PRIBILOFENSIS sp. nov. 4: Plate x11, fig. 6; plate xviu, figs. 7 and 8; plate xrx, figs. 1-8. Lype.— $ and ¢, University of California, No. 19,507, St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Trunk broad, not markedly tapering posteriorly, unarmed; antero- PYCNOGONIDS 270 lateral corners produced, rounded, smooth; sutures indistinct; lateral processes crowded, about as long as breadth of trunk in median part, much broader distally, where they have on the dorsal border two small tubercles which bear a few short bristles. On the first lateral process one of these tubercles is usually much reduced (pl. xrx, fig. 2). Caudal segment moderately long, reaching to the posterior border of the first coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs, narrow, curved slightly upward, and continued more or less into an upward projection at the tip; possessing a few minute bristles. Eye tubercle slightly back from the anterior margin of the first trunk segment, moderately high, sharply pointed, nearly straight on the ante- rior border, sloping and with a slight hip posteriorly. Eyes dark; at the base of the tubercle. Proboscis large, equal in length to femoral joint of leg, broadly cla- vate, truncate at the apex, usually bent far over so as to be directed downward ; roughly triangular in section, thus appearing from the side much more convex on the dorsal border. Without circular constriction. Chelifori barely one third as long as proboscis; scape short and com- paratively thick, produced dorsally at the distal end into a considerable projection; second joint nearly half as long as first, elliptical. The cheliforus is unarmed except for a few very short bristles at the end of the scape. Palpi 8-jointed; when fully extended distal 4 joints reaching beyond the proboscis; 77.1 and 3 short; 77.2 and 4 long, equal; 77.5, 6, 7, 8 short, the first three of these triangular, being much broader at the distal end, the next distal joint in each case articulating at the dorsal side, thus leaving a rounded projection below, which is bristly with short spines; 7-8 elliptical, similarly armed. Joints 2 and 3 have a few rather stout bristles at their distal ends, and a row of similar bristles extends along the dorsal side of 7.4. Ovigera of female about as long as palpi: 7.1 short and broad; 7.3 short; 77.2, 4, and 5 longer and broader than 7.3; 77. 6 to 10 gradually diminishing in size; 77.7 to 10, at least, with two denticulate spines each; appendage otherwise unarmed except for a few scattered minute spines. Oviger of male nearly twice as long as that of female; 7.1 short, broad; 7.2 two or three times as long, also broad; 77.3 and 4 somewhat longer than 7.2, but more slender; 7.5 nearly as long as 7.4, broader again; 7.6 shorter, about as broad as 7.5; 77.7 to 10 decrease gradually in size and diameter, except that 7.9 is longer than 7.8. Denticulate spines, two in number, were observed only on 7.10, The terminal part of the oviger is turned sharply inward and curved back upon itself. Pe reer ene” dy Had peth, 1992 272 COLE Joints 3 to 8 are provided, mostly on the outer curve, with rather long, closely set bristles, which tend to turn backward for the most part, ex- cept on 7.3. Eggs carried by the male in numerous small pear-shaped masses, which are attached to the ovigera by short thread-like stalks. One male may carry between 30 and 4o of these masses, in each of which there are relatively few eggs. Legs about twice as long as body: ¢.1 short, square, provided on the dorsodistal border with a strong median protuberance which has on each side of it a smaller projection bearing a few short bristles and forming the outer corners of the joint (pl. x1x, fig. 2); ¢.2 nearly twice as long as¢.1, bearing in the male on the third and fourth legs, in the usual position, a long thumb-like genital projection, about half as long as the joint from which it arises, considerably broader distally than proximally, and rather thickly beset with long slender bristles; ¢.3 shorter again. Femoral joint about equal to coxal region, of the usual shape, much broader in the female and with a rounded protuberance distally on the dorsal edge; 41 and 42 about equal to each other and to f in length, but of smaller diameter than the last; ¢s.1 small, triangular, rounded below; 4s.2 stout, over half as long as 4.2, rather strongly arcuate; heel hardly differentiated, but there are 3 rather strong, distally curved spines at this point; sole armed with comparatively long, thickly set bristles which extend back on to the heel (fig. 5). Claw about half as long as ¢s.2, but slightly curved; aux. c/. well developed, half aslong asc. All the joints beyond ¢.1 beset with more or less scattered short bristles; these are consider- ably longer and thickly crowded on the ventral side of ¢3 and the proximal end of f. Length 6 mm. to 7 mm., extent fully 30 mm.; the two sexes about the same size. Color in alcohol yellow to dark brown. Integument thick; cuticular cavities large and numerous. Immature specimen.—There was with Lot 2 one immature specimen, about two thirds the size of the adult animals, and with chelate chelifori; the chelz rather stout and strongly forcipate (fig. 3). The ovigera were small and undeveloped. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. @— 2] St. Paul Island, | 24,392, 1juv. |Aug.10, 1897| Prof. Kincaid Pribilofs (121) 23} St. Paul Island, If 1897 Prof. Kincaid Pribilofs (123) PYCNOGONIDS be Remarks,—As shown in the table above, this remarkably large repre- sentative of the genus Ammothea has been found only at St. Paul Island, presumably in shallow water. Besides by its large size, it may be dis- tinguished by its relatively very large and peculiarly shaped proboscis, the nearest approach to which would seem to be found in this genus in 4. magniceps Thomson (’84, p. 244, pl. xv, figs. 1-5, and pl. xvi, fig. 3). Genus Ammothella (Verrill). Ammothea (in part). Ammothella (subgenus) VERRILL, :00, p. 581. Similar in most respects to Ammothea, from which it differs principally in the fact that the trunk is usually proportionately broader and dis- tinctly segmented, the chelifori 3-jointed,! and the palpi 9-jointed (some- times 10-jointed?), while the femoral joint lacks the projection at its distal and always present in Ammothea proper. Remarks.—Dohrn (’81) described three species of Pycnogonida from the vicinity of Naples which present the characters outlined above, but he included them all in the genus Ammothea. Recently Verrill (00, p. 581) has reported a species from the Bermudas which is very insufficiently described, but which agrees with the forms reported by Dohrn except that, according to Verrill, the Bermuda specimen has 1o-jointed palpi. Verrill named his specimen “* Ammothea (?) rugulosa,” and, evidently be- cause it differed from typical Ammothea in the number of joints in the palpi, made a new subgenus for it which he called Ammothella. From a study of the specimens described in this paper I believe that they, to- gether with Verrill’s species and the three species 4. afpendiculata, A. uni-unguiculata and A. bi-unguiculata of Dohrn may properly be put into a genus distinct from the restricted Ammothea, and to this I give the name Ammothella proposed as a subgeneric name by Verrill. AMMOTHELLA TUBERCULATA pp. nov. Plate x11, fig. 7; plate xx, figs. 1-6. Type.— Q, University of California, No. 19,508, Northern California. Trunk broad, elliptical, segmentation clearly marked; anterior corners produced into short rounded tubercles; the first, second, and third seg- ments each with a conical tubercle dorsally near its posterior border (this was lacking on the third segment in one of the specimens, Lot 22), anterior of these tallest, decreasing in height posteriorly; lateral processes short, only half as long as breadth of trunk, closely crowded, somewhat broader 1Dohrn (’81, p. 154) considers the chelifori 2-jointed and explains the 3-jointed appearance by saying: ‘‘ Sie ist auf weit ausgezogenen Basalstiicken eingelenkt.” 274 COLE distally, where the dorsal corners are continued into 2 short, knob-like processes. Caudal segment moderately long, curved slightly upward, reaching slightly past the middle of the second coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs ; narrow, swollen distally, slightly bifid at the apex as seen from above; armed with a few short bristles and a longer one on the dorsal side. Eye tubercle moderate, taller than the dorsal tubercles, bluntly rounded. Eyes of good size; near the apex. Proboscis equals trunk to base of caudal segment, broadly ovate, some- what narrower in side view. Chelifori over half as long as proboscis; second joint about equal to first, clavate, with a number of short bristles at its distal end; third joint short, less than half as long as second, subchelate, the somewhat triangular pieces representing the fingers of the chela probably being the rudiments of those organs in the larva. The third joint has one short spine. Palpi g-jointed; when ‘fully extended but little longer than the pro- boscis, about 3 joints reaching beyond its tip; 77.1 and 3 short; 77.2 and 4 longer; 7.2 somewhat longer than 7.4; 77.5 to 9 short and decreas- ing gradually in size, subtriangular, being bulged ventrally toward their distal ends, and here armed with numerous short bristles. The fourth joint has scattered similar bristles; the remaining (basal) joints practically unarmed. ; Ovigera of the female equal to the palpi in length; 7.1 short; 7.2 longer; J-3 shorter again; 77.4 and 5 longest, each about equal to 7.1+/7.2; 77.6, 7, and 8 successively smaller; 7.9 larger again, about equal to 7.7; 7.10 very small, and armed with 2 denticulate spines, as is also the case with j-9 and7.8. Aside from this the appendage is almost unarmed, except for 3 or 4 short curved spines on 7.6. Legs stout, somewhat less than twice as long as body; c.1 short, square, with a short rounded protuberance dorsally; ¢c.2 longer, consid- erably narrower at proximal end, where it joins c.1, somewhat bulged dis- tally below; ¢.3 equals ¢.1 ; f£ comparatively short and broad, without the thumb-like protuberance at the distal end usual in Ammothea, but with several bristles at this point and scattered along its dorsal border; shorter than coxal region; #1 and ¢.2 each about equal to f, both with more or less wavy dorsal borders, where they have a row of bristles of irregular size; 75.1 not unusual, armed with a few small bristles, especially ven- trally; ¢s.2 equals about four fifths of #2, rather stout, but slightly arcu- ate; with a row of small bristles dorsally, 3 stout spines on the heel, and a row of short slender spines along the sole. Claw half as long as 45.2, rather strongly curved; aux. c/. about half as long as c/. ee PYCNOGONIDS 275 Length of female 1.8 mm., extent about 9.5 mm. Color in alcohol light yellowish. General appearance clean and smooth, SPECIMENS EXAMINED. EE EE ede a Le Lot. ‘Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. 22 |‘‘ Northern California ”’ 12 1893 Dr. S. J. Holmes 27 | Dillon’s Beach, Sono- mayo: Calif. 19 Noy. 26, 1898 | Univ. of Calif. Remarks.—Both of the specimens at hand were females; in one ova could be distinguished in the second and third coxal and femoral joints of the legs, while in the other the character of the ovigera and the fact that genital openings could be plainly distinguished in the usual place on all four pairs of legs left no doubt of its sex. AMMOTHELLA SPINIFERA sp. nov. Plate xu, fig. 8; plate xx, figs. 7-9; plate xx1, figs. 1-6. Dype.— 2, University of California, No. 19,509, San Diego, California. Trunk broad, not especially tapering, the outer anterior corners with- out prominent protuberances; segmentation distinct; 1 or 2 short spines at the base of the eye tubercle, and a longer one on each side of the mid-dorsal line on the posterior border of the first and second segments. Lateral processes well separated, comparatively short, about half as long as breadth of body at second segment, somewhat swollen distally, with a short spine dorsodistally and usually one to each side on the distal border. Caudal segment long, slender, about equal to first 2 trunk segments, projecting upward at an angle of about 45°, slightly arched; armed with several slender spines, those on the dorsal border especially long. Eye tubercle narrow, high, erect; about two thirds as long as caudal segment, with a sharp angle or hip on each side as seen in antero-poste- rior profile; eyes large, dark, situated at the tip of the tubercle. Proboscis about as long as trunk, rather broadly fusiform, as broad as trunk between the first and second lateral processes. Chelifori long, reaching to within a short distance of the tip of the proboscis; first joint nearly as long as second; second joint clavate; both this and the first armed with a few short spines. Terminal joint small, rounded, bituberculate, showing evidence of its former chelate condition; armed with 1 or 2 short spines. Palpi g-jointed, fully half again as long as proboscis: 77.1 and 3 short; 276 COLE jj.2 and 4 longer, 7.4 being longer than 7.2; 7.5 longer than 7.3, about half as long as 7.2; 7.6 longer than 7.5, fully half as long as 7.4; 7.7 small, shorter than 7.5; 7.8 slightly longer than 7.7 ; 7.9 longer than 7.8; 77.5, 6, 7, 8 somewhat clavate, the succeeding joint being in each case articu- lated at the dorsal side of the broad distal end of the joint preceding it. The palp is armed with short, rather stout spines, especially along the ventral side of the distal 5 joints. Oviger of female measures somewhat less than fully extended palp: 7.1 short; 7.2 considerably longer; 7.3 slightly longer than 7.1; 7.4 longest, about twice as long as 7.3; 7.5 shorter again; 7.6 still shorter; 7.7 longer than 7.6 but shorter than 7.5; 7.8 about equal to 7.6; 7.9 about equal to J-7j 7-10 very small, rounded. Joint ro has two rather large denticulate spines, 7.9 at least one, and 7.8 two smaller ones; besides this the terminal joints of the oviger may bear 1 or 2 short simple spines, while the re- mainder of the appendage is unarmed. Legs about twice as long as body; c¢.1 short, armed distally with 1 to 3 or 4 short, stout spines; ¢c.2 about twice as long as ¢.1, considerably broader distally; ¢.3 about as large as ¢.2; f. about as long as coxal region, but little broader than ¢.3, and without a projection dorsodistally ; t.1 equals f; 4.2 somewhat longer; both with a more or less irregular wavy dorsal margin; ¢s.1 rather long in proportion to its breadth, termi- nating dorsally in a well-marked ‘lappet’; ¢s.2 somewhat less than half as long and nearly as broad as ¢.2, of about the same width throughout, and slightly arcuate; armed dorsally with 5 or 6 long slender spines and several shorter ones; heel with 3 short stout spines which project slightly distally ; sole with a comb-like series of much shorter spines; c/. less than half as long as ¢s.2, the dorsal surface curved about evenly, the ventral straight proximally and curved near the tip; aux. cd. over half as long as c/., slender. Length 1.8 mm., extent about 8 mm. Specimens of a dark brownish color, due chiefly to adhering dirt; light brown when this is removed. Integument thin and cuticular cavities scattered. Immature specimen nearly as large as adults, more slender; chelifori chelate (pl. xx1, fig. 4); chele slender, strongly curved, crossing one another at tip; ovigera short, not fully developed. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date Source. 14 | San Diego, Calif.} 29, 1 juv. July 8, 1895 Dr. S. J. Holmes (236) PYCNOGONIDS 277 Remarks.—The 3-jointed chelifori, the g-jointed palpi, and the absence of a marked protuberance on the dorsodistal extremity of the femoral joint clearly relate this form to 4. ¢uderculata, and to those forms which I have placed with it in the genus Ammothella, viz., three species from the Gulf of Naples (see ‘ Remarks,’ p. 273). The two mature specimens of this lot were both females with ova in various stages of development in the second and third coxal and femoral joints of the legs. The species is well characterized by the long eye tubercle and the longer, spiny, elevated, and curved caudal segment, the spines on the dorsal surface of the body, and the long, slender spines of the legs. Genus Tanystylum Miers (’79). Trunk broad; lateral processes comparatively short and closely crowded, making the body disciform; segmentation suppressed. Cheli- fori usually mere 1-jointed knobs; sometimes 2-jointed; chelate in immature specimens. Palpi with 6 or 7 joints; first and third joints short, second and fourth longer. Femoral joint of legs of female con- siderably swollen. Openings of oviducts in usual position on all four legs. Openings of the genital ducts of the male not upon genital pro- tuberances. Remarks.—The genus Zanysty/um is undoubtedly very closely related to Ammothea, but differs in several important respects. I was at first inclined to include C/ofenia with this genus, as Schimkewitsch has done (Schimkewitsch, ’89), but in view of the highly concentrated body,! closely approximated eye tubercle and caudal segment, 4-jointed palpi, and male genital openings in the second as well as the third and fourth pairs of legs, I think it may well be left, for the present at least, as a separate genus. The species which I have here called Zanystylum intermedium differs from previously described species of the genus in having 2-jointed che- lifori, and from all but Z: chierchie Schimkewitsch (’89, p. 333) in having 7-jointed palpi instead of 6-jointed. It is, however, so similar in other respects that a separation into another genus does not seem justifiable. Discoarachne brevipes Hoek (?814, p. 74) is undoubtedly very closely related to the forms under discussion, and perhaps should be classed as a species of Zanystylum, 1Dohrn (’81, p. 162) well says: ‘‘ Dieses Thier [Clotenia conirostris] hat die bei weitem concentrirteste Gestalt aller Pantopoden, die ich kenne.” 278 COLE TANYSTYLUM INTERMEDIUM pp. nov. Plate xx1, figs. 7-9; plate xx1I, figs. 1-7; plate xxu1I, figs. 1-3. Type.— Sand ¢, University of California, No. 19,510, San Diego, California. Trunk broad, segmentation not evident; the anterior border with the outer corners each produced into a prominent tubercle which bears a spine. Lateral processes not so long as width of body, wedge-shaped and closely crowded, the outline of their outer borders, together with the anterior border of the trunk, making a complete circle; first, second, and third pairs with a dorsal tubercle near the distal end, shorter and rounded in the female, longer, more pointed, and terminated by a short bristle in the male. Caudal segment moderate, reaching to about the middle of the second coxal joint of the fourth pair of legs; rather narrow, about half as broad as basal joint of leg; diameter somewhat larger distally than proximally as seen from above; directed obliquely upward at less than 45°; smooth, apex rounded. Eye tubercle moderate, rather thick, blunt; situated at the extreme anterior end of the first trunk segment and directed forward at about the same angle that the caudal segment projects backward. Eyes rather large, dark; posterior pair apparently the larger. Proboscis pyriform, being widest a third of its length from the base and tapering to a more or less truncated tip; usually directed somewhat downward; about as long as trunk from its anterior border to the distal end of the fourth pair of lateral processes. In side view nearly straight on ventral side; dorsal side strongly convex. Chelifori 2-jointed, very short, about one fourth as long as proboscis ; first joint about twice as long as broad, slightly curved, with a small tubercle and a short spine near the distal end; second joint very small, rounded, divided into two parts by a groove, showing the former presence of chelz. The second joint also bears a short spine. Palpi 7-jointed, rather stout, slightly overreaching the proboscis (by the terminal joint). First and third joints short; 7.2 and 7.4 longer, 7.2 longer than 7.4; 77.5, 6, and 7 successively smaller. These 3 joints with a considerable number of short bristles or hairs; other joints with a few scattered ones, 7.2 having a somewhat stronger one on its outer distal corner. Oviger of female slender, about equal in length to the palp. First 3 joints short and of about the same length; 77.4 and 5 longest; the suc- PYCNOGONIDS 279 ceeding joints smaller (not successively); 7.10 very small. The tenth joint is armed with two rather long, curved, denticulate (?) spines; the I or 2 spines on the preceding joints appear to be simple. Oviger of the male about half as long again as that of the female; proportionate size of joints nearly the same, but 77.8, 9, and 10 turn inward (or downward if the appendage is carried in a horizontal position, as in fig. 7, pl. xx) upon 7.7, and the preceding joints at nearly a right angle. The joints of the terminal part of the oviger are armed with a few short, slender, simple ' spines. Legs about twice as long as body: ¢.1 short, with a spine-bearing process on each of the distal dorsolateral corners; the male with an additional similar projection on the mid-dorsal line between these. The tubercles are also longer and sharper in the male. Second coxal joint a little longer than ¢c.1, broader distally; ¢.3 shorter again; f equal in length to coxal region, gradually increasing in breadth distally, where it ends in a triangular projection terminated by a short, stout spine; f. of female swollen, broadest in middle; 41 and #2 each about equal to f, rather slender, armed on the dorsal border with 2 or 3 long, slender bristles and a few shorter ones; ventral border of 42 with a regular series of short, slender spines. First tarsal joint about as long as broad, convex ventrally, where it bears several fine bristles; with a well-marked ‘lappet’ dorsally. Second tarsal joint long and slender, at least five times as long as broad, nearly straight; dorsal surface with a series of spines, 2 or 3 of which are especially long and slender (about like those on 41 and ¢#.2); the others shorter; no distinct heel; the ventral surface furnished with a more or less regular row of about ro short spines. In addi- tion to what has been mentioned, the several joints of the leg have scat- tered short hairs or slender spines. Claw comparatively rather short, hardly half as long as #2, falciform; aux. cl. slender, half as long as c/. Length about 1.3 mm., extent slightly over 5 mm. The two sexes of ' about equal size. Immature specimen.—The one immature specimen examined was about three fourths the size of the adults and more slender; otherwise it much resembled the female, especially in the character of its tubercular pro- jections and spines. It had, however, chelate chelifori, the chele being large and strong. SPECIMENS EXAMINED, Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. 26 | San Diego, Calif. LO; July 8, 1895 | Dr. S. J. Holmes 29 | San Diego, Calif.|1g', 19,1 juv.| July 8, 1895 | Dr. S. J. Holmes (236) 280 COLE Remarks.—There is considerable difference between male and female in these lots with regard to the character and number of spine-bearing pro- jections, but they are so similar in other respects that I think there can be very little doubt about their being the same species. No egg-masses were found upon the ovigera of the male, but ova of various sizes could be seen in the third coxal and femoral joints of the legs of the females. The peculiar structure of the ovigera of the male, the last three joints being articulated to the seventh at an angle, reminds one of the somewhat similar condition in the male of Discoarachne (cf. Cole, : 01, Taf. 13, fig. 4), and strongly suggests the close relationship, and probable synonymy, of these two genera. The character of the spines on the ovigera could not be well made out; at a medium magnification they appeared to be simple, but with a yz oil immersion objective the two on the tenth joint of the female showed fine lines indicating a denticulate margin. On the ninth joint of the same leg was a peculiar, flat, double-notched spine, shown in figure 3, plate xx1II. The single female specimen of Lot 26 was almost completely covered with small stalked protozoa (Vaginicoline). Genus Clotenia Dohrn (’81). Trunk very short and broad, the lateral processes short and closely crowded, so that the body is concentrated and disciform; trunk seg- mentation suppressed. Eye tubercle set well back on first trunk segment ; caudal segment well forward and pointed upward, so that the distance between it and the eye tubercle is short. Chelifori 1-jointed; palpi 4- jointed; ovigera present in both sexes, 1o-jointed. Legs rather stout; openings of the male genital ducts in the usual position on the second, third, and fourth pairs of legs (Dohrn); without genital protuberances. Remarks.—The greatly concentrated body, with the consequent near- ness of the caudal segment to the eye tubercle, which is set well back, and the 4-jointed palpi, would seem to be sufficient to distinguish this genus, though it is certainly very closely related to Zanystylum. Dohrn makes a strong point of the fact that the genital openings of the male occur on the three posterior pairs of legs. Although there can be no doubt of the close affinity of the specimen from California to Dohrn’s: Clotenia conirostris, 1 was unable to confirm this point. The openings could be seen on the third and fourth pairs of legs, but on the second pair I was unable to find them. PYCNOGONIDS 281 CLOTENIA OCCIDENTALIS sp. nov. Plate x11, fig. 9; plate xxu11, figs. 4-8. Type.— 8, University of California, No. 19,511, Pacific Grove, Calif. Trunk unsegmented, smooth, short, and broad, especially in front; an- terior outer corners rounded, without projecting knobs. Lateral processes short and very closely crowded, the lines between them radiating toward a common point slightly anterior to the caudal segment. Caudal segment well forward, rather short, thick, bluntly conical, directed obliquely upward, armed on the dorsal surface with 2 or 3 short stiff spines. Eye tubercle situated on the middle of the first trunk segment; about two thirds as high as caudal segment; conical, nearly straight and vertical anteriorly ; sloping behind; thus giving, with the anteriorly directed face of the caudal segment and the dorsal part of the trunk segments between a saddle-shaped outline when seen from the side. The posterior, sloping, face of the eye tubercle is notched, or ‘hipped,’ just above the eyes, the portion above being a smaller cone set upon the anterior part of the larger truncated basalcone. Eyes close together. Proboscis short and thick, barely twice as long as broad, directed straight forward, cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the apex. Chelifori short, knob-like, connected at the base; armed distally with 2 or 3 short spines. Palpi 4-jointed, not reaching to end of proboscis; nearly straight. Joints 1, 3, and 4 short; 7.2 long, half as long as the entire appendage, considerably larger at its proximal end than distally; 7.4 with several short stout spines distally ; 77.2 and 3 each with 2 or 3 smaller ones. Oviger of male about three and a half times as long as palp. First joint short, thick; 7.2 longer and more slender; 7.3 equal in length to 7.1; 77.4 and 5 each about equal to, or slightly longer than, 7.2; 7.6 about as long as 7.3; 7.7 considerably smaller, coming off somewhat from the side of 7.6 ; 77.8 and g slightly smaller than 7.7; 7.10 a very small rounded knob. The terminal part of the appendage bears a few scattered weak spines, besides 2 longer, stouter, divergent ones on 7.10. Legs comparatively stout, anterior pair somewhat over twice as long as body (measured from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth pair of lateral processes); posterior legs noticeably shorter than anterior pairs. Coxal joints all short and of about equal length; ¢.1 with a more or less irregular projection distally on its anterior side, which is armed with a few short spines. Femoral joint stout, somewhat shorter than 282 COLE coxal region; broader distally, where it is produced dorsally into a blunt angle armed with 1 to 2 or 3 short spines rather stouter than the others. Tibial joints both stout and about equal to f in length; dorsally each has 3 swellings, one at either end and one in the middle, and the short spines are grouped in small clumps of 3 or 4 on these swellings. First tarsal joint very short and broad, armed ventrally with 1 stout spine and 2 or 3 smaller ones; ¢s.2 nearly as long as 7.2, stout, broader proximally than distally, and moderately arched; armed dorsally with an irregular series of short bristles; the heel bears 3 stout spines, the sole a series of small ones. Claw fully half as long as ¢s.2, strong, evenly tapering, and curved; aux. cl. well developed, about half as long as ¢/., rather straight. Besides the armature mentioned, there are short stiff spines scattered sparsely over all the joints of the leg. The following measurements are approximate: length (in this case from tip of proboscis to distal border of fourth lateral processes) 1.3 mm. ; extent 7 mm.; length of palp 0.45 mm.; length of oviger 1.5 mm. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Source. ———————— SS Univ. of Calif. No. of specimens. Lot. Locality. | 16 | Pacific Grove, Calif. Dec. 30, 1896 Remarks.—This species was, unfortunately, represented by only a single specimen, which, however, is distinct from C. conirostris Dohrn, as may be seen by the blunt, cylindrical proboscis, the shorter, more rounded caudal segment, the processes on the anterior sides of the first coxal joints, and other details. Each of the ovigera carried a small irregular rounded egg-mass con- taining probably 50 to 60 eggs. The ovigera were thrust through the masses eccentrically, so that the bulk of the mass lay to one side. Family PHOXICH/ILIDIIDA. Chelifori present, chelate; palpi absent; ovigera present in the male only, 5- or 6-jointed. Genus Phoxichilidium Milne Edwards (’40, p. 535). Orithyia JOHNSTON (’37, p. 368). Trunk slender, cylindrical; lateral processes well separated. Neck short, i.e., first trunk segment projects but little if at all beyond base of proboscis; emarginate between bases of chelifori. Proboscis compara- tively short, cylindrical. Eye tubercle small, subconical. Caudal seg- PYCNOGONIDS 283 ment simple, pointing upward. Chelifori well developed; chelx strong and curved. Ovigera 5-jointed, sigmoid; third joint with a constric- tion at about one third or less of its length; last joint nearly as large as fourth, armed with a few (one or more) rows of unguiform spines. Légs slender; ¢s.1 small; ¢s.2 well developed and armed at base with distally curved spines; ¢/. strong; aux. cl. distinct. Genital openings on second coxal joints of all the legs. Remarks.—This genus has been made to include rather diverse forms, many of which, as stated by Sars, probably belong even to other families. Wilson (’78#) removed from these into the genus Axoplodactylus those forms in which the first trunk segment projects considerably beyond the base of the proboscis, and which have 6-jointed ovigera. I accept the genus Phoxichilidium as restricted by Sars (’91), “ principally character- ized by the cephalic segment not projecting anteriorly beyond the base of the proboscis, the comparatively well-developed chelifori, and the structure of the false legs in the male,” i.e., 5-jointed, with the last joint comparatively large. Sarsconcludes that but three species of the genus can be recognized with certainty, viz., 24. femoratum (Rathke), Ph. robustum Dohrn, and /%. minor Wilson. He considers the form de- scribed by Stimpson (’54) from the eastern coast of North America to be identical with %. femoratum of Europe; but Wilson (’78>), in his description of Ph. minor, says (p. 14): “ This species is closely similar to P. maxillare, of which it may be a dwarf variety”; and in a later paper (’80, p. 481) he adds that since the publication of the first paper “a much larger series of specimens has been obtained, which shows con- clusively that the two forms cannot be separated, though extreme forms appear very unlike.” Thus if 7%. maxillare is a synonym of Ph. femo- ratum it leaves but two species, 4%. femoratum and Lh. robustum, to be referred to this genus. PHOXICHILIDIUM FEMORATUM (Rathke). Plate x11, fig. 10; plate xxiv, figs. 1-5. Nymphon femoratum RATHKE, 1799, p. 201. Orithyta coccinea JOHNSTON, '37, p. 378, pl. XII, figs. 4-6. Phoxichilidium coccineum MILNE EDWARDS, ’49, p. 536. Phoxichilidium coccineum GOODSIR, ’44, p. 2, pl. I, figs. 6-8. ? Phoxichilidium globosum GOODSIR, '42, p. 136, pl. ILI, fig. I. Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, ’45, p. 122. Phoxichilidium femoratum KROYER, ’49, pl. XXXVIII, fig. 2, a-g. ? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, ‘77, p. 6, Tab. Xv, figs. 8-10. ? Phoxichilidium femoratum HOEK, ’81>, p. 512, pl. XXVI, figs. 18-21; pl. XXVII, fig. 19. Phoxichilidium femoratum HANSEN, ’84, p. 650. 284 COLE Phoxichilidium femoratum HANSEN, ’85, Tab. VII, fig. 21. Phoxichilidium femoratum G. O. SARS, 788, No. 4. Phoxichilidium Jemoratum G. O. SARS, ’91, pp. 21-24, pl. IL, fig. 1, a-g. Phoxichilidium maxillare STIMPSON, '54, p. 37. Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, ’78>, pp. 12, 13, pl. IV, figs. 1a—re. Phoxichilidium maxillare WILSON, '80, pp. 480, 481, pl. Ill, figs. 12-15. Phoxichilidium minor WILSON, '78», pp. 13, 14, pl. IV, figs. 2a—2f. Trunk cylindrical, tapering somewhat posteriorly ; sutures well defined. Lateral processes about as long as width of trunk, well separated; except last pair, issuing from the middle of their respective trunk segments. First trunk segment longer than succeeding ones. , Caudal segment comparatively small, oval or oblong, unarmed. Eye tubercle situated ahead of middle of first trunk segment, small, obtusely conical, the 4 eyes nearer the base; the posterior pair lower than the anterior. Proboscis about the length of the first and second trunk segments together; cylindrical or somewhat clavate, being larger distally ; obtusely truncate, with a circular constriction near the distal end. It .arises somewhat ventrally from the first trunk segment; the ventral border starts obliquely downward, but soon bends forward at an obtuse angle. Chelifori comparatively powerful, considerably longer than proboscis. Scape cylindrical or somewhat claviform; chela movably connected to it, usually carried somewhat downward, so as to overhang the proboscis ; oval, smooth. Fingers powerful, about as long as palm; strongly curved, leaving an open space between, even when closed; the movable finger the longer and overlapping the other without crossing. Ovigera strong, about equal in length to the body. First joint short, about one and a half times as long as broad; 7.2 of smaller diameter, somewhat less than twice as long as first, and about equal to fourth; 7.3 longest, two and a half times 7.1, curved slightly dorsalward, with a de- cided constriction at about one fourth of its length from the proximal end; 7.4 curved ventrally; 7.5 large, nearly as long as 7.4, broad, com- pressed, arcuate, the appendage as a whole forming a sigmoid curve. On the basal half of the inner margin of this joint there are 3 closely set unguiform spines, while at either side occurs a set of feebler ones; other joints sparingly beset with exceedingly small, simple spiniform bristles. Legs comparatively robust, two and one half to three times the length of the animal, smooth, except for microscopically minute spines. First coxal joint short, nearly square; ¢.2 more than twice as long as ¢.1}; ¢.3 shorter again. Femoral joint longest, swollen in the female; tibial joints of about equal length, somewhat shorter than f and about as long as coxal region; both of less diameter than #, and the second smaller PYCNOGONIDS 285 than the first. First tarsal joint very small, triangular, terminating dor- sally as a small lappet, and slightly convex ventrally, where it is beset with a few slender bristles. Second tarsal joint beset with short spiniform bristles; the ventral (‘inner’) side is somewhat lamellarly expanded at the base, and is here armed usually with 6 strong, anteriorly curving spines, the 2 distal ones in most cases being in juxtaposition. Claw powerful, slightly curved, about half as long as ¢s.2; aux. cl. very small, though distinctly developed. At the distal end of f are 1 or 2 strong bristles, and another projects from a slight depression on the dorsal side of #.2, a short distance from its distal end. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. 3 Dutch Harbor, Un- | 1',19 ‘July, 1899 Hs Ay) Ee (Prof: alaska W. R. Coe) 5 Popof Id., Shumagin | If July, 1899 HH. A. E. (Prof. Group, Alaska T. Kincaid) 8 Popof Id., Shumagin | 4,7‘, 12 July 8, 1899 EAC Es (rok: Group, Alaska 1 W. E. Ritter), Univ. of Calif., 24 Orca, Prince William No. 19,512 Sound, Alaska Ig June, 1899 HepeAaeE. Distribution.—Tf all the synonyms given above properly belong to this species its distribution covers a great range. It has been found along the coasts of the British Isles, Holland, Denmark, Norway, Green- land, the eastern coast of North America as far south as Massachusetts, and the present record extends its range to the western coast of North America from Orca to Unalaska. It ranges in depth from the shore rocks to roo fathoms (Sars). Apparently it is a truly circumpolar species. Remarks.—The specimens which I have examined from the Alaska coast agree very closely with the excellent description of this species given by Sars. They are, however, most of them considerably larger, the smallest specimen, from Orca, measuring about 3.5 mm., those collected at Popof Island 4.5 mm. to 5 mm., and those from Dutch Harbor 5.5 mm. from the tip of the proboscis to the tip of the caudal segment. Sars describes the color as “a more or less vivid red,” or “‘sometimes dark- brownish or a sepia tint.” Most of the Alaska specimens (alcoholic) are lighter than this, especially those from Dutch Harbor, which are a light brown or yellowish; the specimens from the Shumagins are a darker brown, and in 2 or 3 of them the branches of the intestine in the legs _1“Undershore rocks.”’ 286 COLE show up very plainly as dark brown lines. Wilson says of “Ph. maxillare” that the color is “‘ blackish or sepia to nearly pure white.” In the armature of the tarsal joints I find some variation from the description and figures of Sars. On the first I do not find one spine noticeably longer than the others, but a regular gradation up to the long- est. In the majority of cases the second agrees with the description, but in various specimens the number of spines on the heel varies from 5 to 7, and the distal two are not always opposed to one another. The num- ber and arrangement may vary on the different legs of the same specimen. Genus Halosoma! gen. nov. Trunk rather stout; lateral processes broad, first 3 pairs closely crowded; fourth pair separated from third by a space. Neck short but projecting somewhat beyond base of proboscis, which issues ventro-an- teriorly from the first segment. Chelifori strong, chelate. Ovigera ? Legs rather stout; second tarsal joint with expanded heel and a thin, chitinous, knife-like ridge along the sole. Claw well developed; auxil- iary claws minute. Remarks.—It was only after considerable hesitation that the present genus was instituted, as it is based upon a single specimen, and that evi- dently a female, though no ova could be made out in the ovaries. It seems, however, especially in the greater concentration, producing a stouter trunk and closely approximated lateral processes, to be generically distinct from both Phoxichilidium and Anoplodactylus; in the moderate development of the ‘neck,’ on the other hand, it is intermediate between those genera. It is ‘unfortunate that the specimen does not possess ovigera, as the structure of those organs would help much in showing the position of this genus and its relation to the other genera. Should it prove to be an immature specimen which has not yet developed the ovigera, it is possible that it may be found to be related to the Pallenidz rather than to the Phoxichilidiidz. In either case the only thing to be done with it now seemed to be to describe it as a separate genus under the Phoxichilidiide, treating it as an adult female, until its true position can be determined by future collections. HALOSOMA VIRIDINTESTINALIS sp. nov. Plate xiv, fig. 11; plate xx1v, figs. 6-8; plate xxv, figs. 1-4. Type.—University of California, No. 19,513, Dillon’s Beach, Sonoma County, California. Trunk stout, compressed; sutures deep and well marked; first segment 1From dws, disc, and odua, body. PYCNOGONIDS 287 about two and one half times as long as second. Lateral processes about as broad as long, a slight protuberance on the dorsal side distally ; the first 3 pairs closely crowded; between the third pair and the fourth, which is directed posteriorly, is a considerable space, about half as wide as the process. First trunk segment projecting forward beyond the base of the proboscis a short distance, producing a thick neck, of moderate length. Caudal segment rather long, over half as long as first trunk segment erect, subcylindrical, rounded at apex. Eye tubercle about in the middle of the anterior half of the first trunk segment, directed slightly forward, shorter than caudal segment, conical; eyes at about the middle, large. Proboscis issuing from the antero-ventral side of the first segment, as long as first and second trunk segments together, thick (half as long as broad), cylindrical, obtusely truncate, with a circular constriction near the distal end; ventral border with a projecting angle at the proximal end. Chelifori stout, overhanging proboscis; scape reaching to about even with end of proboscis, slightly clavate; chele hanging downward almost vertically, with the movable finger on the outside. Palm slightly swollen ; immovable finger slender, about as long as palm, slightly curved; mova- ble finger slender, acuminate, arcuate. Ovigera? Legs rather stout: ¢.1 short, squarish; c.2 nearly double ¢.1, swollen on the ventral side, where genital pore is situated on posterior pairs; ¢.3 slightly longer than ¢.1; # about as long as coxal region, stout; 71 some- what shorter than £; 4.2 equals 41; ¢s.1 very short, irregularly triangular or squarish, with a few small spines on the ventro-distal corner; 45.2 over half as long as 42, somewhat arched, with a distinct heel at the base. Heel armed with 2 strong curved spines and 5 or 6 smaller ones; sole with a thin lamellar chitinous membrane (pl. xxv, fig. 4), in which are some 10 or 11 small spines; c¢/. equals about three-fourths of ¢s.2, nearly straight, inner margin slightly convex at middle; awx. c/. minute. The femoral and first tibial joints have slender bristles projecting from slight protuberances on the dorsal side and at their distal ends; #2 has a similar bristle a short distance from the distal end. Otherwise the legs are smooth except for a few microscopic hairs, as is the whole body. Integument thin and transparent, the light green intestine with its prolongations into the legs showing through very distinctly, making the animal appear of a greenish color. Intestine considerably dilated in femoral joint. Cuticular cavities not so numerous as in related genera. Length but slightly over 1 mm.; first leg about 3.5 mm.; extent 7.5 mm, 288 COLE SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. Fe eel 28 Dillon’s Beach, FO (2) Noy. 26, 1898 Univ. of Calif. Sonoma Co., Calif. Remarks.—This single specimen was in a vial with Lecythorhynchus marginatus and Ammothella tuberculata. No data as to depth were given, but they were probably all taken in shallow water. It has the general appearance of a Phoxichilidium-like form, but is distinguished by its short, stout body and crowded lateral processes. Genus Anoplodactylus Wilson (’784). Phoxichilidium (in part). Trunk rather slender, with the first segment constricted anteriorly and extending forward some distance beyond the base of the proboscis, thus producing a long narrow neck. Lateral processes comparatively long and well separated. Proboscis projecting obliquely downward from ven- tral side of first trunk segment. Eye tubercle at extreme forward end of the segment. Chelifori comparatively feeble. Ovigera slender, 6-jointed; terminal joint very small. Egg-masses several, globular (A. petiolatus et erectus), or one or two, loose and more or less irregular in shape (A. Zentus). Legs long, slender; first tarsal joint very short; ven- tral margin of second tarsal joint projecting at the base (the heel) and there armed with strong spines; auxiliary claws minute.) Remarks.—This genus can readily be distinguished from Phoxichilidium, which it much resembles in general appearance, by the long, projecting neck, the feebler chelifori, and the 6-jointed ovigera with the ultimate joint very much smaller than the penultimate. Hoek (’98) lists the species which he considers as properly belonging to this genus. Besides the new species described below, I think the following should be added to his list: 1 A. gestiens (Ortmann) = Phoxichilidium gestiens Ortmann, ’9I. Japan. A. plumularia (von Lendenfeld) = Phoxichilidium plumularie von Lendenfeld, ’83. Port Philip, Australia. A. tubiferus (Haswell) = Phoxichilidium tubiferum Taswell, 85. Port Jackson, New South Wales. 1JIn a recent paper Mébius (:02) has referred two new species to the genus Anoplo- dactylus, viz., A. aculeatus and A. spinosus. The latter differs from the established genus in having 9-jointed ovigera, but in this connection Mébius says (p. 187): “‘Tch stelle fiir Anoplodactylus spinosus mit 9-gliedrigen Brutbeinen keinen neuen Gat- tungsbegriff auf, sondern scheide aus dem WiLson’schen Begriff Anoplodactylus das Merkmal einer bestimmten Gliederzahl der Brutbeine aus.” PYCNOGONIDS 289 ANOPLODACTYLUS ERECTUS sp. nov. Plate xiv, fig. 12; plate xxv1, figs. 1-9. Lype.— and ¢, University of California, No. 19,514, San Diego, Cal- ifornia. Trunk rather slender, cylindrical, tapering posteriorly ; lateral processes long, well separated, larger distally, where each has a small conical pro- jection on the dorsal side and pointing somewhat outward. First trunk segment rather larger than the 2 following segments together; constricted in its anterior half and produced forward into a long narrow neck. Caudal segment moderately long (nearly one and a half times second trunk segment); projecting upward at a sharp angle; approximately cylindrical, tapering to a point, often bulging somewhat in the middle, notched at tip; may be armed with 1 to 2 or 3 hairs on each side. Eye tubercle placed at extreme forward end of first trunk segment and projecting upward and a little forward; about as long as second trunk segment, cylindrical. Viewed from the side it rounds evenly to a blunt point; viewed anteriorly or posteriorly it is seen to have a project- ing angle on each side at the point of narrowing. Eyes nearer the top of the tubercle than the base; the anterior pair somewhat larger and a little lower than the posterior. Proboscis about as long as first trunk segment, from the posterior part of which it issues ventrally and projects obliquely downward and forward ; basal portion of slightly smaller diameter than the distal; truncate. Chelifori extending forward from the extreme end of the first trunk segment, which furnishes but a slight projection beyond the eye tuber- cle for their attachment; about equal in length to the segment to which they are attached. Scape slender, nearly cylindrical, only slightly enlarged at distal end; smooth except for a few small hairs. Chela pendant, bent at nearly a right angle to the scape and hardly half as long, sparingly beset with hairs; fingers slender, curved, sharply pointed, about as long as palm; movable finger longer and more strongly curved. Ovigera long (as long as, or longer than, animal), slender. First joint short and comparatively thick; 7.2 over twice as long and more slender; these 2 joints extend downward from their attachment to the first trunk segment. ‘The third joint bends backward, running nearly parallel with the trunk; it is half again as long as the first two joints taken together and even more slender than the second; slightly curved, with the con- vexity upward; about one fourth of its length from the proximal end is a constriction which on superficial examination might be taken for an 290 COLE articulation. The fourth joint is somewhat shorter than the second, slightly curved; 7.5 still shorter and bent sharply back on the under side of the fourth; 7.6 very small, oval; the fifth and sixth together scarcely equal the fourth. The third, fifth, and sixth joints are sparingly beset with rather stiff bristles, some of which on 7.6 are directed backward. Eggs on ovigera in several globular masses. Legs slender, second pair about two and one half times as long as the animal; ¢.1 short, little longer than broad; ¢.2 rather over twice the length of ¢.1; at about the middle of the dorsal side is a slight rounded protuber- ance; in the male the ventral side extends at the distal end into a consider- able projection, on which are several small bristles, and at the end of which is the genital opening. The female lacks this projection, but the distal end of the joint is swollen and the genital opening is situated on a slight prominence of its own a little way back from the tip. Third coxal joint rather longer than first; like all the joints out toZ2, it becomes gradually larger distally. Femoral joint nearly as long as whole of coxal region, commonly larger in the female; produced dorsally at the distal end into a rounded projection very similar in shape to that on the dorsal side of the lateral process and the genital prominence on the second coxal joint ; from this projection grows a long, slender bristle. In the male there is another process on the femoral joint, just beyond the middle on the dorsal side; it is drawn out into a narrow tube which projects distally; at its end is the opening of the so-called agglutinative gland, the secretion from which is supposed to be used in gluing the egg-masses together. Second tibial joint slightly longer than 71; neither quite so long asf; at the distal end of #1 is a projection similar to that on f, but smaller, and likewise furnished with a rather long bristle; about one fourth of the dis- tance from the distal end of #2, on the dorsal side, is a slight nodular protuberance from which projects a long, delicate bristle. First tarsal joint very small, roughly triangular, with a broad base ventrally bearing a few moderately strong spines, and a narrow knob dorsally ; ¢s.2 compara- tively slender, about equal in length to ¢.2, not strongly curved, but appearing arched on the ventral side in consequence of being much expanded at the base, where it is armed with 2 stout, distally curved spines and a few strong bristles. The proximal half of the remainder of the ventral margin, the sole, is armed with a series of close-set distally curved spines, varying in number from 7 or 8 to 11; along the distal part extends a thin, lamellar, knife-like chitinous plate along the sides of which are a few very small bristles. Claw long, falciform, reaching back as far as the heel of ¢s.2; inner edge thin and knife-like. Auxiliary claws very small but distinct. The legs are very sparsely hairy; besides what have IF YR ~ J + PYCNOGONIDS | 291 8 been mentioned, there are a few fine hairs, especially on f, 41, 4.2, and + zs.1, anda more or less regular row of small bristles along the dorsal side Of #5.2. g : Integument thin, clear, and with comparatively few cuticular cavities. Color in alcohol light. a : d Length about 2.5 mm.; sexes of nearly the same size. 3 3 SPECIMENS EXAMINED. ¢ Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. = | | 3 «SC San Diego, Calif. 65 FO Sept., 1896 Univ. of Calif. (coll. by Prof. Kelsey) 15 | San Diego, Calif. 1? July 8, 1895 Dr. S. J. Holmes C Co Remarks.—This species of Anoplodactylus, which I have called erectus on account of the position of the caudal segment, is in many respects very similar to A. fetiolatus (Kroyer). shown in the following table: A. petiolatus. Trunk ‘‘somewhat short and stout, and, relatively to its length, rather broad.” Lateral processes not much sepa- rated. Caudal segment long, cylindrical, abruptly acuminated, placed horizontally. Proboscis of plain cylindrical form, obtusely truncated. Immovable finger of chela almost quite straight. Ovigera nearly as long as animal. Legs hardly two times length of animal. Second tarsal joint strongly curved ; 4 to 6 spines on proximal part of sole. The important differences are A, erectus, Trunk rather slender. Lateral processes well separated. Caudal segment not especially long, more or less conical, directed upward at a sharp angle. Proboscis not plain cylindrical, narrower in basal portion. Fingers of chela both curved. Ovigera as long as, or longer than, animal; third joint especially proportionately longer than in A. petiolatus. Legs proportionately longer; two and one half times length of ani- mal. Second tarsal joint not strongly curved; 7 to 11 spines on proxi- mal part of sole. 292 COLE Family PYCVOGON/IDA. Chelifori and palpi both absent; ovigera present in the male only Genus Pycnogonum Briinnich (1764). Trunk stout and square-set. Ovigera small, present only in the male, g- or 10-jointed. Legs comparatively short, stout, tapering. First tarsal joint small; claw powerful; auxiliary claws usually absent. Remarks.—There seems to be a disagreement among authors as to whether in this genus the ovigera are g-jointed or 1o-jointed. This is probably due to the fact that some count the terminal claw as a joint, while others do not; but as it differs from the others only in being smaller and more chitinous, I see no reason why it should not be considered a joint the same as the terminal claw of the legs. PYCNOGONUM STEARNSI Ives. Plate xiv, figs. 13-15; plate xxv, fig. 10. Pycnogonum stearnst IVES, '92, p. 142, pl. X, figs 1-4. Trunk broad, somewhat depressed ; lateral processes with scarcely any interval between them. Each trunk segment with a prominent tubercle at its posterior border on the mid-dorsal line (considerably smaller on the last segment), and a somewhat smaller tubercle on the outer edge of each lateral process. First trunk segment about two thirds the length of the proboscis, slightly constricted just ahead of the lateral processes; second and third segments each equal to the portion of the first back of the con- striction; the fourth somewhat shorter. Posterior borders of the segments slightly elevated. Caudal segment clavate, or nearly cuneiform, truncated at its ex- tremity, sometimes slightly swollen in the middle; somewhat longer than the fourth trunk segment, about equal to the third. The anus is a longitudinal slit on the ventral side of the caudal segment near the tip. Eye tubercle bluntly conical, placed just behind the constriction of the first segment ; eyes black or dark brown, distinct, or in some cases indistinct and without pigment; the posterior pair usually farther apart than the anterior. Proboscis subcylindrical, slightly swollen at or a little anterior to the middle; somewhat longer than the first trunk segment. Ovigera (pl. xxv1, fig. 10) small and rather slender; ro-jointed, the last joint a strong, straight, or nearly straight, claw. The joints do not diminish gradually in length; the first, second, fourth, seventh, and eighth are approximately as long as broad, while the others are propor- tionately longer. The diameter does not decrease greatly until the ninth PYCNOGONIDS 293 joint, where it begins tapering gradually to the tip of the claw. Practi- cally smooth except for a few very small bristles on the outer side of the third joint. When not carrying eggs, the appendages commonly extend outward and a little backward, then curve forward and in again toward the middle line. The bending occurs particularly at the fourth and at the eighth and ninth joints. Eggs small, carried on the ovigera in one (pl. x1v, fig. 15) or two (fig. 14) large, wrinkled, cake-like masses, occupying the whole space under the animal and extending so far that when looked at from below only the legs from the fourth joint outward are visible, except the posterior pair, which can usually be seen because the eggs are carried well forward. Legs stout: ¢c.1 broader than the lateral processes of the segments, with the appearance of a dorsal notch on its outer border due to the close approximation of two dorsal tubercles; ¢.2 rather smaller than ¢.1 ; ¢.3 rather smaller than ¢c.2; the 3 joints together in the third leg about as long as the proboscis ; f/ strongly developed, about two thirds as long as the coxal region; proximal half of the ventral surface considerably swollen (in male as well as female), a rather weak dorsal tubercle at the distal extremity; 71 about equal to f, but more slender; #2 rather shorter than #1; ¢s.1 very short, subtriangular; ¢s.2 about as long as 742; c/. less than half as long as ¢s.2, rather strongly curved. On the dorsal surface of f., and of ¢.1 and #2, near their distal ends, there is a single compara- tively strong spine; ventral side of 42 beset with smaller spines at its distal end, while the tarsal joints, especially the first, have their ventral surfaces thickly beset with these short spines. The 11 females measured range from 4 mm. to 8 mm.; the males average somewhat smaller, the largest being but 6.3 mm. in length. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Lot. Locality. No. of specimens. Date. Source. 11 | San Pedro Point, San | 2°, 292 Sept. 1, 1895 Univ. of Calif. Mateo Co., Calif. ’ 17 | Pacific Grove, Monte-|19 July 13, 1896 Univ. of Calif. rey Co., Calif. 19 | Dillon’s Beach, Sono- | 22 Aug. 4, 1898 Univ. of Calif. ma Co., Calif. 21 | Shelter Cove, Hum- | 14,', 69 June 24, 1894 -| Univ. of Calif., boldt Co., Calif.1 No. 19,516 Remarks.—This species was established by Ives from 5 female speci- mens collected at San Diego, and it has not been recorded since that 1 Collected ‘‘on rocks.’? Ten of the fourteen males in this lot were carrying egg-masses. 294 time until now. COLE Ives’s description and figures are readily recognizable, and besides being able to include the description of the male I have very little to add. Pycnogonum stearnsi is closely allied to P. Littorale (Strém). The prin- cipal differences can be seen at a glance in the following table: EP. littorate. Average length of female about 15 mm. Claw more than half the length of the second tarsal joint. A smaller conical protuberance on the dorsal side of the first trunk segment between the one on the posterior border of the segment and the eye tubercle. Ovigera: “Along the inner margin of the joints extend a few very small and irregularly distributed spines of quite a simple form” (Sars, ’QI, p. 10). LP. stearnsi. Average length of female about 6 mm. Claw less than half the length of the second tarsal joint. No protuberance on the first trunk segment between the one on the posterior border and the eye tubercle. Ovigera practically unarmed except for a few small spines on the outer side of the third joint. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following list includes, besides the papers referred to in the fore- going pages, the principal references to North American Pycnogonida. Boum, R. 18792 Uber die Pycnogoniden des K6nigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin, inbesondere iiber die von S. M. S. Gazelle mitge- brachten Arten. Monatsbericht der Kénigl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 20, Taf. 1, 11, Februar 1879, pp. 170-195. 1879 Ueber Pycnogoniden. Sitzungsber. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, pp. 140-142. BRUNNICH, MARTIN THRANE, 1764 Entomologia (Copenhagen). CoLE, LEon J. 19014 195-207. T9o1> Africa. Tat. 13, Notes on the Habits of Pycnogonids. Biol. Bull., vol. 11, pp. On Discoarachne brevipes Hoek, a Pycnogonid from South Zool. Jahrb., Abth. f. Syst.. Bd. 15, pp. 243-248, PYCNOGONIDS 295 Dat, W. H. 1876 On the Marine Faunal Regions of the North Pacific; an Intro- ductory Note to the Report on Alaskan Hydroids, by Mr. Clark. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, pp. 205-208. Dana, JAmEs D. 1853 U.S. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 18309, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S vol. xiv, Crustacea, pt. 11, Arachnopoda or Pycnogonida, pp. 1382-1391. DourRN, ANTON. 1881 Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 11 (Leipzig). Goopsir, H. D. S$. 1842 On some new species of Pycnogonide. Edinb. New Phil. jour., Vol. xxxiI, p. 136. 1844 On the Specific and Generic Characters of the Araneiform Crustacea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1), vol. 14, pp. 1-4, pl.t. Gou.Lp, Aucustus A. 1844 Description of a new species of Crustacean. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Elst, vol. 1, pp. 92,93. HANSEN, H. J. 1884 Fortegnelse over de hidtil i de Hanske Have fundne Pycnogo- nider eller Sdspindler. Naturhist. Tidsskrift, 3. Rekke, Bd. XIV, pp. 647-652. 1885 Sdspindler (Pantopoda v. Pycnogonidz). Zoologia Danica. Afbildninger af Danske Dyr med populer Text, pp. 117-131, Tab. vu, figs. 8-23 (Copenhagen). HASWELL, W. A. 1885 On the Pycnogonida of the Australian Coast, with Descriptions of New Species.,, Proce, Linn) Soc: N. 5: W:, voli 1x, pp. 1021-1034, pls, LIV-LVII. Honce, G. 1864 List of the British Pycnogonide, with Descriptions of several New Species. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), vol. x11. Honk, P. P.-C. 1877 Ueber Pycnogoniden. Niederl. Arch. f. Zool., 111, pp. 235-254, dl Wet AES. 4) Ae: 4 18812 Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by H. M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. The Zoology of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, vol. 11, Pt. X. 1881> Nouvelles études sur les Pycnogonides. Arch. de Zool. expér. et génér., T. 1X, pp. 437-542, pls. XXIII—-xxx. 296 COLE 1898 On four Pycnogonids, dredged during the Cruise of the Chal. lenger (investigated and described after the completion of the Report). With an appendix. Tijdschr. d. Nederl. Dierk. Vereen. (2), 6. Deel, pp. 290-301, pls. 11, 111. Ives, J. E. 1892 HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. PLATE XVI. Ammothea latifrons sp. nov. Fic. 1. Male from right side (Lot 1). X 20. 2. Lateral process and first coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot 1); seen from dorsal side. % 20. . Second right leg of male (Lot 1b). xX 20. Second coxal joint of third right leg of male (Lot rb). X 20. . Palp of female (Lot 1a). X 33. . Oviger of female (Lot Ia). X 33. Oviger of male (Lot Ic). X 33. . Cheliforus of female (Lot Ia). xX 33. . Denticulate spine from oviger of male (Lot 4b). x 247. O OWT AND wo (310) +H. A. E. VOL, X PLATE XVI PYCNOGONIDA = HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Fic. PLATE XVII. Ammothea latifrons sp. nov. . Cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot. 1-1). X 33. . Oviger of immature specimen (Lot I-1a). X 33. . Terminal part of same. XX 107. Ammothea alaskensis sp. nov. . Female from left side (Lot 25). x 27. . Cheliforus of adult (Lot 7b). x 73. . Caudal segment, dorsal view (Lot 7b). X 43. . Left oviger of female (Lot 7a). X 73. . Right palp of female (Lot 7b). x 73. . Third left leg of female (Lot 25a). X 27. . Foot of second left leg, female (Lot 7a). x 53. . Second coxal joint of third left leg of male (Lot 25). . Right oviger of male (Lot 25b). X 37. (312) FitAnues VOU xX . PLATE XVII PYCNOGONIDA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. in ee a eu: Fic. An pwd on PLATE XVIII. Ammothea gracilipes sp. nov. . Female from left side (Lot 9). x 27. . Right cheliforus and palp of female (Lot ga). X 43. Right oviger of female (Lot 9a). X 43. . Left oviger of male (Lot 9b). x 43. . Second right leg of male (Lot 9b). xX 33. . Lateral process and coxal joints of third right leg of male (Lot 9b). Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov. . Male from right side (Lot 2). x IL. . Left cheliforus of male (Lot 2a). X 20. X 33. (314) oy Pus H. A. E: VOL. X PLATE XVIII PYCNOGONIDA a ae f. al HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Fic. Osan fw PLATE XIX. Ammothea pribilofensis sp. nov. Left palp (Lot 2a). x 20. . Lateral process and first coxal joint of first left leg of male (Lot 2); dorsal view. . Left cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 2-1); dorsal view. X 20. . First right leg of male (Lot 2a). X Io. Heel of same. X 20. . Second coxal joint of third right leg of male (Lot 2a). X Io. . Left oviger of male (Lot 2a). x 20. . Oviger of female (Lot 2b). xX 20. (316) PLATE XIX Hi A. E. VOL. Xx PYCNOGONIDA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Cina ; pat eh yy. a 52D Ko ae PLATE XX. Ammothella tuberculata sp. nov. Fic. 1. Female from left side (Lot 27). x 20. . Female specimen from dorsal side (Lot 22). X 20. . Right cheliforus of female (Lot 27). X 37. . Right palp and right oviger of female (Lot 27), X 37. . Second left leg of female (Lot 27). xX 33. . Right cheliforus of female (Lot 22a). X 43. Am fh WwW b Ammothella spinifera sp. nov. 7. Female from right side; chelifori, palpi, and proboscis not shown ; portion of side cut away, exposing alimentary canal and nerve ganglia (Lot 14). X 43. 8. Eye tubercle of immature specimen seen in posterior view (Lot 14). X 70. g. Proboscis (Lot 14). X 33- (318) PLATE XX = a3 a NAY AY, Y \\ aN \\ \ \ ANN a ASIN \ cS... Ci ay iy 2 SS eee WS. : PYCNOGONIDA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Fic. PLATE XXI. Ammothella spinifera sp. nov. Female from above (Lot 14). X 27. . Left oviger of female (Lot 14a). X 70. Left cheliforus of female (Lot 14a). X 70. . Left cheliforus of immature specimen from above (Lot 14). X 70. . First left leg of female (Lot 14a). X 43. . Left palp (Lot 14). xX 70. Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov. . Male from right side (Lot 29). x 40. . Right cheliforus of male (Lot 29b); from above. X 107. . Right cheliforus of immature specimen (Lot 29) X 107. (320) i j PrHe AE, VOL. Xx PLATE XXI 4 ~ \\ x \X\ PYCNOGONIDA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Fic. PLATE XXII. Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov. Male from above (Lot 29). X 44. . Female from above (Lot 29). X 44. . Immature specimen from above (Lot 29). X 44. . Left palp of female (Lot 29a). X 70. Second right leg of male (Lot 29b). xX 43. . Foot (Lot 29b). x 80. Femoral joint of second left leg of female (Lot 29a). X 43. (322) PLATE XxIl ¥} UK \ H \\\ V\\ . Gey 7 Bs) ae ) y > . 2 PYCNOGONIDA _# a. yy : ae ; a), ‘ yr Fi “el ee Fic. aon auwp PLATE XXIII. Tanystylum intermedium sp. nov. . Left oviger of male (Lot 29a). X 70. . Left oviger of female (Lot 29a). X 70. . Spine from joint 9 of above (Fig. 2) highly magnified. Clotenia occidentalis sp. nov. - Male from right side (Lot 16). x 34. . Cheliforus and palp of same. X 70. . Third right leg of same. X 33. . Left oviger of same. X 70. . Same specimen from above. X 33. (324) 5 4 GC PYCNOGONIDA Fic. . Second left leg of female (Lot 3). X 13. | akan PLATE XXIV. Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke). Female from side (Lot 3). XX 10. Eye tubercle, anterior view (Lot 3). X43. Lae Enea be | Caudal segment, posterior view (Lot 3). X 43. ‘eae. Right oviger of male (Lot 8). x 20. Halosoma viridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov. 6. From left side (Lot 28). x 43. on . Left chela of same. X 107. . Same as Fig. 7, cleared and mounted. xX 107. (326) H. A. E. VOL. X PYCNOGONIDA PLATE XXIV Fic. BBS 2. 3: 4. fTalosoma viridintestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov. PLATE XXV. Specimen from above (Lot 28). X 20. Second left leg of same. Foot of same. X 67. X 43. Portion of the sole highly magnified. Ee ee ee Finley. VOILE. X : PLATE XXV LL ey ry a PYCNOGONIDA , ; HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. Fic. © MY ANH AWN H 10. PLATE: XXXVI, Anoplodactylus erectus sp. nov. - Male from side (Lot 13). x 20. . Eye tubercle of female (Lot 13); posterior view. X 43. . Third right leg of male (Lot 13b). X 20. . Terminal part of left oviger of same specimen. X 53. <-eOOb OL Hig. a. x na: Second coxal joint of fourth right leg of male (Lot 13c). X 43. Second coxal joint of second right leg of female (Lot 13c). X 43. . Caudal segment of female (Lot 13); anterior view. x 43. . Left chela (Lot 13c). x 67. Pycnogonum stearnsi Ives, Left oviger of male (Lot 21-1). x 27. (330) PLATE XXVI H. A.~E. VOL. X PYCNOGONIDA HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. 4 ys Sik re ve oe é, Va ga Ga SONNY NAY WES} RAAAAA AAA AA | {| FA VWAAAR A\A\p AA RARAAAAAAAL RARAAAAARA AAARA A rv WA Ls WY | na -~ sm 6 AY _¥W nan AAAS | -\7 | aN AAA Nalalalala Anan AAA — : - VN AY SV RYAN OY FY QA A) = | Ze 2 SSS eal oo eng 2 PARARARARAS RRARRAAARAA y a) Eh, Be = ~ RAPA A ARARARRR } zs AAAaAaan Ana aAZaaaaar lealignlgat x =~ onte SN AN a ey = ae | —_— A . ‘an aga AAAAARe mm RARAAAAnanne ee | aml | pm| POE SI A : } _~ = an —_ naa Fg = VN : x AAAS ) a ry} iy