Sepa dinrrints ot eke secmeaenrnaes is, oi a | - aa , = ‘ } i 4 , % iT i é . rt & +; 6 a ) 4 awe Ni, ¥ ™ ve " | ¥ A : ay An a! whe ed et pay p ' Voy ae Fl F . 4 * 4 ‘) 7. h i m had | = 7 a Py Mal an SS ye Peg ber ia! TA i : Dah ew F ap, vee i 4) aL Sey TY OL ee Ore es | 44 a) oii Se6 via ey rr 4) i / tei Pile ‘aie ie i . E.2-§ At’ Ms. if QUARTERLY JOURNAL <-> OF MICROSCOPIGAL SCIENCE. EDWIN LANKESTER, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., AND GEORGE BUSK, F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S., F.LS. VOLUME III. With Illustrations on Wood and Stone. LONDON: SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32, FLEET STRERT. 1855, rr fk ae ee -t. ; *. 2 ‘ ' f 7 R i ba T : \ / { \ : ui ( F ' ‘ E ry yeh ; AM ETE © | . L f 4 c vi } ' ’ ; : {it WMULOS to OOURAIINHA) (Ouse Toit SHapitA Ww i } : , E \ & YU 1S 00% Stil 2g ) i ; : LB ao sito niger Ea} SR, eusnpartO aysasheo : ee — lioidaoie noRolee we — cousta to notesgib oat 2 . " Ae aboch aaa aoe 00 asot} oo Aan AVS cen 24 aa ee. Ess ‘to asisoga 8 ‘bag FLAK DIqooRo Ose = ; Bi ISG to shoal ei) orott eyuibsuoa yooh 16-94) Shi Jllso-bsoTdt gat oe sj uispol wor tv BOOTIE ins 7 Tt r oO. . a! Toil: na? (lt adi tl ayosISy 7obiaolth io Stow: t) bos lerisas io. od 20. .iN 3 ino VF EL yd gaa we hes Z-lasjde to sate ad 19 § 010 Ye S9qeq rs “oe a U. aseasly-tooido Ye aM ot ygor al .88 98 ogortonans ould sot |e R88 ,toanidod »GE RE WIS NE 19% io fi no ..¥ rau | OW HT ee ; “Vat silica aM o& ylqua ; S06 983.0 t ~290% Giltysto ial TM .notentiot iepest soln | ,coanidod ft yayoms : Y¥ TOU DUS BM iu. MA & cone ig 0 vody to nodavverg foactesel uoasgiod VLA G ‘ Ht co. Oiobohieyg oheplapgaad 4d6 90 7 Ao anogio ayouborwss ed »oxiiudod .4 maint xyylo aarsashalgtiatacd ° A At : 1 Seamnion' “PRINTED BY aqui to warys +s a “sh wd | ed bxofe soxiad Lc taclorulg ov siaqatoo 20 » » Paine HOR OQooeoTdiMm GQ \ ipe? A i « ‘ ' INDEX TO JOURNAL. VOLUME III. A. Achromatic condenser, J. D. Sollitt on a new, 87. Ayres, Dr. P. B., microchemical re- searches on the digestion of starch and amylaceous foods, 247. Allman, G. J., on Aphanizomenon Flos-aque and a species of Peri- dinea, 21. 4 on the. occurrence among the Infusoria of peculiar organs resembling thread-cells, 177. Amphiprora vitrea B? 40. Amphitetras favosa, 93. 5 Wilkesii, 93. Amphora angularis, 39. a3) ~ Aretis,:39. a incurva, 39. Anacharis Alsinastrum, on the cireu- lation of the sap, by F. H. Wenham, 277. Angular aperture of object-glasses, F. d’Alquen on a paper by Dr. Grif- fiths on the, 43. Aperture of object-glasses, J. D. Sol- litt on the, 85. In reply to Mr. Wenham and Dr. Robinson, 239. 3 oe F.H.Wen- ham on, in reply to Mr. Sollitt, 160. 53 e on the, 302. Aperture of objectives, on the mea- surement of the, by J. R. Robinson, D.D., 163. Aphanizomenon Flos-aque, G. J. All- man on, 21. Arcyria, threads of, 20. Artificial light, prevention of the glare from, Ferguson Branson, M.D., on the, 173. Arts, Society of, Prizes offered by the, for cheap microscopes, 234, 306. VOL, III. Atlantic, microscopic examination of deep soundings from the, by J. W. Bailey, 89. Aulacodiscus Oreyanus, 93. B. Bacterium termo, Cohn on, 206. Bailey, J. W., and Prof. W. Harvey, description of new species of Dia- tomacee, 93. 33 microscopic examina- tion of deep soundings from the Atlantic, 89. 3 on some new localities for fossil Diatomacee, 91. Bennett, J. H., on the structure of the Torbane Hill mineral and of various kinds of coal, 185. Bleakley, E., M.D., on Powell and Lealand’s new condenser, 92. Blood-cells, action of urea on, 289. Branson, F., M.D., on the prevention of glare from artificial light, 173. i on the circulation of sap, 274. Bridgman, W. K., on another ‘ finder’ for the microscope, 237. Busch, Dr. W., on Noctiluca miliaris, 199. C. Calex Mosquito, C. Johnston, M.D., on the auditory apparatus of, 97. Campanularia geniculata, on the male reproductive organs of, by Dr. Max. 8. Schultze, 59. Campylodiscus clypeus, R. Wigham on, 243. 3 Kiitzingii, 93. Carpenter, W. B., review of principles of comparative physiology, 215. A 326 Cellulose in animals, by R. Virchow, 284, Chytridium, Cohn on, 207. Cilia in the Diatomacee, J. Hogg on, 235. ,, on the surface of Conferve, Dr. G. H. Kingsley on, 245. Circulation of the sap in the leaf-cells of the Anacharis Alsinastrum, by F. H. Wenham, 277. Closterium Lunula, 8. G. Osborne on the economy of, 54. » structure of, F.G. Wright, M.D., on the, 171. Cocconeis costata, 39. » parmula, 93. os rhombifera, 94. » sulcata, 94, “5 speciosa, 59. transversalis, 39. Cohn, Dr. F., researches on the de- velopment of microscopic Alge and Fungi, 202. Colouration of the China Sea, Camille Dareste on the, 66. Condenser, new. Powell and Lea- land’s, Dr. Bleakley on, 92. Conferve, cilia on the surface of, 243. Conversaziones, Microscopical, 303. Cornea, compound of insects, 9. Currey, Frederick, on the reproduc- tive aera of Fungi, 263. on the spiral threads of the genus Trichea, 15. Cutaneous follicles of the toad, on the structure of, by George Rainey, 257. Cymbella truncata, 38. D. Dareste, Camille, on the colouration of the China Sea, 66. Deep soundings from. the Atlantic, microscopic examination of, by J. W. Bailey, 89. Delicate test-objects, definition of, E. L. on the, 233. Diascope, a new optical instrument, description of, 1. Diatomacez, cilia in the, J. Hogg on, 235. Diatomaceous deposits in the mud of Milford Haven, description of, and mode of procuring, by Fitzmaurice Okeden, 26. i earths and clays, mode of washing, F, Okeden on a, 158 Eh exuvize contained in a post tertiary lacustrine sand from Glenshira, 30, INDEX TO JOURNAL. Diatomacez fossil, new localities for, J. W. Bailey on some, 91. on washing and concen- trating of, Dr. H. Munro on the, 241. new species of, deserip- tion ‘of, by Prof. W. Harvey and J. Wi. Bailey, 93. Diatomacee, on the determination of species in, the Rey. W. Smith on the, 130. R on species of, 307. Discopora ciliata, 256. D’Alquen, F., on Griffiths’ paper on the angular aperture of object- glasses, 43. E. | Enamel and dentine of the teeth, T. H. Huxley on, in reply to E. Lent, 127. Enlargement and multiplication of the images of objects when viewed through small apertures, J: Gorham on the, 1. Ercolani and Vella on the develop- ment and life of the Nematoidea, 73. Eunotia falr, 38. Eupodiscus? Ralfsii, B, 39. F. ‘Finder’ for the microscope, on an improved, by F. Okeden, ©.E., 166. », for the microscope, W. K. Bridgman on another, 237. Finders, 314. Flies’ feet, on, 312. Freshwater marls and limestones, microscopical structure of, H. Sorbey on the, 95. Fungi, the reproductive organs of, by F, Currey, 263. G. Geological Society, proceedings of, 95. Glaisher, J., on snow-crystals, 179. Glare from artificial light, on the prevention of, 173. Glenshira deposit, Diatomaceous exu- vie in, 30, qs Gonium pectorale, Cohn on, 212. Gorham, J., on the magnifying power of short spaces, }. Gregory, W., on diatomaceous exuviee contained in a post tertiary lacus- trine sand, from Glenshira, 30, Griffith, Dr. J. W., on the angular aperture of object-glasses, 43, INDEX TO JOURNAL. H. Hepworth, John, memoranda by, 312. Histology, Quekett’s lectures on, re- view of, 75. Hodgson, W., on an easy method of wiping thin glass covers, 243. Hogg, Jabez, on cilia in the Diato- maces, 235. Hunt, G., description of a curious effect of moisture on the markings of Pleurosigma, 174. 5 on the markings of the Pleurosigma, 232. Huxley, T. H., on Noctiluca miliaris, 49, ~ on the enamel and dentine of the teeth, 127. Hyalosira punctata, 94. Ie Illumination, new mode of, by Dr. T. G. Wright, 236. = of microscopic objects, F. H, Wenham on the, in reply to Mr. Rainey, 87. Impressions, metallic, of microscopic objects, mode of obtaining, F. H. Wenham on a, 244. Infusory animalcules, physiological studies respecting the, by Paul Laurent, 156. Tnfusoria, on the occurrence among the, of peculiar organs resembling thread-cells, by G. J. Allman, 177. Insects, feet and wings of, J. Tyrrell on the, 230. a a by J. Hep- worth, 312. Isthmia minima, 94. J. Johnston, C., M.D., on the auditory apparatus of calex mosquito, 97. Jungermannia, elaters of, action of sulphurie acid upon, 19. K. Keber, F., on the porosity of bodies, | 152. Kingsley, Dr, G. H., on cilia on the surface of Conferve, 243. Kolliker, on the motions of spermatic | filaments, 293, 296. 3 on the action of urea on | -blood-cells, 289. » on lymph corpuscles, 291. 327 L. Lagena Williamsoni, 94. Laurent, Paul, physiological studies respecting the infusory animalcules, 156, Lent, Ed., on the enamel and dentine of the teeth, 127. Lepralia scutulata, 255. Leydig, Dr. F., on the structure and systematic position of the Rotifera, 136. Lloyd, W. A., on artificial sea-water in marine aquaria, 315, Lymph corpuscles, KGlliker on, 291. M. Magnetic stage, description of a, by J.B. Spencer, 174. Magnifying power of short spaces, J. Gorham on the, 1. Marine aquaria, on the employment of artificial sea-water, 315. Membranipora Sophia, 255. Memoranda, by John Hepworth, 312. Menipea arctica, 254. Microchemical researches on the di- gestion of starch and amylaceous foods, by Dr. P. B. Ayres, 247. Microseope, Dr. H. Schacht on, trans- iated by F. Currey, review of, 219. Microscopes, cheap, proceedings of the Society of Arts with respect to, 234, 306. Microscopic Alge and Fungi, re- searches on the development of, by Dr. F. Cohn, 202. Microscopical Society, proceedings of, 176, 247, 317. Moleschott, on the motions of Sperma- tozoids, 294. Monas prodigiosa, 206. Moreland, Mr., on starch, 319. Munro, Dr. H., on the washing and concentrating of Diatomacez, 241. Muscular fibre, on, 318. N. Navicula erassa, 41. He gastroides, 40, 35 maxima, 41. a rhombica, 40. 43 birostrata, 40, Nematoidea, on the development and life of the, 73. Noetiluca miliaris, Dr. W. Busch on, 199, m * T. H. Huxley on, 49. 5 sy Dr. Woodham Webb, on, 102. 328 O. Okeden, F., on an improved ‘ finder’ for the microscope, 166. ,, on diatomaceous deposits mud of Milford Haven, 26. ef », on a mode of washing diatomaceous earths and clays, 158. 4 ” in the Osborne, S. G., on the economy of Closterium Lunula, 54. P: Pathological Anatomy, Manual of, by C. H. Jones, M.D., and E. H. Sieveking, M.D., review of, 155. Pedicellaria of Echinus miliaris, figure of, 83. ag of Sputangus purpureous, figure of, 84. Peridinea, new species of, G. J. All- man on a, 21. Physiology, comparative, principles of, W. B. Carpenter, 215. Pinnularia apiculata, 41. - Gastrum, 41. Pleurosigma, curious effect of moisture on the markings of, 174. a markings of the, G. Hunt on the, 282. Polythalamia (Foraminifera), M. S. Schultze on the organization and classification of the, 143. Porosity of bodies, microscopic re- searches on the, by F. Keber, 152. Post-tertiary lacustrine sand con- taining diatomaceous exuvie, W. Gregory on, 30. Powell and Lealand’s new condenser, R. Bleakley, M.D., on, 92. Pulmonary Consumption, Dr. Theo- philus Thompson’s Lettsomian lec- tures on, review of, 227. Q. Quekett’s, J., Lectures of Histology, review of, 75. R. Rainey, George, on the cutaneous follicles of the toad, 257. Redfern, P., M.D., on the Torbane Hill mineral and on other varieties of coal, 106, Reproductive organs, on the, of cer- tain Fungi, by Frederick Currey, 263. INDEX TO JOURNAL. | Robinson, J. R., D.D., on the mea- | surement of the aperture of objec- tives, 163. Rotifera, on the structure and sys- tematic position of the, Leydig on, 136. Royal Society, proceedings of, 247. Ss Salicornaria borealis, 254. Savory, Mr., on muscular fibre, 318. Sea-water artificial, on the employ- ment of, in marine aquaria, 315. Sertularia imbricata, 256. Schacht, Dr. H., on the microscope, 219. Schultze, Dr. Max. $., on the male reproductive organs of Campanu- laria geniculata, 59. s on the or- ganization and classification of the Polythalamia (Foraminifera), 143, Smith, the Rey. W., on the determi- nation of species in the Diatomacee, 130. Snow-erystals, J. Glaisher on, 179. Sollitt, J. D., on a new achromatic condenser, 87. . of on the aperture of object-glasses, 85. Sorbey, H. C., on the microscopical structure of freshwater marls and limestones, 95. Species of Diatomacez, on, 307. Spencer, J. B., description of a mag- netic stage, 173. Spermatic filaments, action of alkalies on, 293, 296. Spermatozoids, motion of, 294. Spiral threads of the genus Trichia, Fred. Currey on the, 15. Starch, Dr. P. B. Ayres, on the diges- tion of, 247. », the presence of in the blood, S. J. Stratford on, 168. » Mr. Moreland on, 319. Stratford, S. J., on the presence of starch in the blood, 168. Surirella fastuosa, B, 40. Synedra undulans, 41, vertebra, 41. ” fi Thin glass covers, on an easy method of wiping, by W. Hodgson, 243. Thread-cells, on the occurrence of peculiar organs resembling the, among the Infusoria, 177. INDEX TO JOURNAL. Toad, cutaneous follicles George Rainey, 257. Torbane-Hill mineral, and on other varieties of coal, P. Redfern, M.D. on the, 106. of, by structure of, &e., J. H. "Bennett on the, 188. Triceratium concavum, 94. os gibbosum, 94. 55 orientale, 94. i Wilkesti, 94. Trichia, British species of, 21. ss on the spiral threads of, 15. Trichia-threads, corrections of mis- prints in Mr, Currey’s paper on, 176. %9 mode of preparing, | 21, Tryblionella constricta, 40. Tyrrell, J., on the feet and wings of insects, 230, Tubulipora ventricosa, 256. U. Urea, action of, on blood-cells, 289. We Vibrionia, Cohn on the nature of, 206. Virchow, R., on cellulose in animals, 284. | 329 iW’. Ward’s, Mr., conversaziones, 303. Webb, Woodham, M.D., on Noctiluca meliaris, 102, Wenham, F. H., on a method of ob- taining metallic impressions of mi- croscopic objects, 244. 6 on the illumination of microscopic objects, in reply to Mr. Rainey, 87. ” on the circulation of the sap in Anucharis Alsinastrum, 277. reply to Mr. Sollitt on the aperture of object-glasses, 160. on tests mounted in balsam, 302. Wigham, R., on Campylodiscus ely- peus, 243. Wright, Dr. T. G., on a new mode of illumination, 236. » F.G.,M.D., on the structure of Closterium,.171. Z. ZLoophytology, 253, 321. 2 = LPAI : > ‘palo reals i. aK i ; 4.8 wae y - "ae S07 ek 5a it £. + - <) ower A | LONDON: — Printed by W. Crowes and Sons, Stamford Street. . “ - d ' 4 ? te vi ® ry . + ’ nr gfe uy 7 QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. On the ENLARGEMENT and Muttipuication of the Imaces of Oxssects, when viewed by the Light admitted through small Apertures ; and on the DiascorE, a new Optical Instrument. By Joun Goruay, M.R.C.S.L., &e. (Continued from Vol. II., page 234.) Ir has been before noticed that less attention has been bestowed upon the investigation of objects that lie near at hand, within an inch or two, we will suppose, of the eye, than upon objects which are placed at a considerable distance from it, that, for example, of as many furlongs. I have also endea- voured to show that small circular perforations made in a card, and rendered semi-transparent, constituted in themselves objects well adapted to illustrate the magnifying power of short spaces, by presenting a rapid and palpable enlargement of the visual angle to the eye ; and, lastly, a series of phenomena has been described, which resulted from viewing small figures held close to the eye in front of such apertures, and rendered visible by the light admitted through them. The whole subject arranges itself therefore under two dis- tinct divisions, which comprise :—1. An examination of the images formed by viewing objects held in front of small aper- tures; and 2, An examination of those images which result from placing the objects behind the apertures. 1. Of images formed when the eye and the object are both on the same side, that is, in front of the apertures. We have already seen that when bodies not exceeding the diameter of the pupillary opening of the eye are held in close proximity to the visual organ, and are then examined by the light admitted through small inlets about the fortieth of an inch in diameter, their images become maynified, multiplied, and inverted ; and further, that they are illuminated with light VOL, IIT. B 2 GORHAM, ON THE of an intensity varying with the number of apertures employed to render them visible. This light, be it observed, is always simply transmitted ; never being "reflected nor refracted by the intervention oe glass, or a any other substance having catoptric or dioptric effects. The apparatus required in en experiments there- fore is essentially very simple and uncomplicated, consisting indeed of a mere short tube open at one end, and having a plane, perforated with small holes to admit the light, at the other; while the object to be examined is applied at the open end, and held as close to the eye as possible. Hence a pill- box and a narrow slip of glass constitute all that is really necessary to explain the laws which are in operation, and to give an idea of the phenomena which are involved in their successful application. From the remarks made in a previous section, it is obvious that these phenomena are owing to the size, and to the intervals of the apertures themselves, and to their distance with respect to the eye. Thus their size should be the one-fortieth of an inch,—their intervals the one-tenth of an inch,—and their distance from the eye from one to two inches. If these con- ditions are not fulfilled, the images become either undefined or dimly illuminated ; but when they are strictly observed, the combinations, which an instrument constructed upon such prin- ciples is capable of presenting to the eye, are very beautiful. But a mere tube of pasteboard, however well it might answer for a first experiment, is inefficient, for it is difficult to retain the slip of glass in its proper position between the tube and the eye. It was essential therefore to construct a small instrument of some more solid and durable material, such as wood or ivory, with which experiments might be conveniently performed. This instrument consists of a tube, T, one or two inches long, and about one inch thick, expanding at the end to which the eye is applied into a circular lip, L, which is about one inch and a half in diameter, while that of the round opening in its centre is about half an inch. This end is provided with a slit sufficiently large to permit a thin narrow slip of glass, about an inch broad, to slide easily through it, as shown in the figure. The other end has a circular rim, R, MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 3 which revolves in the groove, G, and to this rim is attached a second rim, 7, which is provided with a female screw, and this secures any circular plane of apertures, p, we may choose to insert, at the same time that it admits of its revolution. A series of objects, either painted or mounted on glass slides, can thus be examined at one end by the light admitted through perforated planes at the other. As such an optical contrivance is a mere conductor of the light directly from the apertures to the eye, while at the same time it excludes all the extraneous rays, it may not inaptly and for convenience’ sake be denomi- nated a diascope: a term derived from the two Greek words, dia, through, and oxovew, I view. And when it is used for the purpose of multiplying images, it may be called the mu- tiplying diascope. The circular planes containing the apertures are made of thick pasteboard, perforated with a needle at intervals of the one-tenth ef an inch as before stated; and the openings may be- arranged in a variety of combinations, as shown in the patterns from one to six, page 220, of the last paper. Here let us notice that the round form of the images, de- picted on the retina when examining small apertures in this way, is determined by the shape of the pupillary opening of the eye rather than by that of the apertures themselves. Hence it is always circular whether these be round, triangular, square, or altogether irregular in-outline. This can easily be proved by perforating cards with triangular or square needles. The openings thus made when brought very near to the eye always appear circular. A little reflection will show that this is a necessary result, inasmuch as the outermost rays of the rapidly-diverging cones are intercepted by the zrzs, while the more internal rays pass on through the pupil, thus receiving their circular form. Hence if the pupil be widely expanded the discs will be large, and vice versd, but nevertheless always perfectly round. Let us now take a circular plane, presenting a combination of perforations arranged as to colour and relative position as in the outline, No. 4, page 225, of the last paper; and let us notice what kinds of images are presented to the eye when small bodies are examined by the light transmitted through them. Holding the instrument to the eye with a view to examine the apertures, we observe that the smallest particle of dust, or film of mucus, happening to exist on the surface of the transparent cornea, is immediately detected; and although such bodies have no definite shape, they are to be recognised interfering with the transparency of the discs, and forming an B 2 4 GORHAM, ON THE opaque spot or streak which occupies exactly the same posi- tion in each. Similar results are obtained if a small dot, no bigger than a pin’s head, be made on a slip of glass with Indian ink, and introduced into the eye-piece of the diascope. The dot now appears multiplied, and as many images of it are seen as there are apertures by which it is made visible. In like manner if a small semicircle be painted on glass, its images will be multiplied, but each image wil] be seen in- verted, and will appear as a black body on an illuminated and coloured ground. And if a small triangle, or any other figure of definite shape, be cut from a piece of black paper, and if the opening thus made be examined in the same way, a number of illumi- nated and coloured triangles will be seen on a black ground. It is when transparent figures are made according to this last method that really beautiful combinations may be produced. _ But here, in order to insure success, it is necessary that the transparent openings should never exceed in size the pupillary aperture of the eye, fig. 16. Hence they should always be made within the limits of a circle, the 0°18 of an inch in diameter, fig. 15; this being the mean of the greatest and least Fig. 15. Fig. 16. o © expansion of the pupil. If such transparent figures are made greater than this, the margin of the pupil will obstruct some of the external rays, and the outline of the image will thus be lost or badly defined. If, on the other hand, they are less, the quantity of light admitted into the eye will be too small, and the images but feebly illuminated. Such openings used as objects are to be considered as little else than artificial pupils, modifying the shape and contracting the size of every cone of light which is admitted into the eye from small apertures. When one of these transparent openings is held close to the eye, and examined with common diffused light, it becomes altogether invisible ; but, when it is viewed by the aid of a pencil of light from a small inlet, its outline is well defined and much magnified ; and the disc of the inlet, which would otherwise be circular, is replaced by the pattern we may choose to give to the transparency. _ And if the pupil of the eye itself, obliterated, as it often is, from disease, have a small portion excised from it, as in MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 5 the operation for artificial pupil, the newly-formed opening will appear inverted and multiplied in the same way; and each image, instead of being circular as it is in the healthy eye, will be seen to resemble the figure of the new and dis- torted pupil. But in order to demonstrate the images which this instru- ment is capable of presenting to the eye in the most satisfac- tory manner ; instead of cutting holes in pieces of black paper, a series of figures having a transparent body and a black out- line may be painted on glass with Indian ink. For this purpose round patches of ink, about the size of a fourpenny piece, should be laid on the centre of each glass slip with a camel’s-hair pencil ; and, when dry, transparent figures of the required shape and dimensions can easily be made by erasing a portion of the ink with a finely-pointed and slightly-moist- ened wooden style. The forms of such transparencies will suggest themselves to the ingenuity of the reader, but a few are subjoined by way of example (figs. 18 to 33). Fig. 18. 19. 20. 2A 22. 23. 24, 25. Fig. 26. 27. 28. 29, 30. 31. 32. 353. Fig. 18. Regular hexagon. | Fig. 28. Two semicircles. », 19. Hexagonal star. ,, 29. Triangle and semicircle. » 20. Rhomb of 60° | ,, 30. Curved and straight lines », 21. Curved triangle. intersecting at 60°. Soe LILLO, | ,, ol. Three lines intersecting at » 23. Trefoil. | : >, 24. Circle. | 4, 382. Two curved lines inter- s, 25. Concentric circles. secting at 60°. » 26. Triradiate star of 120°, | 5, 33. Two angles of 60° inter- », 27. Straight lines intersecting | secting. at 60°, | Such forms arrange themselves into two groups; those, for instance, which are entire in themselves, and which constitute elegant designs by their multiplication and the shifting of their relative position (figs. 18 to 25), and those again which are imperfect figures, but which produce entire compositions of great beauty by their combination (figs. 26 to 33). 6 GORHAM, ON THE As the apertures are arranged in lines which cross each other at angles of 60 and 120°, the outlines of the transparent figures should bear the same angular relation. Thus the modifications of the equilateral triangle, the rhomb of 60° and 120’, and the regular hexagon, a few of which are given in the above examples, are well suited for the purpose. When a transparent hexagonal star (fig. 19), slid into the eye-piece of the instrument and brought close to the eye, is examined by the light admitted through a combination of apertures, that, for instance, marked No. 4, at the 225th page, placed at the other end, the images of a number of stars are apparent. ‘These stars are seen to change their relative position with every movement, however slight, of the revolving plane. Sometimes they are observed to touch each other hy one ray, at others by two, while in intermediate positions the rays alternate.. The patterns which are thus formed are as variable as the parts into which a circle can be divided. They are shown in two of their phases of revolu- tion in the 4th and 5th figures of Plate VIII., Vol. IL. The concentric circles, fig. 25, thus multiplied display themselves with good effect. Their appearance is represented in the 6th figure of Plate VIII., which is produced by using the arrangement of apertures marked No. 5, page 225. But the combinations effected by the mutual coalescence of the images of the imperfect figures into one entire composite form are the most curious. Thus if the three-rayed star, fig. 26, be examined, its images will be seen either to alter- nate (fig. 9, Plate I., Vol. IIL.), or to resolve into one hexa- gonal reticulation with a dot in the centre of each mesh, as shown in fig. 10, Plate I., Vol. III. And the images of the figure, composed of the straight and curved lines, fig. 30, unite into many fresh devices; two of which are copied in the figures 7 and 8, Plate I. But it is needless to multiply examples, as those which have been already given will doubtless have sufficed to explain the construction of the instrument, and one of the purposes at least to which it may be legitimately applied. Hitherto we have confined our attention chiefly to the mui- tiplication of the images of artificial objects prepared expressly for the purpose, and viewed by the aid of the light admitted through small apertures. We are now to consider how the images of natural objects are magnified by the same means. Here let us notice, in limine, that we are not about to insti- tute a comparison between two optical instruments, the eye and the achromatic microscope, which although they are con- MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. ( structed on the same principles are yet totally different as to their uses. The healthy visual organ, itself a perfect instru- ment, “ converses with its objects” at almost all distances, and assists the other senses in becoming acquainted with the form, position, and magnitude of material substances. The microscope, on the other hand, all but a perfect instrument, enables us to see clearly and to examine certain objects, which from their small size and without its aid would be indistinct, if not altogether invisible. It is restricted to the small size and the short distance of its objects, and from its very construction it has magnifying powers which the eye neither possesses nor requires, If the eye were endowed with these, therefore, to the exclusion of its self-adjusting properties, whereby it discerns common objects in the ordinary way at great and small distances, it would be rendered com- paratively useless as a visual organ. Hence it were folly to attempt to invest this organ with functions, the possession of which would subject its owner to the greatest inconvenience. An exemplification of this position occurs to me in the case of short-sighted persons. When therefore we find ourselves enabled by a carefully- devised experiment to detect, with the naked eye, certain configurations upon or within an object which, we may sup- pose, has never before yielded an image at all excepting through the medium of a lens, we are not to imagine that we are thereby infringing on the domains of the microscope, which being constructed for this very purpose would present us, perhaps, with an image ten thousand times as large and distinct. But putting this instrument altogether out of con- sideration, and throwing aside all extraneous assistance, we are the rather to consider how the eye, which has certain limits to distinct vision for short distances, can yet adjust itself for spaces still smaller, and in so doing become con- verted into a kind of natural magnifying glass. We have now therefore to turn our attention to certain microscopic objects, which are to be examined and resolved without a lens of any description; and we are stimulated to an inyestigation of this kind by recollecting what has been already attained with respect to the magnitude of the images of small apertures themselves, when placed under circum- stances the most favourable for their inspection. Amongst these we cannot fail to have noticed at least two conditions necessary to be fulfilled in such investigations, viz.—First, that the object be held very near to the eye; and secondly, that every ray of light, excepting what is required to illumi- nate the object, be carefully excluded. The first insures an 8 GORHAM, ON THE enlarged image, whilst the second prevents a too great con- traction of the pupillary opening. Hence the necessity for examining objects through small darkened tubes, and hence, too, the necessity for closing the eye which is not engaged in exploring. Again, we must not overlook the fact, that in using a small aperture for the purpose of examining any transparent sub- stance there are two methods which may be employed. By the one, the object is viewed through the aperture; by the other, the aperture is viewed through the object. The former has been almost always adopted by the curious, the latter scarcely ever. It is capable, however, as these papers show, of eliciting so many phenomena peculiar to itself, that Iam surprised it has not been frequently used, and the results carefully investigated. Each of these plans throws a different picture on the retina of the eye, and of this the transparent animal membrane chosen for the following experiments will afford, when examined in both ways, abundant exemplification. For the purpose of presenting very small objects, mounted on microscopic slides in the usual way, before the eye at small distances behind a minute aperture, and to exclude the surrounding rays of light, I took an upright box of pasteboard about one inch and a half deep, and one inch and a quarter in diameter, and having cut a couple of slits through one of its sides sufficiently large to admit of a slip of glass an inch broad sliding to and fro, I made two small apertures opposite to each other, the first the one-thirtieth of an inch, and the second the one-fourth of an inch in diameter ; and these were so disposed, that when the glass slip with a small object Fig. 34. mounted on its centre was introduced through the slits, the two apertures and the object were all in one straight line ; while the slide was about a quarter of an inch behind the smaller opening, see fig, 34. MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 9 With this simple apparatus [ could examine very small transparent objects at pleasure, either by the light of the sun or of a taper. Whilst, however, it has been thought better to notice the dimensions of the apertures,. &c., for the conveni- ence of others who might wish to repeat the experiments, it must not, by any means, be supposed that they are the best adapted to insure success, or that better could not be devised. Having been engaged in the preparation of a series of dis- sections of the compound cornea of the eye in insects, I naturally subjected one of these beautiful objects to the first experiment in my lens-less microscope. Here, however, for the informa- tion of those who may not be conversant with these objects, or the peculiarities of their structure, it may be remarked that the roundish, prominent, transparent elevations observed, generally one on each side of an insect’s head, constitute the membrane in question. This membrane forms at once the defence and the covering to the delicate parts in the interior of the eye, as well as the transparent medium by which the light is admitted into this tiny organ. It is analogous, more- over, to the transparent cornea of the eye in the higher classes of animals in being transparent, composed of several firmly- adhering layers, and forming the outermost of all the coverings of the eye. But it is altogether dissimilar in this respect, that it is found to consist of an immense number of facets or little pieces lying, side by side, like fine mosaic; and which from being of a regular hexagonal shape, and arranged in perfect order, present when examined under the microscope an appearance like a honeycomb, Hence it has received the name of compound cornea. The eye of the large insect, called the dragon-fly, is recom- mended for a first trial in dissection, because it is not only very large but exceedingly beautiful. The compound cornea is at once separated from the rest of the eye with a pair of finely-pointed scissors, and the dark thick pigment which fills the inside is then washed away by soaking in a tumbler of cold water for an hour or two, and then using a camel’s-hair pencil. To procure it in a perfectly clean and transparent state, however, it is better to wash and rewash it after macera- tion for two days in frequently-changed cold water. Then, while still moist, let small circular pieces be excised with a small punch, and pressed immediately between two slips of glass. In a few days they will have become dry and flat, and may then be mounted in what is called the dry way, as if for the microscope. I wish it was in my powe’ to convey to my readers an idea of the great beauty of one oi these specimens ; to say nothing 10 GORHAM, ON THE of the wonderful arrangement whereby upwards of twelve thousand planes, each a perfect hexagon, are packed in a bit of membrane scarcely so large as half the little finger nail. “J have often,” says the celebrated Leeuwenhoek, *“‘ made re- peated dissections of the eyes of various kinds of insects, merely on account of the pleasure the contemplating them afforded me.”* But few, however, seem inclined to investi- gate these subjects for themselves, trusting rather to that second-hand kind of knowledge derivable from books. This distaste for exploring the works of nature may possibly, in some instances, commence with the limited resources of the pocket ; the very preparation of a microscopic object in- volving the necessity for a costly instrument wherewith to investigate it. If, however, I shall succeed in pointing out certain beauties peculiar to the compound cornea in the eye of the insect, which may be discovered with the naked eye, and without a microscope, this membrane will haye become invested with a new interest, and thus others may be stimu- lated to a like inquiry. But to return. Having inserted a slide containing a circular section of the eye of the dragon-fly in the box prepared for the purpose, I proceeded to examine it. Recalling to mind, however, that each of the hexagonal facets is barely the six-hundredth of an inch across, and that many hundreds of such facets are contained in the smallest section, it was much to anticipate that such a structure should be resolved by a process so simple; and when on viewing the membrane, by looking at it through the small aperture, while a lighted candle was held nearly close to the larger one, it presented a semi-opaque and altogether homogeneous appear- ance, I had almost concluded that my efforts were frustrated. To overcome the difficulty was reserved, however, for a future trial. Now if, instead of a candle, a small wax taper be used, and if this be held at the distance of from five to nine feet, rather than close to the large aperture, a beautiful sight pre- sents itself. Instead of the flame of one taper, there are exhibited the miniature images of the flames of many tapers ; and these are not only very definite in their outline so as to be immediately identified, but they are arranged at regular intervals. But, what is still more curious, each image, except the central one, is seen to be composed of the colours of the prismatic spectrum,—violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red; of which the extreme tints are so disposed that the blue portion in each image is always nearest to the central or colourless flame, and the red the most remote from it. Hence the blue and the red tints alternate in concentric * Leeuwenhoek, vol. ii. p. 841. MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 11 circles. When the images which are most distinct, for those near the margin look fainter, assume in the aggregate the form of the hexagonal star, which they not unfrequently do, the appearance is striking and uncommon, see fig. 11, Plate I. The simplicity of the process by which such a spectacle is produced, together with the novelty of the sight itself, did not tend, of course, to diminish the sense of its gorgeousness ; and I was delighted to find a natural multiplying glass in a tissue, which had already contributed so much to my ad- miration and wonder when examined under a compound microscope. On viewing the sun in the same way, each small and per- fectly circular image presented the rainbow tints in the same order, as in fig. 12, Plate I., and the multiplied images of the pale moon were scarcely less beautiful. _ I may remark, in passing, that the taper flame and the image of the moon were seen through a specimen mounted in Canada balsam ; but the rays of the sun were less distressing to the eye when examined through a specimen mounted in the dry way. Thus, although I had not, in this experiment at least, suc- ceeded in rendering visible a magnified image of each hexagon in outline, which indeed was the object of my research, I had, in effect, resolved the reticulated structure of the membrane; for in this way only could the peculiarities of a multiplying medium have presented themselves. The interval between each image served, moreover, to indicate the apparent enlarge- ment of each facet, and thus to give a notion of the magnify- ing power of short spaces. Still bearing in mind the comparatively enormous magni- tude imparted to images on bringing the objects which pro- duce them very near to the eye, and recollecting that the image of a mere needle-puncture seen at half an inch is magnified no less than a million times, it was difficult to renounce the idea of the practicability of defining the hexagonal lattice- work of an insect’s eye with the naked eye, and without the assistance of a material lens. In the former attempt the membrane seemed too opaque to disclose its minute internal configuration, a specimen was therefore now mounted in balsam to increase its transparency. This, however, did not succeed; on the contrary, it had become so indistinct that its structure could now be scarcely made out even with a microscope. In order to define the hexagons it was evidently necessary to colour the membrane. A few specimens were macerated, therefore, for four days in a decoction of logwood, and then carefully dried and mounted 12 GORHAM, ON THE in balsam. In this way they were rendered sufficiently diaphanous to transmit a strong light from the sun without injuring the eye, and their reticulations were not obscured Having prepared the object, it was necessary to decide upon the distance from the eye best suited for examining it; and as the nearest position would insure the largest image, this was accordingly adopted. The mode of illumination also required consideration, in order that the light should be of such intensity as to make the object visible without dazzling or injuring the eye. The quantity of light received by any object is often measured with an instrument invented for the purpose, called a photometer ; but a box with small apertures pierced through the bottom might be shown to constitute a good and efficient substitute for such an instrument. For it is to be inferred from the remarks contained in the sixth para- graph, that when a small object is examined by the aid of the pencils of light admitted through such apertures, it is illumi- nated by the sum of their intensities. Hence the quantity of light thrown upon the object will be regulated by the number of the apertures, being very nearly proportional to them: that is to say, the intensity from two apertures will be nearly twice as great as that from one. By varying the number of apertures, therefore, we can regu- late the illumination of the object with the greatest nicety. It follows that there is no better way, perhaps, of exploring minute objects with the naked eye, than by holding them, mounted on a slide of glass, as near to the eye as possible, and examining them by looking at them from the inside of a smail box through apertures made in the bottom, and which are covered with tracing-paper, by the aid of a strong light. And this is effected by using the little instrument, to which I have ventured to give the name of diascope. Thus all the conditions were fulfilled; for, 1, the object was rendered sufficiently transparent to transmit the rays of light freely, and sufficiently opaque to prevent the solar rays dazzling the eye ; 2, it was coloured to make all its parts visible ; 3, it was brought sufficiently near to the eye to be enormously magnified ; and 4, all extraneous rays of light, those which were not immediately concerned in the illumination of the object, were shut out. It remains to be noticed that the ex- periment was crowned with success; for, on examining the membrane by the direct rays of the noonday sun, the whole of its area appeared reticulated, and several well-defined hexagons were seen in its centre. While, as a red tint had been communicated to the specimen, its reticulations were most easily discerned in the red discs, inasmuch as the tints of all MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 13 substances are most brilliant when viewed in light of their own colour, By way of recapitulation, I shall beg to sum up with the following remarks :— 1. When small bodies are brought very near to the eye, their images are magnified, just as images of larger objects when seen at a distance are diminished, and by the same law. 2. The apparent magnitude of objects depends on their visual angle. 3. The visual angle, for short distances, may be well illus- trated by employing a small circular disc of light. A minute circular disc of light is procured by perforating a card with a needle, through which the light is then permitted to pass. 5. A sewing-needle, of the size marked No. 6, produces an aperture about the one-fortieth of an inch in diameter. 6. In order to examine the light which is transmitted through such an aperture, all extraneous rays should be ex- cluded ; hence the plane in which the opening is made should be placed at the end of a tube. 7. The pencil of light admitted through an opening of this kind, held within an inch or so of the eye, consists of rapidly- diverging rays falling upon the cornea. Some of these are entirely lost, others are intercepted by the iris, while the re- mainder pass on through the pupil, which communicates to the image formed on the retina its circular form. 8. Whether the small aperture itself be round or triangular, square or irregular, in form, provided its area do not much exceed that of a circle the one-fortieth of an inch in diameter, its image is always circular. 9. When more than one aperture is used, and these of different tints, secondary colours result from the overlapping and blending of the images of the primary. 10. If the three primary colours, yellow, red, and blue are used, their images, which overlap in pairs, produce orange, violet, and green light; and when the images of all three blend white light is the result. 11. When a small transparent object is held close to the eye it is altogether invisible. 12. But its outline is immediately determined by the light transmitted through one of the small inlets above described, and it is then seen to be not only magnified but inverted. 13. The image becomes much more distinct when more than one aperture is used, for the intensity of light by which it is illuminated is thereby increased, being almost in a direct ratio with the number of the openings which are employed. 14 GORHAM, ON THE 14. The pencils of light which are used for this purpose not only illuminate the object, but intersect in their passage through it, producing as many images as there are apertures. 15. Hence, when a small object is examined by the liwht admitted through small apertures, it will appear magnified, inverted, multiplied, and illuminated with variable degrees of intensity. : ’ : 16. The apparent magnitude of an object varies with the distance of the source of light by which it is rendered visible ; when this recedes, the pencil of light has less divergence, and the object appears smaller; when, on the other hand, it ap- proaches the eye, the visual cone has a rapid expansion, and the object still held in the same position appears magnified, 17. All these effects are demonstrable by using artificially- prepared transparent figures, the dimensions of each of which do not exceed the diameter of the pupillary opening of the eye. 18. It is probable that the minute structure of many natural transparent objects may be recognised in the same way. The hexagonal facets in the eye of the dragon-fly certainly can. 19. These phenomena are, for obvious reasons, but imper- fectly discriminated by short-sighted persons. 20. And, finally, it should be noticed that the investigations resulting in the phenomena described in these papers were commenced, and have been conducted throughout, for the specific purpose of testing the power of the naked eye in con- centrating the rapidly-diverging rays of light, proceeding from bodies when held at very short distances from it unaided by a lens ; and from these inquiries it would appear, amongst other results, that the magnifying power of the eye is limited by the magnitude of the visual angle on the one hand, and by the intensity of light on the other. Ifthe visual angle be too large, the rays are not sufficiently refracted by the humours of the eye to converge to a focus, and form an image on the retina ; and if too small, the image is reduced to a mere point. The exact amount of divergence of the rays, therefore, for any individual eye lies somewhere between these two extremes. Again, however nicely adjusted the visual angle may be to the refractive powers of the eye, if the light be too strong the pupil becomes so contracted that only the innermost rays are admitted ; while, if it be of small intensity, the object is so dimly illuminated as to be scarcely visible. If, then, whilst a small object is held very near to the eye, so as to insure a rapid divergence of the rays proceeding from it, the pupil can be dilated by the small quantity of light which is used, and to which like a photometer it immediately responds, so as ee MAGNIFYING POWER OF SHORT SPACES. 15 to admit as large an angle as the lenses of the eye are capable of refracting, at the same time that the object is rendered distinctly visible, then, under such circumstances, we have arrived at the utmost limit to the available magnifying power of the eye. These conditions are fulfilled in the diascope ; which may be defined to be an instrument which enables us to develop the microscopic power of the eye by retaining an object close in front of it at one end, while it is examined by the light admitted through small apertures at the other.* With such a simple optical instrument, altogether destitute of glass, a series of images may be presented which have never before been seen with the naked eye; and by its use we are led to a legitimate conclusion, capable of direct proof, that when a transparent figure is held very near to the eye for the purpose of magnifying it, if an image is seen at all, its size will bear an inverse ratio to the intensity of light by which it is made visible. In my next communication, which will embody the second part of the subject, I shall beg permission to describe and de- lineate another set of forms distinct from those which have been noticed in this, and which are produced by substituting straight or circular very narrow apertures of light for the per- forations. With such apertures, figures are seen as in perspec- tive, lines appear expanded into planes, and these are multi- plied into solids, which, from being of an ethereal brightness, bear a resemblance to models of regular geometric solids of pure glass. On the Sprrat Tureaps of the Genus Tricuta. By Freperick Currey, Esq., M.A. Ir anything were wanting to show the extent of the field of research, which is open not only to the student but even to the more advanced inquirer in botanical microscopy, it would be sufficient to direct attention to some of the many points in vegetable anatomy upon which the opinions of observers not only differ from one another, but are so utterly and diameiri- cally at variance, that if the one side be right the other must be altogether wrong. Commencing upon the threshold of vegetable life, opinions are still divided as to the structure of the primary membrane of the walls of young cells, Mulder and Hasting contending that the young cell-membrane is _ pierced like a sieve, whilst Von Mohl asserts that it is com- * This instrument may be procured at Mr. Highley’s Scientific Library, 32, Fleet-street, London. 16 CURREY, ON THE SPIRAL THREADS pletely imperforate. Again, the question of the mode of growth of the thickening layers (that is, whether they are de- posited upon the outer or inner side of the primary membrane), although considered by some botanists to be quite decided, has lately been discussed at some length in a new work by Dr. Schacht,* which shows that the subject is not yet ex- hausted. The apparently fibrous structure of many /iber-cells, the nature of the milk-vessels, the connexion between spiral and reticulated vessels, the structure of the chlorophyll gra- nules and starch, are all matters upon which our present knowledge must be considered imperfect. A long list might be placed before the reader of questions respecting vegetable structure, upon which the opinions advanced upon the one side are flatly contradicted on the other. Without multiplying instances, | may mention the question of the origin of the embryo in phenogamous plants as one peculiarly illustrative of the point to which I have alluded upon this question. This question, which although physiological in its import, can only be decided by anatomical investigation, embraces two parties whose views are hopelessly irreconcileable ; yet each side is equally positive. Each party asserts that they have actually seen that which they describe, which it is hardly necessary to remark is just as impossible as that a thing should be both black and white. Schleiden alleges that he has set the matter at rest by his investigations, and established an incontrovertible theory; Von Mohl states that Amici has destroyed Schleiden’s theory at one blow, and that the matter is quite settled in its principal features the other way. The spiral threads, which it is the object of this paper to discuss, hold a conspicuous place amongst disputed vegetable structures, so far at least as relates to the variety of the opinions entertained respecting them. The genus Trichia constitutes a tribe of minute fungi, growing principally, in fact almost exclusively, upon rotten wood, and generally of a yellowish or tawny colour. They belong to the order of the Gasteromycetes, in which the spores, which are often inter- mixed with hairs or threads, are developed in the interior of a case, termed a peridium or sporangium. ‘They form part of the sub-tribe Myxogasteres, in which the plants first appear in the form of a slimy mucilaginous stratum, out of which at a later period the spore-cases are developed. The different species of Trichia grow in various ways; in T. pyriformis the peridia, are joined together in a fasciculate manner, in 7. clavata they are scattered at small distances from-one another, * Beitrage zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Gewachse, by Dr. H. Schacht. Berlin, 1854, OF THE GENUS TRICHIA. . 17 in T. chrysosperma the peridia, although quite distinct, are so densely aggregated as to cover completely the spot upon which they are spread, in T. serpula the peridia are flexuous, creeping, and irregular in shape. When the fungus is mature the peridium bursts, and the spores in its interior are dis- charged. It is generally supposed that one purpose for which the threads are designed is to assist in scattering the spores, for their elasticity is very great. Ifa specimen of Trichia be examined immediately after the bursting of the peridium, the threads are seen protruding through the fissure and apparently struggling for egress; when viewed through the microscope at this period with a low power, they have a slow waving sort of motion, not unlike that of the threads of the Oscilla- torie ; if the whole of the mass of threads be extracted with a needle it appears like a small fragment of yellow wool. When a minute portion of this yellow flocculent mass is ex- amined moist, under the microscope, with a power of about 200 dimnoters, it is seen to consist of narrow delicate fibres having fine spiral markings covering the whole of the walls. A reference to fig. 1, Plate II., which shows a fibre of Trichia chrysosperma, will give a general idea of this spiral appear- ance ; and it is with regard to the nature of these threads, and the cause of their spiral appearance, that so much difference of opinion exists. Corda claims to have discovered these threads, which he calls spiral-fibrous-cells (spiral-fiber-zellen) ; but they were observed about the same time by Mr. Berkeley, and in fact could not fail to have been noticed by any person hap- pening to examine a fragment of the woolly mass with a moderately good microscope.* Corda, in a letter addressed to Baron Humboldt, and which was published at Prague in 1837, enters at some length into the nature of these spinal-fibrous cells, and considers them to be analogous to the elaters of the Jungermannie. After ad- mitting that weighty objections might be raised against the comparing of them with the spiral cells found in the walls of the capsules of the Jungermannie, and in the sporangia of the Equisetacez, or with those in the leaves of Sphagnum, he comes to the conclusion that no unprejudiced person can deny the following facts with regard to their structure :— 1. That they consist of a simple or stratified cellular mem- brane. ) 2. That this membrane encloses one or more spiral fibres. 3. That the spiral fibre is of a rigid fibrous structure. He then traces the spiral form through the cells of * The structure seems to have been /irst noticed by Hedwig, Obs. Pot. Fasc., i. p. 14; and next by Kunze, Myc. Heft I1., p. 94. VOL, II. ) 18 CURREY, ON THE SPIRAL THREADS Nepenthes and the vessels of the Conifer up to the perfect spiral vessel, and afterwards the degeneration of the perfect spiral vessel into the ‘“worm-shaped bodies” (wurmf6ninge kérpen) in the tub-rs of the Orchidex and in other plants, concluding with an expression of opinion that these spiral fibrous-cells must be considered as imperfectly developed forms of the spiral vessel.* Soon after the publication of Corda’s observations, Mr. Berkeley noticed the threads in question in the Annals of Natural History, and stated that so far as he had investigated them they differed in no respect from the spiral vessels of the higher plants. The next observer was Schleiden, whose opinion was en- tirely opposed to the fibrous theory of Corda and Berkeley. He (Schleiden) says that he has reason to believe that no spiral fibre exists, but that the threads are flat band-like cells spirally twisted, thus attributing the spiral appearance to the existence of a twist in the cell-wall. Dr. Schacht in his ad- mirable work, “* Die Pflanzenzelle,”’ subscribes to Schleiden’s opinion, and states that he was long ago convinced that no spiral band exists, but that the appearance by which Corda was deceived arises from the torsion of flat thread-like cells. According to Schacht, Dr. Klotzsch found that in an early stage of the threads no spiral appearance was visible. Mr. Henfrey in a late communication to the Linnean Society has given the result of his own observations, and expresses a very confident opinion as to the existence of a spiral fibre; so much so that, having the greatest faith in the observing powers of Schleiden and Schacht, he is driven to doubt the goodness of their instruments. A careful examination of the threads of several species of Trichia has led me to a conclusion different from those of the observers above referred to; and I will proceed to state the objections which appear to me to exist against the theories of Corda, Berkeley, and Henfrey on the one side, and of Schacht and Schleiden on the other. There is no substantial difference between the views of Corda and Berkeley, who agree in the main point of the existence of a spiral fibre. In the first place the non-existence of spiral vessels in other genera of fungi | (Batarrea perhaps excepted) affords some prima fucie ground for supposing that the organisms in question do not * Corda’s expression is, ‘* Yrstarrte Trawmbild,” meaning literally, “ a vision become rigid.” t Bonorden, in his ‘ Handbuch der Allgemeinen Mycologie,’ states, that a spiral fibre exists in Arcyria punicea; but this, I apprehend, is a mistake. OF THE GENUS TRICHIA. 19 contain fibres. It does not seem probable that spiral vessels, which have always been considered a type of advanced organi- zation, should be altogether wanting in the vast tribe of the Hymenomycetes, that they should disappear at the close of the series of the higher Cryptogamia to come to light again in the lower scale of the Gasteromycetes: this argument of course is by no means conclusive, but in a question where so much difference of opinion exists it is deserving of consideration, and cannot safely be altogether rejected. Again the shape of the T’richia-threads exhibits a great departure from the ordi- nary form of spiral vessels ; Schacht, in the work to which I have alluded, asserts that spiral vessels are seldom branched, and mentions two instances as cases of unusual occurrence, in which branched spiral vessels have been observed : the accu- racy of this statement has been questioned, and it has been alleged that spiral vessels are frequently branched, especially in endogenous plants ; but whichever view be correct, I appre- hend that a branched spiral vessel must be considered abnormal in form, and consequently when we find, as was long since noticed by Corda, that the Trichia-threads are very frequently branched, and sometimes to an extent almost amounting to reticulation, this fact must be admitted to weigh something in the scale against the probability of the existence of fibres. Another objection arises from the rapidity with which the Trichia are matured. It is well known that the Myzogasteres, as well as some other of the Gasteromycetes, grow with astonishing rapidity. Batarrea gaudichaudi, a South Ame- rican species, attains its full size in a few hours ; the develope- ment of Phallus impudicus is familiar to every person who has directed any attention to the subject of fungoid growth, and the genus Trichia forms no exception to this rule. Now if spiral fibres exist, they must be admitted to be formed in the same manner as all other spiral fibres are supposed to be produced, viz., by gradual and successive deposits of thick- ening matter upon the internal wall of the cells; and if this be so, it is difficult to see how, in the short period allotted for the completion of the growth of the fungus, the fibres can find time to perfect themselves. A further objection arises from the impossibility of de- taching the apparent spiral from the wall of the cell; I assume that this has never been effected, because if it had been the question would be concluded. I have tried the action of many reagents upon these threads, but have never succeeded in obtaining a free fibre. Now if the elaters of a Junger- mannia, with which more than with anything else the Zrichia- threads have been compared, be treated with sulphuric acid, c 2 20 CURREY, ON THE SPIRAL THREADS the cell-membrane is dissolved and the spiral fibre left free ; I have tried the effect with the Trichia-threads, and have found them either to resist the action of the acid altogether, or, if the acid operated, that the threads became uniformly charred, but presenting nothing to lead to the conclusion of the existence of a spiral fibre. Moreover, if iodine and sul- phuric acid be employed, the effect produced upon the cell- wall and upon the supposed spiral fibre is the same. Another objection to the fibre theory appears to me to arise from the unevenness or rather waviness of outline which exists in almost all the threads which I have examined, and which is not usual in spiral vessels in general ; and also from the fact that the end of the supposed fibre is never to be seen pro- truding from the cell, which might be expected when the threads are ruptured as they frequently are. The theory of Schleiden and Schacht that the spiral ap- pearance is caused by the twisting of flat band-like cells is very difficult to be maintained, and I cannot help thimking that they have formed their opinions from an examination only of such simple threads as are represented in figs. 1 and 4. It might be possible for the spiral appearance in such cells to be produced by a twist, but I cannot conceive how the “ Dre- hung um sich selbst,” as Schacht expresses it, of the cells can be calied in aid to explain the spiral appearance in such a thread as that of 7’. serpula, shown in fig. 8; the thing seems to be mechanically impossible. If the above theories be incorrect, it may be asked, in what other manner is it possible to account for the spiral appear- ance? Now it seems to me that it may be accounted for by supposing the existence of an accurate elevation in the wall of the cell, following a spiral direction from one end of the threads to the other This supposition would, I think, accord well with the optical appearances, and it would account exactly for the undulations of outline to which I have before referred, I have in my possession a thread of Trichia chrysosperma, in which the spiral appearance is so manifestly caused by an elevation of this nature — in which it is so clear that no internal spiral fibre exists—that I do not think there could be a doubt in the mind of any person carefully examining it with a power of 500 diameters, that the cause of the spiral appearance is not a spiral fibre. I have also a species of Arcyria, in which the threads are (as in the other Arcyria) echinilate or denti- culate, and the teeth appear to take a spiral direction round the threads ; these teeth are mostly at a short distance apart; — but at a spot where the teeth are so close as to have become confluent, the appearance produced is almost precisely the OF THE GENUS TRICHIA. ps | same as the appearance in the Trichia-threads. [| have scen on one occasion the membrane of a thread of J. pyriformis unrolled spirally in the manner represented in fig. 10, Plate Il. ; this circumstance is somewhat curious, as membrane does not ordinarily unrol in that manner, although it has been observed by Professor Quekett to take place in the hairs of the fruit of Cycas reroluta.* I do not know that this fact has any very strong bearing upon the question of structures; but if, as would seem to be the case from its greater transparency, the elevated position of the cell-wall is thinner than the rest, it is easy to imagine that a rupture of the wall would be likely to take a spiral direction. The following is a list of the Trichia hitherto recorded as British, viz., Trichia pyriformis, serotina, fallax, clavata, tur- binata, chrysosperma, varia, Serpula, Neesiana,~ and Ayresit ; and to these must be added Trichia nigripes, which I met with last autumn in the neighbourhood of Eltham in Kent. With regard to the preparation of the Trichia-threads for the microscope, there are many methods which may be used. Owing perhaps to the dense crowding of the hairs, the getting rid of air-bubbles is the principal difficulty. Alcohol is the easiest medium to employ, and [ have reason to think that the colour of the threads is not affected by it, which is the only thing which might be feared. Deane’s gelatine is a very good preservative, and may be used without difficulty if the threads are previously left to soak for some hours in chloride of cal- cium ; and castor oil answers admirably well, although when this is used there is sometimes a little difficulty in fixing the thin glass cover. In conclusion, I would venture to express a hope that some of the readers of the Microscopical Journal may be induced to direct their attention to the investigation of these disputed threads ; irrespective of the interesting question of structure, the beauty of the objects will fully compensate them for the trouble of examination. Observations on APHANIZOMENON F'Los-aqua&, and a species of Peripinea. By G. J. Attman, M.D., Professor of Botany _ in the University of Dublin. Tue substance of the following communication has already appeared in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy ; * See Lectures on Histology, p. 100. + Fries has expressed an opinion that Trichia Neesiana is identical with T. rubiformis ; Bonorden, however, asserts, that in 7. rubiformis there is no spiral appearance. If this be so, they cannot be identical ; for 7. Neesiana shows the spiral marking more beautifully than any which | have examined. 22 DR. ALLMAN, ON but haying made some additional observations, I have thought them of sufficient interest for publication in the Microscopical Journal. The first part of the paper consists of the results of some observations made on Aphanizomenon Flos-aque. This minute alga has appeared in great abundance in the large pond of the Zoological Gardens, Dublin. The best account we possess of the plant is in an excellent paper on the Nostochinee, by Mr. Ralfs;* but as the specimens from which Mr. Ralfs’s description was drawn up were not in a recent state, some important points of structure have neces- sarily escaped him. A. Flos-aque shows itself in the form of little fusiform fasciculi, of a pea-green colour (Plate III., fig. 1), which are most frequently seen united to one another in larger bundles, fig. 2, This union of the primary fasciculi into secondary ones is not permanent, and under certain circumstances very imperfectly understood ; but, in some cases, depending perhaps on meteorological conditions, the secondary fasciculi become broken up into primary ones, or, at least, into less compli- cated bundles, and the plant, which had previously lain upon the surface of the pond in an extensive stratum, becomes nearly uniformly diffused through the water. a). es rhombus. 33 £8 bes Cab) = quinque-oculus, Kutz. » punctulata. Podosira maculata. “i convexa. Melosira sulcata. 55 elliptica. Ss Borreri. » palpebralis. Dictyocha speculum. I have also two fine specimens of what I thought to be a new Navicula; but on referring them to Mr. Smith, he in- formed me that it had been already observed by Mr. Hennedy, and it has bgen named WV. Hennedii by Mr. Smith. It was in this deposit that found the first specimen of the T'riceratium which has been described and named by Mr. Roper as 7. armatum. ? The prevailing form, however, is the Navicula Jennerti, which is extremely abundant. The specimens of Coscino- discus are also magnificent and abundant. Of the Triceratia, T. favus, and T. comptum (?) are very abundant. 7". alternans occurs but sparingly. The beautiful valve of Actinocyclus sedenarius, described by Mr. Roper in his paper on the Thames mud, occurs but sparingly; all the other forms in the foregoing list are tolerably abundant, and occur also in the 380 and 40 feet deposits. T. favus occurs also pretty frequently at both these depths, while in the 30-feet deposit I found a most curious and in- teresting form, of which I have sent specimens. Mr. Smith informs me it is the Cerataulus turgidus of Ehrenberg, and will be the Biddulphia turgida of Mr. Smith’s second volume. [ am not aware that it has been hitherto figured or described by any one as a British species. But it is not always necessary to resort to the boring apparatus to obtain material for investigating these deep THE MUD OF MILFORD HAVEN. 29 deposits. Wherever excavations for building or other pur- poses are going on near the banks of a tidal river, there will be found an ample field for the industrious observer. At Swansea, for instance, where some docks are now being constructed, I have obtained some rich samples of Diatoma- ceous clays, The strata through which these excavations are being made occur in the following order :-— Feet, Gravel and sand ; + 10 D Clay 5 Peat 1 Sandy clay 4 D Clay 2 Peat 1 Clay 2 Total 25 The lowest bed of this clay, at 25 feet depth, is literally “swarming” with Epithemia musculus and Surtrella striatula : other marine forms are abundant; while the fact of two beds of peat lying above it shows its extreme antiquity. The other two beds of clay above it, marked D D, are also rich in Diatomaceous remains. I have not yet had time to examine these deposits thoroughly, so as to make lists of the forms occurring in them; but a comparative examination of the three beds would be highly interesting, and I hope to be able to prepare one for the next number of this Journal. Again, from a brick-yard near Carmarthen, which is now upwards of a hundred yards from the present banks of the river (the Towy), and at a depth of about five feet below the surface of the ground, [ have obtained a sample of the old tidal deposit which now forms the brick-earth, and which is full of the most magnificent specimens of T'riceratium favus and Coscinodiscus that I have ever seen; while the beautiful Actinocyclus sedenarius, with its sixteen septa, is of common occurrence. From the foundations of a bridge we are now building over the Cleddan near this town (Haverfordwest), I have also obtained a rich sample of clay at a depth of about 10 feet, and at about 20 feet distance from the present bank of the river. In this sample the fresh-water forms occur more fre- quently than in the other deposits. This might be expected, as the tidal influence does not extend very far above this point. 1 could enumerate many other instances which have come under my notice, but it would be only a repetition of the 30 ON A POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND, above facts: indeed, I have rarely tried a sample from any of these clays, either near a fresh or brackish stream, in which a careful washing would not eliminate abundance of Diatoma- ceous remains. Of course, some will be richer than others, but I have found them in all. Let it not be thought that too enthusiastic a view has been taken of the subject. I have sent a set of slides illustrative of all the above-mentioned deposits to the Editors of this Journal, and I think they will bear me out in the assertion that neither their richness nor their interest has been overstated.* From these facts it appears that not the surface merely, but the whole mass of these tidal deposits, is penetrated by these minute and wondrous organisms; while from the fact of their being found at Neyland at a depth of 40 feet below the present surface, and close upon the rock which forms the original bed of this estuary, the mind is irresistibly led to the conclusion that they have existed there from the time when the waters first rolled over the spot, when silence and soli- tude reigned supreme where now resounds the ‘ busy hum” of the hundreds who are employed in bringing one of the great arteries of commerce and civilization to its ocean home. In making out the list of the forms in the Neyland deposits, I have carefully abstained from inserting the names of any but those which [ could identify with certainty, either from Mr. Smith’s work or from information furnished to me by Mr. Roper, to whose kind assistance I am deeply indebted during the time I have been studying the subject. Being but a beginner in the study, [ thought this the best plan to adopt; but I am sure, from what I have observed, that were these deposits well examined by other and more experienced inves- tigators than myself, the list might be far more extended, and many new forms brought to light. Still, if I shall have been the means of drawing attention to the subject of these deep deposits, or of extending in any way, however small, the boundaries of this interesting field of research, I shall feel amply recompensed for any trouble I have taken in this matter, On a Post-Tertiary Lacusrrine SAnp, containing Diatoma- crous Exuvia, from Glenshira, near Inverary. By Wit- LiAM Grecory, M.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry. Tis remarkable deposit was sent to me in February last by the Duke of Argyll, who had found it in the valley of Glen- * The slides sent us by Mr. Okeden are uncommonly rich in the various forms of Diatomacee.— Eps, CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVLE. 31 shira, the waters of which flow into Loch Fine, well known as asea-loch, at its upper part. The sand occurs above a mile from the mouth of the valley, lying under a considerable depth of good alluvial soil. It is nearly black, with shining particles of mica, and very dense. It consists chiefly of the detritus of the surrounding mountains, formed of micaceous schist, and contains therefore much quartz and mica. There is also a considerable proportion of an iron ore, and of a dark matter of vegetable origin, and apparently somewhat of a peaty character. To the last-named ingredients the dark colour of the sand is due. On placing a little of it under the microscope, I noticed one or two Diatomaceous forms, such as a Navicula didyma, a Cocconeis scutellum, and a Synedra radians. But the propor- tion of these was so small that without some purification nothing could be done. A fter various trials, I found the fol- lowing plan to yield tolerably satisfactory results. The mass was first warmed, and when the violence of the action had passed, boiled, with the most concentrated nitro- muriatic acid. This not only dissolved the iron ore, but completely removed the dark organic matter, and left a sand of a pale-yellowish colour, in which the Diatomes were more easily seen. The next step was to remove, by subsidence in water and decantation, the greater part of the quartz and all but the finest and lightest scales of mica, which, having much the same density as the shells, could not be got rid of. Any attempt to push the process farther caused a loss of shells. The residue thus obtained was now found to be rich in Dia- tomes ; and when mounted in Canada balsam, the mica became so transparent as not materially to interfere with the exami- nation of the shells. The entire residue did not exceed 1-20th of the original sand, and the Diatomes formed only from 1-5th to 1-drd of the residue, so that they could not have amounted to much more than 1 or 2 per cent. of the mass. It will be seen from this, that the Glenshira deposit is of an entirely different character from those earths in which Diatomes have usually been found in the fossil state, such as the Raasay or Mull deposits, which consist entirely of Diato- maceous shells. On the other hand, it presents all the cha- racters of a lacustrine or estuarial deposit or mud, such as the Thames mud, or similar deposits now forming in estuaries or lakes. Of course the predominant mineral ingredients are such as are yielded by the adjacent rocks, and the Diatomes have merely been deposited in small proportion along with these. We shall see that there is a very remarkable analogy, 32 ON A POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND, as far as concerns the Diatomes present, between this sand and the Thames mud recently described by Mr. Roper in the second volume of the ** Journal.”’ The first glance at the Glenshira sand under the micro- scope leads to the observation, that, like the Thames mud, it contains both marine and fresh-water forms. In this respect it resembles the deposit or mud of all estuaries. From its position, however, there is every reason to conclude that it was formed in its present locality, when that part of the valley was occupied by a fresh-water lake, which is now confined to the lower part of the valley, but has evidently extended much higher in former periods. The question of course naturally occurs, whence came the abundant marine forms? But this is easily explained, if we attend to what is going on in the present small fresh-water lake. The level of this lake is pre- cisely that of half tide, so that at high water the sea flows into it, while at ebb tide the water of the lake runs into the — sea. This remarkable state of matters produces a mixture, in the lake, of fresh-water and marine forms, both animal and vege- table. The Duke of Argyll mentions, that nets, thrown for salmon in the lake, have been drawn up full of herring ; that other marine animals occur in it, and that marine alge are also found, dwarfed by the influence of the fresh water. Having been supplied with some of the deposit or mud now forming in the lake, I examined it, and found it very closely to resemble the sand from the higher level, save that the pro- portion of organic matter was considerably greater. But, like the older sand, it contains both marine and fresh-water Diatomes, and these belong in many instances to the same species. I have noticed some difference in the relative pro- portions of species, and I shall take an opportunity of care- fully studying the recent deposit or mud of the lake; but in the mean time I can state, that in all essential characters the recent deposit agrees with the fossil one. From these facts it may be inferred that the lacustrine sand of Glenshira, which I refer to the post-tertiary period, on the authority of the Duke of Argyll and of Mr. Smith of Jordanhill, both of whom are familiar with the localities, was formed in the lake when that lake occupied the part of the valley where the sand occurs, and that the relative levels of lake and sea were then the same as now. This seems to be the simplest mode of accounting for the abundance both of fresh-water and of marine forms, Had the sand been depo- sited in sea water, it could not have been, as it is, extremely rich in fresh-water species, and there is no reason to suppose CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVIE. 33 it to have been formed in an estuary, like the Thames mud, when we see a similar deposit in course of formation at the present hour in the fresh-water lake, not much more than a mile from the spot. But if this be admitted, then it must also follow that, since the relative levels of sea and lake were the same then as now, and since the sand occurs at a considerably higher level than that of the present lake,—it must, I think, follow, that the sea has fallen, or the land has risen, since the period when the sand was deposited. This is a conclusion at which geologists have arrived in many instances, from other phenomena, such as raised beaches, as, for example, in the Clyde, with which Loch Fine communicates. It is interesting to find the study of the Diatomaceous forms, occurring so scantily in this de- posit, assisting to throw light on one of the questiones vexate of geology. I have said that the Diatomes are but scantily diffused in the Glenshira sand; and this is true, since they do not much exceed 1 per cent. of the mass. But when we examine the purified or cleaned residue, in which they are, as it were, concentrated, we are struck at once with the very large number of species present. In thif respect the Glenshira sand far surpasses every de- posit hitherto described, even that of Mull, in which I have found 150 species, and the Thames mud, in which Mr. Roper detected 104 species. In the Mull deposit all the species, with a very few excep- tions, and these so rare as to be evidently accidental, derived from the proximity of the sea, and possibly carried by the winds, belong to fresh water. But in the Thames mud and in the Glenshira sand, as already stated, both classes of forms occur abundantly. It is this which accounts for the large number of species. Up to the present time I have recog- nised in the latter not less than 240 species, and I am quite satisfied that a good many remain to be identified. Judging from what has been done already, I cannot doubt that the umber of species will, before long, amount to at least 250. In consequence of the circumstances under which it has been formed, this deposit does not contain any one or more greatly predominant form, as is generally observed to be the ase in deposits formed where the Diatomes grew and died. s they have all been transported by water, they constitute, hen the quartz, mica, and other matters which separate them re removed, a mixture of a very remarkable kind, in which large number of forms are tolerably abundant, and a still arger number are pretty frequent, while none are so pre- VOL. IIT. D 34 POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND dominant as we find them in recent gatherings, and a good many are so scarce, that we have often to search long before finding additional specimens, although with patience we generally succeed in doing so. The peculiar constitution we have described renders a com- plete study of this deposit a work of much time and labour. I soon found that it was only by pursuing the minute and systematic mode of search which I have described in my account of the Mull deposit, that I could hope to determine the species present in this one. I have found it, however, advantageous, in consequence of the large number and relative scarcity of new forms in the Glenshira sand, to adopt the plan of marking any striking forms, or such as require to be ex- amined, or are to be figured, when first observed. I find the best way of marking is, after fixing on the form, to put on the 2-3rd objective, and under that power to place one spot of — ink just above, but not on, the form. This is much more rapidly and easily done than drawing a circle round it, and it interferes much less with the remaining forms. A note is kept of all the spots made on each slide, arranging them in a certain order, according as they follow in the regular course of sweeping the slides. By this means any marked form is instantly recovered ; and I have been able to place in the hands of Mr. West, in the course of one forenoon, a number of new and striking forms so great, that without some such method I could not have pointed them out, from their com- parative scarcity, under a much longer time. It may be here mentioned, that, in studying a mixture like the present, no examination, short of a thorough and minute search, would suffice. Without this we should infallibly miss a large proportion of the most interesting forms. To give some idea of the necessity of this, I may state that I have found it necessary to explore, minutely and repeatedly, 60 well-filled slides of this deposit, and that I have not yet ex- hausted it, as even now I hardly ever search one of these slides without observing something new or interesting pre- viously overlooked. This is no doubt very laborious, but without labour nothing can be well done, and in the present case the results have been highly satisfactory. Ihave recognised upwards of 200 known species, while a number remain that for the present I cannot exactly name, for want of good figures; and besides this, I have distinguished about 25, probably more, new and un- described forms, most of which are very interesting. Such is a general account of the results obtained ; and after these pre- liminary remarks I shall now proceed to the details. I shall CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVL®. 35 first give the list of known species, under the two heads of marine and fresh-water forms, as Mr. Roper has done in the case of the Thames mud; and I shall then briefly describe the new species, which will also be figured. But as circumstances have rendered it impossible for me to have more than one plate in the present number of the ‘ Journal,’ I am compelled to reserve one-half of the figures till the next number. © It is proper to explain that I shall have to mention several new forms, as occurring in this deposit, which | do not figure, although no figures have as yet appeared of them. The reason is, that these forms have been recently observed by others, prior to me, and it is to be presumed that the first observers will take an early opportunity of describing and figuring them. [I propose to figure all such forms as are now, for the first time, distinguished by myself, and also some striking varieties of known species, in which the Glenshira deposit is uncommonly rich. Without further preamble, let us now proceed to the list of known forms. 1. Marine Species, including such as occur in both sea water and brackish water, as well as th/se which seem to belong to brackish water more especially :— 1. Epithemia Musculus. 22. Amphipleura sigmoidea. 2. Amphora affinis. 23. Navicula Liber. 3 a tenera. | 24, 2 Smithii.* 4 costata. | 25. x Jenneri. 5. Cocconeis Scutellum. | 26. pS convexa. 6. As Grevillii. | 27. oh elegans. 7. Coscinodiscus radiatus. | 28. J palpebralis. 8 re excentricus. 29. - punctulata. 9. Eupodiscus crassus. | 30. ~ pusilla. 10 fs Ralfsii. | 31. = Didyma. 11. Campylodiscus parvulus. 32. % nitida.f 12. Surirella fastuosa. 33. B granulata, Bréb.t 13. = constricta. 34. Pinnularia directa. 14, Tryblionella punctata. 35 - Cyprinus. £5. te acuminata. 36 - peregrina. 16. Nitzschia Sigma. 37. Stauroneis puichella. a7. - angularis. 38. oa salina. 18. s birostrata. 39. Pleurosigma formosum. 19. Amphiprora alata. 40. ae angulatum. 20. - constricta. 41. a Balticum. 21. ip vitrea. 42, < strigosum. * N. elliptica, W.Sm. M. de Brébisson has given this name, on account of the term ‘elliptica’ having been long applied to another species by continental writers. + This is a beautiful new species, to be figured in vol. ii. of Mr. Smith’s ‘ Synopsis.’ t Also a very fine new form. Prof. Arnott finds it in the Clyde. yp 2 36 43. 44. 45. 46. POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND Pleurosigma rigidum. Synedra superba. =3 acicularis. Gomphonema marinum. 56. 57. 58. 59. Biddulphia aurita. Melosira Borreri. i sulcata. Orthosira nummuloides. 47. Achnanthes longipes. 60. Podosira hormoides. 48. *3 brevipes. 61. $3 maculata. 49. +3 subsessilis, 62. Bacillaria paradoxa. 50. Rhabdonema arcuatum. 63. Dictyocha Speculum. 51. minutum, 64. a3 gracilis. 52. YZygoceros Surirella.* 65. 3 Fibula. 53. Grammatophora marina. 66. a trifenestra. 54. serpentina, 67. Schizonema Crux. 55. Amphitetras antediluvianum. Total, 67 marine species. Il. Fresh-water Species, including such as occur in both fresh and brackish water :— 1. Epithemia Hyndmanni. 34. Cyclotella operculata. 2. _ turgida, 35. rotula. 3. S gibba. 36. Campylodiscus costatus. 4, # Argus. 31. bicostatus.f 5. ee Zebra. 38. Surirella minuta. 6. m Westermann. 39.. ,, ° pinata: ie 5 rupestris. 40. 4; ovata. 8. 3 Sorex. 41. és Brightwellii. 9. Pe proboscidea. 42, 5 Crumena.t 10. 5 alpestris. 43. Tryblionella marginata, it, 7 longicornis. 44, Cymatopleura Solea. Wee constricta. 45. Nitzschia sigmoidea. 13. Cymbella Ehrenbergii. 46. 5 minutissima. 14, 6 Helvetica. 47, # acicularis. 15. » Scotica. 48, = linearis. 16. 4 maculata. 49. a amphioxys. aie 3 affinis, 50. vivax. 13. cuspidata. 51. Amphipleura pellucida. tg. Eunotia Arcus. 52. Navicula rhomboides. 20. monodon. 53. i ovalis. 21. * diodon. 54, . minutula. 22. » triodon. 55. i firma. 23. * tetraodon. 56. s affinis. 24, » bigibba. 57. A amphisbeena. 25. ss Camelus. 58. a crassinervia. 26. J incisa. 59. rr lanceolata. 27. depressa. 60. We gibberula. 28. Amphora ovalis. 61. Bs angustata. 29, is minutissima. 62. Semen. 30. Cocconeis Pediculus. 63. Pinnularia major. 31. » Placentula. 64, 35 viridis. 82. é Thwaitesii. 65. 95 lata. 33. Coscinodiscus minor. 66. acuta. * Figured by Mr, Roper in No. VII. of the ‘ Journal.’ t Figured by Mr. Roper, loc. cit. { A new fresh-water species, first distinguished, I believe, by Professor — Walker Arnett. CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVL#. 37 67. Pinnularia radiosa. 105. Gomphonema dichotomum. 68. jn oblonga. 106. Pe Fusticulus.t 69. - divergens. | 107. = insigne.f 70. * gibba. | 108. Meridion circulare. GA: 3 gracilis. 109. A constrictum. 72. * viridula. 110. Achnanthes exilis. 73. fin mesolepta. 111. Achnanthidium lanceolatum. 74, a stauroneiformis. 112. 4 coarctatum, 75. ‘6 latestriata.* Bréb. 76. 7 undulata.* | 113 Himantidium majus. (xe ”» tenuis.* | 114. 7 Arcus. 78. es parva.* ails a pectinale. fee a exigua.* 116. re gracile, 80. Stauroneis Pheenicenteron. eT. 5 bidens. 81. > gracilis. 118. Fragillaria capucina. 82, 3 anceps. HOE - virescens. 83. x dilatata. 120, Odontidium mesodon. 84, Ee punctata. 121. om mutabile. 85. rectangularis.* 122. - Tabellaria. 86. Pleurosigma attenuatum, 123. a Harrisoni.§ 87. Synedra Ulna. 124. Denticula tenuis. 88. m radians. 125. sinuata. 89. 2 pulchella. 126. Tabellaria fenestrata. 90. ” obtusa. 197. a flocculosa, 91. se biceps. 128. ss ventricosa. 92. Pp lunaris. 129, Diatoma vulgare. 93. acicularis. 130. cf elongatum. 94, Cocconema lanceolatum. 131. Melosira varians. 95. “a Cistula. 132. Orthosira arenaria. 96. a cymbiforme. 133. %5 nivalis. Mie = gibbum. 134. Mastogloia elliptica. 98. Gomphonema geminatum. 135. Dansei. 99. i acuminatum. 136. Colletonema neglectum, 100, - coronatum. 137. e vulgare. 101. 3 curvatum. 138. Ss subflexile. 102. constrictum. 139. Encyonema prostratum. 103, as capitatum. 140. a ceespitosum. 104, - tenellum. Total, 140 fresh-water species, which, added to 67 marine forms, gives a grand total of 207 species, known as British. To these must be added a few which have now, for the first time, occurred in this country, though known on the Continent. Such are— r. 208. Navicula nodosa,|| Kiitzine. 209. Pinnularia pachycephala,4] Rabenhorst. 210. ‘ (Navicula) Gastrum,** Ehr. * These six species are figured in my account of the Mull deposit. { This species has lately been distinguished by Mr. Smith. { A new species, which I shall describe and figure in the next number of the ‘Journal,’ along with several other recent forms, which I have observed during the past year. § A beautiful form, lately detected by Mr. Harrison. || To be figured in the next number of the ‘ Journal.’ 4 Occurs also in the Mull deposit, and will be figured in next number. ** This form is figured in the present paper. See fig. 20. 38 POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND We have thus in the Glenshira sand 210 known and de- scribed species, with the exception of one or two recently observed and likely to be soon figured. But I feel quite assured that there are a good many more, belonging to this category, which I am unable clearly to identify, from the want of good figures, especially in those genera to be figured in vol. ii. of Mr. Smith’s Synopsis. In particular, there appear to be several discoid forms of the genera Melosira and Orthosira, &c., which will be found to be of known species. Let us now turn to those forms which appear to be un- described, of which the proportion is unusually great in this deposit. It has been already mentioned that only about one- half of these forms can be figured on the accompanying plate, and that the remainder will be given in the next number of the ‘Journal.’ It will probably be best to describe the forms here figured as they occur on the plate, in which the order of the Synopsis is followed. It must be borne in mind that some of the figures represent varieties of known forms, and that the two first belong to the two new forms observed by me in the Lillhaggsj6n and Liineberg deposits, and described in last number of the ‘ Journal.’ Fig. 1, Plate IV., shows two forms of Hunotia Falx, W. G. This very remarkable form needs no farther descrip- tion beyond what will be found in the ‘Transactions of the Microscopical Society,’ vol. i, p. 105. It has not yet oc- curred as a British form. It occurs with fresh-water species. Fig. 2 represents an example of MNitzschia Sigmatella, W.G., also observed in the two deposits just named. But it occurs, as I have formerly stated, in the Mull deposit also ; and since describing it I have found it, not only in the sand of Glenshira, but also in a recent gathering from Elchies, in Banffshire. It is therefore a British species, and, from the Banffshire locality, belongs to fresh water. (211.) Fig. 3. Cymbella truncata, W.G. This pretty and well- marked species occurs in the Mull deposit, but sparingly. It is frequent in the Glenshira sand, and cannot, I think, be referred to any of the species of Cymbella or Cocconema, figured by Mr, Smith. Of course it is impossible, in a fossil - deposit, to ascertain whether it be really a Cymbella, that is, free, or a Cocconema, tliat is attached by a stipes. It is pos- sible and even probable, that this species has been noted on the Continent, but I have not been able to see any figure with which it can be safely identified. It is very uniform in its characters, always exhibiting the truncate or square ends from which I have named it. It is sometimes a good deal longer than the figure here given, which may be taken as typical. CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVLE. 39 It is a fresh-water form, and [ have found it in many recent gatherings. (212.) Fig. 4. Amphora Arcus, W.G. This fine form has not occurred in its entire state, but is frequent in the detached condition. The halves have precisely the form of a strung bow, often very elegantly curved. The striz are coarse and moniliform. I have no certain means of ascertaining its habitat, but I suspect it to be marine. (213.) Fig. 5. Amphora incurva, W G. This is also a very pretty form, most probably marine, and occurring detached, like the last. The strize are very much finer than in A. Arcus. (214.) Fig. 6. Amphora angularis, W.G. This is a striking form, and unlike the two preceding it occurs now and then com- plete, when it exhibits short square apices. It has a slight constriction in the middle. Habitat unknown. (215.) Fig. 7. Cocconeis transversalis, W.G. This neat little form is distinguished from the other species of the genus by having Bel Watisverse:strize.. Its forin is a pure oval. Habitat not known. (216.) Fig. 8. Cocconeis speciosa, W.G. This form is nearly allied to C. Sentellum, but is usually smaller, and has somewhat of an anguiar form. The chief distinction lies in the striz, which are much less numerous than in C. Scutellum, not exceeding 12 in ‘001”, and they are formed of much fewer and much larger granules. Like C. Scutellum it occurs both with and apparently without a margin; and it might be taken for a variety of that species, but for the number and peculiar character of the striez. I have closely searched several slides of marine origin, full of Cocconeis Scutellum of every degree of development, but I have not found in them one example of C. speciosa. 1 therefore regard it as a distinct species. (217.) Fig. 9. Cocconeis distans, W.G. This very beautiful form is at once characterised by the equal size of the dots or gra- nules, and their great distance from each other, so that it almost loses the aspect of striation. The form is purely oval. (218.) Fig. 10. Cocconeis costata, W.G. This is a fourth new species of the genus, and is at once characterised by its very strong and entire coste, which seem to be double lines or bands, expanding a little externally. It is a perfectly well- marked species. ‘The habitat of this, as well as of the two preceding forms, is unknown, but they are probably of marine origin. (219.) Fig. 11. Eupodiscus, qu? Ralfsii 6. ‘This disc, which is not unfrequent, has a finely-radiate surface, the radii composed of small puncta, as in E. Ralfsiz. But there is no trace of the peculiar blank spaces among the rays, which, so far as I know, 40 POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND appear to be characteristic of 2. Ralfsiz. This latter species occurs with the usual characters ; and I am inclined to regard the form, fig. 11, as distinct, but do not venture to give it as a species without further investigation. It is, in all proba- bility, a marine form. Fig. 12. Surirella fastuosa B. This species is finely deve- loped, insomuch that it might almost be taken for a distinct species. I am disposed, however, to regard it only as a finely- developed S. fastuosa, as figured by Smith, and probably more truly typical than the form he has figured. It agrees well, except in being larger, with Kiitzing’s figure. It is known to be a marine species. Fig. 13. Tryblionella constricta, W.G. This pretty little form is very frequent in the deposit. Its form is that of Cymatopleura apiculata, but it is very much smaller, and has all the characters of Tryblionella. Strie transverse, fine, but distinct. I am informed by Mr. West, that he long ago met with it in gatherings from Poole Bay. It is a marine form. (220.) Fig. 14. Amphiprora vitrea, 8? This fine form is frequent in the deposit. The peculiar arrangement of the median line, with its double curvature, at once strikes the eye. Indeed, on comparing it with the figure of A. vitrea, in the ‘ Synopsis,’ it might be supposed to be a distinct species. But in the mean time, and until further examination, | zyefer it to the species named. It is a marine species. Fig. 15. Navicula birostrata, W.G. This is a well-marked species. Form elliptical, with contracted, slightly produced, somewhat truncate apices, Striz fine, somewhat inclined. It. appears to vary a good deal in size. Habitat unknown. (221.) Fig. 16. Navicula rhombica, W.G. This beautiful form is frequent in the deposit. Its form is rhombic, varymg from short and rather broad, with obtuse apices, to long and narrow, with acute apices. Striz very fine, transverse, quite distinct, even in balsam, which at once distinguishes it from JV. rhom- boides. The median line and central nodule are also quite different ; and, in consequence, it differs totally in aspect from NV. rhomboides, which is also present in the deposit, and with which it cannot be confounded, Habitat not known. (222.) Fig. 17. MNavicula gastroides, W. G. This form, when small, has some resemblance to NV. pusilla; but is of much stouter habit, and has a brown colour, even in balsam. Besides this, it occurs much larger, being then more elliptical, while the smaller individuals are often almost orbicular. Strize radiate and inclined, The median line and central nodule are very strongly developed, and the short apices appear as the CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVLA. 4] truncate extremities of the broad median line. Its habitat is not certainly known, (223. Fig. 18. Navicula crassa, W.G. This is a fine and well- marked species. Form elliptical, with a very slight inflexion before the obtuse apices, It varies considerably in size; has a very stout habit, and a brown colour in balsam. There is a large round spot in the centre, within which the two halves of the median line terminate in small round knobs, but do not meet. Striz transverse, very fine, but distinct, not quite reaching the central line. It is frequent in the deposit, and is probably a marine form. (224.) Fig. 19. Navicula maxima, W. G. This is a fine large form, much less frequent than any of the preceding. Form linear, elliptical, broad, with obtuse extremities. Strie fine, transverse, reaching the central line. There seems to be a variety which is longer and narrower. Habitat unknown. (225.) _Fig. 20. Pinnularia (Navicula) Gastrum, Ebr. This little form is new to Britain, having been found by Ehrenberg in Mexican and North American gatherings. It is short, broadly lanceolate, with obtuse extremities slightly constricted. Striz distinct, strongly radiate. The habitat is not given in Kiitz- ging, but it is probably marine. (226.) Fig. 21. Pinnularia apiculata, W. G. This is another well-marked little species, which is not rare in the deposit. Form linear, narrow, contracted to small truncate apices. Striz distant, transverse, hardly reaching the median line. Habitat unknown. (227.) Fig 22. Synedra Vertebra, W. G. This form, which is very frequent in the deposit, belongs to the same division as S. pulchella and §. acicularis. It differs, however, from both these forms, which also occur in the deposit, and can thus be compared with it, in the remarkable relative width of the central portion, which has a somewhat curved outline, and the equally remarkable way in which it suddenly contracts to the very slender terminal portions. In the largest specimens, these are very long. Its form resembles that of certain ver- tebree, and it has been named so as to recal this resemblance. Nodule strongly developed. Striz very fine. The habitat of this species is unknown, (228. Fig. 23. Synedra undulans, W.G, This is, perhaps, the most remarkable of all the forms in the Glenshira sand, It is exceedingly elongated, and so slender that a_ perfect specimen has not yet occurred to me, It consists of a middle portion rather wider than the rest, tapering both ways to a very small width, From this point it extends on both sides, 42 POST-TERTIARY LACUSTRINE SAND for a long way, of uniform width, and terminates in small oval expansions. The narrow part has strong moniliform striae, which, in the central and terminal expansions, are resolved, except just at the margin, into a general granulation. The margin is undulated, except for a short distance from each apex. It will be seen by one of the figures, which is not so long as some are, that the narrow part, on one side, without any part of the central long expansion, is frequently so long as to extend the whole way across the field, with a power of 400, that is, probably, 1-50th to 1-40th of an inch. This would make the length of the entire form to be probably from the 1-20th to the 1-15th of an inch, or more. This, with its extreme tenuity, accounts for its not occurring entire in a deposit carried by water, where it must have been constantly agitated. I have been informed by Mr. West, that a similar form, possibly of the same species, although shorter, occurs in a gathering from Port Natal, in the hands of Mr. Shadbolt. This curious Synedra is, therefore, a marine form, and I anticipate that it will be found recent on our own ccasts. (229.) Having now briefly described the new forms in the Glen- shira sand, so far as they are here figured, I am compelled to postpone the remainder to the next number of the Journal, in which another plate will be required for them, as very nearly as many reinain to be described as we have now been enabled to figure. In the meantime, besides the Eunotia Falzx, which is not yet a British form, we have described 18 new forms, all from this one deposit, and one new to Britain. ‘These, added to the list of known forms, make up the number of 229 species now recorded as occurring in the Glenshira sand, besides those to be hereafter noticed and figured. It may be noticed here, that I intend to publish, as soon as the necessary figures can be prepared, a description of a very remarkable series of forms, occurring both in the Glenshira sand, and in various fresh-water gatherings, in which, indeed, I first observed them. They agree perfectly in general aspect, and the peculiar characters of the markings; but differ to a very surprising degree in form or outline. These may possibly constitute several species, and would certainly be considered as such by some authorities. But, both on account of their resemblance, or rather identity, in markings, and from the occurrence of intermediate or transition forms, by which the different types appear, in many cases at least, to pass into one another, there is some ground for regarding them as be- longing to one species. Without deciding this question, I CONTAINING DIATOMACEOUS EXUVIE. 43 have, for the convenience of description, grouped them under the name of Navicula varians, and I feel assured that the study of these forms will throw much light on the question, to which I have already directed attention, of the true value of form as a specific character. I cannot conclude, for the present, without expressing the very great obligations | am under to Mr. Tuffen West, not only for the great care and accuracy with which he has drawn and engraved the figures, but also for the valuable assistance I have derived from his extensive and exact knowledge of the British Diatomacee in this long and laborious investiga- tion. It is, indeed, fortunate for British microscopists that they have an artist who is not more distinguished for the beauty of his drawings than for his knowledge of the micro- scope, and his intimate acquaintance with the objects to be represented. N.B.—Since the preceding pages were printed, I have observed a fragment of Synedra undulans in a slide from Poole Bay, sent to me by the Rev. W. Smith. I have no doubt that the gathering, if searched, will yield entire speci- mens. I am also informed by M. de Brébesson that he has seen the same form in marine gatherings from Brest, but supposed it to be S. gigantea, Lobarzewsky, from which species, however, he now finds it to be quite distinct. I may take this opportunity of mentioning that the follow- ing species must be added to the list of known forms in the Glensbira sand, as I have noticed them quite recently. 230. Trybleonella angusta. 233. Gomphonema cristatum. 231. 93 Scutellum. | 234, Mastogloia apiculata. Sm. 232. Amphiprora elegans, Bleakley. } No. 232 is a splendid marine form, observed last spring by Mr. Bleakley, near Harwich. No. 234 is a very fine marine species, which occurs in great abundance along with 232 at Poole Bay. I have understood that Mr. Smith has named it as above, but that it may possibly be referable to another species.—W. G. A few Remarks on a Paper, read before the Royal Society by Dr. J. W. Grirriru, on the ANcuLAR APERTURE of OpseEctT- Guasses. By Dr. F. pv’ Atquen. In the last number of the ‘ Microscopical Journal’ an abstract of the above paper was given, and, if you think the subject of sufficient interest to your readers, I should feel obliged if the following observations could appear in your next number, in refutation of the only novel point in Dr. Griffith’s paper. 44 DR. F. DALQUEN ON Mr. Wenham states, in one of his valuable papers, that the markings on test objects become visible by a contrast of light ; and the attention of the reader will at once be brought to the point upon which the whole question hinges, when I add that the gist of Dr. Griffith’s paper is an attempt to show how this contrast of light is produced, and why the markings can only be seen under an object-glass of large angular aperture, and not with one which is deficient in this respect, however great its magnifying power may be. In answering these proposi- tions the Doctor states, in substance :—The markings, those on a valve of a Gyrosigma, for instance, being in reality de- pressions, the light, on passing through them, suffers greater refraction from the perpendicular than the set of rays corre- sponding to the undepressed, thicker, and therefore more highly refractive portion of the valve, and we have thus two sets of rays of different degrees of obliquity—the former of which, as the most oblique, is tilted out of the field of the microscope, whilst the second set is admitted, if the angular aperture of the object-glass is sufficiently large; and thus is the contrast of light produced which renders the markings visible. If the aperture of the object-glass is deficient, no contrast is produced, and the markings remain invisible ; but the explanation of this point is the author's difficulty, and it is not easy to single out in precise language his meaning. At all events, the ‘‘ rem invisam verba sequuntur” we cannot apply to this part of his explanation, which, in so acute an observer as Dr. Griffith generally is, can only be accounted for by his labouring under the difficulty of having te reconcile facts to a preconceived speculative theory of his own. It is self-evident, if the tilting out of one set of rays were the cause of the markings becoming visible, that this must equally, and even more readily, take place under an object-glass of small aperture, because not only the rays tilted out from the object-glass with large aperture, but even those admitted by it, as far as they exceed the angular aperture of an object- glass with deficient aperture, are naturally excluded, or tilted out with regard to the latter; in fact, no rays could by any possibility become excluded from an object-glass, with large aperture, which were not co ipso also tilted out from an object- glass with deficient aperture: it is therefore clear, as expe- rience tells us, that certain markings cannot be seen with such a glass under any circumstances, that the contrast of light is not produced in the manner stated, nor can the tilting out of certain rays, if it takes place at all, be the cause of rendering the markings visible, ‘This objection loses, also, nothing of its force when “the author states, that the angular aperture must THE ANGULAR APERTURE OF OBJECT-GLASSES. 45 be greater as the markings are more delicate, because it would require greater obliquity of the light to exclude one set, and the other would be too oblique to enter the object-glass, unless it be of corresponding large aperture. Now I do not see the cogency of this, because, in this sentence, if he had said, that the obliquity of light required must be greater if the aperture was large, I readily could understand him, though the inverse would be equally clear, viz., that the obliquity of the light required for the exclusion of one set of rays would be less, if the aperture were small; but why the obliquity must be greater as the markings are more delicate I cannot understand, nor has the author given us any reason for it, but assumes it as a natural consequence, as implied by the word “ because.” If there was a law in optics, that, by greater obliquity of light, the ratio of con- or di-vergence between two rays was in- creased, I readily could admit the pertinence of the above remark ; but that would be saying that the refractive index of any medium varied with the angle of incidence, while we know that the sinuses of the angles of incidence and refraction stand, with regard to the same medium, always in a constant proportion. The greatest obliquity of light is therefore sepa- rate, the two sets of rays not more than they are under ordi- nary illumination. Further, if the second set is likewise too oblique to enter the object-glass, if not of corresponding large aperture, it would follow, that, under an object-glass of defi- cient aperture, both sets of rays, those corresponding to the depressed (the first), as well as those corresponding to the undepressed portion of the valve (the second set), are excluded, and thus nothing at all of the object could be seen, which is simply absurd. In disregard of the simple and plain fact that the efficacy of the greater over the lesser aperture depends upon the admission and not upon the exclusion of certain rays, the author goes on to say: “The most difficult point has been to explain how it is that an object-glass of large aperture will render markings evident which were not visible under an object-glass of smaller aperture.” I freely admit that, as I have shown, if we adopt the author’s theory, the explanation is not only difficult but impossible. Nor does this difficulty vanish, as he states it does, when we recollect that the addi- tional rays admitted by the larger aperture are more oblique ; because, how can the admission of ‘additional rays prove the tilting out of others, which is the point at issue? Observe: hence one set of rays will be refracted from the field (pray, why ?), whilst the other will enter. In my opinion, there is no sequitur, which that very convenient little word ‘ hence” seems to imply, but the same gratuitous assumption as we have 46 DR. F. D'ALQUEN ON already noticed before. Moreover, it must not have appeared quite conclusive to the author himself, because he continues : “ Or to simplify this most important point, the object may be regarded as illuminated by two sets of rays, one correspond- ing to those admitted by the object-glass of the smaller aper- ture, the other set, to these plus those admitted by the excess of angular aperture of the second over the first.” Now we may not only regard with the author the object as thus illu- minated, but we know that such is actually the case, and that the efficacy of the larger aperture over the lesser depends simply on the admission of additional rays which were too oblique to enter the latter; but simple as this is, we must ask again, how can the admission of additional rays, here assumed, prove the tilting out of others? Mark the answer: the first set not being sufficiently oblique to allow a portion of them being refracted beyond the angular aperture of the first object- glass, while the second set are so. Now every one will admit that this illustration proves nothing, because the rays admitted by the first object-glass are as oblique with regard to its angular aperture, and the practicability of becoming tilted out as the rays entering the second to its corresponding larger aperture. Another objection which is, & prior?, as palpable as those I have already noticed is this: if the markings are rendered. visible, by the tilting out of certain rays, it would follow, as the fewer rays will be tilted out the greater the aperture, that the markings, instead of becoming more distinct, must have their distinctness impaired in the same proportion as the angular aperture is increased ; yet experience tells us that the reverse is the case. If we further assume that the illumina- tion remains the same, the more we increase the angular aper- ture, the more it would become impossible to realize the alleged conditions for rendering the markings visible; and with every degree added to the aperture, the markings ought to get fainter, which is contrary to the fact. Lastly, from the excessive minuteness of the depressions, it appears to me highly improbable that the difference thereby occasioned in the thickness or substance of the valve should be the cause of giving a different refractive index to different portions of the valve; and I feel more inclined, with other observers, to attri- bute the modification which the light undergoes, on passing through it, to peculiarities in the structure of the markings themselves. However, let us proceed from assertions and counter assertions to practical experiment, the ultima ratio in an inductive science, By means of a small pipe of an injecting syringe, with an THE ANGULAR APERTURE OF OBJECT-GLASSES. 47 opening of 1:30” diameter, fixed to a small glass tube in an adaptor, in the place of the achromatic condenser, I illumi- nated the prepared valve of a Pleurosigma Balticum, mounted dry, by as direct and straight a light as could be done; and under an object-glass (+), whose aperture I had reduced to 50°, both sets of stria were visible. I next increased the aperture, by substituting a larger stop, to 65°, and the markings became much more distinct. A similar result was obtained by suc- cessively increasing the aperture to 75°, and, lastly, to 90°, when the distinctness of the markings was most strikingly increased, and the whole object more brightly illuminated. It cannot be doubted that a similar result would have been obtained, had I been able still to increase the aperture of the object-glass ; and if the author's theory was correct, in doing so, the light being straight, the markings ought to have be- come fainter and fainter, and disappeared entirely at last, as, with every degree added to the aperture, fewer rays could become refracted out of the field of the microscope. This experiment proves further, the light being direct and straight, that the obliquity of the emerging rays must be due to the peculiar structure of the markings, and does not arise from a difference of density, as assumed by the author; and further, that the visibility of the markings depends upon aperture and not upon illumination, though the latter may serve to increase their distinctness, while, without the former, any kind of illumination would remain ineffective. A similar experiment, previously made, having made it probable that the set of rays corresponding to the depressions did not pass through them at all, but was completely inter- cepted, and either refracted or reflected into the substance of the valve towards the margin of the depressions, thus leaving the latter themselves dark, it was desirable to devise another experiment, on such a scale as would admit of a practical proof regarding the phenomena concerned. For this purpose, I put a thin layer of Canada Balsam, nearly deprived of its turpentine, so that it hardens as quickly as it cools, on an ordinary glass slide, and, with the delicate bristles of a seed of an Erodine, I made a number of minute markings respect- ing depressions while the balsam was yet soft, but not so soft as to stick.* It being admitted that the markings on the gyrosigma, for instance, consist of depressions in the siliceous substance of the valve, and Canada Balsam having almost the same refractive index as silica, agreeably to Mr. Wenham’s * Tf the balsam is already too hard, it cracks, the surface of the depres- sions, becomes uneven, and forms new sources of refraction, which is also the case if the markings penetrate down to the glass. 48 ON THE ANGULAR APERTURE OF OBJECT-GLASSES. experience, I had thus, as nearly as I could, imitated, on a large scale, the valve of a Gyrosigma. On examination of the slide thus prepared under the microscope, I found it covered with dark spots or dots, surrounded by a very lumi- © nous margin or ring. This may even be seen if the slide is laid on white paper and closely examined ; each indentation produced in the layer of balsam will instantaneously be followed by a shadow or dark spot on the paper, with its halo. Now, if the markings had, in this instance, been as close and near to each other as is the case in the valve of a Gyro- sigma, for instance, this experiment would have lost a great deal of its interest, because, in that case, the luminous rings would have become confluent, if I may borrow this expression, and invisible, by being lost in, and forming the general illu- mination of the undotted portion of the layer; but, as seen now, each opaque spet has it own halo, which is of course produced by the interception of the rays corresponding to the depressions, which, instead of passing through them, emerge at their margins, thus forming a luminous ring, leaving the depressions themselves dark, Now, be it well observed, this is the identical set of rays which, according to Dr. Griffith’s theory, is refracted out of the field altogether; and it is evi- dent, if that had been the case in this instance, the luminous rings would not have been formed at all. But in order fur- ther to prove that no rays are tilted out of the field proceeding from the depressions, I drew out before the blowpipe a small glass tube in a very fine hair-like filament, and this delicate condensor I held directly over the opaque depressions, with- out, however, receiving any evidence of rays issuing there- from, while the portion above the halo was likewise brilliantly illuminated. This is, I think, the most direct way of disproving Dr. Griffith’s hypothesis. If the phenomena witnessed in this instance are the same as occur in the exa- mination of the valve of a gyrosigma, the manner in which the markings are displayed and rendered more or less dis- tinct, accordingly as the aperture of the object-glass is large or small, finds an easy and natural explanation in the differ- ence of the aperture itself, and its ordinary operation. The luminous rings are formed mainly of oblique rays proceeding from the lowest point of the depressions upwards and round them ; the greater the aperture, the more oblique rays enter, and the greater the contrast, and vice versa. If we depress the object-glass gradually, we can trace the rays down to the point from which they proceed—the dark spot gradually dis- appears, and is at last replaced by a very brilliant point, from ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. 49 which the rays seem to radiate in all directions ; if we depress still further, this luminous spot also disappears, and we see nothing but the uniformly-illuminated layer of balsam. If the aperture of the object-glass is small, the luminous rings are either not seen at all, or fainter, in proportion to the extent of the aperture; and, on depressing the object-ylass, the opaque spots disappear at once, and we cannot trace the rays of the ring down to the lowest point. For the sake of greater accuracy, I made these observations with the same object-glass, the aperture of which gradually diminished by stops. It is also necessary that, during the different trials, we should always have the same focus; this cannot be done by looking at the opaque depressions, but by bringing any other fine mark or scratch on the surface of the layer always first to its exact focus. Candlelight is preferable to daylight. I did not use a condensor, but the ordinary plane-reflecting mirror, being anxious to study the phenomena under their most simple conditions. At certain inclinations of the mirror, the dots become much elongated, so that one can easily ptlexstaad how rows of dots, if close together, produce the appearance of lines. I have thus not only proved that the theory advanced by Dr. Griffith is untenable, and contrary to fact, but also shown, or made it at least probable, how the contrast of light is produced which renders the marking visible. On the Structure of Noctituca mitiaris. By Tuomas H. Huxtey, F.RS. Amone the many striking and beautiful appearances pre- sented by the Ocean, there is none, perhaps, which has more attracted the attention both of the naturalist and of the casual observer, than the silvery, sparkling, phosphorescent light, which may often be seen on dark nights, illuminating the track of every boat and defining the contours of the waves as they break upon the shore. After long serving as a fertile subject of doubt and dis- cussion, it is now well known that this luminosity proceeds from many sources; in the main, from living invertebrate animals— Protozoa, Polypes, Medusz, Annelids, Crustaceans, &e. Among these again, the chief and most important part is played, as was first shown. j in the middle of the last century by M. Rigaut, and again in 1810 by M. Suriray,* by a sin- gular and “anomalous creature of very simple organization, the Noctiluca miliaris. * See Quatrefages, l.c. I regret that I have not access at this moment to M. Suriray’s paper. VOL. UT, E 50 ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. According to M. Suriray the Noctiluca is a spherical gela- tinous mass, provided with a long filiform tentacle or ap- — pendage, presenting a mouth, an cesophagus, one or many stomachs and ramified ovaries, and thus possessing a certain complexity of organization. De Blainville confirmed Suri- ray’s account, and placed Noctiluca, without doubt most erro- neously, among the Diphyda. On the other hand, Van Beneden Verhaeghe and Doyére, denying the relation of Noctiluea with the Acalepha—and conceiving its organization to be of a much more elementary character—relegated it to the Rhizopoda, To this doctrme M. de Quatrefages also attaches the weight of his authority in his valuable essay ‘ Observations sur les Noctiluques, published in the Annales des Sciences Nat. for 1850. M. de Quatrefages does not admit the existence of any true mouth or intestinal canal, and considers that the so-called stomachs are nothing but ‘vacuoles’ similar to those observed in the Rhizopoda and Infusoria. In a short memoir published in Wiegmann’s Archiv. for 1852, however, that excellent and most accurate observer, M. Krohn, carried the subject a stage further, and showed — that the organization of Noctiluca is more complex than has been supposed. Krohn carefully describes and figures the mouth of Noctiluca and the long vibratile cilium, which he was the first to observe, proceeding from it. Krohn draws particular attention to the oval body first described by Verhaeghe, which he considers to be the homologue of the ‘nucleus’ of the infusoria; and describes the ejection of faecal matters. Arranging the Noctiluca among the Protozoa, Krohn points out some interesting structural analogies with Actinophrys and Paramecium. I will now proceed to detail the results of my own ob- servations, Noctiluca miliaris (Plate V. figs. 1, 2) may be best de- scribed as a gelatinous transparent body, about 1-60th* of an inch in diameter, and having very nearly the form of a peach ; that is to say, one surface is a little excavated and a groove or depression runs from one side of the excavation half way to the other pole (échancrure, Quatrefages. Frauenbnseniihnliche — Einbucht, Krohn). Where the stalk of the peach might be, a filiform tentacle, equal in length to about the diameter of the body, depends from it, and exhibits slow wavy motions when the creature is in full activity. JI have even seen a * The extremes of size are given by Krohn as 1-7 —1 millimetre = 1-170 — 1-25 inch about. ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. Bil Noctiluca appear to push repeatedly against obstacles, with this tentacle. The body is composed of a structureless and somewhat dense external membrane, which is continued on to the tentacle. DGeneath this is a layer of granules or rather a gelatinous membrane, through whose sabsenice minute gra- nules are scattered without any very definite arrangement. From hence arises a network of very delicate Hbrilsy whose meshes are not more than 1-3000th of an inch in diameter (fig. 6), and these gradually pass internally,—the reticulation becoming more and more open—into coarser fibres, which take a convergent direction towards the stomach and “nucleus. All these fibres and fibrils are covered with minute granules, which are usually larger towards the centre. Quatrefages states that these granules may be seen to glide from the centre to the circumference, and vice versa, propelled by the contractions or expansions of the transparent matrix in which they are imbedded; that new fibrous processes (expansions) arise on the central mass and unite, dividing and subdividing, with the neighbouring ones—and that if the creature be irritated, the fibres and fibrils become detached from the investing membrane, and are drawn in towards the mouth “like threads of a very viscid liquid, which retract ° slowly after being broken.” All these appearances may be very readily seen; but I am strongly inclined to believe that the greater part of them are abnormal states, and that in their natural and perfectly un- altered condition, the fibres and fibrils are perfectly quiescent, and present nothing to be compared with the protean move- ments of the Amebe. In their perfectly fresh and unchanged state, in fact, the fibrous network is by no means so obvious as it usually appears, and in such specimens I have been unable to convince myself that the granules undergo any change of place—certainly there is no protrusion and retrac- tion of processes to be compared with that which takes place in the Rhizopoda.* The oral aperture has been satisfactorily described by Krohn. Supposing the animal to lie upon its oral face (the attitude it commonly assumes), with its tentacle forwards— the oral aperture appears as a sort of half oval, with a nearly straight edge anteriorly, and a deeply-curved outline pos- teriorly (fig. 4). * Krohn states, that he could hardly ever cause the Noctiluce to con- tract by mechanical or chemical irritation; but that he once saw one which repeatedly contracted before falling into the permanently wrinkled and collapsed condition, into which they so readily pass. E 2 52 ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. The anterior edge is not quite straight, but is formed by two ridges, apparently of a harder substance than the remainder of the outer membrane, which run up on the two sides of the fissure, and unite, forming a very obtuse angle, open anteriorly, in the base of the tentacle. The latter is a subcylindrical filament of 1-1800th inch diameter, more or less flattened, sometimes quite flat at its free end, which is rounded at the apex. It is a little broader at its base than elsewhere, and consists of an external struc- tureless membrane continuous with the general investment, and of an internal substance, which is so marked by transverse granular lines, as very closely to resemble a primitive fibril of striped muscle. I agree with Krohn that the striation is not in the external membrane, as Quatrefages states. From the bottom of the oral cavity a very delicate filament (fig. 3), which exhibits a rapid undulating motion, is occa- sionally protruded, and then suddenly withdrawn. Krohn, who first discovered this singular organ, considers that it plays an important part in sweeping nutritive matters into the oral cavity, and there can be little doubt that such is the case. I would warn future observers not to be easily discouraged in their search for this organ. I had sought for it im at least fifty individuals without success; and nothing but the firm confidence in M. Krobn’s accuracy, with which frequent working over his ground has inspired me, led me to per- severe until I had discovered it. Among the great numbers of Noctiluce which I examined, however, I did not observe half a dozen which presented a good view of the cilium. Under these circumstances, I do not comprehend how it is that M. Krohn should have overlooked a very remarkable structure which requires no such sharpness of vision as that to which I have just alluded. I refer to an S-shaped ridge arising close to the right extremity of the anterior oral margin above described, and passing down on the right side of the oral aperture to form its lateral and posterior boundary. ; This ridge is horny-looking, and is considerably produced in its middle portion into a tricuspid prominence (fig. 4 d), for which | know of no better name thana ‘tooth.’ This tooth is about 1-700Uth in, high ; its middle cusp is stronger than the other two, and bifid, while the posterior has a slight pointed heel. I have never observed any movement in this tooth-like body. Behind it the oral aperture narrows to inclose what may be termed a post-oral space, and then widens again; the eleva- tions bordering this post-oral space are continuous with those ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. 53 which form the sides of the triangular groove or fissure, which has been above described as running up on one side of the body (figs. 1,2). In the midst of this flattened post-oral space there is a small funnel-shaped depression, which I am strongly inclined to believe is an anal aperture (fig. 3 f). The oral aperture leads into the granular mass of the ali- mentary cavity, from which the fibres and fibrils radiate. Quatrefages says :— ** At one part of the groove of which we have spoken, and near the point of insertion of the appendage, there is always a little mass of different substances, sand, &c., which can only be detached with great difficulty. When this has been done these foreign bodies are seen to have simply adhered to a semi-transparent, granular substance, which projects like a hernia, so to say, from a little orifice (mouth of authors) by which the membranes are perforated. This external substance is continuous with a much larger internal mass of the same nature, whose dimensions and form vary in each individual. ** However carefully I have sought for a digestive canal of any kind, I have never been able to discover anything of the sort; but I have very frequently seen more or less considerable vacuoles in.the midst of this substance. It is these most probably which have been regarded as stomachs by MM. de Blainville and Suriray.” I have never seen this projecting mass nor any foreign bodies in the position indicated by Quatrefages, in perfectly fresh specimens. In those which had undergone alteration, on the other hand, such an appearance was frequent, but it invariably appeared to me to result from a partial extrusion of the contents of the stomach. The appearance of ‘ vacuoles,’ on the other hand, is almost invariable in fresh specimens; but I cannot think that these clear spaces, which are defined by a well-marked membra- nous wall, have any analogy with the shifting ‘ vacuoles’ of the Infusoria and Rhizopods. It appeared to me, on the other hand, that the oral cavity led directly in a definite stomach, whose walls are capable of very great local dilatation, such dilatations, connected by very narrow pedicles with the central cavity, then having all the appearance of independent vacuoles (fig. 8e). The accumulation of granules around the central mass greatly contributes to this appearance. Like Krohn, I frequently noticed large Diatomacee and other foreign matters in these gastric pouches. Not only does all I have observed lead me to believe that Noctiluca has a definite alimentary cavity, but I am, as I have said above, inclined to think that this cavity has an excretory aperture distinct from the mouth. The funnel-shaped depression in the post-oral area, in fact, always appeared, when I could obtain a favourable view, to be connected with a special process of the stomach. On one occasion I observed 54 ON THE STRUCTURE OF NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. the sides of this process to be surrounded by fusiform trans- versely-striated fibres or folds, I could not determine which. Krohn states that he repeatedly saw the egesta voided ‘ in the neighbourhood of the groove of the body,’ but he could not determine at what exact point, and he inclines to think it must have taken place through the mouth. I am equally unable to bring forward direct evidence on this point, and my belief in the existence of a distinct anus is founded simply on the structural appearances. In front of and above the gastric cavity is the nucleus (ce), described by Verhaeghe and Krohn, This is a strongly re- fracting, oval body of about 1-460th inch in length, which, by the action of acetic acid, assumes the appearance of a hollow vesicle. The anterior radiating fibres pass from it; the posterior from the alimentary canal. Quatrefages and Krohn consider that a process of fissiparous multiplication takes place in Noctiluca; both of these ob- servers having found double individuals, though very rarely. According to the latter writer, division of the body is pre- ceded by that of the nueleus. I have not had the good fortune to meet with any of these forms, and the only indication of a possible reproductive apparatus which I have seen consisted of a number of granular, vesicular bodies (fig. 5 h), of about 1-2000th inch in diameter, scattered over the surface of the anterior and inferior part of the body. Such is what repeated examination leads me to believe is the structure of Noctiluca; but if the preceding account be correct it is obvious that the animal is no Rhizopod, but must be promoted from the lowest ranks of the Protozoa to the highest. The existence of a dental armature and of a distinct anal aperture, are structural peculiarities which greatly imerease the affinity to such forms as Colpoda and Paramecium, indi- cated by Krohn. octi/uca might be regarded as a gigantic Infusorium with the grooved body of Colpoda, the long pro- cess of Trachelius, and the dental armature of Nassula united in one animal. On the other hand, the general absence of cilia over the body, and the wide differences in detail, would require the con- stitution of at least a distinct family for this singular creature. Economy of Crosterium Lunura. By the Hon, and Rey. S. G. Osporne, Communicated by Janez Hoae, Esq. Tue division of labour-principle holds as good amongst microscopists as amongst any other workers in the fields of ON THE ECONOMY OF CLOSTERIUM LUNULA. D5 knowledge. I have devoted now for some months, and’ on an average several hours almost daily, to the study of some of the Desmidiee, especially the Clostertum Lunula. With increased objective powers and the use of improved methods of illumi- nation, I have arrived at results which may, I think, interest many of your readers. As to the Closterium Lunula, 1 have ascertained that the best view of its circulation and the cilia which gives it its impulse, is obtained by the use of full sunlight transmitted through the combination of coloured glass, proposed by Mr. Rainey, and adapted to an achromatic condenser. I have used a 1-6th objective of Ross’s, his 1-4th with the Rainey moderator as illuminator. In diagram A, I have given a rough sketch of a specimen of the C. Lunula; with the above arrangement of the microscope, using also a deep eye- piece, I have again and again seen the cilia in full action along the edge of the membrane which encloses the endochrome ; I have seen them also, but not so distinctly, along the inside of the edges of the frond itself. Their action is precisely, to my eye, the same as that in the branchiz of the mussel. There is the same wavy motion, and as the water dries up between the glasses in which the specimen is enclosed, the circulation gets fainter at the edges, and the cilia are seen with more distinctness. In the diagram, I have drawn a line at 4 to a small oval mark; these exist at intervals, and more or less in number over the surface of the endochrome itself, beneath the mem- brane which invests it. They seem to be attached by a small pedicle, are usually seen in motion on the spot to which they are thus fastened ; from time to time they break away, and are carried by the circulation of the fluid, which works all over the endochrome, to the chambers at the extremities, there they join the crowd of similar bodies, each in action within those chambers, when the specimen is a healthy one. The circulation, when made out over the centre of the frond, for instance at a, is in appearance of a wholly different nature from that seen at the edges. In the latter, the matter circulated is in globules, passing each other, in distinct lines, in opposite directions; in the circulation as seen at a, the streams are broad, tortuous, of far greater body, and passing with much less rapidity. To see the centre circulation, I have used a Gillett illuminator and the 1-6th power, so working the fine adjustment as to bring the centre of the frond into focus; then almost losing it by raising the objective; after this, with great care working the milled head till I just 56 ON THE ECONOMY OF CLOSTERIUM LUNULA. make out the dark body of the endochrome ; a hair’s-breadth more adjustment gives me this circulation with the utmost distinctness if it is a good specimen. It will be clearly seen, by the same means, at all the points where I have put spaces, and from them, may be traced, with care, down to both extremities. The endochrome itself is evidently so constructed as to admit of contraction and expansion in every direction; at times the edges are in semi-lunar curves, leaving interrupted clear spaces visible between the green matter and the investing membrane; at other times, I have seen the endochrome with a straight margin, but so contracted as to leave a well-defined transparent space, along its whole edge, between itself and the exterior of its sac. It is interesting, in this case, to keep changing the focus, that at one moment we may see the globular circulation between the outer and inner case, and again the mere sluggish movement between the inner case and the endochrome. I have now not the slightest doubt but that the loose bodies in the chambers at each extremity of the frond are brought, as I have described above, from the exterior of the endo- chrome, by the external current; what they are I do not profess to say; they are as the rule diamond-shaped, when at rest. In B, I have given an enlarged sketch of one extremity of a (. Lunula. The arrows within the chamber pointing to 3, denote the direction of a very strong current of fluid T can detect, and occasionally trace most distinctly; it is acted upon by cilia at the edges of the chamber, but its chief force appears to me to come from some impulse given from the very centre of the endochrome. I have seen the fluid here acting in positive jets, that is with an almost arterial action; this it is, which, according to the strength with which it is acting at the time, propels the loose floating bodies at a greater or less distance from the end of the endochrome; the fluid thus impelled from a centre, and kept in activity by the lateral cilia, causes strong eddies, which give the twisting motion we see to the said free bodies. The line —a,in this diagram, denotes the outline of the membrane which encloses the endochrome; on both sides of this I can detect cilia. The circulation exterior to it passes and repasses it in opposite directions, in three or four distinct courses of globules; these, when they arrive at — c, seem to encounter the fluid jetted through an aperture at the apex of the chamber; this disperses them so that they appear to be ON THE ECONOMY OF CLOSTERIUM LUNULA. 57 driven, for the most part, back again on the precise course by which they had arrived; some, however, do enter the chamber: occasionally, but very rarely, I have seen one of the loose bodies escape from within, and get into this outer current, in which it is carried about, until it becomes adherent to the side of the frond. I am now quite satisfied that in the case of the specimen diagram C (p. 235, Vol. II.), to which I referred in your last number, the pressure of the glass in which the specimen was enclosed had forced the endochrome so far up into the chamber, that the jetting action of the fluid, nomi- nally acting within the frond, was thus made to play exterior to it. With regard to the propagation of the C. Lunula, I have never seen anything like conjugation, but | have repeatedly seen what I shall now describe—increase by self-division. Let me request your readers to observe the diagram D, but for the moment to suppose the two halves of the frond, represented as separate, to just overlap each other; I have watched for hours the process of complete division; one-half has remained passive, the other has had a motion from side to side, as if moving on an axis at the point of juncture; the separation has become more and more ardent, the motion more active, until at last with a jerk one segment leaves the other, and they are then under view as I have drawn them. It will be seen, that in each segment the endochrome has already a waist ; but there is only one chamber, which is the one belonging to one of the extremities of the original entire frond. The globular circulation for some hours previous to subdivision, and for some few hours afterwards, runs quite round the obtuse end of the endochrome — a, by almost imperceptible degrees; from the end of the endochrome, symptoms of an elongation of the membranous sac appear, giving a semilunar sort of chamber; this, as the endochrome elongates, becomes more defined, till it has the form and defined outline of the chamber at the perfect extremity. The obtuse end — 6 of the frond is at the same time elon- gating and contracting; these processes go on; in about five hours from the division of the one segment from the other, the appearance of each half is that of a nearly perfect specimen, the chamber at the new end is complete, the globular circula- tion exterior to it becomes affected by the circulation from within the said chamber ; and, in a few hours more, some of the free bodies descend, become exposed to, and tossed about in the eddies of the chamber, and the frond, under a 1-6th power, shows itself in all its full beautiful construction. E is a 58 ON THE ECONOMY OF CLOSTERIUM LUNULA. diagram of one end of a C. didymotocum, in which I saw the same process. I have now given you, in as plain a manner as I can, the result of my further observations ; I invite other lovers of the science to test their truth; I shall be most glad of any corrections their greater experience and better skill may afford ; at any reasonable notice I will send to any of your readers, a stock of specimens. The best I obtain are from Branksea Island—Poole Harbour: the best specimens to examine are those with the lightest green endochrome, and in which the furrows are most marked. I am so engaged I will not at this time put forth my theories in connection with this Desmidium, for I could only do so in a hasty and crude manner. I can with truth say, that I am more than ever convinced that the microscope has not yet shown me any object so beautiful, so wonderful, and which has so amply repaid all the trouble I have bestowed upon it. I would only now add an invitation to brethren of the lens to try their skill, and the power of their instruments on Euastrum Didelta ; they will, if I am not mistaken, find in it wonders, which, when developed, may rival my pet C. Lunula. ( 59) TRANSLATIONS, &c. On the Male reproductive Organs of CAMPANULARIA GENICULATA 4 Laomedea geniculata, Lam), By Dr. Max 8. Scuut7ze, of Greifswald. (From Miiller’s Archiv. fur Anat. und Physiol. 1850.) THE propagation of Campanularia geniculata, described by Lovén in 1837,* differs essentially from the mode of increase observed by V. Beneden in several species of the same genus. In the former species ciliated embryos are produced within axillary capsules, from vesicles presenting all the parts of an ovum, and after a distinct process of segmentation. These embryos, after they have quitted the tunic by which they are surrounded, and which resembles an incompletely developed polype, swim about free for some time, and precisely resemble the embryos of Medusa aurita; they then affix themselves, and grow into a polype resembling the parent animal. In the Campanularie, however, described by Van Beneden, me- dusoid creatures with tentacles, digestive and sensitive organs, are produced, also in axillary capsules; and which after quitting the capsule swim about free in the water and behave exactly like Meduse. These were regarded by Van Beneden as the embryos. He considers that they are produced from ova, and supposes that they subsequently affix themselves, and after the obliteration and metamorphosis of some of their organs become Campanularie. Other observers on the con- trary, particularly Nordmann and Dujardin, regard these medusiform products of the Campanularie as the developed forms of those polypes, believing that in the Meduse arising in the asexual way, sexual organs are afterwards developed. The Campanularie consequently would have to be regarded as corresponding to the Strobila form of Medusa aurita. Although the decisive proof of Van Beneden’s view is still wanting, inasmuch as he has not demonstrated the egg-nature of the germ of the medusiform animalcules, as well as the impregnation by semen necessary, in this case, for their development, and as he, as well as Lovén, did not discover male seminiferous organs in his Campanularia, still it cannot * An observation of Kolliker’s should here be noticed, He saw in Pennaria Cavolinit capsules with spermatozoids (formation of spermatic filaments in vesicles). It is unfortunate that these capsules and their con- tents should not have been more minutely described ; nor has the. im- portance of the observation been generally recognized. 60 ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE be denied that a correspondence in the mode of propagation of the Campanularie, described by Lovén and Van Beneden, is more readily perceived in an explanation of it according to the views of the latter, than when it is explained according to those of Dujardin, I have not, unfortunately, had an oppor- tunity of observing Campanularie with medusiform offspring, and consequently must at present refrain from expressing any judgment in favour of one view or the other. But it appears to me that everything depends upon the determination of the ~ fact, whether the medusiform animals are also produced by sexual propagation like the ciliated embryos of C. geniculata. If true egg-germs, with the usual transitionary forms into embryos, are found in the axillary capsules of Van Beneden’s Campanularie (as stated by that author), and in other capsules, spermatozoids, in the way I am about to describe as obtain- ing in Campanularia geniculata, no farther doubt, perhaps, could be entertained with respect to the embryonic nature of the medusiform offspring ; and their development into sexual, self-propagative Meduse would, according to all known analogies, have to be regarded as impossible ; but if, on the contrary, it is found that the Meduse@ arise in an asexual way in the capsules, and that analogous spermatic capsules do not occur at all, we should in that case expect to witness the development of sexual parts only in the Meduse, and con- sequently should have to regard the Campanularie merely as developmental forms of Acalephe. In Campanularia geniculata, then, the polypoid envelopes of the ova and embryos, as weli as the spermatic globules presently to be more particularly described, should necessarily be regarded as analogous to the — Meduse, although they never become free, nor exhibit any kind of movement whatever beyond a slight motion of the tentacles, and are wholly incapable of receiving nutriment. In the genus Campanularia, therefore, we have true polypes, whose representatives are Campanularia geniculata and others, which might be regarded only as developmental conditions of an Acalepha, exactly as is the case with the species of Coryne, many of which, as tor instance C. squamata, develop ova and spermatic capsules, which never separate from the polypes, but after being emptied of their contents become detached ; whilst in others, as in Coryne aculeata, these capsules are detached before hp complete development of the ova or of the semen, and swim about under the form of Meduse, in which the sexual organs are not developed till afterwards. Let us now return to our observations. The male organs of the Campanularie, containing the spermatic fluid, have not ORGANS OF CAMPANULARIA GENICULATA. 61 hitherto been recognized. Neither Lovén nor Van Beneden in their numerous researches on the Campanulari@ have seen them, any more than the older observers. But in Steenstrup’s eo * Researches on the Hermaphroditismus,’* [ find a short notice with respect to them. He says, “ In the genera Tubu- larie, Eudendrium, and Campanularie, I have always found the ‘nurse’-polypes to present only one sex ; and in Camnanu- laria geniculata, semen was never formed except in precisely those individuals which were developed under the same con- ditions as the true females which furnish the ova.’ Krohnj and Kollikert have given some notices with respect to male organs in other Sertularina. The former observed spermatic capsules, corresponding to the ovicells in position and figure, although growing upon separate stems, in Pennaria Cavolini, Eudendrium racemosum, and Plumularia cristata ; and the latter also in Sertularia abietina. Precise descriptions and figures of these organs, however, are wanting ; and with regard to the development of the spermatozoids, Kolliker merely mentions that they appear to be produced from elon- gating vesicles, and figures them accordingly as they exist in Sertularia abietina. As I have had abundant opportunity of observing Campanu- laria geniculata, 1 directed my attention at once to the re- productive organs and the propagative function, and was fortunate enough, in the autumn of 1849, to detect the male reproductive organs so long sought for in vain; and the accu- rate description and representation of which I consider to be the more justified, since the development of the spermatozoids also affords wholly peculiar and hitherto unknown relations. The microscopic examination of the axillary capsules, almost always found upon the polypidoms of Campanularia, besides the ovi-capsules so well figured by Lovén, will occasionally disclose the existence of capsules, containing, not ova but dis- tinct round globular bodies, of about the same size as the ova, though filled with a homogeneous granular substance, which when more minutely examined, after the rupture of the cap- sules, proves to be constituted of spermatozoids in very various stages of development. These male capsules, as | shall term them in contradistinction to the female capsules containing ova, are indistinguishable from the latter by the naked eye either in size, form, or posi- tion. Like those they always spring from the angle, where a polype branches off from the main stem. Their length when * German translation by Hornschuch, pp. 66, 67. + Miiller’s Archiv., 18438, p. 174. t~ Neuen Schweizerischen Denkschriften. Band viii. 62 ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE full-grown is from one-third to one-half a line, their shape is that of an elongated vase with somewhat sinuous walls, the sinuosities corresponding to the globules contained in the interior. Their peduncle commences with the same peculiar annular — formation as is found in all Campanularie at the origin of | each bud. : The separate spherical bodies by which this capsule is — filled, to the naked eye appear of a whitish-yellow colour; they are larger and more opaque towards the wider, upper end of the capsule, and smaller and more transparent towards the peduncle. Each of them is surrounded by a thin mem- brane, and the whole together by a common transparent envelope. Into each globular mass is continued a process of the common nutritive substance entering the capsule (intes- tinal tube of Lovén), which is continued uninterruptedly throughout the whole polypidom ; this process extends beyond the semidiameter of the globular body, and there terminates ina cecal extremity. This nutritive substance of the con- tents of the capsule, having thus furnished a supply to each globule, expands beneath the horny cover of the capsule over — its entire extremity, exactly as it is figured by Loyvén in the female capsules. Within this nutritive substance may be perceived a lively motion of granules probably produced by vibratile cilia. If one of these capsules, containing six or seven globules, be ruptured by compression under the covering glass, whilst in the microscope, the globules are seen to escape sometimes at the upper end, after rupture of the lid sometimes at the lower, if the capsule has been previously cut off from its peduncle, at the same time being emptied of their contents, so that it is easy now to recognize all the parts of them. The uppermost globules contain fully-formed spermatozoids usually in active motion, with a minute round head scarcely 0-0001’” in size, and a long, excessively delicate, appendage, distinctly perceptible only under very strong illumination, which vibrates actively backwards and forwards. The motion of the spermatozoids cannot be perceived in the unopened globule, on account of the vast multitude assembled together—it is apparent only after the contents have been diluted with water. The globules situated lower down in the capsule contain no perfectly-developed spermatozoids, but present them in various stages of development in the following order, pro- ceeding from below to above. The lowermost, smallest globules contain densely-crowded, ORGANS OF CAMPANULARIA GENICULATA. 63 pale, nucleated, round cells, exactly like the spermatic germ- cells of other animals. In the globules placed higher up these cells are seen with a paler, almost inapparent nucleus, the outline of the cell has lost its uniform rotundity, and begins to elongate on one side into a short process. As the development proceeds, the nucleus disappears altogether, the cell is somewhat smaller and the process longer, and fine as a hair, exhibiting a very peculiar slow movement, not unlike that of the motile cilium of a Euglena, in consequence of which the entire cell acquires a quivering motion sometimes amounting to an inconsiderable change of place. This mo- tion, however, is quite different from and slower than that of a mature spermatozoid. The cell is thrown from side to side, frequently appearing as if it was supported upon the process. Other forms of development are commonly associated with the above in the same globule. Every cell has this flexible process, by the movement of which they are thrown from side to side; but besides this they have also a greater or less number of rigid, motionless, less delicate processes, varying in number from 1 to 5, and appearing to arise in succession, and by which these forms are rendered like the stellate cells of Kolliker, and which are a common stage of development of the spermatozoids in the Crustacea. But the latter have no motile appendage, and are always quite motionless. I am not aware of any observation of movements at such an early stage of development of spermatozoids. With respect to the successive formation of the individual processes, | have not been able to observe anything certain ; but it appears to me probable that the motile process after a time becomes immotile, and that a new motile process com- monly makes its appearance at the opposite point, which again passes into the motionless state, and so on. It is only rarely that cells occurred without a motile process. The greatest number of rigid processes on a single cell, that fell under my observation, was four. A necessary precaution to be taken, in order that the motion of the delicate process should be observed, is the avoiding too strong and too long-continued pressure upon the capsule with the view of rupturing it. The best way of proceeding is to provide that, besides the capsule, there should be a somewhat more resistant object—a portion of vegetable tissue or of the polypidom itself—and then, whilst looking through the micro- scope, to make gradual pressure upon the covering glass until the capsule is ruptured. If the pressure is now omitted, the _ glass usually rises again a little, affording the requisite space _ beneath it. 64 ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE In what way the mature spermatozoids are produced from the above-described motile, stellate cells, I have found it im- possible to observe. Notwithstanding that I have examined capsules of all sizes, I have never noticed any transition forms. The next highest globules always contained spermatozoids, differing from those in a state of complete maturity only in their having a somewhat larger body. In their movements they were precisely alike. Whether a stellate cell divide into several spermatozoids or not, must be left undecided. In the Crustacea, we are also unacquainted with the metamorphoses of the stellate cells, not knowing even whether in any case they become motile sper- matozoids. Dromia Rumphii, according to Kélliker, is the only Crustacean in which, together says stellate Re bodies resembling filamentary spermatozoids are also found; but these were immotile. The further change which takes place in the spermatic capsule for the evacuation of its contents is precisely like that which occurs in the female capsule for the development and expulsion of the embryds. When the spermatic capsule con- tains mature spermatozoids in the uppermost globules, the highest of those bodies breaks through the membrane by which the capsule is closed, and the envelope of the globule, which in the mean while had increased somewhat in thick- ness, represents a rounded sacculus placed upon a peduncle, and the surface of which opposite to the peduncle is furnished with a bundle of tentacular appendages. The peduncle en- | closes a continuation of the general nutritive substance, which at this time projects only for a very short distance into the spermatozoid-globule. The tentacles exhibit a slight degree of motility, inasmuch as they are capable of a slow extension and contraction ; but they have no urticating organs, and are certainly wholly incompetent for the prehension of nutriment, Nor at first do they serve for the occlusion of an opening which is not formed till some time afterwards, when the yery thin membrane in which the spermatozoids are still specially enclosed is ruptured. No movement of the entire envelope is ever observable. Between the inner surface of this envelope and the mass of spermatozoids there is a space filled with active spermatozoids, when the membrane by which they are immediately enclosed is ruptured or bursts spontaneously. But the spermatozoids do not at once escape externally, as would necessarily be the case had an opening previously existed at the place where the tentacles are situated; and it is not until the outer enyelope is also ruptured by stronger pressure that the spermatic ele- ments are dispersed in the water. al pi ORGANS OF CAMPANULARIA GENICULATA. 65 When the spermatozoids have been evacuated in the natural way, the polype-like envelope contracts and ultimately dis- appears altogether, the next highest of the remaining globules in the meanwhile escaping in succession. Capsules occur with four or five polypoid envelopes attached externally, some of which, however, are always close upon disappearing. Of the vessels, which Lovén has figured in the precisely similar egg-tunics seated upon the ovi-capsules, but which I have never been able to perceive in these tunics, no indica- tions exist in the spermatic envelopes just described. The male and female capsules are always placed upon different polypidoms, so that the semen has frequently a con- siderable distance to traverse in order to reach the ova to be impregnated. It may thence be concluded, that in sea-water the spermatozoids do not speedily lose their motility and capability of impregnation. I was still able to perceive the movements of the spermatozoids an hour after their liberation. That an impregnation by the semen is indispensably requi- site for the development of the ova, I have frequently satisfied myself, since it was only the ovi-capsules which had been associated with male polypidoms in a glass of water, that afforded embryos ; whilst in those which had been kept apart, the ova, after entering the polypoid tunics from the ovicell, were always dissolved. The process of segmentation com- menced in them, but soon remained stationary, and never reached the formation of an embryo. This fruitless process of segmentation taking place without impregnation was also noticed and figured by Lovén, but erroneously explained. He regarded it as a spontaneous division of an embryo for the purpose of multiplication, and believed that each separate cell would become an embryo. Lister’s drawing and description (Phil. Trans. 1834, Pl. X. Fig. 64, p. 376), cited by Lovén on this point, and regarded by him as indicating the same thing as this futile division of the embryo, admit, as it appears to me, of a totally different explanation. ‘The figure indisputably shows that Lister had seen the male capsules and the escape of the spermatozoids ; but he had no notion of the meaning of what he thus ob- served, With regard, lastly, to the polypoid envelope of the sper- matic globules, it corresponds in all respects with the analo- gous tunic of the ova and embryos. If the latter is to be regarded as the analogue of the free medusiform offspring of other Campanulari@ so also is the former—the tunic of the spermatozoids. I have already said that the decision of this question cannot be expected without VOL. IIT. F 66 ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. new and precise investigations of the Campanularie having a medusoid offspring, and therefore shall here avoid all useless discussion of it. Memoir on the Cotoration of the Cuina Sea. By M. Camitie DarestEe. (From the Ann. des Sciences Naturelles, IV. Ser. Tome i. p. 81.) We learn from the observations of M. Ehrenberg, and more recently from those of MM. E. Dupont and Montagne, that the waters of the Red Sea are, at certain epochs, coloured red by the development, in prodigious quantities, of microscopical Alge belonging to a species described by the former of these observers under the name of Trichodesmium erythreum. These observations, which afford the best explanation of the term Red Sea, attributed by some ancient geographers to the aspect of the mountains bordering its shores when illuminated by the rays of the sun, and by others, since the celebrated Juan de Castro, to the transparency of its waters, which allows the coral reefs to be visible in their clear depths, have a still greater interest for naturalists; they are one of the most re- markable proofs of the immense development that microsco- pical organisms can attain, and of their importance in the physical history of the globe. There is no such thing as an exceptional fact in science. The determination of a new fact, however strange it may at first appear to us, ought always to lead to the knowledge of other facts of the same nature which can be grouped round the preceding one, as different effects arising from a single cause. Moreover, since these observations have been made, it has been thought that a great number of the accidental colorations of sea-water, so often described by navigators, might be thus explained. It might equally be expected that similar phenomena would be more frequently observed and described, from the moment that naturalists showed a scien- tific interest in them. I owe to the kindness of M. Mollien, late Consul-general of France at Havanna, and one of the Frenchmen who have penetrated furthest into the interior of Africa, the opportunity of studying a new fact of this kind, which from the conditions under which it presented itself may one day open up an interesting geographical question. M. Mollien observed last year that the China Sea was coloured yellow and red over a large extent, and that this coloration was not continuous but in patches separated by a ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. 67 transparent spaces. The red colour predominates in the true China Sea ( Nan- Hai), which washes the shores of the south part of China, to the south of the island of Formosa ; whilst the yellow colour predominates to the north of the island, and in the sea specially called the Yellow Sea (Hoang- Hai). The cause of this phenomenon is unknown. The English who trade in these latitudes attribute it to the spawn of fish—a popular explanation frequently given for all kinds of marine phenomena, and which had already been applied particularly to the coloration of the Red Sea. M. Mollien collected a certain quantity of this coloured water, and, on his return to France, he kindly intrusted it to me for microscopical examination. He sent me at the same time the following note of the conditions under which the water had been obtained :-~“ The sea-water was drawn up, the 14th September last, in 10° N. lat. and 106° E. long. This water was not yellow, as in the canal of Formosa, but red.” The quantity of the water I examined was very small ; it had deposited a sort of mud of a brown colour which I placed under the microscope. I recognised that this deposit was not formed, as one might at first have supposed, of earthy parti- cles, but that it consisted entirely of an agglomeration of minute Algz, almost microscopical and more or less decom- posed. - These plants presented the appearance of little bundles, which cannot be better described than as resembling packets of cigars, and which resulted from the juxtaposition of a cer- tain number of slender filaments, much longer than broad, of the same diameter throughout, and terminated by rounded extremities. These filaments were probably united by a mucous substance; but the state of these little plants did not allow me to ascertain this point. They were divided by a great number of transverse partitions into a series of cylin- drical cells, the transverse diameter of which was nearly twice the longitudinal. These cells were slightly constricted in the middle, a sort of indication of their ulterior division. The membrane of the cells was colourless, but the colour might have disappeared in consequence of the incipient de- composition which the plants had undergone. In their interior a certain number of very fine granulations might be observed, which were slightly tinged with yellow. For the rest, the little plants were for the most part much changed: a great number of filaments were scattered in the fluid as well as a great many isolated cells resulting from the disintegration of other filaments. The study that | made of these little plants, F 2 68 ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. imperfect as it necessarily was, owing to my having only fragments more or less altered at my command, has not left a doubt as to their genuine nature. I found in them directly all the characters assigned to the genus T'richodesmium by MM. Ehrenberg and Montagne. The determination of the species was more difficult. These plants resembled greatly Trichodesmium erythreum; but I should not have been able to assure myself on this point, had not M. Montagne, whose authority on these subjects is so great, and who had kindly observed my Alge under the microscope, changed my pre- sumption into certainty. From this fact, [ could no longer doubt that the remarkable phenomenon of the microscopical vegetation in the Red Sea is also presented in the China Sea; and that true minute Algz are the cause of the strange coloration which certain parts of that sea exhibit. I wished to know if this fact had been already observed, and after many fruitless researches, I at last met with a very curious observation, which made me presume that these little plants had been already noticed, although the observers had mistaken their nature, and especially their origin. As this observation is very interesting in many respects, I shall ven- ture to give it with some details. It is the chemical and microscopical examination of some sand which fell from a cloud at Shanghai, made by Mr. Piddington, Curator of the Museum of Economic Geology of India. It is published in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1846). This sand had been collected by Mr. Bellott, surgeon to. H. M.S. “ Wolf,” and was transmitted by him to Dr. Mac- gowan, physician to the hospital at Ningpo, who in his turn forwarded it to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Mr. Bellott’s letter is as follows :— “ H, M.S. * Wolf,’ Shanghai, March 16, 1846. ‘“¢ My DEaR Sir, ** | senv for the account of a shower of fine sand which fell here yesterday, the 15th. The wind was N.N.E., No. 1, rather fresh ; then N.E., No. 2; then E.N.E., No. 3; and at last N. E.; and calm at sun- set. A fog was observed, which was regarded as an ordinary fog; but the officers who were walking on the shore, remarked that their shoes and their trousers were covered with dust. I observed it myself in the after- noon. At 8 o’clock in the evening the dust was visible on the guns, the upper works, and other polished surfaces on the deck. I gathered as much of it as I could. In placing the dust upon the finger and raising it in the direction of the sun’s rays, which on account of this phenomenon had only half their usual brightness, the particles which composed it were bril- liant: although impalpable when held between the fingers and thumb, the dust caused a gritty sensation between the teeth. The dust passed over the vessel in light clouds, when the wind freshened; it was some- Ne ee ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. 69 thing like the fumes of tobacco, but without any bluish tint. About 2p.M. I walked for two hours in the country: the whole atmosphere appeared laden with a light cloud of dust, tinged of a brownish colour ; that was its aspect during the whole day. 'l'he setting sun had a diameter apparently less than in the winter evenings, and was of a sickly pale hue. At 10 o’clock p.m. I spread out two large papers to catch the sand: they remained spread out until past midnight ; but although the sand fell and remained upon the guns none fell upon the paper. Was this the result of an electrical attraction or not? J cannot say. The stars in the Great Bear, although the firmament was without clouds, were visible only with difficulty at the zenith. The moon, three days past the full, was partially obscured, and threw a very feeble shadow upon my hand. At midnight the moon and the stars resumed their ordinary appearance, and at half-past one the quarter-master reported that the fog had ceased. The barometer fell from 30° to 29°88°. The sand set the teeth on edge when one breathed it. The whole surface of this district is an alluvial clay, without flints or sand; the nearest sand, which is coarse and shelly, is 12 miles off. It is said that the merchant ship ‘ Denia’ encountered this shower of sand at 30°5 miles from the land, in the direction of Leon-Tcheou, and that there was a kind of pounce-like dust upon the waves. As I have not seen her log I cannot certify this fact. “ Yours, &c., “ J. BELLOTT.” ” Dr. Macgowan, in forwarding this letter from Ningpo to the Secretary of the Asiatic Society, adds the following detail to the narrative of Mr. Bellott : -- *T learn from Dr. Robertson, of the steamer ‘ Nemesis,’ of the East India Company’s service, stationed in this port, that on the day in ques- tion (15th March), he as well as several other officers had observed similar phenomena to those described by Dr. Bellott; the vegetation was covered with sand and also many of the ships, and the atmosphere was clouded. The wind was N. HE. I was then absent at Chusan, where I did not per- ceive either sand or dust.” Besides the fact remarked by Mr. Piddington, it appears from Mr, Bellott’s letter, and also from that of Dr. Macgowan, that the cloud of dust extended the same day from Ningpo, at the 30° of N. lat. to Shanghai, at the 313° in round num- bers, which gives an extent of 90 miles; that it was accom- panied by light winds from the N. N. E. and from the E. N. E. during seventeen hours, from 8 o’clock in the morning until an hour after midnight; that reckoning that the cloud tra- velled at the rate of 24 miles an hour (and that is the lowest rate that can be taken), the length of the cloud must be from 17 x 214, that is to say 42 miles; and thus, in allowing for the little difference of longitude between Ningpo and Shanghai, situated very near to one another, one to the N. W. and the other to the S. E., there remains an extent of 3,825 square miles for the cloud. Mr. Piddington reports that having only had a grain and a half of sand in his possession he could not study it com- 70 ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. pletely. “It is,” he says, “ an olive-green powder, the grains of which adhere to one another like the substances which remain on a filter, and mixed with filaments resembling hairs, of two kinds, some black, others white and thicker. Under the microscope, it is evidently a mass of very short filaments or fibres, transparent, white, black, and brown, with some spi- cules, reddish, sharp, and with grains of quartzose, transparent sand, adherent between them.” With some chemical tests the author recognised in this dust the existence of an alkaline salt of silex, and he obtained a small quantity of ammonia by its combustion. He came to the conclusion that it was formed of animal matter with very fine fibres, impregnated with an alkaline salt, probably car- bonate of soda, and containing some grains of quartz. After- wards observing this sand with a more powerful microscope, he recognised that these fibres were vegetable structures, and that they were Conferve. What could be the origin of this dust? Dr. Macgowan thought that it might be formed from volcanic ashes, and that it proceeded from the volcanoes of Japan. But the vegetable nature of this substance is manifestly opposed to this notion. Mr. Piddington also to account for the presence of microsco- pical plants in the sand even offers the following supposition. This sand and the Conferve which it contains proceed from the interior of the continent, from the marshes and lakes which are so numerous in certain parts of China, from whence they are transported through the air by whirlwinds. It is true that, during all the duration of the phenomenon, the wind blew from the north-east. But this difficulty disappears when the existence of upper currents of the atmosphere is remembered, which blow in the intertropical regions in an opposite direction to the trade winds, that is to say, from west to east, and in the case in question from the land towards the sea. I do not know what the physicists will think of this theory ; but it is evident that the meteorological phenomenon ob- served by Mr. Bellott can be very easily explained by the observations which form the subject of the present memoir. If the Conferve, or, to speak more exactly, if the Alga of the genus Trichodesmium exist in such great abundance in the China Sea, it can readily be understood how these plants might be carried by the winds, and sustained in the air for a certain time under the form of clouds, and how they would fall during a wind from the north-east, without the existence of opposite directions of atmospheric currents being necessary ; it is obyious also that these filaments might be impregnated ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. 71 with sea-salt, so frequently drawn up, as is well known, by the evaporation of sea-water, and thus present the reaction of soda, without it being necessary to seek for the carbonate of soda in the deserts of Tartary, or the lakes in the interior of China, as Mr. Piddington suggests. If, further, the extreme frequency of fogs in the China Sea, and their density, be remembered, which caused the author of the history of Lord Macartney’s embassy at the end of the last century to relate that in the Yellow Sea it was difficult to see from one end of the ship to the other, it is to be presumed that the phe- nomenon observed and described by Mr. Bellott is not unfre- quent, and that there will very probably be opportunities of studying it anew and in a more complete manner. It appears to me then, if not entirely demonstrated, at least very probable, that the Trichodesmium, which colours the waters of the China Sea to the south of the canal of Formosa, colours those also to the north of the same canal, and that this phenomenon is produced on a large scale. But it is pos- sible that this phenomenon extends further still, and that it occupies in the sea a region limited to the south by the 15° of latitude, and to the north by the 38°, or in other words an extent of nearly 25°. It is quite natural to suppose that the name of Hoang-Hai ( Yellow Sea), which the Chinese give to the sea that washes the northern shores of China and the western shore of the peninsula of Corea, is attributable to the existence of similar phenomena. All geographers attribute the colour of this sea to the existence of a yellow mud carried into its waters by the Yellow River (Hoang-He). Sir G. Staunton, who has given us the account of Lord Macartney’s embassy, relates that, during the voyage of the English squadron through this sea, the vessels, although they had 6 fathoms water, carried away such a large quantity of mud that they left a trace of yellow brown in their wake for nearly half a mile. Now, that is precisely the appearance of the muddy deposit which was formed in the glass where I kept the water, the study of which forms the subject of these remarks. All authors who have written on the geography of China, speak of the shallowness of the Yellow Sea, and of its shoals, formed in part of sand, and in part of the mud of which we are speaking, the deposition of which appears to be con- stantly going on. They cite, as an example of its rapid in- crease, the little island of Tsung-Ming, situated at the mouth of the Yang-tse-Kiang. This island is not marked upon the map of China, preserved at Venice, which was drawn from the rough draught of the celebrated traveller Marco Polo ; whilst the island of Chusan, situated in its neighbourhood, is 72 ON THE COLORATION OF THE CHINA SEA. to be found in it. It appears, then, probable that the island of Tsung-Ming, formed entirely of deposits of mud and sand, is of recent origin, and that it only existed as a shoal at the period when Marco Polo wrote the curious recital of his voy- ages. If, as might be thought, the mud of the Yellow Sea were almost entirely formed by the decomposition of our microscopical Alga, we should have a new instance of geolo- gical formations due to microscopical organisms, the know- ledge of which forms one of the most curious discoveries of our times, and one of those which will contribute the most to immortalize the name of M. Ehrenberg. These are only conjectures, but they appear to me to possess a certain degree of probability. I hope that our increasing relations with China will give us before long the opportunity of clearing up all these questions. One more question presents itself: one of the largest rivers in China and in the world, the Yellow River, or Hoany-Ho, which empties its waters into the Yellow Sea, and the over- flowing of which has played such an important part in the bistory of China, since the earliest periods up to the present day, is itself of a yellow colour. I have looked, in works treating on the geography of China, for some remarks on this coloration. The only important ones are to be met with in the following extract from the Geography of Asia, by Carl Ritter :— “¢ The evident meaning of the word Hoang-Ho is that of Yellow River. It is found already 200 years a.c.; for in the Chow King, this river is called Uoang (yellow), emblem of the earth ; and Hoang-Ti, the God (T%) upon the earth ; or, in other words, the Sovereign Master, one of the titles of the emperor of China, as Lieutenant of the God of Heaven, Shang-Ti. In the upper part of its course, as far as the place where it leaves the wall of China, above Lautscheon, in the Kanson, the river has, like all alpine currents, perfectly transparent waters. When it washes the country of Ordos, it becomes muddy, of a thick yellow colour like the Tiber or the Maine: it is from that, that it takes its Chinese name Hoang, yellow or yellow-saffron (the missionaries call it Saffron River), as well as its Mongolian name AKuramoran (from kara, dark, thick), under which it is described by Marco Polo. It sometimes happens, under extraordinary circumstances, that the water in the middle region of its course changes its nature. It is reported in the Annals, that in the year 1295, after a violent earthquake, the waters of the Hoang-Ho, which even at Lautcheon, usually begin to be thick, became during three days perfectly clear and transparent over an extent of 3007i, which was considered a happy prestige, and caused many congratulations to be sent to the court. But six months afterwards there was a great famine which cost the lives of many people.” However incomplete these documents are, they indicate the existence of a natural phenomenon. But what is the cause of it? Ought we to trace in it the record of microscopical yege- ON THE LIFE AND GROWTH OF NEMATOIDS. 13 tation ? does there exist, as all geographers pretend, a relation between the coloration of the river and the sea? [I can only place these questions before other naturalists who may have the opportunity of exploring these interesting districts. Nouvelles Observations sur le developpement et la vie de Nema- toides. Par MM. Ercorantr et Louis Vetta. (From the Comptes Rendus, July 3, 1854.) 1. Tue embryos of the ovaviparous Nematoid worms do not attain a complete development (that is to say are not furnished with reproductive organs) in the locality in which they are deposited by their mother, however favourable the conditions for their development may appear. The ovaof the oviparous Nematoid worms, as well as the embryos of the ovaviparous, must quit the situation in which they have been deposited, and live in a state of liberty during a certain period, for their com- pletion on re-entering the bodies of animals. — 2. The ova of certain of the Nematoidea remain stationary in the intestinal mucus of the animals in which they were deposited by the parent; the phases of the development of these ova removed from the mucus ensue with great rapidity immediately they are placed in water. 3. The development of the ova of Strongylus auricularis (Zeder) has been obtained with tolerable facility in from two to five days, notwithstanding the complete state of putrefaction into which the bodies of the parent worms had fallen, and which had been collected at the same time. 4, The embryos thus produced have lived for twenty days in the water, but without growing or developing -any repro- ductive organs. 5. Analogous Nematoid embryos are often presented in the little puddles of water in places where fowls are kept, and the excrements of domestic animals are collected. 6. Certain Infusoria, referred by Ehrenberg and other natu- ralists to the genera Vibrio and Anguillula, are nothing but nematoid worms in the embryonic condition ; some, in fact, belonging without doubt to the genus Oxyuris. Such, adds the Reporter (Prince Bonaparte), are the conclu- sions of an important memoir which the authors are hastening to communicate to the Academy of Sciences. Naturalists, he observes, will be struck by the analogy between the embryos above adverted to, and other embryos commonly found in ' stagnant waters, and which have been regarded as perfect animals. But how many of the putative genera of Infusoria, ' he asks, should be eliminated from science? Should the 74 ON THE LIFE AND GROWTH OF NEMATOIDS. whole class of Infusoria disappear or be split up into several ? Such is the vast field opened to the meditations of Zoologists. In the same number of the Comptes Rendus, M. de Quatre- fages gives extracts of letters from M. V. Beneden, commu- nicating the new and most important results at which he had arrived in prosecuting his researches on the Cenuri. M. Kuchenmeister had a dog which had been fed upon the Cenuri of a sheep at the beginning of March, and which passed the tenioid ‘‘ Proglottis,’ developed in its intestines from the Cenurus. The dog was killed on the 24th May, and M. Kuchenmeister sent some of the Trenie of the Cenurus to Louvain, Copen- hagen, and to Giessen. They arrived at Louvain on the 27th, contained in the white of egg, and were kept alive for eight days, the white of egg being renewed daily. On the same day (27th) at 9 a.m. two lambs, about two months old, took each of them half a Proglottis ; im the after- noon each took a whole Proglottis, and on the 3rd June one of the lambs swallowed another whole Proglottis. On the 13th June, the first symptoms of ‘ staggers’ showed themselves, and on the 15th one of the lambs was killed. The head was burning hot, the eyes red; the legs bent under the body, the animal ran with its head against the railing, and turned round and round in one direction. The surface of the hemispheres of the brain above and below presented very irregular grooves, of which there were about adozen. At the end of these tubes were found as many Cenurt, almost all lodged in the cortical substance of the brain. Some were removed with the membranes. These Cenuri were constituted of a simple vesicle of a milky white colour filled with fluid. At that stage they presented no heads (Scolez). They represented the hexacanth embryonic form (Proscolez), a little more developed than it is when it quits the ovum. Yellowish-white corpuscles were subsequently found in the muscles and especially in the diaphragm, and which could be distinguished very well by the naked eye among the red muscular films; and which, as stated by M. Kuchenmeister, are nothing more than errant individuals, and incapable of further development. M. Eschricht gives a similar account of his experiments with the Proglottides sent to Copenhagen, and some interest- ing observations on the mode of development of the Scolex form from the simple vesicle above noticed. From Giessen, also, Leuckiirt reports results of his experi- ments with the same Proglottides, in all respects identical with the above. REVIEWS. Lectures on Hisronoey, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in the Session 1851-52. By Joun Quexert, Professor of Histology. Vol. II. Bailliere. London. In pursuance of the plan laid down in his first volume, Professor Quekett has in this work presented us with another instalment of the histology of organic beings. The subject here taken up is the structure of the skeleton of plants and invertebrate animals. Although we hope Mr. Quekettt may be encouraged to proceed with the publication of his lectures, we think he has very judiciously selected his present subject as supplying a want of the physiologist and the microscopic inquirer. The fact is, at the present day, there is little to be added to our knowledge of the histology of the human body, and what we really want to complete our knowledge of the structure of organized beings, is more extended researches upon the lower animals. Our knowledge of vegetable struc- ture, also, is much more extensive than it is of the lower animals. ‘To all inquirers, then, in the field of comparative histology, this volume of Mr. Quekett’s lectures will be found very acceptable. We cannot commend Mr. Quekett’s volume as a comprehensive treatise upon all that is known with regard to the hard parts of plants and invertebrate animals ; but, like that which renders all his other writings valuable, it bears the impress of original observation, and in all cases the reader may rely upon the accuracy of the author. Mr. Quekett nowhere commits himself to physiological inferences or speculations, leaving those who follow him to form their own opinions with regard to the functions and relations of the parts he describes. We shall now endeavour to give our readers an idea of the general contents of this volume, and are enabled, through the kindness of the publisher, to present specimens of the illus- trations with which the work abounds. The first lecture is devoted to some general remarks on the nature of the skeleton, and to the skeleton of plants and sponges. The propriety of the application of the term skeleton to any part of a plant may, perhaps, be doubted. It is very certain that we have no organ, or set of organs, in plants, whose homologues we can point out in the vegetable kingdom. Every tissue in the 76 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. plant, in its time, becomes hard, and to no definite combina- tion of cells can we apply the term skeleton. Nevertheless, the deposition of inorganic matters in the interior of the cells of plants, in a manner resembling the process of ossification in the animal kingdom, is a fact of great interest. Here, as in so many other instances of vegetable structure, we see the com- mencement of the processes which have great significance when carried on in the animal kingdom. The following — observations on the siliceous deposits in the cells of plants — will illustrate this remark. “Tn plants, as I have before stated,* inorganic salts occur in a crystal- line form, under the name of raphides; these, however abundant, may be regarded as accidental deposits, since it has been shown that they ean be produced by artificial means. For the benefit of those who may not have been present on former occasions, I will give a few examples of the dermal siliceous skeleton of plants. “The first specimen is a portion of the Hquisetum hyemale, fig. 2, which has been boiled for a long time in nitric acid, and not only exhibits the cells of the cuticle, with their serrated edges, but also longitudinal rows of oval bodies, which are the stomata. Another good example is a portion of the husk of the Wheat, fig. 3, in which, in addition to the cells of the Fig. 2. Fig. 3. CN A i Vie an MCLG Ma ana (Pre wt nisi ay marc ie SSS se SS av ss 3 : Nene Ws = - ee) . St ; Si ae Se: 8 | (Ss) SS. SSS : > 4 s sa hg 7 <4 A portion of the cuticle of Equi- A portion of the husk of a grain setum hyemale, after long boiling of Wheat. in nitric acid. cuticle, the spiral vessels, recognized by the coiled-up fibre, also have a skeleton of silica. In the husk of the ice the peculiar cells of the cuticle are seen, with bundles of woody fibre and vessels below them. The specimen is composed entirely of silica, and there may be noticed in one spot, where the cuticle has been torn, a series of elongated fusiform bodies, with serrated edges, fig. 4, which are all that remain of the woody fibres, proving that in this plant the silica is not confined to the cuticle. All the fibres, however, are not thus serrated ; some, as represented at b, may be seen in bundles, which are both longer and thinner than the first mentioned, with perfectly smooth edges. “On the upper surface of the leaf of a plant common in our gardens— the Deutzia scabra—there are numerous stellate hairs, which much resemble Star-fishes in miniature, fig. 5; these are covered with little * Histological Lectures, Vol. I., p. 42.5 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. Vet tubercles, each star being attached to the cuticle by its centre. If the cuticle be removed, and boiled in nitric acid, the stellate hairs may be as Fig. 4. b . » 6 : \ | c Hi | IS e's } (Ss ae IC, i tl sic te Pests tc . i tls | \! ai = | ht Jhe | i} HS ft \ | Sie |e |} OBS Ip Hl MS he i} 2 ie is | ~3 i i f oe a, ie Hi fi Re ha i 1 : 7 © =) AP Pil AES PS Mi | il OS il 4 i | DP IN co Hel yb nise ) i | ai Siliceous cuticle from the under surface of the leaf of Deutzia scabra. UT’ YAN Yt SENT UN SULLA AAMAS eS 7 v Portions of woody fibres from the husk of the Rice. plainly seen as in the natural condition of the leaf; the crenated lines found in all parts of the object representing the cell-walls of the cuticle. This specimen will serve to show, which it does in a striking manner, that silica is not confined to the cells of the cuticle, but is equally abundant in the hairs and spines developed upon it.” The most definite forms assumed by the hard parts of plants, are undoubtedly those found in the Diatomacee ; but as these have been so copiously illustrated in our pages, we may now pass them over. The Corallines are examples of plants having hard parts, closely resembling those to which we do not deny the name of skeleton in animals. Professor Quekett treats of these in his tenth lecture, with the hard parts of Zoophytes. “As the Lithophytes occur in the greatest abundance upon coral reefs, where it would appear that the water is highly charged with carbonate of lime, and, as in former times, they were considered to be Zoophytes, I have thought proper to speak of their minute structure at this time, in order that you may have an opportunity of comparing it with that of the stony axis of the Corallidw, and I must therefore beg of you to bear in mind that the comparison is of the greatest interest ; for in both instances we have a great abundance of calcareous material which has been sepa- rated from the water by a vital process, that in the one case being effected by a vegetable, the other by an animal basis requiring the presence of 78 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. digestive sacs, or polypes, to maintain its integrity. If a vertical section be made of any Coralline, such for example as the C. officinalis, fig. 85, a, we shall find that, on examination with the lowest powers, it will exhibit two kinds of structure, both of which are essentially cellular—that on the exterior being composed of small cells of hexagonal figure, whilst in the interior they are more elongated, and generally of a brownish colour ; this is especially the case if a section should include a joint. In the fresh state the contents of the cells can be easily made out, and the central ones are not unfrequently full of greenish granules like Chlorophylle. The lime is not in the interior of the cells, but appears to be on the outside of the cell-walls, which are rendered opaque and thick in consequence. A portion of the vertical section, as seen under a power of 200 diameters, is represented at c: the dark parts on the outside of the cells there shown are the calcareous material ; the cells in the centre, as before noticed, are of an elongated figure, having little or no lime about them ; these also are exhibited at c, but the loose cells on the right side of the lower part of the figure, formed part of the articulation, and are entirely destitute of lime. A transverse section of one of the joints of the same Coralline, as shown at b, is wholly made up of cells, those on the margin being rather larger than the central ones; both have an abundance of lime around them, as represented under a power of 200 diameters at d. The cells seen upon the upper portion of this figure having been deprived of their lime, are in consequence rendered very apparent. All the Corallines exhibit nearly the same structure, the outer portions being composed of cells of hexagonal figure, and the central of elongated ones; the former are always coated with lime, whilst the latter are only partially so, and it is by the absence of the lime from these cells, at particular points, that the articulations are formed. Fig. 85. BT) IA % f (Oa fy ; ne ‘i Ut) , A Hitt a, a vertical section of a joint of Corallina officinalis magnified 50 diameters. 6, a transverse section of the same. ¢, a portion of the vertical section magnified 200 diameters. d, a portion of the transverse section magnified 200 diameters, { : { QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. 79 * A very striking specimen for exhibiting the structure of the articula- tions is Corallina incrassata ; a vertical section of this plant is represented by a in fig. 86. The joints, as there shown, are composed of elongated cells, and from having no lime about them, are soft and flexible, and even of a green colour. A magnified portion of one of the joints is shown at B, and a transverse section at c, both are made up of cells, of which the central ones are much elongated. That the calcareous investment of the Lithophytes is not a mere precipitation from the water, as happens with many of the Characee, is, I think, very evident ; for I have never yet seen any specimen of Coralline in which the part forming the articulation was coated over, nor has any section shown that the calcareous matter is ever present except as a coating to the cell-walls or the spaces between them. In the Nullipores, which have no joints, the cellular structure is of the same nature throughout; there are no elongated cells in the centre, as in the Corallines, consequently it would appear that the articulation is the result of a vital action in some of these cells, whereby they are deprived of the power of selecting a calcareous coating from the surrounding water, their energies being entirely devoted to the function of growth.” The lectures devoted to the Sponges contain a large number of illustrations of the peculiar forms assumed by the siliceous, calcareous, and cartilaginous matters of which their hard parts are composed. As illustrative of some of the forms assumed by spicula in sponge, we extract the following :— *‘Other spicula are very peculiar, consisting of a central portion, or shaft, the extremities of which are furnished with two or three branches, each of these again subdividing into two or three still smaller branches. These spicula interlace with each other, and produce a sort of coarse net- work ; they are generally found in small sponges, attached to masses of coral ; two specimens of the largest kind are shown at g g, in fig. 14. In Fig. 86. | A, a vertical section of Corallina incrassata, showing the joints. 3B, a portion of one of the rw joints. c, a transverse section of the same, both magnified 130 diameters. 80 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. the same sponge were others of smaller size, and with fewer branches, as represented by d, e, and f: to such spicula the term branched may be well applied. Another sponge contains spicula of the form I have termed tuberculated ; they are of large size, and covered with rows of flattened tubercles, as shown at c, in fig. 14. The sponges to which they naturally Fig, 14. a, bi-curvate spiculum; 6, curved spiculum; c, tuberculated spiculum ; d, e, f. g g, branched spicula ; h, bi-curvate anchorate spicula; 7, stellate spicula; k, 1, m, multi-radiate spicula. belong I have never seen, but all nity specimens were obtained from the root of an Aleyonium, Alcyonium favosum, from Sumatra, and were mixed with grains of sand and spicula of various kinds, from other sponges. A similar species, from a different part of the world, in the possession of a friend, when boiled in nitric acid yielded spicula of precisely the same kind; so much so, that when a specimen was shown me, I pronounced from whence it came. ‘‘The siliceous remains of a small sponge, attached to the root of a Gorgonia, Isis ochracea, I found extremely rich in peculiar forms of spicula. The most striking was of a reticular figure, covered with minute spines, as shown at A, in fig. 15. It forcibly reminded me of the siliceous skeleton of the Dictyochalix pumiceus, before alluded to, and probably may be a portion of a siliceous sponge. Other spicula occur in the same specimen, the most remarkable of these are in the form of scales, as shown at B, Cc, E; they may be known by their flattened figure, and by having black dots in the centre. The edges of some of these spicula are smooth, but in most cases they are serrated. Another very singular form of spiculum is also found in the same sponge: it is of small size, and pin- shaped at one extremity, and at the other is rounded, but in the centre of the rotundity there is a short conical spine; two of these spicula are shown at pp. Spicula of the shape termed cwrved are occasionally me with in certain small sponges; one of these, of peculiar figure, is repre- sented at b, in fig. 14. In another sponge from the South Seas, bi-curvate spicula, of the shape shown at a, are very common. Mr. Shadbolt, how- ever, has detected some still more curious spicula than these last; they QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. 81 are twice curved, like that shown at a, but each extremity is expanded, so as to resemble the fluke of an anchor; to such form, the term bi-cwrvate A, portion of the skeleton of a siliceous sponge. B,C, E, flattened spicula. pp, pin-shaped Spicula. F, tri-radiate spicula in Grantia compressa. H, granules of sand imbedded in homy fibre of Dysidea, anchorate has been given ; two of these spicula are represented at h. The sponge in which they occurred, like that of the preceding, was of small size, and brought from the South Seas.” From the skeletons of Sponges we pass to those of Diato- macez, Desmidiez, Foraminifera, and Nummulites. The fol- lowing observations on the structure of Oolitic rocks are not perhaps generally known. “‘ Before I leave this part of my subject, I must say a few words on the Oolites, which were formerly supposed to consist of the remains of organized beings of a globular figure, like the roe or eggs of fishes, but which are usually nothing more than grains of sand, each surrounded by a globular deposit of carbonate of lime and cemented together so as to form masses of limestone rock. The Oolites make up no inconsiderable part of the strata of this island; according to Ure,* they form a zone 30 miles broad in England, and are divided by geologists into the upper, middle, and lower Oolites. They furnish a most valuable material for archi- tectural purposes; and are exceedingly rich in fossil remains, especially those of reptiles and corals. «The egg-like particles vary considerably in size, being in some cases Imost invisible to the naked eye, whilst in others they are nearly as large as peas; this last form of Oolite has received the name of Pisolite, iffering, however, from the true Oolites only in the relative size of the lobular concretions. Bath stone, Portland stone, and the slate of Stones- eld, near Oxford, are all examples of Oolite. In fig. 52, a, is represented portion of that form of Oolite termed Pisolite of its natural size; the * Dict. of Arts and Manufactures, Art. Oolite. VOL, III. G j~. 82 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. granules are }th of an inch in diameter, one of them, shown in section at c, is magnified 12 diameters, and the concentric laminz of which it is composed are well displayed. “In Germany there is an Oolite in which the granules are nearly as large as they are in the Pisolite, but the concentric laminated arrange- ment, as shown at D, and the presence of a central nucleus, are more strongly marked; the rock supporting the Britannia bridge is a firm Oolite, in which the granules are remarkably small, those represented by B being magnified 40 diameters. ‘The specimens just described are all very compact, the granules being firmly cemented together by the cal- careous material forming the matrix: it sometimes happens, however, in oolitic districts, that the granules are separated from the matrix, and the soil will be seen to be in a great measure made up of them. This is especially the case in the neighbourhood of Bath; the soil of High Barrow Hill, I found to be so rich in oolitic granules, that when turned up by the plough, it appeared as if thickly sown with minute yellow seeds.” Fig. 52. A, Portion of oolite termed Roe-stone or Pisolite. 3B, Granules from Britannia rock, magnified 40 diameters. c, Granule of Pisolite magnified 12 diameters. pv, Granule of Oolite from Germany, magnified 20 diameters. After the examination of the Nummulites, &c., we come to the great group of Zoophytes. These occupy several lectures, and contain many valuable observations. The structure of the skeleton of the Echinodermata is then gone into very carefully. From this part of the work we extract the following passage on the very curious bodies called Pedicellarieae :— “We now come to other organs found upon the external surface of } some of the Echinodermata, and these are the curious bodies termed Pedicellavie. They were first described by Muller the Danish naturalist, }) and have been since investigated by Sars, a Norwegian clergyman. Muller believed them to be parasites, whilst Dr. Sharpey and others regard them as parts of the animal, which they undoubtedly are. Onj™ most Echini there are three kinds of Pedicellariz ; being considered asf distinct animals, they have been termed Pedicellaria tridens, Pedicellaria triphylla, and Pedicellaria globifera, according to their form; but what- ever this may be, each consists of a solid part, or skeleton, and a soft QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. 83 transparent flesh. The skeleton, as shown in fig. 140, is composed of three calcareous jaws, having a sharp recurved tooth at the apex and an internal serrated edge, while the tissue surrounding the jaws is strength- ened by minute bicurvate spicula; it is seated on a cylindrical stalk placed in the centre of the fleshy stem. * All these parts, when highly magnified, present the characteristic structure of the shell of the animal; the soft tissue, on the contrary, is transparent, contractile, and, like that of the cirrhi, is capable of con- siderable elongation and flexion. While the Echinus is living, the Pedicellaria are always in active movement from side to side, the jaws are continually opening and shutting, and if a small body be placed within them, it is held with tolerable force. They are attached to the soft fleshy covering of the shell by a dilated base, and are not confined to any par- ticular part of the shell, but many may be seen on the thin membrane closing the oral aperture. The part which I have called the stalk is somewhat dilated at each extremity ; its structure resembles that of a . small spine, and it is stated by Sars that each stalk, like a spine, is articulated to a minute tubercle; but of the truth of this I have never yet been able to satisfy myself, as in all cases after their removal the soft stem has been found to completely invest the whole of the calcareous matter. “If the Pedicellariz be removed from the Echinus, they will continue in active movement for some time, and if one of them be touched with a needle or pin, those in the neighbourhood will all bend towards the one that has been irritated. In the Asteriade the Pedicellarie are of a different form to those in the Echini—in the Asterias rubens, for example, in which they are very abundant, as shown at a@ a, in fig. 109, the calcareous jaws are like the two valves of a mussel, as represented at b, in fig. 140, two of Fig. 140. the edges being serrated, whilst the other two, Vg eS which are not closely approximated, have a i NV semicircular notch, leaving an opening between them when in apposition, and the stem is short and flexible, but not provided with a calcareous axis as in the Echinide. When magnified 130 diameters, as shown at c, the characteristic reticulated structure is exhibited. Mounted specimens, taken from the outer surface of the shell of Hchinus miliaris, as represented at a, in fig. 140, show very distinctly the three jaws and the axis or stalk, but being in a state of contraction, the soft parts appear very short and puckered up, so that a species of neck is formed between the jaws and the axis; this, however, is not the case in living specimens. All the parts composing the skeleton of the Pedicellariz exhibit the characteristic reticu- ‘ ; : lated structure of the Echinodermata. ‘The atone eo Fa — jaws are thin, flattened below, sharp above, the Pedicellariw of Asteria and bent nearly at right angles, so as to form a Lai a eco Bs ae tooth; the axis is about 4th of an inch in 439 diameters, = length and dilated at both extremities, and in shape and structure is very like the spine of an Echinus. On either side of the jaws may be seen a row of small bicurvate spicula, somewhat resembling those in the disc of the cirrhi of the Echinide, but differing from them, as represented at d, in Plate XIV., fig. 19, of the first volume qa 2 = —— Qero Sea Ge ESS 3 — oe os 38 0,9. ABS > Zan | i: are 84 QUEKETT’S LECTURES ON HISTOLOGY. of the ‘ Histological Catalogue,’ in having more than one hooked process extending outwards from the point where the curved portion commences. Under a power of 40 diameters, as shown at a, in fig. 109, numerous Fig. 141. Pedicellariz are distinctly visible on the upper dermal surface of Asterias rubens, even after having been dried ; but as the soft fleshy stalk is very short and has no calcareous axis, little can be seen except the jaws. Pedicellarie also exist in the Spatangi, but they are not so evident as in the Echini; the principal varieties found in S. purpureus, according to Forbes, are represented in fig. 141. “The Pedicellarie then, without doubt, belong to the animal on which they are found ; they are not parasites, but it is diffi- cult to determine their true office; they are probably useful in keeping the shell free from all intruders of a parasitic nature, and may be supposed to perform an analogous function to that of the so-called ‘ Bird’s-head processes’ of the Bryozoa.” Pedicellarie of Spatangus purpureus. The Mollusca and Articulata are treated of after the Echinodermata, The shells of the principal families of the Mollusca are examined in detail, and many new points in their structure described and illustrated. The Articulata are not treated so much in detail. In these concluding lectures we had marked some passages which we should have liked to have transferred to our pages. We have, however, given sufficient for our readers to form an estimate of the work, which we are sure will be of such a kind as to lead them to feel that it is one of great value to the microscopical student. The illustrations are very copious, and every one will be able to form an opinion of their excellence from those we have given above. Cea) NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. On the Aperture of Object-glasses.— It appears to me that your correspondents on the subject of the aperture of object-glasses for microscopes, and the methods of measuring the same, have left the simple means of ascertaining the angle of aper- ture, and taken up with such complex methods, that they have been led into very considerable errors; and hence the erroneous results, in my opinion, of Professor Robinson and Mr. Wenham, particularly with regard to objects mounted in balsam. My method of measuring the angle of aperture is, to use the object-glass of the microscope as the objective of a diminishing telescope, making use of a single lens of an inch and a half focus for the eye-piece of the telescope, and then fixing this little telescope on a divided circle with the focus of the objective over the centre of the circle, or else by placing two candles so that each of them may be at the extreme edge of the field of view of the telescope. In the first case, the angle of aperture is accurately measured by the circle, when the image of the flame of a distant lamp or candle is made to traverse the field of view of the telescope ; in the second case, lines drawn from the objective to the two candles form the angle of aperture, which may be easily measured by a com- mon protractor. Now, by taking either of those methods, and measuring the angle of aperture with nothing intervening, with a slider containing an object mounted dry, or one with an object mounted in balsam ; the results were (as they ought to be from the laws of light) in all cases exactly the same. Had Professor Robinson’s and Mr. Wenham’s results, with regard to balsam-mounted objects, been correct, the two candles placed at the extreme edge of the field of view, in a lens of 150° of aperture, would have required to have been brought more than four times as near together,* when the slider with the balsam-mounted object was interposed, as when it was not; but the candles did not require moving, but remained at the edge of the field, whether the slider was there or absent. Again, two sliders were taken of exactly the same thickness, the one containing objects mounted dry, the other objects mounted in balsam ; one of these being placed on the stage of the microscope, was illuminated with such * The proportion of the tangents of 75° and 40°, or half the angle of aperture. 86 MEMORANDA. extreme oblique light, that only one-half of the field of view of the microscope was illuminated; the line of demarcation between the illuminated part of the field and the black-ground part, passing directly through the centre of the field, and this division of the field remained constant when no slider was on the stage, when the one with the objects mounted dry was placed there, and when the one with the balsam-mounted objects was used. Had the angle of aperture been at all altered or lessened, by the interposition of the sliders, it must instantly have become visible by the change of illumination in the field of view of the microscope. When I first read the account of the results obtained by Professor Robinson and Mr. Wenham, it struck me forcibly that they must have committed some great error; for, in experiments with the fine linear objects, I had never been able to see the markings on the NW. rhomboides with an angle of less than 120°, when it was mounted dry : now, if it cannot be seen with less than 120° when mounted dry, it would be impossible with any angle to see the markings on it when mounted in balsam; as an angle of 150° (according to the results given in your Journal) would be reduced to less than 80° when employed to examine an object in balsam; but in opposition to this, I always consider that with my 1-12th of 150° of aperture, I can see the markings on NV. rhomboides better in those specimens which I have in balsam, than in those which are mounted dry; and Mr. Wenham himself stated to me that he had never seen the markings on JN. rhomboides so well as he saw them on one of my dry speci- mens, and yet at least they are equally as distinct on those which I have in balsam. I should advise both Professor Robinson and Mr. Wenham to go over their experiments once more, and I think they will be able to determine how they have fallen into error.—J. D. Sotiirr, Grammar-School, Full. Hllumination of DWlicroscopic Objects.—]| beg permission to} insert in the next number of the ‘ Quarterly Journal of Micro-|) scopical Science’ a short comment on Mr. Rainey’s remarks on) my paper on microscopic illumination. I have no desire te! | raise a controversy that must in the end be perfectly useless. | but as Mr. Rainey misquotes my sentences, and implies tha’ | Iam “ dogmatical,” a few words in reply may perhaps b4 | allowed, with the understanding that I feel all due deferenc« and respect for Mr. Rainey’s long experience as a micro} scopical observer. ’ In the first place, where can be the “ ambiguity and com} » MEMORANDA. 87 plexity” of my assertion, that light cannot be totally reflected either externally or internally from refracting bodies with parallel sides, when this is a well-known and simple optical fact, yet Mr. Rainey again states that the total reflection he alludes to “is supposed to be from one surface only, namely, from that on which the rays are incident ?” I have stated that the undulatory theory of light has very little or nothing to do with the illumination of microscopic objects. Mr. Rainey has cleverly turned these four short words, and assumed that I, with great presumption, have ventured to deny the undulatory theory being a correct one, and then proceeds to argue and defend the case as if I had really done so. My meaning (which will be easily under- stood by referring to my paper) was simply this—When we view a house, a tree, or a distant landscape, I think that it will be admitted that there is no occasion to refer to the un- dulatory theory to account for their visibility. The same reasoning may also be applied to objects of minute size, as the point of a needle, fibres of a piece of textile fabric. All these conditions are still in existence when a magnifying lens is used, which in effect merely serves to shorten the focus of the eye. I cannot see the utility of attempting to endow minute objects with exclusive properties when under the microscope ; their illumination and visibility are simply a question of quality and direction of light, the same as in all ordinary cases. Mr, Rainey will, I trust, pardon me for stating that I have not “ invented any new theories” to explain the action of my parabolic condenser, for, to use his own words, “ these facts allow of an easy and obvious explanation upon long-esta- blished principles.” The whole of this implied theory rests upon my making use of the term “ radiated light.” If Mr. Rainey will distinctly contradict the fact, that an illuminated atom does in reality radiate light in all directions, I shall be better able to answer the question. I must remonstrate against Mr. Rainey’s assertion that I myself “ evince great dissatisfaction with the term radiated light.” This refers to a note at the end of my paper, stating that I had adopted the term because it was descriptive and convenient, though perhaps not philosophically correct. Mr. Rainey’s application of this remark only serves to show me that this isan admission that I ought not to have made.—F. H. WENHAM. New Achromatic Condenser.— Having invented a new kind of achromatic condenser of general utility, for all kinds of illu- mination, and finding it much superior to anything of the 88 MEMORANDA. kind I have yet seen, I feel desirous that others should avail themselves of the advantages attendant on its application to the microscope. This condenser consists of two achromatic lenses, one of four and the other of two inches focus. The four-inch lens has an aperture of an inch and a quarter, the two-inch lens an aperture of three-quarters of an inch; they are placed at one inch and three quarters asunder, and the compound focus is an inch beyond the smaller lens, This condenser is placed below the stage of the microscope, but contrived to revolve in the arc of a circle, so as to vary its position from perfectly direct light, to the greatest obliquity of position that may be required for illuminating the most delicate linen objects. Its distance from the stage when used with the higher powers being such, that in every position a perfectly well-defined image, either of the flame of the lamp, or the bars of the distant window, is depicted on the slider holding the object. The two achromatic object-glasses, which form the condenser, require to be accurately made, and when so formed the light from it is most intense and of the purest kind, at the same time producing a degree of definition superior to that of any other method of illumination that I have seen: in addition to this, the illumination is equally perfect for the most oblique light; so much so, that when the axis of the condenser is inclined to the axis of the microscope, for the most extreme angle required with lenses of 150° of aperture, there does not appear any diminution either of light or definition. For microscopes furnished with this condenser no concave mirror would be required ; and for illumination with the low powers it is only necessary to slide the condenser further from the object, so as to illuminate it by a broader part of the pencil of light. The light may be either admitted directly through the con- denser, or reflected through it by means of a plain mirror. By the use of this condenser I have resolved many of the delicate test-objects with a 1-4th of an inch lens of 95° of aperture, that would be found under ordinary illuminations very difficult to resolve with a 1-8th object-glass and 130° of aperture. The two lenses used in this condenser are constructed on the same principle as all achromatic combinations for the microscope, their plain sides being turned towards the object, and the wider lens of course placed next the light. A good workman will easily contrive an elegant method of fixing the condenser to the microscope, and it may be adapted so that the axis of the condenser may be brought to the required angle MEMORANDA. 89 with the axis of the microscope, by rack-and-pinion movement, as well as varied in its distance from the stage by the same kind of motion. It may be further observed that when the angle, which the axis of the condenser makes with the axis of the microscope, is greater than half the angle of aperture of the object-glass, the black-ground illumination is produced in the most perfect manner. Provided this condenser be attached to the stage of the microscope by a circular arc divided into degrees, the angle of aperture of the object-glass under all conditions can be accurately ascertained, tor the limit of aper- ture will be when the illuminated field is just passing into the black-ground illumination.—J. D. Sottirr, Grammar- School, Hull. Microscopical Examination of Deep Soundings from the Atlantic Ocean.—The soundings examined were as follows :— 1980 fathoms, Latitude 42° 04’ North, Longitude 29° 00’ West, July 25, 1853. p60", Peas ay’, ., 2 FAP EP SG Sn BAGO 155 »> 49° 56’ 30” sty 13° 30' 45” Aung.22 ,, 1900... Bie SAGO BaF ke 09° 08' ,, No date. 2000 ,, ee ee se i 22° 33’ ,, ee As these soundings are believed to be the deepest ever submitted to microscopic examination, and were obtained at localities far remote from those previously noticed, they were studied very carefully, and the following are the facts ascer- tained :— 1. None of these soundings contain a particle of gravel, sand, or other recognizable unorganized mineral matter. 2. They all agree in being almost entirely made up of the calcareous shells of minute, or microscopic Foraminifere (Polythalamia, Ehr.), among which the species of Globigerina greatly predominate in all the specimens, while Orbulina uni- versa, D’Orb., is in immense numbers in some of the sound- ings, and particularly abundant in that from 1,800 fathoms. 3. They all contain a few specimens of non-parasitic or pelagic Diatoms, among which Coscinodiscus lineatus, C. ex- centricus, and C. radiatus of Ehrenberg, are much the most abundant. 4, They all contain a few siliceous skeletons of Polycis- tine, among which are several species of Haliomma, Litho- campe, &c. 5. They all contain spicules of sponges, and a few speci- mens of Dictyocha fibula, Ebr. 6. The above-mentioned organic bodies constitute almost the entire mass of soundings, being mingled only with a fine calcareous mud derived from the disintegration of the shells. 90 MEMORANDA. 7. These soundings contain no species of Foraminifera belonging to the group of Agathistegues (Plicatilia, Ehr.), a group which appears to be confined to shallow waters, and which in the fossil state first appears in the tertiary, where it abounds. 8. These soundings agree with the deep soundings off the coast of the United States, in the presence and predominance of species of the genus Globigerina, and in the presence of the cosmopolite species of the Orbulina universa, D’Orb., but they contain no traces of the Marginulina Bacheit, B., Textilaria Atlantica, B., and other species characteristic of the soundings of the western Atlantic. 9. Examined by chromatic polarized light, the foramini- ferous shells in these soundings showed beautiful coloured crosses in their cells, and the mud accompanying them also became coloured, showing that it is not an amorphous che- mical precipitate. It in fact can be traced, through fragments of various sizes, to the perfect shells of the Foraminifere. 10. In the vast amount of pelagic Foraminifera, and in the entire absence of sand, these soundings strikingly resemble the chalk of England, as well as the calcareous marls of the Upper Missouri, and this would seem to indicate that these also were deep-sea deposits. The cretaceous deposits of New Jersey present no resemblance to these soundings, and are doubtless littoral, as stated by Prof. H. D. Rogers (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1853, p. 297).* 11. The examination of a sounding, 175 fathoms in depth, made in latitude 42° 43’ 30” N., longitude 50° 05’ 45’. W. (near Bank of Newfoundland), by Lieut. Berryman, gave results singularly different from those above stated. It proved to be made up of quartzose sand, with a few particles of horn- blende, and not a trace of any organic form could be detected in it. This exceptional result is important, as it proves that the distribution of the organic forms depends on something else beside the depth of the water. 12. Connecting the results above mentioned with those fur- nished by the soundings made in the western portions of the Atlantic, it appears that, with the one exception above men- tioned, the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean, as far as examined, from the depth of about 60 fathoms, to that of more than two miles (2,000 fathoms), is literally nothing but a mass of miscroscopic shells. 13. The examination of a large number of specimens of ocean water taken at different depths by Lieut. Berryman, at situations in close proximity to the places where the sound- * American Journal of Science and Arts. MEMORANDA, 91 ings were made, shows that even in the summer months, when animal life is most abundant, neither the surface water, nor that of any depth collected, contained a trace of any hard- shelled animalcules. The animals present, some of which are eyen now alive in the bottles, are all of a soft, perishable nature, leaving on their decay only a light flocculent matter, while the Foraminifere and Diatoms would have left their hard shells if they had been present. As the species whose shells now compose the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean have not been found living in the surface waters, nor in shallow water along the shore, the question arises, Do they live on the bottom at the immense depths where they are found, or are they borne by submarine currents from their real habitat? Has the Gulf-stream any connection by means of its temperature or its current. with their distribu- tion? The determination of these and other important ques- tions connected with this subject requires many additional observations to be made. It is hoped that the results already obtained will induce scientific commanders and travellers to spare no pains in collecting deep-sea soundings. If such materials are sent either to Lieut. Maury, U. 8. Observatory, or to myself at West Point, N. Y., they will be thankfully received and carefully studied.—J. W. Battey. On some new Localities of Fossil Diatomacex.—Some interesting specimens of fossil Diatomacez from California and Oregon having come into my possession, I am induced to publish the following brief notices of them, in hopes to direct the atten- tion of travellers in those regions to those remarkable deposits, and thus acquire more information concerning their position and extent. 1. The first specimen of fossil Diatomacez from California, I found among specimens of minerals collected two or three years ago in California by Washington Chilton, Esq., of New York. It was from Suisun Bay, 25 to 30 miles above St. Francisco, where Mr. Chilton says a large bed of similar ma- terial exists. It consists of a light white clay-like substance made up entirely of fossil marine Diatoms, many species of which are identical with species occurring fossil in the tertiary diatomaceous deposits of Virginia and Maryland, while a number of the species found in these latter deposits do not occur in the California beds. 2. Ina box of minerals, collected in Oregon and California by Lieut. Robert Williamson, of the U. 8. Topographical Engineers, I found four specimens of fossil diatomaceous earth, evidently from different localities, although unfortu- 92 MEMORANDA. nately the precise locality is mentioned for but two of the spe- | cimens. I will designate them as specimens A, B, C, and D. Specimen A.—This is a very light white substance, made | up of the siliceous shells of /luviatile Diatoms. The predo- | minant species are a small Gallionella and a Discoplea, mingled — with a few species of Epithemia, Cocconema, Gomphonema, — and Spongiolites. This specimen was without a label, but is believed to be the specimen referred to in the following extract from a letter received from Lieut. Williamson :—“ You will find some of the light white clay from Pit River, which I spoke of to you.” This is, I believe, the same substance which has given rise to the newspaper accounts of cliffs in California composed of carbonate of magnesia. Specimen B.—This is a light white chalky mass, whose locality is not given. It consists of fluviatile species, among which various species of Biblarium are quite abundant. The species of this genus have been found living in Siberia, and fossil in Oregon. Lieut. Williamson’s specimen resembles the Oregon mass found by the U.S. Exploring Expedition under Captain Wilkes, but presents a different group of forms and therefore must be from a different locality. A Specimen C._—This is also a chalk-like mass, whose precise locality is not marked. It is composed chiefly of a minute species of Gallionella, mingled with sieve-like discs, which at first would be referred to the marine genus Coscinodiscus ; but the entire absence of all other marine forms, and the presence of several decidedly fluviatile species, make me believe that the deposit is a fresh-water one, and careful examination of these discs show that they are more nearly allied to the fresh- water genus Stephanodiscus than to the marine Coscinodiscus. Specimen D.—\s an ash-coloured earth, marked as from near the Boiling Spring, Pit River. It is chiefly remarkable for containing a great number of Phytolitharia, or remains of the siliceous portions of plants, mingled however with nu- merous minute fluviatile Diatoms. It is hoped that travellers in California and Oregon will keep a look-out for specimens of light white clay-like sub- stances, and carefully marking the locality at the time of collec- tion, send them to me for microscopic examination. Even a minute portion sent by mail will be very acceptable,— J. W. Battey.— American Journal of Sciences. Powell and Lealand’s New Condenser.—In the last October number of the ‘ Microscopical Journal,’ I observed a notice of Powell and Lealand’s new condenser, by Dr. Inman of Liverpool, in which he mentions his having demonstrated the MEMORANDA. 93 markings on the Ceratoneis fasciolata (Pleurosigma fasciola), by means of using a 1-8th-inch object-glass, which power I presume he considered necessary for that purpose. I have now the pleasure of stating that with the same kind of con- denser, but with one of Powell’s recently-made 1-4th-inch objectives, I have brought out the markings of this species in the most satisfactory manner; also with the same power the markings, rather difficult of detection, of the Pleurosigma delicatulum, intermedium, nubicula and Aistuarii, and of Nitz- schia sigmoidea, using, however, in place of the achromater, Shadbolt’s Annular Condenser, with the light direct from the Jamp—a method of illumination which seems to be especially adapted to the demonstration of delicate test objects. The same result has been obtained, but I think in a more perfect manner, by means of the prism furnished by Powell and Lea- land, which should be so adjusted for this purpose as to give the object illuminated on a perfectly black field. The above facts may be interesting to some of your readers, should you deem them worthy of insertion in the next number of your Journal.—E. Bieaxtey, M.D., Norwich. New Species of Diatomacex.— The species of Diatomaceze here described as new, together with others, were detected either as parasites upon Alge, or entangled in mud adhering to shells, Alga, &c., brought home by the Exploring Expe- dition under the command of Capt. Wilkes, U.S.N. 1. Amphitetras favosa, Harvey et Bailey. Loricis tabulari- bus; lateribus vix concayis, primario; secundario quadran- gulo, angulis fere rectis vix productis, superfice cellulis magnis hexagonis tessellata. Hab. Mindanao. 2. Amphitetras Wilkesii, H. et B.; loricis prismatico-tabu- laribus, lateribus concavis, primario longitudinaliter striato- punctato medio transversim zonato; secundario quadrangulo, angulis productis rotundatis, superficie cellulis minutis in lineas simplices furcatasque dispositis notata, prominentiis jugalibus punctulatis. Hab. Puget’s Sound. 3. Aulacodiscus Oreganus, H. et B.; lorica prominentiis redecim intramarginalibus instructa, a quibus tot radii fere ad umbonem procurrent ; superficie preter umbonem glaberri- mum, minute punctata iridescente. Hab. Puget’s Sound. 4. Campylodiscus Kiitzingti, H. et B.; sellaformis, late | marginata, sulcis subquinquaginta transversis continuis curvatis impressa. Hab. Mindanao. 5. Cocconeis parmula, H. et B.; late elliptica, linea media longitudinali notata, utroque latere costis (vel sulcis) trans- 94 MEMORANDA. versis magnis 10-12 irregularibus impressa; superficie trans- versim striato-granulata. Hab. Tahiti. 6. Cocconeis rhombifera, H. et B.; late elliptica vel sub- orbicularis, lined media oblique-longitudinali sigmoidea areolam glabratam percurrente que apice et basi attenuata est, et versus umbonem in rhombi formam ampliata; super- ficie decussatim et transversim punctata. Hab. Puget’s Sound. 7. Cocconeis sulcata, H. et B.; late elliptica vel suborbicu- laris, transversim sulcata, sulcis 30-40 arcuatis. Hab. Puget’s Sound. 8. Hyalosira punctata, H. et B.; loricis magnis in catenas longas co-ordinatis rectangulis subquadratis transversim inter- rupté vittatis ; vittis medio lorice alternantibus granulatis, alternis serie punctarum insignium ornatis. Hab. Tahiti. 9. Isthmia minima, H. et B.; zona transversali subtilissime decussatim punctata, lateribus (secundariis) cellulis magnis granulata. Hab. Rio Janeiro and Sooloo Sea, 10. Triceratium concavum, H. et B.; loricé lateribus valde concavis angulis rotundatis, superficie triquetra cellulis minutis in lineas radiantes simplices furcatasque co-ordinatis notata ; prominentiis jugalibus punctulatis. Hab. Tahiti. 11. Triceratium gibbosum, H. et. B.; parvum, fere inflato-. globosum, lateribus valde convexis, angulis prominentibus, superficie ut in T. concavum notata. Hab. Tahiti. 12. Triceratium orientale, H. et B.; magnum; lateribus convexis angulis productis obtusis, superficie triquetra cellulis magnis hexagonis favosa. Hab. Mindanao. 13. Triceratium Wilhesii, H. et B.; lorica lateribus con- vexiusculis angulis rotundatis, superficie ut in TJ. concavum notata. Hab. Puget’s Sound. APPENDIX. 14. Lagena Williamsoni, H. et B.; testa biceliulosa, cellulis diversis, inferiore ellipsoidea longitudinaliter costata in isth- mum infundibuliformem attenuata, et ad cellulam superiorem glabram semi-lageneformem (vel inverse infundibuliformem) ferruminata ; collo breviasculo recto, ore subampliato. Hab. Mindanao,—Professor W. H. Harvey and Professor J. W. BatLey, in Proceedings of Academy of Nat. Sciences, Phil. Oct., 1853. ( 95) PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. On the Microscopical Structure of Freshwater Marls and Lime- stones. By H. Currron Sorsey, F.G.S. Tue author first described the general conclusions he had arrived at with respect to the condition of the mineral portion of calcareous organisms, which he considered is first deposited in the form of crystalline granules of variable size, that afterwards undergo more or less of erystalline coalescence. In some cases this scarcely occurs at all; but in others it does to a very considerable extent during the life of the organism, and this produces a great difference in the character of the particles into which it is resolved by decay. The falling to powder that then takes place is the result of the oxidization and removal of the organic portion, and, if no crystalline coalescence had occurred, the shell or other body might be resolved into the very minute, ultimate, crystalline granules ; whereas, if much coalescence had taken place, it would break up into much larger ones, showing in many instances its minute organic structure. The particular forms of the particles into which the Limnzans and Paludinz, found so plentifully in many fresh-water marls, are resolved by decay, were then described and shown to present’such definite characters as to render it easy to distinguish them with cer- tainty from most others at all likely to occur in them. Soft, loose marls can of course be investigated by mixing the particles in water ; | but thin sections of harder limestones must be prepared, and the facts which may be learned from them are in many respects very superior ; and from them the relative proportion of the various constituents may be determined with great accuracy, by carefully drawing their outline on strong even paper with a camera lucida, and afterwards cutting out the several portions and weighing them. This method the author terms ‘ physical analysis.”” To fully describe all the necessary particulars would occupy too much space for this abstract ; but, by attending to them, very great accuracy may be attained, and the true physical constitution of the specimen stated in a manner quite different from what could be ascertained by chemical analysis, which, for the purpose of these inquiries, is often greatly inferior, though often most valuable in addition. Proceeding to the application of these methods of research to particular cases, some white marly deposits found in some of the filled-up lakes of Holderness were described, and shown to be composed of such particles as result from the decay of Bithinia tentaculata, mixed with a small but variable proportion of such as are derived from decayed Limnezans. In confirmation of this it may be stated, that though no entire shells are found in them, yet 96 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. numerous opercula of the Bithinia occur, which therefore appear to have been less prone to decay than the shells themselves. Other similar marls of post-tertiary age were also described, and shown to have resulted from the decay of similar shells in variable proportion. The soft marly portions of the Isle of Wight tertiary fresh-water limestone were stated to be of precisely the same nature as the above, being composed of such particles as result from the decay of Lim- neeans, in which term are included Limneus and Planorbis. The examination of thin sections of the harder varieties of the same limestone also shows that they were derived from the same source, mixed with a variable, sometimes very large proportion of fragments of Chare ; but they have undergone more or less of crystalline consolidation. As examples of them, two physical analyses may be given of specimens from Binsted, which will also serve to show the character of such analyses. 1. A hard, marly-looking specimen, with numerous cavities due to the removal of the shelly matter of more or less entire Limnzans: Empty cavities : : . : . | ea Fragments of Limnzans . ° : - ,laae Fragments of Chara ; ; Svea Fine grains of decayed Limnzans and Chara 57°0 Peroxide of iron - . ° . : “aL 100°0 2. A hard, even-grained specimen, with no entire or large frag- ments of shells visible to the naked eye: Grains of Limnezan shell showing structure 5° 5 18°0 Ditto not showing ditto .. a jj Lee Crystallized fine granules of shell, &e. : 5559 | Quartz sand : ‘ 13°5 Very fine sand and decomposed felspar : 12-1 | Peroxide of iron, chiefly in the substance , of shell fragments ; : ; : ms) 100 ‘0 In the above-described marls and limestones are found several curious bodies, but in no great proportion ; and, on the whole, they may be said to be derived from the decay of the fresh-water shells found in them, and not from the deposition of chalky mud, which has a totally different character, though the calcareous matter in the water, from which the shells procured it, may have been derived from the contiguous chalk. It is worthy of remark, that in these marls no Diatomacee are found, though they abound in the clays associated with some of them; but the examination of tufaceous travertins has furnished the author with evidence which proves that contact for a long period with carbonate of lime decomposes end destroys their siliceous coverings, and therefore they could hardly be expected to occur in such deposits as those under consideration. ee Cn a ee Se eS | SS eee ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Aupitory Apparatus of the Cutex Mosquito. By Curis- TOPHER Jounston, M.D. Baltimore, United States. Iris more than presumable that creatures endowed with the faculty of producing and voluntarily modifying distinct sounds, should also possess organs for the apprehension and ap- preciation either of rhythmic or irregular sonorous vibrations. The insect tribes are precisely in this category ; the apparatus by which is produced their song, their hum, or their chirp, is extremely varied, and the sounds which emanate from it offer a great diversity, even in the larger individuals, or, in other words, so far as our own auditory organs permit our sense to follow the rising scale. ‘That these sounds are in some way perceived by insects themselves we have abundant evidence in the Cricket (Gryllus), the Grasshopper (Cicada), and espe- cially in the Bee, which responds to another individual in a particular note.* Some insects are supposed to be silent; while the smaller varieties, from the exceeding minuteness of their parts, give rise to vibrations so rapid as to be in- appreciable by our ears. It will readily be admitted that if there be a limit for acute sounds, corresponding with the smallest number of vibrations capable of producing an auditory impression, there must also be a limit to the development of an acoustic apparatus; and “we cannot,” as Duges remarks, ‘‘ conceive of a true mcro- scopic ear.” In the Protozoa, therefore, and possibly in the most diminutive insects, we may abandon the idea of a cen- tralization of the faculty of perceiving vibrations, and feel assured that the sense of touch, generally distributed, stands in the stead of a “sensorial speciality.” From analogy, pursued downwards, we might expect to discover the localization of the ‘sensorial speciality,” when it exists, in the head of insects, or else from analogy, pursued upwards, might we sometimes look for its seat elsewhere. In fact we find numerous descriptions of an auditory apparatus situated in the head of certain species, and in parts connected with the thorax of other species; but many of the observers have failed to convince others than themselves; and other writers have assigned, in some instances, a different function to the organs spoken of as being concerned in audition. * Dugeés. Physiol, Comp. VOL. IIL. H 98 DR. JOHNSTON, ON THE AUDITORY APPARATUS Treviranus* describes the “organ, probably of hearing” of the Blatta orientalis, as consisting of an oval opening, situated immediately behind the insertion of the antenne, and covered with a convex white pellicle, and supposes it possible that the club-like antenna of the diurnal Lepidoptera contains an auditory apparatus. Ramdohrt presumes that the vesicles placed at the root of the mazille, in bees, have a similar function. Straus-Durckheim locates the seat of hearing in the foliated antenne of the May-bug. Carus‘ considers it possible “that the membrane, which, in the Locusta viridissima, unites the antenna with the head, and offers a tolerably extended surface, is a sort of membrana tympani, or membrane of a kind of fenestra vestibularis, which the movements of the antenn@ may relax or render tense.” De Blainville,§ finding certain apertures like stigmata in the posterior part of the head of Grasshoppers, supposes that they lead into a cavity which appears to him an auditory ap- paratus; and Carus admits the probability of this presumption, ‘as deriving support from the evidence of analogous facts in the higher classes.” But Duges found the “apertures” to be simply “depressions ;” and he denies positively the existence of communicating trachee and vesicles, and also of an acces- sory nervous expansion. L. W. Clarke|| describes at the base of the antenne of Carabus nemoralis, an auditory apparatus composed of an auricle, an internal and external auditory canal, a tympanum, and a Jabyrinth.{ Newport** believes that the antenne serve as well for touch | as hearing. Sieboldt{ opposes the opinion of Treviranus concerning the two white convex plates existing at the base of the antenne of Blatta orientalis, and declares them to be simply rudi- mentary accessory eyes. The same author gives an account of an auditory apparatus belonging to the Acridide, consisting of a tympanum, and a membranous labyrinth supplied with an auditory nerve proceeding from the third thoracic ganglion, The Locustide and Achetide have similar organs situated . Cited in Traité Elem, d’Anat. comp. C.G. Carus. Paris, 1835. § Ayeem- t Idem., loc. cit. i Mant. comp. des Animaux artic. Paris, 1828. , &\ sazine of Nat. Hist. 1838. 44 But dp sf none of which, according to Siebold, is there the least trace.— Hm aad e1 tt ‘ Tansa tgctions of Entom. Society, II. * ] ee ' Manuel d’Anatomie comparée. Artic. par M. C. Th. v. - Pari ‘, 1850, OF THE CULEX MOSQUITO. 99 in their anterior legs immediately below the coxo-tibial arti- culation. These organs are composed of a fossa on each side, or of two, more or less capacious, cavities (auditory capsules) with orifices opening forwards ; and each having on the inner side an elongated oval tympanum; and the two tympana are in close contact with a dilatation of the large tracheal tube of the leg, whose upper extremity is in con- nexion with an acoustic nerve which derives its origin from the first thoracic ganglion. A neighbouring portion of the tracheal system he supposes to serve the purpose of a Eus- tachian tube. And finally, J. Miiller, as quoted by Carus,* regards as organs of hearing “two depressions or pits, in Gryllus hieroglyphicus, situated, one on each side, of the metathoraz, on the dorsal aspect, above the attachment of the last pair of legs upon and closed by a delicate membrane, behind which there exists a vesicle, filled with liquid, which receives a nerve from the third thoracic ganglion.” While bearing in mind the difference between feeling a noise and perceiving a sonorous vibration, we may safely assume with Carus—for a very great number of insects, at least—that whenever true auditory organs are developed in them, their seat is to be found in the neighbourhood of the antenne. That these parts themselves are, in some instances, concerned in collecting and transmitting sonorous vibrations, we hold as established by the observations we have made particularly upon Culex mosquito; while, we believe, as Newport has as- serted in general terms, that they serve also as tactile organs. The male mosquito differs considerably, as is well known, from the female; his body being smaller and of a darker colour, and is head furnished with antenne and palpi in a state of greater evelopment. (Plate VI.. fig. 1.) Notwithstanding the fitness f his organs for predatory purposes he is timid, seldom enter- ing dwellings or annoying man, but restricts himself to damp nd foul places, especially sinks and privies. The female, on he other hand, gives greater extension to her flight, and, attack- ng our race, is the occasion of no inconsiderable disturbance nd vexation during the summer and autumn months. The head of the male mosquito, about 0°67 mm. wide, is rovided with lunate eyes, between which in front superiorly re found two pyriform capsules nearly touching each other, nd having implanted into them the very remarkable antennae. The capsule, measuring about 0-21 mm., is composed of a orny substance, and is attached posteriorly by its pedicle, hile anteriorly it rests upon a horny ring, united with its eT LOC. Ctl. nz 100 DR. JOHNSTON, ON THE AUDITORY APPARATUS fellow by a transverse fenestrated band, and to which it is joined by a thin elastic membrane. Externally it has a rounded form, but internally it resembles a certain sort of lamp shade with a constriction near its middle; and between this inner cup and outer globe there exists a space, except at the bottom or proximal end, where both are united. The antenne@ are of nearly equal length in the male and the female. In the male the antenna is about 1:75 mm. in length, and consists of fourteen joints, twelve short and nearly equal, and two long and equal, terminal ones, the latter measuring (together) 0-70 mm. Each of the shorter joints has a fene- strated skeleton with an external investment, and terminates simply posteriorly, but is encircled anteriorly with about forty papille, upon which are implanted long and stiff hairs, the proximal sets being about 0°79 mm. and the distal ones 0:70 mm. in length; and it is beset with minute bristles in front of each whorl. The two last joints have each a whorl of about twenty short hairs near the base. In the female the joints are nearly equal, number but thirteen, and have each a whorl of about a dozen small hairs around the base. Here, as well as in the male, the parts of the an- tenne enjoy a limited motion upon each other, except the basal joint, which, being fixed, moves with the capsule upon which it is implanted, : The space between the inner and outer walls of the capsule, which we term confidently the auditory capsule, is filled with a fluid of moderate consistency, opalescent, and containing | minute spherical corpuscles, and which probably bears the same relation to the nerve as does the lymph in the scale of the cochlea of higher animals. The nerve ztself, of the antenna, proceeds from the first or cerebral ganglion, advances towards the pedicle of the capsule in company with the large trachea which sends its ramifications throughout the entire apparatus, and, penetrating the pedicle, its filaments divide into two portions. The central threads continue forwards into the antenna and are lost there; the peripheral ones, on the con- trary, radiate outwards in every direction, enter the capsular space, and are lodged for more than half their length in sulci | wrought in the inner wall or cup of the capsule. In the female the disposition of parts is obseryed to be nearly the same, excepting that the capsule is smaller, and that the last distal antennal joint is rudimental, The proboscis does not differ materially in the two sexes ; but the palpi, although consisting in both instances of the oe was TS. i ~e . -— See ac ae a *< > OF THE CULEX MOSQUITO. 101 same number of pieces, are very unlike. In the female they are extremely short, but in the male attain the length of 2°73 mm.; while the proboscis measures but 2°16 mm. They are curved upwards at the extremity. If an organ of hearing, similar to that described by Trevir- anus as belonging to the Blatta orientalis, exist in the head of the Mosquito, the tympanum must be of exquisitely minute proportions, because the head, which has a diameter of only 0-67 mm., is almost entirely occupied by the corneal plaques, the capsules, and the attachments of the neck and of the buccal apparatus. The membrana tympani must therefore be so small as to preclude the idea of its being put in vibra- tion by any sounds other than those infinitely more acute than are produced by the insect itself, and the use of such an organ for the purposes of inter-communication must be highly problematical. But no trace of such a disposition is to be found in the head, nor very certainly, also, in the body; and we are obliged to look for some organ which may answer the requirements of an effective auditory apparatus. The position of the capsules strikes us as extremely favour- able for the performance of the function which we assign to them; besides which there present themselves in the same light the anatomical arrangement of the capsules, the disposi- tion and lodgment of the nerves, the fitness of the expanded whorls for receiving, and of the jointed antenne fixed by the immovable basal joint for transmitting vibrations created by sonorous modulations. The intra-capsular fluid is impressed by the shock, the expanded nerve appreciates the effect of the sound, and the animal may judge of the intensity, or distance, of the source of sound, by the quantity of the impression: of the pitch, or quality, by the consonance of particular whorls of the stiff hairs, according to their lengths; and of the direc- tion in which the modulations travel, by the manner in which they strike upon the antenne, or may be made to meet either antenna, in consequence of an opposite movement of that part. That the male should be endowed with superior acuteness of the sense of hearing appears from the fact, that he must seek the female for sexual union either in the dim twilight, or in the dark night, when nothing save her sharp humming noise can serve him as a guide. The necessity for an equal perfection of hearing does not exist in the female; and, accordingly, we find that the organs of the one attain to a development which the others never reach. In these views we believe ourselves to be borne out by direct experiment, in connexion with which we may allude to the greater diffi- culty of catching the male Mosquito. 102 DR. WEBE, ON THE NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. In the course of our observations we have arrived at the conclusion, that the antenne serve, to a considerable oyen as organs of touch in the female; for the palpi are extremely short, while the antennze are very movable, and nearly equal the proboscis in length. In the male, however, the length and perfect development of the palpi would lead us to look for the seat of the tactile sense elsewhere; and, in fact, we find the two apical antennal joints to be long, movable, and com- paratively free from hairs; and the relative motion of the remaining joints very much more limited. On the Nocrituca Miniaris. By Woopvuam Wess, M.D., Lowestoft. Mr. Huxtey’s interesting paper in the last number of the Journal on the structure on the Noctiluca miliaris, led me to review a few notes | had by me upon the subject, and to follow up certain points of inquiry which he indicated, Unfortunately, Iam not able to complete the history of this anomalous creature, though it has been under continuous examination since last July. It may, however, be worth while to record the few steps made in advance of the existing accounts, in order to save other observers some labour, and to serve as a sequel to Mr. Huxley's more elaborate communi- cation. The extraordinary prevalence of this creature during the present season seems to have excited general attention, and it was stated by Mr. By erly, of Liv erpool, at the last meeting of the British Association, that in consequence of their numbers the waters acquired a rose colour. This was not the case on the eastern coast, though the unusually brilliant iridescence of the water has been the subject of remark. From the month of July to the beginning of December, there has been no difficulty in obtaining an uninterrupted supply of specimens, and during that period the water has shown incessant alter- nations of "luminosity and darkness, These conditions, there- fore, depend not merely upon the presence or absence of the animal, but on some peculiar conditions of its organs, or the inedia acting upon them. As a caution to those who may undertake the further exa- mination, | may state that the buoyancy of the Doctzluca is such as to bring it to the surface of tranquil water without any apparent eflort ; and that the best way to effect its capture is, not as is most frequen done, to use the muslin net, by which means the greater finwibar of the creatures are lost or ae a oo | — lt — oe ——— ee DR. WEBB, ON THE NOCTILUCA MILIARIS, 103 destroyed, but to skim the top, and especially those parts near the sides of the vessel in which the water has been standing. If removed in this way and kept by themselves in a test-tube, they may be preserved for two or three weeks without a fresh supply of water. Even at the end of that time, if they die, it does not appear to be from having reached the aie term of their existence, but as the Seals of some accidental cause ; they will not, however, bear carriage to any great distance in closed vessels. The following paragraphs refer to various matters, accord- ing to the order in which they occur in Mr. Huxley’s paper. The groove or depression on the body is divided into two portions by a fold of the external membrane stretching across between the protuberant and rounded masses which form its boundaries. It ends posteriorly in an acute angle, outlined by the bifurcation of a more superficial marking or channel. The stein of this forked structure is of a rigid horny nature, and is connected at the point of division with a reduplication of the internal membrane, or a prolongation of the central visceral mass. I have not been able at any time to detect an aperture at this spot, but there is some reason to believe there may be one. When the ruptured integument collapses, this straight spine may still be seen retaining its rigidity, and is the centre about which the folds arrange themselves. The investing membrane distinctly consists of two layers. The external one is minutely reticulated, and has somewhat the appearance of pavement epithelium ona small scale. The interspaces contain granular matter. With this exception it is perfectly sraooth, and I can find no trace of cilia. Illumi- nated by a parabolic condenser, the whole surface is seen studded with brilliant glittering points, apparently at the junction of the reticulations of the internal fibres with the integument. I have never been able to develope luminosity under the microscope. The internal layer is at all points in union with the whole system of reticulations spreading from the central organs. This was made manifest by the action of indigo. None of the colouring matter entered the body, but death ensued in about an hour’s time. Irregular jerking movements took place, the oral aperture and parts about it became distorted, though the motions of the cz/ium and tentacle still continued. The internal fibrous reticulations gradually contracted, drawing the “ vacuoles” together, and with them the inner membrane: This was detached without rupture, but after a time fell into folds, which so included the other structures as to have the look of a wrinkled tube with a series of pouches ending in a 104 DR. WEBB, ON THE NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. arger membranous sac. The external layer distended by degrees till it suddenly burst. I should mention that a new supply of water had been given before most of these changes happened. I have also been successful in separating the two layers mechanically, by means of pressure slowly and steadily applied to the animal under the screw compressor. The whole internal network of fibrous tissue, with the manner in which it invests the so-called “ vacuoles,” is most beautifully demon- strated by the effect of iodine. The creature dies suddenly without collapsing. The progress of the fluid can be traced along the fibres into the minutest meshes ; and there remains for a long time a transparent ball, traversed in every direction by the brown fibres, beaded with the vacuoles and granules, and having every reticulation on the surface sharply defined. Iam inclined to regard the tentacle as tubular, with an orifice on the inner side at its base. At any rate, I have seen the colour, when iodine has been used, proceed slowly towards the distal extremity ; and under the influence of indigo poi- soning, the granular matter of which the striation consists, has been disarranged, scattered up and down the interior of the organ, and in the end has aggregated together in small globules without much impairing the power of motion. I recognize no trace of striation in the external membrane ; and when seen in the normal condition by transmitted light, there is always a clear substance surrounding the dark centre. This gives the i impression of being made up of a series of discs or rings. The tentacle is extremely brittle, and breaks with a short fracture. I have never perceived any tendency to restoration of the lost part, nor any independent movement in the de- tached fragment. The stump continues active, and readily comes off at the base. The point is a little flattened. When the animal is killed in such a manner that this organ has free play, it always shows a disposition to coil up spirally. The cilium may be found in every instance in which it is looked for with a quarter-inch glass,* or even with the half-inch, pro- vided the creature is left at perfect liberty, and is nade to move, if not in the right position. It often remains at rest for some time, and then from above looks like a small bright spot at the base of the “tooth;” or it may occasionally be seen extended over the S-shaped ridge, or even the base of the tentacle. 1 have many times detected it in motion from behind through the intervening substance of the body; and have noticed it vibrating vigorously long after rupture of the integument and partial discharge of the contents. A Chara * T use a quarter-inch glass of Pillischer’s, or a 1-5th of Smith and Beck’s make. DR. WEBB, ON THE NOCTILUCA MILIARIS. 105 trough or shallow concave cell is most convenient for obser- vations on this part, as the animal swims close to the under surface of the thin glass, and may be made to turn in any direction. The ridge and tooth can scarcely be overlooked. This ridge is of fibrous structure, and may sometimes be observed in regular contractile action. Corresponding with these con- tractions, I have witnessed a to-and-fro motion of the tooth, as though working on an axis, in a direction towards the base of the tentacle. A good illustration of this performance is given by bending the fore and middle fingers and flexing them on the palm of the hand. The tooth when seen in profile has the appearance of a conical papilla (Plate VI., fig. 6), or with a slight change in the point of view, of a hooked process terminating in a sharp nib (figs. 8, 9). It readily yields to pressure, and I have seen it become shrivelled up from the use of astringents, before motion ceased in the cilium and tentacle. The “vacuoles” are alimentary sacs. When empty, they are usually contracted and grouped near the membranous tube which leads from the oral aperture, a few only being scattered among the internal reticulations. Their situation is constantly changing, sometimes with a steady advance, at others by jerks ; while the fibrous meshes with which they are connected undergo a relative alteration in shape. Gentle pressure will occasionally expel them through the oral or anal aperture ; but I have seen them spontaneously ejected without rupture, and float away from the body. In one instance where this occurred, and where the contents consisted of granular matter, fragments of Diatomacee, and particles of sand, the sac re- mained entire for some time. When it burst, the membrane doubled up, the contents escaped, and the bits of silica were characteristically shown with the polariscope. I have never known these gastric pouches, or alimentary substances to be voided by any other outlet than those connected with the central depression. The position of the second aperture, or anus, communica- ting with the gastric pouch, appears to me to be at the pos- | terior end of this depression, on the side opposite to the | tooth, and somewhat further back (fig. 7). The mode of reproduction is at present far from being satisfactorily made out. I have never met with a double in- dividual, but on one occasion witnessed the process of division, without, however, noting any proof of its connection with that of fissiparous multiplication. Contractions of the in- tegument took place in such a way as to cut off a globular 106 DR. REDFERN, ON THE TORBANEHILL mass from the body, about one-fourth of the whole. The two portions afterwards retained their form with a puckered mark at the point of separation. The nucleus was not involved in this operation, which occupied about two hours. It is also a matter of every-day observation, that when the body has been torn and nearly all the contents have been lost, the animal continues to live in a deformed state, if the nucleus and central parts are left together. They acquire a new in- vestment, or a portion of the original integument gathers up round them, while the ragged shreds are cast off. When several of these creatures have been kept for some time in still water, it is not unusual to find two of them in apposition; but I have never discovered any indications of conjunction, and look upon the condition as one of mere adhesion. It may, however, have given rise to the mention of double individuals, as the adhesion is tolerably firm, It may easily be broken up without injury to either animal. The nucleus may be demonstrated as a nucleated vesicle, sometimes solitary, more frequently with several similar, but smaller nucleated vesicles grouped around it. By careful manipulation it may be removed from the other structures. As it floats about, the true form is displayed. Seen in one position, you have a view of a round vesicle with a smaller vesicle attached to it by a sort of hour-glass contraction; in another, of a round vesicle with a central spot, a nucleated cell. : I have found the nucleus enclosed in a second membranous envelope, with a granular yelk-like fluid, which could be seen pouring out when the membrane gave way (fig. 10). Beyond this point f have not been able to trace the nucleus. a On the Narure of the Torspaneuitt and other Varieties of} Coat. By Peter Redfern, M.D., Lond., Lecturer on An- atomy and Physiology, and on Histology, in the University of Aberdeen, (Read at the Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement fj, of Science at Liverpool, 1854.) paper, under the name of coal, are such as, known commonly as coal, consist of compressed and chemically altered vegetable matter, associated with more or less of earthy substances, ana capable of being used as fuel. Though I shall confine myself chiefly to the structural cha- racters which coals present, I shall refer briefly to their chiei} AND OTHER VARIETIES OF COAL. 107 eological and chemical relations ; for it is my firm conviction, hat if the geological, chemical, and microscopical characters f such substances do not mutually illustrate and confirm ach other, the truth has not been arrived at. It is my chief object to bring forward a number of facts, hich I have arrived at after a prolonged investigation, and o detail the method which I have followed in such a way as enable every reader to repeat my observations, and either o confirm or disprove them. I have taken the greatest care to obtain authentic speci- nens, if possible, far different sources, and I have examined one of the perfect authenticity of which I had not the most vertain evidence. I have carefully examined complete sec- tons of the beds of coal of most importance in the inquiry. have broken up these masses, and examined the beds with he naked eye from top to bottom. In the case of the Tor- banehill coal I have made thin sections horizontally, and in wo directions vertically, at distances of a few inches through he thickness of the bed, to determine the structure of the hole; and I have likewise examined the coals when reduced o powder and coke. I have examined upwards of 200 sec- ions, and other microscopical preparations of different coals, fof which 180 were prepared by my own hand from speci- fmens, the perfect authenticity of which I! can easily prove. n the whole examination I have endeavoured to make out very fact as it presented itself, and to adopt no explanation fot consistent with the whole, and with the evidence derived }irom every means of observation. Yet I have no wish that nything which I may advance should be taken for granted. aim prepared to prove every statement of facts by the pre- arations on which my observations were made. The Torbanehill coal, which has recently excited so much ttention, owing to the well-known jury trial, Gillespie v. ussel, is found in the coal-measures of the lands of Tor- anehill, in the parish of Bathgate, county Linlithgow. It forms a bed, varying in thickness from 1 foot 4 inches to foot 11 inches, becoming darker in colour, coarser in tex- ilture, and less valuable as a gas coal, at Bathvale, on the west f the lands of Boghead; and very much coarser, and less aluable still, at Barbachlaw, about half a mile to the north- est of Boghead, where the seam is worked by the Monk- land’s ion Company, The position of the bed does not differ from that of a bed f coal. It has a thin layer of cement-stone immediately bove it, varying in thickness from half an inch to two inches, 108 DR. REDFERN, ON THE TORBANEHILL atin s Witahs + Above that is a bed of shale, varying in thickness up to four feet. Immediately below the bed is a stratum of — fire-clay, with occasional ironstone-balls, about two inches thick, and very full of the impressions of plants. Under that isa layer of good bright-looking coal of six inches in thick- ness. Occasionally a thin layer of common coal runs through the cannel, and is variable in thickness. It appears, there- fore, that the bed is in a similar geological position to that of other cannel coals. In working the coal, it is got in rhomboidal blocks, ex-— tending through the whole thickness of the seam, and mea-— suring from six to sixteen inches in breadth, and from five to fifteen in depth (back). The fracture perpendicular to the plane of stratification is conchoidal, that parallel to the same plane is slaty. The colour is of a light brown, and the streak yellow and dull in the upper part of the seam; in the lower part the colour is, in many specimens, as dark and lustrous as that of many other cannels, and the streak varies in a like proportion. When viewed chemically (I now quote from the evidence of Dr. George Wilson, one of the pursuer’s witnesses at the late jury trial), ‘There is no ingredient in common coal that is not at all present in the Torbane mineral. There is no} ingredient in Torbane mineral that is entirely absent from all known coals.” But there are some chemical peculiarities. The quantity of earthy matter is large, 18 per cent. ; but many well-known coals contain a still larger quantity. The fixed carbon is. small in quantity, but analyses of other coals have shown less ; and the total carbon is quite equal to that in other cannel coals—654 per cent. (Hoffman and Stenhouse). The hydro- gen is in very large quantity (74 to 9 per cent.), but even in this particular the Methill coal approaches very closely ; for. Professor Anderson found 7:54 per cent. in it. The following tables, copied from a paper by my esteemed friend Dr. Fyfe, published by the Royal Scottish Society of] Arts, will be found of great value in comparing the Torbane-| hill with other coals. To the whole of that paper I may refer} as a statement of a mass of facts, unquestionably proving that}}! the 'Torbanehill mineral is similar in every chemical relation}! to other coals. th On this table Dr, Fyfe remarks: “That the proportion off volatile matter of the coals varies from about 37 to nearly 67 of per cent. ; of course the coke varies from about 33 to 63. Thejf proportion of fixed carbon and of ash in the coke also varies ; AND OTHER VARIETIES OF COAL. 109 he former being from about 18 to 52, the ash from 3:6 to ao. ABLE of the Proportions of Volatile Matter, of Coke, of Fixed Carbon, and of Ash, in 100 parts of different Coals, and in the Torbane Mineral. Pe ll In ea of @hika: | In puckeae of Specific | d | c. cannel, Gravity. es, kao h. household. Raeatils Coke. |Carbon.| Ash. Carbon.| Ash. atter. | | 1 Wigan, Ince Hall. c. | 1255 | 37°6 | 62°4 | 56°0 | 6°4 | 89-7 | 10°3 o a e.| .. | 37°7 | 62°3 | 50°5 | 11°8 | 81-0 | 19-0 Torbane household . ate 38°3 | 61°7 | 52°5 9°2 | 85°0 | 15:0 Manneil..-..,. .« ce.| .. | 44°4] 55°6 | 44°4 | 11°2 | 80-0 | 20-0 Donibristle fee esl 1237 | 46°5 |) 53° 5. ).4929 4°3 | 92:0 8:0 Capledrae (2nd) . c. | 1310 | 47°2 | 52°8 | 24-3 | 28°5 | 46-0 | 54:0 Knightswood . . ec. : 47°5 | 52°5 | 48°5 | 4°0 | 92-4] 7°6 Balbardie ye . 43°6 | 56°4 | 29°8 | 26°6 | 52°8 | 47°2 Lochgellie pee 5. C, a 50°4 | 49°6 | 36°2 | 13°4 | 73°0 | 27°0 Disco Island - h. | 1884 | 50°6 | 49°4 | 39°6 9°8.| 80°0 | 20°0 *Monkland. . . ce. - 54°2 | 45°8 | 39°5 6°3 | 86°2 | 13°8 Lesmahago Cah ae 724.) 42°6 | 39° |) 3:6) 915 185 a Boe Ce fess | 58°S.| Al 7") 35°3.| 6-4. | 84°6 | 1594 LGN bet es RT On ae 59 0 | 41°0 | 18*5 | 22-5 | 45°0 | 55-0 Capledrae (Ist) . c¢. | 1238 | 59°1 | 40°9 | 33°2 | 7°7 | 18°8 | 81:2 Wemyss ee CRE | iris 66°6 | 33°4 | 21°9 | 11°5 | 65°5 | 34°5 SROCHANGIN cece) 3 C. . 6629 i-3o20 st Lb Gull U7 b i Aye peo s Ah bis c. ° 68-1 | 31°9 | 14°5 | 17°4 | 45°4 | 54°6 rs a e. 2 68°4 | 31°6 8°6 23°0 |) 27°2)))' 7258 :s ~ ey (CS s 69°0 |} 31°0 9°3 |. 21°7 | 30°0 | '70°0 -* 2 €. * 69°8) | 30°22 | I3<1 | Tel | 43°83 | 5627 Z > eae 69°8 | 30°2 | 6:6 | 23-2 | 29°8 | 70:2 os Ant ie oo 70°1 DOE kG rc 12°8 | 56°0 | 44°0 » average. «| 1199 | 68-8 | 31°2 | 11-9 | 18-3 | 38°4 | 61°6 Treein Torbane. . Hd 68-8 | 81°2 | 10°8 | 26°4 | 34°6 | 65°4 “ matophora, are made still more distinct by placing stop 1 as marked in the portion A of the diagram. ~ h 234 MEMORANDA. Cheap Microscopes he President of the Microscopical Society in his late address drew attention to the general im- pression, that in order to make good observations it was necessary to have a high-priced microscope. He denied this, and stated his conviction that all the arrangements necessary for accurate investigation might be obtained at a very much lower price, than is given for the very perfect and beautiful apparatus of our first makers. The drawback on purchasing cheap microscopes is the want of knowledge of the properties of good glasses on the part of begimers. As the use of the microscope is now becoming a matter of educational import- ance, and as in order that it may be used by all, it must be sold at a price to be attained by all and at the same time a good instrument insured, the Society of Arts has offered two prizes for the best microscopes at stated prices. We have much pleasure in drawing attention to the followmg announcement of this Society. ‘The Council has determined to offer special prizes— 1. For a School Microscope, to be sold to the public at a price not exceeding 10s, 6d.—Prize— The Society's Medal. To be a simple microscope, furnished with powers as low as those of a pocket-magnifier, for the purpose of observing flowers, insects, &c., without dissection. The lenses should range from two inches to 1-8th of an inch; the focal adjust- ment to be by rack-work, extending sufficiently above the stage to allow a thick object to be brought under the lowest power. It should be furnished with plyers, a concave mirror, and an illuminating lens, also a live box, or, instead of it, two or three glass cells of different depths, a few slips of common glass, and a few pieces of thin glass for covers. Makers are requested to state at what additional price they will undertake to supply a doublet of 1-16th or 1-20th of an inch, applicable to any instrument as above described. 2. For a Teacher's or Student’s Microscope, to be sold to the public at a price not exceeding 3/. 3s.—Prize— The Society's Medal. To be a compound Achromatic Microscope, with two eye- pieces and two object-glasses, one magnifying 120 diameters with the lower eye-piece, the other magnifying 25 diameters with the lower eye-piece. It should be furnished with a dia- phragm, having various-sized openings, mirror, side illumi- nator, live box, forceps stage and case. In the event of the medal being awarded, the Council is prepared to take 100 of the smaller and 50 of the larger micro- scopes, at the trade discount. MEMORANDA. 235 The instruments for which the medals shall have been awarded will be retained by the Society as standards ; and the successful competitors must enter into a guarantee to supply their microscopes at the foregoing prices, and of equal quality with those retained, and to change them if not found satis- factory. The Council, in all cases, expressly reserves the power of withholding the premium or medal altogether, should the essays and articles sent in competition not be considered worthy of reward. The essays and articles intended for competition must be delivered, addressed to the Secretary, at the Society’s house, free of expense, on or before the 1st of May, 1855. Cilia in Diatomacex.— During my examinations, near the end of the last summer, of the ciliary motion in the Desmidiea, I frequently noticed in many of the more commonly met with forms of the Diatomacee a similar arrangement of cilia. I have attentively watched Diatomacee moving slowly and steadily across the field of the microscope, when upon meet- ing with any obstacle to their progress they have changed their course, or pushed the obstruction aside, as if conscious of an impediment. I have repeatedly satisfied myself that their motive power is derived from cilia, arranged around openings at either end ; insome around central openings, which with those cilia at the ends act as paddles or propellers. This arrangement is indicated merely in the very rough sketch I made at the time, as I then antici- pated other opportunities for the purpose of rendering them more perfect. Before I had made out the cilia, I thought it very remarkable to see these little bodies moving along, and steering their course by a power which they were evidently able to call into action and restrain at will, I was therefore agreeably surprised to find this motive power due to cilia. The position assigned to the cilia, it will be observed, differs much from the ciliary pro- cesses found in the Desmidiew, and which is only, I believe, a physical force acting independently of any controlling power ; on the contrary, with the Diatomacee their cilia appear to act in obedience to some will, for intervals of rest and motion are most clearly to be distinguished ; and this knowledge would naturally induce a doubt, or cause one to inquire once 236 MEMORANDA. more, whether the Diatomaceew are properly classed in the vegetable kingdom ? I would take this opportunity of impressing upon the atten- tion of those microscopists, who wish to examine for them- selves the ciliary movements of the lower forms of life, the necessity of using only very shallow cells for the purpose, say of from 1-50th to 1-100th of an inch deep, and glass covers of from 1-150th to 1-250th of an inch thick. The objective must be 1-4th or 1-8th, with a good eye-piece; the objects themselves should be carefully illuminated, by using for the purpose a parabolic reflector, or a Gillett’s condenses and the examination be conducted during very bright weather or in sunlight.—J. Hoee. New Mode of Eiemination—Your obliging insertion in the last number of the ‘Microscopical Journal,’ of my note on ‘ Closterium,* tempts me to send you another Memorandum, in the hope! it may be found worthy of a similar corner in your next. Those who, like myself, do not happen to possess either a Wenham’s or Shadbolt’s parabolic condenser, will find the following plan an efficient substitute, perhaps even superior to those instruments for defining certain structures. With a steady clear lamp- light throw a strong background illumination, according to the method of ¢heRev. Mia Reade, rendered more intense by using a bull’s-eye lens placed near, and with its convexity toward the light, and a smaller con- densing lens (on a separate stand), focusing the bright light on the object beneath the stage, and at an angle beyond the range of the angular aperture of the objective. Then let the rays which ae passed through the slide be received above the stage, on either a side- reflector or a Lieberkuhn, placed so as to reflect them on the object from the side opposite to the light. A brilliant illumination on a dark or black ground is thus produced, which displays many objects with extreme distinctness and beauty, and, as in all background illumination, with the great advantage of preserving their natural form and colour. Among those best adapted for illustration by this method, are the coloured spicule of Gorgonia; recent and fossil Foraminifera; vpartially-transparent injected preparations ; palate of Myliobates; hair of Indian Bat ; scales of Lepisma, of Amathusia Horsfeldii, and of many other butterflies and * Allow me to correct a mistake of your printer, in inserting the last paragraph but two at page 172, which was not intended for the press, but to account for the erasure of some experiments narrated in the original MS. MEMORANDA. ; 237 moths, all of which may be beautifully seen under an ordinary l-inch lens. With a 3-inch of moderate aperture (57°), and Lieberkuhn, the markings on several Diatomacex, as WN. formosa, elongata, Hippocampus, Baltica, and Stauroneis Phenicenteron are splendidly shown in distinct ridges ; and by using the draw-tube, a clear definition may be obtained of P. angulatum. I have, even with the same lens, exhibited palpable indications of the lines on an (American) Amician test, P. gracilis—T. G. Wricut, M.D., Wakefield. Another Finder.— The best description of “ Finder” for the microscopist appears still to be an open question. It has been made abundantly evident that a strong pre- dilection exists in favour of the ring, or circle around the object, although the methods of effecting it have hitherto been most uncertain in their results, as well as both difficult to accomplish, and disfiguring in appearance to the slide when required for the cabinet. To produce this ring by ** machinery” had occupied my attention long before Mr. Tyrrell’s description of a “ Finder” appeared in your third number, but, on reading that, a new idea was suggested by the rectangular scale. The result has been the cross lines near the edge of the slide, as shown in the accompanying diagram ; but as it was soon made apparent that, in addition to these, some definite indication of the precise spot was absolutely necessary, the original idea was fallen back upon, and has been put into practice with the most perfect success, The annexed sketch is the full size of the original, attached to a “ quarter” of Ross. A, a brass cap, fitting upon the end of the object-glass, which it entirely “Sx covers up and protects from injury. The upper end is thin and slit so as to move round easily without shaking. B, a stem soldered to the side of the © cap, with the upper end having two projecting sides to steady the ends of C, e, and f, which are firmly screwed to it. C, an elastic arm of hammered brass, which carries at its lower end, D, a lever of thin brass plate, having a frag- ment of diamond inserted in its thinner end, and directly under the centre of the cap A. e and f are two springs, pressing upon the shorter end of 238 MEMORANDA. the lever D, the longer one, f, has a hole, to allow the screw, h, to pass without touching it. g, a screw, holding the two springs and the elastic arm to the arm of the cap. h, a milled screw, to adjust the elastic arm C, so as to bring the diamond point away from the centre, according to the size of the ring required. I have one attached to a half-inch, but the quarter is by far the most useful, as this is the power I generally employ in searching any new material. Before commencing the examination of a slide, the latter should be firmly fixed to the stage, by bringing the slip te press tightly on its edge. Having now found any particular specimen and brought it into the centre of the field, and having been careful to adjust the mirror in a line with the tube, if not using a condenser, the body of the instrument may be run up and the cap A slipped on to the end of the object-glass, with the upright arm, B, either directly in front, or behind, in a line with the stem. The whole may then be moved down again till the scratching-point touches the surface of the cover, which can easily be seen by the movement of the lever when looking at it horizontally, and applying the finger to the side of the screw fA, the cap may be turned round on its centre, making a neatly-turned circular scratch on the cover, with the object perfectly central. By working the slide upwards or downwards, and making a straight line at the side, either up to the edge itself, or crossing a longer line parallel with the edge, and produced by using the other movement of the stage, any particular circle may always be found at once, and may also be registered on the end of the slide. After the circle has been completed, the vertical motion of the stage will produce a line with a loop at the end, which is, perhaps, the most ready guide to the object sought for. After a number of trials and various alterations, the present arrangement is the simplest and most effective | have been able to devise; but being only an amateur workman, it does not contain so many “ perfections,” perhaps, as any of our celebrated opticians may be able to add to it should it become an article of ‘* manufacture ;’ as, for instance, a wheel and pinion to give the circular motion, and again, by a graduated scale on the lever D, the size of the circle, which ranges up to an eighth of an inch, might be determined beforehand with the greatest nicety. Slides thus marked are by no means conspicuous, and require to be seen by reflected light to detect the rings. ‘[heir appearance may be judged of by the MEMORANDA. 239 accompanying duplicates, one of which being mounted dry, that is, with the cover merely supported by its edge, will show the delicac y and little risk there is in cracking the thin glass. In examining a slide, it will, of course, be necessary a focus for the upper Eakaee of the cover first, until the circle be found, when, on lowering the object-glass, the specimen will be seen in the field, if the light in both cases has been central—W. K. Brineman, Norwich. On the Aperture of Objcct-glasses.— Having read over the re- marks in your last number on the Aperture of Object-glasses, by my friend Mr. Wenham and Dr. Robinson, I should wish to offer a few remarks ; not that I shall attempt to take up the valuable pages of your Journal by discussing the matter in the two papers, but I should wish to call attention to a par- ticular fact connected with a well-conducted experiment named in my last communication, and which neither Mr. Wenham nor Dr. Robinson have noticed. For if it be a fact in one case that the angle of aperture of an object-glass be re- duced when brought to bear on an object mounted in balsam, it must be so zn every case. ‘The experiment which I refer to is one which I have again tried with great caution, and with the same result. Let aa bea pencil of light falling upon the under-surface of the anterior lens of a set of wide aperture, say 152°, and let the central ray of the pencil a a make an angle of about 75° with the axis of the lens )); take two sliders, the one con- taining an object mounted dry, and the other an object mounted in balsam, and let them be so selected that the object in both sliders may be exactly in focus when placed under the ob- jective, without having occasion to move the adjusting screw. Now, when the pencil of light makes an angle so great as sheave stated, a part of the field of view will not be perfectly illuminated ; place the slide with the dry object under the objective, and it will be found that the fieid is still partly illuminated as before; then remove this slide and place the one below containing the object mounted in balsam, the field is still invariably illuminated in the same manner, there being no difference in the illumination, however the rays may have 240 MEMORANDA. been refracted before they reach the objective, either by the glass in the first slide or by the glass and balsam combined in the second: it being thus proved that however the rays may have been refracted by the different media, and however we may reason from theory upon those refractions, the actual working aperture of the objective remains, under all conditions, exactly the same; for if it were reduced by any of those refractions, not one single ray of the pencil aa could ever reach the eye of the observer at the upper part of the microscope. Indeed, I have tried this experiment with a set of lenses of 1-12th of an inch focus and 152° of aperture, and on removing those from the instrument, and placing on it another set of the same power, but of 148° of aperture, the field was unilluminated , and the effect of the black ground immediately produced, at once pointing out that if by any refraction the aperture of the lens had been reduced only 2° on each side of the perpen- dicular, the effect of each refraction would have been imme- diately seen. With respect to the markings on the Diato- macez, and the manner in which they are effected by balsam, I think Dr. Robinson has forgotten that none of those minute and beautiful forms are without some portion of colour; and although balsam makes objects more transparent, and con- sequently appears to rob them of a part of their colour, it still leaves sufficient even in the smaller forms of the Diatomacez to render both them and their markings perfectly visible. Who would ever contend that the markings on the larger Pinnularia are not much better seen in balsam than when the object is mounted dry? and, as I stated in my last communi- cation, I have two slides of the WV. rhomboides (Amician test), the one mounted dry and the other in balsam, and I can at all times see the delicate markings on this object quite as well, or even better, on the specimens in balsam than on those which are mounted dry. To an uneducated eye the markings on the dry objects may appear more striking, on account of their stronger colour; but to a well- educated eye the superior sharpness and exquisite beauty of those objects when balsam- mounted is such as it would be vain to look for when they are in their natural state. Again, I think it rather an unfair way of testing the visibility of the markings, either in or out of balsam, by the use of high eye-pieces; for at the same time that you reduce the light by the eye-piece, you destroy the effect of the difference of colour, and therefore, of course, when this difference is small, as it is in balsam-mounted Diato- mace, you might as well blot out the object altogether, To see objects well. when they are so very transparent, you want all the light you can obtain, as the greater the light the MEMORANDA. 241 greater will be any dissimilarity in colour of the various parts ; but if you destroy the intensity of the light, by using a high power eye-piece, you might as well try to see it with the low power, and a telescopic sun-shade over it. I have a five-feet achromatic telescope which will show the fifth star in the trapezium of Orion very well with a power of 100; but with higher powers you cannot see the small star, because the telescope has not sufficient light to show the difference in the colour of the faint star and the nebula by which it is sur- rounded. This equally applies to microscopic vision, par- ticularly where the object is very transparent, and the difference in colour between the object and the balsam comparatively small. With regard to the diminished aperture, as. made apparent by the methods employed by Mr. Wenham and Dr. Robinson, when applied to balsam-mounted objects, I think it is very easy to account for the conclusions they have been led to; for every one conversant with optical instruments knows that the larger the aperture in proportion to the focus, the greater will be the aberration of the rays passing through or from the edge of such aperture, as, in a telescope of large aperture, one angular inch in the centre will give as much light as eight or ten angular inches taken in the form of a ring round the extreme edge of the glass ; no wonder then, that in the objective of a microscope, where the diameter of the aperture is seven and a half times that of the focus (which it is when the aperture is 152°), the aberrations from near the edges of the glass should be so great as to cause the rays not to be visible after having passed through balsam. I recollect that the last time [ had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Wenham he told me he had made a 1-8th, the aperture of which was somewhere between 170° and 180°, but on account of the weakness of the rays at the edges, arising from aberration, he would not undertake to say within 4° or 5° what the exact aperture really was. With these observations I shall conclude my remarks, being fully persuaded that when objects are mounted in balsam that medium has no effect in reducing the aperture of the objective, and that no external cause, except a fluid or other medium in actual contact with the objective, can, consistently with the known laws of optics, produce such an effect.—J. D. Sotuitr, Huil. On Washing and Concentrating Diatomacez.— Having read in your last Journal the excellent paper by Mr. Okeden ‘On a mode of Washing and Concentrating Diatomaceous Earths,” VOL, ITI. R 242 MEMORANDA. and having lately used a similar process with some success, by allowing the Diatoms to fall through a given length of water, I beg to forward you the method I have adopted. I first boil the deposit in strong hydrochloric acid for five or ten minutes, then allow it to subside, pour off all the acid, and by a few washings get as much of it away as pos- sible. Then treat the deposit in the same way with strong nitric acid, washing the deposit by repeated washings to get rid of the remaining acid. When this is done, I then separate the Diatoms according to their different gravities by allowing them to pass through a column of water in the following manner :— I take a long glass tube about four feet long and half an inch in bore. At the bottom of this tube is fixed a stop-cock to enable me to let eut any of the Diatoms during any stage of the process. Having nearly filled this tube with distilled water, [ pour in my deposit washed free from the acids. I watch the deposit as it falls slowly and gradually down the tube, and with a Codington lens can easily detect the larger Diatoms as they are precipitated. In about a quarter of an hour, many of the larger forms will have descended to the bottom of the tube. By turning the tap at the bottom of the tube, I let out a drop of the mixture on a slide, and examine it with a low power (3-inch) ; and if it be tolerably clear, and the Diatoms of one character, I then let off five or six inches of the mixture into a test-tube, and set it aside for re- examination after the Diatoms have subsided. In a quarter of an hour more, I again let off into another test-tube six or eight inches more of the mixture, and place it aside to settle. In half an hour more I let off into another test-tube six or eight inches of the mixture, which will contain the finer Diatoms by themselves, generally free from all mud and sand. I then pass each of these washings again through the long tube of distilled water; and by examining the mixture during the process of its subsidence, I am enabled to let out the heavier particles of sand or mud, and to obtain pretty clean all those Diatoms which are alike in size, or at all events in specific gravity. Some Diatoms take a longer time than others in settling to the bottom of the tube, and separat- ing themselves from extraneous matter, such as the Witzschia closterium, &c. ; but, by a little patience, and an extra washing through the tube, these difficulties may, in a great measure, be overcome. By this method, I have found the Pleurosigmata, Pinnularia, Surirelle, and Synedre, very well separated, those of a like character being found together, I have been stimulated to send you these few remarks on the washing of MEMORANDA. 243 Diatomacez, on account of the great difficulty I have hitherto experienced in procuring slides free from mud, sand, and other extraneous matters——H. Munro, M.D., M.R.C.S., &c., Hull. Campylodiscus clypeus.— On September 6, I found in brackish water, near Yarmouth, what I took to be Campylodiscus bicos- tatus, specimens of which so named I distributed amongst several members of the British Association, at the Liverpool meeting. I now find it should have been named C. elypeus, and which I understand is new to Britain—R. WiceuHam, Norwich. Cilia on the surface of Conferve.— A] though I am aware that the existence of cilia on the Oscillatorie has been inferred from the motion of particles of matter in the water in their neighbourhood, [ am not certain whether any observer has distinctly seen them. It may be of interest to some of your readers to know that by using a dark stop with the achro- matic condenser, the whole surface of a large species of Oscillatoria (found in brackish water) may be seen covered with cilia moving in a circular sweeping wave round the axis of the organism: this motion is particularly distinct and beautiful at the sutures of the segments, where the cilia may be seen en profile, and seem to form a distinct fringe. At the “smaller end,” which one occasionally finds on the longer pieces, the motion is very lively, as well as that peculiar “ vermicular” waving which is so characteristic of the. species. The ciliary movements are only to be made out clearly (in the specimens which I have examined) whilst they are in a state of progression, which inclines me to suppose that that motion at least is produced by their agency. The object-glass used was a 1-4th, of Mr. Pillischer’s make, with a large angle of aperture, and the shallow eye-piece.— G. H. Kinestry, M.D., Glossop Hall, Derbyshire. On an easy method of wiping Thin Glass Covers. As many of the readers of the ‘ Microscopical Journal,’ like myself, may have found great difficulty in wiping the thin glass covers for microscopic objects, by the ordinary method of holding them between the thumb and finger, without occupying considerable time and frequently breaking them; mayI venture to suggest that the following method, which I have adopted for some time, will, I think, be found a much easier, and at the same time a much safer way of effecting the above object? After having washed the covers, I take two or three out of R 2 244 MEMORANDA. the liquid and lay them on a piece of calico spread out on a table or other flat surface. I then remove most of the liquid from one of the pieces by rubbing it on the extended calico. Having removed most of the moisture in this way, I place the cover on a piece of buff about 10 inches long and 2 inches wide, fastened on a flat piece of wood of the same size, and by means of an old cambric handkerchief or bit of leather twisted round my fore-finger | rub it towards the other end, turning it in its course, when it will generally be found to be quite clean and fit to be put away ready for use at any time. With a little practice this method will be found to be a very easy one, and attended with very little risk of breakage. —Wiutuam Honeson, 62, York Street, Lambeth. Metallic impressions of Wicroscopic Objects.— The transparency of some microscopic objects frequently renders it a matter of difficulty to determine satisfactorily the details of their surface structure, or whether indicated lines, dots, or markings, are really dependent upon exterior configuration. Many of these objects, from their translucency, refract and reflect light, in such various directions, that their superficial formation becomes almost a matter of conjecture; neither is this doubt always to be resolved by viewing them as opaque objects, for in this case also, the same transparency prevents them from intercept- ing and dispersing a sufficiency of light, to render the question a conclusive one. The siliceous valves of the Diatomacee are a class of objects peculiarly possessed of the above characteristics. It has long been a point of dispute, whether the markings which nearly all these objects display are invariably caused by projections on their surfaces, or by the mechanism of their internal structure. I have long been of the former opinion. A careful study of the coarser varieties will distinctly prove that the markings are raised ribs or promi- nences on the surfaces; in some instances occupying one side of the scale only, as seen in the Campylodiscus spiralis, and others. ‘Though the microscope proves this fact satis- factorily in the large species, it fails to do so in the most difficult specimens, chiefly on account of the above-named deceptive appearances, arising from the irregular refraction and reflection of light. It occurred to me that it might be possible to obtain a perfect cast or impression of the structure, and by viewing this as an opaque object, the errors of refraction would be avoided, and a discovery might be the reward of the experi- ment. JI have succeeded in effecting this, by means of the MEMORANDA. 245 electrotype process, which, for many reasons, is to be pre- ferred, as it does not distort the object, and is so minutely faithful, that even the mere trace of organic matter left by a slight finger-mark is perfectly copied. The method that I have adopted is this—procure a small plate of metal highly polished (a piece of daguerreotype plate answers extremely well), and after gently heating it, rub a piece of bees’-wax over the surface ; while this is still melted, wipe it nearly all off again with a piece of rag, so as to allow a very thin film to remain. When the plate is cold, arrange the Diatomacee or other objects, previously moistened, upon the waxed surface, heat the plate again to at least 212°, in order to cement the objects on to it. The wax serves a twofold purpose—first its interposition prevents the possibility of a chemical union of the metallic deposit with the plate; and secondly, the object is securely held thereto by its agency. The objects are now ready to receive a coating of copper. If the battery is in good working order, three or four hours will give a film sufficiently strong to bear removal ; when this is stripped off, if the process has been properly managed, the objects will be seen embedded in its surface. Whether they are siliceous or organic they may be entirely dissolved out, by boiling the cast in a test-tube, with a strong solution of caustic potash, and afterwards washing with distilled water ; the copper film may then be mounted in Canada balsam. By these means I have obtained distinct impressions of the markings of some of the more difficult Diatomacee, such as WN. Balticum, P. Hippocampus, &c.,leaving no doubt of their promi- nent nature. Care must be taken not to leave too much wax on the plate, or either a clean deposit will not be obtained, or the objects will be obscured by it. On the other hand, if too little is left, the copper will insinuate itself underneath the structure, and raise it from its place. Upon one occasion,| dried a section of wood on to a metal plate by heating it. In this state it appeared to be firmly adherent by its own resinous exudation. On placing it in connection with the battery over night, in the morning I found the bare section on the outside of the metallic deposit, upon which it had left a slight, though by no means a good impression. Even when a thin film of a non-conducting substance intervenes, the tendency of the deposit is to get as near as possible to the conducting plate, and in its endeavours to do so, it will fill every cavity and pore, however minute. There is another method of obtaining metallic casts of minute objects that gives some curious results, and is, therefore, worthy of mention: it is done by stamping, or the same process in 246 MEMORANDA. miniature as that by which the plates of Auers’ “ nature- printing ” are formed. Take some perfectly clean and bright tinfoil, three or four times doubled, and lay it upon a smooth block of metal. On the upper surface of the foil place the object; hold upon this a short steel punch with a highly- polished face, and strike it a smart blow with a hammer. In this way fish-scales, feathers, and sections, may be fairly impressed in the tin. For delineation of surface this process is not much to be depended upon; for if contiguous parts of the object are hard and soft, or more or less elastic, it will develop markings where they do not really exist. As an example, when a mouse hair was copied by the electrotype, it was shown to be nearly smooth, but when stamped into the foil, all its characteristic pigment-cells were displayed im the metal in a very beautiful manner. It has often been thought that these cells are real external cavities ; which appearance is, doubtless, a deception of refraction. The last operation also displays some singular peculiarities in other animal hairs. I think that it would be an improvement to make use of a fly-press instead of the hammer and punch.—F. H. Wennam. Note on Dr. Griffiths’ Paper on Angular Aperture.— We have received a communication from Dr. D’Alquen, containing “ Further Remarks on Dr. J. W. Griffiths’ Paper, on the Angular Aperture of Object-glasses, &c.,° in which that gentleman complains in very strong terms of the way in which his objections are noticed by Dr. Griffiths in the Micrographic Dictionary, Art. Diatomacez, p. 203. And in support of his own views, he states that they had elicited the spontaneous approval of one of the best authorities on the subject, who had written to him to the following effect :— “ T have, however, to congratulate you upon the plain and matter-of-fact method by which you refuted Dr. Griffiths’ visionary theory, and which I think he will find it difficult to answer, even if he should feel so inclined.”— Epitors. ERRATA. Page 110, line 35, for solid, read sold. » 119, ,, 36, for Plate IX. read Plate VII. », 124, ,, 22, for soniferous, read coniferous. ( 247.) PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. Microscoricau Society. December 27th, 1854. Dr. Carpenter, President, in the Chair. A paper was read by the President, on the Development of the Embryo of Purpura lapillus (Transactions, vol. iii., p. 16). J. Shuter, Esq., was balloted for, and elected a Fellow. January 24th, 1855. N. B. Ward, Esq., in the Chair. A paper was read from Mrs. Herbert Thomas, on Cosmarum margriatiferum, and other Desmidez. Dr. Herapath, of Bristol, and J. E. Smith, Esq., were balloted for, and duly elected. February 28th, 1855. Anniversary Meeting. Dr. Carpenter in the Chair. The Report of the Council was read. The President delivered an address. - F.C. Hills, Esq., Charles L. Leaf, Esq., Dr. F. Degrave, and R. C. Griffiths, Esq., were balloted for and elected. The ballot for officers resulted in the re-election of Dr. Carpenter, President ; N. B. Ward, Esq., Treasurer; and J. Quekett, Esq., Secretary. The following gentlemen were added to the Council:—J. N. Furze, Esq., H. Perigal, Esq., Jun., Rev. J. B. Reade, and J. B. Simonds, Esq. Roya Society. ‘ Micro-chemical Researches on the Digestion of Starch and Amy- laceous Foods.” By Puirre Burnarp Ayres, M.D., Lond. Communicated by Joun Bisuor, Esq., F.R.S. Received Janu- ary 11, 1855. Arter some general historical remarks on the methods hitherto employed in the investigation of the complicated phenomena of the process of digestion, the comparatively small results obtained by chemical analysis of the contents of the stomach, intestinal canal, and of the evacuations, by Tiedemann and Gmelin, Berzelius, and others, the author proceeded to demonstrate the necessity of a minute ex- amination of the contents of the alimentary canal by the microscope, and such chemical tests as we possess for the determination of the changes of such articles of food as exhibit definite structure. In order that we may ultimately arrive at a complete exposition of the phenomena of digestion, he is of opinion that it will be neces- sary to examine,—first, the structure of particular kinds of food, then the changes produced in them by cooking, and lastly to trace the changes they undergo at short intervals, through the alimentary canal from the stomach to the rectum. ‘The results of a series of 248 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. researches of this character on the changes in starch, and starch- containing foods, are presented in this memoir. The method adopted for the examination of the changes in starch and starch-foods was as follows:—an animal was kept fasting twenty-four hours, and afterwards confined to a diet consisting of the starch or amylaceous food, with water, for five or six days, until the debris of all other kinds of food previously taken were cleared from the alimentary canal. At a determinate time, after a meal, the animal was killed, the abdomen laid open as quickly as possible, and ligatures placed at short intervals on the intestinal canal, from the pyrolus to the rectum. ‘The contents of the stomach and each portion of the intestinal canal included between the ligatures was then carefully examined. This mode of examination sufficed to determine the changes which occur in the food during normal diges- tion ; but other questions as to the particular secretion or secretions by which the changes observed were effected. The fluids poured into the alimentary canal are five in number,— the saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and finally, the intes- tinal mucus. The influence of the saliva is easily determined, by chewing the particular food subjected to experiment, and keeping the mixture at about 98° Fahr. The combined action of the saliva and gastric juice is seen in the contents of the stomach. ‘To determine the action of the bile, the common bile-duct was tied, and to ascertain the action of the intestinal mucus, it was necessary to ligature the bile and pancreatic ducts. If the digestion of the substance is not effected in the stomach, it is evident that it cannot be attributed to the saliva or gastric juice; if the digestion is still effected in the intestinal canal after ligature of the bile-duct, it cannot be attributed to the action of the saliva, gastric juice or bile; if it still go on after ligature of the bile and pancreatic ducts, the digestive power must of necessity be referred to the action of the intestinal mucus, provided no change has previously taken place in the stomach ; but if the food passes unchanged after cutting off the supply of bile and pancreatic juice, but proceeds after ligature of the bile-duct alone, the act of digestion must be referred to the pancreatic juice. The author first briefly describes the structure of the starches and starch-containing vegetables employed in his experiments; then the changes produced by cooking, and finally enters on a minute deserip- tion of the changes observed in the experiments he performed on normal digestion, and after cutting off the supply of bile and pan- creati¢ juice. The correct appreciation of the structure of the starch-granule is of considerable importance in relation to these investigations, and the author believes that he has been able to afford a satisfactory solution of this vexed question. ‘The changes observed during the digestion of starch favour the original opinion of Leuwenhoeck, that the starch-granule consists essentially of an investing membrane or cell-wall, enclosing an amorphous matter, the true starch, which strikes an intense blue colour with iodine ; and these changes also support the opinion of Professor Quekett, that the concentric circles PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 249 seen on the starch-granules of many plants are simple foldings of the investing membrane, leaving it still doubtful, however, whether these concentric circles are not in the starches of some plants com- posed of linear series of dotted elevations or depressions of the in- vesting membrane. By these experiments it was determined that the concentric circles remain after the whole of the starch matter, colourable by iodine, was removed, and that even then the characteristic cross and colours were still seen when the granules were viewed by polarized light, although more feebly than before; this result being probably due to the lessened power of refracting light, after the removal of the starch matter. After describing the structure of the wheat-grain and flour, the changes occurring in the wheat-starch during the manufacture of bread are given in detail ; but the most interesting of the changes produced by cooking are those seen in the boiled or roasted potato and in the boiled pea. In each of these the act of cooking effects two purposes :—it causes great enlargement and physical change of the starch-granules, and dissolves the intimate adhesion of the starch-cells, which after- wards appear as ovid or globular. slightly adherent bodies distended by the swollen starch granules, the outlines of which are indicated by more or less irregular gyrate lines, produced by the mutual com- pression of the starch-granules within an inelastic cell-membrane. The starch-granules of the pea possess a much thicker investing membrane than those of the potato, which causes their outlines to remain much more distinct after the removal of the true starch sub- stance during the process of digestion. The other structures seen in the pea are carefully described; the most curious among them being the cells composing the external layer of the testa, which bear so strong a resemblance to columnar epithelium of the intes- tine, that they might be mistaken for the latter by an inattentive observer. The substances submitted to experiment were,—1, boiled wheat- starch; 2, wheaten bread; 3, uncooked tous les mois; 4, boiled tous les mois ; 5, boiled potato ; 6, uncooked peas ; 7, boiled peas ; 8, boiled peas after ligature of the bile-duct; 9, boiled potatoes after ligature of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Several subsidiary experiments were made to determine the action of the intestinal mucus, the saliva, and the substance of the pancreas, on starch. The conclusions at which the author arrives from the experiments are,— 1. That the starch-granule is composed of two parts, chemically and histologically distinect,—-a cell-membrane and homogeneous contents. ‘lhe markings seen on many varieties of starch are re- ferred to folds or markings of the investing membrane. 2. No perceptible change occurs in the starch, whether raw or cooked, during its sojourn in the stomach of quadrupeds or the ventriculus succenturiatus and gizzard of birds; all the granules preserve their perfect reaction with iodine and their pristine ap- pearance. 250 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 3. The conversion of boiled starch into dextrine and glucose is chiefly effected in the first few inches of the small intestine, but it continues to take place in a less degree throughout the entire intes- tinal canal. 4. In the digestion of boiled wheat or other starch, or of wheaten bread, the bulk of the mass rapidly diminishes in its passage through the small and large intestines, so that it ultimately yields only a small quantity of fecal matter. After being deprived of their con- tents, the membranes of the granules shrink and shrivel up into a minute granular matter, which constitutes the chief bulk of the fecal evacuations after an exclusive diet of starch food. 5. The digestion of raw starch food (peas) in the pigeon or other granivorous birds goes on much more slowly, and progresses pretty equally throughout the entire intestinal canal. The starch-granules, whether free or included in cells, become intersected by radiating or irregular lines or fissures, more or less opaque or granular; they also gradually lose their characteristic reaction with iodine; and this important change, commencing at the surface, progresses towards the centre, until the whole of the starch matter is removed, leaving the starch-membranes often apparently whole, retaining their characteristic markings. ‘The fissured and granular condition of the starch-granules is not due to their trituration in the gizzard, but to the action of the intestinal fluids, since it was often seen in granules enclosed in and protected by perfect starch-cells. In the digestion of raw starch food, a considerable quantity always escapes change, for many starch-cells and granules in the feces periealy retain the characteristic reaction with iodine. 6. As the starch remains unchanged in the stomach, its conver- sion into glucose cannot be attributed to the saliva or gastric juice, unless we suppose these fluids to remain inactive in the stomach, and suddenly to regain their activity in the first part of the small intestine. ‘The author found that the saliva was capable of effecting the conversion of starch into glucose, but that the mixture of saliva and gastric juice in the stomach did not possess that property even after being rendered alkaline by carbonate of soda. It is probable that the converting power of the saliva, as it flows from the mouth, depends not on the true saliva, but on the buccal mucus; for Ma- gendie found that saliva taken from the parotid duct was wholly in- active, while the mixed saliva from the mouth effected the conversion with great facility. Unless, then, the sublingual and submaxilliary glands secrete a different fluid from the parotids, it is evident that the activity of the saliva must be attributed to the buccal mucus. 7. The difference between the digestion of boiled and raw starch in dogs is seen in the experiments on the digestion of boiled wheat- starch, boiled tous les mois, and bread. In all these, some starch- — granules escape the action of heat and water, and remain in nearly their pristine condition. These uncooked starch-granules undergo slow and imperfect changes, being fissured, broken, and more or less altered, but, in general, retaining their characteristic reaction with iodine. 8. The conversion of starch into glucose is not effected by the PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 951 bile, since after ligature of the common bile-duct, the changes occur to as great an extent as when the bile passes freely into the intes- tinal canal. 9. It is not due to the pancreatic juice, inasmuch as after ligature of the bile and pancreatic ducts in the same animal, the digestion of starch is still effected. 10. The only remaining secretion is the intestinal mucus, which is especially abundant at the upper part of the intestinal canal; and a further proof is afforded of the activity of the intestinal mucus taken from the upper part of the duodenum above the entrance of the pancreatic duct after ligature of this duct and the common bile- duct, by its capability of converting a large quantity of fresh-boiled starch into glucose out of the body. 11. In the cooking of starch-containing vegetables, such as pota- toes and peas, the adhesion of the starch-cells is dissolved or weak- ened so as to render them easily separable and amenable to the action of the intestinal fluids. At the same time the starch-granules undergo a large increase in bulk, distend the cells, and by their mutual compression, their outlines present the appearance of gyrate lines beneath the cell-wall. The cells seldom burst so as to emit their contents, or present any appreciable opening through which the intestinal fluids can directly penetrate. The author cannot positively affirm so much of the starch-membranes, because these are so extremely delicate that fissures might be invisible, but he believes that in a great number the membranes remain entire. 12. If this be the case, the conversion of starch matter into glucose must be effected by the permeation or endosmose of the intestinal fluids through the invisible pores of two membranes, in the digestion of the pea, the potato, and other similar foods, and the glucose must escape through the same membranes by exosmose. 13. Before the conversion of starch into glucose, the amylaceous matter contained in the starch is more dense than the intestinal mucus in immediate contact with the cells, and an inward current or endosmose is established; but after that conversion the syrupy fluid is less dense than the mucus, and then an outward current or exosmose occurs, by which the glucose escapes from the cells into the intestine and is absorbed. If this be the case, as the details of the experiments tend strongly to prove, a new and important fune- tion is assigned to the intestinal mucus. 14, In normal digestion, chyme escapes very slowly from the stomach into the duodenum, in small quantities, as it is detached from the alimentary mass by the muscular movements of the stomach, and this gradual propulsion often occupies several hours after a meal. This slow propulsion is evidently intended to expose the commi- nuted food fully to the action of the intestinal juices, and produce an intimate mixture with them. ‘The comparatively empty condi- tion of the upper part of the small intestine, even during active digestion, is thus fully explained, 15. If the food be too finely divided or incapable of a second solidification in the stomach, it passes too rapidly into the first part of the small intestine, is insufficiently mixed with the intestinal 252 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. fluids, and a considerable part escapes digestion. On the other hand, if it enters the small intestine in masses incapable of reduction by the muscular action of the parts or solution in the fluid, it tra- verses the intestinal canal unchanged, except at the surface, which is then alone exposed to the action of the intestinal fluids. ~ 16. It is not necessary for the conversion of starch into glucose that the fluids in the duodenum or other parts of the intestinal canal should be alkaline, or even neutral, for in several of the expe- riments the contents of every part of the alimentary canal had an acid reaction. 17. The greater part of the intestinal mucus is not exeremen- titious, for little, if any, mucus is perceptible in the faeces in normal digestion, except at their surface, whereas the greater proportion of the contents of the small intestine consists of mucus. A consider- able quantity of mucus is seen in the caecum, but it rapidly dimi- nishes in the colon, and is scarcely detectible in the faeces, except that on the surface, which is probably derived from the mucous membrane of the rectum. The author raises the question, whether one of the chief functions of the czecum is not to effect the conver- sion of the intestinal mucus into some other substance capable of re-entering the blood, and performing some ulterior purpose in the animal economy. 18. In normal digestion, the separation of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the intestine is the exception instead of the rule, as stated by some physiologists. The author questions the theory of the detachment of the epithelium of the villi in each act of absorp- tion, on the grounds that the presence of detached epithelium was unfrequent in the whole course of his experiments; that epithelium is readily detached by manipulation; that the continual reproduc- tion of such a vast amount of cell-tissue must necessarily be accom- panied by a vast expenditure of vital force ; and finally, that it is not necessary, because fluids readily penetrate epithelial membranes. 19 The passage of a given food through the whole length of the intestinal canal may occupy a comparatively short time, especially when the animal is fasting. In one experiment, where a pigeon refused food until the feeces contained no visible debris of previous food, starch-granules were detected in the feeces within two hours after a meal, and this although the intestine of this animal is ex- tremely narrow, and about a yard in length. 20. A remarkable circumstance in the digestion of starch or starch foods is the constant presence of myriads of vibriones in the lower part of the intestinal canal. They are generally first observed in the lower part of the small intestine, as minute brilliant points, just visible with a power of 600 diameters, in active move- ment. They increase in numbers towards the cecum, in which a large number of fully-developed vibriones are constantly seen. These minute organisms increase in size and length in the colon and rectum, and their fissiparous mode of propagation, first described by the author in the ‘ Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,’ may be distinctly traced by examining the contents of these por- tions of the intestine. ( 253 ) ZOOPHYTOLOGY. Unoper the above not very scientific term, it is our intention to devote in each number of the Journal one, two, or more plates, as occasion may require, illustrative of new forms belonging to the various classes of animals included under the vague though popularly well understood term of Zoophytes ; or, more particularly, of those among them which from their size are necessarily subjects of microscopic research. These are principally the Hydrozoa or Anthozoa hydroida of Dr. Johnston. The Asteroid and Helianthoid divisions, scarcely requiring the microscope for their determination, are not in- cluded in our design. In this department of the Journal we shall give—1. Figures and descriptions of new or hitherto undescribed species from any part of the world, as they may come under our observa- tion or be furnished to us by others. We should therefore be obliged to those who take an interest in this branch of Zoology to aid us by the communication of such observations, with respect to new forms, as they may be desirous of presenting to the world. 2. Observations on the anatomy and physiology, &c., of the creatures comprised in the scope of our design, illustrated or not. And 3. Notices of new species or original observations published elsewhere. As one very important, if not the most important, object of this undertaking is to assist in the arriving ultimately at some correct notions with respect to the geographical distribution of these creatures—a problem apparently of the most curious kind; it is highly desirable that any localities should be assigned only upon good authority, and, if possible, accom- panied with particulars as to the depth, bottom, and nature of the surface upon which the polypidom or polyzoary grows. Specimens for the purpose of representation, or drawings, will be duly preserved and returned. In the present number we commence with an enumeration of Zoophytes of the two classes of animals above mentioned, collected in the Arctic seas. The majority were brought home by Dr. Sutherland, surgeon to H. M.S. Sophia ; others by Sir E. Belcher, in what may perhaps be the last of Arctic voyages ; and for two specimens we are indebted to our friend, Mr. C. Peach, whose well-known accuracy is a suflicient guarantee for the correctness of the habitat. Even in this limited though interesting collection, it will be seen that several new and remarkable forms are contained, 254 ZOOPHYTOLOGY. and that other wide-spread species, though extending through © the torrid, despise the utmost rigours of the Arctic zone. The arrangement of the Polyzoa, which it is purposed here to adopt, is that according to which the marine Polyzoa are — disposed in the catalogue of those in the British Museum, ~ drawn up by Mr. Busk; the names of already-known species — are those there employed, where also figures of every species, — and the synonymy will be found. Class. POLYZOA. Order I. P. INFUNDIBULATA. Sub-order 1. CHEILOSTOMATA. § 1. Articulata. §§ 2. Bi-multiserialaria. 1. Fam. SALIcORNARIADS. 1. Gen. Salicornaria, Cuv. 1. S. borealis, n. sp. PI. L., fig. 1, 2, 3. Front of cell elongated, slightly contracted below, arched above ; surface and raised margin smooth ; avicularium on the front of the cell near the bottom ; mandible triangular, acute, pointing downwards. Hab. West Greenland, 73° 20' N. 57° 20' W., 6 to 10 fms. Dr. Suther- land. A very distinct and well-marked form. The polyzoary, which is com- posed of club-shaped internodes, varying greatly in size, is irregularly dichotomous, and from one to two inches in height. : Fam. CELLULARIADZE. 2. Gen. Menipea, Lamx. 1. M. arctica, n. sp. Pl. 1., fig. 4, 5, 6. Cells 3—9 in each internode, rhomboidal; aperture oval, contracted below ; a marginal spine on each superiorly ; central cell at a bifurcation mucronate at the summit. Ovicell smooth. Hab. W. Greenland, 73° 20’ N. 57° 20’ W., 6 to 20 fms. Assistance Bay, 74° 50' N. 94° 16’ W., 15 fms. Dr. Sutherland. This species, which at first sight much resembles a Cellularia, differs — from all its congeners with which I am acquainted in the absence of any avicularium on the anterior aspect of the cells. ‘The lateral avicularium is also frequently absent, and fragments thus unfurnished could only be distinguished from the genus Cellularia by the rhomboidal form of the back of the cells, and the absence of the perforations which exist on the back of the cells in all species properly belonging to that genus. Gen. 3. Scrupocellaria. 1. S. serupea? B. M. Cat., p. 24. Pl. XXI., fig. 1, 2. Hab. Arctic sea, Sir E, Belcher. The determination of this form having been made from only a very minute specimen, growing on the inside of a valve of Terebratula psittacea, is not absolutely certain, but I have little doubt of its correctness. § 2. Inarticulata seu continua. §§ 1. Uniserialaria. - Gen. 4. Hippothoa, Lamx. ee 1. H. divaricata, Lamx. B.M. Cat., p. 30. Pl. XVIIL, fig. 3, 4. Hab. Arctic sea, On valve of Jerebratula psittacea. Sir E. Belcher, ZOOPHYTOLOGY. 255 Fam. MEMBRANIPORIDE. Gen. 5. Membranipora, Johnst. 1. M. Sophie, n. sp. PI. I., fig. 7. An avicularium on either side, on the margin of the aperture. Two mar- ginal spines on either side below the avicularia. Hab. Assistance Bay (ut supra). On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. The species to which the present form most nearly approaches are— M. Flemingii, B. M. Cat., p. 58. M. lineata, Linn. M. fallax, Fleming. From the first of these it is distinguished by the position of the avicu- laria and the number and situation of the marginal spines. From the second by the small number of the spines, and the position of the avicu- laria. From the third, about whose distinctness Dr. Johnston, as I think erroneously, appears to have doubts, by the number and situation of the avicularia, and the number and situation of the marginal spines. Of the three it most nearly approaches M. Flemingii, but I entertain no doubt of its distinctness. 2. M. Flemingii. B. M. Cat., p.58. Pl. LXI., fig.2; Pl. LXXXIV., fig. 4, 5,6; Pl. CIV., fig. 2, 3,4 Hab. Arctic sea. Sir E. Belcher. Gen. 6. Lepralia, Johnst. 1. L. hyalina, Linn. B.M.Cat., p.84. Pl. LXXXIL, fig. 1, 2, 3; PO XCYV., 1g. 6,4, 0 3 Pi, Ch, die, 1 2e Hab. Assistance Bay and W. Greenland (ut supra). On fucus. 6 to 20 fms. This species, which is liable to numerous varieties, ranges from the Arctic almost to the Antarctic seas, and abounds in all intermediate lati- tudes. Its longitudinal range appears to be nearly equally extensive. It occurs, for instance, in the Falkland Islands, Darwin ; Cape of Good Hope, Harvey ; California, Dr. Sinclair ; and is common in the seas of Europe. 2. L. scutulata,n. sp. Pl. II., fig. 1, 2. Cells ovate; a scutiform or ovate space on the front, bounded by a raised line, within which the surface is punctate. Mouth rounded above, lower lip straight; a projecting rostrum below the mouth, sometimes absent. Ovicell : Hab. W. Greenland (wt supra). On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. A very peculiar and distinct form. It is remarkable by the circumstance that the cells gradually diminish in size from the centre to the periphery of the patch formed by the polyzoary. Fam. EscHarip2. Gen. 7. Eschara, Ray. 1. E. cervicornis, Ellis and Soland. B.M. Cat. Pl. CIX., fig. 7; Pl. CXIX., fig. 1. Hab. Arctic sea. Sir E. Belcher. The fragments collected, which are of some size, indicate that this species flourishes in full vigour in the Arctic ocean. 2. #. ? n. sp.? Hab. Arctic sea, Sir E. Belcher. This form, the determination of which has not been made as yet with sufficient certainty, appears to be new. The polyzoary is composed of 256 ZOOPHYTOLOGY. slender cylindrical branches. Its description and representation are reserved for a future occasion. Sub-order II. CycLostomaTa. Fam. TUBULIPORIDZE. 1. Gen. Tubulipora, Lamk. 1. T. ventricosa,n. sp. Pl. IL., fig. 3, 4. Polyzoarium sub-erect or recumbent attached by a contracted stem, which rapidly expands above into a hollow calcareous vesicle, from which the tubes project irregularly and of various lengths. Hab. W. Greenland (ut supra). On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. Some of the simple forms of 7. serpens, or flabellaris, might on occasion perhaps be confounded with the present species ; but it nevertheless, from comparison of several specimens, appears to me to be quite distinct. The polyzoary, which, though recumbent, is usually wholly unattached above, is about 1-8th of an inch in length. It arises by a contracted por- tion or stem, which is usually more or less curved or contorted ; and speedily expands into a wide ventricose dilatation, in which the upper tubes are immersed for a considerable part of their length. The tubes project irregularly from all parts of the exposed aspect of the polyzoary, and are themselves smooth or faintly ringed with lines of growth, whilst the surface of the vesicular dilatation, which doubtless corresponds with an ovicell, is finely punctate. When perfect the orifice of the tubes exhibits a tooth-like projection on one or two sides. 2. Gen. Discopora, Fleming. Pl. U1, fig. 1. 1. D. ciliata, n. sp. Orifice of tubes furnished with numerous slender spines. Hab. Assistance Bay and W. Greenland. On fucus. Dr. Sutherland. The figure of this minute species will be given in a subsequent plate. It bears a remote resemblance to Discopora hispida (Tubulipora hispida, Johnst.), but differs in the numerous slender spines with which the orifice of the tubes is furnished. Class. HYDROZOA., Fam, SERTULARIADZ. - Gen. 1. Sertularia, Linn. 1. S. polyzonias? Pi. II, fig. 5, 6. Hab. Greenland. Peach. From the small specimen thus characterized, and which is unfurnished with the ovicell, it would appear that this cosmopolite species extends even into the Arctic circle. It seems to abound in all parts of the world. 2. P. imbricata, n.sp. Pl. IL, fig. 7, 8. Cells sub-opposite, very close, napeolates wide and deeply immersed below ; contracted and free for a short distance above ; margin of mouth slightly raised on each side. Polypidom simply pinnate ; ; pinne sometimes forked, long and drooping. Ovicell ? Hab. Greenland. Peach. I am unable to reconcile this form with any other, and therefore venture to give it the above designation. ~ ( 257.) . ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. On the Structure of the Cutaneous Fotticies of the Toap, with some ExpERIMENTs and OBsERVATIONS upon the NaTURE and alleged Venomous Prorertiss of their SECRETION. By GeorcE Rarney, M.R.CS., Lecturer on Anatomy, &c. &c., St. Thomas’s Hospital. From time immemorial a venomous quality has been attributed to one or other of the secretions of the toad. Scarcely any one who has spent much time in the provinces of. this, and other countries, has failed to hear of instances of supposed poisoning by this reptile: these accounts, however, have always been so vague and imperfectly attested, as to obtain credit only among the uninformed and superstitious classes of the people, so that by enligitened persons the belief in the venomous powers of the Toad has been regarded only as a vulgar prejudice. Such were the doubts and opinions entertained upon this subject as late as 1851, when they were said to be set at rest, and the poisonous nature of the cutaneous secretion of the toad de- monstrated by two French philosophers, MM. Gratiolet and S. Cloez, who, by inoculating various animals with the secre- tion in question, produced, according to the account given of these experiments, most decided results, and, in some in- stances, almost immediate death. The experiments performed by these gentlemen were de- scribed in many of the periodicals of this country. The following are recorded in the ‘ Zoologist’ for November 1852 : *‘The first experiment was prosecuted on a little African tortoise, which was inoculated with some of the toad-poison in one of the hinder feet ; paralysis of the limb supervened, and still existed at the expiration of eight months, thus demon- strating the possibility of local poisoning by the agent. In order to demonstrate whether the poisonous material spoiled by keeping, these two gentlemen procured about twenty-nine grains of the poison on the 25th of April, 1851, and having placed it aside until the 16th of March, 1852, they inoculated a goldfinch with a little of this material; the bird almost immediately died. Subsequently the investigators sueceeded in eliminating the poisonous principle from the inert matters with which it is associated in the skin-pustules, and they found that when thus purified, its effects are greatly more intense than before.” Although the only way to investigate VOL, III. s 258 RAINEY, ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE this subject so as to lead to the decision of this long-contro- verted question, is to. repeat the experiments of these investi- gators under, as nearly as possible, the same circumstances as those under which they were performed, and note carefully the results, still there are some objections to the conclusions to which they seem to haye arrived, which deserve to be noticed. With respect to the first experiment, as an isolated example, it, in my opinion, proves nothing positive, nor can it have any weight, unless a similar effect can be produced upon the same species of animal whenever the secretion is applied in sufficient quantities. The alleged facts of this secretion being, as it were, only a diluted kind of venom, and containing a poison separable by chemical reagents, seem at variance with the nature of organic animal venoms generally, such as that of the Viper, the Bee, &c., which, in their natural state, are sufficiently concentrated to produce the most unequi- vocal effects as animal poisons. Besides, organic poisons. of this kind are most probably so easily decomposed, that the chemical means employed to isolate their poisonous principle, could scarcely fail to destroy its specific properties. But before describing the experiments which I have performed with the secretion of the toad’s skin, with a view to test the accuracy ef the above statements, [ will give an account of the structure of the follicles by which it is secreted, this being the especial object of this communication, as I am not aware that these organs have ever been described. ‘These bodies (Plate XI, figs. 1 and 2) exist in the form of vascular sacks, of various sizes, but largest about the sides of the head and back; they are situated in the very substance of the skin of this reptile ; the vessels supplying them are altogether distinct from the capillary network on the surface of the skin, and have an especial arrangement and form of distribution by which their presence can be recognized. These follicles, though sufficiently characteristic, are difficult of demonstra- tion, in consequence of being seen with perfect distinctness only in the skin of the Toad when injected with colouring matter and dried, and afterwards rendered transparent by im- mersion in turpentine or Canada balsam. This difficulty proceeds from the opacity of the portion of skin situated behind the follicle, preventing, whilst it is wet, the deep part of the follicle from being seen, whilst the cutaneous capillary network conceals the part of it nearest the surface. They are of a globular form when distended, but somewhat flask-shaped when empty (fig. 2). They range from 1-50th to 1-16th of an inch in diameter. About the centre of the cutaneous sur- face of each follicle there is an opening by which its eavity CUTANEOUS FOLLICLES OF THE TOAD. 259 communicates with the skin: this opening is small, compared with the size of the follicle, in the collapsed state of which it is partially closed, in consequence of the approximation of the folds of the internal membrane. This membrane, especially in the larger follicles, is seen in a horizontal section to be folded upon itself in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the skin (figs. 3 and 4), so as to present a number of imperfect septa projecting from the circumference of the follicle towards the centre, with lateral depressions, or saculi, between them. The whole of the internal surface of this membrane is lined with epithelium, consisting of delicate, lozenge-shaped, very flat cells (fig. 5), connected together by their edges, but pre- senting each a very sharp and well-defined margin, and one large nucleus. The nucleus contains minute granules, which, as the cells degenerate into a state of decay, can be seen to in- crease in size and distinctness, and ultimately to become broken up into the minute oily-looking granules (fig. 1), of which the secretion of the follicles is chiefly made up. The vessels of these follicles consist of capillaries of a larger size than those forming the plexus on the surface of the skin, and with much smaller areole; they do not follow accurately the folds of membrane projecting into the cavity of the follicles, but simply pass over, and on the outer side of these folds, so as to encircle the entire sack with a single layer of capillaries. The afferent and efferent blood-vessels of this plexus are connected with its deep surface, which, being generally only two in number, an artery and a vein, and give to the follicles, when minutely injected, very much the appearance of a Malpighian body highly magnified. These follicles are entirely surrounded with the white fibrous tissue of which the skin is composed, excepting where they open on the surface. These fibres are disposed in two planes, one parallel with the surface, the other perpendicular to it; the former are by far the most numerous, and constitute the chief thickness of the skin; the latter are comparatively few, and only partially distributed, being collected into bands placed at nearly equal distances apart, which, extending through the entire thickness of the skin, from its deep to its superficial surface, draw, as it were, the fibres of the first set in these situations more firmly together; and thus producing a closer approximation of the fibres, and a corresponding diminution in the thickness of the skin at these parts, they cause the horizontal cellular fibres to take an undulating course. Between the part of the true skin just described, and its epidermic surface, and immediately beneath the cutaneous capillaries, there is a layer of earthy matter, varying in thick- s 2 260 RAINEY, ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE ness in different parts of the animal, but present, I believe, in all.. This part of the dermis is composed of irregularly- shaped masses of a semitransparent and highlv-refractive material (fig. 4), looking like broken fragments of crystal or glass, lodged in cellular depressions of the true skin. Where the secreting follicles are situated, this earthy matter is placed superficial to them, so that their openings have to penetrate a layer of earthy substance, in order to reach the surface of the dermis. This part of the skin, when acted upon by acids, under the microscope is seen to effervesce briskly, and after all the earthy material is dissolved out, a membranous or animal basis is left. Probably this part of the skin in the Toad is analogous to the scaly covering of the Chelonian reptiles. According to Dr. Davy’s analysis of the skin of the toad, it contains phosphate and carbonate of lime, and carbonate of magnesia. No organs like those which I have described as the cutaneous follicles of the Toad, exist in the integument of the Frog or Water-newt. In these reptiles the skin is much more simple, and all the vessels supplying it go into the com- mon superficial plexus of the dermis. I have not examined the skins of those lizards whose habits resemble those of the toad, for the purpose of determining whether the same kind of follicles exist also in them. . With respect to the chemical and physical properties of the secretion of the Toad’s skin, Dr. Davy observes, in a paper contained in the ‘ Philosophical Transactions,’ for 1826, that the greater part of it is soluble both in alcohol and in water ; that the substance obtained by evaporation, both of the aqueous and alcoholic solution, is slightly yellow, and has a faint and peculiar smell; that when heated it readily melts, and burns with a bright flame, but without emitting an am- moniacal odour; also that the secretion is slightly bitter, and very acrid, acting on the tongue like the extract of aconite, and even occasioning a smarting sensation when applied to the skin of the hand, which lasted for two or three hours ; that it does not affect the colour of litmus, or tur- meric paper. This secretion, though possessed of these decidedly acrid properties, even in a much greater degree than the poison of the most venomous snakes, was not found by Dr. Davy to produce any injurious effects when applied to a wound ona Chicken, made with a lancet dipped in it; and. hence it seems to be endowed merely with irritating qualities, and not to possess the venomous properties attributed to it by the French investigators. . The experiments which I have performed upon living ani- mals with this secretion, have in no instance agreed in their CUTANEOUS FOLLICLES OF THE TOAD. 261 results with those recorded by Gratiolet and Cloez. I ap- plied some of the fresh secretion to a recent wound on the ear of a Kitten, but it produced no sensible effect. I also inocu- lated Toads both with their own secretion, and that taken from other toads, but it did not affect them. White mice were inoculated with it in various ways, but they sustained no apparent injury. In order to secure the perfect contact of the secretion with the wounded surface, I immersed a piece of thread in the fresh fluid of a follicle, and passed it through the skin of a Mouse in the manner of a seton, where it re- mained for several days, but without producing any perceptible harm to the little animal, It is remarkable that such differ- ent results should be obtained from the same description of experiments, and it is very difficult to reconcile these dis- crepancies. It is true that the single example which Dr. Davy has recorded, and those which I have mentioned, are on the negative side of the question, and therefore cannot be looked ujjon as so conclusive as those on the positive side. However, I think these experiments are sufficient to throw considerable doubt upon the accuracy of the conclusions of the French investigators, and to bring the question into the same state of uncertainty that it was before their observations were published, where it must remain until these authors shall be able so to conduct their experiments, as at all times to pro- duce the effects they have described, or, in case of failure, to give a satisfactory explanation of its cause. There is one consideration which, as mere circumstantial evidence, may be mentioned in opposition to the view of the intensely-venomous power of the secretion of the Toad’s skin, and that is its gene- ral diffusion over a large part of the body, whilst in all those animals which are decidedly provided with a specific venom, and not a mere irritant, the frightful apparatus which produces and applies it, is well known to occupy only a very confined locality. From what has been stated it appears, then, that though the specific character of the secretion in question, as a venom, is very questionable, yet that it certainly does possess an i1TI- tating quality, as was apparent from its action when applied to the skin, and more especially to the tongue; hence Dr. Davy thinks that’ its principal use is to defend the reptile against the attacks of carnivorous animals. The extremely dense structure of its dermis, approaching in its composition to that of bone, is, I think, somewhat in favour of this opi- nion, as affording also, more or less, a means of protection and defence. Dr. Davy also considers that, as the secretion contains an inflammable substance, it may serve to carry off a 262 CUTANEOUS FOLLICLES OF THE TOAD. portion of carbon from the blood, and thus be auxiliary to the function of the lungs. In support of this idea the same author observes that each of the pulmonary arteries of the Toad divides into two branches, one.of which goes to the lungs, the other to the cutis, ramifying most abundantly where the largest follicles are situated, and where there is a large venous plexus, seeming to indicate that the subcutaneous distribution of the second branch of the pulmonary artery may further aid the office of the lungs by bringing the blood to the surface to be acted upon by the air. However, it seems to me that if these follicles aid at all the lungs, it can only be by elimi- nating carbon set free in other organs of the body, and then conveyed into the blood, from whence they afterwards ex- crete it; as the deep position of their capillaries, and the secretion with which they are always more or less thickly covered, will make them imaccessible to the atmospheric air, and therefore, in this respect, render them altogether different from the cutaneous capillaries which are placed su- perficial to the earthy layer of the dermis, and in which the blood is perhaps acted upon, as above intimated. But I cannot help thinking otherwise than that these follicles have something to do with the absorption, and more especially with the retention, of the fluid which, in this class of reptiles, is taken into the system by the skin. In the Frogs there is a superficial plexus of capillaries the same as in the Toads, by which the absorption of the fluid in contact with the surface, can take place equally in either case; but in the former ani- mal there are no cutaneous organs which could in any manner aid in the retention of that fluid, so that this reptile requires more frequently than the toad a fresh application of moisture to its surface; and besides, if the Frog be exposed to the absorbent power of dry mould, as the Toad frequently is, the greater part of the fluid contained in its vessels will imme- diately pass off through the skin into the dry earth in conse- quence of its greater capillary attraction, and the animal will very soon die from a kind of inanition, This fact I have verified by placing fine dry sand in contact with the skin of Frogs, which so rapidly absorbs their moisture that they die in a few minutes. ‘The contents, also, of the follicles of the toad, mixing with the dust and other extraneous substances constantly in contact with its skin, especially as this secretion is of a very glutinous nature, and has a tendency to coagulate when wetted, may possibly form a coating on its external sur- face, and thus tend to diminish evaporation ; and in this way it may assist in retaining the fluids absorbed into the body, and in preventing its desiccation, and thus furnish another REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF FUNGI. 263 means of adapting this animal to the physical and physio- logical states and conditions under which it is constrained to live, and to perform its part in the accomplishment of that one universal and wise purpose for which this much-despised rep- tile, in conjunction with all other living beings, was designed and created. On the Repropuctive Oreans of certain Funai. By Frepe- RIcK Currey, Esq., M.A. Tue existence of sexual organs in the lower orders of plants is a question which of late years has attracted much attention amongst botanists, and it is one upon which the powers of the microscope have been brought to bear with the happiest results. The investigation has already been carried sufficiently far to show that many of the plants hitherto ranked in the Order of the Cryptogamia can with difficulty be denied the right of being considered phanerogamic ; and there seems good reason to hope that before many years have elapsed, the term crypto- gamic will have ceased to be applicable to any portion of the vegetable world. It is hardly too much to assert that sexuality is already established in the Fucacee and Characee amongst the Thal- logens, and in the Liverworts, Scale-mosses, Urn-mosses, Club-mosses, Horse-tails, and Ferns amongst the Acrogens, although there are not wanting botanists of eminence who either deny the fact, or, at least, admit it only with the doubts of an imperfect faith. In Lichens, M. Tulasne has demonstrated the existence of certain organs to which he has given the name of syermogonia. These spermogonia are the small black specks seen on the shields of Lichens, and are small conceptacles, or cases, con- taining a prodigious quantity of minute spore-like processes, to which the name of spermatia has been given. The sper- matia are very minute linear bodies, sometimes curved and en- dowed with molecular movement. They are produced either upon the apices of the cellules which form the walls of the sper- mogonium, or sometimes laterally from moniliform filaments or other processes which line the cavity of the spermogonium. The functions of the spermatia are as yet unascertained, although from their universal presence, and the circumstance of their appearance prior to the perfect, or the casporous fructification, it is suspected that they may eventually prove to be the male organs of that class of plants. 264 CURREY, ON THE REPRODUCTIVE Thére are many Fungi in which bodies analogous to the spermogonia and spermatia of Lichens are found to exist, and as far as present observation has extended, these bodies are found to precede the formation of the perfect spores. The genus 2cidium is very favourable for an examination of these organs. The spermogonia occur in spring upon these parts of the plants upon which perfect 4£cidia are afterwards found ; they are in the form of minute punctiform specks, covering the pale or red spots upon which the £cidia are at a later period produced. A microscopical examination of these specks shows them to be globular bodies, open at the top, having their walls composed of densely-mterwoven threads originating from the mycelium, and containing in their interior other threads converging towards the centre of the spermogonium, and bearing spermatia at their apices. The spermatia are produced in great abundance, and form a granular mass, filling the hollow of the spermogonium. The upper threads of the walls (namely, those which are situated next to the apicular opening of the spermogonium) are some- what more upright than the others, and are directed towards the epidermis of the surface of the leaf; and by the growth of these upper threads and the increase of the granular mass of spermatia, the spermogonium increases in size, raises, and eventually breaks through the epidermis, the outermost threads forming a small red funnel-shaped tuft, through which the spermatia eventually escape, and are dispersed around the spermogonium. After the ripening of the sper- mogonia, the perithecia of the true Acidia are formed on the same mycelium, and the spermogonia then decay. Spermogonia, such as those just described, are not confined to the genus Aicidium ; they are common to other genera in the tribe of the Uredineew, occurring in Ceoma, Restelia, Peridermium, Phragmidium, Triphragmium, and Puccinia. In Cystopus, Melampsora, Coleosporium, and Uromyces, they have not as yet been ascertained to exist. Nor are spermo- gonia peculiar to the tribe of the Uredinee ; they occur with certain, but not essential differences of structure, in many other Fungi. It Las been shown by the observations of Fries, - Tulasne, and other mycologists, that several sorts of Fungi, long supposed to form distinct genera, are, in fact, only early states of other well-known plants: thus the genera Septoria, Cytispora, Nemaspora, Hendersonia, and others, are now con- sidered to be the spermogonia of species of Spheria ; Melas- mia is supposed to be the spermatiferous state of Rhytisma ; Leptostroma probably of Hysterium, Phacidium, ete... . In a paper published in the ‘ Annales des Sciences’ for ORGANS OF CERTAIN FUNGI. 265 1853, M. Tulasne has given a description of a considerable number of Fungi belonging to the order of the Discomycetes, in which he has observed spermatia; and he states that he has also discovered them in several of the Pyrenomycetes. The details of his observations on the latter tribe have not, as far as | am aware, been yet made public, although referred to in a paper in the 15th volume of the 3rd series of the ‘Annales des Sciences.’ I have already stated that the functions of the spermatia of Lichens are not yet ascertained ; and as in the vast family of the Fungi there are as yet comparatively few species in which these organs have been certainly observed, it is obyious that we are not yet in a position to hazard an opinion as to the office which they fulfil in the latter tribe. All mycologists will, | am sure, agree with M. Tulasne, who has remarked that the present aim of observers should be to ascertain whether spermatia exist in a sufficient number of species to consider them constant or common to all. The subject of their action, supposing them to be male organs, might be afterwards considered. Whilst the observer is occupied in sa wedi betta the nature of the spermatia, he will naturally and necessarily be led into an inquiry into the nature of two kinds of reproductive organs distinct from the spermatia, and which are called stylospores and conidia. 1 It has been found that in some ascigerous Fungi, that is, Fungi in which the normal fructification consists of spores contained in asci or thecwe, there are produced other naked spores which are borne upon pedicels of greater or less length, and it is these naked spores to which the name of stylospores has been given. The cellules or pedicels upon which the stylospores are borne, are analogous to the basidia of the Agaricini: they are sometimes enclosed in a concep- tacle, or case, which is called a Pycnidium. Size and complexity of structure generally distinguish the stylospores from the spermatia; but there is no very definite line of demarcation, so far as regards structure, between sper- matia and small simple stylospores. The term conidia was applied by Fries to all reproductive bodies not being normal spores. Tulasne restricts it to Gemme@ properly so called, that is to say, reproductive cellules growing directly from the my- celium. I will now proceed to state the result of some observations with which I have lately been occupied, bearing upou tle matters above alluded to. 266 CURREY, ON THE REPRODUCTIVE 1. Spheria herbarum Pers——This very common but beau- tiful Spheria is to be found abundantly in spring in the form of small black specks upon the dead stems of herbaceous plants. About the beginning of March in the present year, I observed that the dead stems of some plants of Senecio Jacobea were covered with a Fungus, the perithecia of which formed minute black spots so small as not to be visible with- out close inspection. In Plate XIL., fig. 1, one of these peri- thecia is represented with its mycelium magnified 110 dia- meters, aud fig. 2 represents a transverse section of a similar perithecium, the interior being filled with small spore-like bodies proceeding from the somewhat-pointed cells which lined the cavity of the perithecium. According to the prin- ciples of classification hitherto adopted, the plants would have belonged to the genus Spheropsis ; but being desirous of ascertaining whether it might not in fact be only an early state of some other Fungus, I placed some pieces of the dead stems upon damp Sphagnum moss, and covered them with a bell-glass. In about a fortnight I found the under surface of the stems (7. e., that part of them which had lain in contact with the damp moss) covered with a crop of small black Spherie. ‘There was, therefore, some reason for supposing that the Spheropsis was only a predecessor of the Spherie ; but as there were three, if not four, different species* of the latter, it would have been impossible to determine to which of them the Spheropsis belonged, had it not been for the form of the mycelium. In examining the Spheropsis, 1 had particu- larly observed its mycelium, which was unusually large com- pared with the size of the perithecium, and had moreover the peculiar knotty appearance shown in figs. 1 and 2. Upon comparing this mycelium with that of Spheria herbarum, the two appeared identical; and as the same mycelium was not to be seen in connection with the other Spheria, it seems fair to conclude that the supposed Sph@ropsis was the sper- mogonium of Spheria herbarum. The question then arises whether the spermogonium in this case be a distinct organ on the same mycelium, or whether the same perithecium pro- duces in the first instance the spermatia, and subsequently the perfect fructification, that is, asci containing sporidia, In the icidia, as we have seen, the spermogonia are quite * The species appeared to be the following :—Spheria eomata, capil- lata, herbarum, and complanata. I doubt if the two former are distinet ; I found the sporidia precisely alike, and the only difference was in the colour of the hairs on the perithecia, which were black, or nearly so, in S. comata, and greenish in S. capillata. The difference in the colour of the hairs would hardly justify a separation of the species. ORGANS OF CERTAIN FUNGI. 267 distinct from the true A‘cidineous perithecia; but there are some discomycetous Fungi, for instance, Peziza benesuada, Cenangium Frangule, and Dermatea carpinea, in which the spermatia and the perfect fructification occur in the same part of the plant. From what will be stated hereafter, with regard to Spheria complanata, it would seem that in the latter plant the same perithecium produces spermatia and asci suc- cessively ; and if it be allowable to assume a law for the genus from what occurs in one species, it would follow that the spermogonium in Spheria herbarum is not distinct from the true perithecium. It will be proper here to mention certain other reproductive bodies which I have observed in Spheria herbarum ; they are somewhat irregular in colour, shape, and size, and grow directly from the mycelium. In colour they differ much amongst one another, varying from a dull brown to the bright yellow of the normal sporidia. In fig. 3 several of these bodies are represented ; some of the larger of them strongly resemble the spores of a Stemphylium or Sporidesmium, and others again are hardly distinguishable from the regular sporidia of Sphe- ria herbarum. These bodies come under M. Tulasne’s defini- tion of conidia, being gemmz or buds proceeding directly from the mycelium. Those represented in fig. 3 occurred in company with full- grown, ripe perithecia ; but their growth commences at a very early period, and contemporaneously, or nearly so, with the appearance of certain other bodies, which may also, perhaps, have to be ranked amongst the varieties of fruit of Spheria herbarum; these last-mentioned bodies are globular vesicles, which proceed from the end of short branches of the myce- lium in its earliest stage. The sporidia of Spheria herbarum appear to have a great facility of germination, throwing out filaments from several different partitions of the sporidia, On the 2nd of May in the present year, I had placed a section of a perithecium upon a slide under a piece of thin glass, for examination in the usual way, and the fruit being particularly fine, I put the slide upon damp moss under a bell-glass, with the view of keeping the object moist until a drawing could be made. The weather was very unfavourable for germination, for the long-prevalent east wind was on that day more than ordinarily harsh and cutting, and Fahrenheit’s thermometer fell at night to 26° ; moreover the room in which the slide was kept had a northern aspect, no fire, and the character of being at all times cold. Notwithstanding these circumstances I found, upon examining the slide the next morning (May 3), that the ‘sporidia had ger- 268 CURREY, ON THE REPRODUCTIVE minated in the greatest abundance; and not only had the free sporidia—those which had escaped from their asci—thus. sprouted, but those which were still enclosed had also sent forth their germ-filaments, which had penetrated the mem- brane of the asci in all directions. In fig. 4, I have represented one of the asci in which nearly all the sporidia have begun to grow, and other asci in the neighbourhood were even more densely covered with filaments than the one shown in fig. 4. On the following morning (May 4) the germ-filaments had reached a considerable length, and had become branched and indistinctly septate in several places (see figs. 5 and 6), as indeed was the case on the pre- vious day with some of the more advanced shoots. At one point the germ-filament had protruded short branches at right angles to the main filament on either side (see fig. 5), and at the end of each of these short branches was seated one of the globular vesicles above mentioned. The nature of these vesicles is uncertain; but it is not improbable they may be homologous to what have hitherto been called the spores of Tubercularia vulgaris, this latter plant being now considered to be nothing more than the mycelium of a Spheria (S. cinna- barina), and the so-called spores to be, in fact, only conidia of that Spheria. I haveas yet only seen these globular vesicles in the two instances shown in fig. 5, but I have observed other branches of the mycelium which became rounded at the apex, and in which a nucleus was formed. After the formation of the nucleus a fresh germ was thrown out (see fig. 7). Some- thing similar to this has been observed by M. Tulasne in the Uredinee, in which the germ-filament has become inflated, and then thrown out a fresh shoot.* In fig. 8 is represented a cellular body, which was attached to the mycelium by a delicate stalk, the stalk itself being attached to the side of the body. ‘There seems no reason to doubt that this body, differing as it does from some of those shown in fig. 3, only in being of a much paler colour, repre- sentsa young state of one of those organisms. | first observed it about nine days after the commencement of germination, at which time also the germ-filaments had in places begun to form a network by a kind of conjugation, which had “taken place between the germ-filaments proceeding from different sporidia. It follows from what has been said, that if we consider the spermatia as reproductive bodies, in the proper sense of the word, as it is applied to seeds or spores, 7. e., as fruit, then Spheria herbarum has four distinct sets of reproductive organs. * See vol. ii. of the ‘ Annales des Sciences’ for 1854. ORGANS OF CERTAIN FUNGI. 269 If, on the other hand, the function of the spermatia is not re- p -oductive but sexual, or impregnative, we still have three dis- tinct forms of fruit, viz., the sporidia contained in the asci (see fig. 9),* and the |.two,iforms. of; conidia (figs. 3 and 5), which grow directly from the mycelium. 2. Spheria? complanata, Tode.t This Spheria is as -com- mon as the preceding one, growing abundantly in spring upon the dead stems of umbelliferous plants. The spermogonia, or rather spermatiferous perithecia, are shaped like a dome, with a pointed conical ostiolum. They are distinguishable from the ascigerous perithecia by their full, rounded appearance, the latter being depressed or collapsed, affaissé, as the French say. It would hardly be possible in this case to prove directly that the spermogonia and perithecia proceed from the same mycelium. In the Acidia, which grow upon the soft parts of plants, it is possible by maceration and careful dissection to obtain ocular demonstration of the occurrence of the sper- mogonia and perithecia upon the same mycelium; but this cannot be effected with the hard, dead stems of Umbellifers, and the proof of the connexion between the spermogonia and perithecia must therefore be sought for in other evidence. Now I found both in the spermatiferous and. ascigerous perithecia some peculiar-shaped organisms, the nature of which I am at a loss to conjecture. These bodies consist of a stem, crowned by three cellular, sometimes septate, prolonga- inne, with a seta on either side, One of them is represented at fig. 11, which will give a better idea of them than any written description. But irrespective of these curious pro- cesses which, occurring as they do in both the spermatiferous and ascigerous perithecia, seem to point to a connexion between the latter, I found in one instance the spermatia and asci, contained in the same perithecium, a direct proof that * The asci and sporidia of Spheeria herbarum vary much in size. In fig. 9 are represented two extremes. In the one the ascus is short and broad, and the sporidia fill the whole of it. In the other the ascus is much. elongated, and the sporidia, which are smaller, are collected at the upper end ‘of the ascus. I find the latter form the most frequent. ¢ Iam doubtful whether I have named this Spheria rightly. I find two plants, in which the perithecia are precisely alike, both answering the description of Spheria complanata, but the sporidia are widely different. In fig. 10 I have represented an ascus, with sporidia, of the plant to which the above observations relate. The asci of the other Spheeriu are narrower, and the sporidia are curved, acuminate at each end, triseptate, with a swelling at the second joint. The description of the sporidia of S. compla- nata, given in the Annals of Natural History under S. modesta, does not accord with that in the English Flora, where the sporidia are said to be oblong-elliptic. 270 CURREY, ON THE REPRODUCTIVE both of these latter bodies are the produce of the same con- ceptacle or case. Can it be that the cellular processes above mentioned (such of them at least as are not septate) are young asci, to be fertilized by the action of the spermatia? This is a mere speculation, but it is not an impossibility. The spermatia of S. complanata are elliptical, about 1-4300th of an inch long, with an indistinct sporidiolum at each end. 3. Spheria sinopica; Fries, Elenchus Fungorum, vol. it, p- 81. This Spheria, one of the Cespitose, grows in tufts upon a stroma which is not always perceptible, and which Fries considers to be identical with Tubercularia sarmentorum. If this be so, the spores of this latter fungus must be looked upon as the conidia of the Spheria, in the same manner as the spores of Tubercularia vulgaris are considered to be the conidia of Spheria cinnabarina. The sporidia of Spheria sinopica are elliptical, uniseptate, and slightly constricted at the septum. They frequently have a sporidiolum in each partition. Besides these normal sporidia, I have found in many plants of S. sinopica an immense mass of minute bodies, which I do not hesitate to consider as spermatia. These bodies are excessively minute, elliptical or sub-cylin- drical, many of them not exceeding 1-6500th of an inch in length, and endowed with molecular motion. In most of the plants which I examined, these spermatia occurred in conjunc- tion with the regular sporidia, but some specimens contained spermatia alone. In these latter specimens the perithecia were rather of a pyriform shape, not depressed as is the case with the perfect perithecia of S. sinopica. This fact is precisely analogous to what occurs in S. complanata, where the per- fect perithecia are, as we have seen, flattened or collapsed, whilst the spermogonia are swollen and shaped like a dome. The spermatia of S. s¢nopica appear to be born upon fine, simple, densely-crowded filaments, which line the cavity of the spermatiferous perithecia. This Spheria, it will be seen, affords another instance, in which it is clear that what might be called the spermogonium is, in fact, the true thecasporous perithecium of which the spermatia are the primary produce, and the asci and sporidia a subsequent fructification, whether produced or not by the fertilizing influence of the spermatia time will probably show.* * In the ‘ Annals of Natural History’ for June, 1854, Messrs. Berkeley and Broome have described, as a new species, a Spheria to which they have given the name of Spheria (Nectria) inawrata. It is stated to have been found near Bath by Mr. Broome, and at Shooter’s Hill by myself ; but there has been some mistake. ‘The Spheeria on holly which 1 found at Shooter’s Hill, and of which I sent specimens to Mr. Berkeley, is certainly Spheeria sinopica ; at least the plants which I retained have not ORGANS OF CERTAIN FUNGI. 271 4. Spheria Cryptosporii, n. s.—This species has not, as far as I am aware, been hitherto described, and may be thus characterized. Obtectz; Peritheciis sparsis vel aggregatis globosis aut sub-globosis, collo elongato corticem perforantibus; nucleo albido ; ascis late obovatis, sporidiis simplicibus linearibus, utriusque obtusis plus minus arcuatis circiter ‘00036 uncize longis. I believe this Spheria to be the perfect state of Cryp- tosporium vulgare, on the evidence of the following facts. In April of this year I placed in damp moss some twigs of alder upon which Cryptosporium vulgare was growing; in about a month afterwards the long black ostiola of the above Spheria had protruded themselves through the bark. Upon examining the fructification under the microscope, the resemblance of the sporidia of the Spheria to some of the naked spores of Cryptosporium vulgare (viz. those which were least strongly curved) was so striking that a possible connexion between the Spheria and the Cryptosporium naturally suggested itself. Some of the perithecia, which were in a young state, con- tained an immense quantity of oily matter, and small granules in a state of active motion, some densely interwoven threads attached to the walls, and a very few sporidia resembling those of Cryptosporium vulgare, and which had probably formed the terminal joints of the threads just mentioned. In another of these young perithecia I observed the terminal joint of two of the threads, which had assumed the shape shown in fig. 12 (4, c). One of them contained a moniliform row of oil globules, and was evidently the earliest state of other young asci, fig. 12 (a), which occurred in the same perithecium. Jn the more advanced plants the perithecia con- tained perfect asci, which, with one of the escaped sporidia, are shown at fig. 13 (a, 6). Even when the asci within the perithecia were still young, or at least not fully ripe, the ostiola were surrounded with a milky substance ejected from the perithecia, which consisted principally of free sporidia, the dimorphous ascigerous fructification, they have no tails to the sporidia, and differ in no respect from Spheria sinopica. From the description of Spheria inaurata it seems to be identical in its external characteristics with Spheria sinopica, but the fructification of the former is very peculiar, It consists of two sets of asci differing in form, and containing different sporidia; the larger asci are clavate, and contain small curved sporidia not exceeding *00015th of an inch; the smaller, cylindrical asci, contain eight elliptic uniseptate sporidia -0005—-0006th of an inch long, fur- nished with a tail at either end in the form of a delicate hyaline appendage. The two sorts of asci are figured in the ‘ Gardeners’ Chronicle’ of the 22nd July, 1854, where a full description of the plant will be found, 272 CURREY, ON THE REPRODUCTIVE with an occasional ascus intermixed. Again, upon taking a section of one of the plants of Cryptosportum vulgare which occurred upon the same twig, I found a very few asci, iden- tical with those of the Spheria, intermixed with the naked spores of the Cryptosporium. One of these asci, which is in a very early stage, is shown, fig. 13(c). The membrane was of extreme tenuity, and in the middle was a linear mass of granular protoplasm, partly divided in a longitudinal direction by a dark line, which, however, did not traverse the whole length of the granular matter. Another of the asci, fig. 13 (d), contained a much larger quantity of granular matter, still apparently in one mass, but deeply marked and furrowed. There can be no doubt that in the two asci just mentioned the sporidia were in process of formation, and that the lines and furrows pointed to the directions in which the granular mass was eventually to become separated, so as to form the eight perfect sporidia. The above observations would be conclusive as to the iden- tity of the Spheria and the Crytosporium, were it not for the possibility that the sporidia, forming the milky mass around the ostiola, might have been contained in asci which had been dissolved within the perithecium, although from the young state of the included asci this is not probable ; and in the case of the section of the Cryptosporium, inasmuch as I did not see the asci in situ, it is possible that the few which occurred might have been adhering to the scalpel or brush used in a previous examination, although I have no reason for supposing that such was the case. I think it will be admitted that the above facts afford strong evidence to show that Cryptosporium vulgare and Spheria Cryptosporii are states of one and the same plant. It is difficult to suppose that the former is the young state of the latter; it would rather seem that the same conceptacle has the faculty of producing both naked spores and asci, and that it depends upon circumstances, possibly atmospheric, whether the one or the other be produced. It seems to me not improbable that the spores of the Cryptosporium may in some instances be converted into the asci of the Spheria. I have seen what seemed to be a common spore of the Cryptosporium, but which had a very delicate hyaline investment, and the bodies shown in fig. 13 (c) and (d) may be only more advanced steps in the process of conversion. Some objection might be raised to this view on account of the shape of the Cryptosporium spores, most of which are strongly curved and acuminate at either end, but on the other hand the spores vary greatly in size and shape, and some occur plentifully, which are quite undistinguishable * ORGANS OF CERTAIN FUNGI. 273 from: the sporidia of the Spheria, see fig. 13 (6, f); the former of which represents a sporidium of the Spheria, the latter a spore of the Cryptosporium.* Cryptosporium vulgare is a plant not unfrequently found upon beech and alder twigs, and I much hope that some reader of this paper will repeat the above observations, which may be done without difficulty or trouble. The simplest plan for keeping the bed of moss in a proper state is to fill a com- mon flowerpot about one-third full of crocks for drainage, and to fill the rest of the pot with damp (not wet) sphagnum moss ; the moss should be kept damp by occasionally putting water into the pan in which the pot stands, and not by pouring it over the top of the moss; the pot should be kept covered with a bell-glass. Many a fungus may be grown in this manner which would not have a chance of coming to maturity in such cold dry weather as we have had this spring. By a similar process I ripened two large plants of Reticularia maxima, which were brought to me in the early stage, of a cream-coloured mucilage.t I think it worth while to mention as a somewhat singular circumstance, that on the same alder twigs upon which S. Cryptosporii was produced, there occurred another Spheria, the perithecium of which was so amalgamated as it were with the perithecium, or stratum proliferum, of the Cryptosporium, as to be hardly, if at all, distinguishable from it. The spo- ridia of this latter Spheria were quite different from those of S. Cryptosporii, being broadly elliptic and indistinctly triseptate, I think occasionally quadri-septate. One of the asci of this Spheria is represented at fig. 14. There are several other fungi which have afforded me materials for interesting observations, bearing upon the ques- tions to which this paper relates. It would, however, take too much time and space to discuss them now, but they may I hope form the subject of a future communication. * TJ had found Spheria Cryptosporii on one previous occasion in the course of last autumn. It was then unaccompanied by the Cryptosporium. Iam unable to determine the wood upon which it occurred, having only one small fraczment. + These plants of Reticularia iaxima took nearly three days to come to perfection. The length of time was probably much greater than it would have been in their natural state. eticularia atra passes through all its phases in about eight or ten hours. VOL, IIT. J ty 274 BRANSON, ON CILIARY ACTION. On Crrtary Action as the cause of the Crrcutation in the Cetts of Puants.. By Fereuson Branson, M.D., Sheffield. Tue cause of the circulation of the granules of chlorophyll in the cells of certain plants has hitherto been involved in mystery. I have spent many hours in examining the cireula- tion in the cells of the Anacharis alsinastrum, the new water- weed ; and in October, 1854, I first observed a distinct ciliary wave at the edge of the outermost cells. Repeated examina- tions have satisfied me that the rotatory movements depend upon cilia attached to the inner surface of the cell-wall. The cilia are extremely minute, and require the highest powers of the microscope, combined with very “ happy” illumination, to display their waving motion. The ciliary wave can only be seen under very good daylight, or by means of the best artificial illumination. In the Anacharis the cells best cal- culated to display the ciliary wave are those at the edge of the leaflet; for here a single layer of cells exists, and no deception can occur from the movements in the cells beneath. A leaflet should be selected in which the granules are just beginning to move, or rather have not got into rapid motion ; the ciliary movement is then less active, and, consequently, can be more readily seen. The microscope must be very accurately adjusted in order to define the wave, and even then the observer’s patience may be severely tried before he is rewarded with a sight so interesting and remarkable, A cell in which a large number of granules are circulating should not be selected for observation; the greater the number of granules the more will the view be obstructed and confused. I have used an eighth of an inch object-glass, by Powell and Lealand, aided by their improved achromatic condenser, and a No. 2 eye-piece. A power less than this will not define the ciliary wave. The diaphragms used are numbered 4 and 5 on the condenser, A diaphragm with a central stop—ab- solutely necessary for resolving the more difficult Nayicula— will not display the cilia. I am the more minute on this point, for without great attention to the manipulation the wave will not be seen. The cilia are extremely minute, pro- bably not much larger than the dots on some of the Nayicula, and much more difficult to illuminate satisfactorily. It may be said that cilia so minute could not draw to the side of the cell, and then impel around it the large granules of chloro- phyll which float within it, Let any one place a small portion of cork or paper in the centre of a large basin of water, and when the water is perfectly at rest gently agitate it in one direction at the side of the basin, and the cork BRANSON, ON CILIARY ACTION. 275 or paper will yery soon be drawn to the edge. Now the cork in this case bears about the same proportion to the basin of water which the granule of chlorophyll does to the cell in which it floats. In the latter case, however, instead of 2 single gentle wave at one point of the edge of the basin, we haye a wave surrounding the whole cell, formed by innu- merable very minute cilia; and this multiplication of minute forces produces a current of considerable velocity. Of course the current once established becomes quicker and quicker, and is helped onward by its own impetus. This exactly explains the appearance presented on the first starting—so to speak—of the circulation in a cell: a granule of chlorophyll is slowly drawn to the edge of the cell, and then slowly moves round it ; another granule follows, until all are at length drawn to the edge, and pass round ; the motion then becomes quicker and quicker, until it reaches the limit of its speed. But the ciliary motion is occasionally irregular—slower in some parts of the line, or perhaps interrupted altogether ; and the consequence is, that the granules accumulate at the weak, or interrupted point, until the re-established ciliary wave again urges them forward. Any one accustomed to watch the circulation in plants must have frequently observed that the granules of chlorophyll become crowded together, and then slowly and singly again move onward. Ciliary action satisfactorily explains this movement. In the cells of the Anacharis the cilia are arranged in lines around the cell ; occasionally, however, the granules of chlorophyll, instead of passing round the cell, tum off at an abrupt angle, and cross it; when this is the case a bright line may be observed on the cell wall, and along this bright line the granules pass. This line may be distinctly seen on the cell-wall before the granules are in motion, and, if accurately examined, will even then give an indication of a minute current passing along its course. This bright line is doubtless the base of a line of cilia, but the ciliary wave cannot, under these circumstances, be seen, for the cilia are not in profile. The Anacharis is better adapted to display the ciliary wave than the Valisneria. In the latter it is difficult to slice off a single layer of cells, whilst in the former Nature has prepared a single layer most suitably arranged for observation. ‘The currents seen in the hairs of certain plants differ somewhat from those in which the granules of chlorophyll circulate ; they are more minute, irregular, and weaker. Even whilst observing a hair of the Groundsel currents start into view, which a moment before were not in existence, and as rapidly pass away—others follow a more definite course, and sometimes the whole hair appears ae 276 BRANSON, ON CILIARY ACTION. covered with a complete network of currents. I have ex- amined many varieties of the hairs of plants, and few have been the specimens in which—in some of the hairs at least— indications of currents could not be detected ; so frequently, indeed, have I found these currents, as to lead to the inference that all the hairs of plants are furnished with an apparatus adapted to the production of currents. Now this apparatus is most probably identical with that which gives rise to the circulation in the Anacharis, viz., minute cilia. I say most probably, for the extreme minuteness of the currents render the demonstration of cilia in many cases very difficult. In one of the hairs from the leaf of a scarlet Pelargonium a waving current was very evident. In the hairs of the common Primrose a ciliary wave was detected at the edge of the cells ; the waving current was particularly well seen in this instance, as no granules were floating in the cell, which, when carried along in the current, interfere much with the view of ciliary action. The whole internal surface of the cells of some hairs is probably lined with a minute waving pile. At least this will account for the varied and irregular direction of the currents. In one cell, in the hair of a Polyanthus, I watched a flocculent line, or wave, passing diagonally along the whole of the cell ; the current at the same time setting in the direc- tion of the length of the wave. This is difficult to explain without a diagram. scabs ee A, arrow indicating the course of the wave across the cell. B, arrow indicating the direction of the current along which floating granules were carried. Currents are well seen, not only in the hairs, but also in the cuticle of the leaf of the London Pride ; although the ciliary wave is not well seen in this plant, in consequence of the great number of minute granules which float in the cells. The currents seen in the leaf-cells of the London Pride, and also in the leaf-cells of the Primrose, are precisely similar to those seen in their respective hairs; they are equally minute, irregular, and weak. Although the current is very distinetly seen, the motive force is not sufficiently powerful to move any granules of chlorophyll which may happen to be in the cell ; occasionally, however, a granule of chlorophyll may be seen slowly moved by the current, just as the granules are ie WENHAM, ON THE CIRCULATION OF THE SAP, ETC. 277 moyed in the Anacharis, showing that the force is the same in both cases. Ina hair of the Primrose I watched an octo- hedral crystal of oxalate of lime carried by the current several times from end to end of the cell. By the term ciliary wave it is not intended to imply that individual cilia can be seen. All that can be shown is a waving motion, such as would undoubtedly be attributed to ciliary action if seen in an animal structure. I will not at present attempt to offer any suggestion as to the use of these currents, though they must play an important part in the vegetable cell. Observations made with microscopes of high power and of recent construc- tion are as yet too limited. Other observers will doubtless be led to investigate the subject, and the accumulation of additional facts may lead to a solution of this difficult pro- blem. OssERVATIONS on the CrrcuLtation of the Sap in the Lear Cetts of Anacuaris Atstnastrum. By F.H. Wennam. TuereE is no known plant in which the sap-rotation has been discovered that displays the phenomena of the circulation more distinctly, or in such variety of detail, as the newly imported water-weed, Anacharis Alsinastrum. Having ob- served some peculiar features in this, which I have not dis- covered in the circulating sap of any other plant, I venture to announce them. I must, however, premise that I have not made a special study of this department of vegetable physio- logy, and may therefore be excused from drawing any con- clusions, or for showing a defective acquaintance with techni- calities ;—I have simply to relate what I have seen. Those who are not already familiar with the plant may readily recognise it by its peculiar characteristics :—Its form of growth is in long slender stems, which bear a series of three narrow leaves, of a pale-green colour, at intervals of Fig. |. _ about a quarter of an inch asunder; these, when full grown, seldom exceed a length of three-eighths of an inch (see fig. 1). 278 WENHAM, ON THE CIRCULATION OF THE SAP The thickness of the leaf is composed of two layers of cells, irregular both in form and position, as shown in fig. 2. The Fig. 2. margin of the leaf consists of a single layer of cells of great transparency ; it is in these that the remarkable phenomena accompanying the circulatory movement are best seen. To observe this satisfactorily a good eighth is necessary, haying an aperture of from 120° to 130°; if it extend beyond this the object will be less perfectly shown, on account of the close approximation of the front lens, and the difficulty of adjusting for thickness of cover. For illumination I prefer the achromatic condenser with a series of stops, and for con- taining the object, a compressor having thin glass both over and under the object. The best leaves for examination are those which have slightly changed colour from age; the young and vigorous specimens oftentimes displaying the cir- culation but very feebly. Upon first seeing the object under these conditions, it appeared to me that there was something very remarkable in the structure of the immediate surface of the walls of those cells in which rotation could be seen: I immediately removed the microscope into direct sunlight. As thus illuminated the whole interior of the cell appeared to be lined with cilia, each developed in a most distinct manner, and altogether exhibiting the wavy undulating appearance usually caused by ciliary motion. The movement of the green chlorophyll granules also tended to favour this deception ; for by the action of the supposed cilia they were occasionally collected together in a mass at one end of the cell, and the particular manner in which the preceding ones were again disentangled, one by one, at the point of least resistance, seemed to be due to the mecha- nical or sweeping power of the cilia. If the existence of cilia in plants of this description could be established, it would no doubt serve to explain many obscure points in vegetable physiology ; but subsequent ob- servation has shown me that the appearance of these in the - IN THE LEAF-CELLS OF ANACHARIS ALSINASTRUM. 279 Anacharis was a deception, caused by oblique sunlight, which though favourable for discovering the existence of minute markings is entirely unsuited for the purposes of truthful investigation. The mobile investment round the margin of the cells has a well-defined boundary: in an instance where the progressive circulation was very rapid I measured the thickness of the layer, and found it not more than 1-25,000th of an inch (in general it is rather more than this, or about 1-20,000th). Now if this should represent the extreme length of each ciliary filament, in order to possess the requisite elasticity and tenuity, the proportion of length to diameter should be at least ten to one; this would at once place the thickness of the filament beyond the limits of microscopic vision, and clearly proves that if a series of cilia really existed of these dimensions it would be impossible to see them. By examining detached portions of the cell-walls with the largest apertures and most careful illumination, I cannot discover any rugose indications in its apparently uniform outline. I have made numerous examinations of this marvellous and beautiful object, under different circumstances and conditions, and will now describe the facts 1 have observed relating to its structure and vital functions. The thickness of the di- vision between the cells is about 1-14,000th of an inch. In certain stages of disease, or decay, this sometimes becomes equally divided, showing that each cell has its own inde- pendent membrane. No particular structure can be dis- covered in the cell-wall: all the cells are filled with a thin fluid, and contain a number of chlorophyll granules, varying from three or four to upwards of fifty. The granules very much resemble those of the Valisneria, but are rather larger. Their dimensions are from 1-3000th to 1-5000th of an inch. They are somewhat irregular in shape, some being of an oval form, and others a nearly circular, flattened disc. Each spherule has a granulated appearance, arising from six or eight separate nuclei; they are rendered more apparent by a solution of ammonia, which also changes the green colour of the granule to a yellowish tinge. The chlorophyll granules are entirely dissolved by dilute sulphuric acid, Treated with tincture of iodine they are changed to a brown colour, with a nucleus of a darker shade, and the apparent development of an external membranous envelope. When the rotation is active the greater number of the gra- nules travel round the margin of the cells. A few remain fixed in the centre, chiefly consisting of those whose form approaches to that of a round flattened disc, 280 | WENHAM, ON THE CIRCULATION OF THE SAP The deportment of the granules during their passage has already been described in the Microscopical Journal for Oct. 1853, page 54, by Mr. Lawson, to whom we are indebted for the discovery of the sap-rotation in this interesting object. When the rotation is moderately active, the speed of the granules is about 1-40th of an inch per minute; a motion apparently small until magnified to 800 linear, when each granule is seen to travel round its containing cell, with suf- ficient rapidity, several times during one minute. The rotation in one cell does not exert any influence upon the direction of the granules travelling in the immediately adjoining one. The motion is sometimes the same way, but quite as often in the contrary direction. The question now is, what is the agent that gives motion to these otherwise inactive granules? I have before remarked that the whole interior of each cell is lined with an investing Jayer in rapid motion, of a thickness varying from 1-20,000th to 1-25,000th of an inch. This stratum I have ascertained to be entirely composed of a multitude of active corpuscules, differing in size from 1-60,000th to 1-90,000th of an inch. Tam not quite positive about their exact dimensions, for, on account of their gelatinous nature, they do not possess a very definite outline, and are, in consequence, somewhat difficult of measurement. They are not, however, in general, much larger than I have stated. If one of the leaves of the Anacharis be placed on a piece of thin glass, with a very small quantity of water, and then torn into minute fragments with two needle-points, and finally covered with another piece of thin glass, on viewing the fluid with an eighth object-glass, it will be seen that it is entirely filled with these active corpuscules, exhibiting -that vigorous isochronal motion characteristic of molecular ac- tion. A weak solution of ammonia rather increases the activity of these bodies, but dilute alcohol and acids immediately destroy the movement. These. combined corpuscules are essentially the principle of the vital movement in the plant, and also the vehicle that causes the rotation of the chlorophyll granules, which are of themselves perfectly passive, and move only in obedience to the direction and control of the corpuscular current; neither is the presence of the granules at all necessary for the excita- tion of the active principle of circulation, for I have repeatedly seen cells containing not a single granule, in which the cireu- lating layer was in a rapid state of progressive motion—in fact, the presence of numerous granules rather tends to retard | IN THE LEAF-CELLS OF ANACHARIS ALSINASTRUM. 281 the cell current than otherwise. When a stoppage occurs, the corpuscules of the circulating layer become piled against the back of the last granule; in some instances almost to overflowing ; but the disentanglement is generally effected by the tractive influence of the moving investment releasing the preceding granules in succession. The chlorophyll granules do not appear to possess any affinity for the active investment; they seem to be attached to it only by simple adhesion. When a granule has been impelled against an obstacle, it is sometimes thrown out from the cell-wall, and, during the first instant of its rise, I have seen it draw up a column, or thread, of the glutinous corpus- cules. If the granule becomes quite detached, it will remain stationary in its position, close to the investment, till it is forced again into the line of march by the contact or motion of succeeding ones. The investment of active corpuscules is strongly attracted by the cell-wall, and the progressive activity of the one appears to be dependent upon the vital condition of the other. if the continuity of a portion of the surface of the cell-wall is impaired, the active layer will not travel over the part thus differing in substance. Fig. 3 represents one of the hollow spines, or hairs, at the margin of the leaf; in these the granules are sometimes seen in active mo- tion. When they arrive near the apex, where the cell-wall is in- durated, shown by a brown dis- coloration, indicating a loss of vitality, they are invariably car- ried across the circulating layer, taking a short cut over, as at 0 in the figure. A few stray gra- nules are sometimes thrown into the dark-coloured hollow end of the hair, but these are motionless. Although there is undoubtedly a principle of attraction existing between the active investment and the cell-wall, yet I am led to conclude that there is nothing peculiar in the structure of the surface of the latter to determine the direction of rotation of the travelling current. When a plant of the Anacharis has been kept in a cold, dark place for one or two days, usually Fig. 3. 282 WENHAM, ON THE CIRCULATION OF THE SAP not a symptom of circulation can be discovered: if a leaf suitable for examination be now viewed under an eighth, selecting the more transparent single thickness of cells at the margin of the leaf, it will sometimes be found that the layer of active corpuscules has collected, or run together, on the cell-wall into one, or sometimes two heaps or mounds, being in a torpid and quiescent state. After having care- fully adjusted the object-glass, if the achromatic condenser be focussed on one of these heaps, a bright sky being used’ for the source of illumination, the slight degree of heat thus ob- tained is sufficient to call into existence the dormant vitality of the active corpuscules. At first, a few atoms on the summit of the mound appear to be loosened, exhibiting their peculiar tremulous motion; next, a few will start off and take the lead, generally across the cell, the movement of vibration being apparently converted into one of direct progression ; immediately, a single file of particles will follow in rapid succession, in a wavering direction from side to side, much resembling a torrent of bubbles arising from a spherule, or small shot, at the bottom of a glass vessel of water, at the commencement of ebullition. Sometimes another line of particles will start off in a different quarter, and, as the heap of corpuscules becomes more fluid and melts down, a very singular commotion takes place ; currents are seen traversing the cell all ways, without apparent rule or order, and two are sometimes seen travelling on the same side of the cell-wall in opposite directions: at last, the united numbers and strength of one current will gain the mastery, and determine the ultimate direction of rotation, which will then go on steadily for hours, the chlorophyll granules being duly arranged, and performing their traverse in proper form. So far as I have ascertained, heat seems to be the best excitant of the circulatory movement. It is slightly accelerated by the transmission of an electric current; but this effect may also be due to the creation of a rise of temperature. The leaf of the Anacharis is very sensitive to the application of external reagents ; weak alcohol, ammonia, or acids, instantly destroy the motion of the sap-current. There is yet another collection of bodies found in all the various forms of cell composing the leaf of the Anacharis ;* they are oblong spicular-looking particles, of a light-brown colour, having an average length of 1-11,000th of an inch; they mostly congregate together in the most vacant part of the cell, either at the centre or one end, and exhibit that brisk * Seen also in the Valisneria. IN THE LEAF-CELLS OF ANACHARIS ALSINASTRUM. 283 vibratory motion peculiar to molecular action. This also occurs when there is no symptom of rotation in the cells which they occupy, and in instances where the rest of the cell con- tents appears to be dead. They are quite independent of the active investment, and are oftentimes so numerous as to be tangled together in a mass, forming a kind of nucleus, which is occasionally kept in rotation by the movement of the chorophyll granules. Some cells are free from them, but frequently it is difficult to find one in which they do not exist ; they are not “parasitic,” but form one of the constituents of the growth of the plant. I have now recorded my observations on this remarkable plant; though I am still of opinion, from the variety of the phenomena displayed, that a careful series of examinations will bring fresh facts to light, and that the Anacharis (although denounced as a “‘ pest”) may possibly prove to be one of the keys for unravelling some of the mysteries of primary vegetable organization. I have entered upon the inquiry without learning what has been done by others in this department of microscopical investigation, and therefore refrain from expressing opinions or from drawing any con- clusions from the result. I only offer it as a query, with respect to the elementary principle of the circulation of the sap in plants. May not their growth and vitality depend upon what is known as ‘molecular action?” I make the remark, because I have observed that the sap of many dif- ferent vegetable species exhibits this peculiar motion; and I would further inquire, whether the czliary movement dis- covered in several organisms, decidedly belonging to the vegetable kingdom, may not also be a modification of mole- cular action, and governed by the same exciting power? For it appears to me that there are many points of analogy ; and it is difficult to imagine that a single cilium, of perhaps unicellular structure, and so minute as to be almost beyond the limits of microscopic vision, should derive its vibrations from an internal mechanism. Experiment tends to prove that the acting stimulus of motion exists externally, I have finally to remark that this is one of those com- paratively-few subjects which requires the use of large apertures, and the highest powers for its investigation (I have found a twelfth extremely serviceable), combined with considerable care in the illumination ; for many of the pheno- mena are on so minute a scale as to be classed among very difficult tests. ( 284 ) TRANSLATIONS. On the CELLULOSE (in Animals) QuEstion. By R. Vircnow. Archiv. f. pathol. Anatomie, ii. Physiologie, &c., vol. viii., H. 1, p. 140. Sick my former communications respecting the substance met with in the human body resembling vegetable cellulose, I have taken much pains to ascertain more precisely its nature. In now recurring to the subject, it is not that I have been altogether successful in the inquiry, but rather because I perceive that it is becoming more and more involved in con- fusion. There are some even who, whether from superficiality or for other reasons, appear to regard what I have said,—as I believe with sufficient distinctness—as unsaid, and have busied themselves in associating with the amyloid bodies described by me, bodies of all kinds, only morphologically analogous with them. The reaction of iodine and sulphuric acid having once been established, nothing can be described as a corpus amylaceum which does not exhibit this reaction. At most can such bodies be termed corpora amylacea spuria. To this class of false amyloid bodies, which have been explained as true, belong— 1. The brain-sand, noticed by Cohn (Bericht, tiber das Allerheiligen-Hospital zu Breslau, 1854, p. 14). Except that Busk (Quart. Jour. Mic. Sc., 1854, January, No, 6), im one instance, under particular circumstances, found in the corpus striatum calcareous bodies, whose external soft layer assumed a peculiar reddish-yellow colour under iodine alone, which induced him to compare it with the immature cellulose of many plants, as of Hydrodictyon. 2. Various gelatinous granules, which have of late been fre- quently comprehended under the ambiguous name of “ colloid granules.” Many of these are decidedly of an albuminous nature, as I have said before (vol. vi., p. 580). It is possible that the bodies described by Gunsberg (Zeitsch. f. Klin. Med., v., p. 297) from a colloid tumour of the abdomen belong to this class, although the description is not suffi- ciently clear ; and in a cerebral tumour occurring at the same time, arenaceous corpuscles are described as of an amyloid nature. 3. The concentric epidermis globules (globes épidermiques), which are met with most abundantly in cancroid tumours, : VIRCHOW, ON THE CELLULOSE QUESTION. 285 and which Gunsberg places with the corpora amylacea. To this category also belong, as I first stated (Arch., vol. iil, _ p. 222), the concentric bodies of the thymus-gland, of which Funke (Wagner’s Physiol., 4th ed., 1854, p. 127), supposes that they are identical with the corpora amylacea of the brain. I have expressly stated (vol. vi., p. 138), that they do not exhibit the peculiar reaction with iodine and sulphuric acid, The same may be said of the so-termed colloid bodies of the hypophysis cerebri. 4. The so-termed Hassallian corpuscles in coagulated blood, but which should properly be named after Gulliver, since they had previously been described and figured by him in his translation of Gerber. 5. The medullary matter described by me (vol. vi., p. 562), and identified by Henle with the Hassallian corpuscles, not- withstanding that its analogy with the nerve-medulla had not escaped his notice, and which is placed by Meckel under his *‘lardaceous substance’ (Speckstoff), although it is a normal constituent of most tissues. I had already stated that this substance does not exhibit the peculiar reaction with iodine and sulphuric acid, that it is soluble in hot alcohol, in ether, and other substances, in which the corpora amylacea are in- soluble, and also that it resists concentrated acids and alkalies, which at once destroy the corpora amylacea. In short, this medullary matter (Markstoff) has nothing in com- mon with the corpora amylacea. 6. -Leucin-granules, which are so readily separated par- ticularly in extract of milk, and which have also been de- scribed by Meckel as a kind of fat, and placed under the lardaceous substances. These bodies also, do not exhibit the reaction with iodine and sulphuric acid. Among all animal substances there is but one, so far as our present knowledge extends, which can be brought into question, and this is cholesterin. The great difference which exists between cholesterin and the corpora amylacea, I have already (vol. vi., p. 420) pointed out in a cursory manner. It will be sufficient, here, to remark that the cellu- lose-like or amyloid substance, whenever it is met with, exhibits changes under iodine alone without any addition; thus the corpora amylacea of the nerve substance exhibit a bluish, and those of the spleen, liver, and kidney, a yellowish-red colour. Were this not the case, it would have been quite inconceivable how Donders and Busk should ever have thought of such a thing, as at once to declare them to be of the nature of starch. No sort of cholesterin upon the simple application of iodine presents any change of the kind, and 286 VIRCHOW, ON THE CELLULOSE QUESTION. still less is it witnessed in situations where cholesterin in the combined state exists abundantly; as, for instance, in the nerves and in the spleen, of which I have shown that when it has not undergone the amyloid change, still it contains a very large amount of cholesterin (vol. vi., pp. 425, 565). On the other hand I would again remark, that sulphurie acid by itself changes cholesterin-crystals into brown or brownish-red drops (vol. vi., p. 420, vid.; also Wiirzb. Verh., B. i, p. 314), whilst the corpora amylacea are destroyed without any change of cclour. Busk, in his researches, besides iodine with sulphuric acid, also employed Schultze’s reagent,—chloride of zinc and iodine, —and obtained also by its means the blue reaction. I can confirm this as regards the brain, as well as with respect to the waxy degeneration of the spleen, liver, and kidney. This reagent even is to be preferred, from its greater convenience of application, to the iodo-sulphuric acid, only it must be very carefully prepared. At first [ had hoped that it would afford a new test by which to distinguish cholesterin, but it was soon apparent that it also induced the most beautiful blue colour with that substance, although very slowly. At the same time I perceive, with much astonishment, that in England many conceive that the amylaceous nature of the bodies is proved by this reaction. This is altogether erroneous, for it is pre- cisely this which is to be regarded as especially characteristic of cellulose. In the impossibility of completely isolating the substance in question, | have repeatedly sought to produce its charac- teristic decompositions. My endeavour to change it into sugar, by means of sulphuric acid failed (vol. vi., p. 426), I then experimented with saliva, and of course with saliva which was proved to be capable of readily decomposing vege- table starch. But these experiments also afforded no satis- factory result, either with normal saliva or with the secretion of a person under mercurial salivation, which possessed very energetic decomposing properties. Another series of experi- ments appeared to afford more favourable results; but I was unable to arrive at any definite conclusion, owing to the cir- cumstance that, latterly, fresh materials were wanting. In any case the question remains in this state, viz.:—that of all known substances none appears to be so closely allied to these bodies as are starch and cellulose. In respect to the situation in which the degeneration may be demonstrated with certainty, they are as follows :— 1. The nervous system. Besides the situation before noticed may be mentioned the ligamentum spirale cochlee (Wurzb. Ver- VIRCHOW, ON THE CELLULOSE QUESTION. 287 hand., Bd. V., p. 18), and numerous points in the atrophied substance of the brain and spinal cord. I have myself re- peatedly found them in astonishing quantity in the gelatinous and cellular softening of the brain, and particularly of the spinal cord. Busk found them, in one case, throughout nearly the whole brain. Willigk (Prager Vierteljahrsch. 1854, Bd. IV., p- 93) discovered them in cicatriform spots in the brain; and Rokitansky (Sitz. Ber. der Wiener Akad, 1854, Mai. Bd. XIIL., p. 122), in various parts in a state of atrophy, particu- larly in the brain. Like Busk I have also seen them in the choroid plexus, although I am not quite sure whether they may not have been accidentally introduced. 2. The spleen. In this organ the change exists both in the cells of the follicles and of the pulp. The arteries, as has been stated before by Meckel, exhibit the degeneration in their thickened walls throughout all the coats, and, in par- ticular, there is no doubt that the annular fibrous coat also par- ticipates in it. Sanders (Monthly Journal, 1854, Nov., p. 468) rightly remarks that the trabecule likewise are changed ; I have seen them thickened and rendered blue throughout by the action of reagents. If the deposit is not quite pure, the colour is more of a violet tint, or perhaps of green or greenish blue. 3. The liver. In the true waxy degeneration it is chiefly the hepatic cells which undergo the change, although it some- times happens that the interstitial connective tissue as well is implicated in it. 4. The kidneys. In these organs the amyloid condition is of the most frequent occurrence. The change commencing most usually in the Malpighian coils and in the afferent arteries, which are enormously thickened and have their walls infiltrated throughout. Next to these the connective tissue, surrounding the papillary tubuli uriniferi, is chiefly affected; far more rarely the portions seated higher up. Further investigations will show whether a simple infiltra- tion exists in these cases, or a direct degeneration. ‘The case related by Stratford (Quarterly Journal Mic. Sci., 1854, p- 168) of an epileptic patient, in whom corpora amylacea are said to have existed in the blood, is not so certain that the matter can be regarded as decided by it. Im any case, in most organs we have to do with an indubitable change in the structural elements; and should my original view be farther confirmed, this change might briefly be described as a ligni- fication of them. It is of especial interest to, consider the finer varieties of this substance in connexion with the corresponding vegetable 288 VIRCHOW, ON THE CELLULOSE QUESTION. © matters. The corpora umylacea of the nervous centres, both morphologically and chemically, approach the nearest to the amylox-granules of plants. They have the same concentrically- striated structure, the comparatively strongly-reflecting sur-- face, the bluish colour, upon the simple application of iodme, and lastly, their swelling in hot, and their ultimate solution, although with chemical change, in boiling water. _ Busk even” says, what Donders and myself have been unable to perceive, ° that some of the smaller corpora amylacea exhibit, in polarized: light, a sharply-defined dark cross, the lines: forming which decussate in the centre of the granule at an angle of 45°, though it must be allowed that most of them exhibit only a single dark line. The same observer also believes that in one case he perceived minute particles of the amyloid sub- stance enclosed in cells, whose cavity they only partly oc- cupied. Widely different from the above is the amyloid degeneration of the vessels, of the connective tissue, and of the cells in the’ spleen, liver and kidney. In these situations I have never obtained a blue, nor even a bluish colour, by the addition of iodine alone ; on the contrary, the peculiar yellowish-red is exhibited, which has from the first surprised me (vol. vi., p- 269), and which Meckel has since described as * iodine- red,” and proposed as a characteristic of his lardaceous sub= stance. But at the same time care must be taken with respect to this, since, especially all parts containing blood, oftenassumea © very similar appearance. At present it appears to me that we are in no case justified in admitting the existence of an amyloid substance, where a violet-blue or bluish-green colour is not produced upon the subsequent addition of sul-. phuric acid or of chloride of zinc. But in all such cases it is advisable by the simple addition of concentrated sulphuric acid, to satisfy oneself that similar colours are not produced by that reagent, as may very well be the case, especially in a series of animal colouring matters. Whether the yellowish-red, or iodine-red appearance of the parts indicate any specific substance, is still to be shown. Busk seems inclined to compare with it a kind of immature cellulose, such as is said to occur in the lower plants. In any case, however, the deposition of the substance presents a close resemblance to true lignification—the formation of cellulose in plants. But in the vegetable kingdom, as is well known, the most numerous combinations of cellulose with nitrogenous substances are met with, so that, as Mulder in particular has» shown, on the addition of iodine with sulphuric acid all sorts of impure colours are presented, constituted of a mixture of — ON A SOLUTION OF UREA UPON THE BLOUD-CELLS. 289 blue and red, or of brown and yellow. A similar play of colour may be witnessed particularly in the spleen, and espe- cially in the amyloid procured from the pulp and from the follicles, whilst nowhere do the blue and bluish-red colours at once appear so distinctly as in the Malpighian coils and the afferent arteries of the renal parenchyma. It appears, there- fore, scarcely to admit of a doubt, that sometimes sooner, some- times later, the albuminous substance of the tissue disappears and is replaced by the amyloid. In those cases, in which the substance differs still more widely from starch, and more close approaches cellulose, the organs affected exhibit the peculiarly pale, transparent, reddish or yellowish, or even brownish aspect, together with the cha- racteristic, as it were, cedematous consistence, which, as I conceive (vol. vi., p. 426), should be described as “ waxy,” and not as lardaceous. I see with pleasure that the same idea, independently of me, has been adopted in Edinburgh, and the process been at once described as “ waxy degeneration” (Monthly Journal, 1854, February and March). In the majority of cases the indurated organs are at the same time enlarged, so that no doubt can be entertained that new matter must have been taken up. The coexistence of amyloid disease in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, which has been so often observed, though not so frequently as many believe, of course leads to the suppo- sition of the existence of a common cause—of a constitutional disturbance. A humoral pathologist would naturally suppose a corresponding crasis. But a more cautious observer would be satisfied with saying, as I have done in my former com- munication on the subject of the ‘“‘ waxy spleen,” that the common factor is a cachectic condition, whose more special nature remains to be elucidated. On the Action of a ConcenTRATED Sotution of UREA upon the Bioop-Cetis. By A. Kouuiker. (Zeitsch. f. Wiss. Zool., vol. vii., p. 183.) In the prosecution of a series of researches, respecting the influence of various reagents upon the spermatic filaments, I have almost always employed the blood-cells as a test of the degree of concentration of the fluids experimented with. I was thus led to observe, in the Frog, a remarkable change produced in the blood-cells by a concentrated solution of urea (30 per cent.). The blood-cells gradually acquired an irregular, jagged outline, and were rapidly transformed into the WoL, Tit. u 290 ON A SOLUTION OF UREA UPON THE BLOOD-CELLS. most beautiful stellate cells, usually having 8—6 tolerably long and somewhat clavate processes, so as to be brought to resemble very closely the irregularly-stellate pigment-cells. of the lamina fusca of the sclerotic.. This elegant form, however, was not long retained ; for the processes now began speedily to become melted down, sometimes disappearing by a gradual process of fusion commencing at the border of the cell, and occasionally in detaching larger. or smaller droplets, which immediately became pale and disappeared, Thus, at last, the nuclear part of the cell only remained as a minute, round, dark-red, brilliant globule, which, ultimately, also lost its colour and disappeared up to the nucleus without leaying a trace, In order to ascertain the causes of these extraordinary changes in the blood-cells, | began now to try the effect of weaker solutions of urea. These experiments showed, that solutions containing 15 per cent. produced the same changes as those above described, and this was the case also, though more slowly, with solutions containing 12 per cent., or haying a specific gravity of about 1-043. In solutions of 1-026 sp. gr., the cells remained almost without. change, whilst in others still more diluted, down to a sp. gr. of 1:004, they were ren- dered spherical and pale, with distinctly-visible nuclei, just.as they appear upon the first addition of water. These pheno- mena, as well as the considerations which are opposed to the assumption of a chemical influence being exercised by an indifferent substance, such as urea, upon the blood-corpuscles, induced me to try the effect of other concentrated solutions upon the blood-cells of the Frog, whence it appeared that in solutions containing 30 per cent. of ‘sugar of milk,” nume- rous blood-cells were rendered so pale, that nothing remained visible except the nuclei. The same thing takes place. i in all the cells in a concentrated solution of glycerin, except, that in this instance, many of the nuclei exhibit a very delicate border due to the cell membrane. _ A similar effect follows the ap- plication of mucilage of quince seeds. But in none of these solutions did the blood-cells assume the stellate form, nor exhibit the extraordinary fusion, and breaking up into sphe- rical drops, which is manifested in solutions of. urea; upon which, however, the less stress, perhaps, should be placed, since human blood-cells, in a solution of urea containing 30 per cent. simply diminish in size, become rounded and lose their colour, without previously exhibiting any other phenomenon. Of salts | have hitherto only tried solutions of common salt and of acetate of soda (Na O A). When concentrated solu- tions of these salts are mixed with frog’s blood, and the ON LYMPH-CORPUSCLES IN THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS. 291 mixture is left to itself for a few minutes, most of the cor- puscles lose their colour entirely, scarcely anything remaining visible except the nuclei. If the changes are followed more closely, the corpuscles will be seen at first to become wrinkled, in which condition also many remain for a long time; but this is succeeded by a stage, in which they become smaller and rounded, and perhaps also throw out a few rounded protru- sions, until at last they are rendered quite pale. On the prolonged action of common salt, the corpuscles may often be seen surrounded with a complete cloud of liberated particles of hematin, and it would even seem that the cells frequently disappear altogether under the energetic influence of the con- centrated solution. From the above it is allowable to regard the whole pheno- menon as one of a physical nature, and to assume that, as dilute solutions remove the colour of the blood-corpuscles by endosmosis, so do concentrated solutions produce the same effect by causing an excessive exosmotic current from the blood-cells into the surrounding fluid. The very energetic action of urea, may perhaps be explained by the high value of the endosmotic equivalent of that substance, with respect to which I hope at some future time to be able to communi- cate more precise observations, Notice respecting the Occurrence of Lympu-Corpusctes in the commencements of the Lympuatic VessEts. By A. KOLLIKER. (Zeitsch, f., Wiss. Zool., vol. vii., p. 182.) THE recent researches of Virchow on the one hand, and of Briicke, Donders, and myself on the other, have shown that the lymphatic glands are the principal seat of origin of the cellzeform elements of the chyle. The further question arises, as to whether lymph-cells are formed in other situations besides those organs, and particularly, whether the inde- pendent formation of such cells, in the commencement of the Jacteals, which has recently been almost universally assumed, be really deducible from well-ascertained facts. ‘This question is of the greater interest, that the formation of lymph-cells in the commencement of lymphatics has hitherto been regarded as one of the most certain instances of the formation of cells around isolated nuclez contained in a fluid, whilst the more recent results of histological inquiries have tended more and more to limit the occurrence of a free cell-formation inde- pendent of pre-existing cells. Consideration of the foregoing facts, would certainly, at first sight, appear to render the u 2 292 ON LYMPH-CORPUSCLES IN THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS. question now in discussion superfluous, inasmuch as’ ‘it has long been proved that the lacteals of the small intestine, even at their commencement between the intestine and the mesen- teric glands, contain lymph-corpuscles ; but here the possi- bility arises, that the cells may be derived from the Peyerian and solitary follicles, whose connexion with the lacteals is asserted by Briicke, and which on this account have been regarded as a kind of lymphatic glands. In this state of things, it is above all necessary to investigate the conditions under which, and. the situations_in which, the lymphatics contain cellzform elements previously to their reaching the lymphatic glands, and where not; an investigation which, when carried out sufficiently, is more difficult than it appears at first sight. Although I have had neither opportunity nor leisure of instituting detailed researches on this subject, still I am in a condition to communicate some facts, which may serve as an introduction to further inquiries. In a large Dog, which had been copiously fed a few hours before death, and in which all the lymphatics of the abdo- minal organs were distended, H. Miiller and TI found, in all the lacteals proceeding from "the Peyerian glands, (which in such cases are always enlarged,) in every preparation, a con- siderable amount of colourless cells. The chyle from the other vessels of the small intestine, however, also contained cells, but these were in general less abundant, though in one case likewise the number was not inconsiderable. In the same way also the lymphatics arising from the large intestine contained a certain number of cells in the pale-coloured lymph. On the other hand, we were unable to discover a trace of celleform elements in the lymph taken from the much-distended vessels of the liver. Upon the supposition, therefore, that the solitary follicles of the small and large intestine communicate with lymphatic vessels, these facts would appear to correspond with the hypothesis, that the lymphatic glands and the analogous follicles of the intestines are the only sites of formation of the lymph-cells. On the other hand, again, I invariably found in the large lymphatics of the spermatic cord of the Bull, close to the epididymis, in several very carefully-examined cases, a certain, though it is true but small, number of cells, which were in- distinguishable from lymph-corpuscles, Further investigation, for which I would recommend the lymphatic vessels on the extérior of the gastric mucous mem- brane of the Pig, and those of the uterus and liver in the large mammalia, will show in what cases lymph-cells exist INFLUENCE OF ALKALIES ON SPERMATIC FILAMENTS. 293 in lymphatics, which haye no connexion of any kind with glandular organs. Should it thus appear, of which I can scarcely doubt, that the occurrence of these corpuscles, ob- served by me in the lymphatics of the testis, is a frequent event, the origin of these lymph-cells will have to be traced further, and above all, it will be requisite to consider whether, perhaps, the epithelial cells of the smaller lymphatics may mot participate in this cell-formation more than we have hitherto been inclined to believe. On the InrwueNce of Caustic ALKaLies upon the Mortons. of the Spermatic Firaments. By A. Korumer, . (Siebold and Kollik. Zeitsch. f. w. Zool., vol, vii., p. 181, March 26, 1855.) SETrinG out with the well-known observation of Virchow (Virch. Archiv., vol. vi. p. 1383, 1853; Quart. Journ. Mic. Sci., vol. ii., p. 108), with respect to the action of caustic ‘potass and soda on the cilia, I have in the last winter inyes- tigated their action upon the spermatic filaments. To my agreeable surprise a perfect correspondence was exhibited between these two motile bodies, except that I noticed an influence from ammonia upon the spermatic filaments, which -had.not been observed by Virchow in the cilia. In order to observe the action of caustic alkalies upon the spermatic filaments, the best mode of proceeding is to allow them to ; become perfectly quiescent in a dilute solution of sugar or of albumen, and afterwards to introduce the caustic in small _quantity beneath the covering glass. It will then be seen wherever the potass or soda reaches that the mass is again _ put into the most lively motion, fully as active as that of . the perfectly-fresh spermatozoids; but after a short time .(4—1—2 minutes) a total quiescence takes place, from which _ the spermatic filaments cannot in any way be again roused. » This phenomenon is best. witnessed on the application of a solution containing from 1 to 5 parts in 100 of caustic soda _or potass. In stronger solutions it undoubtedly takes place, . but in this case the movement is soon over, nor does it occur mm all the filaments, many of which, and especially those which _ first. come into contact with the stream, exhibit, instead of active vibratile and locomotive movements, only a few rota- _ tions on the axis, and then become quiescent in the extended _-posture. Concentrated solutions of caustic alkalies, contain- ing from 10 to 50 in 100, also produce the phenomena of _-revivification in a mass of quiescent spermatic filaments, and 294 ON THE RESTORATION OF THE MOTIONS OF in a well-marked manner, but in this case care is still more requisite than with more dilute solutions. fw jud The above phenomenon is witnessed not only in the Mam- malia in which I first observed it, but also in the Amphibia, except that in the latter (Frog) far more dilute solutions of caustic alkalies are required to produce it, the spermatic fila- ments of these animals being much more readily destroyed than those of the Mammalia. As respects the Birds and Fishes, my observations in these classes are not concluded, ~ Whea the action of caustic alkalies upon the spermatic filaments is observed farther, it is obvious that they are powerful excitants, not only in concentrated solutions, but that they also exert an influence in dilute solutions also. Ifa solution of sugar, which does not affect the movements of the spermatic filaments, be mixed with a small quantity of caustic potass, so as to make a solution containing 1-1000 to 1-5000 of the alkali, it will be seen that a fluid of this kind not only maintains the motions of the filaments for hours together, but that it renders them even more lively than inthe pure syrup itself, so that it would seem as if very weak alkaline fluids of a certain strength are the most favourable to the movement of the spermatic filaments. On the RESTORATION of the Motions of the SPERMATOZOIDS of the Mamata. By MM. Mo.escuorr and J. C. RiccHETII. (Comptes rendus, No. 13, Mars 26, 1855.) THE author’s researches were made on the spermatozoids of the Bull, taken in each experiment from the epididymis. These spermatozoids have a lynx-shaped head, the depression in which is small and situated towards the inferior third, and a very long tail, furnished with a minute appendicular nodosity, which is soluble in the alkalies, and is usually placed in the middle of the filament, though in some indiyi- duals it is situated nearer to the head. When the testes have been procured from an animal recently killed, the vitreous humour, diluted with three parts of water and filtered, is very appropriate for the observation of the movements of the spermatozoids; but this fluid is no longer sufficient when the testes have been kept for one or several days. In order, then, to revive the spermatozoids, we are acquainted with nothing which succeeds better than solutions of common carbonate or phosphate of soda, containing 5-100th of the salt. By this means, even after the lapse of two days, all the characteristic movements of the spermatozoids may ~ ‘ 7 3 . 4 : | THE SPERMATOZOIDS OF THE MAMMALIA, 295 be excited. » At first, only a few exhibit trembling vibrations, but which are soon communicated to others, and in two or three minutes the whole are in motion as actively as in the recent secretion. We have several times succeeded in _re- animating these motions of the spermatozoids, in the secretion which had been retained in the epididymis three or four days after the death of the animal, at a temperature varying from 5° to 20° Cent. If, instead of solutions of the above strength, more concentrated ones are employed, the action is commonly slower, weaker, and, above all, less general ;. nevertheless we haye occasionally seen. movements produced quite as rapid, and also quite as general. by means of a solution, containing 1-10th of the salt ; a solution containing 1-i00th of the salt is usually imert. . Chloride of sodium, is less efficient than the phosphate or the carbonate of soda, inasmuch as its action is only. very feeble beyond 48 hours after the death of the animal. . But it is extremely remarkable, that a solution containing .not more than 1-100th of common. salt produces the greatest effect, whilst solutions containing 5, 10, and 26:4 per cent, have none at all, and even solutions of 3 to 4 per cent..are far less active than those with 1 per cent...The latter surpasses in efficiency the solution of sulphate of soda, which, like the carbonate and phosphate, ought to be of the strength of 5-100th. Solutions containing 1 to 10 parts of the sulphate in 100 have a feeble action, and the concentrated solution produces none at all. Ordinarily the solution of sulphate of soda, containing 5 parts in 100, is less certain in its effects and: less active and durable than the carbonate, phosphate, and chloride, particularly if the secretion is not recent, As for the salts of potass, we have compared the carbonate ina solution containing 5 in 100, and the chloride in one con- taining 1.in 100... Their action is less constant, slower, less lively and less general than that of the salts of soda, What has been said of the semen of the Bull does not apply to that of the Frog (Rana esculenta). . According to our obsery- ations, common salt retards the movements of the spermato- zoid.of the latter animal; the phosphate and the carbonate cause them to cease altogether. ‘he spermatozoid of the Frog coil up in-solutions of the same salts, and at the same degree of concentration, as revive those of the Bull with the greatest energy. » This difference recalls a fact observed by M. Moles- chott, that the blood-corpuscles of birds (Fowls, Pigeons) are less corrugated under the action of saline solutions than are those of the Mammalia and of the Frog. 296 ON THE VITALITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF Y of soy mon On the Veadinees and Devevopment of the ‘Sree Fiva- MENTs. By A. Kotter. (From the Verhand. d. bt med. Gesellsch. in Wiirzb. Bd. V1., 1855.) REFERRING to a former communication (vide p. 293), con- taining the observation, that. caustic alkalies are powerful tixeitants of the spermatic filaments, the author believes that he has now arrived at certain results, of which the present paper. gives a preliminary account, the more detailed exposition of his inquiries being reserved for a. future oceasion. The results which he has obtained, with respect to the motile phenomena of the spermatic filaments, are embraced in the following propositions, which haye reference to the Mammalia. , 1. In pure semen, taken from the epidermis and vas deferens, motile spermatic filaments exist in very great abundance. 2. In water and aqueous solutions of all innocuous, indifferent substances and salts, the motion of the filaments ceases, and they form loops. 3. These filaments, thus furnished with loops, are not dead, as has hitherto been generally believed; for, on the contrary, they revive com- pletely upon the subsequent addition of concentrated solutions of innocuous, indifferent substances (sugar, albumen, urea), and of salts. 4, In all animal fluids, when considerably concentrated, or highly saline, which are not too acid nor too alkaline, nor too viscid, ‘the motions of the spermatic filaments are unimpaired ; this is the case, for instance, in blood, lymph, alkaline or neutral urine, alkaline milk, thin mucus, thick bile, the vitreous humour,—but not in saliva, acid, or strongly- ammioniacal urine, acid milk or mucus, the gastric juice, thin bile, and thick mucus. ‘When the proper degree of concentration of the latter fluids is successfully attained, and their ‘Teaction is rendered neutral, ‘they are innocuous. 5. In all solutions of indifferent organic substances moderately concen trated the filaments move with perfect facility—thus in all kinds of syrup, in albumen, urea, glycerin, salicin, amygdalin. More concentrated so. tions of these substances cause the motion to cease, but it is restored upon their subsequent dilution with water. Too dilute solutions act in the same way as water (vide 2 and 3). 6. Certain solutions, as they are termed, of indifferent organic substances act like water, however much they may be concentrated, such as solutions of gum arabic, vegetable mucus (gum tragacanth, mucilagé of quince- seeds), and of dextrin. Concentrated solutions of other substances, in this case.also,. restore the motions, 7. Many organic substances cause the motions of the filaments to AY an owing to their chemical action upon them, such as alcohol, creosote tannin, tad ether; others owing to their mechanical effects, as ‘Tost oils. Narcotics, in certain degrees of concentration, are not injurious. (ofl} 8. Metallic salts are injurious, even in extremely dilute solutions ; such, for instance, as a solution containing yo}s5 of corrosive sublimate. 9. Most of the alkaline and ear thy salts are innocuous in certain de, rees of concentration, which in some is greater and in some less ; so little hurtful, in fact, are they, that the filaments may be kept alive in them for ' “THE SPERMATIC FILAMENTS. 297 from one to four hours. Among these may be enumerated solutions of— common) ‘salt; chloride of potassium; sal ammoniac; nitrate of soda ; nitrate of potass, containing 1 part to 100: moreover, solutions containing from 5 to 10 parts in 100 of phosphate of soda; sulphate of soda ; sulphate of magnesia ; chloride of barium. As regards some of these salts, the fact had been, previously noticed by older writers, and more recently by Quatrefages, Newport, and Ankermann. Solutions unduly diluted have the same effect as water, and cause the formation of loops, but the filaments are revived upon the addition of a concentrated solution of the same salts and of indifferent substances (sugar, urea, &c.). Stronger saline solutions than are required, also interfere with the motions; but, in this case like- wise, the filaments are capable of revival upon the addition of water. These salts can scarcely be regarded properly as revivifiers, as was asserted not long since by Moleschott and Ricchetti (vide p. 294), for filaments which have become quiescent in indifferent substances, as sugar, for instance, are not revivified again by them; and their action is widely different from that of the real excitants—the caustic alkalies. It cannot be denied that their influence is very favourable, and that (but perhaps owing only to their rapid diffusion in the water) they produce motion in a seminal mass more rapidly than other less diffusible substances, such as sugar and albumen; on which account the above-named authors ascribe revivifying properties to them —a fact which, before them, had been made known, as regards common salt, by Quatrefages, and by Newport, for carbonate of soda and potass ; which latter salts, moreover, in my experi- ments, caused the motion to cease in 10! or 15', almost like the caustie alkalies. 10. Acids, even in very small quantity, are injurious; such as hydro- chlorie acid, in the proportion of 45. . - 11. Caustic alkalies (soda, potass, and ammonia, not lime and barytes), in all degrees of concentration, from 4 to § are special excitants of the spermatic filaments. Whether the latter have become quiescent spon- taneously, as in old semen, or have ceased to move in indifferent solutions, the above substances recall the most active movements which are not dis- tinguishable from the vital. But these motions cease after two or three minutes, and from this quiescence the filaments cannot be roused by any means. When mixed with indifferent substances in small proportions (from ys to 4;), as, for instance, in syrup, the caustic alkalies afford a means by which the motions of the spermatic filaments may be main- tained for a long time. 12. Semen dried in indifferent substances, and in saline solutions, may, in certain cases, have its motion restored by dilution with the same fluid, or with water. So much, as regards the Mammalia, with which, so far as the author has had an opportunity of observing, the Birds correspond in all essential particulars. In the Amphibia, as, for instance, in the Frog, a difference was so far observable that the spermatic filaments, owing to their chemical consti- tution, required less concentrated solutions, in order to exhibit their natural motion On this account water and aqueous solutions have very slightly-deleterious effects on them; and greater dilution is requisite in the saline solutions, in order o exhibit the movements, than in the Mammalia. That is io say, one-half per cent. solutions of common salt ; chloride 298 ON THE VITALITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF of potassium; chloride of ammonium; nitrate of potass; nitrate of soda; carbonate of soda; and solutions containing. z}5th of phosphate of soda; sulphate of soda ; sulphate of magnesia 5. muriate of lime; muriate of barytes, &c. All the other con-. ditions are alike: thus, in particular, the revivification from concentrated saline solutions, except that the alkalies act as excitants only in very weak solutions, and are destructive in stronger. The spermatic filaments of Fish, in their behaviour towards water, correspond more with those of the Amphibia, but they are by no means so long-lived. They are distinguished also from those of the Amphibia, and of all other vertebrate animals, by the greater delicacy of their structure, and by the difficulty which exists in the finding of media favourable to their motion, In general the same degree of concentration in the solutions should be employed with them as with the spermatic filaments of the Frog, except that it seems there are but few substances, such as phosphate of soda in the proportion of 1 per cent., and of sulphate of magnesia of the same strength, which are altogether favourable to them ; but in these media I have seen them in active motion for from six to twelve hours ; and such solutions are perhaps adapted for the prolonged maintenance in an active state of the seminal fluid of Fish. The revivifi- cation after the action of water and of too concentrated solutions takes place in them in the same way as in the spermatic filaments of the Mammalia. The caustic alkalies also act upon them as excitants, though only in dilute solutions of 4} to + per cent. for in stronger the filaments are immediately destroyed. When these facts are carefully considered, it is obvious that it is impossible, with Ankermann, to regard the motions of the spermatic filaments as the effect simply of endosmosis. I consider that they are induced by molecular changes in the interior of the filaments, which, though unknown, may at present be compared with those in the muscular fibres, and still more aptly to the ciliary organs of the Infusoria, and to cilia in general, Should any one be inclined to the opinion, that the revivification of filaments which have been treated with water, by the application of concentrated solu- tions, as of sugar, salts, albumen, &c., as well as the restoration of motion by means of water, after treatment with too concen- trated saline solutions, are circumstances in favour of Anker- mann’s views, I would remark, that the Infusoria and cilia also behave in the same way towards saline and other solutions. The Opaline—minute Infusoria from the rectum of the Frog, and the cilia of the Frog’s tongue—move in a solution of common salt of | per cent., and of phosphate of soda of the THE SPERMATIC FILAMENTS. 299 strength of from 5 to 10 per cent. In a solution of salt of 5 per cent., and of sugar of from 10 to 15 per cent., they shrink up and become quiescent, though reviving upon the addition of water: I have even succeeded in reviving the Opaline, after they had been treated with a solution of commion salt, in the proportion of 5th. With respect to the development of the spermatic filaments, I will here say only this much, that, from my latest observa- tions, they are not developed in the nuclei of the spermatic cells and cysts, but owt of them. These nuclei, which occur either singly in small cells, or in numbers together, free in larger ceils and cysts, become elongated, and push out from one end a filamentary process, whilst the principal mass con- stitutes the body of the filament. The spermatic filaments are at first coiled up in the cells and cysts, and are afterwards liberated by the perforation of these receptacles, in doing which they frequently carry with them portions of the walls, forming the appendages and hood-like cauls which have been already pointed out by other observers. (300) " {+ on Faw forny 2 NOTES AND CORRESPONDEN CE. to Sie hy ae Reply to some Remarks by F. H. Wenham, —In an article. by F. H. Wenham, Esq., of London, published in the ‘Quar- terly Journal of "Microscopical Science’ for July, 1854, I haye noticed the following paragraph :— ** These experiments [made by Mr. Wenham] will readily account for the difficulty of discovering the markings or struc- ture of a severe test when mounted in balsam; for as thus seen it may be inferred that no aperture exceeding 85° can be made to bear upon it, and this is even supposing that the largest aperture object-glass that has ever been constructed is ianseds 1 Such being the case I am somewhat. puzzled at an announcement ‘that appears to contradict) this. fact, coming from one that» mustbe considered. as authority in these matters. I refer to Professor Bailey, who, in a letter addressed to Matthew’ Marshall, -Esq., dated’ January, 20,.1852,. first speaks of an American object-glass of very large aperture (1723°), and its performance on the most difficult tests known, and then proceeds to say, ‘In all these cases. (and. in fact whenever I allude to a test-object) I-mean. the balsam-mounted specimens. The dry shells 1 never use as tests.) This asser- tion seems to me to be extraordinary, and very like ‘saying that an aperture of 85° or 90°. will do everything that-is re- quired. I have invariably found that when very difficult tests are mounted in balsam [ cannot. discover the markings, and certainly the reasons herein. given will account for it. /It.is to be hoped that the American opticians have discoyered some new and peculiar principle in object-glasses, that wall render a smaller amount of aperture serviceable ; but howeyer this may be, I think that Professor Bailey’s statement requires some explanation.” —Journ. Mic. Science, July, 1854, p. 219. It is apparent from the above that Mr. Wenham. has con- vinced himself, both by “reasons” and experiment, that_I ought not to have seen the markings on delicate test-objects when mounted in balsam; and that ashe invariably found that he could not discover these markings, therefore some new and peculiar principle in object-glasses must haye been discovered to account for the success of American opticians. In answer to this I would state that both in print, as well as in private letters, I stand fully committed to the statement that I can resolve the most difficult tests. known even. when mounted in balsam, In 1849-1 stated in this Journal, vol. vii., p- 268, that ‘the resolution of these tests mounted pk 'y is, so MEMORANDA. 301 much easier than when in balsam, that objects thus mounted are of little value im testing the powers of lenses, although they may answer well when the end is to make out the real structure of the object itself.” In fact I have up to this time met with no object which, when mounted dry presents. suffi- cient difficulty to rank as a severe test-object, while there are many which when balsam-mounted become very satisfac- tory. It is certainly no duty of mine to explain why Mr. Wenham has failed in his attempts to resolve the balsam-mounted spe- cimens, particularly as the resolution of such tests is a matter of every-day amusement with microscopists in this country, and I believe Mr. Wenham does injustice to the microscopists ‘and microseopes of London, in representing the English glasses as incapable of doing as much. That the English lenses are capable of performing well on balsam-mounted objects of considerable difficulty I know by my own trials, some ‘of which are referred to in the following paragraph from a paper recently published in the ‘Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,’ vol. vii., p. 14 :—“ I would here state that in the spring of 1853, I resolved the Greenport Grammatophora [balsam-mounted] unmistakably by a 1-4th of an inch objec- tive made by Spencer, and subsequently by a 1-4th recently made by Powell of London for Dr. Varnarsdale of New “York.” * As Mr. Wenham does not mention the names of the test- ‘objects employed by him, I cannot say that they may not: be ‘more difficult than any known to me; yet I feel no hesitation “in challenging him to produce an object resolvable when dry, “which I cannot resolve when balsam-mounted. I will also state that I at present know of no test-object more. difficult than a supposed variety of Grammatophora stricta, Ehr., from “Halifax, N.S. This is as much more difficult than the Pro- ‘vidence’ Grammatophora, as the latter is more. difficult than ‘the Greenport ‘specimens. Asa supply of the last two ‘varieties has been in London for two years they are probably “known to Mr. Wenham, and may have been subjected) to “experiments by him. That the balsam-mounted specimens “of all these objects can be satisfactorily resolved is well “known to American observers ; and the following statement given by Judge A. S. Johnson, in vol. xiii., p. 32. of this “Journal, is fully confirmatory of my own experience. Speak- “ing of a new object-glass of 1744°, made in July, 1851, by ‘Spencer, the following remarks are made :-— “The light failing us as evening was approaching, we did hot try in this way either the Amici test or the Providence 302 MEMORANDA. Grammatophora, but in the evening we saw both these objects [balsam-mounted ] satisfactorily resolved into dots by unreflected oblique light from one wick of a common bed- chamber lamp, burning oil, a homely but very effective method of illumination for abjsctives of large apertures.” It appears then that the resolution of balsam-mounted spe- cimens of difficult test-objects can be accomplished, in spite of Mr. Wenham’s arguments and experience to the contrary. The error in his arguments will be sufficiently obvious ‘to any one who will trace the course of a divergent pencil of rays out of the balsam instead of into it, as im Mr. Wenham’s experiments, and it will then be seen that large angles of aperture are as useful for balsam-mounted specimens as for others. I leave the defence of large angles of aperture to the professed optician, being well satisfied that, notwithstanding the extraordinary attempts made by certain writers in Eng- land to underrate the value of the improvements made in this direction, no one who has once employed a properly-corrected object-class of large aperture will ever be satisfied with one of a different inetracian —Proressor J. BarLey, in Ame- rican Journal of Science and Arts. Aperture of Object-Glasses im relation to Objects in Canada In continuation of this subject 1 have to bring for- ward a few experiments recently made, for the purpose of viewing objects with the full aperture of the object-glass, when mounted in Canada balsam. The fact that balsam does diminish the angle of aperture of the microscopic object-glass when in action for Viewing a structure, mounted in the substance of that or any other refractive medium, has already been sufficiently demonstrated, both theoretically and practically, in the papers of Professor Robinson and myself; and I consider that no further proofs are requisite for establishing the truth of a position, which a few simple experiments can be made to convey the most direct conviction to unassisted eyesight, and which is so strictly based upon the very first laws of incidence and refraction, . 4 306 MEMORANDA. variety of specimens of the fructification of Ferns and Mosses. The same class of objects were exhibited by Mr. Loddiges. _ Mr. Bowerbank exhibited a series of the anchor-like processes from the Holothuriade and Polyps. Mr. Varley exhibited Chara, Valisneria, and living Animalcules. The Rev. J. Reade exhibited a series of crystalline bodies ; whilst Mr. Woodward. threw a new light on every object by his beautiful polarising apparatus. Plants, pictures, and objects of general interest crowded the tables; but these were rather the adornments than the substantial entertainment of the evening. Were we to give an account of all that was worth seeing, it would take up too large an amount of our space. We have felt ourselves justified in giving these soirées this notice, both on account of the respect we feel for the Master of the Apothecaries’ Society, at whose suggestion these interesting soirées were arranged, and for the intrinsic benefit which must arise from presenting to the mind at one time so large a number of the facts which have been discovered by the aid of the micro- scope. We are glad to be able to add that the friends of Mr. Ward are raising a subscription for the purpose of pre- senting his portrait to the Linnean Society, to be placed amongst the collection of portraits of distinguished naturalists in the meeting-room of that Society.—E. L. Cheap Microscopes.—We announced in our last number that the Society of Arts had offered two prizes for cheap micro- scopes. From the following extract from the Report of the Committee of that Society it will be seen that it has succeeded in obtaining this desirable object :— “The important position which the Microscope now holds, not only in relation to pure but to applied science, and its great value in assisting to form those habits of observation which it is the object of all sound education to impart, in- duced the Council to believe that the promoting the pro- duction of a good instrument at a price which should render it more readily accessible to the many, was an object worthy of the Society; and, accordingly, under the advice and with the assistance of a Committee, composed of Mr. Busk, F.R.S. ; Dr. Carpenter, F.R.S.; Mr. Jackson; Dr. Lankester, F.R.S. ; Mr. Quekett ; and Mr. W. W. Saunders, F.R.S., the follow- ing prizes were offered :— For a School Microscope, to be sold to the public at a price not exceeding 10s. 6d.—The Society’s Medal. For a Teacher’s or Student’s Microscope, to be sold to the public at a price not exceeding 3/. 3s.—The Society’s Medal. The Council undertook to purchase 100 of the smaller, and MEMORANDA. 307 50 of the larger instruments for which the medals should be awarded, “The members will be glad to learn that for these prizes there have been numerous competitors. After most careful examination of all the instruments by the Committee, they unanimously reported to the Council that the instruments sent in by Messrs. Field and Co., of Birmingham, fulfilled all the conditions required, and the Council have, therefore, awarded to that firm the medals offered, on Messrs. Field and Co. entering into the necessary undertakings to comply with the requirements of the Prize List. ‘The Council congratulate the members on this result. Those members who are desirous of securing any of these instruments, which will shortly be supplied to the Society by Messrs. Field, at a discount of 10 per cent., should at once send in their names to the Secretary.”—Excerpt Annual Report of the Council of the Society of Arts to the Members, presented at the Gencral Meet- ing, June 13, 1855. On “Species” of Diatomacez.—In your Journal for J anuary Professor Smith has made some valuable observations on what is a species among Diatomacee, in which he enforces the necessity of studying these beings in the recent state before one can decide on what ought to be reckoned distinct. This is the more necessary as it appears to me that neither size of the frustules or distance of the strie are sufficient to distin- guish species, unless we allow to each a very considerable range of variation. What are called “species” in Diatomacez may be viewed under a twofold aspect :—1st. A species as it exists in nature, requiring a study of every state from the sporangium to the sporangium-bearing individual: 2nd, As serves the purposes of the microscopist, who gives names to every difference of form or size he observes that is not already figured. To the latter class may be referred. most of Ehrenberg’s, Kiitzing’s, and Gregory’s species ; and it would be preferable to indicate them by 1, 2, 3, &c., to giving names to each, until Smith or some other naturalist can ascertain to what genuine species such forms may be referred. It is a natural species alone which is worthy of the attention of scientific men. A diatom increases in two different ways—by sporangia, and by self-division. The length of time before a diatom produces sporangia probably varies considerably in different genera, and even in different species, but seems rarely, if ever, to be less than three or four months. On the other hand the power of self-division, although supposed by some to belong x2 b) 308 MEMORANDA. only to the mature, frustule, seems really, to. exist Pi ; very early age, as soon indeed as a frustule is formed. iy: sporangium. Between. the young state and the fully formed or sporangial one there must thus be a considerable difference in size; and, as the number of frustules (the produce of one sporangium ‘by self-division) increase in a geometrical pro- . gression, we may always expect to find many more of the larger than we ‘did a short time previously of the smaller size, in the © same pool. All the frustules from the same sporangium exhibit probably nearly the same size at the same age; but in ~ the same locality other sporangia may have been deposited, so that we find the same species of different ages or sizes mixed together. The minimum and the maximum state is therefore one of the points that require to be decided on by naturalists before we can form a definite idea of any one species, The striz on the valves of a species requires also. to be studied; and here the question arises, is the distance between the ae or their number in -001 inch, constant? or does the distance vary with the size of the valve, the number on the entire valve being constant, when the frustules are all the produce of the same sporangium ? Solong as this remains un- determined by actual observation, it is of no use counting the number of stria in a given space, or of talking of any species being a test for object-lenses._ Mr. Sollitt, of Hull, im giying the number of striz of Pleurosigma quadratum and ‘angulatum (Microscopical Journal, II., p. 62, when by P. angulatum he meant P. guadratum, and by Re strigosum is meant P. angu- latum of Smith), points out a considerable difference between the distance of the striz in small and large specimens, and that they are more distant in the latter; as however he does not give the exact length of the frustules, nor say that the valves were found in the same gathering, or if obtained from the same locality at some weeks’ distance of time, no positive conclusions can be drawn from his measurements. So far as my own observations. go, the number of stria in the entire valve is tolerably constant, whether small or large, when ob- tained at the same season and from the same locality 5, and consequently the actual number in ‘001 in, is of less, conse- quence than generally supposed, unless we multiply. that number by the length of the valve, Smith’s 2 and y of Pleu- rosigma Balticum seem, to have nearly the same total number of striae, as in his a3 but the first is about half the size of y, and the other about one-third; so the stria in these ought to be from two to three times closer than in a, and this agrees well with observation; these two, then, cannot, be consi¢ ered in the light of warieties of a, but merely a younger state of the MEMORANDA. 309 same diatom. Other instances might be mentioned in which the total number of striz is more constant than the number in “O01 i in. It is obvious that if the number in ‘001 in. be constant vat all ages, we must allow that in passing from the youngest state to maturity the valves have the power of adding new stria as they grow larger, but whether these additions are at ‘the extremities or at the centre no one has taken the trouble to investigate. It may be alleged that the new valves formed by the process of self-division acquire more numerous strize ‘than before ; but while it is generally conceded that one of ‘the old valves remain in each frustule, this explanation’ can scarcely be admitted, unless we are prepared also to allow that there may be a great dissimilarity in the strie bétween the two valves of the same frustules. If the total number of ~ striz in the valves remain constant, we must suppose the striz to separate slightly as this valve enlarges ; and this supposi- tion appears to me more in accordance with observations ‘hitherto recorded, although, no doubt, such observations have “not been made direttly:i in reference to this point. ’ If the number of striz on the entire valve be found more constant than the number in a given space (and here some _allowance must be made for the produce of different sporangia not being identically the same either in size at the same age, or in the precise number of striz to each valve), we may often “have a criterion whereby to decide whether a frustule be the “peg state of a species or a distinct species or variety. 1 ave alluded to the 6 and y of P. Balticum not being _entitled to rank as varieties, any more than a lamb is a distinct bar iety of a sheep; but, on the otler hand, if we examine “'Nitzschia dubia of Smith, we shall find not only that his “js much smaller than the a, Hi that while the stria of a are “difficult to be resolved by a } those in # are readily made’ out, _ being more distant. The Sia state here has more distant F strize than. the large one, and although sometimes mixed in the ‘same gathering cannot possibly be ‘the young of the other; it “may form a peculiar var lety, but my observations tend» to ba dy it the rank of a species, if indeed it do not belong to a different genus, Sufficient attention has not yet been paid to the sporangial Biba of the diatoms; from the observations recorded by hwaites, Smith, and thers: different genera seem to follow ‘different laws on the subject. In Navicula this state appears to be always accompanied by a great dilation of the frustule, and the formation of a strong bine or band between the inedinn z ne and the margin; sometimes the new line is nearly straight q , “h 3 4 "Di | and parallel to the median line except near ‘the nodule, with 310 MEMORANDA. which it seems connected ; sometimes it is curved ; but whether both structures occur in the same species, or are indicative of different species, no eyidence has hitherto been adduced. Smith’s figures 152a*, 154a, and 274a, may be taken as examples of the one, and 152a, 158a, and particularly 153a and 154a*, of the other. ‘The striz appear, however, to pre- serve nearly the same inclination to the new or intermediate lines which they did in the non-sporangial state to the median line; and hence the direction of the striew is not sufficient of itself to distinguish species, however good a character it may afford, unless regard be had to the peculiar state of the frustule. Perhaps I may be allowed here to remark that from the days of Linneus it has been a maxim, although specimens be distributed or figures given with names, such names are held to be unpublished unless clear and precise specific and generic characters be given along with them; and that he who gives such characters is not bound, except through courtesy, to adopt or refer to the names attached to new figures. The reason is obvious; specimens or figures only exhibit one form of the species, and afford no information as to its limits, and consequently the same author may, from ignorance of the laws on which species are to be founded, give representations of several forms of the same species; such names, if all the forms were specifically distinct, may be good, but bad when they are to be united ; the describer or naturalist must, there- fore, not be hampered by the errors of the artist or microsco- pist who preceded him. In Ehrenberg’s Mikrogeologia, the most unphilosophical work ever published on Diatomacez, not one species, although supposed new, is characterized; and unless one has samples of the same deposit he has depicted, it is quite impossible to guess with any degree of certainty what he intends, unless in some very rare instances. His Biblarium glans is readily seen, no doubt, to be the well- known Tetracyclus lacustris, of which Ehrenberg appears ignorant, and his Synedra ? hemicyclus to be Eunotia fala of Gregory, but few others can be so readily made out. In this respect Kiitzing’s works have an advantage over Ehrenberg’s ; but in many cases Kiitzing merely derives his specific cha- racter from Ebrenberg’s figures and not from the diatom itself, thus adding to the confusion. In the same way in your Journal are several papers by Dr. Gregory, accompanied with figures, but as no specific characters are assigned the figures lose their value, as no one is bound to adopt the names there given, In characterizing species a great mistake has crept in of — late years not only as to diatoms, but as to flowering plants ; MEMORANDA. 3Il a species is defined, and then we get £, y, 6, &c., noticed as varieties, each with characters at variance with the character of the species. A genus must be characterized so as to include every species referred to it; and in the same way a species must have a character that will include all its varieties, or at least not exclude any one of them. No one has a right to say which variety is the type of a species, when all may have arisen from the same original seed; the primitive form may be 8, or «, or X, of that we are totally ignorant. All we can do is to arrange the varieties according to some arbitrary rule, and to define each, a as well as 0, or 7; the peculiar character of a cannot be incorporated with the diagnosis of the species without doing violence to the other varieties, and in fact separating them as distinct species, although the author has not had the courage to do so, from indeed feeling con- vinced they are not so. Although I consider the distance between the strie to depend considerably on the age and size of the frustule, I wish it to be distinctly understood that as yet we have not sufficient information whether the number of striz may not also vary slightly in the same way. It is possible that both variations take place; but until the law connecting them be ascertained, all attempts to derive specific characters from the strie are futile, if not injurious, to the science, unless we allow a very considerable range, so great indeed as to destroy the utility of such characters. If, as some microscopists think, the strie are the walls, and dots the angles formed by the walls of minute compressed cellules, the surface of the valve of a diatom ought to be compared with the cuticle of a flowering-plant, which consists of cellular tissue so highly compressed that the upper and lower walls touch each other, leaving the lateral ones in the form of reticulating veins, these vein-like reticulations having a certain thickness as well as height: in viewing these by direct light, we see only the breadth of each line, while obliquely, or by oblique light, causing an oblique shadow or picture to enter the object-glass, we see also its height, and therefore a greater surface of the reticulating lines reaching the eye by oblique than by direct light, we see these lines more distinctly. If the strie of diatoms be formed in that way, we might easily understand that the ease of making them out does not depend on the distance from each other so much as on the breadth of the lines or dots in connexion with their elevation ; and therefore, although the actual distance of such be the same, we may resolve some frustules of the same species more easily than others. Diatomacez are thus not so good tests for the micro- 312 MEMORANDA. scope as supposed, unless the same slide be seed by all observers,—A. ites! etd On a New Locality of Microscopic Test-objects.— In a Smith- sonian memoir published in February, 1854,* I have described and figured a species of Hyalodiscus from Halifax, Nova Scotia, which appeared to me to be admirably fitted for a test-object, inasmuch as its circular form, with radiant and curved lines of great tenuity proceeding in all directions, renders it unnecessary ever to change the position of the shell when in the field of view in order to secure the best possible direction of the light. Whatever its position, on account of the perfect symmetry of its form and markings,” some portion must always be in the best possible position with: reference to the oblique light used for its examination. Unfor=' tunately, the Halifax specimens of this beautiful object’ appear to be quite rare, 1 am therefore happy to announce’ the discovery upon various Alge from Monterey, California, of an inexhaustible supply of a species of Hyalodiscus closely allied to the Halifax species, and answering equally well as a test-object. I find it so convenient as a test-object when’ balsam-mounted that I am sure it will find favour with lovers@ of the microscope.—Prorgrssor J. Baruxry, in American Journal of Science and Arts. ( DIGOW A » Memoranda on Flies’ Feet. —In the Journal, Vol. ill., p- 230,. Mr. Tyrrell, of Newcourt, remarks, “ In. confirmation of. Mr. Hepworth and other naturalists, that the use of the, cushions beset with hairs terminating in glands secreting a glutinous substance, is to attach the foot to the surface upon _ which the insect Walks by means of such secretion, and not. by suction, I would suggest that the hooks on the feet of flies. are intended not to attach the Fly to anything, but to be used - as fulcra, or props, which it can push against when it wishes. toUétach the cushions. Without the hook- -shaped props, the . Fly, when once stuck fast, must remain so.’ . Mr. Tyrrell alludes to a paper in the previous Volume on, the * Fly’s Foot,’ in which I state that this fluid is not essential _ for that purpose (of attaching the foot), and I speak of the . ; tubules as suckers. My observations have led me to the fol- lowing conclusions: yiz,; that the termination of each hair or. tubule is a sucker, and thé secretion is only to. increase its. * ‘Notes on Ne sw nee and Localities of Microscopical Organist by J. W. Bailey, in ‘ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,’ Vol. Yat p. 14. | MEMORANDA. 313 power, on the same principle as that on which the boy wets his leather to attach it to a stone; that the fluid is not of a glutinous nature, as it evaporates very rapidly, and I lave not been able to detect anything on the glass afterwards, when the foot. has been perfectly clean: that each sucker is under the influence of the will, and has either muscular fibres or other elastic tissue, which answers the same purpose (vide Professor A. Ecker’s paper, Journal, Vol. ii., page 111). If the secretion were glutinous, and the foot were to be attached for some time (twenty or thirty minutes, as I have often seen it) to the same spot, it would get so firmly fixed, that if forei- bly raised by the leverage of the hooks, these exceedingly delicate structures would be destroyed. The Dytiscus, when under water, is able to hold himself so firmly on glass, as to require the weight of many pounds to overcome the power with which he is attached ; whereas when the glass is dry, there is no difficulty, [I have seena Fly (under the microscope feet upwards) make one foot the centre of motion, and move the body so far round it, as to cause the leg to form a consi- derable angle (15 to 25 degrees). I conceive that, to overcome the adhesion, if produced by a glutinous secretion, which is sufficient to fix the foot under these circumstances, it would require such an amount of power by means of leverage, as would readily tear through the delicate ends of the tubules. At other times, I have seen the insect so far loosen its hold, as to allow the flap (cushion) to drag along the glass, and refix it firmly, without lifting it off the glass. The round portion of the flap of the blow- -fly is about the 1-100th of an inch in diameter, which contains upwards of 6,000 suckers ; the trian- gular part, extending for attachment up to the leg, will be about a quarter more of that area: the flaps of one foot, then, will have 15,000 or 16,000 points of attachment. Diagrams). Nos. land 2, are fApEHee illustrations of the same principle. No, 1294 ati, from the pad of the foot of a small Curculio beetle ; they expand into the form of a trumpet, and where the expan- sion Commences they appear corrugated, and the corrugation is continued to their extremities ; the expanded parts are ex- tremely attenuated, so much so, as to require a high power and oblique light to make pont out. These insects (not being aquatic) also secrete a fluid for the same purpose as the Fly: and I can imagine that if, after the ends have been at- tached and moistened, these folds could be put upon the stretch, thereby lengthening ‘the tubes, and consequently having a tendency to “produce a vacuuin, they would form an extallent apparatus for attachment. No, 2 is the pad of a variety of Cymbex lutea, which las 314 MEMORANDA. hairs similar to those of the flap of the Fly; the wing of this — insect possesses hooklets. No. 1.—Hairs of Curculio Beetle. a, a, a, shaft of hair; — b, b,b, expanded ends. 400 diameters. No. 2.—Leg of Cymbex lutea. a, b, c, d, cushions at each joint. 24 diameters. ; No. 3.—Enlarged view of c, showing hairs on the under — surface. 110 diameters. , Joun Hepwortn, Croft’s Bank, May 31, 1855. On Finders.—Contributors to these Notes have suggested — many successful contrivances for indicating the exact position of an object in a slide, but they all involve an amount of — complex arrangement which is inconvenient in their practical — application under a moderately-high power. A small, narrow — ring, painted round the object on the surface of the thin glass — cover with Prussian blue water-colour, will at last prove the most serviceable, because it can at once be seen, when in the. field, without altering the focus, and more readily than a ring r ee ee MEMORANDA, 315 marked by a diamond, to which the focus must be first directed. A little practice will soon lead to dexterity in estimating the position of the object when the slide is on the stage, and in making a touch or a line of colour thereon as a guide for the position of the ring ; the work can be examined under the microscope, and corrected and finished in any convenient position. A red ring painted outside the blue will render it more conspicuous, and assist observation when under the microscope ; the colour should be used rather thick, and the whole should have a slight protecting coat of gold size or varnish. As objects are mounted for other purposes than to furnish neatly the drawers of a cabinet, the facility in using slides thus permanently marked will outweigh the objections to the unsightly appearance.—J. H. Memoranda on the Emplsyment of Artificial Sea-Water in Marine Aquaria. —Early in the summer of last year I commenced some experiments on artificial sea-water, made according to the formula proposed by Mr. B.. Hi: Caste ; the ingredients in the proper proportions having been procured fond Mr. Wm. Bolton, 146, Holborn Bars, Roache In it I have successfully maintained alive the following marine productions :— ANIMALS. _ Mollusca. Zoophytes. 26, Cynthia momus. 1. Clava multicornis. 27. Pecten opercularis. 2. Hydractinia echinata. 28. Doris pilosa. 8. Actinia Mesembryanthemum. 29. ,, tuberculata. 4 5» crassicornis, 30. Eolis coronata. 5 » bellis. 31. Nucula cristata. 6 »» parasitica. 32. Lamellaria perspicua. 7 » Dianthus. 33. Nerita 8 » anguicoma. 34. Littorina littorea. 9 » clavata. 35. Rissoa ? 10 Aurora. 36. Trochus zizyphinus. 11. Anthea cereus. 37. Purpura lapillus. 12, Caryophyllia Smithii. 38. Chiton fascicularis and C. 13. Sertularia polyzonias. leevis. 14 ie filicula. : | 15 Ae pumila. Cirrhipedes. 16. Flustra membranacea. ¢ 17. Bowerbankia imbricata. oi Panis bean 18. Vesicularia spinosa. Annelides. VEGETATION. 19. Serpula contortuplicata. | 20. ,, triquetra. 41. Ulva latissima. 21. Sabella r | 42, Enteromorpha compressa. 22. Terebella conchilega. | 43. Cladopora 23. Spio vulgaris. 44. Phyllophora rubens. 24. Nereis ? _ 45, Bryopsis plumosa. 25. Pontobdella muricata. 316 MEMORANDA. The only accommodation provided for the whole of the above is a series of -glass jars and vases placed on shelves in the windows of an ordinary London dwelling-room, the largest glass not exceeding three gallons capacity. It is not pre- tended, however, that those animals, which are notoriously short-lived in confinement (such for instance as Nos. 27 to 32) even under the most advantageous circumstances of space, had their existence more prolonged with me: I would merely state that I have met with no more difficulties with the artificial than with the actual sea-water, under the same conditions. Nosi 1, (this is now in the gravid state represented in Johnston's Zoophytes, Plate 1), 2 and 16, made their appearance, spon- taneously as it were, on some empty shells and other debris placed in the water six months before, and which had not been changed during the whole of that period. Nos. 3, and 5 to 10, are yery hardy with me, but No. 4 is in general precarious. Nos, 13, 14, 15 lived in a quart jar for three months, at the end of which time I disposed of them, after they had added hundreds of new cells to the polypidoms. Nos. 19, 20, 21 added considerably to their tubes, the new portion being im- dicated in No. 20 by its superior whiteness, and the rate of increase being about a third of an inch in six months. On the 1st of May, I counted ten young of this species, the parents haying been in my possession since September 4. Colonies of No. 23 are very vigorous and active, but I find that they have a period of rest ae! soon after midnight to about 4 or 5 P.M. Many of the Actinie mentioned in the above list are the same individuals which I had at the commencement of my experiments, and most of them have brought forth young abundantly. ‘The development of Nos. 16 (this especially), 17, 18 have afforded me many weeks of most interesting’ ob- servation. In Nos. 39 and 40, I have noticed that frequently the cirrhi have began to play as quickly as ever, even after a period of inaction so long that I have supposed the animals to be dead, In the vegetation, I find that No, 42 is the most effective in eee p ab Ce ot oxygen. No, 41 stands next. No. 44 is apt to decay if not placed in a shaded spot, but it is always inte- resting from the quantity of parasitic animals usually found upon it. I trust that these desultory observations, hastily thrown to- gether, but scrupulously containing nothing that I have not personally witnessed in my own collection, will have the effect — of increasing the domestication of the interesting productions of our shores. —WritiAm Atrrep Lioyp, 164, St. John Street ; Road, Islington, London, June 6, 1855. k “a ac can PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. Roya. Socrery. Mr, Savory, ‘‘ On the Development of Muscular Fibre in Mam- malia.” Tue author's observations were made chiefly upon feetal pigs; but they have been confirmed by repeated examinations of the embryos of many other animals, and of the human feetus. If a portion of tissue immediately beneath the surface from the dorsal region of a foetal pig, from one to two inches in length, be examined | microscopically, there will be seen, besides blood- cor- puscles in various stages of development, nucleated cells and free nuclei or cytoblasts scattered through a clear and structureless blastema in great abundance. These cytoblasts vary in shape and size; the smaller ones, which are by far the most numerous, being generally round, and the larger ones more or less oval. Their out- line is distinct and well defined, and one or two nucleoli may be seen in their interior as small, bright, highly-refracting spots... The rest of their substance is either uniformly nebulous. or. faintly granular, The first stage in the development of striated muscular fibre con- sists in the ageregation and adhesion of the eytoblasts, and their investment by ‘blastema ‘so as to form elongated masses. In these clusters the nuclei have, at first, no regular arrangement. Almost, if not quite as soon as the cytoblasts are thus aggregated, they ‘become invested by the blastema, and this substance at the same ‘time appears to be much condensed, so that many of the nuclei become obscured. These nuclei, thus aggregated and invested, next assume a much more regular position. They fall into a single row with remarkable uniformity, and the surrounding substance at the same time grows clear and more transparent, and is arranged in the form of two bands bordering the fibre and bounding the extremities of the nuclei, so that now they become distinctly visible. ‘They are oval, and form a single row in the centre of the fibre, closely packed together side by side, their long axes lying transversely, and their extremities bounded on either side by a thin, clear, pellucid border of apparently homogeneous substance. It is to be observed how closely the muscular fibres of mammalia -at this period of their development resemble their permanent form ‘im many insects. _. The fibres next increase in length and the nuclei separate. Small intervals appear between them. The spaces rapidly widen, until at be last the nuclei lie at a very considerable distance apart. At the same time the fibre strikingly decreases in diameter; for as the nuclei separate, the lateral bands fall in and ultimately coalesce. 318 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. This lengthening of the fibre and consequent separation of the nuclei is due to an increase of material, and not to a stretching of the fibre. Soon after the nuclei have separated some of them begin to decay. ‘They increase in size ; their outline becomes indistinct; a bright border appears immediately within their margin; their con- tents become decidedly granular; their outline is broken and inter- rupted; and presently an irregular cluster of granules is all that remains, and these soon disappear. Tt sometimes happens that the nuclei perish while in contact, before the fibre elongates ; but the subsequent changes are the same. The striz generally first become visible at this period, imme- diately within the margin of the fibre. The fibre is subsequently increased in size, and its development is continued by means of the surrounding cytoblasts. These attach themselves to its exterior, and then become invested by a layer of the surrounding blastema. ‘Thus, as it were, nodes are formed at intervals on the surface of the fibre. These invested nuclei are at first readily detached, but they soon become intimately connected and indefinitely blended with the exterior of the fibre. All its cha- racters are soon acquired; the nuclei at the same time gradually sink into its substance, and an ill-defined elevation, which soon dis- appears, is all that remains, Lastly, the substance of the fibre’ becomes contracted and con- densed. The diameter of a fibre towards, or at the close of intra- uterine life, is considerably less than at a much earlier period. At the period of birth muscular fibres vary much in size. The several stages in the development of muscular fibre, above mentioned, do not succeed each other as a simple consecutive series ; on the contrary, two, or more, are generally progressing at the same time. Nor does each commence at the same period in all cases. Sroxe Newincron NaturaAu Hisrory AnD SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY. April 24, 1855. A PAPER was read by Mr. Richard Moreland, jun., ‘On the pro- bable Structure of the Starch Granule.’ * After pointing out the extensive occurrence of starch in the vegetable kingdom, and its importance in an economical point of view, and adverting to its chemical properties, the author proceeds to discuss the structure of the grain itself. He illustrates his views on this point by reference to the form of starch termed ‘ tous les mois arrowroot,’ the large grains of which are particularly fitted for — observation. Noticing the views of Leuwenhoek, Rastail, Fritzsche, Schleiden, * This paper, accompanied with elaborate figures, has been forwarded to us for insertion; its length, however, renders this impossible, and we have been compelled to content ourselves with the above abstract of Mr.’ Moreland’s views.—EKditors of Quarterly J ournal of Microscopical Science. PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 319 Martin, &c., Mr. Moreland declares himself in favour of those who conceive with Schleiden and others, that the starch granule is con- stituted of successive layers or lamin, inserted one within the other, and whose edges are represented by the concentric markings seen on the surface of the grain. He advocates, in fact, the view pro- pounded in a late number of the ‘ Quarterly Journal of Micro- scopical Science,’ by Professor Allman. The principal additional argument relied upon by Mr. Moreland in support of this opinion, appears to be derived from the use of polarized light in the examination of the grain, whilst undergoing solution in sulphuric acid. Observing that the crop of polarization continues to be well defined after the dissolution, or, as he terms it, the disintegration of what he regards as the outer layers by the action of the acid, he conceives that this circumstance is sufficient to indi- — eate that the grain is constituted of a succession of such lamine of like consistence throughout. He alse notices the effect of chloride of zine upon the starch grain, which, he says, “ instead of disintegrating the vesicle, causes it to expand ‘slowly i in the form of a thin membrane.” The paper concludes in nearly the following words :-— “ That all starch granules, which exhibit elliptical or striated markings, and are also capable of polarizing light, are composed of a series of vesicles (hollow ellipsoids), any deviation from this form being produced by circumstances attending their formation. These vesicles are thicker at that extremity of the granule from which they receive their sustenance [addition to their substance], conse- quently the nucleus is situated at the opposite extremity. The gra- uules are attached to the cell-wall by that extremity which is farthest from the nucleus; the thickness of the vesicles being indi- eated by the distances between the markings. They are, moreover, enclosed one within the other, and it may be proved [the author conceives] by sound reason and observation that these vesicles are deposited and formed upon the exterior surface of the one previously existing, and that each vesicle, upon its final development, is a hard, colourless, transparent, homogeneous substance, all being chemically and physically identical, save that a portion of any foreign substance may be deposited with any of the vesicles,” &c. ( 32059 7 ZOOPHYTOLOGY. Class. POLYZOA. Order I. P. INFUNDIBULATA. Sub-order 1. CHEILOSTOMATA. § 1. Articulata. §§ 2. Bi-multiserialaria. Fam. SALICORNARIADA, Busk. Gen. Onchopora, n. sp., Busk ("Oykos). Cells ventricose, coalescent ; not bordered by a raised margin. Ovicells” inconspicuous. 1. O. hirsuta, n. sp.? Busk. Pl, IU. A long jointed corneous tube arising on each side on the front and upper | part of the cell ; a raised median pore, below the mouth, which is produced — and subtubular. ? Cellaria hirsuta, Lamx. Hist. des Polyp. cor., p. 126. Pl, IL, fig. 4, a, B. Hab. New Zealand. Dr. Lyall. The outward aspect of this species so closely resembles that of C. hir- suta, Lamx., that, notwithstanding the apparent differences in the minuter | details, so far as they can be ascertained from the imperfect figure above cited, Tam strongly inclined to regard them as most probably identical. — The polyzoary forms small tufts, constituted of short truncated internodes, — united by a single large corneous tube, and having a hairy aspect from _ the curious, jointed corneous tubes springing from reach side of the cell The little median pore sometimes appears like a very minute avicularium, but it is by no means clear that it is an organ of that kind. The corneous | tubes are clearly not vibracula; and as the perfect ones are closed at the end, and free, they do not seem to be of the nature of radical tubes, such | as exist, for instance, in Cauda arachnoidea. 2. O. tubulosa, n.s., Busk. Pl. IV., fig. 1. Mouth of cell—very much produced, tubular ; a median pore in front of the cell. Hab. Agean Sea. E. Forbes. * The much-produced tubular prolongation of the mouth in this species, at the end of which there is no indication of a moveable lip, might at first _ sight lead to the supposition that this form belongs to the second sub- order of the Polyzoa; but further examination, and especially where th tubular portion may be partially broken off, will detect the lip, at the bottom of the tube, in the usual situation. The absence of the corneo tubes at once suffices to distinguish this from the preceding species, from which it also differs very widely in external aspect. The polyzoary is no constituted, as in that case, of short internodes, arising from each other in | a dichotomous arrangement, but is formed of cylindrical branches some=— times an inch or more in length, from which others arise at irregula distances, and nearly at right angles, to that from which they spring, ane to which they are articulated, not by a single, wide corneous tube, but b a bundle of smaller tubes, in’ number corresponding to the initial cells ¢ the new branch. It may be supposed to bear some resemblance to th Cellaria cereoides of Ellis and Solander (PI. V., fig. b, A, B, C, D, E)F ZOOPHYTOLOGY. ea and perhaps may represent a variety of the same species, which is also stated to come from the Mediterranean. 3. O. mutica, n, sp., Busk. Pl. IV., figs. 2, 3. Mouth plain ; crescentric above, with a straight inferior margin. Hab. Philippine Islands? or Australia ? A minute form, sufficiently distinguished from its congeners by the above character. The polyzoary is constituted of short internodes, con- nected by a flexible horny tube. The only specimen I have is very small, and it is constituted of short internodes, composed of 8 or 10 cells. Its habitat is doubtful, but I believe it to be one or other of those above assigned. It is growing on a fragment of coral. Some apology is requisite for the proposal of a new generic term, to a form which has probably been long known under another name ; but in the present case it appeared justifiable, from the consideration that the term Cellaria, which is the only one that could have been taken, has been understood in so many senses; and that the species at different times in- eluded under it have been so frequently subdivided into other groups, as to render its continued use likely to produce much confusion. _The species having articulated polyzoaries composed of eylindrical internodes, in which the cells are disposed around an imaginary axis, were originally confounded by Pallas under his genus Cellularia, and by Solander under that of Cellaria, with many others, not possessing that peculiar characteristic. The term Cellaria, however, was subsequently restricted by Lamouroux to those polyzoaries, which had_ cylindrical branches, or rather in which the cells were disposed around a central axis ; but as this restricted sense of the term has not been adopted by many subsequent writers, nor especially by Lamarck, and as it has long since ceased to be applied to the genus Salicornaria, it seems as well perhaps to dispense with it altogether. _ Other forms again have been confounded under the same term Cellaria by several writers, among whom may be noticed Reuss, in his account of the fossil polyzoa of the Vienna tertiaries, who includes under it Vincularia, Defrance ( Glau- conoma, Goldfuss). Whilst Hagenow, on the other hand (Die Bryoz d. Maastrich, Kneidebildung), adopts Vineuluria ‘and ignores Cellaria. In Vincularia, proper, however, the ‘polyzoary is continuous throughout, and not subdivided into internodes by flexible joints; so that there appears to be no reason whatever for associating the two. The following fossil forms might be referred to the genus ~ Onchopora ; and it would appear that no species belonging to it occur in formations anterior to the tertiary, unless the VOL, Ill, Y—Z 322 ZOOPHYTOLOGY. Ceriopora oculata, Goldf. (Petref. Germ., Pl. LXIV., fig. 14, p. 217), from the transition limestone, may be included in it. Cellaria duplicata, Reuss, |. c., p. 62, T. vil, fig. 84. », labrosa, Reuss, l. c., p. 68, T. vii., fig. 35. » Michelini, Reuss, |. c., p. 61, T. viii., figs. 1 and 2. (Vinculuria fragilis? Defrance), also in the Paris basin (Michelin, p. 46). », coronata, Reuss, l. c., p. 62, T. viii., fig. 3. » scrobiculata, Reuss, 1. c., p. 63, T. viil., fig. 4. » Schreibersi, Reuss, |. c., p. 68, T. viii., fig. 8. » Hauer, Reuss, l. c., p. 63, T. viii., fig. 9. .. stenosticha, Reuss, |. c., p. 64, T. viii., fig. 10. YY ae Pps We have here also given the figures of a species of Eschara, j which would seem to correspond very closely with the Mille- pora cervicornis of Ellis and Solander, or with the Eschara cervicornis of Lamarck (An. s. Vert., 2nd ed., t. ii., p. 267), though not to that described by M. Edwards (Sur les Eschares, p- 15, Pl. I. and Pl. II., fig. 1), under the same name, from which it is undoubtedly different, as it is also from the — E. cervicornis in the British Museum Catalogue. Neither — does it correspond with the E. gracilis of Milne-Edwards. | From the former it differs widely in the shape of the mouth, — and in its tubular projection, and from the latter in the absence of the median pore, and of punctation of the surface of the cells. But as I have not been able to refer to Marsigli’s figure ' (Hist. de la Mer., tab. xxxii., fig. 152), with which Ellis and Solander’s Millepora cervicornis is said exactly to agree, I find it impossible at present to come toa definite conclusion in — the matter. Provisionally, it would seem right to regard the present form as the true Millepora (Eschara) cervicornis of Ellis and Solander, and it might be thus characterized :— E. cervicornis, Solander. PI. IV., figs. 4, 5, 6. BE. ramosa, ramis subcylindraceis per angustis ; osculis prominalis tubu- losis ; labio inferiori, medid denticulato. Hab. Aigean Sea. E. Forbes. The polyzoary is composed of slender, cylindrical branches, in the older and thicker parts of which the cells become deeply immersed, and the mouth appears like a raised nipple, but within it may always be perceived the median denticle on the lower lip. JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. PLATE I. Illustrates Mr. Gorham’s Paper. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II. Illustrating Mr. Currey’s Paper. Fig. 1.—A thread of Trichia chrysosperma. 2.—The end of a similar thread acted upon by sulphuric acid. The spiral appearance has vanished for a short space from the end. 8.—The end of a similar thread which had been soaked in oil of lemons. The tip appears to have become flaccid, and the spiral marking has partially disappeared. 4.—A thread of Trichia nigripes. ; 5.—A portion of a thread of Trichia Neesiana, acted upon by Schulz’s solution. 6,—The tip of the same. 7 and 8.—Portions of threads of Trichia serpula. 9.—Portion of a thread of Trichia pyriformis. 10.—The membrane of Trichia pyriformis, unrolling spirally. All the figures are highly magnified. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE III. In illustration of Dr. Allman’s Paper. Figs. 1—8. Aphanizomenon Flos-aque. a —Fascicles of filaments, natural size. ; 2,.—Three primary fascicles united into a larger bundle, magnified. 3.—The fascicles have broken up into their « component filaments, which have rearranged themselves into parallel wavy curves, slightly magnified. 4,—A filament with two sporangia. a, a, ordinary cells. b, b, sporangia. 5.—A filament with a heterocyst. a, a, ordinary ceils. b, b, heterocyst. 6,—Filament with a heterocyst after the application of a solution of iodine. a, ordinary cells. b, heterocyst. 7.—A sporangium after the application of a solution of iodine. 8.—Portion of a filament in which several ordinary cells seem to” res: in process of coalescence, in order to form a sporangium. Figs. 9—17. Peridinea uberrima. 9.—P. uberrima in the act of swimming, viewed from the side of the vertical furrow. The ocelliform spot and nucleus are visible through the walls. 10.—The same viewed from the opposite side. 11.—The animalcule after having passed from a motile to a quiescent state. 12.—The animalcule with the external vesicle ruptured, and the contents escaping. a, a, oil-globules. b, nucleus. c, c, brown granules. 13.—The nucleus isolated. 14.—The animalcule undergoing transverse division. 15.—The same after the application of a solution of iodine. 16.—Outline of nucleus, with commencement of transverse division. 17.—Transverse division nearly completed. Mur Sourr Vill Py, Lf r = Mur Journ Vill Px, HT RI, Sa uNielS octal sae ele DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV. Illustrating Prof. Gregory’s Paper on the Glenshira Sand. Br Hunotia Falx, n. sp. (Found in the deposits of Liineberg and Lillhaggsjon. See Vol. II., p- 104, of this Journal.) 2,.—Nitzschia Sigmatella, n. sp. (Found as above, but also in the Mull deposit, and, with all the following figures, in the Glenshira sand.) 3.—Cymbella truncata, n. sp. 4.—Amphora Arcus, 0. sp. 5.— _ incurva, 0D. sp. 6.— » angularis, n. sp. 7.—Cocconeis transversalis, n. sp. 8.— 9 -«- Speciosa, N. sp. 9.— - distans, 0. sp. 10.— 53 costata, D. sp. 11.—Eupodiscus Ralfsit? var. 12.—Surirella fastuosa, var. 13.—Tryblionella constricta, n. sp. 14.—Amphiproa Vitrea, var. ? 15.—Navicula birostrata, n. sp. 16.— » _ Thombica, a. sp- 17.— » gastroides, D. sp. 18.— » erassd, D. Sp. 19.— » maxima, D. sp. 20.—Pinnularia Gastrum, Ehr. 21.— : apiculata. 0. sp. 22. Synedra Vertebra, n. sp. 3.— , wndulans, n. sp. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. Illustrating Mr. Huxley’s Paper on Noctiluca. Fig. 1.—Noctiluca miliaris, from above. 2.— The animal viewed from behind, showing the groove. 3.—A_ latero-inferior view, displaying the oral aperture, the cilium, the tooth, a gastric pouch, and the anal (?) aperture. 4,—The oral aperture on a larger scale. 5,—Antero-superior view, showing the nucleus, the fibres and fibrils, the tooth and the reproductive “(?) granules. 6.—The superficial network of granules and fibrils. a, Tentacle. b, groove. c, nucleus. d, tooth. e, gastric pouches. f, anal aperture. g, radiating fibres and fibrils. 4, repro- ductive (?) granules. aaa a ea en MHA 1 ¢ Wu DS” I, VA 5 LOT! LOW PIE: JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VI., Illustrating Dr. Johnston’s Paper on the Mosquito. Fig. i ead of male mosquito, magnified 20 diameters. 2.—Orbital rings supporting the capsules. 3.—Auditory capsule (sectional view), 4.—Two joints of antenna. 5.—Diagram of auditory (?) and antennar nerve. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VI., Illustrating Dr. Webb’s Paper. Fig. §.—Is a side view of the Noctiluca miliaris. The conical appearance of the tooth is seen in this position. 7.—A front view of the same parts. - a, the outer surface of ‘ the tooth ;” b, the oral aperture ; c, position of the supposed anal aperture. 8.—View in profile of the central depression. 9.—Sectional view of the central depression and tooth, from behind. 10.—The nucleus enveloped in a membrane with yelk-like matter. a Ld Iie. Ivy it, yy shad ql : oy) 9 weive 7 hh) U4 Sit wh) j HiOyY iy ‘ ey +4 cy hy O@4 Boil 6st Te ¢ : : ii) 7th ON , ; Aa) iy ‘ » mend 7) , ' ayf AIC oot n of haelovas ‘avotouan: on Cl vaothog to ties AOUTad MOE {i enteral] osibtoo A mht to woke ofvin wh: it 1th oean Be Ayoat ort Lit ACR mld Yo wore “Snort 4007 totes a lero oat aes Tims olf to litera ol vai » af lo woly Inaoiit Tiff: Wesi. < Y 7 Noir Journ Va Lil J 7 Y UY ay ey 2 Oo Loft Vien West Chramo Lath EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES Illustrating Dr. Redfern’s Paper. _ The drawings from which the Plates were executed were made by the camera lucida, under a power of 140 linear diameters. Scales having reference to the different figures are appended to each Plate. The whole of the figures in Plates VII. VIII. and the first four in Plate IX. are represented in the lithographs as magnified 180 diameters. Figs. 5 and 6 of Plate IX. are only enlarged 50 diameters, and have a separate scale below them. PLATE VII. Fig. 1.—Horizontal section of Torbanehill coal, 2 inches from the top of the seam, showing a three-lobed yellow patch with its radiate lines, and a mass of substance in which the yellow matter is imperfectly marked out into rounded or angular spaces by darker bands. 2.—Vertical section at the same part, showing irregularly elongated yellow and reddish patches, bounded by dark lines, running in the direction of the lamine of bedding; also a crystal, which polarises light very powerfully. 3.—Horizontal section of the same block of coal 16 inches from the top, showing irregularly rounded yellow bodies with dark outlines ; much smaller polygonal spaces of more uniform size ; and a sec- tion of a rounded vegetable capsule like a spore. 4.—Vertical section at the same part as the last, showing the yellow bodies elongated in the direction of the lamine of bedding, with their dark-brown boundaries projecting at the free edge, like pieces of membrane or fibre. 5.—Horizontal section, and 6, vertical section, of Wemyss coal, showing yellow bodies with radiate lines, similar to those in the Torbane- hill coal, and like them rounded on horizontal sections and elongated on vertical ones. - PLATE VIII. 1 and 2.—Horizontal and vertical sections of Methill coal. 3 and 4.—Horizontal and vertical sections of Capledrae coal, showing, as well as the sections of Methill coal, similar yellow bodies to those in the Torbanehill coal, rounded on horizontal sections, and elongated in the direction of the lamine of bedding on vertical sections. 5.—Shows spherical or polygonal membranous capsules, tubercular or pilose on the surface (spores ?), found in great numbers on all thin horizontal sections of 'Torbanehill coal. 6.—Similar bodies seen on vertical sections of the same coal, PLATE IX. TORBANEHILL COAL. 1.—Scalariform tissue abundant in the Stigmarie. 2.—Horizontal section, showing the action of heat on the upper edge of the section. 3.—Vertical section, showing the relation which exists between dense masses of vegetable tissue and the general structure of the coal. 4,—Horizontal section, showing what appear to be bands of fibre with a reticulate arrangement. 5.—Vertical section passing through what appears to be a membranous capsule, tubercular or hairy on the external surface, and smooth — within. by 6.—Horizontal section, showing another view of a similar body to the last. : - A J Mi Sain OM j TU WAT date 920000 61 "ip eo0 ° 0 hd Tuffen West. 1 : JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Figures illustrating Dr. Busch on Noctiluca. Fig. 1.—Noctiluca punctata, Busch (miliaris, E. and G.). a, border turned in at the Ailus; 6, sharp bordered rod; ce, brown body (nucleus, Quatref.) ; d, proboscis ; f, brown corpuscles seen in the interior. 2 and 3.—Germs of Noctilucce found in empty sacculé. 4,—Farther development of the germ. c, brown body (nweleus); d, pro- boscis. 5 and 6.—Young Noctiluce. b, rod; c, brown body (nucleus); d, pro- boscis. 7.—Monstrous Noctiluca. 8.—The granular body from the interior of the Noctiluca (fig. 1f) highly magnified. 9.—Luminous discs found among the Noctiluce. 10.—The minute bodies seated on the upper border of these discs. Figures illustrating Dr. Allman’s Paper. 11.—Bursaria leucas, Ehr., magnified about 90 diameters. a. Nucleus. b. Contractile space. e. Digestive vacuole filled with food. d. Mouth. 12.—Ideal Section of Bursaria leucas. a. Nucleus. e. Dermal layer containing trichocysts, and covered with cilia. Jf. Green globules forming a distinct stratum beneath the dermal layer. g. Granular colourless contents. 13.—A portion of the outline of the animal after the application of acetic acid. ‘The trichocysts have become changed into long acicular bodies, some of which radiate from the surface, to which they still partially adhere, while others are scattered over the stage of the microscope. 14,—A greatly enlarged view of the margin, to show the position of the trichocysts. f. Green globules. g. Granular contents. h. Trichocysts. 4. Cilia. 15.—Isolated trichocysts in a quiescent state. 16.—First stage of evolution—the trichocysts have become transformed into spherules. 17.—Second stage of evolution—the spherules are replaced by a spiral filament, which rapidly unrolls. 18.—Final stage of evolution—the completely unrolled filament lies as a transparent spiculum in the field of the microscope. k. Spicula with a filiform appendage at one extremity. l. Spicula without the filiform appendage. JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. ZOOPHY TOLOGY. Description of Figures. PLATE I. Fig. 1.—Salicornaria borealis (natural size.) 2.—The same, magnified about 40 diam. 3.—The same, magnified abont 80 diam. 4,.— Menipea arctica, magnified about 40 diam. 5.—Front view of acell, with avicularium, magnified 80 diam. §.—Back view of part of a branch, magnified about 80 diam. 7.—Membranipora Sophie, magnified 80 diam. PLATE II. 1.—Lepralia scutulata, magnitied 40 diam. 2.—The same, magnified 80 diam. 3.—Tubulipora ventricosa, magnified 40 diam. 4. Extremities of two tubes magnified about 80 diam. 5.—Sertularia polyzonias ? (natural size.) 6.—The same, magnified about 40 diam. 7.—Sertularia imbricata (natural size.) 8.—The same, magnified about 40 diam. 9.—The same, magnified about 80 diam. Ford & West Imp ae ok = . 3 s 7 ’ ee a ee se RS is oe Tax Ford & West Se Ree ed ese ( 324 ) ZOOPHYTOLOGY. DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES. Puate III. Fig. 1,—Portion of polyzoary of Onchopora hirsuta in the younger condition. 2.—Ditto, older. 3, 4, 5.—Disposition of the cells at an articulation. 6.—Natural size, Puate IV. 1.—Portion of polyzoary of Onchopora tubulosa. — 1(@).—Natural size. 2, 3.—O. mutica. 3 (a).—Natural size. 4.—Eschara cervicornis? in the younger part of the polyzoary. 5.—An older portion, 6.—One still older, in which the cells are quite immersed. 7.—Natural size. ( 325 ) JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XI. Illustrating Mr. Rainey’s paper on the Structure of the Cutaneous Follicles of the Toad. .—Skin of toad injected, showing cutaneous capillaries. .—Opposite side of the same piece of skin, showing one of the cutaneous follicles. .—A vertical section of the skin, showing some follicles cut perpendi- cular to the surface. a. One cut at its middle, where it communicates with the surface. b. b. Follicles cut on one side of their centre. c. A layer of earthy matter lying over the follicle, between it and the surface. These three are magnified 20 diameters. .—Horizontal section of a follicle, showing the folds of internal mem- brane. a. The layer of capillaries. b. Internal membrane. * c. Epithelium covering the follicles of the internal membrane. Magnified 50 diameters. .—A. Deep portion of the epidermis, showing the form of the epidermic scales, and the clear, homogeneous nuclei. B. Epithelium of a cutaneous follicle, showing the character of the epithelic cells and the granular nuclei, with some of the granular contents of the follicle. Magnified 300 diameters. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XII. ail Illustrating Mr. Currey’s paper on the reprints ee Fungi. Mig. 1.—A perithecium of the spheropsoid form of Spheria herbarum its mycelium, attached to a fragment of the cuticle of a dead s of Senecio Jacobeea, magnified about 110 diameters, 2,—Transverse section (magnified 110 diameters) of a similar perithecium, showing the spermatia in its interior. The knotty mycelium i still attached. 45 3.—Reproductive gemma, or conidia, which grow directly from thi } mycelium of Spheria herbarum, magnified 220 diameters. 4.—An ascus and sporidia of Spheria herbarum. The sporidia h hat germinated in the interior of the ascus, and have broken thro ng the membrane. Magnified 220 diameters. 5 and 6.—Germinating sporidia of Spheria herbarum. In fig. 5 are seem) globular vesicles at the extremity of short lateral branches. nified 220 diameters. 7.—Fragment of a germ-filament of a sporidium of Spheria herbarum, At the extremity of a short lateral branch a nucleus has been) formed, and a fresh germ-filament thrown out. 8.—A germinating sporidium of Spheria herbarwm, showing the for m tion of a lateral bud sitailer to those shown i in fig. ae Magnifi 220 diameters. : 9.—Asci and sporidia of Spheria herbarum, magnified 220 diahistord 10.—Ascus and sporidia of Spheria (complanata ?), magnified 220 dis meters. 11.—One out of a number of similar bodies found in the interior of th perithecia of Spheria complanata, magnified 220 diameters. 12.—Young states of asci of Spheria Cryptosporii, magnified 220 diameter 13.—(a), perfect asci, with sporidia of Spheria Oryptosporit. (b), a spo ridium from one of the asci. (c), a very young ascus. (qd), al ascus rather more advanced. (e), the most common form of spot of Cryptosporium vulgare. (f), another form of spore of th same plant. All magnified 220 diameters. 14.—Asci and sporidia of Spheria found growing with Cryptospord vulgare, magnified 220 diameters. | ‘Ford i West. Imp JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPICAL SCIENCE. PLATES XIII. ann XIV. Figures illustrating Mr. J. Glaisher’s Paper on Snow Crystals. Figs. 14 and 19 are not referred to in the paper: on these Mr, Glaisher adds the following notes :— Fie. 14.—On February 8th, the mean reading of the barometer at the height of 82 feet above the sea was 29°730 inches: the highest reading of the thermometer during the day was 32°, the lowest was 273°, and the mean temperature for the whole day was 80°, being 8° below the average of the same day. The temperature of the dew point was 29°. Snow was falling the whole of the day, with scarcely any intermission. Fie. 19.—On February 17th, the mean reading of the barometer at the height of 82 feet was 29°880 inches: the highest reading of the ther- mometer during the day was 334°, the lowest was 22°, and the mean for the whole day was 253°, being 133° below the average for the day. The mean temperature of the dew point was 193°. The sky was overcast till noon, and snow was falling occasionally. Journ., Pl. XIII. 70, Ss | Micro. Journ., Pl. XIV. “) fad SS TRANSACTIONS OF THE ICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY LONDON. NEW SERIES. VOLUME IL. LONDON: SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32, FLEET STREET. 1855. J LONDON! PRINTED BY W, CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET. INDEX TO TRANSACTIONS. VOLUME | iy (be A. Address of President of Microscopical Society, 37. C. Carpenter, W. B., F.R.S.. F.G.S., on the development of the embryo of Purpura lapillus, 17. a Address at Annual Meeting of Microscopical Society, 37. Chemical and visual foci of object- glasses, by F. H. Wenham, 1. Coincidence of the chemical and visual foci of the object-glasses, by F. H. Wenham, 1. Cosmarium margaritiferum, on, by Mrs. Herbert Thomas, 33. D. Development of the embryo of Pur- pura lapillus, by W. B. Carpenter, M.D., F.RBS., F.G.S., 17. Diatomaceous forms, remarkable group of, by W. Gregory, M.D., F.R.S.E., 10. Discovery of parasitic borings in fossil fish-scales, by C. B. Rose, EuGaS:, 7: E. Embryo of Purpura lapillus, develop- ment of, by W. B. Carpenter, M.D., Phd, F.G.S., 17. F. Farrants, Mr,, on Peters’ machine, 55. Furze, Mr., on polarised light, 63. G. Gregory, W., M.D., F.R.S.E., on a remarkable group of diatomaceous forms, with remarks on shape of outline as a specific character in the Diatomacee, 10. i Illumination of objects, 63. L. Light, Polarised, illumination of ob- jects by, Mr. Furze, on, 63. M. Machine for microscopic writing, 55. Microscopie objects, photographs of, 1 Microscopical Society, address of pre- sident of, 37; annual report of Transactions of, 65. 1? | Parasitic borings in fossil fish-scales, discovery of, by C. B. Rose, F.G.S., can Peters, Mr., machine for microscopic writing, Mr. Farrants on, 55. Photographs of microscopic objects, by F. H. Wenham, |. R. Remarkable group of diatomaceous forms, by W. Gregory, M.D., F.R.S.E., 10. Remarks on shape of outline as a specific eharacter of Diatomacea, by W. Gregory, M.D., F.R.S.E., 10, Rose, C. B., F.G.S., &¢e., on the dis- covery of parasitic borings in fossil fish-seales, 7. Ae Thomas, Mrs. Herbert, on Cosmarium margaritiferum, 33. Ww. Wenham, F, H., on obtaining photo- graphic objects, and the coincidence of the chemical and visual foci of the object-glass, 1. 4 . ig “ 7 OL , "1 arp Gee ieee + Shi tele eee “4 TRANSACTIONS OF THE OF LONDON. Some Remarks on obtaining Puorocrapus of Microscopic Oxssects, and on the Coincipence of the Cuemicat and Visuat Focr of the Opsect Giasses. By F. H. Wennam. (Read November 22nd, 1854.) 3 Z t _In this communication it is not my intention to give a detailed description of the well-known methods of obtaining micro- photographs, which have already been explained in the papers of Messrs. Delves, Shadbolt, and others, but merely to point | out a remedy for some of the difficulties that have hitherto been connected with the process. __ The main points in this paper were read at the last meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at Liverpool, but I have thought it proper to bring them forward again, as I believe that the principal number of those who have entered into the practice of this department of photo- | graphy are members of the Microscopical Society. _ As it is now upwards of two years since the announcement was first made, and from the few specimens that have been ‘produced since that period (many of which are in the hands of our Society), it may fairly be assumed that the practice of icroscopic photography has not become by any means uni- ersal, and, in fact, there are some amongst us who doubt whether the art can ever be usefully applied, or prove a sub- “stitute for the camera lucida. I should regret to see this application of the microscope abandoned, while it is still under the march of improvement, and while science can furnish us with new facts to facilitate the process. The con- clusion that I have arrived at, derived from my own practice, ds, that it is in general both easy with respect to manipulation, Tapid in production, and faithful in delineation, and I have a avourable opinion of its utility. There are some exceptional cases, which I shall notice. How far the specimens that I herewith present to the Society will bear me out in this assur- me VOL. III. b ean aif TRANSACTIONS OF THE -MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LON DON. Some Remarks on obtaining Puorocrarus of Microscopic Ossects, and on the CoincipENCE of the CuEmicaL and Visuat Foct of the Ossect Guasses. By F. H. Wenuam. (Read November 22nd, 1854.) In this communication it is not my intention to give a detailed description of the well-known methods of obtaiming micro- photographs, which have already been explained in the papers of Messrs. Delves, Shadbolt, and others, but merely to point out a remedy for some of the difficulties that have hitherto been connected with the process. The main points in this paper were read at the last meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at Liverpool, but I have thought it proper to bring them forward again, as I believe that the principal number of those who have entered into the practice of this department of photo- graphy are members of the Microscopical Society. As it is now upwards of two years since the announcement was first made, and from the few specimens that have been produced since that period (many of which are in the hands of our Society), it may fairly be assumed that the practice of Microscopic photography has not become by any means uni- versal, and, in fact, there are some amongst us who doubt whether the art can ever be usefully applied, or prove a sub- Stitute for the camera lucida. I should regret to see this application of the microscope abandoned, while it is still under the march of improvement, and while science can furnish us with new facts to facilitate the process. The con- clusion that I have arrived at, derived from my own practice, is, that it is in general both easy with respect to manipulation, rapid in production, and faithful in delineation, and I have a favourable opinion of its utility. ‘There are some exceptional cases, which I shall notice. How far the specimens that I herewith present to the Society will bear me out in this assur- _ VOL. III. b * 2 Wenuam, on Microscopie Photography. ance, others will probably be better able to judge than myeell I have not worked at it with sufficient diligence to make a choice selection, but have taken them as they came. I should judge that the whole of them, to the number of twenty-two had occupied about six hours of sunlight, of course including some failures. If the photographs are intended for illustration, it is re quisite that they should each be included in a given space The position of the sensitive surface must in consequence be made to vary, more or less, for every different object, accord: ing to its size. A range of from five to ten feet is oftentimes required. A box of this length is both inconvenient and cumbrous, and it is a matter of some difficulty to get access the furthest end for the purpose of focussing the object accu rately. For these and other reasons, I have altogether aban doned the use of the microscope camera, and given the preference to the method herein described. In the first place, it may be proper to offer a few remarks on the subject of the illuminating source, as I haye tried man experiments with the view of obtaining an artificial light sui able for photographic purposes. A light may appear strongly luminous, and yet possess but a feeble degree of photographi¢ intensity ; and I have not yet succeeded in producing a satisfa tory result from either gas, oil, or camphine lamps. Burning phosphorus will give a more rapid impression, but its use is both inconvenient t and expensive. Fine zinc turnings, burnt in atmospheric air, equal or surpass this; a ball of about three quarters of an inch in diameter will last a sufficient time give a distinct impression. As it is of no consequence whethe the light is intermittent or not, I have produced an image from a succession of electric sparks, arising from the spon taneous discharge of a small Leyden jar, containing about thirty inches of coated surface, the discharging knobs being place in the axis of the lenses for condensing the light upon the object. The electric spark contains a large proportion of th actinic rays ; I found that about one hundred discharges pre duced a good impression, The electric light between charea points I have not yet tried. In a few instances I have use the hydro-oxygen, or lime light, but I consider that it does not possess that degree of actinic intensity which its brillian and appearance would seem to indicate. : It has been proved that the two latter may be successfully applied for obtaining photographic impressions, but they ar both troublesome and too much out of the way of the miex scopist to be generally useful. I have merely mentioned these experiments with the vie Wennam, on Microscopic Photography. 3 f recording them for the guidance of other experimentalists, for I have a strong belief that such an investigation may end 2a useful result. There can be no doubt that it is a desi- ‘deratum to discover a composition for a photographic fusée, so to term it, that will burn for a sufficient period of time, and with the requisite actinic intensity for obtaining, not only microscopic impressions, but also nocturnal, or underground photographs. I trust, therefore, that this subject may be taken m hand by some one more practically conversant with the details of pyrotechnic chemistry than myself. There is no light that has hitherto been found that will give results at all equal to those to be obtained by the use of sun- ight. The method that I have adopted for applying it, is simply fo use the ordinary table microscope as a solar one. ‘A room is ‘selected, to the window of which sunlight must have free access ; this is closed by a shutter, having an aperture at the lower end nt about three inches in diameter ; below this is when the microscope body is in a iste aeel position, its axis may coincide with the centre of the aperture in the shutter. stened around a hole in the shutter; in this case the mirror may be mounted entirely in a wooden frame. With this arrangement the course of proceeding is as fol- lows: having clamped and adjusted the object on the stage f the microscope, place it horizontally against the aperture in the shutter, remove the eye-piece, and throw sunlight hrough the object by means of the solar reflector ; lay a black cloth around the microscope so as to stop out all extraneous Hlight; then, by properly focussing, a distinct image may be obtained upon a paper screen held at various distances. _ The stand for supporting the collodion plate consists of a vertical piece of board with a heavy base; the excited plate is held on to this by means of two undercut fillets at right- angles to each other. The stand may be set at various dis- tances along the horizontal bench, which also serves as a support for the microscope. _ Phe operation of taking the photograph is, first to adjust the mirror for light, and then to focus the image on a card placed a the plane of the collodion surface ; next remove the card and y it against the body of the microscope, so as to stop off all ht; then drop the sensitive plate into its place, snatch the rd away, and quickly replace it again, so as to let the i image the object fall upon the plate: a fraction of a second is tentimes sufficient. I prefer a rather slow collodion, and if q b2 q Wennam, on Microscopie Photography. the weather is warm develop with a half-grain solution o pyrogallic acid. For the lowest powers, it is oftentimes not necessary to us any arrangement for condensing the sunlight upon the object. the simple reflection from the plane mirror being sufficient but the half-inch object-glass, and upwards, requires a bull’s eye lens of about three inches in diameter. If the objects ar small and delicate, such as the Diatomacee, the achromati condenser must be used in combination. I should mentio that a piece of yellow glass must be let into the uppe portion of the shutter, transmitting enough light to manipu late by. Having briefly described the method of operating, I wi state what I consider to be its peculiar advantages. Th object is focussed with great facility and certainty. We ar in some cases, enabled to obtain an impression of an obje mounted so as to be out of a flat plane ; in some instances, bj the convenience afforded for inclining the sensitive plate every angle relative to the optic axis, and in others by focu sing two or more separate times. For example, suppose th object to be a Fly’s foot, one of the pads of which lies in lower plane, and is consequently out of focus; while the i pression of the first half is being taken, the next which is o of focus can be stopped off with a card; the second focus i then taken, and the first impressed portion of the object o scured: thus by a diversified series of paper stops, we m approximately represent the entire form of an object, t whole of which cannot be seen, except by a series of three four focal adjustments. A very great number of microscopic preparations are organized as to be composed of parts which require differe periods of exposure to produce a perfect impression; so parts will be barely defined, while others are utterly solaris and lost from over exposure. ‘The method that I have e plained affords especial facilities for stopping off the m tender portions, As it is requisite for the purpose of ensuring quick a accurate focussing, together with the most distinct impressio that the actinic and visual foci of the objective should be coi cident, I give the result of my investigations on this poi For the highest powers the difference is sometimes so small to render the correction a matter of trifling importance; b with the 4 inch, 1 inch and 14 inch, the distance is ve considerable ; in fact, the more perfect the object-glass microscopic purposes, the less is it suited for a photograp lens. The object-glasses are invariably what is technical Wenuam, on Microscopie Photography. 5 ermed *‘ over corrected ;” for the point of convergence of the shemical rays near the most refrangible or blue end of the pectrum, lies beyond the visual focus. I have an objective sorrected specially for these rays, and though perfect for pho- fographic purposes, yet on account of its being non-achromatic, it is unsuited for microscopic investigation. _ The simplest and cheapest way of producing the required legree of ‘‘ under correction,” is to screw a biconvex lens into he place of the back stop of the object-glass, acting as part its optical combination For Smith and Beck’s 14 inch, I 5 inches, which also serves for the 4-10th inch ; these bring ‘back the actinic to the exact position of the visual focus, any material extent, and the increase of distinctness in the shotographs obtained by means of the application of this additional lens is most striking. It must not be supposed that the focal lengths that I have here given of the correcting lenses will in all instances serve for the objectives above named, for the correction will probably require a lens of a different focus for every different object- /glass; it is, perhaps, best to be provided with several of them, s their cost is but trifling. Those that I have made use of have been selected from ordinary spectacle lenses, most care- i fully centered and turned down to the required size. Some remarks have been published on the possibility of btaining stereoscopic pictures of microscopic objects by eans of the “binocular microscope,” but the ordinary in- rument will answer every purpose without any optical dition whatever, for it has been shown* that if the object self be viewed alternately with the right and left half of the bject-glass without any altering of its position, the difference form of the resulting images assimilates to the effect of a different angle of vision; and if two photographs of the object btained by the separate halves of the object-glass be placed n the stereoscope, they will give an appearance of solidity © the object. The only addition that is required to produce this effect is to fix a sliding stop close behind the objective, aving straight edges that will cut off either the right or left land sides ; a photographic impression being taken at the two ‘tremes. If the object-glass be one of considerable aperture, put one-third only of the diameter may be cut off, which ll be sufficient to give the difference of form required for the eoscopic image. * ‘Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,’ for July, 1853. 6 Wenuam, on Microscopic Photography. It is most remarkable how an impression of the finest details of an object, or the markings on even the most difficult tests, may be obtained by means of the photographic microscope, and so definitely that I have used it for proving their struc- ture.* The application of photography to the delineation of microscopic objects is somewhat limited, not by any diffi- culties or defects in the process, but by occasional peculiarities of colour, or transparency in the objects themselves. Many insect, animal, and vegetable structures, though sufficiently transparent to the eye, are absolutely opaque to the actinic rays. I possess a specimen of a parasitic insect of a dark red tinge, and in which a splendid internal tracheal system can be discerned. I have tried every means of obtaining a pho- tographic representation of this, but without success. With all periods of exposure the object appears as a mere blank space, or like a hole cut in a sheet of paper. Until further discoveries have removed these difficulties, the application of microphotography must be to some extent restricted, as many objects are for this reason excluded. All structures dependent upon outline or opacity, such as sections of bone and wood, vegetable fibres, &c., may be delineated with ease and certainty. 4 In conclusion, [ will enumerate the peculiar advantages of my method: first, the use of the ordinary microscope as a solar one, a dark room serving as a substitute for a camera; the additional apparatus required will cost but a few shillings, Second, the method of obtaining the combination of the che- mical and visual foci, which I have found to be of great practical utility ; third, the mode of obscuring for a time the parts of the object either easily solarised and lost, or out 0 focus. I have not advanced these as mere speculations, but have submitted them successfully to the test of repeated trial. { may also remark that when sunlight is to be obtained, I have found the practice of microscopic photography to be one of particular certainty, for unlike other branches, the con- ditions of light are so favourable and definite, that an impres- sion may always be obtained ; and though the present state of the science in this department is admitted to be imperfect, yet there can be no question that it is still progressive, * Within the last few days I have succeeded in obtaining a photo graphic impression of the P. angulatum, magnified about jifteen thousa ‘ diameters, showing the configuration of the markings perfectly black and distinct in a far greater degree than we can ever hope to see them through the compound microscope ; and it is my opinion, that if ever the structure of these difficult tests is to be proved it will be by the aid of photograph V. =| Rose, on Parasitic Borings in Fossil Fish-scales. 7 ‘and in my proposals for removing some of the defects of pre- ‘vious methods, I yenture to hope that the results may here- after show that I have contributed my mite towards the advancement of the art. On the Discovery of Parasitic Bortnes in Fossit Fisu- 4 scaLEs. By C.B. Ross, F.G\S., &c. (Read June 28th, 1854.) ‘Tue subject of the communication which I bring before the Microscopical Society, through the favour of my friend Pro- fessor Quekett, is the discovery of parasitical borings within ‘the delicate structure of fossil fish-scales. The history of my detection of these workings is as follows : —In the winter of 1851, when examining fossil fish-scales from the chalk strata of this neighbourhood, it struck me— as many of them were thin and translucent, particularly those of cycloid fishes—that they might make interesting micro- scopic objects; and I sent up to Norman, in the City Road— a well-known preparer of specimens for the microscope—a small piece of chalk with scales adhering to it, requesting him to put a few upon glasses for me. In consequence of their thinness and brittle texture, he succeeded in affixing a por- tion of two scales only. Upon examining them, I observed that one of them exhibited elegant arborizations, extending over a large portion of the scale; in the other scale no such branching figures were visible; nothing, indeed, was seen but a yellowish, translucent substance, traversed by equidis- tant lines, evidently the lines of growth; similar lines were also seen traversing the portion of scale containing the beau. tiful arborizations. (See Plate L., fig. 1.) __ Tat first thought the ramifications were on the surface of e scale, and imagined they might be minute coralloid bodies ; wt upon applying to them a power of 1-8th, | became satis- ed that they were tubes of some kind within the texture of e scale; and by varying the focus, and passing in review different parts of the scale, I ascertained that they were situ- ated between its lamine, Still, I could not conceive their origin ; for | was convinced they had nothing to do with the Natural structure of the scale, from there being nothing of the d to be seen in the other scale, and both of them cycloid cales (Osmeroides ?). | _ Not very long after meeting with this interesting specimen, Iwas so fortunate as to receive from Mr. Wetherell, of High- gate, a paper, published in the ‘ Annals of Natural History,’ ‘by Mr. Morris, of Kensington, entitled “ Palaontological * ¥ — 8 Ross, on Parasitic Borinys in Fossil Fish-scales. Notes,” in which he described, under the name of Talpina, branching bodies, or rather the casts of branching tubes, met with in the Belemnite from the upper chalk, adding also ex- cellent lithographed figures of them. On the perusal of this paper, and inspection of the illustrations, I was instantly satisfied that the ramifying tubes I had found in the fish- scales were of the same nature as those met with in Belem- nites,* although the former are so much more delicate than the latter. The illustrations accompanying this communication will afford you a better idea of the course and configuration of these borings than any description which I can give; still, I may say, that they proceed between the delicate lamine o the scale in a graceful curve to their extremities, branching off on either side, and terminating in a symmetrically-formed dilatation or cell, and they do not frequently inoscolate. The beginnings of the tubes are occasionally confluent, as seen in fiz. 1a, at ¢; in other instances they commence solitarily, and the parasite, having formed a few lateral branches, has appa- rently terminated its labours abruptly. It seems, also, that it has sometimes passed from one lamina into another; thus taking a transverse direction, or one perpendicular to the lamine, which is made manifest by the microscope, now and then detecting a transverse section of a bore. Fig. la ex- hibits a detached fragment of the original specimen; viz., the one in which the borings were first discovered ; upon it the lines of growth are well marked. The discovery of the above interesting fact led me to the examination of fossil scales from other fishes, and the next I selected were the scales of Prionolepis angustus, a ganoid fish, from the lower chalk. I was not long in meeting with the depredations of its parasite; but, you will observe, on ex- amining fig. 3, that its operations are of a very different character to those in the osmeroid scale exhibited in fig. 13 for, in this instance, the tubes proceed in a slightly wavy form, with the lateral branches passing off at a consider- able angle, and occasionally at right angles; they extend also to a greater Jength than those in the first specimen ; still, there cannot be a doubt of their having a similar origin. ; Proceeding with my researches, I took another scale from the lower chalk, of a thicker substance, therefore, possibly from a placoid fish, but being a very imperfect specimen I cannot say which it is, ganoid or placoid ; it is, at least, from a different genus to Prionolepis. Here, again, I met with * It is singular that no traces of them have been observed in the Belemnites of the Jurassic series.—Von Hayenow, Rose, on Parasitic Borings in Fossil Fish-scales. 9 borings, and so greatly resembling those in the last-examined scale (fig. 3), I must, therefore, consider its parasite but a variety of the one which infested that scale. This specimen is represented by fig. 4; the decussating lines shown are probably markings peculiar to that kind of scale. Pursuing this interesting inquiry, I next took a scale found in the shale of the Kimmeridge clay, and in it I met with another form of the parasitic workings; for, in the first place, they are of a larger calibre, and their form is more decidedly dichotomous. See fig. 5. The figures given from this scale clearly show that the parasite inhabited layers deeper than the external one; indeed, this circumstance was manifest in some of my first specimens. With the view of determining whether similar depredations are committed upon the scales of living fishes, I have carefully examined numerous scales of several different marine and fresh-water fishes ; and I have not met with a vestige of borings of any kind in a single instance. To what form of organism, vegetable or animal, are we to attribute these remarkable operations? We are, I am aware, fully cognizant of the invasion of recent corals, shells, and bones, by boring sponges (Clionz) and Conferve.* But those intruders, although comparatively small, have their workings in most cases visible to the unassisted eye; whereas, in the instances which I have brought before you, most of them require a magnifying power of 1-4th to enable us to trace their course with any degree of distinctness. In my first specimen (fig. 1, Plate I.), the borings of which I took great ins to measure, I estimated their calibre at about one 2-1000th to 4-1000th of an inch. I learn from Mr. Morris’s paper, before referred to, that M. von Hagenow has, under the name of Talpina, “arranged certain problematical branching bodies, which traverse the spathose guard of the Belemnite, and whose position in the animal kingdom has not been defined, whether as belonging to the Annelides or to the boring-sponges.”” From the mi- nuteness of the agent effecting the borings within the fish- seales, 1 am more disposed to attribute them to the operations of infusorial parasites, rather than to the growth of sponges or conferve ; particularly when I consider that the ocean de- positing the calcareous mud must have been the habitat of . of Infusoria of infinitesimal calibre.+ __ * See Professor Quekett’s Lectures on the Histology of Animals, vol. ii. pp. wey 153, &. at Since reading the above paper, I have found abundance of borings in a scale from the mud of the river Oran, in Algeria.—C. B. R * ‘vl % 10 Grecory, on a remarkable Group. { On a RemarKkastE Group of Diatomaceous’ Forms, with Remarks on SHAPE or OUTLINE as a SPECIFIC CHARACTER in the Diatomacex. By Writram Grecory, M.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Chemistry. (Read October 28th, 1854.) Axout a year ago I first noticed, in a gathering from Dud- dingston Loch, a Navicula of nearly an oval form, with broad, obtuse apices, which differed from all the Navicule known to me. The striation was peculiar and strongly marked, the striae being about 16 in -001”, highly inclined everywhere, except just about the middle, where the inclined striz seemed to decussate, leaving, of course, a triangular space on each side of the centre, while in these triangular spaces the striz were parallel and transverse. This arrangement, as we shall see, occurs in several species of Navicula and Pinnularia. The form here alluded to was referred to different species, and even to different genera, by different friends whom I con- sulted; some regarding it as a form of Navicula semen, while others supposed it to be related to Pinnularia gracilis, or to P. radiosa. But its aspect was totally distinct from that of the species named, which, moreover, all have from 24 to 26 strie in *O01”. Meantime other forms occurred, with the same number and arrangement of the striz, and with the same peculiar aspect, but of different outline. Some were nearly rhombi short, and rather broad; some were longer, also nearly rhom- bic, but with a contraction and subsequent expansion at the apices, thus becoming more or less subcapitate. Others were nearly linear, with obtuse ends; others linear and subcapitate, Some were found with nearly straight sides, and acuminate, ending in small apiculi; while others had curved sides, con- tracted to narrow and produced ends. In some cases these’ produced ends terminated in round knobs; in others in acute points. Some again had straight sides, with contracted end; terminating in round heads, In the whole of the forms now mentioned, I observed the same characters, the same number and arrangement of the striz, and the same aspect. On examination it appeared that the stria were really moniliform, though not obviously so to the eye, having rather a smooth soft aspect than any appear ance of eranulation. é During the whole year new forms, agreeing with thos‘ already mentioned in every point but that of outline, w from time to time observed. In another Duddingston Lo gathering, | found in abundance a very fine one, accompani by others, such as those represented in figs. 1, 18, 28, Pl. I of Diatomaceous Forms. ll - Ina gathering from the vicinity of Oban I found several ; ‘one very near the original oval form, but with flattened apices, and a slight tendency to constriction just within them. These last, which closely resemble Pinnularia oblonga, shortened, and rather broader in proportion, are frequent in a Norfolk gathering sent me by Mr. Bleakley, in which occur also several others. _ The Oban gathering contains also various other forms of this group, one of which has precisely the form and size of Pinnularia acuta, and as that species occurs along with it, the ‘two forms are easily compared and distinguished. Here also ccur forms appreaching nearly to that of Pinnularia pere- grina, although in a purely fresh-water gathering. In another similar gathering from a bog in Ayrshire, there is abundance of a form not to be distinguished from P. pere- grina, along with others of the outline of P. acuta, P. radiosa, ss I now began to suspect that these forms might all belong to one species, for on close inspection I found a very large num- ber of intermediate or transition forms. I, therefore, named the supposed type Navicula varians, and continued to search for its modifications. In the Glenshira sand, although not very abundant, it ex- hibits all the forms as yet enumerated, but chiefly those which have an outline allied to that of Pinnularia gracilis, but twice or thrice as large, and to that of P. peregrina. These forms and several others I have since found abundantly in the recent mud or sand deposited by the Dhu Loch, near the mouth of the Glenshira, the lake which when at a higher level in the valley, deposited the Glenshira sand described in the last number of this Journal. _ Having received from the Rev. Professor Smith, in Sep- tember, a slide, of fresh-water origin, in which Navicula warians, of the type of Pinnularia peregrina, was very abun- dant, | begged Mr. Smith to examine the form, which he found, as in all the other types of WN. vartans which he had ‘Seen, to have moniliform striz. He then extended the inquiry to the typical Pinnularia peregrina, and found that it also had, at all events in many instances, moniliform striz. From this, ‘I concluded, that in all probability Pinnularia peregrina was at all times only a type of NW. varians. 1 believe Mr. Smith intends to change the generic name of P. peregrina to Navicula. It seems to me in the highest degree probable, that Pinnu- laria oblonga is nothing else than another type of NV. varians. For the form (fig. 1) does not differ from P. oblonga, except in length, every other detail being identical in the two forms ; zo 12 Grecory, on a remarkable Group and although I cannot say that I have seen the moniliform character of the strie either in fig. 1, or in P. oblonga, I believe that this has been seen in the former. If so, any one who compares the two forms which occur together, both in the Oban gathering, and in Mr. Bleakley’s gathering from Norfolk, will see that the latter can hardly fail to exhibit the same character. I have not myself been able as yet to attempt the resolution of these striz with any refinement of appliances, and therefore I must leave this point for future examination. I have still to notice one more type, which I first observed in a gathering from Lochleven, where it is very scarce, but which is frequent in a second and distinct gathering of Mr. Bleakley’s from Norfolk. It is rather small, and either of a short and very broad oval form, or absolutely discoid, but has all the characters of the group. It is seen in fig. 17. At first I supposed it to be distinct, but I have since been led to suspect that it is only a form of the group I have described, This, however, is by no means certain. On the one hand, it seems to be certainly a Navicula, although in this point of view its orbicular form is very remarkable. It also varies to ovals of different proportions, and it has exactly the striation of the first observed form of WV. varians (fig. 25), to which, indeed, in shape, the oval varieties approach very closely. On the other hand its variations are, so far as I have yet seen, confined within rather narrow limits ; and its form is so striking, that I had named it at one time Navicula orbicularis. Since the preceding sentences were written, | have been informed that this species was some time since named by Mr. Smith Navicula scutelloides. So far as 1 know, it has only occurred as yet in the two localities I have mentioned ; namely, Norfolk and Lochleven. ' We have now mentioned most of the observed types of NW. varians, so far, at least, as they present the characteristic stria- tion and aspect; and although all the forms I have named may not be found to belong to it, yet it appears that there exists a large group, characterised by a very peculiar aspect and striation, the number of stria varying only from about 14 in ‘001” in the larger to 18 in -001” in the smaller forms} the usual number being 16. This group seems to include several which have been con- sidered as distinct species, such as Pinnularia (Navicula) peregrina, and other forms, referred to Mavicula semen, rhyncocephala, Pinnularia gracilis, P. radiosa, &c., althoug in these three species the normal striation is 26 in *O01’ But there are even more of the forms of this group which ar undescribed, such as the round and oval forms ; that whic of Diatomaceous Forms. 13 resembles a shortened P. oblonga; that which occurs in Dud- dingston Loch; the subcapitate forms; the capitate forms with straight sides; that having the form of P. acuta; and various others. If these two classes of forms, the known and the unde- scribed, really constitute one group, we find in that group nearly every shape which is seen in the genera Navicula and Pinnularia ; and also transition forms, connecting together the various types. The question naturally arises: Can all these varied forms belong to one species? Now, at one time, certainly, each marked type of form would have been regarded as a distinct species. But the more extended observations of recent times have proved that form, shape, or outline, is not nearly so permanent a character as had been imagined. In a paper on the Mull Deposit (¢ Journal,’ January 1854,) I pointed out, and illustrated by some figures, the remarkable tendency to variety of form in three species, namely, Eunotia bigibba, Kiitz: Pinnularia divergens, W. Smith, and Himantidium bidens. I alluded also to the same tendency in Eunotia triodon ; and I again returned to the same point in this last species, ina short paper in the ‘ Journal’ for July, 1854. Other examples are not wanting ; and the more the Diatomacez are studied, the more do we perceive that, in many species at least, the shape or outline is subject to endless variations. It certainly appears at present as if, inmany species, the form were constant : but we must be cautious in affirming this, for in two species which I adduced as examples of constancy in outline, namely, Navicula rhomboides, and N. serians, we have now good reason to believe that important variations of shape occur. Just as NV. peregrina seems to belong to the group of WN. varians, ‘so it appears that NV. Crassinervia will prove to belong to N. rhomboides ; and that a form, apparently yet more widely differing from the latter, namely, that which I have lately described* under the name of J. interrupta, which is linear, harrow and obtuse, may be found to be another modification of WN. rhomboides. The Revd. Professor Smith has also very recently detected a modification of JV. sertans, most remarkably different in shape from the usual type. It will probably be found necessary, looking to the uniformity of markings and aspect in the forms here described, and to the existence of such numbers of transition forms con- necting the various types of outline, to form a species, WNavicula varians, including these forms as sub-species ; or _ * In a paper read to the Microscopical Society, 25th of October last, Which will appear in the next Number of the ‘ Journal.’ 14 Grecory, on a remarkable Group else to form a subgenus, characterised by its markings, that is, by its structure, including, as species, the chief types of outline to be found in the group. Some system of sub- division must be employed, in order to avoid confusion. I dare not venture, in the present imperfectly investigated con- dition of these forms, to prepare a permanent nomenclature for them. I content myself with directing attention to the subject, merely using the name NV. varians as a convenient symbol for the group. I entertain no doubt that other analogous groups will be detected by careful examination. It is quite plain that in such groups form, shape, or outline cannot be regarded as a trustworthy specific character, although it is probable that many species exist in which the form, being constant, may be safely used in this way. It is an important question how far other characters, such as the number of the striae, or their arrangement, or the general aspect, may be depended on as specific characters, In this case, as in that of form, there seem to be many examples in which the characters are constant. But yet other cases occur where the tendency to vary seems to extend to these characters also. Thus, I have more than once pointed out that Pinnularia divergens, W. Smith, which, as it occurs in the Premnay peat, has, according to W. Smith, 11 striz in 001”, occurs abundantly in the Mull deposit, and in many recent gatherings, with every detail, and especially the very peculiar arrangement of the striz, which have three centres of divergence, precisely as figured in the Synopsis, while the number of strie is from 24 to 26 in :001". I have now repeatedly met with both varieties, and although the number of striae seems never to fall so low as stated by Mr. Smith, yet there is a very marked difference. It would be out of place here to enter minutely on this question, which, however, is well worthy of attention. It will probably be found that in certain cases none of the characters above alluded to are constant ; while in many they appear to have a great degree of uniformity. : But it is strictly within the scope of this paper to notice a group allied to that of WV. varians, and differing from it chiefly in the number of striz. : I have already stated that some of the forms now figured had been referred to such species as JV. semen, N. rhyncocepha P. gracilis, and P. radiosa, in all of which the normal numb of strie is from 24 to 26 in ‘001." r) Now, I find, occurring generally with those forms which I refer to the group of WV. varians, others, having, like them, all or most of the varied shapes I have alluded to, and yet —_ of Diatomaceous Forms. 15 a? finer striz; in fact, agreeing in this respect with the ur species just named. To this group belong the form figured in my paper on the Mull deposit as Pinnularia exigua ; jthat figured in the same paper as a doubtful form of P. radiosa, or between that species and P. peregrina, and a onsiderable number of other forms, which not only have the striz inclined and otherwise arranged exactly as in WN. varians, fbut pass into one another by intermediate forms. Their aspect is quite distinct from that of NV. varians, because the stria, being much finer, cease to be conspicuous, as they are so | remarkably i in NV. varians. To this group belongs also a form I lately described * as WN. latiuscula, and I am inclined to Bbelieve that the group includes N. semen, N. rhyncocephala, P. gracilis, P. radiosa, and others, just as I suspect that the oup of WN. varians includes N. peregrina and P. (qy N 2) oblonga. In favour of this supposition, I may mention that a friend informs me that the strie of P. gracilis have been found by him to be moniliform, although the fact may not yet be thoroughly established. This, it will be observed, corres- ponds to Mr. Smith’s observation on the striz of P. peregrina. tis well known that the striz in P. gracilis are somewhat obscure, and that in this, as well as in number, they differ from hose of N. varians. But we can now see how it was that several of the forms of NV. varians were referred to P. gracilis. fhe latter, with its normal striation, appears to belong to ithe second group which I have mentioned, and which, or convenience, may be called N. mutabilis. It will be observed that if, in the case of NV. varians, the two characters of variableness of outline and variableness in the number of striz should be found united, N. varians and . mutabilis would then constitute but one group, divided, in the first instance, into those with 16 strie in -001” or WN. arians, and those with 26 strie in ‘001,” or N. mutabilis, whether these divisions be regarded as species, or as subgenera. _I have only farther to add, at present, that both these groups are widely distributed and often abundant, whether in the shape of the known species, such as P. peregrina, P. gracilis, &c., or in that of the types now first pointed out, J have named those gatherings or deposits in which they occur most abundantly ; ; but there are few mixed fresh-water gather- ings in which some of them do not occur. I have it, ortunately, i in my power to supply observers with some of the most interesting gatherings, and I shall be happy to forward small portions of these, or slides, where the material is very scanty, to such microscopists as may wish to examine them, as * In the paper already alluded to in a preceding necte. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I. in Fossil Fish-scales. Fig. 1.—Borings in a cycloid scale (Osmeroides?), from the lower chalk oi West Norfolk. la magnified 35 diameters. At c, in this figure, is shown the confluence of two tubes at their commencement. 143, a por- tion more highly magnified. : 2.—Borings in another scale, magnified 135 diameters. 3.—Borings in a svale of Prionolepis angustus, from the lower cha magnified 135 diameters. 4,—A variety of the last, from another scale, perhaps placoid, obtained from the lower chalk. bs 5.—Borings in fragments of a Fish-scale, from shales of Kimmeridge clay. 7 a,a. The specimen from which these are taken has lost the external lamina, therefore the borings lie between the twe lamine, or in an inferior one. b,b. This specimen has the external lamina on it. c. The external lamina is in this figure situated at d. cay (2) Mocs Le. Doe CANT. LlL Ford & West, Imp a vd mle 2 On the DevEtormeENT of the Empryo of Purpura Lapittus. ~ By Writram B. Carrenter, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., Presi- dent of the Microscopical Society of London, &c. &e. (Read December 29th, 1854.) Nortwirustanpine the large amount of attention which has been given by Microscopists, during the last twenty years, to the development of the ova of Gasteropod Mollusks, and the completeness with which, in particular cases, its successive stages have been observed, much still remains to be learned respecting it. And this is more especially the case with re- gard to the Pectinibranchiate order, which includes not only a very large proportion of the entire class, but also comprehends those forms which, by general consent, would be regarded as its types. For nearly all the most complete series of observa- itions yet made, have had for their subjects either Nudibran- chiate or Pulmonated Mollusks; the ova of the former pre- senting peculiar facilities for examination, in virtue of their extreme transparency, and the rapidity with which they undergo some of their most important changes, so that these can be watched while in actual progress ;* and those of the latter aaving attracted the attention of that large class of naturalists, who, not having the opportunity of sojourning at the coast, re glad to avail themselves of the opportunities afforded by he universal diffusion of Helices, Lymnai, &c., for the prose- ‘cution of this kind of research.+ * On the embryonic development of Nudibranchiate and Tectibranchiate Fasteropods, see especially the admirable memoir of Vogt, on o8> I dordw a3 lo 1sdte VSS nsdt erpprmar arena sd ot ak ehrowretls i josrdo oct tasla edi obam sved I bering tart @ bai sii tp oved bas foitsviaedy & -wod jsodiiw »wom es sm dsone doulw oniiityne idk: ¥itt mou emotesionos werh of nah soy weak i sgbolwond sigooeoisim toshsami Yara JosTiesni svoiqae te bots ef .Iéél yieusdeT of 1i wae tert I ge s yd bsiquoco esw stins> dt aisd. doso af slidw ,esiunerg enivom oiiw ‘balla (heneosiead jon bib aslunsrg od TD) .esbie anol od? is stewe ovo iisdt ot tg 6 ind .tusiq ofl dguords otaluc abiosb ton bline 1 Wives 10 ped 8 Bares Bow | re set sid in Ble ¢ Sslodw + i 1990 oniniiswe 91 & eft unrgnitd »ooot to noilsisils of sub sed eved yen 4 To ; iduke otar itas Simmorg siom elk daslq ad} jo diworg vise di nt snnotohtib ontoa -s1109 bewode 0 bas @ .agi nt betaseotqsT emomt @ .gft I .gh otal gnigolevob 8 2A 259 enonad) yor doidw ai totsw ordi hovreeonq «int gnignsdo ylisuntiaos yd bre ; tasbands ude aisiie9 lo aoitoslloss7 ym mor litaed ain -09 ted3 Anidd | .os9e ylienownn0 sone ovad i esw I tod :tomome odt anianh 6 alg ‘srodai 9 sibinee(™ sdt to “nigneioge ont dtie bosminupa gariqe tied! deol 2taslq odPto yaem ,boonsvbe * soustaogaGs ot einsesiqer OF ‘on 2 mopar po, Anuide dover Yusy 2aw soar eran 19001 ‘ont exodfe ti svitos ni }) allem gosTg silt lo oltil s (lao ¢ videdorg soeqes embiies oe Tig z10m beainees 2100 9 .gf al mac’ noone nworlt idgil ed? to 1" ( 33) Observations on Cosmarium MarGaRITIFERUM and other Ders- mMiDE®. By Mrs. Hersert THomas, Bristol. Communi- cated by Dr, CarrPEntEr. (Read January 24th, 1855.) In the month of February, 1851, while watching, for the first time, in the Zygnema, the curious phenomenon of conjugation, my attention was attracted by a beautiful object passing with a slow, unsteady motion over the field of the microscope; at the same time I observed that in its interior small granules were moving with extreme rapidity, resembling a swarm of bees more than any other object to which I can compare it. This plant I afterwards knew to be Cosmarium margaritife- rum. From that period I have made this plant the object of my constant observation, and have at the time recorded by delineation anything which struck me as new, without, how- ever, endeavouring to draw conclusions from my observations, which, from my imperfect microscopic knowledge, I knew might too often prove incorrect. The plant, as I first saw it in February 1851, is figured at Plate V., fig. 3. In each half, the centre was occupied by a vesicle (as it appeared) filled with moving granules, while smaller vesicles were at the four sides. The granules did not appear to circulate through the plant, but kept to their own place, which was either a bag or cavity, | could not decide which. In fig. 1, subsequently drawn, 1 have recorded that the granules were swarming over the whole plant. This may possibly have been due to alteration of focus, bringing the larger granules more prominently into sight; or it may have arisen from some difference in the early growth of the plant, as the specimens represented in figs. 8 and 9 showed corre- sponding differences, fig. 8 developing into fig. 1, fig. 9 into fig. 3. I now carefully preserved the water in which my Cosma- rium was tolerably abundant; and by continually changing it, kept the plants healthy. From my recollection of certain bodies which I have since occasionally seen, I think that con- jugation may have taken place during the summer; but I was Not then acquainted with the sporangia of the Desmidie. As the summer advanced, many of the plants lost their spring beauty and active motion; fig. 10 represents the appearance of some ; in others the inner membrane was very much shrunk, containing only a little of the green matter, or if in active life, the colours assumed more of an autumn aspect, probably from the colour of the light thrown upon them. In fig. 6 d VOL. III. 34 Observations on Cosmarium Margaritiferum. the contents of the inner bag had so much distended them- — selves, that the bead-like margin of the outer case was lost,.* — In this figure I have represented as accurately as possible, 3 the appearance presented on November 12th. On this plant : I noted—“ The motion very active, and the plant apparently in a healthy condition, The outer membrane quite plain, — but certainly the same plant as the others. When fresh water was introduced, around the object, the outer membrane — remained immoyeable, while the imner was pushed into a globe. The granules escaped one night, and the plant. as- sumed much the appearance of fig. 10.” In the followmg spring I figured fig. 5, which appeared to me early develop- ment of the masses of swarming granules; and fig. 2, which, in the same month (February 1852), was the most usual appearance and colour, becoming darker and fuller-as the spring advanced. In the summer of 1851, 1 applied iodine to fig. 3, when the granules ran with extreme rapidity into four balls, as represented in fig. 7; I also tried to find out their nature by pressing them out of the plant. In thisT was unsuccessful, as the contents mingled rapidly with the other vegetable forms in the water. 1 satisfied myself, how ever, that they escaped at the centre of the plant, from ‘ohicll part the contents escape to form the sporangia, as I afterwards discovered. As I frequently found plants resembling fig. 4 I .concluded that when the plant was mature the granules escaped of themselves. dt: In September 1851, 1 had the pleasure of observing ano~ ther change in these ‘beautiful plants. At one-o’clock two hemispheres of a plant separated, as figured in fig. 1 the transparent hemispheres protruded between the origi halves, containing only colourless granules, At six,o’cl the.four parts were nearly equal in size, and the green ge evenly divided, though faint in colour. At eleven n morning, the whole had assumed a healthy, vigorous ap ance, as at fig. 12. Soon after, a restless motion was visible ; and at twelve o’clock the plants were freeing themselves from an enclosing membrane (13), which had first appeared in fig. 11. At one o’clock the plants had escaped, and. mowes freely off into the surrounding water, leaving their old enye- lopes, which, in the following spring (1852), when my plan were very healthy and active, J found in great numbers im water. 1 suppose that the time taken on this occasion (twer * This observation is an important one, if it be quite sure that the specimen observed was C. margaritiferum : it may be questioned, how: ever, whether it was not a specimen of ©, Ralfsii, which ‘Had! foun m way amidst the others:—W. B. CO, olf Observations on Cosmarium Margaritiferum. 35 _ feur hours) might be about an average time required for sub- division; but the period required for the ripening of the moving granules, I cannot in the least calculate. I took a plant in apparently full maturity, and watched it for a fort- night; but I could trace no change in its appearance, nor did the granules weary in their motion, either in sunlight or in shade, in daytime or at night; for in the dead of night, when hours of darkness might have brought on them the “ sleep of plants,’ I suddenly threw upon them a strong light, and found them in their usual activity of motion, while the same light only gradually and partially roused a ‘ wheeler” from his slumbers. I have figured four monstrosities in subdi- vision, which I observed in the spring of 1852 (figs. 15, 16, 17, 18). I was much inclined in 1851 to suppose, from the figure fig. 21, that subdivision took place at various ages of the plant; I subsequently found, however, that this must have been a plant of C. Thwaitsii, which I obtained in the spring of 1852, in a neighbouring locality, in great activity of division and swarming motion; and in the same autumn I found sporangia of two species, which would lead me to sup- pose fig. 22 a full-grown form. (See figs. 25 and 28.) All the species of Cosmarium do not appear to have the habit of casting off their envelopes; for in fig. 19, which I found in great abundance, both subdividing and forming sporangia, no loose vesicles were left from the former process, though in the latter the empty cases were abundant and per- manent.. Being greatly disappointed at not being able to prove the use of the moving granules, I watched as minutely as I could the formation and subsequent development of the sporangia. The contents of the ball, as in the division of the plant, were at first light in colour, and containmg few gran- ules; they subsequently became darker green, and then a reddish-brown, as in figs. 25, 26, 27, or as in figs. 23, 24; ‘and at the same time the coats became more numerous. _ In the month of April 1853, I was delighted to find in the bottle containing the sporangia of Cosmarium, fig. 24, a ‘Mmany-coated ball filled with granules in the same rapid otion as observed in the full-grown Cosmarium. 'The simi- wity of the movement attracted my attention; and I also ‘saw that in one part the enclosing membrane appeared thinner, ‘as if giving way at that spot. On the third morning the Membrane had broken, and the granules escaped, leaving the nearly-emptied case as represented at fig. 29. See alsu Twill now speak of the changes visible to the naked eye, while preserving in bottles water in which Cosmarium margari- 36 Observations on Cosmarium Margaritiferum. j tiferum and others of the same family were very numerous. — During the summer and autumn, the masses of green matter — would float to the surface, rapidly disengaging oxygen as the sun shone upon them, and sinking again to the bottom with — the coolness of the evening, Later in the year, masses would — adhere to the inner surface of the bottle in the form of a thin — pellicle, or collect in slimy masses, which appeared to dis-— solve with the warmth of the coming spring. The green — colour changed to that of a reddish- -yellow, and it might have been thought that all was dead, did not the microscope show the same beautiful green both in young and full-grown plants, together with much bright red and brown, apparently the casings of the sporangia, which gave their colour to the wheel-animalcules that had evidently feasted on their remains, and thriven on them. Large Cosmaria, still in active motion (the remains of the mature growth of the preceding summer), lay imbedded in the mass, when a small portion was sepa- rated for microscopic observation, as well as clusters of young ones, figured at figs. 31, 32, 33. When the bottles had re mained more than a year untouched, except for change of water, these masses increased in leathery hardness: green life was not extinct, but became feeble in colour, and too much changed to warrant further observations ; while a small por- tion, placed in another bottle and more freely exposed to the’ light, multiplied with great rapidity. Further observations were stopped by the declining strength of the plants. From the observations of the Rev. Mr. Osborne, on Closte= rium lunula, published in the ‘ Quarterly Journal of Micro- scopical Science,’ I should feel no doubt that the advancing motion in Cosmarium was also caused by cilia, the two families” bearing a close resemblance to each other in their habits, Many careful observations made on Closteriwm, as detailed in the ‘ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ vol. v., 1836, have been verified here in Cosmarium, though I am inclined to differ on the subject of the development of the sporangium. This bo would appear to me to be the winter-casing of a large number of young plants, which escape from it by rapidly knocking against its walls when these have been loosened by spring ae or which grow up as the walls gradually decay in the midst 0: those gelatinous masses previously described. In proof of this opinion, | would adduce the immense increase in the number of the plants in the springs of 1852 and 1853, in some measure to be attributed to subdivision, as could seen by the empty double cases figs. 14 and 21, but trifling as compared with the masses, of which figs. 31, 3 and 33, give only a faint idea) Why should such rapi Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. 37 “motion be observed in the full-grown plant, unless for the purpose of reproduction? for the cells of higher plants show such powerful mechanism merely for the vegetative processes. If these moving granules are zoospores, capable, when set free, of developing into perfect plants, then it seems to follow that the sporangium (which is the product of two such plants) may also contain these zoospores, capable, when their fitting time comes, of filling the waters with their countless progeny. And if, as I fully believe, fig. 29 is the sporangium of a Cosmarium, its growth by zoospores seems evident. ~ Appress of the Presipent at the ANNuAL MEETING of the MicroscopicaL Society, February 28, 1855. GENTLEMEN, Tue Report of your Council cannot, I think, be other- wise than satisfactory, as regards both the progress of our Society in number of Members, and the state of our finances. Including the elections which we have made this evening, we have added twenty-five new names to our list, whilst we have lost five by death and five by resignation ; making an addition of fifteen to our total. ‘The number of nominal Members, however, has been considerably reduced by the stringent mea- Sures which your Council had thought it right to adopt, in regard to those individuals from whom long arrears of sub- scriptions are due. Of these, four have been taken off the list, as never having performed the first condition of membership, namely, payment of the entrance-fee and first subscription ; whilst eight more who had become entitled to membership, have been expelled, after ample notice had been given to them of the penalty which they incurred. I am quite sure that you will not regret the loss of those who have shown themselves so unworthy of the advantages which membership confers ; and that the vitality of our trunk will be increased by thus getting rid of all our dead branches. ’ The financial condition of the Society affords matter for much congratulation ; since we have been able to afford con- ‘siderable additions to our expenditure, without more than such trifling reduction of our floating balance, as we may expect be soon made up by that increase of contributions which is €ontinually going on, whilst our reserve fund has considerably increased. Thus, we have paid to the editors of the ‘ Quarterly Microscopical Journal of Science ’ a much larger sum than has ever been before expended in any one year for the printing of ur Transactions; whereby each of our Members becomes <> 1.2 qa le 38 Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. entitled to receive the Journal free of cost, thus getting back — more than three-fourths of the amount of his’ subscription, — We have borne the increased rent charged to us by the Horticultural Society ; and we have, in addition, felt justi-_ fied in laying upon the Society’s funds the cost of the tea furnished at the evening meetings, which had been previously defrayed by private subscription. Among the Members whom we have had the misfortune to — lose by death during the past year—namely, the Rev. J. P.— Bean, Professor E. Forbes, Mr. Finch, Mr. Ingpen, and Dr. Soulby—there is one whose high scientific eminence claims a special tribute on this occasion; a tribute which, from my own long personal friendship with him, I feel it a privilege to have this opportunity of paying to his memory. The unexpected death of Professor Edward Forbes, on the 18th of November, at the age of thirty-nine years, excited but one feeling of the deepest regret, not only in the: scientific community of which he was so distinguished a member, but also throughout a far wider circle of personal friends than it falls to the lot of most men to possess. It was my good fortune to have first become acquainted with him at the time when we were fellow-students, nineteen years since, m the University of Edinburgh; where he went through the full curriculum of medical study, but did not take his degree; having, during his sojourn there, determined to abandon the pursuit of Medicine as a profession, in order to devote himself to the study and teaching of Natural History, for which he had very early shown a strong bias and a remarkable aptitude, The enlarged and philosophic spirit in which he pursued this science, is too widely known and too generally appreciated, for it to be necessary for me to dwell upon it here. His admir- able monograph on the ‘“ British Starfishes,’ published in 1840-1, was the first work by which he became generally known as a Naturalist; and very shortly after its appearanee, he commenced those laborious researches in the Aigean Sea, on the distribution of marine life at different depths, which first brought him prominently into notice among the eminent cultivators of geological science of this and other countries, by whom his investigations were most highly estimated. From that time his scientific career was one of increasing honour to himself, and of the most eminent service to the sciences of zoology and geology, which he was continually enriching by original contributions of the greatest value. off, He was successively appointed to the Professorship of Botany in King’s College, to the office of Palzeontologist to the: Geological Survey, and to the distinguished post of President : of the Geological Society ; all of which he resigned last spring,: on being chosen to succeed. the late Professor Jameson in the Chair of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh, which he had long regarded as the summit of his ambition, ‘but: upon the duties of which he had scarcely entered, ere his life was ‘cut: short by the development of a disease, which (as the event proved) must long have been pursuing its. fatal course Without:any external indication. -| To know-the Professor. was to know but little of Edward Forbes: Probably no. man of his generation was so many- sided, » Not only science, but literature and art, found in him avhearty appreciation of all that was excellent. No clique ‘could claim him as its own, for his sympathies were universal ; no man was more unselfish, or used his influence more gene- rously for the advancement even of those who might be in some sort his rivals, than Edward Forbes. Hence no one. could know him, without not only admiring, but loving him; and to every one who was worthy of his regard, he freely extended it, His genial humour and good-natured wit, joined to his other high qualifications, caused him to be universally welcomed as acompanion; yet, however ‘‘ petted,” he was never “ spoiled” by the attentions he received, but remained the same genuinely- good fellow, when he had climbed to the top of the tree, as he was when, in the days of his studentship, he exercised that wonderful power of attaching others to him, which would have doubtless been exerted to the great advantage of his University and of science, had it been the will of Providence that his labours should have been prolonged in the new sphere on which he had so recently entered. » Turning, now, to our own proceedings during the _ last twelvemonth, I cannot but feel some regret at not being able to speak in a more congratulatory tone, as to the number and importance of the communications which have been brought before us. Considering the great number of individuals who are occupied in microscopic research, and the large amount of novel facts which they must be continually encountering, it is to me a matter of surprise, as well as of regret, that so few of these should be made public through our instrumentality. Some of the best contributors to our former meetings haye, I am aware, been kept back during the last year by the pressure of other engagements ; whilst others have entered with such zeal into the study and practice of the Photographic art, as to have been led away by its fascinations from their former alle- giance. Moreover, during the latter part of the last session, Lunderstand that a dearth of papers was an epidemic disease by which almost every scientific society in London was more Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. 39 pA 40 Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. | or less affected ; so that we were thus suffering (if this be re- garded as any alleviation of our trouble) im the good company © of the Royal, the Linnean, and other first-rate associations. — I would urge upon our Members, however, that the interest of © our meetings can only be sustained by themselves ; we have no” right to look for extraneous assistance ; and there is; | am/con-~ fident, no lack of power amongst us, if it be only rightly directed, — —a point on which I shall by-and-by dwell more at large.” But I would also suggest to those distant friends to micro-/ scopic inquiry, who are in the habit of forwarding their valuable” communications direct to the Journal, that it would much serve © us, and would give to their discoveries a more immediate and” a wider publicity, if they would communicate them in the” first instance to the Microscopical Society (which they cam | always do through some Member, or through the editors of) the Journal), so as to be read and discussed at our meetings. © The only communication we have received, having reference’) to the improvements of the microscope, or of any of its adjuncts, © is Mr. Wenham’s valuable paper on Microscopic Photography 3°, which will, I doubt not, give a new impulse to the practice of this most interesting art. Having myself been one of the” earliest labourers in this field, although circumstances have!) prevented me from continuing to cultivate it, I can fully con=0 firm what he says with regard to the superiority of solar light) over any ordinary kind of artificial light. With low powers,” indeed, and a sufficiently large condenser, I have found diffused” daylight much superior to the direct rays of the sun: of course,” a longer time is required for the production of a good picture 3’ but no adjustment is necessary for the change of the sun’s” place; and the picture itself is much superior in tone to most® of those taken by direct sunlight. It is much to be desired! that the experiment should be tried, how far ‘the electric light” possesses such an amount of actinic power, as may make it: efficient substitute for the solar rays; the result of M Wenliam’s experiments upon the effect of an intermitting di charge of a small Leyden jar, being sufficiently encouraging” to render the trial of it highly desirable. i Before passing to the review of that portion of our proceed= ings which will lead us to considerations of a very diffe order, I think it not inappropriate to make a few remarks up certain tendencies which I observe at present among some those who are most zealously devuted to microscopic resear and which seem to me to be likely to exert an injurious influ ence upon the progress of science, if they be not kept withi due bounds, I refer especially to that rage, if I may so des nate it, for object-glasses of the largest possible apertur Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. 41 which causes our best makers to aim at its augmentation, as if t were the one thing needful. Now if we examine into the somparative advantages and disadvantages of such glasses, we ball find, I think, that forall ordinary ‘y purposes, the latter lecidedly’ predominate. The objects which can be seen de- jyidedly better with lenses of very large, than with those of noderate aperture, are comparatively few in number, and of a very limited kind ; being such as are marked with very close ines, strie, spots, or other like inequalities of surface. For Mhe resolution of these, it is well known that a large angular Hiperture is essential ; so that of two lenses whose performance nay be equally good for all ordinary purposes, that which has Whe wider angle shall here surpass the other, and this in exact oroportion to Wider excess, But this superiority is obtained at he expense of other advantages. For even granting that there s no sacrifice of that most important element, defining power which can only be obtained, with a very wide angle, by the Mitmost perfection in all the corrections), yet the adequate »erformance of such a lens can only be secured by the greatest sactness in the adjustments. Only that portion of the object yhich is precisely in focus, can be seen with an approach to /listinctness, everything that is in the least degree out of it eing imbedded (so to speak) in a thick fog; it is requisite, 00, that the adjustment for the thickness of the glass that Proyers the object, exactly neutralize the effect of its refraction ; md the arrangement of the mirror and condenser must. be such 0 give to the object the best possible illumination. If there e any failure in these conditions, the performance of a lens # very wide angular aperture is very much inferior to that of lens of moderate aperture; and except in very experienced ands, this is likely to be generally the case. Now to the orking microscopist, unless he be studying the particular ‘lass of objects which expressly require this condition, it is a ource of great inconvenience and loss of time, to be obliged to e continually making these adjustments ; and a lens, which, . vhen adjusted for a thickness of glass of 1-100”, will perform fithout much sensible deterioration with a thickness either of -80” or of 1-120", is practically the best for all ordinary urposes. Moreover, a lens of moderate aperture has. this ery great advantage, that the parts of the object which are ess perfectly in focus can be much better seen; and therefore hat the relation of that which is most distinctly discerned to Il the rest of the object, is rendered far more apparent. Had jot the term ‘ penetration’ been already applied in a different, nd I think far less appropriate sense, I should have said that nm objective of moderate angular aperture has far more pene- 42 Address of the President dt the Annual Meeting. trating power, enabling us to see much) more:into an obj than one of a very wide angle; and skrecraghe peal i ql definition will also be found superior. d lo 2esla Let me remind you, further, that almost all. the grea achievements of microscopic research have been made by d instrumentality of such objectives as I am -recommendin There can be no question about the large proportion of | the results which continental microscopists ‘may claim,dn ° uearlyp all departments of minute anatomical, physiological; botani a or zoological research, since the introduction of this imvalual auxiliary ; and it is well known that the great majority of thei instruments are of extremely simple construction, and» their objectives are generally of very moderate angular a ture. Moreover, if we look at the date of some of the pri cipal contributions which this country has furnished to: common stock, such as the ‘‘Odontography” of Profess Owen, the “ Researches into the Structure of Shell? carriedio by Mr. Bowerbank and myself, the “ Physiological eich of Messrs. Todd and Bowman, the first volume of the ‘His tological Catalogue,” by Professor Quekett, and the “ British Desmidez” of Mr. Ralfs, we find sure reason to conclude that these researches must have been made with the instr aly of lenses, which would in the present day be regarded as. very limited capacity. si I hope that in these remarks I shall not be understood as im any way desirous to damp the zeal of those, who are applying} themselves to the perfectionizing of achromatic objectives. ~ Jd regard it as a fortunate thing for the progress of science, tha there are individuals whose ‘tastes lead. them to the adoptior on of this pursuit; who stimulate our instrument-makers to go ol from one range to another, until they have conquered the dij ficulties which previously baffled them, and then apply them: selves to find out some new tests which shall offer a fresh difficulty to be overcome. But it is not the only, nor can J regard it as the chief work of the microscope, to resolve markings upon the Diatomacez, or tests of the like difficulty and although I should consider. this as the highest object ambition to our makers, if the performance of such lense with test-objects were any fair measure of their general utility, yet as I think that I have demonstrated that the very conditiell 5 of their construction render them inferior in this respect the purposes of ordinary microscopic research, I would m rather hold out the reward of high appreciation (awe have m other to give) to him who should produce the best work microscope, adapted to all ordinary requirements, at the lowe cost. It does not seem to me an unapt simile, to compare thi | Address of the\ President tat the Annual Meeting. 43 levotees of large angular apertures to the gentlemen of the ‘turf’ Its, I believe, generally admitted, that the breeding He class of horses distinguished by speed and ‘blood,’ which is . 1 Leno. - Se =. aes SS UE CLS LS et — OY a Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. 53 in deep obscurity ; for it can scarcely be doubted that many of the animalcule-like bodies, such as the Volvocine, whose vegetable nature has been made known to us by observation of certain stages in the history of their lives, are but the motile forms (zoospores) of some other plants, whose relation to them is at present unknown. Hitherto it has been commonly thought sufficient to trace the history of any of these bodies from their first production by binary subdivision, or some essentially-equivalent process (gemmation), to the repetition of the same process by themselves, which was considered as terminating their life as individuals; and neither was any departure from this simple plan of reproduction, nor the origination of a new and dissimilar form in any part of the series, at all anticipated. But now that we have juster views of the real analogies (or, more properly, homologies) of these simple plants, it becomes evident that the multiplication of cells by binary subdivision, or by any kind of outgrowth, really corresponds with the multiplication of elementary parts in the embryo of any one of the higher plants or animals ; and that the almost indefinite increase which may thus take place, is really the growth of the individual, which will at last take on a new phase, sexual organs being evolved, and a true process of generation (essentially consisting in the reunion of the contents of two cells, by conjugation, or some equivalent act) being performed by their instrumentality. The life of the individual, as I long since maintained, and as is now coming to be generally admitted, includes the whole series of pheno- mena which intervene between one act of generation and another ; and this series of phenomena may include the pro- duction of two or three very distinct and apparently unrelated forms. Hence until we have traced out this history in regard to every distinct type of animal and vegetable life, we must not only consider our knowledge of it to be essentially incom- plete, but we must also admit the probability that a vast number of our reputed species have no real existence. Many distinguished German and French observers* have recently been devoting themselves to this kind of inquiry, singling out a few specific forms, and endeavouring to trace these through all their phases of development; and the success which has already attended their endeavours, is the best encouragement to more extended labours in the same direction. * See especially the Memoirs of Professor Stein, in ‘ Weigmann’s Archiv.,’ and in ‘ Siebold and Kolliker’s Zeitschrift,’ and his recently- published work, ‘Die Infusionsthiere,’ which embodies the preceding ; also M. Jules Haime, on Trichoda lynceus, in ‘ Ann. des Sci. Nat.,’ 3° Sér., Zool., tom. xix. 54 Address of the President at the Annual Meeting. In this work I am extremely anxious to engage the active co-operation of the Members of our Society. I cannot but — feel that a great deal of excellent microscope power, if I may use the expression, is running to waste. Of the excellence of our instruments, it is quite unnecessary for me to speak. Of the acute powers of observation of a large proportion of the possessors of these instruments, [ am equally well assured. Yet if we look at the comparative products of England and Germany, in the field of sound microscopic observation, we cannot but feel that there is some ground for the sarcastic observation of Professor Schleiden, that the English cannot possess good microscopes, since their contributions to minute botanical research have been so trifling. I would not be thought unmindful of the many admirable memoirs and monographs, which may challenge comparison with those of any other country ; they are excellent as far as they go; but I am san- guine enough to believe that these could easily be multiplied tenfold, if those who spend their time in desultory observa- tions, and in merely looking at some favourite objects over and over again, would but concentrate their attention upon some particular topic, and work out this with patience and perseverance 3 and I am not, I think, too ambitious for the honour of our country, or too eager for the promotion of true Science, in urging the Members of this Society, that they should, both individually and collectively, aim at so worthy an object. I would assure you from my own somewhat lengthened expe- rience, that the microscopist who applies himself to work out some particular class of observations, on which he concentrates his chief attention, finds it gradually become to him an object of such attractive interest, that he experiences a zest in the pursuit, to which the mere dilettante is an entire stranger; and I feel confident that it is only by the assumption of some systematic guidance as to what and how to observe, that the influence of our Society will be most beneficially exerted in the promotion of microscopic research, and its own highest prosperity be most effectually secured. " Machine for Microscopic Writing. dd An Account of Mr. Peters’s Macnine for Microscopic Writine. By R. J. Farrants, Esq., F.R.CS. (Read April 25th, 1855.) Mosr of the Members of the Microscopical Society are un- doubtedly acquainted with Nobert’s lines, and have probably considered with astonishment the wonderfully-minute move- ments which must have been effected in producing them. Very beautiful specimens of microscopic writing, also by a foreigner, Froment, of Paris, have, I believe, also been exhi- bited inthisroom. I am not aware that any account has been published of the manner in which the results are attained. It is satisfactory to be able to state that these interesting productions of our continental neighbours have been at least equalled by means of a machine, entirely contrived and prin- cipally constructed by a gentleman of our own country, Mr. Peters, the banker, who is also a distinguished member of the Microscopical Society: he makes no secret of the manner in which his marvellous specimens are produced: on asking leave to lay before this Society an account of his wonder- working machine, and the manner of using it, permission was at once most liberally given; and that the description may be the more intelligible, he has kindly allowed the machine itself to be placed on the table. Being thus enabled to point to the machine, the need for accurate drawings of it, is in a great ‘measure superseded ; still, some figures have been prepared with a view to render the details of its construction more easy of comprehension: these, however, are diagrams merely, and have no pretension to be considered drawings of the instru- “ment. - The machine had its origin in the following circumstance : Mr. Peters, having been shown some microscopic writing, executed, I believe, by Froment, of Paris, expressed his belief that he could produce writing as small: this opinion was re- ceived with extreme incredulity ; Mr. Peters, however, feeling confident of the sufficiency of his plan, determined to test it by actual trial: the result is a machine capable of executing and recording movements of almost inconceivable minuteness : ‘with it, in its present condition, Mr, Peters has written “ The - Lord’s Prayer,’’ (in the ordinary writing character without abbreviation or contraction of any kind) in a space not exceed- ‘ing the one hundred and fifty thousandth, 1-150,000th of a ‘square inch. ‘There are in this specimen six lines ‘of writing ; the length of the sides of a parallelogram, to include the whole, “would be 1-250th and 1-600th of an inch linear: the area so ‘included is (1-250 x 1-600 =) 1-150,000th of a square inch : 56 Machine for Microscopic Writing. the height of the letters is 1-10,000 of a linear inch, so that the space occupied by the letters a or n, or such as are about as wide as they are high, is no more than 1-100,000,000th, the hundred millionth of a square inch. In examining the construction of the machine, it will be convenient to consider, first, The Frame or Stand, and then THE MEcHANISM; referring in succession to (1) the arrange- ments for transmitting and diminishing motion; (2) those for controlling and directing the movements; (3) and lastly, the contrivances for preserving traces of those movements which it is wished to record, so that they may be viewed with the microscope. The Stand. A rectangular table of mahogany, 18 in. by 10 in. superfices, and about an inch thick, constitutes the base (A); to the surface of this is fastened a stout plate of brass, of nearly the same size (B); near each corner of this is fixed a brass column (C’), a little more than an inch diameter, and 31 inches high. The four columns support a stout brass plate (D), 15 in. by 74 in., on which stand four smaller columns 12 inches high (£), they support another stage (#’) 10 in. by 4 in., to which the principal part of the mechanism is attached. The Mechanism: First Machine constructed in 1852. In the simplest form of the machine, a vertical rod connected near its superior extremity (G, fig. 1), with the upper brass plate (F, fig. 1), and extending from it nearly to the base, constitutes a simple lever of the first kind (@ H, fig. 1), whose arms are in the ratio of 1: 125 nearly. The rod tapers downwards, its diameter diminishing from an inch to a quarter of an inch, or thereabouts: this form of rod has been found the most steady and least liable to tremor. It is connected with the upper stage (#’) by means of two concentric rings the outer one (J) is firmly fixed to the brass plate: the inner one (J) is connected by horizontal pivots with the outer ring, and with the vertical rod (G@); the axes of the two pairs of pivots being at right angles to one another: by this connexion rectilinear motion in one direction is permitted by the move- ment of the rod (G) on the pivots of the inner ring (J), a similar motion at right angles to this is effected by the move- ment of the inner ring (J) on the pivots of the outer one (J); by a combination of movements determined by the two axes, motion in any direction, rectilinear or curved, is attainable. Every movement of the lower end of the rod (H) i is repeated by the other end (G@), diminished in extent, and reversed in direction. With a machine thus constructed, the diminishing power is about 125 times, linear ; that is to say, a line one inch in length traced by the lower end of the rod, will give at the Machine for Microscopic Writing. 57 j other end a line only 1-125th of an inch long, so that the space occupied by any writing executed with this machine ) will be 125? or 15,625 times less than that in which the writing is traced by the hand. Fig. 1. “In the present form of the machine, its power is much in- creased by the substitution of a compound lever (G@ H, fig. 2) for the simple one just described. This is done in the following anner :—The original rod having been cut through a little bove the first stage, the lower portion is attached by its upper 58 Machine for Microscopic Writing. 4 end (K) to the brass plate (D) by two concentric rings (LM) in the way already described ; the upper portion (G) remains attached to the upper stage (F ) as at first, but is shortened by cutting off a piece from its lower end (JV) : into the space thus caused between the two parts (IV K) of the original rod, there is introduced a piece composed of two short rods (P O and O Q), united by a universal joint (QO), similar to those by which the two portions of the vertical rod are connected wi the two stages. Each of the free ends (P and Q) of this jointed member is made to slide truly and smoothly in bear- ings supplied to the cut ends (K and JV) of the divided r so that the position of the joint (O) may be varied at will: its place having been determined, it is fixed by means of a screw (#), the end of which is madeds press against one of the sliding-pieces (O Q); and now, instead of a “single lever con-§ sisting of a simple vertical rod (G H, fig. 1), there are two# levers (G O and O H, fig. 2) united by a moveable joint (OQ). The first lever, extending from the base of the stand to theg joint, has all that por tion below the pivots on which it is sus-§ pended for its long arm (K H), while its short arm (K O} extends from the same pivots to the joint (Q), and varies there-§j fore in length, which is determined by the position of the} joint. The second lever, extending from the joint (Q) to the upper end of the combination (Z), has for its short arm all above the pivots connecting it with the upper stage ; its lo ng and the moveable joint (QO), the position of which determi ‘ the length of that arm. Thus it is seen that the short arm vary in length with different positions of the moveable jo int while the effect of their altered relations is always in the same direction. 3 With this combination, any movements of the lower end oj§ the rod (/7, fig. 2) are repeated, the direction reversed, and the extent diminished, at the end of the short arm of the firs! lever (QO), that is at the joint; the motion is there transferrec to the long arm of the second lever, at the end of the shor arm of which (Z ), the direction is again changed, and the ex tent a second time diminished. The amount of diminution which the machine is capable 0 effecting, ranges from 110 to 6,250 times linear: these limit are determined by actual trial ; thus, if a square be drawn, th sides of which are 5 inches long, the length may be reduce¢ to the 122-nd of an inch, that is 110 times, or it may be dimb nished to 1-1250th of an inch, or 6-250 times. An arrang ment of the levers, such that the arms are in the ratio of 12 | Machine for Microscopie Writing. 59 for the first (H K : K O),and 9:1 for the second (O G: G Z), will diminish 108 times linear; an arrangement in which the arms of the first lever are in the ratio of 500: 1, and those of the second as 12: 1, will have the power of diminishing 6,000 times linear; and though it is not easy to determine exactly by Seedsnrement the effective length of the different members of the combination, it is believed that these proportions are not far from the truth. By these adaptations, the transmission and diminution of motion are provided for. Contrivances for controlling and directing the movements, are next to be noticed. It is manifest that the free end (#) of a lever suspended in the way described would move in the are of a circle: to obviate the inconvenience of writing on a con- eave surface, and at the same time to provide for a greater ) freedom of motion to the pen or pencil, the lever is continued to the surface of the base of the stand by means of a rod (S), ) which passes into the lower end of the suspended tube (H ), and is connected with a second short rod (Z’ U) by two pairs Hof rings (V), each pair joined together in one plane, and all moving on horizontal pivots, so as to maintain exact parallelism Hof the two rods, while the second one (TJ' U) is allowed to move freely in a vertical direction: the second rod has at its lower end a joint (U), connecting it with a short arm which carries a split tube (W) for holding a pen (X ) or pencil ; by j means of this joint the pen may be made to have any inclina- tion from the perpendicular ; an adjustment in azimuth et be made by turning the rod (S) in the vertical tube (7): may be fixed in any position by a screw (J) brought to ie ' against it: this arrangement allows the pencil to move freely Over every part of a surface of about 5 inches square, within which space it is perfectly under control, and on the surface of which any writing or design may be conveniently traced. A brass frame about 5 inches square is attached to the centre of the plate which covers the base of the stand, by four screws with milled heads, one at each corner; after loosening these screws, a card may be placed: under the frame, and the screws being then tightened, it is held firmly in its place without any — attention on the part of the person using the machine, Registry of the diminished design. —Tracings of the dimi- ished movements are received on glass, that material afford- ing the greatest facilities for the use of the microscope in ®examining them. The distal extremity of the combined levers is therefore armed with a diamond point, and in order that it may act upon the upper surface of the glass, the vertical rod is connected with one end of a horizontal arm (A), from the other end of which a piece (p) at right angles to it rises to 60 Machine for Microscopic Writing. the height of about 3 inches; the upper end of this piece is split to receive another horizontal arm (a), at the free end of} which is the diamond (d), with the point downwards, and so | adjusted that it is in the axis of the combined levers. | As, however, the end to be attained is the registering 9 (not of all the movements made, but) of those move-} ments only which form the writing or design, the opera-§j tor is provided with the} means of suspending, resum-| ing, or continuing the action} of the diamond at pleasure. | Two uprights (1, fig. 3 and® fig. 4) are fixed near opposite} edges of the upper stage) (F’), each having a horizon-\§ tal pivot (or they may be} connected by a_horizontalf piece with a knife edge up- wards): on the pivots (2), (or the knife edge) is hung a thin flat plate of brass (8)) of sufficient size to hold al glass slip of the ordinary) dimensions, 3 in. by 1 in. ; to} one of its ends is fixed a steel wire (4) with a screw cut upon it, on which a small} brass weight (5) with an in- terior screw is placed: near} one of the lateral edges off the plate two small pins (6,) fig. 4) project a little above its surface : near the opposite} edge is a spring (7, fig. 4), which presses the glass slide} against the two projecting pins, while one of its ends comes up to the extremity of a screw (8), which can be adjusted so that the centre of the! glass be brought under the diamond point (Z): when the slide has been placed on the holder and properly adjusted, the weight) (5) is to be moved on the screw till it accurately balances they a Machine for Microscopic Writing. 61 f | glass, which should just touch, but not be pressed against the diamond. Under the glass holder (3) is a weak spring (9) attached toa short arm (10), which is connected by a hinge with ,a little pillar (11) fixed to the upper stage (F’); under this arm jis another shorter but stronger spring (12), which, yielding to the action of any force depressing the arm (10), restores it to jits place on the action of the force being discontinued. From ))the free extremity of this arm a wire (12) proceeds to the base of the stand, where it is fastened to a lever (14), which is at- tached to the lowest brass plate (B) by a hinge (15), which llows of motion only in a vertical direction: when the end of his lever (14) is pressed down, it draws down the extremity )f the arm (10), carrying the spring (9) which is then brought )o0 act upon the glass holder (3), pressing the glass upward ) \gainst the point of the diamond (Z); a spring (16) under she lower lever (14) causes it to return to its position when )jhe pressure is removed. Two screws (17, 18) pass through jhis lever, by means of which the extent of its movements, ind consequently the pressure of the spring (9) under the glass holder (3) are regulated. One of these screws (18) serves to 62 Machine for Microscopie Writing. means of a moveable nut (19). above the arm, which can be placed in any required position; the other screw (17) is: for regulating the pressure against the diamond ; it admits 7 its end (20) being fixed at such a distance from the brass plat (B), as to allow of any required extent of depression of the lever: it is obvious that the more this is depressed, the low does it draw down the arm (10), carrying the spring (9), the stronger therefore is the pressure of the spring against th glass. By connecting a second lever with the spring, and allowing one to be depressed more than the other, two different degrees of pressure against the glass may be secured, and the diamond may thus be made to give marks of different depth’ | and thickness, so that writing may be produced with fine up: strokes and thick down-strokes, as in writing with a pen. | It is unnecessary to do more than allude to the excellence § of the work, and the perfect action of the mechanism. The se are manifested by the fidelity with which the smallest move- ments are transmitted and recorded, every such movement, it will be remembered, having to be transmitted through three joints with two sliding-pieces; each of these joints must admit of free and easy motion in every direction, while al tremor, or other movements than those directed by the will of the operator, must be precluded. How completely th object is accomplished is within the personal knowledge o' many gentlemen present who have themselves had the oppor tunity of testing the capabilities of the machine. Were other evidence necessary, reference could be made to the eminent President of this Society (Dr. Carpenter), who, on a first trial of the machine, produced an inscription of three lines in less than the 1-10,000th of a square inch. Of this space the signature takes up not more than one-third, or less than 1-30,000th of an inch; the small letters of the writing arel but 1-1150th of an inch high; yet, notwithstanding i minuteness, the characteristic peculiarities of the autograph are unmistakable, The securing of a good diamond point is a matter of first importance: preference is given to a turned point, as a nature splinter, though it gives fine strokes, does not mark equally well in all directions. These points Mr. Peters prepares himself with the same skill and delicacy of touch shown the construction of the other parts of the machine. In using the machine both hands have to be employet While the right hand guides the pencil (X), the other is en gaged in managing the lever (14) by which the action of the diamond is governed. Attention is necessary to insure th limit the upward movement of. the lever: this is effected = ae h Illumination of Objects by Polarized Light. 63 requisite pressure when any movement is to be registered, and to withdraw it while any other movements are in progress ; for it must be remembered that all movements made by the pencil, whether there be corresponding marks on the card or not, are traced on the glass so long as it is pressed against the diamond ; and, on the other hand, though the design be care- fully and accurately marked on the card, there will be no trace of it on the glass unless the lever has been properly employed. The object of this paper is to give a brief, but it is hoped, an intelligible account of the construction and manner of using a machine which has excited much interest, and not to sonsider the purposes to which its ingenious adaptations may be applied. At present the machine has been used almost solely for microscopic writing; it is not, however, to be con- luded that it can be used for nothing else. If, for example, the pencil, instead of being guided by the hand only, were irected and restrained by mechanical appliances, and the amount of the movements regulated by a screw or otherwise, there seems no reason why the productions of Nobert should not be rivalled. There would be little practical difficulty in causing the pencil to trace straight and parallel lines: regular distances of 1-100th of an inch are attainable. The power of the machine would diminish these intervals 6,000 times, so that a series of lines 1-600,000th of an inch apart would be attainable. Whether a point could be got sufficiently fine to race lines so close together, or any surface to receive them, may be questioned. If, however, such close ruling as this is impracticable, the limit would seem to be supplied by the want of a material to receive the tracings, and not to result rom the insufliciency of the machine to execute the movements. Perhaps the machine might be made subservient to accurate dividing in the preparation of micrometers, &c., as by its leans, errors or inequalities admit of being almost indefinitely diminished. the Ittumination of Oxsects by Porarizep Lieut on a Dark Fiero. By Joun Furze. dai (Read April 24th, 1855.) ALLow me to call the attention of the Society to a method of viewing objects with the microscope, which is, I believe, novel in its arrangement, and no doubt admits of greater improve- gent than it has yet received at my hands, from the want of ufficient time and opportunity to devote to that purpose. Phe phenomena of polarized light have long added a charm 64 Iilumination of Objects by Polarized Light. to the ordinary developments of the microscope; and the brilliancy of colour resulting from its action has fixed the appearance of many an object in the mind of the observer, which, by ordinary light, would have made scarcely any mental impression at all. But with the advantage of attractive appearance two great defects were constantly perceptible: one, the impossibility of transmitting the light through structures of more than a cer- tain density ; the other, that although the differing densities of structure were separated by it, the definition of these were disfigured in some cases, and (ost in others. t therefore became obvious that if objects could be illu- minated by polarized light, in such a manner as to give the structure a stereoscopic effect, by a due contrast of light and § shadow, causing the object to appear as if in relief, great § benefit would result from the application, as giving a clearer development of the form and constitution than had before been obtained. This expression at once suggests the dark-ground illumination, which some of our Members have so largely im- proved by various useful adaptations. I have found it pre- ferable to use for this purpose a plano-convex lens, three-fourths of an inch in diameter. This fitting is of so small a size that it can be adapted to almost any instrument. An illuminating lens thus constructed will show intended objects on a black ground: through the low powers, and should be arranged with a @ system of both central and external stop, each revolving on a separate axis, as generally supplied. If we now put an ad= justable cap on to the top of the lens, containing a crystal of Herapathite mounted between thin glass, and a plate of Selenite (also mounted on thin glass) above it, we shall find that ob- jects of too great density for transmitted light, will appear, under this illumination, as if in relief; and not only will the varying density of the structure be most beautifully displayed, but the definition of the different parts will be so accurately given as to constitute a perfect method of viewing the object. I do not profess to write a long article to engage your attention here; but I would fain occupy some portion of you time at home in perfecting this arrangement, which, in m opinion, is most conducive to truth in microscopic analysis, and which will amply reward (as well in the highest as in the lowest sense) the careful labours of those who sympathise with me in the delights arising from those researches which it is the peculiar province of this Society to encourage and to stimulate. a) + i So Or wa REPORT OF » THE FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. fue Microscopical Society of London held their Fifteenth BAnnual Meeting, February 28th, 1855,—Dr. Carpenter, President, in the Chair. The Assistant Secretary read the usual Reports of the Council and Auditors, which showed the Society to be in a very satisfactory state of progress: the Re-elected. President . . . . Dr. CARPENTER. @reasurer. 2)»: «i N. B. Warp, Esq. Secretary . . . . J. QueKert, Esq. New Members of Council. J. N. Furze, Esq. H. Periear, Jun., Esq. Rev. J. B. Reape. J. B. Stwonps, Esq. In the place of G. Buenxins, Esq. Dr. LANKEsTER. G. Suapsovrt, Esq. J. Incren, Esq. (deceased). at page 37. ) von, m1. £ by. real Soci croscopica t Fifteenth Report of the Mi 66 F SI 92eF ooo, 9 8L && § 6 6 v lor) bor) Foes 8 + + gouepeg * + + gjosuoy "py “SZ 204 JO osvqomng yr tt + + JOJO9T[OD 0} WoIssTUIMOK . . . . . . . . . . yy) ‘ aay uae sPHpOaeL pue suoyorsuviy, SuyUItg bars - + + ‘999 faSvysog ‘A1oTI01}R1g ‘5 + + + sO ‘SSuTZeoTT 4B ooUBpIO}ye “o9ttO8 0 peeked loy “bsq “oyont) *¢ “n° * FORBID) 13 a a 24g) kal queysissy jo Areyeg : : So ee Srp ASB 0 sioqrenb-oo14y) AJOIOOY [BING[NIY.AOF] 07 YU0yy “SLNUWAV F Sl 908F 9 9 Zz . 8 a” fe . . vs ae ote . sjosuoy ot des ‘1626 wo aaa ah! OM4—SPUueprAl(y G SL FP z "See * ple suorovrrel |, O08 7 fb PES See eee Oe Th 66 a & 3.2 acm ee ee. (6) p GZ . . . . . . . . €S8T “ (0) p P . . . . . . . . ZE8L ; ce (6) Z z - ot . . . . . . ISSl « 0) T I . . . . . . e . OSSI “cc O%. Leen he oe oe ee a EPL ae 0) I T . . . . . . . . StST “cc o Lae Site a = EER —: sjuomAvg jenuuy ii9- Oe ae Sey ore (waquoo wad 8B ie pel mdeq SAVY YOU) suorytsodm0g Oo" Tie ‘ * + gieqmleyy Jo couesqUg G 9L PP °° °° 40k snoraord oy} Wosy ooURTEg ‘D's °F *‘sLdIGOay ‘GCS “yIGz Aaenaqayy 04 ‘PEST ‘WAST Arenaqoy Woy eer TRANSACTIONS OF MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. EXPLANATION OF PLATES III. AND IV. N.B.—AIl the figures are drawn under the same magnifying power, save 2, 3, 4, and 9, which are much more highly amplified. Fig. 1, (Plate III.)—One of. the vitelline spheres or ova (there being then no perceptible difference between them) from a newly -formed capsule. 2.—A small portion of the vitelline substance highly magnified. 3.—Vesicula directrix, apparently single. 4,—Vesicula directrix, double. 5.—Segmentation of vitelline spheres ; a, b, c, d, e, successive stages. 6.—Segmentation of vitellus of true ova; a, b, c, successive stages. 7. (Plate IV.)—Mass of vitelline segments beginning to coalesce, but torn apart so as to show an embryo, a, in the interior ; on either side are embryos in various stages of development, found in the same capsule, but not imbedded in the conglomerate mass. 8. (Plate I1I.)—Early stages of development of embryo, up to the forma- tion of the mouth and cesophagus. 9.—Ciliated mouth, as seen laterally at a, and from above at b, 10.—Conglomerate vitellus, with attached embryos drawing-in its com- ponent particles. 11. (Plate IV.)—Portion of a similar mass, with embryos, a, J, ¢, d, attached, and others, e, f, detached, from the same capsule, of very different sizes. -12.—Embryo having its transparent peripheral membrane speckled by . small adherent particles, resembling the vitelline particles in fig. 2 This appearance is not at all uncommon. _13.—Three embryos, a, 5, c, of larger size; their ciliated lobes obliterated - by distention. “14.—An embryo of unusually large size, with portion of conglomerate 4 vitellus still adherent. 15, 16.—More advanced embryo, with ciliated lobes and foot fully deve- loped, and the newly-appropriated vitellus in process of conversion into other organs. iW. —A small embryo, which has apparently only just began to ingest its supplemental vitellus ; this being superposed upon the original yolk-mass. , fe bi Gris Mba, bo-VlH LM TRANSACTIONS OF MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. Illustratmg Mrs. Herbert Thomas’s Paper on Cosmarium margaritiferum. _ Figs. 1 to 33, illustrating various stages in the growth and development of Cosmarium margaritiferum. # a I Be issues a List of New and Valuable Publications every alternate month, which wil be sent gratis to all who desire ut. CATALOGUE OF BOOKS ON THE Aatural, Geact, and Applied Sciences. TS YM YM AM WIE YR IC EMBRACING : MEDICINE, PHYSICS, SURGERY, -: NATURAL HISTORY, ANATOMY, MECHANICS, PHYSIOLOGY, MATHEMATICS, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING, THE MICROSCOPE, AND ALSO ON PHILOSOPHY AND BELLES LETTRES, IMPORTED AND FOR SALE BY EX. BATHROBE RE, 290 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 219 Regent Street, London, and Rue Hautefeuille, Paris. This Publication embraces the Two Catalogues hitherto issued separately. » wee ADVERTISEMENT. f —=>__- Toe Catalogue now issued contains all the most prominent French and English works of Science and Philosophy, published dur- ing the years 1851-52 and 53. It contains also many valuable addi- tions of Standard works made to Mr. Bailliere’s stock since the publi- cation of his first Catalogue in 1851, and offers with the latter, to the man of Science and to the Student, a tolerably accurate guide in the selection of such books as they may professionally require. To prevent disappointment, it may be as well to mention that many of these books have been imported only in small quantities, and in cases where all have since been sold, Mr. Bailliere, having branches of his business in London and Paris, can speedily reimport them, whea ordered. Mr. Bailliere takes this opportunity of calling attention to the completeness of his present stock, and begs respectfully to call upon Librarians, Professors, and Men of Science generally, to continue their patronage to an establishment which it is as much their interest as his to encourage. P. S.—H. B. would call the attention of Purchasers to the fact that bi-monthly Lists of Recent Scientific Publications arp regularly issued from his New York House, and are furnished gratuitously to all who desire it. New York, July 1st, 1855. NOW READY, PART III, COMPLETING THE WORK. $7 50 Colored, $4 50 Plain, or Complete in One Handsome Volume, Svo., Half-bound, Colored, $14, Plain, $8 50. Persons having perfectly clean copies of Parts I. and Il. may have them exchanged for complete copies on paying the difference. ILLUSTRATED MANUAL OF OPERATIVE SURGERY AND SURGICAL ANATOMY, BY MM. CH. BERNARD, D.M.P., AND CH. HUETTE, Edited, with Notes and Additions, and Adapted to the Use of the American Medical Student, by W. H. Van Bevren, M.D., Professor of Anatomy, University Medical College, and Surgeon to the New York Hospital, and 0. E. Isaacs, M.D., Demonstuator of Anatomy, University Medical Col- lege, and Consulting Surgeon to the Penitentiary Hospital, Blackwell’s Island; illustrated with Steel Engravings, from Drawings after Nature, by M. J. Liveriit, designed to serve as a com- panion to the ordinary Text Books of Surgery. { { | ‘ | | | aE f US } | =, SS rt Ry Nas RY NV) I LETS LIBRARY OF ILLUSTRATED STAVDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. _ English Editions at the price of the Reprints. Already Published. Professor Muller’s Principles of Physics and Meteorology. WITH 530 WOODCUTS AND TWO COLORED ENGRAVINGS. 8yo. $4. Professor Wiesbach’s Mechanics of Machinery and Engimeering. 2 VOLS. witH 900 woopcuts. $7 50. Professor Knapp’s Technolegy3 or, Chemistry Applied to the Arts and to Manufactures. EDITED BY DR. RONALDS AND DR.T. RICHARDSON. 3 VOLS. SPLENDIDLY ILLUSTRATED, PRICE $14. Vol. I. New Edition, containing : Fuel and its Application, thoroughly Hllustrated. $5. Vol. III. recently published, containing : Sugar, Coffee, Tea. $5. Quekett’s (John) Practical Treatise om the use of the Microscope. THIRD EDITION, WITH TWELVE STEEL AND & © G&G woop ‘ ENGRAVINGS. 8yo. $5. Professor Fau’s Anatomy of the =xternal Forms of Man, FOR ARTISTS, EDITED BY R. KNOX, M.D. 8y0. AND AN ATLAS OF 28 PLATES 470. PLAIN $6. COLORED $10. Professor Graham's Elements of Chemistry, with its Applications im the Arts. SECOND EDITION, WITH NUMEROUS WOODCUTS. VoL. I. $3. Vol. IT. in the Press. Professor Nichol’s Architecture of the Heavens. NINTH EDITION, WITH 23 STEEL PLATES AND MANY WOODCUTS. LONDON, 1851. $3 50. Mitchell’s (J.) Wanual of Practical Assaying. FOR THE USE OF METALLURGISTS, CAPTAINS OF MINES, AND ASSAYERS IN GENERAL, SECOND EDITION, MUCH ENLARGED, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS, ETC. $5. Bn the Press. A Complete Treatise on Metallurgy and the Chemistry of the Metals. BY DRS. RONALDS AND RICHARDSON. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. LSC OU SMe (SSS (eUsie eave iaeiauaiaiea H. BAILLIERE’S LIST OF SCiIEnNTILFIC PERIODICALS. (M.) MONTHLY. (Q.) QUARTERLY. (W.) WEEKLY. ARTS AND SCIENCES. FRENCH. Annales de la Sor. entomologique de Chimie et de Physique, (mM. des Mines (ALTERNATE M. des Ponts et Chaussées, ‘“ — d’Agricultire frangaise, ———— des Sciences Naturelles, La Zoologie et la Botaniqgue se yendent séparément, avec un cahier de 4 feuilles de texte, pour chaque partie. 9 Archives du Muséum @histoire natu- relle, (Q.) 15 Atheneum Francais, (w.) 9 Bibliographie de la France, (w.) 7 Bibliothéque de Genéve, sciences phy- siques et naturelles, (.) Bulletin de la Soc. géologique de Fr. (a.) 11 ‘de la Soc. d’encouragement, (M.) 13 de la Société de géographie, (M.) 4 de la Société industrielle de mul- house, 4 Charivari (le), Journal litéraire, (D.) 27 Comptes Rendus des Séances de Vacade- mie des sciences, (w.) 7 Cosmos. Recueil encyclopédique des pro- grés des sciences et de leurs applications aux arts et al’industries. In8. (w.) 7 Encyclovédie d’Architecture, ou reproduc- tion de ce qui est relatif au batiment et a sa construction de tous les temps, par M. Calliat. In 4. (u.) 9 Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l’Europe. Horticulture, Botanie, Agriculture, etc. ; in 8, et 6 a 8 gravures coloriées avec soin. Abonnement au volume, (.) 14 Garde Meuble. Journal d’Ameublement, (ALTERNATE W.) 13 (.) 6 (mM. & mh 13 11 7 Genie Industriel, Illustration (1’), Ingenieur (l’), Journal scientifique et ad- ministratif; in 8,avec planches, (M.) 3 Institut (l’), Jour. universel des sciences, 15 Jardin-Fleuriste (le.). Texte grand in 8. et 5 planches coloriées, (a) 10 Journal-Manuel de Peintures appliquées aux décoration d’appartements, etablissements et monuments pu- blics. In folio, avec 2 planches, dont une en chromolithogra- phie. (M. ——— Militaire (officiel). Publié sur les documents da ministére de la guerre; paraisants irréguliére- ment, a partir de janvier; in ’ (1) 6 des Chemins de fer, des Mines et des Travaux publics; in4, (w.) 8 - de Conchyliologie, 6 des Mathématiques pures et appli- —— quées, rs 11 -—— de Chimie médicale, (m.) 4 9 00 25 50 7 50 (.) 5 50 (w.) 14 25 38 00 38 50 38 75 25 00 25 75 de V’Ecole Polytechnique, Mm.) 4 50 des Economistes, Mu.) 13 50 de Pharmacie et de Chimie, (a1.) 5 68 —— des savants. (a1.) 13 50 des Sciences militaires (.) 15 75 ——dAgr. pratique et de jardin- age, (2M.) 4 50 - des Armes spéciales, M.) 7 50 (at.) Lumiere (la). Revue de la Photographie. Beaux-arts, héliographie, science. In folio, (w.) 7 50 Magasin pittoresque, M.) 2 25 Memoires et comptes rendus des travaux de la Société des ingénieurs civils. In 8, avec pl., : (Q.) Moniteur de la Flotte (le). Organe des interest maritimes de la France, parais- sant tous les cing jours in folio, (.) 10 50 Moniteur de ’Armée (le). Paraissant les 1, 6, 11, 16, 21 et 26 de chaque mois, (m.) 6 60 Moniteur de l’Armée (le). Avec PAn- nuaire militaire, qu’on donne comme prime, (M.) Moniteur des Architectes (le). Recueil des maisons de ville et de campagne parais- sant.tous les deux mois en 4’, avec 12 planches, j (M. Nouvelles Annales des Mathématiques ; in 8 M. Publication industrielle des machines, outils et appareils; par E. Armengaud ainé. Chaque volume de 10 livraisons de texte in 8 et 40 planches in folio. Neuf volumes sont publiés. (m.) 11 25 Revue de Paris. Nouvelle période, voy- ages, etc. In 8, (sEMI-M.) 15 00 Revue des Deux Mondes. Recueil histo- rique. ire edition (avec annuaire). (semi-m.) 12 00 Revue générale de l’Architecture et des Travaux publics ; paraissant par cahiers in folio a2 colonnes, et 4 4 6 planches. Dix volumes sont publiés. Abonne- ment au volume, (m.) 15 00 Technologiste (le), ou Archives des pro- 6 75 9 38 450 grés de Vindustrie, 67 | ENGLISH. i im C Asylum Journal, (every.6w.) 8 60 3 Annals of Natural History, : ou.) 10 00 | 2 Assurance Magazine, A 800 | k Artizan, (w.) 8 75 6 Atheneum, (w.) 600 — li Builder, (w.) 5 50 x British Farmer’s Magazine, (a.) 72 yy i Camb. and Dubl. Mathem. Journal, 9.) 7 25 fh Chemical Gazette, (2m.) 8 60 ui Chemist, Qr.) § 60 h Civil Engineer and Architects’ Jour., (w.) 750 — Ourtis’s Botanical Magazine, M.) 18 50 Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, Qa.) 9 00. Ploricultural Cabinet, Mm.) 2 00 Florists’ Guide, (.) 1 80 Scientific Periodicals. Freemason’s Monthly Review, (u.) 8 75 Glesgow Practical Mechanics’ Mag., (1.) 3 60 Hooker’s London Journal of Botany, (m.) 7 25 Literary Gazette (w. 6 00 London Jour. of Science (Newton’s) (mM. ) 4 00 Mechanic’s Magazine, (w.) 4 50 Nautical Magazine, (m.) | 4 00 Phytologist, (Q.) 38 60 Pharmaceutical Journal, (m.) 3 75 Philosophical Magazine. (m.) 10 50 Practical Mechanic’s Journal, (a) 3 75 Quarterly Jl. of Micr oscopical Science, (Q.) 5 00 Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, (Q.) 4 00 i ___ of the Chem: Soc, (Q.) 3 00 — of the Geol’l. Soc. (Q.) 5 00 Repertory of Arts and Inventions, (a.) 12 50 Zoist, (u.) 8 00 Zoologist, (a) 4 00 MEDICAL. FRENCH. Abeille Médicale (1’), (m:) 2 25 Annales d’Oculistique, (w.) 5 00 d’Hygiéne Publique et de Méd. Lég. (Q.) 6 75 —_ Medico- -Psychologiques (.) 4 50 Archives Générales de médecina, Q.) 7 50 Archives d’Ophthalmologie, (M.) 5 63 Archives de Physiologie, de Térapeutique et d’Hygieéne, paraissant tous les quatre mois, in 8, 8. 38 Chaque numero contient un mé- moire, (m.) 1.50 Bulletin de ’'académis de médecine, (m.) 5 63 de la Société Anatomique, (M.) 1 88 de la Société de Chirurg, (u.) 2 50 TRANSACTIONS OF VARIOUS SOCIETIES. Price of Vol. published 1850 Astronomical Society’s Memoirs, 4 50 Cornwall Geological Society, 8 25 Civil Engineers’ Society, 6 00 ——-- (Proceedings of) 3 OV Entomological Society (New Series) 75 Institute of British Architects, 712 Geological Society (Journal of), 1 20 Linnean Society, 9 00 Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, from 5 40 Microscopical Society of London, 2 25 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soc’y, 9 00 Provincial Medical Association, new series, 2 25 pepe of British Assoc’n for Ady’t, of Science, 3 00 5 général de Thér. Sceeees Gs uM.) 6 75 Gazette Médicale de Paris. ) 18 50 Hebdomadaire de Médecine, wr) “9 02 des Hopitaux, (8 w.) 11 98 Jour. de Pharm. et des Sciences acces- soires, (m.) 5 63 — des Connaissances Medicales (m.) 8 00 —— Medico-Chirur, (m.) 4 50 ————, de Médecine, M.) 3 75 - de la Société Gallicane de Méde- cine Home@opathique, (m.) 7 50 Mémoires de l’Acad. Nationale de Médé- cine, (x.) 5 00 Moniteur des Hépitaux, Bw.) § 25 Revue Médical Homceopathique, a 5 65 Répertoire de Pharmacie, M.) 2 25 Revue Médico-Chirur., M. Malgaigne, cn) 4 50 Médicale, . mM.) 7 50 Recueil de Médecine Vétérinaire, Oo 4 88 | Union (l’) Médicale, (8 w.) 12 00 ENGLISH. Association Medical and Surgical Jour- nal, (w.) 8 00 British Journal of Homeopathy, (Q.) 5 00 and Eoreign Med. and Chirur. Review, 5 00 Dublin Medical Journal, (Q.) 6 50 Goodsir’s Annals of Anatomy, per No., 1 00 Horticultnral Magazine, (4.) 3 75 Lancet, (w.) 10 00 Medical Times and Gazette, (w.) 10 00 Monthly Journal of Medical Seience, (a.) 7 25 Quarterly Journal of Public Health and Record of Epidemics and Hygiéne, (Q.) 3 75 Veterinarian, (Q.) 5 50 Winslow’s Journal Psychol. Medicine, 4 50 Royal Agricultural Society, Geographical Society, Engineers Professional Papers, Society of Edinburgh, of Arts, BRE Society, Transactions, 4to., Proceedings, 8vo. —_—<—<—S ee PRINTING SOCIETIES AND CLUE Cavendish, $7 per year, Ray, . . $7 90 Sydenham, $7 50 do. Celtic, ST 50 do. Hakluyt,. $7 50 do. Palwontographical, $7 50 LIST OF VALUABLE WORKS On Mathematics, Engineering, Architecture, d-c., for which H. B. is Agent: BLOUET—TRAITE THEORIQUE ET PRATIQUE DE L’ART DE BATIR SUPPLEMENT a Pouvrage de Jean Rondelet. 2 vols. 4to., et atlas in folio de 105 planches - «. 13 00 BORGNIS ET DURAND—TRAITE ELEMENTAIRE DE CONSTRUCTION APPLIQUER a l’Architecture civile; contenant les principes qui doivent diriger : le choix et la pre- paration des materiaux; la configuration et les proportions des parties qui constituent les edifices en general, etc. 1 vol. 4to., et atlas de 30 planches in folio . = . 500 COMBES—TRAITE DE L’EXPLOITATION DES MINES. 3 vols. 8vo. avec atlas de 68 planches. Cet ouvrage est le plus complet et le meilleur qui existe sur cette matiere . 12 00 EMY—TRAITE DE L’ART DE LA CHARPENTERIE. 2 vols. Syo., avec atlas de 157 planches, petit in folio . é = = : 5 s . . 2250 FLACHAT, BARRAULT ET PETIET—TRAITE DE LA FABRICATION DE LA FONTE et du Fer, envisagee sous les rapports Chimique, Mechanique et Commercial. Un atlas _ de 86 pl., grand format, dont 5 doubles, et i fort volume 4to., a 2 colonnes de ‘texte, divise en trois parties . : s P : : ‘ 3 « 8750 LEBLANC—LE MECANICIEN CONSTRUCTEUR, OU ATLAS ET DESCRIPTION DES organes des machines. 2d edition, revue, corrigee et augmentee par Felix Tourneux, ingenieur. 1 vol. grand 4to., avec atlas de 25 planches . - é «Vere O0 LEROY—TRAITE DE GEOMETRIE DESCRIPTIVE, AVEC UNE COLLECTION D’EPARES, composee de 71 planches. 2 vols. 4to.textand plates . - M a - 800 —-TRAITE DE STEREOTOMIE, COMPRENANT LES APPLICATIONS DE LA GEO- metrie Descriptive a la Theorie des Ombres, la Perspective Lineaire, la Gnomonique, la Coupe des Pierres et la Charpente. 2e edit., 1 vol. 4to., avec une atlas de 74 planches in folio, dont 5 doubles s i 3 2). Sie : 2 - 900 LETAROUILLY—EDIFICES DE ROME MODERNE, 0U RECUEIL DES PALAIS, MAI- sons, eglises, couvents et autres monuments publics et particuliers les plus remarqua- bles de la ville de Rome. Ouvrage compose de 231 planches grand format, devisees en deux parties, chacune de 20 liv., et chaque partie accompagnee d’un beau vol. de texte 4to. Liege. - 5 = : z : 5 : - é - 50 00 NORMAND—MONUMENTS FUNERAIRES DES CIMETIERES DE PARIS ET DES principales villes de France et de l’Etranger = ° ° - . - 1000 -~— PARIS MODERNE, OU CHOIX DE MAISONS CONSTRUITES DANS LES NOU- veaux quartiers de la Capitale et dans ses environs. Trois parties comprenant ensem- ble 478 planches . : - - : : . : - 86 00 PAMBOUR—THEORIE DES MACHINES A VAPEUR. 4to.,etatlasenfolio . « 900 PEOLET (E.)—TRAITE DE LA CHALEUR, CONSIDEREE DANS SES APPLICATIONS. Troisieme edition entierement refondue. Un atlas de 122 planches et un vol. de texte. 19°0 Liege * ° $ F ee * O- ‘ ; ’ . ‘ a 0 —— LE SUPPLEMENT SEPAREMENT, 1853, 4to. . . . alk . ~ 28 PREMIERS GRANDS PRIX D’ARCHITECTURE. Projects couronnes par l’Academie zopeie des Beaux-Arts de France, depuis 1779 jusqu’a nos jours. Ouyrage compose de os ah 41 pl. . . ° : F . . . . . 7 . REYNAUD—TRAITE DE ARCHITECTURE, CONTENANT DES NOTIONS GENERALES sur les Principes de la Construction et sur l’Histoire de Art. Folio and 4to. text . 18 00 ROUX (AINE)—FERMES MODELES, OU RECUEIL DE CONSTRUOTIONS RURALES et Communales, comprenant un choix d’exemples des batiments necessaires aux divers degres de l’exploitation agricole ; presente en Plans, Coupes, Elevations, Details en Constructions. 60 planches avec texte ; x ‘ P ‘ ° - 1650 SGANZIN (J..\—PROGRAMME OU RESUME DES LECONS D’UN COURS DE CON- struction, avec des applications tirees specialment de )’art de l’ingenieur des ponts et chaussees. 5e edit., enrichie d’un atlas volumineux, par M. Reibell. 4 vols. 4to., aveo un atlas in folio, demi-jesus, compose de 180 planehes_ . fe a) ee - 8000 ZASTROWHISTOIRE DE LA FORTIFICATION PERMANENTE. Ouvrage traduit de Allemand par Neuens, major d’artillerie, 1 vol Svo. avec atlas de 18 planches, grand 5.00 format . ‘ ‘ ° ° . . ° . . . . . A CATALOGUE STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, PUBLISHED BY : H. BAILLIERE, No. 290 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, No. 219 REGENT STREET, LONDON, AND RUE HAUTEFEUILLE, PARIS. H.B., haying Houses in Lonpon and Pans, is enabied to supply Books and Periodicals with the ut- most regularity, and at moderate rates. He receives and sends a case by every steamer, and having communications with most of the Scientific men and institutions in England and France, undertakes the transmission to or from Europe of parcels, &c., at a small charge. Agent for the Revuz pEs Deux Monpss, published on the Ist and 15th of every month Price $12 per annnm. {ss" Catalogues, Prospectuses, &c., of Books and Surgical Instruments, may be had [gratis] on application. A liberal discount allowed to the Trade. Books, Instruments, &c., imported for Colleges, &c., free of duty. In most cases where any have been reprinted in this country, the prices have been reduced to the same as those of the reprints. “ Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geology, Astronomy, Rural Economy, ec, Blakey ). History of Logical Science from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, by Robert Blakey, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, Queen’s College, Belfast, Author of the History of the Philosophy of Mind, 1 vol. demy 8vo - : A w . 300 Boussinganlht. Rural Economy; inits Relations with Chemistry, Physics and Meteorology. By J. B. Boussingault, Member of the Institute of France, 2d Edition, with Notes, care- fally revised and corrected, 1 vol. yo. cloth boards. London. 1845 = a 3 Brewster (Sir David). The Natural History of Creation, iniyol. royalSyo. Illustrated » with Engravings and Woodcuts. Jn preparation. Campbell. A Practical Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry, including the Preparations of Substances, and their Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses, with Organic Analysis. By Dugald Campbell. Demonstrator of Practical Chemistry to the University College. 12mo, London, 1849 : A : - 18 Chapman. A Brief Description of the Characters of Minerals; forming a familiar Intro- duction to the Science of Mineralogy. By Edward J. Chapman. 1 vol. 12mo, with 3 plates, London, 1844 ( 7 ; : 4 : 3 . : . F Practical Mineralogy; or, a Compendium of the distinguishing Characters of Mine- rals; by which the Name of any Species or Variety in the Mineral Kingdom may be speedily ascertained. By Edward J. Chapman. Syo. Illustrated with 13 engravings, showing 270 specimens, London, 1343 5 : : Chemical Society (Quarterly Journal of the). 6 vols. Svo, London, isis—52 ; s : s 5 5 ‘ 7 i A ° . 18 60 Published Quarterly. Each Part ‘ é r P P . 0 Dumas and Boussingault. The Chemical and Physiological Balance of Organic Nature: an Essay. By J. Dumas and J. B. Boussingault, Members of the Institute of France. 1yol.12mo. London, 1844 ‘ 5 Fau. The Anatomy of the External Forms of Man ge rac Edited by RB. Knox, MD., with gece — and 28 4to. plates, 1842, Plain. : é s 2 4 or ‘ é ‘ s ‘ . ‘ 10 00 $a 4 50 00 100. i STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. = Fourier. The Passions ofthe Human Soul. Translated from the French by the Reverend Jobn R. Morrell, with Critical Annotations, a Biography of Fourier, and a General Intro- duction, by Hugh Doherty. 2 vols. Syo. London, 1851 ‘. . * . Erazer (W.) Elements of Materia Medica, containing the Chemistry and Natural History of Drugs; their Effects, Doses and Ei ® with the imi of the British Phar- macopeias. 8vo. London, 1851 spac (L.) A a a of Lectures on Civil Engineering aed Msceateet “Ato: London, aca am. — of Chemistry ; . elon the Sakation of the ites 3 in | the Arba. By T. Graham, F.R.S. L. & E., Professor of Chemistry jat University College, London. 2d Edition, entirely revised and greatly enlarged, copiously illustrated with Woodeuts. Vol. 1, 1850, Published in London at 2Is. sterling Wiumboldt. Kosmos: a General Survey of the Physical Phenomena of the Universe. By Baron A. Humboldt. The original English Edition, 2 vols. post Syo. London, 1848 . Kezemitz. A complete Course of Meteorology. By L. F. Kemetz, Professor of Physies at the University of Haile. With Notes by Ch. Martins, and an Appendix by L. Lalanne. Trans- lated, with Additions, by C. V. Walker. 1 vol. post Svo. pp. 624, with 15 Plates, cloth boards, Knapp. Chemical Technology, or Chemistry applied to the Arts and to Manufactures. By F, Knapp, Professor at the University of Giessen. Edited, with numerous Additions, by Dr. E. Rona.ps, Professor of Chemistry at Queen’s College, Galway; and Dr. Tuomas RICHARD-. SON, of Neweastle-on- Tyne. Illustrated with 600 large Woodcuts and 7 Colored Plates. $a & 00 2 00 3 vols. 8yo. London, 1848—1851 . 13 00 Vol. III. Containing Sugar, Tea, Flour, &e, With 7 Colored Plates. 5 Leon (Johm A.) The Art of Manufacturing and Refining Sugar, including the Manufac- ture and Reyivification of Animal Charcoal. ‘With 14 Plates, illustrative of the Mae and Building. Largefolio. London, 1850 Liebig. Chemistry and Physics, in relation to Phar iology ad Pathaluen By Baron Justus Liebig, Professor of ae ae at the ja of Giessen. 2d nae 8yo. London, 1847. j Fiemoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Sapieie of Man-= chester. (Second Series.) Vol. 9, 8vo. with Woodcuts and Plates. London, 1851. ' Wiitcheli(J.) Manuel of Practical Assaying, intended for the use of Metallurgists, Captains of Mines and Assayers in General. W itha copious Table, fer the purpose of ascertaining in Assays of Gold and Silver the precise amount, in Ounces, Pennyweights, and Grains, of noble Metal contained in one ton of Ore from a given quantity. 1 vol. post 8vo. London, 1846 Treatise on the Adulterations of Food, and the Chemical Means employed to detect them. Containing Water, Flour, Bread, Milk, Cream, Beer, Cider, Wines, Spirituous Liquors, Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, Sugar, Honey, Lozenges, Cheese, Vinegar, Pickles, ice) Sauce and Paste, Catsup, Olive "(Salad) Oil, Pepper, Mustard. 12mo. London, 1848 s Wiwllier. Principles of Physics and Meteorology. By J. Maller, M.D. Illustrated with 530 Woodcuts, and 2 colored Plates, Svo. London, 1847 - Nicol, Astronomy Historically and Scientificallv developed, howie the Rise of ihe Science from its Growth, and the Character of the illustrious Men who have contributed to it. By J. _ P. Nicol, Professor of Astronomy in the University of Glasgow. 2vols. 8yo. Illustrated ‘by Plates and Woodeuts. In preparation. The Architecture ofthe Heavens. Ninth Edition, entirely revised and greatly enlarged. Illustrated with 23 Steel Engravings and numerous Woodeuts. Syo. London, 1851 Our Planetary Sy stem, its Order and Eby Structure. 12mo. with Woodcuts. Lon- don, 1850 Quekett (J.) Lectures on Histology, deliv, ered at the Royal College of Surgeons of Eng- land. Illustrated by 80 Woodents. &vo. 1852 Practical Treatise on the Use of the Microscope. Illustrated with 12 Steel Plates and Wood Engravings. 2d Edition. London, 1852 Practical Treatise on Minute Injection, and the Application of the Microscope to Diseased Structure. Syo, Illustrated with Engraved Plates and Woodcuts. Jn the press. Reid. Rudiments of Chemistry, with Illustrations of the Chemistry of Daily Life, by D, B. Reid, M.D., Lecturer on Chemistry, formerly one of Her Majesty’s Commissioners for the Health of Tow ns in England. 4th Edition, with 130 Woodeuts. 12mo. 1850 Regnault. An Elementary Treatise on Crystallography. Illustrated with 108 Wood Engravings, printed on black ground. Syo, London, 1848 e - Reichenbach (carom Cha rle+*). Physico-Physiological Researches on the Dyna- mics of Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystalisation and Chemism, in their Relations to Vital Force. The complete Work from the German Second Edition, with Additions, a Preface and Critical Notes, by Joun ti M.D. 8yo. With Woodcuts and one Plate. London, 1850 i Richardson. Geology for Beginners; comprising a Familiar Ex osition of the ‘Blenuants of Geology and its Associate Sciences, Mineralogy, Fossil Conchology, Fossil Botany, and Paleontology. By G. F. Richardson, BGS. 2d Edition, post 8vo. With 251 Woodeuts. Richardson and Ronaltds. Metallurgy; and the Chemistry of the Metals, In8 yols. 8vo. Illustrated with numerous Wood Engravings. Inthe press Stars and the arth. The Stars and the Earth; or, pr oaemate upon Space, i and Eternity. 4th Edition, Eighth thousand, 2 Partsin1,18mo London, 1850 . Stockhar it. The Principles of Chemistry, illustrated by Simple Experiments, Translated from the German Edition With 218 Woodeuts. 12mo Cambridge, 1850 M Thomson. Chemistry of Organic Bodies—Vegetables) By Thomas Thomson, MD, F.B.S.,L & E, Regius Professor of Chemistry in the University of Glasgow ‘Corresponding Member of the Roy val Academy of Paris. I large vol. 8yo. pp. 1092, boards. London, 1838. — 5 00 . 18 00 0 75 2 00 175 0 62 0 75 175. STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. i - ~~ — Heat and Electricity. Bi editian, drat Syo. Illustrated et Noodguiss Lor. im 1839 8 —_— —— Chemistry of Animal Badies. 8y0. Edinburgh, 1843, 2 50 Thomson (Kk. DB.) British Annual and Epitome of the Progress of Science. "By R. D. Thomson, Assistant Professor ia the beta ie of Glasgow. 3 vols. 1837, 38,39. 18mo. cloth boards, lettered, each ; 075 Weisbach (J.) Principles of the Moohaniiey of machinery hd igiceaing, 2 voles Syo. _ Illustrated with 200 Wood Engravings. London, 1848 - . . 750 Anatomy, Medicine, Surgery, and Natural History. Bernard and Huette. [Illustrated Manual of Operative Surgery and of Surgical Anatomy, by MM. Bernard and Huette, edited, with Notes, and Additions, and adapted tothe use of the American student, by W. H. Van Buren, M.D , Surgeon to Bellevue Hospital, and C E Isaacs, M.D, Demonstrator of Anatomy College ‘of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Mllustrated with Sieel engravings, from drawings after TS by Leveill¢, &e. 8vo. New York, 1852. 4 Parts. ~ Colored plates, ber Part . 2 3 00 Plain do : 1 S Canton (4.) The Teeth and their Preservation, in Infancy: os Manhood to Old pee 12mo. with Woodcuts od 09 Courtenay. Pathology and Rational iscencrentt of Bisichuss of the arc in all its Varieties and Compli ications, with Observations on the Use and Abnse of Uretliral Instruments. The whole illustrated by numerous Cases. By F. B. Courtenay, M-R.CS., Ke. 4th Edition, 5vo. London, 1843 12 — A Few Words on Perineal Section, as recommended by Professor Syme, for the Cure of Stricture of the Urethra. Svo. London, 1550 f 1 0% Practical Observations on the Chronic Enlargement of the Paeata Gland in Old People: with Mode of Treatment. By Francis B. ‘Courtenay 8yo. with numerous Cases and Plates London, 1839 ~ 200 ‘A Treatise on the Cure of Stricture of the Urethra; with Practical Observations on the Treatment of Spermatorrhea by Cauterisation. 8vyo. Boards. 1251 - 100 Cruvelhier and Bonamy. Atlas of the Descriptive Anatomy of the nee Body. By J. Cruyelhier, Professor of Anatomy to the Faculty of Medicine, Paris. With Explana- tions by C Bonamy. Containing 82 Plates of Osteology, Byndericuens and My ilners 4to. London, 1844. Plain oi . ; . 15 00 —_——— Colored - - 22 00 Eau. The Anatomy ofthe Mxternal Forms of Man (or Artists), Plajn.: Edited by R. Kxox, #. M.D. with spe e 8yo. ie and 28 4to. Plates. London, 4 oe ; 6 00 ——— Color . 10 00 Gerber and Gulliver. Temes of the Baticrak and ining wshet of Man and the Mammalia; chiefly after Original Researches. By Professor Gerber..'To which is added an Appendix, comprising Researches on the Anatomy of,the Blood, Chyle, Lympbh,'Thymous Fluid, Tubercle, and Additions, by C.Gulliver, F.R.S. Iniyol Svo, Text, and an Atlas of 84 Plates, engraved by L. Aldous. 2vyols.8vo. Cloth boards, 1842 -. - 600 Grant. General View of the Distribution of Extinct Animals. By Robert E Grant, MD. F.RB.S. L. & E., Professor of Comparative Anatomy at the University College, London. In the “ British Annual, » 1839. 18mo London, 1839 0 75 a nthe Principles of Classification, as applied to ‘the Primary Divisions of the Animal Kingdom. In the “British Annual,” 138. i8mo. Llustrated with 28 Woodeuts, London, 1838 F 0 75 Outlines of Comparative Anatomy. Bro. ‘Tihusteated with 148 Woodcuts; boards, London, 1833—4L_— yx 7 00 Ball (Mar-hali.) On the Diseases = Derkuuensents of the Meets Sy: sin, in their Primary Forms, and in their modifications by Age, Sex, Constitution, Hereditary” eee el sition, Excesses, General Disorder and Organic ‘Disease. By Marshall Hall, M.D., F.2.S L. GE. &vo. with 8 engraved Plates. London, IS4L : : - 2 The foltmcing is an Appendix to the above Work. . On the Mutual Relations between Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapenties and the Practity of Medicine; being the Gulstonian Lectures for 1842. S8yo. with 2 Colored Plates and | Plain. London, 1842 1 23 — New Memoir on the Nervous System, true Spinal Marrow, and its Anatomy, Physto- logy, Pathology,and Therapeutics to. with 5 engraved Plates. London, 1848 { 5 00 Hiemr que». Etiological, Pathological and Therapeutical Reflections on the Asiatic Cholera, as observed in Europe, Asia Minor, and Egypt. &vo. London, 1848. . 0 87} Jomes (W.) An Essay on some of the most important Diseases of Women, with a De- scription of a Novel Invention for their Treatment and Relief. Second Edition. ¢vo. London, 1850 0 2 Practical Observations on the Diseases of Women, s showing the necessity of Physical SI Examination, and the Use and Application of the a ag Illustrated by = ood- cuts and Colored Plates. 8vo. ondon, !830 175 Lebsuudy. The Anatomy of the Regions iiterostead in the Sin gical Operaiticns performed ud upon the Human Body; with Occasional Views of the Pathological Condition, which render’ ~~ the interference of the Surgeon necessary. In a Series of 24 plates, the Size of Life. a, Lebaudy. Folio London, 1845 ° ‘8 00 Lee. The Anatomy ofthe Nerves of the Uterus, By Robert Lee, MD., FBS, Folio, ri. 9" engraved Plates. Lonc on, 1241 F : , 200 iv STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. - WWaddock. Practical Observations on the Efficacy of Medicated Inhalations in the Treat- ment of Pulmonary Consumption. By Dr. Maddock. 8rd Edition. 8vo. with a colored Plate. London, 1846 7 2 + . : - 150 Wartin. A General Introduction tothe Natural History of Mammiferous Animals: with a particular View of the Physical History of Man, and the more closely allied Genera of the Order “Quadrumana,” or Monkeys. Illustrated with 296 Anatomical, Osteological, and other Engravings on Wood, and 12 full-plate Representations of Animals, drawn by W. Harvey. 1 vol. 8yo. London, 1841 : > 7 - 400 Rloreau (Professor). Icones Obstetrice; a Series of 60 Plates and Text, Mlustrative of the Art and Science of Midwifery in all its Branches. By Moreau, Professor of Midwifery to the Faculty of Medicine, Paris. Edited, with Practical Remarks, by J. 8. Streeter, M.R.C.S. Folio. Cloth boards. London, 1841. Price, plain = . R - 15 00 Colored. . . . : . . - - Gwen. Odontography; or, a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy of the Teeth, their Physiological Relations, Mode of Development, and Microscopical Structure in the Verte- brate Animals. By Richard Owen, F.R$., Corresponding Member of the Royal Academy df Sciences, Paris and Berlin; Hunterian Professor to the Royal College of Surgeons, London. This splendid Work is now completed. 2 vols. royal.8vo. containing 168 plates, halfbound : russia, London, 1840—45 ; : « s 5 3 ~ 36 00 Phillips. Scrofula: its Nature, Prevalence, Causes, and the Principles of Treatment. By Benjamin Phillips, F.R.S., Surgeon and Lecturer on Surgery to the Westminster Hospital. €vo. with an engraved Plate. London, 1846 5 A : : - 800 —— A Treatise on the Urethra; its Diseases, especially Stricture, and their Cure. 8yo. boards. London, 1832 - ‘ . - 2 : , 200 Prichard. The Natural History of Man; comprising Inquiries into the Modifying Infu- ence of Physical and Moral Agencies on the different Tribes of the)Human Family. By James Coles Pritchard, M.D.,F.R.S,M.R.LA. Corresponding Member of the National In- stitute, of the Royal Academy of Medicine and of the Statistical Society of France; Mem- ber of the American Philosophical Society, &c. &c. 8rd Edition, enlarged, with 50 colored and 5 plain Illustrations, engraved on Steel, and 97 Engravings on Wood, royal 8vo. elegantly bound in cloth. London, 1848 5 : 4 - a —_-—— Appending to the First and Second Editions of the Natural History of Man, large 8yo. with 6 colored Plates. London, 1845 &1848. Each : : 3 : Six Ethnographical Maps, as a Supplement to the Natural History of Man, and to the Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. Folio, colored, and 1 sheet of letter-press, in cloth boards, 2d Edition. London, 1850 A : 2 5 3 -_—_—— Illustrations to the Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. Atlas of 44 colored and 5 plain Plates, engraved on Steel, large 8vyo. Boards. London, 1841 a er On the Different forms of Insanity, in Relation to Jurisprudence (Dedicated to the ¥ Lord Chancellor of England.) 12mo. London, 1842 : . 3 - 1.25 Bayer. A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Skin. By P. Rayer, MD, Physician to the Hépital de la Charité. Translated by R. Willis, MD. 2d Edition, remodelled and much enlarged, in 1 thick vol. 8vo. of 1,800 pages, with Atlas, royal 4to, of 26 Plates, finely engraved, and colored with the greatest care, exhibiting 400 varieties of Cuta- neous Affections. 1830. 5 Z : 5 4 : - 20 00 The Text separately, 8vo. in boards .« : . . - 700 The Atlas 4to. separately, in boards 2 . : ° - 16 00 Wyan. The Philosophy of Marriage, in its Social, Moral, and Physical Relations; with an ‘Account of the Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs, with the Physiology of Generation in the Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms. By M. Ryan, M.D. 4th Edition, greatly improved, lyol, 12mo. London, 1843 - ‘ 5 4 - ( Pee ©") Shuckard. Essay on the Indigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera; comprising a Description of the British Species of Burrowing Sand Wasps contained in all the Metropolitan Collections; with their habits, as far as they have been observed. 8vo. with 4 Plates. London, 1887 - 250 Plate I, is wanting. -——_——. Elements of British Entomology. Partl. 1839. 8yvo . . ‘ - 200 Streeter (J. 8.) See Mornav. Trousseau and Reveilk. The Prescriber’s Complete Handbook, comprising the Prin- ciples of the Art of Prescribing, with a List of Diseases and their appropriate Remedies, a Materia Medica containing all the Principal Medicines employed, classified according to their Natural Families, with their Properties, Preparations and Uses, and a Concise Sketch of Toxicology. By Trousseau, Professor of the Faculty of Med, Paris, and M. Reyeil. - Edited, with Notes, by J. Brrxerck Nevins, M.D, London, 1852.",12m0. PE True and False Spermatorrhe@a. 8vo. 1852 > fs 4 : Vogel and Day. The Pathological Anatomy of the Human Body. ‘ere Vogel, M.D. ‘Translated from the German, with Additions, by George E. Day, M.D., Professor to the University of St. Andrew’s. Dlustrated with upwards of 100 plain and colored Engray- ings, 8vo. loth, London, 1847 . . : E " : - 800 Waterhouse. A Natural History of the Mammalia, By G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., of the 3ritish Museum, Vol. I, containing the Order Marsupiata, or Pouched Animals, with 22 Iilustrations, engraved on Steel, and 18 Engrayings on Wood, royal Syo. elegantly bound in ‘ cloth, colored plates. : ‘ . ‘ ‘ : are | —_—_—_———— Plain F eu ———— Vol. II, containing the Order Rodentia; or, Gnawing ‘Mammalia; with 22 Iustra- tions, engraved on Steel, and engravings on Wood, royal Syo, elegantly bound in cloth, colored Viates London, 1848 ° : 5 . . H —_————— Plain ° . . . . . . The Nutural History of Mammalia is intended to embrace an account of the structure and STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. habits of all the known species of Quadrupeds, or Mammals; to which will be added, observations upon their geogr weet distribution and classification. Since the fossil and recent species illustrate each other, tt ¢s also intended to include notices of the lead- tng characters of the extinct species. The Genera, and many of the species, are Mustrated by Engravings on Steel, and by Wood- cuts. The modifications observable in the structure of the skulls, teeth, “feet, and other parts, are almost entirely illustrated by Steel Engravings. Williams. Elements of Medicine; Morbid Poisons. By Robert at MD., oe. cian to St. Thomas’s Hospital. 2 vols, Svo. London, 1836—41. Willis. Illustrations of Cutaneous Disease: 2 Series of Delineations of the Affections of the Skin, in their more interesting and frequent forms; with a Practical Summary of their Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment, including appropriate Formule. By Robert Willis, M.D., Member of the Royal College of Physicians. The Drawings are after Nature, and Lithographed by Arch. Henning. These Illustrations are comprised in 94 Plates, folio. The Drawings are Originals, carefully colored. Bound in cloth, lettered. London, 1843 On the Treatment of Stone in the Bladder by Moilical and ae ae — 1842 y. : 7 00 - 30 09 ‘ Botany. Babington. Primitie Flore Sarnice; or, an Outline of the Flora of the Channel Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. . 12mo. London, 1839 : Booker. Icones Plantarum. By Sir W. J. Hooker, Director ofthe Royal Botinte Gardens, Kew. New Series, Vols. I—IV, containing 100 Plates eels, with bere apes) 8yo ee London, 1542—1#44, Each vol. A Vol IV. Part 2. Eondon, 1843 The London’ Journal of Botany. "Vols. I—VL with 24 Plates each, boards, 184247. Now reduced to $5 each Vol. Notes on the Botany of the Antarctic Voyage, conducted by Caprary James OLaRk Ross, R.N., F.R.S., in H.M.S. Zrebus and Terror: with observations on the Tussac Grass of the Falkland Islands, Syo. with 2 colored Plates. London, 18438. ————. Niger Flora: or, an Enumeration of the Plants of Western Tropical Africa, Collected by the late Dr. Th. Vogel, Botanist to the Voyage of the Expedition sent by Her Britannic Majesty to the River Niger i in 1841, under the Command of Capt. H. D. Trotter, R.N., in- cluding Spicilegia Gorgonea, by P. B. Webb, and Flora Nigritiana, by Dr. J. D. Hooker "and George Bentham. With 2 Views, a Map, and 50 Plates. Syo. London, 1849 . plete tf (Je) Ea at of South Americas sani Vol. L 4to. With34 Plates. London, Schleiden. “The Plant ; a Biography; ina Series of Popular. Lectures on Botany: Edited and Translated by A. Henfrey, ¥ LS. Syo. with 5 colored Plates, and 13 id an Lon- don,iS48_ = = - ‘ 1 00 5 00 9 @ 4 00 Homeopathic. ees (Deg Tim) Bearlatings its Treatment soe e 8yo. ae seine Recirinecnxs Mannal.s of Banieopathic Therapentics, intended as a Guide to the Study of Materia Medica Pura. Translated, with Additions, by J. Laurie, M.D. vo. 1848. Black. A Treatise on the Principles of Homeopathy. Svo. Logdon, 1842 y Curie (P.F., NI.B.) Practice of Homeopathy. ivol. 8yo. gee 1888 rinciples of Homeopathy. 1 vol. Svo. London, 1837 J Jabr’s Homeopathy. New Edition, 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1847. See Jann. : Domestic Practice ef Homeopathy. 3d Edition, 1850 Budgeon. The Pathogenetic Cyclopedia, a Systematic iT amare “and Analysis of the Homeopathic Materia Medica. Vol. I. S8yo. “London, 1850 Dunsford (Harris). The Pathogenetic Effects of some of the Principal Hotheopathin Remedies. Syo. London, 1838 The Practical Advantages of Homeopathy, illustrated by numerous Cases, 1 vol, 8vo. boards. 1841 4 Epps. Domestic othmopathy': or, Rules for the Domestic Treatment of the Maladies of nfants, Children, and Adults, and for the Conduct and Treatment — Pregnacy, Confine- ment, and Suckling. 4th Edition, 12mo. London, 1844 : Everest (WT. ®.) A Popular View of Homeopathy; exhibiting the Present State of the Science, 2nd Edition, amended and much enlarged. Syvo. London, 1886 A Letter addressed to the Medical Practitioners of Great Britain on the Subject of Homeopathy. 8vo. London, 1834 é Gunther. New Manual of Hoth mopathie Veterinary Medicine; or the Homeopathic Treat- ment of the Horse, the Ox, the Dog, and other Domestic ‘Animals. “Translated from the 8d German Edition, with considerable Additions and ce aged ements. Post vid cloth. London, 1847 Hehnemann. Leet Writings Collested and Translated by R. E. Dudgeon, a D~ 8y0. 1851. Londonedition. 8vo. . : — - 1 124 1 50 0 8T 3 00 ‘ vi STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 3 c- feasts erdusiaeniins Materia Medica Pura. Part 1. 4to. By Drgeaale, rice and Black. London, 1852. Published by the Hahnemann Society - 500 Hiamilton. A Guide to the Practice of Homcopathy. Pravslatelle and conipites in ry aia Onierr from the German of Ruoff, Haas, and Ruckert, with Additions. 12mo- ie ° - 18 ——— The Flora peinesapathion: or "iluabauens and Descriptions of thre Modicthal Plants used as Homeopathic Remedies. Svo. with 3 Colored Plates. 1851. Partsito 12. Each. (A Part appears Monthly) . 0 874 Harrai (FE. Blagdon). Popiitat Outlines of Hommoppathyr 24mo. “London, 4840 - 025 Henriques The Homeopathic Medical Dictionary and Home Guide. 12mo. 1851 « 1B Homeopathic Handbook, and Clinical Guide for the Treatment of Diseases, Trans- lated from the German by D.Spillan, M.D. 12mo. 1851 5 3 3 00 Homeopathic Pharmacopeia and Posology (New) s or the Mode of Preparing Homceopathic Medicines, and the Administration of Doses. From the Work of Buchner and Gruner. 12mo. 1850 - 200 Jahr. Manual of Homeopathic Medicine. tn 2 Parts, Pat x Pyots Me CA Part II. Toeraprvutican and SymproMAToLocicaL Reposirory. Translated from the 4th Edition, and Edited with Additions, by P. F. Currie, M.D. 2vols. 8vo. London, 1847 Same price as of the reprint 6 00 Pocket Dictionary and Concordance of Homeopathic Practice ; a Clinical Guide and ‘Repertory forthe Treatment of Acute and Chronic Diseases. Translated by C. J. Hempel. Revised and Edited by J. Laurie. 12mo. London, 1850 : . - 000 Laurie (J-, ¥i.6.) An Epitome of Homeopathic Domestic Mealicine 12mo. 5th Edition. London; 1851. : Friel Hie Elements of Homeopathic Practice of Physic. Byo. 1847 : - 475 Homeopathic Domestic Medicine. 6th Edition. Svo. London, 1851 475 The Parent’s Guide; a Treatise on the Method of Rearing Children from. their In- fancy ; Comprising the essential Branches of Moral and Epic “Edueation. 12mo. Lon- don, 1849 s : Pe Se (5 Marsden. Noteson Fy cis 8yo. Tanda 1249 - - 2 Newman (George). Homeopathic Family Assistant. 2d Edition, 18mo, 1847 1 25 . A Concise Exposition of Bomunapallye its PRLS and Practice. With an Ap- pendix - 0 873 Rosenstein (J. G.) The Gonrparsiive Merits of yeh the old Medical Practice, and Pen ORaIny, the Reformed Medical Practice; Saueny, illustrated. 8yvo. Mon- treal, 1846 . 200 Russell. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera, with a Map slew the Course of ime ee from India to Britain. Svo. London,1849 . . . 3 60 Simpson (V2.9.) Practical View of Homeopathy. 8yo. Cinttvis 128386 : - 800 Weldam (S.) Homeopathy in Acute Diseases. Svo. 2d Edition. London, 1850 ie Say {4 Wiesmerism. Ashburner (J.) Facts in Clairvoyance, with Observations on Mesmerism, and its Appli- cation to the Philosophy of Medicine, and to the Cure of Disease. 8yo. London,1848 . 0 25 Barth. A Manual of Mesmeric Practice, intended for the Instruction of ogee 2a Edition. 12mo. London, 1850 . 0% Baumann. Curative Results of Medical Bammer consisting of several “sutaienltah cated Cases, including the Somnambule’s own Case and Cure. 8yo. “London, 1849 - 0387 Buckland. The Handbook of Mesmerism. 3d Edition. 12mo.° London, 1851 - 030 Capern (Thos.) The iy aca! Curative Powers of Mesmerism pred in a Hundred and fifty Cases. 12mo : - 075 Early Magnetism, in its Higher Relations to Humanity; as yeiled in the Poets and the Prophets. By THUOS MATHOS. 8yo. cloth. London, 1846 125 Elliotson. Numerous Cases of Surgical Operations without Pain in the Mesmerié State; with Remarks upon the Opposition of ma By Members of the Royal Medical and Chirur: cal Society, and others, to the Reception of the inestimable blessings * Mesmerism y John Elliotson, M.D. Cantab, F.R.S. 8yo. London, 1843 ; . 0 75 Haddock. Somnolism and Psycheism, otherwise Vital aceite or Mesmerisin: 8d Edition. 12mo. London,1851 . of kt ae Jones. The Curative Power of Vital Magnetism; Verified by Actaal Application to numer- ous Cases of Diseases. 12mo. London, 1245 ‘ - 025 Kiste. Mesmerism; or, Facts against Fallacies. irs a Letter to the ey Gad Sandby. 1gmo. London, 145° ® - 0% Reichenbach, Physico-Physiclogical Researches 0 on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Elee- tricity, Heat, Ligut, Orystallisation, and Chemism, in their Relations to Vital. Force, b Baron Charles Reichenbach. The Complete Work from the German second Edition, wit Additions, Preface, and Critical Notes, by John AeeDe,, M.D. Syo. with Wee and 1 Plate. London, 1850 . ° ° Sandby. Mesmerism and its Opponents. 2d Edition. deme 1948 ° Teste. A Practical Manual of Animal Magnetism; containing an Exposition of the Methods employed in producing the Magnetic Phenomena, with its Applioation to the 33 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Vii Treatment and Cure of Diseases. By A. Teste, M.D. Translated from the 2d Edition, by C. Spillan, MD. Dedicated to John Elliotson, M.D. Cantab. 12mo. London, 1843 FO Worwmnmsend. Facts in Mesmerism, with Reasons for a Dispassionate Inquiry into it. By the Rev. Ch. H. Towasend. Second edition, with a New Preface, and enlarged. 8yo. London, 1844 5 - 225 The most Philosophical Work on the subject. - Zoist. A Journal of Cerebral Physiology and Mesmerism, and their Application to Human aaa: , Published Quarterly, each Number - 0 623 » This Journal contains papers by Drs. Elliotson, Engeldue, Ashburner, &e. Thirty-siw Numbers have alr eady appeared, Nos. 1 to 36, forming 9 vols. 8yo. cloth boards. Each vol. - « 2S Vol. I. commenced April 1, 1843, nearly out of Print, $7 50. : Library of Wlustrated Standard Scientific Works. Beautifully printed and Illustrated. Original London Editions at the price of the Reprints, A Practical ‘Treatise om the Use of the Microscope. By John Quekett. Third Edition, with Additions, and Illustrated with 12 steel Plates fe 306 Wood engrayings. 8vo. "Price reduced to : 5 00 Whe Architecture of the Heavens. By PrOReRsor aT! rE: Nichol, LLD. Ninth Edition, entirely Revised and greatly Enlarged, with 25 steel Plates and numerous Wood- euts. vo. Price F 8 50 Vol. Hil. of Technology, or Olemnisiee nisoad to ‘the Arts and te Manufactures. By Drs. Knapp, Ronalds and Richardson, Vol. III. With 9 folio colored Plates and 129 Woodeuts. 8yo. - . Price $5. Vols. LandIi. 8 00 Miuller’s Principles of Physics and Beetousanen ry ee 530 Woodeuts and 2 colored Engravings. 8vo, 4.00 Weisbach’s Wechanics of Machinery and Engineering. Vols. t and IL, with 900 Woodcuts. : 2950 Graham’s Elements of Chemistry, wiki its ppiteition in the ints Second Edition, with innumerable Woodcuts. Yol. I. A 3 00 Faws Anatomy of the External Forms of Man. Hor Artist, Biited by R. Kvox,M.D. 8vo. And an Atlas of 28 Plates, 4to. Plain ¥ - 600 ————_ Colored ° : a * . . 10 00 Sey endich Society’s Publications. $7 00 per Year. Already Published. Graham ’s Reports and Memoirs. (Out of print.) Gmelin’s Hand=-book of Chemistry. 8 vols. Life and Works of Cavendish. Lehman’s Physiological Chemistry. 2 vols. 8yo. and Atlas. ——— NEW WORKS AND NEW EDITIONS. (Just published). Ethnographical Library. Conducted by Mr. Edwin Norris of the Asiatic Society. Vol. 1. The Native Races of the Indian Archipelago. Papuans. By George Windsor Earl. Post Syo. Mlustrated with 5 coloured Plates, 2 Maps, and Woodcuts. London, 1853. $2. Mimapp. Chemical Technology. (See p. ii. of this Catalogue.) Vol. 1. Containing Fuel and its Application. 2nd Edition, thoroughly Illustrated, 1854. $5. . Wiitemell (J-) Manual of Practical Assaying, intended for the use of Metallurgists, Captains of Mines and Assayers in General. With copious Table, for the purpose of ascertaining in Assays of Gold and Silver the precise amount, in Ounces, Pennyweights, and Grains, of noble metal contained in one ton of Ore from a given quantity. 2nd Edition, much enlarged, with Illustrations. London, 1854, $5. Quekett (J.) Lectures on Histology. (See p. ii. of this Catologue. ) Second Series. On the Structure of the Skeletons of Plants and Invertebrate Animals thoroughly illustrated. 8vo. London, 1854, $4. - INDEX » TO THE MOST IMPORTANT SUBJECTS CONTAINED IN THIS CATALOGUE. f= Those not paged refer to the Department of Medicine, Anatomy, &c., from page 1 to page 22. Abdomen.—Guthrie. Acoustics.—Chladin, 23. Bones.—¥lourens; Miescher ; Piorry; Richter; Stanski. Agricultwre.—Bouchardat, 23 ; Boussingault, 23; | Botany.—In addition to those under this head, Girardin, 23; Girardin et Dubreuil, 24; Kemp, 24; Low, 25 ; Mangon, 25; Payen et Richard, 25. Air (compressed).—Pravaz. Air passages.—Piorry. Alga.—Popular, 8; Agardh, 86-7; Harvey, 87 ; Hassell, 87 ; Ralf, 38. (See also Botany, page 36.) Algebra.—Boucharlat, 40; Bourdon, 40 ; Colenzo, 41; Tate, 43; Young, 43. Analysis.—Duhamel, 41 ; Leroy, 41 ; Monge, 42. Anatomy (pathological).—Cruveilhier ; Vogel, Gluge ; Money; Morgagni; Petrequin; Piro- goff; Robin; Thibert. Anatomy (general, descriptive, &c.)—Albinus ; Arnold; Beclard; Bell; Blandin; Blasius; Bleuland ; Bonamy and Beau; Bourgery ; Clo- quet; Cruikshanks; Encyclopédie Anatomi- que; Feigel; Flourens; Geoffroy; Gerber ; Giraldi; Guillot; Haller; Hamilton; Henle; Lebaudy ; Mascagni; Masse; Nuhn; Portal; Robin; Sappey ; Scarpa; Serres; Semering ; Todd; Velpeau; Walters; Weber. Anatomy (comparative).—Blainville ; Carus; Cuvier; Goethe; Grant; Homer; Meckel; Owen; Rousseau; Blainville, 27; Lawrence, 80; Strauss Durckheim, 81; Vrolick. Anatomy of the Skin.—Flourens. — of the Liver.—Favre. Arboriculture.—Dubreuil, 23; Selby, 31.’ Architecture.—Bland, 40 ; Claudel, 41 ; Moseley, 42; Wightwick; Barrett, 44; Billings, 44; Brown, 45; Carter, 45; Gailhabaud, 48; Gal- lerie de Toscane, 48; Gartner, 48; Gisors, 48; Gwilt, 48; Hearns, 49; Hittorff, 49 ; Jenkins, 50; Labasco, 50; Laborde, 50; Ledoux, 50; — Vaticano, 51; Popp, 52; Pugh, 52. (See also Illustrated Works.) Arithmetic.—Barlet, 40; Bourdon, 40; Colenso, 41; Gauss, 41; Lacroix, 41; Tate, 43. Arts and Sciences.—Aiken ; Crabb, 23; Fran- cceur, 23. Art-Manufactures.—(See Illustrated Works.) Arteries and Veins.—Dubreuille; Gendrin; Lee; Manec; Scarpa; Tiedemann. Astronomy.—Airy; Grant, 24; Herschel, 24; Schedeler ; Arago, 27, 40, Astronomical Obser- vations, 40; Bailly, 40; Bode, 40; Bernouille, 40; Biot, 40; Cagnoli, 40; Damoiseau, 41; Daru, 41; Dupuis, 41; Emmanuel, 41; Fran- cour, 41; Fuss, 41; Guynemer, 41; Laplace, 41; Pontecoulant, 42 ; Struve, 42 ; Nichol, 52. Atmosphere.—26. Auscultation.—Andry ; Barth and Roger; De- paul; Fournet; Laennec, (See Consumption.) Bandages.—Mayor ; Sedillot. Bathing (Sea),—Pouget. a Rendus; Segond. Blood.—Piorry. Blowpipe.—Laurent, 25; Muspratt, 25; Platt- ner, 26, pages 36, 37, 88, see Raspail, 26; Voight, 26; Brongniart, 275 Exploration de l’Algerie, 29 ; Popular Field, 31; Schimper, 81; Balfour, 47. Botany (medical).—Lindley, 38. Brain.—Foville; Magendie; Mayo; Pinel; Tie- demann; Solly; Vicq d’Azyr. Brain (Softening of ).—Rostan; Rowland. Brazil (Climate of ).—Sigaud. Ereast.—Mericour. Bridges.—Clark, 40; Dempsey, 41; Tate, 48. (See Engineering). Calculus (Integrat).—Lacroix, 41; Tate, 43. Calculus (Diferential)—Berard, 40; Lacroix, 41; Tate, 43; Young, 48. _ Cancerous Diseases.—Devay, Lebert, Mericour, Robert. Chemistry.—Annuaire, 22 ; Baudrimont,22 ; Ber- zelius, 23; Campbell, 23; Cavendish Society, 23; Gmelin, 23; Lehman, 23; Chemist, 23; . Dumas and Boussingault, 23; Dumas, 23; Fownes, 23; Gerhardt, 24; Graham, 24; Gre- ,gory, 24; Griffin, 24; Hoefer, 24; Kane, 24; Lassaigne, 25 ; Liebig, 25 ; Low, 25; Mitchell, 25; Mulder, 25; Payen, 25; Pelouze et Fremy, 25; Raspail, 26; Regnault, 26; Thompson, 26; Turner, 26; Tate, 43. : Chemical Analysis.—Fresenius, 24; Galloway, 24; Gerhardt, 24; Normandy, 25; Parnell, Pelouze et Fremy, 25; Rose, 26; Violette, et Archambault, 26. : Chemistry (Animal).—Matteucci, 25 ; Thomson, 26 Chemistry applied to the Arts.—Franceur, 28 ; Knapp, 24; Payen, 25; Persoz, 25. Chemistry (Medical).—Jongh ; Lheritier ; Biot, 28, ‘ Chemistry (Pathological).—theritier. Chemistry (Rural).—Solly, 26. Chemistry (History of).—Thomson, 26. Children (Diseases of ).—Barrier, Berton, Bou- chat, Braschet, Delabarre, ‘Donne, Duchesne, Duparce, Legendre, Richard, Valleix. —— (Homeopathic)—Leadham, Teste. Chloroform and Ether.—Buisson. Cholera.—Briguet, Pirogoff, Tardieu. — (Homeopathic).—Jahr, Russell, Tessier. Coléopterés.—Chenu, Encyclopedie, 29. (See Entomology.) Commercial Matters.—Methode de verifier les comptes courans, 42; Oates’ Tables of Ix- change, 42; McCulluch’s Dict., 51. Consumption, Chest, &c.—Bright, Davies, Has- tings, Louis, Maddock, Portal, Parola. Conchology.—urton, 82. (See pages 88-84.) Cretiniame et Goitre.—Niepce. Cristollography.—Laurent, 25; Regnault, 26. Orustacea.—Cuvier, 28. Death (Philosophy and Signs of ).—Bichat, Bou. Eee —~— — ie ia # ‘ ¥ Ei bs INDEX. chat, Deschamps, Lauvergie, Magendie, Mat- ; IWustrated Works. teucci. Dentistry.—Delabarre, Manry. Diagnostic.—Bouillaud, Broussais, Raciborskt. Dictionary of Medicine.—Hooper, Mérat et De- lens; Nysten, Valleix. (See also page 1.) me maire deg Sciences Naturelles,—Pages Dissection.—Bell, Holden. Distilling.—Le Normand, 25. Drawing.—Etex, 48. (See Llustrated Books.) sentery.—Theses. #ar.—Deleau, Hard, Kramer, Saunders, Sem- mering. & EBlectri Medical).—Bird, Froriep, Lawrence Mattoneacas * Bs ; Zpilepsie.—Herpin. Ethnology, Philology, &c.—Eliis, 29 ; Eusebe, 29; Knox, 30; Latham, 30; Lawrence, 30; Martin, 380; Pickering, 31; Prichard, 31; Burton, 45; Latham, 50; Stoddart, 47; Parrat, 52; Roget, 53; Thorpe, 54. cy, 41; Legendre, 41; Leroy, 42; Monge, 42; Tate, 43; Young, 43. Tere fae | Gravitation—Airy. , Harbours.—Rennie, 42, Head.— Guthrie. Heart (Diseases of).—Bouillaud, Davies, Gen- drin, Latham, Piorry. Heat.—Peclet, 25; Thomson, 26. Hernia.—Guthrie, Hesselbac, Lionet, Verdier, YL eNieates —D’Aubuisson, 41; Peacocke, 42. ee ee ygiene (Ann. de).—Becquerel, Celle, Chassinat, Foy, Lauvergne, Lévy, Marchal, Mayer, Mont- falcon, Parent-Duchatelet, seg sur la Peste, en on Plague, Tardieu, Guenon, 24; Tar- a, ave (Those marked with a * contain Designs and Ornaments for Upholsterers, Painters, Archi- tects, &c., &c.) Page 44. Album des Bords de la Loire. de Exposition. * Arundale, Examples of Verandahs, * Ashpitel on Hand Rails. Autour de la Table. * Barrett, Gothic Ornaments. Beatties, Switzerland. Bégin, Voyage en Suisse. Béranger, (Euvres. Bernard, &c., Jardin des Plantes. Page 45. * Billings, Geometric Tracery. Blanc, Histoire des Peintres. Blanchard, Buffon de la Jeunesse. Bossuet, Histoire de Jésus-Christ. Botta, Monument de Ninive. Brederlau, Der Harz. Briffault, Le Secret de Rome. British Museum. Brown, Sacred Architecture. Bruyéres, La Phrénologie. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. * Carter, Specimens of Gothic Architecture. * Cennini on Fresco. Champagnac. Voyageur de la Jeunesse, Chevalier, Etats-Unis. Chezy and Schmidt, Bilder Gallerie. * Claude, Watteau et Canalette. Page 46. Consulat et Empire, vignettes. Cooke, Drawings of Animals, Court Album. Cunningham, Gallery of Portraits. Dash, Keepsake. De Bart, Merveilles du Génie de 1Homme, * De Clinchamp, Traité de Perspective, Delamare, Archéologie de l’ Algérie. * De la Motte, Art- Workmanship. De Saillet, Confessions d’un Ecolier, Dessin Linéaire, cours complet. Diable a Paris. Dumas, Monte pag A 47. age 48. Engrayings after the Best Masters, Etex, Cours de Dessin. Fau, Anatomy for Artists. Foster, Christmas with the Poets. Flowers of Loveliness. Gailhabaud, l’ Architecture. Galleria de Toscano. * Gartner, Architecktonische Entwiirfe, Gayarni, Tiroir du Diable. ~ (Euvres choisies. * Gehrke, Bau und Meublezeichnungen, Gisors, Palais du Luxembourg. Godescard, Vie des Péres, &e. Page 49. Gonin, l’Egypte. Grandeville, les Animaux. * Gwilt, Encyclopedia of Architecture. Hall, Gems of European Art. Hay, Beauty of Human Figure. Hearne, Antiquities of Great Britain, Heath, The Holy Gospels. * Heideloff, Ornements du Moyen Age. Hewell’s Misereres in Exeter Cathedral, Histoire des Peintres, ‘Historic Illustrations of the Bible. \ Hittorff, Antigqnités de l’Attique. Hogarth’s Works. e 50. Pagi * Jacob, Livre d’Or des Métiers. * Jenkins and Hoskings, Architect. Ornaments, * Journal of Design. Jules Janin’s Works. Karr, Voyage autour de mon Jardin, Kitto, Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature, INDEX. Labacco, Collection of Architectural Plates, Laborde, Versailles, Lafontaine, Fables. Lamartine, Girondins, Laurent, Histoire de Napoléon. Layallée, Histoire des Frangais. Ledoux, Architecture. Le Monde a Vol d’Oiseau. Le Roux, la Ville de Paris. Le Sage, Gil Blas, Diable Boiteux. * Limner, Suggestions in Design. Page 5L Livre d’Or. Lodge’s Portraits. London and its Vicinity. Lurine, Rues de Paris. * Luther, Chambre de. Memorie del Vaticano. * Metzger, Zimmerwerkkunde. Mexico Illustrated. Miller, Language of Flowers. Mithra, Recherches sur le Culte de. Moore, Lallah Rookh, Moore’s Melodies. Mosaique, Magasin Pittoresque. Moyen Age. Page 52. Murphy, Church of Batalha. Musée dans un Fautenil. Nodier et Lurine, Environs de Paris, * Page’s Decorator. * Acanthus. Paris Comique. Pascal, Eglises de Paris. Perrault, Contes des Fées. * Phillips, Curvilinear Design, Pictorial Animated Nature. Pitre Chevalier, la Bretagne. * Popp, Architectur. * Pugin, Pointed Architecture. Raphaél, les Vierges de. Page 53. * Richardson’s Ornaments. Richomme. Romans Illustrés, Romberg, Der Stradtbau. * Rothman, Ornamente. Sacy, les Evangiles. Schimmelpenninck, Beauty and Deformity. Schinkel, Baukunst, Schmid, Contes. Silvio Pellico. * Skidmore, Designs for Rails, &c. Page 54. Stein, Krankenhaus in Berlin. Stebbing, Christian Graces. * Thierry, Escaliers en Pierre. * Thomas, Designs for Monuments. Toulmin, Lays and Legends. * Trendall, Monuments, Tombs, &c. Triumphal Arch of Augustus. Twining, Symbols of the Art. Varin, Empire des Légumes. Vénus, Culte de. Versailles, Chateau de. Vie des Saints. Village Queen. Voucand, Artisans Illustres. Voyage Pittoresque en Espagne. Page 55. Westwvoods’ Illuminated Bible. Wightwick’s Palace of Architecture. Wilson on Light and Shade. Wright, Gallery of Engravings. Wyatt's Industrial Arts of the 19th Century. Indigestion.—Philip, Piorry. infection ( purulent) —Sedillot. Inflammations —Broussais, Instinct.—Smee, 26 ; Lesson, 30 Jron Structures (Roofs, &e.).—Dempsey, 41 Dupuy de Lome, 41! St. Ange, 42; Simpso 42 4 Tate, 43: Tredgold, 43; Valérius, 43. ie Italy (Climate of ).—Carriére. dich (Gaile), Bourguignon, Jamaica (Natural History of).—Gosse, 29. Joints (Articulations, &c.).—Bonnet, Piorry, Robert, Syme. Kidney.—Miller, Johnson. Laryne.—Ehrmann. ‘ - Light —Hunt, 24; Woodward, 26. Liver. — Favre, Fauconnean, Dufresne, Piorry, Portal, Semanas., Logarithms.—Y éga, 43. Inexations Humbert, Malgaigne, Pravaz. Machinery. — Dempsey, 41; Progress of, 42; Rennie, 42; Taffe, 43; Tredgold, 43. (See En- gineering, Iron, &c.) Magnetism —Becquerel, 32. (See Electricity ) Mammalia.— Cuvier, 28; Desmarest, 28; Popu- lar, 31; Temminck, 32; Waterhouse, 32; White, 32. Manuals, Compendiums, Formularies, &e.— Bossu, Druitt, Foy, Langlebert, Raspail, Tar- dieu, Velpeau, Manual of Scientific Enquiry, Herschell, Trousseau, Homeopathic, Griesselich, Haas, Jahr. Marine.—Bonnefoux, 40. Marriage.—Mayer, Ryan. Materia Medica.—Chapman, Dierbach, Dien, Foy, Neligan, Pereira, Trousseau, Pidoux. — (Homeopathic), — Dudgeon, Dunsford, Flora Homeeopathica, Hahnemann, Lafitte. Mathematics.—Bossut, 40; Cahiers de, 40; Cour- not, 4]. Mechanics.—Delannay, 41 ; Duhamel, 41; Good- win, 41; Moseley, 42; Poisson, 42; Taffe, 42; Tate, 43; Weisbach, 43; Willis, 43; Young, 43. Medical Biography and Statistics. — Pariset, Sachaite. : — Homeopathic.—Croserio, Russell. Nawrat History.—Richard. Zoology—Brandt and Ratzeburg. Medicine (Dictionaries, Encyclo.).—8ee page 1, also Hooper, Merat et Delens, Mysten, Valleix. Doctrines of Chauffard. Domestic, Homeopathic.—Bertholdi, Chep- mell, Curie, Hamilton, Henriques, Hering, Laurie, Mure, Newman. (History of ).—Renouard, Renzi, Sprengel. Légale.—Devergie, Orfila. . Miscellaneous.—Debreyne, Haller, Histo- tia Morborum, Harvey Opera, Hippocrate nyres and Works of, Jenner (Life of ), Oribase, Patin, Ploucquet, Rostan, Toltenyi. —— Homeopathic—Curie, Dessaix, Dunsford, Evarest, Gueyrard, Guyart, Hahnemann, Zeit- schrift fur, Mure, Nivelet, Perrussell, Rosenstein, Roth, Simpson. (Practice of ).—Burserius, Chomel, Frank, Gendrin, Laberge et Fleury, Langlebert, Roche et Sanson, Valleix. — Homaopathic—Beauvais, Bibliothéque ho- meopathique, Curie, Espanet, Hahnemann, Hartmann, Jahr, Simon. Médecins Numismatistes.—Renauldin. Menstruation.—Briere de Boismont. Mental Discases, Psychology, Insanity, §¢— Belhomme, Brachet, Briere de Boismont, Broussais, Calmeil, Cazeanvielb, Chardel de Montallegry, Descuret, Esquirol, Ferrus, Gau- tier, Laporte, Leuret, Mare (Legal), chea, Morel, Niepce, Parchappe (Asylums), Pinel, Seguin (Idiots), Selection of Papers on, &e. * Mensuration, --Deider, 41; Tate, 42. Dfesmerism—Parth, Cahagnet, Capern, Deleuze, Dupotet, Early Magnetism, Gautier, Teste, Townsend, Zoist, Reichenbach, 26; Maddock, 51; Mayo, 51; Ritter, 53. Metallurgy —St. Ange, 42 ; Berthier, 23; Mitchell, 25; Philipps, 47. Metcorology—Annuaire, 22; Kaemtz, 24; Miller, 25; Peltier, 25. ; INDEX. Microscope —Bourgery, Donné, Gerber, Gliebe, Hassall, Langenbeck, Mandl, Robin, Chevalier, 28; Mandl, 80; Quekett, 31. Hilitary Tactics.—Melfort. 42; Sellon, 42. Surgery.— Begin. Mineralogy. Mining, 4c—Combes, 23: Hedley, 24; Popular, 81. (See pages 35, 36.) Mollusca.—Cuvier, 28; Deshayes (Algérie), 29; Eamarek (Animaux sans yertébres), 30; Popu- far, 31. Mouvement (Cure of Diseases by).—Roth. Natural History and Natural Sciences.—Archives, 27; Boué, 27; Broderip, 27; Buchoz, 27; Buf- fon, 28; Cuvier, 28; Dictionnaire classique, 28; Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, 28 ; Dic- tionnaire universelle, 29; Garner, 29; Gilbert, 29; Gosse (Jamaica), 29; Jenyns, 30; Jourdan, 30; Lemonnier, 30; Lesson, 30; Milner, 31; Naturalists’ Miscellany, 81; Oken, 31; Pliny, 31; Salacroux, 31 ; Thompson (Passions of Animals), 32; Tschudi (fauna peruana), 32; Waldhein, 32. Navigation.—Moore, 42. Werves.—Baradue, Barras, Brachet, Cerise, Valen- tin (see Encyclopédie anatomique), Fischer, Flourens, Foyille, Guillot, Hall, Leuret, Lob- stein, Ludovic, Hirschweld, Miller, Piorry, Sandras, Scarpa, Swan, Valleix. Neuralgia Hunt. Naval Gunnery —Douglas, 41. Obstetrics —Andrieux, Baudeloque, Boivin, Ca- zeaux, Chailly, Churchill, Crosse, Deventer, Duges, Feigel, Hamilton, Jacquemier, Leake, Lee, Maygrier, Mohrenheim, Moreau, Ritgen, Seiter. — Homeopathic.—Croserio. Odontography.—Owen, Rousseau. Ornithology. —Cuver, 28 ; Malherbe, 20; Popular, 31. (See page 25.) Ornithorhynchi—Meckelio, 30. Osteography —Blainville, 27. Osteology.—Maclise, Brandt, 27. Optics.— Biot, 23; Moigno, 25; Hopkins, 41: Moigno, 42. Ovaria.—Lizars, Piorry, Tilt. Paleontology —Bilainville, 27 ; Brandt, 27; Brown, 27; Descriptive Catalogue of British Museum, 28; D’Orbigny, 29; Gervais, 29 ; Hawkins {iea-Dragons), 29; Koninck, 30; Middendorff, Pathology —aAndral, Blondlot, Boucher, Broussais, Chomel, Gerdy, Gliebe, Grisolle, Handy, Icono- graphie Pathologique, Lebert, Nelaton, Piorry, Raimann, Roche, Sanson et Lenoir, Theses, Vidal. Parturition —Murphy. Pelvis.—Guthrie. Percussion—Piorry, Skoda. Pharmacie.—Geebel, 24; Guibourt, 24; Kunze. 25; Normandy, 25; Répertoir®, 26 ; Soubeiran. Pharmacopeia.—Neyins, Phillips, Richard, Codex, 23; Jourdain, 24; Pharmacopceia, 25. —— Homeopathic.—Jahr, Spillman. - Philosophy, Metaphysics, Logic.—Amardh, 44; André, 44; Arnanlt, 44: Bailey, 44; Balmes, 44; Barni, 44; Bartholmess, 44; Bayres, 44: Begbie, 44; Bell, 44; Bersot, 44; Blakey, 44; Bonald, 45; Bonnetain, 45; Buffier, 45; Caba- nis, 45; Carlile, 45; Collin de Planey, 45; Col- lineau, 46; Comte, 46; Cournot, 46; Cousin, 46 ; Cox, 46; Destutt de Tracy, 46; Dudley, 47; Dufour, 47; Eclipse of Faith, 47 ; Encyclopédie des gens du monde, 47 ; Evening Thoughts, 48; Existence del., 48; Ferrier, 48; Fichte, 48; Fregier, 48; Fourrier, 48; Fox, 48; Garnier, 48; Gauthier, 48; Genoude 48; Genoulhac, 48 ; Greg, 49; Gruyer, 49; Guizot, 49; Hamilton, 49; Hare, 49; Haureau, 49; Hugenius, 49; Humboldt, 49; Hunt, 49; Javari, 80; Leroux, 50; Lewis, 50; Legend, 50; Coleridge, 47; Whately, 47; Maurice, 47; Littr6é, 51; Lucas, 51; Mackay, 51; Marmier, 51 ; Marquot-Vasse- let, 51; Martineau, 51; Matthias, 51; Mayer, 51; Mayo, 51; Montaigne, 51; Moralistes fran- gais, 51; Morrell, 51; Moseley, 51; Newman, 52; Nourrisson, 52; Ouvaroff, 52; Pascal, 52, Peschiers, 52; Piault, 52; Platon, 52; Plisson, 52; Pococke, 52; Proudhon, 52; Quinet, 52; Radcliffe, 52; Reghellini, 53; Reid, 53: Remi niscences of Thought and Feeling, 53 ; Rémusat, 53; Renouard, 53; Reybaud, 53; Ritter, 53; Rittiez, 53; Robert, 53; Roget, 53; Romieu, 53; Rousselot, 53; Ryan, 53; Salverte, 53; Sedg wick, 53; Smee, 53; Smith, 54; Southey, 54; Spencer, 54; Stars and the Earth, 54; State of Man, 54; Stewart, 54; Thorpe, 54; Thurot, 54; Tiberghein, 54; Tissot, 54; Tremadeure, 54; Troplong, 54; Truth and Error, 54; Vericour, 54; Vestiges of Civilization, 545 Vico, 54; Volney, 54; Waddington-Kastus, 55; Whevwell, 55; Wiglesworth, 55; Willm, 55; Wiseman, 55. Photography. Blancquart, 23; Chevallier, 23: Claudel, 23; Gros, Hunt, 24; Legray, 25; Lere- bours, 25; Ville, 26. Phrénologie,—Broussais, Carus, Cerise, Bruyéres, 45, Physics.—Bouchardat, Bird, 23; Grove, 24; Mul- ler, 25; Peclet, 25; Pouillet, 26; Regnault, 26, Reichenbach, 26; Schcedler, 26; Soubeiran, 26, Exploration d’Algérie, 29; McGauley, 51. Physical and Historical Geography.—Ansted snd Nicolay, Exploration d’Algérie, Gower, 29; Hughes, 30; Humbold, 30; Johnston, 30; Klee, 30; Ludde, 30; Masselin (Dict.), 30. Physiology —Bérard, Bernard, Bremser, Breschet, Broussais, Burdach, Carpenter, Dutrochet, Fo- ville, Flourens, Geoffroy, Guillot, Hall, Haller, Lebert, Longet, Magendie. Mattencci, Miiller, Nuhn, Owen, Robin, Rudolph, S@mmering, Tiedeman, Todd, Todd and Bowman, Vicq d@’Azyr, Walter, Dumas and Boussingault, 23 ; Raspail, 26; Blainyille, 27; Blanchard, 27; Boucher, 27; Delalande, 27; Mirbel, 38; Bour don, 45. , Poisons and Toxicology.—Adams, Chaussier, Orfila, Political Economy.—Anunuaire, 44; De Villeneu- ve, 48; Dictionnaire, 46; Moseley, 51; New- man, 52; Senior, 47. Probabilities.—Cournot, 41; Lacroix, 41; Lapla- ce, 41. Prostitution —Parent-Duchatelet, Dufour. Quadrumana.—Chenw’s Cyclopedia, 29. Quadrupeds.—Bell, 27. Reptiles —Bell, 27; Catalogue, 28; Cuvier, 28; Funk, 29. Rotation des Corps.—Poinsot, 42. Rural Economy.—Bouchardat, 23; Boussingault, 23; Girardin, 23; Guenon, 24; Solly, 26; Sheep, 31; Vasey, 32. Scarlatina—Miller. : Scientific Discoveries.—Figuiers, 23. Scorbut.—Theses. Scrofula—Lebert, Phillips. Ship Building. —Bonnefoux, 40; Jal, 41. Skin (Diseases of ).—Baumes, Cazenave, Daniel- son, Flourens, Innis, Piorry, Rayer, Schedel and Cazenaye, Willis. — Homeopathic.—Jahr, Buckert. Smell.—Scemmering. Smoke (Art of controlling).—Fournel. Spécificité—Requin. Spermatorrhea.—Lallemand. Spine —Bernard, Magendie, Mayo. Statics.—Poinsot, 42. Stcam Engine.—Artizan Club, 40; Bazaine, 40: Bonnefoux, 40; Bourne, 40; Hodge, 41; Lard- ner, 41; Pambour, 42; Paris, 42; Tredgold, 43. (See Engineering.) Stereotomy —Leroy, 42. Stomach.—Prout. , Stone and Gravel—Curale, Deschamps. Storms (Law of ).—Reid, 42. Strictures of the Urethra —Courtenay, Perreve. INDEX. Sugar. Baudrimont, 22; Kerr, 24; Knapp, 24; Spier, 26. Surgery Auvert, Bell, Bernard et Huette, Bulle- tin de la Société de Chirurgie, Boyer, Callisen, Chelius, Chirurgische Kupfertafeln; Cooper, Druitt, Dupuytren, Ferguson, Guthrie, Heister, Holden, Humbert, Jobert, Larrey, Lebaudy, Lisfrane, Malgaigne, Miller, Nélaton, Paré, Pe- trequin, Piorry, Roux, Sabatier, Scarpa, Scrive, Sédillot, Skey, Syme, Theses, Velpeau, Vidal. Military. Begin, Larrey, Plaies d’armes a feu. Surveying. Recueil Polytechnique, 42; Tate, 42. Syphilis. > Duvyergier, Ducros. Taste. Scemmering. Taxidermy. Brown, 27; Lecoq, 30; Lee, 30. Technology. Francceur, 23; Knapp, 24; Payen, 25; Persoz, 25. Telegraph. Moigno, 25. Therapeutics. Annales de, Bayle, Bouchardat, Debreyne, Trousseau et Pidoux. — Homeopathic. Bonninghausen, Fredault, Hartman. Tic Douloureux. Hunt. Tongue. Froriep, Schroter. Topography. Marie, 41. | Zoophytes. Trigonometry, Cagnoli, 40; Colenso, 41, Ulcers. Pichard. Urine and Urinary Organs. Acton, Beequerel, Civiale, Courtenay, Heisch, Johnson, Moreschi, Perreye, Piorry, Rayer, Venables. Uterus. Boivin, Duparque, Jenty, Lee, Lisfrane, Rederer, Safford. Vaccination. Bousquet, Heim. Venereal, Bertherand, Devergie, Ducros, Lebert, Heisch, Hunter, Ricord. Veterinary. Blaine, Bouchardat, Delafond, Hur- trel, D’Arboval, Leblanc et Trousseau, Rey, Rigot. Spooner, Percival, 31. — Homeopathic, Gunther. Voyages. Page 32. Warming and Ventilation. Richardson, 26, Weaving. White, 43. Women (Diseases of). Batin et Nivet, Briere ds Boismont, Boivin, Dupareque, Imbert, Jenty Johnson, Menyille, Murphy, Naegele, Pichard Theses, Tilt. — Homeopathic, Leadam. Worms (Intestinal). Bremser. Zoology. Brandt and Ratzeburg, Agassiz, M Edwards, 29; De Quaterfagnes, 29; Gervais 29; Kock, 30; Middendorff, 30. Cuvier, 28. (See Zoology, page 32.3 { SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, MANUFACTURED BY CHARRIERE, OF PARIS. A STOCK ALWAYS ON HAND, FOR LIST OF PRICES, SEE BACK OF CATALOGUE. STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Hygiene, Veterinary Art, Comparative Anatomy, Fossils. ENCYCLOPEDIAS, DICTIONARIES OF MEDICINE, &c. $ ¢ Fabre. Bibliothéque du médecin praticien, ou Résumé général de tous les onvrages de clini- que médicale et chirurgicale, de toutes les monographies, de tous les mémoires de médi- cine et de chirurgie pratiques, anciens et modernes, publiés en France et a l’étranger, par’ une société de médecins, sous la direction du docteur FaBRe, rédacteur en chef de la Gazette des Hipitaux. Ouvrage adopté par Université, pour les Facultés de médecine et les Ecoles préparatoires de médecine et de pharmacie du royaume, et par le ministeére de la guerre, sur la proposition du Conseil de santé des armées, pour les hépitaux d’instructign. J Paris, 1843-1852. 15 forts volumes grand in-8 de chacun 700 pag. 42 colonnes. Prix fe chaque volume 3 . : 3 2 fe 5 . 2128 Les tomes 14 X publiés, comprennent: 1° Maladies des femmes ;—2° Maladie de l’appa- reil urinaire; 3° Maladies des organes de la génération chez l’homme, ete.: 4° Maladies des enfans (médecine et chirurgie); c’est pour la premiére fois que la médecine et la chirurgie des enfants se trouvent reunis. Les tomes V et VI forment le traité le plus complet qui existe sur les maladies des enfants.—Le tome WI le Traité des maladies vénériennes, et résume la pratique des médecins francais et €trangers sur les diverses méthodes de traite- ment de la syphilis—Le tome VIII le Traité des maladies de la pean, et contienne une ex- position de la pratique des dermatophiles francais et étrangers.—Le tome IX Traité des qmaladies du ceryeau, maladies nerveuses, maladies mentales~—Le tome X Traité des maladies des yeux et des oreilles——Le tome XI Maladies de l’appareil digestif et ses annexes. Je tome XII Maladies de l’appareil respiratoire et circulatoire—Le tome XIII Maladies des syst¢mes locomoteur.—Le tome XIV Traité de matiére médicale et de Théra- peutique.—Le tome XV Traité de médecine légale et de toxicologie.. The 15 Vols., handsomely half bound in Paris, ; 5 - 40 00 Dictionnaire des Dictionnaires de Medecine Francais et Etran= ohio ou Traité compléte de Médecine et de Chirurgie Pratique. Edité par le Docteur abre. 9 vols. grand 8yo. Paris, 1851 - = c 2 at 2p Dictionnaire des Sciemces Medicales, par MM. Alard, Alibert, Boyer, Chaussier, Cuvier, Gardien, Halle Marjolin, Merat, Nysten, Pinel, Roux, Royer-Collard, Virey. 60vols. 8yo. half-bound. Paris, 1812—22 A . - 65 00 Dictionnaire de Medecine et de Chirurgie pratiques, par MM. An- dral, Begin, Blandin, Bouillard, Bouvier, Cruveilhier, Cullerier, Deslandes, Devergie, Duges, Dupuytren, Foville, Guibeurt, Joily, Lallemand, Londe Magendie, Martin-Solon, Ratler, Rayer, Roche, et Sanson. Ouvrage complet. 15 fortsvols. Syo. Paris, 1829-36 26 00 Dictionnaire Universel de Matiere Medicale et de Therapeuti= que generale, contenant l’indication, la description et l’emploi de tous les Médica- mens connus dans les diverses parties du Globe, &c. Par MM. Merat et Delens, Membres de Académie Nationale de Médecine. Ouvrage complet, 7 forts vols.Svo. Paris, 1829-40 9 00 Dictionnaire de Medecin, ou Répertoire général des sciences médicales considé- rées sous les rapports théorique et pratique; par MM. Adelon, Béclard, P. Bérard, A. Bérard, Biett, Biache, Breschet, Calmeil, Cazenaye, Chomel, H. Cloquet, J. Cloquet, Coutanceau, Dalmas, Dance, Desormeaux, Dezeimeris, P. Dubois, Ferrus, Georget, Gerdy, Guérard, Guersant, itard, Lagneau, Landré-Beauvais, Laugier, Littré, Louis, Marc, Marjo- lin, Mubat, Ollivier d’Angers, Orfila, Oudet, Pelletier, Pravaz, Raige-Delorme, Reynaud, Richard, Rochoux, Rostan, Roux, Rullier, Soubeyran, Trousseau, Velpeau, Villermé. 2e édition entiérement refondue, 30 forts Volumes in-8°, Prix 7 ° . 45 00 [Dans le but de tenir l’ouvrage au courant des progrés de la science et de l’art, des parties supplémentaires doivent étre publiées, a des époques indéterminées et autant qu’il sera juge nécessaire: de la sorte, ceux qui posséderont le Dictionnaire de Médecine ne seront pas exposés dayoir un ouvrage dont certaines parties doivent vieillir en quelques années. ] Dictionnaire de Medecine, de chirurgie et @hygiéne Vétérinaire; ouvrage utile aux véterinaires, aux ofliciers de cavalerie, aux propriétaires, aux fermiers, aux cultivateurs + et atontes les personnes chargées du soin et dugouvernement des animaux domestiques. Par M. Hurtrel d’Arboval, membre de la Société centrale d’Agriculture de Paris, &c, Deuxiéme édition, entiérement refondue. Paris, 1838-39. 6 forts vol. in-8 A - 120 [Onvrage adopté comme classique dans les écoles vétérinaires de France, et comme le meilleur gnide dans la pratique.] Acts de la Societe Medicale des Hépitaux de Paris. Paris, 8yo.1850 . « uae Albini (8. S.) Icones ossium fetus humani; accedit osteogenie brevis historia, in-4, fig. Leide, 1737, half ef : F - ‘ : P - 200 Academicarum annotationum libri VIII, continens anatomica, physiologics, zoogra-" phica, phytographica, Leida:, 1755, 2 vol.in4.,avee 39 pl. . “ : - 800 Tabule sceleti et museulorum corporis humani, et Tabulew uteri mulieris gravide et de vasis chiliferis. Leida, 1747, gr. in tolio . 4 ¢ . - 10 00 De sceleto humano. Leidw, 1762, in-4. half ef. . ¢ ‘ eh Ammen. Klinische Darstellungen der Krankheiten des menschlichen Auges. Jol, mit 55 ill, Kupfern. Berlin, 1838-41. P 5 : . . . 25 00 Andral (G.) Cours de pathologie interne, recueilli et publié par M. le docteur Amédée Latour, 2° édition. Paris, 1843, 3 vol. in-8 : -, F « 4650 Andrieux et Lubanski. Annales Wobyétrique, des maladies des femmes et, des enfans. 8yol.in-8. Paris, 1842 OF P . " - 800 2 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, = Andry (F.) Manuel pratique de percussion et d’auscultation. Paris, 1845. in-18 vas Annales d’Hygiene Publique et de Medecine Legale, par MM. Adelon, Andral, @’Arcet, Barruel, Chevallier, Devergie, Esquirol, Gaultier de Clanbry, Guérard, Keraudren, Leuret, Mare, Ollivier (@’Angers), Orfila, Parent-Duchatelet, Trebuchet, Vil- lerme. Les Annales d’Hygiéne publique et de Médecine Légale paraissent depuis 1829 réguliérement tous les trois mois par cahiers in-8, 250 pages, ayee planches. Le prix de l’abonnement, par an,estde . 3 5 * : ncaa : ——— La collection compléte 1829 4 1849 dont il ne reste que peu d’exemplaires, 42 vols. in-8, fig, . aa 5 4 : 2 E 5 . Annales de Therapeutique Medicale et Chirurgicale et de Toxicologie. Publiées par M. le Dr. Rognetta. 6 vols. 8vo. Paris 1844 49 5 Auvert (Alex.) Selecta praxis medico-chirurgice quam mosque exercet; typis et figuris expressa Parisiis moderata, Amb. Tardieu. Parisiis et Mosque, 1848, grand in-folio avec planches gravées et coloriées. € Ce bel ouvrage comprend 120 planches gr. in-folio, papier vélin colombier, grayees en taille-douce, tirées en couleur, et retouchées au pinceau ayec le plus grand soin pour le fini des détails pathologiques. Avec texte 24 livraisons ; ; - 100 00 Acton (W.) A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Urinary and Generative Organs, in both Sexes. 8vo. London, 1851 5 5 : 2 Adams (Joseph). Observationson Morbid Poisons. 4to. cf. London, 1807 . - Arnold (E£.) Tabule Anatomic, quas ad naturam accurate descripsit. Turici, 1838-42. Fasciculus 1, continens Icones cerebri et medulle spinalis. Folio, with 10 plates . — Fasciculus 2, continens Iconés organorumsensuum. Folio, with 11 double plates Fasciculus 4, pars 1a continens Icones ossium. Grand in-fol. plates iu e — Fasciculus 4, pars 2a, Icones articulorum et ligamentorum. 1842. Folio, with 7 double plates 5 3 4 2 : Bach (¥8.) Leconssurl’Embryologie. 8yo. ; 3 2 4 Baraduce (Hf.) Etudes théorique et pratique surlesmaladies nerveux. Paris, 1850 « Barkow. Monstra animalium dupliciaper anatomen indagata habito respectu ad physio- logiam, medicinam forensem et artem obstetriciam, descripsit, iconibus illustrayit, cum tabulis XV. Lipsis, 1828-85, 2 vol. in-4 ' 3 ° 2 c Barras. Traité sur les gastralgies et les entéralgies, ou Maladies nerveuses de l’estomae et des intestins, 2e édition. Paris, 1839-44, 2 vol. in-8. f ; : . Warrier. Traité pratique des maladies de l’enfance, fondé sur de nombreuses observations cliniques. 2e €dition, revwe-et augmentée. 2 vol. in-8. Paris, 1845 é - Barth. A Manual of Mesmeric Practice, intended for the Instruction of Beginners. 12mo. London, 1850 : 5 ° 2 : : . : Barth et Roger. Traité pratique d’auscultation, on Exposé méthodique des diverses applications de ce mode d’examen al’état physiologique et morbide de l’@conomie, suivi @un précis de Percussion. 2e édition augmentée. Paris, 1844. in-18. 5 . Bayle. Bibliothéque de Thérapeutique, ou Recueil de mémoires originaux et de travaux anciens et modernes sur le traitement des maladies et l'emploi des médicaments. Paris, 1828-37, 4 vol. in-&. . : ‘ 5 : . : . Baudeloque. L’Artdesaccouchements. 6thedition, 2yols.8vo, Plates. Paris, 1832 Baudrimont et G. S. Wartin Saint-Amge, Du développement du foetus; mémoire présenté a l’Académie des Sciences en réponse ala question suivante: Déter- miner, par des expériences précises, quelle est la succession des changements chimiques, hysiques et organiques qui ont lieu dans l’ceuf pendant le développement du foetus chez es oiseaux et les batraciens. Paris, 1850, beau volume in-4, avec 18 planches grayées en taille douce et magnifiquement coloriées, half calf 5 5 5 5 Baumes. Nouvelle Dermatologic, ou précis théorique et pratique sur les maladies de la pean, fondé sur une nouvelle classification médicale, suivi d’un exposé des principes généraux pouyant servir de guidé dans le choix des eaux minérales naturelles, applicable an traitement de ces maladies. Paris, 1842, 2 vol. in-8, fig. col. : Beclard (®. A.) Eléments d’anatomie générale, description de tous les tissus. 8e edit. ayec figures, 8vyo. Paris, 1852 .° . . 6 ; Becquerel (A.) Séméiotique des urines, ou Traité des altérations de Y’urine dffis les maladies, Paris, 1841, in-8 ; alt 5 ° . . Traité élémentaire d’hygiéne publique et privée, 12mo. Paris, 1851 . Begin. Etudes sur la service de santé militaire en France. 8yo. Paris, 1849 . . Helhomme. Considérations sur l’appréciation de la folie, sa localisation et son traite- ment. Paris, 1834-48, 5 part. in-S - 5 ° 4 . Rell (Charles). System of Dissections, explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body, With plates. Yolio, half cf, Edinb. 1798 ; ‘ . : Engrayings from Specimens of Morbid Parts. Folio, cloth. London, 1814 . 5 Belmas (.) Traité dela Cystotomie sus-pubienne; cuyrage basé sur plus de cent ob- servations tirées de la pratique du docteur Souberbielle. Paris, 1827, in-8, fig. Beneden (P. J.) Recherchessur l’Embryogénie, l’Anatomie. 4to. plates. Brux. 1846 . Bennett (J. I.) The Causes, Nature, Diagnosis and Treatment of Acnte Hydrocepha- lus. 8yo. cloth. “London, 4 4 Kone i F cape { P.) Cours de physiologie fait a la faculté de médecine a Paris, Vols. 1 and 2, rlete { ; , ; . Or half bound in Paris . : Vol. Ill Parts 1 to 4, each (Paris, 1854-2), . : Gernard and HMuette. Illustrated Manual of Operative Surgery and of Surgical ° e oe 50 1 75 8 00 8 00 8 00 50 1 00 1 50 4 00 3 50 2 00 0 75 1 50 7 00 3 00 10 00 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Anatomy, by MM. Bernard and Hnuette, edited, with Notes and Additions, and adapted to the use of the American student, by W. H. Van Buren, M.D., Surgeon to Bellevue ere tal, and C. E, Isaacs, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Illustrated with Steel engravings, from drawings after pats by ae &e. 8yo. New York, 1852. 4 Parts. Colored plates, ay Part Plain do. Bernard (Claude). aaliceelaes expérimentales sur les fonctions Ps nerf spinal Plates, 4to. Paris, 1851 Bernard (C.) Traité de Physlalocta EixpGohaventale comprenant les Applications a la Pathologie, par le Dr. Clande Bernard, Professeur d’Anatomie et de ee ne mentale. 2 vols. 8vo. avec Figures intercalées dans le Texte. (In the Press.) Bertherand. Unprécis des maladies a de leur doctrine et de leur traitement. 8yvo.- Paris, 1852 ; - Berton. Traité pratiqne des eaten deg enfans, deen la naissance » jusqu’a ia puiliarté, fondé sur de nombreuses observations cliniques, et sur examen et l’analysé des travaux des auteurs qui se sont occupés de cette partie de la médecine, avec des notes de M. le docteur Baron, médecin de ’hépital des Enfants-Trouvés, &c. Deuxieme édition entiére- ment refondue. Paris, 1842, in-8 de 820 pages : Bichat (X.) or soca sur be vie = la mort; nouvelle “€dition, Paris 1852. etree with Plates Bird (G.) Lectures on | Elecriity and ity ina in their Physiologial and Therapentical Relations. 12mo. cloth Bischof (T. L. G,) Traité tet développement de ithusttaata et ded iaasetfiere stityt @une histoire du dévelappement de Vuf du lapin, traduit de Vallemand Lp J.L. Jourdan. Paris, 1843, in-8, et atlas de 16 planches in-4 : Entwicklungsgeschichte des Hunde-Eies. Ato. with 15 plates. , Brunswick, 1845 Blaine (B.) Outlines of the Nelerinary Art: or a a Treating on the Anatomy, Physiology and Curative Treatment of the Horse.* With Plates. 8yo. cloth C Blainvilile (Ducrotay.) De Vorganisation des animaux, ou principes Ponders comparée, 1823, tome premier, in-8. (All published.) Scarce - : a . BP.) Nouveauxelements d’anatomie descriptive. Paris, 1858, 2 ) forts vel. TOet ouvrage est adopté pour les dissections dans les amphithéatres danatomie de Pécole pratique de la Faculté de médecine de Paris et par le ministre de la guerre pour les éléves des hépitaux militaires. Blasius (G.) Anatome anamalium, terrestrium, variorum, yilatianiy, equalioes ser- pentium, insectorum, ovyorumque. 4to. Amstetodami, 1781 . Blatin et Nivet. Traité des maladies des femmes qui die manen des fleurs Blenahes des leucorrhées ou tout autre écoulement utéro-vaginal. Paris, 1$42, in-8 7 Bleuland (J.) Icones Anatomico-Physiologice. Colored plates. 4to. Blondlot. Traité analytique de la digestion considerée ae dans Vhomene “et les animaux vertébrés. Nancy, 1843, in-8 ' Boucher (C. J.) Recherches sur la structure des organes de Vhomme et des animaux les plus connus. 104 figures. Svo. Paris, 1848 S Boerhaave. Des maladies des yeux. Paris, 1749,in-12 . Boivin (Wadame). Mémorial de V’art des accouchements, ou Prineiged fondés sur la “pratique de l’hospice de la Maternité de Paris, et sur celle des plus célébres praticiens de Paris, onvrage adopté comme classique pour ‘les éléves de la Maison d’accouchement de Paris, avec 143 grayures, quatriéme édition augmentée. Paris, 1836, 2 vol. in-S " Boivin (Wadame) et Duges (A.) Traité pratique des maladies de l’utérus et de ses annexes, rondé sur un grand nombre d’observations cliniques. Ee 1833, 2 vol. in-S.; méme avec atlas de 41 planches : ° - e - Bonamy, Broca et Bean. Atlas d’Anatomie Descriptive du Gian Humain ; geeee pouvant servir d’atlas a tous les traités d’anatomie, dédié a M. le professeur uveilhier. 175 L’Atlas d’Anatomie descriptive du corps humain comprendra 250 planches format grand : in-8 jésus, toutes dessinées d’aprés nature et lithographiées. Il est publié par livraisons de 4 planches, avec un texte explicatif et raisonné en regard de chaque planche. L’Atlas sera divisé en 4 parties qnise vendront séparément et sans augmentation de oe savoir—1° el 8 de la a ag tore se ba en ~ aes we dont 2 sont doubles. res noires é . Colo oriées : ° 2° spp de la Cireulation. Complet en 64 planches. Figures noires . Colori . : Sous pr esse, 8° Appareils de la ibe de la Respiration, Génito-Urinaire, 4° Appareils de Sensation et d’Innervation. Bonnet. Traité médico-chirurgical des maladies des eesons, 2 vol. in-8, avec atlas in-4 de 16 pl. (or in half calf, $7) P P Bossu. Nouveau sa aie médical a Tasage des pnGilecins praticiens, Paris, 1842, in-12 ; ‘ . Bouchardat. Annuaire de Thérapentique, de “Matiere Médicale, de Pharmacie, et de ‘oxicologie. Années 184141852. 32mo. Paris. Each é H 4 —— Nouveau Formulaire Magistral. 3éme edit. 18mo, Paris, 1845 . ° Formulaire Vétérinaire. 18mo. Paris, 1849 , . . é PRO fF ro) 4 —_ 4 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. . 3 c. Bourchardat, Manuel de Matiére Médicale, de Thérapeutique comparte et de Phar- macie, 2éme édition, angmentée. 1 thick vol. 12mo. Paris, 1846 apy —— Physique Elémentaire ayee ses a alicia orné de 230 Figures sitll dans le Texte. 12mo, Paris, 1850 : . paps Thee Bouchut (E.) Manuel pratique des arate des nouyeaux-nés et des Enfants a la ma- melle, précédé @une notice sur l’éducation physique des dentin enfants. Paris, 1845, in-12 de 620 pages 12 —— Traite des signes de la Mort, et des ‘moyens de prévenir les Enterrements préma- - turés. Onuvyrage couronné par l'Institut de France. Paris, 1849. 1 vol. gr. in-18 ayee figures ° . ° = ° - 100 Bouillaud (J ) Traité de see ares mnGaiedla. Paris, aoe 5 vol. in-8 ae chacun 700 pages-~ 29 00 [Pour entreprendre un . Traité ile on ee médicale, il faut étre, comme M. Bouil- laud, placé a Ja téte d’un grand service médical, et avoir vu, et cent fois vu, les mémes affections sous-leurs divers aspects, afin de pouvoir les décrire avec exactitude, en faire bien connaitre les symptomes et en formuler le traitement approprié. On ne doit done pas s’étonner si ce n’est qu’aprés quinze ans d’enseignement pratique dans la chaire illustrée par les Corvisart et les Laénnec, ses prédécesseurs, que M. Bonillaud s’ést décidé a publier son Traité de nosographiée médicale. } EBouillaud (J.) Traité clinique des maladies du Ccenr, précédé de recherches nou- yelles sur l’anatomie et la physiologie de cet organe. Deuxiéme édition augmentée. Paris, 1841, 2 vol. in-8. fig. ‘ - ; : : - 400 Bourgery et Jacob. Traité complet de Anatomie de Homme; comprenant la Médecine Opératoire, publié en 100 livraisons, composées chacune de 3 fenilles de eines et 8 planches. “(84 are now published.) Prix de ‘chaque liyraison = Z - 200 —-— Colored . 4 00 A plain copy, 5 complete yolumes, superbly half bound in morocco, the rest i in cloth / or in livraisons, forthe whole. - 150 00 Anatomie élémentaire en 20 planches, format grand colombfer, représentant chaeune um puey dans son entier ala proportion de demi-nature, avec un texte explicatif a part, format in-8, formant un Manuel complet d’anatomie physiologique ; ouvrage utile aux médecins, étudiants en médecine, peinires, statnaires et A toutes les personnes qui désirent acquérir avec promptitude la connaissance _ précise de lorganisation du corps humain. Plain - 30 00 — Colored . “ - 60 00 Bourgery (J. Wi.) sAsnitenate microsenpique de i rate deni Paeaatee et les mammi- féres, 4to. Plates : : 5 ‘ j ee To Bourguinon. Traité de lagale de homme: 4to. " 1959 = 5 . - 500 Bousquet (J. B.) Nouveau traité de la vaccine et des éruptions varioleuses on yario- liformes, Ouyrage couronné par l'Institut de France. Paris, 1848, in-S - ir LS Boyer (A.) Traité des maladies chirurgicales, et des opérations_ qui leur conviennent, cin- quiéme édition, publiée ‘par son fils Ph. Boyer, Paris, re 7 vol. in-8 br. bigs 1 to6 ; are published . 5 ° - 12 00 Brachet. Recherches ofp tetera sur tes fonctions du yebaite nerveux cantina et sur leur application 4 la pathologie, ouvrage couronné par l'Institut, deuxiéme édition. : Paris, 1837, in-8 175 — Traité pratique des ‘convulsions dans Venfance, Qe édition, angmentée, Paris, 1887, f in-8 . vy ——— Traité complet de Thypochondrie, couronné par PAcadémie royale de médecine. Paris, 1844, in-8 fe ee Erandt et Ratzeburg. Medizin Boolente. 2 vols. iis half calf, Cs Plates. Berlin, 1829 - >.» 16 00 Bremser. Traité vaulleettnts my physiologique ees vers snkestiieox de viorainds traduit de Vallemand; par M, Grundler. Reyu ect augmenté par M. de Blainville, i au Muséum d’histoire naturelle. Paris, 1837, avec atlas in-4 de 15 pl. ° - 800 Breschet (Mi. 3.) Histoire Soetores et Eayetaentee un xii seal dbectivedt dans les Cétaces. 4to. Paris,1836 . a Oia Brierre de Boismont. Dela menstruation Gamatdeiee ante ses ranula phystologt ques et pathologiques, ouvyrage couronné par l’Académie royale de médecine, Paris, 1842, ) n-S . A Des hallucinations, ou Histoire raisonnée des apparitions, des visions, des cs: de l’extase, du magnétisme et du somnambulisme. Paris, 1845,in-8 . Spl OO Bright (James). A Practical Synopsis of Diseases of the Chest and Air-passageas witha Review of the several Climates recommended in these Affections. S8yo. cloth é 175 Briquet (P.) et Migmot(A.) .Traité Pratique et Analytique DU CHOLERA-MORBUS (Epidémie de 1849)- Paris, 1850, 1 vol. in-8 1 75 Broussais (#. J. V.) De Firritation et de la folie, ouyrage dans lequel les rapports du physique et da moral sont établis sur les bases de la médecine phy mR an, deuxiéme dition, entiérement refondue. Paris, 1839, 2 vol. in-S ‘ - 8 -—-—— Examen des doctrines médicales et des systémes de nosologie, réc6d6 de propositions renfermant la substance de la médecine phy siologique, troisiéme dition. Paris, 1829-34, 4 forts vol. in-8 8°75 Cours de pathologie ‘et de thé srapeutique générales, profess i dla Faculté de médecine be de Paris; ouvrage complet, composé de 129 lecons Paris, 1835, 5 vol. in-8 10 00 ——— Cours de phrénologie professé ala Faculté de médecine de Paris. rae 1836, 1 vol. in-8 de 850 pages : or —-—— Histoire des Phlegmiasies ou | inflammistions chroniques, fondée sur de nouvelles ob- servations de clinique et danatomie pathologique. cinquiéme édit, Paris, 1838, 3 yol.in-8 6 50 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, re \ Broussais (F. em e WV.) Traité de phypldlagie spphianée ala pathalozie, deuxiéme édition. Paris, 1834, 2 vol. in-S : Buisson (E. F.) _Traité théorique et pratique de la méthode anesthétique appliqués ala chirurgie. 8vo. Paris, 1850 Bulietin de la Seciete de Chirurgie de Paris, anda ic eanées 1848-49- 60. Vol. I. Syo. Paris, 1851 (Zo be continued annually.) 5 Burdach. Traité de Physiologie considérée comme science d’observation, avec wales addi- tions par MM. les professeurs “Baer, Moser, Meyer, J. Muller, Rathke, Sicbold, Valentin, Wagner, traduit de l’allemand, sur la deuxiéme édition, par A. J. L. Jourdan. Paris, 1837- 41, 9 vol. in- -8, fig. ‘Anatomiste habile, expérimentateur i ingénieux, érndit profond, savant initié par la con- noissance de toutes les langues, aux travaux des diverses nations de l’Europe, et philo- sophe digne de V’école qui s’enorgueillit d’ayoir produit Kant, il rapporte, examine, discute et apprécie les faits avec cette élévation de vues et cette largeur de pensée qui caractérisent les hommes supérieurs, C’est une véritable Encyclopédie physiologique. Burserius (J. B.) Institutions of the Practice of Medicine. lage by Wa G. Brown, M.D. 5 yols. 8yo. half cf. London, 1806 . . Cahagnet. Du traitement des “energies: ou études sur les propriétes Vyoieaitaisls de 150 plantes. 12mo. Paris, 1851 - . = . ° on oe): Systema chirurgis in usus publics waiey ARR 8yo. See J vo. . Calmeil. De la folie considérée sous le point de yue pathologiqne, philosophique, histo- rique et judiciaire, depuis la renaissance des sciences en Europe jusqu’au dix-neuviéme siécle ; description des grandes épidémies de délire simple ou compliqué qui ont atteint les populations @autr efois, et régné dans les monastéres.—Exposé des condamnations aux- quelles la folie méconnue a souvent donné lieu. Paris, 1845, 2 vol. in-8 Capern (fhomas.) The Meaty Curative Powers of Mesmerism Leer ina Hendred and Fifty Cases F Carpenter (W. B.) Principles of Physiology, Genco and Comparative ail 821 wood engrayings. 8yo. cloth F r Carriere (E.) Le Crea de Eitalie, sous i: rapport ‘bysiéniqne et nédiegl Paris 1849, in-8 . Carus, Atlas de eS ee i€, 00 dessins Aguratifs de cranes et de faces do person- nages célébres ou remarquables. 2 parts, 4to. Leips. 1843. Plates é : . Carus (C.G.) Traiié élémentaire d’anatomie comparée et recherches d’anatomie philoso- phique ou transcendante sur les parties primaires du systeme nerveux et du squelette in- » térieur et extérieur, traduit de l’allemand sur la deuxiéme édition, et précédé d’une Esquisse historique "et biblio aphique de Anatomie comparée, = A. J. L. Jourdan, accompagné d’un Atlas de or palsviohien in-4 grayées. Paris, 1835, 3 forts vol. in-S, atlas in-t [Dans cet onvrage Vauteur expliqne successivement les différents organes et systémes dans les différentes classes des animaux. Un atlas fort bien gravé facilite étude et donne Ja représentat::.. fidéle des formes les plus importantes du régne animal. Tl contient aussi les construz-ions hypothétiques d’aprés lesquelles M. Carus concoit une formation des étres organisés; elles servent a Jl’intelligence du troisiéme yolume, ou l’auteur expose ses théories sur l’anatomie philosophique. ] Carus (C.G.) Erlinterungstafeln zur yergleichenden Anatomie. Folio. Leipzig, 1843 Catalogue of the Contents of the Museum sa the a lecrn Coser of Surgeons, im London. dSvyols.4to. . Cazauvieilh. Du suicide, de l’aliénation mentale, et des crimes Gone les pationties comparés dans leurs rapports réciproques. Recherches sur ce pre Li meas chez Jes habitants descampagnes. Paris, 1840, in-8 A . Cazeaux. Traité théorique et pratique des accouchements. 8e édit: 1851, avec splandhes OGazenave (A.) Lecons sur les maladies dela pean, professées a l’Ecole de Médecine. Paris, 1841-48. Cet ouyrage se composera de 10 livraisons, chacune de 5 io 2 in-folio coloriées. Six livraisons sont en vente. Prix de chaque 3 Traité des maladies du Cuir Chevelu, suivi a ace’ hygiéniques sur ie soins a donner ala chevelure. 8vo. Paris, 1850 . 2 « 3 Cazenave et Schedel. Abrégé pratique sur les saibdien de la pean, a édit. Paris, 1847, in-8 : . . ° > Cerise. Exposé et examen aa bg du Barina phrénologique. S8yo, Paris 1886, half bound a ‘ . . Cerise ea datioenee de Védueation physaue et morale sur le vy stéme nerveux. to, Paris, 1840 Celle (E.) Hygiene pratique des pays chauds, ou recherches sur les causes et le —o des maladies de ces contrées. Paris, 1848, 1 vol. in-3 * % Chailly (Homore.) Traité pratique de Vart des Accouchements, accom ‘eik de 248 fig. gravees sur bois et intercalées dans le texte, propres a en faciliter Pétu e, deuxiéme édition, considérablement augmentée. Paris, 1845, in-Sde 900 pages. [Ouvrage adopté par le conseil de l’instruction publique, pour les facultés, les Ecoles pré- paratoires de médecine et les cours départementaux institues pour les sages-fermmes. ] Chapman (E.) Manual of Materia Medica, Pharmacology, Toxicology, &. 12mo. cloth Chardel (ci) pia de payekologie aioe troisiéme édition oo Paris, 1844, in-8 ° - 15 00 « 5 00 0 75 1 00 3 50 1 00 7 00 2 00 8 00 7 50 9 00 . 215 100 175 2 62 6 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. © ‘Chassinat (R.) Des Mésnures et des précautions a prendre pour la conservation dela 3 s. Santé des Détenus. 4to. halfef. Brux. 1847 - 400 Chauffard (P. £.) Essai sur les doctrines médicales, suivi de quelques considérations sur les fiéyres. Paris,1846,in-8 . - : 2 - . = : Chaussier. Contre-poisons mis a la portée des personnes étrangéres a l’art de guérir. 8vo. Paris, 1818 P 4 5 ° . 5 . : Chel Traité de chirurgie, traduit de Yallemand par J. B. Pigné. Paris, 1844. 2 forts vol. in- 4 2 - 2 . 2 : r . Chirurgische Kupfertafelm, cine kleine Sammlung der ndéthigsten Abbildungen you Praparaten, Instrumenten und Bandagen, &. 47 Parts 4to. Innumerable plates and accompanying text : = - . . ° . Chémel (A. F.) Lecons de clinique médicale faites a Hétel-Dien de Paris (fiévre typhoide, rhnmatisme et pneumonie), recueillies et publiées sous ses yeux, par MM. Genest, Kequin et Sestié. Paris, 183440, 3 vol. in-8 S . . Eléments de pathologie générale, troisiéme édit. Paris, 1841, in-8 ° « Churchill. Essays on the Puerperal Fever and other Diseases peculiar to Women. Published by Sydenham Society. 8yo. London, 1849 - F : : Churchill (F.) Researches on Operative Midwifery, &c. With Plates, Syo. cloth ‘ Civiale. Traité de lAffection caleuleuse, ou recherches sur la formation, les caractéres physiques et chimiques, les causes, les signes et les effets pathologiques de la pierre et dela gravels, Suivi d’un essai de statistique sur cette maladie. Paris, 1838, in-8, avec 4 planches in-4 Traité pratique des maladies des organes génitaux urinaires, Paris, 1850, 3 vol. in-8, fig. (Or half bound in calf, in Paris, $7 50) . : ’ . . Cloquet (H.) Traité complet de l’anatomie de Vhomme, comparée dans ses points les plus importants 4 celle des animaux, et considérée sous le double rapport de Vhistologie et de la morphologie; tome ler. Paris, 1829, in-4 avec 100 pl 7 : . Cloquet (Juies.) Anatomie de ’homme ou description et figures de toutes les parties du corps humain. 5vols. in 8, fol. halfcalf, Paris, 1821. (Published at 468 francs) 2 Comptes Rendus des Seances et Memoires de la Societe de F Biologie. 3 vols. 8vo. plates. 1850 and1851. Price of each - rt ad (Bransby.) Lectures on the Principles and Practice of Surgery. Svo. London, ‘ thy Ee A 5 ; ‘ 5 q “ a re Cooper (J.) The First Lines of the Theory and Practice ofSurgery, including the Princi- pal Operations. Svo. cloth 5 c 4 5 4 : Coste. Histoire générale et particuliére du développement des corps organisés, publiée sous les auspices du ministre de 1’Instruction publique. Paris, 48-50, 3 vol. in-4, avec 50 planches grand in-plano, grayées en taille-douce, imprimées en couleur et accompagnées de contre-€prenyes portant la lettre. Prix de la livraison = ° : [Denx livraisons sont en vente, texte et planches. ] Coste et Delpech. Recherches sur la génération des mammiféres, suivies de recher- ches sur la formation des embryons. Paris, 1834, in-4, avec 8 planches ° . Courtemay. Pathology and Rational Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra in all its Varieties and Complications, with Observations on the Use and Abuse of Urethral Instru- ments, The wholeillustrated by numerous Cases, 4th Edition, Syo. London, 1848 . Crosse i ae G.) Cases in Midwifery, with Introduction and Remarks, by E. Copeman, M.D. 8vo. clot . P ° m a . . Cruikshank (W.) The Anatomy of the Absorbing Vessels of the Human Body. 2nd Edition. 4to. Plates . . Cruveilhier. Anatomie descriptive. Deuxiéme édit. Paris, 1843-45, 4 vol. in-8 = Cruveilhier (J.) Anatomie pathologique du corps humain, ou description, avec figures coloriées et lithographiées, de diverses altérations morbides dont le corps humain est susceptible. Ce bel ouvrage est complet; il forme 2 volumes grand in-folio avec 233 planches coloriées; il a éte publié en 41 livraisons composées chacune de 6 fenilles de texte grand in folio raisin vélin, avec 5 pl. coloriées avec le plus grand soin, et 6 pl. lors- qu'il n’y a que 4 pl. coloriées. Paris, 1830-42. 2 vols. folio, half calf . . Traité d’anatomie pathologique générale. Paris, 1849. t. 1, 1 vol. in-8 de 700 pag. Le 2e volume, sous presse ° : . . : Cruveilhicrand Bonamy. Atlasof the Descriptive Anatomy of the Human Body. By J. Cruveilhier, Professor of Anatomy to the Faculty of Medicine, Paris. With Expla- nations by C. Bonamy. Containing 82 Plates of Osteology, Syndemology, and Myology. 4to. London, 1844. Plain, (Colored, $22) ‘ 5 . 4 Appareil de la circulation. Complete in 64 Plates. Plain, (Colored, $16) . Cuvier (G.) Legons d’anatomie comparée, publiées par Duméril, Laurillard et Duyernoy, deuxiéme édit. Paris, 1885-1845, 9 vol. in-8 é " . Danielssen et W. Boeck. Traité de la Spedalskhed ou Eléphantiasis des Grees, worage publié auw frais du gowwernement norvigien. Paris, 1848. 1 vol. in-8, et atlas in-folio de 24 planches dessinées et coloriées d’aprés nature, . ° . Davies (Hi.) Lectures on tho Diseases of the Lungs and Heart. 12mo. cloth. London, 1851 ° 3 . ; ; . s 2 a Debreyne. Thérapentique appliquée, ou Traitements Spéciaux de la plapart des Mala- dies Chroniques, 12mo. Paris, 1844 5 . »———— Essai sur la Théologie Morale, considérée dans ses rapports avec la Physiologie et la Médecine, 8vyo. Paris, 1844 “ . . . . . 624 50 00 200 5 00 450 12 50 4 00 1 25 2 124 3 00 6 50 100 00 2 00 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. SS ES ae ek eo ee eee Delabarre. Des accidents de Dentition chez les enfants, &c. 8vo. Paris, 1851 F saree Traité de Pathologie et de Bt aaa générales vétérinaires. —— vol. in-8. 4 é Deleau. Recherches pratiques sur les mmabaiiss de "Yoreille * sur le develan geal da louie et de la parole chez les sourds-muets, i eects Maladie de Voreille mroyenne. Paris, 1838, in-8. - - : Deleuze. Histoire re du Misabtlbens sharia Nouvelle eatin, Paris, 1819, 2 vol. in-8, br. ° 3 Instructions — sur ig Maeniehinateh Paris, 1846, in-12 De Montallegry. Hypochondrie- spleen, ou neyroses trisplanchniques. Observations relatives 4 ces maladies et leur traitement radical. Svo. Paris, 1841 A wera (J. A. EH.) Traité théorique et Mote @auscultation obstetrical, Paris, 1847, in-8 . Deschamps (Pe J.) Traité hist torique et aggedentes de ig taille, ayec un supplément résentant le résumé de tous les resi eal Bai ce dace par L, J. Bégin. aris, 1826, 4 vol. in-8, fig. : . Deschamps (3H. Hi.) Du Signe certain aie la cites 8vo. Paris, 1852 Descuret. La médecine des Passions, ou les passions considérées dans leurs rapports avec les maladies, les lois et la religion, deuxiéme édition augmentée. Paris, 1843, in-8 . Desmarres (i. A.) Traité des Maladies des bees avec 78 figures intercalées dans le Texte. Thick 8vo. Paris, 1847 ri Deval. Chirurgie Oculaire, ou Traité des Gnérations Chir areenien se pratiquent sur lGail et ses Annexes, §Svo. avec planches. Paris, 1844 ° Traité de PAmaurose ou de la Goutte Sereine. 8vo. A - Devay. Recherches sur les Maladies cancereuses. 8vo. A . . Beventer. Observations importantes sur le Manuel des cngia sete traduit du latin. Paris, 1733, in-4, fig. = . Devergie (P. N.) Clinique de la maladie eyphiliique, mace Wabser piienne communi- quées par MM. Cullerier (oncle et neveu), Gard, Gama, &., owwrage complet, pple en 25 livr. Paris, 1853, 2 vol. in-4, dont 1 de 126 pl. gr. in-4 color. . 25 00 Devergie (Alph.) Médecine légale, théorique et pratique, avec le texte et Vinterpréta- ‘on des lois relatives a la médecine Jlégale, reyus et annotés par J. B. Dehaussy, con- a, a la Cour de Cassation. TZvroisiéme siento entierément iia Pos 1852, 3 vol. in-8 Z - Ss a « Hi.) Die Seen Bntdecknngen in dat Materia Medics: Sv Heidel- erg, 1 Bieu (S.) Traité de soauiars Médical et de Pherepontins, geceede de eausticrekions ane ey sur la zoologie, et suiyi de l’Histoire des eaux naturelles. ats 1847-1851, vol. in-8 2 Bomme (A.) Conseils aux Merce sur PAllaitement et sur la Maniére @élever 3s Enfants Nouyeau-Nés, 2éme édition augmentée. 12mo. Paris, 1846 Cours de Microscopie Complémentaire des Etudes Médicales. Svyo. 1844 ‘ — Atlas du Cours de Microscopie de 20 planches. Paris, 1845 Druitt (J.) The Surgeon’s Vade idee illustrated with one Hundred aad Seventy Wood Cuts. 12mo. cloth. ‘ Dubrwueil. Des anomalies artérielles, constdérées dans leurs rapports avec la pathologie et les opérations chirurgicales, par le docteur J.-M. DvusrRveEtL, eee @anatomlie a la Faculté de médecine de Montpellier, &e. Paris, het 1 1 in-8, avec atlas in-4 de 17 planches col. S Duchesne-DPuparc. "Traité ites gourmes Pence 1és anfuts.” Paris, 1842, in-8. Ducros (L.) Guide pratique PS étude et le traitement des maladies eyphiitiquer: 12mo. Paris, 1841 - Duges. Manuel Wobstétrique, ou Traité aa la science et ae Vart des accouchements; i ae Vexposé des maladies de la femme et de l’enfant nouveau-né, et suivi d’un précis sur la saignée et la vaccination; troisiéme dition revue par V Allemand et Franc, avec 48 fig. gravées. Paris, 1840, in- 8 F x Duparcque. Maladies de la matrice, Sonipronsnt: 1° altérations organtques simples et cancéreuses ; 2° histoire complete des ruptures et des déchirures de Puterus, du vagin et du périnée, Paris, 1839, 2 vol. in-S : m ‘ Dupotet. Course du magnétisme animal. 2d edition: 8yo. Pile 1840 F ‘ Dupuytren. Lecons orales de clinique chirurgicale faites a l’H6tel-Dieu de Paris, re- cueillies et publiées par les docteurs Brierre de Boismont et Marx, deuwiime eaition, entiérement refondue. Paris, 1839, 6 vol. in-8 [Wota., Les tomes 5 et 6 ‘contiennent le Zraité des blesswres par armes de guerre, séparément] . 3 é Durand-Fardel. Des Eaux de Vichy 8yo. Paris, 1851 , f ; Dutrochet. Mémoires pour servir a V’histoire anatomique et physiologique des végé- taux et des animaux atlas in-4 de 17 planches 2° TRAITE DE MYOLOGIE ET D’ANGEIOLOGIE, par F.-G. Theile, 1 vol. in-8 : 89 TRAITE DE NEVROLOGIE, par G. Valentin, 1 vol. in-8, avec figures 5 4° TRAITE D’ANATOMIE GENERALE, ou Histoire des tissus et de la composition chimique du corps humain, par Henle, 2 yol. in- -8, avec 5 planches gravées : , 5° TRAITE DU DEVELOPPEMENT DE L’HOMME et des Mammiféres; snivi dune Histoire du développement de Veuf de lapin, par le docteur T.-L.-G. Aisehal 1 vol. in-8, avec un atlas in-4 de 16 planches - . 69 TRAIT DE SPLANCHNOLOGIE ET DES ORGANES DES SENS, par E. Husebke 1 yol. in-8 de 870 pages, avec 5 pl. 5 7? ANATOMIE PATHOLOGIQUE GENERALE, aa Nagel Paris, 1247, 1 ey in-8 [Cette Encyclopédie anatomique, réunie aux Traitées de “Physiologie de Burdach et de J. Muller, forme un ensemble complet des deux sciences sur lesquelles repose l’édifice entier de la médecine. ] Esquirol. Des maladies mentales, considérées sous les rapports médical, hygiénique et médico-légal. Paris, 1838, 2 forts volumes in-8, avec un atlas de 27 planches grayées [Lvouvrage que j’offre au public est le résulat de quarante ans d’études et d’observations. J’ai observé les symptémes de la folie et j’ai essayé les meilleures méthodes de traite- ment; j’ai étudié les meeurs, les habitudes et les besoins des aliénés, au milien desquels, jai passé ma vie; m attachant aux faits, je les ai rapprochés par les affinités, je les raconte tels que je les ai vus. J’ai rarement cherché 4 les expliquer, et je me suis arrété devant les systémes qui m’ont toujours paru plus séduisants par leur €clat qu’utiles par leur application.” Lxtrait de la préface de Vauteur.] Fabre. Bibliothéque — see page ]. e Farre (J. &.) The Morbid ee of the Liver and Tumours. 2 pa 4to. Colored plates. London, 1812 : Fauconneau-Duiresne. Traité de Affection Galonlensa du fie, avec 5 planches. 12mo. Paris, 1851 ‘ Feigei (T. A.) ‘Anhang vom Handbudhe ‘der ‘Knatomie, By. and folio Plates Wiirz- burg, 1837 ; = Vollstindiges Haidtush idee Aste aut ihrem jetaizen Standpunkte, Mit Atlas. 8vo. Wiirzburg, 1837 Visage der pibaeeattchey Abbildimgen. Byo-text i. sto-plates, Wiirsburs, 18AL J Ferguson (Dr. WW.) System of Pewbbien! daiwary: With Tilasteationa 12mo. cloth. Ferrus. Mémoire sur le Goitre et le Crétinisme, avéc 5 planches. &vo. Paris, 1851 - Fischer (3...) Descriptio Anatomica Nervorum Lumbalium Pecraliniy et Extremita- tum Inferiorum. Atlas folio, 4 plates. Lipsi, 1791 ; Forget. Traité de l’entérite folliculense (fiévre typhoide). Paris, 1841, in-8 de ‘856 pages Fournet, f[echerches cliniques sur Vauscultation des organes respiratoires, et sur la . premiere période de la phthisie pulmonaire. Paris, 1839, 2 vol. in-8 . . Foville. Déformation du crane résultant de la méthode la joe aret en de couvrir la téte des enfants. Paris, 1854, in-8, fig. é Traité complet de Yanatomie, de la physiologia et ae la pathologie da systéme nerveux cérébro-spinal. Paris, 1844, t. L., Anatomie, in-8, et atlas de 23 planches, in-4 Foy. Traité de maticre médicale et de ereveniis ere: a chaque maladie en parti- culier. Paris, 1843, 2 vol. in-8 5 é F ‘ Manuel d’hygiéne. Paris, 1245, in-18 - . e ——— Nouveau formulaire des praticiens, contenant les donmunton ie hépitaux civils et militaires de Paris, de France, d’Italie, d’Allemagne, d’Angleterre, de Pologne, &e.; pré- cédé d'un Mémorial thérapeutique, et suivi de Secours a donner aux empoissonnés et aux asphyxiés. Quatriome edition angmentée. Paris, 1844, 1 vol. in-1S é : Pieurcns (P.) Théorie i de la Formation des Os. 8vo. with 7 plates. aris, 1847 Anstonite Générale de la Pean et des Membranes Muinierises, Ato. ayec 6 planches coloriées. Paris, 1843 A . . ’ “aiming d@ Anatomie et ie Pystologie coumasiiens 4to. avec 8 sun Paris Cours sur la einige lmdaale oe Vembryologie fait en 1836, au akuesum dhis- toire naturelle, recueilli et publié par Deschamps. Paris, 1 vol. in-4, avec 10 al . 1844 5 00 6 50 8 50 0 75 2 00 2 25 2 00 0 75 7 00 1 00 2 00 5 00 5 00 150 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 9 ‘ a EFlourens (P.) Recherches sur les fonctions et les propriétés du Systeme netyenx dans les animaux vertébrés. Deuxiéme édition, entiérement refondue et considérable- ment augmentée. Paris, 1842, in-S de 516 pages . 3 i eis 2 - 200 Frank (J. RP.) Traité de médecine pratique de J.-P. Frank, traduit du latin par J.-M.-G. Goudareau, D.M. Nouvelle édition, revue et corrigée, angmentée des observa- tions et réflexions pratiques contenues dans les Interpretationes clinice de J.-P. Frank, et précédée d’une introduction par J.-F. Double, membre de l'Institut et de ’ Académie de Médecine. Paris, 1842, 2 forts vol. grand in-8 a deux colonnes, sur papier jésus vélin 5 50 Feviile. Traité complet de l’anatomie, de la physiologie et de la pathologie du systéme neryeux cérebro-spinal. Paris, 1844, t. 1, Anatomie, in-8, et atlas de 23 pl, in-4 . 650 Froriep. De Lingua Anatomica quedam et Semiolica. 4to. Colored plates. Bonn, 1828 1 50 Froriep (R.) On the Therapeutic Application of Electro-Magnetism. Translated by Rh. M. Lawrance, M.D. 8yo. cloth ; = p , ; wl to Gautier (Aubin.) Histoire du somnambulisme chez tous les peuples, sous les noms divers d’extases, songes, oracles, &c., sur ses causes, les effets, les abus, les avantages et Putilité de son concours avec la médecine. Paris, 1842, 2 vol. in-8 - P - 250 Gemdyrin (A.N.) Legons sur les maladies du cur et des grosses artéres, recnillies et publiées par E. Colson et Dubreui! Hélion. Paris, 1842, tome I, in-8 : Pia lho 05, Traité philosophique de médecine pratique. Paris, 1888-42, 3 vols. in-8 - 525 Geoffroy-Saint=Hilaire. Philosophie anatomique. Tome I, des Organs respira- toires; tome IJ, Monstruosités humaines. Paris, 1818-1823, 2 vol. in-8 et 2 atlas in-4 - 650 —— Histoire générale et particuliére des Anomalies de l’organisation chez ’homme et les animaux, ouvrage comprenant des recherches sur les caractéres, la classification, l’in- fluence physiologique et pathologique, les rapports généraux, les lois et les causes des monstrnosités, des variétes et vices de conformation, ou Traité de tératologie. Paris, 1832-1836, 3 forts vol. in-8 et atlas de 20 planchies . 4 - . - 700 ———_——. Séparément les tomes I, II, in-8, atlas , c - £00 Vie, travaux €@t doctrines scientifiques d’Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. Paris, 1847, in-12 5 : = Beer s r - “ - 100 Gerber and Gulliver. Elements ofthe General and Minute Anatomy of Man and the Mammalia; chiefly after Original Researches. To which is added an Appendix, com- prising Researches on the Anatomy of the Blood, Chyle, Lymph, Thymous, Fluid, Tubercle, and Additions, by C. Gulliver, F.R.S. In 1 vol. Svo. ‘Text, and an Atlas of 34 Plates, engraved by L. Aldous. 2 vols. 8yo. Cloth boards : 4 6 00 Gerdy (P.N.) Pathologie Générale Médico-Chirurgicale. Syo. ; - 200 Gibert. Manuel pratique des maladies vénériennes. Paris, 1837, in-18 c Pome 24511) Giraldi (%1.) Anatomici Sammi Septemdecim Tabula, 4to. Pl. Parma, 177 - 200 Gliebe (G.) Pathologische Histologic. 4to. Jena, 1850 . = S25 Gluge. Atlas der pathologischen Anatomie der Organe des menschlichen Kérpers. Mit color. Kupfertafeln u. Text. 21 parts Fotio : c . . 80 00 Gethe (J. W.de) Cunvres Vhistoire naturelle, comprenant les Mémoires scientifiques sur l’anatomie comparée, la botanique et la géologie; traduit de l’allemand par Martins. Paris, 1837, in-8 et atlas in-fol. . 5 : ‘ “ ; 8 75 Grant. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy. 8yo. MIlustrated with 148 Woodcuts, boards. London, 1833-1841 f ‘ © 7 00 Grimaux de Caux et Martin Saimt-Amge. Ilistoire de la Génération de Vhomme précédée de l'étude comparative de cette fonction dans les divisions principales du régne animal, 1 vol. in-4, accompagné d’un magnifique atlas de planches . - £00 Grisoile. ‘Traité élémentaire et pratique de pathologie interne. 4e édit. Paris, 1850, 2 vol. in-8. (or half calf $5 50) . = é - ke - £25 Gwillot (N.) La Lesion la maladie. Syo. Paris, 1851 : ‘ ' - 075 —— Exposition anatomique de I’organisation du centre nerveux dans les quatre classes d@animaux vertébrés, ouvrage couronné par l’Académie royale des sciences de Bruxelles. Paris, 1844, in-4 avee 18 pl. ‘ : . 400 Guthrie (G. J.) On the Injuries of the Mead and on Hernia. 8yo. cl. London, 1847 1 75 —— On Wounds and Injuries of the Abdomen and the Pelyis, 8yo. cloth - 090 Guthrie (C.G.) On Cataract and its Appropriate Treatment by Operation adopted for each peculiar case. 8Wo. cloth 7 ; : a Hall (Warshall.) On the Diseases and Derangements of the Nervous System, in their Primary Forms, and in their modifications by Age, Sex, Constitution, Hereditary Predis- osition, Excesses, General Disorder and Organic Disease. Syo. with 8 engraved Plates, London, 1841 - z F “ . - 400 New Memoir on the Nervous System; true Spinal Marrow, and its Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, and Therapeutics. Ato. with 5 engraved Plates, London, 183°. 5 00 Haller. Elementa physiologiw corporis humani. Lausanne, 1757, 9 vol. in-4. Half ef, - 15 00 Opera minora, Lausanne, 1762-1768, 3 yol.in-4. Half ef. , 7 - 500 HMialler (A.) Ilistoria morborum qui Annis 1699, 1700, 1701, and 1702. Bd. in vellum ex, Geneva, 1746 : . . F é i Wamilton (A.) Anatomical Fables, ana an Abridgment of the Practice of Midwifery. With Illustrations, Atlas fol. Edinburgh,1787 . . a Baardy et Behier. Traité élémentaire de Pathologie interne. Paris, 1844, tomes I et Il, in-8. L’ouvrage aura 3 yol. Prix de chaquo * : F 175 10 . STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Harveii. ater rig) Opera Omnia; a Collegio Medicorum os em 1766. Fol. bound in russ ° Hassall. The Microscopic Anatomy of “the Human Body in Health and Disease. Illustrated with upwards of 400 Original Drawings, eet of them ae ape 2 vols. 8vo. Hartfort, 1850 ; S Hastings (J.) Pulmonary Cengeambont silenoeatully ineatad Sh ayant with an appendix showing the utility of puncturing tuberculous cavities as an adjuvant in the Cure of Phthisis. 8yo. London, 1845 : . Heidenhain et Ehrenberg. Exposition des mbenedtes hydriatiques de Priesnitz dans les diverses espéces de ma adies, considérées en elles-mémes et pie ead avec celles de la médecine allopathique. ‘Paris, 1842, in-18 . ° Weim (J.) Historisch-kritische Beleuchtung der Pockenseuchen des eee Impf- und Revaccinnationswesens im Kénigreiche Wiirttemberg. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1838 4 Heisch (Ff. A.) Du traitement sans mercure des différentes affections des asl géni- tales. 4to. Strasbourg, 1835 2 . Meisteri (D. LL.) Institutiones iGnamneras! 2 vole 4to. ef, tarantaueiaee! 1739 Henle (5.) Anatomie générale, ou Histoire des tissus et de la composition chimique du corps humain, traduit de allemand, par A.-J.-L. Jourdan. ae pay) 2 vol. in-8, avec 5 pl. gravées. (Voy. Encyclopédie "Anatomique. ) . Werpin (N.) Du Pronostie et du Traitement Curatif de VEpilepsie, enyniee couconae par l'Institut. Svo 5 . . Eiesselbac. Disquisitiones siniehito® -pathologiew de ortu et progress hema ingui- nalium et cruralium. Wisseburgi, 1816, in-4 avec 17 pl... . . Wimly. Die Krankheiten und Missbildungen des menschlichen ABeeS und deren Hei- lung. 9 pts. 4to. Nordhausen, 1243 . : Hippocrates. The genuine works of, translated fom the eres by J. hone L.L.D. 2 vols. 8vo. Sydenham Society. London, 1849 3 . . Hiippocrate (Cuvres complétes d’), traduction nouvelle, avec le teste grec en regard, collationné sur les manuscrits et toutes les éditions; accompagnées d’une introduction, de commentaires médicaux, de variantes et de notes philologiques ; suivies d’une table géné- rale des matiéres; par E. Littré, membre de l'Institut. “Paris, 1889-1849. — Cet oS formera 9 forts vol. in-8 de 600 4 700 pages chacun. Prix de chaque yolume Wiering. Recherches sur la nature et le siége de la Cataracte. Extrait des Annie @Oculistique. 8vo. Brussels, 1843 5 5 : Woldem (.) A Manual of the Dissection of the Honea Body. Syo. London, 1851 Wome (Sir FE.) Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, in which are explained the prepa- rations in the Hunterian Collection. 4 vols. 4to. and Atlas. London, 1814-1828 . Hiooper (B.) Medical Dictionary, revised, corrected, and improved, by Dr. Grant. One thick vol. 8vo. cloth . : 4 5 ; 3 ° : Humbert et Jacquier. Essai ct observations sur la maniére de réduire les luxations spontanées ou symptomatiques de l’articulation ilio-fémorale, méthode applicable aux luxations congénitales et aux luxations anciennes Pe causes externes. Paris, aie atlas de 30 pl. in-4 a . Hiunt (H.) On the Nature and ronunent of Tic Dynloerei: Béiation bad other Nennalgi Disorders. S8vyo. cloth Hunter (J3.) Traité do la path eiehenues uriait de Panglais pee Richelot, ayec den Notes et Additions par Ricord. 8yo. Paris, 1852 . - 5 < ° Hurtrel @’Arboval. Dictionnaire de médecine, de chirurgie et dhygiéne vétéri- naires. Ouyrage utile aux vétérinaires, aux ofliciers de cayalerie, aux propriétaires, aux fer- miers, aux cultivateurs et a toutes les personnes chargées du soin et du gouvernement des animaux domestiques. Deuxiéme dition, entiérement refondue. Paris, 1838-1839, 6 forts vol. in-8 : < Iconographie pathologique. Folio plates 2. ityraisons 5 5 . Ennis (@.) The Skin, in Health and Disease; a concise manual, treating in a popular form, on the preseryation of the skin in a healthy condition, and on the treatment of the Diseases to which it is liable. With cases and col. plates. 8yo. cloth > ° Imbert (£.) Nouveau tratté des maladies des femmes. Paris, 1838, in-8 . Itard. ‘Traité des maladies de'loreille et de laudition. Nouvelle édit, augmentée, publiée par les soins de l’Académie nationale de médecine. Paris, 1842, 2 vol. in-8, fig. Jacquemier (.) Manuel des /accouchements et des maladies des ieee grosses et accouchées, contenant les soins & donner aux nouveaux-nés. Paris, 1846, 2 vol. in-12, avec 66 fig. " . Jenner, Wi.D. (Edward), Life of. Physician to Wis Majesty George IV. With Illustrations of his Doctrines, and Selections prea, his seta aaa by Dr, John Baron# 2 vols. 8yo. cloth ° . . Jenty (C. N.) Demonstratio Uteri. Folio, Niirnborg, 1761 3 Jobert. Traité de Chirurgie plastique. Paris, 1849, 2 vol. in-8, et atlas de 18 at in folio, gravées et col. [Afin de faire comprendre la hante portée chirur cicale de Vouvrage de M. Jobert, il suifit d’indiquer les sujets qui y sont traités; savoir: “Des cas qui réclament l’autoplastie, des préparations auxquelles il convient de Soumettre les parties intéressées dans Vopéra- tion. — Des parties qui doivent entrer dans la composition du lambeau et des tissus propres a le former. — Des méthodes autoplastiques — APPLICATION PRATIQUE. Auto- plastic srdnienne, faciale et de l'appareil de la vision, — De la rhinoplastie ou réparation $c. 8 00 8 00 175 1 00 2 00 0 50 2 00° 375 2 00 2 00 7 00 5 50 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. ii da nez, de la réparation des jones, de la bouche (stomatoplatie). — De Ja trachéoplastie, de la thoracoplastie. — Autoplastie des membres supérieurs. — Autoplastie du canal in- testinal et dans les hernies. — Autoplastie des organes génitaux de "homme (testicule, fistule urinaire, périnée). — Autoplastie des organes génito-urinaires de la femme, vices de conformation des grandes et petites léyres, oblitération de la vulve et du vagin. — Autoplastie de l’urétre et de la vessie chez la femme; fistule vésico-vaginale; chapitre important qui oecupe plus de 400 pages.] Johnson (W.) An Essay on the Diseases of Young Women. Syo. cloth - : s a ee J~) Clinical Observations on Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs. vo. clot . - Fy sd srk (@. W.) The principles and practice of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery. 12mo. clo ; : - = : - A 2 : Jongh (L. J.) Disquisitio comparativa chemico medica de tribus olei jecoris aselli speciebus. Utrecht, 1843,in-8 . : - . . : . Jourdan (A. J. LL.) Dictionnaire raisonné, étymologique, synonymique et, polyglotte des termes usités dans les sciences naturelles, ecomprenant l’anatomie, Vhistoire naturelle de la physiologie générale, l’astronomie, la botanique, la chimie, la géographie physique, la géclogie, la minéralogie, la physique, la zoologie. Paris, 1834, 2 forts vol. in-8, petit texte Adeuxcolonnes . : é - . 3 = * Kramer (G.) Traité pratique des maladies de Voreille, traduit de Vallemand avec des notes et des additions nombreuses, par le ddcteur Meniére. Paris, 1848,in-8. - Laberge, Monneret et Fleury. Compendium de médecine pratique, ou Exposé analytique et raisonné des trayaux contenus dans les principaux traités de pathologie in- terne. Paris, 1836-1846; 8 vol. gr. in-8, publié en 31 livraisons in-8. Prix . : Laennec. A Treatise on the Mediate Auscultation, and on Diseases of the Lungs and Heart. With Notes and Additions by M. Laennec and M. Andral. With Practical Notes, by F. H. Ramadge, M.D., Oxon. 8yo. with Plates. London, 1846 . - - Lallemand. Des pertes séminales inyolontaires, Paris, 1836-1842, 3 vol. in-8 P 1 50 3 50 8 50 1 50 4 50 1 75 25 00 6 25 gcse} rele (Ce J. We) Mikroskopisch-Anatomische Abbildungen. 4to, half cl. Pag Langlebert (E.) Guide pratique et méthodique de létudiant en médecine, ou Con- seils aux éléyes sur la direction qu’ils doivent donner a leurs études. Paris, 1852, in-12 Laporte (J. LL.) Quelques Considérations sur la Phrénésie: Présentées et Publique- a soutentes a la Faculte de Médecine de Montpellier, le 9 Mai, 1815. 4to, cf Mont. Bes é = Larrey. Clinique chirurgicale exercée particuliérement dans les camps et les hépitaux 0 50 militaires depuis 1792 jusqu’en 1836. Paris, 1830-1836, 5 forts vol. in-8, atlas de 47 pl. . 10 00 Latham (P. MW.) Lectures on subjects connected with Clinical Medicine, comprising Diseases of the Heart. 2 vols. 12mo. London, 1846 : : = = Lauvergne. Les forcats considérés sous le rapport physiologique, moral et intellectuel, obseryés au bagne de Toulon, par H. Lauvergne, médecin en chef de la marine royale et de Vhépital des forcats de Toulon. Paris, 1841, in-8 : : . . [Cet ouvrage est divisé en neuf chapitres qui comprennent: 1° Phrénologie et phy- siognomie du forcat.— 22 Des meurtriers, études morales sur cette classe de forcats. — 8° De la Corse intérieure. De la Vendetta. — 4° Des différentes classes d’assassins et de leur psychologie. — 5° Du yol, des grands et petits voleurs, moeurs au bagné. — 6° Faus- saires, faux-monnayeurs, forgats lettrés. — 7° Des forgats condamnés pour viol. — 8° Légis- lation des bagnes, réglement intérieur. — 9° Statistique des bagnes de France. Les bagnes ‘1 sont-ils nécessaires?] — De l’agonie et de la mort dans les différentes classes de la société, considérées sous les rapports humanitaires, philosophiques et religieux. Paris, 1842,2 vol.in-8 . - Lawramncee on the Therapentic Application’ of Electro-Magnetism in the treatment of Rheumatic and Paralytie Affections. 8yvo, cloth . . Leake (John.) Lecture on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery. 4to, half calf. London, 1775 . A ; P ‘ 3 : : ; Lebaudy. The Anatomy of the Regions interested in the Surgical Operations performed upon the Human Body ; with Occasional Views of the Pathological Condition, which render the interference of the Surgeon necessary. In a series of 24 plates, the size of Life. Folio. London, 1845 . : * * - 4 s F Lebert (Hi.) Physiologie pathologique, ou Recherches cliniques, microscopiques et ex- périmentales sur l’inflammation, la tuberculisation, les tumeurs et les autres tissus acci- dentels. Paris, 1845, 2 vol. in-8, avec atlas de 22 planches gravées, gr. in-8 “ ° ——., Traité pratique des maladies Scrofuleuses et Tuberculeuses, ou Recherches ana- tomiques, pathologiques et thérapeutiques sur les serofules et les tuberenles. Ouvrage couronné par l’Académie nationale de médecine. Paris, 1849, 1 fort vol. in-8. F Traité pratique des maladies cancereuses et des affections curables confondues avec le cancer. 8yo. Paris, 1851. ‘ 2 . ° ° . Leblanc et Trousseau. Anatomie chirurgicale des principaux animaux domes- tiques, ou Recueil de planches représentant: 1° l’Anatomie des régions du cheval, du beeuf, du mouton, sur lone on pratique les opérations les plus graves; 2° les divers états des dents du cheval, du beeuf, du mouton, du chien, indiquant l’dge de ces animaux: 8° les instruments de chirurgie vétérinaire; avec un texte explicatif. Paris, 1828, 1 vol. 475 1 73 75 175 5 00 6 00 5 75 5 75 2 25 grand in-folio avec 30 pl. gravées, dont 15 coloriées . F i . 10 00 Lee (H.) On the origin of Inflammation of the Veins, and on the Causes, Consequences and Treatment of Purulent Deposits. 8yvo. London, 1850 “ F Lee (R.) Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery. 8vo. London, 1844 F 1 75 4 50 12 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Lee (Robt.) On the Ganglia and the other Neryons Structures of the Uterus. 4to, boards, London, 1842 . 4 - 5 d 3 ve F 6, Legendre (fF. LE.) Recherches Anatomo-Pathologiques et Cliniques sur quelques mala- ies de ’Enfance, Paris, 1846, in-8 X . . ‘ ° Leuret (E.) Du traitement moral de Ia folie. Paris, 1840, in-8 3 2 Fragments psychologiques sur la folie. Paris, 1834, in-8 . A ——- Anatomie comparée du Systéme nerveux, dans ses rapports avec l’intelligence, comprenant la description de l’encéphale et de la moélle rachidienne; et l’expose de la relation qui existe entre Ja perfection progressive de ces centres nerveux et ]’etat des facultés instinctives, intellectuelles et morales. Paris, 1839. Tome I, in-8, acompagnés d@’un magnifique atlas de 16 planches in-folio. (Deux livraisons sont publiées.) Prix de chaque livraison 8 . ° anh Levy (Michel.) Traité d’hygiéne publique-et privée. Paris, 1844-1845. 2 vol. in-8 [Cet ouvrage embrasse dans son ensemble toutes les notions positives, tous les résultats @expérimentation, tous les documents qui se rapportent aux nombreuses et difficiles questions @’hygiéne publique et privée. C’est un livre marqué au coin de l’obseryation, rempli @idées et d’apercus nouveaux, écrit avec cette €lézance et cette pureté de style; qui rit. longtemps ont placé l’auteur parmi les écrivains les plus distingués de l’epoque actuelle. Gheritier. Traité de chimie pathologique, ou Recherches chimiques sur les solides et les liquides du corps humain, dans leurs rapports ayec la physiologie et la pathologie. Paris, 1842, in-8, avec 1 pl. : : P : ; 3 5 Lionet (P. E.) Del’Origine des Hernies et de quelques Affections de la Matrice. Paris, 1847, 1 vol. in-8, avec 1 pl. 5 4 : s - manrrhs aA (J-) Lecons cliniques sur les maladies de l’utérus, publiées par Pauly. Paris, 1836, in- : : é “ 2 C . Clinique chirurgicale de l’hépital de la Pitié. Paris, 1841-1843, 3 vol. in-8 Précis de médecine opératoire. Paris, 1846-1847, tome I, II, et 1 et 2 livraisons du tome III, in-8 - Fs ; a : 5 ‘ E —s (§mo.) Observations on Extraction of Diseased Ovaria. Fol., bds. Edinburgh, oh ary 3 Longet. Traité de Physiologie. Paris, 1850-1851, 2 forts volumes grand in-8 compactes, avec figures dans le texte et planches en tailledouce noires et coloriées . " Lobstein. De neryisympathici humani fabrica, usu et morbis commentatio anatomica, Folio-plates. . : : 5 5 A a Louis (P. C. A.) Recherches anatomiques, pathologiques et thérapeutiques sur la Maladie connue sous les noms de Fiévre typhoide, putride, adynamique, ataxique, bilieuse, muqueuse, gastro-entérite, dothinentérie, &e., comparée avec les Maladies aigués les plus ordinaires Deumitme édition, considérablement augmentée. Paris, 1841,2vol.in-8 . Louis. Recherches anatomiques, pathologiques, et thérapeutiques sur la phthisie. Deu- xiéme édition, 8vo. Paris, 1348. : 5 5 - : 4 Lucas (P. B.) Traité philosophique et physiologique de Vhérédité naturelle dans les états de santé, et de maladie du systéme nerveux, avec l’application méthodique des lois de la procréation-au traitement général des affections dont elle est le principe Ouvrage ou la question est considérée dans ses rapports avec les lois primordiales, les théories de la generation, les causes déterminantes de la sexualité, les modifications acquises de la nature originelle des étres, et les diverses formes de néyropathie et d’alienation mentale. Paris, 1847-1249, 2 vol. in-8 : 5 9 5 5 : 4 Ludovic-Hirschweld et Leveille. La Névrologie, ou Description et Teonogra- phie du Systéme Nerveux et des Organes des sens de Homme, avec leur’ mode de prepa- rations, par M. le Docteur Ludovic-Hirschweld et M. J. B. Léveillé, dessinateur. [Cet ouvrage sera composé de 90 planches, 4to dessinées d’aprés nature et lithographiées ar M Léveillé. Ilsera publié en dix livraisons, chacune de 9 planches, avec texte des- eriptif et raisonné } Prix de la livraison, figures noires : : ° 3 A 5 ‘ % & is coloriées. E F ° : ; r | 8 livraisons sont en vente. Mractise (J.) Comparative Osteology, being Morpho-logical studies to demonstrate the Architype Skeleton of Vertebrated Animals. Folio. London, 1847. 5 JWiadd ck (A. #8.) Practical Observations on the efficacy of Medicated Inhalations in the Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption. With col. plates. 8vo, cloth : : Magendie. Précis élémentaire de Physiologie. Quatritme édition. Paris, 1836, 2 vol. in-8 . . —— Phénoménes physiques de la vie; legons professées au Collége de France. Paris, 1842, 4 vol. in-8., ; F j § , ; ; a techerches physiologiques et cliniques sur le liquide céphalo-rachidien, ou cérébro-spinal, Paris, 1842, in-4, et atlas de 8 planches in-fol. ; . . mat ae Traité d’Anatomie chirurgicale et de Chirurgie expérimentale. Paris, 1838, 2 vol. in-8 ‘ ° — Manuel de Médecine opératiore, fondée sur l’Anatomie pathologique et l’Anatomie normale Cinguiéme édition, Paris 1849, in-18. = Fi ——__—— Traité des fractures et des luxations; premiére partie: des Fractures, 1847, t. I, in-8, et atlas de 16 planches in-folio, Le tome deuxiéme est sous presse. Paris, 3 09 8 75 2 25 075 3 15 roe Se ; STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 13 $c. Mandl. Anatomie microscopique, par le docteur L. Mandl, professeur de microseopie. Paris, 1838-1848. — Cet ouvrage formera deux volumes in-folio. Le tome I, comprenant !’Histotoere, et divisé en deux séries: Tissus et organes, — Liquides organiques. Il a été publié en XXVI livraisons, composées chacune de 5 feuilles de texte et 2 planches lithographiées in-folio. . B9 00 Les XXVI livraisons du tome I comprennent: Premizre : série, 1° Muscles; 2° et 3° Nerfs et Cervean; 4° et 59 Appendices tegumentaires; 6° Terminaisons des nerfs ; 7° Car- tilages, Os et Dents; 8° Tissus celluleux et adipeux; 9° Tissus sérenx, fibreux’ et élas- tiques; 10° Epiderme et Epithélium; 11° Glandes; 12° Vaisseaux sanguins; 13° Vais- seaux lympathiques; 14° Structure du foie et des glandes vasculaires ; ‘15° Structure da poumon ; 16” Structure des organes urinaires; 17° Structure des organes de la génération: 18° Structure de la peau; 19° Membrane muqueuse et Structure de la pean; 20° et 21° Or- ganes des sens. — Deuwieme série. 1° Sang; 2° Pus et Mucus; 3° Lait et Urine; 4° et 5° Sperme. — Prix de chaque livraison . 1 50 Le tome II, comprenant ius ee sera publiée en XX livraisons. — 5 ‘lier. sont en vente, prix de chaque - 150 Manuel d’anatomie peneads appliqnée a lg Physiologie et la pathologie, ak 1843, in-8, avec 5 pl. gray. 2 00 Mandi et Ehremberg (C. &.) Traité eoitigus du icreea et ie son EaaGn aaa létude des corps organises, suivyi de recherches sur l’organisation des animaux infusoires. In-8ayec 14 pl. Paris, 1830. 2 00 Miamec. Traité théorique et pratique de la ieaeers des nae Paris, 1832 te. aes 4 50 Miare. De la folie considérée dans ses mEpoNP avec - eee médicojudiiaires, Paris, 1840, 2 yol. in-8. 3 B . 8 Miarchal. Des Epidémies. 8yo. ne 1352. 3 é 2 . 075 Mascagni (Pauli). Anatomia Universa; XLIV tabulis eneis juxta eae ho- ininis adulti. 9 parts, folio, and large folio plates. Pisa, 1823-30. > - 40 00 ' seers ialuaa Prodromo della cman anolomia, Folio text and large foio-pates. sapere : 1819, Masse (J. Ne) Petit mala eonigtr Panataenie descriptive ta corps aan “destiné a compléter tous les traités d’anatomie Coneplniine, 8éme. édition. 12mo, 112 plstasy plain. Paris, 1846. (Coloured $9,00.) . - 500 Mateucci. Lecons sur les eitspraines physiques = chiatric des corps Ss Paris, 846, in-18. - : - 100 Maury. Traité complet ae Part ta dentisto: troisiéme edition, eeneice et mise au cou- rant de Ja science au Site dun grand nombre de notes, ar Paul Gresset. 8yo., 40 plates. Paris, 1841. 5 3 00 Mayer (A.) Des janpol conjugaux, eankideren sous ip dubia point a yue ae Thygiane et de la morale publique.’ Paris, 1848, in-8 de 32 pag. - 050 Miaygrier. Nouvelles démonstrations d’acconchements, papueaeeeee dun texte raison- né propre a en faciliter ’explication ; denxiéme yar augmentée Dae M. Halma-Grand. Paris, 1840, in-8, et atlas de 20 pl. in-fol. ‘ = - 10 00 Mayo (Hi.) Series of Engravings of the Brain and Spinal Cord i in Man. Fol. 1827. - 200 Mayor. Bandages et appareils 4 pansements, ou nouyeau systéme de déligation chirurgi- cale; troisieme edition, augmentée. Paris, 1838, in-8, avec atlas de 16 pl. in-4. avk % Mieckel (F.) Traité générale d’anatomie comparée, sien de Vallamane par Riester et A. Sanson. Paris, 1829-1838, 10 vol. in-8. ; 2 <, oo Menville. Histoire médicale et philosophique de ie ra See dans toutes les €poques principales de sa vie. Paris, 1845, 3 vol. in-8. . ° - 5 50 —— De l’age critique chez les femmes, des maladies qui peuvent survenir a cette 6 épo- que de la vie, et des moyens de les combattre et de les prevenir. Paris, 1840, in-8. - 150 Memoires de VAcademie Nationa‘e de Wedecine. T. I, Paris, 1828—T. IL, Paris, 1#32.—T III, Paris, 1833.—T. LV, 1835 —T. V, 1836 —T.. VI, 1887 —T. VIL, 1838. —T VIII, 1-40.—T. TX, 1241.—T. X, 1843 —T. XL 1815.—T. XII, 1246,—T. XIII, 1848, —T XIV. 1849.—T. XY, 1850.—T XVI, 1852. 16 forts vol. in- -4, avee planches. Prix de la collection complete aes 16 volumes pris ensemble, au lieu de 320 fr, reduita . - 40 00 Le prix de chaque volume pris séparément est de : . a - 500 Memeoires de la Societe de Spm Le de Parkes publiés dans le adr in-4, Prix de chaque volume . ° - 500 Memoires de la Socicte Medicale Pe ation. 1837-43. 2 Ae. in-8. . 175 Memoires et Prix de Académie Royale de Chirurgie. Paris, 1747-1797, 10 vol in-4, fig. 20 00 Merat et Delems. Dictionnaire universel de matiére médicale et de thérapeutique gé- nérale, contenant Vindication, la description et l'emploi de tous les médicaments connus x dans les diverses parties du globe. Paris, 1830-1846. Ouvrage ie 7 forts vol. in-8. . 9 00 Supplément, ou tome VII, Paris, 1846, in-8 de 800 pages. 2 00 Mericour (J.C.) Traité des maladies du sein, Saamaeeeaent les affections simples et oie céreuses. 8vo. Paris, 1845. é ‘ 1 2 Michaux. Mémoire sur les causes de la fieyre j pean 12mo. Paris, 1852, " 0 25 Michea (Ce a Traité dagrecanarid ree et critique del’ rent > 1845, . 1 50 | Ag (E.) De inflammistione ossium. 4to., plates. Berlin, 1836, FS 8 00 Miller (James). The pier of the kidney in Scarlatina, Illustrated by cases. 8vo, cloth . “ . . : ° - 250 14 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Miller (James). The Practice of Surgery. 12mo, cloth. - F . 262 Mohrenheim (5. meee Abhandlung iiber die athe ee Folio, Leas hf ef. Leipsic, 1803, Mioney (W.) A ienapeenceaen of marbid natin ‘Baysl = piste 1843, - £00 Montfalcon et Polimiére. Traité de la Salubrité dans les Seatulee villes. gis: 1846, in-8. : : 2 00 Moreau, professor. TTeories Obstetrice ; a Sarias of 60 Plates and Text, Illustrative of the Art and Science of Midwifery in all its Branches. By Moreau, Professor of Midwifery to the Faculty of Medicine. Paris. Plain plates. (Colored $30, 00.) 3 ‘ - 15 00 Worel. Etudes cliniques sur les maladies mentales. 8vo., Paris, 1852. Liv. 1to4,each . 1 00 Hinen (Alex.) Commentarium de Urethre perpen Siendioe Structura. Folio, hf. cl. Mediolani, 1817. ersten (J. B.) The Seats aa Causes of Diseaies investigated by Anatomy. 3 vols. to., cf. London, 1769. aes (J.) Manvel de Physiolozie, traduit de Vallemand sur la quatrigme 6dition 1844, avec des annotations, par le docteur A. J. L. Jourdan, 2e. édition revue et annotée par E. Littré, Paris, 1852, 2 vol. grand in-8, de chacun S00 pages, avec 320 figures intercalées dans le'texte et 4 ’planches g gravées. (Or ‘in be, cf $6, 00.) 5 00 [Cet ouvrage doit son immense succés, moins a la haute position scientifique de auteur qu’a ce que M. Muller, tout en se renfermant dans un cadre assez resserré, a su y faire en- trer, non-seulement les vérités de tous les temps et de tous les pays, la plupart vérifiées et confirmées par ses propres recherches et ses propres expériences, mais encore une foule de faits nouveaux, tels qu’on devait en attendre d’un des hommes qui ont le plus contribué, de nos jours, aux progres positifs de l’anatomie, de la physiologie et de la zoologie comparées. Il nous suffira de citer icises recherches sur la structure des glandes, la composition du sang et la formation de la couenne inflammatoire, ses exp€riences sur la vision, sur la voix et sur Vaudition, ses nombreuses recherches sur la structure et les fonctions des diverses parties da systéme nerveux, &c.—Cette nouvelle édition de M. Littré le place au premier rang des ouvrages de Physiologie. | Physiologie du systéme nerveux, ou Recherches et expériences sur les diverses classes (appareils nerveux, les mouyements, la voix, la parole, les sens et les facultés in- tellectuelles, traduit de Vallemand, par A. J. L. Jourdan. Paris, 1840, 2 vol. in-8. - 400 Murphy (E. W.) Lectures on natural and difficult parturition. 8vo. London, 1845. . 2 25 Newgeie (EF. Cia.) Des principaux vices de conformation du Bassin, et spécialement da ré- trécissement oils, traduit de l’allemand, avec des notes, par A. C. Danyan, professeur et chirurgien adjoint de Eposplee de la Maternité. Paris, 1840. 1 vol. grand in-8, avec 16 planches. : 290 . Nelaton. Eléments de Pathologie chirurgicale Paris, iste, tomesI et II, sai-Be L’ou- yrage aura 3 on 4 vol. in-8. (Ori in hf. ef. "$5,00.) Neligan (J. Wi.) Medicines, their uses and mode of adehisleteatton’ including a cones conspectus of the three British Pharmacopeeias, an account of all the new remedies, and an appendix of formule. 8yo., clo. : : . - 450 ‘Nevins (Myr. J.) A translation of the new conaan pane Mitta including the new Dublin and Edinburgh Pharmacopeeias, forming a complete Materia Medica. “8yo. clo. . 500 r Niepee. Traité du goitre et de Crétinisme, suivi de statistique, &c, Paris, 1851. Syo. . 150 Wysten. Dictionnaire des termes de médecine, de chirurgie, de pharmacie, des sciences ac- cessoires et de l'art vétérinaire, de P. H. Ny: sten; reyu successivement et considérable- ment augmenté en 1824, 1233, 1339 et 1841, par MM. Bricheteau, O. Henry et J. Briand — Neuviéme édition revue de nouveau par le docteur A. J. L. J ourdan, membre de |’ Acadé- ‘ mie de Médecine. Bans 1845, in-8 de 860 =e a2 ees avec 107 figures intercalées dans le texte. ~~ ou Nubn (A.) Citentaitreien all a aus dem Gebiete der ese sss er logie, &c. Part 1, with T plates. Orfila. Traité de médecine légale, quatriéme aes augmentée et suivie du Traité dis exhumations juridiques. Paris, 1248. 4 vol. in-8, fi . Toxicologie générale, Cinquiéme édition, revue, corrigée et considérablemmant aug- mentée. 2 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1852. : 3 5 ; ; 5 00 Oribase (BD’) Hnyres. Texte grec et francais en grande partie inédit, avec une introduc- tion, des notes, des tables, et des ne par les docteurs a aa et agri Vol. 1, Paris, 1851. ; = 8 00 Owen ( pears). pisces or, a Treatise on the comparativo Anatomy of the Teeth, their physiological Relations, Mode of Dev elopment, and Microscopical Structure in the Vertebrate Animals, 2 ees royal 8vo. containing 168 plates, half-bound russia. London, 1840-45. . : : é - 36 00 —— On the Nature of Limbs. "Plates, 8yo, clos. - 8 60 —— Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy and Physiolog y of the Vertebrate Animals, Numerous wood-cuts, *2 vols. 8vo. (Vol. 1 veryscarce.) . - 850 —— On the Architype and Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton. 8yo. Plates. » 300 ———_—— On Parthenogenesis, or pe successive age of procreating ar from a single ovum. 8Syo., Plates. ¢ Epzchappe (Max). Des iio a snivre dans tn arsiaitiis etla costes des asiles @alién Avec planches, (To be completed in 5 parts.) Per part. . . - 0% STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 15 $c. Parchappe (Max). Traité théorique et prolate de la folie. Observations et documents nécroscopiques. Paris, 1841, in-8. - . Pare (Ambroise). (Euvres complétes, revues et ecollationnées sur totes les éditions, avee les variantes; ornées de 217 planches et du portrait de l’auteur, accompagnées de notes historiques e% critiques, et préeédées d’une Introduction sur Vorigine et les progrés de la chirurgie en Occident du Vie. au XVie. siécle, et sur la vie et les ouyrages d’Am- broise Paré, par J. F. Malgaigne, chirurgien de l’hépital St-Louis, &c. Paris, 1840, 3 vol. gr. in-8 a deux colonnes, avec un grand nombre de figures intercalées dans le texte. [A. Paré est avec raison considéré comme le pére de la chirurgie francaise. On a repro- duit dans le texte toutes les planches qu’il était important de conserver; cette belle édi- tion doit trouver place dans la bibliothéque de tous les chirurgiens.] Parent-Duchatelet. Dela Prostitution dans la ville de Paris, considérée sous les rap- ports de V’hygiéne publique, de la morale et de administration, ouvrage appuyé de docu- ments statistiques puisés dans les archives de la Préfecture de police, avec caries et ta- bleaux. Deuxiéme édition, reyue et corrigée, ornée du portrait gravé de Pauteur. Paris, 1837. 2forts yol.in-& . = ‘ F - £00 ———— Hygiene publique, ou Mémoires sur les Eee les plus aes ah de V’hy- giéne, appliquée aux professions et aux travaux d’utilité pybilaye. Paris, 1836, 2 forts vol. in-8, avec 18 pl. 2 - 400 Pariset (E.) Histoire des pues de V' Académie nasal a Médonusi ou Recueil des éloges lus dans les séances publiques de Académie de Médecine. Paris, 1845. 2 vol. grand ID=1Be) «ie 175 Cet ouyrage comprend : :—Discours d’ouverture de l’Académie de médecine. —Eloges de Corvisart.— Cadet-de-Gassicourt.— Berthollet.— Pinel Beauchéne.— Bonurru —Perey. — Vauquelin.—G. Cuvier.—Portal.—Chaussier.—Dupuytren.—Scarpa.—Desgenettes.—_Laén- nec.—Tessier.— Huzard.—Mare —Lodibert.—Bourdois de la Motte. —Esquirol.—Lerminier. —A. Dubois.—Alibert.—Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.—A. Paré. —Broussais —Bichat. Parola (B.) Della Tubercolosi in genere e della Tisi Polmonare in specie, 3 paris, 4to, Torino, 1849. - 500 Patin. Lettres its Gui Pate: veal Edition, snemenitée ab lettres inédites, "préebdée d'une notice biographique, accompag gnée de remarques scientifiques, historiques, philoso- phiques et littéraires, par Réveillé- ~Parise, membre de l’Académie nationale de médecine. 8 vol. Svo., avec le portrait et le fac-simile de Gui Patin. Paris, 1846. . r Pereira (J.) The Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. Third edition enlarged. - Vol. I, and vol. I, part 1, cloth. London, 1850-51. . - . 10 06 Perréve (V.) Traité des rétrécissements organiques de Vurétre. Emploi méthodiqe des dilatateurs mécaniques dans le traitement de ces maladies. [Ouyrage placé au premier rang pour le prix d’Argentenil sur le rapport d’une commission de l’Académie nationale de médecine.] Paris, 1847, in-8, avec 3 pl. et 32 fig. intercalées dans le texte. - - 2 Petrequin (J. EE.) Traité d’anatomie médico-chirurgicale et topographique, considérée spécialement dans les applications a la patholvels, la médecine legale, Vobstétricie et la mé- decine opératoire. Paris, 1843, in-8. 2 00 ee xune) ef the King and Queen Ss Gdllege of "Physilans in Ireland, 1850, 8vo., clot : Phillips (C.) de Liége. ‘Da Sirahiene = Pit - x a0) 50 Phillips (R.) Translation of the Pharmacopeia of the Ror College of Phydelans of London. 8yo. London,18l. . 2 8 75 Phillips. Scrofula: its Nature, its Prevalence, its sip a the Principles ‘of Treat- ment. By Benjamin Phillips, FR. §., Surgeon and Lecturer on Baraery to the Westmin- ster Hospital. 8vo., with an engraved plate. London, 1846. . 300 3 50 Philip (A.P. WV.) Treatise on protracted indigestion and its canseanianees. Byo, clo. . Pichard (3.B.) Maladies des femmes. Des ulcérations et des ulcéres du col de la ma- trice, et de leur traitement. Paris, 1848, in-8, avec 8 planches. : - 200 Pimel (8.) Traité de pathologie cérébrale on des maladies du cerveau. Nouvelles recher- ches sur sa structure, ses fonctions, ses altérations et sur leur traitement Niniietaienins mo- ral et hygiénique. Paris, 1844, in- 8) 1 75 Piorry. Traité de médecine pratique, et de inhalants iatrique et aihitonie BS a 7. aS té de médecine de Paris. Paris, 1841-1848, 8 vol. in-8, T. L—Généralités ou polygraphies. Paris, 1841, in-8. 2 00 T. IL. —Monogtaphies: 1° Maladies du coeur et des gros vaisseaux (Cardiopathies, Angio- mopathies). Paris, 1842, in-8. - 200 T. Il1L.—2°? Altérations du sang (Anomohémies ou Anomémies). 1847, in-8 ‘ - 200 T. IV.—3° Maladies des conduits de air (Angiairopathies). Paris, 1843, in- 8 » 200 T. V.4° Maladies du tube digestif, des glandes salivaires, du foie (Angibromies, Sialadé- nies, Hépathies). Paris, 1844, in-8. : T. VI.—5° Maladies de la rate, fiévyres intermittentes, - maladies des yoies urinaires, des or- ganes génitanx (Splénopathies, Angiuropathies, Angiospermopathies). 1845, in-& .°2 00 T. VII.—6° Maladies de l’ovaire de la matrice, du péritoine, du tesa cellulaire, de la pean Angiovies, péritonies, Ethmoies, dermopathiés), 1848, in-8. T, VIII.—7° Maladies des centres hessiishnttes des TanEales, des 0 os et des articulations, 1849, in-& a 2 00 Dela percussion médiate, et des signes obtenns par ce nouyean_ moyen Wexplora- tion dans les maladies des org&nes thoraciques et abdominaux. Paris, 1828, in-S, fig. Te oP Pirogofé. Anatomie pesholpaiage du camila be Folio. mers pete. St-Pe- tersbourg, 1849. . Pirrie. Principles and Practice of Surgery: 8yo., dio! London; 1852. . ‘ . 600 16 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 1 Se $ ec. Ploucquet (Br.) Literetura Medica Digesta sive Repertorium Medicine Practicw, Chi- rurgiz et Supplementum. 5 vols.,4to. Tubingz, 1809. s , : - 10 06 Plaies d@’armes & fem (des). Communications faites 4 Académie nationale de mé- decine, par MM. Bandens, Roux, Malgaigne, Amussat, Blandin, Velpeau, Piorry, Jobert, Bégin, Rochoux, Devergie. Paris, 1849, in-8. ; 1 0 ra Observations sur la nature et le traitement des maladies du foie. Svo. Pa- aoe Tis : : : ———— Observations sur la nature et le traitement de Ja phthisie pulmonaire. Paris, 1809. 2 vol. in-8, br. : : 5 2 = , > = —— Cours d’anatomie médicale, avec des remarques physiologiques et pathologiques, Paris, 1804. 5 vol. in-&, br. ‘ : , oy. es ‘ . 500 Pouchet, Théorie positive de l’Ovulation spontanée et de la Fécondation dans l’espéce humaine et des mammiféres: basée sur l’observation de toute la série animale. Ouvyrage qui a obtenu le grand prix de physiologie a l'Institut de France. Paris, 1847. 1 vol. in-8 8 00 de 500 pages avec atlas in-4 de 20 planches gravées et coloriées. - - 900 Pouget. Des bainsde mer. 8vo. Paris, 1851. 5 . . . 150 Pravaz (C.) Essai sur |’emploi médical de air comprimé. Syo. Lyon, 1850. - 12 Pravaz. Traité théorique et pratique des luxations congénitales du fémur, suivi d’un ap- pendice sur la prophylaxie des luxations spontanées. Lyon, 1847, gr. in-4,aveci0pl . 3 00 Prout. On Stomach Diseases. 8yo. London. - 5 - 500 Raciborski. Précis pratique et raisonné de diagnostic, contenant l’inspection, la mensu- ration, 14 palpation, la dépression, la percussion, l’auscultation, interrogation des maladies, &e. Paris, ic37,in-18 ; " : : ; . ek a Raimann. Handbuch der speciellen medicinischen Pathologie und Therapie. 2 yols. 8vo. Reutlingen, 1832. 2 f ‘ 5 3 : - 5 00 Rapport 4 ]’Académie royale de Médecine, sur la Peste et les Quarantaines, fait au nom @une commission, par le docteur R. Prus, accompagné de piéces et document:, et suivi de la discussion dans le sein de ]’Académie. Paris, 1846. 1 vol. in-8 de 1050 pages. - 250 Baspail. Manuel de lasanté. 12mo. Paris. = : G - 050 Rayer (P.) Traité des maladies des reins et des altérations de la s€crétion urinaire, étu- diées en elles-mémes et dans leurs rapports avec les maladies des uretéres, de la yessie, de Ta prostate, de Purétre, &c. Paris, 1839-1841. 8 forts vol. in-&. ‘ - 600 _ Le bel atlas pour cet ouvrage est consacré 4]’Anatomie pathologique des reins, de la ves- sie, de la prostate, des uretéres, de l’urétre, forme 1 vol. grand in-fol., avec 60 planches des- sinées d’aprés nature, gravées et magnifiquement col., ayec un texte descriptif. Prix: . 42 00 DIVISION DE L’ATLAS DE CE BEL OUVRAGE. 1°. Néphrite simple, Néphrite rhumatismale, Néphrite par poison morbide. PI. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.—2°, Néphrite albumineuse (maladies de Bright). PI. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.—8°, Pyélite (in- flammation du bassinet et des calices). Pl. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.—4°. Pyélo-Néphrite, Peri- Néphrite, Fistules rénales. Pl. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.—5°. Hydronéphrose, Kystes urinaires. Pl. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25.—6°. Kystes séreux, Kystes acéphalocystiques, Vers. Pl. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.—7°. Anémie, Hyperémie, Atrophie, Hypertrophie des reins et de la vessie. Pl. 31, 82, 38, 84, 35.—8°. Hypertrophie, vices de conformation des reins et des uretéres, P1.'36, 87, 38, 39, 40.—9° Tubercules, Mélanoses des reins. Pl. 41, 42, 48, 44, 45.—10° Cancer des reins, maladies des veines rénales. Pl. 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.—11°. Maladies des tissus €lémen- taires des reins et de leurs conduits excréteurs, Pl. 51, 52, 53 ,54, 55.—12°. Maladies des capsules surrénales. PI. 56, 57, 58, 59, 60. ———— A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Skin. Translated by R. Willis, M.D. 2nd Edition, thick vol. 8vo. of 1300 pages, with Atlas, royal 4to. of 26 Pl. finely engraved, and colored with the greatest care, exhibiting 400 varieties of Cutaneous Affections. London, 1835. ; 4 3 c + 20 00 — The ext separately, 8vo., in boards. . . 4 : : - 700 — The Atlas 4to, separately, in boards. . . 2 5 : 16 00 Traité théorique et pratique des maladies de la Pean, Deuxiéme édition, entiére- ment refondue. Paris, 1835, 3 forts vol. in-8, aecompagnés d’un bel atlas de 26 planches gr. in-4, gravées et coloriées ayec le plus grand soin, représentant en 400 figures les différentes maladies de la peau et leurs variétés. Prix du texte seul, 8 vol. in-8. . s . 550 — Prix de l’atlas seul, avec explication raisonnée, gr. in-4 cart. 5 = - 17 00 — Prix de l’ouvrage complet, 3 vol. in-8 et atlas in-4 cart. . i 2 - 20 00 Renauldin. Etudes historiques et critiques sur les médecins numismatistes. 8vo. Paris, 1851. . . 3 4 5 5 : J - 200 Reno. L’Eau; méthode spéciale de son emploi curatif. 8vo. . A - 050 Renouard (P.V.) Histoire de la Médecine depuis son origine jusqu’au XIXe. siecle. Ves Paris, 1846, 2 vol. in-8. ; 4 ‘ 4 é é é [L’auteur, en composant cet ouyrage, a youlu démontrer qu’entre tant d’opinions diver- ses ou contraires qui ont dominé depuis l’origine de la Médecine, il existe en Médecine uelque chose d’utite et de certain, quelque principe dont l’éyidence frappe comme cello ’un axiéme de mathématique, eign régle pratique dont l’utilité est incontestable. Ila pensé qu’un médecin qui est animé du sentiment de ses deyoirs, et pour qui la pratique n’est pas de la routine, ne pouvait rester indifférent a ces quest#ons.] Renzi. Storia della medicina in Italia. 5 vols., 8vo. Naples, 1846. $ . - 10 00 Requin. Dela Spécificité dans les maladies, These. Paris, 1851. - ° - 050 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 17 $c. Rey (A.) Traité de maréchalerie vétérinaire, comprenant ]’étude de la ferrure du cheval et des autres animaux lta sous le — des défauts pi &e. In-§ Lyon, 1852. - 225 Richard (de Nancy). Traité pratique des maladies des enfants, eonstdéréed dans Teurs rap- ports avec lorganogénie et les developpements du jeune age. Paris, 1839, in-&. - 200 Richard. Eléments d'Histoire Naturelle Médicale. 3 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1849. 5 00 Richter (Br. A.W.) 49 Tafeln der Briiche, u.s. w. der Knochen. Oblong 4to., hf. ef. and atlas. Berlin, 1828. ; A ‘ 5 00 Ricord et Humter. Traité de la maladie eevee, on. Edition. Syos avec 9 planches. Paris, 1852. 2 25 Ricord. Traité Draiigne des ees vénériennes. Sane: gelition, ayo), avec 9 planches. Paris, 1852. ‘ 4 * 2.96 = Onnique ieonographique de ib hopital des yan Recueil d’observations sur les maladies qui ont été traitées dans cet hopital. Paris, 1842-1849. Cet qurmade est recommales en 22 liv. pe 2 pl. in-4, fig. col. avec texte descriptif. 00 Rigot. Anatomie des régions du cheval, Paris, 1828, in-fol. avec 6 pl. . 150 Ritgen (F. A.) Beitriige zur Aufheilung der verkindeng der menschlichen Hench, &e Folio, plates. Leipsic, 1835. - - 150 Robert (A4.) Des vices congénitaux de Paniemniien des articulate Thése nee aul concours pour une chaire de Pi chirurgicale vacaute a la faculté de médecine de Paris. 1851. 8vo. 100 Bobert. Des affections cancéreuses et des apatatioas qu’elles néoossitent Théso présen- tée a la faculté de médecine de Paris, 1841. 8yo. 0 75 BRobin ((h.) Du microscope et des ection dans leurs applications i a Pannfoniie et ala pathologie. Svo. Paris, 1849. . 1 75 —— TABLEAUX D’ANATOMIE comprenant 1 panes de toutes les parting a 6tadier dans Vorganisme de Vhomme et dans celui des suas, pat le docteur Ch. Robin. Paris, 1851, in-4, 10 tableaux. i 1 00 —- Traité d’Anatomie Générale, sornials et patholostaue chez ieee et is princi- paux mammiferes (Histoire des éléments anatomiques des tissus et histologie). Paris, 1849. 2 vol. in-8, accompagnés d’un atlas de 40 planches gravées, Sous presse. : Des végétaux qui croissent sur ’homme et les animaux. it 1847, eran in- 8 avec 3 pl. grayées, . =e OF BRochke, *anson et Lenoir. Pawiaie pidriente de Pathologie wiiliod: ‘debrergialls ou Traité théorique et pratique de médecine et de chirurgie. Quatriéme — considé- rablement augmentée. Paris, 1844 5 forts vol. in-8. 9 00 Reederer (J.G.) Icones Uteri Humani Dieeeyetoatins Tiustres, Folio, plates, Got- tinge, 1759... . . 175 Rostan (L.) Recherches sur une faaladtre encore peu connue, "qui a rege le nom a6 ramol- lissement du gerveau. Paris, 1823, in-& Fee ay 6 Exposition des principes de or canisme préebdée de résentons sur Vineréaulité en matiére de médecine. Paris, 1846, in-8 1 00 Reusscau (E.) Anatomie comparée re pe dentate lice snp et lide les prin- cipaux animaux. 8yvo. Paris, 1827. - 500 Roux (P.) Mémoires et observations sur 1a réunion inméiiate de lu pla aprés amputa- tion. Paris, 1Si4, in-8, br. « 050 Rowland (Re), On the nature and ae of softening of the Brais Bra, Lon- don, 1851. - 150 Rudoiphi (K. A °) Grondrins fis Physiologie, 2 9 vols: in L 8yo. Berlin, 1821, . 100 Rus ell’9(Pr.) Treatise of the Plague; 1760, 61 and ’62, with other Remarks. 4to., cl. London, 1791. ; ‘ . 475 Sabatirr (R.B.) De la meaeeins Uneratoane: Honvalle édition, publiée sous les youk de Dupuytren ue L. J. Begin et Sanson Deuxiéme édition. Paris, 1832. 4 volumes in-&, br — £50 Sachaile (C.) Tes iiédectas de Pari is fazés par jenrs ceuyres, ou Statistique scientifique et morale des médecins de Paris, - Paris, 1845, in-8. . . — Lesser Writings collected and fnaead i R. E. Taeean M. D. 8yo. London. [The price of the American edition is $3.—H. B. has only a few of the London edition left, which he will sell at the above price.] Hartman (Fr.) Thérapeutique hémeopathique des maladies Aignés et des maladies Chronigues, traduite de allemand sur la troisiéme Edition, par A.J. L. Jourdan et Schles- inger. Paris, 1847-1849. 2 vol. in-8. . . . . Aeute and Chronie Diseases, and their Homeonathte ieriGhis Third German edition, revised and considerably enlarged by the author. Translated, with additions, and adapted to the use of the American profession, by OC. J. Hempel, M. D. 4yol. . e Wenmriques (A.) Tho Homeopathic Medical Dictionary, and Home Guide. 12mo. clo. ’ Hering (C.) Médecine homeopathique domeptiane, avee additions BN les Drs. Sonllons Gross, et Staff. 12mo. Paris, 1850. ~ ssysiey lanier coer richiecke Zeitschrift fir) 8yo. Pyles 1244 to 1848, Vol. Jahr. Nouveau manuel de Wereciine Pet tat divisé en deux partion’ 1° Matiére médicale ; 2° Répertoire thérapeutique et masisiahanranitbin. ast Quatriéme Setiion, aug: mentée. "Paris, 1845, 4 vol. in-12. . ‘ Nonvelle Pharmacopée et Posolbete ea pathinaes ou de la Prépatkiton des médicaments homeopathiques, et de l’administration des doses. Paris, 1841. In-12, . Du traitement homeeopathique du cholera, avec l’indication des moyens de s’en préseryer, pouyant servir de conseil aux familles en peneenice de médecin, Paris, 1848. in-12. : . . : — Du traitement iedtncisabtiats des minladial ita la ay 8vo. Paris, 1850, e —~-——— New Mannal: originally published under the name of Symptomen-Codex (Digest - of Symptoms). This work is intended to facilitate a comparison of the parallel symptoms of the various Homeopathic agents, thereby enabling the practitioner to diseover the characteristic symptoms of each drug, and to determine with ease and correctness what remedy is most homeopathic to the existing group of symptoms. Translated, with im- portant and extensive additions from various sources, by Charles Julius Hempel, M.D., assisted by James M. Quin, M.D., with revisions and clinical notes by John F. Gray, M.D. ; contributions by Drs. A. Gerald’ Hull, George W. Cook, and B, F. Joslin of New York; and Drs. C. Hering, J. Jeanes, C. Neidhard, W. Williamson, and J. Kitchen of Philadel- 2 50 1 00 0 75 1 50 17 2 00 5 75 6 60 1 00 6 00 1 50 7 00 4 00 4°00 5 75 1 38 1 25 5 00 4 50 1% 0 ST 2 00 phia; with a preface by C. Hering, M.D. 2 vols, 1848, Bound. F . » 11 00 22 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. | ’ Jahr. Manual of Homeopathic Medicine. In 2 parts. Part I—Marerta Meproa. Part Il -—THERAPEUTICAL and SympromMaToLocicaL Reposirory. Translated from the 4th edition, and edited, with Additions, by P. F. Curie, M.D. 2 vols. 8yo. London, 1847. . [The most complete work on the subject. —Same price as the American reprint.] Lafitte (P. J.) Symptomatologie homcopathique, on Tableau synoptique de toute la ma- tiére médicale pure, a l’aide duquel on trouve immédiatement tous sympt6mes, ou groupe de symptémes cherchés. Paris, 1844. lvol.in+t . . : . 5 Laurie (3.5 Mi...) An et of Bomiteanenie, pee Medicine. 12mo. 2d edi- tion. mdon, 1850. 5 : é Elements of feststandtnis Preaine of Physié. 8yo. "p47. - = . Homceopathic Domestic Medicine. 6th edition. Svo. London, 1851. . ° The Parent’s Guide, a Treatise on the Method of Rearing Children from their In- fancy ; comprising the essential branches of Moral and ps Education. 12mo. London, 1849. . : : Leadam (T. R.) Homies as applied to the eae of Rutiihies and the most im- portant Diseases of Early Childhood. 8vo. clo. . . . . “le at de l’Ecole de Rio de Janeiro et Pathogénésie brésilienne. 12mo. Pa- Le médecin du neaine ston les prndipes de ‘Trhiawinso gia siete! 12ino: Paris, 1851. Newman (George). Hom opathic Family Assistant. 2d edition,18mo. 1847. J Nivelet. L’homeopathie, ses raisons et ses erreurs. Paris, 1840, In-8 : Fy Perrussel. Lettres sur ’homeopathie, suivies de plusieurs guérisons ventana obte- nues a l’aide de ces procédés, Paris, 1838. Ins. . . . BRapou. De la Fiévre Typhoide et de son traitement neta Dh Svo. Paris, 1852. Rosenstein (3. G.) The Comparative Merits of Allopathy, the old Medical higae-n * and Homeopathy, the reformed Medical Practice. Svo. Montreal, 1846. i Roth. Histoire dela musculation irrésistible, ou de la chorée anormale. 8yo. Paris, 1880. Cure of Chronic Diseases by movements. 8vo London, 1852. : . Ruckert. Traitement homcopathique des maladies de la peau, considérées sous le rap- port de leur forme, des sensations qu’elles prodnisent et des parties qwelles affectent ; pre- cédé de notions générales et importantes sur la symptomatologie, le régime hom opathi- qué, 1a force et la répétition des doses, &c., suivi du traitement homeopathique des mala- dies yénériennes ; par le docteur Attomir, "traduit de allemand. Paris, 1838. In-18. . Russell. ° 4 : a ° Raspa2il (fF. WV.) Nouveau systéme de Chimie organique, fondé sur de nouvelles métho- des d’obseryations, précédé d’un Traité complet sur l’art d’obseryer et de manipuler en grand et en petit, dans le laboratoire-et sur le porte-objet du microscope. Deuxieme édi- tion, entiérement refondue, accompagnée d’un atlas in-4 de 20 planches de figures dessi- nées d’aprés nawure, gravées et colori¢es avec le plus grand soin, Paris, 1888. 3 vol. in-8, atlas in-4. : FP - . . . : ° ° -_— —— Nouveau systéme de Physiologie végétale et de Botanique, fondé sur les méthodes @observations développées dans le nouveau systéme de chimie organique, accompagné de 60 planches contenant prés de 1,000 figures d’analyse dessinées d’aprés nature et grayées avec le plus grand soin. Paris, 1837. 2 forts vol. in-8, et atlas de 60 planches. . . — Le méme duyrage, planches coloriées. 2 2 “ F ; Regmawit. Cours élémentaire de Physique. 4 vol. in-18 anglais, avec figures dans le texte. Sous presse. - ° ° ° . « . . —— An elementary Treatise on Crystallography, Dlustrated with 108 Wood Engrayings, printed on black ground. 8yo. London, 1848 5 - = ‘ . — Premiers Eléments de Chimie, Paris, 1850, 1 vol. grand in-8 avec figures dans e texte. 5 ° 5 fe - - . . — Cours élémentaire de Chimie, Paris, 1849. 2e édition, 4 vol. in-18 anglais, avec 2 pl. en taille-douce et fig. dans le texte. (In hf. ef, $7,00.) P P 5 . Reichenbach (Baren Charles). Physico-Physiological Researches on the Dyna- mies of Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystallisation, and Chemism, in their Kela- tions to Vital Force. The complete work, from the German second edition, with additions, a preface and critical notes, by John Ashburner, M.D. 8yo. With Woodcuts and one © plate. London, 1850. . 3 : : . Wepertoire de Pharmacie. 6 vol. in-8, 1846-1850. P 3 : P Richardson (C. 3.) Popular Treatise on the warming and ventilation of Buildings. 18 plates, 8vo., hf cf. London, 1837. . A > . zB A Rebertson (H.) A general view of the Natural History of the Atmosphere, &e. 2 vols. 8vo., ef. Edinburgh, 1808. ? ° - , . Bose (H.) Traité pratique d’analyse chimique, suivi de tables servant dans les analyses a caleuler la quantité d’une substance d’aprés celle quia été trouvée dans une autre subs- tance; traduit de l’allemand sur la quatriéme édition par A. J. L. Jourdan. Nouvelle édi- tion, avec des notes et additions, par M. Péligot, professeur de chimie au Conservatoire des arts et mé€tiers. Paris, 1843. 2 vol. in-8 fig. ° . . ° . Practical Treatise of Chemical Analysis, including Tables for Calculations in Ana- lysis. With notes and additions by A. Normandy. 8vo. clo. . . . Schoedler and Medlock. The Book of Nature; an elementary introduction to the Sciences of Physics, Astronomy, Chemistry, &c., &e. 8yo. London, 1851. 4 ‘ Shier (Jolam). . Directions for Testing Cauc-Juice. 12mo. clo. 4 : ° Smee (A.) Instinct and Reason; deduced from Electro-Biology. S8vyo. clo. . - Elements of Electro-Metallurgy. Illustrated with Woodcuts. S8vyo. clo. . Solly (E.) Rural Chemistry. 12mo.clo. . . : 5 ° . Soubeiran. Traité de Pharmacie théorique et pratique. 38e édition, Paris, 1847. 2 forts vol, in-8, avec 63 fig. imprimées dans le texte. ° ‘- . . . —— Précis élémentaire de Physique. 2e édit. augmentée. Paris, 1844. 1 vol. in-8, avec 13 planches in-4. . ° ° “ . . . A Tardieu (A.) Voiries et cimetiéres. In-& Paris, 1852. = ° . . Thomson (Thomas). Chemistry of Organic Bodies—Vegetables. 1 large vol. Syo. pp. 1092, boards. London, 1838 . . ° : . —— Heat and Electricity. 2nd edition; 1 vol. Syo. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Lon- don, 1339. ‘ Chemistry of Animal Bodies. 8vo. clo. . . ° . . History of Chemistry, 2 vols. 12mo. Scarce. ‘ ° . . Trousseau et Reveil. Traité de l’art de formuler, comprenant des notions de Phar- macie. 12mo, 1851. . . ‘ . . . . . Turner (E.) Elements of Chemistry, including the actual State and prevalent Doctrines of the Science. 8th edition. Edited by Baron Liebig and Dr. Gregory. 8vo. clo. . Wille. Traité de Photographie sur papier. 12mo., plates. ° . . . be Pt et Archambault. Dictionnaire des analyses chimiques, 2 vol. in-8. Pa- wie . . . . . . . . . Voigt. Handbuch der Praktishen Botanik. 2-vols. 8vo. Gena, 1850. . i . Woodward (C.) Familiar Introduction to the Study of Polarized Light, With pl. 8vo. $ Oo 3 00 450 7 50 7 50 12 50 0 75 125 5 00 2 00 7 50 2 00 2 00 4 00 450 8 50 0 874 5 00 150 1 62 4 00 1 25 1 00 6 00 4 00 4 00 1 % 9 00 1 2% 400° 6 00 1 5 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, 27 ad $s. Natural History, Zoology, Paleontology, Fossils, Ethno- logy, Geography, Voyages, &c. &c. (MORE COMPLETE CATALOGUES OF WORKS IN THESE DEPARTMENTS, PRINTED IN PARIS AND LONDON, MAY BE HAD GRATIS ON APPLICATION.) Agassiz. Nomenclator zoologicus, continens nomina systematica generam animalium tam ~ viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis ad quas pertinent in hie hig Ae, 1842-1847. Grand in-4, itt en 12 livraisons. L’ouyrage est complet. : ey . . ° Recherches sur tes Pewache fossiles, comprenant la description de 500 espéces qui n’existent plus, l’exposition des lois de la succession et du développement organique des Poissons durant toutes les métamorphoses du globe terrestre, une nouvelle classification de ces animaux, exprimant leurs rapports avec la série des formations; enfin, des considéra- tions géologiqnes générales tirées de l’étude de ces fossiles. Neufchatel, 1833-1843, 5 vol. in-4, et atlas de 400 Siaeit in-folio. Bahl at 648 francs, wopnpnd), A fine copys half pound in russia. 120 00 Ansted and Nicolay. Atlas of Physical and Historical ake dese Folio, 6 maps. . 150 Ansted, Nicolay. &c. Manual of Geographical Science, Mathematical, Physical, 18 00 Chartography, Terminology. 8yvo. London, 1852. . : : a - 800 Arage. Nouveau discours sur les révolutions du globe. 18mo. Paris, 1836. , - 075 Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, publiés par les Profescours-Administratours de cet établissement. Vols. I.toIV. 4to. Planches. Paris, 1839-45, . - 40 00 Artis (E.’F.) Antediluvian Phytology, illustrated by a Collection of the Fossil. Remains of plants, &c. &e. 4to., plates. London, 1838. e : - 600 Beil (The.) History of British Reptiles. 50 wood engravings. 8vo. ee 3 . 850 —— History of British Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea, 8vo. clo. : - 8 00 Blaimville. Ostéographie, ou description iconographique comparée du squelette et du systéme dentaire des cing classes d’animaux vertébrés récents et fossiles, pour servir de base a la zoolugie et la geologic. Paris, 1839-1849. Ouvrage publié par livraisons d’un cahier de texte in-4, et d’un cahier de grant in-folio. Prix des liyraisons 1 a 22, conte- nant 265 planches. , . 180 00 —— De l’organisation des ean ou Peta aed qeomunae cone 1823. Tome premier, in-8. “(All published.) Scarce. . 2 50 Blanchard (E.) L’organisation du Régne Animal 4to., liv. land 2, With beautiful pL Per liv. (Now in course of publication. Ne : 5 . vd, 50 Boucher. Recherches sur la Structure des Organes ac ’Homme et ad eRe les plus connus. Syo, avec 104 fig. Paris, 1848. ° Fe te dos - 200 Bowe (A.) La Turquie d'Europe. Considérations sur la Aéalgale, la GGosrapho, l’His- * toire Naturelle, &c., &c., avec une carte. 4 vol. in-8. - 800 Bran@ger (J.) Hampshire Fossils in the British Museum. Plates, London, 1999, - 1350 Brandt. De Rhinocerotis antiquitatis seu Tichorini seu Pallash structura externa et os- teologica observationes e reliquiis quie in museis Reg ootien servantur erute. 4to, 25 pl., plain and colored. St. Petersburg, 1849. ; ° - 500 Broderip. Leaves from the Note-Book ofa Naturalist. 8yo. eat TRDS: ~ - 800 Brongwiart (Ad.) Histoire des -végétaux fossiles, ou recherches Potsalanes et géologi- ques sur les yégétaux renfermés dans les diyerses couches du globe. Paris, 1828-1839; ou- vrage publié en 2 vol. grand in-4 et 300 planches, paraissant Md livraisons de 6 a 8 feuilles de texte et de 15 pl. Prix de chaque livraison. 3 - 800 (Les livraisons 1 412 formant le premier volume et les trots premiares (18e ‘a 15e) du , tome deuxiéme sont en vente.) —— Enumération des genres doe Plantes cultivées au Muséum (histoire naturelle de Paris, suivant Vordre établi dans ’école botanique. Deuxiéme aan revue et augmen- tée avec une table générale alphabétique. Paris, 1850. In-12. . - 075 Tableau des genres de Végétaux Fossiles. In-8. Paris, 1849. . . - 100 Bronn (H.G.) Lethe geognostica. Stuttgart, 1835-38, 2 vol. in-8 et atlas in-4, . 15 00 — Index paleontologicns oder Uebersicht der bis jetzt bekannten fossilen Organismen. A. Nomenclator papa ae in oe Ordnung. Stuttgart, 1848-1850, 38 vol, in-S... : as - 10 00 Brown (Cap.) The Taxidermist’s Manns or the Art of polloating: pe spat! and pre- serving objects of Natural History. With Illustrations, 12mo, clo. A - 100 renee Histoire Générale des Trois Régnes dela Nature. 2 vol. fol plates, cf gt, ex. aris, : : . . ' : 20 00 28 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. ——— arcana Ene nn REE 2 $ @. BWuifon. Cnvres completes, avec des extraits de Daubenton’et la classification de Cuvier. 6 vols. large Svc. with colored plates. Paris, 1841. . “ : ° - 15 00 Catalogue méthodique de la Collection des Reptiles dans le Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 2 parts 8vo. Paris, 1851. : ° 4 3 : Mhevalier (Ulh.) Des microscopes et de leur usage. Paris, 1889. In-8 avec 6 pl. - 295 —— Manuel des myopes et des presbytes, contenant des recherches historiques sur l’o- rigine des lunettes ou besicles; les moyens de conserver et d’améliorer la yue. Paris, 1841. In-’) fig. - 2 ‘ F : : 2 - 250 Cuvier. Histoire des progrés des sciences naturelles, depuis 1789 jusqu’a nos jours. Paris, 1829. Svyol.in-& (Hf. cf $8,00.) ° 4 A 5 > . 550 — —— Cétacés (Baleines, Dauphins, &c ), ou Recueil et Examen des faits dont se compose Vhistoire de ces animaux, publié dans Jes “Suites 4 Buffon.” 1 yol. in-8, avec 22 pl, figures noires. . : - A “ . 800 * ~ evloriées, e 3 : , 3 - p . £50 —-— Rapport historique sur les progrés des sciences physiques ct naturelles, depuis 1789, et sur leur état actuel, présexté au gouvernement par l'Institut de France; nouvelle édit. Paris, 1827. In-8. - 5 “ . iL 624 Histoire des sciences naturelles, depuis leur origine jusqu’a nos jours, chez tous les peuples connus, comprenant la philosophie de l’histoire naturelle et un examen approfondi de la philosophie de la nature en Allemagne et en France, professée an Collége de France, par George Cuvier, rédigée et complétée par T. Magdeleine de Saint-Agy. Paris, 1841- 1848. 5 vol. in-8. 3 S . . : S 4 - 500 — Discours sur les réyolutions de la surface du giobe, et sur les changements qu’elles ont produits dans le régne animal, 4to., bound. Paris, 1826. A i - 200 Le régne animal distribué d’aprés son organisation, pour servir de base a histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction a l’anatomie comparée. Nouvelle édition, accom- pagnee de planches gravées représentant les types de tous les genres, les caractéres dis- tinctifs des divers groupes, et les modifications de structure sur lesquels repose cette classi- fication, publiée par une réunion d’éléves de G. Cuvier: MM. Audouin, Blanchard, Des- hayes, d’Orbigny, Duvernoy, Dugés, Laurillard, Milne Edsvards, Roulin et Valenciennes. Cette nouvelle édition est complétement publiée; elle est composée de 262 liyraisons, chacune de 3 44 pl. et d’une feuille de texte in-3, sur grand-jésus velin, Ensemble 11 vol. avec 1} atlas contenant 993 pl. On yend séparément les diverses parties dont louvrage se compose, et qui est ainsi divisé: Mammiféres, 121 pl. en 31 liv.; Oiseaux, 102 pl. en 27 liv.; Reptiles, 46 pl. en 13 liv.; Poissons, 122 pl. en 82 liv. ; Mollusques, 152 pl. en 39 liv ; Crustacés, 87 pl. en 23 liy.; In- sectes, 202 pl. en 55 liv.; Arachnides, 31 pl en 9 liy.; Annélides, 30 pl. en 8 liv.; Zoo- phytes, 100 pl. en 25 liy. L’ouvrage complet: Figures noires. - . eg A 5 135 00. <7 < Figures coloriées. . 5 : . - 295 00 Prix de chaque liyraison: Figures noires. 5 2 : : . 0 623 si 2 Figures coloriées. é 5 : . - 12 Cuvier (le BaronG.) et Valenciennes. Histoire naturelle des Poissons, ou- . rage contenant plus de cing mille espéces de ces animaux, décrites d’aprés nature, et dis- tribuées conformément a leurs rapports d’organisation, avec des observations sur leur ana- tomie, et des recherches critiques sur leur nomenclature ancienne et moderne. Paris, 1r29-i8.9, Ouvrage complet publié en 22 vol. avec 35 livraisons, contenant 650 pl. gray: Prix d'un volume et d’un cahier de 15 a 20 pl., in-8, fig. noires. (L’onvrage complet ) — Le méme, texte et pl. in-8, fig. col. (L’ouvrage complet, $162.) . 3 . — Le méme, texte et pl. in-4, fig. noires. (L’ouvrage complet, $118.) 3 . Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Organic Remains of Mammalia and Aves in the Museum of the College of Surgeons of England. 4to., scarce. London, 1845. 10 00 Desmarest. Mammalogie ou description des espéces de Mammiféres. In-4. Paris, 1820. Half bound. ° 3 5 ‘ ° Dictionmaire classique d’Histoire Naturelle, par MM. Audouin, Bourdon, Brongniart, Edwards, de Férussac, Drapiez, Flourens, de Jussieu, Lucas, Richard, Bory de Saint-Vin- cent, &c. Ouyrage complet. 10 vols. 8vo. and atlas of 160 pl.col. . . 35 00 Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelies, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différents étres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mémes, d’apreés |’état actuel de nos connaissances, soit relativement a l’utilité qu’en peuvent retirer la médecine, l’agriculture, le commerce et les arts; par les professeurs du Muséum Whistoire naturelle de Paris, sous _ la direction de G. et Fr, Cuvier. s ‘ [On se rendra facilement compte du rabais considérable auquel est offert ce magnifique ouvrage, lorsqu’on saura que le Manuel de Malacologie et ie Manuel @ Actinologie et de Zoophytologie, par H. D. de Blainville; l Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, par G. Des- marest; le Zraité d’ Ornithologie, par Lesson; les Considérations sur les Insectes, par M. C. Duméril, texte et planches, ne sont que des tirages a part d’articles du Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, et que ces quelques volumes sont d’un prix plus élevé que celui auquel nous offrons ’ouvrage complet.] Le Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles se compose: 1° du texte, 61 vol. in-8; 2° de V’atlas composé de 12 yol., contenant 1,220 pl. gray. ; 8° @’un atlas de Zoologie supplémen- taire de 100 pl. in-8, grayées. ’ A copy handsomely half bound in calf. . F . . 112 00 ~ STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, 29 ———————— lw OO $$$ LT Dictionnaire universel d'Histoire Naturelle, par MM. Arago, Bazin, Becquerel, Bibron, Blanchard, Boitard, de Brébisson, Ad. Brongniart, C. Broussais, Bruilé, Chevrolat, Cor- dier, Decaisne, Delafosse, Deshayes, J. Desnoyers, Alcide et Charles VOrbigny, Doyére, Dujardin, Dumas, Duponchel, Duvyernoy, Edwards, Milne Edwards, Elie de Beaumont, Flourens, E. et Is. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Gérard, Gervais, Al. de Humboldt, de Jussieu, de Lafresnaye, Laurillard, Lemaire, Léveillé, Lueas, Martin St-Ange, Montagne, Pelletan, Pelousse, C. Prévost, de Quatrefages, A. Richard, Riviere, Roulin, ‘Spach, Valenciennes, &e., et dirigé par M. Charles d’ Orbigny. Gamplate in 13 vols. with 292 plates, plain. K 2 , = . 50 00 ¢ - < colored. = ° 3 . 90 00 Directions for collecting and preserving Animals. 4to., clo. Pasian 1835. . - 100 Dixon (J.) The Geology and fetile of the saibeisi and ecretaceous formations oY Sussex, 4to, London, 1850. : - 15 00 D’Orbigny (A.) Paléontologie thesia: uae Pec et pera de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnés fossiles de France, ouvrage publié par livraisons de 4 pL, avec texte, in-8. Ire partie, terrains crétacés, 159 liy. sont en yente. Prix dechacune. 0 31 — 2me partie, terrains jurassiques, 59 liy. sont en vente. . - 031 - Cours Elémentaire de Paléontologie et de Géologie Stratigraphiques. 2 ‘vol in-12, , ayec 500 figures dans le texte et 18 tableaux réunis en un atlas in-4, Paris, 1850. » 875 Prodrome de Paléontologie Stratigraphique Universelle, faisant suite an Cours Elémentaire de Paléontologie et de Géologie ee ae ee 3 in 18mo. Yol.I andII,each . 2 - “ - : - 200 Edwards ("ilme). Introduction a la Zoologie Générale ou Couatiiérattann sur la ten- dance de la Nature dans la constitution du Régne Animal. Ire partie. - 0 624 Cours €lémentaire de Zoologie. Paris, 1 fort yol. in-12, imprimé avec Sian, 425 fig. intercalées dans le texte. Ouvrage » adopté pour Venseignement de Vhistoire naturelle ae les établissements de l’université et dans les établissements religieux. . 3", oe [Ce volume fait partie du cours élémentaire Vhistoire naturelle, par MM. agar A, de Jussieu et Beudant, 8 vol.] Eléments de Zoologie. Oiseaux, Reptiles, Poissons, et Animaux sans yertébres. 2e édit., 4 vol. in-8 avec fig. “dans le texte. Very scarce. 5 2 a a Edwards (Yilne), De Quatrefages, Blamchard. Recherches anatomi- ques et zoologiques, faites pendant un voyage sur les cétes de la Sicile et sur divers points du littoral de France. Paris, 1850. 3 vol. in-4, avec 83 pl. en partie coloriées. . - 20 00 Ellis. Irish Ethnology. 12mo. London, 1852. A ° - 150 Encyclopedie d Histoire Naturelle, par le Dr. Ghent, Roy, 8yo. with woodcuts and pl. Coléopteéres. . : . . - 200 Quadrumanes. C : : = ‘ - = 7 a OD Eusébe de Salles. Histoire générale des races humaines. *2mo. 1849. . wert ee Exp! aon scientifique de l’Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842, divisée en cing parties ; 1° Sciences historiques et géographiques, 9 vol. gr. in-8, sonten vente. Prix de chacun. . 2 75 2° Zoologie, histoire des Mollusques, par M. Deshayes, publiée en 25 liy., chacune de 6 ub gravées et coloriées, Prix de chaque livraison. . : 3 75 8° Histoire des animaux articulés, par Lucas, publiée en 27 liv. Prix an cheers a: 4° Botanique, par Bory-Saint-Vincent et Durieu de Maisonneuve; 14 liv. sont en vente. Prix de chacune. : ‘ ‘ is . © ote 5° Physique générale, 2 vol. gr. sick fig. Prix de chaque. . . - 700 Forbes (&.) History of Seliash Bis Rashes, and other Se oh of Me class Behinoder- mata. 8vo., clo. - 450 Funk (4. FF.) De Salamandre terrestris Mes ey ctione, formation, Tractatns, Folio, - 150 Berlin, 1827. . ‘ Garner (#.) The Natural at History of the itis of Stafford. Syo. London, 1844, ea) Geinitz (f) Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde. $8 vols. 8vo., pl. Dresden, 1846. . 6 00 —— Charakteristik der Schichten und Petrefacten. 3 parts, 4to, pl. “Leipsic, 1839-40. 6 00 Die Versteinerungen von Kieslengswalda. 4to., pl. 1848. . s - 100 Die Versteinerung2” Js Bechsteingebirges, &c., in Sachsen. 4to., plates. 1848. . 1 50 Gervais (".) Zoologie et Paléontologie francaises (animaux vertébrés), ou nouvelles re- cherches sur les animaux et fossiles de la France. Paris, 1850. Cet ouvrage est publié par livraisons in-4 de 8 pages de texte et 4 Rene Dix liyraisons sont I teed prix de chaque dtl) OE Gilbert. Précis d'Histoire Naturelle. In-8. ‘i E e. f . 100 Goodsir (R. A.) An Arctic Voyage to Baffin’ 's Bey and a Sound, in anges of Friends with Sir John Franklin, 12mo. clo. é ae, Gosse. A Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica. &vo. Tete 1851. 4 F 450 Gower’s Physical Atlas. Roy. 8vo. London 1851. . 5 . 2 . 875 HMawkims (f.) Book of the Great Sea-Dragens. Plates, fol. London. 1840, . - 800 Bit) STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, ec. Hierschell (Sir John). Admiralty Manual of Scientific Enquiry. Syo. London, 1851. 8 00 noah (7 ) A Manual of Geography, Payal Industrial and Political. 12mo, Lon-, 5 ° " - 225 —— Atlas of Physical aig 12mo. Tankons . : . 045 Humboldt. Kosmos: a General Survey of the Physical Phenomena of the Universe, The original English edition, 2 vols. post 8yo. London, 1848. 5 ‘ is aD Jemyms (L.) Observations in Natural History. 8vo. London, 1846. F - 8 00 Johnstom (A. K.) The Physical Atlas, A series of Maps and Illustrations of the Geo- - graphical Distribution of Natural Phenomena, &c, Folio, bf. bound. Edinburgh, 1859, 35 0@ Jourdan (A.J...) Dictionnaire raisonné, étymologique, synonimique et polyglotte des termes usités dans les sciences naturelles, comprenant 1l’anatomie, Vhistoire naturelle, -la physiologie générale, l’astronomie, la botanique, la chimie, la géographie physique, la géologie, la minéralogie, la physique, la pclae. 2 vol. 8yo., aaa texte a deux colonnes, Paris, 1884. (Hf bound, $5,50.) . 5 . - 450 Jouve (J.B.) Bélemnites des Terrains Crétacés Inférieurs des environs de Castellane (Basses-Alpes). 4to., hf. clo., pl. Paris, 1841. : 3 . . 400 Klee (Fréd.) Le Délnuge. Considérations géologiques et historiques sur les derniers ca- taclysmes du globe. Paris, 1847. 1 vol. gr.in-18 . - : . - 100 Knox (Rob.) The Races of Men; a Fragment. 12mo.,clo. London, 1851. . » 800 Kioch (Dr. A. C.) Resultate Geologischer, Anatomischer und Zoologischer Unter- suchungen iiber das unter dem Namen Hydrarchos. Folio, Leipsic, 1847. : - 1650 Koninck (LL. de) Description des animaux fossiles qui se trouvent dans le terrain car- bonifére de Belgique. Liége, 1842-1844. 2 vol. in-4, dont un de 69 planches. . - 18 09 [Cet important ouvrage comprend: 1° les Polypiers; 2° les Radiaires; 3° les Anné- ~lides ; 4° les Mollusques + céphales et acéphalés; 5° les Crustacés ; 6° les Poissons ; divi- sés en & genres et 434 espéces. C’est un des ouyrages que l’on consultera ayee le plus d@avantage pour l’étude comparée de la géologie et de la conchyliologie.] ~~—_———— Description des coquilles fossiles de l’argile de Bacle, Boom, Schelle, eh Bru- xelles, 1837. In-4 de 37 pages et 4 pl. = A > 200 Recherches sur les animaux fossiles. 4to., nt Liége, 1847, 5 Z - 600 Murr (J.G.) Beitrige zur fossilen Flora der J uraformation Wiirttembergs. 4to, Stutt- gart, 1846. - : ‘ 3 aD) Lamarck (J.%.P.) Histoire smataxelie dea animaux sans vere! présentant les ca- j ractéres généraux et particuliers de ces animaus, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs fa- milles, leurs genres, et.la citation synonymique des principales espéces qui s’ y, rapportent. Deuxiéme Edition, revue et augmentée des faits nouveaux dont la science s’est enrichie jusqu’a ce jour, par M. G. P. Deehen es et H. Milne Edwards. 11 vol. Syo. ia 1835- 1845. Hf. bound in cf - 26 00 Latham (R.G.) The Natural History of the Varieties of re By0. London, 1850.. 6 00 Lawrence. Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, Foolony and the Natural History of Man. 8yo. London, 1848, C ° - 150 Lecocg et Bois@uval. Taxidérmie enseignée en dix legons. 12mo. -Paris, 1826. . 1 00 Lee (Mixs.) Taxidermy, or the Art of collecting > Preparing and esas hi objects of Natural History. 12mo. London, 1843. . - 212, Lemounier C. Programme de l’Histoire Matarelle, 4to., hf. cl., col. eh Paris. - 800 Lessom. Mceurs, instinct et singularités de la vie des animaux. 12mo, . 050 Budde (i.) Zeitschrift fiir Erdkunde, als vergleichende Wissenschaft, mit asthe ihrer Elemente aus der Naturwissenschaft, Geschichte, Statistik, &c. 10 parts Byo. 1842 to 48, 26 00 Matherbe (A-) Faune ornithologique de la Sicile. Metz, 1843. In-8. > o 2.95 Mandl et Ehrenberg. Traité pratique du microscope et de son emploi dans étude des corps organisés, par Je docteur L. Mandl, :uivi de recherches sur Porganisation des animaux infusoires, par C, G. a 3 professeur a luniversité de Berlin. mi 1839, In-8, avec J4 planches. 7 . 200 Mamtell (G.D.) The Medals of Creation, or First Taasis in Geology. 2 vols: 12mo. London, 1844. » 500 Martin. A General Ze ecdaidlcn ri the Natur al Misery of Mam caiterous Animals: with a particular View of the Physical History of Man, and the more closely allied Genera of the Order “ Quadrumana,” or Monkeys. Illustrated with 296 Anatomical, Osteological, | and other engravings on wood, and 12 tull-plato aie ae of Ana "drawn by W. Harvey. 1 vol. 8vo. London, 1241. . 400 Martin (W.) Figures *and pmbgitase of Petrifactions etic in ‘Derbyshire Ato. plates. London, 1793. . - 150 Masselim. Dictionnaire des Géographies Paris 1944. 2 Palas 8vo., he bound, - 400 a st ahi ig coir Perea Deseriptio Anatomica. Foy Sei eA oul Middendorff {ae T. v) Bestrige zu -olnor Maulacozoologta Rossiea ato, pl. Bt. Petersburg, 184 « 200 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. SL 3c. Milmer. The Gallery of sane A Pictorial and Taeemniphive Tour through Oresiipte 8yo. London. 5 00 Wiulier (2.) Ueber den Ban des ‘Pentacrinns Caput Madises, With 6 plates folio. Ber- 43. ? Naturalist’s (The) Miscellany ; on Calaeed Fiewres of Natural Objects. Drawii from nature by Shaw. 24 vols. in 12 ics oe hf. ef, and tesa maldadnides vols. in 2: beautifully colored plates, . 45 00 NATURAL HISTORY (illustrated Series of Popular Works on). Oken. Allgemeine Naturgeschichte fiir alle Stande. 13 vols. Stuttgart, 1833-41. . 13 00 Owen. Odontography ; or, a Treatise on the Comparative Anatomy of the Teeth, their Physiological Relations, Mode of Development, and Microscopical Structure in the Verte- brate Animals. By Richard Owen, F’.R.S., Corresponding Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Paris and Berlin; Hunterian "Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons, Lon- don. This splendid ar is how pole 2 Mea royal 8vo. containing 168 plates hf. bound russia. . A 3 = - 36.00 Percivali (W.) Twelve Lectures on the Form md Action of the oan, with ind en- grayings on steel by Lawrence. 8yo., clo. . A - 350 Pickering. Races of Men. = 12mo. with colored pats elo. London, 1851. . - 150 Plime. Histoire pepe > traduction nouvelle par Grandsagne. 20 yol. in-8. rar mia Half bound. . 50 00 Popular Witgecingy. By ety Bowery: With tireitey solotedt plates. - 300 Popular History of Mammalia. By Adam White, F.L.S., Assistant in the Zoo- ogical Department of the British Museum. With sixteen colored plates of oot &e., by B. Waterhouse Hawkins, F.L.S. . 3 00 Po ulat History of British Sea-Weeds, enipisiag all the Marine Plants, y the Rey. David Landsborough, A.L.8. Royali6mo. With 22 ar of ee by , Fitch, colored. . 8 00 Popular British eemithalare: pale all the Birds. By P. i. Goato; euthetr of “The Ocean.” Royal l6mo. With twenty plates of figures, shane (Colored $3.) . 200 Popular British Sion < By Maria * Catlow. mack 16mo, With 16 pl. of figures, by Wing. 2 - 3 00 Popular Field Betany. By Agnes Catlow. Seti apg revised by th the author. Royal 16mo. With 20 plates of figures, colored. . . ° - 800 Popular History of Mollusca; or, Shells and their Animal peor Ps eget oberts. With numerous colored plates. . B 83 00 Popular History of British Fossils. By Frederick Moy, F.G.S., “Proteiae of Geology in Queen’s College, Belfast. With numerous colored plates. . - 300 Prichard (J. Fe) Researches into the Piglet ieee of Mankind. 5 vols. 8vo. Lon- don, 1851. s . 24 00 The ected aie of Man: comprising Tonuision ties the modif ing influence of Physical and Moral Agencies on the different Tribes of the Human Fami By James Cowles Prichard, M.D., F.R.S., M.R.LA. Corresponding member of the ational Insti- tute, of the Royal Academy of Medicine, and of the Statistical Society of France; Mem- ber of the American Philosophical Society, &e. &. 3d edition, enlarged, with 50 ‘colored and 5 plain illustrations, engraved on steel, and 97 engravings on wood, royal 8yo. elegant- ly bound in cloth. London, 1848, E 9 00 —— Six Ethnographical Maps, as a Supplement ts the Natural History of Man, and 3 the Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. Folio, colored, aL 1 sheet of let- ter-press, in cloth boards. 2nd edition, London, 1850. : A . 600 Quekett (J.) Practical Treatise on the Use of the Berpaepe, ATtustrated with steel and wood engravings. Syo. London, 1848. . 500 ———— Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Histological Series opiteittigl in the Museum of the College of Surgeons. Vol. be Slemeniey. Tissues of Yeerteos and Ani- mals. 4to. London, “1850. A . 10 00 —— Lectures on Histology. Blementary tissues of Vegetables and Animals "B¥O., 180 woodcuts, London, 1852. 1 75 Salacroux,. Nouveaux Bléments Histoire Naturelle, contenant la Zoolosie, la Botani- que, la Mraéralogie et la Géologie, avec 48 planches représentant 450 figures. 2 yol. in-8. 4 50 Schimper (W.P.) Monographie des Plantes Fossiles. 4to., colored pl. 1844. - 10 00 Selby (P. J.) History of British Forest Trees, indigenous and introduced. Illustrated by nearly 200 engravings. 8vo., clo. ‘ . : . » 800 Sheep. Their Breeds, Management and 7; to which is added the rent —_ herd’s Manual. Svo. London, 1837. " 2 50 Strauss Durckeim. Considérations Bivérdtes sur l’anatomie compare aah animaux articulés, auxquelles on a joint l’anatomie descriptive du melolontha vulgaris (hanneton) comme exemple de l’organisation des vertébrés, Paris, 1828. In-4 et re le 19 pl. - 12 00 32 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, a ‘ : Ze. Temminck (C. J.) Monographies de Mammalogie. 2 vols. 4to., pl. Leiden, 184 . 20 00 Thompson (E.P.) The Passions of Animals. 8vo. London, 1851. - 800 Tschudi (J. J.) nen iiber die Fauna Peruana. Folio, colored patie St. Gallen, 1844-46, 5 - 20 00 Turtom. A Manual of the land a fresh wake shell of the British ilamtics te Lon- don, 1840. ‘: - 450 Vasey (Geo.) BP elinestions of Ae Ox Tribe; or, ‘hie Natural Mery of Bll pe and Buffaloes, 72 engravings on wood. 8vo, clo, 2 50 Voyage autour du Wionde, sous le commandement de l’amiral Du Petit ThonGiel pendant les années 1837, 1838 et 1839. 10 vol. gr. 8vo., avec un Atlas i Iai de 120 pl. fol., et de 20 cartes. . : 112 00 SOLD SEPARATELY. — Atlas Pittoresque, 1 volume folio, et Relation Historique, 4 volumes, e . 40 00 — Zoologie, 1 volume folio, et texte, 1 yolume. . “ - - . 42 00 — Botanique, 1 volume folio, et texte, 1 volume, . 5 . 16 00 — Physique et Hydrographie, 19 cartes hydrographiques et atts 5 ee oa 20 00 Voyage auteur au Monde sur les corvettes 2 Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817-1820, par L. de Freycinet. Paris, 1824 et années suivantes, comprenant: 1° Zoologie, par Quoy et Gaimard, 2 vol. in-4 et atlas in-fol. de 96 pl. col. % . 36 00 2° Historique, par M. de Freycinet, 4 tomes en 2 vol. in-4 et atlas in-fol. de 120 pl. . 40 06 8° Navigation et hydrographie, 2 vol. in-4 et atlas de 22 cartes. A d . 12 00 4° Observation du pendule,in-4. . * ‘ > e « - 200 Verret autour du Monde, exécuté sur la corvette la Coquille, sous les ordres de I. Duperrey. Paris, 1836-1838. — Zoologie, par MM. Lesson et Garnot, nomnigt en 28 liy. contenant 157 pl. in-fol., fig. . col, avec deux vol. de texte in-4. . 56 00 — Botanique, par MM. Bory ue Saint-Vincent at Adolphe Brongniart, 15 liv. andl avec texte in-4. ‘ . ° . 00 — Historique, par M. Baer 15 liy. in-fol. avec texte in-4, 3 a : ‘ 20 06 — Hydrographie, 4 vol. in-4, et atlas in-fol. °. ° . . - 20 00 . Voyage dans VAmerique Meridionatle (le Brésil, l’Urugnay, la Patagonie, la république Argentine, le Chili, le Pérou, le Bolivia), exécuté dans les années 1826 a 1833 par Alcide d’Orbigny. Paris, 1838-1847, publié en 90 liy. formant 7 Yah Re et 2 atlas contenant 415 pl. et 138 grandes cartes. . . . 120 00 Voyage au Pole Sud et dans POceanie, sous le commandement de V’amiral umont d’Urville, exécuté pendant les années 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, sur les corvettes VAs- trolabe et la Zélée, 3 vol. 8vo. accompagnés Wun atlas de 520 planches, folio. . 800 00 : SOLD SEPARATELY. — Atlas pittoresque, 2 vol. fol., et relation historique, 10 vol. Syo. . ° 112 00 — Zoologie, 2 vol. fol., et 6 vol. Syo, de texte. i ° - . . 82 00 — Botanique, 1 vol. fol., et 4 vol. 8vo. de texte. . . K ¢ . 42 00 —— Anthropologie, 1 vol. fol., et 2 vol. Svo. de texte. . ° ° - 28 00 —— Hydrographie, 64 cartes hydrographiques, et 2 vol. de texte, . é - 80:00 — Physique, 4 vol. 8vo. avec pl. ‘ M - 18 00 Relation du Voyage au aie ae egy et — Vocéanie, peiiie edition \0 vol. &8vo, avec 9 cartes. ’ Voyage en Perse, al MM. E. y landin et Coste, ap les anne? 1840 et 1341. 4 vol. folio, contenant 350 p - . . 800 00 SOLD SEPARATELY. — Architecture et sculpture, avec le texte archéologique. . ° ° 200 00 —— Vues pittoresques, avec le texte de la relation. 5 ‘ F 100 00 Walch (J.P. 8.) Die Naturgeschichte der Versteinerungen. Numerous co. pl. 5 vol. fol. Nurnberg, 1773. . , . 25 Waldheim (G. fF. de). Oryetograpbio du ee erties de Moscow. Fol., col. and plain. Moscow, 1837. . » 5 00 Waterhouse. A Natural History of ‘aser niin By G. R Water miaed ie of the Brit'sh Museum Vol. I, containing the Order Marsupiata, or Pouched Animals, with 22 illustrations, engraved on steel, and 18 engravings on wood. Royal Om, elegantly bound in cloth, col. pl. (Plain, $7,50.) * ° ; ‘ - 9 00 — Vol. II, containing the Order Rodentia, or Gnawi ing Heanmelin: w vith 22 illustrations, engraved on ’steel, and engravings on wood. Royal 8yo. “elegantly bound in cloth, col. pl. London, 1848, (Piain, Sy 6 ° - 900 White (A.)_ Popular History of Mammalia ; comprising a familiar adeonint of thet classi- fication and habits. Col. pl. 16mo. clo. . ° - 800 Wood (W.) Fossilia Hantoniensia; or, Ensiixe Fossils, valent and deposited in the British Museum by Jas. Brander, 1776. to. hf, elo. London, 1829, : - 50¢ Zoology \ (Illustrations of). En pre Py Lowry sag, Lage aie Ww ith deseriptive letter- press. Royal 4to. London 1 + TH STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Conchology and Mollusca. Brown (Thos.) The Elements of Conchology. Colored pl. Syo. London, 1816. . Catlow (Mr. a) Popular Congholoeyng or the Shell Cabinet Armaueed, 12mo. Lon- don, 1843. : . Chenu. [Ilustrations Conchyliologiques, ou Prete ah) et feb de de tontes les coquilles connues, vivantes et fossiles, classees suivant le sysyéme de Lamarck, modifiées d’aprés les progres de la science, et comprenant les genres nouveaux et les espéces recemment décou- Vertes, publiées par livraisons, composées chacune de 6 4 S pl. grayées, noires et coloriées, avec texte in-fol. 80 liy. sont en vente. Prix de chacune. “ d : Lecons élémentaires d’histoire naturelle des animaux. Conchyliologie. Paris, 1848. In-8, avec grand nombre de figures dans le texte et 12 gravées et coloriées. Crouch (&. A.) An Illustrated Introduction to Lamarck’s Conchology, contained in his Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres, &c. London, 1827. 4to., with 22 pl. col. Deshayes. Traité élémentaire de Conchyliologie, avec Vapplication de cette science a la géognosie. 3 vol. et atlas oe in-8 de 130 ) planches Saag a en 20 _ Chaque livraison, figures noires. . . — Le méme, figures coloriées. . . . 13 livraisons sont en vente ; il paraitra une — tous le pee mois. Mollusques de l’Algérie, publiés, dans le format in-4, par liv. de 4 4 5 fenilles de texte, et de 6 pl. col. Prix de la liyraison. (25 livraisons sont en vente.) [Cet ouvrage fait partie de l’Exploration scientifique de l’Algérie, publiée par ordre aa gouvernement, section des sciences physiques. ] Dillenii. Historia muscorum in qua circiter sexcente sr lips yeteres et nove ab sua ge- nera relatz describuntur. 4to. Oxonii, 1811. : Delwynn (a. W.) Descriptive catalogue of Recent Shells, lari according to the Linnean method. 2 vols. 8vo., ef. London, 1817, (Published at £1,188.) Scarce. Dupuy (Vabbe D-)- Histoire naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et d’eau douce qui vivent en France. 2 vol. 4to. avec 16 planches lithographiées Dit J. Delarue, Paris, 1848-49. -3 fascicules sont en vente; prix de chacun. : . ~ Duval-Jouve (J.) Bélemnites des terrains crétacés inférienrs des environs de Castel- lane (Basses-Alpes). Paris, 1841. In-4, avec 13 pl. = a . z Ferussac. Histoire Naturelle des Aplysiens, par M. Sander-Rang, membre de plusieurs sociétés d’Histoire Naturelle. Ouvrage servant de complément 4a |’Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques par M. de Férussac, 1 vol. 4to. accompagne de 20 pl. fig. noires. . . — Le méme ouvrage, Edition ito. avec 25 pl. col. ; “ ‘ ‘ — Le méme ouvrage, édition folio, avec 25 pl. col. 7 2 j ‘ Ferussac et Deshayes. Histoire naturelle générale et particuliére des Mollusques tant des espéces qn’on trouve aujourd’hui v ivantes que des dépouilles fossiles de celles qui n’existent ‘Plus, classés d’aprés les caractéres essentiels que présentent ces animaux et leurs coquilles ;* par M. de Férussac, continué depuis la 29e livraison par G. P. Deshayes. Ou- vrage complet en 42 livraisons, chacune de 6 planches in-folio, gravées et coloriées d’aprés nature avec le plus grand soin. Paris, 182"-1$51. 4 vol. in-fol. dont deux yol. de texte et 1 50 3 00 5 00 275 3 50 - 20 00 9 00 2 25 400 2 25 4 00 6 75 deux vol. contenant 217 pl. col. Prix réduit. 3 Fs 100 00 — Le méme, 4 vol. grand in-4, avec 247 pl. noires. . ; Chacune des liyraisons nouvelles (de 35 a 42) se compose: ‘je de 7 9 pages de texte; 2° de 6 planches gravées. Les livraisons (35 4 42) in-fol., avee les planches imprimées en couleur et retouchées an pincean avec le plus grand soin. Prix de chacune. . : : . . Prix de chaque liyraison in-4 avec les planches en noir. : } ° Ferussac et @’Orbigny. Histoire naturelle, générale et par tionitare des Céphalo- podes acétabuliferes vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description zoologique et anatomique de ces mollusques, des détails sur leur organisation, leurs moeurs, leurs habitudes et Phis- toire des observations dont ils ont été objet depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu’d nos jours, par M. de Férussac et Ale. d’ Orhigny Paris, 1836-1848, 2 yol. in-folio dont un de 144 pl. col., cartonnés. Prix. F ° j — Le méme ouvrage, 2 vol. grand in-4 dont un de 144 pl. Bit carton : . Gray (Wr.) Fignres of the Molluscous aay edited by John E. le of the British Musenm. 4 vols. 8yo. . < Miarvey (W. I.) The Sea Side Book ; being an Introduction to the Natural History of the British Coast. 12mo. clo. e@ Johnston (G.) Introduction to Conchology or, Elements. of the Natural History of Molluscous Animals. 8yo.clo. . M Knorr (‘r.) siasaeece yon Goncbyiten, 6 vol. +x in 3, hf. cf. ex.,' col. Pl Nurn- 45 00 6% 8 ST} } 150 6 00 berg, 1792. ; ° < ‘ , 20 00 Macguart. Facultés intérieures des animaux invertébrés, Byo, Lille, 1850. . ‘ 1 25 34 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Pfeiffer. Naturgeschichte Deutcher Land wu Siisswasser-Mollusken. 8 parts 4to., col. pl: : Weimar, 1948. . : s - 14 00 Pictet. Description des Mollusques fossiles qui se trouvent dans les grés yerts des environs de Genéye. 2 yol.4to. Genéve, 1847-49. . 5 : < Potiez et Michaud. Galerie des Mollusques, ou Catalogue méthodique, descriptif et raisonné des Mollusques, &e. 2 vols. and 2 atlases. . A“ - : : Rang et Souleyet. Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques Pléropodes, avec 5 pl. col. Pa- ris, 1852. In-4. 5 e ; : : : : - 6 26 — Le méme, in-folio. ; éx 3 E 3 ;: - 10 00 Regenfuss (F. MH.) Choix de Coquillages. Folio, col. pl. Copenhagen, 1758. - 15 00 Rossmassler. Iconographie der Land und Siisswasser-Mollusken, mit yorziiglicher Beriicksichtigun der europaischen noch nicht abgebildeten Arten. Leipsig, 1835 a 1838. 12 cahiers in-8, avec 40 pl. : F : 3 : 2 - 12.00 Wood (W.) General Conchology; or, a Description of Shells, arranged according to the Linnean System, illustrated with sixty plates, containing 260 figures of Univalves and Bivalyes. 8vo. hf morocco. : . ¢ : . : - 10 00 Entomology. peach m Entomologie francaise. Rhynchotes, hémiptéres, &c. Paris, 1848, In-8, avec 5 planches. . . . : , : : ° < Dejean, BoisDuval et Aube. Iconographie et Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres d'Europe. Paris, 1829-1836, 5 vol. in-8, avee 269 pl. col. (publiés en 56 liv.) Prix, . 83 Dufour (YI. L.) Recherches Anatomiques et Physiologiques sur les Hémiptéres. In-4, pl. Paris, 1833. ° : - . : 8 50 Fabricius. Systema Piezatorum. 8yo. Brunswick, 1804. . - oo Lue —— Systema Antliatorum. 8yvo. Brunswick, 1805. J : id ~ 150 Gaubil. Catalogue synonymique des Coléoptéres d’Europe et d’Algérie. In-8. Paris, 1849. 3 50 Godard et Dupenchel. Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptéres ou Papillons d’Europe, ouyrage basé sur la méthode de M. Latreille, modifié d’aprés les Progrés de la Science, avec des figures de chaque espéce, dessinées, gravées et coloriées d’aprés nature. 11 vols. in 18. Syo. with 394 pl. Paris, 1820-38, Complete. Published at 576 fr., now reduced to 57 00 Supplément a l’Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptéres on Papillons de la France. 4 vols. 8vo. with 152 plates, colored (complete). Paris, 1886-46, Published at 216 fr., now reduced to . . iy . . : Ore . — Iconographie et Histoire Naturelle des Chenilles pour seryir de Complément a l’Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptéres ou Papillons de France, de MM. Godard et Dupon- chel. 2 vol. in-8, avec 92 planches coloriées, Paris, 1846. Published at 93 fr., now re- duced to . . - . : . . 5 . — Catalogue Méthodique des Lépidoptéres d’Europe, distribués en Familles, Tribus et Genres, avec l’exposé des caractéres sur lesquels ces divisions sont fondées, et l’indica- tion des lieux et des époques ot l’on trouve chaque espéce, pour servir de complément et de rectification a l’Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptéres de France, deyenue celle des Lépi- doptéres d’Europe par les suppléments qu’on y a ajoutés. Paris, 1844. In-8. . . 875 Gory et Percheron. Monographie des Cétoines et genres voisins formant, dans les fa- milles de Latreille, la division des scarabées mélitophiles. Paris, 183371 836, Ce bel ou yrage est complet. Il a été publié en 15 livraisons formant un fort vol. in-8, imprimé sur papier grand-raisin, accompagné de 77 pl. coloriées avec le plus grand soin. . . 14 00 Gravenhorst. Ichneumonologia Europea. 38 vols.8yo. Breslau. . A - 10 00 Guérin (E.) et A. Percheron. Genera des insectes, ou Exposition détaillée de tous les caractéres propres 4 chacun des genres de cette classe d’animaux. Paris, 1835. In-8, avec 60 pl. col. : $ 3 - ° . 3 - 450 Lindenberg (S.B.J.) Species Hepathicarum. 7 parts, folio, col. pl. Bonne, 1840. Mounio- Tandon. Monographie de la famille des Hirudinées, nouvelle édition consi- érablement augmentée, ae 1846, In-8, de 450 pages, avec atlas de 14 pl. gravées et 8% 11 25 coloriées, Z ° 3 A F Mulsant. Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France. 4 yol.in-8. Lyon. . 11 00 aiscourg (J.'E. C.) Die Forstinsecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Weldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schedlich oder. niitzlich. bekannt gewor- denen Insecten. Berlin, 1839-1840. 8 vol. in-4, avec 38 pl. col. . ° . Walkers. Insecta Britannica, Diptera, vol. I. Svo, London, 1852. . - 750 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 35 2 3c. Ornithology. Bonaparte et Schlegel. Monographie desLoxiens. 4to. Dusseldorf,1850. Beau- ifally illustrated. E : j f 3 ° . . 16 00 Degland (C. WD.) Ornithologie européenne, ou Catalogue analytique et raisonné des oiseaux obseryésen Europe. Lille, 1849. 2 vol. in-8. : - . 450 Desmarest (A. J.) Histoire naturelle des Tangaras, des Manakins, et des Todiers. Fol. clo., colored plates. Paris, 1805. . 4 7 : : ; . 18 00 Gosse (RP. H.) The Birds of Jamaica. 12mo. clo. . - . 2 «Seu Lesson. Manuel d’ornithologie, ou Description des genres et des principales espéces d’oi- seaux. Paris, 1829. 2 vol. in-18. : : Aq ‘i ony ——— Traité d’ornithologie, ou Description des oiseaux réunis dans les principales col- lections de France. Paris, 1831. 2 volumes in-8, dont un de 119 pl. gravées, fig. noires. 10 00 —— Le méme, figures coloriées. - ° : E - 30 00 —— Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux-monuches. 1 vol. gr. in-8, papier vélin, avec 85 pl. gravées et coloriées avec grand soin. In half morocco. - . P . 10 00 Histoire naturelle des Colibris, suivie d’un supplément a Vhistoire naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches. Paris, 1831. 1 vol. gr. in-8, avec 65 planches gravées et coloriées. In half morocco. . : ° 5 . - : < - 10 00 Les Trochilidés, ou les Colibris et les Oiseaux-mouches; suiyi d’un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espéces du genre trochilus. Paris, 1832. In-8 avec 66 pl. gravées et col. In hf mor. . ‘ - 10 00 Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux de paradis et des Epimaqnues. Paris, 1835. In-8, grand papier, avec 40 planches col. In half moroeco, ° ‘ - 10 00 Levaillant (Fran.) Histoire naturelle des Perroquets. 2 vol., folio, hf. mor., colored Plates. Paris, 1805. : ° = ° . Se ° . Mieyer (Hi -KL.)* Colored Illustrations of British Birds and their Eggs. 12 vols. Syo., hf moroceo. London, 1842. Fi : E . : é e Nozemann. Nederlandsche Vogelen. 5 vols., atlas folio, hf. cf, colored plates. Ams- terdam, 1770. . : : - 80 00 Temminck et Meiffrenm Laugier. Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’Oi- Seaux, pour seryir de suite et de continuation aux planches enluminées de Buffon, ouvrage accompagné de 600 planches gravées et coloriées, dessinées d’aprés nature par Huet et F Prétre, peintres attachés au Muséum d’histoire naturelle. [Acquéreur de cette grande et belle publication, l’un des >uvrages les plus parfaits pour létude si intéressante de l’ornithologie, nous venons l’offrir en souscription et donnons nos soins 4 un nouveau tirage dont l’exécution ne laissera rien a désirer, tout en baissant le prix d’un tiers.] - L’ouvrage se compose de 5 volumes ayec 600 planches in-folio dessinées d’aprés nature ar Prétre et Huet, grayées et coloriées. Il est publié deux livraisons tous les quinze jours epuis le ler juin 1850. Chaque livraison composée de 6 pl. gravées et coloriées avec le plus grand soin, et le texte descriptif correspondant. L’ouyrage sera publié en 102 livrai- sons. Prix de la livraison in-folio, fig. col, anlieundel5fr. . . : . 2 = sd grand in-4, fig. col., anlieudelOfr.50¢c . - Pale | [Toutes les planches, d’une exécution irréprochable, numérotées de 1 4600, sont gra- vées, le texte imprimé; on peut done compter sur la publication trés exacte et qu’il n’y aura aucune interruption. La derniére livraison contient des tables scientifiques et mé- thodiques.—Les personnes qui ont négligé de retirer les derniéres livraisons pourront se les procurer aux prix indiqués ci-dessus.] Temminck. Manuel d’Ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se troz- vent en Europe, précédé du systéme général d’Ornithologie. Deuxiéme édition. Pans, 1840, 4 vol. in-S. : - é * —— Les oiseaux d’Europe, par C. J. Temminck, directeur du Musée @’histoire naturelss de Leyde. Atlas de 530 planches dessinées par J. C. Werner, peintrejau Muséum d’ms- toire naturelle de Paris. 2 beaux vol. in-8, fig. col., cartonnés, 7 é . 20 00 50 STs “= - Geology and Mineralogy, Mining, &c. Annuaire du Journal des Mines de Russie, St-Petersbourg, 1835-1842. Vols. 1lto& . 12 00 Amsted. Elementary Course of Geology, Mineralogy and Physical Geography. 12mo. London, 1850. - i - 33% The Geologist’s Text-book. 12mo. London, 1845. . . - - 100 Beudant (fF. 8.) Cours Elémentaire de Minéralogie et de Géologie, 1 fort vol. in-12, imprimé ayec luxe, fig. intercalées dans le texte. . - 15g [Ce volume fait partie du Cours Elémentaire d'histoire naturelle, par MM. Edwards, de Jussieu et Beudant, 8 vol.] 86 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Wlum. Die Pseudomorphosen des Mineralreichs mit 17 Holzschnitter. 8yo. 1843, - 150 Boubée (N.) Cours de Géologie Agricole, théorique et appliquée. Svo. Paris,1852, . 0 75 Brard. Nouveaux Elémentsde Minéralogie. Se édition, 8vo, 1838 . 5 61% Buckland (Rev. W.) Geology and Mineralogy considered with reference to Natural Theology. (Bridgewater Treatise.) 2 vols. 8vo., ‘clo. 4 Burat,. Description des terrains voleaniques de la France centrale. ‘Paris, 1888, Ind, avec 10 planches. 5 . . . ° Géologie appliquée, ou Traité de la seshiirctan et de Hexpletiogion dese minéraux utiles; 2e édition. Paris, 1846. In-8, fig. . . Chapman. Practical Mineralogy; or,a Comspetliaes of the distineuishing Character of inerals: by which the Name of any Species or Variety in the Mineral Kingdom may be . speedily ascertained. With 13 engravings, showing 270 specimens. . 75 Darwin (C.) Geological Observations on Coral Reefs, Yo Islands, itd on South America; with illustrations and maps. 8yo.clo. . wih - 8 00 De la Beche (Sir H. J.) The Geological Observer. 8yo. ‘sh, candun, 1851. - £50 D’Orbigny et Gemte. Géologie appliquée aux ai etal Pgrlorlant, avec des vignel- tes et nn tableau grayé sur acier. 8yo. 1851, 2 50 BDufremoy. Traité de Minéralogie. Paris, 1845-47. A vol. in-8, dont un de Mipagiee . 12 00 Elie de Beaumont (L.) ae de enloele Drees Paris, 1845. (L’ouvrage aura — 3 vol.) Tome ler, in-8, fig. . . J Fournel dH.) Etudes de Gites ranieeaaes publiges par ie soins de PAdniinistraont ped mines. Atlas et texte, 2 vol. Paris, 1836 ° Grar (E.) Histoire des mines de Houille du Nord el la France. 3 si 4to, Paris, 1847. 50 00 Landyrim. Dictionnaire de Minéralogie. 12mo. 1852. - ° - 100 Lecogq (H.) Eléments de Géologie et d’Hydrographie. 2vols.Syo. . “ . » 875 Leonhard. (Kopp u. scrapcleneenmes Propacdeutik der Minerale. Folio with plates, plain and colored. 3 2 50 Lyell (Sir Charlies). Manual of Elementary Gednenc ry ane ees Chasen of the Earth and its Inhabitants as illustrated by Geological Monuments, 200 woodents. 8vo.cl. 2 50 —— Principles of Geology. 8yvo. London, 1850. 4 50 Miacleay (K.). Description of the Spar poids) ey mieenveread in the isk of skye, avo. bound. Edinburgh, 1811. Nicol (J.) Manual of Mineralogy, or the Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom. 12mo, Edinburgh, 1849. - 8 50. Pinkerton (J.) Bocaiaer ee on Rocks, 2 vols. Bro, Pecrey 1811. - 100 Pusch (G.G.) Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen so wie der iibrigen Nord i then-Linder. 2yols. . Rashleigh (P.) Specimens of British Windia: with Citar Descriptions of each re ticle. 4to., hf russia. London, 1797. 4 : . - 10 00 Richardson. Geology for beginners; comprising a » Familiar Exposition of the Elements of Geology and its Associate Sciences, Mineralogy, Fossil Conchology, Honea Botany, and 2 00 Paleontology. 2nd edition, post 8vo., with 251 woodcuts, 1843, . - 250 Riviére (A.) Eléments de Géologie pure et appliquée. 1849. . ‘ - 8 00 Sowerby (HM.) Popular Mineralogy; comprising a Familiar Account of — we their uses. Colored plates. 16mo. clo. . 3 00 Villefosse (Heron de). De la Richesse Min6rale—Considérations' sur les anit usi- nes, et salines des différents Etats sous les SAPO de l’Economie et de Technologie. 8 vol. in-4 et atlas, Very scarce. . ° . - 85 00 Vogt. Lehrbuch der Geologie und Petrefacten andes 2 vols. 8vo. 1849, . ° Walcott (Johm). Descriptions and Figures of quran found in the SO Grayelpits, &c., near Bath. 8vo., bound. Bas . Wiebel (K. Ww. Wi.) Die Insel Helgoland, Untersuchungen liber Beri Grésse in Vor- zeit und Gegenwart. 4to., charts. Hamburg, 1848. ° . - 400 Botany. Agardh. Icones algarum europmarum. Représentation d’algues européennes, suivies de celle d’espéces exotiques les plus apes 54 igre or découvertes. Lelpalg, wae ; 1835, in-8, avec 40 planches coloriées. . . 7 00 Systema algarum. Lunda, 1824. In: ie |W . 3 . - 200 ¢ Tcones algarum inedite. Tolmim, 1821. 2 fase., in-4, avec 20 planches. . 850 0% —~————— ‘Om hafs-algers germination, In-8 de 10 p. et une planche, . . STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 3T Agardh. Species algarum rite cognite, cum synonymis differentiis epeeificns et deseriptle nibus succinctis. Gryphiswaldiz, 1821-28 2 vol. en 3 parties, in-8. 3 Agassiz. Systéme glaciaire, ou Recherches sur les glaciers, lear mécanisme, leur ancienne extension, et le réle« qu’ils ont joué dans Vhistoire de la terre, par MM. Agassiz, A. Guyot et Desor. tre partie, nouvelles études et expériences sur les glaciers Seige leur stfue- ture, leur progression et leur action sur le sel; par L. Agassiz. Paris, 1847. i vol. grand in-8, avec un atlas de 3 cartes et 9 planches en "partie coloriées, . , Babington. Primitie Flore Sarnice; or, an Outline of the Flora of the Channel Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. '12mo, London, 1839. ‘ F - Gadham (C. D.) Treatise on the Esculent Funguses of England, containing an account of their Classical History, Uses, Characters, Development, Structure, Nutritious Proper- ties, Modes of Cooking and Preserving, &e., &. $Sy0., clo. . . Balfour (J. WH.) Manual of Botany; being an Introduction to ae study of the Structure, Physiology, and Classification of Plants, with numerous woodcuts. 12mo., clo. Berlése. Iconographie du Régne Camélia, ou description et figures des Camélias les plus beaux et les plus rares. 3 vol. 4to. phiabaiieis eS coloriées, ici 1e41. Half bound. . it Brandt. Phebus, et Ratzeburg. ‘Dentseblands Ueaaecceaer ole Giftgewiichse, 4to., col. pl. Berlin, 1838. e Brougnart (A.) Enumération ies genres de pliaites cultiv6ed au Muséam @Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 12mo. Paris, 1850. . i . i 3 ‘Brusch et Schimper. Bryoligia europea seu genera 3 Wanetedel Europzorum mono- graphice illustrata. Sette 1839-1849, Fasciculi I 4 XLIII, ing. contenant 442 pl, Prix de la livraison. - “ Cosson et Germain. Flore decertutiys et Srey aes des environs de Paris. Paris, 1845, 2 vol. in-12. P - . . . 8 Atlas de la Flore des environs de Paris. 1845. In-12 de 40 a . a ——_—— Synopsis analytique de la Flore des environs de Eevee ou —— aernee des familles et des genres. Paris, 1845, In-12. > 3 De Candolle. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis, Regni Vegetabilis. Vols. I to XIII. Ze. 409 12 00 3 50 0 00 275 0 75 3 25 2 25 8yo. Paris, 1824-49. (Hf bound in ealf in Paris, $52. -) é 3 . 46 Organographie végétale, ou Description raisonnée des’ irons des Plantes. Paris, 1827. 2 vol. in-8 avec 60 pl. : - ‘ Physiologie eee ou cee ant des cater et des finiekians eds des Eras Paris, 1832. 3 vol. in-&. . a x - 500 ————. Théorie Alétientaire de seston ou Exposition des principes de la classification naturelle, et de art de décrire et d’etudier les yégétaux, troisiéme édition. cue 1844, In-8. . . . : . : introduction 4 a Pétude de ig botanique, ou Traité élémentaire de cette science, con- tenant l’organographie, la physiologie, &c. Paris, 1836. 2 vol. in-S, fig. 3 Sa vie et ses travaux, par A. dela Rive. 12mo, Paris, 1851. . b Delalande (L. J.) Traité €lémentaire de Physiologie végétale, Svo. Paris, 1845. . Bozy (F.) et J. WH. Molkenbaer. Musci frondosi inediti Archipelagi indici, sive descriptio et adumbratio muscorum frondosorum in insulis Java, Borneo, Sumatra, Cele- bes, Amboina, necnon in Japonia nuper detectorum minusvye cognitorum, Lugduni Batay., 1846; publié par livraisons de 10 monte avec texte in-4—7 liyraisons sont en vente, ‘prix de chaque. . . Endlicher (S.) Enchiridion botanfoum exhibens classes et ordines plantarum, Acoedit nomenclator generum et officinalium vel usualium indicatio. Lipsiw, 1841. In-8, ‘ Synopsis coniferarum. S8yo. Sangalli, 1847. : - 2 Grenier et Godron. Flore de France, ou Description des plantes qui eniecin natu- rellement en France et en Corse. Paris, 1848. 3 forts volumes in-8, chacun de 800 pages, publiés en six parties; les lre et 2e parties sont en vente. Prix de chaque partie. d Warvey (W. HH.) Manual of the British Marine Alge; containing generic and specific Descriptions of all the known British spartan of Bea-Weeds with plates to illustrate the genera. 8vo. clo. ° . Phycologia Britannica; or ¢ History ‘of British Sea-Weeds, cotisining colored Fi- gures, g generic and specific Characters, Synonymes, and Descriptions of all the — of Alge inhabiting the shores of the British Islands. 3 vol. 8yo., clo. . Hassall. A History of the British Fresh-water Alge, comprising Descriptions and Colored Delineations of nearly 500 Species, including the Desmidw and a rar This work is being re-issued in 12 monthly parts. Price, each . ¥ maenerey (A.) Outlines - Structural ae niger Botany, with Illustrations, 12mo. clo. . e The Vegetation of Puropa, 12mo, "Lond 1851... ° R Wioefer. Dictionnaire de Botanique pratique. 12mo, Paris, 1850. J R . HJooker (Sir W. J.) Icones Plantarum. By Sir W. J. Hooker, Director of the Royal Bo- tanic Gardens, Kew. New Series, vols. I-IV, containing 100 pistes, each with mm 8vo. clo. London, 1842-44. Each vol. ‘ : 3 00 4 00 1 00 1% - 45 00 1 00 1 50 100 -—————. The London Journal of Botany. Vols. I-VI, with 24 pl. each, boards, 1842-47, 30 00 38 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Hooker (Sir W.35.). Flora-Boreali-Americana; or, the Botany of the Northern Parts of British America, 2 vols. 4to., clo. London, 1840. hi wide > 4 + 20 00 Hooker (J. B®.) Niger Flora; or, an Enumeration of the Plants of Western Tropical Africa, collected by the late Dr. Th. Vogel, Botanist to the voyage of the expedition sent by Her Britannic Majesty to the River Niger in 1841, under the Command of Capt. H. D. Trotter, R.N., including Spicilegia Gorgonea, by P. B. Webb, and Flora Nigritiana, by Dr. of ee and George Bentham. With 2 Views,a Map and 50 Plates. Svo. Lon- on, . e A i ‘ 4 R 5 s The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya; being an Account Botanical and Geo- graphical of the Rhododendrons recently discovered in the mountains of Eastern Hima- Jaya, from drawings and descriptions made on the spot, during a Government Botanical Mission to that country. Folio. London, 1849. . . Humboldt (A.de). Plantes équinoxiales, recneillies au Mexique, dans l’ile de Cuba, dans Ja province de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone; aux Andes de la Nouvelle Gre- 5 00 6 00 ‘nade, de Quito et du Pérou, &c. Paris, 1813. 2 vol. gr.in-folioavee 140 pl. - 80 00 — De Distributione geographica plantarum secundum cceli temperiem et altitudinem montium. Parisiis,1817. In-8, ayec une carte coloriée. = = . . Jussieu (A.de) Cours élémentaire de Botanique. Paris, 1 fort vol. in-12 de 740 pages, imprimé avec luxe, 730 figures intercalées dans le texte. Ouvrage adopté pour l’enseigne- ment de l’histoire naturelle dans les établissements de l’université et dans les établisse- ments religieux. 3 + 4 ° : : - : [Ce volume fait partie du Cours élémentaire d’histoire naturelle par MM. Edwards, A, de Jussieu et Beudant, 3 yol.] Labillardiére (J.35.) Novz Hollandiz Plantarium Specimen. 2 vols. fol., ef., plates. Paris, 1804. . 4 : a : : . . ° Lasegue (A.) Musée Botanique de M. Benjamin Delessert.—Notices sur les collections de plantes et la bibliothéque qui le composent; contenant, en outre, des documents sur les principaux. herbiers d’Kurope, et exposé des voyages entrepris dans l’intéret de la bota- nique. Paris, décembre, 1844. 1 vol in-S. 3 a . eee eroseh. (Hev.D.) Popular History of British Sea-Weeds. Colored plates. mo. clo. 3 " P . 5 A a . Leecog et Lamotte. Catalogue raisonné des plantes vasculaires du plateau central de la France. Paris, 1847. 1 vol. in-8. % x - ; - ‘ Le Maout (®.) Atlas Elémentaire de Botanique avec le texte en regard, comprenant lorganographie, ’anatomie et ’iconographie des familles d’Europe, 4 usage des €tudiants -et.des gens du monde. Ouvrage contenant 2,340 fig. dessinées par Steinheil et Decaisne. Paris, 1846. 1 beau vol. in-4. Prix. : . : - ss a Lecons Elémentaires de Botanique fondées sur l’analyse de 50 plantes vulgaires et ‘formant un traité complet d’organographie et de physiologie végétale. Paris, 1844. 1 ma- gnifiqne vol. in-8, avee l’atlas des 50 plantes vulgaires et plus de 500 fig. dessinées par J. Decaisne et grayées par les meilleurs artistes. Prix avec latlas colorié. ° : — Le méme, avec atlas noir. . A F “ = — Botanique, Organographie et Taxonomie, Histoire naturelle des familles végétales. Ro. 8vo. Paris, 1852. Hf bound. - - Lehmann (C.) Plante Preissiane. 2 vols. 8yo. . ° : . Lindley (Johm). Flora Medica; a Botanical Account of all the more important plants used in medicine, in different parts of the world. 8yvo.clo. . 4 . . Wiiers (J.) Llustrations of South American Plants. Vol I, 4to. With 34 plates. Lon- don, 1847-50. . : 5 : 3 : ' y ; Wirbel. Eléments de Physiologie végétale et de Botanique. Paris, 1815. 8 vol. in-8, fig., brochés. . ‘ . = ° 2 « . — Exposition de la théorie de Porganisation.végétale. Paris, 1809. In-8, fig. . Nees von Esenbeck. Sammlung Schonblii hender Gewachse. Folio, beautifully eol. plates. Diisseldorff, 1851. 4 : : tere : : : — Genera plantarum flore Germanie iconibus et deseriptionibus illustrata. Bonn, 1833 et années suiy. Cet ouvrage est composé de 26 livraisons contenant chacune 20 pl. in-8 avec texte descriptif. Prix de la livraison. ‘ . - A n Newman (E.) History of British Ferns, and allied Plants. Wood engravings. Svo. clo, Pfeiffer. Symbole ad historiam Heliceorum. 6Svo. Cassel, 1846. . 6 . Plée (E.) Types de chaque famille et des principaux genres des plantes qui eroissent spon- tanément en France, exposition détaillée et complete de leurs caractérea et de ’embrylo- gie. Paris, 1844-50, Ouvrage publié par livraisons, chacune d’une planche in-4 grayée et coloriée, avec un texte descriptif; 43 livraisons sont en vente. Prix de chacune, ° [Ouvrage dont l’exéecntion ne laisse rien a désirer sous le rapport scientifique et artis~ tique.] Pritzel (G. A.) Thesaurus litterature bonatice omnium gentium inde a rerum botani- carnm initiis ad nostra usque tempora quindecim millia opera recensens. Lipsice, 1847. Formera 7 liyraisons in-4 a deux colonnes, les livraisons 1 4 1V sont en vente. Prix de chaque. r a ° ‘ s ; “ : . Ralis(Johm). The British Desmidiex, with colored plates by E. Jenner. Syo.clo, . 2 50 1 50 8 00 17% 3 00 1 25 875 ~ 6 25 3 75 6 00 5 00 4123 9 50 6 00 1 60 10 00 1 00 7 50 2 00 0 20 2 00 10 75 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 39 Raoul. Choixde Plantes de la Nouvelle Zélande, recueillies et décrites par E. Raoul, chi- _ rurgien de lre classe de la marine nationale. Ouvrage publié sous les auspices du dépar- tement de la marine et des colonies, Paris, 1846. 1 vol. grand in-4 cartonné, avec 30 planches dessinées d’aprés nature par M. Rioereux, et grayvées en taille-douce par Mlle, ‘Taillant. 3 4 : ; . 875 Redoute. Les Roses décrites et wats scien leur ae naturel, par C. A. Thory. Pa- \ ris, F. Didot, 1817-1824. 3vol. gr. in-fol. avec 172 pl. Bel exempl. Demi rel. - 65 06 Pickard (A.) Nouveaux éléments de hoe pi caeg oe? édition. ‘nie 1846. In-8, A figures : 3 - Pornvalaire de a Septidiie edition: Paris, 1840, In-32, - - 075 ———_ Eléments histoire naturelle médicale. pins roe pb Ni Paris, sian 3 vol. in-8, br. : P 3 ; - TH Roques (Joseph). Histoire des champignons comestibles et vénéneux, ou l’on expose leurs caractéres distinctifs, leurs propriétés alimentaires et économiques, leurs effets nui- sibles et les moyens de s’er garantir ou d’y remédier; ouvrage utile aux amateurs de champignons, aux médecins, aux naturalistes, aux propriétaires ruraux, aux maires, aux curés des campagnes; 2e edition, revue et considérablement augmentée. Paris, 1841. 1 vol. in-8, avec 1 atlas grand in-4 de 24 planches, représentant dans leurs dimensions et leurs couleurs naturelles cent espéces ou variétes de champignons, = 7 - 8% — Le méme, avec Vailas cartonné. : : 2 : : - 400 —— Phytographie médicale. Histoire des substances héroiques et des poisons tirés du Régne VégétaL 38 vol. 8yo.,etunatlasdepl. . ’ : - 500 Nouveau Traité des plantes usuelles, spécialement appliqué 4 la médecine domes- tique et au régime alimentaire. 4 vol. Syo. Paris, 1837. : : = - 6 00 Salm=Dyck (le primce). Monographia genorum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi iconibus illustrata. Dusseldorf, 1835-1848. Publiée par liv. in-fol., fig. col. Prix de la liv. - 650 [6 livraisons sont en vente.] ‘ Schleiden. The Plant; a Biography, in a Series of Popular Lectures on Botany. Edited and translatsd by A. Henttey, F.LS. S8vo., with 5 colored plates, and 13 woodcuts. London, 1848. . 3 : - 400 —— Principles of Beientific ‘Golany: or, eee as an Tniductive Béionee. Syo. clo. . 600 Schnizicin fA) Taonograntiis Familiarum regni riage 2 si Ato., colored pl. Bonn. ; f “ - 450 Saint-Hilaire. Lecons de Botanique aed principalement la morphologie vé- gétale, la terminologie, la botanique comparée, l’examen de la valeur des caractéres dans les diverses familles naturelles, &c. Paris, 1841. In-8, avec 24 pl. : : - 200 Sweet. Geraniacex; the natural order of Gerania, illustrated by colored figures and de- scriptions. 5 vols. gvo. London, 1820-22 - 25 00 — The Florist’s Guide and Cultivator’s Dir ockonys 2 sole 8yo. Eendon, 1827-29, - 13 00 Wrimius. Species graminum Iconibus et descriptionibus. 8 vols. 4to. Petropoli, 1828. . 30 OC Trew (C. i.) Plante oer 3 at patie; heapiitally colored plates, ch apDsE ex. gt. ex, Amsterdam, 1752. « 400 Tulasne (LL. Ee.) Histoire et Monographie des Champignons Pyne Avec 21 pl. gravées, dont 9 magnifiquement colorées. 4to. Paris, 1&85!. . . - 18 00 Ward (N.B.) On the Growth of Plants in closely glazed cases. 8yo. clo. 2 - 150 Weddell (#2. A.) Histoire naturelle des Quinquinas. Paris, 1849. 1 vol. in-fol. accom- pagné d’une carte, d’un frontispice et de 32 planches dessinées par MM. Riocreux et Stein- heil, grayées en taille-douce et dont 8 sont coloriées, E . : - 15 00 Waght. Illustrations of Indian Botany ; ; or, Figures Illustrative of each of the Natural Or- ers of Indian Plants, described in the author’s Prodromus Flore Peninsula Indi Orien- talis; but not confined to them. By Dr. R. Wight, F.L.8., Surgeon to the Madras Esta- blishment, Vol. I, published in 13 parts, containing 95 col. pl. “Madras, 1838-40, - 25 60 —— Vol. II. 3 parts containing 200 colored plates, Madras, 1841-50, _ zs - 28 00 [Odd Parts may be obtained to complete Sets.] ———-—— Icones Plantarum Indie Orientalis; or, Figures of Indian Plants. By Dr. Robert Wight, F.L.8., Surgeon to the Madras Establishment. Vol. I, 4to., sensing of 16 parts, containing together 318 plates. Madras, 1838-40... - 20 00 — Vol. I, consisting of 4 parts, containing together 418 slates: Madras, 1840. 42. - 26 00 — Vol. III, parts | to 4, with 426 pl. Madras, 1843-47, A > b . 380 00 —— Vol. IV, parts 1] to 4, with 458 pl. Madras, 1848-50, ‘ . ") - 80 00 — Vol. V, part 1, with 140 pl. Madras, 1851. ’ ° : . - 10 00 [Odd Parts may be obtained to complete Sets.] Contributions to the Botany of India. B. Dr, yehent Wigh Flaby the Madras Establishment, 8yo, Tionlion: 1834, s! t Pprgeon to 40 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. i ¢c Wight. Spicilegium Neilgherrense; or, a Selection of Neilgherry Plants, drawn and ; colored from Nature, with : brief Descriptions of each; some general occasional Notices of their Economical Properties and Uses. By Dr. Robert Wight, F.L.S., Surgeon to the Madras Establishment. 3 parts, 4to.; with 150 colored plates. Madras, 1846.48, . 22 00 ——— Prodromus Flore Peninsule Indie Orientalis; containing abridged descriptions of the Plants found in the Peninsula of British India, ‘arranged according to the Natural System. By Drs. Robert Wight, F.L.8.,and Walker Arnott. Vol. I, 8vo. London, 1834, 4 00 Woodville (W.) Medical Botany, containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates of all the medicinal plants. 2nd edition, , 4 vols. 4to. London, 1810. Hf. ef. - 800 Wallich (Nath.) Descriptions and Figures of a Select Number of unpublished East Indian Plants. 38 vols. folio, colored plates, half calf. London, 1830, . . - 70 00 Walpers (G.G.) Repertorium botanices systematice. Lipsie, 1842-1848. 6 vol. in-8, 32 00 ia Annales botanices systematicez. Lipsiz, 1848 In-8. Tome I, publié en 6 fasci- Cc es. , e . . * . . . . . Mathematics, Geometry, Algebra, Mechanics, Astronomy, Navigation, &c., &c. $ 0. Arageo. Lecons d’Astronomie, 12mo. Paris, 1849. . ° ° ° - 0 8%} Artizan Club. A Treatise on the Steam Engine. 4to., with 33 im and 349 woodcuts, London, 1851, . ° ° : . Astrenomical = cig cl ara made by Baily Wallace, Quetelet Caldecott, wet others. 4to.,cfi London. Bailly (.) Histoire de PAconordé Migsind et Moderne, idtante et Orientale, avec la continuation de Voirin. 6 vols. 4to., calf. = us ° . 25 90 Barlet. Arithmétique pratique. ,In-8 1845. A 5 o : Le DD - Bazaine (General). Mémoires sur les machines a vapeur en général; sur l’éyalua- tion de la force expansive dela vapeur. 4to., hf. cf. St. Petersburgh, 1833. F 0 75 Berard (J. 8.) Applications du Caleul Différentiel 4 la discussion et a la construction des Equations des lignes courbes et surfaces courbes du second dégré. 4to., ponnd Tu- rin, 1813. . 5 . . Phat: bah 15) Bernowtlli. Recueil pour les Pe ye 4 vol. in-8, Berlin, 1771. ° > - 400 Biot. Traité élémentaire d’Astronomie Physique. 3e édition, pa refondue et considérablement augmentée, 5 vol. in-8, avec atlas, 2 : - 16 50 [Les quatre premiers volumes, avec 4 atlas, sont en verte. Le bei’, cinquiéme est sous presse et sera livré gratis.] Bland, Experimental Essays on the peindinles of construction in Archegy Piers, But- tresses, &c. Syo. London, 1839.. . . - 2 123 Bode (3.E.) Description et connaissance ‘genic des constellations, ayec un ‘catalogue de 17,240 étoiles, &c. Folio with large folio plates. Berlin, 1801. .. ™ -« 750 Catalogue de Dascension droite et de la déclinaison de 5,505 étoiles d’aprés les ob- servations de M. le Dr. Piazzi a Paler me, et de 372 nébuleuses et amas d’étoiles daprés les _ observations de plusieurs Astronomes, pour le ler janvier 1800. 4to. Berlin, 1805. - 200 Bonnefoux et Paris. Dictionnaire de marine a yoiles et 4 vapeur. 2 vol. 4to. Paris. 11 50 Boucharlat. Théorie des courbes et des surfaces du second ordre, ou Tag complet d’application de Algébre ala Géométrie. 8e édition, in-8, avec 14 pl. - 250 Bourdon. £Eléments d’Arithmétique. 1 vol. in-8. ; . 1874 [Cette édition se distingue des éditions précédéntes par les uhingemaWee que Panteur y a introduits.] Eléments d’Algébre, 10 édition, corrigée et augmentée, 1 fort vol. in-8, - 200 Bossut (C.) Essai sur Vhistoire générale des mathématiques. 2 vol. in-8. Paris, 1802, . 8 00 Bourne (J.) A Catechism of the Steam Engine. 12mo. London, 1850, ° - 150 Cagnoli. Catalogue de 501 hey suivi des tables relatives selastmisluee et de mutation, n-8. Modeéne, 1807. 5 ae .. Loe Cagnmoli(A.) Trigonometria asia e sferica, Ato, cf. Bdlogna, 1804, - 250 Cahiers de Mathematique a l’usage de Messieurs les eaiglens de VEedle Royale d’Artillerie de Strasbourg, 2 vol. in-4, ef Strasbourg, 1737. 4 00 Clark (E.) . ee and Conway Tubular Bridges, 2 1h royal 8yo., with plates in-folio, ° ° . + 25 00 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. ; 41 3 c. Claudel (3. ») Formules, Tables, et Renseignements et toa aide-mémoire des Ingé- nieurs, des Architectes, &e. 2¢ edit, 1849. - 8 00 Colenso (Rev. J. W.) The Elements of Algebra, designed for the Ue of Schools, 2 parts, 12mo. London, 1851. EK : - 300 — Arithmetic designed for the Use of ‘Gobo 12mo, London, 1851, » 125 ———— Plane Trigonometry. 2 vols. 12mo, London, 1851". A ° - 200 Examples in Algebra, .12mo. London, 1850. ‘ ‘ - - 075 Comite (Auguste). Géométrie Analytique. Syo. (Hf bound, $2,25.) ‘ ay AS Cournot. Théorie deschances. 8yo., hf. cf r ' hee Ly se: Damoiseau aren). Tables Hellpiaues des Satellites de Supiter, 4to., bound. Paris, 1886. . : - 8 00 Darley (G.) A System of Peles Gripes damn clo, Tonden, 1844, . - 0% Daru (P.) L’Astronomie, Poéme ensix chants. 8vo. Paris, 1830, . . - 100 D’Aubuissom de Voisins. Traité dHydraulique. 8yo. F ¥ - 250 Weider (¥2.) La mesure des surfaces et des solides, par Tanti des antah etles — centres de grayité. 4to. vél. Paris, 1740. . - 150 Delaunay. Cours ¢lémentaire de Mecaniane, tnéoriguo et ‘SERUM With heen woodcuts. 12mo. Paris, 1851. . 2 00 Dempsey (G. DB.) Examples of Iron Roofs from 20 a 150 feeti in span. aoe Poneae! 1850. 9 00 The Machinery of the Nineteenth ae. ee from original drawings, publishing in monthly parts. Price of each. . : + 150 [To be completed in about 50 parts.] — Malleable Iron Eee details ea their construction, &., &. 4to. and atlas of plates, folio, . : - 10 00 Tron applied to meieey Nandkieuet 4to., plates oud! 1850. 3 . - 800 Examples of Brick Bridges, Sewers, &c. 4to., pl. fol. c a - 10 00 Douglas (Sir H.) Naval Gunnery. New edit., 8yo. London, 183 . - - 600 —— Nayal Evolutions. 8vo. . 2 > . ° - 8 00 Buhamel. Cours d’Analyse de l’Ecole Poly earaines Seconde édit., 2 vol. in-8. ~ 27 Cours de Mécanique de ’Ecole Polytechnique. 2vyol.in-& . ° - 800 Bupin (Ch.) Développements de Géométrie, avec des applications 4 la stabilité des yaisseaux, aux débhaiis et remblais, au défilement, a l’optique, &c. 4to. bound. Paris, 1818, 2 00 Dupuis. Mémoire explicatif du rome ad et Sidr neh i 4to., bound, Paris, 1806. : 3 : : ; - 0%5 abet de Lome. Mémoire sur la sis lp ca (aes patiments en eK 4to, text, and ates folio, Paris, 1844. : ‘ - 750 Emmanuel (C.) Astronomie nouvelle, ou ieee des snotondamness — Paris, 1851, 0 75 Engimeers (Royal). Papers on subjects connected with the duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers, 4to., vols. X. London, 1845. . < ’ » 900 Franceeur. Astronomie pr pec usage et ics acne de la connaissance des temps, &e. 2Qme édit., 1840. A A . - 200 eS Ofencerents ou "Traité Glementatrs d@Astronomie. 1 vol. in-8, avec pl. Qa - Fuss (P. Wi.) Correspondance mathématique et physique de quelques célébres @6omeétres du XVIIIme siécle, précédée @’une notice sur les trayaux de Léonard Euler. 2 vol. 8vo., russ, St-Pétersbourg, 1843. ci F é ° . ; - 12 50 Gauss (M.) Recherches arithmétiques. 4to. Paris, 1807. . . 9°50 Goodwin. Elementary Mechanics, designed oineay for the Use of Schools yi Cam- bridge, 1851. . . . Pg Wd Guynemer. Dictionnaire didewotiomto, a lusage des gens au monde. 8yo. Paris, 1852. 1 00 Hodge (BP. R.)_ Analytical Spee and Ly actical Tr aac of Be Expansive Steam Engine. 4to. London, 1849. . « 750 Hopkins. A Series of Figures illustrative of Goonmteteal OPN Syo. text, and fol. pl. Cambridge (England), 1851. r . A ‘ ; - 800 Jal(A.) Archéologie nayale. Publiée par ordre du Roi. 2 och roy. 8vyo. Paris, - 10 00 Lacroix (S. J.) Traité du Caleul iférentiel et du Caleul rie pe 8 vols. 4to, Norn searce, Paris, 1810, 5 ‘ 22 00 -———— Traité élémentaire du Caleul des Probabilités, In-8, ge édit., avec un pl. 1888, , 1 25 ——_——. Traité d’Arithmétique. 8vo. Paris, 1846. . ; ° ‘ » O 624 Laplace (@uvres de). 7 vols. 4to, Paris, 1846. | ; % ‘ - 19 00 CAN BE HAD SEPARATELY, — Exposition du Systéme du Monde, 1 vol. . ° . ‘ 275 . —— Théorie des Probabilités. 1 vol. F , . e . ° — Mécanique Céleste, Awol . ° ‘ ° e e 414 00 42 : STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, $ 6. Lardner (Br.) The Steam Engine, Steam Navigation, Bosils and Balapie opis and illustrated. 12mo. London,185!. . . 2 50 Lefebure de Feurcy. Traité de Géométrie descriptive. bigitd édit., Syo. Paris, 1947, 8 00 Legendre. Eléments de Géométrie. 8yo. - 5 . Y . 200 Leroy. Analyse appliquée ala Géométrie des trois dimensions. In-8. 1 874 Traité de Stéréotomie, contenant les applications de la Géométrie descriptive a la théorie des ombres, a la coupe des pierres, &e. In-4, et atlas. 1844 . = - 900 merge (FE. C. ~_ nities du dessin et du lavis de la carte kepepraphigue, any Pa- TIS, - 250 aes de Selon. Meneda de Praeesieee suilitaire, Syo. et atlas folio. - 10 50 Miethode abrégée et simple i et de vérifier les comptes courans d’intéréts réci- proqgues. 8yo. . = : ° : . “1°60 Melfort. Traité sur la Ganon ee fol. pl., beautifully engraved. - 500 Mfoigno (Abbe). Répertoire d’Optique. 4 vols. 8yo. Scarce. ; : eb te |) Traité de Télégraphie. Svo., and plates inl. 1852. - . - 375 Stereoscope et Pseudoscope. Svo, 1852 . 2 on - 050 Tenge. Application de l’Analyse ala Géométrie. 4to, 1852. : : - 10 00 Tioore’s Navigation Improved; to which is prefixed the Description and Use of the New Celestial Planisphere, by Thomas Kerigan, R.N. Svo.,clo. . fs - 450 Moseley (Rev. Hi.) Tho Mechanical Evtnelbles of Mppinesring and emer > 8yo. London, 1843. . : - 720 Illustrations of ae 12mo. Twat ‘ts4s, P = : - 2 8i% Oates (G.) Tables of Sterling Exchange, in which are shown the value of a Sterling Billin Federal Money. 4to. London, 1851. . ‘ - 550, Pambour. Traité théorique et pratique des machines i eeaeusiiaee. In-8 avec 65 gr. ph. . 275 Théorie des machines 4 yapeur. 1 vol. in-4, et atlas. . : . 13 00 Paris. Catéchisme du Mécanicien a vapeur, ou Traité des poaciines 8 a yapeut, de jour mon- tage, de leur conduite, &c., &c. Syo. Paris, 1851. . . 400 Peacocke (#.A.) Practical and Seperate ange in Hydraulics, 4to., plates, London, 1846. . - 225 Poinsot (Ni.) Réflexions sur les sonkiats die la Théorie dies ae on Ato, Paris 1845. 150 Eléments de Statique. 1848, avec planches, * F : ge Ge Théorie nouvelle de la Rotation des Corps. 4to. 1852. § - 300 Poisson. Traité de Mécanique. Seconde scape considérablement augment, 2 forts vol. in-8. 1833. s 2 » 475 Pontecoulant. Traité Abcacatakes ae! ares Céleste ou Précis dt Astronomia 8vo., half calf. . > . 250 Progress of Machinery and Manntactine 4 in Great Britain. Ato. Lionilon; 1846, - 630 Quetelet. Sur Vhomme et le ie sheen ares de ses facultés, ou Essai de Physique sociale. 2 vol. in-8, avec pl. ° : F 3 F . £00 Recueil Polytechnique des DOE et ee ee bois et forts shee &e., &e. 4to., ef. Paris, 1803. . . 250 Reid (W.) An attempt to develop the ee of Siarins by means of facts. Royal 8yo. London, 1850. . ° 3 50 — The Progress of the Apes of the ey of Storms and of the varie wats 8vo. London, 1849. 3 . F . = 2 2 Rennie (Sir Johm). The Theory, Formation, and Golistrustiin of British and Foreign Harbours. Illustrated by numerous examples. ‘Lar ge fol. to be completed in 20 numbers of text and plates. London, 1851. ° . 7 5 § 50 Rennie (G.) Practical Examples of Modern Tools and Machines; by Messrs. Maclea and March of Leeds, Whitworth of Maucheoler, and Garmalolng of DING &e. _BY0. text and fol. pl. London, 1842, 5 - 500 Saint-Ange et Le Blanc. Métallurgie pratique du fs, ou descriptions aig wisaiqas des Procédés de fabrication de la fonte “et du fer, 4to. text and atlas of a Paris, 1835-1838. : ‘ « 40 00 Schulteu (N. G.) Notes sur 135 Talaoamir infiniment-menna) répasitiag dans l’espace, suivant une loi analytique donnée. 4to. . ° . a . « 150 Sellon. Mémoires sur la fortification tenaillée et polygonale, et sur la fortification bastion- née. 4to. text, with an atlas of plates folio. Paris, 185@ ¢ . : 6 GO Mémorial de I’Ingénieur militaire, ou snelyee share des traces de fornoes permanente. 8yo., plates folio. Paris, 1849. - 10 50 Simms (J. W.) Public Works of Great Britain, consisting of Railwa ays, Rails, Tunnels, Bridges, Locomotive Engines, &c. 153 plates folio, half bound. London, 1846. - 23 00 Simpson (W.L.) Tables for oe the cost of Tron and other Substances sold by weight. 16mo. clo, ° . » 15 Sqanzin. An Elementary Course of Civil ‘Engineering. avo, Boston, 1837. . » 100 ——Oeeeee —— STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 43 Struve. Description de l’Observatoire Adwopeniaste Central de i 4to., and pl. 8t.-Pétersbourg, 1845. . : - 10 00 Waffe (A.) Application de la MGomsaetie aux iaaantie le itis en Deiiee 8yo. Paris, 1843. 1.50 Wate. On the Strength of Materials, specially applied to Tubular ErWleee, wrought Iron and cast Iron Beams, &e. 8vo. London, 1850, F 2 *R62 Wate (X.) Principles of Geometry, —— Trigonometry, Zand-surveying and Le- yelling. 12mo. London, 1851. . - 1123 Algebra made easy, 12mo, arta 1851; . - 060 Treatise on the first Elements of Arithmetic after the method of Pontelexsi 12mo. London, 1851. . 7 : i - - 045 Elements of Mechanism, cimathilings a familiar couiineitie of the construction of various kinds of Machinery. 12mo. London, 1851. 2 - ° - 060 Outlines of Experimental Chemistry. 12mo. London, 1850. . 0 45 ———_—— The First three Books of Euclid’s Elements of Geometry. 12mo. Tere, 1951. 0 45 —— The Principles of the Differential and Integral Calenlus. 12mo. London, 1849, 1 874 Thorel (J.H.A.) Arpentage et Géodésie pratiques. 4to., with atlas, 1843, - 1 Tredgold. A practical Treatise on the Strength of Cast sae and other metals 8yo. London, 1842. . - 38 622 Elementary Principles of Carpentry. 4to., hf nts London, 1840. . - 12 50 ‘Navigation. 2 vols. 4to., lf. morocco. London, 1851. : F Engines. 4to., hf morocco, London, 1850, : ° - 15 00 Valerius (B.) Traité théorique et pratique de la febsiestion de la Fbinte, accompagné d’un Exposé des améliorations dont cette industrie est susceptible. 8vo. text, "and 32 pl. fol. 16 50 Wega. Logarithmisch-trigonometrisches Handbuch. Syo. Leipzic, 1842. 4 - 300 Weisbach (J.) Principles of the Mechanics of Machinery and aay 2 vyolsa8vo. Illustrated with 100 wood engrayings. London, 1848. e - 750 White. A Practical Treatise on Weaving by Hand and Pet Loom. Sid Glasgow, 1846. 3 50 Wightwick (Geo.) Hints to Young Architects; with Illustrations, Syo. clo. . 238 Willis (R.) A System of Apparatus for the Use of Lecturers and Experimenters in Mechanical Philosophy. 4to., with three plates, London, 1851. Z ° - 150 Wright. Commentary.on Newton’s Principia, 2 vols. 8vyo. London, 1828, 7 - 600 Young (J.R.) Enclid’s Elements, the first Siw, and Eleventh and Twelfth Books, 12mo. London, 1844. . « 150 — —_—— Elements of the Differential Ghionie: cemaeealahie the Gonwus Theory of Curve Surfaces, and of Curves of Double Curvature. 12mo. London, 1836, . 275 Elementary Treatise on Algebra, theoretical and practical. 12mo. Pond 1844. 1 75 —— The Elements of eects) comprehending Statics and ad Dyna 12mo. Lon- don, 1832. : . ° - 800 —— Key to Algebra, = Spiller. 12mo. Lande, 1845. . . Lao — The Analysis and Solution of pe and tke Equations 12mo, Lon- don, 1842. C 3 * . - 16 Analytical Geematiy: 2 ae 12mo, Tagdin, 1838... . e - 425 Philosophy, Metaphysics, Art, Art Manufacture, Design, Architecture, Painting, Tlustrated Works, and Belles Lettres. Revue des Deux Mondes, ad 1852, Published on the Ist and 15th of each month, Subscription, per annum, - 10 0 In connection with this has been published the “ ANNUAIRE POLITIQUE, ‘uairrk. RAIRE, ET STATISTIQUE,” for 1850, forming one large volume of 700 pages, illustrated with beautifully executed Engravings of eminent statesmen and men of letters, Contain - ing the History of the Revolutions of 1848 and ’49, the History of each Government during the year 1850, the political, industrial, and literary movements in every part of the world, a history of scientific discoveries, historical notices of men who lave distinguished themselves, whether in politics, letters, or in science: with a critical essay on the present position of the European and American press. It is the intention of the publisher also to devote, to a yet farther extent than heretofore, 44 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, ' 3 a considerable space to the consideration of American Literature, Science, and Politics, im- partially and fairly treated—so that the American public will thus receive a complete European résumé of what is doing in their own country. Publishers who are desirous of having their publications noticed or reviewed in this journal will please send copies to Mr. -BAILLIERE. Having a wide European and Ame- rican circulation, a notice or reyiew must be of great value both commercially aud morally. Price of the Annuaire :—To subscribers to the Revue. J ° . + 150 To non-subscribers. s ° ° . - 2530 Album des Bords dela Loire. 4to,p. . 5 A - 400 Album de VExposition. Le Palais de Cristal, journal illustré de l’Exposition de 1851, &c. Numerous beautiful illustrations, folio, clo. 1851. ‘ é, 2 50 Alby (E.) Histoire des prisonniers ca en Afrique eicue la Sr 2 vols. in 1, 12mo., hf. bound cf. Paris, 1847. : - 150 Alhay (Mm. ) Histoire, types, ey et mysteres des Bagnes Ro. Brink hf. bound, red morocco. Paris, 1845. °. E ‘ - 400 Amard (L.V. IF.) Homme, ee et Dien, 2 vol. 8yo. Paris, 1844, * - 800 Amdre. Cuvres Philosophiques. 12mo, . : ° * . - 050 Amnuaire de bEconomie Politique. 1852. . . ‘ - 100 Armauwult. Cuyres Philosophiques. 12mo. : : . . 050 Arnoult (Wi. G.) Programme d’un Cours de Philosophie élémentaire. Syo, Paris. . 1 25 Arundale (F.) Examples and Designs of Verandahs, 26 engravings. 4to, London, 1851. 3 60 Ashpitel (A.) Anew and aprored Method of finding the lines for pee rails, &e. 4to. London, 1851. . * ° 2 ° . - 5 50 Audin. Viede Luther. 38 vol. ip, ° . . : ° , 2 623 Histoire de Calyin, 3vol.,12mo. . 4 . 5 ° « 2 62k Autour de la Table. Album dela chasse et dela péche. Illustré. 4to. . » 125 Bacqua (N.) Codes de la Législation Francaise. S8vo., hf, bound, green morocco, Pa- Bailey (Sam.) Discourses on various subjects. Syo. London, 1852. ° » 250 —— The Theory of Reasoning. 8vo. clo. nye . . - 200 Balfour. Sketches of English Literature. 12mo, London,1851. . f . 212% Balmes. Philosophie fondamentale. 2yol. 12mo. . P - . 175 Baizac (Hi.de) Petites miséres de la vie conjugale. TIlustrated, gilt clo., 8vo, Paris, 8 00 Barni (Jules). Examen de la critique dujugement. 8yo, Paris, 1850, -, » 0p, Barrett (B.) Gothic Ornaments, a series. Ro. 8vo. London. . . » 600 Barthoimess. Histoire Philosophique de Académie de Prusse, depuis Leibniz jusqu’a Schelling, particuliérement sous Frédéric-le-Grand. 2 vol. 8vo. Paris, LES1H a, - 800 Jordano Bruno, 2 vols. 8vyo. Paris, 1847. . “ : . - 800 Baynes (J. 8.) Logic, or the Art of Thinking; being the Port-Royal Logic. 12mo., clo. 1 87 An Essay on the New Analytic of Logical Forms. &yo., clo. . ° - 225 Bazim (MM. A.) Histoire de France sous Louis XIII et sous le ministére du Cardinal Ma- zarin, 4 vol. 12mo., - 8 50 Beattie (W.) Switzerland illustr ated in a series of views taken expressly for this work, Full bound in cf. 38 vols. 4to, London, 1839. : ° > - ote De Clinchamp (F.) Nouveau Traité fis la perspective co a l’usage des Tes et des Ecoles de Dessin. 4to. Paris, 1840, 2 : . 2 00 De la Gueronmniére. Portraits Politiques Caikanyutanhs Liv. 1 a 8, zien + Louis Napoléon ;—le Comte de Chambord ;—le Prince de Joinyille. Each. 2 - 025 Delamare. Archéologie de l’Algérie, publiée sous la direction d’une commission de l’Ins- titut de France. 3 beaux vol. grand in-4, renfermant 200 pl. . ° = . 80 00 De la Mottg (P.) Choice Examples of Art Workmanship, selected from the Exhibition of Ancient and Medieval Art at the Society of Arts. 4to. London, 1851. . « 750 Delecluze (E.G.) La Renaissance. 4 vols. 8vo. . j . - 600 De Roqguefort. Dictionnaire étymologique de la Langue Frangaise, précédé d’une dis- sertation sur ’Etymologique par Champollion-Figeac, 2 vols. 8yo. Paris, 1825. - 500 De Saillet (A.) Les Confessions d’un Ecolier. Syo. Paris, 1848 . 3 + 200 Dessin Linéaire (Cours corner de), avec et sans seine pil par un Institnteur Com- munal. 22 pl. fol. 2 ‘ ° s one Destutt (Comte de Tracy). Eléments @Tdéologie. 4 ote, Svo. i » 400 De Villeneuve (Bargemont). Histoire de ! Economie politiqu. 2 vols. 8vo. + 8 00 Diable a Paris. Paris et les Parisiens. 2 vols., ro. 8vo., clo. gilt. Paris, 1845, - 800 Dictionnaire de YVEconomie Politique, contenant par ordre alphabétiquo l’exposition des principes de la science, opinion des écrivains qui ont le pins contribué a 8a fondation et a ses progrés, la Bibliog aphie générale de V Economie politique par noms dauteurs et par ordre de matiéres avec des notices biographiques, et une appréciation rai- sonnée des principaux ouvrages, par une réunion d’économistes sous la direction de M. Charles Coquelin.—Le Dictionnaire de ’Economie politique formera deux yolumes trés- grand in-8 a deux colonnes, Chaque yolume d’environ 900 pages chacun, sera publié en 40 livraisons. Parliy. . ° . ° ° b . - 081 Diccionario de la Lengua it sich mp por la Academia Espamiola. 4to., half morocco. Paris, 1842. . ° . o . - 600 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 47 Dictionnaire de Commerce et des Marchandises, contenant tout ce qui concerne le commerce de terre et de mer, 2 vols, 4to. Paris, 184]. . . oy enero La sacra — 2ns contiene il Togee e il Nuovo Testamento. 18mo, Lon- a, 1850 : . . Diodore de Sicile. Bibliotheque Historique. 4 wl — “ Dudley (John). The Anti-Materialist, denying the Begity, of os and yihdiodiig the Universality of Spirit. Svo. London, 1849. . . Dufau (P.A.) Des Copales, Considérations sur l'état physique, moral et jntelleetu! 2me Edition, Svo. a Dufour (Ph.) Essai sur l’étude a cHeimee: 2 wits 8yo. 1850. * . Histoire de la Prostitution chez tous les peuples du monde, depuis Pantiquité la plus reculée jusqu’a nos jours. Lllustrée par 20 gravures, Vols. LandIL Per vol. : [The work will form 6 volumes Svo.] : Dumas (A.) Pauline et Paseal Bruno. 12mo. Paris, 1848 ; : Le Comte de Monte-Christo. 2 vols., ro. 8vo., hf. ef. Tlastrated. Paris, 1846. . Whe Eclipse of Faith, or a Visit to a Religious Sceptic. 8vo. . P » Edmond. Promenade sentimentale et pee au ean @hiver d’un papillon voya- geur. 18mo. Paris. . : Encyclopédie des Gens du Monde. Répertotre aiteeioal des Selene des Lettres et des Arts; par une société de savants, &c. 22 vols. ro. 8yo, Published at $53, offered at : . . Encyclopedia Metropolitana; 3 or eyatben of Diitvetaat Knowledge. New and revised edition, crown 8vyo. Each yolume complete in itself. Continued monthly. [The Revised Edition ofthe Encyclopedia Metropolitana is handsomely printed in a Series of Cabinet Volumes in Crown Octayo, on Long Primer Type. The whole work will be thoroughly revised, many New Treatises will be added, and the articles will all be provided with comprehensive Indexes, or with analytical Tables of Contents. It will be abundantly illustrated by Maps, Wood- cuts, and Engrayings. The Plan of the Work, the Names of the Contributors, and a detailed account ‘of the “Contents, are given in a Pros- pectus, which may be had gratis.] 1. Introductory Dissertation on the Science of Method, BY 8. T. Coleridge. With a Synopsis. 5th edit., clo. Price . : 2, Universal Grammar; or, the Pure Science of Language. By Sir in Stoddart, LL.D. Thoroughly revised. Price . . 8. Logic. By Richard Whateley, D. D. ‘azenninep of Dublin, The ctzinsl edition, com- plete, with a comprehensive Synopsis and an Index. Price: . 4, Rhetoric. By Richard Whateley, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin. The Original a complete, with a Synopsis and an Index. Price 5. History of the Christian Church. First Division: The Rise aul, Early Progress of Christianity. By Samuel Hinds, D.D., Bishop of Norwich. With a Dissertation on Miracles. By the Rey. J. H. Newman, B.D., Oxford. Price. C . . 6. Political Economy. By Nassau William Senior, Esq. . e 7. History of the Jews, from the Time of Alexander the Great to the Destruction of Jeru- salem by Titus. By the Ven. Archdeacon Hale. . & Sacred History and Biography, from the Antediluvian Period to the Pee of ts Prophet Malachi. By F. A. Cox, D.D., LL.D. Price . . 9. History of Greek Literature. By Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd, D.C.L.; Bishop Blomfield; the Rey. J. B. Ottley, M.A., Oriel College, Oxford; the Rey. Henry cole Ga M.A,, St. John’s College, Cambridge ; and E. Pococke, Esq. Price ‘ ‘ 10, Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy. By the Rey. Professor Maurice. Entirely Re- written. First Division: Ancient Philosophy. Price . > 11. Introduction to the Study of Universal a By Sir John Stoddart Kat, LL.D. Re-written. Price . ° 12. Roman Antiquities. By William Banibay, M ve Professor of Humanity in the Uni- versity of Glasgow. 140 woodcuts. Price PA i 18. Botany. By J. H. Balfour, M.D., F.LS., P.RS.E,, Professar of Medicine and Botany in the University of Edinburgh. 833 w oodeuts, Price . d 14, Electro-Metallurgy. A Practical Treatise on the Art. By James Napier, sq, F.C.S With 51 engravings. Price 15. Early History of Greece. By Mr. J ustice Talfourd, E. Pococke, sq, + and the Rev. J. B. Ottley. With 140 fine engravings. Price Photography ; including the recent Processes on Silver, Paper, Glam, &e, By Roberé Hunt, Esq., Professor of Mechanical Science in the headend of Practical Geology. With 50 engravings. Price . 17. Veterinary Art. By W. C. Spooner, Bag. Illustrated by numerous ‘ eniravinigal Price. 18. Early Oriental History (Egypt, Tafel Persia, Phrygia, sinsapeignt oe ee Professor 16. > Eadie. 140 engravings. Price 2 19. History of the Roman Begnpite, By Dr. pit Arnold, Mr. Justice Talfourd, ana others. 180 engravings. Price 5 20. Biblical Antiquities. By the Bey. Dr. Cox With 180 cuts, Price, 21. Metallurgy. By John A. Phillips, F.C.8. Witheuts . ° 4 $ ¢. 5 00 0 75 2 00 1 50 2 00 2 00 1 50 0 50 7 50 2 87 0 25 40 00 0 60 1 50 0 87} 1 00 1 75 1 12k 075 17 225 1 50 1 50 2 50 3 75 100 2 625 150 U 8T4 2 3% 2 50 2% 8 50 48 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. —_—_—_—_—_eannrseeee eh OO Ow {>= EO=Peeeeeeeeeee c. Engravings, after the Best Pictures of the Great Masters, Large AB, innate engraved, Etex (A.) Gaui exétiaittatres de deasin spplique a Parchitectare, a la ooulptaxe et ale peinture. 4to, Paris, 1851. ° . Evening Thoughts, by a Physician. nine ; ‘ J é '.°1 873 Existence (De 1’) en général; de celle de homme et de ses fins, par M. P. 8yo. - 100 Fau. The Anatomy of the External Forms of Man (for Artists). Edited by R. iY MD., with Additions. 8vyo. and 28 4to. plates. 1849. Plain. (Colored, $10.) 6 00 Ferrier (A.) Introduction al’ Etude Philosophique de la Phrénologie. 8yo. . - 050 Fichte. Méthode pour arriver a la Vie Fi eninge: traduite par Bouillier. 8yo. Paris, 1845, i Pee aS On the Natire of ‘the Scholar, and its Manifestations, actin clo. ° . Findem’s Views of the Ports, Harbors, pat easy Places of Great Britain, 2 vols, 4to. hf. morocco. London. . ‘ ° - ok Beauties of Moore. London, 1845. “9 yols, folio, morocco, Each vol . . 12 00 os = gta (WE. HI.) Histoire de l’Algérie aes les ferape anciens Joeate nos jours 8¥o. clo. Paris, 1842, - 1% Foster. Christmas with the Poca: a Gellection of au. Barok and Deseriptive Verses, relating to the Festival of Christmas. Svo, London, 1851. . . 750 Frégier. Des Classes Dangéreuses de la population dans les grandes villes, et és moyens de les rendre meilleures; ouvrage récompensé en 1838 par l'Institut de France (Academie des sciences morales et’ politiques) ; par A. Frégier, chef de Burean a la Préfecture de la Seine. Paris, 1840. 2 beaux volumes in-8. ° . [L’ouyrage que nous annongons touche aux intéréts les phis' graves as la société; il se rattache tout a la fois a la physiologie, 4 ’hygiéne et a économie sociale; car, a c6té de la population riche, a c6té des classes laborieuses et des classes pauyres, les grandes villes renferment forcément des classes dangéreuses. L’oisiveté, le jeu, le yagabondage, la prostitution, la misére, grossissent sans cesse le nombre de cenx que la police suryeille et que la justice attend. Ils habitent des quartiers particuliers, ils ont un langage, des habi- tudes, des désordres, une vie qui leur est propre.—L’administrateur y tronvera non seule- ment des documents et des traits de meeurs peu connus jusqu’ici sur les classes dangereuses et misérables qui foisonnent dans la ville de Paris, et qui existent également dans les autres capitales du monde civilisé; mais encore des détails sur la classe vicieuse lettrée, détails curieux a cause du réle que ’Vintelligence j joue dans la dépravation des individus qui com- posent cette classe. Il pourra juger “des précautions et des moyens répressifs employés par Yautorité publique pour garantir Vordre intérieur de cette grande cité, ainsi que la streté de ses habitants et de leurs propriétés.] Freytag BG, heraie Lexicon Arabico-Latinum ex eee sno Faia 4to. Halis Saxo- num, 1 Fourier (Charles). The Saran of is iene Soul, with Critical Atndiationcill a Biography of Fourier, and a General Intreduction by Hugh Doherty. 2 vols. 8vo., clo. 5 00 Flowers of Loveliness. 36 groups of Female aaah emblematic of BN a Ato. morocco. London. a - 12 00 Fox (W.J.) Lectures addressed chiefty to ‘the Working Cie 4 er dee clo. » 600 Gailhabaud. L’Architecture du Ve au XVIe siécle, et is arts amt en dependent See 3 50 10 00 4to., with magnificent illustrations. Price per liv. . 0 50 [To be completed in about 150 liy.] Galleria di Toscano. Magnificent plates, folio, hf. morocco. 3 a - 800 Garnier et Gillaumin. Annuaire de eeateoms pollisane et dela tenia 71% 18mo. Paris, 1850 et 1851. Each. 1 00 Gartmer (Ff. von). eeleekinmaghe Tanti zu Pracht: u. Civil- Gebiinden, Fol. Pl Munich, 1846. . * 1 75 Gautier. Italia. tein 3 Paris, 1852. 7 1 00 Gauthier. Histoire du Somnambulisme chez tous les peuples. 2 vols. 8vo. 2 50 Gavarni. Le Tiroir du Diable, Paris et les Parisiens. Ro. Syo., hf. morocco. Paris. . 6 00 — —— Cuvres choisies. 2 vols. 8vo., hf. morocco, Paris, 1846. 12 00 Gehrke. Muster-Sammlung der es modernsten Bau- und Meubleseaah ara Folio plates. Berlin, 1840. . ‘ . 8 00 Genoude, Histoire d’une ime. eyas hf. of Paris, 1844... “ 1 25 Biographie sacrée, ou histoire des sip cités dans V Ancien et le Nouveau Testament. 8yvo., hf. ef. Paris, 1844. , - 200 —— Legons et modeéles de Littérature sacrée. Ro. 8yo., hf, bound. "Parts, 1837. . 400 8 75 Genoulhiac. Histoire du dogme catholique. 2 vols. 8vo. . 3 waenedean. Histoires et ihage ernie et maximes de 1Evangile médité. 12mo. Paris, 1845. ‘ . 087 Gisors. Le palais du mxenibonre, fondé pat Marie iis Médicis. 8vo. Paris, 1847, Godescara. Les vies des Saints Péres et Martyrs. Ro. 8vo., illustrated, half morocco. ° Paris, 1846... F A . : 6 00 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 49 a ee ee ee SO ea = 4 d $c Gouin (E.) L’Egypte au XIXe Siécle. Histoire militaire et politique, anecdotique et pittoresque. Ro. 8vo. half morocco. Paris, 1847. . . ° ‘ » 350 Grandville. Scénes de la vie ie et publique des Animaux. 2 vols, rove 8yo., clo. Paris, 1844. : 3 . 9 00 Graslin. De l’Ibérie, ou Essai oniigawe sur l’origine des premiéres populations de PEspa- gne. 8vo. hf. cf. Paris, (3: ee 2 1259 Greg (WV.R.) The Creed of Re its foundations And superstructure Byo, Lon- don, 1851. 2 . 3 00 Gruyer (L.A i, Peineipes de Philosophie Physique: 8vo. Bans, 1945, i - ie —— Des causes conditionnelles et productrices des Idées. Syvo. Paris, 1844. » oe ——-— Essais Philosophiques, suivi de la Métaphysique de Descartes. 4 vols. 8vo. - 500 Guizot. Corneille and his Times. 8vo. 1852, a s = . 400 Histoire de la Civilisation en France ideppis ly chute de Empire Romain. 5 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1851, : : - 375 —— Histoire de la Civilisation e en France. 4 vols. Ce ee i851. P - 390 —— Washington. Fondation de la Henuphane des = hid Unis d’Amé€rique. 2 bas 8yvo. Paris, 1851. - 5 3 : 3 00 Gurney. Historical Sketches. 12mo, London; 1852. . . . - 225 Gwilt (J.) Encyclopedia of Architecture, Historical, Theoretical and Practical, illustrated with more than one thousand engravings on wood by Branston. Second edition, with a supplemental View of the Symmetry and Stability of Gothic Architecture. 8yo.clo. . 14 00 Wall (J.€.) Gems of European Art: the Best Pictures of the Best Schools. 2 habia 4to. ay: hf. morocco. London, 1846. = 3 0 00 Hall (Mirs.S$.C.) Sketches of Irish eee: Ro. 8yo. aie eta es 1844, - 350 Hamilton (Sir W.) Discussions on layin and Filthratiesy Education and Uni- versity Reform. 8yvo. . P “ . 5 00 WMamiilton (A.) Mémoires du Comte de Grateannt 2 vols. 12mo. 1818 ® - 100 Ware (The brothers). Guesses at Truth. 2vols.12mo. London,1851. . - 3 88 Waureau (B.) De la Philosophie Scolastique. 2 vols. 8vyo. 1850, . - 400 Hay (D. RB.) . The Geometric Beauty of the Human Figure defined. 4to. fnithit 1851. 8 624 Hearne and Byrne. Antiquities of Great Britain. Oblong 4to. London. . 80 00 Weath (C.) The Holy Gospels, with numerous Illustrations on wood. 4to. London, 1849. 7 50 Weideloff (Carl). Les Ornements du woah Age. Beautiful plates. 26 nae are NOW published in 4to. Per part 1 25 Hewell’s Yiiscreres in Exeter ‘Cathedral. 20 eareiplons Aili clo. pth pial 1849. .... 2.50 Hiistoire Universelle par Burette, Dumont, Gaillardin, et Magir, 12mo. Paris, 1848. — Histoire Ancienne. 3 vols. . Fi . . . 3 2 624 — “ Romaine. 3vols. . : . F . . 2 623 — “ Moyen Age. 3 vols. . ’ . : ° » 2 622 — « Moderne. 2 vols. . ° : : 3 = ~ 17 — “* deFrance. 2 yols. . : . - c ° VIF Wiistoire des Peintres de toutes les Ecoles. This work gives a memoir of the celebrated Painters of every school, each memoir headed by a Portrait of the Subject, and illustrated by one or more reproductions of his chefs-d’ceuyre—faithfully and beauti- fully engraved. At the end of each memoir is given a list of his principal works, in what galleries of Europe they are to be found, fac-similes of their EpPOGrHBEES marks, &e., &e. 82 parts are now published, in folio. Each part . ° 20125 Wiistoric tllustrations of the Bibles pringipally Ps the Old Masters. 4to., igh . 125 full ef. London. Hiittorff (J.3.) Les Anibouilisa de V Attique, Holto, fine ph Paris, 1832, ‘ - 400 Hoefer. Nouvelle Ricgrathic Universelle. Now publishing, To be completed in 82 vols. Price per vol. : 0 874 Hogarth. Complete Works, infeluding the three Suppressed Plates. Folio, elegantly hf. bound in morocco, splendid copy. 7 7 F Hloussaye (Arséne). Gallerie des Portraits. 2 volt: 19h: e * Pe —— — Philosophes et Comédiennes. 12mo. ’ - 0 87h ——— Voyage dma fenétre. Ro. 8vo. Paris, 1852. Cloth silt very baadannest (Or in paper, $3, 50.) : ‘ . 400 Mew it A Wim.and Mary). Titeatiors of Montlidien Burope 2 yols. Syo, Lon- ven don, 1 Metis (C.) Cortaapdfidavies des avs, Leibnitz, Ato. he bound. Hague, 1883. . 8 50 Humboldt (A.de). Cosmos, essai d'une Segerintion physique du monde. Paris, 1846- 1849. Tomes 1 et 2, in-8. Prix de chaque P u - . Hunt (K.) Panthea, the Spirit of Nature. Svo. clo, ' “ - 800 Jacob. Récits historiques ala jeunesse, Illustrated, gilt cloth, 8vo. Paris, 1844, - 250 50 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Jacob et Lere. Le livre d’or des métiers. Histoire des Corporations onvriéres et des Communautés des marchands. Illuminated plates and woodcuts. 133 Nos, now pub- lished, at, each. : “yo : . . ‘ ° - 008 [To be completed in 200 parts.] ; Jarry de Mancy. Atlas historique et chrenologique des Littératures anciennes et modernes, des Sciences et des Beaux-Arts. Folio, Paris, 1831. . . 500 Javari(A.) Dela Certitude, onvrage couronné par l'Institut. 8yo. Paris, 1847, ..2 00 De l’'idée du Progrés. 8vo. Paris,185. . H - - 100 Jenkins and Hosking. A Selection of Architectural and other Ornaments: Cees Roman, and Italian, drawn T from the Originals, 4 parts, folio. ‘ . 4 50 Importance of Literature to Men of Business. 12mo, 1852. . ‘ e, Ay 50 iestrucGon p pour le npr aess Cent Traités sur les connnibsaniods le plus indispen- — sables. 7 s Journal ef Desigit ana Maiwtattares:’ Syo. pore 1851, é - 225 Jules Jamim. L’ane mort. Ilustré par Tony Jchannot. Ro. 8yo., half morocce. Paris, 1842. 2 : = s - ’ A - - 850 — La Normandie. Illustrated ro. 8ye., half morocco. . - - - 700 La Bretagne. 4 - 700 Karr (A.) Voyage autour de mon fe! Illustrated 8yo., ats: Paris, 1851. : : 650 Kerairy. Inductions morales et physiologiques. 12mo., halfcf. Paris, 1851. . . 112} Kitto (John). Cyclopedia of Biblical Literature. Illustrated by numerous neeaipaain 2 vols. ro. 8vo. London,1851l, . - ; - 10 00 Knight (C.) Cyclopedia of London. Syo. Taaridie! 1851. . . ° . 250 Labacco. Collection of Architectural Plates of Roman Buildings. Folio. 4 - £50 Laborde (Le Comfe A. de). se ancien et moderne. re 8yvo., morocco. Paris, 1835. ao Ee Laboulaye. Titiinaaied des ee et Maseriectnicee: Beeanip dition, are 8,000 ce yures. To be completed in 30 parts, per part . C . 0 50 Lafontaine. Fables illustrées. 8yo., clo. Paris, 1851. i 5 3225 Lamartine. Histoire des Girondins. 4 vols. 4to., illustrated with portraits, hf, morocco, Paris, 1848. : : * ° . 17 50. Cuvres eousplates 8 yol. 12mo., bf cf. 1848, e . bec - 800 - ———_——. Trois mois au pouvoir. 12mo. Paris, 1848 . . ° . - O73 Histoire de la Restauration. Vols. I. to VI, ro. 8vo. . . . « 12% — Or half bound in Paris, per vol. . Pe eeie ° . . - 1% — Leméme. 12mo.. . ° . . ° - 0 624 Latham (R.G.) The English peers 8rd edition, 8vo. London, 1850. ,. . £25 The Germania of Tacitus. 8yo. . A ~ - ° - 875 Laurent. Histoire de sac tgt si paghii a par H. Vernet. 8yo. hf. morocco. Paris, 1840. : - 750 Lavalilee (T.) Histoire des eas depuis le temps des Gaulois jusqaven 1990, 2 vols. ro. 8yo., hf. morocco, Paris, 1845. - 10 50 Laya. Etudes sur la vie de M. Thiers. Histoire de 15 ans, 1830-1846, 2 vols. sve: - 200 Ledoux (C.N.) L’Architecture considérée sous le rapport de ]’Art, des Mceurs, et de la Législation. 2 vols. folio, hf. cf. Paris, 1804. . . - 10 00 Ledru Roliim. La Décadence de l’Angleterre. 8yo. $2,50, for “ . - 100 Leduc. Le nouvel ami des enfants. 2 vols. 12mo., hf. cf. Paris, 1847. F « 225 Lemoinne (John), Etudes critiques. 12mo. . Z - + eek deee Le Monde a vol @oisean, Tablettes univyerselles. Ro, Syo., hf morocco, Paris, 1843. 3 00 Leroux (Pierre). Delhumanité. 2vyols.8vo. Paris. . . . 8 00 Le Roux de Lincy. Histoire de l’Hétel de Ville de Paris, suivie d’un essai sur le gou- * yernement municipal de cette ville. 4to. Paris, 1846. o ‘ - 200 Le Sage. Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane. Ro. 8yo., illustrated, fancy, clo. Paris, 1846. 4 00 Le Diable Boiteux. Illustré par soe Johannot. Royal 8yo., half morocco. Paris, 1842. i ; ‘ - 800 Levacher. Guide médical des Antilles et des régions intortropieales, Syo., half calf. Paris, 1840, ; ER Lewis (G.C.) On the Methods of Observation end Reasonine in Politics. 2 yolames 8yvo. 1852, 3 : ° : ° - 800 Lezaud (P. L.) Résumés Phitlosoptiques, Qe Edit., i Aa Hephed aa Helvé- tius, Rousseau. Syo. Paris, 1851. . - 100 Limmner (Luke). Suggestions in Design for the Use of Artists and Arhapeesnens con- taining hints for Workers in Metal, Wood, Ivory, Glass, Teather and the Printer, Foor, Engraver, &e, 4to, Each part, containing 4p ates 4 0 30 . i i rr STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. Littré. Conservation, Révolution et Positivisme, 12mo. Paris, 1852. A = Le Livre @’Or des Metiers. Histoire des corporations ouvriéres, communantés, ju- ramdes et confréries des métiers et des marchands en France. [Splendide édition, illustrée de 40 peintures, miniatures, et 4,000 gravures intercalées dans le texte.] To be completed in 6 yols., ro. 8vo., in 200 livraisons, at, each 4 s : Lodge (E.) Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain. 8 volumes 12mo., cloth. London, 1849. : X é : 3 d London and its Vicimity. 12 Views, beautifwly colored. Oblong 4to. . “ Eucas (C.) Dela Réforme des Prisons ou de la théorie de ’emprisonnement. 8 vols. 8yo. hf, cf, Paris, 1836. : A : ! : F , Lurime (iL.) Les Rues de Paris, anciennes et modernes, 2 vols. in 1, ro. Syo., hf. moroe. Paris, 1844. ° chs : - ‘ ; . Luther (La Chambre de) au Chateau de Cobourg. Folio, with 5 plates. . . Mackay (R. WY.) The Progress of the Intellect, as exemplified in the Religious Deve- lopment of the Greeks and Hebrews. 2 vols. Svo., clo. Z - . . MfeCulloch. A Dictionary Practical, Theoretical, and Historieal of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. New edition, much enlarged. Svo. London, 1852. . H MicGauley (Rey. 5.) «Lectures on Natural Philosophy. 2 vols. Syo. Y H Maddock (5. WW.) Somnolism and Psycheism; or, the Science of the Soul and the Phenomena of Nervation, as revealed by Vital Magnetism or Mesmerism. 8yo., clo. is Marmier (X.) Etudes sur Goethe. 8yo. : : = 5 ~ Marquet Vasselot. Examen historique et critique des diverses théories péniten- tiaires. 5 vols. 8yo. Paris, 1835. 5 . 5 F E Martineau and Atkinson. Letters on the Laws of Man’s Nature and Deyelop- ment. 8yo., clo. r 2 F » f : Martimeau (James), Endeayors after the Christian Life. 2 vols. 12mo., clo. 2 Miatthhiac. Manuel de Philosophie, traduit par M. H. Poret. Syo. Paris. ° . Mayer (A.) Des rapports conjugaux, considérés sous le triple point de yue de la popula- tion, de la santé et de la morale publique. Svo. Paris, 1851. ° 5 A Mayo (H.) On the Truths contained in Popular Superstitions, with an Account cf Mes- merism. 12mo.,clo. . é : P ~ : - Memorie della Gran Cupola del Fempio Vaticano. Folio. Padova, 1748. Mienche de Loisne. Influence de la Littérature Francaise. 8yo. . . ° TWierimee (Prespére). Nouvelles. 12mo. Mietzger. Vorlegeblitter zur Zimmerwerkkunde. 4to., beautiful pl, Munich, 1847. s Mexico EHllustrated, in 26 Drawings, by Philipps and Rider, with descriptive letter- press in Spanish and English. Folio. London, 1848. : . 5 Miichelet (J.) Histoire de la Révolution Frangaise. Vols. 1 to 4 and 5, part I, 8yo. Paris, 1847-1851. é 3 2 ' Miigmet. Histoire de Marie Stuart. 2 vols. 8vo. 1851. 2 : é $ Miller. The Poetical Language of Flowers, or the Pilgrimage of Love. 12mo. London, 1847. Silk. (Morocco, $5.) . = ; - é . d Mithra (Recherches sur le Culte public et les Mystéres de) en Orient et en Oecident, par M. F. Lajard, membre de I’Institut. 3 vols. 4to, accompagnés d’un Atlas folio, contenant 110 planches. : : ‘ 3 x : gece oheplstrr (NE. de). Essais, avec des notes de tous les commentateurs. 8yo., hf. calf. Monteil (A. A.) Histoire des Francais des divers Etats, ou Histoire de France. 5 vol 8vo. Mionteclieu. Les Chateaux Suisses, Anciennes anecdotes et chroniques.. 3 yols. 12mo. Paris, 1835. ‘ F oe w i . : Montholon. Récits de la captivité de Napoléon a Sainte Héléne. 2 vols. 8yo. Moore (T.) Lalla Rookh, an Oriental Romance. 8vo. London, 1851, Clo. (Mor., $8.) Moores’s Irish Melodies, illustrated by Maclise, R. A. Royal 8vo., cloth. London, 1851. (Morocco, $15.) F ‘ F . R 5 . Moralistes Francais. Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyére, Vauvenargnes, &e, Ro. &vo., hf. morocco. Paris, 1847. . - . j Morell (3..) The Philosophy of Religion. Svo. London, 149, » LE . . Mosaique (La). Nouveau Magasin Pittoresque Universel. 4to., hf. morocco, Paris, 1844. Moseley (Joseph). Political Elements. 8yo. 1852. = ° r Le Moyen Age et la Renaissance. This work is now complete in 6 vols. 4to., divided into 250 livraisons, each livraison containing one illuminated engraving, and one steel engraving, with numerous woodcuts interspersed with the text, representing the manners and customs (civil and religious), all objects and instruments relating to the arts, 0 08 11 00 6 25 18 00 3 00 1 37 1 00 3 50 62 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. $e. or sciences, every great work of architecture, sculpture, painting, engraving, pottery, — designs on glass, furniture, &c. &c., of the Middle Ages, gic by and apsccchye with the greatest care. . . Murphy (Jas.) Pins, Miagationk &e., of the Chureh me Batalha in Estremadura in Portugal. Magnificent plates folio. 1795. : ° Le Miusee dans un Fauteuil. Album orné de 24 grayures reprodeay un des plus beaux tableaux des Ecoles Francaise, Flamande, et «1123 Peschiers. Histoire de la Philosophie allemande, 2 vols. 8yo. 4 . - 200 Phillips (George). Rudiments of Curyilinear Design, illustrated by a Series of plates in varions Styles of Ancient and Modern Ornament, with text. Folio. London. - 12 00 Piawilt. De l’existence uniy omelle, de celle de l'homme en société, et 3 ses ae Svo., hf. bound. Paris, 1848. Mi 6 » 200 Pictorial Museum of Animated Nature. 2 yols. 4to., hf. morocco. “honda. 13 00 Pigauit Lebrum. (Cuvres choisies. 5 vols. 12mo., hf.cf. Paris. Per vok . - 1.12} Pitre-Chevalier. La Bretagne, ancienne et moderne. Ro. 8yo., hf. morocco. Paris, 7 50 Bretagne et Vendée, histoire de la Réyolution Nae dans Ouest. Ro. ht hf. morocco. Paris. 4 , 7 50 Pliaton (Les cuvres de). anedie Edition, scncteteestiba as notes, d'areumenile et de tables analytiques. 2 vols. ro. 8vo., hf. bound. Paris, 1845. . ‘ ay A) Plission (Ff. EE.) Les Mondes, ou Essais Philosophiques sur les conditions des Etres organisés dans notre systéme planétaire. 12mo., hf. bound. Paris, ) 847. ° 1 124 Pococke (E.) India in Greece, or Truth in Mythology. 8yvo. London, 1852. . - 200 Polybe. Histoire générale. 8 vols. 12mo, . ; 3 4 ‘ 1 50 Popp und Buelan. Die Architectur des Mittelalters in Regensburg. Dargestellt durch den Dom, die Jacobskirche, die alte Pfarre, &c., &e. 6 parts, large folio, beautiful plates. 6 00 Proudhon. Idée de la Réyolution, 12mo. 4 5 ; - 075 Pugin. The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture, 4to. Lette 1841, . 450 Quinet(E.) Le génie des Religions. 2nd edition, 12mo. Paris, 1851. ; 1 00 Radcliffe (C..) The Philosophy of Vital Motion. 8vo. London, 1851. . i) Raphael (Les Vierges de). Folio. Paris. Publishing in parts, at : » 200 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS, Cc. Recherches Statistiques sur la Ville de Paris et le Département de la Reine Pub- lished by the Government, 5 vols. 1823, 26, ’29, ’33, and 44. a - 10 00 Beghellini. Examen de la Religion Chrétienne et de la Religion Juive. 3 vols, €yo. . 200 Regmault (E.) Histoire de huit ans, 1810-1848, faisant suite a a a de dix Wie: 1830- 1840, par Louis Blane. Vols. 1 and 2, 1851. Per vol. 7 125 Reid (Thomas) Works of, with Notes, Preface, &., by Sir W. Hamilton, 2nd edit. 8vo. 7 50 BWeminiscences of Thought and —_—— ei the author of Friends in Council, 12mo. 1852. é ae BWemusat (C.) Essais de Philosophie. 2 a sh hf, cf. Paris, 1842, . - 425 Passé et Présent, mélanges. 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1847, e ~ « 1:58 Wemouires (C.) Manuel de Philosophie ancienne. 2 vols. 12me, Paris, 1844. 1 — Leméme, 2vols.eni. 12mo., half bound. Paris, 1844, i 4 - 200 aa Sica _— Etudes sur les Rebragery ou Apsialistey modernes, 2 volumes 12mo, Paris, 184 Cl ea ic Se (Ce Je) A Collection of Ornaments i in the Antique Style 38 pints, 4to. London, 1816. . - 200 Studies of Ornamental Desig. Tarinated a Fol., hf. morocco, Londat 1851. 25 90 Hichomme (Yime. F.) Paris monumental et bastardy Mepis son origine jusqu’a 1789. Syo.clo. Paris, . ° é - &75 RRitter (H.) Histoire de la Philosophie. 4 care ea 1835. ° . - 600 ——— Géographie générale comparée, ou étude de la terre dans ses rapports avec la nature et avec Vhistoire de "homme. 8 vols. 8yo. Paris, 1836, rs s + 600 Rittiez. Science des droits, on idéologie politique. Svo. bf. bound. Paris, 1844, » 123 BRobert. Histoire de la Classe Ouvriére, depuis l’esclave jusawag PERC de nos jours, 4 vols. ro. Syo. hf. bound. Paris, 1850. 3 . 700 Roget (Peter Mark). Thesaurus of English “Words aad Pine, classified and arranged so as to facilitate the expression of ideas and assist in literary composition. Svo, 4 00 ollim (@nvres complétes de), avec notes et éclaircissements, sur les sciences, les arts, l'industrie et le commerce des Anciens, 7 vols. ro. Syo., and atlas, Paris, 1845. - 16 00 Les Romans Illustrés, anciens et modernes. 8 vols, ro. 8vo., gilt clo, Each vol. 3 00 Fromberg (A.) Der Stadtbau oder Anweisung zum Entwerfen yon Gebauden aller Art. Syo, text, 10 parts, oblong folio, pl. Leipzig. : . . - 700 Romiewu (Mi. A.) Fragments scientifiques, 12mo, Paris, 1847. ‘ F - 050 Wothman. Ornamente aus den Bauwerken Miinchens. 8 Respite illuminated piahots Large folio, at, per plate 0 50 Reousselot (X.) uyres piiiorapiaues aa Vanni, 12mo., hf. bound. Paria 1842. . 1 12h Etudes sur la Philosophie dans le Moyen Age 3 vols. 8yo, Paris, 1840. . 450 Hutter. Magnetoid Currents. 12mo., plates, London, 1852, = - - 075 Ryan, The Philosophy of Marriage, in its Social, Moral, and Physical Relations; with an Account of the Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Organs, with the Physiology of Genera- tion in the Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms, 4th edition, ereatly improyed, 1 yol. 12mo, London, 1843. - 150 Sacy. Les Evangiles de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. Ro. Gyo,, hf. morocco, Parla, 1837. 5 00 Les Saintes Evangiles, suivies des Actes des + lak pa des are et de ae sa lypse. Ro. 8vo., illustrated. Paris, 1847. . . 500 Sainte-Beuve (C. A.) Derniers portraits littéraires, 12mo, Paris, 1852. . - 0 874 Salverte (E.) Des Sciences occultes, ou Hegel sur la magie, les prodiges et les miracles, Ro. 8yo. Paris, 1845. . 200 ach ih ial pout: (A.) - Theory on the Classfleation of Beauty aad Deformity, Ro, 8yo., hf. cf. London, 1815. . 8 00 Schinkel. Werke fir hohere Bankunst Oblong folio, ‘boaatiully colored piston, Potsdam, 1840, - 12 00 Schinid (Chanoime), Contes ain Sivesuans par Basan, Ro. 8vo., hf. cf. Paris, 1843. 6 DO Scudo. Critique et Littérature musitales. 12mo. 1852, F ‘ . 100 Sedgwick (A.) A Discourse on the Studies of the University of Cambridge. 8yo., clo, 8 50 Sevigne oes de), Lettres choisies a; & sa fille et A ses amis, 12mo., half calf. Paris, 1847. ‘ . & 7b. 1S Siebold. Japan and the Japanese, in the 19th Cutie: 12mo. 1852, Pad de Silvio Pellico. Mes Prisons, are du aleeooy a les dey oirsdeshommes. Ro. 8yo., hf. morocco. Paris, 1843. b . 495 Skidmore. Designs of Stones, aie Verantaiid Railings, es 4to, Lidiehe - 850 Smee (A.) The Process of Thought adapted to Words and Language. 8yo, London, 1851. 1 75 Instinct and Reason, deduced from Electro-Biology, 8vo. London, 1850. + 3 123 54 STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 3 o. Smith (J.S.) Soeial Aspects. 8vo. London, 1850, hs . ¥ » 150 « Local Self-Government and Centralization; the characteristics of each; and its Practical Tendencies, as affecting Social, Moral and Political Wislire and meet ‘ineluding Outlines of the English Constitution, 8yo. clo. 2 2 50 Smith (W.) Memoir of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. 12mo., clo. P 3 ¢ 125 Smnith’s Philosophy of Health. 2 vols. 18mo. 5 ‘ : ‘ + 250 Southey (R.) The Doctor. Complete in one yol. 8vo. London, 1849. 2 - 600 Spencer (H.) Social Statics; or, the Conditions essential to Human Si ray specified, and the first of them developed. 8yvo0. clo. H - 850 Stars and the Earth. The Stars and the Earth: or, Thoughts upon Space, Time and Eternity. 4th edition, eighth thousand. 2 parts in L 18mo. London, 1850. . 0 25 State of YEan, subsequent to the Promulgation of Christianity. 3 vols.18mo. London. 8 873 Stebbing (H.) The Christian Graces in Olden Time. Ro. 8yo. London, 1852. - 600 The Christian in Palestine, or peones of Sacred Histon, Historical and peepee Aes 4to. cf. London. - - 13 50 Steim (Fh.) Das Krankenhaus ne Taki nissah-Amwtalt Betbanien zu 1 Berlin, With 15 plates, 4to. Berlin, 1850. - 475 Stewart (Dugald). ‘Bsquisses de Philosophie morale, tinilitites par :T. Touktroy: pane 1 00 Thiers. Histoire du Consulat et del’Empire. Vols. 148, 8vo. Per vel. 7 - 125 Plans et Cartes pour histoire du Consulat et de Empire. Liy. 1 to 7, folio. . 700 Whierry. Recueil d’escaliers en pierre, charpente, &c. 4to, engravings. Paris, 1840. . 1 00 Thomas (Wm.) Designs for Monuments and Chimney*Pieces. Ro. 8yo. London, 1848, ane, e (B.) Mythology and Popular Traditions of ee eel North Comma, and | : : : etherlands. 8 vols. Syo. A wie ... pane (A. PB.) Discours Philosophiques ‘@Epictete. 8vo. Paris, 1838, - 100 Tiberghien. Essai théorique et mremane sur la Saarabg des connaissances eas &e. 2 vols. ro. 8vo. Bruxelles, 1844. é : 38 00 Tissot (P. J.) Anthropologie spéculative ates de, 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1845. . . 800 ——— Lecons et modéles de Littérature pgp: ancienne et moderne. 2 yols. ro. sie ey hf.cf Paris, 1835. 1 aq F i - 9 00 Topffer (H.) Nouvelles Geaerisen Ro. 8vo.. : 3 - 250 Toulmin (€.) Lays and Legends illustrative of English Life. 4to. Bowel 1845, - £00 Tremadcure (lie. S.A.) La Pierre de Touche. 8vo. - , ay la Trendall (£. W.) Monuments, Cenotaphs, Tombs, Tablets, &c. 4to. London, 1850. 6 00 Triumphal Arch of Augustus. Magnificent folio has. giving in brs ei celebrated Piece of Architecture. Folio. Rome, 1690. 8 00 Troplong. Le pouvoir de ]’Etat sur l’enseignement. 8yo. . Pee i) Truth and Error or, the Union of Truth the Destruction of aise. 12mo. London, 1843. ‘ . 0 62% Twining (L.) eoesle and gt of tay and Medieval Christian Art ae with plates. ‘ 9 00 Varin. L’Empire des Pe rate Minpivee he Cnenrbitus Ter. = asa cit Paris, - TOV Venus (Recherches sur le Culte, les Symboles, les Attributs, et les Monuments figurés de) en Orient et en Occident, par M. I’. Lajard, membre de lini 1 yol. 4to., aecompagne d’un Atlas contenant 40 planches. 3 x . 24 00 Vericour (Be). Historical Analysis of Christian Civilization. 8vo. clo. * - 800 Versailles (Chateau de). Les Plans, Profiles et ue or avec les Bosquets et Fontaines, &e. 2 vols. folio, magnificent pl: ites, 5 a Vestiges ef Civilization 5 or, the ae of gab Religions —_— Political, and Philosophical. f2mo.clo. . 150 Viardot (Le) Les Musées ee enews et mémento de l’artiste et du oe 12mo. Paris, 1842. - 0% Vico. La Waivube ea 12mo. i " ; 3 ‘ . 0 8% Vie des Saints, avec la vie de Hoty Seigneur Teepe Christ. 4 vols. in 2, ro. 8vo., half moroceo. Paris. - he | The Village nies or, oe in the Country, by T. Miler, With 6 water-color ° drawings. 4to. clo. London, 1852. . . 850 Satay Sad be gerced de), ao. dune notice sur la vie de auteur. Syo., half calf. _ Paris, 1847. é f ; 3 : f*1 05 Voucand, Les artisans mead Ro. 8yo., hf. morocco. « Paris, 1841. : . $8 Voyage Pittcresque en Espagne, en Portugal, et sur toute la cite d’Afrique, de ‘anger 4 Tétouan, par M. le Baron Taylor, 8 vols, 4to., renfermant prés de 200 planches. 50 00 CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. ON THE Natural, Cract, and Syplicd Sciences. EMBRACING ¢ MEDICINE, PHYSICS, SURGERY, ; NATURAL HISTORY, ANATOMY, MECHANICS, © PHYSIOLOGY, MATHEMATICS, CHEMISTRY, ENGINEERING, : THE MICROSCOPE, AND ALSO ON PHILOSOPHY AND BELLES LETTRES, IMPORTED AND FOR SALE BY EX. BATUOIDIERE, 290 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 219 Regent Street, London, and Rue Hautefeuille, Paris. Pep a DEPOT OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, MANUF ACTURED BY CHARRIERE, OF PARIS. Catalogues of which may be had on application. © VALUABLE WORKS OF PRACTICAL SCIENCE, Library of Illustrated Standard Scientific Works, Beautifully printed and Illustrated. Original London Editions at the price of the Reprints, PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE USE OF THE MICROSCOPE. -: By John Queckett. Third edition, with additions, aud illustrated with 12 steel plates and 306 wood «engravings. + 8vo. Price reduced to $5. . THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HEAVENS. By Professor J. P. Nichol, LL.D. ae Bani! entirely revised and greatly enlarged, with 23 steel plates and numerous woodcuts. 8yo rice i ! ol. IL. of TECHNOLOGY, OR CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS AND TO MANUFACTURES. By Drs. Knapp, Ronalds and Richardson. With 9 folio colored plates and 129 woodcuts. 8vo. Price $5. Vols. I. and IL, $7 50. ) MULLER’S PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY, with 530 wood- cuts and 2 colored engravings. 8vo. $4. EISBACH’S MECHANICS OF MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING. Vols. I and IL., with 900 woodcuts. $7 50. RAHAWM’S ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY, with its Application in the Arts. Second ; ) edition, with innumerable woodcuts. Vol. I. TAU’S ANATOMY OF THE EXTERNAL FORMS OF MAN. For Artists. Edited by R. Knox, M.D. 8vo. And an Atlas of 28 plates, 4to. Price, plain, $6; colored, $10. VALUABLE STANDARD SCIENTIFIC WORKS. 2RICHARD, The Natural History of Man; com- penny weights and grains of noble metal contained “ean Inquiries into the Modifying Influence of in one ton of ore from a given quantity. 1 vol. hysical and Moral Agencies on the different post 8vo. London, 1846. $3. Tribes of the Human Family. 4th edition. Edited, MITCHELLs J. Treatise on the Adulterations of with very considerable additions, by Edwin Norris. Food, and the Chemical Means employed to de- 2 vols. royal 8vo., 62 colored plates and 110 wood- tect them. 12mo. London, 1848. $1 50. cuts, elegantly bound in cloth, London, 1855. KAEMTZ. A Complete Course of Meteorology. $10. By far the most comprehensive work on the With Additions by C. V. Walker. 1 vol. post Svu, Human Races. Besides containing. in a con- pp. 624, with 15 plates, clotheboards. $3. densed form, all the matter in the 5 vols. of the NICHOL, PROFESSOR. Our Planetary Sys Researches,” it has also additions made by tem, its°Order and Physical Structure. 12mo. Prichard before his death. It embraces all the t With woodcuts. London, 1850. $175. more recent views by different Ethnologists. HALL, MARSHALL, On the Diseases and De- ——— Six Ethnographical Maps, as a Supple- rangements of the Nervous System, in their pri- ment to the Natural History of Man, and to the mary forms, and in their modifications by age, sex, Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. constitution, hereditary predisposition, excesses, Folio, colored, and | sheet letterpress, in cloth bds. general disorder and organic disease 8yo. With 2d edition. London, 1850. $6. 8 engraved plates. London, 1841 $4. ATERHOUSE. A Natural History of the Mam- MARTIN. A General Introduction to the Natural 2 vols, royal 8vo. beautifully illustrated. History of Mammiferous Animals; with a particu- Per volume, plain, $750; colored, $9. ‘ lar view of the Physical History of Man, and the -HLEIDEN. The Plant; a Biography, in a Se- more closely allied Genera of the Order “ Quad- es of Popular Lectures on Botany Edited and rumana,” or Monkeys. Illustrated with 296 aua- anslated by A Henfrey, F.L.S. 8vo. with five tomical, osteological, and other engravings on colored plates and 13 woodcuts. Lond. 1848. ¢4. wood and 12 full plate representations of animals, AMPBELL, A Practical Text Book of Inorganic drawn by W. Harvey. 1 vol. 8vo, Lond. 1841. $4. Chemistry, including the Preparations of Sub- OWEN, RICHARD, Odontography; or a Trea- tances, and their Qualitative and Quantitative tise of the Comparative Anatomy of the Teeth, Analyses, with Organic Analysis. 12mo. $1 50. their Physiological Relations, Mode of Development RANT. Outlines of Ccmparative Anatomy. 8yo. and Microscopical Structure in the Vertebrate Ani With 148 woodcuts, bds. Lond. 1833-41. $7. _ mals. 2 vols. royal 8vo. containing 168 plates, IITCHELL, J. Mannal of Practical Assaying, half-bound russia. London, 1840-45. $36. intended for the use of metallurgists captains of WILLIAMS, Elements of Medicine: Morbid Pot- mines, and assayers in general. With a copious sons. By Robert Williams, M.D. Physician to 5t ‘Table, for the purpose of ascertaining in aseays of Thomas’s Hosp. 2vols. 8vo. Lond. $8 gold and silver the precise amount, in ounces. WM. BAILLIERE, 290 Broadway. | ——_e—___——_— | A New and Enlarged Edition, with New Plates and accompanying Teat, of TEE PEXYSICAL ATIAS. | A Series of Illustrations of the Geographical Distribution of Natural Phenomena. BY ALEXANDER KEITH JOHNSON, This Edition will be issued in 12 Monthly Parts, of which 7 are now out. Price of each, $5. Messrs. Blackwood & Sons have appointed H. B, Special Agent for this splendid work, CATALOGUE OF BOOKS OF SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE, IMPORTED AND FOR SALE BY H. BAILLIERE, 290 Broadway, New~ York GEORGE BRIDGES, AGENT. LONDON: 219 Regent-street. { PARIS: Rue Hautefeuille, MEDICINE, SURGERY, ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, ETC. 3c eS apa Cliniques sur ib Earenleer sndepensiiaes de la pr Syo. Paris, a an Hydropisies et ace egies ou ans Collections evened et Mixtes dans les Cavites Closes naturelles et accidentelles. Svo. Paris, 1852. > “ - 2 00 Abernethy (J.) Memoirs of John Abernethy, F.R.S.; with a View of his Lectures, Writings and Character. By George Macilwain. 2 vols. Svo. London, 1853 . - 6 50 Adams (J.) Anatomy of the Prostate Gland. S8yvo. London, 1854. 5 ‘ - 150 Agenda Medical, pour 1853, contenant un calendrier, les lois et reglements, les nouve- aux poids, secours aux empoisonnes, formulaire, les noms et addresses de tous les me- decins de Paris, etc., formant portefeuille. . . ° - 100 Alderson (J.) On the Pathology and Treatment of ver Bappidiiatain, > ° -137 Almamach General de Medecine pour la ville de Paris. Paris, 1853,18mo. . - 100 Amette (Am.) Code medical, ou Recueil des lois, decrets et reglements sur l’etude, Venseignement et l’exercice de la medecine civile et militaire en France. Paris, 1853, in-12. Z A c . - : : A : : . 150 Amcell (H.) A Treatise on Ce a the constitutional SEPA of Sparc iiog and Scrofula. Svo. London, 1852. . 6 00 Amdral. Cours de pathologie interne, rectal et publie par M. le docteur Ameilee La- tour. 2e edition. Paris, 1848, 3 vol. in-8. . Anglada (Ch.) Traite de la contagion, pour servir a Phistoire des 1 aa conta- gieuses et des epidemies. Paris, 1853. 2 vol. 8vo. . . 8 00 Amnuaire de medecine et de chirurgie ahead pen 1864 mee M. he demas et M. A. Wahu. 9e annee. in-32, ‘ ° Amnuaire de therapeutique de matiere dreafdare: de pharmacte Fe de toxicoogte pour 1854. Par M. Bouchardat. In-32. é < ' . 050 Ashton (IT. J.) Treatise on Diseases of the Rectum san yen Svo. London 1854, 2 38 Asylum Journal (WThe.) Published by authority of the Association of Medical Officers of Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane, Edited by Dr. Bucknill, Devon Coun- ty Asylum. 8yo. Published every six weeks. Awber. Traite de la science medicale (histoire et dogmes) un expose des principles de la science medicale, renfermant les elements de pathologie generale. Paris 1858. in-8. 2 00 Aubert Roche. Essai sur l’acclimatement des Europeens dans les reap chauds— avec une carte de la mer rouge. Syo. Paris 1854 . ° - 100 Auvert (Alex.) Selecta praxis medico-chirurgice quam idee ae it typis et figures expressa Parisiis moderata, Amb. Tardieu. Parisiis et ale 1848,’ ersanit in- folio avec planches gravees et coloriees. 3 ‘ . . 1 Ce bel ouvrage est complet, il a ete publie en 24 livraisons; il se compose de 120 plan- ches gr. in- -folio, papier velin colombier, gravees en taille-douce, tirees en couleur, et retouchees au pinceau avec le plus grand soin pour le fini des details pathologiques. Chaque sujet est accompagne de son texte particulier, explicatif, raisonne, imprime dans le meme format et place en regard de la planche. ‘ 2 MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. Cc. Baer uber Doppelleebige Missgeburten. 4to. Plates. St. Petersburg, 1854 P % 36 Ballard (E.) Diagnosis of Disease of the Abdomen, post Svo. London, 1832 . 2225 Baly (W.) and Gull (W. WW.) Reports on Epidemic Cholera, drawn up at the desire of the Cholera Committee of the Royal College of Physicians. London,1854. .4 75 Barlow (WW. E.) on Fatty Degeneration. 12mo. . é “ : = 13 eee: and Roger. Traite Pratique d’Ausctltation. 4e edition, reyue et augmentee, m0. if Wassereau (Leon.) Traite des affections de la peau, symptomatique de la syphilis. Paris, 1852. in-8. : . 5 ‘ J Bascome (E.) A History of Epidemic Pestilences, from the earliest ages, 1495 8. c., to A.D. 1848, with researches into their nature, causes and prophylaxis. §Syo. London, 1851. M f - : : : é : - 2 8T Baudrimont et Martin Saint-Amge. Recherches anatomiques et physiologi- ques sur le developpement du fetus, et particulierement sur l’eyolution embryonaire des oiseaux et des batraciens. Paris, 1850, in-4, avec 18 pl. gravees. 4 3 10 00 Barthez. Guide pratique des malades aux eaux de Vichy, precede de V’histoire et de la topegraphie de Vichy et de ses environs. Quatrime edition, augmentee. Paris, 1853, 2 00 . . . . - in-12,avec4planches . 3 a . . " ‘ 4 1 00 Barthez et Rilliet. Traite clinique et pratique des maladies des enfants, Deuxieme edition augmentee. Paris, 1853. 3 vol. in-8. $6 00, or in halfcalf, ‘ PF - 750 mes. Precis theorique et pratique des maladies veneriennes. Lyon, 1840. 2 vol. in-8, ; = 5 2 2 - - = : - . . Traite theorique et pratique sur les diatheses. Lyon, 1853, in-8. = % - 150 Becquerel (A.) Semeiotique des urines, ou Traite des alterations de ’urine dans les maladies. Paris, 1841, in-8. 2 : " 2 " e = . * Traite elementaire d’hygiene privee et publique. Paris, 1851, in-18. - - 150 Becquerel et Rodier. Traite de chimie pathologique. Paris, 1853,in-8. . - 200 Begim. Etudes sur le service de sante militaire en France, son passe, son present et son avenir. Paris, 1849, in-S de 370 pag. . - fl 5 $ - 15 Begin (L.=L.) De Vavortement proyoque pendant la grossesse, en vue d’eviter a la mares a l’epoque de l’accouchement, les dangers de l’operation cesarienne. Paris, 1852, in-8, F ‘ ‘ : z < : : F : : .100 Bell (G. WH.) A Short Exposition of the Circulation and Nervous System: with Refer- ence to Disease and Treatment. Svo. Edinburgh, 1954. . “ : 7 - 100 Bell (Sir Chas.). The Hand; its Mechanism and Vital Endowments, as evincing design. New edition, revised, with woodcuts. Svo. London, 1852. : .. Sete Bellingham (P, B.) A Treatise on Diseases of the Heart. Dublin, 1853. . 21% Wennati Recherches Sur le Mecanisme de la Voix humaine. 8yo. Paris, 1852. -150 Bence (Jones.) On Animal Electricity, being an abstract of the discoveries of Du Bois-Reymond. 12mo. .. . - : 3 ° 2 E 1% Wennet on Leucocythemia or White Cell Blood. Colored illustrations. Royal 8vo, London, 1852. . A A - - . Bennett (J. Wi.) The Pathology and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, and the Local Medication of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Diseases, frequently mistaken for or as- sociated with Phthisis. Svo. London, 1853. $ ; . C i 175 Introduction to Clinical Medicine. Six Lectures on the Method of examining Patients, &c., the use of the Microscope, and the Diagnosis of Skin Diseases. 2nd edit., feap. 8vo, Woodcuts. London, 1853. ° ¢ . . . Lectures on Clinical Medicine. Nos. 1 to 8, Edinburgh, in 1 vol. 1853. 5 475 Berard, Denonvilliers et Gosselin. Compendium de chirurgie pratique, ou Traite complet des maladies chirurgicales et des operations que ces maladies reclament, Paris, 1840-1852. Sera publie en 24 livraisons in-8.—11 sont en vente, Prix de chaque. : . 100 Berard (Ph.) Cours de physiologie fait ala Faculte de medecine, Paris, 1848-1853, publie par livraisons chacune de 80 pages. En vente les livraisons 1 a 29, formant les toms I, II, IM. Prix de chaque livraison. . E ; : my, 2 25 L’ouvrage formera environ 8 vol. 8yo. Beraud (J.-®.) Manuel de physiologie de Yhomme et des principaux vertebres, re- pondant aux questions physiologiques du programme des examens de fin d’annee, revu par M. Robin. Parls, 1853, in-18. (Cet ouvrage est recommende par Auguste Comte). 2 00 Bernard (Cl.) Recherches experimentales sur le grand sympathique et specialement sur influence que la section de ce nerf exerce sur la chaleur animale. 89. Paris, 1854, Traite de physiologie experimentale, comprenant les applications a la pathologie. Paris, 1854, 2 yolumes in-S, avec figures. Sous presse. EEE MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. 3 $c. Bernerd Nouvelle fonction du foie, considere comme organe producteur de matiere sucree chez l’homme et chez les animaux. Paris, 1853, in-4. > > F “ - 100 Recherches experimentales sur les fonctions du nerf spinal, ou accessoire de Willis. Paris, 1851, in. F ° ° “ < < , 5 . . 100 Bertherand (A.) Precis des maladies veneriennes, de leur doctrine et de leur traite- ment. Strasbourg, 1852, in-8. . . r . . ‘ -150 Bibliotheque du Medecin-Praticicn, ou Resume general de tous les ou- vrages de clinique medicale et chirurgicale,‘de toutes les monographies, de tous les me- moires de medecine et de chirurgie pratiques, anciens et modernes, publies en France et a l’etranger, par une societe de medecins, sous la direction du docteur Fabre, redac- teur en chef de la Gazette des Hopitawx.—Ouvrage adopte par VUniversite, pour les Facultes de medecine et les Ecoles preparatoires de medecine et de pharmacie, Paris, 1843-1851, 15 vol. gr. in-8, $33 75, or half-bound, . ; - = F 41 2% Bigelow (S.=3.) Recherches sur les calculs de la vessie et sur leur auelyue micro- chimigue. Paris, 1852, in, avec atlas de 8 planches. : : Billings (A.) Practical Observations on Diseases of the sbi 4 and Share: 8vo., cloth London, i852. —«g : 3 . c - 150 Bird (Golding, M.D.) Tenia Tetouite their Diawhouls pathutoey and Thera- peutical indications. 4th edit., post Svo, Woodcuts. London, 1853. r . . 3 00 Gonamy Groecaet Beau. Atlas d’anatomie descriptive du corps humain. Cet. ouvrage est publie par livr. contenant chacune 4 pl. accompagnees d’an texte explicatif, Gr.in-8. L’ouvrage se composera de 259 pl. dessinees d’apres nature et lithographiees. Paris, 1841-1853. ‘Prix de la livraison, fig. noires. * . . ' - +» — figures coloriees. 5 = 4 = 5 ® z . 1 00 (49 livraisons sont publiees.) —Pour la neyrologie, voyez HIRSCHFELD. Bommet (de Lyon.) Traite medico-chirurgical dss maladies des articulations. Lyon, 1845, 2 vol. in-8, avec atlas in de 46 pl. 5 : J = -50 Traite de therapeutique des maladies articulair es. Paris, 1853, 1 vol. in-8, avec 90 planches intercalees dans le texte = : ° . : ° Bommet (A.) Traite des fievres intarnitetites: 2e edition, revue, mene et augmen- tee. Paris, 1853, in-S. . - 150 De la monomanie du meurtre, consideree, dans ses "yapports avec la medecine legale. Bordeaux, 1852, in-S. c . F . - 3 050 Bossu (4.) Traite des plantes medicinales indigenes, precede d’un cours de botanique. In-89, plus un atlas in—-80 d’un quart de feuille et 60 pl. : . . ° Bouchardat. Cours de chimie elementaire appliquee a la medecine, a Ke pharmacie. Paris, 1835, 1 fort vol. in-8, fig. F ‘ . ‘ J 4 Pr 225 Manuel de matiere medicale, de therapeutique comparee et de pharmacie, 2e edi- tion. Paris, 1846, 1 vol. in-12. 5 P 6 . 7 $ 2 -175 Nouveau formulaire magistral. Sixieme edition augmentee. Paris, 1852, in-18. .1 00 Formulaire magistral veterinaire, contenant les formules des medecins veteri- naires francais et etrangers. Paris, 1848, in-18. ° 5 : . | Annuaire de therapeutique. Paris, 1841 a 1853, 14 vol. in-32. - a . 8 Chaque annee separement, in-32. 7 + 0 —— Physique, avec ses principales applications, Be “—_ Paris, 1851, 1 vol. sr. n=» 18, avec 200 fig. ‘ ° é * - 12 Chimie, aves ses principles applications. 3¢e edition. Patis, 1948, 1 vol grand i in- 18, avec 64 figures. é 5 ‘ . a - 100 —— Histoire naturelle, contenant la zoologie, la Yoetontcents Is stneenlincte) et la geologie. Paris, 1844, 2 vol. gr. in-18 avec 308 fig. 4 : . 5 4 oi — Du diabete sucre, ou glucosurie; son traitement hygienique. Paris, 1851,in+4. .1 25 De Valimentation insuffisante. Paris, 1852, in-8. . . . iy fell) Bouchut (#.) Traite Pratique des Maladiés des Nouveaux nes et des Enfants a la Mamelle—precede d’un precis sur l’Hygiene et l’Education Physique des Jeunes En- fants. 2e edit., one thick 8vo. volume. Paris, 1852. * : : , ~ 2% Tratado de les Enfermedades de los Ninos.. 2 vols. Svyo. Madrid, 1853. . - 400 Boudin re goa Traite de geographie et de statistique medicales, comprenant la meteorologie, la climatologie, la geologie medicale, les lois statistiques de la population, r etc. Paris, 1854, 2 vol. in-8, sows presse, * ‘ « ‘ . a Bouisson (F.) Traite theorique et pratique de la methode Sa ae appliquee & la chirurgie et aux differentes branches de la medecine. Paris, 1850, in-8 . . Traite pratique des maladies du testicule et de ses annexes. Paris, 1854, in-8. 4000 Bourgery. Trait complet de l’anatomie de l’homme, comprenant la medecine opera- toire, dessine d’apres nature par H. Jacob: publie en 96 livraisons environ, composees chacune de 4 feuilles de texte et 8 planches in-foly Paris, 1930-1853. Pri ix de chaque livraison, fig. noires. 3 j ‘ . é . P 4 é . 200 — Figures coloriees. (Les livraisons 1 a 90 et 9 livr. supplement, sont en vente.) . 5 00 Anatomie microscopique de la rate dans homme et les mammiferes. Paris, 1843, in-4, avec 2 pl. ° 3 é F ‘ v . . ‘ pL 4 MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. CG Bourguignon (H.)_ Traite pr eee et a see de Ja Gale de Homme, with 10 plates. 4to. Paris, 1852. . ° ‘ - 5 00 Bousquet (J.°.) Nouveau traite de la vaccine et ats eruptions varioleuses ou yarioliformes.. (Ouvrage couronne. par l'Institut de France). Paris, 1848, in-8. - 2 06 Boyer (A.) Traite des maladies chirurgicales, et des operatious qui leur conyiennent, e edition, publiee par-son fils Ph. Boyer. Paris, 1843-1853, 7 vol. in-3. ‘ 00 Braid (5.) Researches on Hypnotism and Electro-Biology. 12mo.. F y -08 Braithwaite (%¥.) Retrospect of Medicine, V. 28,12mo, London, Jan. 1854. -1 7 Brierre We Boisment. Des hallucinations, ou Histoire raisonne des apparitions, Ges visions, des songes, de Vextase, du magnetisme et du Seah Deuxieme edition. Paris, 1852, in-8: : ¢ Hallucinations, or the Rational History of ee oe Visions, Dreams, Ecstac Magnetism, and Somnambulism. 8yo. Philadelphia, 1854. 250 Briquet. Recherches experimentales sur les proprietes du pee et de ses com- poses.. Paris, £852, in-8. “ 2 - : -175 Broca. Sur les luxations sous hes eae 4to.. : -100 Brown=“equard. map cecacate! Bagsareher aupHed to Physiology a ane Pathology. Svo.. New York, 1853. . : - 12 Budd (George.) Diseases of the rae Syo. Fab 1959 - ‘ 475 Bull (Thos. Vi.®.). Hints to Mothers for the Management of Health during the period of Pregnancy, and in the Lying-in Room. Sthedit. Feap. Svo. >. and Burgegraeve (4.) Le genie de la chirurgie, considere sous le sapere des operations, du diagnostic, du pronostic et du traitement medical. Gand, 1853, in-S - 7 Chirurgie simplifiee. Nouveau araigns de panegngrie aradaitiae Bruxelles, 1853, in-8, avec 5 planches P . * - 100 Car enter (W. BB.) The Principles of Human Physiology. 4th See Pre. pp. , cloth.. London, 1853. 2 § - 8 50 Physiology of Temperance and Total frsieisate being an posted int of the Effects of the Excessive, Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the Healty Human System. ‘8vo. Cloth. . p 2 : ° . 975 ia in (E.) Le Bima de ieHe, sous le rapport hygienique et medica Paris, 4849, in- - 7 Carter (R. EB.) On the Pathology aid Treat’ of eateas a eats ‘1858 2 137 Catalogue general des livres de medecine, chirurgie, anatomie, physiologe, histoire naturelle, physique, chimie, pharmacie, francais et etrangers, qui se trouvent a Paris, chez J. B. Bailliere, libraire de Academie inpauiale, de meee ay rue Hautefeuille, 19. In-So de 18 feuilles. : . - Cazenave (A e) Traite des eauidlag du cuir ane suivi de coaeea hygieniques sur les.soins a donner a la cheyelure. Part 1850, in-8, avec 8 sri dessinees d’apres nature, gravees et coloriees . . . Celsus. The First Four Books, with an Ordo Vérboria and Literal ‘Trahdlation by x Steggall,M.D’ 2nd edit. 18mo, in calf : ; F . 0 Chadburn. The Human Eye delineated. Golowred fata: 5 # p - 150 Chailly-Monore. Traite pratique de Part des Accouchements, accompagne de 275 fig. gravees sur bois et intercalees dans le texte, propres a en faciliter Vetude, troisieme edition, cohsiderablement augmentee.. Paris, 1853, in-8 de 1050 pages . - . 250 Chauwsit. Traite elementaire des maladies de la peau, d‘apres l’enseignement theorique et les lecons cliniques de M. le docteur ern medecin de Poe Sanrio Paris, 1853, 1 vol. in-8. - -175 Chevallier (A.) Dictionnaire des Rte te et falsifications aes eiiietanteen dhineti: taires, medicamenteuses et commerciales avec Vindication des moyens de les recon- naitre. Paris, 1850-1852, 2 vol. in-8. . "4 p = ; . .8 Civiale. Traite pratique des maladies des organes genitaux urinaires. Deuxieme edition corrigee et augmentee. Paris, 1850-1851, 3 vol. in-%, fig. Cet ouvrage, le plus pratique et le plus complet sur la matiere est ainsi divise : ‘tome L, maladies de l’uretre; tome II, maladies du col de la vessie et de la prostate; tome Hi, maladies du corps de la vessie. bag 5.3.) Military Surgery: or, getigiin of Field Practice in India dane 1848 1849. Svo., with plate. . . . bene (G.) Traite de Physiologie comparee des Animaux Domestiquesy avec fe. inter- calees dans le texte. Tomeler. S8yo. Paris, 1854. si 4 Comte (A.) Structure et Physiologie Animale demons a Vaide de ‘figures colores de- coupees et superposees. 12mo. Paris, 1853. . Conquest, Gutlines of Midwifery. New ‘Raition, by Tent M. Winn, M.D,, “ng pict to the Tee par et perl additional Woodeuts ne Bags. Fep. vo P P Cooper (W. W.) On it Sight, Agee Sight, vse 2 ed Vision, and “ahs itdans of Assisting Sight. With 81 Dlustrations on Wood, 2nd edit. fep. Syo, London, 1852 00 . 250 . 2 50 2% MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. 3 _—— Corbett (J. H.) The Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy of the Arteries, and Relative Anatomy of the Veins and Nerves of the Human Body. 8yo. - 2 2 12% Corrigan (D.J.) Lectures on the Nature and Treatment of Boyee Post ae Lon- don, 1853. Py z 3 -137 Coote (Holmes.) The omalnatth of the Human Skeleton. 8v0. Lomioee 1849 2 37K Cotties (J. Wk.) Manual of Human Physiology for Students. Post Svo. cloth. . 1374 Cottom (R. PRP.) Essay on Nature, Symptoms, &c., of Consumption. Svo, Londen, 1852. 2 50 Coulson (Wm.) On Lithotrity and Lithotomy. Syvo, Woodeuts. London, 1853 . - 2 50 Crocg (G.) Traite des Tumeurs blanches. Syo, with plates. Brussels, 1853 3 - 256 Cruveilhier (J.) Traite d-anatomie pathogen eaty Paris, 1849. Tome I, in-8 de 700 p. r - : Tome II. Paris, 1852, 1 s in-8 de 920 Dans : : ° . : . 2 25 Le tome III est sous presse : - 0 00 Cet ouyrage est l’exposition du cours d’anatomie pathologique que M. Cruveilhier fait a la Faculte de medecine de Paris. Comme son enseignement, il est divise en XVII classes, savoir: lo solutions de continuite ; 20 adhesions; 3° luxations; 40 invagina- tions ; 59 hernies; 6° deviations; To corps etrangers ; 8° retrecissements et oblitera- tions; 9° lesions de canalisation par communication accidentelle; 10° dilatations ; 1lo hypertrophies et atrophies ; 120 metamorphoses et productions organiques ana- logues; 13° hydropisies et flux; 149 hemorrhagie; 15° gangrene; 160 lesions phleg- matiques; 179 lesions strumeuses et lesions et lestons carcinomateuses. Anatomie descriptive. Troisieme edit. Paris, 1351-1852, 4 vol. in-8. . - 7 00 Dairymple (Johm.) Pathology of the Human Eye. Illustrated in a series of coloured Plates from Original Drawings. apo in Nine per npe “¥ 2 half- bound morocco, gilt tops. ; § é 60 00 Davey (J.G.) On the Nature and Proximate Gaiwe of es igrol Delkbicmny 1853. 88 Daremberg (C. WV.) Notices et extraits des manuscrits medicaux grecs, latims et francais des principales bibliotheques d’Angleterre. Paris, 1853, gr. in-8 1% Delabarre (A.) Des accidents de dentition chez les enfants en bas age et des sacs de les combattre. Paris, 1851, in-8, avec fig. Fi é is Delafi.nd et Lassaigne. Traite de matiere mieaieaie et de pharmacie veteri- Maire. 2e edit. Paris, 1853, in-8 ¢ é c 4 : C : - Delasiauve. Traite de l’Epilepsie. Histoire. Traitement. Medecine legale. 8vo. 2 00 Deschamps (i.=Hi.) Du signe certain de la mort: nouvelle PPFeHG pour eviter d’etre enterre vivant. Paris, 1851, in-S. : ne” ie e : Desguidi (S.) Lettre aux medecins francais sur la medecine rina hatha, wroi- sieme edition augmentee, avec les biographies et portraits de Hahnemann et Desguidi plusieurs lettres importantes, par le docteur F. Perrussel. aes 1852, er. in-8 de 144 pages avec portraits . ” - 100 Desmarres (.=A.) Traite fate et ata tuane: des Pa tadiga des yeux. 2e edit., augmentee. Paris, 1854, 2 vol. in-S avec fig. interc. dans le texte. 2 e - Devergie (4.) Traite pratique des pmadies de a peau. S8vo, with coloured plates. Paris, 185 Ms . ; Dieu (%.) Traite de idlaptic ieiitieati a de iecanenitnnas precede de Considerations generales sur la zoologie, et suivi de l’Histoire des eaux naturelles. Paris, 1847-1852, 5 vol. in-8. (Les 1l.1a4sont publies.) . 2 . ~8 50 Wruitt (&.) The Surgeon’s Vade Mecum: a eae of iwrsaen Surgery. 6th semiat 12mo. London,1853 - : - 3 75 Dun (Finlay.) Actions and asia of mtSeiaey Medicines, Syo. Lopatii 1954 - 5 00 Buncan (J. F.) ‘Popular Errors on the Subject of tanh examined and exposed. 12mo. London, 1853. 5 ; 4 Aen ly Durand-fardel. Des eaux de Vichy, emia, Sele sous i rapports clinique et thera- peutique, specialement dans les maladies des organes de la CerePR et sc le traite- ment de la goutte. Paris 1851, 1 vol. in-S ; -100 Traite pratique des maladiés des eres, Pavia, 1364, in. $2 25 cts. or half- bound 5 : 2 Duvsa! (V.) Traite theorique - pratique de a maladie scrofuleuse Paris, 1862 as de 520 pages. Egan (3. C.) syphilitic Misewuer their Pathology, Tabarionte}s and sieeatinelat’ in- cluding Experimental Researches on Inoculation. 8vo. London, 1853 . : 2% Ehrmann ({'.=".) Description de deux Foetus Monstres dont Pun rata gr et Vautre Monopode. Folio, with 4 colored plates. Strasbourg, 1852. é id Histoire des eet du raed avec 6 re ararerHpbicee: Strasbourg, 1850, in fol. ° . . Erichsen (John.) The auteinbe ma Art of Sur ee panel a ‘treatise on Surgical Injuries, Diseases, and Operations. Svo, Woodcuts. London, 1863 . . Eyre (Sir J.) Treatise on the Stomach and its Difficulties, post Syo. Loudest 1852 .1 50 6 MEDICINE, SURGERY, &e. as i $ c. Fabre (A. F.G.) Bibliotheque du medecin praticien, ou Resume general de tous les ouvrages de clinique medicale et chirurgicale, de toutes monographies, de tous les me- moires de medecine et de chirurgie pratiques, anciens et modernes, publies en France et a l’etranger, par une societe de medecins, sous la direction du docteur Fapre, redac- teur en chef de la Gazette des Hopitava.—Ouvrage adopte par l'Universite, pour les Facultes de medecine et les Ecoles preparatoires de medecine et de pharmacie, et par les ministere de la guerre, sur la proposition du Conseil de sante des armees, pour les hopitaux d’instruction. Paris, 1843-1351, 15 forts volumes ane in-8 de chacun 700 pag. a2colonnes. Prix de chaque volume ‘ : Fi ~ 2 2 Cholera Morbus. Quide dans la connaissance et le Micaltarsent de ote Maladie. 8vo. Paris, 1854. yi F » - "Bis: Falret (J.) Recherches sur la folie Paralytique et les abyerere Paralysis generales, Paris, 1853, in-4. é 3 " : -1 08 Feuchtersleben (E. de.) oe de Part, traduit de Pallemand sur la neuvieme edition, par Schlesinger-Rahier. Paris, 1853, in-12. 2 - -9 5 Ferrus. Memoire sur le goitre ai le cretinisme, et Disensiion dane le sein de l’Acade- mie de medecine. Paris, 1851,2 parties in-S,avec5pl. . P - 125 *—— Des prisonniers, de l’emprisonnement et des prisons. Paris, 1849, in-8 A . 200 De l’expatriation penitentiaire. Paris, 1853, in-8. 5 ; 5 i 0% Fleury. Traite pratique et raisonne d’Hydrotherapie. Paris, 1852, in-8, avec pl. . 200 Feissac (P.) Dela Meteorologie dans ses rapports avec la science de ’homme, et prin- cipalement avec la medecine et seal publique, - Paris, 1854,2 yol.in-8 . ~400 or half cf. ‘ E . - - 5 00 Fontan. Recherches sur ies eaux ceepserets des MBL) de alee, de la Bel- gique, de la Suisse et de la Savoie. Paris, 1853, in-8, avec 5 pl. . ° é = -1 75 Foerster. Manuel d’Anatomie emanates mani de ee om H. Kaula. Strasbourg, 1853, in-8, 2 parties. é : . 200 Foucart(A.) Dela Suette Miliaire, et de son Bae Syo. Barta, “1954 - 1 50 Eoy. Nouveau formulaire des praticiens, contenant les formules des hopitaux civiles et militaires de Paris, de France, d’Italie, d’ Allemagne, d’Angleterre, de Pologne, etc. ; precede diun Memorial therapeutique, et suivi de Secours a donner aux empoisonnes et aux asphyxies. Quatrieme edition augmentee. Paris, 1844, 1 vol. in-8. " te Eroriep (@.) Therapeutic Application of Electro- Manele From the German, by Lawrence. 8yo. London, 1853 5 - - 1 50 Fuller (H. W-) Treatise on inherent! Gout, ke. 8yo. New York, ‘1954 " . 200 Gallino, Cerca la Inuteleta delle dottrine bisulogische, &c. 40 2 ‘ aD = Gintrac. Cours theorique et ee de mpehrlage interne et de therapie medicale. Paris, 1853, 3 volumes in-8. : ‘ : . - 5 50 Gluge. Pathological Histology, edited < Dr. relay, 4to, Plates, Philadelphia - 5 00 Goodsir (Johm.) Annals of inner and Fro nltey Published cnn ai Price of each part. E ‘ é 1 Graves (B&R. J.) Clinical Rectibes on the Pr ethan of Medicine. gebent eaition, edited by J. M. Neligan. 2 vols., 8vo. Dublin, 1848. E 5 : - 700 Gray’s Ea aerent to fhe a a uy Redwood. Second elton 8vo., cloth. London, 1848 ‘ . 6 50 Grisolle. Traite inane a pratique de Pathalaee ea ees a edit, Paris, 1852, vo 4 : : 3 4 - : : i. Orhalfbound . * - - - 5 50 Guisiain (G.) Lecons neg sur ‘ot Purine atives ou Traite Theorique et Pratique des maladies mentales. With 54 woodcuts. 8 vols, Svo. 1852 . ls A Guthrie (G. J.) Commentaries on the Surgery of the War in Portugal, Spain France, and the Netherlands, from the Battle of Rolica in 1808 to that ef ga in 1815. Revised to 1853. 5th edition, post Svo. London, 1853 5 i 4% Guy’s Hospital Reports, V. 8, Pt. 2,8vo. London, 1954 3 : Fi “ 2 1234 HMahn (Menri. De la meningite tuberculeuse etudiee au point de yue clinique. Cou- ronnee par la Societe de medecine de Bordeaux. Paris, 1853, in-8. ‘ . - 150 Hancock (H.) Anatomy and Physiology of Male Urethra. 8vo. ‘ ‘ . 100 Ware (S.) Facts and Observations on the Physical Education of Children, especially as regards the Prevention of Spinal and other Deformities. 8vo. London, 1853 . -0 Mastings (John.) Treatise on Diseases of the Larynx and Trachea, embracing the different forms of Laryngites, &c. S8yvo. London, 1850 x % . . P Hierpin (Wh.) Du pronostic et du traitement curatif de peptlopele Ouvrage couronne par l'Institut de France. Paris, 1852, in-8 de 620 pages. - . . Meusinger (Ch.=F.) Recherches de pathologie comparee. Giantich 1853, 2 vol. in-4, cartonne . M > » 4 2 ‘ : ~ - 700 Cet ouvrage comprend ; Jo Histoire comparee de la medicine veterinaire et humaine; 20 esquisse d’une nosographie comparee de ’homme et des animaux domestiques ; 80 pathologie generale; 49 des maladies pandemiques et panzootiques; 59 comparai- WEDECINE, SURGERY, &c. i" $c. son des maladies decrites par les veterinaires anciens et ceux du moyen age; 6° apercu historique de la doctrine des maladies des oiseaux; 7° chronologie des epizooties. Wolland (H.) Chapters on Mental Physiology. S8yo. London, 1852 . ; - 300 Hooper (®r-) Physician’s Vade-Mecum, or Manual of the Principles and Practice of Physic ; with an Outline of General Pathology and Therapeutics. By Augustus Guy, M.D., Caniab. 4th edit., considerably enlarged and improved, feap. Svo, woodcuts. London, 1853 A c . - 2 é d A = .3 75 Hiopitaux- Des Hopitaux au point de vue de leur origine, de leur utilite, des condi- tions qu’ils doivent presenter et de leur administration, par F. Roubaud. Paris, 1833. 12mo. s = - - a 3 - : - 2 - 0 75 Mubert-Valleroux. Dessourds-muets. Introductionaletude medicale et philoso- phique de la surdi-mutite. Paris, 1853. 1vol. Svo A : - E .0 75 Wiufeland. The Art of Prolonging Life; edited by Erasmus Wilson, Feap Syo. London, 1853 - - 3 ~ 5 : ° 3 - 0 75 Wiuschke (E.) Traite de splanchnologie et des organes des sens, trad. de l’Allemand, par A.-J.-L. Jourdan. Paris, 1845. 8vo, avec5 planches . - : . - 2B Jamain (A.) Nouveau Traite Elementaire d’Anatomie descriptive et de preparations ee, Suivi d’un precis d’Embryologie. With 146 woodcuts. 12mo. Paris, 853. i : - - - : : : z ° . - 3 00 —— Manuel de petite chirurgie, contenant les pansements les bandages, les cautieres, les vesicatoires, les moxas, etc. Deuxieme edition, considerablement augmentee, avec 189 figures intercalees daus le texte. Paris, 1853, 1Smo F . . e - 150 Jarjavay. Traite d’anatomie chirurgicale. Paris, 1853. 2vol. Svo . - 400 Jewel (G.) Practical observation on Leucorrhea, Fluor Albus or Weakness. Syo. London, 1830. : - : . F : : . ° - 2 00 Jobert (A. J.) Traite des Fistules vesico-uterines, vesico-wtero-vaginales, entero-vagi- nales, avec 10 figures intercalees dans le texte. Svo. Paris, 1852. > - 2 00 Johnson (Gesrge.) On Diseases of the Kidney, their Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment; with an introductory chapter on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney. 8vo. London, 1832 . F a 3 s 4% Jomes (A. B.) Observations on Diseases and Loss of Teeth, with various Means of sup- plying their deficiency. Syo, plates . “ 3 2 ° 2 * - 150 Jongh (f.-J3.) L'huile de foie de morue envisagee sous tous les rappo#ts comme moyen therapeutique. Paris, 1853. Svo - - < 7 i . ‘ Josat(WD.) Dela Mort et de ses Caracteres. Svo. Paris, 1854 . G g . 200 Kaltenmbrunmner. Experimenta circa Statum Sanguinis, &.,in infammatione. 4to. 0 &0 IKKmnages (Sam.) Insanity Considered in Relation to the Question of Responsibility in Criminal Cases. 8vo. London, 1854 . 5 c : - - s 188 Knox (®.) Great Artists and Great Anatomists, post 8vo . - ' « . 2 00 —— Manual of Artistic Anatomy, post8vo . J a 2 « ¥ 2 2 Human Anatomy. 12mo . a P s < i, 4 P 3 75 Laberge, Monneret et Fleury. Compendium de medecine pratique, ou Expose analytique et raisonne des travaux contenus dans les principaux traites de pathologie interne. Paris, 1836-1846 Svol.gr. 8vo. . i a . a i Lacauchie (A.=E.) Traite d’hydrotomie ou des injections d’eau continues dans les recherches anatomiques. Paris, 1853. S8vo, avec 6 pi. z . p Pee ip! * Langlebert(®.) Guide pratique, scientifique et administratif de l’Etudiant en Mede- cine, ou Conseils aux eleves sur la direction qu’ils doivent donner a leurs etudes, suivi des Reglements universitaires relatifs a ’enseignement de la medecine dans les facultes, les ecoles preparatoires, et des conditions d’admission dans le service de sante de l’ar- mee et dela marine. Paris, 1852,1 beauvolume. Syo . . . 0 75 Lawrance (. QE.) Electricity and Galvanism in the Treatment of Cancerous, Nervous, Rheumatic, and other Affections. London, 1853 . - ‘ “ . 0 Lebert (M.) Traite d’anatomie Pathologique generale et speciale, ou description et iconographie patkologique des alterations morbides, tant liquide, que solides, observees dans le corps humain. Paris, i85{.—Ce bel ouvrage se composera de 2 vol in-folio de texte et d’environ 200 planches in-folio gravees et la plupart coloriees ‘ . 0 00 Il sera publie par livraisons, chacune composee de 24 a 82 pages de texte et de 5 plan- ches in-folio gravees et coloriees.—Prix de la livraison . ; 4 i . 0 00 — Physiologie pathologique, ou Recherches cliniques, micrdscopiques et experimen- tales sur l’inflammation, la tuberculisation, les tumeurs et les autres tissus accidentels. Paris, 1845. 2 vol. 8yo, avec atlas de 22 planches gravees, gr. 8yo . ‘ . 6 00 Orhbalfbound . é 4 - - ‘ ‘ ‘ ' . . 8 00 Traite pratique des maladies Scrofuleuses et Tuberculeuses, ou Recherches anato- miques, pathologiques et therapeutiques sur les scrofules et les tubercules. (wre courronne par ? Academie imperiale de medecine.) Paris, 1849, } fort vol. Svo . 2 25 Orhalf bound , . ; ? : ; : F - 3 - 275 Traite pratique des maladies Cancereuses et des affections curables confondues avec le cancer, Paris, 1851, S8vyo de 892 pages : 3 ‘ F . . 2 Orhalfbound . ° . P e * ‘ . . ‘ 27 3 MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. fe 4 ‘ $e. Leblanc et Follim. Traite de Pathologie comparees dans l’homme et les animaux. Paris, 1854. 2-vol. S8vo avec figures, sows presse . : - . . - 0 06 Le Camu. Nouvelles etudes chimiques sur le sang. Paris, 1851. Syo . > - 100 Lecoms Climiquwes de Medecine Mentale faites a hospice de la Salpetriere. 8yo. Paris, 1854 ’ - F < . 2 5 . : . - 400 Lepelietier. Nouvelle doctrine medicale, ou Doctrine biologique. Syo. - 2 00 Lerebeoullet (A.) Memoire sur la structure intime du foie et sur la nature de l’altera- tion connue sous le nom de foie gras. (Demoire courronne par V Academie impe- riale de medecine.) 1853. S8vo avec 4 planches coloriees . : rs EA - 200 Recherches sur l’anatomie des organes genitaux des animaux vertebres, (Jfemoi- _ recouromme par Vv Academie des sciences de Paris. Bonn, 1851. 8yo avec 20 plan- ches en partie coloriees . 5 ‘ s 3 : - “ : - 6 00 Little (J. WY.) On the Nature and Treatment of Deformities of the Human Frame. Syo, Woodeuts. London, 1855 . 5 é C “ : . £50 Eizazs(J5.) Practical Observations on the Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra and Fistula in Perineo. 3dedit. Svo. 1853 A ES ° 5 : * 5 BEonget. Traite de Physiologie. Paris, 1850, tome Ile. 8vo, avee fig—Le tome ler sera publie en 4 fasc. Le troisieme est en vente. Prix del’ouvrage complet . BLordat. Theorie Physiologique des passions humaines. Lecons tirees du cours de Physiologie medicale fait a Montpellier dans l’annee 1850-51 : 2 : . 0 00 Ludovic=Hirschfeld et Leveille. Nevrologie ou Description et iconographie du systeme nerveux et des organes des sens de l’homme, avec leur mode de prepara- tions, par M. le docteur Ludovic-Hirschfeld, professeur d‘Anatomie a l’ecole pratique de la Facuite de Paris, et M. J.-B. Leveille, dessinateur. Paris, 1853. Ouvrage com- plet. 1 beau volume 8vo, compose de 400 pages de texte et de 92 planches 4to, dessi- nees d’apres nature, et lithographiees par M. Leveille. Prix: figures noires. Halfbound . 4 : i oe 3 a 13 75 figures coloriees . i : : F - “ 26 50 Lake Howard. The Climate of London reduced from Meteorological Observations made in the Metropolis. 3 vol. 8vo. London, 1833 . 5 - : . 9 00 Malgaignme. Traite des fractures et des luxations: Tome I, des Fractures.—Tome U, des luxations. Paris, 1847-1854, 2 vol. 8vo, et atlas de 30 planches in-folio. . . Le tome Ilem Luxations. Paris, 1854, Svo de 800 pages, avec atlas de 14 planches in- fol., et le texte explicatif des planches des 2 vol = ieee ; F : - 425- Manuel de Medecine operatoire fondee sur PAnatomie pathologique et Anatomie : normale. Sixieme edition. Paris, 1853. 8vo. - Z 5 2 Bi - Maisonneuve et Momtamicr. Traite pratique des maladies Veneriennes. Paris, 1853. Svo. : : ; Viaisemmeuve. Lecons cliniques sur les affections cancereuses, recueillis et publies par le Dr. Alexis Favrot, with plates. 8vo. lere partie, comprenant les affections can- cereuses en general. Syo. Paris, 1852 : E ° Z ? ; . 0 6245 Mackenzie (W.) A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye, to which is prefixed an anatomical introduction explanatory of a horizontal section of the eyeball, by J. Warton Jones. Svo. London, 1852 . : : - * 4 : 3 Magne (Al.) Etudes sur les maladies des yeux. 2e edition. Svo. . 3 - 150 TWalacame. Reflessione Sopra une Malattra delle Vie orinane. 4to. . : - 0 50 Mayne (R.G.) An Expository Lexicon of the Terms, Ancient and Modern, in Medical and General Science, including a Complete Medico-Legal Vocabulary, and presenting the correct Pronunciation, Derivation, Definition, and Explanation of the Names, Ana- logues, Synonymes, and Phrases (in English, Latin, Greek, French, and German), em- ployed in Science, and connected with Medicine. Parts I. and IL C ° - 150 TWedice-Chirurgical Review (The British and Foreign), being a Combination of ‘The Medico-Chirurgical Review,’ formerly edited by Dr. James Johnson ; and, ‘The British and Foreign Medical Review,’ formely edited by Dr. Forbes. 8vo. Published quarterly. 1No., New Series . 5 3 j , 7 ‘ ‘ - 0 00 MWeding (i.) Paris’ medical, vade mecum des medecins etrangers, renseignements his- toriques, statistiques, administratifs et scientifiques sur les hopitaux et hospices civils et militaires, ’enseignement de la medecine, les Academies et Societe’ savantes, pre- cede d’une topographie medicale de Paris, etc. Paris, 1852. 2 vol. 12mo. d . 150 Meigs (J. E.) A Practical.Treatise on the Diseases of Children. 2nd edit.; 8vo. - 000 Wemioires de la Societe de Chirurgie. Vols. 1,2and8. 4to. Paris, 1847-1853, per vol. 5 00 Meniere. Dela guerison de la surdi-mutite et de education des souds-muets, expose de la discussion de Academie de medecine, avec notes critiques, etc. Paris, 1803. 8vo. 1 50 Milter (Jas.) The Practice of Surgery, second edition, with 227 woodcuts. Svo. Edin- burgh, 1852 : A A ‘ ; ¥ : : . 475 Principles of Surgery. By James Miller, 8d edition, Svo. Edinburgh, 1853 475 Morton (W. J.) Manual of Veterinary Pharmacy. 12mo. 1954. _ . - 3 00 Wuller (.5.) Manuel de Physiologie, par J. Muller, professeur d’Anatomie et de Phy- siologie de l'Universite de Berlin; traduit de ’Allemand sur la derniere edition, avec des additions, par A.-J.-L. Jourdan, membre de l’Academie imperiale de medecine. MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. 3 $c. Deuxieme edition, reyue et annotee par E, Littre, membre de |’Institut, de la Societe de biologie, ete. Paris, 1851, 2 beaux vol. grand Syo, de chacun 800 pages sur papier fin cavalier, accompagnes ce ’320 figures intercalees dans le texte A 2 ner - 5 00 Or half bound . : Ss - . 2yPR i - 6 00 Les additions importantes faites a cette edition par M, Littre, et dans lesquelles il ex- pose et analyse les derniers trayaux publies en physiologie, feront rechercher parti-: culierement cette deuxieme edition, qui devient le sewd livre de physiologie complet representant bien l’etat actuel de la science. Riurphy (£. W.) Lectures on Complex Labour and Lactation. Svo. London, 1852, 2 25 Midwifery, complete. Svo. London, 1852 F ss 5 2 " 478 Waegele. Manual d’accouchements a l’usage des eleves sages-femmes. Augmentee et annotee par J. Jacquemier, suivi de la Saignee de la Vaccine et d’un questionnaire com- plet. avec figures intercalees dans le texte. 12mo. Paris, 18538. 3 3 + 1,25 Weligan (J.WH.) Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, post Syo. London, 1852 4 275 Noble (@B.) Elements of Psychological Medicine; an piper i to the Practical Study of Insanity. S8yo. London, 1852 F - 3 4 - 225 Numn (FE. W.) Treatise on Varicose Veins and Ulcers, saat 8vo. dato; 1852, . 088 Nystem. PBictionnaire des termes de medecine, de chirurgie, de pharmacie, des sciences accessoires et de l’art veterinaire, de P.-H: Nysten; Dixieme edition revue et conside- rablement augmentee, avec la synonymie Grecque, Latine, Anglaise, Allemande, Espa- gnole et Italienne, suivi d’un vocabulaire de ces diverses languages, par MM. E. Littre, et Ch. Robin. Illustre de 250 figures intercalees dans le texte. Paris, 1854, 1 tres fort volume grand 8yo., de 1100 pages a 2 colonnes . = : . < : . Or half Calf. 3 : i = ; S: F . i Les progres incessants de la science rendaient necessaires, pour cette dixieme edition, de nombreuses additions, une revision generale de l’ouvrage, et plus d’unite dans Vensemble des mots consacres aux theories nouvelles et aux faits nouveaux que les progres de l’anatomie, de la physiologie, pathologie, etc., ont crees. C’est M. E. Lit- tre, connu par sa vaste erudition et par son savoir etendu dans la literature medi- Cale, nationale et etrangere, qui s’est charge de cette tache importante, avec la colla- boration de M. le docteur Ch. Robin, que de recents travaux ont place si haut dans la science. Une Addition importante qui sera appreciee des travailleurs de tous les pays, c’est la Synonymie Grecque, Latine, Anglaise, Allemande, Espagnole, Italienne, qui est ajoutee a cette dixieme edition, et qui avec les Vocabulaires en fera un Dic- tionnaire polyglotte. @ribase (Oeuvres de( texte grec, en grande partie inedit, collationne sur les manu- scrits, traduit pour la premiere fois en francais, avee une introduction, des notes, des tables et des planches, par les docteurs Bussemaker et Daremberg. Tome 11, 8vo. 3 56 Orfiila. Traite de medecine legale, quatrieme edition, augmentee et suivie du Traite des exhumations juridiques. Paris, 1848, 4 vol. Svo. fig., avec atlas de 26 planches . - 7 50 Toxicologie generale, cinquieme edition. Paris, 1852,2 vol. 8vo. . 3 - 5 00 @rr’s Circle of the Sciences: a Series of Treatises, embracing the Principles of the various Sciences, with their ied wena. to gi Practical oe of Daily Life. Vol. 1 oo as —Organic Nature. 8vo. if b - 0 88 Paget (J.) Lectures on Surgical Pathology, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. London, 1853 : 3 3 : - 8 50 Parker (L.) Treatment of Syphilitic ees Nerves, &c. Svo. -geraott 1854. - 8 00 Watissier. Rapport sur le Service des Etablissements Thermaux. 4to. Paris,1852 .1 26 Pereira (J.) The Hlements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. By Jonathan Pereira, M.D. 3d edition, enlarged and improved. rae ee in 2 vols. bound in 8 half ef. London, 1853. - : : : 5 ; ; Selection of Prescriptions, with Key. 82mo. — 1954 - 5 “ - 150 Percival) (W.) The Diseases of the Chest and “nah vader of the Horse. Vol. 2. Parti. New edition, 8vo. = Hippopathology. V.4. Pt. 2 with Fade: Sve. Honan, 1858 E : . 5 50 The Anatomy of the Horse embracing the Structure of the Foot. S8vo. London . 6 00 Pickford (Dr.) Treatise on True and False Spermatorrhea. 8yo - - - 150 Piorry. Dieu, l’Ame Ja Nature, Poeme, par P.-A. Piorry, ora ee de la Faculte de medecine de Paris. 1. vol. grand 8vo. papier velin. . « 5 . Pirrie (W.) Principles and Practice of Surgery. 8vo. London, 1958 th ‘ - 6 00 Quain (Ric.) Lectures on Diseases of the Rectum, post 8vo. London, 1854 . ~ 2 Quetelet. De l’Influence des Saisons sur la Mortalite aux differents ages. 4to. 1938 . 050 Quissac (J.) Delabus des bains de ai de leur PARED des cas ou is conviennent, Paris, 1853. 8yo. F, a ‘ pe . Ranking (W. a Abstract of Medical Science. V. 18, post Bro. London, daly to Dec. 1853 . ‘ y F P . 200 Raspail (f.-V.) Histoire naturelle de la sante et dela maladie chez les vegetaux et chez les animaux en general, et en particulier chez Vhomme, suivi d'un formulaire pour 10 MEDICINE, SURGERY, &c. rr ee c une nouvelle methode de traitement hygienique et curatif, 2e edit., augmentee. 2 vol. ; 8yo, avec 12 planches. Halfbeund . 2 : . s 5 F é Becueil des travaux de la Societe medicale de Geneve. Premiere annee. Geneve, 1853,. Svo de 302 pages . yates 2 . - . ws . . De memoires de medecine, de chirurgie et de pharmacie militaires, rediges, sous la surveillance du conseil de sante, par MM. Jacob, Boudin; et, par interim, A. Judas. Publie par ordre du ministre de la guerre. 2e serie. 12e volume. 8vo. Paris, 1853. 2 00 Reid’s (Johm) Physiological, Anatomical, and Pathological Researches. Svyo. Edinb. reduced . - ‘ 5 : ‘ F . 3 - 2°25 weet (A-) Cours elementaire d’Hygiene en vingt-cinq-lecons. 12mo. Paris, . . . . . . - > . . Renauldin (L.=J.) Etudes historiques et critiques sur les medecins numismatistes, contenant leur biographie et l’analyse de leur ecrits. Paris, 1851. 8vo . ; . 200 Requin. Elements de pathologie medicale. Paris. 1843-1852, tomes, I, I et II. Svo. 5 50 L’ouvrage aura 4 vol. Svo. Reveille-Parise. Traite de la Vieillesse, Hygienique, Medical et Philosophique, ou recherches sur l’etat physiologique, les facultes morales, les maladies de lage avance, et sur les moyens les plus surs, les mieux experimentes de soutenir et de prolonger Pacti- vite vitale a cette epoque de l’existence. Paris, 1853, 1 vol. Svo., halfbound . ~20 Reybard. Traite des retrecissement du canal de luretre. (Ouwvrage courronne par "Academie imperiale de medecine.) Paris, 1853. S8vo., fig . s . . 200 Ricord (Ph.) Clinique iconographique de ’hopital des Veneriens. Recueil d’observa- tions suivies de considerations pratiques sur les maladies qui ont ete traitees dans cet hopital.. Paris, 1843-1851. Cet ouvrage est complet; il a ete publie en 22 livraisons, et forme 1 vol. gr. 4to, avec 66 pl. color., et portrait de l’auteur 3 : , 86 00 Lettres sur la Syphilis, addressees a M. le redacteur de l’ Union medieale. Nou- velle edition. Paris, 1854. Svo . A - = Bobin (Chartes) et Werdeil. Traite de Chimie Anatomique et Physiologique Noumale et Pathologique, ou des principles immediats normaux et morbides que con- situent le corps de ’homme et des Mammiferes, 8 vols.,8vo. Avec Atlas de 45 plan- ches gravees en partie colories . ‘ : c 4 x 7 ~ - 9 00 Or in half calf, bound in Paris . » - . = = . Ti 00 “ Chymia egregia ancilla medicine; non alia pejor domina.” Lind. Traite de Scorbut. Paris, 1756, t. I. p. 78. “The object of this work is to place within the reach of Anatomists and Physicians the means of recognising the microscopic and molecular constitution of organised sub- tances in their three fundamental conditions, liquid, demi-solid and solid. It is not the study of organised matter itself which is here made, but of the parts which com- pose it. The substance itself, regarded in its different conditions, liquid and solid, and the form, consistence, color, &c., which this latter condition takes, will be ex- amined in a work now in press, and to which the present work forms an indispensable introduction.”’—Extract from the Preface. Roosbroeck (3. vam.) Cours d'Ophthalmologie enseigne a l'Universite de Gand, ou Traite theorique et pratique des maladies des yeux. Gand, 1852, 2 vol. 8yo . - 400 Royle (J. ¥.) A Manual of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, including the Prepara- tions of the Pharmacopceias of London, Edinburgh, and Dublin, with many new medi- cines. New edit., crown 8vo, Woodcuts - E 3 : : -3 75 Romberg (3%. Hi. A.) Manual of the Nervous Diseases of Man, translated by E. H. Sieveking. 2 vols. 8vyo. Published by the Sydenham Society. London, 1858 . 9 Sandras. Traite des maladies nerveuses. Paris, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. : a . 3 00 Sappy (C.) Traite d’Anatomie descriptive. Paris, 1847-1854, 2 volumes S8yo, avec fig. intercalees dans le texte. 5 : “ . > ‘ = . 5 00 Sappeye Recherches sur la conformation Exterieure et sur la Structure de l’Uretre. Syo. — Saulsohn. De Urethre Stricturis. 4to 2 . ‘ . : . - 0 75 Saurel (L.-3.) Chirurgie navale, ou Etudes cliniques sur les maladies Chirurgicales que l’on observe le plus communement a bord des batiments de guerre. wes 1853. fs 8vo. ° : 5 : ° é ° ; ‘ : F ‘ Schultz. De Abmentorum Concoctione. 4to. ¢ 5 z é a . 0 50 Schupke. De Luxatione. 4to. Berlin, 1816. ; : 4 i J . 0 56 Sedillot (C.) Traite de medecine operatoire, bandages et appareils. Deuxieme edition. Paris, 1852-1854, 2 vols. 8vo, publies en 4 parties, avec fig. Le premier vol., en 2 part est en vente. - 3 5 y ; j F 6 . ; - 200 Segond (..=4.) Hygiene du chanteur, influence du chant sur l’economie animale. Paris, 1846,1 vol.8yo . . . i : F 4 * ‘ . 0 75 —— De l’action comparative du regime animal et du regime vegetal sur la constitution physiqut et sur le moral de Vhomme. Paris, 1850. 4to . ‘aal , 2 / Histoire et Systematisation generale de la Biologie, principalement destinee a servir d’introduction aux etudes medicales. Paris, 1851. 12mo. de 204 pages . , - 075 — Anatomie et Physiologie du sysme capillaire sauguin. Paris, 1853. 4to. avec 2 pl. 0 75 MEBELOCINE, SORGERY, &e. 11 cu $c. Serre (d’Alais.) Essai sur les Phosphenes ou anneaux lumineux de la retine, consi- deres dans leur Fapporis. avec la Pere et la gommcic de la vision. Paris, 1853, 8yo. a 2 . 200 Sestier (F.) Praite de Paneine, Farmhace Silene a Ee 1852 . 200 Sichel (J.) Iconographie Ophthalmoiogique, ou Descriptions et fig. colorieeg des mala- dies de l’organe de la yue, comprenant |’anatomie pathologique, la pathologie et la the- rapeutique medico- chirurgicales, par le décteur J. Sichel, professeur d’ophthalmologie, medecin-oculiste des maisons d’education de la Legion- -d’Honneur, etc. 1852-1854. Cet ouyrage sera publie en 20 regains Une livraison ree toutes les six se- maines. Prixdechaque. . q 2 « 200 Simon (Wax.) Hygiene du corps et aid lame, ou Conseils sur la air Refton physique et morale de la vie, adresses aux ouvriers des villes et des oe init 1853. 12mo. de 130 pages - : : : « 0 25 Simpson (J. W.) Ghiletvdtiond to Obstetric Pathology 2 suid Practice. Part1. Svo. Edinburgh, 1853 . F > - - 075 Symptoms and en of premighag: post Syo. 2 . F F 1 37% Skedas (Josh.) A Treatise on Auscultation and Percussiou. Svo. London, 1853 .1 75 Traite de Percussion et d’Auscultation. 12mo. Paris, 1854 . 2 ’ cg Smee (A.) The Eye in Health and Disease. 2d edit., Svo : . - 150 Smith (J.) Fruits and Farinacea the Proper Food of Man: being an At to prove from History, Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry, that the Original, Natural, and best Biet of Man is derived from the Vegetable Kingdom. 2d edit. 12mo - Sperimo. La syphilisation etudiee comme methode curative et comme moyen prophylac- tique des maladies veneriennes, traduit de litalien, par A. Tresal. Turin, 1853. 8vo. 2 50 Spoomer (WW. €.) A Treatise on the Structure Yancue and Diseases of Foot and Leg of the Horse. 12mo. London . 2% Spurgin (John.) Six Lectures on Materia Medica sah its Relations to the ‘Animal Economy. 8yo . sek ee ite cage John.) A Manat for the College of eee in apne Dublin, ea Edin- burgh. nd edit. post Svo. London . - - - = - - - 3 00 Steimheim, Doctrina Veterum. 4to . : 2 : E - 0 50 Stevens (WV.) Gheceeatians on the Nature and Treatment of the Asiatic Cholera. Syo. London, 1853 a . 3 00 Stokes (Wm.) On the Dikenies of ite Heart and the Waintieg Syo. renee 1854 .5 50 Stowe (‘w.) A Toxicological Chart, exhibiting at one View the Symptoms, Treatment, and Mode of detecting the various Poisons, Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal: to which are added Concise Directions for the Treatment of. ae sie Animation. 11th edit. varnished and mounted on cloth, with roller . - f -173 Swan (J.) Plates of the Brain, in Explanation of the Nervous Byetimn! Ato. 22 plates. 6 50 Syme (James. On Diseases of the Rectum. 38rd edit. Svo F 2 -137 Tabourin (#.) Nouveautraite de matiere medicale, de eae? i gee et de pring 7 veterinaires. Paris, 1853, 1 vol. Svo, fig : - 250 Tamplin (&. W.) Treatment of Lateral Gaeeiee of the Suitte’ Syo. rere 1852. 1 25 Tardieu (Ambr.) Dictionnaire (hygiene publique et de salubrite, ou Repertoire de toutes les questions relatives a la sante publique, considerees dans leurs rapports avec les subsistances, les epidemies, les professions, les etablissements et institutions d’hygi- ene et de salubrite, complete par le texte des lois, decrets, arretes, ordonnances et ins- tructions qui s’y rattachent. . Paris, 1852-1854, 3 vols. gr. Svo a7 . . 6 00 Thomas (#.) The Modern Practice of Physic; exhibiting the Symptoms, Causes, Pro- gnostics, Morbid Appearances, and Treatment of the Diseases of all Climates, 11th edition, thoroughly revised, ‘pannel and to a considerable extent rewritten, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1853. i “ - : 2 ; .8 Thomson (fheo.) Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. London, 1853. " (f.) The Pathology and Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra both in the Male and Female, ee the Jacksonian Prize 7 for 1852. Syo. Illustration, London, 1853 z a : A 2 : ‘ i ‘ - 8 00 (Ss) A i pee te of Domestic mph and Household Surgery. New edit. Svo. London, 1858 A ¢ ‘ < : : q ~ 212% Wilt (E.-J.) On Diseases of Women and Ovarian Inflammation in p Rapengnee to Moshe Menstruation, Sterility, &c. 2d edit. 8vo. London, 1853 . . 275 — — And Bowman, Fae sical Anaeong Pt. 4. val iis ae ee . é - 450 Vol I. Pts. 1 and 9, each J 7 i * 212% Clinical Lectures on Paralysis, Diseases of the Heain, and the Affections of 50 Ner- yous System. 12mo. London, 1852. . . 5 2 Wodd’s Cyclopxdia of Anatomy and Pliyalntou. VOREV:*. ‘ F Fi 20 00 12 MEDICINE, SURGERY. &c. a The work complete in 4 large, thick vols., fully illustrated, and containing treatises by aS the most eminent 5) aie of England, “—s and paris Half bound in russia. . : 65°00 Toogood (J.) Hdndtitacen cts of a Medical Life; with Cases and Tlustésitidns 1853. . 175 Transactions, Medico-Chirurgical Society. Vol. 85. S8vo. : ¢ é . 5 50 Trousseau et Fideux. Traite de therapeutique et de matiere medicale. 4e edi- tion. Paris, 1851. 2 vol., Svo. . ° Pe . : 7 . 3 00 Or half calf 4 : ‘ > . F : - 400 Wzac(J.) De la chlorose vy © peas | Paris, 1853. Gr. 8vo. . Z ap Walentin (G.) A Text-Book of Physiology. With upwards of 500 illustrations on wood, copper, and stone. Svo. London, 1503. » . = a Wallieix (F. LL. 3.) Guide du medecin praticien, ou Resume een de pathologie interne et de therapeutique appliquees. TZroisieme edition, revue, corrigee et aug- mentee. Paris, 1$53-1554, 5 beaux volumes er and Syo, de chacun 760 pales ‘a 11 25 Orinhalfcalf . : ° 5 13 75 Cet ouvrage est creel Bee ts a Ee les regles du atdenontis ‘et a diriger le praticien dans le traitement des maladies. Puis, arrivant au traitement, il l’etudie chez les anciens et les modernes, appreciant la valeur de chaque medication, citant les principales formules, exposant les procedes operatoires, donnant des ordonnances suivant les cas, en un mot alliant la ae la ala pelea, de maniere qu’elles s’eclairent Pune l’autre. A ' J . 8 50 Traite des Neva aee ou Affections douloureuses my eee Paris 1841. Syo. de 720 pages. . 2 - 200 Van Oven (R.) on the poe of Life in Health abe ieee? Baie an Atteiipt to In- vestigate the Causes of Langer, and wey Best met of fissure Healthful Old Age. 8yo. London, 1853. : 2 - 3 00 Welpeau. Traite des maladies on sein ae de rs region mammaire. Paris, 1954. 8vo., avec 8 pl. coloriees. - = = e : 3 . Orhalfbound . 2 : : 2 S rs 73 50 Vernois et Becquerel. Du lait chez la femme dans Vetat de sante et de maladie, mémoire suivi de nouvelles recherches sur la composition du lait chez la vache, la cheyre, la jument, la brebis etla chienne. Paris, 1853. $yo. ; . . Werral (€.) A Practical Treatise on Lateral Curvature of the Benne with Dive ape for securing its effectual Removal. 2d edition. 8vo. he mv Vidal (de Cassis). Traite de Pathologie externe et de Medecine operatoire, ayec des. Resumes d’anatomie des tissus et des regions. Troisieme edition entierement refondue et considerablement augmentee. Paris, 1851. 5 vol. Syo. de chacun 800 pages avec 520 1 figures intercalees dans le texte. 5 3 7 . . . “ 0 00 Orhalfbound . : npr Sr P- . ° . = 12 50 Traité des maladies veneriennes. Paris, 1853. S8vo, avec 6 pl. col. s - 2 50 Wagener (R.) Elements of the. Cemparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate Animals, Edited by A. Tulk. 8yvo. half calf. London, 1845. . 4 : ° Wahu et Jamain. Annuairede medecine et de chirurgie pratiques annes ghasiss a 1854, neuf annees formant 9 volumes 32mo., prix de chaque. » . Weber. De Aure et Auditu Hominis et Animalium, 4to. Leipsig, 1820. . : - 100 Wrest (€.) An Enquiry into the Patholbgical Payortance of Cerra of the Os Uteri. 8vyo. London, 18054. . Put White (3.) A Compendium of ire Veterinary Art. “48th Dereon Edited by Spooner. Svo. London, 1851 - . Wilde’s (W. H.) Practical Dipsensfonr on Averal pie hates and the Natare at Treat- ment of the Ear. Svo. Woodcuts. London, 1853. Philadelphia, 1853. 2 ° Wilson (E.) Treatise on Syphilis. S8vo. : : : : 475 Healthy Skin: a Popular Treatise on the Skin and Hair, their Preservation and Management. By Erasmus Wilson. 4th edition. 12mo. . ° - P . The Dissector’s Manual of Practical and Surgical Anatomy. By Erasmus Wilson. 2d edition. Wood engravings. 12mo. London, 1653. - Pi din: Wearsley (J.) Throat Afni ys more paresiy the aulareen Tonsil na Monartee Uvula. 5th edit. S8vo. . Wvaren (P.) Des a a la Se hiis Pe sur an dtasnpatie que la syphilis peut simuler, ete. Syo. Paris, 1854. . 3 ‘ : . : BHOM@GOPATHY, AND NOVELTIES IN MEDICINE. 13 HOMEOPATHY, AND NOVELTIES IN MEDICINE Blundell @ e ®:) Medicina Mechanica; Cure of Chronic Disease oe) movements, 8yo. . . . uaeend (EL. Cte H. do.) Linea dans les faits, Bro. Hordeeas 18538. 0 TS BDesguidi(S.) Lettre aux medecins francais sur la medecine homeopathique. Troi- sieme edition augmentee, avec les biographies et portraits de Hahnemann et Desguidi plusieurs lettres importantes, sail le docteur F, Perrussel. Boris, 1852, er. 8yo., de 144 pages avec portraits . - 100 Castaimg. Verite de Geimncnatila ou a Theotie a donates Paction, le sade: exalt des Remedes Infinitesemaux. Syo. ‘Toulouse, 1853 . g - 078 Dickon (5.) The ‘pransiples of the Chrono-Thermal syEien of Medicine. Sto. New York, 1845. > - 150 Dudgeon (i. E.) egies on Theory ma Prantinn of Homeopathy. 12mo. Lon- don, 1954. 2 5 . ~ 225 Espanct (Al.) Clinique medicale homoeopatbique de Staouel (Algerie) 1850. Svo. Paris, 1851. - 100 Hartmann (Fr. ) Mipteancritanb Taevpa thine aca salagias Aigues et des maladies Chroniques, traduit de l’Allemand sur la troisieme edition, par A.-J.-L. Jourdan et Schlesinger. Paris, 1847-1849, 2 vol.8vo 3 -" : a - 400 Or half bound . : . « ‘ -5 00 —— Therapeutique Reitmanneaians aa8 maladies des enfants, traduit de Allemand, avec des notes par le docteur Leon Simon. Svo. Paris, 1853. - . - 200 Orhalf bound . : ‘ + 250 Hiaycock (W.) Elements of Veterinary Ho uceopathy, post Svo. * London, 1852 3 00 Jahr et Catellan. Nouvelle pharmacopee homcopathiqne, ou Histoire naturelle et preparation des medicaments homcopathiques, et Posologie ou administration des doses. Nouvelle edition, corrigee et augmentee, accompagnee de 135 planches inter- ealees dans le texte. 12mo. Paris 1853. : : 2 . , -175 Jahr. Du traitement home@opathique des maladies de la peau et ~— lesions exterieures en general, par le docteur G.-G.-H.. Jahr. 1 vol. Svo. Paris, 1850. é é - 200 —— Notices elementaires sur l’homeopathie et la maniere de la pratiquer, avec quel- ques uns des effets les plus importants de dix des re pcre remedes homceopathiques. Troisieme edition augmentee. 8vo. Paris, 1853 . . < * - 0 50 Du traitement homceopathique des maladies nerveuses ‘et de plusieurs autres affec- tions chroniques, telles que les nevralgies, les douleurs rhumatismales et orthritiques, les paralysies, la chlorose, la jeunisse, les sap etc., par le docteur G. G. H. Jahr. Paris, 1854. 1vol. 12mo. - a a > . - 150 Luther (C.) Sir E. Bulwer Lytton on Hdmevpathy.. Svo. swed . ~ . 030 Rionestrol (de) et Perrussel. De lhomeopathie, de sa doctrine de ses prescrip- tions et du regime a suivre pendant le traitement des maladies aigues ou chroniques. 8e edit. 12mo. Paris, 1853 5 ; = - : : s - 0 2 Salevert de Fayolle. Principles dela doctrine medicale homceopathique (1° unite de la loi therapeutique ; 2° superiorite des moyens homceopathiques sur les autres; 30 pratique medicale homceopathique). 8yo. Paris, 1853 + : : - 150 Simpson (J. W.) Homeopathy; its Tenets and Tendencies, Theoretical, So ae and Therapeutical. By James Y. Simpson. 3d edition, Sve. Edinburgh. 3 Keste. Systematisation pratique fe la matiere eas ee ye 8vo. 12mo: Paris, 1853. é t . 200 Turmbuli(A.) An Tppauleation aie the Remevkabie Medicinal Eifects pentane from the External application of Veratria. Syvyo. London, i834 .150 %WWeber (G.) Codex des medicaments homeeopathiques, ou Pharmacopee pratique et Taisonnee a usage des medecins et des pharmaciens. Svo. Paris, 1854. < = ————S———EE—EEE EE SPANISH HOMEOPATHIC WORKS. Hahnemann. Exposicion de la doctrina medica Hawmecpeted, ROSEREEA del arte de Curar. 8vo. Madrid, 1846 . . . ° . . 200 flartmann. Tratado Practico de Terapeutica Homeopatica oa las token agudas y cronicas. 2 vols. 8vo. Madrid, 1851. . 7 . 6 00 Terapeutica Homeopatica de las Enfermedades de los Ninos. ¥S4 Madria, 1853 . 2 25 iering. Medicina Homeopatica Domestica, o Guia de las Familias. Svo. Madrid, 1850. 2 25 Jahr. Nueva Farmacopea y Posologia ——— ° Modo de aie: los Medica- mentos. Svo. Madrid, 1848. . : " ? , Nuevo Manual de Materia Medica Protibeigilitcnd 4 ivatth Svo. Madrid, 1848 . 9 50 ure El Medico Homeopata de Si Mismo. 12mo. Madrid, 1852 . - : ~ tm 14 / NATURAL HISTORY, GECLOGY, BOTANY, &c. $c. aie 17 Guia dal Homeopata, o fetamiento de Mas de Mil Enfermedades. 12mo. Madrid, Teste. wedtado Homeopatico de las Bnforisaael agudas y cronicas ee los Ninos. Valencia, 1850 . - eo : . e . . 200 NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, CONCHOLOGY, ENTOMOLOGY.—THE MICROSCOPE. Adams (A.) A Manual of Natural History, for the use of Travellers; being a Descrip- tion of the Families of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms, with Remarks on the Prac- tical Study of Geology and Mineralogy: to which is appended, Directions for Collecting and Preserving. By Arthur Adams; Wm. B. Baikie, M.D.; and Chas. Barron. 8yo . 3 60 (C. B.) Contributions to Uaadkoroey: 8yo. . + 2% Amyet. Entomologie francaise; Rhynchotes. Paris, 1848, 1 vol. ari,, avec 5 pl . 2 00 Amyot et Serville. Hemipteres (Cigales, idemsahis: Poenenelesy etc. ) 8vo., et une livraison de pl., coloriees. “ - 3% Archiac (A. d@’.) Histoire des Ae de la iad de 1934 a 1852, Tome dD. For- mation cretacee. (2e partie.) Svo., plus un tableau. Paris, 1853. 5 - 200 Archiac et Haime. Description des Fossiles de la Formation nummulitique de V’Inde. 2 livraisons, each ‘ . . Bailliere’s Ethnographical Library, eonantted by BE Norri is, Esq. Vol. T The Native Races of the Indian Archipelago. “ealenania By G. W. Earl. Post pie five coloured Plates and two Maps. London, 1853 . - 200 Balfour (J. Hi.) Class Book of Botany, feta an cingpatbignee to the Study of the Vegetable Aingiam. Pt. 2, Enseloipaieal aad Svo, with 1800 ER a Lon- don, 1854 . - 650 Baudriment oe Martin iarees ot een eghordies adenine et Physiolo- giques sur le developpement du Feetus, et particulierement sur Yeyolution embryonaire des oiseaux et des batraciens. Paris, 1850, 4to, avec 18 pl. gravees et coloriees. Bautier. patleay Analytigue de la Flore Pak ae POOHENS eal 8yvo. Paris, 1853. 3 Belli(F.) A History of the British Stalk Byed Crustacea: ‘ro, with Wt wood anes ings . " - - T5C Billardiere. Mendtetm sur faa moyen ‘employe rap jes Rainettes, pour s inves ic long des corps meme les plus lisses. 4to . . . . ’ Pe |) Black’s General Atlas: comprehending uci Golonvea Maps engraved on Steel, in the first style of Art, by Sidney Hall, William Hughes, &c. Embracing all the Latest Discoveries, obtained from Government Surveys and Expeditions, Books of Recent Travel, and other Sources; with Introductory Chapters on Geography and Statistics of the various Countries of the World, anda aye Index of 65, 000 Names. New edit., folio, half-bound mor. gilt edges. - : 15 00 Blanchard (E.) L’organisation du regne Ager Paris, 1852- 1983, c ouvrage publie par livraisons contenant chacune 2 planches grand ae a et coloriees avec texte. 9 livraisons sont en vente; prix de chaque . - 150 Blyth (E£.) Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Asiatic ‘Society. By a Blyth, Published by Order of the Society. London, 1853. 8vo,cloth . . 3 75 Boisduval et Guenee. Lepidopteres (Papillons) : Tome ek avec 2 liaisons de pl.; tomes 5, 6 et 7, avec 2 liv. de pl.: coloriees. % 12 50 Bonnefoux. Vie de Christophe de Colomb. Svo. Witha opiate. Paris, 1853. Pa ha ( Brown. System der Urweltlichen Pflanzen thiere, Folio. Plates. Heidelberg, 1825. . 2 50 (1.) .The Taxidermist’s Manual. lith edit. 12mo London, 1853. “ a ee Burrow (Rev. C. J.) Elements of Conchology, rageortin 4 to the Linnzan System. Tlustrated by 28 plates. London, 1845. Half calf. " . 800 Candolle (We). Botanique (Introduction a etude de la), ou Traite diesen de cette science, contenant l’Organographie, la Physiologie, etc. 2 vol. et 8 pl. 2 . 400 Cap (P. A.) Trois Regnes de la eo Museum d’Histoire Bamtele: Roy. 8yo., colored plates, portraits. . ? : Cassin (J.) Illustrations of the Birds of California, we sofesois British and Russian America: forming a Supplement to Audubon’s Birds of America. Sint John Cassin. S8vo. edit. (Philadelphia), in 30 parts. Part 1, 2 and 3. ‘ P . " Catiow (%iaria F.) Popular Scripture Zoology, containing a familiar History of the » Animals mentioned in the Bible. 18mo., colored plates. London, 1852. er) Chenu. Encyclopedie d’Histoire pairs & Royal 8yo., beautifully illustrated, at, pervol. . a ee ‘ . . . . . ° . Orhalfbound, . - 800 Coleopteres, 2 vols.: Papillons, 1 vol. ; "Oiseaux, 8 vols. ; Quadrumanes, 1 yol.; Carnas- siers,1 vol.; Botanique,2 vols, NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, &c. 13 Ghevalier. Manuel des Myopes. 8yo. i é ‘ i " : » Cocks (5.) The Sea-Weed Collector’s Guide; containing Plain Instructions for Collec- ting and Preserving, and a List of all the known ak “and a cae in Great Britain. 12mo. London, 1853. ' E * ; - 0 75 Coste. Histoire Generale et pareieaners du Vevetaipeithe aes corps Organises, publiee sous les auspices du ministre de l’Instruction Publique. Paris, 1848-1850, 3 volumes S8vo, avec 50 planches grand in-plano, gravees en taille-douce, imprimees en couleur, et accompagnees de contre-epreuves portant la lettre. Prix de la livraison. 8 livraisons sont en vente, texte et planches. —— Instructions sur la Pisciculture, 12mo . F} C 3 = - 100 Crabb (G.) Dictionary of General Knowledge; comprising an Explanation of Words and Things connected with Literature and Science, &c. 5th edition, corrected, en- larged, and brought down to the nregent fine, by the Rey. Henry Davis. 8yvo. 700 engravings. London,1853. . : - 275 Cuvierys. Animal Kingdom ananged according to Or, rganization, by H. MeMurtrie, with Illustrations, 8vo, half cf. A . ° - 400 Cetaces (Daleines, Dauphins, ate Syvo, avec 29 ploaiteed ies coloriees . « 4 62 De la Beche (HG. FT.) The Geological Observer. By Sir aoe T. Dela Beche. 2d edition, revised. Svo, London, 1853. : 5 ‘ 4 wt Beshayes (&.=P.) Traite elementaire de iosieleg eles avec Yapplication de cette science a la geognosie. Paris, 1839-1853, 3 vol. Syo, avec environ 140 planches, qui se- ront publiees en 20 livraisons. Prix de chaque, fig. noires. . . . - 12 Figures coloriees. (15 livraisons sonten vente) . : - 3 00 Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques forming, part of the Manlaraton de l’Algerie undertaken by the French Government, 25 livraisons, the plates colored . 100 This work book as regards Printing and Engraving, surpasses every thing that has been done. Dictionnaire universe] d’histoire naturelle, par MM. Arago, Bazin, Becque- rel, Bibron, Blanchard, Boitard, Ad. Brongniart, C. Broussais, Brule, Chevrolat, Decais- ne, Delafosse, Deshayes, J. Desnoyers, Alcide et Charles @’Orbigny, Doyere, Dujardin, Duyernoy, Milne Edwards, Elie de Beaumont, Flourens, Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, Gerard, Gervais, de Jussieu, de Lafresnaye, Laurillard, Lemaire, Leveille, Lucas Martin Saint- Ange, Moutagne, ©. Prevost, de Quatrefages, re Richard, Riviere, Roulin, Spach, Va- » lenciennes, ect., et dirige par M. Charles d’Orbigny. Paris, 1840-1848. 13 fort vols. Se accompagne dun atlas de 288 planches coloriees 5 FH , ° 55 00 coloured = » ‘ 100 00 Dieffenbach. Ueber ae Pranefasion des blutes und die infusion der Arzeneien. Berlin, 133, 8vo . . ‘ 5 2 : z ° . 2 50 La chirurgie, par Ch. Phillips. Berlin, 1840, 8yo, avec 4 pl . S . 450 Diesing (C.=£.) Systema helminthum cesarex peer ina beh har Ap sumptibus edita. Vindobone, 1850-1851,2vol.8vo. « 3 » 700 Boubleday (E.) And Westwood, Genera of Butterflies, 2 vols. imp. aves ‘ 90 00 Dubreuil (i. A.) Cours penierere theorique et sesrapii a 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1851. ‘ ‘ é é Duges (Ant.) ediovches sur Y Osleologie et la Myologie aes BaAtrediing) 4to. avec z) planches. Paris, 1854 . A . 2 00 Dujardin. Infusoires (Animateates mloroscopiques), 1 yol. avec 2 livraisons de * te. coloriees ; : 4 Helminthes, ou vew fauna 1 vol. avec une iyraudet de pl. 8yo. plates col. 3 25 Dumeril et Bibrom. Reptiles (Serpents, Lizards, Grenouilles, Tortues, ete. ) 9 vol. et 9 livraisons de planches, fig. coloriees, half bound’ in calf » Les tomes 1 a t. 8 sont en vente; le tome 9 paraitra incessamment F Encefalotomniia Di alcuni Cetacei. 4to. Coloured Plates ‘ 5 A » 100 Elie de Beaumont. Notice sur les Systemes des Montages. 3 vols. 18mo. Paris, 1852. 8 75 Encyclopedia Britannica (the). Highth edit. males by T. 8. Trail, MM. D., F.R.S.E. Vol. 1, Dissertations, complete. 4to . a . 5 50 Exploration Scientifique de lAlgerie, ebharcher. sur POrigine et les Migrations des principales Tribes de l'Afrique Septentrionale, roy. Svo. Paris, 1854. . 800 Forbes (£.) and Manley (S.) A History of British Mollusca and thetr. Shells. Illustrated by a figure of each known animal and of all the Shells. Engraved on 202 Copper-plates, 4 vols. Syo. J . ‘ ° ’ ° > e 89 00 Royal 8vo. with the plates coloured. A 4 78 00 ———(J. WD.) Norway and its Glaciers visited i in 1851, By James D. Forbes. Royal 8yo. with map and coloured illustrations, Edinburgh, 1853 . . , ° Fraissinet. Japan (le). Histoire et description. Rapports avec ie Buropeanpy Ex- pedition americaine. Deux volumes. 12mo. Paris, 1854 . . ‘ 7 22 Francheville. Conjectures sur le cas que aha = ont prt area tou- tes vivantes par les Souris. 4to ° . Gallimi. Considerazione sullo stato stants della ales del — umano. 4to . . 0 50 16 NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, &c. $c. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire (f.) Zoologie General (Supplement a Buffon), ou Me- moires et notices sur la zoologie, Panthropologie et Vhistoire de la science, S8yo, avec atlas, figures coloriees ~ c ‘ : : c . , Histoire naturelle generale des regnes hci principalement etudice chez Vhomme et les animaux. Tome ler. Svo . 4 : 2 : 2 Gervais (faw!.) Zoologie et Paleontologie pecreate animaux vertebres ou nou- velles recherches sur les animaux vivants et fossiles de la France. 2 We i et un atlas de 80 planches. (Ouvrage complet) . 2 25 00 Gifford (#.) The Marine Botanist: an Introduction to the Study of the British Sea Weeds; containing Description of all the can Me and the best method of preserving them. 38d edit.,12mo. London, 1853 . . . ° . 2 25 Giovene. Di alcuni Pesci del mare di Puglia. 4to . , - . - 0 50 Girard. Researches upon Nemerteans and Planarians, 4to. Plates. Philadelphia, 1854. 1 00 Gobineau (A. de). Essai sur l’Inegalite des races Humaines. T. 1 et2. 8vo. Prix . 4 00 Cet ouvrage formera 4 volumes. Il a pour de developper une nouvelle formule his- torique, et resume dans un tableau complet les grandes phases de Vhumanite. I ap- puie ses demonstrations sur l’ensemble des plus recentes decouyvertes de la science. Gosse (P. Hi.) A Naturalist’s Rambles on the Coast of Pemoneltines Post 8vo. Litho- grapic Engravings. London,18538 s A 5 4 . 6 50 ——— Popular British fe gi iar’ ising all the British Birds. A New Edition. 20 Plates. Royali6mo . 4 ; 5 A . 8 00 Gray (A.) Botanical Text Book. gine New York, “1845 P = . ° - 175 Grisebach (4.) Bericht uber die Leistungen en der eeographivehen und Systematis- chen Botanik wahrend des Jahres, 1849. 8vo. 1851. a . 0 87 HMammover(A.) On the Construction and Use of the Micsirte ones Edited by John Goodsir. Svo. Edinburgh, 1853. 4 - : : z - 150 eee tie (Ww. gee Marine Alge of Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, Pt. 1, 4to. London, . . . . . . Nereis Bor cerca ier ; or, Contr SNe saan a story of the Marine Algz of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North AICP Part cia Be royal 4to. 23plates . « : < - HMiassali (ir. A. Hi.) A Midrosebyie Bicdinin tion of the Water Spled to ‘the Tn- habitants of London and the Suburban Districts. 8vo. Coloured Plates. London, 1851. 0 75 Henfrey (43.) Vegetation of Europe: its Conditions and Causes. 12mo, London, 1854. 1 79 Henle. Traite d’Anatomie Generale, ou Histoire des Tissus et de la Composition Chi- mique et Microscopique du 3 Humain. Two volumes, 8vo., avec cinque planches. Paris, 1842. : : : s(Ote - Hiewitson (W. C.) Tilustr Suone of Bante Butterflies, Pt. 8, Ato. Jan., 1854 . . 150 Woefer. Dictionnaire de Botanique pratique. 12mo. Paris, 1850. > F 1 75 Hooker (W. J.) Century of Ferns, Pt. 1, 4to. 1854. on - “ “ - 3 00 Icones Plantarum, V. 10, Pt. 1, 8vo. 1854. s ® ° . ~ 425 Species Filicum; or, a Synopsis of all known Ferns. Vol. 1, 8yo 2 . 11 50 And Part VI. “ 2 : : . . ° c . 030 —— (J. *.) Himalayan Journals, or Bicies of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Silkkim at Nepai Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. 2 vols. Svo., with maps and illustrations. London, 1854. 5 5 é “ - 10 75 The Flora of New Zealand. Part IV. Taide an elaborate Essay on the Origin, Variation, and Distribution of Plants. Coloured Plates, 4to. . . - 5 Hooper (W. #.) Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski; with Incidents of an Arctic Boat Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as far as the Mackenzie River. 8yo., with map and illustrations. London, 1853 : ‘ - F Hopkins (W,) Researches in Physical Geology. 4to “ ¢ - . 0 50 Miorsfiela (".) Plante Javanice Rariores, Descripte Iconibusque illustrate, quas in intula Java, annis 1302-17. legit et investigavit Thomas Horsfield, M.D. E siccis descrip- tiones et characteres plurimarume laboravit Johannes J. Bennett ; observationes struc- turam et aflinitates presertim spain acy hie apne adjecit Rober (us Brown. Royal 4to. cloth, coloured . ; P ° F < é ‘ 81 plain. = . . : Co 21 00 Mughes ('.) A New School ite of ‘Baten, Political, and toamnental Geography ; comprising 17 coloured Maps, with descriptive letterpress. Royal 8yo, half-bound . 8 25 Plumboldt. Cosmos: Essai d’une description Physique du monde, traduit de l’Alle- mand par Faye. Paris, 1846-1852, t. I, 11, Ill, 8vo . 3 é t i . 8 50 Hiuot. Geologie (Histoire, Formation et Disposition des Materiaux qui composent Vecorce du Globe terrestre). 2 vols. 8yo., avec un atlasde 24pl_ . F . . ’ Jardine (“ir Wim.) The Ichnology of Annandale; or Illustrations of Footmarks im- pressed on the New Red Sandstone of Corncockle Muir, Dumfriesshire. Plates, the size and colour of the original Fossil Impressions, Large folio . . . ‘ NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, &c. 17 a $c. Jay (John C.) A Catalogue of Shells, arranged according to the Lamarckean System, with their authorities, synonymes and references to works where figured or described— together with a Supplement, containing additicnal species, corrections, and alterations contained in the gphectsgn of John C. Jay, M.D. ‘Fourth Seas oa with supplement . 4 00 Supplement, - “ ‘ d 3 - 100 Jennings (C.). The bank of British Birds, displayed in a Series of Engr evils ona and coloured from Nature: with Descriptions of British Birds. 12mo . Jesse (&.) Gleanings in Natural History. New edit.,12mo. London,1854 . Pata Wy Jones (Mymer.) The Natural History of Animals: being the substance of Three Courses of Lectures, delivered before the Royal Institution of Great Britain. 2 vols. 8yo. ag with beautiful woodcuts. ~ 3 : 2 3 x . ¢ 7 7% Vol. 2, separately. : 5 kh : . E 4 4 : - 3 63 Jukes (J. Escete.) Popular Physical Geology. Illustrated on a new and striking plan by 20 double-tinted lithograph Landscapes, each depicting some special geological phenomenon drawn and coloured from nature. Royal 16mo, cloth. Tondon, i853 .3 00 Kelaart (Dr. E.F.) Prodromus Faune Zeylanice. S8vo,coloured . ; -3 Kemnedy (W.) A Short Narrative of the Second Voyage of the Haines Albert in Search of Sir John Franklin. §Svyo. London,1853. . . 2 50 Knight's Geology of the British Empire: a Glanstanae of Pa United Engin pes its Colonies; illustrated with Steel Engravings and Maps. 2 vols. imp. 8yo. : 12 50 Knipe’s Small Geological Map of Great Britain. 12 00° ee niet As) eS ee Anatomie oder Gewebelehre des 8 Menschen.— Vols 1 & 2. A . Kolliker. Mapoal of eat aig: aveneen by G. Busk and . cpa © with woodcuts. Published by the Sydenham Society. London,1853 . ° Krantz’s (Pr.) Rheinisches Mineralien Comptoir. Detailed and Priced Catalogue of Mineralogical, Geological, and Paleontological Specimens, Models, &c. 8vo . Kuetzing (‘ rof. Dr. F. T.) Seaeraeice der Binloeouh, Botanik. pil 8v0, mit Tafeln Abbildungen. Tabule Phycologicze oder Abbidunghi, der Temes Vol. 1 & IL. 1—Be. Lief. plain, - - 15 00 coloured . 4 30 00 — Die Kieselschalign Bacillarien oder Diatomeen, mit 80 Tafeln. 4to. Leipsig, 1844. 0 00 Species Algarum. Octavo. Leipsig, 1849. A ° - - 6 25 Kunth (C. 8.) Ensumeratio Plantarum. 5 nat 8yo., and res Ee yol. 1. 6 vols. 8yo., half morocco. Stutgart, 1833—1835 ‘ Fi . 0 00 + ETS Monographie de la Famille des Cattecs: 42mo. F - - - 200 Lacordaire. Entomologie (Introduction a1’), comprenant les principes generaux de PAnatomie et de la Physiologie des Insectes, des details sur leurs mceurs, et un resume des principaux systemes de classification, etc. 2 vols., 8vo., et 24 planches, coloriees. 7 00 Lamdrimn. Dictionnaire de Mineralogie, de Geologie et de Metallurgie. 12mo. Paris. 1 25 Lanbsborouch (fev. BD.) A Popular bit of British ie a or Corallines. is 12mo, coloured plate. London, 1852 . ‘ Latham (&.G.) Ethnology of the British Tsianae: eaten Dohtene 1882 . - 150 Man and his Migrations. 12mo. New York, 1852. Cloth . “ : - 0 75 Laurent (Paw!.) Etudes Physiologiques sur les animalcules des infusions vegetales, compares aux organes elementaires des SSeS Tome as Des Infusoires. 9yo., avec 22. planches . : 4 5 - 6 00 Lavalie. Traite pratique des Ghmnioiapae Caresarice, ae RR Oe organisation, leurs caracteres botaniques, leurs proprietes alimentaires, leur culture, ]a maniere de les preparer, les moyens de les distinguer des especes veneneuses, et les soins a donner aux personnes Sap OnAr par ces dernieres. Paris, ss, 1 vol. Svo., avec 12 planches coloriees . -. 3 ‘ ; . 200 Leach (W. A.) ia vbarr: Britannice Synopsis: arranged seconain to their Natural Affinities and Anatomical Structure. S8vo. 18 plates. London, 1853 i“ ~ 4B Lecomte et Boisduval.. Histoire Generale et Iconograpie des Lepidopteres et des Chenilles de Teenage prnppntrigome: 1 vol., with coloured phat (Very wir. Half calf eaperte | (EE) Etudes sur la Geographie Botanique de Europe. Tome ler. 8vo. Paris, Leidy (Fatephi 1D.) A Flor a Gate Pinin within living Aritconlay neceine a portion of the “Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.” Folio, Plates. 5 . Lepeletiecr et Wrulte. Hymenopteres (Abeilles, Ppenes Roummly, ‘os pa’ 4 vols., avec 4 livraisons de planches, fig. coloriees . ‘ 1 Leydig OO} ssgeen Histologische Untersuch ungen u Fische und Reptilien. Ato. rlin, 185 18 NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, &ce. —_ SS Cc Lindley & Hutton. The Fossil Flora of Great Britain, or figures and description of ; the vegetable remains found in a Fossil Stale in this ett 8 vols. S8vo. bee Half calf. London, 1831-38 . . 2 Lindley (Johmn.) The Vegetable Kingdom, or the Sereiaece Classification, shit Uses of Plants, illustrated oo the Natural Syston 3rd edit. Svo, 500 illustr ations. Lon- don, 1853 . p j F * : ° ‘ - 8 50 On dymmetey of Peretation: Syo. 5 3 : 3 s - 030 Lucas. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules, forming part of the Exploration de de l’Algerie, undertaken by ska seach Government. 33 livraisons in 4to., with the plates colored. . ® 130 00 Eyell (C.) Principles of Genlony or, ne Mourn Cine, of the Ear th San its Inhabi- tants. 9th edition, enlarged, 8vo. London, 1853. $2 75. New York, 1853. $2 50, Macdonald and Allam. The Botanist’s Word Book, an pt ay Nore and Expla- natory Vocabulary. 12mo, : . . Macgillivray (WW.) ee: of British Birds, A 4 and 5, Syo. ea. ° F - 5 50 Complete, 5 v. 8yo. : : . 15 75 Macquart. Dipteres Panis: opis: etc. ). 2 wilt ave: et 24 pinata coloriees. . 6 25 Wamdi. Anatomie Microscopique. Toms Il., Histogenese. Folio, plates. Paris, 1854. Per liv, . : ‘ : r ‘ r 5 i - 150 Mamntell (G. A.) Geological Excursions. New edit., post, 8vo. London, 1854. -150 Miarcou (Jules). A Geological Map of the United oped) and the British Provinces of North America, with an Explanatory Text, ea ner gt Plates. S8vo. Boston, 1853. : : . -3 00 NEartin (W.C.E.) A General History of Humming Birds, 12mo. oclenae ; 150 Colored and illuminated. . FE é . . 3 0C Wem~eires de la Societe Whe Aha de aieée: maine IV. : ee . 200 Microscopical Science (Quarterly Journal of). Edited by Edwin Lankester, M.D., and George Busk, F.R.C.S,E. Vol. I., Svo., containing, with Index, numerous Woodcuts, a Photographic and 15 Lithographic Plates. Original Communications from Dr. P. B. Ayres—T. E. Amyot, Esq.—G. Busk, Esq., F.R.S.—Dr. Golding Bird, F.R.S.—Dr. L. Beale—T. Brightwell, Esq.—Dr. T. 8. Cobbold—J. Delves, Esq.—P. H. Gosse, Esq.—J. Gorham, Esq. —Dr. J.E. Gray, F.R.S.—Professor Gregory—T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.R.S. —Dr. T. 8. Holland—S. Highley, jun. Dr. Herapath—Arthur Henfrey, Esq., F.RS— Dr. Inman—George Jackson, Esq.—J. Lister, Esq.—J. B. Mummery, Esq.—Dr. E. A. Parkes—Professor Quekett—G. Rainey, Esq.—Dr. P. Redfern—Professor Riddell—J. B. Simmonds, Esq.—G. Shadbolt, Esq.—Rev. H. Smith—S. J. A. Salter, Esq., M.B.—John Tyrrell, Esq.—Professor Williamson—Professor Wheatstone, F.R.8S.—E. G. Wright, Esq. Translations from the papers of Kolliker—Schacht—Siebold—Leydig—Herbst—Monta- gue. Reviews, Notes, and Memoranda, &c. Per vol. in cloth, “ 2 ‘ . 425 Microscopical Science (Quarterly Journalof). Part V. : F ° ‘ . 100 Subscription for the vol. (each of 4 parts). . : 5 . 400 MWicroscopic Journal for 1841. Edited by D. Dioper: 8vo. London. F . 6 00 Milne Edwards. Crustaces (Ecrevisses, Homards, Crabes, etc.), comprenant TAna- tomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces animaux, 3 vol. avec 4 livraisons de ae Fig. coloriees. . . . . 5 . . . Cours elementaire de eee: Patty, 1951, 12mo. avee 418 figures reaping dans le texte. . . . ° . . . . Histoire naturelle des crustaces (suites a Buffon). ees gl 3 vols. 8vo. Figures coloriees. - = il MWioini, on the 1 a Cell. Edited by Henfrey. Bro. a Plate ail 52 Woombetle Lon- don, 1853. - ° . - 2 2 Moore (¥.) The Han abaoe of British wephis comprising Scientific ies Popular Descrip- tions, with Engravings of all the Indigenous ate and Miaei 8rd edition, 18mo, London, 1853 _ : . 5 - 1650 Morris (&. 0.) Book of Natural iistony, sq. 8y0, col'd. pldtes : . - 8 00 Wudie’s British Birds; or, History of the Feathered Tribes of the British Islands. 5th edition, revised by W. ©. L. Martin, Esq. Complete in Two Volumes; illustrated with 28 Plates, containing 52 Figures of ‘Bir ds, and 7 additional Plates of begs. Post 8vo., with the plates coloured, per vol. é . . . Wurray (A.) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland. Byo. : ; . .0 75 Necker. ae sur la 20 _ NATURAL HISTORY, GEOLOGY, BOTANY, &e. $c. Robin (Ch.) Histoire naturelle des vegetaux parasites qui croissent sur "homme et sur . les animaux yivants. Paris, 1853, sr Syo. de 708 pages, avec Bian de 15 pl. gravees en partie coloriees, . 4 2 . < . - hg Or half calf, 5 La description ou Vhistoire naturelle “de chaque espece de Parasites renferme : lo Sa diagnose ou description taxonomique ;—2° Son anatomie ou etude de sa structure ;— 80 L’etude du milieu dans lequel elle vit, des conditions exterieures qui en permettent Paccroissement, ete, ;—4° L’etude des phenomenes de nutrition, developpement et re- production qu’elle presente dans ses conditions, ou physiologie de lespece ;—5° L’ex- amen de l’action que le parasite exerce sur Vanimal meme qui le porte et Tal sert de milieu ambiant.—On est ainsi conduit a etudier les alterations morbides et les symp- tomes dont le parasite est la cause, puis l’expose des moyens a employer pour faire disparaitre cette cause, pour detruire ou enlever le vegetal, et empecher qu’il se de- veloppe de nouveau. Les s planches qui composent l’atlas ont toutes ete dessinees d’apres nature, et ne laissent rien a desirer pour |’execution. Resseau (L.) et A. Beverin. Photographie zoologique ou representation des animaux rares des collections du Museum d’histoire naturelle. Procedes de Lemercier et Bisson freres, Folio, per livraison - a 25 L’ouvrage composera de 60 planches qui paraitront en 10 livraisons. Photegraphie Zoology. Small folio, Parts I., H.and III. These exquisite Photo- graphic delineations (from the Glass, and the Litho- -photographie and Steel-photographic processes of M. Neipse) of recent and fossil Animals, Insects, Crustaceans, Shells, Coral- loids, &c., are °9 remarkably faithful, that with the aid of a iens the most minute mark- 0¢ 0 ings are perfectly ir op permed Specimen Part, containing Ten Photographs, - 450 This work will consist of Sixty Photographic Plates, to be issued in Parts of Six Plates each. Price ofeach Part, . é : - - 2 7 Or each Plate separately, ¢ 5 5 : 2 : - 60 ger os (2. de). Voyages autour de ls mer morte et dans is terres means 2 vols, Paris, 1853. % ~ -400 scheaaie (Br. HE.) The Ps pee in its special dypligation to Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology. Translated by Fred. Currey, Esq. Mt A. Post 8yo., numerous illustra- tions. London, 1853... “ = : 5 J - 1 50 Sehleidem (5. 3.) The Plant: a Biography, in a series of Thirteen neceuas on” Botany. Translated by A. Henfrey, F.L.S. 2nd edit. Svo., 7 colored plates, and woodcuts. London,-1852. 5 ° ° : - 400 Schmarda (Ludwig E.) Grundauge Me Zoologie. 1. Theil. systematische Zo- ologie. Mit Abbildungen. 5 4 - -1 50 Scheoedler (F.) The Book of Nature; an ae Tatrendection to the nti coe of Physics. Astronomy, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Botany, Zoology, and Physiology. By Prof. Schoedler. Edited, from the Sixth German ores by rey Medlock, F. ree Post 8vo. pp. 612, with about 500 woodcuts, cloth. . Schouw (3.¥.) Earth, Plants,and Man. Translated by A, pple ee 8yo. - 150 Sedgwick (A.) amd WE‘Coy. Paleozoic Rocks and Fossils, Pt. 2, roy. 4to. - 3 00 Seemann (Berthold). The Botany of the Wisk of H.M,S8. Herald. Part Ii. Plates. 4to. London, 1853. a = y .3 Circumnavigation of the Globe; being the Narrative of the faye of H. M. 8. Herald, under the command of Captain Henry Kellett, R.N.,C.B. In 2 vols. 8vo. Tinted Lithographs and a New Map by Peéetermann. London, 1853. 3 i . 6 50 Flora of Esquimaux-Land. Royal4to. . 3 : * - 8 00 Serville. Orthopteres (Grillons, Criquets, Sauterelles). eye: et 14 pl., coloriees - 825 Smith (W.) Synopsis of the British Diatomacea. Vol1, royal Syo. London, 1953 . 6 50 Smaiith’s. Large Geological Map of the British Isles . 5 . 4 - 6 50 Sowerby (G.B.) A Ponekolneteal Manual, with 700 ina. Dnatre ees fourth edition. ndon, 1852 ’ ll 2 pea oat Conchytiorum. Figures of ‘ald Shells. ‘Part 14 imp. Mew! London, dewerby’s (Fas.) English Botany: Vol. 7, ‘ga edit. 8yo. London, 1854 2 14 00 —— English Botany. 3d edition. Vol 6, 8vyo. London, 1853. 3 . . 12 00 Spach. Vegetaux Phanerogames (Organes sexuels apparents, reign Pub eeeer Plantes d Agrement, etc.) 14 y. et 15 livr. de pl., fig, coloriees 46 Stainton (H. D.) Entomologist’s Companion. New edition, 12mo. . 2 - 0 88 Stars crane) and the Earth; or, ees i Bgace, me and ree 10th thou- sand, 15mo : . . Strauss Durckeim. Considerations Satine sur Patiatomis commute des animaux articules, auxquelles on a joint l’anatomie descriptive du melotontha vulgaris (hanne- ton) comme exemple de organisation des vertebres. Paris, 1828, 4to et atlas de 19 pl. 12 00 sy alas (P. be ae in Baffin’s Bay, &e. eee 2 wr % post ores sap yb te iamaina ae (Cc. y +) Baquisses Zoologiques de la Cote de Guine, het parti¢, es Mam- miferec. 8ve. 1854 . ° . . . . CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, PHYSICS, &c. 21 = c. Wozzetti. Osservazioni Botaniche. 4to. Coloured plates. : : y - 100 Tulk & Wenfrey’s Anatomical Manipulations. This work contains much that relates to the Preservation and Mounting of Microscopical Objects. Woodcuts. . 2 623g Unger’s (Wr. F.) Botanical Letters to a Friend. Translated by Dr. B. Paul. Post Svo., numerous Illustrations . . E s . 3 Rs of Ventenal,. Monographie du Genre Tilleul. dto. Plates . 2 : . 0 50 Westices of the Natural History of Creation. 10th edit., with extensive ‘additions and emendations, and illustrated by numerous engravings on Wood, Svo. London, 1853 . 3 75 Walker (¥.) Insecta Britannica; Diptera. 2 vols., 8vo., with plates. London, 1854 15 00 Wallace (A WH.) Palm Trees of the Amazon, and their Uses. Post 8vo., 48 plates. London, 1853 2 F 3 ‘ - 3 ——— A Narrative of Teaiels on the Soe and Rio Negro: with an ‘Apotnink of the Native Tribes, and Observations on the Climate, Geology, and Natural >ithag of the Amazon Valley. 8yo., with a map and illustrations. London, 1854 : . 0 00 Walckenaer et eeevain. peters CArianser, Scorpions, ete.) 4 vols., avec 5 ‘ cahiers de pl., coloriees . ‘ . c ; . 14 00 Ward (%.8B.) On the Growth of Plants i in Closely glasta Cases. 2d edit., postSvyo .1 50 Webb (P-. GB.) Otia ae Seu delectus Plantarum Rariorum. 4to., with 46 plates. Paris, 1853. : 3 . 8 00 Wedde! (H. A.) Voyaees Sind le Nora de “3 Bolivie, et nits 168 Parties Voisines du Perou. With4plates,andamap. 8vo. Paris, 1853. G : 3 2 Wrythes (J. #1.) Curiosities of the Microscope; or, Tilustraitions of the Minute Parts of Creation, adapted to the Young. Square royal 16mo, coloured Engraving . . 1 2 Wood (3.G.) The Ilustrated Natural History. By the Rey. J.G. Wood. With 400 designs by Harvey. 12mo. “ 3 . 3 : : 20 Zoological Society’s Transaction. Vol. 4, Part 3, 4to. 1853 3 * ° . 250 CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, PHYSICS, ETC. Airy. Lectures on Astronomy. 8vo. Ipswich, 1849 . 5 - : q eae (>) Annuaire Weteorologique dela France. Par M. Haeghens, Martins et Berigny. 1849, 1850, and 1851. Royal Svo., peryear . : : A 3 . 3 50 Arago (Francois.) (€uvres completes. Tome ler. 8vo . 2 06 Introduction par M. Alexandre de Humboldt.—Histoire de ma jeunesse. _Notices bio- graphiques sur Fresnel, Volta, Young, Fourier, Watt, Carnot. Les @uvres de Fran- cois Arago formeront 12 volumes 8vo, Avogadro Sui calori Speafico de Corpi Solidi e liquidi. 4to. . 7 % . 0 75 Wegmelin. Recherches sur la Propagation de la lumiere. 4to. , : 3 . 050 Boutigny. Base d’une Nouvelle Physique, l’etat Spheroidal. Svo. 1842 “ ae ae | Bowman (J. EE.) Introduction to Practical ba mpree By John E. Bowman. 2d edit. 12mo. . : : P “| : F ; ‘ . 2 00 Briz. Abhandlungen ub die Cohasions-und Elasticitats-Verhaltnisse. 4to. 4 - 0 50. Carlini. Sulla legge delle Variazioni orane del Barometro. 4to . Z . - 0 50 Carpi. Sull’ Magnetismo. 4to . , A : atten} ~ | . 0 50 Cotte. Observations Meteorologiques. 4to . 3 Z 7. 3 : . 0 60 Coulomb. Methode de determiner l’Inclinaison d’une aiguille Aimantee. 4to . - 0% Crabb (George ) A Technical Dictionary; or, a Dictionary explaining the terms used in all Arts and Sciences. 12mo. London, 1s5i° : : ‘ " : “SYS Cuvicr. Analyse de ses travaux sur la Physique et la Chimie. 4to . 5 .050. De ta Rive (A.) A Treatise on ssh in a and Practice. 1 yol. Syo. London, 1853 ‘. ; ‘ pl ‘ * . 5 50 (&.=4.) Traite d’Electricite Theorique et aprlane, a 1853-1854. 2 vol. Svo. avec 260 pl. intercalees dans le texte. Vol. 1. Les nombreuses applications de l’electricite aux sciences et: aux ar ts, les liens qui Vunis- sent a toutes les autres parties des sciences physiques, ont rendu son etude indispen- sable au chimiste aussi bien qu’au physicien, au geologue autant qu’au physiologiste, a ingenieur comme au medecin; tous sont appeles a rencontrer l’electricite sur leur route, tous ont besoin de se familiariser avee son etude. Personne mieux que M. de la Rive, dont le nom se rattache aux progres de cette belle science, ne pouvait pre- senter l’exposition des connaissances acquises en electricite et de ses nombreuses ap- plications aux sciences et aux arts, aera Manuel Operatoire de photographie sur collodion instantane. Syo. Paris, 7 ; r 4 ° ° ° ‘ : ° ° 0 22 CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICILFY, PHYSICS, &c. Dove (H.W.) The Distribution of Heat over the Surface of the Globe, illustrated by Isothermal, Thermic Isabnormal, and other Curves of phiniaiiniaai 4to., with map. London, 1858 ¥ 8 - , - 3 60 Du Bois=“Leymond on Animal Electricity, by Bence eee So. London, 1852 .1 75 Buhamel de Pionceau. Traite de la Fabrique des Manceuvres pour les Vaisse- aux ou art de la Corderie perfectionne. 4to. Paris, 1747. F : = is pid (¥H.) Histoire of the Steam Jet as applicable to the Ventilation of Coal Mines. ‘ - 0% Ethnographical Library. Conducted by “Mr. Edwin Norris of the Asiatic Society. Vol. 1. The Native Races of the Indian Archipelago. Papuans. By George Windsor Earl. Post 8yo. MIlustrated with 5 coloured Plates, 2 map, and Woodcuts. London, 1853 . ° . . ° - 200 Exhibition of 1851, Gtehaena on the Results of the Great), iulivendd beford the Society ~ Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (Dr. Whewell, Professor Ansted, and others). 2 vols. post 8vo.each . A 2 - . Fairbairn (¥V.) On the Application “of Cast and Wr oueee Tron * Building Purposes. Loyal Syo., with plates and woodcuts. London, 1854. . * : . Fatcot (P.) Traite rk peste: et ipinanongh4 dela Esietoatton des Tissus. 2e edit. 8 vols. 4to. Paris, 1352. 18 50 Faraday (frof.) The ae ofa feces of Six Lectures on the Non-metallic Elements. 12mo., cloth. London, 1853. Eau (J.) Douze lecons de Photographie. Daseeilion de pr rgpdien! a iad et faciles, au moyen desquels on epEeHt presane infailliblement, des EEPEnYES sur verre et Danke. 18mo. » 0 . Faw et aeraiee Monee at Physision preparateur, ou Fey dun cana de Physique. 2 vols. 18mo., with an atlas of 88 plates. Paris, 1853 3 2 375 Faucher (f,.) Remarks on the Production of the Precious Metals, and on the Demoni- tization of Gold in several Countries of Europe. Svo. London, 18653 = . . Gamot (A.) Traite elementaire de Physique, ale et aap et de Meteoro- logie. 8d edition. 18mo., avec fig. Paris,1854 . " - 200 Gerhardt (Ch.) Traite de Chimie Organique. (Gdicnest au Traite de Chimie de Berzelius). ape 1853-1854. 4 vols. Svo. cae en 12 wieeami Prix de la livraison . * 075 Gregory (Wwm.) Bmaiaak of Tadmanhts Ghemtairy: beiee a new rn greatly en- larged edition of the Outlines of Inorganic sme Eyas for the use of Students. pe edit. post 8vo., woodcuts. London, 1853. t a va 13 Grifffim (J.3.) Chemical Recreation. Div. 1, oat 8yo . : : - 0 60 Griffith (T.) Chemistry of the Four Seasons. 12mo. London, 1958 : 5) Guitard. Histoire de lElectricite. 12mo. Paris,1854 . 3 : 5 -100 Hialdat, Exposition de la doctrine Magnetique, ou Traite TE Historique et critique du Magnetisme. 8vo. Nancy, 1852. 2 P : - Bek Hialleur’s Art of Photography. 12mo. London, 1854 . ; 5 2 . 0 30 Handbook of Photography, illustrating the Process, &c. 12mo., sewed . . - 0 50 Highton (£.) Treatise on the Electric Telegraph. 12mo. London, 1852 ; - 0 60 Hinds (Mr. W.) The Harmonies of Physical Science in relation to the Higher Senti- ments, with Observations on the Study of the Medical Sciences, and ihe Moral and Scientific Relations of Medical Life. Feap. Svo. London, 1853. * - 1 50 op ne (®.) we the orm ieee ge Changes which Br oduce Rain and Wind. 2d edit. gee A Ae (Js) The nV opGng of the Steam Engine Explained by the use of the Indicator. Syo. London, 1854. b . 150 Howard (Luke.) Seven lectures on 5 Weegee 12mo. amen 1943 F . 100 Wiunt (f&.) A Manual of Photography. By Robert Hunt. 4thedit. postSvo . - 175 Jameson Sowerby dea New aggro some 1826 to 1838 inclusive. 24 vols. half bound . Z 387 00 Jullien (B.) acide: pahits de Sciences dans PAntiquite Physique Metrique, Musique. 8yvo. Paris,1804 . ‘ . . Kane (Sir Robert.) Elements of Chemistr: y; thearetinal and siraotieed: including the most recent discoveries and applications of the Science to Medicine and Pharmacy, to Agriculture and to Manufactures. Illustrated by 200 ir agai 8voclo . i . 8 87 In H. B.’s previous catalogue erroneously priced. : . 6 Knapp. Technology, or Chemistry applied to the Arts. Vol. 1. “Containing F Fuel aha its Application. 2nd edition, thoroughly Illustrated, 1854 . : ’ Kobell’s Sketches from the Mineral Kingdom, post 8vo London, 1853. 7 - 150 Kupffer. Observations Ber secre loekanee mse a deicuabanii impariaip des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, de 1822 a 1835. ° - 475 Laboulaye. Dictionnaire des Arts a Macufabittor de agbianeone, des Mines, ete. Ouvrage formant 2 tres forts volumes in 4to., et illustre de 3,000 gravures. Now com- plete. . B : F é ° p A MS br 15 © CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, ELECTRICITY, &c. 23 $c Lambert. Sur oe Meteorologie. 4to . - - 02 Lardner (BD.) The Museum of Science and Art. Vol. i 12mo. illustrated a engravings on wood . Handbook of Natural Philosophy and ‘Astronomy. Third Course—Meteorology ; Astronomy. $Svo., with 37 lithographic aes and cepa of 200 einai >: on a cloth. London, 1853. = : " Lectures on the Results of the Great Exhibition of 1851, daliverca Berar. the weg of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. 2 vols., each . . ~ 2 Legray. Traite de Photographie. Svo : 4 : . . : -100 Lerebours et Secretan. Photographie . s 3 p : . 100 Liebig’s (Jmstus) Handbook of Organic Analysis, ceatatindee: a Detailed Account of the various Methods used in determining the Elementary Composition of Organic Substances. Edited by Dr. Hoffman. Post 8vo., woodcuts. London, 1853 e - 150, eaagh be and mores Annual Sr of the Progress of beer ae we vol. 4, Svo. ao Love ey The Art of icine: Dyeitig: Scouring, ke. 12mo. Tidrilien; iso4 $ . 222 Lowig (C-) aon of Or eae and A eres Translated by Daniel Breed. S8vyo .6 ise (As = Report of the Trial és the Torbanehill Mineral Case, to. London, E ~ 225 ee fe «) iets? elainentadead de Chimie. wate 1553, 2 ny ag 12m0. avec 104 figures intercadees dans le texte. * < = . Pa Marianini. Della Pila. 4to . : - er |) 5 -aaseatgl Combustion de la VYapeur sichdligae et jabaistvers shtens vun fil de uations Sur la Theorie Chimique de la respiration et de la Chaleur animale. 4to . 0 50 Esquisse d’une Nouvelle classification Chimique des corps. 4to. “ 4 . 0 2 MWiartin. Nouvelle ecole Electro-Chimique, ou Chimie des corps ponderables et impon- derables. Decouverte des veritables corps simples et d’une Theorie Chimique generale a Vaide de laquelle les actions Chimiques et Electro-Chimiques sont devoilees, la science agrandie et devoilee. ler livraison. 8vo. L’ouvrage sera publie en 8 ou 10 livraisons de feuilles chacune, Oh Ltge dans le courant de l’annee. Prix delalivraison , 7 - 0 2% had (J ey Coal Mees, their pare aiid i of Safety. 8yo. wood- cuts . . a Biessier. iabialios sur — grandes ere la cabanas etc., de la ae a — Pendant 1793. Ato. : ‘ - Metcalfe (S. F.) Caloric; ae aes edliaitda? Onymical, and Vital Agencies in the iaciis mena of Nature. 2 vols. - 3 10 Willer (W.) (Cashier in MS Bank of England). Decimal Tables used ai the Bank of England, for reducing Gross weight of Gold and Silver to Standard. 4to. London, 1854. 1 25 Millom (7. EB.) Des Phenomenes qui se Produisent au contact de eo et du Ble et de leur consequences Industrielles. Syo. Paris, 1854. .0 Mitchell (J.) Manual of Practical Assaying, intended for the t use of Matalaeiates Captains of Mines and Assayers in General. With copious Table, for the purpose of ascertaining in Assays of Gold and Silver the precise amount, in Ounces, Pennyweights, and Grains, of noble metal contained in one ton of Ore from a pret men, 2nd edition, much Enlarged, with Ilustrations. London, 1854 . A Moigno (L’abbe.) Traite de Telegraphie Electrique pe oh ae son Histoire, ses Appareils, sa Pratique, &c., with an Atlas of 22 steel plates. Svo.and4to. Paris, 1852. 3 75 Morton (J.C.) Cyclopedia of Agriculture, V. 1, roy. 8vo. 5 J 11 00 Napier (J.) Manual of Electro-Metallurgy, post8vyo. London, 1852 : y . 100 A Manual of the Art of Dyeing. S8vo. with engravings. London, 1853 4 . 2% Noad (. MM.) Lectures on Electricity, comprising Galvanism, Magnetism, Electro- Magnetism, Magneto and Thermo-Electricity, and se ae wee 5d edit. greatly enlarged with 300 woodcuts. London, 1849 . : - 42% Wopbili.. Sopra un Galvanometro. 4to. - 4 i . 050 Normandy (A.) The Farmer’s Manual of Agricultural Chemistry ; with Instructions respecting the Diseases of Cereals. Svo. illustrated by engravings. London, 1858. .1 37 Payen (P.S,) Cours de Chimie appliquee, professe a l’ecole centrale des arts et manu- factures, et au conservatoire des arts et metiers, redige par MM. Dellisse et Poinsot. Premiere partie, chimie organique. Paris, 1847, Svo. et atlas de 50 planches in-fol. .9 00 Precis de Chimie industrielle a l'usage des cours preparatoires aux professions Industrielles et des Fabricants. 2e edition. Paris, 1849, 1 vol. Svo. avec atlas de 29 planches . - 3 7 Peclet (#&.) Traite de la Ohaleur, consideree’ dans ses applications. Troisieme edition entierement refondue. Un atlas de 122 planches et un vol. de texte. Liege. . - 12 00 Do 2 vols. 4to., et atlas. Paris. . : fet . : 17 50 Le supplement separement, 1858, 4to —. ° ° ° ° . 22 24 CHEMISTRY, ELECTRICITY, PHYSICS, &c., CO $c Pelouze (J.), et Fremy (&.) Traite de Chimie generale, comprenant les applica- tions de cette science a l’analyse Chimigque, a l’Industrie, a l’Agriculture et a l’Histoire naturelle. 2e edition. Tomeslet2. Paris. - x . 5 00 Cette edition aura 6 volumes, compris un atlas. Prix de Youvrage complet , 10 00 Persoz. Traite Theorique et Pratique de Impression des tissus. Paris, 1845, 4 vols. 8yo. avec atlas de 10 planches in-fol. z ¢ - . . Phillips (J. Ae) Gold Mining and Assaying; a Scientific Guide for icelalite Eni- grants. 12mo. With woodcuts. London, 1852 . é F » - 100 Manual of Metallurgy. Post 8vo. New edit. London, 1854 . 3 ‘ -3 75 Ph tlesophical Transactions of the Royal Bociets of London, 1825 to 1851, incl. half bound in russia, forming 25 vols. Pp ‘ ¢ a : 200 00 Published Price, £70, unbound. Plattmer. Tableaux des Caracteres du Chalumeau. 4to . « - . 0 50 Pouillet. Elements de Physique sc gee om et de ie gee 6e edit, Paris, i= 2 vol. Svo. avee atlas de 49 pl . : ‘ 2 Orhalfbound . : 4 6 50 Notions generales de piyetaae et “ Meteor theath: 12mo. pani 1853 2 - 150 Prideaux (7. 8.) On Economy of Fuel, particularly with reference to Reverberatory Furnaces for the Manufacture of Iron, and to Steam Boilers. 12mo. cloth. : te Rammelsberg. Lehrb der Stochiometrie uber de allg, Theoretischen Chemie. 8vo. 0 75 Rhams (W. dy eee a of the Farm. New edition by W. and H. Sayhhent Square .. - : . HRegnault (V.) eee Garamatie: a Chimie. Quatrieme edition. axis, 1854, 4 parties, 12mo. fig. 2 ; - 5 00 Or half calf. ; 5 F - 7 00 (VE. V.) Elements of iscsi diet. eaaclatad by Dr. T. R. Betton ak W.L. ase 2yols. Svo. 700 Woodcuts. Philadelphia, 1853 . 4 Ryland (A4.) Treatise on Assay of Gold and Silver Wares. Post Svo. sate 1852. 175 Sabime (E.) Magnetical Observations at Hobarton. YV.2, roy. 4to. London, 1852 12 00 Santini. Teorica degli objettivi acrom atici. 4to . 4 : > * . 0 50 Scoresby (W.). Magnetical Investigations. V.2,8vo. London, 1852 . . 475 agama (P. L.) Commercial Products of the Vegpiable Hinglow. aa London, 854 : . é F Soubeiran. Precis mcaan aban de Physique 2e edit. augmentee Paris, AAS, 1 vol. 8yvo. avec 13 planches 4to. - a Table generales des Comptes rendus ne oie de PAcrieenin ae sciences, see par - MM. les secretaires perpetuels, conformement a une decision de l’Academie, en date du 18 juillet 1835. Tomesla XXXI. 3 aout 1885 a 30 decembre 1850. 4to. Paris, 1854 . 6 00 TWegoborski. Essai sur les consequences Eventuelles de la decouverte des Gites Auriferes en Californie et en Australie. Syo. Paris, 1853. 4 a e: . $Whieme Die Physik in threr Beziehung zur Chemie. Syo. 1840 . . - . 075 Thomson (B.%.) Cyclopedia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical, including the Application of the Science to the Pave Miner, alogy; and Physiology. 8yo. with illustra- tions. London,1854 . . . 5 . . Tizard (WV. L-) Brewer’s aeusiahs Teations 1954. p . - - - 8 25 Uhde Grundlebren der arithmetie und Algebra. So. ‘ 2 = 3 - 100 Svo pp. 2087, with 1600 engravings on wood, cloth. London, 1853. . . 5 50 New York “ a . - 5 00 Wan Moms. Sur les combinaisons faites par le Pyrophore. 4to . - ‘ - 050 Tiolette et Archambault. Dictionnaire des Analyses chimiques ou Repertoire alphabetique des Analyses de tous Jes corps naturels et artificiels depuis la fondation de la chimie, avec l’indication des noms des auteurs et des recucils ou elles ont ete inse- rees. Paris, 1851. 2 vol. 8vo. a 2 col. : f ; 3 : F . 400 Or half calf . 5 - 5 00 Walker (W.) The Miineuond of Ships aaa the Miitser's Compass; being a Rudi-, mentary Exposition of the arr cis eet of Iron in Aohiggs “going Vessels 12mo. London, 18538... F ‘ F .- 150 Wertheim. Theses pr letaicos a la «a A des sciences de Paris pour obtenirle grade de docteur des sciences physiques. Paris, 1855. ° . . . Theses de physique, de chimie et de mineralogie. Wittstein. winngce oe enen en homies, manaaget by 8. Domine London, 856. . ’ Wohler (F.) Band: Book of Inorganic Analysis. Batted by A. H. Hoffman. 12mo, London, 1853 : Fs s ’ . 2 00 Wear Book of Facts in Science anit Art, ‘1854, “12mo ‘ . . oes Lie MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, &c. 25 MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, ACTUNY, ENGINEERING, ETC. $c. Adock’s Bieta den” s Pocket Book. 1854, 12mo a = 3 -17 Adhemayr (J.) Traite de Charvenie- 2e wEiOn, revue et Seiaantad. Syo. with atlas of 60 plates. " ’ - A 5 5 ‘ 12 ——-— Traite de la coupe is pierres. 4 edition, reyue et augmeniee. Svo. avec un atlas in-fol. de 70 planches . & 3 a ; . - ° Agemda pour servir sur le Terrain a MM. les Officiers, Eleves de Ecole d’Etat-Major. Se edition, 1854. 18mo., relie en maroquin, avec peau d’ane, papier blanc et crayon Aide=emoire to the Military Sciences, framed from Contributions of Officers of Dif- ferent Services. 6 parts in 3 vols. royal 8vo. cloth . : é Z 27 00 Amyot (4.) Lecons nouvelles d’Algebre elementaire. Paris, 1853. : - 212 Artisan (Whe). A Monthly Journal of the Operative dg Ses per annum. 3 50 Volumes 1846 to 1851, in cloth. Price,each . 2 ° . 4 00 Astronomy (Encyclopzdia of), by Bariow, ated,’ Herschel, and Aisy; mits that portion of the Encyclopedia Metropolitana. 4to. London, 1948. Bae en +) Elements de Geometrie descriptive. 2 vols. 8yo., one being plaid: aris, 1850. oy Me (E.) Report on the Pendulum Experiments made by the late Capt. H. Foster. in his Scientific Voyage in the years 1828-31, with a View to determine the figure of the earth. 4to. London, 1854 : . . . ° ° . On a Remarkable Pierencaea that occurs in Eclipses of the Sun. 4to. Mees le - - . . - . On the Gaeciion of a Pendulum for the Snaneuea of ier 4to. Tendon: 1882. 1 50 Bambergensis ((.) In Spheram eae de Sacro Basco commentarius. 4to. Lugd@uni, 1594. F : A és ~ f ° . 3 00 Beguelin. Sur les Nombres Poipeindec. 4to ° F - 2 7 . 0 50 Belpaire et @wetelet. Observation des Marees des Cotes de Belgique. 4to. - 0 50 Wertrand. Solutions raisonnees des Exercises, etc. Par Gros et Prouhet : - 000 Bessel (J. W.) ash a a und Elemente der Bahn des Kometen yon 1830. _ Ato. * Berlin, 1831 3 4 5 . 0 50 Versuchhe uber die Kraft sci idiohebate Erde ee yon cnnehdsdente Beschaf- fenheit anzieht. 4to. Berlin, 1832 . : ‘ : wd , a . 0 50 Bezout (A. A.W.) Cours de Mathematiques a l’usage de la marine et de l’artillerie. 8e partie, contenant lV’algebre et l’application de l’algebre a la geometrie. Svo. Paris, 1822. : , F a . z < . . * yt! Cours de fe cHernutigaee a Pusage de la marine et de Vartillerie, contenant la geometrie, la trigonometrie rectiligne et spherique. 8vo. Paris, 1828 . « . Bianchi. Eclisse dellaLuna. 4to . 3 é : ‘ a - 050 Biom (N.)_ Traite de la Construction et des wes an pecchania de Mathematiques, 4to. La Haye, 1723 . : .3 Bird (G.) Elements of Natural Philosophy. ies edit. 12mo., lagdon ‘1954 " ~275 Bishop (G.) Astronomical Observations at Regent’s Park, 1839-51, 4to . . - 3 60 Bock (i. Hi. BD.) Ausfuhrliches Rechenbuch fur Kanfleute, &c. 4to. Berlin, 1811 . 1 00 Bonifay. Traite de la Nature des Batiments de Guerre et de la Marine marchande, ou Systeme des mats et yergues d’Assemblage. Svo. et planches P ° : ’ Bonmnefoux (P. J.) Seances Nautiques, ou Traite elementaire du vaisseau a la mer. 1 volume, 8vo. avec planches . 3 ‘ a S ‘ - . - 2.00 Wordes (iL.) Lecons de Mathematiques a l’usage des Seminaires et des Colleges. Se edition, corrigee et considerablement augmentee. 1. partie. Arithmetique. EET —2. partie. Geometrie. 2 volumes, avec 8 planches. Paris, 1853. ° A BWoucharlat. Elements de Mecanique. Svo. Paris, 1840. Z 3 P - 2% Bougued. La figure dela Terre. 4to. Paris, 1749. x p A = . 200 Bourdon Application de lAlgebre ala Geometrie. Syo. avec 15 planches ‘ - 200 Bourguet. Traite ame de Calcul — et de omens seein 8yo. Paris, 1810. Halfecalf . ‘ . me | Bourgeois ect Cabart. Lvetins Notinalles sur les caahinsliinia Pratiques de la Geometrie, et de la Trigonometrie. Svo. Paris, 1853 ‘ 4 = 112 Bourne. Treatise on the Screw Propeller. 4to. London, 1852 . . - * 10 00 Brahe (Tycho.) Astronomiz instaurate mechanica. 4to. Noriberge, 1602. . 2 50 Bbrees (S. LL.) Illustrated Glossary of Practical oe and ot 2 Engineering. Svo. London, 1858 + F 3 , . 5 50 Bridges. Practice, and Architecture of, bisa to. Roy. nui Renbitn 1852 ‘ 15 00 26 MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, Ke. $ c. Briot. Lecons d’Algebre. V.1,8vyo . . . . - . . - 150 Brisson. Pesanteur specifique des Corps. 4to. Paris, 1787 P y -250 Burn (Lieut.-Col.) A igs and wri ha i aia eid bas and ei Crown 8yo. 1853 . Calandrelli Reflessione Sulla reduzione degli Archi circolari. 4to ; y - 0-75 Campagnes Memorables des Francais. Histoire complete de toutes les operations militaires de la France, depuis l’epoque de l’expedition d’Egypte, jusqu’a celle du traite de paix du 20 Novembre, 1815. Quarante Batailles gravees au burin, d’apres Vernet et Swebach; Cent Portraits de Generaux et Un Portrait de PEmpereur, avec un texte de plus de 600 pages. 2 volumes cartonnes J é - 15 00 Cambridge Problem Papers, 1794 to Present Time, with Answers. S8vo. London, 1852. 1 87 Carnot (S.) Reflexions sur Ja puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les Machines propres a developper cette puissance. S8yo. Paris, . . ° s ° ~ s Metaphysique du calcul Infinitesimal. 8vo : : F 2 4 12% De la Defense des Places Fortes. 4to. Paris,1S12 . 2 ° - 400 Catalogue of Stars near the Ecliptic, observed at Markree during the earn 1851-52, and whose Places are supposed to be hitherto unpublished. Svo. London, 1853 - 1 50 Chapman (£d. J-) Professor of Mineralogy in University College, London. Tables for the Mutual Conversion of French and English Weights and Measures; including new and simple methods for approximation for general purposes . 3 ° - 0 Charpentier. Essai sur le Materiel de l’Artillerie Navale. 1volume,Syo . . 150 Chasles. Histoire de l’Arithmetique, ap pata des Poe de l’Abacus, et particuliere- ment'du Traite de Gerbert. 4to. 1843 - Fe ot Chase ee - B.) An Introduction to the Micments of Pr actical Astronomy. Le. 19% acai (P. Ee) ‘eewent aAlgebre. 2e edition, modifiee conformement au dernier programme d’enseignement. Paris, 1854 2 4 9 Lecons de eee ens et de la NrigctiomMtdic rectligne. 8vo. Paris, 1843 i . . ° . . 2 00 Ciairanlt. Sticertands iAlaalen 2 ak. Syo - 2 : : 2% Claudel (J.) Introduction shegelane, et pestiane a la picaae de Hingepions Syo. Paris, 1848 ; _ - 287 Clegg (S-) Architecture of Meaghingsys Post to. Seria "1852 : . : me as Colenso (J. W¥.) Solutions of Examples in Elements of Algebra. 18mo. . 0 75 Combes. Traite de Exploitation des Mines. 3 vols. Svo, avec atlas de 68 planches. Cet ouvrage est le plus complet et le meilleur qui existe sur cette matiere. 1D Comnnzaissance des Temps ou des mouyements eee 1 l’an 1856. 178e volume de la collection. Svo. Paris,1854 . : 2 . . 150 Cornibert(f.) Guide de Canonnier Marin, ou Senet de Vartilleur a bord des vaisse- aux de l’Etat. 1 vol. 8vo - ° ° . . . 200 Correard (J.) Cours de Dessin iedogaptitzue! Ato. 3 F d F . 6 50 Abrege du cours classique de dessin topographique a l’usage des ecoles ae du 1. et 2. degre. 4to . Cosmos. Revue Encyclopedique Hebdomadaire des Progres des. “Sciences, redige par L’abbe Moigno. Per volume . . . - Commenced 1852. 8 vols., now out. Coulier. Description generale des phares et fanaux et des principales remarques existant sur le littoral maritime du pire a pwn 24 des 18 sot garg lle edit., 12mo, 1853 ° . : - 0 00 Cournot (auguetth.) necticveitta sur je lec Mathematiques de la ae des richesses. Svo. Paris, 1838 E De VOrigine et des Limites de la Correspondence eats PAlgebre et la Geameaehe 8vo. Paris, 1847. . : @ amowisepe ( ms F.) Traite aiiydrantiqu, a Pusage Hes Tngenieurs. 8vo. Paris, Delambre. Histoire de intrastate au 18e Siecle. 4to., with Portrait, Paris, 1827 . 4 00 Analyse du Deuxieme a de la Theorie eerenaiaee des Probabilites.. 4to. “ 4 “ " 2 . 0 50 Delaunay. Cours elementaire de Mecantaue, 2e ‘edition. Paris, 1952, 1.vol., beer 18mo., avec fig. dans le texte : Cours elementaire d’Astronomie, Sonstinlant avec paneer les arta sis nouveau pro- gramme officiel pour l’enseignement de la Cosmographie dans les AFCPR, a 9] 1853, 1 vol. grand 18mo. avec figures dans le texte. De Morgan (Augustin.) The Differential and ieee Calculus. Syo. London. 3 00 —— The Elements of Arithmetic. 14th thousand. 8vo. . < . a - 150 MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, &c. 27 $c. Dempsey (G- D.) Examples of Bridges, pt.4 and 5, 4to,each . ! a - 9 00 Machinery of 19th Century. Parts 1 to 6, 4to, plates. Per part : ~ ~ 150 Delisle (A.), et Geromo.. Geometrie Analytique. 2 parties. Paris,1853 . . 2 2 Elements de Trigonometrie Rectiligne et Spherique. Syo. Paris, 1851 : - 150 Descriptiom des machines et procedes consignes dans les brevets d’invention, de per- fectionnement et ‘haa eae dont la duree est — etc. Tome 80. 4to., phis 34 pl. 1853. - -3 75 Diophanti (Al aeeeate i.) Acvithmeticorum, liber sex, et ik numeris multangulis liber unus. 4to. Tolosz, 1670. - 9 00 Dionis du Sejour. Traite puna des mapa AE genes des Corps oninsied 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1786. ; . 6 00 BDougias (Sir MH.) An Essay on the wbutnbed aa Constrictiba of Military Bridges and the Passages of Rivers in Military COA 3d edition, iti yap much Ad- ditional Matter. Svo. London, 1853. é s , - 6 50 Dubois, Labernarde Caan aindes Mathematiques pures et appliquees 2vols. Ato. Paris, 1850. : “ 10 00 Dunn (Vi.) A Treatise on the ne and Working of Collieries, including numerous Statistics regarding Ventilation, and the Prevention of Accidents in mines. With en- gravings and colliery plans. 8yo. London, 1852. 4 - 8 50 Eccentric Turnimg,—(a concise treatise on): to which are eee Pr a ea Obser- vations on the uses of ‘the Eccentric Paeting Frame, the Drilling Frame, &e. 4to. plates. London, 1852 : ° < - 6 00 Eck. Recueil de Machines ee eee a l’Art de batir eta aireinen ae ad V'In- dustrie. 1 vol. 4to, orne de 16 planches 4 : 2 .2 25 Ellet (Charles.) The Mississippi and Ohio rivers: ‘containing cache for the protection of the Delta from inundation, &c. Philadelphia : . . 8 00 Emcke. Uber die Cometenerscheinungen der jahres. 1835. 4to. A - . 0 50 Engineer’s (fhe) and Contractor’s Pocket-Book for the Year 1854. Roantuck .1 15 Emmy. Cours elementaire de Fortification, fait a l’Ecole speciale Militaire. ler, 2e et a parties, 1 fort vol. Svo., avec atlas de 22 planches . : Euler (.) Mechanica sive motus Scientia Maa ee Prose Ato. 2 y. in- mt Petropol 1736. . Theoria Métus Corporum solidoranst Sev. wigedrunt 1790. ate, vig scarce .5 00 Plachat, Barrault et Petiet. Traite de la Fabrication dela Fonte et du Fer, envisagee sous les rapports Chimique, Mecanique et Commercial. Un atlas de 86 pl., grand format, dont 5 doubles, et 1 fort volume 4to, a 2 sperm de wet divise en trois parties . ° . . . Foissac. Traite os la pes des etenatiemints. 2 vols. Syo. Sivastioure : . 200 Franceeur (LL. B.) Le DessinLineaire. 8vo, Paris, 1819 - . 0 75 elegy eat ou Traite oe ga d’Astronomie. 6e edit. Svo. avec planches. Frederic (£4.) iaenditians Secretes pe Beatentaner de Frederic M, avec 81 Plans. Oblong 4to. Leipsig . . : ‘ -175 Frullani. Integrali definiti. At. Paris ’ é ~ E « ° . 0 50 Gapendo (P.) Institutio Astronomica, &c. 4to. Amsterdam, 1680. 3 ‘ - 100 Garnier (37. G.) i aa aoa ou prlninpaay de l’Algebre a la Geometrie. Paris, 1813. ° ° ° Fs es! Elements de Gssaricbas! vas Hasty 1813 r = : i F .125 Giorgimi. De piani de Momenti Principali, ete. 4to. 5 : 7 5 . 050 Girard. Hydraulique applique. Nouveau shee S35 de Locomotion sur les Chemins ae Fer. 4to. Paris, 1852 . ‘ . P . v - 100 Glume. De Gravitate Universali. Ato. é ¢ : = . 0 Glynn (@.) Rudimentary Treatise on Power of Water. Pines . * . 0 60 Gold. Lectures on, delivered at the Museum of Practical Geology; Wy Prof. Jukes, Forbes, Playfair, Smyth, Percy, and Hunt. Roy. 8vo. Woodcuts. London, 1853 . 075 Goodwin (H.) Elementary Mechanics. Part 2—Dynamies. S8vo. cloth ‘ . 150 Goujon ect *ardou. Cours Complet de Tenue des cat eer eee Commer- ciales. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1852 A 4 : . 200 Grant (R-) History of Physical Astronomy. “ei! ‘Leite: 1989, ; ss 475 Hamilten (Rev. H. ated An 7 hes iti of sree Sections. Svo. Cam- bridge, 1830 : 1 . 200 — (Sir W. FR.) Phiten on 5 Guateenionss containing a Aystematia Siatement ofa New Mathematical Method. 8yo. 1853 ‘“ 5 . 4 ‘ 495 —— A General Method in Dynamics, 4to. Londen, 1834 . . P 4 - 150 Hann (Jas.) and Gener. Steam Engine for Practical Men. 8vo. 1844 . 2% Wartmaun. Geometrisches Kursus. 8vo . ° ‘ ‘ ’ ® .0 75 28 MATHE i A'TICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, &c. $c ony (L2Abbe.) Exposition raisonee de la Theorie de am ener et du a J Paris, 1787. : - ‘ - 0 60 eben Mean Daelinaticns of elie Fixed Stars. 4to. Edinburgh, 1935 : - 12% (@.) On the Declinations of the Principal Fixed Stars, deduced from observatiens made at the Cape of Good Hope, in 1822-8. 4to. London, 1837 . ° e ili Hlerschell & South. Observations of the apparent distances and Positions of 380, double and triple Stars, &c., &c., also a description of a five-feet equatorian instrument 4to. London, 1824. Plates. - i ‘ = 3 5 A - 5 00 Hiorsch. Integraltafeln. Svo. Berlin, 1810 . - , - 100 Hioseason (J €.) The Steam_Navy, and the Application of Screw Propellers to Steam-going Line-of- cane Ships. A Letter. Svo. London, 1853 - 0 30 Humphreys (i. N.) Origin and Progress of the Art of Writing. ‘ieanntell by Specimens and Facsimiles. 4to. London, 1853 : fs é 3 . Jeams (i. WY.) Rudiments of Navigation and Practical Astronomy. 12mo . . 0 60 ervis (J. VW.) Manual of Field Operations, post Svo. London, 1852 . - . 8 00 Journal des mines, ou Recueil des memoires sur Exploitation des mines et sur les Sciences et les Arts qui s’y kh he a ie an m-1815, 30 vols. Svo., et 2 vols. de tables. Exempl. comp. rel. $ Ammales des mines. Premiere serie, 1816-1926, 13 told! Syb! Casa ferme’ serie, 1827-1830, 8 vols. Svo. Table de la ler et 2e serie, 1831, 1 vol. Syo.—Troisieme serie, 1852-1841, 20 vol. Svo.— Quatrieme serie, 1842-1853, 24 vols. Svo. Exempl. rel. Laboulaye. Essai de Mecanique Geometrique, Svo. Paris, 1846 . z 075 Lacroix. Essais sur l’Enseignement en general, et sur celui des Mathematiques en par- ticulier, ou Maniere d’etudier et d’enseigner les Mathematiques, 1 vol. Svo. 4e edition, revue et corrigee, 1837 . - i w ; é ~ -150 Do Se edition. Paris, 1823 : - 3 ’ é Fy .0 75 Lafremoire (€. de). Traite elementaire de Geometrie descriptive, renfermant la partie exigee pour l’Admission aux Ecoles Polytechniques. 2 yols., roy. 8yo. One being plates : : : - . 3 - 4 “ - - ; Lagramzge. Mecanique Analytique. Nouvelle ——- revue et annotee par M. J. Bertrand. 2vol. 4to . - 1i 00 Le tome ler est en vente.—Il sera delivre un BON pour le tome Qe, Balande. Tables de Logarithmes. 12mo. -Paris,1851 . : : ; . 0 50 Lame (J.&.) Lecons sur la Theorie Mehensiay de Velasticite des Corps Solides. 8yo. Paris, 1852. . 5 F, “4 Lamotte. Cours Methodique de Desai isanive es de rialens. Usuelle applicable a tous les modes d’enseignement. Ouvrage autorise par le Conseil royal de l’instruction publique. Atlas de 34 planches avec texte, divise en deux parties : : 2 Laplace. Essai Philosophique sur les Probabilites. Roy. Syo. Brussells, 1840. . 2 00 — Theorie Analytique des Probabilites. 4to. Paris, 1812. Scarce . “ - 5 00 Quatre Supplements a la Theorie Analytique des Prebabilites . = = 400 Laudet (¥F. €.) Nouvelle Locomotive a vapeur sans a portant son aphronie nement pour de grandes distances. 8vo . : . - Laurent. Traite de Calcul differentiel. Svo. - C : a J . 200 Law (#.) Rudimentary Principles of Geometry. The Application of Logic to Geome- trical Reasoning based on the Elements of Euclid, Books 1, 2,3. Vol.1,12mo . . 0 30 . Leblanc. Le Mecanicien Constructeur, ou Atlas et description des organes des ma-= chines. 2e edition, revue, corrigee,et augmentee Pat Felix apa ingenieur. 1 vol. grand 4to, avec atlas de 25 planches = 5 - 3 00 Lefebure de Fourcy. Elements de ei atemele Ge edit. "Bvo. Pits, 1852 . 0 623 Lecons d’Aigebre. 8vo. Paris,1859 . . ‘ 5 . 200 Lefevre (A.) Manual du Trigonometrie: Guide aux Ingenieurs. 8vo. Prarie 18i9 .1,00- Legendre (A. 1%.) Elements de Renginies avec additions et modifications par M. A. Blanchet. 38. edition. : ; Lemetheyer. Dictionnaire sean des Fekod be ae et de la Navigation a vapeur. 1 volume 12mo. A 4 : Leroy. Traite de Geometrie sao fos 4 avec une Collection arEpares, sohipbddd de 71 planches. 2 vols. 4to. texte and plates . F Fy Traite de Stereotomie, comprenant les cnatiearions io la Gaonidte Descriptive a la Theorie des ombres, la Perspective lineaire, la Gnomonique, la Coupe des pierres et la Charpente. 2e edit., 1 vol. 4to, avec un atlas de 74 planches in-folio, dont 5 doubles, 9 00 Analyse appliquee a la Geometrie des Trois Dimensions. 8yo. 1842 . 150 Leveque. Memoire sur une Carte crigcnuEre ney P ac a a reduire la distance ap- parente de la Lune au Soleil, etc. 4to. : : : é - 050 Linotte. Construzione dei Bastimenti. 4to . i ‘ - 050 Lioyd (Rev, H.) Account of the Magnetical Gheeevitions of Dublin, and of the Instrue ments and Methods employed there. 4to. Dublin, 1842 . : 1 , SIA THEMA TICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, &Kc. 2¢ $ c. Lloyd (Kev. HM.) On the Phenomena Presented Py. Light in its Tpeesee oleng.# the axes of Biaxial Crystals. 4to. Dublin, 1833 - 000 On the Mutual action of Permanent eens, Ato. Dublin, isto z - 100 Further Development of a Method of Charen the ot and the sti intensity at the same time. 4to. Dublin, 1836. i - 100 Lohman (Ww. =) ie alas der Sichtbaren Mondoberflaeche. 4to., with A plates. - Leipzig, 1824 . 200 Leomis (©.) ee to determine is Magnetic, dip at Wavions ey in Ohio and Michigan. 4to. : . . . Lugeol. Nouveau Systeme @Arri image. 1 val Syvo., avec wiciee : . - 200 Miaclear. Observations of Babes s Comet, zane at the a of fend Hone, i in 1835-6. 4to. London, 1831 - 150 Miacneill (Johm.) On ‘the Resistanos of Water to die Passage of Boats upon Gaaeie) 4to., plates. London, 1833 . 150 Magloire de Flotte. Nouveau Por tulan de la Mer Mediterranee, ou Guide eonitnet du pilote sur toutes les cotes, iles, bancs et ports compris depuis Cadix jusqu’a la mer Noire. 2 vols. 8vo., avec planches et vues de cotes. s ‘ . : 275 Miagistrinmi dell’ariete idraulico. 4to. - : : F ». 0 50 Niaissiat. Memoire sur 979, eo agree faits a ei Buigadls et au Seabasdetonha 8yo. Paris, 1817 5 : A - 0 50 Mazaudier et Lethabatd< Guide Patiqne pour la ‘ibm ae cucke des Bateaux a Vapeur, a roues et a helice en fer. 1 volume Svo., avec planches . “ . : Cours Complet et Guide Pratique d’Architecture Navale, ou expose des procedes suivis dans les chantiers de la marine militaire et marchande, soit pour les batiments a voile, soit pour la construction des bateaux a roues, a helice, soit enfin pour la construc- tion des bateaux a vapeur en fer. 2 vols. Svo., avec atlas de 160 figures. - i0 00 Memorial de pAviilier ie, ou Beene. de Metot ae etc., sur l’Artillerie. 6 vols. Svo. Bruxelles, 1838 . - . du depot general de la use imprime par or cee du sennmdieaes Tome 9, contenant la troisieme et derniere partie de la Nouvelle partis Geometrique de la France. 4to, plusi1l pl. 1853 . ‘ A . : . - 0 00 THilerski, De Ramis Infinitis ousrerad Algebraicarum. 4to. . - 5 - 0 50 Wiillexr. Treatise on Differential Calculus. Svo. London, 1852 . : ‘ 2 623 Miimard. Cours de Construction des Ouvrages qui Etablissent la Navigation des Rivieres et des Canaux, professe a ele des ponts et chaussees. 1 vol. 4to., avec atlas de 36 planches . s - 8 50 Des Ouvrages Fiyadnkignes des ports ae mer. 1 vol. Ato, avec aisbes de 25 pl - 6 25 Mining (the) Guide § containing the Particulars of each aes British and Forelem, its Situation, Produce, and Officials. 18mo . . Moigne (L2Abbe.) Lecons sur le Calcul ana redigees pia ae taet & aapres les Methodes de M. Cauchy, et etendues aux travaux les ery recents des geometres, ete. Tome 2e. Calcul integral, 1844, very scarce . 4 r F > - 500 Wionge et Wachette. Application de l’Algebre ala Cheaiesatns Svo. Paris, 1818. 1 00 Application de Analyse a la Geometrie. 5e edition, revue, corrigee et annotee par M. Liouville, membre de l’Institut et du Bureau des Longitudes; 4to, sur carre su- perfin des Vosges, avec le portrait de ak etd BIRGANGH 1850. Edition de luxe.) 10 00 Or half bound - 2 11 50 —— Traite elementaire ki Statique, a we den mets de 4 Marine. Byo. Se edition, conforme a la precedente revue par M. Hachette, membre de l’Institut; et suivie dune Note contenant une nouvelle demonstration du par didi Riad des forces, par M, Aug. Cauchy. 1846 . 2 ‘ ; 112% Miemtgery. Traite des Fusees de Gia Bvo. Paris, 1895 . . . - 106 Wautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, published by order of the Commis- sioners of Longitude. 1S28-1850. 8vo. Half bound, fine copy . . . 40 00 Almanac for 1857. Svo. Murray. London, 1854 7 i - 088 Weville (J.) Hydraulic Tables, Coefficients, and Formule for Finding the Tiadherey of Water from Orifices, Notches, Weirs, Pipes, and Rivers. London, 1853 . Newton (Sir J.) Principiw. 8vo. New York, 1848 i R * . 450 Nolan (L. FE.) Cavalry; its History and Tactics. London, 1853, half bound ‘ . 8 25 Wouvelles Ephemerides Maritimes pour 1850, 1851 et 1852. Svo. Prix dechacume . 0 50 Observations pe ROB ANER faites a poner TRAY Bayal ge ao Folio. Paris, 1888 Pambour. Theor ie ear wnidiines a whbhuk! Ato, et ities en folio Y 4 15 00 Paoli. Sullo Sviluppo delle funzioniin Scrie. 4to . . r ‘ . 0 50 ——— Sopracl.Integrali definiti. dto . . . . . . . - 050 Sull’ uso del Calcolo. 4to . ‘ e e e e ° ° . 0 50 30 MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, ASTRONOMY, &c._ $e. Peyrot. Petite Encyclopedie > area ad ou Cours compet de Mathematiques. 2 vols. Svo. Paris, 1828 . ° 3 ° Phear (J.8.) Elements of Myarostatics, saa 8yo. ‘stint 1852. : - -175 Philippe et Kerhallet. Considerations Generales sur l’Ocean Atlantique, suivies des prescriptions nautiques pour echapper aux ear aen et d’un memoire sur les courants de l’Ocean Atlantique. 8e edition, Svo . = wa Piddimgtom. Lois des Tempetes, ou Guide du invibataee’ avec des Cartes, etc. Syo. 1 50 Piolo. Delle funzioni discontinue. 4to. ‘ E f . 050 Poncelet. Essai sur )’Art de Tracer la Menuiserie at les Objets Mecaniques, on Part du trait mis en pratique. 1 vol. 4to, accompagne de 48 planches_. 7 -3 75 Papers on Subjects connected with the duties of the ae of Royal Engineers. Vols. 1 to 6. 1837-1843. 6 vols., for : 2 ° Published Price £7 00 Sterl. Pouteceulant. Theorie Analytique du Systeme du Monde. 8 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1829. 12 00 Pousen (A. fF.) Traite de hele tea des Mines de Houille. VY. 3, Syo., text, with folio Atlas. A - 2 - 500 Prony (8&.) Insir pocee Pratique sur une Methode pour eee les dinentaeee des murs de Revetement, etc. 4to. Paris 2 4 S 2 -0 75 Puissant. Traite de Topographie d’Arpentage, et de ‘isalloment 4to. Paris, 1820. 6 00 Purslo (3.) Government of the Heavens, post Syo. London, 1853 F q 212% Records of the School of ae, &c., as to the Arts. Roy. 8yo. Pts.1,2and3. Lon- don, 18524, each. = a . 0 75 ——- (f+) Cours de Mecanique apres la Nature generalement flexible. 4to. Paris, - . . . . Remond. Tactique Appropr iee au Perfectionnement des Armes a Bk Portatives. 8yo, avec figures : ‘ . 200 Reynaud et Giudianiet: pisileiiiis et Devaonseeets des Mathews Bro. 2 25 Richard (G. J.) Aide-Memoire General et Alphabetique des TNBPRIGUES, 2 volumes S8yo., et atlas de 142 planches 4to a - 2 Ay Ritt scecigaad Problemes BP Epieeeo de Pains ala etal 2 wale 8vo. Paris, ) 1836 - - 30 ( YE.) probiasiies de Pectin et de Beireumnnie Se edit. ipa Bees 1848 .1 50 Problemes d’Algebre et Exercices de Calcul Algebrighes avec les i = edit. Syo. Paris, 1847. : - 150 Roguet. Lecons de Geometrie ‘analy quae a 2 eta 3 Tiineneioan 8vo. Paris, “1954 . 200 Rondetet et Blouet. Traite Theorique et Pratique de l’Art de Baer de Jean 1 Rondelet. 2 vols. 4to, et atlas in-folio de 105 planches : - Royal Astronomical Society Memoirs. Vols. 5, 4to. 1833. peat inrussia . . 250 Salmon (G.) Treatise on the Higher Plane Curves. Svo. London, 1852 ° - 3 60 Schulze. Systema Solare. Svo. Londini, 1817 . A 2 - 7 . 02 Serret. Cours d’Algebre Superieure. Vol. Syo. 1848 3 . P = 2 1936 Traite de Trigonometrie. 1 vol. 8vo., avec 2planches. 1850 . . 100 Traite d’Arithmetique. 1 vol. Svo. 1852 = : : . = - 150 Lecons sur les Applications Pratique de la Geometrie * de la a Svo., avec 8 planches, 1850. 2e edition 2 . .0 Sganzin (J.) Programme ou Resume des ecoi stain Bae de Constrastiene avec des applications tirees specialement de l’art de ingenieur des ponts et chaussees. 5e edit., enrichie d’un atlas yolumineux, par M. Reibeli. 4 vols. 4to., avec un atlas in-folio, demi-jesus, compose de 180 planches . 4 Simms (Ff. WW.) Public Works of Great Britain, ES of Railways —— Tunnels Bridges, Harbors, &c., &c. Folio, half morocco. London, 1847 . Smellii (W.) Appotonino tatavus. Svo. Lugdinie, 1608 . ¢ s -100 Cyclometriens. .4to. Lugdinie . . . é 5 . 0 75 Sonnet. Algebre Elementaire, avec de ioeinredbes afiplivauchs a la Geometrie et aux questions de Physique, &c. S8vo. Paris, 1848. ‘ 3 175 Starforth (J.) The Architecture of the Farm; a Series of Destgis for Farmhouses, Factors’ Houses, and Labourer’s jeu with Descriptions. 74 ar Ato. ic sly 1853 : . 12 Stocqueler (3. Ht.) Whe Military Ranylopabdla: a Technical, Piceeaeal: sat His- torical Dictionary, referring exclusively to the Military Sciences, the Memoirs of Distinguished Soldiers, and Narratives of Remarkable Battles. Svo. London, 1853. 8 60 Straith (H.) Treatise on Fortification, and Artillery. 8vo. London, 1846. . 400 Introductory Essay to the Study of Fortification. S8vo, and plates 4to. 1854 ; .400 Syllabus of the differential and Integral Calculus. Syo, half ve CamboHge (Eng. ), Pate PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ARTS, &c. 21 $c. “Lactique Navale. Memoire sur l’emploi de relevements pour comparer les vitesses des mayires. 4to, et planche . . * . B - 2 . Warnier (£. A.) Traite d’Algebre Elementaire. Syo. Paris, 1851. : . 250 ‘Wate (@.) The Principles of Mechanical Philosophy applied to Industrial Mechanics. Forming a Key to the Author’s Exercises on Mechanics and Natural Philosophy. With 200 wood engravings. S8vo. London, 1853 a . Whierry. Methode Graphique et Geometrique appliquee aux art du dessin. Oblong. 8vo, plates. A : - : : 3 « 4 : Whorel (5. A.) Arpentage et Geodesie pratiques. Ouvrage a l’aide duquel on peut apprendre le systeme metrique dans sa perfection, l’arpentage, etc. 2e tirage, 4to, plus 10 pl. Paris, 1853 : J - Todhunmter (i.) Treatise on Differential and Int. Calculus. Post Svo. London, 1852 . 3 00 Wreatise on Eccentric Turning, by an Amateur. Post 4to. - 6 00 Wredgeid (f.) Elementary Principles of Carpentry: a Treatise on the Pressure and Equilibrium of Timber Framing, the Resistance of Timber, and the Construction of Floors. Centres, Bridges, Roofs, Uniting ron and Stone with Timber, &c; with Practical Rules and Examples, &c. With an Appendix by Peter Barlow. New edit., with 42 pl. 4to. London, 1853 : - : 2 : 12 00 On Steam Engine. 4to. Locomotive Engines. Half morocco. . 4 15 00 Do Marine Engines. 2 vols. Halfmorocco . = 24 00 ™Mresea (W.) Traite Elementaire de Geometrie Descriptive. Syo. et Atlas ri . 200 Winmecent. Cours de Geometrie Elementaire. Svo. Paris,1844 . 5 » 200 Won Vega. Logarithmisch Trigonometrisches Handbuch, 23e Aufiage, von Hulsse. ‘ Syo. Leipsig, 1842 5 - + 4 = : 3 5 s . 300 Warr (G. F.) Dynamics, Construction of Machinery, Equilibrium of Structures, and the Strength of Materials. With 277 illustrations. Svo. London, 1851 s . - 8 00 Weale’s Rudimentary Series. 12mo, viz.: Andrew’s Architectural Engineering, 2 pts., —Baker’s Elements of Mechanism.—Blan’s Hints on the Forms of Ships.—Ciark’s English Grammar.—Cox’s Integral Calculus.—Elwes’ Italian Grammar.—Elwes’ Spanish Grammar.—Glyn on Power of Water.—Hamilton’s History of England, pt. 1.—Hamil- ton’s Greek Lexicon, pt. 1—Harris’ Magnetism, pt. 3, —Highton’s.Electric Telegraph.— Jeans’ Navigation —Kirkland’s Geometry.—Law’s Civil Engineering, v. 3, pts. 1 and 2. —Main’s Astronomy.—Raspail’s Domestic Medicine.—Strauss’s German Grammar.— Strauss’ German Reader.—Wiggin’s Embanking Lands from the Sea, 2 pts.—Woolhouse’s Differential Calculus.—Young’s Arithmetic.—Key to. Price each. i A . 0 30 Wolland (W.) Ordnance Survey. Astronomical Observations made with Airy’s Zenith Sector, from 1842 to 1850, for the Determination of the Latitudes of various Trigonometrical Stations used in the Ordnance Survey of the British Isles. 4to. 1 Woung (J.#.) An Introduction to Algebra, and to the Solution of Numerical Equa- tions; with full Explanations of the Theory, and numerous Examples for Exercise. 12mo. bound : . . ; F e i : . . @airetti (E.) Trattato Theorico pratico di prospettivo. 8vo. Milan, 1820 . - 050 Zastrow. Histoire de la Fortification Permanente. Ouvrage traduit de l’Allemand par Neuens, major d’artillerie. 1 vol. 8vo. avec atlas de 18 planches, grand format . 5 00 PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ART, ILLUSTRATED WORKS, AND BELLES LETTRES. A View of the Intellectual Powers of Man, &. S8yo. Liverpool . . = -100 Annuaire Historique, ou Histoire Politique et Litteraire. 1818 to 1840, incl. 23 yols., bound in cloth Y, P ° 7 r Bacon’s Noyum Organum and Advancement of Learning. Complete, with Notes, by J. Devey, M.A. Post 8vo. cloth . ; 7 s : ‘ = 1 50 @uvres Philosophiques, avec des Notices et Eclaircissements, Par M. N. Bouillet. 8 vols. Svo. Paris, 1835. A " . 2 50 Baily (Sam.) Essays on the Pursuit of Truth, and on the Progress of Knowledge. 2d edit. London, 1844 : ; . ‘ — Essays read before Literary Societies, Svo. London, 1852 . 3 ° 2 633g Ballantime (J.) The Book of Orramental Designs. Imperial 4to. with 20 plates . 6 00 Walmes. Philosophie Fondamentale. 3 vols. 12mo. “ : A 22 Bastiat (i- F.) Essays on Political Economy. 12mo_ . F . -100 Baynes (fF. 8.) Essay on New Analytic of Logical Forms. 8vyo . ‘ F ~123 Berthier (F.) L’Abbe de l’Epee, sa Vie, son Apostolat, ses Travaux, sa Lutte et ses Succes. Svo, Paris, 1852 F ‘ . ° ° . . ‘ . Bersot. Essai surla Providence. 12mo ‘ . i e ° ° -100 32 PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ARTS, &c. ——— ~ $ @ Bescherelfe. Dictionnaire National. 2 vol. 4to. halfbound. Paris, 1846 . 16 00 Biden (3.) Truths Maintained. Svyo. London, 1854 e * 4 Ay . 200 Biographie Universelle Nouvelle. Depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu’a nos jours. Sous la direction de M. Hoefer. To be completed in 50 vols., at per vol . 4 é WBWissom. Choix d’Ornements Arabes de Alhambra, reproduits en Photographie. lere Livraison, folio, each livraison containing plates. e . # : * baccarat ath (&wrard.) Album Photographique. Price per livraison, each contain- ing 8 beautiful Photographic llates . : . . . . . 175 11 Livr. are now pub. Sold separately. Boole (ieo.) Investigation of the Laws of Thought. Syo. London, 1854 . 425 Bopp (f&.) Comparative Grammar. Translated by E. B. Eastwick. 2d edit. 8 vols. 8yo. cl. . > - . : é : 5 : cE 20 00 Borenis et Durand, Traite Elementaire de Construction appliquee a 1’Architec- ture civile; contenant les principes qui doivent diriger : le choix et la preparation des materiaux; la configuration et les proportions des parties qui constituent les edifices en general, etc. 1 vol. 4to., et atlas de 30 planchesin-felio . ° . . 5 Bousqu.: t (J.) Histoire du Clerge de France depuis Introduction du Christianisme dans les Gaules. 4 vols. 8yo . = c 3 : . 3 . A Boyhoed (Whe) of Great Men; intended as an Example to Youth. By Birket Foster. 1 00 Wr.oks. Modern Architecture. 4to. London, 1852 . 4 4 Z : 12 00 Chalmers (Br.) On+the Adaptation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual Constitution of Man; with the Author’s last Corrections. 8vo. (Bridgewater Treatises). 1 50 Chalybaus. Historical Survey of Speculative Philosophy from Kant to Hegel. 8vo. London, 1854 a : ’ E :! : ° 3 © . . Chenavard. Nouveau Recueil de Decorations Interieures, contenant des Dessins de Tapisseries, Tapis, Meubles, Bronzes, Vases et autres objets d’Ameublement, la plupart executes dans les Manufactures royales. In-folio cartonne, avec 42 planches . . Chiosso (Capt.) Treatise on Gymnastics. 8vo . = x Z = . 0 37 Clarkson. New Designs for Monuments, Tombs, &c. Folio, 7 parts. Per part . 075 Classified Index to London Catalogue of Books, 1816-51, med. Svo 2 3 - 450 Collimeaw. Analyse Physiologique de |’Entendement human, d’apres l’ordre dans lequel se manifestent, se developpent et s’operent les mouvements sensitifs, intellectuels, affectifs et moraux; suivis d’exercices sur divers sujets de philosophie. 8vo. Paris, 1 ‘ . . . . . . . . . F Combes. Les Paysans francais consideres sous le rapport Historique, Economique, Agricole, Medical et Administratif. Svo. Paris, 1853 ’ : ° ° . Comte (Auguste.) Catechisme positiviste. 12mo. Paris, 1852. = A 0 75 Traite Philosophique d’Astronomie populaire ; ou, exposition Systematique de toutes les notions de Philosophie Astronomique. S8yo. Paris, 1845 = - . . 200 — Philosophy of the Sciences. Edited from the “ Cours de Philosophie Positive,” by G. H. Lewes. Post Svo. cloth. London, 1853 ; 5 c “ = . 150 Positive Philosophy. Translated and condensed by Harriet Martineau. 2 vols, 8yo. 1854. s 2 - E - t 5 ° 2 P . Systeme de Politique Positive. Vols. 1,2and3. Paris, 1852-1853 . : - 5 50 (Achille.) Structure et Physiologie Animales demontrees a l’Aide de figures coloriees decoupees et superposees. 12mo. Paris, 1853 . : P ° = Cooper (f.) The Purgatory of Suicides: a Prison Rhyme, in 10 Books. 8 edit. 12mo. 2 26 Cousin (Vict.) Lectures on the True, the Beautiful, and the Good. PostSvo. Lon- don, 1854 . A . . é - : Z 2 : - 200 Cyclopzdia of Biography; Containing the Lives of the most Remarkable Individuals of all Times and Nations. Edited by E. Rich, Esq., with the assistance of numerous Contributors. With 150 llustrations of Birthplaces, &c. &c. In 1 large vol. Svo . 8 De Gasparin (Count.) The School of Doubt and the School of Faith. Post8yo . 1 50 Dictionmaire de Economie Politique ; Contenant, par ordre Alphabetique, l’exposi- tion des principes de ia Science, opinion des Ecrivains qui ont le plus contribue a sa fondation et a ses progres, la Bibliographie generale de l’Economie Politique, par noms d’auteurs et par ordre de matieres, avec des notices Biographiques et une appreciation raisonnee des principaux ouvrages. (Voir sur notre Catalogue la liste des Collabora- teurs). 2 vol. grand Svo. de 1,000 et 900 pages a deux colonnes, papier colle, ornes des 8 beaux portraits graves sur acier, de Quesnay, Adam Smith, Turgot, Malthus, Sismondi, J.-B. Say, Rossi et Bastiat. Half calf. : - c “ r 15 00 des Sciences Philosophiques, par une Societe de Professeurs et de Savants. 8 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1844-1852 . > - = 2 3 js F 15 Or in half calf . 7 5 : : : : 2 * 18 00 Doubleday (‘T.) True Law of Population connected with the Food of the People. 2nd edit. 8vo. London, 1854. : d J * ‘ Dove (®. &.) Elements of Political Science: in 2 Books, Part1l. Method; Part 2. Doctrine. Syo, London, 1854. ° . F . . - . ’ PHILOSOPHY, METAPHYSICS, ARTS, &c. 33 $c. xabeuns a sd la Prostitution dans la ville dic sae la conquete. 8yo. Paris, 1853 ‘ s 2 ot Duffin (f,.) Bilcathts: % Treatise fiiteldea: with or without Models, as a Guide for Self-Instruction. Royal 8vo. plates, with box complete. London; 1853 *. : - 650 Dufeur (P.) Histoire de la Prostitution chez tous les Peuples du Monde, depuis l’An- tiqnite la plus reculee jusqu’a‘nos jours. Lllustre, 6 vols. Svo F 5 . E50 Durand. Precis des Lecons d’Architecture donnees a l’Ecole Royale Polytechnique a Paris. 1 vol. 8vo., et un atlas de 98 planches 4to., gravee avec le plus grand soin. 10 00 Recueil et Parallele des Edifices de tout Genre, anciens et modernes, remarquables par leur beaute, par leur grandeur ou par leur singularite ; dessine sur une meme echelle. Atlas in-plano de 110 planches, dont 20 planches inedites, ajoutees Par les a oy Belges, accompagne d’un volume Svo. de texte = . . Duval. Petites Maisons de Plaisance et d’Habitation, choisies aux environs de Paris et dans les quartiers neufs de la capitale, Presentees en Plans, Coupes, Elevations, Details de Decoration Interieure et Exterieure, etc., gravees au trait d’apres les dessins origi- naux communiques. 30 planches, 4to., avec texte descriptif : = - E: Eclipse (fhe) of Faith; or a Visit to a Religious Sceptic. 4th edit. post 8vo . - 3 00 Edersheim (%.) Historical Development of Speculative Philosophy, from amt to , Hegel. From the German of Dr. H. M. Chalybaus. Svo. London, 1853. 3 2% Elmes (James.) Sir Christopher Wren and his Times, with Sketches and Suagies : of the most distinguished personages in the 17th century. Syo. London, 1852. Portrait. 4 00 Emny. Traite de PArt de la Cbespenionia, 2 vols. 8yo., avec atlas de 157 planches, petit in-folio. = 22 Faye (H.- ), Lecons de Fomanene, nt EBS poe les programmes officiels d’admis- son a l’Ecole Polytechnique, &c. Svo. Paris, 1852 . Ferret. Rudiments du Dessin. Etude speciale des angles. "Paris, 1854. 4to. avec 46 pl. 2 Bs Formey. Discours sur la question pourquoi tant de Personnes ont si pen de Gout pour tout ce qui demande |’Exercices des facultes intellectuelles. 4to . 7 - 0 Berster (C.) The One Primeval Language, traced experimentally throutl Ancient Inseriptions in Alphabetic Characters of lost Powers from the Four Continents: includ- ~ ing the Voice of Israel from the Rocks of Sinai; and the Vestiges of Patriarchal Tradi- tion from the Monuments of Egypt, Etruria, and Southern Arabia. With illustrative Plates, a Harmonised Table of Alphabets, Glossaries, and Translations. Vol. 3, 8yo . 6 50 Foster (C. 3.) Elements of Jurisprudence. 12mo. London, 1853 * » ~1 75 Garnier (Adolphe.) Traite des facultes de l’ame, comprenant l’Histoire des princi- pale Theories Psychologiques. 3 vols. Svo. Paris,1852 . é - - -5500 Gell (Sir W.) and Gandy. Vues des Ruines de Pompeii. 4to. Paris, 1826 12 50 Gobimeau. Essai sur l’Inegalite des Races humaines. 2 vols. 8vo ; . - 400 Gray (W.J.) A Treatise on Rural Architecture; comprehending Plans, Elevations, and Sections of Farm-houses, Farm-Offices, Cottages, Manses, Schools, Gates, Railings, &c.; with ear a sdati and all hiner Sta cect as to their Cost. Imp. Syo. 48 2 i Plates E a 2 : ° ° Gruzot. Histoire de Cine ter. 2 is. 12mo. Paris, 1854 4 P > - 200 Histoire de la Republique d’Augleterre et de Cromwell. 2 vols.12mo. Paris, 1853. 2 00 Hamilten (Sir W.) Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform, chiefly from the “‘ Edinburgh Review.” 2nd edit. 8vo av WHiay (9.B.) Natural Principles of Beauty as developed in the Human Figure . . 150 Hegel (W. F.) Cours d’Esthetique, traduit par Ch. Bernard. 5 vols. Svo. 1840-1851. 10 00 Hrerdman (W.G.) On Curvilinear big gs of Nature andits Sra. to Art. 8vo. 1854 Histoire des Peintres de tenis ihe Ecoles Aepide lay renaissance pencrite nos jours. Ac- compagnee d’un Portrait des pre: dela Nea eduction de leurs plus beaux tableaux, ete., ete. Price per livraison . . . . . . . Bollard. De l’Homme et Races Humainigs. 18mo. Paris, 1853 . . : - 100 Mume (41.) The Learned Societies and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom. With Supplement by A. J. Evans. Post Svo., reduced to . ° ° . -150 Hunt (Leigh.) The er of the Heart: a Manual of Faith and a Svo. Lon- don, 1853 . : .1%5 Poetry of Sedna or, Studies “of pou Physical Bitrate of Nature 3d a revised and enlarged. Post S8vo. London, 1854 . “ | Jerrold (W..) The Treads of a Storm-Sail. Written at the Suggestion of the Directors of the Birkbeck Life Assurance Company. Cloth . -083 Johnston (4. K.) Hand Atlas of Classical Geography. 4to. 1854 ° ’ - 6 00 Kant. Elements Metaphysiques de la Doctrine du droit. (1re partie. Dela Metaphy- sique des meeurs.) Suivis d’un Essai Philosophique sur la paix perpetuelle et d’autres petits ecrits relatifs an droit naturel. Traduit de l’Allemand par Jules Barny. Svo. Paris, 1954 J 3 . . . Fe d ° * . «200 3 34 PHILOSCPHY, METAPHYSICS, ART, &c. $c. Kipping (Rt.) Elements of Sailmaking. 8vo. London, 1854 . . . - 3% Lamartinme. Histoire de la Restauration. S8vols. Syo . ~ é 2 10 00 Or in half calf . E : ! ° . ° . e 5 14 00- 8 vols. 12mo : J - z . ‘ . - 700 Or in half calf. Paris, 1851-1853 = . . ° . e 10 00 BEamotte. Tableaux de Dessin Lineaire. 10 planches in-folio . ’ rs - 0 75 Latham (&.G.) The Germania of Tacitus, with Sire ae Dissertations and Notes, andmap. Syo. London, 1S51. 3 . . : . Lepsius. Letters from Egypt, Ethiopia, ath the Peniatuis of Sinai; tere bitiby with Extracts from his Chronology of the Egyptians, with reference to "the Exodus of the Israelites. Revised by the Author. Translated by Leonora and Joanna B. Horner. ie Mae of the Nile and the Peninsula of Sinai, and coloured View of Mount Barkal. “ei vo . - . . : : Lotaseaor Ve Edifices de time Moderne, ou Recueil des pakata; maisons, eglises, cou- vents et autres monuments publics et particuliers les plus remarquables de la ville de Rome. Ouvrage compose de 231 planches grand format, divisees en deux parties, chacune de 20 liv., et chaque partie accompagnee d’un peau vol. de texte 4to. Liege. 50 00 Lewis (G. C-) Treatise on Method of Reasoning in Politics. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1852. 8 50 immer (Luke.) Suggestions in Design for the use of Artists and Art Workmen, Sey Demy 4to. 48 Plates . o rt Littre (E.) Conservation, payalution! ‘ae Posiiviate! son: Paris, 1952 . 050 TWacvicar (J. G.) An Inquiry into Human Nature. 8vo. London, 1853 . 225 TWarcol (C.) Language as a Means of Mental Culture and International Communica- tion; or, Manual of the Teacher and the Learner of Se aa aa 2 vols. 12mo. oe don, 1853 . - - . - : t 475 Miartimeau (H.) Letters from Baa Post Brae ronda 1858 - 2 > 2 00 soar cto (Ee. asi Moral and Metanhyscnt PEAOEEE of ee a Six str Post Theological feiae Po Bes. pea ‘4854 “ A , : : . 3 00 Veissas et Wiichelot. Manuel de ae 18mo., avec les tableaux de Geo- graphie en folio. Paris, 1853 . % 5 i - 100 Wienche de Leisne. Influence de la Titteratiate Francaise de 1830 a 1850 sur l’esprit public et les meeurs. Svo. Paris, 1852 Z ° . Morell (J. BW.) Elements of Psychology. Part 1. ‘aie: London, 1858 . . - 225 The Philosophical Tendencies of the Age. ae Four Lectures delivered at Edin-, burgh and Glasgow. S8vo. cloth. 1853 x : . : . iumro (1. E%.) A Manual of Logic Deductive and dedenting: 12mo. .. _.150 WNapicr (¥%.) Lord Bacon and Sir Walter Raleigh. Svo_ . . . . - 200 Napoleon ('¥H.) Cuvresde. Tomestet2. 2e volumes 8vyo . ° - 5 00 Tome ler. L’Idee ne ae .—Des Idees Napoleoniennes. —Fragments Historiques, 1688 et 1830. Reponse a M. de Lamartine.—Reveries Politiques.—Melanges. Tome 2. Melanges (suite).—Extinction du Pauperisme.—Analyse de la Question des Su- sres.—Projet de loi sur le Recrutement de ]’Armee.—Considerations Politiques et Militaires sur la Suisse—Quelques mots sur Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte.—Le Canal de Nicaragua. Les Guvres ‘de Napoleon ITI. se composeront de 4 volumes, Weil (S-) The Art of yeni a a pia pr igmeah of ec Principles of Logic, In- ductive. P. 242 . : . 138 Newman. History of the Hebrew pantie. 2d edit, oy . < 3 eee Niebuhr (&%-.G.) Lectures on Ancient Ethnography and Geography; comprising Greece and her Colonies, Epirus, Macedonia, Ilyricum, Italy, Gaul, Spain, Britain, the North of Africa, &c. Translated by Dr. Leonhard Schmitz. 2 vols. SyQ. ° - 5 00 Noblesse de Framce (Ma), aux Croissades. Publie par M. Roger. Royal 8vo. beautifully illustrated, and bound in illuminated cloth. Paris, 1845 " . . Normand. Le Guide de l’Ornemantiste, ou de l’Ornement peur la decoration des bati- ments. Atlas de 37 planches, avec texte. - F 6 Monuments Funeraires des Cimetieres de Paris et des Le tomien villes de France et de l’Etranger 1 Paris Moderne, ou Choix de Maisons construites dans les Nouveaux quartiers de la Capitale et dans ses environs. Trois parties comprenant ensemble 478 planches. » 86 00 Nouvelle Biographie Universelle depuis Jes temps les plus recules jusqu’a nos jours, avec les renseignements Biographiques et ]’Indication des sources a consulter, publiee sous la direction du docteur Hoefer. To be completed in 30 vols., at per vol. ‘ ued wale C.) Soul in Nature and other Works, by Horner. PostSyo. London, is Page. Guide for drawing the Acanthus and every Description of foliage. 12mo., with 0 Steel Plates . . 8 50 Philosophical Theories and Philosophical Senarienae By a Pariah, 8d edition enlarged, fep. pp. 91, cloth. (Books on Great Subjects, Vol.1) . . e . PHiLOSGPHY, METAPHYSICS, ART, &c. 35 - $c. Piorry. Dieu, l’Ame, la Nature, Poeme. Suivi de fragments Poetiques sur les Medecins, sur Napoleon, sur la revolution. Svo. Paris, 1854, Z : é . . Plurality of Worlds, an Essay. Svo, Plates. London, 1854 r : 5 . 2 50 Premiers Grands Prix d’Architecture. Pr ojects couronnes par |’Academie royale des Beaux-Arts de France, depuis 1779 jusqu’a nos jours. Ouvrage compose de 141 pl. 25 00 Psychological Inquiries, in a Series of Essays, intended to illustrate the Influence of the Physical Organisation on the Mental Faculties. Svo . = 112% Heid’s Intellectual Powers of Man, by Sir W. Hamilton. Syo. Edinb. 1853 . 1 88 BRembrandet. (L’uvre de) reproduit par la Photographie decrit par Chs. Blane. ler livraison containing 4 plates on Bristol Board, and text . F é . 5 00 Will be completed in 10 livraisons. Reyraud. Traite d’Architecture contenant des notions generales sur Jes Principes de la Construction et sur l’Histoire de l’Art 5 ° - : . Richards (W. EF.) Manual of Method, for the use of Teachers in i ieatintnee Schools. 0 75 Rickman. An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of Architecture in England from the Conquest to the Reformation. Beautifully illustrated. Svo. London, 1848 4 . 6 00 Ritter Geographisch Statutisches Lexicon yon Hoffman. 8vo. Leipsig, 1848 _ . . 3 00 BReoget (P.¥.) Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases classified and arranged so as to facilitate the Expression of Ideas and assist in Literary py 2d edition, enlarged, 8yo. London, 1853 : 7 ; - A ‘ - 42% Boston, 1854. . C : A * . 150 Roux (aime.) Fermes Modeles, ou Recueil de Constinetions Rurales at Gommeeaien comprenant un choix dexemples des batiments necessaires aux divers degres de l’ex- ploitation agricole; presente en laid Coupes, Elevations, Details en Constructionse 60 planches avec texte . : 3 4 4 ~ . 150 Salve-te. Des Sciences occultes, ou waa sur la Magie, les Pr eaten et les intradies, 2e edit. 1 vol. grand 8yo, papier Velin, de 550 pages. Paris, 1843. i , 200 Sarmiento. Civilisation et Barbarie, Beare Coutumes, Caracteres des peuples Ar- gentins, Facundo, Quiroga et Aldao . 5 - ° F . 100 Sayous. Histoire de la Litterature eates de 1830 a 1850, sur be UE Public et les Meeurs. Syo. Paris, 1852 fs . » ‘ . - 150 Shuttleworth (J. &.) Public Rinaniony as affected & the Mixmien of the Com- mittee of Privy Council, from 1846 to 1852. 8yo. London, 1853. i . 8 60 Smith (Ch. #. J.) Parks ana Pleasure Grounds; or, Practical Notes on Country Residences, ViJlas, &c. Svo. London, 1852 . 5 . 175 State of Man Subsequent to Promulgation of Christianity. Pt, 4, 19mo. 1854 : oa SO Stirlimg (W.) The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V. Syo. London, 1852 . 2 87 Strauss. Vie de Jesus, traduit par BE. Littre. Vols.land2,in4parts . . . 6 00 Durckheim Theologie de la Nature. 3 vols. Syo. 5 4 . 6 50 Waylor (Iszac.) Elements of Thought; or, Concise Explanations, &c. “idan 1833. 1 00 Whenot. Traite de Perspective. Grand 8vo, avec 28 planches . A " . 259 oiier ry (Aug.) Histoire du Tiers Etat. Svo . : . . : od 73 2 vols. 12mo : ¢ : . ; 5 F - . -175 Thiers, Histoire ay Consulat et de Empire. Volsitoll. Svo. Paris, 1840-1854, a per vol. . ° ° . : F ° ° : ° . -1%8 Orinhalfcalf . : i - “ 5 5 js * 17 To be completed in 1854. Thiollet, Roux et Perret. Nouveau Recueil de Menuiserie et Decorations In- terieures et Exterieures. 60 planches avec texte . ‘ . ° p . 9 00 Thorpe (§%.) Analecta Anglo-Saxonica. New edit. Post 8vo. London, 1854. . 275 Thomson (W.) An Outline of the cape Laws of Thought: a Treatise on Pure and Applied Logic. Syvo ; ; : : ; i : » 2 25 Townshend (C. Hi) Mesmerism proved True, and the Quarterly Reviewer Re- viewed, 12mo. ' London, 184. ° ‘ . ° . : - 150 Trememheere (§.8.) Political eeaiie of the Ancients. 12mo . . . 0% Wroplonmg. Du Pouvoir de l’Etat surl’Enseignement. S8vo. Paris, 1844. » - 100 Surmer and his Werks: illustrated with examples from his Pictures, and critical remarks on his Principles of Painting. By John Burnet, F.R.S,, and a Memoir by Peter Cunningham. 4to. London, 1852 . - i: 4 i, . 9 00 Ventura. Essai sur eset des Idees et sur le fondendent de la Certitude. Syo, Paris, 85 . : : . ° : . : i Villemain. Souvenirs Contemporatid d'Histoire et de Litterature, Byo. Paris, 1854. 2 00 WVillemeuve. [Essai sur l’Influence des Passions et des travaux Intellectuels sur ’E- conomie et la Sante de l’Homme. 4to. i i ‘ ° ‘ ‘ . 0 75 Weaagen (Mr.) Treasures of Art in Great Britain; being an Account of the chief Col- lections of Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated MSS. &c. &c. 3 vols. Svo 11 00 6 . ADDENDA. Weiss (Ch.) Histoire des Refugies Protestants de France depuis la revocation de l’edit om de Nantes jusqu’a nos jours. 2vols..12mo. Paris, 1853 . a ‘ j ‘ Whewell (%¥.) Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. 2vols. 8vo . : - 9 00 —— History of Do 8vols. 8vo . r 12 00 —— Lectures on History of Moral Philosophy. 8vo. London, 1850 = F «. 250 Of a Liberal Education in General, and with particular reference to the leading studies at Cambridge. Svo. London, 1845 . fH ° ° : : 2 2 2 The Doctrine of Limits with its Applications, &c. Svo. Cambridge, 1838 . 275 Wren (Sir C.) and his Times, by James Elmes. 8vo . - : - ~486 Wronski. Historiosophie ou Science de l’Histoire. 2 vols. 8vo. 3 2% ADDENDA TO BOOKS ON MATHEMATICS. Condamiive, fF. deta. Journal du Voyage fait par ordre du Roi a L’Equateur servant d’Introduction Historique a la mesure des Trois premiers degres du Meridien. 4to. Paris, 1751. (In sheep.) Biot, F.=E- Essai de Geometrie Analytique: appliquee aux Courbes et aux Surfaces du Se ordre. Ouvrage destine a l’Enseignement Public. 6e edition, 8yo. Paris, 1823. (In paper). . Franceur, L. B. Cours Complet de Mathematiques Pures; dedie a S. M. Alexandre ler, Empereur de Russie. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1802. (In Russia.) Bonnmycastle, Jchwm. A Treatise on Algebra, in Practice and Theory, with Notes and Illustrations ; containing a variety of particulars relating to the discoveries and improve- ments that have been made in this branch of analysis. 2nd edition, revised and greatly im- proved. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 182). (In sheep.) Echuber’, F.'£. Populaire Astronomie. 3 vols. 8vo. St. Petersburgh, 1804-1810. (In paper.) Puissant, I. Traite de Geodesie, ou Exposition des Methodes Trigonometriques et Astro- nomiques, applicable soit a la mesure de la Terre, soit a la Confection des Canevas des Cartes et des Plans Topographiques. 2me edition, 2 vols. 4to. “Paris, 1809. (Russia.) Struve, &. G. WW. Stellarum duplicium et Multiplicium Mensure Micrcmetrice in specula — Dorpatensi instituze, annis a 1824 ad 1837. Folio. Petropoli, 1837. (Paper.) La Place, ¥¥. le WMiarquis de. The System of the World: translated from the French, and elucidated with explanatory notes by the Rev. Henry H. Harte. S8vo. 2 vols. Dublin, 1830. (In cloth.) La Place, P.S&. Exposition du Systeme du Monde. 2d edition, 4to, Paris, 1799. (Paper.) Lacroix, $. F. Traite du Calcul differentiel et du Calcul integral. 2d edition, revue et augmentee, 3 vols. 4to, Paris, 1810-19. (In calf.) ; Biot ct Arage. Recueil d’Observations Geodesiques, Astronomiques, et Physiques, executees par ordre du Bureau des Longitudes de France, en Espagne, en France, en Angleterre et en Ecosse. 4to. Paris, 1821. (In paper.) : Hutton, Charles, L£.BD. Tracts on Mathematical and Philosophical Subjects, &c. 3 vols. Svo. London, 1812. (Boards, elcth back.) Franklin. Benjamin, LL.D. Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made at Philadelphia in America. To which are added letters and papers on Philosophical Subjects. The whole corrected, Methodized, Improved, and now first collected into one volume, and illustrated with copper plates. Small 4to. London, 1769. (Sheep.) Priestly, Joseph, LL... Experiments and Observations relating to various branches of Natural Philosophy; with a continuation of the Observations on Air. Svo. 3d volume. Birmingham, 1786. (Boards.) Theory and Practice of Warming and Ventilating Public Buildings, dwelling houses and con- servatories; with a description of all the known varieties of stoves, grates and furnaces, &c. 8vo. London, 1825. (Boards.) Earlow, Peter. An Essay on Magnetic attractions and on the laws of terrestrial and Electro-Magnetism, 2d edition, 8vo, London, 1823. (Boards.) Rumford, Coumt. Essays Political, Economical and Philosophical. Vol. 1, containing & Essays. (Sheep.) Essays 7, 8, 9, 10. 4 vols. in boards. 8vo. London, 1796-99. Bernouilli, Daniel, Joh. Fil. Hydrodynamica, sive de viribus et motibus fluidorum commentarii. 4to, Argentorali, 1738. (Parchment.) Just published, 1 vol., 12mo., in flexible leather binding, Price $1 50. The Prescriber's Complete Handbook, Comprising the Principles of the Art of Prescribing, a Materia Medica containing all the principal Medicines employed, classified according to their ' natural families, with their Properties, Preparations and Uses, and a concise sketch of Toxicology. BY “M-;RnCe RNS f Ae, PROFESSOR OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, PARIS, AND M. REVEIL. . EDITED, WITH NOTES, BY J. BIRKBECK, NEVI NMS) ee 8vo., Price $5 00. Practical Treatise ON THE USE OF THE MICROSCOPE. INCLUDING THE METHODS OF PREPARING AND EXAMINING ANI- MAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL STRUCTURES. BY JOHN QUEKETT, Assistant Conservator of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England THIRD EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS, WITH 11 STEEL aND 206 WOOD ENGRAVINGS. 2 vols., 8vo., with 423 Woodcuts, Price $5 75. QOURKETT‘S LECTURES ON HisTrTotocy, Delivered at the Rogal College of Surgeons of England. Vol. I. Elementary Tissues of Plants and Animals, 8vo., 159 Woodeuts, $1 75. Vol. Il. Structure of the Skeletons of Plants and Invertebrate Animals, Syo., 264 Woodeuts, $4. In 8vo0., with te fond colored Plates and 129 Woodcuts, $5 00. KNAPP, RONALD’S AND RICHARDSON’S CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS AND TO MANUFACTURES, VOT, TEs... Embracing Sugar, Coffee, Tea, Water, Chocolate, Bread, &e. NEW EDITION OF VOL. I., GREATLY ENLARGED, IN TWO DIVISIONS. DIVISION Ist, FUEL. IDL ADB AD DAA DBAS VAADA PD AD AAGIS IMPORTANT WORKS ON ETHNOLOGY. PRICHARD AND NORRIS, THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MAN: CONTAINING ENQUIRIES INTO THE MODIFYING INFLUENCES OF PHYSICAL AND MORAL AGENCIES OF THE DIFFERENT TRIBES OF THE HUMAN FAMILY, BY JAMES COWLES PRICHARD, FOURTH EDITION. ; EDITED WITH VERY CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS AND NUMEROUS ORIGINAL COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS AND WOOD ENGRAVINGS. BY EDWIN NORRIS, Two Vols. Royal 8vo. with Sixty-two Coloured Illustrations and One Hundred and Ten Wood Engrayings. Elegantly bound in cloth. London, 1855, $10 00. BAILLIERE’'S ETHNOGRAPHICAL LIBRARY, EDWIN NORRIS, HS O<, B.A, Bx VOL. I. ; ; NATIVE RACES OF THE INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO; PAPUANS. BY GEORGE WINDSOR EARL, M.R.A.S. Post Syo. cloth, with five coloured Plates and two Woodcuts. London, 1853. $2 00. RS EEE ee a OS SS SSS 8000800 0 0 eee = SS NY VOL, TE . NATIVE RACES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE, BY 2D BG R..iG ie DL ADAMS Author of “ The Varieties of Man,” ete. Post Svo. with a Coloured Map, copied from one made under the direction of the Russian Government, and other Illustrations. London, 1855. $2 00. ——— SIX ETIHNOGRAPHICAL MAPS, To elucidate the above, and other Works on Ethnology. Folio. Coloured, with descriptive text , bound in cloth, Third edition. $6 00. Just Published, 12mo., sewed. 63 cents. HUMAN. “DC ONG EY AND THE AMOUNT OF LIFE UPON THE GLOBE, BY P. FLOURENS, Of the Academy of Science, Paris, Translated from the French. Second Edition. By CHarLes Marre. g EE Shoe J GB pe, =| BOEEURZ EIA wre 3, YUL | GC IVE QH Quarterly journal of micros- 201 copical science ¥opa2 Biological & Medical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Gea Se@n-et> dena ~ i ea nh es ee Bits 9 a - , = = sok ~tin rn —— ece 5 7 : —— =* = a a ? ~ A ~~ awe haba a Fd - - ‘ ote are oe ts ei a * eer AO wehtaeeire anare ee = - = se . . awe i ‘ eS utlOny. team signe ae Ntrautsvnl eo antes Sooner ser cota mia