SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES Quarterly Journa | “AUAUIINTTIONL 3 9088 01421 9885 ML nO. J Maw [Rug S76 & | Tao) moe Dt 3a |e \ol| No. 9. ] MAY & AUGUST, |876. [Vol 1. QUARTERLY JOURNAL CONCHOLOGY. CONTENTS. PAGE. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: Note on Helix pulchella—HENRyY HEMPHILL. 129 Notes on the occurrence of rare and local shells in unrecorded localities. — W. G, BLATCH. 129 Species versus varieties. —J. T. MARSHALL, 131 Notes on the identity of various European Helicidee.—C. P GLOYNE. 133 Remarks on the South Australian Helices, with a notice of all species known to present date.—G. FRENCH ANGAS, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S. 134 Descriptions of five new Marginellze.—F. P. MARRAT. 136 Land shells of the Isles of Scilly —W. H. HATCHER. 138 A white variety of Limncea palustris at Southport.—E. CoL.irr. 139 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES : Marginella Tyermant, Aarrat. 136 Marginella perla, A/arrat. 136 Marginella preecallosa, (Higgins) Marrat. 136 Marginella Warrenii, JJarrat. 137, Marginella callosa, MZarrat. 137 BIBLIOGRAPHY : a ee LONDON: HARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY, W. Lreeps;: T. BARMBY, BookKSELLER, BRIGGATE. BrisToLt: W.-K. MANN, Granby House, Clifton. PRICE ONE SHILLING. Notice. With the view of expediting the completion of the first volume, and of publishing various communications that have been received, double numbers will for the present be issued each quarter. Subscriptions for the present and next double numbers, 2/2, are now due and should be at once forwarded to the Office. HeGRANGES. I have a number of Shells in duplicate, which I shall be glad to exchange for any of the following, viz :— Arion flavus, Geomalacus maculosus, Limax levis, Limax tenellus, Succinea putris var. vitrea and solidula, Succinea elegans var. ochracea, Vitrina pellucida var. depressiuscula and Dillwynii, Zonites fulvus var. Mortoni, Zonites crystallinus var. complanata, or Helix aculeata var. albida.—Pui.ip B. Mason, F.L.S., Burton on Trent. I have a quantity of glass tablets for mounting shells upon, of vari- — ous useful sizes, which I shall be glad to exchange for specimens of Brit- ish or Foreign Shells (common species not objected to).. —Address, M, Office of the Journal, 9, Wade Street, Leeds. I have a few specimens of Helix limbata, H. fruticum, H. sylvatica, Clausilia biplicata, C. parvula, and Bulimus detritus, for which I shall be glad to receive other species.—J. W. Taylor, Leopold Square, Leeds. BOOKS RECEIVED. Journat de Conchyliologie ; H. Crosse and P. Fischer: April and July, 1876, 8vo, pp. 80 and 96, and 6 plates. The Editors. Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, nebst Nach- richtsblatt; Dr. W. Kobelt; April and July 1876, 8vo, pp..94 and 86, and 6 plates. The Editor. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft; Dr. W. Kobelt; Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8vo, pp. 48. . The Editor. Descriptions of Four new species of Helix, with some notes on Helix Angasiana of Pfeiffer, by Geo. French Angas, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., — E.R.G.S., &c., (From P.Z.S., 1876), 8vo, pp. 4 and 1 plate. The Author. On the Variation of Sculpture exhibited in the Shells of the Genus Nassa; by F. P. Marrat; 8vo. pp. 8, 1876. The Author, Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History; 1876, parts 1 and 2, 8vo, pp. 224 and 1 plate. The Society. — (Continued on seventh page of cover.) 3. B. SOWERBY G, B SO PE IRIS Y m= 45, GREAT RUSSELL ST., LONDON, Names and arranges Specimens and Collections of SHELLS, for Public and Private MUSEUMS; supplies desiderata, and entire Collections, from a large and valuable Stock, which is constantly being replenished by novelties from various parts of the World. PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION. SPECIMENS SENT FOR SELECTION. 45, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, AND AT NO OTHER ADDRESS. NATURAL HISTORY AGENT, (Many years with the late Hugh Cuming), Shells Insects, Bird Skins, Eggs, Reptiles, &c., &c. CoLLECTIONS BouGHT oR SOLD ON COMMISSION. No. 55, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, OPPOSITE THE BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON. Comptoir de Conchyliologie.. Madame Veuve MICHEL VIMONT vient de transporter vue de Monte-| has removed the Conchological notte, 14 ( Ternes), Vetablissement | Establishment carried on by her Conchyliologigue, que son mari et | and her late husband, at Toul- elle dirigeaient. Elle continue, | ouse, to 74, Rue de Montenotte, comme par le passe, a s’occuper | (Parzs-Zernes). She continues de la vente et de Pachat des Co-| to sell, and purchase Recent quilles vivantes, dont elle posséde | Shells, of which she possesses un assortiment considérable, et 4] a large and varied stock, and to faire des envois dans les départe-} send parcels into the* Depart- ments et a l’étranger. ments, or to foreign countries. . Addresse : Rue de Montenotte, 14, PARIS-TERNES. a ae sO el flacitic Slaturalists Agencp, S. E. corner of Stewart, and Market Sts., SAN FRANCISCO. ZOOLOGICAL specimens of every description from the Wusrern shores of North America supplied :— SKINS and SKELETONS of BIRDS and MAMMALS, REPTILES, BATRACHIA and FISHES in spirit, CRUSTACEA and RADIATES; each species with specific name and locality. A descriptive catalogue giving the mode and conditions of life, and of the species supplied, will be furnished to all parties desiring it. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 129 found the little fellow flourishing upon the high table-lands lying between the headwaters of Clearwater and Snake Rivers. I think upon more thorough research it will be found to be universally distributed throughout the mountain ranges running through the great basin between the Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountains, and may yet be discovered west of the Sierras. Some writers favor the idea that it has been introduced in America through commerce, but I think that an error, the fact of its being found in such remote localities, in a wild and unsettled country, far away from the great travelled routes across the continent, and its apparently universal distribution in such a high altitude seems to me to preclude such a possibility; we must therefore account for its presence in America upon some other grounds, possibly a separate creation? NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF.RARE AND LOCAL SHELLS IN UNRECORDED LOCALITIES. By W. G. BLATCH. In the hope that they may be interesting to the readers of “The Quarterly Journal of Conchology” I have been induced to cull the following ‘‘Notes” from my Journals and memoranda. Besides, whilst profiting from the Notes of other contributors, I have felt a little compunction for omitting to add to the general stock any little items of Conchological knowledge of which I hap- - pened to be the possessor. Zonites excavatus var. vitrina, 7é~. On the 2oth September last, whilst searching for Psedaphide in moss attached to a Poplar tree growing ina damp meadow between Knowle and Packwood, Warwickshire, I found a species of shell with which I was not previously ac- quainted. After cleaning and labelling it, I was about to put it away until I should find an opportunity of critically examining it, when my friend Mr. W. Nelson having come in unexpectedly, I showed the specimen 130 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. to him and he pronounced it to be Zonttes excavatus var. vitrina a species not previously recorded as occur- ring in this district. Helix aspersa var. exalbida, JZenke. I found two specimens of this shell at Cambridge in July 1873: they occurred by the roadside about half-a-mile from the Railway Station. I have searched for additional specimens in the same locality subsequently but without success. Helix Cantiana, J4/ont. Near Henley-in-Arden, in the heart of Warwickshire, the turnpike road has been cut through a hill composed of red marl, and on the banks of the cutting, on both sides of the road, Helix Cantiana abounds, although I do not know of its occurrence anywhere else in the county. I found it there during a Saturday Afternoon Excursion of the Birmingham Natural History & Microscopical Society in the summer of 1873. I believe this species was not previously known to exist in Warwickshire. Helix fusca, Mont. Whilst “sweeping” for Coleoptera in North Wales, during August and September last, I found this species in such abundance as to be a nuisance. Large nnmbers were collected at each stroke of the sweeping- net; and becoming crushed up ina slimy mass, rendered it next to impossible to extricate the minute forms of Beetle-life from the refuse, everything in the net being hopelessly agglomerated. This species was extremely abundant near the Torrent Walk, Dolgelly, and on the road from Pensarn to Crafnant and Cwm Bychan. In August 1874, I found a few specimens of this shell near Stonehouse in Gloucestershire, which vary from the type in being flatter and of a harder texture. Some of the North Wales specimens are exceedingly delicate in texture and pale in color. Clausilia Rolphii, Gzay. During the Marine Excursion of the Birmingham Natural History & Microscopical Sociey to Teignmouth in September, 1873, and while on a Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 131 casual visit to Newton Abbot, I found afew specimens of Clausilia Rolphit, in company with C. rugosa, C. Jaminata, etc. under Beech and other trees by the road- side a short distance from Newton Railway Station. Mr. John Morley was with me at the time and I pointed Rolphit out to him with the remark that I had been fortunate in finding that rather rare shell in what I be- lieved to be a new locality. Clausilia rugosa var. albida, /efr. During a short visit to Suffolk in July, 1873, I found a single specimen of this shell on a Railway arch near the village of Gislingham. SPECIES VERSUS VARIETIES. By J. T. MARSHALL. In your number for August, 1875, Mr. Simpson appeals to some one to “remove the difficulties which perplex his mind as to what really constitutes the difference between a species and a variety, and, make clear to him what is the principle upon which such differences are formed.” I will endeavour to reply to him, but fear his mind will still. remain perplexed, in common with all conchologists, on this often- asked but unanswerable question. For if Dr. Jeffreys, after a life- long and careful study of the mollusea, declares that the separation of varieties from species “is often extremely perplexing,” Mr. Simpson cannot hope to have his mind set at rest by a discussion in your columns. Long experience and acute observation will do something, but even then there will always remain forms perplexing to the conchologist. - To explain his meaning (or perplexity) Mr. Simpson cites several what he calls “test cases,” in which IJ think he is unfortunate in the selection. For instance, he says he has compared Helix rufescens and Helix hispida for a long time without being able to find a 132 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. distinguishing character not possessed by each; but H. rufescens is never hispid except in a young stage of growth, and it is then strongly keeled; moreover, it is double the sige in an adult state. He also considers that Clausilia laminata “much resembles C. b2- plicata.” Treally do not know in what, and I do not think any conchologist has any difficulty in separating them. The specific distinction is sometimes more apparent in the animal than in the shell, especially in the marine fauna, and if Mr. Simpson will study the malakological side of the question, he will find that often where the shell is intimately allied, the difference in the mollusc is much greater. Mr. Simpson then declares:—‘“‘It is thus next to impossible to discover the principle upon which conchologists proceed in manu- facturing their species.” Of course not, for there is no principle in manufacturing species, or varieties. It is the ‘“‘right of every na- turalist to follow the bent of his own discretion or inclination in the extension or reduction of species, subject only to the opinion of his scientific compeers.” And Mr. Simpson may even make a var. decollata of his Limnea stagnalis (which, by-the-by, is of com- mon occurrence) if he pleases, but it will depend on the weight of -his authority and experience if “the opinion of his scientific com- peers” follow him. Every work on conchology contains disputable species and varieties which give rise to criticism, for no author is intallible; and though Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys’ work may contain some apparent contra- dictions, it embodies a mass of solid information and results of careful study as is not to be found, in my opinion, in any other work of the kind — or, in fact, all other works put together. In conclusion, I would point out that Mr. Simpson himself un- wittingly quotes, from Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys’ work, what must, after all, be the standard for the guidance not only of conchologists, but of all other sciences, in the determination of species:—‘‘Certain definite forms called species, exist and constitute more or less extensive groups of individuals which resemble each other, as well as their parents and offspring, to the same extent as we observe in those of our own kind. These groups, to deserve the name of species, must be distinct from others; because, if any of them are Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Ea 3 so intimately blended together by intermediate links as to make the line of separation too critical, the test fails, and a subordinate group, or a ‘variety,’ is the result.” SAITO ——__—$— NOTE ON THE IDENTITY OF VARIOUS EUROPEAN HELICLD 4. By C. P. GLOYNE. Through the liberality of my French friends and correspondents, especially M. de St. Simon and M. Abbé Dupuy, I have had the opportunity of examining and comparing specimens of various re- puted species, and I will briefly mention one or two conclusions J have come to. Azeca Nouletiana, Dupuy, is a variety of A. tridens, Pult. The British specimens in my possession all belong to this variety. Azeca Mabilleana, Fagot, is not even a variety; I cannot see any difference between it and the typical ¢77devs. Clausilia nigricans, Pult. I fail to perceive any difference be- tween it and C. sugosa, Drap. Moquin Tandon says that the striz in nigricans are closer than in rugosa, but I see no difference. All the subvarieties —Reboudt:, Dupuy; abzetina, Dupuy; etc.—must be sunk in the species vzgosa, Drap. Cectlianella acicula, Mull., Liesvillet, Bourgt., anglica, Bourgt. These are aésolutely identical, and I suspect that most of the other so-called species of Cecilianella rust follow suit. Flelix nubigena, Charp. This isa variety only, but of carascalen- sts, Fér., not of cespitum, Drap. as Moquin Tandon says. Buliminus niso, Pfr. I suspect that two forms have been includ- ed under this name, one only a variety of B. guadridens, Miill., but the other more elongate and cylindrical, a distinct species. Clausilia Meissneriana, Shuttl., Kzistert, Rossm., adjactensts Shuttl. These are terribly alike. —>2+eo— Wm — 134 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. REMARKS ON THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN HELICES, WITH A NOTICE OF ALL THE SPECIES KNOWN UP TO THE PRESENT DATE. By GEORGE FRENCH ANGAS, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., F.R.G.S., &e. Prior to the year 1860, when I first commenced searching for land shells in the province of South Australia, only six of the species of Helix found there were described, and these were all, (except one) species which occur in other parts of Australia, viz :—/Helex Stutchbnryi, Pfr., Hf. brevipila, Pfr., H. julotdea, Forbes, H. rustica, Pfr., and A. confusa, Pfr. During a residence in the colony of three years, I was enabled to add eleven more species, which were described from my speci- mens by Pfeiffer, Crosse, Arthur Adams, and myself. When Dr. Cox, of Sydney, published his ‘“‘Monograph of Australian Land Shells” in 1868, he swelled the list of South Australian Helices to twenty-two, by the addition of five other species, described by him- self. Since then I have been able to add six more species, thus making the total number twenty-eight. They are as follows :— 1. Helix rustica, ?/. in Zeit-schrift fir Malac. 1852. 2. Helix Waterhousei, Cox, Monog. 1868. = Hf, subangulata, A. Adams and Angas, Proc.Z.S., 1863. The name was altered by Cox, it having been preoccupied for a Tasmanian species in 1854. 3. Helix penolensis, Cox, Proc. Z.S. 1867. Penola, South Australia. 4. Helix albumenoidea, Cox, Mon. Aust. Land Shells 1868. Flinders’ Range. 5. Helix Murrayana, 7/7, Proc. Z.S. 1863. Cliffs of the Lower Murray. 6. Helix Adelaidee, Pfr. Proc. Z.S., 1856. Near Adelaide. 7. Helix retepora, Cox, Proc. Z.S. 1867. Flinders’ Range. 8. Helix Morti, Cox, Cat. Aust. Shells 1864. we. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. n25 9. Helix cyrtopleura, Pfr, Journ. de Conchyl. 1862. Plains near Lake Torrens. to. Helix Phillipsiana, Azgas, Proc. Z.S. 1873. Near Arrowie, interior of South Australia. 11. Helix Eyrei, Angas, Proc. Z.S. 1876. Near Lake Eyre. 12. Helix Howardi, Axgas, Proc. Z.S. 1876. Near Arrowie, 450 miles north of Adelaide. 13. Helix Silveri, Axzgas, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1868. Eastern Plains. 14. Helix perinflata, ?/-. Proc. Z.S. 1863. Mc. Donnell Ranges. = pachystylotdes, Cox Monograph 1868. 15. Helix patruelis, A. Ad. & Ang. P.Z.S. 1863. Port Lincoln. 16. Helix Angasiana, 72/7, Journal de Conchyl. 1862. Arrowle, near Lake Torrens. 17. Helix Flindersi, A. Ad. & Ang. P.Z.S. 1863. = bitentata Cox Monograph 1868. 18. Helix cassandra, P/, P.Z.S. 1863. Cliffs of the Lower Murray. 19. Helix Evandaleana, P/, P.Z.S. 1863. Evandale, North Rhine, and Barrier Ranges. 20. Helix Lincolnensis, ?/, P.Z.S. 1863. Port Lincoln. 21. Helix Lorioliana, Cvosse, Journ. de Conchyl. 1863. Western slopes of Flinders’ Range. a2. Helix luteo-fusca, Cox, Monograph 1868. Flinders’ Range. 23. Helix Broughami, Angas, P.Z.S. 1875. Port Lincoln. 24. Helix brevipila, 2, P.Z.S. 1849. 25. Helix Stutchburyi, P/%, P.Z,S. 1856. Scrubs near Port Elliott. 26. Helix confusa, P77, P.Z.S. 1855. 27. Helix Bednalli, Brazzer, P.Z.S. 1871. Hills near Adelaide. I consider this shell to be merely a thin variety of H. Grayi. Pir. 28. Helix juloidea, Forbes, Voy. Rattlesnake. 1851. Rapid Bay. 136 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW WARGINELLA. By F. P. MARKAT: Margineila Tyermani, n. s. Marg. testa subfusiformt-ovata, cinereo-alba, liners nigris conspicuts equidistantibus undique cingulata, spira brevi, anfractibus superne obtuse angulatis, ad angulum plicato- nodulatus, columella quad- riplicata, labro late tncrassato, tntus denticilato. Var. With the lip smooth inside. The Corisco specimen. Found in company with JZ. del/iz, Sow., and is about the size of M. festiva, Kien. ffab. 1 Corisco Bay, 1 near Cape Palmas, West Africa. Coll. Keen, Liverpool. Marginella perla, n. s. Marg. testa tumido-cylindracea, nitente, flavescente-alba, sub-vitrea, spira subexserta, labro-subfiexuosa, columella biplicata. An inflated semitransparent shell with only two folds on the columella. Allied to AZ. trzplicata, Gask., but four times the size of that shell, more glassy, inflated and has a much wider aperture. Flab ? Marginella preecallosa, Higgins. Marg. testa cylindraceo-oblonga, cinereo-alba, grisea lineart-strigata, Jascits duabus distantibus, spira parva, anfractibus superne tumidt- uscults, columella valdeexpansecallosa, guingue-plicata, labro valde calloso-refiexo, intus flexuose plicato. Long. 25 mill. Diam. r2 mill. A fine bold shell with the callous expanded in front and the inner edge of the outer lip, sinuously plicate. In the collection of the Rev. H. H. Higgins, Rainhill. Hab ? Marginella Warrenil, n. s. Marg. testa fustformi-oblonga, lutescente lactea, fascits duabus aurantio-fuscis latiusculis cingulata, spira producta, subobtusa conica, apice obtuso ; labro subflexuoso ; columella quadriplicata Corea - Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 027 Collected by Capt. Cawne Warren, in lat. 50° 23’ 5” N. and long.64° 0’ 4” W. and presented by him to the Free Public Museum Liverpool. Long. 20 mill, Diam. 8. A giant (Volvarina.) This is a large form ofa type already well known, such as M. gracilis, C. B. Ad.,= MM. bibalteata, Reeve, pl. 20, fig. 99, and M. suavis, Sow., Journ. de Conch., Vol. 8., p. 126., pl. 2., fig. 13. Marginella callosa, n. s. Mars. testa oblongo-ovata, superne tumida, callosa, albida aut ” spadicea, pallide fasciata, crassa, nitente, spirabrevi valde callosa, columella quadriplicata, ad basin tumida, columella et apertura incrassata, fauce alba. Hab. Red Sea. I only know of four specimens of this shell, three in Mr. Keen’s collection and one in mine. It somewhat resembles the Ova micans, Solander, having a thick callous spire. The Marginella phrygia, Sow., and M. calculus, Redf. M. calculus, Redt., M. guttata, Swainson,* JAZ. maculosa, Reeve as per Kiener, and probably the J7. phrygia, Reeve. Reeve says in alluding to this last named shell:—-Allied to the M. maculosa of the West Indies. This shell is allied to the JZ. interrupto-lineata, Megerle, = MM. interrupta, Lam. M. obesa, Redf, MM. similis, Sowerby, and M. imbricata, Hinds. M. phrygia, Sow., isa very different shell, allied to the AZ. /7 wmen- tum, Sow., MZ. sagittata, Hinds, and AZ. catenata, Montg. The markings are similar; in one of the varieties of JZ. calculus, the rings are like the rings in JZ. phrygia; thus confusion has arisen. The AZ, maculosa, Kiener, is the JZ. muralis, Hinds, as pointed out by Petit, Journ. de Conch., 1851, p. 55, and since by Redfield. “This name is pre-occupied by Dillwyn. 138 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. LAND SHELLS OF THE ISLES OF SCILLY. - By W. H. HATCHER. Iwas able, in the summer of 1875, tocarry out alongcherished wish, and to make a visit to the Isles of Scilly. My own special ‘hobby’ is the collection of Land shells ; but I almost fear that I shall be set down by enthusiastic conchologists, as unworthy of a place in their confraternity, when I confess that I found in Scilly so much to please and interest me, that my week in the Islands passed with- out my giving any great attention to the shells. A collection of the Island-shells (Land and Fresh-water) kept at Tresco Abbey is made up of the following species :— Spherium corneum, L777. ; Helix rufescens, Pennant ; Planorbis vortex, Zz. ; » «revelata, #27, 5 Limneza peregra, Dra. ; 5» sericea, Drap. ; Vitrina pellucida, AZw/ler ; », pulchella, A7Zu/ler ; Succinea putris, Dra. ; », rotundata, Auller ,; Zonites alliarius, A7z/ler; Bulimus acutus, JZz/er ; Helix aspersa, AZu/ler ; Cochlicopa lubrica, Azer ; 5 nemoralis, Liv. ; Balea perversa, Zinn. ; » virgata, Da Costa ,; Pupa umbilicata, Drap.; Of these eighteen species I found twelve with little trouble, and Lalso found Zonztes Cellarius, Muller (and I think w7¢zdulus, Drap.?), not named in the Tresco collection. And I believe that a concholo- gist who published his list of ‘findings’ some two or three years ago, in the Penzance Natural History Magazine, gave a notably longer list than t he above, though I cannot at present refer to this list. I had thought it probable that the Land-shells of Scilly would present marked peculiarities. For the time which must have pass- ed since these islands were separated from the mainland must be very long, and during this time the island-shells have been conti nually under very marked and ve1y uniform conditions of exist. ance, while it is probable that few specimens find their way across from the mainland, so as to introduce a means of modifying the insular individuals. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 139 I was then surprised to find scarcely any difference between the island and mainland species. Generally the Scillonian shells are somewhat thinner and more fragile than those on the mainland, probably because the islands (being composed wholly of granite ) may be wanting in lime. A. Asfersa was smaller than our usual shells and Limnaea Peregra was of the small variety “ Maritima” found near the sea-coast. A. Sericea was plentiful and larger than specimens which I have from the mainland. But the other shells did not differ (so far as I saw) from the corresponding mainland specimens. It still appears singular to me that such a peculiar situation, with so little chance of crossing with individuals modifi- ed by different conditions, should have had almost no visible effect on the Scillonian land-mollusks. But on the other hand it must not be forgotten that our British land-shells seem to be generally of species which can bear great variations of climate, &c., or we should not find our living individuals so little altered from the semi- fossilized specimens which are found in the Brick-earth. The Cave- Lion, Mammoth, Rhinoceros, Reindeer, &c., living in the British Islands when the Brick-earth was deposited, have all died out ; but the changes which proved fatal to their contmuance have scarcely modified the land shells. The tenacity of form I had clearly undervalued when I expected to find in the Scillonian specimens of our British land-shells marked effects of their isolated situation. 9 OH A White variety of Limnza palustris taken at South- port.—Whilst collecting shells at Southport on July 25th. 1876, I found a good quantity of Physa hypnorum and Limnea palustris and amongst the latter I was so fortunate as to take a pure white variety, though all the others (of which I got some dozens). were of the usual color. This mustbe very rare, as I have never seen it before, andthe only mention Ican find of it isin No. 2 of the Q.J.C. —EDWARD COLLIER. 140 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Mollusca of Kerguelen’s Island.—By W. H. Dall.— Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 1876; No. 3, pp. 42—48. An interesting account of the Mollusca obtained in Kerguelen Island by J. H. Kidder, M.D., Naturalist to the American “Transit of Venus” Expedition. Fourteen species were obtained, of which the following are characterized as new, two new genera being estab lished for their reception:— Hemiarthrum seéwlosum, (Cpr. MS.) Dall. Kidderia mnuta, Dall. Lepton parasiticum, Dall. Octopus ? The beaks of an Octopus were obtained from the stomachs of Sea-birds. The genus Lavonia, established by Mr. Smith, is modified by Mr. DalltoEatoniella, Zatonza being already used todesignate a genus of Brachiopods. Extoniella Kerguzlensts, Smith. Dr. Kidder’s specimens obtained at low water mark on Fuci, vary greatly from the diagnosis of Mr. Smith, and if found cn comparison to be distinct, the au- thor proposes they should be called Latonzella inflata. Eatontella Smithit, Dall = E. caliginosa,Smith. Thenamecaliginosa being pre-occupied by Gould for a Fuegian species. Purpura striata, Martyn. A common New Zealand species. Patinella Magellanica, Gmel. Dead specimens; found also at Straits of Magellan. Patella ? Delessertii, Philippi. One specimen, dead ; found also at Straits of Magellan. A new genus, Hemiarthrum (Cpr. MS. ), of Chz/onid@ is establish- ed foran undescribed species, and characterizedas follows :— Valve terminales laminate, haud articulate, lamine laterales Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 141 obsolete ; Zona lanuginosa, portfera , branchie postice. Hemtiarthrum setulosum, Cpr. On stones at low water. This shell externally resembles some of the coarse, ill-defined Acantho- chitons. It forms a transition between an/eza and the articu- late Chitons. Helix (Hyalina) Hookeri, Pfr. “Gregarious about and under stones, Occasionally the shell appears to be partly membranous, and in drying, from this cause, the spire is frequently abnormally flattened.” Siphonaria tristensis, Sow. Abundant between tide-marks, also found at Tristan d’Acunha, and Orange Harbour, Patagonia. Lasea rubra, Mont. Rather larger than most northern specimens. Lepton parasiticum, Dall. Abundant in the channels leading to the oral aperture of an Eehinus ( Tripylus ) where it appears to lead a parasitic or commensal existence. The shell is of extreme tenuity and must almost entirely have been enveloped by the soft parts. The dentition resembles the other species of the genus. A new genus, Kidderia, of Aodiolarcide is established for a spe- cies found by Dr. Kidder. It differs from Modiolarca in its single anterior muscular scar, the presence of strong nymphee for the subinternal ligament, and in the full development of the cardinal teeth. Modtolarca pusilla, Gould, from Tierra del Fuego, appears to belong to this group. Kidderia minuta, Dall. This minute species was found attached to the byssus of Mytilus canaliculus. It hasalso been obtained by Mr. Dall from Orange Harbour, Patagonia. Mytilus Magellanicus, Chemn. Found also in New Zealand, and at the Straits of Magellan. Mytilus canaliculus, Hanley. The shell of this speciesclosely resem- bles some of the varieties of AZ. edulis, but the soft parts are quite different. Inhabits also Chili and New Zealand. Mr. Dall is now engaged in examining the large collection of Shells from New Zealand, Tasmania, Aucklandand Chatham Islands made by Dr. Kershner, the results of which will we hope be shortly published. 142 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. “Descriptions of 4 New species of Helix; with some notes on Helix Angasiana of Pfeiffer.,—By George French Angas, #1:5.; CM.Z/S, - FIRIGS., &c. P. Z. S., Feb 15th, 1876, pp. 264—268. Felix beatrix (pl. XX. figs. 1—5.). Solomon Archipelago. This shell, like e/¢x meta, Pfr. is very variable in color, five varieties being enumerated, ranging from pellucid white to dark purplish chocolate or rich orange. It may be readily separated from Flelix meta by its smaller size, more convex whorls, and rounder aperture, in which the subflexuous outer lip and diagonal form of Helix meta ave wanting. The outer lip is also much less expanded and reflected, the texture less glossy and shining. Felix Ramsdent (pl. XX, figs. 6, 7.). Solomon Archipelago. Some- what allied to Helix Boivin, Petit, (A. subrepta, Quoy,) but the whorls are more rounded, the last whorl smaller, and the shell generally more conical. The peculiar white spots on the central black band remind one ofsimilar markings in H, ambrosia, Angas. The scarlet outer lip so constant in dozvint is entire- ly absent in the present species, and the shell is of a bluish white color. Helix Moresbyt (pl. XX, figs. 8, 9.). Port Denison, Northern Queens- land. Approaches most nearly Helzx Vulez, Forbes, but is larger, much more conical, with the base of the whorl peculi- arly flattened. Helix rhoda(pl. XX, figs. to—12). San Christoval, Solomon Archipel- ago. ‘This species belongs the Zrochomorpha group, its nearest ally being Helix mersiana, Pfr. Felix Angasiana, Pfr. (not Newcomb). Originally described in 1862 by Dr. Pfeiffer in the ‘‘Journal de Conchyliologie” from a dead and bleached specimen sent to him by Mr. Angas, from the neighborhood of Lake Torrens, South Australia. On obtain- ing living and unbleached specimens, the amended description was publishedinthesamejournalby Mr Angasin 1863. Dr.Cox of Sydney, however, still regards Pfeiffer’s original description “Solid,white and porcellanous” asthe normal state of H. Angasza- naand gives H. Angasiana not Pfeiffer, referring tothe amended Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 143 description by Mr. Angas) as synonymous with ézfeniata, Cox. Felix biteniata, Cox, (1868), must be placed in the syn- onymy of Helix Flinderst, A. Ad. & Ang., (P.Z.S 1863). Helix Angasiana, Newcomb, must stand as Hel¢x bougain- villet, Pfr. Notes on certain Terrestrial Mollusks, with descrip- tions of New Species.—By Thomas Bland. Reprinted from the Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist., New York, vol. xi, February, 1874, pp. 72—87. This highly interesting paper, of which we give a full abstract below, enumerates 28 species, giving under each very new and valuable information on their synonymy, habitat, dentition, classi- fication, &c. Five new species are described, viz.:— Zonites Lansingt, Bland. Zonites Stearnsit, Bland. LTelix (Plagioptycha) Sargenti, Bland. Macroceramus Swifti, Bland. Macroceramus Klatteanus, Bland. Oleacina flexuosa, Pfr. An examination of the collection of the late Robt. Swift, reveals the habitat of this species, which was pre- viously unknown, to be Aux Cayes ; it is the only W. Indian species, nearly allied to the large Mexican forms. Macrocyclis euspira, Pfr. This Venezuelan species is placed by Von Martens in Ammonoceras, a subgenus of Hyalina. Its lingual membrane is that of Macrocyclts, differing only from the North American species in having all the teeth purely aculeate. The central tooth is of the true Glandina type, differing in this res- pect from the North American species of the genus. The smooth anterior surface and decided median projec- tion to the cutting margin of the jaw, combined with the form and arrangement of the teeth, and absence of true laterals, warrants its place in AM/acrocyclis. 144 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Macrocyclis Baudoni, Petit. The jaw and dentition place this species in AMacrocyclis. Macrocyclis concolor, Fer. Probably synonymous with the last. They are placed by Von Martens in AZérchia, (subgenus of FHlyalina). Shuttleworth avers that JZ. concolor is viviparous. Macrocycis is essentially an American genus, four species being found on the Pacific slope of North America and one on the Eastern slope. JZ concolor is from Puerto Rico, J Baudoni from Guadaloupe and Dominica, J/. euspira from Venezuela and A. paucispira, Poey, which Mr. Bland thinks will prove to be a AZacrocyclis, is from Cuba. Zonites Lansingii, Bland. Astoria, Oregon. Its upper aspect is very like Zonites multidentatus. This species is the only mollusk known with zonitiform shell and aculeate marginal teeth and having a decidedly ribbed jaw. It cannot satisfactorily be referred to any described genus. It is dedicated to Mr. A. Ten Eyck Lansing of Burlington, N.J., and was discovered by the indefatigable Mr. H. Hemphill of Oakland. Zonites Stearnsit? Bland. Among specimens sent by Mr. Stearns for examination is a single specimen of a shell from Astoria, Oregon, allied to Z Lansingzz. It is larger, more elevated, and more distinctly striated, has seven whorls, with a wider and rounder aperture, and is deficient of lamella within the outer margin of the peristome. Having only a single speci- men Mr. Bland delays a formal description. Zonttes indentatus, Say. Pfeiffer gives St. Domingo as an habitat of this species. Dr. Cleve found specimens in Puerto Rico, which, except being darker colored, are scarcely distinguishable from American specimens. Flyalina Bermudensis, Pfr. The dentition of this species places it according to the observations of Bland and Binney amongst: Vitrinea, and not amongst the Helicacea as in Von Martens arrangement. Mr. Bland proposes the name of Hyalina Nelsoni for a subfossil form found in caverns at Tucker’s Town, Bermuda, in ho- « nor of Lieut. Nelson, author of valuable Geological Memoirs Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 145 on Bermuda and Bahama. It is nearly allied to H. Bermu- densis, but is much larger. Guesteria Powistana, Pfr. Mr. Bland found a specimen in 1851 of this species near Marmato, at 5000 ft. elevation on the Western Cordillera of the Andes. Simpulopsis Dominicensis, Pfr. The “Vitrina’”’ mentioned by Pfeiffer as from Haiti is probably a young shell of this species. felix bracteola, Fer. Identical with HZ. vortex, Pfr. Flelix Sargent, Bld. Little Inagua, Bahamas. It is similar in form to H. Duclosiana, Fer., but the interior projecting tooth and basal marginal callus are wanting. It belongs to the sub- genus FPlagioptycha, which is peculiarly characteristic of the Haitian fauna, and is additional evidence of the former more intimate connection of Inagua and Turks’ Island with Haiti. The species is dedicated to Mr. Daniel Sargent of Inagua. felix Marginella, Gmel. This species occurs in Viéque and Culabre as well as in Puerto Rico. In some specimens from Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, the dark band almost covers the up-_ per whorls, leaving only a narrow lighter colored line next the sutures ; the dark band equally wide at the base. ffelix Gaskoint, Pfr. St. Domingo. Probably a variety of H 62 zonalts, Desh. Felix bizonaits, Desh. The habitat, apparently unknown by Deshayes, is erroneously given in Chemnitz as Manilla, but the correct locality is Haiti. Deshayes places H. Marginata, Fer., inthe synonymy. The occurrence of the nearly allied forms of HT. Sagemon in Cuba, #7. bizonalis in Haiti, and A. Marginella in Puerto Rico isinteresting. The faunal connection of Haiti and Puerto Rico is shown by the prevalence of forms closely related to H. caracolla ; and H. Audebardi of Haiti is nearly alli- ed to A. Luquillensis of Puerto Rico. *H. bézonalis is placed by Von Martens (Albers, ed. 2) in the subgenus Odda, while H. Sagemon and H. Marginella are in Caracolus. Flelix platystyla, Pfr. Pfeiffer doubtfully gives the locality as “Moluccas ;” andplaces it next conspersula, Pfr. and H. fusco- cincta, C. B. Ad., of Jamaica, to which it is very closely allied. 146 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. A specimen from Jamaica in Mr. Bland’s cabinet and others in the Chitty collection, labelled “7. fusco-cincta, var., agree - closely with Pfeiffer’s description and Reeve’s figure. platystyla belongs to Jamaica as well as H. conspersula and FT, fusco-cincta. Cylindrella gracilicollis, Fer. Previously erroneously attributed to St. Thomas—Mrs. Wm. Klatte has found this species at Port au Prince, Haiti. On the axis are 2 revolving lamin, pos- sessed also by C. Salleana and C. Hjalmarsont;no strictly Jamaican species has this peculiarity. Macroceramus Swiftt, Bland, n. sp. Turk’s Island and Inagua, Bahamas. Dedicated to Mr. Robt. Swift. Closely allied to M. Hermanni, Pfr., of Haiti, but less distinctly costulated, suture not crenulated, and with thicker peristome. Macroceramus Klatteanus, Bland, n. sp. Port au Prince, Haiti. Allied in form and ornamentation to AZ. tenuiplicatus, Pfr., but is much smaller, is costate, and has a differently formed aper- ture. Dedicated to Mrs. Wm. Klatte. ; Bilimulus stramineus, Gldg. Occurs at the Island of Mustique, one of the Grenadines, as well as at St. Vincent’s. The com- monest form is of an uniform bright yellow; some specimens have a purple apex and others several narrow reddish-brown bands. Bulimulus stramineus, Richard. In the Swift cabinet are shells under this name received from M. Sallé and said to be from St. Domingo. Mr. Blandcan nowhere find mention of such a species. It is very like and may be a variety of B. iliaceus, Fér., of Puerto Rico. The two upper whorls have a pale yellowish tinge, the apex rather darker. Stenogyra Dominicensis, Pfr. Described in 1850 by Pfeiffer as a Balea and again in 6856 as Bulimus hasta. Shuttleworth in 1854 referred it to Stenogyra, which is confirmed by the char- acter of its jaw and dentition. Mr. Bland states that the spe- cies is viviparous. Strophia calcarea, Pfr. Collected by D. Sargent on Little Inagua, the habitat being previously unknown. The parietal tooth is Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 147 not mentioned in Pfeiffer’s description. Strophia tostoma, Pfr. Mr. Sargent found very large specimens at Great Inagua. Choanopoma occidentale, Pfr. Referred by Pfeiffer to Martinique, but according to M. Mazé does not occur there. Dr. V. Rijgersma found it several years ago in the Island of St. Martin. Felix Ammonoceras, Pfr. Discovered in 1851 in New Granada by Mr. Bland ; since found in the Island of Grenada, W. I. Felix Hubbardi, A. D. Brown. Found originally in Texas by Mr. Hubbard and described by Brown. It was subsequently discovered in Jamaica and described by C. P. Gloyne as Ffelix Vendryesiana. Dr. Newcomb has found it in Georgia. It is allied to & dabyrinthica, Say, and not to HZ paludosa. The distribution of H. Hubbard? is curious, but HZ. Stredelr, Pfr., which is perhaps identical with /abyrinthica, belongs to the Mexican fauna. felicina nemoralis, Guppy, from Trinidad, is scarcely distinct from FT. columbiana, Phil., of Venezuela. Auricula pellucens, Menké. Afew dead specimens were found at the edge of a Mangrove swamp on a small Island on the West Coast of Florida, in company with a profusion of Melampus bidentatus and M. coniformis. A. pellucens is referred to Demerara, and Ellobium Ceylanicum, H. & A. Ad., placed in its synonymy by Pfeiffer, to Ceylon. Stimpson refers to the pres- ent tropical character of the shells of the West Coast of Florida as due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. > + oo Remarks on the Variation in Form of the Strep- omatidz with Descriptions of New Species.—By A. G. Wetherby.—Proc. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Dec. 7, 1875, Vol. L., pp. 1—12, with plate. The author, in company with Prof. Harper, has collected these Shells extensively at their head-quarters in many parts of Kentucky and Tennessee. The great and unusual facilities they possessed enabled reliable observations to be made on the habits "148 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. of the various species and the effects of any peculiar conditions carefully noted. In studying the variation of the fluviatile mollusca, attention should be given to the fact of their growth being effected in a chang- ing, moving medium, and under different conditions to land shells. The Strepomatide inhabit by preference rapidly flowing streams in mountainous districts, adhering to rocks, exposed to the ~ full action of the current, with its varying impetus, and in time of floods carrying with it particles of sand, gravel, &c., the effect of which is often to loosen the shells from their moorings and also to remove by attrition the confervee growing on the rocks, which con- stitutes their food, subjecting them to a greater or lesser degree of privation. The periodical growth of the shell renders them more liable to the modifying effect of these causes, as the lips are tender and very fragile during the larger part of the summer months. The relation of sex and form and the effect of chemical influences are questions as yet imperfectly understood. Dr. James Lewis, of Mchawk, whose name is so honorably associated with the Strepomatide, ascribes their advent to the Carboniferous epoch, and Mr. Wetherby by a study of the veget- able and other organisms of that remote period infers the nature of the habits of their ancestral forms and conjectures them to have their analogues in the subtropical families of Vivzpara, Weritina, Melania, Cerithidea, &c., and that the Strepomatide may have been evolved from these species by the operation of natural causes. The author suggests the modern alliances of the tropical Ampullaride and Melantho, Neritina and Anculosa, Cerithidea and Zrypanostoma. If the suggestion of Dr. Lewis be a just one, that shells are propagated down stream, then the origin of these shells or their ancestral types, if still existing, will be found at the upper part of the drainage and that least affected by change of level. Mr. Wetherby concludes this highly interesting paper by des- criptions of the following five new species:— Lithasia plicata, Wetherby. Green River, Tenn. (PI. II, fig. 1.) Quarterly Journal of Conchology. T49 Angitrema parva, Wetherby. Stone River, Tenn. (Pl. I, fig. 2); Angitrema angulata, Wetherby. Stone River, Tenn. (PI. I, fig. 5); Goniobasis plicato-striata, Wetherby. Stone River, Mill Creek and Sinking Creek, Tenn. (PI. I, fig. 3); Anculosa umbilicata, Wetherby. Stone River, Tenn. (PI.I, fig. 4). $< > 23+ a—<_____—__ North Sea Dredging.—By John Leckenby, F.L.S., F.G.S., and J. T. Marshall.—Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec. 1875, series IV, vol. xvi, pp. 390—4. A lengthy list of species and varieties, the result of three dredging cruises to the Dogger bank. All the species enumerated were obtained between 20 and go miles ffom land, and at depths of from 7 to 50 fathoms. Fifty-seven species and twenty-one var- jeties of bivalves, and 63 species and 28 varieties of univalves are recorded as having been obtained. Two varieties are described-as new by Mr. Marshall, viz:— Nucula nitida, var. turgida.—‘Shell more triangular, and beaks more swollen. Corresponding with the deep water varieties of WV. nucleus and J. cenuzis. Natica catena, var. Leckenbyi.—‘‘Shell brown, without any colored markings. It resembles V. sovdida, but is thinner and more globose. Searles Wood’s \. catena from the Coralline Crag is similar to this. Obtained in ro fathoms.” From a mass of /ilograna complexa, an Arca was obtained, which Dr. Jeffreys refers to Avca imbricata, Poli, though from the absence of the notched inside margin, Mr. Leckenby thinks they may with more propriety be.referred to Arca nodulosa, Miill. The animal of Watica Grenlandica, Beck, is described from specimens found in company with Sca/aria Trevelyana, Leach. The occurrence of the four varieties of Astarte sulcata, Da Costa (paucicostata, minor, incrassata, and multicostata ) is interest- ing, as they have been previously recorded from the Shetland Seas only. Trochus occidentalis, Mighels, and Zectura testudinalis, Miill., are also noted, the nearest recorded locality of the former being 150 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Aberdeenshire and of the latter Hartlepool. These species, there- fore, also seem to be migrating southwards. In addition to the species enumerated above, the following . are new to the district:— Thracia papyracea, var. gracilis. Neera cuspidata, Olivi. Dentalium entalis, var. infundibulum. Turritella terebra, var. nivea. LNatica Montacuti, var. albula. Fusus antiquus, var. alba. Frusus antiguus, monst. cinctum. LPleurotoma nebula, var. elongata. Pleurotoma turricula, var. rosea, Lovén. Acteon tornatilis, var. subulata, S. Wood. Acteon tornatilis, var. tenella, Lovén. A list of 8 species is appended, dredged off Scarborough by Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys last May, during a short cruise in H.M.S- » Porcupine”, viz.— Leda minuta var. brevirostris. Tellina balthica, L. Tellina calcarea, Chem. Tellina tenuis, Da Costa. Thracia convexa, W. Wood. Panopea plicata, Mont. Cerithium reticulatum, Da Costa. Defrancia teres, Forbes. SSS SSE SS Description of a new species of Carinifex from California.—By Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. P.Z.S., 1875, p. 536, with woodcut. Carinifex Ponsonbii, Smith. This remarkable species of Planorbis was collected in California by Lord Walsingham. It is most nearly allied to C. Mewdberryz, Lea, from which it differs in Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 151 its thinner and lighter build, and in the more rapid increase ofits whorls. In C. Mewderrye the upper surface of the whorls is broadly flattened, and then acutely keeled and angulated, whereas in the present species they are rather convex, lack the carination, and show but a faint approach to an angulation and this is situated near the wfpfer and not the Jower suture ; C. Newberry? is much more coarsely striated and clothed with a strong yellowish olive epidermis, and the mouth descends a trifle on the body-whorl, In the new species the mouth ascends and the epidermis is of a very pale olive and very thin. On each side of the rounded keel encircling the umbilicus there is a shallow depression. Remarks on the genus Alaba, with the description of a new species.—By Edgar A. Smith, F.Z.S. P.Z.S., 1875, pp. 537—540, with woodcut of the new species (Diala Letthit, Smith). From California. D. Leithit differs from D. picta in the columella being more ar- cuate, and the aperture more acuminately effuse at the base. The animal has the tentacles of equal (not unequal ) length, the foot not auriculate, and is devoid of the four long tentacular filaments attached to the operculigerous lobe ; the bases may eventually form a distinct subgenus. The genus A/ada was first characterized by H. & A. Adams as a subgenus of Cerzthzopsis. Subsequently it was raised to the rank of a seperate genus and placed in the subfamily Zétiopzne by A. Adams. In the generic diagnosis it is described as “anfractibus plicatis seu varicosts, vertice submammillato. Apertura ovata, labio sepe vix truncato.” The operculum is not mentioned. Of the enumerated species, A. picta, A. cornea, A. felina, A. inflata, and A. phasianella have the whorls smooth and not plicate or varicose, the labium in A, picta only showing the faintest approach to truncation, the col- umella in the remaining species being rather straight, generally 152 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. blending with the labrum, which is slightly effuse at the base. The generic characters not being applicable to all the species, Mr. Smith proposes that ‘‘ those species with the whorls strength- ened with varices (generally tumid) and the columella more or less truncated (for this character is variable) shall constitute the genus Alaba proper; while those devoid of varices and wanting the col- umella truncation may form the subgenus Déa/a.” The subgenus Styliferina, A. Adams, is closely associated with the preceding ~ group, the chief difference being in the apex “‘vertice mucronata.” Mr. Smith considers that Dzala rujilabris, A. Adams, should be placed in the genus A/ydvobia, differing from Dza/a in the contin- uous peristome, very much thickened everywhere, and the oblique aperture and columella. Dr. Leith, with whose name the species D. Zez¢hzz is associated, has supplied Mr. Smith with the following notes on the living animal—‘“‘ Lip somewhat proboscidiform, not used in progression and not usually projecting beyond the edge of the foot. TENTACLEs, two, long, subulate or filiform, bearing the eyes on their outer side near the base. Foor, much expanded in front and rounded, grad- ually attenuated posteriorly and caudated. ReEpraTion not by alternate movements of right and left sides, but by an uniform un- dulating, progressive motion of the foot. It moved also in an in- verted position along the surface of the water, as Planorbis and Lymnea do.” oe Description of new land and freshwater Shells from India.—By Sylvanus Hanley, F.L.S. P.Z.S., 1875, pp. 605—7. Cyclophorus ophis, Hanl. Tenasserim. Ampullaria Theobaldi, Hani. Bhamao, Birmah. Achatina (Glessula) senator, Hanl. Cottyam Hills. A. (G.) isis, Hanl. “‘ Hab. Indiam meridionalem.” Unio vulcanus, Hanl, ‘Hab. Birmah, vel Pegu.” | | Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 153 List of land and freshwater Shells coilected by Vir. Osbert Salvin in Guatemala in !873-4.—By Dr. E. von Martens, C.M.Z.S. P.Z.S. 1875, part iv, pp. 647—9. A list of thirty-two species is given; one of them being new, 1s characterized under the name of Medicina anozona, “Hab. Vicinity of Coban, Central America. H1. anozona, Martens, is allied to H. fulva, D’Orb., from Bolivia, and to A. rotunda, D’Orb., from the West Indies ; the first is flatter, larger and differently colored, the latter has no spiral sculpture and a much thinner peristome. — eres On the Generic Peculiarities of the distinctively Madeiran Achatinz of Lowe.—By Rev. R. Boog Watson, BRS: Bs EGS. P.Z.S. 1875, part iv, pp. 677—-80, with woodcuts. A new genus Lovea is established and its differences from Achatina characterized as follows:—‘‘The mantle extends beyond the edge of the aperture all round, it is thinly spread over the out- side of the shell, and extends like a tongue backwards behind the posterior corner of the aperture. The tail carries a mucous gland and is abruptly truncate. The genus thus bears to Achaténa the same relation that Arion does to Limax and Nanina to Heltx.” All the members of the genus have an highly polished shell, caused by the perpetual movement upon it of the overlapping mantle, especially of its posterior elongation, a movement also eminently characteristic of Vanina. The jaw is horny, light-brown, crescentic, with numerous small converging ridges, one of which forms a distinct median line The edge is not toothed, but forms a continuous curve. The 154 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. radula consists of numerous rows of multitudinous teeth, the central one minute, with a sharp central point, and a faint point on either side like a shoulder, and is attached to a strong flat basal plate, shaped like the crescentic cutting knife of a shoemaker; lateral teeth much larger, with a strongly developed centre point, and two broad sharp shoulders; they are attached to flat square basal plates and become rudimentary as they recede from the centre. The author suggests that the Achatina folliculus, Gron., may belong to the new genus, and redescribes and includes four of Lowe’s species, viz:— Lovea (Achatina) melampoides, Lowe. L. (A.) tornatellina, Lowe. L. (A.) triticea, Lowe. L. (A.) oryza, Lowe. — Descriptions of two new species of Marginellidee from the Cape Verd Islands.—By Edgar A. Smith.—Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept. 1875; Fourth Series, vol. xvi., pp. 200 74. (0) Fe The two new species, MJarginella (Volvarina) verdensis, Smith and MW. (V.) mediocincta, Smith, were obtained by the British Museum from Mr. P. Furse, of the Control Staff, who collected them whilst stationed at the Cape Verd Islands. Both belong to that section of AZarginella to which Hinds (P.Z.S. 1844) gave the name Volvarina, and which contains a group of species having short small spires, narrow linear apertures, the columella furnish- ed at the base with a few oblique folds, and the labrum exteriorly varicose. HOD ——___——_ New Solenella from South Patagonia.—“ Description of a new species of So/ene//a from South Patagonia.”——By Edgar A. Smith.—Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., August 1875, Fourth Series, vol. xvi, pp. 118—1I19. The species described is S. magellanica, Smith. Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 155 Grosses Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, von Martini und Chemnitz.—Neue reich vermehrte Ausgabe, in Verbindung mit Prof. Philippi. Dr. L. Pfeiffer, Dr. Dunker, u. A., herausgegeben von Dr. H. C. Kiister. Die Schnirkelschnecken, (Gaitung HELIX), In Abbildung- en nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen von Dr. L. PFEIFFER. Niirnberg, 1846. - (Martini and Chemnitz’s Great Systematic Conchological Work.—New and considerably augmented edition, published with the co-operation of Prof. Philippi, Dr. Pfeiffer, Dr. Dunker, &c., under the direction of Dr. H. C. Kiister. Genus HE rx, figured after nature, with descriptions by Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Nuremburg, 1846). This large and comprehensive work, which has been for a long series of years in course of publication at Nuremberg, and is still in progress, was up to the date of his lamented demise under the editorial supervision of the eminent German conchologist Dr. H. C. Kiister, with whom was associated in the preparation of the various monographs a number of equally distinguished collaborat- ors, such as Prof. Philippi of Cassel, Dr. Ludwig Pfeiffer of Cas- sel, Dr. Kobelt of Frankfort, Dr. Brot of Geneva, Dr. Edouard v. Martens of Berlin, Dr. Dunker, Dr. Roemer, Herr C. H. Wein- kauff of Kreuznach, and Herr S. Clessin. Up to the present time upwards of one hundred and twenty genera and subgenera, embracing nearly six thousand species, have been figured and described, including many of the most important groups, such as the /Ze/ices and their allies, the Cyclostomacea, the Lymneacea, the Trochide, the Unionide, the Conide, the Volutidae, the Zellinide, &c., &c. The portion of the work now before us—the first Volume in four parts, of the Genus /7e/zx—contains seventy two plates of colored figures and four hundred pages of descriptive matter, and is pre- pared by Dr. L. Pfeiffer, who describes and figures upwards of 156 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. four hundred species, giving under the head of each species, its synonymy, bibliographical references to its literature, its geograph- ical range and habitat, and the size usually attained. Furthermore the most remarkable variations are particularized and described, the volume being closed by a full alphabetical index to the species contained, the more widely known synonyms being included and italicized. —————— << ) Journal de Conchyliologie, Oct., 1875. FiscHER, P.—Note sur ’anatomie de l He/zx dictyodes, Pfeiff- er (Note on the anatomy of He/zx dictyodes), pp. 273—276. This New Caledonian species proves to be a true AHe/ix. The jaw is smooth, without median projection. The formula of the ‘lingual dentition is 36-1—36, the teeth are all tricuspid. The re- productive organs are those of the typical /Yedsces. Figs. 3—6 of Plate XIV. illustrate this paper. FiscHer, P.—Sur les Pellicula depressa, Rang, et appendiculata, Pfeiffer (On Pellicula depressa and appendiculata), pp. 276—277. These two species prove to be distinct, Dr. Fischer describes and figures the shell of P. appendiculata (P\. xiv. fig. 1),and of P. depressa (fig. 2), and describes the jaw and dentition of the latter species, those of the former having been described in the previous vol, p. 137. Both species are arboreal, and inhabit Guadeloupe. FiscHEerR, P.—Note sur le genre Cyl/ene de Gray (Note on Gray’s genus Cy//ene), pp. 278—280. Fourteen species were described in the monograph in Sower- by’s Thesaurus, to which two others described by M. Petit—C. Guillaint and Senegalensts—must be added. The true Cy//ene inhabit the coasts of tropical Africa, and the Quarterly Journal of Conchology. 157 East Indian Archipelago. Columbella bicanalifera, Sowb., Galapa- gos, considered by Petit tobe a Cy//ene, does not belong to that genus, no more than Buccinum granum, Lamarck, from the Med- iterranean, which is a WVassa and nota Cyllene. Nassa obliqua, Kiener, also referred by Petit to Cyl/ene, should remain in the genus /Vassa. ; MoreELET, A.—Des genres Erinna, Lithotis et Lantzia (Of the genera Zrinna, Lithotis and Lantzia). In 1872, M. Jousseaume described in the Revue Zoologique a small terrestrial mollusc from Réunion under the name of Lanfsia carinatas but in 1874 considered that the genus Zantzia = Erinna, H. & A. Adams. The shell of Zaztsia carinata is almost ide nti- cal with that of Zzthot?s rupicola, Blanford, from the Ghauts, but the animal appears different; that of Zz¢iotzs has no upper tentacles, whilst in Zazfzza there are two, flattened and triangular. MoreLet A.—Description d’un nouveau Bulime de Algérie (Description of a new Algerian Budimus).—p. 282. B. Semannet, Mor., from Djurjura, Kabylia. SOUVERBIE. Dr.—Descriptions d’espéces nouvelles de l’Archi- pel Calédonian (Descriptions of new species from the New Cale- donian Archipelago ).—pp. 282—297. Mitra Montrouziert, Souv. (Pl. xii. f. 1) I. Art; AZ swavis, S. (fig. 2), Lifou, Loyalty Ids; AZ Lamberti, S. (fig. 3), Lifou; Pleur- otoma (Cithara) onager, S. (fig. 4), Lifou; P. (C.) contformis, S. (fig. 5), Lifou; P. carinulata, S. (fig. 6), I. Art; Odostomia rufula, S. (fig. 7), Lifou; O. pupeformis, S. (Pyramidella pupeformis, S., Journ. de Conchyl. t. xiii, p. 152, pl. 5, fig. 4.). The shell figured in vol. xiii was of very irregular growth owing to the shell having been broken, and afterwards mended by the animal, causing the formation of a second abnomal fold. The diagnosis and figure should be corrected, and the species having only one fold should be 158 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. referred to Odostomia, not Pyramidella; Natica Gatdet, Souv. (PL xii, fig. 8, operculum); Zurbo naninus, Souv. (fig. 9), I. Art; Sud- emarginula Lamberti, Souv., (fig. 10), Lifou; Svbeulima (new genus) Lamberti, Souv., 1. Nou. SOUVERBIE. Dr.— Description dune espece nouvelle apparten- ant au genre Zurbinella ( Description of a new Zurbinella)—pp. 297 —2098. T. crosseana, Souv. Locality unknown. Bavay.—Note sur la respiration des Ampullaires (Note on the mode of breathing of Ampullarie), pp. 298—305. The author considers the aerial respiration as the principal, and gives various details as to the use of the syphon and other points. Crossr, H.— Description de Nudibranches inédits, provenant de la Nouvelle Calédonie, avec le Catalogue des espéces actuelle- ment connues (Description of new Nudibranchs from New Cale- donia, with Catalogue of the species known from that locality), pp. 305—322. Doris Marie, Cr. (Plea. fig.i1) 79D). Rossitert, Cr. (fig. 2) 5 a Fabret, Cr. (fig. 3) ; Gontodoris Montrousziert, Cr. (fig. 4); G. Ver- riert, Cr. (fig. 5); G. Lambertz, Cr. (fig. 6); G. Petitd, Cr. (fig. 7); G .Souverbiei, Cr. (fig. 8); Bornella Caledonica, Cr. (fig. 10); Placo- branchus Gasstest, Cr. (fig. 9). CrossrE, H.—Note sur les genres Bornella et Placobranchus accompagnée du Catalogue des especes actuellement connues (Note on Lornella and Placobranchus, with Catalogue of known species) pp. 322—328. The author enumerates eight species of the former and ten of the latter of those genera of tropical Nudibranchs. Quarterly Journal of Concholegy. 159 CrossE, H.— Diagnosis Planorbis novi Antillarum incolee (Diagnosis of a new West Indian Plano bis), p. 329. P. Bavayi, Cr., from Guadeloupe. Near P. cémex, Moricand. Paleontology, pp. 329—335. -CrossE. H. —La Malacologie 4 l’ Exposition du Congrés in- ternational des sciences géographiques ( Malacology at the Exhibi- tion of the International Geographical Congress ).—pp. 336—338. The principal objects exhibited, bearing on Malacology were :— M. Velains, collections at the Islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam, made during the Transit of Venus expedition Land and freshwater shells of New Caledonia exhibited by M. Gassies (2nd class medal). Maps of the geographical distribution of marine Mollusca on the S.W. coast of France (2nd class medal) exhibited by M. Fischer. Zoological plates, four containing illustrations of Helices, belong- ing to M. Grandidier’s great work on Madagascar, and a series of microscopical shells exhibited by M. de Folin. M. Crosse blames several points in the arrangement of the ex- hibition, M. Gassies’ shells for instance having been placed at the end of the Tuileries Garden, amongst a lot of jams, pickles, etc ! Bibliography, pp. 338—-359. News, pp. 359:—360. M. Crosse mentions that Dr. Gundlach has left Cuba, finding it impossible to continue his scientific ex- plorations in consequence of the civil war which has been going on for the last six years, and that he is now exploring Porto Rico. SS oe 160 Quarterly Journal of Conchology. Journal de Conchyliologie, January 1876. Crosse, H.—Monographie du Genre Rhodea (Monograph of the Genus Rhodea), pp. 5—24. This section was founded by Messrs. H. & A. Adams in 1858 for Achatina Californica, Pfr., and considered as a subgenus of Columna. In 1873, M. Mousson described a second species, #. gigantea, from New Granada, and raised the section into a genus, a view now generally adopted. With regard to the place of the genus in the classification of the Helitide, various opinions have existed. ee As we have seen, Messrs. Adams considered that the Rhodee were intimately allied to the Co/uwmne; but both by their forms and by their being ovoviviparous, whilst the Co/wmne@ are viviparous they are quite different, and this is confirmed by the geographical distribution of the two genera. Columna is a West African genus, is in fact merely a somewhat abnormally developed and elongated Achatina, whilst Rhodea is exclusively South American. Dr. Kobelt places Rhodea next to Megaspira, also an exclusively South American genus and extremely elongated. M. Crosse thinks that the genus we are considering should be placed next to Stenogyra. The first whorls are almost exactly the same as those of .S. octona, L., and M. Mousson, who has examined almost embryonic specimens of &. gigantea, compares them with Leptinarie minus the parietal lamella, and Leptinarva and Stenogyra belong to the same family. [As M. Crosse remarks, the study of the animal can alone definit- ively fix the position of the genus, but whilst admitting with the au- thor that there are many points of resemblance between Rhodea and Stenogyra we cannot help also seeing an analogy with AZegaspira. In our collection we have arranged the genera as follows, Steno- gyra, Spiraxis (s. stricto), khodea, Megaspira, Balia. Clausilia. This seems to us to reconcile both views—hodea being in fact Klister, Dr. Argonauta, Nautilus. Spirula. (Bd. I Abthlg. 1). Bestehend aus 3 Bogen Text und 7 Tafeln. Rthlr. 2 15 Sgr. , Dr. Umbrellacea (Bd. I. Abthlg. 7). Bestehend aus 1 Bogen Text u.1 Tafel . . . . . . . . 1 Sgr. Pfeiffer, Dr. L. Vitrina und Succinea (Bd. I Abthlg. 11). Bestehend aus 8 Bogen Text und 6 Tafeln. Rthlr. 2. 20 Sgr. , Dr. L, Helicea (Bd. I Abthlg. 12). Bestehend aus 117 Bogen Text und 162 Tafeln > .- /°.*.7°. " em cs anette. ae ‘ ae erbot sich jedoch gee Dr. Rémer, meahteis Abtheilungen zu vollenden und wir awe nselben die ausgezeichneten Monographien der Gattungen Cardium, Tellina und Donax, so wie neuer- es Herr Dr. Pfeiffer die Freundlichkeit hatte, die hiéchst schwierige Familie der Venusmuscheln mit -bekannter Griindlichkeit vollstiindig zu geben. ; - Eeyr Bergrath Dr. Dunker, welcher seine Mithilfe schon friiher zugesagt. hat jetzt die Monographie der Gat- a # _ tung Avicula in ausgezeichnetster Weise begonnen und wird vielleicht auch die verwandten Gattungen bearbeiten. — Auch Herr ©. H. Weinkauff in Oreuznach ist als Mitarbeiter eingetreten und wird zuniichst die Gat- , tung Conus vollenden, dann einige andere Gattungen iibernebmen, ebenso erkliirte sich Herr Dr. Kobelt _ bereit die angefangenen Gattungen Turbinella, Fasciolaria, Fusus etc. zu Ende ftihren zu wollen und zs » versprach das Gleiche Herr 8. Clessin mit der von ibm nun bereits fortgesetzten Gattung Anodonta. Ueber anderseitige weitere Beihilfe schweben die Unterhandlungen noch, und werden wahrscheinlich _ mu einem giinstigen Resultate fiihren, so dass von jetzt an eine rasche Folge der Hefte und baldiger Ab- schluss der begonnenen Gattungen zugesichert werden kann. a Ks ist begreiflich, dass in der langen Zeit, welche seit der Vollendung der ersten Monographien ver- “ons ~ flossen ist, dieselben durch zahlreiche Entdeckungen sich jetzt als unvollstiindig erweisen. Um diesen . _ Uebelstand abzuhelfen, sollen, so wie erst die Hauptgattungen vollends bearbeitet sind, Nachtrige gegeben _ werden, um auch diese iilteren Monographien zeitgemiiss zu vervollstiindigen. Nachstehend folgt die Uebersicht der fertigen Abtheilungen: Gesanimt- zahl - Band und” Bearbeitet ce conaizta Abtheilungen mit Angabe der areunapll ripe Re ee “ie inden Co ee No = | Dr. Keister. ' Argonauta 5, Nautilus 6, Spirula 1, Sepia 1 oY a id eocul e |, Kister. Umbrella 3, Tylodina 1. . 4 i i L. Pfeiffer. Daudebardia 2, Vitrina 34, Sea aulowes 5, Gres : . emer 40) \ chek 81 6 8 » L. Pfeiffer. | Anostoma 2, Helix 1107, Siossis 1, Dornides ; Rae rus 4, Proserpina 7, Sireptatis Beer ese 1148 162 ; 116 is ; a Leg. . Pfeiffer. Bulimus 373, Partula 23, Achatinella 15, Acha- : a nx tone, Wl ds Red 28 yy. ee : 528 70 51 ; a 1.14. | ,, Kister. meine Obs Varin Bat on. eee: 359 38 | 45 ¥ a fle LS. » Kiister. Pupaa(mit-Vertigo) 181-3. ee Noo We 181 21 24 oa I. 15 a.| ,, Pfeiffer. Cylindrella 96 . . . . : 96 9}. 10 = F.L6. » Kiister. Carychium 3, Scarabus 12, Si atiles 51, nee ; Ce : 68 Ti eg I. 17 b.| » Kiister. Limnaeus 85, Apes ice: 3, Chilina ‘18, ig . dora 6, Physopsis 1. . hea 108 124,°-10 Tats: » Pfeiffer. Trochatella 8, Helicina 101, Lueidella 1 er 110 10°} 10 To19; » Pfeiffer. Cyclostomacea I. apes. Cyclostoma 216, Pterocyclos 5, Pupina 10, Cal- ez lia 1, Acicula 8, Geomelania 2 . . . . BR 31 29 E19, », Pfeiffer. Cyclostomacea II. , : Z Pterocyclos 4, Pupina 5, Cyclostoma 204, Ca- : b tanlue- 3, Diplommiatina 3...) i. 219 20 22 - Abtheilung von jeder Gattung Gesammt- zahl der Arten Bearbeitet Beendigte Abtheilungen mit Angabe der Artenzahl I. 20. Dr. Philippi. Ampullaria 99 , Sole coils, » Kiister. Paludina 105, Hydrocaena 1, paler 9 ZEEE ,, Kiister. Truncatella 16, Paludinella 3 tee L. », Philippi. Natica 180, Amaura 1 1 ae », Philippi. Turbo 91 : 1 », Philippi. Trochus 430, Sereda 12 II. 4. », Philippi. Delphinula 35, Scissurella 11, Globulus (Ro- tella) 17 3 1 aaa » Philippi. Phasianella 39, Bankivia’ 1; Seas "22 iss. 65 », Philippi. Adeorbis 2, Skenea 7, Osan 1, Fossarus 3 | ee » Philippi. Solarium 46 Ne i ies amd ee G28 » Philippi. Risella 12... ... PR RONereca ee ace » Kiister. Janthina 14, Hebhizin 2 =i as a ae » » Klister. Buccinum 78, Purpura 109, Concholepas 2, Monoceros 14 .. Kiister. Cassis 35, Cassidaria 3, aise 7, oes 18, Eburnea 9, Harpa ll . , » Kiister. Ricinula 44-.-... °* : : eas Kiister. Strombus 56, Pterocera 10, Restellavia, 5, Che- ” tbe AR a , rere Vn q . Kuster. ae “ridacna, speraciate me ee Kiister. Unio 312, Hyria 2, Margaritas 17, Monocon- avinies2,. Dipsas’ l + scv< Cnc eee Romer. Isocardia 3, Cardium 73 Romer, Donax 69, Iphigenia 5 soe PE Romer. cDenmens 00. ©. ate my ots 5 Pfeiffer. Cyprina 1, Dosinia 18, Oveliet 6, Lacon A Sunetta 8, Cytherea 59, Venus 35. Bertin: mus 2, Venerupis 4, Clementina 3, Lu- cina 16, Fimbria 1, Galatea 2 Binnen Kurzen werden sich denselben die gegenwirtig in Arbeit befindlichen und grossentheils schon dem Abschluss nahestehenden Abtheilungen Melania, Paludomus, Murex, Triton, Ranella, Turbinella, Fasciolaria, Pyrula, Fusus, Conus, Oliva, Avicula, und Anodonta anschliessen und so in rascher Weise das ganze Werk seinem wtirdigen Abschlusse entgegengehen. Haben uns auch die so zahlreichen neuen Entdeckungen, deren Verwerthung bei gerade in Vollen- dung begriffenen Abtheilungen ja nur im Interesse der Abnehmer des Werkes lag, gezwungen, die ur- spriinglich proponirte Anzahl der Lieferungen wesentlich zu erhéhen, so ist die Mehrausgabe dafiir, durch die erzielte grissere Vollstiindigkeit des Ganzen mehr als ausgeglichen. Um Liebhabern der Wissenschaft die anfainglich versiumte Erwerbung des Werkes auf dem Sub- scriptionswege noch méglich zu machen, haben wir vor einigen Jahren eine zweite Ausgabe in dem Stoffe | i Rivinula, Tridacna Sect. 11 Textb. 18 Tafeln, davon 12 neu 6 a. d. alten Ausg. — a eran Succinea, Truncatella f ei ; Paludinella u. Pupa (Schluss) ,, ” Tee Lo ” 11 ” ” A pie ” ” oy y _-Helicea ee ic ke ait? eae ” ac ” 18 ” 18 ” ” 13 ” ee ay, Cat. te eet eee ee ” I. ” 15 ” 16 ” ” 14 ” 2 iv, Sy ” cones wie HDG ” 7 ” 17 ih ” 17 ” ” feet = Sateen ai -¢ EV. ” 12 ” 16 ” ats 16 ” j . Vv. ” 11 ” Ge ” ” 17 ” ” SEER elfoue te Res a pts lg ” WAR ” 11 ” 17 ” ” 17 ” are x Re eee rte a VE ig OG. pe AS Py » 1B, Peete ee, VOL % | 8 * ae eS ica aes, ete. oie 8 AR gg 10% IB sea 1B ss ay ae ” ee Searle Caer ene mr ” x ” 16 ” 19 ” ” 19 ” ' on — Bulimus und Achatina . . ” i ” 8 ” 18 ” ” 7 ” 11 Speeih as ” as : » ” ” Cees ” IDE ” 12 ” 18 ” ” 18 ” ” ” bE] rt #: > TES ” ili ” 16 ” ” 16 ” ar aff ” ” ” > 1 ” - IV. ” 8 ” 18 ” 4 18 th 2 3 Clausilia Mee tie. eRe ie po lee Ole ” 16 ” ” 16 ” et ” WP fds mad 4s ” BH; ” 17 ” 16 ” ” 16 $8 Fo ORS ” ” ” / Pupa, Megaspira, Balea u. I EN 2 : ” 21 ” ae ee or =