THE
QUEENSLAND FLORA
RY
F. MANSON BAILEY, F.L.S.,
COLONIAL BOTANIST OK QUKKNSLANI*.
VVJ'i H P LATHS ILLUSTRATING SOME RARE SPECIES.
PART II.
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J’WBIjTSHBU IJXDEl, THE AUTHOKITY 01- DIE QC KEN SEAN I » . GOVERNMENT.
QUEENSLAND :
FEINTED IJY Jl. -I. 1)1 EDAMS ,v CO.. ADELAIDE STREET. iilHSllVNE.
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QUEENSLAND FLORA
13 V
F. MANSON BAILEY, F.L.S.,
COLONIAL BOTANIST OK QUEENSLAND.
WITH PLATES ILLUSTRATING SOME RARE SPECIES.
PART II.
cossahack.k to cons a ck.k.
LtttKAKY NEW YOKt
botanical
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT.
QUEENSLAND :
PRINTED BY H. J. DIDDAMS A (JO ADELAIDE STREET
BRISBANE
SKH'I3»
•BS15
|U,l-
H. .1. UIDDAMS AND CO.. PRINTERS, APKLA.II>]' STREET, BRISBANE,
LIST OK IMiATKS.
(Continued!
To face page
Plate XIII. — Daviesia Wyattiana .. .. ... .. .. .. 348
(Flowering and fruiting shooti
Plate XIV. — Galactia varians .. .. .. .. .. ••• •• 430
(,/, Inflorescence : b, Flower ; r, Pod, showing seeds)
Pi, ate XV. — Mezoneurum brachycavpum .. .. .. .. .. .. 451
Fig. 1, pair of pinna? : Fig. 2, pod ; Fig. 3, seed ; Fig. 4, portion of stem
anti M. Scovtechinii
Fig. 5, pair of pinme ; Fig. fi, pod : Fig. 7, seed
Plate XVI. — Lower portions of pods .. .. .. .. .. .. 455
Fig. 1, Cassia Brewsteri ; Fig. 2, C. I(. v. sylvestris ; Fig. 3, C. B. v. tomentella: Fig. 4,
B. var. Marksiana.
Plate XVII: — Acacia georginse .. .. .. ... ... .. .. 495
(Branchlet, pod and seeds)
Plate XVIII. — Acacia Piothii .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .500
(Fruiting shoot and half a pod showing seeds in positioni
Plate XIX. — Pygeuni Turnerianam .. .. .. ... .. .. 525
(Flowering shoot, fruit and stone)
Plate XX.- — Polyosina rigidiuscula .. .. .. .. ... .. .535
(Fruiting branch)
Plate XXI. -Eucalyptus Staigeriana ... .. .. .. .. .. 022
(Flowering shoot and fruit)
Plate XXII. — Eucalyptus platyphylla .. .. .. .. .. .. 627
(Flowering shoot, leaf and fruit)
Plate XXIII. — Syncarpia Hillii ... .. ... .. .. ... .. 639
(Flowering and fruiting shoots)
Plate XXIV. — La"erstroemia Archeriana ... .. ... .. .. .. 678
(Flower, fruit and fruit bursting)
Plate XXV.— Homaliura circumpinnatum . . ... ... .. .. .. 686
(Flowering shoot)
CONTMNTS.
|
CONKKKCTUS OK |
THE OltliKUS |
|
OitnEt! XLII. |
Connaraceic |
|
XLII1. |
Leguntinosm |
|
Sub-order 1. Papilionace® 2. Csesalpiniea* 3. Mimosefe |
|
|
XLIV. |
Rosacea' |
|
XLV. |
Saxifragea* . . |
|
XLV1. |
Crassulacca' . . |
|
XL VII. |
Droseraeen- . . |
|
XL VII I. |
Haloragefi' |
|
XLIX. |
IthizophoveaD |
|
L. |
Combretacea1 |
|
LI. |
Myrtacese |
|
LII. |
Melastomacete |
|
I, III. |
Lythrariete . . |
|
LIV. |
Onagraviese . . |
|
LV. |
Samyilacete . . |
|
LV1. |
Passitlore® .. |
|
LVII. |
Cucurbitaeea" |
|
LVIII. |
Caoteoe |
|
LIX. |
Ficoide* |
|
LX. |
UmbelUier® . . |
|
LXI. |
Araliaceaa |
|
LXII. |
Cornace® |
Page
326a
327
328 3*21)
333 *449 334 5*23 530
544
545 552 559 56*2 571 007 071 080 684 080 090
703
704 713 7*27 736
Repeated on page 449 by mistake
Class 1. DICOTYLEDONS.
SUBCLASS 1. POLY PETALS .
CoXTIXUEJL>._
Series 111. CalycifLCk.e. — Stamens and petals usually inserted on the
margin of a thin disk lining the base or the whole of the calyx-tube, and free from the ovary unless the calyx-tube is also adnate to it. Stamens definite or indefinite. Ovary either free and superior or enclosed in the calyx tube, or inferior and adnate to the calyx-tube.
(In Mimosta • and a few genera of Papilionaceo ■ and V<esalpinie<c. as well as in isolated genera of Sa.rifraycw and some other Orders, the stamen-bearing disk is reduced lo a narrow ring or disappears altogether. The distinction between Calycitlor<c and Thalanu flora is therefore general only, not absolute. — Benth.)
Alliance XI. Rosales. Flown reyular or irreynlar. usually hermaphrodite. Stamens more or less distinctly periyynous. Styles distinct .
XL1J. Cox x a a \c c. e . Flowers regular. Stamens definite. Ovary ol' from 1 to 5 free carpels ; ovules 2. ascending, orthotropous. Fruit often a solitary folliculate carpel. Albumen frequent. Trees or shrubs, often climbing. Leaves alternate. 1 lo 8-foliolate or pinnate, without stipules.
XLIII. LtxiCMtxos.r:. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, often compound. Stipules rarely wanting. Gyncecium free, consisting of a single exccntrical carpel with a terminal style, the ovules inserted along the upper or inner angle of the cavity. Albumen usually scanty or none.
Suiiorder I. Pafieionace.e. Flowers irregular. Petals usually 5, imbricate, the upper one or standard outside. Stamens 10. rarely fewer by abortion, Radicle curved and accumbent. rarely straight.
ScnoiiDEK 2. C.esahuxie.e. Flowers irregular or nearly regular. Petals 5 or fewer, imbricate, the upper one inside. Stamens (in Australian genera) 10 or fewer. Radicle straight.
Suuoudek 8. Mr.MOSE/E. Flowers regular, small, in spikes or heads. Petals 5, 4. or rarely 3, valvate or rarely slightly imbricate. Stamens definite or indefinite. Radicle straight.
XLIV. Rosace*. Shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers regular. Stamens usually indefinite. Carpels of the gyneeciuni 1 or several, free and distinct, or, if adnate to the calyx-tube, either distinct or combined into a single ovary. Styles distinct. Albumen usually none.
XLV. Saxifrage*. Shrubs or herbs. Leaves various, with or without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Carpels of the gyncecium usually united into a 1 or several-celled ovary, at least at the base, free or more or less adnate or inferior. Styles usually distinct or readily separable. Albumen usually copious.
XLVI. Crassoeace*. Herbs with succulent leaves, without stipules. Flowers regular and perfectly isomerous. Stamens in 1 or 2 series. Gyncecium superior, with distinct carpels. Seeds albuminous.
XLVII. DroseracE/K. Herbs. Leaves fringed with glandular cilia. Stipules scarious or none. Flowers regular. Stamens definite. Ovary free, I -celled, with parietal placentas. Styles distinct (except llyblis). Seeds albuminous.
XLVIII. Halor age/e. Herbs aquatic or terrestrial. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Flowers small, regular, often milch reduced. Stamens definite. Ovary inferior, with as many cells and ovules as styles or rarely fewer, the ovule pendulous from the apex of the cell. Styles or sessile stigmas 1 to 4. distinct.. Seeds albuminous.
Alliance XIX. XVXyrtales. Flowers reyular or suhreyular: usually hermaphrodite. Pistils syncarpous , interior (or free in some Rhizophoraceaj). Style I. Lea res simple.
XLIX. Rmzoi’Hon K*. Trees or shrubs, often maritime, with opposite leaves. Stipule-
deciduous. Flowers regular. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals usually notched or jagged. Stamen twiee a many ar. petal or more. Ova i ) usually inferior, leveral celled, with 2 or more ovule pendulous Imin the apex ol each cell Style undivided Seed u ually ■•oiir.ai'y, with or without albumen. •
326 h
DICOTYLEDONS.
L. Combretace.t.. Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Ovary inferior,
1 -celled, with 2 or more |1 in Gyrocarpus) ovules pendulous from the apex of the cavity. Style undivided. Seed solitary, without albumen. Cotyledons convolute.
LI. Myhta.ce/E. Trees or shrubs, very rarely undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules, usually dotted. Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx-lobes usually imbricate. Petals imbricate. Stamens indefinite or rarely definite; anthers opening in longitudinal slits or rarely in terminal pores. Ovary inferior. 2 or more-celled with 2 or more ovules in each cell, or rarely 1-celled with 1 placenta. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons flat or folded, not convolute.
LII. MklastomacE/E. Shrubs or rarely trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, not dotted, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals contorted. Stamens definite ; anthers opening in terminal pores, very rarely in longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or enclosed in the calyx, 2 or more-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell, or rarely 1-celled with a central placenta. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons flat or folded, not convolute.
L1I1. Lythrakie.e. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules . Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals usually crumpled in the bud. Stamens definite or rarely indefinite. Ovary usually enclosed in the calyx-tube. 2 or more- celled. with few or many ovules in each cell. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen. Cotyledons not convolute.
LIV. Onagkakie.e. Herbs (in the Australian genera). Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so, usually 4-merous. Calyx-lobes valvate. Petals im- bricate. Stamens definite. Ovary inferior, 2 or more-celled, very rarely 1-celled. Style undivided. Seeds without albumen.
Alliance XXXI. Passiflorales. — Flower* regular or irregular. Stamen s perigynous (or hypogynoits in some Passiflorete). Pistil syncarpous. Ovary free or adnate, 1 -celled, with parietal placentation, or 'S-celled with axile placentation.
LV. Samydace.e. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Stipules small or none. Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals and sepals nearly similar. Stamens indefinite or alternating with small scales or glands. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentas. Style entire or branched. Seeds albuminous.
LVI. Passiflore*. Climbers (in the Australian genera). Leaves alternate, with stipules- Flowers regular. Petals persistent with the calyx-lobes and often resembling them. Stamens definite. Ovary stalked. 1-celled. with parietal placentas. Style branched . Seeds albuminous.
LVII. Cucurbit acE/E. Herbs either prostrate or climbing with tendrils. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers unisexual, regular. Stamens 3 or 5. Ovary inferior, at first 1-celled. the (3) parietal placentas soon meeting in the axis and dividing the cavity into 3 or 6 cells or remaining 1 -celled with 1 placenta. Style entire or branched. Seeds without albumen.
Alliance XXV. Ficoidales.— Flowers regular or nearly so. Ovary syncarpous, tree or wholly or partially adnate : placentation various. Embryo usually curved.
LVIII. Cacte.e. Leaves represented by tufts of spines. Flowers solitary, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 3 or many. Petals numerous. Stamens numerous, adnate to the base of petals. Ovary 1-celled. Style with a 3 or many-rayed stigma. Berry pulpy. Seeds numerous.
LIX. Ficoide.e. Herbs or rarely undershrubs. sometimes succulent. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, without any or with minute scarious stipules. Petals none or indefinite and narrow. Stamens indefinite or rarely definite. Ovary inferior or superior, several-celled (rarely reduced to 1 cell). Placentas basal or nearly so. Styles free or united at the base. Embryo curved in a mealy albumen.
Alliance XV. Umbellales. Flowers regular (or in some genera the outer petals larger i. Ovary inferior , 2 or ninny celled : orules solitary, pendulous. Stamens rarely indefinite. Albumen copious, fleshy.
LX. Umbellifer.e. Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, usually with divided alternate sheathing leaves and umbellate flowers. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2. Carpels dry in fruit, indehiscent and separating.
LX1. Araliace/£. Shrubs or trees, with alternate divided leaves and umbellate capitate racemous or spicate (lowers. Ovary 2 or manv-celled. Fruit dry or drupaceous, not separating into its constituent carpels.
LXII. Corkage.*. Trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely (as in the Australian genus) alternate, without stipules. Petal valvate. Stamen a many or twice u many u-_ petal . Ovary inferior. 1 or 2-celleJ with one pendulous ovule in each cell. Style simple. Seeds albuminous, the embryo nearly as long as the albumen.
Lt»KA»CT
MEW
BOTANIC AS,
oaxubm
THE QUEENSLAND FLORA.
Order XLII. CONNARACEjE.
Flowers usually hermaphrodite, regular or nearly so. Calyx 5-fid, or 4 or 5-partite, often persistent, valvate or imbricate. Petals 5, ligulate and longer than the calyx or rotundate-cuneate and shorter, usually imbricate, free or slightly coherent. Stamens perigynous or hypogynous, 5 or more usually 10, the alternate ones in that case (those opposite the petals) considerably shorter than the others and frequently imperfect ; filaments filiform, often monadelphous at the base ; anthers short, didymous, the dehiscence introrse, sometimes turned round at length. Disk none or thin, surrounded by the base of the stamens. Carpels usually 5, rarely 1 to 3, hairy, 1-celled. Style subulate or filiform ; stigma subcapitate, simple or 2-lobed. Ovules 2, collateral, ascending from the base of the inner angle of the cell, orthotropous. Capsule usually solitary, sessile or stipitate, follicular, dehiscing usually in front, rarely on the back, 1 or very rarely 2-seeded. Seeds erect, with or without an arillus or with the testa arilliform below the middle. Embryo either exalbuminous with amygdaloid cotyledons or albuminous with foliaceous cotyledons, the radicle superior or very rarely ventral. — Trees or climbing or erect shrubs. Leaves persistent or deci- duous, alternate, exstipulate, simple or imparipinnate, with 1 or many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets subcoriaceous or coriaceous, always entire. Flowers small and inconspicuous, racemose or paniculate. Capsule glabrous or pilose internally. — Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI. and J. G. Baker in FI. Trop. Africa.
A small Order, universally dispersed through the tropics and scarcely passing beyond them.
Tribe I. Connarea s.— Sepals imbricate in (estivation. Seeds exalbuminous, arillate.
Calyx clasping the fruit or its stalk. Capsule sessile, the fruit-calyx dilated . 1. Rourea.
Tribe II Cnestideae. — Sepals valvate in (estivation. Seeds albuminous.
Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 10. Carpel 1. Capsule pubescent inside .... 2. Tricholobds.
1. ROUREA, Aubl.
(Cayenne name.)
Calyx 5-partite, lobes orbicular, imbricate, enlarged and clasping the base of the ripe capsule. Petals 5, usually linear-oblong. Stamens 10; filaments fili- form, connate in a ring at the base. Anthers didymous. Ovaries 5, 4 usually imperfect, styliform ; fertile style straight, subulate, slender ; stigma capitellate. Capsule sessile, curved, 1-seedod, chartaceous. Seed erect, arillate, exalbuminous.
Part IJ. B
328
XLII. CONNARACE/E.
[Rourea.
— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, imparipinnate ; leaflets sub- opposite or alternate, often small and multijugate. Panicles axillary. Flowers small. Pedicels slender.
Species about 43, inhabiting the tropics of Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. — From Gen. Plant., Ben tli. and Hook.
1. R. brachyandra (short stamens), F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 6, x. 119. A glabrous lofty climber. Leaves alternate, petiole and rhachis slender. Leaflets 3 or 5, 2 to 5in. long, coriaceo-chartaceous, lanceolate-ovate, shining on both sides, the nerves and veins conspicuous. Petioles 1 to 1^-in. long, the petiolules about 1A line long. Panicles racemose, axillary, and lateral. Pedicels about as long as the calyx. Bracteoles subulate-lanceolate. Calyx-lobes 5, rhomboid- ovate, scarcely line long. Petals 5, imbricate, white, obtuse oblong or spathulate, semi-exserted, glabrous, cohering at the base. Stamens 10, short, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Style and ovary very short. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallacliy, and Daintree River, E. Fitzalan (F. v. M., l.c.) ; Barron River scrubs, E. Cowley.
2. TRICHOLOBUS, Blume.
(Hairy-lobed.)
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite, valvate. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, linear-lanceolate, valvate. Stamens 10, 5 longer and sometimes without anthers ; filaments subulate-filiform, connate at the base. Carpel 1, sessile, villous ; style short, filiform, stigma dilated. Capsule sessile, coriaceous, obovate-oblong, compressed, densely covered inside and out with itching hairs. Seeds arillate. Leaves imparipinnate, the young ones densely fulvous-lanuginous. Leaflets oblong acuminate. Panicles terminal, very densely lanuginous. Flowers small, shortly pedicellate, pedicels 1-bracteate. Capsule large. — Benth. and Hook. Gen. Plant, i, 433.
Species few, in the Indian Archipelago and Australia.
1. T. connaroides (Connarus-like), F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 224. A strong woody climber, the branches rough with lenticell*. Leaflets 3 to 5, oblong, 5 to 8in. long, 2 or 3in. broad, densely rusty-tomentose when young. Inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose, the panicles often in clusters on the old wood, of irregular length in each cluster ; the panicles in the axils of the leaves of the new wood usually single and larger than the clustered ones, about 3in. long. Pedicels often very short. Bracts about 1| line long, narrow. Sepals narrow or oblong- lanceolate, 1| line long. Petals pilose, glandular-punctate. Filaments united at the base. Anthers minute, didymous-rotund, style about 2 lines long. Follicle- like capsule, obliquely pyriform, red and obliquely nerved, about lin. long and nearly as broad, the old ones glabrous outside, clothed with short golden hairs inside. Seeds solitary, flat, about 6 lines long and nearly as broad, ai'illate.
Hab.: Climbing over the trees along the rivers and creeks of the tropical parts of Queensland.
Order XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
Calyx of 5 or rarely fewer, usually united sepals, companulate or tubular, more or less divided into 5 or fewer teeth or lobes, or rarely the sepals entirely distinct. Corolla of 5 or rarely fewer petals, perigynous or rarely hypogynous, very irregular in the first suborder, less so in the second, small, regular, and the petals often united in the third. Stamens twice the number of petals, rarely fewer or sometimes indefinite, inserted with the petals. Ovary single (consisting
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
329
of a single carpel), with 1, 2, or more ovules arranged along the inner or upper angle of the cavity ; style simple. Fruit a pod, usually flatfish and opening round the margin in 2 valves, but sometimes follicular or indehiscent, or variously shaped. Seeds with 2 large cotyledons, a short radicle, and, with few. exceptions, little or no albumen. — Herbs, shrubs, trees, or climbers. Leaves alternate or (chiefly in some Australian genera) opposite, usually furnished with stipules, compound or reduced to a single leaflet, or to a dilated petiole, or in a few cases really simple, the leaflets or leaves entire or rarely toothed or lobed. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, spikes or clusters, when terminal often becoming leaf-opposed by the growth of a lateral shoot, rarely solitary and axillary.
The largest Natural Order of Phoenogamous plants next to Composite, and widely distributed over the whole surface of the globe. Out of the 95 following genera, 35 are dispersed over the warmer, chiefly tropical regions of both the New and the Old World ; the 19 other tropical genera are chiefly in Africa and Asia ; 1 0 genera belong to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; 1 (Clianthus) extends only to New Zealand, and 30 are endemic in Australia.
The genera marked with an asterisk in the following table are those which are mentioned only as introduced, not described as indigenous.
Suborder I. PAPILIONACE.E.
Sepals united in a campanulate or tubular calyx, 5-toothed or cleft, or 4-toothed by the complete union of the 2 upper sepals, or 2-lobed, the lobe or lip entire or 2-toothed, the lower entire or 3-toothed, rarely irregularly split. Corolla very irregular, usually papilionaceous, that is of 5 petals, the upper one or standard ( vexillum ) outside in the bud, the 2 lateral ones or wings (ala) inter- mediate. the 2 lowest ones more or less united along the lower edge or approximate, face to face, into a boat-shaped keel ( carina ), more or less enclosing the stamens and style. Stamens usually 10, either all free or all united in a tube or sheath, enclosing the style, closed or open along the upper edge, or the upper stamen more or less free from the others, the filaments all free for some distance under the anthers. Ovules usually amphitropous (half inverted), and the radicle of the embryo more or less curved over the edge of the cotyledons, rarely short and straight.
The subdivision of this large suborder into tribes is attended with very great difficulties, nor has any one character by which it has yet been attempted proved constant. Those here adopted are such as have appeared the least objectionable, but there are connecting genera between all of them. — Benth.
Tribe I. Podalyrieae. — Shrubs, rarely herbs or small trees. Leaves simple or digitately compound (except in a few Gompholobiums and Burtoniasj, without stipellce. Stamens all free or scarcely united at the base. Pod not articulate.
Standard small or narrow. Ovules 4 or more. Flowers not in heads.
Upper lobes of the calyx as large as or larger than the others. Leaves
simple, opposite alternate or none 1. Brachysema.
Standard orbicular or reniform, large. Ovules 4 or more (except in a few Mirbelias).
Calyx-lobes shorter or scarcely longer than the tube. Leaves simple or
none.
Ovary not divided longitudinally.
Keel about as long as the wings. Leaves usually more or less
opposite or verticellate 2. Oxylobium.
Keel shorter than the wings or beaked. Leaves alternate .... 3. Chorizema.
Ovary and pod divided by a longitudinal partition 4. Mirbelia.
ilyx-lobes much longer than the tube.
Calyx-lobes imbricate. Ovary sessile. Funicles short or slender.
Pod oblong-linear. Leaves simple or unifoliolate 5. Isotropir.
Calyx-lobes valvate. Ovary stipitate. Funicles long and thick, all folded or curved downwards. Pod globular. Leaves pinnate, digitately 3 to 5-foliolate, or simple (5. Gompholobium,
880
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
Standard orbicular or reniform, large. Ovules 2.
Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, valvate.
Funicles long and thick, one folded or curved upwards, the other downwards. Pod globular or nearly so. Leaves pinnate, digitately 3 to 5-foliolate or simple 7. Burtonia.
Funicles short and slender. Pod flattened or oblong. Leaves none
or very rarely 1-foliolate 8. Jacksonia.
Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube, or, if longer, imbricate or open in the bud.
Pod nearly globular, usually stipitate. Strophiole none. Calyx upper lip very large. Petals nearly sessile. Leaves simple and narrow or none 9. Spherolobiuai.
Pod sessile, ovoid, small, and indehiscent. Calyx shortly 5-toothed.
Leaves reduced to a long petiole, with or without 1 or 3 digitate
leaflets 10. Viminaria.
Pod triangular, 2-valved. Seeds strophiolate. Calyx shortly 5-
toothed. Leaves simple, alternate or none 11. Daviesia.
Pod ovate or oblong, 2-valved. Calyx 5-lobed or toothed or 2-lipped.
Leaves simple, sessile or shortly petiolate.
Leaves flat or folded lengthwise, or with revolute margins, or, if terete, channelled underneath.
Bracteoles none or very deciduous.
No strophiole. No stipules. Flowers 1 to 3 in each axil . . 12. Aotus.
Seeds strophiolate. Stipules often present. Flowers in racemes
or dense axillary clusters 14 Gastrolobium.
Bracteoles persistent close under the calyx, or adnate to it.
No strophiole. No stipules. Filaments some or all united
with the petals at the base 13. Phyllota.
Seeds strophiolate. Stipules usually (not always) present.
Filaments free 15. Pdltenea.
Leaves concave or with incurved or involute margins, or, if terete, channelled above. Seeds strophiolate.
Bracteoles persistent close under the calyx or adnate to it.
Stipules usually present 15. Pdltenea.
Bracteoles none or at a distance from the calyx, and usually very small. Stipules none or minute. Calyx more or less 2-lipped, or the upper lobes broad. Pod ovate, flat or turgid. Leaves alternate or crowded. Standard usually very broad . . . .16. Dillwynia.
(Barklya has simple or rather 1-foliolate leaves and the stamens free ; but it is a large tree, with small nearly regular flowers.)
Tribe II. Crenisteae. — Shrubs or herbs, very rarely small trees. Leaves simple or with 1 or 3 or more digitate leaflets ( except Goodia). Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side in all the Australian genera ( except in one species of Hovea), or in a closed tube in several European and African genera. Pod dehiscent, not articulate.
Leaves all simple or none. Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered. Seeds
strophiolate.
Anthers uniform. Pod very flat.
Upper suture of the pod bordered by a narrow wing and not splitting,
the valves rolling back upon it elastically. Leaves opposite . . .17. Platylobium.
Pod not winged, opening at both sutures. Leaves opposite or alternate 18. Bossiea.
Anthers alternately longer and shorter. Leaves alternate or none.
Pod at least twice as long as broad, with coriaceous convex valves.
Flowers red, yellow, or reddish-purple 19. Templetonia.
Pod turgid, scarcely longer than broad. Flowers blue or bluish- purple 20. Hovea.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes.
Seeds strophiolate 21. Goodia.
Leaves digitate or simple. Flowers or racemes terminal or leaf -opposed.
Seeds not strophiolate.
Anthers alternately longer and shorter. Style (often very minutely) bearded under the stigma.
Keel acute or beaked. Pod turgid 22. Crotalaria.
Tube of stamens not slit along the top. Calyx-teeth much exceeding the
tube. Wings connate at the apex. Keel rostrate 23. ’Lupinds.
(Flemingia, and a very few species of other genera of Phaseolece, have 3 digitate leaflets, but may readily be distinguished from Genistew, either by their upper stamen free or by the twining herbaceous stems. Some species of Psoralea and Indigofer a, with digitate leaves, may be known, the former by their ovary and pod, the latter by the stamens and anthers. — Benth,)
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
3B1
Tribe III. Trifolieas. — Herbs, very rarely shrubs. Leaflets usually 3, pinnate or rarely digitate, the veinlets extending to the edge and often produced into minute teeth. Peduncles, racemes, or flower-heads axillary (or apparently terminal by the reduction of the upper floral leaves ), never leaf-opposed. Upper stamen free, the others united in a slieatli. Ovules 2 or more.
Pod not articulate.
Keel obtuse. Upper stamen free.
Petals free from the staminal tube.
Pod straight, or falcate, or undulate, linear, or fiat, or beaked . . . 24. Trigonella.
Pod spiral (rarely small, curved and 1-seeded) 25. *Medicago.
Pod small, thick, straight, and indehiscent 26. *Melilotus.
All the petals, or the 4 lower ones, with their claws adnate to the base
of the staminal tube. Pod usually included in the calyx 27. *Trifolium.
Tribe IV. Euloteae. — Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves pinnate, or sometimes apparently digitately 3-foliolate, the ■ lowest pair of leaflets taking the place of stipules ; leaflets entire. Flowers capitate or umbellate on axillary pteduncles. Upper stamen usually free, at least at the base, the others united in a sheath ; filaments either all or 5 only dilated towards the end. Pod not articulate.
Leaflets 5, the 2 lowest taking the place of stipules. Keel beaked . . . 28. Lotus.
Tribe V. Craleg'ese. — Herbs not twining, shrubs, or rarely trees or tall ivoody climbers. Leaves pinnate, rarely reduced to 3 or 1 leaflets. Stipellce none, or setaceous in a few pinnate genera. Upper stamen usually free, at least at the base, the others united in a sheath, very rarely all united ; filaments filiform. Ovules 2 or more ( except in Indigofera linifolia and in Psoralea). Pod not articulate, 2 -valued ( except Psoralea).
Ovule 1. Fruit small, the pericarp adhering to the seed. Herbs or shrubs with black glandular dots. Leaflets (in Australia) 1 or 3, sometimes
toothed 29. Psoralea.
Ovules 2 or more (1 in I. linifolia). Anthers tipped with a small gland.
Pod 2-valved. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes glandular. Leaflets entire.
Hairs often appressed and attached by the centre 30. Indigofera.
Ovules 2 or more. Anthers without glands.
Racemes or flowers terminal or leaf-opposed. Herbs or shrubs.
Stamens all united in a sheath, open on the upper side.
Leaflets 3. Flowers in racemes. Seeds strophiolate 21. Goodia.
Leaflets few. Petals not exceeding the deeply lobed calyx. Seeds
strophiolate, with a straight radicle 31. Laaiprolobum.
Leaves imparipinnate ; stipules semi-sagittate. Stamens mona-
delphous. Pod terete 32. *Galega.
Upper stamens usually free, or all united in a closed tube .... 33. Tephrosia.
Kacemes in a terminal panicle. Tall woody climbers. Pod hard . . 34. Millettia.
Kacemes or flowers axillary. Herbs or shrubs.
Style not bearded (rarely a small tuft of hairs on the stigma in
Tephrosia).
Pod linear, rarely short and oblong ; valves thin or coriaceous, flat
or convex when ripe 33. Tephrosia.
Pod long, narrow and thick, the endocarp continuous with the
transverse partitions between the seeds 35. Sesbania.
Pod 1-seeded (ovules 2), muricate. Plant glandular. Anthers with confluent cells opening in unequal valves 38. Glycyrrhiza.
Style bearded under the stigma. Pod turgid, membranous or coriaceous.
Petals acuminate 36. Clianthus.
Petals obtuse 37. Swainsona.
( Abrus , and a very few pinnate-leaved Phaseolea;, may have the technical characters of Galege ce, but are distinguished by their herbaceous more or less twining stems.)
Tribe VI. Hedysareae. — Pod separating into 1 -seeded articles, or the whole pod 1-seeded and indehiscent (except Pycnospora), and rarely Desmodium). foliage and inflorescence, in the Australian genera, either of Galegess or of Phaseoleee.
Leaves pinnate with several leaflets, as in Galegece. Stamens united in a sheath, or in 2 bundles of 5 each.
Tall shrubs. Articles of the pod oblong, striate 39. Ormocarpum.
Herbs. Articles of the pod square or semiorbicular, flat 40. jGschynomene.
Herbs. Articles of the pod folded over each other within the calyx . . 41. Smithia.
Pod ripening beneath the soil, oblong, reticulate, indehiscent, subtoru-
lose, continuous within. Seeds 1 to 3 42. * Arachis.
Leaves with 2 leaflets. Bracteoles large, enclosing the flowers. Stamens all united. Anthers alternately long and short 43. Zoknia.
332
X.LIII. LEGUMINOS^.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate, with stipellse as in Phaseolea.
Stipules usually dry.
Pod flat, not folded 44. Desmodium.
Pod turgid, not articulate, but with transverse lines 45. Pycnospora.
Pod-articles folded over each other within the calyx. Calyx-tube small,
lobes subulate 46. Uraria.
Pod-articles globular, oblong-terete, or slightly flattened but thick. Calyx
narrow, dry, deeply lobed. Leaves 1-foliolate 47. Alysicarpus.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate, without stipell®. Ovule 1.
Pod 1-seeded, flat, indehiscent 48. Lespedeza.
Tkire VII. Vicieae. — Herbs. Leaves abruptly pinnate, the common petiole usually ending in a tendril or fine point. Flowers and fruit of Phaseoleee. Peduncles or racemes axillary.
Style with a tuft of hairs at the top on the outside or all round (not bearded
longitudinally inside) ■. . 49. *Vicia.
Twiners. Leaves abruptly pinnate with small leaflets. Upper stamen
wanting, the other 9 united in a sheath open on the upper side . . . 50. Abhus.
Tribe VIII. Phaseoleas. — Herbs usually twining or prostrate, rarely erect or shrubby at the base, very rarely trees. Leaves pinnately H-foliolate or 1-foliolate, rarely 5 or 1-foliolate, with stipellee (digitate in Flemingia and a very few species of other genera, stipellce minute or none in Rhynchosia and its allies). Upper stamen usually free, at least at the base or all but the base. Anthers uniform or nearly so ( except in Mucuna). Pod not articulate, 2-valved. Cotyledons usually thick and fleshy.
Flowers in axillary short clusters with persistent striate bracts and
bracteoles. Seeds not strophiolate.
Calyx tubular 51. Clitoria.
Calyx campanulate 62. Dolichos.
Flowers pedunculate, umbellate, or racemose, the rhachis not nodose.
Bracts persistent or deciduous. Seeds strophiolate.
Flowers red, in 1 or 2 pairs or in umbels or in short racemes .... 54. Kennedya.
Flowers small, blue or purple, in loose racemes. Keel usually small . 53. Hardenbergia.
Flowers small, single, scattered in a loose raceme, the rhachis not nodose.
Bracts small, deciduous. (Lower flowers often solitary in the axils.)
Seeds not strophiolate 52. Glycine.
Trees or tall erect herbs with conical prickles. Flowers large, red. Wings
very short 55. Erythrina.
Twiners, habit of Phaseolus. Flowers red. Standard and keel equal.
Wings short 56. Strongylodon.
Anthers alternately long and short. Flowers large, purple, yellow, or
white. Standard short. Keel acuminate 57. Mucuna.
Twining or erect at the base, not glandular. Flowers in pairs or clusters along or at the top of a common peduncle, the rhachis of the cluster gland-like or forming a protruding node. Bracts deciduous or none.
Anthers uniform.
Style beardless.
Calyx-lobes 4 (the upper one of 2 united), acuminate 58. Galactia.
Calyx 2 upper lobes united in a large upper lip, the 3 lower minute . 59. Canavalia. Style bearded under the stigma.
Stigma oblique or lateral.
Keel spirally twisted 60. Phaseolus.
Keel straight, or with a curved beak not forming a complete spire . 61. Viona. Stigma small, terminal 62. Dolichos.
Twining or erect. Flowers racemose, umbellate, or solitary, the rhachis not nodose. Bracts usually membranous and deciduous. Stipellee
usually minute or none. Style beardless. Upper stamen free.
Ovules 4 or more.
Pod very flat, obliquely acuminate 63. Dunbaria.
Pod flattened, very obtuse, with transverse lines or depressions between the seeds 64. Atylosia.
Ovules 2 or rarely 1.
Pod flattened. Hilum of the seed parallel to the suture with a central
funicle 65. Rhynchosia.
Pod flattened. Seed obliquely transverse, the funicle attached to one
end of the hilum. Standard usually very silky 66. Eriosema.
Pod turgid. Leaflets digitate 67. Flemingia.
Tribe IX. — Dalbergiea. — Trees or woody climbers. Leaves pinnate with 5 or more leaflets or sometimes 1 leaflet, very rarely 3. Stipellee none or small and subulate. Stamens all united in a sheath or tube, or into two parcels of 5, very rarely the upper one free. Pod indehiscent.
XLIII. LEGUMlNOSiE.
333
Anthers small, erect, didymous, opening at the top. Flowers small, in
cymes or short panicles. Pod flat and thin 68. Dalbergia.
Anthers opening longitudinally. Flowers racemose.
Pod flat and thin, not winged 69. Lonchocarpus.
Pod flat, thin or coriaceous, one or both sutures edged with a narrow
wing 70. Derris.
Pod flattened but thick, with obtuse sutures 71. Pongamia.
(Millettia is closely allied to Lonchocarpus, but has a dehiscent 2-valved pod.)
Tribe X. Sophorete — Trees, woody climbers, or rarely tall shrubs or almost herbaceous. Leaves pinnate, with several leaflets, without stipellce, or reduced to a large leaflet. Stamens all
free or scarcely united at the base.
Leaves pinnate.
Corolla papilionaceous. Pod terete or 4-angled, moniliform . . . .72. Sophora.
Inflorescence terminal ; petals clawed. Pod stipitate, 3 to 4in. long ;
seeds 1 to 4, oblong, red, 5 lines long 73. Podopetalum.
Corollp, papilionaceous or nearly so. Pod large, hard, almost woody,
spongy inside 74. Castanospermum.
Leaves 1-foliolate. Corolla small, nearly regular, the upper petal outside.
Pod flat and thin 75. Barklya.
(A few species of Gompholobium and Burtonia have pinnate leaves, but with the habit and small leaflets of Podalyrieee.)
Suborder II. OESALPINIE^E.
Flowers usually 5-merous, very rarely 4-merous or 3-merous, the sepals united at the base into a short tube, lined by the disk, bearing at its margin the petals and stamens, rarely forming a campanulate or tubular calyx with the stamens near the base, as in Papilionacece, the free part of the sepals or lobes of the calyx imbricate or rarely valvate. Corolla irregular or nearly regular, either with the 5 (or 4 or 3) petals variously imbricate in the bud, but the upper one never outside, and usually quite inside, or in genera not Australian, some or all of the four lower petals wanting. Stamens 10 or fewer, or in genera not Australian, indefinite, free, or rarely more or less united, all perfect or several of them reduced to staminodia. Ovules anatropous or nearly so. Radicle of the embryo short and straight.
Tribe XI. Eucscsalpinieac. — Leaves bipinnate ; calyx divided to the disk ; petals usually 5, subequal or but slightly unequal ; stamens 10
Leaves twice pinnate, often with hooked prickles. Stamens 10, all bearing anthers.
Ovules 2 or more. Stigma small.
Pod ovate, or ovate-oblong, or linear-falcate, compressed, covered
with or without prickles or wings, 2-valved 76. Cjesalpinia.
Pod flat, thin or coriaceous, the upper suture winged 77. Mezoneurum.
Ovule 1. Pod samara-like, with a terminal wing 78. Pterolobium.
Ovules 2 or more. Stigma large, peltate. Pod oblong-lanceolate, flat
and thin, indehiscent 79. Peltobhorum.
Leaves with 2 to 6 pinnse from a very short rhachis. Leaflets minute, oblong-lanceolate. Pod narrow, moniliform 80. *Parkinsonia.
Tribe XII. Cassiese. — Leaves simply pinnate. Sepals 5, distinct, or calyx-lobes free to the
disk. Petals 5, or fewer, or none. Stamens 2 to 10. Anthers basi or dorsiflxed.
Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10 ; anthers all perfect, opening in terminal pores or short slits, or some minute and empty. Leaves abruptly
pinnate 81. Cassia.
Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 3 with perfect anthers opening in longi- tudinal slits, 2 small staminodia. Leaves unequally pinnate . . . .82. Petalostyles.
Sepals and petals 4 or 5. Stamens 2, opening in terminal pores. Leaves unequally pinnate or with sessile, digitate leaflets 83. Labichea.
Tribe XIII. Sauhinieae. -Leaves simple or of 2 leaflets or 2-lobcd. Stamens 10 or fewer.
Calyx-lobes or sepals valvate 84. Bauhinia.
Tribe XIV. Amperstiere. — Leaves simply pinnate, occasionally 2-foliolate. Calyx-lobes
free to the disk, or perianth reduced to scales or obsolete. Petals 5 or fewer or none.
Bracteoles present at flowering, opposite, valvate, enclosing the bud until expansion. Posterior petal larger, clawed, the rest minute or none.
Perfect stamens 7, slightly coherent at the base 85. Aizklia.
384
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
Tribe XV. Cynometrex. — Leaves abruptly pinnule. Calyx-lobes free to the disk. Petals none, 1 or 5. Ovules 1 to 4.
Calyx-lobes or sepals imbricate, 4. Petals 5. Stamens 10, regular, with
small anthers. Leaflets 1 or 2 pairs. Pod semiorbicular, turgid . . .86. Cynometra.
Tribe XVI. D im orphan dr eac. — Leaves bipinnate. Flowers small, subregular. ■ Calyx campanulate, 5-fid. Petals 5.
Stamens twice as many as petals. Petals slightly imbricate 87. Erythrophlceum.
Suborder III. MIMOSEyE.
Flowers regular, usually 5-merous (4 to 6). Sepals usually connate in a 5-toothed or lobed calyx. Petals as many as sepals, free or connate, hypogynous or subperigynous, valvate in {estivation. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals or indefinite, free or monadelphous ; anthers minute, dehiscing longitudi- nally. Seeds elliptical or roundish, compressed. Albumen none or sparing. Radicle short, straight. — Shrubs or trees, rarely herbaceous. Leaves bipinnate. Flowers small, sessile, or shortly pedicellate, capitate or spicate.
Tribe XVII. Adenanthereae. — Calyx valvate. Stamens 10 (rarely 5). Anthers with a
deciduous apical gland.
Anthers tipped with a gland.
Pod large, coriaceous or woody, the sutures forming a persistent replum,
the valves falling away in 1-seeded articles. Tall woody climbers . . 88. Entada.
Pod linear, 2-valved. Seeds thick. Flowers pedicellate. Trees . . .89. Adenanthera.
Anthers without any gland. Pod short, flat, falcate or oblique. Lower flowers of the spike often with long, linear, coloured staminodia. Herbs or undershrubs 90. Neptunia.
Tribe XVIII. ESumimosere. —Calyx valvate or setaceous and rudimentary. Stamens 5 or 10 (4 to 8). Anthers glandular ; pollen granular.
Flowers capitate, valves of pod separating from the persistent narrower
suture 91. ‘Mimosa.
Tribe XIX. Acaciere. - Calyx valvate. Stamens indefinite, free or consolidated at base only with disk ; pollen-grains cohering in masses.
Stamens, at least in the hermaphrodite flowers, all free 92. Acacia.
Tribe XX. Xngeae. — Calyx valvate. Stamens indefinite. Filaments united more or less in a tube. Pollen-grains cohering in masses.
Stamens monadelphous.
Pod flat and thin, straight or scarcely falcate 93. Albizzia.
Pod curved or twisted, 2-valved, and often reddish or pulpy inside, or
separating into indehiscent articles 94. Pithecolobium.
Differing only from Pithecolobium in its carpels 95. Archidendron.
1. BRACHYSEMA, R. Br.
(Standard of flower short.)
(Leptosema, Benth.; Kaleniczenkia, Turcz.; Burgesia, F. v. M.)
Calyx-lobes nearly of equal length, the 2 upper ones often united higher up. Standard shorter and narrower than the wings, usually recurved ; wings narrow ; keel usually broader and longer than the wings, incurved. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod ovoid or elongated, turgid, the valves usually coriaceous. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate and simple, or all reduced to small scales. Flowers red, or rarely yellow-green, or almost black, terminal or axillary, solitary or several together, or crowded on short radical scapes, the pedicels usually recurved so that the keel is turned uppermost. Bracteoles none.
The genus is limited to Australia.— Benth.
Bvachysema.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSrE.
835
Sect. Iieptosema. — Stems leafless , except small scales. No inner disk round the ovary.
Stems winged, bearing the flowers at their notch-like nodes. Keel scarcely exceeding the calyx or shorter. Pod ovoid. Flowers solitary. Bracts minute or none. Pod more than twice as long as the calyx.
Wings of the stem 2 or 3 lines broad on each side, striate. Calyx and pod
hairy 1. B. oxylobioides.
Wings of the stem not 1 line broad on each side. Calyx almost and pod quite glabrous 2. B. unifloruin.
1. B. oxylobioides (Oxylobium-like), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 9. Stems apparently several from the same stock, diffuse or suberect, 1ft. or more long., flat, with coriaceous striate wings decending from the rather distant nodes, and about 2 or rarely 8 lines broad, pubescent when young but soon glabrous. Pedicels short, recurved, solitary at the upper nodes or 2 or 3 together in a short raceme. Calyx pubescent or villous, about 4 lines long, deeply lobed, the 2 upper segments united to the middle. Standard shorter than the calyx, the lamina oblong, concave, reflexed ; wings scarcely exceeding the calyx ; keel rather longer and broader. Ovary sessile, very villous, with about 20 crowded ovules; style rather short. Pod ovoid, inflated, acuminate, f to lin. long, hirsute with long spreading hairs. Seeds as in B. aphyllum. — Leptosema oxylobioides, F. v. M. Rep. Burdek. Fxped. 8.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Repulse Bay, A. Cunningham; Port Sinclair, Fitzalan ; Newcastle Range, F. v. Mueller.
There are also specimens in the Hookerian Herbarium, marked Victoria River, Bynoe ; but there may be possibly some mistake. The specific name is unfortunately chosen, as there is no leafless species of Oxylobiurn known, and the flowers are very unlike. — Benth.
2. B. uniflorum (one-flowered), E. Br.; Benth. Flora Austr. ii. 12. Habit of B. oxylobioides, but the wings of the stem very narrow, the whole breadth of the 2 wings rarely exceeding 2 lines, and scarcely striate. Flowers solitary at the nodes, on reflexed pedicels of 3 to 6 lines, rather smaller than in B. oxylobioides, but otherwise similar. Calyx only very slightly silky pubescent. Ovary sessile, slightly villous. Pod ovoid, inflated, nearly lin. long, quite glabrous. Seeds, according to R. Brown’s notes, about 15. — Benth., l.c.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Br.
2. OXYLOBIUM, Andr.
(From oxys sharp, and lobos a pod ; pods sharp-pointed.)
(Callistachys, Vent.; Podolobium, R. Br.)
Calyx-lobes nearly of equal length, the 2 upper ones usually broader and united higher up. Petals clawed. Standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel broader than the wings and about the same length, straight or slightly curved, obtuse. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with several (4 to above 30) ovules, on straight filiform funicles ; style incurved, filiform or thickened towards the base, with a small terminal stigma. Pod sessile or stalked, ovoid or oblong, turgid, continuous inside or rarely with a cellular tissue forming irregular transverse half-dissepiments, or slightly lining the cavity ; valves usually coriaceous. Seeds with or without a strophiole. — Shrubs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves on very short petioles, more or less distinctly verticillate or opposite, occasionally scattered or rarely all alternate, simple, entire or rarely with pungent lobes. Stipules setaceous, sometimes minute or none. Flowers yellow, or the keel and base of the standard, or rarely entirely, purple-red, in terminal or axillary racemes, either loose or contracted into corymbs or whorl-like clusters. Bracts and hracteoles very deciduous. Staminal disk usually very short. Ovary very villous, except in 0. staurophyllum.
The genus is limited to Australia. It differs from Chorizema chiefly in habit and in the proportions of the lower petals ; from Gastrolobiinn only in the number of ovules, 4 or more, not 2 only. — Benth.
336 XLIII. LEGUMINOS-dL [ Oxylobium .
Series I. Callistachys. — Leaves mostly irregularly verticillate. Inflorescence terminal, very dense. Ovules about 8. Strophiole none or minute.
Eacemes short, corymbose. Pod opening to the base. Stipules incon- spicuous. Pod smooth inside 1.0. ellipticum.
Series II. Xiaxiflorae. — Shrubs or procumbent or trailing undershrubs. Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers in loose racemes, or few, axillary. Calyx glabrous or slightly pubescent. Ovules usually 8. Strophiole none.
Stems diffuse, procumbent or trailing Leaves obovate, oval, oblong or
lanceolate, obtuse or mucronulate 2. 0. scandens.
Series III. Podolobiese. — Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers in loose or slender, axillary or terminal racemes. Calyx nearly glabrous. Ovules 4 or very rarely 6. Seeds (where known) not
strophiolate.
Leaves pungent-pointed, entire or lobed. Eacemes mostly axillary.
Leaves lanceolate, entire, rounded or truncate at the base 3. 0. aciculiferum.
Leaves cuneate at the base, usually toothed or with divaricate, pungent lobes.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, toothed or shortly lobed 4. O. trilobatum.
Leaves deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes lanceolate and divaricate . . . 5. O. staurophyllum.
Callistachys linaricefolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 117, is not recognisable from the very short diagnosis given, but is most probably the narrow-leaved variety of 0. ellipticum.
1. O. ellipticum (leaves elliptic), R. Br. in Ait. Hurt. Kew ed. 2, iii. 10; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 16. An erect shrub, low and compact in mountain situa- tions ; tall, often straggling, sometimes above 10ft. high when luxuriant, the branches silky-pubescent or tomentose. Leaves mostly in irregular whorls of 3, from oval-oblong or elliptical, and under lin. long, to oblong-linear, or lanceolate, and 2 or 3in. long, mucronate, the margins recurved or revolute, coriaceous, glabrous and reticulate above, silky-pubescent or villous underneath. Stipules quite incon- spicuous. Racemes densely corymbose, terminal or in the upper axils. Pedicels 1 to 4 lines long. Bracteoles linear, deciduous. Calyx softly villous, 3 lines long or rather more ; lobes as long as the tube, acuminate, the upper ones united much higher up. Standard much longer than the calyx ; wings and keel shorter. Ovary nearly sessile, with 8 to 10 ovules. Pod 4 to 6 lines long, acuminate, very villous, opening to the base, glabrous inside. Seeds without any strophiole. — DC. Prod. ii. 104 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 81 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3249 ; Gompholobium ellipticum, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 106, t. 135 ; Callistachys elliptica, Vent. Jard. Malm, under n. 115 ; Chorizema ellipticum, F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 39; Pleurandra (?) reticulata, Hook. Journ. Bot. i. 245; Oxylobium argenteum , Kunze, in Linnasa, xx. 61 ; 0. Pultenea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1947, not of DC.
Hab.: Southern parts near the border of N. S. Wales.
Var . angustifolium. Leaves long and narrow. I find no other character; the distance of the bracteoles from the calyx is very variable. — O. arborescens, E. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iii. 10 ; DC. Prod. ii. 104 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 163 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 392 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2442 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 81 ; O. pultenece, Paxt. Mag. ix. 149, with a fig., not of DC.; 0. angustifolium, A. Cunn. Herb., erroneously referred in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 70, to 0. obtusifolium, Sweet, a species which I had then mistaken. — Bentli. Hab : Southern parts near border of N.S.W.
2. O. scandens (climbing), Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 70; and FI. Austr. ii. 20. A shrub or undershrub with weak procumbent or half climbing branches, pubescent when young. Leaves mostly opposite, from obovate or ovate-elliptical to ovate- lanceolate or narrow-oblong, obtuse or mucronulate, i\ to 2in. long or rarely more, the margins flat, narrowed at the base, reticulate, glabrous when full grown. Racemes terminal or in the upper axils, loose, with few yellow flowers. Pedicels sometimes as long as the calyx, with two small lanceolate-subulate bracteoles at a distance from the calyx. Calyx under 3 lines long, slightly pubescent with appressed hairs, the lobes broad, acute, about as long as the tube, and nearly equal. Standard about 5 lines diameter ; wings shorter, obovate- oblong ; keel rather smaller, the petals scarcely cohering. Ovary stipitate, with about 8 ovules. Pod very shortly stipitate, about Jin. long, somewhat curved,
Oxylobium. J
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
837
acuminate, turgid, the valves transversely veined, the cellular tissue very scanty or scarcely any. — Chorizema scandens, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 253 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 40 ; Podolobium scandens, DC. Prod. ii. 103 ; Daviesia umbellata, and D. humifusa, Sieb. PI. Exs.; Podolobium humifusum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 116 ; Mirbelia (? ) Baxteri , Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1434 ; Chorizema Baxteri, Grab, in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1830.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidivill ; Moreton Bay, W. Hill; common about Brisbane, flowering from July to December.
Var. obovatum. Leaves all or almost all broadly obovate or orbicular. Podolobium obovatum, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 379. — Hunter River, R. Brown and others. I had long considered this as a distinct species, and had described it from the Paris Herbarium under the name of 0. diffusum, but having now seen a considerable number of specimens from various sources, both in flower and fruit, I find that it only differs from 0. scandens in the breadth of the leaves, and in this respect I have seen several intermediate specimens. — Benth.
3. O. aciculiferum (needle-like point of leaf), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 25. A tall slender shrub ; branches pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, with a fine pungent point, about lin. long, rounded or truncate at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, with transverse reticulate veins, minutely pubescent and at length glabrous underneath. Stipules long and bristle-like, Racemes slender, axillary or terminating short leafy branches, the flowers few and distant. Calyx slightly silky-pubescent, about 2 lines long. Petals fully twice as long. Ovary stipitate, with 4 ovules. Pod not seen. — Podolobium aciculiferum, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 75.
Hab.: Not uncommon south of Brisbane.
4. O. trilobatum (3-lobed), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 25. A shrub of several feet, sometimes almost glabrous, more frequently with pubescent branches. Leaves mostly opposite, from broadly ovate to lanceolate, 1 to 2in. long, with pungent points and bordered by a few distant pungent teeth or lobes, of which 1 or 2 on each side near the base are usually larger than the others, coriaceous, glabrous, shining and reticulate above, pale and sometimes minutely pubescent underneath. Flowers yellow, in loose axillary or terminal racemes, often exceeding the leaves. Calyx slightly pubescent, about 2 lines long, the lobes shorter than the tube, the
2 upper ones united nearly to the top. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx. Ovary stipitate, silky-pubescent, with 4 or rarely 6 ovules. Pod stipitate, oblong,
3 to 4 lines long, straight or incurved, pubescent and turgid as in other Oxylobiums, but much narrower. Seeds not strophiolate. — Pultencea ilicifolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 320 ; Chorizema trilobum, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 253 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 19 ; Podolobium trilobatum, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iii. 9 ; DC. Prod. ii. 103 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1477 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1333.
Hab.: Not uncommon south of Brisbane.
5. O. Staurophyllum (cross-leaved), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 26. A divari- cately-branched glabrous shrub, closely resembling 0. trilobatum, and much better deserving that name. Leaves alternate or opposite, f to l|in. long, with pungent points and a cuneate base, and deeply divided into 3 lanceolate, pungent lobes, the lateral ones divaricate and sometimes again 2-lobed, all coriaceous, shining, and strongly reticulate. Flowers yellow, in loose axillary racemes, rarely exceeding the leaves. Calyx glabrous, about 2 lines long, the lobes shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united, but not so high as in 0. trilobatum. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx. Ovary on a long stipes, nearly glabrous, with 4 ovules. Pod narrow, like that of 0. trilobatum, but glabrous. — Podolobium staurophyllum, DC. Prod. ii. 103 ; Bot. Reg. t. 959; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1177 ; Paxt. Mag. iv. 171, with a fig.
Hab.: In a few southern parts of the colony.
338
XLIII. LEGUMIN0S2E.
3. CHORIZEMA, Labill.
(This name is meant to express that M. Labillardiere and party were ready to dance for joy for having, just at the time of finding the first of this genus, also fallen in with fresh water of which they were in search).
(Orthotropis, Benth.)
Calyx-lobes nearly of equal length, the 2 upper ones usually broader and united higher up. Petals clawed ; standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate, rather longer than the wings ; wings oblong ; keel much shorter than the wings, straight and obtuse or with an erect point, or rarely incurved. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with numerous or rarely 8 to 10 ovules ; style usually short, incurved ; stigma terminal, frequently oblique. Pod ovoid, turgid or compressed, continuous inside. Seeds not strophiolate. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves all alternate (except in C. ericifolium), simple, entire or prickly-toothed. Stipules small, setaceous, sometimes wanting. Flowers usually orange or red, in terminal racemes or rarely axillary. Pedicels short, with 2 small bracteoles, usually deciduous. Ovary villous.
The genus is exclusively Australian. It differs from Oxylobium chiefly in habit and in the short or acuminate keel ; the pod is also usually less turgid. — Benth.
1. C. parviflorum (small flowered), Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mas. ii. 71, and FI. Amtr. ii. 30. An undershrub, with a thick rhizome, and numerous ascending, rather slender, angular, striate stems, of about 1ft., glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves not numerous, linear, and above lin. long, or shorter and oblong, obtuse or mucronate, the margins recurved. Flowers small, on very short pedicels, in rather long, slender, terminal racemes. Calyx 1^ line long, slightly pubescent, the lobes shorter than the tube, the two upper ones broad, truncate and united nearly to the top. Standard very broad, twice as long as the calyx ; wings shorter ; keel much shorter, broad and obtuse. Ovary very shortly stipitate, with about 10 ovules ; style slightly incurved, with a capitate stigma. Pod oblique, often broader than long, very turgid, 3 to 4 lines diameter. — C. pultenea, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 19, but not the synonyms adduced.
Hab.: Keppel Bay. R.Broicn; E. coast, A. Cunningham; Wide Bay, Bidwill, Leichhardt; Stradbroke Island, Fraser ; S. tributaries of Burnett River and Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller. Flowering from June to November.
4. MIRBELIA, Sm.
(After C. F. B. Mirbel.)
(Dichosema, Benth.; Oxycladium, F. v. M.)
Calyx-lobes nearly of equal length, the two upper ones often broader and united higher up. Petals clawed ; standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate or entire, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel broader than the wings, and shorter or rarely of the same length. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or stipitate with 2 or several ovules ; style usually short, incurved, with a terminal capitate stigma. Pod ovoid or oblong, turgid, divided longitudinally into 2 cells by a false dissepiment projecting into the cavity from the lower suture and overlapped by or connate with the projecting placentas. Seeds without any strophiole.- — Shrubs with the habit nearly of Oxylobium or of Chorizema. Leaves opposite verticillate or alternate, simple entire or prickly- toothed. Stipules small, setaceous or none. Flowers yellow, purple-red or blue, solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves, or in axillary or terminal racemes. Bracts and bracteoles small or none. Ovary glabrous or villous. Endocarp of the pod separating from the epicarp in some species, but not in all.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is very nearly allied to Oxylobium, Gastrolobium, and Chorizema, differing chiefly in the remarkable 2-celled pod, the false dissepiment being already more or less apparent in the ovary at the time of flowering. — Benth.
Mirbelia,] XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E. 339
Leaves linear-oblong or narrow-linear, the margins recurved or revolute, entire.
Ovules 2.
Leaves oblong-linear, with recurved margins, mostly verticillate .... 1. M. reticulata.
Leaves narrow-linear, with revolute margins, all alternate 2. 3/. aotoides.
Ovules 8 to 12. Leaves narrow-linear, with revolute margins.
Leaves pungent. Calyx-teeth very short, the upper lip broad and
truncate 3. 3/. pungent.
Leaves obtuse. Calyx-lobes acute, as long as the tube. Ovules about 12.
Pod broadly ovoid 4. M. speciosa.
Branches leafless, spinescent at the end. Ovules 2 ? Pod ovoid or almost
globular, with prominent sutures 5. 3/. oxyclada.
1. M. reticulata (netted), 8m. in Ann. Bot. i. 511, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 265 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 35. A low shrub with slender but rigid angular branches quite glabrous or very minutely pubescent. Leaves mostly verticillate in threes, oblong-linear with short pungent points, £ to fin. long, the margins recurved, glabrous, shining above with raised transverse reticulations, occasionally bordered by small tooth-like glands. Flowers small, bluish-purple, shortly pedicellate in axillary clusters or short terminal corymbose racemes. Calyx minutely pubescent, about li line long, the teeth much shorter than the tube, the two upper ones broad truncate and united nearly to the top. Standard about 4 lines long, slightly emarginate ; wings nearly as long ; keel very short, obtuse. Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous, with 2 ovules. Pod ovoid, acute, rarely above 2 lines long. — Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 119; DC. Prod. ii. 114 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1211 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1371 ; Pultencea rubicefolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 351 ; Mirbelia rubia folia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 126 ; M. anrjusti folia, Grab, in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1838 (from the descr.)
Hab.. Several localities in south Queensland.
2. 1VI. aotoides (Aotus-like), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 53, and Fragm. iv. 11 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 35. A rigid shrub with divaricate terete pubescent branches. Leaves mostly alternate, narrow-linear, obtuse or with a small recurved or straight almost pungent point, the margins closely revolute, rarely above -Jin. long, glabrous or pubescent when young, and often silky under- neath. Flowers (yellow ?) nearly sessile, axillary and almost solitary or in short terminal corymbs. Calyx about 2 lines long, pubescent with minute appressed hairs, the teeth very short, the upper ones truncate and united. Standard very broad, not twice as long as the calyx, the claw short ; wings nearly as long, narrow ; keel rather shorter, obtuse. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with 2 ovules. Pod broadly ovoid, very obtuse, shortly exceeding the calyx, separating into 2 closed hemicarpels, the endocarp remaining attached to the epicarp. Seeds ovoid.
Hab.: Burnett ranges, F. v. Mueller.
3. ]VE. pungens (sharp-pointed), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 126 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 35. A small shrub or undershrub, with ascending stems, often under 1ft. high, the branches rather slender, pubescent. Leaves alternate, narrow-linear, with pungent points and closely revolute margins, under £in. long, glabrous. Flowers (bluish-purple ?) clustered in the upper axils on very short pedicels. Calyx slightly pubescent, rarely exceeding 2 lines and usually shorter, the lobes shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united in a truncate or shortly 2-lobed upper lip. Standard twice as long as the calyx ; keel shorter than the wings but exceeding the calyx, obtuse or with a short erect point. Ovary glabrous or slightly hirsute, with 6 to 10 ovules. Pod ovoid, about 3 lines long, but not seen in a perfect state. — Chorizema Baueri, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 71.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
340
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Mirbelia.
4. m. speciosa (showy), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 115 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 36. An erect shrub of 2 to 3ft., with numerous virgate angulaf branches, slightly hoary-pubescent or glabrous. Leaves scattered or verticillate in threes, narrow-linear, obtuse with a small straight sometimes almost pungent point, ^ to fin. long, the margins closely revolute, glabrous, scarcely reticulate. Flowers bluish-purple, almost sessile in the upper axils, the upper ones forming a terminal interrupted spike leafy at the base. Calyx fully 3 lines long, hoary-pubescent, the lobes acute, as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones united to the middle. Standard twice as long as the calyx, emarginate ; wings nearly as long ; keel very short, obtuse. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with about 12 ovules. Pod thickly ovoid, about 4 or 5 lines long. — Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 53; Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 191.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
The figure of M.Jtoribunda, Paxt. Mag. viii. 103, gives much more the idea of this plant than of the true western M. floribunda.
5. IVE. oxyclada (sharp-pointed branchlets), F. v. M. Fratjm.. iv. 12 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 3 L A rigid leafless shrub, resembling M. daviesioides, but more slender, the branchlets usually spinescent. Leaves replaced by minute scales. Flowers unknown. Fruiting pedicels short, solitary or in pairs along the branches. Pod shortly stipitate, ovoid, turgid, but with prominent sutures and acuminate with the rigid persistent base of the style, 2 to 8 lines long, imperfectly divided into 2 cells by an incomplete dissepiment, the sutures persisting as a replum after the valves have fallen. Seed 1 in each cell, not strophiolate. — Jaeksonia viminalis, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 75; Oxycladium semiseptatum, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 20, and Fragm. i. 168.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in F. v. Mueller’s Cens. Austr. Plants, probably northern.
5. ISOTROPIS, Benth.
(Equally turned, perhaps alluding to the curved parts of flowers.)
Calyx deeply lobed, the 2 upper lobes united nearly to the top. Petals clawed* Standard orbicular, emarginate, longer than the wings ; wings obovate, some- what falcate ; keel incurved, nearly as long as the wings. Stamens free. Ovary sessile, with numerous ovules ; style incurved, filiform, with a minute terminal stigma. Pod oblong linear or lanceolate, acute, more or less turgid. Seeds not strophiolate. — Herbs or undershrubs, with diffuse or ascending stems. Leaves alternate, simple or unifoliolate, herbaceous. Stipules linear-falcate or minute. Flowers solitary, on axillary peduncles, or forming a loose terminal raceme. Ovary villous.
The genus is exclusively Australian. It is closely allied to Oxylobium and Chorizema, differing chiefly in habit, in the deeper-cleft calyx, and in the longer pod. — Benth.
Leaves of 1 leaflet, articulate on the petiole.
Calyx pubescent, 3 lines long. Racemes mostly leaf-opposed, leafless. Stem- leaves lanceolate, acute 1. I. filicaulis.
Calyx pubescent. 2 lines long. Pedicels short, axillary or leaf-opposed.
Stem-leaves linear, flat 2. 7. parviflora.
1. I. filicaulis (stems thread-like), Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 71, and FI. Austr. ii. 40. Stems erect or ascending from a perennial base, often above lft. high, slender, branched and terete, glabrous or pubescent with appressed hairs. Leaves consisting of a single leaflet, articulate on a rather short petiole, linear or lanceolate, acute, 1 to nearly 2in. long, or rarely small and linear- cuneate. Flowers in loose slender racemes, mostly leaf-opposed. Pedicels rather longer than the calyx. Bracteoles minute or none. Calyx nearly
Isotropis.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSvE.
841
3 lines long, pubescent, the lobes lanceolate. Standard very broad, shortly exceeding the calyx, slightly streaked ; wings and keel nearly as long. Ovary nearly sessile, with about 20 ovules. Pod linear, pubescent, often exceeding lin. — ChorizCma LeichharcLtii , F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 20.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay, R. Brou n ; Port Curtis, M‘ Gillivray ; Wide Bay , lliilwill, Leichhardt.
2. I. parviflora (small-flowered), Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 71, and FI. Austr. ii. 40. Very near I. Jilicaulis, and Mr. Bentham says perhaps a variety of that species. Stems slender, decumbent, branched, pubescent. Leaves of a single leaflet, articulate on a rather short petiole. Flowers smaller than in I. jilicaulis in all the specimens seen, on short axillary or leaf opposed pedicels. Calyx pubescent, about 2 lines long. Petals of I. jilicaulis, but smaller. Pod linear, pubescent, about lin. long. — Benth. l.c.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Br. (Benth.)
6. GOMPHOLOBIUM, Sm.
(From gomphos a wedge, and lobos a pod.)
Calyx deeply cleft, the tube very short, the lobes lanceolate, valvate, the 2 upper ones sometimes more falcate or slightly cohering, but not connate. Petals very shortly clawed. Standard orbicular or reniform, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong, more or less falcate ; keel usually broader than the wings, obtuse ; Stamens free. Ovary usually shortly stipitate or nearly sessile ; style incurved, filiform or slightly thickened from the middle upwards ; ovules several, usually 8 or more, rarely 4 or 6, the funicles long and thick, all curved or folded downwards. Pod broadly ovoid or nearly globular, usually oblique, inflated. Seeds small, without any strophiole. — Shrubs or rarely undershrubs, glabrous pubescent or hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves simple or more frequently compound, the leaflets usually narrow, digitate or pinnate with the terminal leaflet sessile between the last pair. Stipules small, lanceolate or subulate, or none. Flowers yellow or red, terminal or rarely in the upper axils, solitary or 2 or 3 together or in short racemes. Bracts and bracteoles small, sometimes minute or none. Ovary glabrous in all except G. Baxteri (a West Australia species), where the style is also exceptionally thickened at the base.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is readily distinguished from all except Burtonia by the calyx and pod, and is separated from that genus by the more numerous ovules, with the regularly- packed funicles all turned downwards. The ovules in both genera are usually scarcely larger than the breadth of the funicle. — Benth.
Pedicels longer than the calyx, solitary or 2 or 3 together in a very loose raceme. Plant glabrous. Leaflets 3, digitate, 1 to 2in. long, the common petiole usually very short. Standard above lin. diameter. Keel densely
fringed 1. G. latifolium.
Pedicels very short or not longer than the calyx, solitary or 2 or 3 together in dense leafy corymbs or heads. Leaflets 3, digitate, above Jin. long, usually flat or recurved. Plant quite glabrous. Calyx 4 or 5 lines.
Standard 6 or 7 lines long 2. G. virgatum.
Leaves pinnate. Leaflets more than 3.
Shrubs, usually diffuse, not viscid. Calyx glabrous.
Leaflets cuneate. Common petiole elongated 3. G. nitidum.
Leaflets narrow-linear. Common petiple elongated 4. G. pinnatum.
(The pinnate-leaved species with only 2 ovules to the ovary are now transferred to Burtonia. — Benth.)
1. G. latifolium (broad-leaved), Sin. in Ann. Bat. i. 505, and ii. 519, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 249, not of Labill.', Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 42. A glabrous shrub, with erect virgate branches. Leaflets 3, on a very short common petiole, linear, linear-lanceolate or linear-cuneate, acute or truncate and mucronate, 1 to 2in. long, the margins flat or slightly recurved, the veins fine and almost longi-
842
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Gompholobium.
tudinal ; stipules inconspicuous. Flowers large, yellow. Peduncles (or leafless flowering branches) solitary in the upper axils, nearly as long as or longer than the leaves, with a pair of small 3-foliolate bracts about the middle, or sometimes growing out into leafy branches with a terminal flower. Calyx h to fin. long. Standard broad, usually above lin. long; lower petals nearly as long; keel incurved, very obtuse, densely fringed on the inner edge with short white woolly hairs. Ovary with about 20 ovules. Pod ovoid, J to fin. long. — G. fimbriatum, Sm. Exot. Bot. t. 58 ; G. psoraleafolium , Salisb. Parad. Loud. t. G ; G. barbigerum, DC. Prod. ii. 105 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4171 ; Paxt. Mag. xiv. 221, with a fig.
Hab.: Many localities in southern Queensland.
Misled by Labillardi&re, most modern botanists have transferred the name of G. latifolium to G. Hueglii.-— Benth.
2. Cr. virgatum (twiggy), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 105 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 45. An erect glabrous shrub. Leaflets 3, the common petiole very short or scarcely any, linear, the margins always recurved, although rarely absolutely revolute, £ to fin. long or rarely none. Flowers yellow, terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together, the pedicels rarely so long as the calyx. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long. Standard 6 to 7 lines ; keel shorter, not fringed. Ovary with about 8 ovules. Pod about as long as the calyx.— Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 97.
Hab.: Sandy Cape, Ii. Brown ; islands of Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller.
3. G. nitidum (shining), Soland. in Herb. Banks. ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 48. A much-branched, glabrous shrub. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of about ^in. ; leaflets usually about 7 to 11, oblong-cuneate or almost obovate, emarginate, 4 to 6 lines long, dark and shining above, glaucous underneath. Flowers terminal, solitary, rather large, on very short pedicels. Calyx glabrous, fully 5 lines long, the lobes of a thickish consistence and not separated so low down as in other species. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx, the keel not ciliate. Ovules (from R. Brown’s notes) 4. Pod sessile, shorter than the calyx. — -DC. Prod. ii. 106.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, R. Brown (Herb. Banks and R. Br.) — Benth.
4. Cr. pinnatum (pinnate), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 251; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 48. A glabrous undershrub, with slender but rigid ascending or erect stems of 1ft. or rather more, simple or little branched, and usually flexuouse. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets few in the lower leaves, on a short common petiole, often above 30 in the upper ones, with a common petiole of above lin., linear or almost subulate, 4 to 8 lines long, mucronate or acute, the margins revolute. Flowers few, in short, loose, terminal racemes, or rarely solitary, the pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx about 3 lines long. Standard very broad, rather longer than the calyx, and the lower petals nearly as long. Ovary usually with 8 ovules. Pod ovoid-globular, rather longer than the calyx. — DC. Prod. ii. 10G.
Hab.: Sandy Cape, R. Brown ; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Wide Bay, Bid will ; Brisbane River and Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller.
7. BURTONIA, R. Br.
(After D. Burton.)
Calyx deeply cleft, the lobes longer than the tube, lanceolate, valvate, the 2 upper ones often broader or more obtuse, but not connate. Petals very shortly clawed ; standard orbicular or reniform, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong or obovate, more or less falcate ; keel usually broader than the wings, obtuse. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate ; style incurved, more or less dilated towards the base ; ovules 2, the funicles long and thick, one curved or folded upwards, the other downwards. Pod broadly ovoid or nearly globular, usually oblique, inflated. Seeds small, without any strophiole. — Shrubs or rarely
Burtonia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
843
undershrubs, glabrous or hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves simple or compound, digitate, or pinnate with the terminal leaflet sessile between the last pair. Stipules minute or none. Flowers yellow, orange-red, or bluish-purple, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves or forming terminal racemes. Bracts small ; bracteoles also small, usually below the middle of the pedicel. Ovary glabrous or villous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is closely allied to Gompholobium, with the same diversity of foliage, valvate calyx, etc.; differing chiefly in the ovules, always 2 only, with the funicles very long and thick, as in Gompholobium, but one always curved or folded upwards, the other downwards, not all downwards as in that genus. The style is also much thicker at the base. — Benth.
Leaves pinnate. Racemes terminal. Plant glabrous. Racemes 1 to 3-flowered.
Leaflets few, subulate 1. if. subulata.
Leaflets numerous, very small, obovate or obcordate 2. B.foliolosa,
1. B. subulata (awl-shaped), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 50. An erect, glabrous shrub, of 1 to 2ft. with slender, rigid branches. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of 3 or 4 lines ; leaflets 5, 7 or rarely 9, linear-subulate, with revolute margins, mucronulate, f to fin. long. Flowers few, in very short, terminal, almost corymbose racemes, or often quite solitary ; pedicels usually longer than the calyx. Calyx glabrous, about 4 lines long. Petals nearly equal in length, slightly exceeding the calyx. Style more slender than in most Burtonias, yet somewhat dilated at the base. Pod compressed globular, scarcely exceeding the calyx. — Gompholobium subulatum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 72 ; G. steno- phyllum, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 30.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Br. (Benth. l.e.)
2. 2. foliolosa (leaflets numerous), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 50. An elegant little shrub, quite glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with slender terete branches. Leaves pinnate, the common petiole rarely above fin. long. Leaflets 11 to 21 or even more, obovate or obcordate, very obtuse, 1 to If line long. Flowers small, few together, in loose, terminal, almost corymbose racemes, the pedicels rather longer than the calyx. Calyx nearly 2 lines long, less deeply divided than in most other species, although the lobes are longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones more obtuse. Standard at least half as long again as the calyx ; wings and keel shorter. Ovary sessile, glabrous ; style slightly flattened towards the base. Pod not seen. — Gompholobium foliolosum, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 848.
Hab.: Sandy forests, Warrego River, Mitchell ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt.
8. JACKSONIA, R. Br.
(After G. Jackson.)
(Piptomeris, Turcz.)
Calyx deeply cleft, the tube usually very short, lobes valvate, the 2 upper ones broader, sometimes falcate, rarely connate. Petals shorter than the calyx or rarely exceeding it, nearly equal in length, the claws very short ; standard orbicular or reniform, usually emarginate ; wings oblong ; keel nearly straight, obtuse, broader than the wings. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or stipitate ; style subulate, incurved, with a minute terminal stigma; ovules 2 (except in J . piptomeris, of West Australia), attached by short funicles. Pod sessile or stipitate, ovate or oblong, flat or turgid. Seeds usually solitary, without any strophiole. — Shrubs or undershrubs, rigid and leafless, or rarely with a very few 1-foliolate leaves; branches rigid, terete, angular or winged, the branchlets often phyllodineous or leaf-like, flat or terete or angular, very much branched and spinescent. Leaves replaced by very minute scales at the nodes. Flowers yellow or with an admixture of purple,
Part II, c
344
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Jacksonia.
either in terminal or lateral racemes or spikes, or scattered along the branches. Bracts small and scale-like. Bracteoles small, deciduous or persistent. Ovary villous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is allied to Gompholobium and Burtonia in the deeply- lobed valvate calyx, but very different in habit, in the short slender funieles of the ovules, in the pod, <fec. In the two species (J. vernicosa and J. thesioides) where the calyx-tube is longer in proportion to the lobes, it is lined, at least halfway up, by the staminal disk. — Benth.
Series I. Phyllodineae. — Phyllodineous branchlets flat, rigidly coriaceous, toothed or lobed,
often prickly.
Flowers in racemes or spikes terminating the phyllodia 1 . J. dilatata.
Series II. Ramosissimse. — Subphyllodineous branchlets crowded, linear, angular-striate, with projecting tooth like nodes.
Flowers in dense terminal spikes. Calyx very hirsute 2. J. odontoclada.
Flowers in short terminal racemes. Calyx sparingly silky-pubescent . . . 3 . J. ramosissima.
Series III. Scoparise. — Flowering branches virgate or rush-like without pungent branchlets. Barren stems or branches usually similar, although occasionally, in the loicer part of the stem,
much-branched flexuose or pungent.
Calyx-tube half as long as the lobes or longer, turbinate, 10-nerved.
Calyx 4 lines long, the tube half as long as the lobes 4 . J. vernicosa.
Slightly spinescent, branches slender, sulcate. Flowers dark-purple . . 5. J. rhadinoclona.
Calyx 2 lines long, the tube nearly as long as the lobes 6. J. thesioides.
Calyx-tube very short, without prominent nerves. Calyx-lobes deciduous.
Buds not angular.
Branches flat or angular. Pod on a long stipes about §in. long.
Flowers racemose. Calyx 2£ to 3 lines long 7. J. scoparia.
Plant procumbent. Branches thin. Flowers in pairs. Calyx silvery-silky. 8. J. Stackhousii.
Branches angular. Calyx 2-bracteolate. Flower purplish or bluish, the
upper lip deeply divided 9 . J. purpurascens.
1. J. dilatata (expanded), Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 74, and FI. Austr. ii. 54. An erect shrub, silky-pubescent or tomentose, or at length more or less glabrous, more or less rust-coloured under the inflorescence. Branchlets leaf- like, flat, lanceolate, 2 to 4in. long, the nodes forming tooth-like notches on the edges with an arched nerve from the midrib to each node. Flowers sessile in oblong spikes or heads at the ends of some of the leaf-like branchlets, which taper more to the end than the barren ones. Bracts ovate, scale-like, 1 to line long, bracteoles often longer and lanceolate, all very deciduous. Calyx villous, about 3 lines long. Standard about as long as the calyx, lower petals shorter. Ovary very shortly stipitate. Pod ovate, silky, shorter than the calyx, containing one black seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; towards Lake Nash, M. Costello.
2. J. odontoclada (the branches appearing toothed), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 55. Pubescent or villous, with short loose hairs and densely branched. Barren branchlets short, crowded, linear, angular or somewhat flattened, the minute scales confluent, with tooth-like projections at the nodes. Flowers sessile, or nearly so, in dense terminal spikes or heads. Bracteoles lanceolate, adnate to the base of the calyx, and longer than its tube. Calyx densely hirsute, 4 to nearly 5 lines long, the tube under 1 line, the 2 upper lobes often connate to the middle. Petals shorter than the calyx ; keel shortly acuminate, broader than the wings and longer than the standard. Ovary sessile. Young pod densely villous, turgid, but not seen ripe.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller.
3. J. ramosissima (very branchy), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 258 and FI. Austr. ii. 56. Shrub scarcely more than 3ft. high, glabrous, very densely branched. Barren branchlets crowded, linear, angular or somewhat flattened, the small scales at the nodes often rigid and spreading. Flowers in short terminal
Jacksonia .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
345
racemes, on pedicels scarcely exceeding the subtending scales. Braeteoles ovate, adnate to the base of the calyx and often as long as its tube. Calyx sparingly pubescent, about 4 lines long, membranous, the 2 upper lobes broader, falcate and often cohering above the middle. Petals shorter than the calyx. Ovary sessile. Pod ovoid-oblong, acuminate, hirsute, shorter than the calyx.
Hab.: Sutton River, F. v. Mueller; Belyando River, Mitchell; Bowen, E. Fitzalan ; Cape River, R. Daintree.
4. J. vernicosa (varnished), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 58. Shrub 8ft. high, branches very numerous, slender, striate, but scarcely angled, usually glabrous, the young shoots apparently somewhat glutinous. Flowers not numerous, in terminal racemes, on very short pedicels. Braeteoles minute, adnate to the base of the calyx. Calyx 4 lines long, slightly pubescent, the lobes not twice as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones broader and falcate, the tube campanulate, 10-ribbed, lined nearly to the top by the staminal disk. Petals shorter than the calyx. Ovary sessile, short, tapering into' the style. Pod sessile, villous, turgid, shorter than the calyx, but exposed, owing to the calyx- lobes being reflexed or deciduous.
Hub.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller.
5. J. rhadinoclona (shoots slender), F. v. M. Cens. Austr. PI. Shrub, often slightly spinescent, the branches slender, sulcate, nearly terete, minutely silky. Flowers dark-purple, spicate. Braeteoles persistent. Calyx short, silky- hairy, persistent. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx, wings shorter. Style short, glabrous, deciduous. Pod ovate, turgid, silky-hairy, shortly stipitate. — Moore’s FI. N.S.W. 182.
I have never seen specimens of this plant, and Baron Mueller only briefly referred to it in Fragm. x. 37.
Hab.: Thomson River, Birch (F. v. M., l.c.)
6. J. thesioides (Thesium-like), A. Gunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 74, and FI. Austr. ii. 59. A tall shrub, with the habit of J. scoparia. Branches numerous, elongated, not spinescent, with 2 or 3 very prominent angles, minutely silky-hoary or quite glabrous. Flowers yellow, smaller than in J. scoparia, sessile or shortly pedicellate in terminal one-sided racemes. Braeteoles minute, just below the calyx. Calyx about 2 lines long, minutely silky-hoary, the lobes a little longer than the tube, which is 10-nerved and lined at least half-way up by the staminal disk. Standard and wings about as long as the calyx ; keel a little shorter. Ovary sessile, tapering into a short style. Pod oblong, somewhat incurved, turgid, 2 to 2\ lines long.
Hab.: Prince of Wales’ Island, Thursday Island, <fcc. ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham, W. Hill; Cape Flinders, A. Cunningham; Lizard Island, MlGillivray. Flowering in June.
7. J. scoparia (broom-like), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Few ed. 2, iii. 13 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 59. Dogwood ; “ Mamboo,” Bundaberg, Keys. A tall shrub or small tree, usually entirely leafless, but occasionally the young plants or the base of the branches have a few petiolate, oblong or oval-elliptical, herbaceous leaves, f to 2in. long. Branches numerous, erect or pendulous, elongated, not spinescent, angular, glabrous or minutely hoary-pubescent. Flowers yellow, in one-sided racemes, either terminal or from the upper nodes. Pedicels rarely as long as the calyx, without braeteoles. Calyx membranous, minutely silky-hoary, 2i to 3 lines long, divided nearly to the base. Standard rather longer than the calyx, lower petals rather shorter. Ovary stipitate. Pod flat, oblong, usually 4 to 6 lines long, on a stipes of 1 to 2 lines, tipped by the persistent style. — DC.
346
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Jacksonia.
Prod. ii. 107; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 427; <7. macrocarpa, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 74 (the filaments erroneously described as toothed) ; Viminaria lateriflora, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 403 ; DC. Prod. ii. 107 (from the short description given).
Hab.: Sandy Cape, Broadsound, It. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller ; Barcoo River, Mitchell ; Brisbane River and Moreton Bay islands, F. v. Mueller ; Pine River, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Dallachy. Flowering in September.
Wood yellowish, brown towards the centre. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 113.
In some localities these shrubs are much infested by Raestelia polita.
8. J, Stackhousii (after Captain Stackhouse, R.N.), F. v. M. I'roc. L.S. N.S.W. vi. 791. Plant dwarf, procumbent or ascendent, not pungent. Branches very thin, finely or scantily silky, gradually glabrescent, slightly furrowed. Flowers in pairs along the upper part of the branches. Calyx silvery-silky, slightly longer than broad, very angular from the prominent edges of the lobes ; upper lip divided only to about one-tliird of its length into 2 deltoid teeth ; lower lip slit to the base into 3 ovate-lanceolate segments ; tube suddenly narrowed, three times shorter than the segments. Petals equally yellow, all of about the same length. Ovary sessile. Pod shorter than the calyx, almost ovate, com- pressed, silky outside, nearly smooth inside. Seeds 1 or 2, grey, minutely blackish-dotted. In habit and ramification similar to J. angulata, a West Australian species ; in the deeply divided upper lip of calyx it approaches J. odontoclada. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in F. v. M. Census of Austr. PI.
9. J. purpurascens (purplish), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 161. A shrub of about 4ft., very much branched. Branches angular, hoary-silky, at length almost glabrescent. Flowers on short pedicels, almost racemose. Bracts minute, lanceolate-subulate. Calyx bibracteolate, slightly silky outside, the lobes scarcely over 1 line long. Petals purplish or bluish ; standard about 2 lines, 3-lobed, wings obtuse, keel petals somewhat acute. Ovary 2-ovulate. Pod 2 lines long. Seeds slightly kidney-shaped, about 1J line long, smooth, brown, exalbuminous.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.)
9. SPHvEROLOBIUM, Sm.
(From sphaira, a sphere, and lulus, a pod — form of pod.)
(Roea, Huey.)
Calyx-lobes imbricate, the two upper ones larger, falcate, united into an upper lip. Petals with short claws ; standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate ; wings rather shorter, oblong, usually falcate ; keel longer or rather shorter than the wings, straight or curved. Stamens free. Ovary stipitate ; style much incurved, subulate or dilated at the base, usually with a longitudinal membrane or a ring of hairs under the stigma ; ovules 2, with short thick funicles. Pod small, stipitate, oblique, globular or compressed. Seeds 1 or 2, not stropliiolate. — Glabrous shrubs or undershrubs, with rush-like stems, often leafless. Leaves, when present, narrow, entire, alternate or irregularly opposite or whorled. Flowers yellow or red, in terminal racemes or in lateral racemes or clusters. Filaments of the outer stamens often somewhat dilated below the middle. Ovary always glabrous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is readily known by its habit, by the small stipitate nearly globular pod, and, in the Queensland and many other species, by the appendages of the style. — Benth. (in part).
1. S. vimineum (twiggy), Sm. in Ann. But. i. 509, and in 'Frans. Linn. Sue. ix. 261 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 65. Stems ascending or erect, from a few inches to above 2ft. high, with slender, terete, wiry branches, all leafless or the barren
Spharolobium.]
XLI1I. LEGUMINOSdE.
347
branches bearing a few scattered linear or narrow-lanceolate leaves, rarely exceed- ing Jin. in length. Flowers numerous, usually clustered two or three together along the smaller branches, forming dense or interrupted terminal racemes. Pedicels very short. Calyx l\ to nearly 2 lines long, the tube about as long as the upper lip. Petals about twice as long as the calyx ; keel somewhat incurved, very obtuse, as long as the wings. Style much curved from near the base, with a long narrow wing along the inner edge. Pod scarcely 2 lines diameter. — Bot. Mag. t. 969 ; DC. Prod. ii. 108 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1753 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 84 ; S. minus, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 108, t. 138.
Hab.: Swampy land, south Queensland.
10. VIMINARIA, Sm.
(Branches broom-like, twiggy.)
Calyx-teeth short, equal. Petals on rather long claws. Standard- orbicular ; wings oblong, shorter than the standard ; keel slightly curved, about as long as the wings. Stamens free. Ovary nearly sessile ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma ; ovules 2, with short funicles. Pod sessile, ovoid-oblong, usually indehiscent, the pericarp thickly membranous. Seed usually solitary, filling the cavity, with a very small annular strophiole.- — Shrub, with rush-like stems. Leaves alternate, mostly reduced to a long filiform petiole. Flowers small, in terminal racemes.
The genus is limited to a single species, with the flowers nearly of a Daviesia, but very distinct in the fruit, which is almost that of a Melilotus. — Benth.
1. V. denudata (leaves wanting), Sm. Exot. Bot. 51, t. 27, and in Ann. Bot. i. 507, and Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 261 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 68. A glabrous shrub, sometimes erect, attaining 10 to 20ft., with long, wiry, pendulous branches, more rarely low and decumbent. Leaves reduced to filiform petioles, of from 3 to 8 or even 9in., the lower ones or those of luxuriant branches occasionally bearing at the extremity 1 to 3 oval-oblong or lanceolate, herbaceous leaflets, of J to ljin. Flowers small, orange-yellow, in long terminal Kacemes. Pedicels rarely as long as the calyx, in the axils of small scale- like bracts, without bracteoles. Calyx nearly 2 lines long, including the short, turbinate, disk-bearing base. Petals about twice as long. Pod 2 to 3 lines long. Albumen rather thicker than in the other Podalyriece where it has been observed. — DC. Prod. ii. 107 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1190; Meissn. in PL Preiss. i. 57 ; Paxt. Mag. xiv. 123, with a fig.; Sophora juncea, Schrad. Sert. Hannov. t. 3 ; Pultencea juncea, Willd. Spec. ii. 506 ; Daviesia denudata, Vent. Choix, t. 6 ; D. juncea, Pers. Syn. i. 454, not of Sm.
Hab.: Fraser’s Island, Miss Lovell.
11. DAVIESIA, Sm.
(After the Rev. H. Davies, F.L.S., a Welsh botanist.)
Calyx-teeth short, either all equal or the 2 upper ones united in a truncate upper lip, the disk-bearing base either shortly turbinate or elongated and stalk- like. Petals on a slender claw ; standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate ; wings falcate-oblong or obovate, not longer than the standard ; keel more or less incurved, obtuse or almost acute, not exceeding the wings. Stamens free, the 5 outer filaments often flattened and sometimes cohering in a tube, although readily separable. Ovary shortly stipitate, tapering into a subulate style, with a small terminal stigma ; ovules 2, with short funicles. Pod nearly sessile or stipitate, more or less flattened, acute, triangular, the upper suture nearly straight, the dorsal or lower suture much curved, forming almost a right angle. Seeds solitary or rarely 2, with a rather large strophiole. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, coriaceous or rigid, either flat and horizontal or
348
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[Daviesia.
vertical, or terete and spinescent, sometimes decurrent along the stem, or reduced to short prickles or teeth, or entirely wanting. Stipules none or very minute. Flowers usually small, yellow, orange, or red, in axillary or lateral racemes or pedunculate umbels, occasionally reduced to short clusters or rarely solitary or terminal. Bracts at the base of the racemes small, dry and scale-like, those under the pedicels similar or a few of them, in a few species, much enlarged over the fruit. Bracteoles none. Ovary glabrous.
The genus is limited to Australia. The short calyx-teeth usually distinguish it from almost all Podalyriea except Viminaria and Latrobea (a West Australian genus), but cannot be absolutely relied upon ; the pod, however, is quite peculiar. It is also in most cases readily known by the habit, and is indeed so natural that, numerous as are the species, I have been unable to distribute them into distinct sections. The following series are founded chiefly on the foliage and on the degree of development of the inflorescence. Some species of this genus, when not in flower, have been occasionally mistaken for phyllodineous Acacias.— Benth.
Series I. Umbellatae. — Flowers umbellate, at the ends of the peduncles. Bracts all small and not enlarging. Leaves flat, horizontal, usually small, rigid, with pungent points.
(D. umbellulata and D. corymbosa, amongst the Bacemosce. have the flowers occasionally
almost umbellate.)
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, tapering into a pungent point 1. D. concinna.
Leaves linear, 6 to 12in. long. Peduncles 1 to 3 in the axils of the leaves of
the upper branches. Umbels bearing about 5 flowers 2 . D. Wyattiana.
Series II. Racemosae. — Flowers racemose, the common rliachis elongated, either flowering from the base or the pedicels crowded towards the end. Bracts small. Leaves flat, horizontal.
Leaves (under lin.) linear or linear-lanceolate, pungent, not reticulate.
Racemes flowering above the middle. Bracts very small 3 . D. umbellulata.
Leaves narrow, elongated, the lower ones rarely ovate-oblong, not pungent.
Branches slightly angular. Flowers numerous. Calyx 1 to 1J line long.
Flowering branches all leafy, never spinescent 4. D. corymbosa.
Tree. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4in. long. Racemes numerous. Calyx-
teeth ciliate 5. D. arbor ea.
Series III. Fasciculatae. — Flowers in axillary clusters or very short racemes. Leaves flat,
horizontal, pungent-pointed .
Leaves under Jin. long, oval or oval-oblong, not reticulate, straight-pointed.
Calyx with a truncate upper lip. Branches hirsute 6. D. filipes.
Leaves under lin. long, cordate-ovate, lanceolate or linear. Calyx 5-toothed Branches not spinescent.
Leaves cordate or ovate, much acuminate, usually under Jin. long.
Pedicels filiform 7. D. squarrosa.
Leaves linear, with revolute margins, about lin. long. Pedicels very
short 9. D. acicularis.
Branches spinescent. Leaves ovate, lanceolate or linear, pungent-pointed,
but scarcely acuminate 8. D. ulicina.
Series IV. Teretifoliae. — Leaves terete or slightly compressed or rarely vertically dilated towards the top, at length articulate on the stem, usually short or pungent-pointed. L lowers solitary, clustered, or rarely racemose.
Leaves divaricate, very pungent. Upper calyx-teeth truncate. Filaments
slender. Bracts very small. Keel not much covered, obtuse . . . . 10. D. genistifolia.
1. D. concinna (neat), R. Br. Herb.; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 75. Branches elongated, slender, slightly angular-pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate- cordate, tapering into a pungent point, not exceeding Jin., almost veinless except the midrib. Flowers small, in umbels of 8 or 4, on a common peduncle about as long as the leaves. Bracts very small. Pedicels slender, 2 to 4 lines long. Calyx about 1 line long. Petals and pod of D. umbellulata, from which the species differs chiefly in the broad, less coriaceous leaves and more umbellate inflorescence.
Hab.: Rock Hills, Pine Port, R. Brown.
2. D. Wyattiana (after Dr. William Wyatt, of South Australia), Bail., Papers Gardeners’ Soc. S. Austr. A tall, erect, glabrous shrub of from 5 to 10ft., branches acutely triangular, the faces striated. Leaves linear, 6 to 12in. long, 2 or 8 lines broad, tapering towards the base, where the midrib is prominent on
Pl.X III.
ffvvflitho Office
■Brisbane* 0.
Dcoviesia/ WyaJli cuxcu, Bail*
T C Wills
Dai'iesia .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
349
both sides, veins very oblique, almost parallel, reticulations forming oblong areoles. Peduncles 1 to 3 in the axils of the upper branches, about 8 lines long, each bearing an umbel of usually 5 pedicellate flowers. Bracts 3 or 4 obtuse small ones on the lower half of the peduncle and an involucre of similar ones close under the pedicels. Pedicels about 6 lines long, articulate just below the calyx. Calyx 2 lines long, teeth nearly equal, slightly pubescent inside. Standard flabelliform, emarginate, yellow with purple centre, about 3 lines wide ; wings nearly as long as standard ; keel shorter, yellowish, purple at the tip. Pod flat, about 5 lines long. Seeds usually solitary, oblong, mottled, with large strophiole.
Hab.: Eight-mile Plains. In flower September
3. D. umbellulata (umbellulate), Sw. in Ann. Hot. i. 507, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 258; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 75. A slender much-branched shrub, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the branches sulcate. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, f to fin. long, rigid with a pungent point, 1 -nerved, flat, not reticulate. Racemes in some specimens shorter than the leaves, in others twice as long, flowering from the middle upwards or at the end only. Pedicels usually 2 to 3 lines. Bracts about f line long. Calyx about 1 line long, the teeth short and obtuse, the two upper ones broad, truncate and united nearly to the top. Petals twice as long as the calyx. Pod about 5 lines long. — D. racemulosa, DC. Prod. ii. 114 (from the character given).
Hab.: Peel Island, Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Cunningham; Wide Bay, Bidwill.
4. D. corymbosa (flowers in corymbs), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 507, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 258 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 76. A glabrous shrub of 2 to 4 or 5ft., the branches slightly angular. Leaves usually lanceolate or linear, rarely broader and oblong, with a short callous point or rarely quite obtuse, If to 3in. long or sometimes almost 4in., rigid, 1 -nerved, and when broad more or less reticulate. Racemes usually shorter than the leaves, and flowering from above the middle or from the end only, with long slender pedicels, the bracts small, obovate, spi’eading under the pedicels, with numerous others crowded at the base of the peduncle without flowers, but occasionally the racemes flower more regularly from below the middle. Calyx about 1 line long, the teeth short, the 2 upper ones broad, truncate, and united. Standard three times as long as the calyx; keel rather shorter. Pod nearly fin. long. — DC. Prod. ii. 113; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 611 ; D. mimosoides, Bot. Mag. t. 1957 ; D. glauca, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 43 (from the figure); D. macrophylla, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 15 (a luxuriant garden specimen with the lower leaves broad, above 4in. long).
Var. mimosoides. Leaves usually narrow, with more pinnate and less reticulate veins. Flowers smaller, the racemes flowering from below the middle ; bracts smaller and less spreading. — D. mimosoides, B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iii. 20 ; DC. Prod. ii. 114. D. virgata, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3196. D. linearis, Lodd. Bot Cab. t. 1615. D. leptophylla, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 125. — This appears to be the most common form over the whole range, from Queensland to S. Australia. The original D. corymbosa is probably limited to Port Jackson and the Blue Mountains, N.S.W. I). virgata, linearis, and leptophylla represent a remarkably narrow-leaved form, which appears, however, in our numerous specimens to pass very gradually into the common mimosoides variety. — Benth. (in part).
Hab.: Between Stanthorpe and the border of N. S. Wales most of the forms may be met with ; also a long-leaved form has been received from Mrs. K. W. Garraway, Palmer Biver.
5. D. arborea (a tree), IP. Hill, in Cat. of Woods sent to Melb. Inter. Kxhih. , 1880. A medium-sized tree, with a dark rugged bark ; branchlets slender, angular. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4in. long and about fin. broad. The apex glandular pointed, 1-nerved and prominently reticulate. Racemes numerous,
350
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Daviesia.
often 2 in an axil, about lin. long, bearing 8 or 9 golden-coloured flowers on long slender pedicels ; bracts minute ; calyx about 1 line long, with ciliate teeth ; petals with dark markings, the standard about 3 lines long; pod small.
Hab.: District of the Logan River.
In general appearance this tree resembles one of the narrow-leaved Wattles. The above specific name seems first to have been attached to it by Mr. Walter Hill; it was afterwards noticed by the late Rev. B. Scortechini. There is little, however, except size, to separate it from D. corymbosa, Sm.
Wood of a pinkish colour, with numerous reddish longitudinal streaks, and beautifully mottled, fragrance peculiarly agreeable; a strong, useful cabinet wood. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 114.
6. D. filipes (pedicels thread-like), Bentli. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 363, and FI. Austr. ii. 80. Branches slender, terete, virgate, softly hirsute as well as the leaves. Leaves oblong or oval-oblong, shortly pungent-pointed, under fin. long, veinless except the midrib. Flowers solitary or 2 together, on filiform pedicels about as long as the leaves. Bracts very small. Calyx If to If line long, the turbinate base rather short, the teeth short, the 2 upper ones broad, truncate, and united. Standard twice as long as the calyx ; keel rather shorter, incurved, obtuse. Pod only seen young.
Hab.: On the Maranoa River, Mitchell.
7. D. squarrosa (squarrose), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 507, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 257 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 80. A glabrous or pubescent shrub, with slender terete or slightly angular branches. Leaves numerous, sessile, spreading or reflexed, cordate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a pungent point, mostly 3 to 4 lines long, veinless except the prominent midrib. Flowers small, solitary or 2 together, on pedicels of 2 to 3 lines, with a few minute bracts at their base. Calyx about 1 line long, the turbinate base very short, the teeth rather short, the 2 upper ones broader and shortly united, but not forming a truncate upper lip. Standard twice as long as the calyx ; keel rather shorter, much incurved, obtuse. Pod about 5 lines long. — DC. Prod. ii. 114.
Var. villifera. Branches and younger leaves pubescent or villous. — D. villifera, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 76.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, and others. Flowering in September.
8. D. ulicina (Furze-like), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 506, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 256 ; Benth. Ft. Austr. ii. 81. A rigid, bushy shrub, attaining sometimes several feet, the branches more or less angular, the smaller ones generally ending in short thorns, glabrous or hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves from broadly- ovate to lanceolate or linear, ending in a pungent point, usually under fin., but occasionally attaining lin. when narrow and luxuriant, very rigid, veinless, except the midrib. Flowers solitary or clustered or rarely in umbels of 3 or 4, on a short common peduncle. Bracts very small. Pedicels short. Calyx 1 to If line long, the turbinate base very short, the 2 upper teeth rather broader than the others, but scarcely united at the base. Standard very broad, more than twice as long as the calyx ; keel shorter, much incurved, obtuse. Pod 4 to 5 lines long. — DC. Prod. ii. 114 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 44 ; Paxt. Mag. iv. 29, with a fig.; D. ulicifolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 304 ; I). umbellulata, DC. Prod. ii. 114 (partly) ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 82, not of Sm.; D. genistoides, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1552.
Hab.: Moreton Bay and Burnett River, F. v. Mueller ; Stradbroke Island, Bailey.
Var. angustifolia. Glabrous. Leaves linear, but flat, not terete nor laterally compressed, as in D. genistifolia, and the calyx quite that of D. ulicina. Hab.: Southern parts of the colony.
9. D. acicularis (needle-like), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 506, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 255 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 81. An erect shrub, with virgate branches, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves crowded, linear, pungent-pointed, mostly about lin. long, the margins revolute, the midrib conspicuous at the base only. Flowers
Davie si a.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
351
solitary or clustered, the pedicels very short. Calyx \\ to nearly 2 lines long, the turbinate base very short, the 5 teeth nearly equal, lanceolate, and scarcely shorter than the tube. Standard twice as long as the calyx ; keel shorter, obtuse. Pod 4 to 5 lines long, acuminate. — DC. Prod. ii. 114 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2679 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1234 (leaves much less crowded, but probably the same species).
Hab.: Parts of the colony.
10. X). genistifolia (broom-leaved), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 75 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 82. A glabrous shrub, with slender, slightly sulcate branches. Leaves linear-terete or very slightly laterally compressed, divaricate, pungent-pointed, mostly \ to lin. long, smooth or sulcate. Pedicels slender, 1| to 2 lines long, in clusters or exceedingly short racemes. Bracts small, obovate. Calyx 1£ line long, including the narrow, almost stalk-like, turbinate base ; the teeth very short, the 2 upper ones broad, truncate, and united. Petals twice as long as the calyx, of nearly equal length, the keel obtuse. Pod about 4 .lines long.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fraser, and many other southern localities.
12. AOTUS, Sm.
(From a, without, and ous, an ear; calyx having no bracts at its base.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes broader and more or less united in an upper lip. Petals rather long-clawed ; standard nearly orbicular, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel incurved. Stamens free, ovary sessile or stipitate, with 2 ovules on short straight funicles ; style filiform, with a minute terminal stigma. Pod ovate, flat or turgid, 2-valved. Seed reniform, without any strophiole (Ql. species). — Shrubs, with branches often virgate. Leaves simple, scattered or ternately whorled, the margins recurved or revolute. Stipules none. Flowers in axillary clusters, often in threes, on short pedicels, or rarely in short terminal racemes. Bracts small and very deciduous ; bracteoles none. Ovary villous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It differs from Pultenaa chiefly in the want of stipules and bracteoles, and in most cases in the want of any strophiole to the seeds. It is, in most cases, readily distinguished from Dillwynia by the recurved, not incurved, margins of the leaves, independently of the seeds. — Benth.
Leaves scattered or imperfectly whorled, narrow, with much revolute margins.
Calyx usually above 1J line long.
Leaves linear, obtuse or with recurved points. Keel purple.
Calyx under 2 lines, the upper lobes falcate or truncate, united above the middle. Plant tomentose, hoary or nearly glabrous. Seeds not
strophiolate 1 A. villosa.
Calyx nearly 2 lines, the lobes nearly equal. Leaves softly tomentose . . 2 .A. mollis.
Leaves mostly lanceolate and almost acute. Branches villous. Flowers
large. Keel yellow. Ovary stipitate 3 A. lanigera.
1. A. villosa (hairy), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 504, and in Trans. Lin. Soc. ix. 249 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 90. A bushy heath-like shrub, the branches terete, often long and virgate, usually densely tomentose or softly villous, rarely hoary or almost glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear or rarely oblong, obtuse or with recurved points, 3 to 6 lines long, the margins closely revolute, glabrous or pubescent above when young, the under surface pubescent, but usually concealed. Flowers yellow, with a purple or dark-coloured keel, axillary, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, often forming long leafy spikes or racemes below the ends of the branches. Pedicels short, without bracts or bracteoles. Calyx pubescent or villous, line long or rather more, the lobes as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones broader, falcate and united to the middle. Standard twice as long as the calyx, emarginate ; lower petals nearly as long, the keel incurved, very obtuse. Ovary stipitate. Pod 2 to 2£ lines long, somewhat turgid. Seeds not strophio- late.— Bot. Mag. t. 949; DC. Prod. ii. 108; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1353; Hook. f.
352
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Aotus.
FI. Tasm. i. 88 ; Pultencea villosa, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 309 ; Pultemea ericoides, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 85 ; Daviesia ericoides, Pers. Syn. i. 454 ; Aotus ferruginea, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 104, t. 132 ; Aotus ericoides, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 120 ; Pultenwa rosmarinifolia and P. virgata, Sieb. PI. Exs.; Aotus virgata, DC. Prod, ii. 108.
Hab.: Moreton Island and swampy places in southern Queensland.
2. A. mollis (softly hairy), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 236 and FI. Austr. ii. 91. Nearly allied to A. villosa. Branches densely velvety-tomentose. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, the margins revolute, softly pubescent above, densely rusty -toinentose underneath. Flowers clustered in the axils, often arranged in irregular but distinct whorls, nearly sessile. Bracts about 1 line long, truncate, very deciduous. Calyx villous, nearly 2 lines long, the lobes nearly equal. Petals not twice as long as the calyx, the keel dark and very much incurved. Ovary shortly stipitate. Pod rather larger than in A. villosa. Seeds not strophiolate.
Hab.: From the Mantuan Downs to the Maranoa, Mitchell.
3. A. lanigera (woolly), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mils. ii. 78, and FI. Austr. ii. 92. A stouter shrub than A. villosa, the branches tomentose and villous, with soft spreading hairs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, mostly acute, £ to |in. long, the margins revolute, hairy when young, at length glabrous, smooth and shining above, hoary underneath. Flowers axillary, as in A. villosa, but much longer, and all yellow. Bracts above 1 line long, very deciduous, though not so very early as in A. villosa. Calyx villous, 2^ lines long, the lobes acuminate, the 2 upper ones rather broader and slightly falcate. Standard |in. long ; lower petals rather shorter. Ovary stipitate. Pod very villous, much flattened, very obtuse, above 3 lines long. Seeds not strophiolate.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller; Wide Bay , Biduill ; also Leichhardt ; and swampy parts of southern Queensland.
13. PHYLLOTA, DC.
(Some species having ear-shaped leaves.)
Caiyx, 2 upper lobes broader, and sometimes united into an upper lip. Petals clawed ; standard nearly orbicular, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel much incurved. Stamens either all, or at least the 5 outer ones, more or less adnate to the petals at the base, and sometimes all united with them in a ring or short tube. Ovary sessile, with 2 ovules on short funicles ; style dilated or thickened at the base, incurved and subulate upwards ; stigma small, terminal. Pod ovate, somewhat turgid, 2-valved. Seed reniform, without any strophiole. — Shrubs, usually heath-like. Leaves scattered, linear, with revolute margins. Stipules none, or very minute in P. humifusa (a New South Wales species). Flowers axillary or terminal. Bracteoles often leaf-like, inserted under the calyx and usually closely pressed to it. Ovary small, very villous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It differs from Dillwynia, which it resembles in habit, in the revolute, not involute, margins of the leaves, and in the absence of any strophiole ; from Aotus in the presence of bracteoles ; and from both, as well as from all other allied genera, in the tendency to a union of the filaments with the petals. — Benth.
1. P. phylicoides (Phylica-like), Benth, . in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 77, and FI. Austr. ii. 95. An erect heath-like shrub, of several feet, the branches terete, glabrous pubescent or hirsute. Leaves numerous, narrow-linear, mostly about +in. long, but in some specimens nearly fin., in others not above 4 lines, obtuse or with callous usually recurved points, the margins revolute, more or less tuberculate, scabrous, and sometimes sprinkled with erect hairs, rarely quite
Phyllota.\
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
853
smooth and glabrous. Flowers almost sessile in the upper axils, forming terminal leafy heads or spikes, or becoming lateral by the elongation of the terminal shoot. Bracteoles leafy, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the calyx- tube, and often exceeding the lobes. Calyx 2+ to 3^ lines long, glabrous or villous, the lobes about as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones broad and shortly united, the lowest rather longer than the lateral ones. Standard 4 to 6 lines long ; lower petals rather shorter, the keel broader than the wings, much incurved, but obtuse. Filaments and petal-claws all united at the base in a ring or short tube. Ovary tapering into the style, which is much dilated below the middle, and quite glabrous. Pod ovate or shortly oblong, included in the calyx. Seeds without any strophiole. — Pultenaa phylicoides, P. aspera, P. comosa, and P. squarrosa, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 113 ; Phyllota pilosa, P. aspera, P. comosa, P. Billardieri, P. grandiflora, P. squarrosa, and P. Baueri, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 77.
Hab.: Sandy Cape, R. Brown; Moreton Island, M'Gillivray, F. v. Mueller ; and in other parts of southern Queensland. Flowering in March.
The characters upon which, after De Candolle, I had endeavoured to distinguish several species, entirely break down when applied to the large number of specimens I have now had before me. I am unable to distribute them even into marked varieties, much as they differ in the size of the flowers, the erect spreading or recurved leaves, &e. The supposed differences in inflorescence depend often on the period of development. — Benth.
14. GASTROLOBIUM, R. Br.
(Pods of some species inflated.)
Calyx 5-lobed, the 2 upper lobes usually broader and united higher up. Petals clawed. Standard orbicular or reniform, emarginate, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel broader than the wings and usually shorter. Stamens free. Ovary stipitate or rarely sessile, with 2 ovules on straight and filiform funicles. Style incurved, filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod ovoid or nearly globular, turgid, continuous inside, the valves coriaceous. Seeds (where known) strophiolate. — Shrubs. Leaves on very short petioles, more or less distinctly verticillate or opposite, or occasionally scattered, simple and entire, usually rigid. Stipules setaceous, rarely wanting. Flowers yellow or the keel and base of the standard purple-red, in terminal or axillary racemes, either loose or contracted into corymbs or whorl-like clusters. Bracts and bracteoles usually very deciduous, in a few species the brown rigid bracts persist nearly till the flowers open. Staminal disk usually very short. Ovary very villous.
With the exception of the Queensland species, the genus is limited to West Australia. It is closely allied on the one hand to the strophiolate species of Oxylobium, only differing from them in the number of ovules, constantly 2, and on the other to Pultencea, from which it is dis- tinguished by the habit, the coriaceous leaves, the bracteoles either deciduous or inconspicuous, and the more coriaceous turgid pod. — Benth.
1. G-. grandiflorum (large flowers), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 17 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 103, Fragm. x. 35 ; Bail. A Gord. PI. Rep. Pois. Stock, PI. 13. Apparently a tall shrub, the young branches and inflorescence softly silky-pubescent, the full-grown foliage nearly glabrous and glaucous. Leaves opposite or the upper ones alternate, from ovate to oblong, obtuse or emarginate, 1£ to 3in. long, flat, coriaceous. Racemes short, loose, axillary and terminal, with few, large, pedicellate flowers. Calyx softly pubescent, 4 to 5 lines long, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones broad, falcate, and united nearly to the middle. Standard fully fin. diameter, lower petals rather shorter, the keel much incurved and deeply coloured. Ovary very hairy, on a long glabrous stipes. Pod ovate, acute, turgid, 3 or 4 lines long, stipitate, villous, with minute strophiole to seed.
Hab.: Flinders and Cape Rivers, Rockingham Bay, Port Denison, Peak Downs, and many other tropical inland localities. Usually flowering about March.
The most poisonous to stock of any in the Queensland Flora.
854
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
15. PULTENiEA, Sm.
(In honour of Dr. W. Pulteney, a botanical author.)
(Euchilus, jR. Br.; Spadostyles, Benth.; Urodon, Turcz.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes more or less united into an upper lip, and sometimes much larger than the lower ones, rarely all nearly equal. Petals on rather long claws ; standard nearly orbicular, longer than the lower petals ; wings oblong ; keel incurved. Stamens free. Ovary sessile or rarely shortly stipitate, with 2 ovules on short funicles ; style subulate, often more or less dilated downwards ; stigma small, terminal. Pod ovate, flat or turgid, 2-valved. Seed reniform, strophiolate. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite or in verticils of 3, simple. Stipules linear-lanceolate or setaceous, brown and scarious, closely pressed on the branch, and more or less united in the axil of the leaf, the points or sometimes nearly the whole stipule free and spreading, or the stipules minute and free, rarely quite deficient, those of the floral leaves often much enlarged whilst the lamina is reduced. Flowers yellow orange or mixed with purple, rarely pink, either axillary and solitary and then frequently collected in leafy heads or tufts near the ends of the branches, or crowded in terminal heads and surrounded within the floral leaves by imbricate, scarious, brown bracts or enlarged stipules without any lamina. Bracts under each flower usually small. Bracteoles persistent, either close under the calyx or adnate with its tube. Ovary villous or rarely glabrous.
The genus is limited to Australia, presenting considerable diversity in foliage, inflorescence, and calyx, and closely allied in character to the other Podalyriete with 2 ovules and strophiolate seeds, yet not generally difficult to distinguish. From Gastrolobium it differs chiefly in habit, in the persistent bracteoles, and the more sessile, less turgid pod ; from Dilhcynia, which is even closer connected with it, the bracteoles close to or upon the calyx afford the most prominent distinction, although accompanied usually by other slight differences in habit or in flower. In the following distribution of its species, the sections proposed, founded on foliage and inflorescence, are perhaps scarcely worthy of ranking higher than so many series. — Benth.
Sect. I. Eupultenaea. — leaves alternate, with recurved or revolute margins. Ovary quite
sessile.
Bracteoles adnate to (apparently inserted on) the calyx-tube (except in P. pycnocepliala ?)
Flowers in dense, terminal, sessile heads, surrounded by imbricate stipular bracts, the inner ones longer than the pedicels.
Stipules minute. Leaves linear, obtuse or retuse 1. P. retusa.
Stipules conspicuous, often 1 line long or more.
Leaves shortly obovate, coriaceous, shining above, densely silky-
white underneath 2. P.pycnocephala.
Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse. Flower-heads large, silky-hairy.
Petals persistent 3. P. myrtoides.
Leaves Linear.
Leaves nearly sessile, obtuse, or with a fine point. Flower-heads
softly villous. Bracts deciduous 4. P. polifolia.
Leaves on petioles of 2 to 4 lines. Bracts few 5. P. petiolaris.
Leaves linear-acute or rarely oblong. Bracts persistent and com- pletely covering the calyxes, glabrous or rarely slightly silky . . 6. P. paleacea.
Flowers few or in small heads, the bracts shorter than the pedicels.
Leaves under Jin. long.
Leaves not bilobed, obovate, a little cuneate, the margins slightly
recurved 7. P. Hartmannii.
Leaves linear-cuneate, obtuse or truncate 8. P. microphylla.
Bracteoles close under the calyx, but free from it or scarcely adnate.
Leaves small, obovate, very silky underneath, glabrous above .... 2. P.pycnocephala.
Sect. II. (Euchilus. — Leaves all or mostly opposite or in whorls of three, flat, concave or the margins slightly recurved, often 1 or 'i-nerved or penniveined, rarely reticulate. Flowers axillary or crowded at the ends of the branches. Tivo upper lobes of the calyx much larger than the others. Ovary often contracted at the base into a very short stipes. — Benth.
Pultenm.] XLIII. LEGUMINOS^. 355
Leaves flat or concave, with flne or pungent points. Bracteoles on the calyx-tube. Flowers pedicellate. Glabrous or pubescent. Leaves broad, flat or slightly concave, all in threes 0. P. ternata.
(A very few species of the following section have the leaves occasionally irregularly whorled, but with the calyx-lobes much less dissimilar. A few species again have the calyx of Euchilus, but with the leaves all alternate.) — Bentli.
Sect. III. Coelophyllum. — Leaves all alternate, either flattened hut more or less concave, or ivith incurved margins, or darker-coloured underneath than above, or, if linear-terete or trigonous, channelled above, 1 or 3 -nerved or quite nerveless, without transverse veins or reticula- tions.— Benth.
Leaves terete or trigonous, not pungent, channelled above. Stipules united at the base within the leaf, at least on the young shoots. Flowers in dense terminal heads. — Benth.
Bracteoles close under the calyx, but free from it. Leaves crowded, in- curved, with fine points 10. P. ecliinula.
Leaves concave or nearly flat, rarely terete and then rigid, but not pungent. Flowers axillary,
or, if terminal, solitary or in small leafy heads growing out into leafy shoots. Bracteoles inserted on or adnate to the calyx-tube. — Benth.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, all axillary.
Calyx 2 upper lobes much longer than the others, broad, falcate and united to the middle. Leaves linear-terete or trigonous, channelled
above 12. P. setulosa.
Calyx 2 upper lobes but little longer than the others. Leaves small,
oblong-cuneate, obtuse 11. P. parviflora.
Flowers all axillary, pedicellate. Stipules small.
Plant more or less villous. Pedicels short. Leaves small, mostly
obtuse, 2 to 4 lines long or rather more, broad or narrow 13. P. villosa.
Plant glabrous. Leaves J to lin. long 14. P. flexilis.
Leaves concave or nearly flat, not pungent. Floivers axillary, or, if terminal, solitary. Bracteoles inserted close under the calyx, but free from it. — Benth.
Plant quite glabrous. Flowers all axillary. Leaves Jin. long or more.
Flowers pedicellate. Calyx upper lobes large 15. P. euchila.
Plant pubescent. Flowers axillary. Leaves 4 to 7 lines long. Flowers on very short pedicels. Calyx rosy-white 16. P. Millari.
1. P. retusa (obtuse), Sin. in Ann. Bot. i. 502, and in Tram. Linn. Soc. ix. 247 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 113. A shrub with slender virgate branches,
often angular and usually silky-pubescent. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, very obtuse or more frequently emarginate, and sometimes dilated at the end, 2 to 4 lines or rarely Jin. long in the normal form, flat, pale underneath, but usually glabrous on both sides. Stipules very small. Flowers few, in small terminal heads sessile within the last leaves. Bracts imbricate, the inner ones often 1J line long, but very deciduous, the outer ones smaller. Bracteoles broadly linear, inserted on the calyx-tube. Calyx about 2 lines long, silky-hairy, the 2 upper lobes broader, but scarcely more united. Standard not twice as long as the calyx. Ovary villous ; style filiform almost from the base. Pod broadly ovate, almost triangular, about 3 lines long, rather flat. — DC. Prod. ii. 112 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2081 ; Bot. Reg. t. 378.
Hab.: Shoal water Bay, R. Brown; Glasshouse Mountains and Brisbane Kiver, F.v. Mueller; and other localities in southern Queensland. Flowering in July and August.
Some specimens without flowers, from Burnett River, Queensland, F. v. Mueller, appear to be nearly allied to P. retusa, but with very narrow leaves, almost terete, with closely revolute margins. — Benth.
2. P. pycnocephala (dense flower-heads), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 114. Branches and under side of the leaves silvery-white with a soft dense silky pubescence. Leaves broadly obovate, obtuse or with a short recurved point, 3 to 4 lines long, coriaceous, glabrous smooth and shining above, the margins slightly recurved. Stipules appressed, nearly 1 line long. Flowers in dense globular heads, sessile above the last leaves. Bracts imbricate, broad, densely covered with silky hairs, except a narrow margin. Calyx sessile, nearly 4 lines long, very silky, the lobes narrow, acute. Bracteoles narrow-cuneate,
356
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[Pultenaa.
shortly 3-toothed, very silky outside, inserted at the very base of the calyx or close under it and nearly as long. Petals not half as long again as the calyx, mostly persistent after flowering. Pod sessile, acuminate, oblique, much flattened, very silky, about as long as the calyx.
Hab.: Between Stanthorpe and the N. S. Wales border.
An elegant species allied to P. myrtoides , but distinct in indumentum, as well as in the shape of the leaf. — Benth.
3. P. myrtoides (Myrtle-like), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 81, and FI. Austr. ii. 114. A tall shrub, with virgate terete branches, usually silky- pubescent. Leaves narrow-oblong, often more or less cuneate, obtuse, with a very minute point, + to fin. long, flat or the margins recurved, glabrous above, pale and sometimes silky-pubescent underneath. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, closely pressed, about 1 line long. Flowers numerous, nearly sessile in dense globular terminal heads, sessile within the last leaves, which are however rarely so long as the flowers. Bracts imbricate, ovate or lanceolate, silky-hairy at the edges. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx-tube, broadly oblong or ovate, very concave and keeled, almost boat-shaped, 1 to 1J line long. Calyx silky- pubescent, 2^ lines long, the lobes shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. Petals persistent till the fruit is ripe. Standard nearly twice as long as the calyx ; lower petals nearly as long, the keel obtuse. Ovary villous ; style flattened at the base. Pod ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 4 lines long.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser; in the Cypress Pine country, Leichhardt.
4. P. polifolia (Polium-leaved), A. Cunn. in Field. N.S. Wales, 346 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 115. A shrub with terete virgate branches, more or less villous when young, with soft spreading hairs. Leaves linear, obtuse, with a fine straight or recurved point, the margins recurved or revolute, in some specimens all under Mn., in others ljin. long, glabrous or rarely hairy above, hoary underneath, and often hirsute with long hairs, especially on the midrib. Stipules rather long, appressed. Flowers numerous, in dense terminal heads, sessile within the last leaves. Bracts broad, imbricate, softly villous, the inner ones 2 lines long and bifid. Bracteoles very concave, keeled, inserted on the calyx-tube. Calyx 3 lines long, softly villous ; lobes finely acuminate, shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones broad and united at the base. Standard not twice as long as the calyx ; lower petals shorter. Ovary hirsute, tapering into the style. Pod very oblique, acuminate, longer than the calyx. — P. rosmar ini folia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1584 (the West Australian origin a mistake); P. mucronata, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1711? (from the figure); P. rosmarinifolia, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 4 (with the pubescence rather more silky).
Hab.: North Coast Railway Line.
5. P. petiolaris (long petioles), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 82, and FI. Austr. ii. 115. A procumbent or straggling shrub, with numerous ascending branches, hirsute with short spreading hairs. leaves on remarkably long petioles, those of the floral ones often attaining 3 or 4 lines, linear, obtuse, with a short recurved point, ^ to fin. long, the margins revolute, often sprinkled with a few hairs above, the under side hirsute, especially the midrib. Stipules with spreading or recurved fine points. Flowers in dense terminal heads, sessile within the last leaves. Bracts few, besides the stipules of the floral leaves. Bracteoles inserted above the middle of the calyx-tube, linear-subulate, ciliate. Calyx about 3 lines long, hirsute ; lobes acuminate, rather longer than the tube,
Pultencea.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
357
the 2 upper ones united to the middle. Petals not much longer than the calyx- lobes, the keel dark-coloured. Ovary very silky-villous, tapering into the subulate style. Pod not seen.
Hab.: Brisbane River, A. Cunningham, , F. v. Mueller ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller and others. Flowering in July.
6. P. paleacea (scaly), Willd. Spec. PI. ii. 506 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 115. A shrub with slender diffuse or divaricate branches, silky-pubescent when young. Leaves linear, with fine straight or recurved points and revolute margins, £ to fin. long, glabrous above, pale and usually silky-hairy underneath. Stipules appressed, often 2 lines long. Flowers in dense but not large terminal heads, sessile within the last leaves. Bracts imbricate, glabrous, scarcely ciliate, completely covering the calyxes, the inner ones 8 to 4 lines long. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx- tube, concave, carinate. Calyx silky-hairy, about 3 lines long, the lobes lanceo- late, much shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. Standard nearly twice as long as the calyx ; lower petals shorter. Ovary villous, gradually tapering into a long style. Pod compressed, silky, longer than the calyx, and tapering into the long persistent silky base of the style. — Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 246; DC. Prod. ii. 112; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 291.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
7. P. Hartmannii (after C. H. Hartmann), F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 166. A pubescent shrub. Leaves often clustered, 2 to 5 lines long, obovate, a little cuneate, blunt, the margins slightly recurved, herbaceous-chartaceous, pale beneath, the petioles rather long on the upper part of the branches. Stipules about 1 line long. Flowers in terminal heads of few flowers. Bracteoles about 1 line long, inserted a little above the base of the calyx. Calyx sessile, scarcely
3 lines long, villous, the tube and lips of about an equal length, the two superior ones a little broader and shorter. Standard with claw about 5 lines ; keel petals dark purple. Ovary sessile, silky. Style scarcely 3 lines long, pilose. — F. v. M., l.c.
Hab.: Rockhampton, C. H. Hartmann (F. v. M.)
8. P. microphylla (small leaves), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 112 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 117. A dwarf, diffuse, much-branched shrub, the branches slender, hoary silky-pubescent or villous. Leaves linear-cuneate, usually narrow and 3 to
4 lines long, truncate or retuse, with a recurved point and revolute margins ; sometimes longer and flatter, rounded at the end, with a recurved point, but never exceeding ^in., usually glabrous above and hoary tomentose underneath, rarely softly villous when young. Stipules very small spreading or recurved. Flowers in the upper axils on very short pedicels, or 2 or 3 together at the ends of the short brancblets. Bracts very small or none besides the stipules of the floral leaves. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx-tube, small, linear. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long, hoary or silky-villous, the lobes nearly as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones broad and united above the middle. Standard about twice as long as the calyx ; lower petals shorter. Ovary villous. Pod broadly and obliquely ovate, not acuminate, about 3 lines long. — P. stenopliylla , A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 124; P. uncinata, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 88.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser ; since by many collectors from many parts of southern Queensland.
Var. cuneata. Leaves broadly cuneate-truncate, 3 to 4 lines long. — P. cuneata, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 83. — To this belong some of the Queensland specimens from Stanthorpe, towards the border of N. S. Wales.
9. P. ternata (leaves in threes), F. v. M. Frarjm. i. 8, and iv. 21 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 122. An erect, usually glabrous, often glaucous shrub, the branches terete. Leaves all in whorls of three, in the original form broadly rhomboidal,
358
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.®.
[. Pultenaa .
truncate, or shortly tapering, the midrib produced into a more or less pungent point, from 2 or 3 lines to fin. long, and usually rather broader than long, flat or concave, often 3 or 5-nerved at the base. Stipules small. Flowers in the upper axils on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Bracteoles subulate, inserted on the base of the calyx Calyx above 3 lines long, the lobes longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones broad, falcate, acute, united above the middle, the lower ones lanceolate- subulate. Petals nearly of equal length, twice as long as the calyx ; keel large, almost hood-shaped, very obtuse. Ovary sessile, glabrous, tapering into the flattened style. Pod ovate, turgid, about 3 lines long. — Spadostyles Cunninghamii, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 81 ; Gastrolobium Huegelii, Henfr. in Gard. Mag. i. with a fig.; Aotus cordifolius, Lindl. and Paxt. FI. Gard. i. 76, not of Benth.; Spadostyles ternata, F. v. M. First Gen. Hep. 12 ; Pultencea oxalidifolia, A. Cunn. in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.
Hab.: Ranges about Helidon.
The normal form with large leaves and flowers.
Var. pubescem. Branches more or less pubescent. Leaves broad but with long pungent points. Pedicels very short. Hab.: Logan River, Rev. B. Scortechini.
Var. euspidata. Branches slender, pubescent. Leaves small, tapering into pungent points. Pedicels slender, as long as or sometimes longer than the calyx. — Oxylobium spinosum, DC. Prod. ii. 104; Euchilus cuspidatus, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 68. Hab.: Burnett and Brisbane Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Wide Bay, Bidicill ; Ipswich, Nernst; very common in southern Queensland. Flowering about August.
10. P. echinula (rough), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 112 (spelt echinata in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 173) ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 127. Apparently a straggling shrub, the older branches denuded of leaves and tuberculate or echinate with the remains of their petioles. Leaves crowded on the younger branches, often incurved, linear-terete, almost subulate, mucronate, rarely exceeding |in., channelled above by the involute margins, often tuberculate outside and sometimes hirsute with soft hairs. Stipules rather long. Flowers in dense heads, sessile within the last leaves, with few bracts besides the stipules of the floral leaves. Bracteoles inserted under the calyx, oblong or lanceolate. Calyx 2| lines long, glabrous or hirsute ; lobes lanceolate, nearly equal, about as long as the tube. Standard not twice as long as the calyx ; lower petals rather shorter. Ovary villous ; style subulate. Pod not seen. — Reichb. Icon. Exot. t. 196.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser.
11. P. parviflora (small-flowered), Sieb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 132. Branches numerous, slender, pubescent, with greyish appressed hairs ; leaves oblong- cuneate, obtuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3 lines long, concave, or with incurved margins, darker-coloured underneath with a slender midrib, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs when young ; stipules appressed. Flowers few, small, in the upper axils ; bracteoles inserted on the calyx-tube near its base, linear-subulate, ciliate, 2-stipulate. Calyx about 2 lines long ; lobes acuminate, longer than the tube, the two upper ones broad ; falcate and united at the base. Ovary hairy at the top ; style dilated downwards. The leaves on the Queensland plants longer and more hairy than those of the other colonies.
Hab.: Caloundra, J. Wilson. Flowering about September.
12. P. setulosa (bristly), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 132. Apparently procumbent, with silky-pubescent branchlets. Leaves linear, terete or trigonous, channelled above, mucronate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long, glabrous or silky pubescent. Stipules appressed, with long, fine, erect or spreading points. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, forming leafy heads or clusters at or below the ends of the branches. Bracts none besides the floral leaves. Bracteoles linear, inserted on the base of the calyx-tube, often 2-stipulate. Calyx 3 to 3f lines long, slightly
Pulteruea.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.®.
359
silky-pubescent, the lobes all tapering to fine points, the 2 upper ones broad, falcate and united above the middle, the lower ones shorter and much narrower. Standard scarcely twice as long as the calyx. Ovary very villous. Style glabrous, flattened at the base. Pod ovate, shorter than the calyx.
Hab.: Broadsound, Bowman.
13. P. villosa (hairy), Willd. Spec. PL ii. 507 ; Benth. FI. Aastr. ii. 134. A low or spreading much-branched shrub, pubescent or villous, rust-coloured when dry. Leaves usually oblong or somewhat cuneate, but varying from linear to obovate, obtuse or scarcely pointed, 2 to 3 or rarely when narrow nearly 4 lines long, concave or with incurved margins, tubercular or hirsute underneath, the midrib slender. Stipules small, narrow or broad. Flowers usually entirely yellow, solitary in each axil, but sometimes forming short terminal leafy racemes. Pedicels short but slender. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx- tube, but sometimes very near its base, linear, with occasionally 1 or 2 set* in their axil. Calyx from 14 to above 2 lines long ; lobes acuminate, longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones broad, falcate and united to the middle, the lower ones narrow. Petals nearly equal in length, twice as long as the calyx. Ovary more or less hairy ; style subulate. Pod scarcely exceeding the calyx. — Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 503, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 248; Bot. Mag. t. 967 ; DC. Prod. ii. 113 ; P. polygalifolia, Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 303, t. 25; DC. Prod. ii. Ill; P.lanata, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 83 (a small-leaved form).
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller. Flowering about August.
Var. latifolia. Leaves small, very pubescent, from narrow-euneate to broadly obovate. Flowers rather large. — P. ferruginea, Rudge, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 300, t. 23 ; DC. Prod. ii. Ill; P. lanata, Sieb. PL Exs.; Spadostyles ramulosa, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 21 (from the description, no specimen having been preserved).
Var. glabrescens. Leaves linear or narrow-oblong, 2 to 4 lines long, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Flowers of the common variety. Spadostyles concolor, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 20, of which no specimen has been preserved, is probably, from the description, this variety.
P. racemulosa, Sieb. PL Exs. n. 594; DC. Prod. ii. Ill, is not in any of the sets of Sieber’s plants which I have seen ; from the character given it is probably one of the numerous forms of P. villosa.
I give all the varieties mentioned by Bentham in the Flora Austr., for the plant is very variable, and doubtless all could be obtained in southern Queensland.
14. P. flexilis (flexuous), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 502, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 248 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 135. A shrub either quite glabrous or with a few appressed hairs on the young shoots and backs of the leaves. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, often slightly cuneate, obtuse or mucronate, | to lin. long, flat or concave, the under side darker-coloured, with a prominent midrib. Stipules very small. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, shortly pedicellate. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx near its base, small, lanceolate. Calyx glabrous or slightly ciliate, about 2 lines long ; lobes rather broad, acute, shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones broader and falcate. Standard fully twice as long as the calyx; lower petals not much shorter. Ovary with a few long hairs at the top ; style dilated downwards. Pod obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, turgid, about 3 lines long. — DC. Prod. ii. Ill ; Bot. Reg. t. 1694; Dillwynia teucrioides, Sieb. PL Exs.; P. Siveetii, Don, in Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2.
Hab.: Helidon.
Allied in habit to P. euchila, but the calyx-lobes are less disproportioned, the bracteoles are not under the calyx, the style less dilated at the base, &c. — Benth.
Var. mucronata. Leaves narrow, with a fine pungent point. — Southern parts of the colony.
15. P. euchila (prominently lipped), DC. Prod. ii. 112; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 135. A glabrous shrub, with rather slender branches, nearly resembling at first sight P. flexilis , but differing in bracteoles, calyx, and style. Leaves linear- cuneate, obtuse, 5 to 9 lines long, flat or slightly concave, of a darker or a more silvery colour underneath than above, the midrib slender. Stipules minute.
PiltT II. D
860
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
[Pultenm.
Flowers axillary, on pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Bracteoles linear-subulate, inserted close under the calyx and shorter than its tube. Calyx 3 to lines long, the lobes much longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones large, falcate and united above the middle, the lower ones narrow-lanceolate. Petals nearly equal, half as long again as the calyx, the keel slightly incurved. Ovary glabrous, tapering into the much dilated style. Pod longer than the calyx, coriaceous, turgid when ripe, with a flat point. — Dillwynia cuneata, Sieb. PI. Exs.; Spadostyles Sieheri, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 81.
Hab.: Near the Brisbane River, Leichhardt : Ipswich, Nernst ; North Coast Railway Line, Wellington Point, &c.
16. P. IVEillari (after T. Barclay Millar), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. v. 389. A shrub of a few feet, the branches angular, silky, pubescent, with closely appressed white hairs. Leaves scattered on short silky-hairy petioles, cuneate, 4 to 7 lines long, rounded at the top and 2 to 3 lines broad, lateral nerves regular and rather distant, the prominent midrib ending in a minute recurved point ; bright glossy on the upper, pale-hoary on the under side. Stipules long as the petioles, dark with spreading recurved fine points and ciliate margins. Flowers in the axils near the ends of the branchlets on very short pedicels, solitary. Bracts none. Bracteoles inserted on the calyx-tube at the base, scabrous, narrow-lanceolate, dark, long as the calyx-tube. Calyx nearly rosy-white, silky outside, parallel- veined inside, about 3 lines long, the lobes of equal length with the tube, very narrow, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. Standard broader than long, 4 lines broad, claw about 1 line, wings narrow with claw 3^ lines long ; keel still shorter, dark-purple. Ovary silky, tapering into a flattened style. No pods on the specimens collected.
Hab.: Herberton, J. F. Bailey.
16. DILLWYNIA, Sm.
(In honour of L. W. Dillwyn, an eminent botanist.)
Calyx-lobes short or as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones more or less united in an upper lip. Petals clawed ; standard broader than long ; wings narrow ; keel shorter, straight or scarcely incurved. Stamens free. Ovary shortly stipitate, with 2 ovules on short funicles ; style erect, rather thick, hooked below the top, with a truncate or thick stigma. Pod nearly sessile, ovate or rounded, turgid, 2-valved. Seeds reniform, strophiolate. — Heath-like shrubs. Leaves alternate or scattered, simple, narrow-linear or terete, channelled above. Stipules none. Flowers yellow or orange-red, few together in axillary or terminal racemes or corymbs, rarely solitary. Bracts small, brown, very deciduous ; bracteoles small on the short pedicels.
The genus is entirely Australian. It differs from Aotus in the strophiolate seeds and in the leaves channelled above and not underneath, from Pultencea in the bracteoles at a distance from the calyx and usually deciduous. — Benth.
Sect. I. Dillwyniastrum, DC. — Calyx distinctly turbinate at the base, the 2 upper lobes broad, falcate, and united to the middle. Petals deciduous ; standard on a long claw, the lamina
above twice as broad as long.
Keel obtuse, much shorter than the wings.
Racemes terminal, sessile, corymbose or pedunculate 1. D. ericifolia.
Flowers all axillary, solitary or in short racemes or clusters 2. D.Jloribunda.
Sect. II. Xeropetalum, R. Br. — Calyx obtuse or very shortly turbinate at the base. Petals persistent ; standard-claiv shorter than the calyx, the lamina rather broader than long or rarely twice as broad as long.
Calyx-lobes short, the 2 upper ones united in a broad upper lip, scarcely emarginate, and longer than the lower ones. Leaves rigid and pungent, keeled. Flowers mostly corymbose 3. D. juniperina.
Dillwynia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
361
1. 3D. ericifolia (heath-leaved), Sm. Ann. Bot. i. 510; Exot. Bot. t. 25, and in Tram. Linn. Soc. ix. 262 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 147. An erect heath-like shrub, usually attaining several feet, but sometimes dwarf and stunted ; the branches erect and virgate, or short and divaricate, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves numerous, rather slender, usually ^ to J4n. long, but sometimes nearly fin. or under 2 lines, terete or scarcely keeled, straight or spirally twisted when dry, obtuse, with a very short recurved or straight, but scarcely pungent point, rarely quite obtuse. Flowers yellow, in very short racemes or clusters, sometimes several together, almost sessile in a terminal leafy corymb, sometimes each one on a terminal or rarely axillary long or short peduncle. Calyx glabrous, silky- pubescent, or shortly scabrous-hirsute, 2 to 3|- lines long, distinctly turbinate at the base, the lobes shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones broadly rounded and falcate, united to the middle. Petals deciduous ; standard with a claw usually as long as the calyx, the lamina more than twice as broad as long ; wings much shorter ; keel still shorter, obtuse. Pod ovate or nearly globular, slightly exceeding the calyx. — Pulteneea retorta, Wendl. Hort. Herrenh. t. 9.
Hab.: Moreton Island and many other southern localities.
Various forms assumed by this plant have been generally recognised as species, but the differences are so slight, depending chiefly on indumentum, length, and degree of twisting of the leaves, or length of peduncles, and the passages from the one to the other so gradual, that it is often very difficult to separate them even as varieties. The following are the most prominent. — Benth. This applies so fully to the species in Queensland that I thought it advisable to give the forms as arranged by Mr. Bentham : —
a. normalis. Branches pubescent. Leaves mostly 4 to 6 lines long, spreading, twisted, with straight or slightly recurved points. Flowers rather large, usually rather numerous, in sessile terminal leafy corymbs. — D. ericifolia, Sm., as above; DC. Prod. ii. 108; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1277 ; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 78. D. ericoides, Sieb. PI. Exs. n. 412, and FI. Mixt. n. 585, D. pinifolia, Sieb. n. 424, D. seripliioides, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 14, and probably Aotus ericoides, Paxt. Mag. v. 51, with a fig.
b. pliylicoides. Branches, foliage, and calyx scabrous, pubescent with short rigid hairs. Leaves mostly 2 to 3 lines long, spreading, twisted, with straight or slightly recurved points and less slender than in other forms. Flowers nearly sessile, but not so numerous as in the normal form. — D. phylicoides, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 347 ; Benth in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 78. D. speciosa, Paxt. Mag. vii. 27, with a fig. raised from Baron Huegel’s seeds, is probably this variety or very near it.
c. parvifolia. Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves mostly 2 lines long or under, spreading, often twisted, with straight or slightly recurved points. Flowers rather small, usually few, the clusters sessile or shortly pedunculate. — D. parvifolia, R. Br. in Bot. Mag. t. 1527 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 559; DC. Prod. ii. 108 ; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 79; T>, micropliylla, Sieb. PI. Exs. n. 410, and 553, and FI. Mixt. n. 586.
d. tenuifolia. Branches slightly pubescent. Leaves 2 to 4 lines long or rarely more, spreading or erect, usually straight with straight or recurved points, and more slender than in other forms. Flowers few, middle-sized, the clusters sessile or nearly so. Calyx glabrous or silky-pubescent. — D. tenuifolia, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 109 ; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 79 ; D. ramosissima, Benth. l.c.
e. peduncularis. Branches glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves 3 to 6 lines long, usually slender. Flowers middle-sized, in loose clusters of 2 or 3, on peduncles usually exceeding the leaves and sometimes several times as long. Calyx usually glabrous or nearly so. — D. peduncularis, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 78 ; D. filifolia, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 13. This variety usually appears very distinct in inflorescence, assuming the aspect of D. hispida, a Victoria and South Australia species, but with the flowers of D. ericifolia, and when the peduncles are shorter it passes gradually into the vars. tenuifolia or glaberrima.
f. glaberrima. Quite glabrous. Leaves usually crowded, rarely very spreading, § to Jin. long or often more, rather slender, not twisted, the point recurved or rarely straight. Flowers rather large, in dense terminal corymbs, sessile or shortly pedunculate. — D. glaberrima, Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 510, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 263 ; Bot. Mag. t. 944 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 582; Labill. PL Nov. Holl. i. 109, t. 139 : DC. Prod. ii. 108 ; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 79 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 85. — B. Brown, a form passing into the vars. peduncularis or tenuifolia.
2. D. floribunda (free flowerer), Sm. in Ann. Bot. i. 510; Exot. Bot. t. 26, and in Tram. Linn. Soc. ix. 262 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 149. A tall erect heath- like shrub, either quite glabrous or more or less pubescent, or the branches, foliage and calyxes densely hirsute. Leaves usually crowded, £ to §in. long or
862
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[ Dillwynia .
rather more, obtuse or with a minute point, not keeled, straight, sometimes as slender as in D. ericifolia, but usually thicker. Flowers on very short pedicels, solitary or 2 or 3 together, all axillary, but often crowded into leafy racemes below or very near the ends of the branches. Bracts often broad and above
1 line long, but so deciduous as to be rarely seen. Calyx 2 J to 8 lines long, with a distinct turbinate base, the lobes short, often tipped with a small gland, the
2 upper ones broad falcate and united to the middle. Petals deciduous ; standard with the broad claw as long as the calyx, the lamina more than twice as broad as long ; wings much shorter ; keel still shorter, obtuse. Pod scarcely exceeding the calyx. — DC. Prod. ii. 108 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 305 ; Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 79; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 85; D. ericifolia, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1545, not of Sm.; D. rudis, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 109 ; D. hispidula and D. teretifolia, Sieb. PI. Exs.; D. elegans, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 13 ; D. clavata, Paxt. Mag. vii. 117.
Hab.: Frequent in southern localities.
The flowers of this species are not to be distinguished from those of D. ericifolia, but the infloresenee appears to be constant. — Benth.
3. D. juniperina (Juniper-like), Sieb.; Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 33, and FI. Austr. ii. 150. A rigid shrub with divaricate pubescent or loosely villous branches. Leaves J to Jin. long, very straight, strongly keeled, rigid, with strong pungent points. Flowers nearly sessile, several together in terminal clusters, or rarely 2 or 3 apparently axillary. Calyx pubescent, 2 to 2J lines long, scarcely turbinate at the base ; lobes short, the 2 upper ones united into a broad upper lip, either quite entire or minutely emarginate. Petals persistent ; standard scarcely twice as broad as long ; wings nearly as long ; keel much shorter and obtuse. Pod about as long as the calyx. — Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 401 ; D. cinerascens, DC. Prod. ii. 109, not of R. Br.
Hab.: Moreton Bay; near Dalby, and other southern localities.
17. PLATYLOBIUM, Sm.
(From platy, broad, and lobos, a pod.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes very large, free or shortly united ; the lower ones small and narrow. Petals clawed ; standard orbicular or reniform, wings oblong- obovate, much shorter ; keel obovate, nearly as long as the wings. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with several ovules ; style subulate, incurved, with a small terminal stigma. Pod sessile or stipitate, very flat, winged along the upper suture, opening elastically in 2 valves, rolled back but not separating from the wing. Seeds strophiolate. — Slender shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire or with pungent angles, reticulate. Flowers yellow, solitary, in opposite axils. Bracts brown and scarious, imbricate, in 2 or 3 pairs at the base of the pedicels ; bracteoles similar but longer, under the calyx.
The genus is limited to Eastern Australia. It is closely allied to the opposite-leaved Bossiceas, differing chiefly in the pod, and generally in the proportion of the petals.— Benth.
1. P. formosum (handsome), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. 350, and Bot. Nov. Holl. 17, t. 6 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 153. A handsome shrub, attaining often 4 or 5ft., the branches more robust than in the preceding species, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves from broadly heart-shaped to ovate or rarely ovate- lanceolate, acute, with a small rigid point but without lateral angles, 1 to 2in. long, strongly reticulate and rather coriaceous, glabrous or slightly pubescent underneath. Pedicels hairy, often fully Jin. long, always exserted from the bracts at their base. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, very hairy. Standard nearly twice as long ; wings and keel shorter. Ovary stipitate, villous all over or near the
Platylobium .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
363
sutures only, with about 8 ovules. Pod 1 to lMn. long, on a stipes of from one-fourth as long as to longer than the calyx, loosely hairy or at length glabrous. — Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 31; Bot. Mag. t. 469; DC. Prod. ii. 116; Paxt. Mag. xiii. 195, with a fig.
Hab.: North Coast Railway Line. Flowering in July.
The synonym of Cheilococca apocynifolia, Salisb. Prod. 412, given by Smith under Platylobium formosum, in Bot. Nov. Holl. 17, and copied from him by De Candolle, Endlicher, and many others, appears to be entirely a mistake. There is no such name in Salisbury’s work, and the page quoted is one of those of the index. — Benth.
18. BOSSI/EA, Yent.
(After M. Boissier-Lamartiniere, a companion of La Perouse.)
(Scottea, R. Br.; Lalage, Lindl.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes or teeth broader and usually much larger than the others, distinct or united in an upper lip, 3 lower ones equal. Petals clawed ; standard orbicular or reniform, usually reflexed ; wings narrow ; keel broader and usually shorter than the wings, rarely longer or exceeding the standard. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side ; anthers uniform, ovate or oblong, versatile. Ovary stipitate or nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style subulate, incurved ; stigma small, terminal. Pod sessile or stipitate, flat, not winged ; valves completely separating, thin, with the edges nervitorm or thickened. Seeds strophiolate. — Shrubs or rarely undershrubs, occasionally leafless; branches terete or flattened, very rarely angular and not sulcate. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, entire or rarely toothed, often articulate on a very short petiole. Stipules small, brown, lanceolate or setaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, yellow orange or red. Bracts at the base of the pedicel, 2, 3, or more, imbricate, the outermost very small and persistent, the inner ones often much longer and very deciduous ; bracteoles on the pedicel very small and persistent, or longer and deciduous.
The genus is limited to Australia, and, with Platylobium, is distinguished from other Genistece by the anthers all perfectly uniform, attached by the middle, with a more perceptible cou- nectivum. — Benth.
Series I. Normales. — Leaves alternate. Calyx upper lobes rounded or truncate. Ovary
glabrous or ciliate on the edge. Pod sessile or stipitate, glabrous.
Branches terete or slightly compressed. Leaves distichous, usually small and rigid.
Keel much longer than the standard.
Leaves ovate-cordate or cordate-lanceolate 1. B. carinalis.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, rounded or narrowed at the base 2. B. rupicola.
Keel shorter than the standard.
Leaves mostly above Jin. long, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, not
coriaceous. Stems prostrate, pubescent, rarely above 1ft long . . 3. B. prostrata.
Leaves mostly under Jin. long, rigid.
No thorns.
Branches not compressed, almost silky. Leaves ovate-oblong.
Petals glabrous 4. B. Scortecliinii.
Branches pubescent. Leaves ovate or cordate.
Pedicels longer than the leaves. Pod sessile, thin, with nerve- like margins. Ovules 6 or move 5. B. buxifolia.
Pedicels short. Pod on a long stipes, with much thickened
margins. Ovules 2 or 3 6. B. Brownii.
Plant quite glabrous. Pedicels very short. Pod on a long stipes.
Ovules 2 or 3. Leaves obovate or rhomboidal. Pod with thick
margins . . . . 7. B. rhombifolia.
Branches much flattened or winged. Leaves distichous or none.
Branches leafy. Keel glabrous. Pod coriaceous, the stipes much longer
than the calyx 8. B. lieterophylla.
864 XLlIl. LEGUMINOSiE. [. Bossiaa .
Branches leafless, winged.
Keel not exceeding the standard, glabrous. Calyx 2 upper lobes broad and united. Pedicels longer than the bracts. Pod broad with
thickened margins, distinctly stipitate. Flowers small 9 ■ B. ensata.
Keel more or less exceeding the standard. Flowers large.
Stems very broad, shortly toothed. Keel longer than other petals. Pod
long, stipitate 10- A. Armitii.
Stem-wings broad, with very projecting lobes or angles under the
nodes. Keel rather longer than the standard 11. B. phylloclada.
1. B. carinalis (referring to the long keel), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 290, and FI. Austr. ii. 161 ; F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 45. A shrub. Branches terete, softly pubescent. Leaves distichous, ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, mostly cordate, mucronulate or scarcely obtuse, 4 to 6 lines long, often oblique at the base, coriaceous, prominently veined, minutely hoary or glabrous. Pedicels short, with small bracteoles. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, quite glabrous and rather thick, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united in a broad emarginate upper lip, the lower ones narrow and rather shorter. Standard very broad, half as long again as the calyx ; wings twice as long, and keel incurved, rather narrow, three times as long as the calyx. Ovary on a long stipes, glabrous, with 8 to 10 ovules. Pod somewhat hard, plain, Hin. long, -|in. broad, stipitate, blunt at both ends, with transverse wrinkles. Seeds brown, compressed, ovate, smooth, 2 to 3 lines long. Strophiole 1 line long.
Hab.: Sandstone gullies of the Mantuan Downs, Mitchell ; Cape River, R. Daintree.
2. B. rupicola (found upon rocks), A. Cunn. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 162. A shrub with the habit and flowers of B. carinalis, but very different leaves. Branches terete, pubescent. Leaves distichous, narrow-lanceolate, acute, £ to lin. long, rarely 2 lines broad, narrowed or scarcely obtuse at the base, coriaceous, veinless except the midrib. Pedicels short, the small bracteoles near the base. Calyx 3 to 3J lines long, the large upper lip nearly as long as the tube, the narrow lower lobes scarcely shorter. Standard broad, reflexed, rather longer than the calyx ; wings longer, obovate-falcate ; keel broad incurved, exceeding the calyx by 5 or 6 lines. Ovary on a long stipes, glabrous, with 8 to 10 ovules. Pod with broad thick margins when young, not seen ripe.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser ; Mount Lindsay, at an elevation of 5700ft., A. Cunningham.
3. B. prostrata (prostrate), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iv. 268 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 162. A small shrub or undershrub with a thick woody stock and slender prostrate stems from a few inches to about 1ft. long, terete or slightly flattened, usually pubescent. Leaves distichous, ovate or oblong, obtuse or scarcely acute, \ to ^-in. long or rarely more, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs, the petioles frequently rather long and slender. Pedicels usually much longer than the leaves, pubescent, with small deciduous bracteoles. Calyx about 2 lines long, the 2 upper lobes broadly falcate and united above the middle, the lower ones short and narrow. Standard fully twice as long as the calyx ; wings and keel considerably shorter. Ovary very shortly stipitate, glabrous or ciliate, with 6 to 10 ovules. Pod nearly sessile, glabrous, f to lin. long, rarely 2J lines broad. — Bot. Mag. t. 1493; DC. Prod. ii. 117 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 94 ; B. ovata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 303 ; B. linnccoides, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 129 ; B. nummular ia, Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 22 ; B. humilis, Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 85.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill, and in more southern localities.
In the southern specimens the stems are usually short, very slender, almost filiform, in several of the northern ones they are longer, firmer, and more branched. The size of the flowers is variable, and here and there a few flowers, possibly imperfect ones, may be found abnormally almost sessile. — Benth.
Bossicea.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
865
4. B. Scortechinii (after Rev. B. Scortechini), F . v. M. South. Science Rec. ■Jan., 1883. Shrub, diffuse, the branches not compressed, almost silky. Stipules minute, semilanceolate. Leaves scattered, ovate-oblong, the apex blunt, at first clothed with appressed hairs on both sides, afterwards glabrous. Pedicels 2 or 3 lines, or as long as the calyx, bearing a pair of minute bracteoles about the middle. Calyx silky. Petals glabrous. Pod linear-oblong, hairy. Seeds 7 to 9
Hab.: Dumaresque River.
5. B. buxifolia (Box-leaved), A. Cunn. in frield, N. S. Wales, 348; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 163. A procumbent or diffuse shrub with numerous slender terete or scarcely flattened branches, minutely but softly pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate or almost cordate, acute, 1J to nearly 3 lines long, nearly flat, coriaceous, transversely wrinkled and sprinkled with a few hairs above, loosely pubescent underneath. Pedicels much longer than the leaves, with small, broad, deciduous bracteoles above the middle. Calyx minutely pubescent, scarcely 2 lines long, the upper lobes broad truncate, as long as the tube, and more or less united, the lower ones lanceolate and much shorter. Standard broad, twice as long as the calyx; wings and keel shorter. Ovary nearly sessile, glabrous or with ciliate edges, with about 6 ovules. Pod usually f to lin. long, Jin. broad, almost sessile, the margins nerviform. — B. decumbem, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 9.
Hab.: Southern parts of the colony.
6. B. Brownii (after Robert Brown), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 163. An erect apparently stout much-branched shrub of 3 or 4ft., with the habit of B. rhombi- folia, the branches terete or slightly compressed, softly pubescent. Leaves distichous, broadly ovate, almost cordate, obtuse or mucronulate, 2 to 4 lines long, mostly oblique at the base, flat, coriaceous, loosely pubescent or hairy. Pedicels mostly shorter than the calyx, with deciduous bracteoles near the base. Caly^ about 2 lines long ; lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones broad, rounded-falcate. Petals fully twice as long as the calyx, the keel nearly as long as the standard. Ovary glabrous, on a long stipes, with usually 3 ovules. Pod f to lin. long, about 5 lines broad, the margins broad, the upper one much thickened ; the stipes longer than the calyx.
Hab.: Port Bowen, R. Brown, also in Leichhardt's Collection. Allied in foliage to B. buxifnlia. but the pod is that of B. rhombifolia. — Bentli.
7. B. rhombifolia (leaves rhomboid), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 117 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 161. A tall much-branched shrub, quite glabrous and often glaucous, the young branches often flattened. Leaves distichous, from obovate to broadly rhomboidal, usually mucronulate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long and broad, coriaceous, flat, with a prominent midrib. Pedicels shorter than the calyx, with small broad bracteoles below the middle. Calyx about 4 lines long, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones very broad and falcate, the lower ones small but nearly as long. Petals twice as long as the calyx, nearly equal in length. Ovary on a long stipes, quite glabrous, with 2 or 3 ovules. Pod f to nearly lin. long, about 4 lines broad, the margins, especially the upper one, broad and thick, the stipes longer than the calyx, the seeds often separated by a cellular substance as in B. heterophylla. — B. lenticularis, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1238, from the fig., not of Sieb.
Hab.: In the gullies of the Mantuan Downs, Mitchell; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt ; Boyne River (a variety with small obovate leaves), C. H. Hartmann (F. v. M.)
B. rotundifolia, DC. Prod. ii. 117, from “eastern New Holland,” must, from the character given, be closely allied to the above, perhaps a luxuriant variety, with the leaves 4 to 5 lines long and 5 to 6 lines broad. — Benth.
366
XLIII. LEGUMINOSrE.
[Bossieea.
8. B. heterophylla (leaves various), Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 7 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 165. A low glabrous and often glaucous shrub or undershrub; branches erect or ascending, from under 1ft. to 2ft. high, often much flattened. Leaves distichous, often distant, the lower ones ovate, obtuse or nearly orbicular, the upper ones gradually narrower or sometimes uearly all oblong or linear, the larger ones f to lin. long, rather thick and nearly veinless. Pedicels shorter than the leaves, with small bracteoles below the middle. Calyx 2f to nearly 3 lines long, the lobes all short, the upper ones very broadly falcate. Standard very broad, twice as long as the calyx ; keel rather shorter, deeply coloured. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with about 6 ovules. Pod f to lin. long, on a stipes longer than the calyx, the margins much thickened, the seeds separated by cellular tissue. — DC. Prod. ii. 117 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 271 ; Platylobium lanceolatum , Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 205; P. ovatum, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 266; Bossiaa lanceolata, Bot. Mag. t. 1144; B. ovata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 128.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill, in Hook. Herb., but possibly some error; Burleigh Heads, Rev. B. Scortechini.
9. B. ensata (sword-shaped stems), Sieb, in DC. Prod. ii. 117 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 167. An erect or procumbent glabrous leafless shrub, very variable in aspect, branches flat and winged. Flowers small, on short pedicels, with small bracteoles. Calyx rarely above 2 lines long, the keel much shorter than the standard, and glabrous. Ovary distinctly stipitate, glabrous, with about 6 ovules. Pod broad stipitate. — Sweet, FI. Austr. t. 51 ; B. rufa, Maund, Bot. t. 81 not of R. Br.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller.
10. B. Armitii (after W. E. Armit), F. v. M. Frgam. ix. 44. Plant leafless, branches f to fin. broad, wings very shortly dentate. Pedicels solitary, almost as long as the calyx. Bracts and bracteoles minute. Calyx 2 or 3 lines long, the upper lobes oblique-semiovate, the lower ones deltoid-lanceolate, bearded on the margin. Standard and wings shorter than the keel petals. Pod almost oblong, on long stipes. Seeds few.
Hab.: Gilbert River, in the fissures of rocks, R. Daintree ; Herbert River, W. E. Armit.
11. B. phylloclada (branches leaf-like), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 52 ; Tragm. ii. 120 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 168. A tall glabrous, glaucous, leafless shrub, the branches flattened and very broadly winged, the wings forming angles projecting under the nodes from f to fin.; sometimes acute and pungent-pointed ; sometimes shorter and obtuse. Pedicels solitary or more frequently clustered, rather slender, with small narrow bracteoles about the middle. Calyx 4 or 5 lines long, the 2 upper lobes as long as the tube, broadly obovate and distinct, the lower ones very small. Standard not twice as long as the calyx ; wings shorter and narrow ; keel as long as the standard or rather longer, woolly-ciliate on the edge. Ovary stipitate, glabrous, with 10 to 12 ovules. Pod above lin. long, fin. wide, very flat, with slightly thickened margins.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Br.
19. TEMPLETONIA, R. Br.
(After J. Templeton.)
(Nematophyllum, F. v. M.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes or teeth completely united or rarely distinct, 2 lateral ones often shorter, lowest one the longest. Standard orbicular or obovate, usually reflexed ; wings narrow, usually shorter than the standard ; keel as long as the standard or shorter, the petals slightly united. Stamens all united in a sheath
Templetonia .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
367
open on the upper side ; anthers alternately long and erect, and short and versatile. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with several ovules or rarely only 2 or 8 ; style incurved, filiform ; stigma small, terminal. Pod sessile or stipitate, much flattened, ovate-oblong or linear, often oblique, completely dehiscent, the valves coriaceous, without thickened sutures. Seeds strophiolate. — Glabrous shrubs or rarely undershrubs, occasionally leafless, the branches angular or sulcate-striate. Leaves when present alternate, simple, entire. Stipules minute or spinescent. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, red or yellow. Bracts 2 or 3 at the base of the pedicel as in Bossier, a, but usually very minute ; bracteoles at or above the middle.
The genus is limited to Australia. It has as much variety in habit as Bossicea, from which it differs in calyx, anthers, and pod, as well as in the striate-sulcate branches. — Benth.
Stems leafy. Stipules minute or inconspicuous. Leaves narrow-linear.
Calyx small, the lobes scarcely acute, shorter than the tube 1. T. Muelleri.
Calyx-lobes acuminate, much longer than the tube 2. T. Hookeri.
Stems leafless. Stipules minute, inconspicuous. Flowers small. Stems terete 3. T. egena.
1. T. Muelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 169. A glabrous shrub or undershrub, with a thick stock and ascending or erect virgate stems of 1 to 2ft., more or less sulcate-striate. Leaves few, the lower ones narrow-oblong, the upper ones linear, 1 to l|dn. long, or in some specimens attaining 3in., obtuse or with short recurved points, flat or concave, coriaceous, continuous or rarely when narrow showing a tendency to an articulation. Stipules minute. Pedicels solitary or 2 together, the bracteoles above the middle ^ to 1 line long. Calyx 2 to 2^ lines long, the 4 lobes nearly equal and shorter than the tube, the uppermost broad, the lowest rather longer. Standard broad, reflexed, more than twice as long as the calyx ; keel broad and nearly as long as the standard ; wings much narrower and shorter. Ovary stipitate, with about 6 ovules. Pod oblong, oblique, about fin. long and 5 lines broad, the stipes longer than the calyx ; valves convex, almost turgid. — Bossicea stcnophylla, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 9.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill, Leichhardt ; Dawson River, F. v. M.
2. T. Hookeri (after Sir J. D. Hooker), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 170. A tall slender shrub with erect branches, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves rather crowded, linear-terete or almost filiform with a short recurved point, 1 to 3in. long or even more, glabrous, usually articulate near the middle, showing that the lower portion is a petiole, with which the leaflet is occasionally continuous. Stipules minute. Pedicels filiform, often lin. long, with small bracteoles near the top. Calyx 5 to 6 lines long, the 4 lobes acuminate, longer than the tube, the uppermost with an inflexed point, the lateral ones shorter, the lowest considerably the longest. Petal-claws short ; standard broad, 6 to 7 lines long ; keel about as long ; wings much smaller. Ovary stipitate, with about 6 ovules. Pod f to above lin. long, about 4 lines broad, on a stipes longer than the calyx, oblique when young, but scarcely so when full grown ; valves coriaceous, slightly convex. — Ncmatophyllum Hookeri, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 20.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broivn.
3. T. egena (destitute of leaves), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 170. A tall glabrous, leafless shrub, with numerous erect terete sulcate branches, the nodes hearing only minute protuberances. Pedicels solitary or 2 together, rarely 1 line long, with small orbicular bracteoles close under the calyx. Calyx 1£ line long or rather more, with 5 nearly equal broad obtuse teeth, much shorter than the tube, the lowest rather the longest. Petals on rather long claws, scarcely twice as long as the calyx, the standard rather longer than the others. Ovary shortly
368
XLIII. LEGUM1N0S.E.
[Templctonia.
stipitate, with 6 to 8 ovules. Pod nearly sessile, obliquely long, 6 to 8 lines long and about 4 broad, the valves very coriaceous and slightly convex. — Dariesia egena, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 118 ; Bossiaxi egena, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 43 ; Fragm. iii. 94.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant by F. v. M. in Census Austr. Plants.
20. HOVEA, R. Br.
(After A. P. Hove.)
(Poiretia, Sm.; Plagiolobium, Sweet; Platychilum, Delawn.)
Calyx, upper lobes united into a broad truncate upper lip, entire or slightly emarginate, the 3 lower ones much smaller, lanceolate. Petals clawed ; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate ; wings shorter, obliquely obovate, auriculate on the inner side at the base ; keel much shorter, slightly incurved, obtuse, the petals slightly cohering. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side and sometimes split also on the lower side, or rarely the uppermost stamens, and very rarely the lowest free ; anthers alternately long and erect and short and versatile. Ovary sessile or stipitate with 2 or rarely more ovules ; style incurved, rather thick ; stigma terminal. Pod sessile or stipitate, turgid, very obliquely globular or ovoid, the valves at length entirely separating. Seeds reniform on short funicles, strophiolate. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or prickly-
toothed, glabrous above, often tomentose underneath. Stipules setaceous, minute or none. Flowers blue or purple, in axillary clusters on very short racemes or rarely solitary.
The genus is entirely Australian, and easily recognised by the habit, the calyx, the colour of the flower and short turgid pod, although it is closely connected with Templctonia, through H.
longipes. — Benth.
Ovary and pod sessile.
Pod glabrous or slightly pubescent.
Stems erect. Leaves numerous, long, mostly narrow-linear . . . . 1. H. linearis.
Stems decumbent. Lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate or linear 2. H. lieterophylla.
Leaves narrowed at both ends 3. H. acntifolia.
Pod tomentose or villous. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or linear, obtuse at
both ends 4. H. longifolia.
Ovary and pod stipitate, always glabrous. Leaves with numerous oblique
parallel veins. Calyx lower lobes nearly as long as the upper . ... 5 . H. longipes.
1. H . linearis (linear leaves), R. Br. in Ait. Hart. Kew ed. 2, iv. 275; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 172. Apparently a low shrub, with erect not much-branched stems, of 1 to 2ft., closely tomentose or pubescent or at length nearly glabrous. Leaves nearly all narrow-linear, 1^ to Sin. long, obtuse with a small point, coriaceous with recurved margins, more or less reticulate, quite glabrous or pubescent underneath, the lower ones occasionally lanceolate or oblong-elliptical. Flowers rather small, solitary or 2 or 3 in each axil, on very short pedicels. Calyx about 2 lines long, more or less silky-hairy. Staminal sheath open on the upper side only. Ovary glabrous. Pod sessile, glabrous, about 4 lines broad and long. — DC. Prod. ii. 115 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1222?; Poiretia linearis, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 304.
Hab.: Southern parts of the colony.
This very much resembles the long linear-leaved varieties of H. longifolia. It appears to be a smaller plant, the leaves are not so coriaceous, the flowers smaller and the pod shorter, and always quite glabrous. The specimens figured, Bot. Beg. t. 463, and in Paxt. Mag. xii. 75, seem to connect this also with the following. — Benth.
2. XI. heterophylla (various-leaved), A. Cunn. in Hook. FI. rTasm. i. 93, t. 15 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 172. Very closely allied to H. linearis, and perhaps a variety only, although usually very different in aspect. Stems decumbent or prostrate at the base, with ascending or erect slender branches, clothed with a
Hovea. J
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
369
short close tomentum. Lower leaves ovate, intermediate ones lanceolate, the uppermost narrow, or sometimes quite linear, and rarely above l^in. long, obtuse or almost acute, the margins often recurved, reticulate and glabrous or slightly hairy underneath. Flowers of H. longifolia or rather larger. Calyx 2 to 3 lines long, the lower lobes sometimes nearly as long as the upper lip, but very narrow. Ovary and pod of H. longifolia, but quite glabrous or shortly pubescent.
Hab.: Stradbroke Island, Fraser, A. Cunningham; Sandstone Hills, towards Brisbane, Leichhardt ; Severn Kiver, C. H. Hartmann. Flowering in July.
3. XI. acutifolia (leaves acute), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Sgst. ii. 126; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 174. A tall shrub, allied to the var. pannosa of H. longifolia, but with the leaves always narrowed at both ends. Branches densely tomentose-villous. Leaves elliptical-oblong or lanceolate, acuminate or acute, narrowed at the base, mostly 2 to 3in. long, and the larger ones lin. broad in the middle, the margins slightly recurved, densely but minutely reticulate above, loosely tomentose-villous underneath, the primary veins few, nearly transverse or arcuate. Flowers in clusters of 2 or 3, like those of H. longifolia, var. pannosa or rather larger. Ovary sessile, tomentose-villous. Pod rhomboid- ovate, sessile, 6 to 8 lines long, black when ripe, turgid almost glabrous.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others; Pine River, Fitzalan ; common on southern coast lands.
Wood close-grained, firm, yellow.- — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 115.
4. H. longifolia (long-leaved), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. iv. 275 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 172. A stout, erect shrub, attaining 8 to 10ft. ; branches usually erect, softly tomentose or the smaller varieties bushy and stunted. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, obtuse, with or without a small callous point, all under fin. long in some varieties, in others all above 2in., thickly coriaceous, with flat recurved or revolute margins, glabrous above and smooth and shining or densely reticulate, the primary veins when conspicuous transverse or arcuate, more or less rusty tomentose underneath. Flowers sometimes white (F. v. M.), very shortly pedicellate in axillary clusters, which sometimes grow out into interrupted spikes or racemes, or rarely solitary. Bracts and bracteoles small, usually obtuse. Calyx tomentose, 2 to 3 lines long ; lobes all short, the upper broad truncate lip not much longer than the lower lobes, which are usually more obtuse than in H. linearis. Standard twice as long as the calyx. Staminal tube open on the upper side only. Ovary tomentose. Pod sessile, 4 to 6 lines broad, softly rusty-tomentose or almost villous.
Hab.: Near Mount Owen, Mitchell; Newcastle Range and Suttor River, F. v. Mueller; Shoalwater Bay passages, R. Brown ; Moreton Bay, A Cunningham ; near Warwick, Beckler ; Ipswich, Nernst; to Rockingham Bay.
Leaves sometimes on the inland plants infested with Asterina Hoveafolia, Cke. and Mass.
The following forms, usually considered as distinct species, pass into each other by such insensible gradations, that I am unable to distinguish them otherwise than as varieties. — Benth.
Var. normalis. Leaves linear with revolute margins, usually 1£ to 3in. long, but in some specimens shorter. Flower-clusters often shortly racemose. — H. longifolia, Bot. Reg. t. 614 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 994 ; H. racemulosa, Benth. in Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 4 (the supposed Swan River origin probably a garden mistake). Some specimens are very difficult to distinguish from H. linearis. — Benth.
Var. lanceolata. Leaves oblong or lanceolate or broadly linear, with flat or recurved margins, § to 3in. long, often rather thick, closely but often densely tomentose underneath. — 11. lanceolata, ftims, Bot. Mag. t. 1624; Bot. Reg. t. 1427 (a weak slender form?); DC. Prod. ii. 115; H. apiculata, A. Cunn , and H. mucronata, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 126 ; II. purpurea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1457 ; Maund, Botanist, t. 72 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 93, but scarcely of Sweet ; H. Becltleri, F. v. M. in Lirmeea, xxv. 391.- -Extends over the whole range of the species and the most common form. The more northern specimens have often elongated interrupted inflorescences, and the tomentum of the under side of the leaves thin and pale-coloured. — Benth.
Var. pannosa. Leaves linear or oblong, rather large and very coriaceous, the tomentum soft and dense, often almost woolly. Flowers rather large, in close clusters, the calyx densely hirsute, the lower lobes narrow and acute. Pod often rusty-woolly. — H. purpurea, Sweet, FI.
370
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
[Hovea.
Austr. t. 13 ; Bot. Beg. t. 1423 ; H. villosa, Lindl. in Bot. Beg. t. 1512 ; H. pannosa, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3053 ; H. lanigera, Lodd. in Steud. Nom. Bot- ed. 2 ; H. ramulosa, A. Cunn. in Bot. Beg., under n. 4 (a narrow-leaved form connecting it with the normal variety). — Benth. Palmer Biver in the north, and Helidon and other localities in the south.
5. H. longipes (stipes long), Benth. in Huey. Emm. 37, and FI. Austr. ii. 174. A tall shrub or small tree resembling at first sight some forms of H. lonyi- folia, but readily distinguished by the venation of the leaf as well as by the flower and fruit. Branches, under side of the leaves and calyxes hoary or slightly rusty, with a close or soft tomentum. Leaves from oval-elliptical to oblong or lanceo- late, obtuse with a minute callous point, f to lfin. long, coriaceous with slightly recurved margins, glabrous above and marked with numerous oblique parallel slightly reticulate primary veins. Flowers usually 2 or 3 together, each on a pedicel longer than the calyx, with 2 minute bracteoles near the end. Calyx very broadly campanulate, scarcely 2 lines long, the lobes or teeth all very short, the upper lip broad and truncate, but scarcely exceeding the lower lobes. Standard very broad, twice as long as the calyx. Ovary quite glabrous. Pod 4 or 5 lines broad and long, very coriaceous, quite glabrous, on a stipes from the length of the calyx to twice as long. — H. leiocarpa, Benth. Mitch. Trop. Austr. 289.
Hab.: Bockingham Bay ; Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; dry forest and sheltered valleys, Mantuan Downs and Maranoa Biver, Mitchell; Burdekin Biver, F. v. Mueller; edge of the scrub, near Bockhampton, Thozet ; Fitzroy Biver, Bowman.
Wood a dark-yellow and of pretty figure, close-grained, and very hard ; should be useful in turnery. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 115a.
21. GOODIA, Salisb.
(After Dr. Mason Good.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes united in a 2-toothed upper lip, 3 lower ones equal. Petals clawed ; standard orbicular ; wings narrow ; keel broader, incurved, obtuse. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side ; anthers all versatile, alternately smaller. Disk annular between the stamens and ovary. Ovary stipitate, with 2 to 4 ovules ; style subulate, incurved ; stigma small, terminal. Pod stipitate, flat, valves thin with a nerviform edge. Seeds strophiolate. — Shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, with entire leaflets. Flowers yellow mixed with purple, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Stipules, bracts and bracteoles membranous, but so deciduous as to he rarely seen but in very young branches or racemes.
The genus is limited to Australia , and although nearly allied to Bossiaa in its flowers and fruit, has the inflorescence of Crotalaria, and differs from all other Genistea; in its pinnately trifoliolate leaves. It would therefore be equally well placed under Galegece.— Benth.
G. (1) polysperma, DC. Prod. ii. 117, is Argyrolobium Andrewsianum, Steud., a South African, not an Australian plant.
G. retusa, Mackay, and G. suhpubescens, Sweet, in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2, are unpublished garden names, probably of some varieties of G. lotifolia. — Benth.
1. Gr. lotifolia (Lotus-leaved), Salisb. Parad. Loud. t. 41 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 177. A tall much-branched shrub, either quite glabrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent and often glaucous. Leaflets ovate or obovate, very obtuse, x to fin. long, the lateral ones usually at a considerable distance from the terminal one, the petiole slender. Racemes loose, many-flowered, 2 to 4in. long. Calyx 21 to 3 lines long, the lower lobes linear-lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube, the upper lip very broad, more or less 2-toothed at the top. Standard about twice as long as the calyx, notched, yellow with a purple base ; lower petals rather shorter. Pod varying from f to nearly lin. long and 3 to 4 lines broad, on a stipes much longer than the calyx, the upper suture often dilated, the valves thin
Goodia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
871
with transverse reticulations sometimes very prominent, sometimes scarcely perceptible. — DC. Prod. ii. 117; Bot. Mag. t. 958; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 696 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 97 ; Meissn. in. PI. Preiss. i. 88.
Hab.: Mount Lindsay and other parts of southern Queensland.
G. medicaginea, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 10, the prevailing Continental form, with shorter and smoother pods, passes gradually into the more common Tasmanian form. — Benth.
22. CROTALARIA, Linn.
(From the Greek, on account of the seeds rattling in the dry pods.)
Calyx-lobes nearly equal, or the 2 upper ones and the 3 lower ones more or less united. Standard orbicular or ovate ; wings shorter ; keel incurved or angled, terminating inwards in a straight or incurved beak. Stamens all united in a sheath, open along the upper side ; anthers alternately long and erect and short and versatile. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with 2 or more ovules ; style much incurved or suddenly bent inwards, with a longitudinal line of hairs above the middle on the inner side (sometimes very small) ; stigma terminal. Pod turgid or inflated, continuous inside. Seeds not strophiolate, on slender funicles. — Herbs or shrubs. Leaves simple or digitately compound with 1,3 or (in species not Australian) 5 or 7 leaflets often marked with pellucid dots. Stipules free from the petiole, occasionally decurrent along the stem, frequently small or wanting. Flowers yellow or blue, in simple terminal racemes, becoming some- times leaf-opposed, with a bract, often very small, under each pedicel and minute bracteoles adnate to the calyx-tube or just below it.
A very large and well-marked genus, widely dispersed over the tropical and warm regions both of the New and the Old World.
Series I. Alatae. — Diffuse or suberect pubescent perennials. Leaves simple. Stipules decurrent as a persistent wing to the branches. Racemes all lateral, leaf -opposed, 1 toU-flowered. Pod stipitate, linear-oblong , glabrous.
Suberect, stipular wing broad. Leaves thin-oblong, obtuse, or subacute.
Peduncles elongated, often leafy. Pods long stalked 1. C. alata.
Series II. Simplicifolise. — Leaves simple, continuous with the short petiole, the Australian species all herbs or undershrubs.
Ovary and pod pubescent or villous.
Leaves ovate. Stipules leafy, semilunar or falcate. Flowers blue . . 2. C. verrucosa.
Leaves oblong, linear, or rarely obovate. Stipules setaceous or none.
Flowers yellow.
Ovules 2, Pod usually 1-seeded, not exceeding the calyx. Flowers
small 3. C. crispata.
Ovules numerous. Pods many-seeded, above lin. long. Flowers
rather large 4. C.juncea.
Ovary and pod quite glabrous.
Upper leaves usually linear. Petals and pod not exceeding the calyx.
Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, silky-pubescent or shortly villous, the 2 upper lobes united 5. C. linifolia.
Calyx lin. long, densely hirsute with long spreading hairs, the upper lobes free • 7. C. calycina.
Leaves round-oblong. Peduncles 3 to 6-flowered. Bracts and corolla
very small. Pod oblong, 6 to 8-seeded 6. C. humifusa.
Upper leaves broad, oblong-cuneate or rarely almost linear. Petals and pod much longer than the calyx.
Leaves oblong-cuneate. Flowers large in loose racemes. Calyx
4 to 6 lines ; pod l£in. long 8. G. retusa.
Leaves oval-elliptical or oval-lanceolate. Flowers numerous in
dense racemes. Calyx not above 3 lines, pod under fiu. long . . 9. C. Mitchelli.
Series III. Unifoliolatte. — Leaves simple, the petiole articulate or geniculate above the middle. Stem shrubby.
Flowers under Jin. long ; standard obtuse.
Leaves pubescent or villous, at least underneath. Stipules none or
not decurrent 10. C. Novce-Hollandice.
Whole plant quite glabrous. Stipules decurrent 11. C. crassipes.
Flowers ljin. long or more ; standard acute or acuminate 12. C. Cunninghamii.
372 XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE. [ Crotalaria .
Series IV. Digritatae.— Leaves all or mostly compound with 3 rarely 5 digitate leaflets. Herbs or shrubs.
Ovules 2. Pod small, as broad as long. Herb with small flowers . . 13. C. trifoliastruin.
Ovules many. Pod oblong, much longer than the calyx.
Ovary and pod sessile or nearly so.
Calyx deeply lobed. Standard almost acute, slightly exceeding the
calyx. Pod hirsute with spreading hairs 14. C. incana.
Calyx divided to the middle. Standard broad and obtuse, much longer than the calyx. Pod pubescent, tomentose, or almost glabrous 15. C. dissitijlora.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate. Corolla twice as long as the calyx. Pod
shortly stalked, nearly glabrous 16. C. striata.
Ovary and pod on a long stipes. Flowers large.
Leaflets 3. Standard acute 17. C. laburnifolia.
Leaflets usually 5. Standard very obtuse 18. C. quinquefolia.
1. *C. alata (winged), Hamilt.; J. G. Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 69. An erect soft-wooded shrub, 1 to 4ft. high, stem and leaves clothed with a short silky pubescence. Leaves subsessile, from obovate to obovate-oblong, 2 to 4in. long. Stipules forming wings from one node to nearly the next, lanceolate deltoid. Racemes bearing few yellow flowers, on elongated often leafy peduncles. Bracts small, persistent, ovate, acuminate. Calyx about 5 lines long, densely silky, tube campanulate. Bracteoles inserted above the base. Corolla not much exserted. Pod linear-oblong, long-stalked, glabrous, about 2in. long. Seeds 30 to 40.
Hab.: An Indian species now naturalised in many localities.
2. C. verrucosa (warted), Linn.: DC. Prod. ii. 125; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 179. A stout erect minutely pubescent annual of 1| to 3ft.; branches divaricate with prominent angles almost winged. Leaves usually ovate-rhomboidal, 2 to 4in. long, but passing sometimes into ovate-acuminate or almost lanceolate and 5 or Gin. long, always very obtuse. Stipules semilunar or falcate, horizontally spreading. Flowers pale-blue, in loose terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Calyx about 4 lines long, the lobes acuminate, longer than the tube, all free, the lowest rather the narrowest. Standard broad, above |fn. diameter. Ovary sessile, very villous all over or on the inner side, with above 20 ovules. Pod oblong, villous, 1^ to 2in. long. — Wight, Ic. t. 200 ; Bot. Mag. 3034 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 29 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 54, ix. 156.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Armit; Endeavour River, It. Broicn ; Cape Upstart, M‘Gillivray ; Bowen River, Bowman; Rockhampton, Tliozet ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy.
The species is common in East India, and is now spread over many parts of tropical Africa and America. — Benth.
3. C. crispata (crispate), F. v. M. Herb.; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 179. A low much-branched softly villous herb, the stems diffuse or ascending and not exceeding 1ft. Leaves from obovate-oblong to narrow oblong-cuneate, or broadly linear, very obtuse, ^ to lin. long, villous on both sides. Flowers small, few, in short loose terminal racemes. Bracts and bracteoles minute, ovate-acute or lanceolate, villous outside, glabrous inside. Calyx about 3 lines long, deeply cleft, the 3 lower lobes shortly united, the 2 upper ones broader, all lanceolate, very glabrous and sometimes viscous inside, villous outside, the margins often recurved and crisped after flowering. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Ovary sessile, very villous, with 2 ovules. Pod ovoid, villous, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Seed usually solitary, black and shining.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
This plant is referred by F. v. Mueller, Fragm. iii. 55, to C. ramosissima, Roxb., which it resembles in many respects, but which, in its large flowers and broad reflexed viscous bracts, is nearer to C. lunulata, Heyne (India). Both these species are allied to C. paniculata (Trop. Asia), and C. crispata is undoubtedly connected with them, although rather more distinct from all than they are from each other. — Benth.
Crotalaria .]
XLIII. LEGUMIN0S2E.
378
4. C. juncea (rash-like), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 125 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 179. An erect annual, attaining many feet, with few, erect, sulcate-striate, silky- pubescent branches. Leaves simple, nearly sessile, oblong or linear, obtuse, 1 to 3in., or when narrow, 4in. long or more, glabrous above or nearly so, pubescent underneath. Flowers rather large, yellow, not numerous, in a long terminal raceme. Calyx tomentose, 4 to 6 or even 7 lines long, deeply divided into narrow- lanceolate nearly equal lobes, the 2 upper ones truncate or booked at the top. Petals slightly exceeding the calyx, the standard usually pubescent, and some- times purpurascent (F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 156). Ovary sessile, villous, with about 20 ovules. Pod above lin. long, densely clothed with a rusty tomentum. — Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 422; Bot. Mag. t. 490; Roxb. Cor. PL t. 198; W. and Arn. Prod. FI. Ind. 185 (with the synonyms given); F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 51 ; C. fenestrata, Bot. Mag. 1933, and t. 26, ix. in Rbeede Hurt. Mai.
Hab.: Broadsound, Ii. Brown ; Logan River, Fraser ; Port Denison, Bowman ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; Wide Bay, Leichhardt.
The species is common in East India, where it is much cultivated for the fibrous bark, used as a substitute for hemp under the name of Sunn.- -Benth.
5. C. linifolia (flax-leaved), Linn, f.; DC. Prod. ii. 128; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 180. A perennial with a thick rhizome, or sometimes annual, exceedingly variable in aspect, usually silky pubescent or villous, sometimes clothed with long spreading hairs or with a close or woolly white tomentum, often drying black. Stems erect or ascending, from a few inches to 1-J-ft. high. Leaves simple, the lower ones, or nearly all in the smaller forms, obovate or oblong, obtuse and mostly under |in. long, the upper ones, or nearly all in the elongated varieties, narrow-oblong or linear, 1 to 2in. long, obtuse or almost acute. Flowers small, yellow, in loose terminal racemes. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, divided nearly to the base into 2 lips, the upper one 2- toothed, the lower one 3-lobed to the middle. Petals not exceeding the calyx. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with 10 to 20 ovules. Pod ovoid-globular, scarcely exceeding the calyx. — W. and Arn. Prod. FI. Ind. 190; Benth. in. Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 569; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 55; C. stenopliylla, Vog.; Benth. l.c. ; C. melanocarpa, Wall.; Benth. l.c.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown : Endeavour River, Keppel Bay, Shoal- water Bay, &c., It. Broivn ; Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Percy Island, A. Cunningham; Rock- hampton, Thozet and others; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Moreton Bay, M‘Gillivray, F. v. Mueller, and others. A very common plant in Queensland.
R. Brown’s herbarium comprises a particularly instructive series of specimens connecting the different forms, which have at first sight the appearance of distinct species. Amidst all these varieties the species is easily recognised by the calyx and pod. —Benth.
6. C. humifusa (low-spreading habit), Grah.; J. G. Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 67. Stems slender, flexuose, much branched, densely clothed with short spreading, yellow-brown silky hairs. Leaves nearly sessile, very obtuse, mem- branous, pale, glaucous on the under side, equal at the base, \ to lin. long. Peduncles curved, densely silky, usually two or three times as long as the leaves, sometimes leafy below. Pedicels cernuous, lower as long as the calyx. Calyx about 1|- line long, densely silky ; teeth linear, very long. Corolla yellowish, not exserted. Pod long stalked, 3 lines long. Seeds 6 to 8.
Hab.: Here and there from Brisbane River to Rockingham Bay.
7. C. calycina (calyx large), Scliranck , PI. Rar. Hort. Monac. t. 12 ; Bmth. FI. Austr. ii. 180. A decumbent or nearly erect annual, 1 to l^ft. high, not much branched, villous with appressed or scarcely spreading hairs. Leaves simple, nearly sessile, from short and oblong to lanceolate or linear and 2 to 6in. long, glabrous or nearly so above, villous underneath. Flowers in terminal racemes, remarkable for their large pendulous calyx, often fully lin. or more long, thickly covered with long spreading rusty hairs, deeply divided into nearly equal
374
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[ Crotalaria .
lobes, the 2 upper ones rather broader. Petals pale yellow, shorter than the calyx. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with above 30 ovules. Pod oblong, not exceeding the calyx. — Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 564; C. anthylloides, D. Don; W. and Arn. Prod. FI. Ind. 181, and of some others, not of Lam.
Hab.: Islands of Torres Straits ; Endeavour River and Broadsound, 7?. Brown ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Fitzroy River, Dallachy ; Port Deuison, Fitzalan.
8. C. retusa (blunt leaves), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 125 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 181. An erect perennial or undershrub of 1^ to 3ft., with few stiff erect branches, hoary with a short pubescence. Leaves simple, cuneate-oblong, very obtuse or retuse, 1^ to 3in. long, glabrous above, hoary or silky-pubescent underneath. Flowers yellow, rather large, pendulous. Bracts and bracteoles as in the other Australian species small and narrow. Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, slightly pubescent, the tube broad, the lobes longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones rather broader, the lateral ones shortly united with the narrow lowest one. Standard broadly orbicular, J to lin. diameter. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with 18 to 20 ovules. Pod glabrous, much inflated, often attaining lAin. in length. — Bot. Reg. t. 253 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2561 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 187 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. ix. t. 25 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 51.
Hab.: Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy, and many other localities in tropical Queensland.
The species is widely spread over the warmer regions of the globe, both in the New and the Old World, but chiefly near the sea. — Benth.
9. C. IVIitchelli (after Sir T. Mitchell), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 120, and FI. Austr. ii. 181. A perennial with a thick stock and erect branching stems of 1^ to 3ft., more or less pubescent or tomentose. Leaves ovate-elliptical, ovate- lanceolate, or rarely almost obovate or narrow-oblong, obtuse but usually less so than in C. retusa, 2 to 3 or rarely 4in. long, glabrous above, hoary or loosely pubescent underneath. Flowers much smaller and more numerous than in C. retusa, in a dense terminal raceme often attaining 4 to 6in. Calyx rarely 3 lines long, slightly pubescent, the lobes scarcely longer than the tube. Standard 5 to 6 lines diameter. Ovary sessile, glabrous, with 8 to 10 ovules. Pod under lin. long.
Hab.: Bed of the Balonne River, Mitchell ; Dawson and Brisbane Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
Much as the shape of the leaves varies, they are always broader and less cuneate than in C. retusa, and the pellucid dots are much less conspicuous. — Benth.
The three following species appear to be anomalous in the development of their flowers. Most of the specimens of C. Novte-Hollandice have the lower buds of the raceme still unopened whilst the upper ones are fully out, and I have observed it also in one or two racemes of C. Cunninghamii, in another I see undeveloped buds irregularly mixed. The only 2 specimens of C. crassipes are not in a state to show the order of development. It remains, however, as yet doubtful whether the inflorescence is really centrifugal, or whether the develobment of the lower buds has been from some cause retarded after their first appearance. — Benth.
10. C. Novae-Hollandiae (of New Holland [Australia]), DC. Prod. ii. 127; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 181. An erect shrub, of 2 or 3ft., with terete or angular closely tomentose branches. Leaves oval-elliptical or oblong, very obtuse, 2 to 3in. long, glabrous or pubescent above, silky-pubescent, tomentose or villous underneath, the petiole from J to Jin. long, more or less distinctly articu- late or geniculate above the middle. Flowers yellow, rather numerous, in terminal racemes, variable in size. Bracts small and narrow. Calyx about 3 to 3| lines long, the lobes all acuminate, nearly equal and scarcely longer than the tube. Standard 6 to 8 lines diameter, glabrous. Ovary sessile, pubescent or villous,
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
375
Crotalaria .]
with 15 to 20 ovules or even more. Pod 1 to l£in. long, tomentose-pubescent, or at length nearly glabrous. — C. oblonyi folia. Hook. Ic. PI. under n. 830 ; C. Mitchelii, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 50, not of Benth.
Hab.. Gulf of Carpentaria to Brisbane Biver.
The species contains the 3 following rather marked forms : —
a. parvijUyra. Leaves glabrous above. Flowers small. Pod oblong, about fin. long.
b. oblongifolia. Leaves glabrous above or slightly pubescent. Flowers rather large. Pod above lin. long, much inflated.
c. lasiophylla. Leaves softly pubescent on both sides. Flowers rather large. Bracts closely reflexed. — Benth.
11. C. crassipes (stalks thick), Hook. Ic. PI. t. 830; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 182. Apparently a tall and erect plant, closely allied to C. Novce-Hollanilice, with the same oblong or elliptical obtuse leaves on articulate or geniculate petioles, but the whole plant is perfectly glabrous, and the subulate stipules and the back of the petiole are continued below the insertion of the leaf into raised angles shortly decurrent on the stem. The inflorescence is that of C. Novce-Hollanilice, the flowers rather larger and the calyx-lobes rather longer. The ovary is as glabrous as the rest of the plant.
The Flora Australiensis description is given because I have had fragmentary specimens from northern Queensland which I considered might probably belong to this species.
12. C. Cunninghamii (after Allan Cunningham), Ii. Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 8 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 182. A shrub of 2 to 3ft. (F. v. M., Fragm. ix. 156, says it attains the height in some localities of 20ft. and also that the leaves are sometimes trifoliolate), with softly tomentose terete or slightly angular branches. Leaves ovate, usually broad, very obtuse, 14 to 3in. long, densely and softly tomentose-pubescent or villous on both sides, the petiole £ to fin. long, articulate or geniculate above the middle. Stipules and bracts softly subulate, sometimes rather long, but very deciduous. Racemes terminal, usually short and dense, sometimes reduced to a sessile cluster, rarely 4 to 5in. long. Flowers very large, of a yellowish-green colour, more or less streaked with dark lines. Calyx tomentose, the tube about 3 lines long, the lobes varying from that length to twice as long, all nearly equal. Standard ovate, acuminate, about l|in. long when fully developed ; keel rather longer ; wings shorter. Ovary shortly stipi- tate, villous, with 20 or more ovules. Pod coriaceous, tomentose, 14in. long. — Hook. Ic. PI. t. 829 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 52.
Hab : The Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller, Leichhardt, and many other parts of tropical Queensland.
13. C. trifoliastrum (leaves 3-foliolate), Willd.; W. and Am. Prod. 191 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 183. A perennial with rather slender erect ascending or decumbent branching stems, usually 1 to 2ft. high, more or less pubescent. Leaflets 3, usually oblong-cuneate, but varying from obovate and under |in. long to linear-cuneate and about lin. long, very obtuse or retuse, glabrous above, hoary or pubescent underneath, the petiole slender. Flowers usually small, but variable in size, in terminal racemes of 1 to 3in. Calyx pubescent, about 2 lines long, the lobes narrow and much longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones rather smaller than the others. Standard broad, exceeding the calyx, but usually shorter than the straight beak of the keel. Ovary sessile, pubescent, with 2 ovules. Pod about 2 lines broad and not longer, tapering into a short hooked point, pubescent or nearly glabrous.— Wight, Ic. t. 421.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
F. v. Mueller, Fragm. iii. 5G and ix. 157, unites this with C. medicaginea, Lam., but the latter appears to be always prostrate, with small broad leaflets, unless when drawn up in luxuriant
Pari II. Ii
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
,376
[Crotalaria.
grass, the racemes much shorter, the flowers smaller, the standard larger in proportion to the keel, &c. — Benth.
F. v. Mueller’s herbarium contains also a single imperfect specimen from the Gulf of Carpen- taria, Landsborough, allied to C. trifoliastrum, but evidently shrubby, with woolly tomentose branches and larger flowers, closely resembling C. Notonii, W. and Am. Prod. ii. 192 (the same as C. rostrata, W. and Am. l.c. 191), but the materials are insufficient for ascertaining whether it be a distinct species. — Benth.
14. C. incana (hoary), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 132 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 188. An erect herb, usually annual, attaining 2 or 8ft., the branches tomentose, pubescent or rusty-villous. Leaflets 3, obovate or orbicular, very obtuse, usually L to lin. long, glabrous above, more or less ciliate on the edge and sometimes hairy underneath, on a long common petiole. Flowers small, yellow, in short terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Calyx 8 to 4 lines long or rarely rather more, the lobes finely acuminate, several times longer than the small tube. Standard as long as or rather longer than the calyx, broad, but almost acuminate ; wings narrow ; keel nearly as long as the standard ; anthers smaller than in most species and rather less disproportioned. Ovary sessile, villous, with numerous densely crowded ovules. Pod sessile, 1 to ljin. long, usually much inflated and hirsute with spreading hairs. — Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. "Leg. 27 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 53 ; C. affinis, DC. Prod. ii. 132 ; C. herhacea, Schweigg. in Schranck, Syll. PI. Ratisb. ii. 77; C. cubetisis, DC. Prod. ii. 131; C. Schimperi, A. Rich. FI. Abyss, i. 151.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, B. Brou n ; Moreton Island and Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton and Bowen River, Bowman, Dallachy ; common at Sandgate.
The species is widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World.
15. C. dissitiflora (flowers scattered), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 386, and FI. Austr. ii. 184. An erect perennial, of 1 to 2ft., the branches hoary or silky- tomentose. Leaflets usually 3, broadly obovate, oblong, or rarely almost linear, very obtuse, rarely above lin. long, and often much smaller, usually glabrous above and hoary-tomentose or silky underneath, rarely glabrous or villous on both sides. Flowers yellow, in a rather loose terminal raceme, often elongating to 5 or 6in. Calyx 2 to 3 lines long, the lobes rarely longer than the tube, and all nearly equal. Standard broad, twice as long as the calyx; keel rather shorter. Ovary shortly stipitate, more or less pubescent or villous, with 10 to 12 ovules. Pod pubescent, tomentose, or nearly glabrous.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborough: Balonne River, Mitchell; Suttor River, F. v. Mueller; Broadsound, Bowman; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; heads of the Isaacs and Bowen Rivers, Bowman. The varieties are met with towards Cooper’s Creek.
Yar. erevuea. Leaflets narrow, the lateral ones often small or wanting, softly tomentose, hoary or white.
Var. rugosa. Leaves soft, silky-villous on both sides. Flowers small.
16. C. Striata (streaked flowers), DC.; J. G. Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 84. Stem 1 to 3ft. high, erect, the young branches slightly silky-hairy. Stipules small, setaceous, deciduous. Petioles 1J to 3in. long. Leaflets 3, oblong or obovate-oblong, shortly stalked, the central one 2 or 3in. long, 1 to 1 Jin. broad, blunt with a minute point, greenish on both sides, at first silky on the under side. Flowers in terminal racemes of 6 to 9in. Bracts setaceous, deciduous, silky, 2 or 3 lines long. Pedicels 1 to 1J line long, finely silky. Calyx Jin. long, teeth lanceolate-acuminate, equalling the tube. Corolla bright-yellow, marked with dark lines, twice as long as the calyx. Pod linear, distinctly stalked, 1 to ljin. long, 2J to 3 lines broad, glabrescent, seeds about 20. — Bot. Mag. t. 8200.
Hab.: Common in the Brisbane district.
Crotalaria.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSvE.
377
17. C. laburnifolia (Laburnum-leaved), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 130; Benth. LI. Austr. ii. 184. An erect glabrous shrub of several feet, with rather slender terete branches. Leaflets 3, petiolulate, ovate, mostly acute, 1 to 2in. long, on a rather long common petiole. Flowers large, yellow, in loose terminal or leaf- opposed racemes. Calyx 5 to 6 lines long, the lobes acuminate, much longer than the broad tube. Standard broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, fully fin. long ; wings not half so long, broad, with the transverse folds particularly prominent ; keel with a long straight beak, as long as the standard. Ovary on a long stipes, glabrous, with 20 to 30 or more ovules. Pod ljin. long or more, on a stipes much longer than the calyx. — Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. 27 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 193; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 53.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay ; Cape Cleveland, A. Cunningham; Cape Upstart, ALGillivray ; sandy shores of the Burdekin, Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Burdekin and Bowen Rivers, Bowman.
The species is common on the sandy coasts of East India. — Benth.
18. C. quinquefolia (five-foliolate), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 135 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 184. An erect annual, attaining 3 or 4ft., with a hollow stem, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaflets from 3 to 7, usually 5, lanceolate or linear, obtuse, 1^ to 3in. long or the central one longer, almost sessile on a rather long common petiole. Flowers large, yellow, in loose terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed. Calyx 5 to 6 lines long, the lobes broad, acumi- nate, scarcely longer than the tube. Standard broad, very obtuse, about fin. diameter ; wings rather shorter ; keel with an acute curved beak. Pod glabrous, about 2in. long, on a stipes equal to or longer than the calyx. — W. and Arn. Prod. 194 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. t. 28.
Hab.: On the lower Burdekin River, Bowman.
The species is generally dispersed over E. India and the Archipelago.
23. *LUPINUS, Linn.
(Said to be derived from lupus, a wolf ; on account of the plant being supposed to destroy the fertility of the soil.)
Calyx deeply 2-lipped, upper lip entire or emarginate, lower slightly 3-toothed. Standard ovate, wings large, oblong, including the small upcurved rostrate keel. Stamens united in a close tube. Ovary sessile, ovules many. Style slender, upcurved, glabrous. Stigma capitate, ciliate. Pod compressed, silky, septate between the seeds, 2-valved.
A large genus almost entirely American.
Now and again one or more species of this genus is met with as a stray from garden culture.
24. TRIGONELLA, Linn.
(Flowers triangular.)
Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Petals free from the staminal tube ; standard obovate or oblong, narrowed at the base but scarcely clawed ; wings and keel shorter, obtuse. Upper stamen free or at first united with the others ; filaments not dilated ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform. Pod either linear straight or curved, or in species not Australian flat and falcate, or short with a long beak, 2-valved or indehiscent. Seeds not strophiolate. — Herbs, often strong-scented. Leaves pinnately 3- foliolate, the leaflets usually denticulate. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers yellow, white or blue, in axillary heads, umbels, or short racemes.
The genus is rather numerous in species in the warmer extratropical regions of the northern hemisphere in the Old World, one of the common ones being also found in South Africa. The only Australian species is very nearly allied to an Egyptian one, although not quite identical with any form hitherto observed there. — Benth.
878
XLITT. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Trigonella.
1. T. suavissima (very sweet-scented), Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 255 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 187. An annual, either quite glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs on the under side of the leaves and on the calyxes, the stems prostrate or ascending, from f to 2 or 3ft. in length. Leaflets broadly obovate or obcordate, rarely above fin. long, more or less denticulate, on a long slender petiole. Stipules semisagittate, deeply toothed. Flowers small, yellow, in sessile clusters. Calyx about 2 lines long, the lobes lanceolate-subulate, rather rigid, fully as long as the tube. Standard longer than the calyx ; wings and keel scarcely shorter. Upper stamen free. Pod linear, curved, almost obtuse, f to fin. long, and about 1 line broad, opening in 2 thin reticulate valves, either flat or undulate.
Hab.: Georgina River, J. Coghlan. Flowering about August.
Used by Sir T. Mitchell as a vegetable.
The species is closely allied to T. hamosa of the northern hemisphere, which is also found in S. Africa, and to the E. Mediterranean T. microcar pa, Poir., and T. anguina, Delile, but not quite identical with either.— Benth.
25. *MEDICAGO, Linn.
(A native of the country of the Medes.)
Calyx-tube short, with 5 subequal teeth. Corolla caducous ; petals free from the staminal tube ; standard obovate ; keel short, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; filaments not dilated ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, usually multiovulate. Style subulate, glabrous ; stigma oblique. Pod usually many times spirally twisted, often muricate. — Herbs, often annual, with pinnately trifoliolate leaves.
A considerable genus, with its headquarters round the Mediterranean. — J. G. Baker.
Plant annual 1 . M. denticulata.
Plant perennial 2. M. sativa.
1. IVE. denticulata (toothed), Willd. Annual with procumbent stems, often If to 2ft. long and numerous, subglabrous. Stipules laciniated, the free points linear. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, toothed. Peduncles lin. long, the flowers in heads 3 to 6. Pedicels shorter than the calyx, which is 1 line long, teeth lanceolate-subulate. Corolla yellow, half as long again as the calyx. Pod glabrous, globose, fin. broad without the spines, with 2 to 4 spirals, the faces reticulate with raised veins, the spines straight, about f line long.
Hab.: Europe. A common weed of many warm countries.
2. IVE. sativa (cultivated), Linn. The cultivated Lucern. A perennial with ascending or erect stems of 1 or 2ft. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Peduncles axillary, bearing a short close raceme of violet or blue flowers. Upper stamen free. Pod spirally twisted so as to form 2 or rarely 3 complete coils, without tubercles or prickles.
Hab.: This excellent fodder plant is now and again met with as a stray from cultivation.
Sometimes old fields of this fodder may be seen much infested with Lcestadia destructiva.
26. *MELILOTUS, Juss.
(From met, honey, and Lotus.)
Calyx with a campanulate tube and 5 subequal teeth. Corolla caducous, not adhering to the staminal tube ; standard obovate-oblong ; wings oblong ; keel blunt, often shorter than the wings. Stamens diadelphous ; filaments not dilated ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate. Pod subglobose or ovoid, subindehiscent, 1 or 2-seeded. — Annuals or biennials, with pinnately trifoliolate leaves with toothed leaflets and flowers in stalked racemes.
A moderately small genus with its headquarters in Europe. — J. G. Baker.
Annual. Corolla pale-yellow, minute ; standard exceeding wings and keel.
Pod glabrous 1. M. parviflora.
Biennial. Corolla white ; standard exceeding wings and keel. Pod glabrous . 2. M. alba.
Melilotus.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSrE.
379
1. 1VE. parviflora (small-flowered), Desf. Small-flowered Melilot. Stems slender, 1 to l^f't. high. Stipules linear-acuminate. Leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, retuse or emarginate. Flowering racemes close ; fruiting racemes 1 to 2in. Calyx about ^ line, teeth deltoid. Corolla about 1 line long. Pod 1 to 1^ line, obscurely reticulate-lacunose, usually 1-seeded.
Hab.: Very common on low-lying land in the interior of Queensland.
2. alba (white), Lam. White Melilot. A taller and more robust plant than M. parviflora. Stipules and leaflets similar. Racemes in flower about 2in., in fruit 4in. long. Calyx scarcely 1 line, the teeth lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Corolla always white, inodorous, 2 or 8 times the length of the calyx, sometimes scarcely larger than in M. parviflora. Pod 2-seeded, rather larger than the last.
Hab.: A European plant sometimes met with in the cultivation paddocks of the Darling Downs.
27. -TRIFOLIUM, Linn.
(Referring to the leaves usually being composed of three leaflets.)
Calyx-tube turbinate ; teeth mostly 5, subequal. Corolla adnate to the staminal tube and fading without falling ; standard and wings narrow ; keel straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous ; filaments more or less dilated ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate ; ovules few. Style filiform, incurved above the base ; stigma oblique. Pod minute, included, membranous, indehiscent, 1 or few'-seeded. — Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with stipules adnate to the petiole and digitately 3-foliolate leaflets. Flowers small, copious, in dense axillary heads.
Species numerous, mostly European and Oriental, American, and African. Often spread by cultivation, there being many excellent fodders amongst them.
Calyx inflated after flowering ; standard turned outward 1. T. resupimita.
Flowers usually 10 to 20 in the head, sessile or on very short pedicels ... 2 . T. procumbens.
Flowers pedicellate in the head, reflexed after flowering 3. T. repens.
1. T. resupinata (resupinate), Linn. The Reversed Clover. A glabrous annual with numerous stems, leafy and tufted at the base, lengthened out to a foot or more. Stipules rather broad, with narrow points. Flower-heads small, on axillary peduncles. Calyx glabrous or hairy on the upper side only ; the teeth short, but after flowering the upper part becomes very much inflated, arched, membranous and veined, with the 2 upper teeth at the top, the 3 lower ones remaining at the base of the inflated part. Corolla small, pink ; the standard turned outwards instead of inwards, as in other Clovers. — Benth.
Hab.: Europe. Naturalised about Brisbane.
2. T. procumbens (procumbent), Linn. The Lesser Clover. Annual, often only a few inches high, sometimes attaining 1ft. Stipules half-adnate, the points deltoid-acuminate. Petioles equalling the obovale-cuneate leaflets, which are about Mn. long, the central one stalked. Flowers in dense, round, stalked heads of 10 or more. Calyx pedicellate, % line long, 3 lower teeth lanceolate, reaching half-way down, the 2 upper ones much broader and shorter. Corolla 2 lines long, bright-yellow ; the standard finally becoming 2 lines broad, flat, spoon-shaped, strongly veined, folded over the stalked, exserted, 1-seeded pod.
Hab.: Europe. Naturalised about southern townships.
3. T. repens (plant creeping), Linn. Dutch or White Clover. A glabrous or slightly hairy perennial, the stems creeping and rooting at the nodes. Stipules small. Leaflets obovate, distinctly toothed, and usually bearing a mark in the centre which has been compared to a horseshoe, the leafstalk often very long.
380
XLI1I. LEGUM1N0S/E.
[. Trifotium .
Peduncles axillary, long and erect, bearing a globular head, or rather umbel, of white flowers often tinged with pink ; the pedicels after flowering more or less elongated and recurved. Calyx-teeth scarcely so long as the tube, the lowest one usually the shortest. Pod containing 2 to 4 seeds, usually protruding from the calyx, but enclosed in the withered corolla. — Benth.
Hab.: Europe. This excellent pasture plant is often met with in the southern parts of the colony as a stray from cultivation.
28. LOTUS, Linn.
(Derivation unknown.)
Calyx-lobes nearly equal or the lowest longer. Standard obovate or orbicular; keel much incurved, beaked. Upper stamens free, the rest united in a sheath ; filaments above the sheath, alternately dilated near the top; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style bent above the ovary, glabrous, with a terminal stigma. Pod usually linear, terete, with cellular partitions between the seeds. Seeds not strophiolate. — Herbs or, in species not Australian, undershrubs. Leaves of 4 or 5 leaflets, 3 almost digitate at the end of the petiole, 1 or 2 close to the stem, taking the place of stipules. Real stipules reduced to minute tubercles or dark spots, or entirely wanting. Flowers yellow, pink or white, usually several together in an umbel, on an axillary peduncle, with a leaf-like bract under the umbel.
The genus is widely spread over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere in the Old World, the mountains of tropical Asia, and extratropical South Africa. — Benth.
1. Z>. australis (Australian), Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 624; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 188. A perennial, sometimes almost shrubby at the base, with diffuse ascending or erect stems, either glabrous and glaucous or more frequently pubescent on the younger branches and peduncles, and in some specimens softly villous all over. Leaflets 5, from obovate and about ^in. long to linear and over lin. long. Flowers few or many, usually pink and fragrant, but varying much in colour, from white to purple. Calyx-lobes usually longer than the tube. Pod cylindrical, 1 to l^in. long. Ser. in DC. Prod. ii. 212 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1365 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 98 ; L. lavigatus, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 62 ; L. albidus, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1063; Maund, Botanist, t. 211.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, B. Brown ; Port Curtis , M‘ Gillivraij ; Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham; near Mount Faraday, Mitchell; Edgecombe Bay, Rockhampton, &c., Dallachy ; a common inland plant in the southern parts of the colony.
The flowers are neither as large nor as fragrant as in the southern colonies.
The plant has the reputation of being poisonous to stock.
Var. parviflorus. Leaves small, usually broad. Flowers often solitary or only 2 or 3 together on the peduncle, very much smaller, and often but not always deeply coloured, the calyx-lobes very fine and scarcely so long in proportion to the tube as usual in L. australis. Hab.: Inland localities.
29. PSORALEA, Linn.
(From psoral cos, scurfy, in allusion to the hairs on the calyx.)
(Meladenia, Turcz.)
Calyx-lobes nearly equal or the lowest the largest, or the 2 upper ones united. Standard ovate or orbicular ; wings slightly adhering to the keel, which is slightly incurved, obtuse, and shorter than the other petals. Upper stamen free or more or less adhering to the others ; anthers uniform. Ovary with a single ovule ; style filiform or dilated at the base. Pod small, ovate, not dehiscent, the pericarp usually adhering to the seed. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs, dotted with black or transparent glands. Leaves of 3, 5, or 7 digitate entire
Psoralea.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
381
leaflets, or of 1 or 3 pinnately-arranged entire or toothed leaflets, or in species not Australian pinnate with several leaflets. Stipules attached by a broad base. Flowers purple, pink, blue or white, usually small, and in the Australian species in axillary spikes or racemes. Bracts membranous, deciduous, each usually with 2 or 3 flowers in its axil.
A large genus, widely distributed over various parts of the globe, but most abundant in S.
Africa and N. America.
Leaves all 1-foliolate. Leaflets entire or toothed.
Calyx lower lobe much longer than the others.
Plant softly pubescent or silky-villous. Stipules subulate. Leaflets
entire 1 . P. badocana.
Plant velvety. Stipules broad, triangular 2. P. cephalantha.
Plant hispid. Leaflets toothed 3. P. Archeri.
Calyx-lobes nearly equal in length. Plant very dark and rough, with glandular dots, glabrous or slightly hoary. Flowers small, in loose
elongated racemes 9. P. leucantha.
Leaves all pinnately 3-foliolate, or the lower ones rarely 1-foliolate.
Calyx lower lobe much longer than the lateral ones. Leaflets entire.
Flowers in dense heads. Calyx very hispid, the lower lobe long-
lanceolate. Petals shorter than the calyx 4. P. plumosa.
Flowers in interrupted spikes. Petals longer than the calyx. Calyx
pubescent . 5. P. pustulata.
Calyx lower lobe scarcely exceeding the upper ones. Leaflets usually toothed.
Calyx softly silky-villous or black, 2 to 4 lines long, completely con- cealing the pod.
Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, the lateral lobes short. Plant usually white-
tomentose 6. P. eriantha.
Calyx about 2 lines long, the lobes nearly equal. Plant hoary or
pubescent 7. P. patens.
Calyx hoary- tomentose or slightly pubescent, 1 to line long, open when in fruit, and scarcely exceeding or shorter than the pod.
Leaflets ovate or elliptical, mostly § to lin. long 8. P. cincrea.
Leaflets oblong or lanceolate, 1J to 3in. long 9. P. leucantha.
Leaves digitately 3 to 7-foliolate. Leaflets entire. Racemes slender. Calyx
1 to 1J line long, slightly pubescent, about as long as the pod 10. P. tenax.
Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets obovate on very short petiolules, quite entire.
Flowers purple 11. P. Testarice.
1. P. badocana (a Philippine name), Benth. Fi. Auxtr. ii. 190. “ A-ma-ga,” Moreheacl River, Roth. An erect stout undershrub or shrub of 2 to 3ft., softly tomentose or silky-villous all over and strongly scented, the black dots mostly concealed by the indumentum. Leaflet single, on a petiole articulate near the top, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acute, 2 to 3in. long, entire, softly villous on both sides and usually silky underneath. Stipules linear-subulate, often |in. long. Flowers in dense heads or short spikes, all axillary or sessile or very shortly pedunculate. Calyx softly villous, fully 5 lines long in the normal forms, including the lower lobe, which is much longer than the others and boat- shaped. Petals shorter than the lower calyx-lobe. Pod small, reticulate, glandular. — Liparia badocana, Blanco, FI. Filip. 597 ; Melailenia densiflora, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1848, i. 576.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Morehead River, Roth.
Roots eaten, Roth, l c.
2. P. cephalantha (flowers in heads), F. r. M. Fraym. iv. 35 A shrub with velvety-tomentose branches. Stipules broad, triangular, very shortly acuminate. Leaves simple, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, shortly tomentose pubescent, 1^ to 2£in. long. Spikes or flowerheads globular. Calyx rather smaller than in P. badocana, the lowest scarcely as long as the petals. Petals bluish. Pods not seen in the ripe state. — Benth l.c. as a (?) var. of P. badocana.
Hab.: Mt. Elliott, J. Dallachy and E. FiUalan (F. v. M., l.c.)
382
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[ Psoralea .
3. P. Archeri (after Wm. Archer), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 21 (partly) ; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 190. “Wommo,” Cloncurry, Palmer. Very nearly allied to P. badocana, with which F. v. Mueller unites it, but apparently an erect coarse annual of 1 to 2ft., hirsute with much more rigid and spreading hairs than in that species. Leaves similarly 1-foliolate, the leaflet ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3in. long, but always toothed. Flower-heads sessile and very hispid. Flowers of P. badocana , but the calyx-lobes more subulate. Pod ovate, almost acute, very hispid.
Hab.: Gulf country.
Used for fibre. The plant is pulled, soaked some hours in water, then left to dry, when 'the bark peels and is kept for use for cordage and strong twine. — Palmer.
4. P. plumosa (feathery), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 22 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 191. Apparently an annual, erect, nearly simple, 6 to 9in. high, very hispid with long spreading rigid hairs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or elliptical, acute or mucronulate, quite entire, f to lin. long, the lateral veins few. Flower- spikes dense, short, shortly pedunculate, very hispid. Bracts broad. Calyx-tube very short, the lowest lobe lanceolate, acuminate, nearly 4 lines long, the upper ones scarcely half as long and narrow. Petals shorter than the lower calyx-lobe ; keel with a short erect point. Pod ovate, slightly hirsute.
Hab.: Gulf country.
5. P. pustulata (blistered), F. v. M. in Tram. Viet. Inst. iii. 54 ; Benth. FI- Austr. ii. 191. An undershrub with stout rigid erect branches attaining 5 to 10ft. in height, loosely pubescent and sprinkled with large almost scale-like glands. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, very obtuse, 1 to 2in. long, entire, softly pubescent. Stipules broad, rigid, striate. Flowers shortly pedicellate, in rather loose axillary racemes of 2 to 4in., flowering almost from the base. Calyx about 3 lines long, slightly pubescent and sprinkled with prominent glands ; the lobes rather broad, the 4 upper ones very short, the lowest nearly twice as long. Petals half as long again as the calyx, the standard rather broad. Pod enclosed in the somewhat inflated calyx, ovate-oblong, slightly hairy, very glandular.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria.
6. P. eriantha (flowers woolly), Benth. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 131, and FI. Austr. ii. 192. A perennial with a woody rhizome and prostrate or ascending stems of 1 to 2ft., hoary or white with a short or soft tomentum. Leaves pin- nately 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate, obovate or almost orbicular, toothed, hoary or white-tomentose, the terminal one usually J to lin. or rarely 1^-in. long, the lateral ones smaller. Stipules short. Spikes pedunculate, sometimes dense and 1 to 2in. long, more frequently rather loose and 2 to 3 or even 4in. long. Flowers bluish, almost sessile. Calyx 3 to nearly 4 lines long, clothed with a soft white tomentum or pubescence, the lowest lobe rather longer than the 2 uppermost, the lateral ones much shorter. Petals rather longer than the calyx. Pod ovoid, obtuse, tomentose or villous, shorter than the calyx.
Hab.: In the bed of the Balonne River, near St. George’s Bridge, Mitchell.
The species is nearly allied to, although not identical with, P. Jaubertiana, Fenzl, from the E. Mediterranean region. — Benth.
7. P. patens (spreading), Lindl. in Mitch. Three Fxped. ii. 9 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 192. A perennial of 1 to 6ft., with a woody rhizome and erect or ascend- ing branches hoary-tomentose or pubescent. Leaves pinnately 8-foliolate. Leaflets from ovate-rhomboid to broadly lanceolate, obtuse, usually rounded at the base, mostly 1 to 1-^in. long, denticulate, green or minutely hoary-tomentose. Spikes at first dense, but afterwards elongated and interrupted, on very long peduncles.
Psnralea. J
XLIII. LBGUMINOSiE.
388
Flowers nearly sessile, the bracts small. Calyx softly silky with white or black hairs, about 2 lines long, the lobes about as long as the tube, the lowest much broader but not longer than the others. Standard and wings half as long again as the calyx ; keel shorter, obtuse. Pod tomentose, much shorter than the calyx. — P. australasica, Schlecht. Linntea, xx. 668.
Hab.: On the Burdekin and near Port Denison, Bowman , Dallachy.
This plant, P. eriantha and P. cinerea, belong to the same group as P. plicata, Delile, from Africa and the E. Mediterranean region, and are all nearly allied to that species, although none are quite identical with it. — Benth.
On the Georgina the natives steep the stems in water and peel off the bark, which they make into twine for nets, &c. — J. Coghlan.
8. P. cinerea (grey), Ldndl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 65; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 192. A perennial with ascending or erect branching stems as in P. patens, but more slender, minutely hoary as well as the leaves. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets ovate or elliptical, cuneate at the base, mostly f to 1 or l|4n. long, mucronate and irregularly denticulate. Racemes pedunculate, slender, loose and much longer than the leaves. Flowers very small, shortly pedicellate. Calyx scarcely above 1 line long, rather open, the teeth short, broad, and nearly equal. Petals but little longer than the calyx, the keel very obtuse. Pod about as long as the calyx, slightly hairy. — P. Drummondii, Meissn. in Bot. Zeit. 1855, 81.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborough, and Darr River.
9. P. leucantha (pale or white flowers), F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 54 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 193. A tall undershrub or shrub with spreading branches, minutely hoary-tomentose or glabrous. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or some of them 1-foliolate ; leaflets oblong or lanceolate, mucronate but otherwise obtuse, entire or bordered by small crenatures or prominent glands, 1\ to 3 or even 4in. long, hoary-tomentose or nearly glabrous. Flowers fragrant, small, white with a blue keel, pedicellate in rather loose pedunculate racemes of 2 to Sin. or sometimes longer, often clustered along the rhachis. Calyx about 1+ line long, the lobes of nearly equal length, the 2 upper ones united, the lowest broader than the others. Petals twice as long as the calyx ; standard obovate ; keel rather shorter. Pod nearly glabrous, exceeding the calyx, very oblique and much wrinkled.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborougli ; Bowen River, Bowman ; Bogie River and Edge- combe Bay, Dallachy ; Pioneer River, and many other localities.
10. P. tenax (tough), Ldndl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 10 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 193. Emu grass, Darling Downs. A perennial with decumbent or ascending rather slender branching stems of 1 to 2ft., glabrous or minutely pubes- cent with appressed hairs. Leaves digitately 3 to 7-foliolate with linear-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical acute leaflets of f to l^in., or the lower leaves with 3 broader and more obtuse leaflets, all quite entire, glabrous or sprinkled underneath with a few appressed hairs. Flowers small, blue (or purple ?), very shortly pedicellate in dense or interrupted racemes of 1 to 4in., on very long peduncles. Calyx 1 to 1% line long, the lobes acute, as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones united to the middle, the lowest one broad. Standard usually not half as long again as the calyx ; keel shorter, obtuse. Pod ovoid, black, slightly pubescent, about as long as the open fruiting calyx.
Hab.: Dawson River and Peak Downs, V. v. Mueller.
Var. (?) major. Leaves all 3-foliolate with broader leaflets. Standard nearly twice as long as the calyx. Moreton Bay, C. Stuart.
384
XLIII. LEGUMlNOSiE.
[Psoralea
11. P. Testariae (after Elizabeth Testar), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 45. A moderately robust plant ; branches pubescent. Stipules semi-lanceolate, subulate- acuminate, 4 to 8 lines long, 1J to 3 lines broad at the base, thin-chartaceous, striate, brown, the outer side and margins pubescent, at length deciduous. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate, on very short petiolules, quite entire, herbaceous, 1J to 2in. long, thin penninerved, mucronulate, the under side slightly pubescent and glandular, the scurfy brown scales scattered and minute, upper side almost glabrous. Stipellte 2 at the apex of the petiole, setaceous, scarcely over 1 line long. Head of flowers terminal, sessile or on short peduncles. Bracts 4 to 5 lines long, 2 to 3J lines broad, imbricate, encompassing the lower portion of the flower head, appressed, pubescent on both sides. Calyx almost silky, teeth long. Petals purple, lamina of standard 4 lines long, complicate- orbicular, claw about 1J line long. Anthers very small, orbicular-cordate. Style 3 lines long, the lower portion rubescent and bristly, the upper part thickish and glabrous. Stigma barbate. Ovary 1 -ovulate.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dullachy.
30. INDIGOFERA, Linn.
(From Indigo and fero, to bear.
(Sphasridiophorum, Desv.)
Calyx-tube short, broad and oblique, the teeth or lobes nearly equal or the lowest longest. Standard ovate or orbicular, sessile or narrowed into a short claw ; keel erect, obtuse or acuminate, with a hollow protuberance or spur on each side. Upper stamen free from the base, the others united in a sheath open on the upper side ; anthers uniform, tipped by the point of the connectivum resembling a small gland. Ovary sessile or nearly so, with several or rarely 1 or 2 ovules ; style incurved at the top, with a terminal stigma. Pod oblong, linear or rarely globular, terete or rarely flattened, straight or incurved, 2-valved, divided transversely between the seeds by cellular tissue. Seeds globular, or truncate at each end, or flattened, not strophiolate. — Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, more or less clothed or sprinkled with appressed hairs attached by the centre, sometimes mixed with loose hairs or tomentum. Leaves in the Australian species 1-foliolate or pinnate with 3 or more leaflets, occasionally stipellate. Stipules small, setaceous. Flowers usually red or purple, in axillary spikes or racemes. Bracts usually small and deciduous. Bracteoles none. Standard usually silky-pubescent outside.
A very large and distinct genus widely spread over the warmer regions of the globe, especially numerous in tropical and southern Africa. Of the Australian species, 8 out of the 10 herbaceous ones are common in India, the remaining 2 herbaceous ones and the 4 shrubby ones are all endemic.— Benth.
Calyx-lobes very much longer than the very short tube. Herbs or
undershrubs.
Leaves simple, nearly sesssile, linear or narrow-oblong.
Flowers in short sessile spikes. Pod globular, 1-seeded 1. 7. linifolia.
Flowers in long pedunculate racemes. Pod linear, several-seeded . . 4. 7. haplophylla.
Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Flowers scarcely 2 lines long, in very short sessile spikes.
Plant conspicuously glandular-dotted. Ovules 2. Pod ovoid-oblong,
2 lines long, reflexed, pubescent and glandular 3. 7. glandulosa.
Plant with very small glandular dots. Ovules 8 or more. Pod slender,
refiexed, glabrous, nearly Jin. long 51. trifoliata.
Plant pale or hoary. Ovules many. Pod spreading, slightly incurved,
1 to ljin. long, obtusely 4-angled 6. 7. trita.
Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets.
Pod short. Ovules and seeds 2. Spikes short, dense and sessile . . . 2. 7. cnneophylla.
Indigofera.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
385
Pod linear. Ovules and seeds several.
Calyx much shorter than the petals.
Flowers rather crowded in sessile racemes. Pod 1 to ljin. long,
with an incurved point 7. I. parvijlora.
Flowers very small, distant, in slender racemes. Pod J to Jin. long,
straight, very slender, often viscid 8. I. viscosa.
Calyx-lobes about as long as the petals. Racemes loose. Plant
hirsute with spreading hairs 9. 7. hirsuta.
Calyx-teeth all very short, the lower ones rarely rather longer than the tube.
Shrubs (except I. pratensis).
Shrubby, densely argenteo-canescent. Leaflets large, obovate. Pod reflexed,
3 or 4-seeded, torulose 10. I. argentea.
Shrubby, argenteo-canescent. Leaflets 9 to 13, large, obovate-oblong.
Pod nearly straight, 8 to 12-seeded, not torulose 11. I. tinctoria.
Small suffruticulose. Leaflets 5 to 9, rarely 3, obovate. Flowers some- what crowded ; pedicels short. Calyx-teeeth short. Pod terete, shortly
beaked ; seeds numerous 14. 7. Baileyi.
Undershrub. Leaflets slightly veined. Racemes rather long, with
numerous rosy flowers 15. I. decora.
Leaflets usually 5, obovate or orbicular, the veins scarcely conspicuous . . 13. L saxicola.
Leaflets 9 or more.
Herb or undershrub. Leaflets mucronate and distinctly veined.
Stipellas setaceous. Flowers 5 to 6 lines long 12. I. pratensis.
Shrubs. Leaflets obscurely veined. Stipellse none or replaced by small glands.
Calyx truncate, the teeth scarcely prominent. Plant nearly glabrous.
Flowers 3 to 4 lines long, on rather long pedicels. Pod quite
glabrous 16. 7. australis.
Calyx-teeth distinct, the lowest as long as the tube or nearly so.
Whole plant slightly canescent. Pods pubescent, at least when
young. Leaflets contracted at the base or petiolulate 17. 7. brevidens.
1. I. linifolia (Flax-leaved), Retz; DC. Prod. ii. 222; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 195. A slender much-branched diffuse or procumbent annual or perennial of J to ljft., more or less hoary or white. Leaves simple, almost sessile, linear or rarely oblong-lanceolate, J to 1-Jin. long. Flowers very small, in sessile spikes, very short when in flower, and rarely lengthening to Jin. when in fruit. Calyx- teeth subulate-pointed, much longer than the tube, the lower ones as long as the petals. Standard sessile, about 1J line long. Ovary sessile, with 1 ovule. Pod nearly globular, white-tomentose, about 1 line diameter. — W. and Arn. Prod. 198; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 101 ; S pharidiophornm linifolium, Desv., and S. abyssinicum, Spach, in Jaub. and Spach, 111. PI. Or. v. 103, t. 494.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Shoalwater Bay, It. Brown; Dawson River, F.v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Dallachy; Bremer River, Fraser; also in Leichhardt's collection.
The species is common in tropical Asia and some parts of Africa. Wight, Ic. t. 313, represents a short broad-leaved variety not found in Australia. — Bentli.
2. I. enneaphylla (of 9 leaflets), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 229 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 196. A prostrate straggling or rarely erect perennial of 1 to ljft., hoary or almost silky-pubescent, the branches angular with the hairs sometimes spreading. Leaflets 5 to 9, mostly alternate or scarcely opposite, obovate or oblong-cuneate, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 lines long. Flowers very small, in sessile spikes which are short and dense when in flower, rarely J-in. long in fruit. Calyx- teeth much longer than the tube and shorter than the petals. Standard about 3 lines long, narrowed into a broad claw ; keel narrow, almost acuminate. Ovary with 2 or rarely 3 ovules. Pod terete, about 3 lines long, usually 2-seeded. — W. and Arn. Prod. 199 ; Wight, Ic. t. 403 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 102.
Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander; Keppel Bay, It. Brown; Dawson River, F. v. Mueller; Fitzroy River, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Connor’s River, Bowman; Rocking- ham Bay, Islands of Torres Straits, &e.
The species is common in the plains of India.
386
XLIII. LEGUMINOSflE.
[Indigo f era.
3. I. glandulosa (glandulous), Willd.; DC. Prod. ii. 223 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 196. An annual or perennial with the habit nearly of I. trifoliata, but usually rather stouter and taller, more pubescent, and conspicuously marked with glandular dots, especially on the under side of the leaflets. Leaflets 3, from obovate to narrow-oblong, obtuse, f to lin. long, more hoary than in I. trifoliata. Flowers very small, in sessile racemes very short at first, but lengthening out to nearly ^in. Calyx glandular and hirsute, about 1 line long, the lobes subulate, much longer than the tube. Standard about 2 lines long, narrowed at the base, pubescent and glandular outside. Ovules 2. Pod reflexed, ovoid-oblong, almost 4-angled, about 2 lines long, glandular and pubescent. — W. and Arn. Prod. 199 ; Wight, Ic. t. 330; Psoraiea Leichhardtii, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 22.
Hab.: Comet River, Leichhardt.
The species is widely spread over E. India. It has the habit and foliage of I. trifoliata, with the pod of I. enneuphylla. — Bentli.
4. I. haplophylla (single leaflet), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 102 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 196. An erect or rarely diffuse branching herb of 1ft. or rather more, pale or hoary with a slight pubescence. Leaves simple, almost sessile, linear or very narrow-oblong, mostly 1 to 2in. long. Racemes slender, pedun- culate, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, but much shorter than the petals. Standard narrowed at the base, but not clawed ; keel obtuse. Pod straight, rather slender, cylindrical, spreading, often lin. long or rather more.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
5. I. trifoliata (three-foliolate), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 223 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 197. Stock perennial, with several ascending or erect rather slender stems of 1 to 1 or 1-J-ft., the pubescence very short and scarcely hoary. Leaflets 3, on a slender petiole, obovate-oblong, cuneate or narrow-oblong, mostly \ to lin. long, green or slightly hoary underneath. Racemes sessile, exceedingly short. Flowers very small. Calyx-teeth much longer than the tube, but scarcely so long as the claws of the lower petals. Standard about 2 lines long, narrowed into a short broad claw ; keel obtuse, pubescent and glandular as well as the standard. Pod slender, reflexed, about |in. long, with 4 prominent angles or narrow longitudinal wings, many-seeded. — W. and Arn. Prod. 201 ; Wight, Ic. t. 314 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 104.
Hab.: Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Northumberland Island, R. Brown; Glasshouse Mountains, F. v. Mueller ; along the coast and adjoining islands, A. Cunningham, M'Gillivray, Henne, Dallacliy, also in Leichhardt's collection ; and many other localities.
The species is widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago. It is always much more slender than I. trita, with more closely sessile short spikes or clusters of much smaller flowers. — Benth.
6. I. trita (worn), Linn. DC. Prod. ii. 232 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 197. A decumbent or suberect perennial of ^ to IJft., pale or hoary with a minute pubescence. Leaflets 3, or very rarely 5, on a rather rigid petiole, from broadly obovate and 3 or 4 lines long to elliptical-oblong and above lin. long. Flowers small, very nearly sessile ; the racemes sometimes short, dense, and nearly sessile, sometimes pedunculate, interrupted, and attaining several inches. Calyx-teeth much longer than the tube, but not exceeding the claws of the lower petals. Standard nearly 3 lines long, narrowed at the base but scarcely clawed ; keel almost acuminate. Pod rather rigid, usually incurved, obscurely quadrangular, with thickened sutures, 1 to l£in. long or even more. — Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. t. 16 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 203 ; Wight, Ic. t. 315, 386 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 103.
Indigofera .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
387
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown , Henne ; and adjoining mainland, Landsborough ; in the interior, Mitchell ; Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller ; Bowen River, Boxvman : and many other localities north and south.
The species is widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago. I. Leschenaxdtii and I. timoriensis, DC. Prod. ii. 223, which have been referred to I. trifoliata, both belong to I. trita. — Benth.
7. I. parviflora (small- flowered), Heyne ; W. and Am. Prod. 201 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 197. An erect herb of 1 to 2ft., pale or hoary with a minute pubescence. Leaflets 9 to 13 or rarely fewer, linear or rarely oblong, mostly f to lin. long. Racemes usually short, rather loose, rarely lengthening out to 1 or 2in., and flowering almost from the base. Calyx small, the lobes much longer than the tube but much shorter than the petals. Standard 2 to 2f lines long, narrowed into a short claw, glabrous or nearly so ; keel terminating in a linear obtuse point protruding beyond the wings. Anthers small, tipped with a minute point. Pod nearly glabrous, linear, with thickened sutures, 1 to lfin. long, straight except an incurved or hooked end. — I. deflexa, Hochst. in A. Rich. FI. Abyssin. i. 178 ; I. oxycarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 103.
Hab.: Walloon and Peak Downs, Bowman; the Leichhardt district, and other localities.
The species is common in the E. Indian peninsula, also in Abyssinia and Cordofan.
8. X. viscosa (sticky), Lam.; DC. Prod. ii. 227 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 198. A slender wiry annual or perennial, with much-branched decumbent or erect stems of f to 1ft., more or less clothed with spreading glandular viscid hairs, mixed with the ordinary pubescence of the genus. Leaflets 9 to 15, ovate or oblong, sometimes all under 2 lines, sometimes 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers very small, distant, in slender racemes rather shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, but not exceeding the claws of the lower petals. Standard almost sessile, about 1 1 line long ; keel obtuse, the lateral spurs very short. Pod slender, straight, spreading or pendulous, f to fin. long, torulose, with viscid hairs mixed with the ordinary pubescence. — W. and Arn. Prod. 200 ; Wight, Ic. t. 404 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 104.
Hab : Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; E. coast, A. Cunningham; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Rockhampton, Bowman ; Comet River, Leichhardt.
The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.
9. I. hirsuta (hairy), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 228 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 198. A decumbent or ascending branching annual, 1 to 2ft. high, remarkable for the spreading hairs which clothe the branches, petioles, inflorescence, and calyx. Leaflets 7 to 11, obovate or oblong, f to lin. long, with stiff appressed hairs. Racemes usually dense, shortly pedunculate, 1 to 4in. long. Calyx with scarcely any tube, the subulate lobes often nearly as long as the petals. Standard fully 3 lines long, narrowed into a distinct claw. Pod about fin. long, straight, quadrangular, reflexed on the peduncle, very hirsute. — W. and Arn. Prod. 204 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. t. 24 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. 76 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 105.
Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander; Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Bowman ; Taylor’s Range, Eraser ; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; very common.
The species is widely distributed over tropical Asia and Africa, and now introduced also into some parts of tropical America. — Benth.
10. *X. argentea (silvery), Linn. DC. Prod. ii. 224 ; Hook, in FI. Brit. Ind.
ii. 98. A shrub several feet high, with sulcate branches. Leaves 1 to 2in. long ; leaflets opposite, subcoriaceous, persistently argenteous, f to lin. long, petioles fin.; stipules minute, setaceous. Racemes subsessile, 12 to 20-flowered, shorter
888
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Indigo f era.
than the leaves, £ to lin. long whilst in flower. Calyx 4 line, campanulate,
argenteous ; teeth deltoid, cuspidate, as long as tube. Corolla 2 lines long,
reddish-yellow, externally canescent. Pod about £in. long, 2 lines broad, at first argenteous, finally giabrescent, distinctly torulose.
The variety ccerulea, with leaves 2 to 3in. long, leaflets 7 to 9, less silvery than the type, with more elongated racemes, 1 to 2in. long (the I. tinctoria var. brachycarpa, DC. Prod. ii. 224), has been met with as a naturalised plant by Mr. J. Keys at Bundaberg.
11. *1. tinctoria (from furnishing a dye), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 224 ; J. G.
Baker in Hook. Brit. Ind. FI. ii. 99. Indigo plant. A shrub 4 to 6ft. high, with twiggy woody thinly silvery branches. Leaves 1 to 2in. long ; leaflets opposite ; membranous, turning blackish when dried ; petiole i to lin. long. Racemes lax, nearly sessile, 2 to 4in. long. Calyx ^ line long, silvery ; teeth as long as
the tube. Corolla about 2i lines, reddish-yellow. Pod 4 to 12 lines long, about
1 line thick, giabrescent, scarcely at all recurved.
I. Anil, Linn. DC. Prod. ii. 225, also commonly cultivated, a native of America, differs by its short congested racemes and pod turned back like a sickle. I.fiaccida, var. comtricta, Thwaites Enum. 411, from Ceylon, is probably a distinct species, but the flowers are unknown. It has the habit and leaves of I. tinctoria, with a slender tetraquetrous subtorulose 4 to 6-seeded pod. — Baker.
Mr. Baker’s description and remarks are reproduced in full to assist persons to identify the plants, all being now and again met with as strays from cultivation, the kinds having been introduced by the late Colonial Botanist (Mr. Walter Hill), and the seed distributed by him to cultivators.
12. I. pratensis (meadow), F. v. M. Rep. Burdek. Exped. 10 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 198. A diffuse perennial, pale or hoary with the ordinary pubescence of the genus, the branches angular, ascending to 1 or 2ft. Leaflets about 13 to 21, from broadly oval-oblong to narrow-oblong, obtuse with a fine straight point, ^ to lin. long, the pinnate veins usually conspicuous underneath. Stipules setaceous, often 8 to 4 lines long, and small setaceous stipellae usually present. Flowers rather large, in pedunculate racemes longer than the leaves, the pedicels
2 to 3 lines long. Calyx above 1 line long, the teeth shorter than the tube as in the shrubby species. Standard nearly 6 lines long ; keel almost acuminate. Pod cylindrical, straight, rather thick, 1 to Hin. long.
Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; Broadsound and Keppel Bay, R. Brown; along various points of the E. coast and adjoining islands, A. Cunningham, M‘Gillivray, Henne, and others; in the interior, Mitchell ; on the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller ; Brisbane River, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, &c.; Mackenzie Hill, Leichhardt.
13. I. saxicola (on rocks), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. LI. Austr. ii. 199. A shrub of 3 or 4ft., with spreading branches, slightly hoary with a minute pubes- cence. Leaflets 5 or rarely 7, obovate or orbicular and very obtuse, mostly about lin. long, on petiolules of 1 to 2 lines, the pinnate veins scarcely prominent. Racemes pedunculate, rather slender, longer than the leaves. Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube, the upper ones broad and distant. Standard sessile, 3 lines long or rather more ; keel acute. Pod terete, spreading, ^ to fin. long, straight.
Hab.: Gulf country.
14. I, Baileyi (after F. M. Bailey), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 43. A small under- shrub with shortly running roots from which slender stems arise to sometimes lft., but usually only a few inches; the branches angular, sparsely strigulose. Leaflets 5 to 9, rarely only 3, obovate, often thin, 2 to 6 lines long, very shortly petiolulate, glabrous above, glaucous and sparsely strigulose beneath. Stipules semi-lanceolate, about 1 line long. Stipellfe very short, subulate. Bracts fugaceous, minute, acute. Calyx conspicuously strigulose, scarcely 1 line long. The upper petals rosy towards the margin, the lowest very pale green, 2 lines long. Anthers very minute, cuspidate. Style glabrous. Pod deflexed, about lin. long and 1 line broad. Seeds hoary-brown, almost cubical.
Hab.: Common on the Ironbark ridges about Brisbane.
Indigofera.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
889
15. *1, decora (beautiful), Lindl. in Journ. FLort. Soc. Lond. i. 68, and Bot. Bet). 1846, t. 22 ; Benth. hi. Hongk. 77 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5068. A somewhat strag- gling undershrub from a running rhizome ; stems often distant, 1 to 3ft. high, nearly glabrous. Leaflets opposite, 3 to 6 pairs besides the terminal one, from oval to oblong-elliptical, the largest from 1^- to 2in. long, usually acute or scarcely obtuse, glaucous, and slightly hairy underneath, the smaller veins scarcely con- spicuous. Racemes elongated, axillary, solitary, long as the leaves, bearing numerous patent or deflexed pink and rose-coloured flowers, nearly lin. long. Calyx short, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Standard oblong, streaked with a horseshoe band near the base. Keel petals ciliate on the upper edge. Pod about 14in., nearly straight, erecto-patent.
Hab.: A Chinese species found here and there as a stray from garden culture, the flowers then being rather smaller than above stated.
16. X. australis (Australian), WUld.: DC. Prod. ii. 226 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 199. An erect branching shrub of 2 to 4ft., assuming occasionally the appearance of a low undershrub, either glabrous or slightly sprinkled with the small hairs of the genus. Leaflets usually 9 to 17, oblong, obtuse or retuse, \ to fin. long, but varying to broadly ovate, almost orbicular in some specimens or nearly linear in others. Stipules small ; stipellae none except minute glands. Flowers red and showy, in dense or loose racemes shorter or rather longer than the leaves, the pedicels usually longer than the calyx. Calyx about 1 line long, broad and obliquely truncate, the teeth either inconspicuous or the lower ones especially slightly prominent, but always much shorter than the tube. Standard truncate at the base, with an exceedingly short claw, 3 to 4 lines long. Pod spreading terete, straight or nearly so, 1 to Hin. long. — Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 45; Bot. Reg. t. 386; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 149; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 99 ; 1. angulata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 991 ; I. sylvatica, Sieb. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3000 ; I. ervoides, Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 89.
Hab : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fraser, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others.
Amidst all its variations, this species may be known by its glabrous, not hoary, aspect, not- withstanding the minute hairs often visible under a lens, by the very short or quite obsolete teeth of the calyx, and by the pod glabrous even when quite young. The following are the principal forms it assumes, which, although they often pass one into another, are nevertheless sometimes considered as distinct species. — Benth.
a. angulata. Tall, with angular branches. Flowers large and showy.
b. gracilis, DC. Branches terete and as well as the petioles and racemes more slender. Flowers rather smaller. Brisbane River.
c. minor. More scrubby and branched, of a pale color, the branchlets short and somewhat angular. Leaflets small, with small stipellary glands. Flowers small, in short racemes.
d. signata, F. v. M. Rigid, very glabrous, apparently almost leafless, the numerous rigid petioles bearing very small obcordate obovate or cuneate leaflets in distant pairs, with very prominent dark-coloured stipellary glands. Flowers as in the var. minor.
e. platijpoda. With the same rigid aspect and few small leaflets with prominent stipellary glands as the var. signata, but the common petioles very rigid and flattened, often above 1 line broad.
17. I. brevidens (teeth short), Benth. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 385, and FI. Austr. ii. 200. A slender shrub, very nearly allied to I. australis, of which F. v. Mueller considers it a variety, but always hoary or silvery with the appressed forked pubescence of the genus or white with a denser tomentum. Leaflets from about 9 to 21, obovate or oblong, obtuse or mucronate, rarely £in. long, usually firmer than in I. australis, and hoary or white on both sides, more or less petio- lulate. Stipules rather short and deciduous or rarely more persistent and recurved. Flowers rather smaller than in /. australis, the calyx-teeth much more prominent although still very short, the lowest occasionally as long as the tube. Standard densely silky-pubescent. Pod always puboscent or tomentose, at least when young. — I. lasiantlia, F. v. M, in Rep. Greg. Exped. 6,
890 XLIII. LEGUMINOSrE. [. Indigofera .
Hab.: St. George’s Bridge on the Balonne, Mitchell; Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller; in the scrub north of Expedition Range, Leichhardt ; also in Bowman's and other collections.
Var. uncinata. Stipules persistent, broader at the base, recurved and sometimes spinescent.
Var. (?) galegoides, R. Br. Branches softly tomentose ; leaflets numerous, very white under- neath. Pod small, loosely pubescent. — Cumberland Islands, R. Brown.
81. LAMPROLOBIUM, Benth.
(Pods smooth.)
Calyx deeply cleft, the 2 upper lobes united nearly to the top. Standard orbicular, narrowed into a short claw ; wings obliquely oblong, free ; keel much curved, obtuse. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side ; anthers uniform. Ovary shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform, incurved, with a terminal stigma. Pod stipitate, oblong-linear, very flat, 2-valved, with transverse partitions between the seeds, the valves coriaceous. Seeds oblong, with a fleshy strophiole. Radicle short, quite straight. — Shrub. Leaves pinnate, without stipellae. Stipules minute. Flowers yellow, small, solitary (or 2 or 3 ?) on terminal or lateral peduncles. Bracts and bracteoles minute and very deciduous.
The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia. In the structure of the seeds, with a straight embryo, it differs from all Galegece except the S. American genera Brongniartia and Harpalyce. — Benth.
1. L. fruticosum (shrubby), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 202; Hook. Ic. PI. 1024. An erect shrub of 5 or 6ft., the branches softly pubescent (the pubescence of an old-gold colour). Leaflets 3, 5 or 7, or rarely solitary in the upper leaves, oblong, obtuse or mucronate, 1 to 2in. long, coriaceous, glabrous or sprinkled with appressed hairs above, silky-pubescent underneath (nerves and reticulations prominent on both sides). Peduncles short, terminal axillary or extra-axillary and all apparently 1 -flowered in the specimens seen, but perhaps sometimes bearing a raceme of 2 or 3. Calyx (greenish-yellow) silky-villous, 3 to 4 lines long, like that of some Crotalarias, the 2 upper lobes falcate and united in a concave upper lip. Petals not exceeding the calyx ; (standard yellow, cordate, on a short claw, the other petals yellowish -green, all shorter than the calyx. Upper stamen slender but quite free, not geniculate). Pod 1 to l£in. long, 3 or 4 lines broad, glabrous and smooth. Seeds transverse, — Crotalarioides fruticosa, Soland. ms.; Glycine lamprocarpa, A. Cunn. Herb.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham (Hook. l.c. 10) ; Lizard Island, Walter (F. v. M.) ; Irvinebank, F. Bennett.
The bracketed words denote in which the Irvinebank specimens differ from Bentham’s description given in the FI. Austr. ii. 202.
32. "GALEGA, Linn.
(From the Greek ; supposed to increase the supply of milk in animals (goats) fed with the plant.)
Calyx-teeth unequal ; standard obovate-oblong, on short narrow claws ; wings oblong, slightly adhering to the keel ; keel slightly incurved, obtuse. Stamens all connate in a tube ; anthers uniform, or with alternate smaller ones. Ovary sessile ; ovules numerous. Style subulate, incurved, not bearded ; stigma small, terminal. Pod linear, somewhat terete, continuous within, 2-valved, obliquely striate. Seeds transverse, oblong, estrophiolate. — Tall, erect perennial herbs. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets entire. Stipules semisagittate. Flowers white or blue, in terminal or axillary racemes. Bracts narrow, often persistent ; bracteoles none.
1. Gr. officinalis (officinal), Linn. Goat’s Rue. Plant of a few feet high. Leaflets lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Stipules broad-lanceolate. Flowers in racemes, blue or white.
Hab.: Southern Europe. Met with as a stray from cultivation on the Darling Downs.
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
391
33. TEPHROSIA, Pers.
(From the foliage being usually grey.)
Calyx-teeth or lobes nearly equal, or the 2 upper ones more united, or the lowest the longest. Petals clawed ; standard nearly orbicular, usually reflexed ; wings slightly adhering to the keel ; keel incurved, obtuse or scarcely acute. Upper stamen free at the base, usually geniculate and at first united with the others in the middle in a tube or sheath, often quite free as the flowering advances ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with many or rarely 1 or 2 ovules ; style in the Australian species glabrous, incurved or indexed, more or less flattened with a terminal stigma, often slightly penicillate. Pod linear or rarely ovate, flattened, 2-valved. Seeds often with a small strophiole. — Herbs, undershrubs, or, in species not Australian, shrubs. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually opposite with a terminal odd one, sometimes reduced to a single leaflet, either sessile or articulate on the petiole, the veins in most species numerous, parallel and oblique with the midrib. Flowers red, purple, or white, in pairs or clusters, in terminal, leaf-opposed or rarely axillary racemes, the lower clusters occasionally or some- times all in the axils of the leaves. Bracteoles none. Standard always and the keel sometimes pubescent or silky-villous with appressed hairs.
A large genus, widely spread over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World, and particularly numerous in species in S. Africa. The following species are all endemic with the exception of T. purpurea , and, even of that, scarcely any of the Australian varieties quite agree with the common Asiatic and African forms. With the exception perhaps of T.flammea and T. crocea, they all belong to the section Reineria, with terminal or leaf-opposed racemes or axillary clustered pedicels, and to the large subsection with subulate or small stipules. Several species differ from all extra-Australian ones in the venation of the leaflets. In general the Australian species, more even than the Asiatic ones, are extremely difficult to define ; the terminal or axillary, racemose or clustered inflorescences, usually so distinct, seem to pass the one into the other or to be blended together even on the same specimen, the foliage and indumentum is more than usually diversified and variable, and when to this is added the imper- fection of the specimens we possess from tropical Australia, it must be expected that further investigation may considerably modify the circumscriptions of several of the species here described. — From Bentham’s note on the Australian species in FI. Austr. ii. 202.
Leaflets obovate, oval, elliptical, or oblong, the primary veins anastomosing or reticulate within the margin.
Leaflets mostly 5 to 11, rarely under lin. long. Racemes elongated.
Plant softly tomentose or silky. Flowers numerous. Calyx 4 to 5 lines
long, softly villous, lobes longer than the tube 1. T.flammea.
Plant nearly glabrous. Flowers few. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long, the teeth very short 2. T. reticulata.
Leaflets numerous, above £in. long, glabrous above, silky-pubescent or villous underneath. Racemes long.
Leaflets J to lin. long, very silky underneath, the veins reticulate.
Stipules persistent. Bracts small 3. T. crocea.
Leaflets 1 to 2in. long, silky-pubescent underneath, the primary veins parallel but anastomosing within the margins. Stipules very deciduous. Bracts linear-subulate, long 4. T. oblongata.
Leaflets numerous, not |in. long. Racemes long.
Plant loosely pubescent or villous. Stipules striate, reflexed. Leaflets
11 to 19 5. T.porrecta.
Plant closely silky-pubescent. Stipules minute, erect. Leaflets 30 to 40 or more G. T. polyzyga.
Leaves all or mostly simple or 1-foliolate. Leaflets long and linear or cuneate-oblong, the veins mostly reaching the margin or irregular.
Leaflets long and narrow-linear, either solitary with 2 stipellse or 3 with the middle one sessile or rarely another pair lower down. Flowers very small 7. T. leptoclada.
Leaflets cuneate-oblong, 1 or rarely 3 or 5. Flowers large 11.2’. oligophylla.
Leaves pinnate. Primary veins of the leaflets oblique, numerous, and parallel.
Flowers in short dense terminal racemes. Leaflets narrow, silvery-silky underneath. Pod incurved towards the end. Standard nearly 6 lines diameter. Leaflets usually green above 8. T. astragaloid.es.
Part II. p
392
XL1II. LEGUMINOSiE.
[ Tephrosia .
Flowers in long or slender racemes.
Leaflets small, numerous, with a long terminal one. Flowers small.
Pod long 9. 2’. juncea.
Leaflets few, or, if many, the terminal one not longer than the others.
Pod about lin. long, nearly straight. Seeds orbicular.
Leaflets 7 to 15. Flowers rarely 8 lines long. Pod obliquely acute, thin. Racemes filiform, not 2in. long, with few distant pairs of flowers 10. T. filipes.
Leaflets solitary or rarely 3 or 5. Flowers about 6 lines long. Pod
coriaceous, almost obtuse 11. T. oligopliylla.
Pod above lin long, more or less incurved. Seeds transversely oblong. Racemes usually long.
Leaflets usually above 7. Calyx small, on a slender pedicel ; teeth
subulate or very short. Pod glabrous, pubescent or loosely villous 12. T. purpurea.
Leaflets usually few, long and narrow. Calyx large, densely rusty-villous ; lobes longer than the tube, incurved, acuminate.
Pedicels short. Pod softly and closely pubescent 13. 2'. Bidwilli.
Leaflets usually few, cuneate, silky on both sides. Calyx small, softly silky. Pedicels short. Pod much curved, scarcely flattened, densely silky-tomentose 14. T. rosea.
1. T. flammea (flame-coloured), F. v. M. Herb.; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 204. An erect branching undershrub, of 3 to 4ft., the branches clothed with a loose velvety-rusty pubescence. Leaflets 5 to 9, or 3 in the uppermost leaves, broadly elliptical-oblong or almost ovate or obovate, very obtuse, 1 to 2in. long, shortly and softly pubescent or almost silky on both sides, the somewhat distant primary veins and reticulate veinlets very prominent underneath. Racemes terminal or in the upper axils. Flowers usually orange-red, numerous, clustered and rather large. Calyx-tube 2 lines long, the lobes lanceolate, as long as the tube. Standard fully 4 lines diameter, callous at the base above the claw ; keel much curved, almost rostrate, but obtuse. Upper stamen and an adjoining portion of the staminal tube hairy. Pod long, linear, rusty-villous, but not seen perfect. Seed nearly orbicular, with a small oblong strophiole.
Hab.: Islands Gulf of Carpentaria.
In inflorescence this species seems to connect the sections Brissonia and Reineria ; the very flat glabrous style is more that of Reineria. The venation of the leaflets differs from that of any extra- Australian species . — Bentli .
2. T. reticulata (netted), R. Br. Herb, (under Galega) ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 105 ; Fragm. ix. 64. Rootstock perennial, with prostrate or ascending stems, of 2ft. or more, minutely pubescent with appressed hairs. Leaflets 5 to 11 or more, petiolulate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, thinly coriaceous, the primary veins scarcely more prominent than the reticulate veinlets, glabrous or loosely pubescent underneath. Stipules sometimes lanceolate, the lower ones reflexed. Racemes long and rigid, terminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers rather small, in distant pairs, on pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long, the lobes shorter than the tube.. Standard 4 lines long, slightly silky outside ; keel incurved, obtuse. Pod 2^-in. long, 3 lines broad, broadly linear, nearly straight or recurved, pubescent, the upper suture thickened, the valves very flat. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Sim’s Island, A. Cunningham; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander (a more glabrous form) ; Herbert River and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
3. T. crocea (orange), R. Br. Herb. ( under Galega) ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 205. Stems or branches diffuse or ascending, attaining 2ft. or more, softly silky- villous. Leaflets usually 11 to 17, from obovate to narrow-oblong, ^ to lin. long, obtuse or mucronate, nearly glabrous above, softly silky underneath, the primary veins anastomosing and reticulate. Stipules lanceolate or linear, reflexed, per- sistent. Racemes long, terminal, leafy at the base. Flowers (pale yellow, R. Br.)
Tephrosia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
893
in distant pairs or clusters on short pedicels. Bracts small. Calyx silky- pubescent, about 3 lines long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube. Standard very silky. Pod H to 2in. long, incurved, softly velvety. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
4. T. oblongata (oblong), R. Br. Herb. ( under Galega) ; Bentli. FI. Austr, ii. 205. An erect shrub or undershrub, of 5 or 6ft., the branches angular, softly pubescent. Leaflets usually 11 to 17, oblong, obtuse, 1 to 2in. long, nearly glabrous above, silky-pubescent underneath, the primary pinnate veins parallel and prominent underneath, but anastomosing within the margin. Stipules very deciduous. Racemes long and rigid, terminal or in the upper axils, rarely leaf- opposed. Flowers (almost orange, R. Br., becoming pink when dry) in distinct clusters. Bracts linear-subulate, more conspicuous than in most species. Stan- dard fully £in. diameter, callous at the base above the claw ; keel much shorter and much curved. Style flattened, glabrous. Pod not seen.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
A very imperfect specimen of A. Cunningham’s from the N. coast may belong to the same species, the specimens of which sometimes almost assume the aspect of a Millettia. — Bentli.
5. T. porrecta (extending), R. Br. Herb, funder Galega); Bentli. hi. Austr. ii. 206. Rootstock thick, with elongated diffuse or ascending stems, the whole plant loosely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaflets usually 11 to 19, sessile, from broadly elliptical oblong to nearly linear, obtuse or with recurved points, 3 to 8 lines long, coriaceous, the primary veins arcuate and anastomosing within the margin and conspicuous on both sides. Stipules striate, recurved. Racemes long and slender, terminal, often leafy at the base, the floral leaves usually 3-foliolate. Flowers rather small, on pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, about 2 lines long, the lobes narrow-subulate, pointed, at least as long as the tube. Standard pubescent, about 4 lines diameter. Style scarcely flattened, strongly bearded. Pod about 1 to l^in. long, arcuate pubescent. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Br. (Benth. l.c.)
6. T. polyzyga (many pairs of leaflets), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 206. Stems or branches elongated, hoary or almost silky with a close tomentum. Leaflets 20 to 40 or more, on a common petiole of 3 to 5in., oblong, obtuse, mostly 4 or 5 lines long, rigid, nearly glabrous above, silky pubescent underneath, the primary veins few and anastomosing within the margin. Flowers small, in distant clusters, in long, often branched, racemose panicles. Pedicels short. Calyx silky-tomentose, 2 to 2J lines long, the lobes rather broad, acute, shorter than the tube. Standard broad ; keel obtuse. Style flat. Pod nearly straight, l\ to 2in. long, softly tomentose. Seeds lenticular.
Hab.: Thursday and other islands of Torres Straits, Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
7. T. leptoclada (branches slender), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 207. Apparently annual, erect, much branched at the base, loosely pubescent. Leaflets either single with a pair of stipellae, or 3 digitate at the end of the petiole, or rarely 1 or 2 pairs lower down the petiole, linear, often 2, 3, or even 4in. long when single, acutely acuminate, glabrous above, pubescent underneath. Racemes long, slender, with very small flowers in distant pairs. Pedicels slender. Calyx-teeth subulate, longer than the short tube. Standard not 3 lines diameter. Pod long, narrow, straight, pubescent. Seeds nearly orbicular.
Hab.: Bowen River, Bowman ; Walsh River, T. Barclay -Millar,
394
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[Tephrosia.
8. T. astragaloides (like an Astragalus), R. Br. Herb , (under Galega);
Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 208. “ Too-ta,” Cloncurry, Roth. An erect undershrub of
1 to 2ft., the branches softly pubescent or silky. Leaflets usually 7 to 17, rather crowded, oblong-cuneate or almost linear, ^ to lin. long, obtuse or retuse, slightly pubescent and green above, softly silky and almost silvery underneath. Racemes short, leafy, with crowded rather large flowers, or very rarely elongated with distant clusters. Calyx 2 lines long or rather more, the lobes narrow, acute, rather shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. Standard 5 or 6 lines diameter ; keel incurved, obtuse. Style less flattened than in the other Australian species, and almost terete at the end, with a penicillate stigma. Pod above lin. long, incurved towards the end, tomentose. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; Dunk Island, M'Gillivray ; Burdekin Expedition, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; near Marlborough, Bowman; Charters Towers, C. F. Plant.
The leaves bruised and thrown into water to poison fish. — Roth.
Var. (?) macrostachya. Raceme elongated. Leaflets silky-villous on both sides. Pod of T. astragaloides. — Bowen River, Bowman.
9. T. juncea (Rush-like), R. Br. Herb, (under Galega) ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 208. An annual or perennial, with erect, slender but rigid and virgate, not much branched stems, of 1J to 2ft., glabrous or hoary-pubescent. Leaflets above 20, on a long slender common petiole, the terminal one oblong-linear, f to above lin. long, the others very much smaller, obovate, obcordate, or cuneate, from under 3 to nearly 5 lines long, glabrous above, hoary or silky underneath. Flowers small, in distant pairs, in long slender terminal racemes. Calyx about 1 line long, with very short teeth. Standard nearly 3 lines diameter. Pod l^in. long or more, narrow, usually incurved towards the end, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Seeds more or less transversely oblong.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River and Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Broadsound , R. Broicn ; Gould Island, M‘Gillivray ; Wide Bay, Bid will ; Rockhampton, Thozet; Elliott River, Bowman; also in Leichhardt's collection.
10. T. filipes (thread-like racemes), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 208. A perennial, with slender diffuse or ascending branching stems, rarely above 1ft. long, minutely silky-hoary. Leaflets 7 to 15, narrow-oblong or linear, those of the lower leaves obtuse, of the upper leaves acute with straight or recurved points, all rather rigid, glabrous above. Racemes filiform, 1 or rarely 2in. long, with usually only 2 distant pairs of small flowers, or the terminal ones more rigid, leafy at the base. Pedicels longer than the calyx. Calyx about 1 line long, including the short teeth. Standard about 3 lines diameter. Style flattened. Pod about lin. long, straight, glabrous or nearly so. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Browne, Henne ; Croydon, R. C. Burton; Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Dawson River, F. v. Mueller ; Endeavour River and Percy Island, A. Cunningham; May Day Island, Armstrong; Wide Bay, Bidwill; Erythrina Creek, Leichhardt ; Brisbane River, and many other southern localities. Flowering in December.
Var. latifolia. Leaflets cuneate-oblong, silky underneath.— Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.
11. T. oligophylla (leaflets few), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 209. Rootstock woody, with ascending stems of £ to 1ft., glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaflets 1, 3, or rarely 5, broadly oblong-cuneate to narrow-oblong, f to l^in. long, obtuse or retuse with a small point, glabrous or sprinkled underneath with a few hairs, the primary veins not so close as in most species. Flowers usually numerous, rather large, the racemes not very long. Bracts subulate, persistent. Pedicels short. Calyx-tube nearly glabrous, about 1 line long, the teeth rather longer, subulate-acuminate. Standard fully 4 lines diameter ; keel much curved, obtuse. Style flattened. Pod straight or slightly recurved (not incurved), about lin. long, glabrous or nearly so. Seeds orbicular.
Hab.: Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Albany Island, F. v, Mueller,
Tephrosia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSflE.
395
12. T. purpurea (flowers purple), Pers.; W. and Am. Prod. 218 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 209. A perennial or undershrub of 1 to 2ft., with spreading or decum- bent branches, glabrous, hoary or pubescent. Leaflets usually 7 to 11, oblong- cuneate or linear, obtuse or with a small recurved point, J to lin. long, glabrous above, hoary or silky underneath. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, the lower ones often very short, the upper ones 6in. long or more, with distant fascicles of 2 to 4 pinkish flowers. Calyx minutely pubescent, the tube about 1 line long, the lobes subulate-pointed, variable in length. Standard about 4 lines diameter, keel obtuse. Upper stamen slightly cohering with the others in the bud, but very soon quite free. Style much flattened. Pod glabrous or pubescent, about lfin. long, more or less falcate. Seeds transversely oblong. — T. Baueri, Benth. in A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 408.
Hab.: Bowen River, F. v. Mueller ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
This species is very common in tropical Asia and E. tropical Africa, where it varies consider- ably as to stature, length of raceme, indumentum, &c., but where the calyx-lobes are always subulate and longer than the tube. Among the Australian specimens, those above quoted are the only ones I have seen agreeing in this respect as well as in foliage with the Asiatic ones. The following forms, which are probably varieties of the same species, do not nevertheless appear to be represented out of Australia. — Benth.
Var. brevidens. More shrubby and erect, with the habit of the Pacific Island variety usually named T. piseatoria, Pers.; hoary with a minute appressed pubescence. Leaflets mostly 9 to 15. Racemes usually very long. Calyx-teeth very short or the lowest nearly as long as the tube. — Various points of the N. and E. coasts, islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Cape Upstart, M'Gillivray; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Percy Island, A. Cunningham.
Var. rufescens. Habit of the var. brevidens , but the branches densely and softly rusty-villous. Leaflets more numerous, often above 20. Racemes long and many-flowered. Calyx-teeth short as in the var. brevidens. — Rocky hills, Gorman Creek, Moreton Bay, Enoggera, C. Stuart; Port Bowen, A. Cunningham; Archer’s Hill, Leichhardt.
Var. longifolia. Leaflets very narrow, obtuse acute or mucronate, often 1 to 2in. long. Racemes long. Calyx-teeth subulate, but rather short.— Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Lands- borough ; Depot Creek, F. v. Mueller ; Albert River, Henne.
Var. sericea. Leaflets numerous, narrow, acute, silky underneath. Calyx-teeth short.- - Broadsound, R.'Broicn, Bowen; Charters Towers, C. F. Plant.
Var. (?) laxa. Stems loosely decumbent. Leaflets few, broad, loosely pubescent or villous, the veins parallel above, almost reticulate underneath. Calyx-teeth subulate, but very short. — - Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne.
13. T. Bidwilli (after J. C. Bidwill), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 210. Rootstock woody, with ascending or erect stems of 1 to 2ft., more or less pubescent. Leaflets in the lower leaves 3 or 5, oblong or lanceolate, in the others 7 to 11, linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 1 to 2 or even 3in. long, narrowed at the base, in distant pairs along a slender rigid petiole, green on both sides, but slightly pubescent underneath. Racemes usually on long peduncles, the lower pairs of flowers distant. Calyx densely rusty-pubescent, the tube about 1| line long, the lobes longer, incurved, narrow, but not subulate, the 2 upper ones united above the middle. Standard fully 5 lines broad ; keel much incurved, almost acute. Style much flattened. Pod 1J to 2in. long, slightly incurved, softly pubescent. Seeds transversely oblong.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller ; Darling Downs.
Var. (?) densa. Leaflets shorter and more silky ; inflorescence dense, but with the calyx of T. Bidwilli. 1
14. T. rosea (Rose-coloured), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 211. A perennial or undershrub, with ascending branches, closely but rather densely silky-tomentose. Leaflets usually 5 or 7, oblong-cuneate or obovate-oblong, very obtuse or retuse, green and slightly pubescent above, silky underneath. Racemes long and rather rigid. Flowers small, in clusters of 2 or 3. Pedicels usually shorter than the calyx. Calyx silky tomentose, the tube about 1 line long, the
396
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Tephrosia.
teeth or lobes about as long. Standard about 3 lines diameter, the claw short. Style much flattened. Pod narrow, densely silky pubescent, much curved, the sutures scarcely thickened, the valves very convex. Seeds transversely oblong. Hab.: Gulf country.
Var. (?) angustifolia. Leaflets linear, elongated. Pod softly villous. — Cooper’s Creek, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
34. MILLETTIA, W. and Arn.
(After Dr. Millet.)
Calyx broad, truncate or with short teeth or lobes, the 2 upper ones often united. Standard broad, usually reflexed; keel incurved, obtuse. Upper stamen free or cohering with the others in the middle ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or rarely stipitate, surrounded at the base by an angular or cup-shaped disk, with several ovules ; style inflexed, terete, glabrous, with a small terminal stigma. Poci broadly linear-lanceolate or oblong, flat and hard, or if convex thick and woody, opening at length in two valves. Seeds orbicular or reniform, not strophiolate. — Trees, tall shrubs, or woody climbers. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets penniveined with reticulate veinlets, usually stipellate. Stipules small. Racemes terminal or paniculate at the ends of the branches. Flowers usually purple, pink or white, clustered or scattered along the rhachis. Bracts and bracteoles usually very deciduous.
A large genus, ranging over the warmer regions of Asia and Africa, with 3 endemic Australian species. Benthamsays: It differs from the North American and Japanese genus Wistaria, only in the hard, usually flat or thick pod, not opening so readily, although not absolutely indehiscent as in the Dalbergiea.
Plant hoary-pubescent. Pods dehiscent, large, the outside densely velvety
and ribbed ; integument of seed very loose 1. M. megasperma.
Plants silky-pubescent. Pod tardily dehiscent, hard, woody, nearly glabrous ;
integument of seed closely adherent 2. M. Maideniana.
Plant glabrous or nearly so. Flowers on very hairy pedicels. Bracts and
bracteoles prominent 3. M. pilipes.
1. M. megasperma (large-seeded), F. v. M. (under Wistaria) ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 211. A tall evergreen woody climber, glabrous except a slight hoari- ness on the young shoots and panicles. Leaflets 7 to 13, obovate or obovate- oblong, shortly acuminate, If to 2in. long, somewhat coriaceous and green on both sides. Racemes 4 to 6in. long, several in a terminal almost leafless panicle. Flowers scattered, purple. Calyx about 2f lines long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones united into a very broad truncate upper lip. Standard above fin. broad, minutely silky-pubescent, with a slightly prominent transverse callous appendage inside above the claw. Upper stamen quite free. Ovary stipitate. Pod about Gin. long, thick, hard, almost woody, densely velvety out- side. Seeds red, large and thick. — Wistaria megasperma , F. v. M. Fragm. i. 10.
Hab.: Pine River, near Moreton Bay, IF. Hill, F. v. Mueller; Nurrum-Nurrum Creek, Leichhardt ; not uncommon in the southern scrubs.
The gum contains 78 per cent, of tannin. Maiden ; 75 per cent, according to Lauterer; and 20 per cent, of water, Maiden and Lauterer.
2. 1YE. Maideniana (after J. H. Maiden, F.L.S.), Bail. Bot. Bull. No. v. (1892). Branchlets striate and clothed with appressed silky hairs. Leaves about Gin. long, petioles slender ; leaflets 11 to 13, narrow, oblong or lanceolate, the largest about 2in. long, fin. broad, on petiolules under 2 lines long, which with the midribs and rhachis are covered with stiff appressed setaceous hairs. Stipules fugacious, and all fallen from the specimen examined ; stipellae minute, setaceous, hairy, persistent at the upper leaflets ; upper surface of leaflets dark-green, the under pale-coloured ; reticulation very fine and close, but scarcely visible except with the aid of a lens. Inflorescence in terminal panicles about 7in. long, the
Millettia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
397
branches racemose, bearing more or less scattered purple flowers. Pedicels about 4 lines long, hairy. Calyx silky, about 2^ lines long, deeply lobed ; standard £ to nearly fin. broad, much broader than long, grey, with silky hairs on the back, the face deep-purple and bearing a semicircular wing-like callosity just above the very short claw ; wing and keel petals falcate-oblong, free except near the apex. Upper stamen quite free, with a callous swelling about a third up from the base where it comes in contact with the others, the free ends of the joined ones fili- form, all glabrous ; anthers minute. Ovary sessile, silky-hairy. Style inflexed, glabrous. Pod Bin. long, almost terete and lfin. diameter, oblong, minutely tuberculose, chick, hard, and woody, the thin endocarp separating from the epicarp, with a follicular aestivation. Seeds 2, brown, hard, and polished, about 7 lines long and nearly as thick, irregularly angled, hilum as long as the seed.
Hab.: Port Macquarie, communicated by Mr. J. H. Maiden. With the above was also a pod gathered at Murwillumbah, evidently belonging to the same species ; this pod, however, was Tin. long, tapering at each end ; nearly terete, indehiscent, slightly over lin. diameter, showing a slight pubescence at the contractions between the seeds. Seeds precisely like those in the short obtuse pod above described. The difference of the pods alone is quite sufficient to distinguish this species from the only other species met with in the northern parts of New South Wales and southern Queensland of which the fruit is known — M. megasperma, the outside of whose pods closely resembles corduroy ; the outer coating of the seeds also of this species cracks and peels off in fragments. It is probable that in a fresh or early state the pods of the new species may be pubescent, and that it had been rubbed off the two pods examined. I have more than once received loose seed of this new species from persons who had picked them up in the scrubs of our southern border towards the Tweed River, so have given the plant in the Queensland Flora.
8. M. pilipes (hairy pedicels), Bail. Add. to 3rd Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. A tall woody climber, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, pinnate, of 2 or more pairs of pinnas ; pinnte oblong-lanceolate, about 2in. long, the margins undulate ; petiolules rugose, 2 or 8 lines long ; primary veins few, distant, and with the smaller reticulations rather prominent on both faces. Inflorescence in terminal racemose panicles of brownish-pink flowers, the main and secondary rhachises downy. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, about ^in. long. Pedicels slender, about fin. long, clothed with light-brown spreading hairs ; bracteole narrow-linear at top of pedicel. Calyx about 2^ lines long, campanu- late, nearly glabrous ; lobes attenuated, about as long as the cup, the two inner ones joined into one ; margins ciliate. Standard nearly orbicular, about ^in. diameter, with a callous appendage at the top of the claw ; claw short, slightly hairy on the back, the wing and keel petals coherent at the obtuse points, with sharp auricles at the base ; claws slender. Stamens diadelphous, upper one free. Ovary tomentose, nearly or quite sessile. Style glabrous, incurved ; stigma small ; disk a crenulate, glabrous, short sheath. Pod not seen.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft.
35. SESBANIA, Pers.
(The Arabic name of one species.)
(Agati, De. sv.)
Calyx-tube broad, truncate, or with nearly equal teeth or lobes. Standard orbicular or ovate, spreading or reflexed ; keel incurved, obtuse or acuminate, the claws much longer than those of the other petals. Upper stamen free, geniculate near the base, the others united in a sheath angled near the base ; anthers uniform or nearly so. Ovary with several ovules ; style glabrous, with a small terminal stigma. Pod long and linear (or in some species not Australian oblong), 2-valved or indehiscent, the endocarp continuous with spurious transverse parti- tions separating the seeds. Seeds without any strophiole. — Herbs or shrubs, sometimes arborescent, but of very few years’ duration. Leaves abruptly pinnate,
398
XLI1I. LEGUMINOS-fE.
[Sesbania.
with numerous entire leaflets, the stipellse minute or none. Stipules setaceous, usually very deciduous. Flowers yellow, red, variegated or white, in short loose axillary racemes ; pedicels slender. Bracts and bracteoles very rarely persistent to the time of flowering.
The genus is widely spread over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World.
Flowers very large (nearly 3in. long), the petals narrowed at the end . . . 1. S. grandiflora.
Flowers not lin. long. Petals broad.
Racemes pendulous. Stem shrubby 2. S. agyptiaca.
Racemes erect. Stem herbaceous. Bracts and bracteoles very deciduous.
Calyx-teeth very short 3. S. aculeata.
1. S. grandiflora (large-flowered), Pers. Syn. PL ii. 316 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 212. A tall shrub or small tree of very few years’ duration, glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaflets 10 to 30 pairs, oblong or elliptical, obtuse and often mucronate, 1 to l-|in. long. Racemes short, with 2 to 4 very large flowers, white in Australian specimens. Calyx-tube Jin. long, without the turbinate base, the teeth or lobes short and broad. Petals 2 to nearly 3in. long; standard ovate, rather shorter than the others ; keel much incurved, ending in an obtuse beak. Pod upwards of a foot long, nearly 3 lines broad. — Agati grandiflora, Desv.; DC. Prod. ii. 266; W. and Arn. Prod. 215 ; A. formosa, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 88.
Hab.: Said to have been found either at the top of Cape York Peninsula or the islands of Torres Straits.
The red-flowered variety, S. coccinea, Pers. l.c., or Agati coccinea, Desv., is not amongst the Australian species I have seen. Both varieties are frequent in India, but perhaps only about villages and other places where they have been planted ; they both appear to be really indigenous in the Archipelago. The size of the flowers with the petals narrower in proportion has induced the separation of this species as a genus, but there is no other character to distinguish it from Sesbania. The Sandwich Island S. tomentosa (Agati tomentosa, Nutt.) is quite intermediate between the two. — Benth.
2. S. aegyptiaca (Egyptian), Pers.; DC. Prod. ii. 264 ; Benth. FI. Austr.
ii. 212. “ Ngeen -jerry,” Cloncurry, Palmer. A shrub of 5 or 6ft., becoming, in
India at least, a tree of twice that size, but of very few years’ duration, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, the branches terete or obscurely angled. Leaflets usually under 20 and often not 10 pairs, oblong, obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long or when luxuriant nearly lin. Flowers rather large, yellow or with a purple vexillum, in loose pendulous racemes, shorter than the leaves. Bracts and bracteoles very deciduous. Calyx about 3 lines long, without the narrow-turbinate almost stalk- like base, the teeth very short and broad. Standard about Jin. broad ; keel much incurved, broad, obtuse, with an acute angle at the base. Pod when perfect 8 to lOin. long and 2 to 2J lines broad, but often much shorter by the abortion of many of the ovules. — W. and Arn. Prod. 214 ; Wight, Ic. t. 32 ; S. picta, Pers.; Bot. Reg. t. 873.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller, and other northern localities.
This species is common in tropical Asia and Africa.
When dry the natives use two pieces of the same plant for fire-drills; stems are used for the ends of reed-spears. — Palmer.
3. S. aculeata (prickly), Pers.; DC. Prod. ii. 265; Benth. PI. Austr. ii. 213. An erect herb, usually of 4 to 5ft., but sometimes twice that size, glabrous or the young shoots slightly pubescent, the branches terete or slightly angular. Leaflets from 20 to nearly 50 pairs, narrow-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, 4 to 8 lines long, on a common petiole often ^ to 1ft. long and sometimes armed with small tubercles or prickles, which are however often very minute or quite wanting. Flowers yellow, much smaller than in S. aegyptiaca, in loose erect racemes shorter than the leaves. Bracts and bracteoles very deciduous. Calyx about 2J lines
Sesbania .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
899
long, including the short turbinate base, the teeth short, broad, and acute. Standard scarcely Jin. broad ; keel very much incurved, broadly obtuse in front. Pod long, narrower than in S. cegyptiaca, the sutures more thickened. — W. and Arn. Prod. 214 ; S. australis, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. i. 36.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborough, also M'Kinlay’s Expedition; in the interior, Mitchell ; Rockhampton, Dallachy.
Var. sericea. Young branches and foliage silky-pubescent. — N.W. coast, Bynoe ; Nichol Bay, F. Gregory's Expedition ; Sturt’s Creek and Flinder’s River, F. v. Mueller ; islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. — Bentli.
Var. (?) erubescens. Flowers rather longer, the standard pinkish. Branches more angular. — Sturt’s Creek, F. v. Mueller. This may possibly be near S. punctata, Pers., which, however, is scarcely specifically distinct from S. aculeata. Fragments from Gulf country may belong to this variety.
36. CLIANTHUS, Soland.
(Glory-flower.)
(Donia, G. Don.)
Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Standard acuminate, closely reflexed over the calyx ; wings shorter, lanceolate ; keel about as long as the standard, erect, incurved, acute. Upper stamen free, the others united in a sheath ; anthers reniform. Ovary stipitate, with many ovules ; style subulate, incurved, longitudinally bearded along the inside towards the end ; stigma minute, terminal. Pod turgid, oblong-acuminate, 2-valved. Seeds reniform, not strophiolate. — Herbs or under- shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Stipules herbaceous. Flowers large, red, in short axillary racemes.
Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus comprises one other from New Zealand. The Norfolk Island climber, described as C. carneus, forms the very distinct genus Streblorhiza, Endl. — Benth.
1. C. Sampieri (after Wm. Dampier), A. Gunn, in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, i. 522 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 214. A perennial, with stout procumbent or ascending stems, of 2ft. or more, densely villous, with long soft hairs. Leaflets about 15 to 21, obovate-elliptical or oblong, obtuse or almost acute, mostly J to to lin. long, nearly glabrous above, villous underneath. Stipules broad, embracing the stem. Peduncles rarely exceeding the leaves, bearing a short dense almost umbel-like raceme of large red pendulous flowers. Bracts lanceolate. Pedicels about Jin. long, with short linear bracteoles. Calyx hirsute, nearly fin. long, the lobes lanceolate acuminate, longer than the tube. Standard 2Jin. long, with a deep-purple or black shining blotch at the base ; wings ljin. long, acute ; keel nearly as long as the standard. Pod narrow-oblong, 2 to 2Jin. long, coriaceous, the seminal suture indented, softly pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Seeds small and numerous. — R. Br. in App. Sturt, Voy. 8 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5051 ; Lindl. in Paxt. FI. Gard. t. 10 ; C. Oxleyi, A. Cunn. in Trans. Hort. Soc. l.c.; Donia speciosa and D. forrnusa, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 468.
Hab.: Warrego.
37. SWAIN SON A, Salisb.
(After Mr. W. Swainson, the zoologist.)
(Cyclogyne, Benth.; Diplolobium, F. v. M.)
Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Standard nearly orbicular, on a short claw ; wings oblong, falcate or slightly twisted, free ; keel broad, incurved, obtuse or produced into a twisted beak. Upper stamen entirely free, the others united in a sheath ; anthers reniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with many ovules ; style incurved, subulate or curled inwards at the end, more or less longitudinally bearded along the inner edge, the stigma small or inconspicuous at or near the end. Pod either ovoid membranous and inflated ; or narrow and coriaceous, but turgid, the upper
400
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Swaimona.
suture occasionally impressed, or the pod divided by a longitudinal partition. Seeds usually small, reniform, without any strophiole. — Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or clothed, especially the young shoots, with short rather rigid appressed hairs. Leaves unequally pinnate, leaflets usually numerous, small, entire, without stipelte. Stipules herbaceous, oblique with a broad base, rarely almost subulate. Flowers violet-purple, blue, red, white or yellowish, in axillary
racemes. Bracts membranous, usually small. Bracteoles sometimes close to
the calyx and persistent, sometimes on the pedicel, and very small or none.
The genus is limited to Australia, with the exception of a single New Zealand species. The European and Asiatic Coluteas are, however, only to be distinguished by their shrubby habit and large prominent lateral stigma, and the S. African Lessertias are some of them so near to S. lessertiifolia (S. colonies) and its allies as to make it very difficult to draw any but a geographical line between the two genera. — Benth.
A. Standard with prominent oblique or longitudinal plate-like calli above the claw. Pod
stipitate , thin, inflated.
Style bearded only along the inner side. Flowers large. Pod acute, 1 to 2in. long.
Calyx densely white-tomentose 1. S. Greyana.
Calyx glabrous, or nearly so 2 . S. galegifolia .
Style with a tuft of small hairs behind the stigma on the back, l esides the
longitudinal beard. Pod under Jin. long. Flowers small 3. S. brachycarpa.
B. Standard with transverse or confluent callosities on the top of or close above the claw, or the top of the claw much thickened. Pod sessile or nearly so, turgid, often coriaceous.
Keel incurved, but neither twisted nor oblique. Style slender. Ovary silky- villous.
Leaflets usually more than 9. Calyx-lobes lanceolate. Plant hoary or almost mealy-pubescent. Leaflets linear or oblong. Flowers large,
few, on long peduncles 4. S. phacoides.
Leaflets usually under 9. Calyx-lobes subulate or very short. Plants usually low or procumbent.
Plant slightly hoary. Leaflets obovate. Flowers small, few, in short
racemes 5. S. oligophylla.
Plant glabrous or slightly hoary. Leaflets lanceolate or linear, apute.
Flowers few, in short racemes 10. S. oroboides.
Keel oblique or laterally twisted. Style firm, readily twisting. Ovary glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets few, lanceolate, acute. Ovary quite sessile 6. S. campylantha.
C. Standard without any callosities, the claw usually short, broad and thin. Pod various.
Keel spirally twisted, without callosities. Pod sessile, oblong. Standard f to lin. broad. Pod above lin. long, the upper suture intruded, but not completely dividing it 7. S. procumbens.
Leaflets shorter, broader, and more frequently hirsute. Flowers smaller,
the keel less twisted. Pod shorter and more turgid 8. S. oncinotropis.
Keel neither twisted nor callous.
Style firm, flattened, hooked or inflexed at the end, bearded only along the inner side. Plant hoary or mealy. Leaflets narrow. Stipules broad 9. S. phacifolia.
Style slender, not hooked, bearded only along the inner side.
Racemes pedunculate, exceeding the leaves.
Pod rarely under fin. long. Keel very obtuse. Leaflets 3, 5, or
rarely 7, lanceolate, acute. Standard with a rather thick narrow
claw. Calyx rarely with black hairs 10. S. oroboides.
Pod less than Jin. long. Flowers small. Keel much incurved.
Leaflets small or narrow 11. S. monticola.
Racemes few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers very
small 12. S. luteola.
Style slender, not hooked, with a tuft of hairs at the end on the back behind the stigma, besides the longitudinal beard, which is often
slight.
Ovary and pod sessile.
Leaflets linear, acute, lin. long or more 13. S. parviflora.
Leaflets obcordate or cuneate-emarginate, under 4 lines long . . .14. S. microphylla.
Swainsona.\
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
401
Ovary and pod distinctly stipitate.
Flowers purple or whitish. Pod above lin. long, on stipes much
longer than the calyx 15. S. Fraseri.
Flowers yellow. Pod about Jin. long, on a stipes not exceeding the
calyx 16. S. laxa.
1. S. Crreyana (after Capt. [Sir] George Grey), Lindl. Bot. II eg. 1846, t.
66; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 216. A perennial or undershrub, with erect or
ascending stems of 2 to 3ft., the young shoots and leaves white-tomentose, becoming glabrous when full-grown. Leaflets 11 to 21, oblong obtuse or refuse, f to lin. or sometimes ljdn. long. Flowers large, pink, in long erect pedunculate racemes. Bracts ovate or lanceolate. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Brac- teoles close to the calyx and often as long as its tube. Calyx densely cottony- white, 3 to 4 lines long, the teeth short. Standard fin. diameter, with 2 prominent erect plate-like calli above the claw ; wings shorter ; keel incurved, obtuse, not so broad as in S. galegifolia. Pod inflated, membranous, attaining If to 2in., on a stipes of f to fin. — Bot. Mag. t. 4416 ; S. grandiflora, R, Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 11.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in F. v. Mueller’s Census Austr. Plants.
The precise form and proportions of the teeth of the calyx and bracteoles prove too variable to admit of distinguishing, even as constant varieties, the two forms described by R. Brown. — Benth.
2. S. galegifolia (Galega-leaved), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iii. 327; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 217. Darling Pea. A glabrous perennial or undershrub, with erect flexuose branches, sometimes under 1ft., sometimes ascending or even climbing to the height of several feet. Leaflets 11 to 21 or rarely more, oblong, obtuse or emarginate, mostly 4 to 8 lines long. Stipules small, reflexed. Racemes pedunculate, exceeding the leaves and sometimes twice as long. Flowers rather large, deep red in the original variety. Pedicels rarely longer than the calyx, with minute bracteoles near the top. Calyx glabrous, 2f to 3 lines long, the lobes acute, short or nearly as long as the tube. Standard 6 to 8 lines diameter, with 2 oblique or almost longitudinal plate-like prominent callosities above the claw ; wings shorter ; keel broad, obtuse. Style subulate, acute, not indexed at the end, bearded longitudinally without any terminal tuft. Pod much inflated, membranous, 1 to 2in. long, on a stipes varying from 2 to 6 lines. — DC. Prod. ii. 271 ; Vicia galegifolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 319 ; Colutea galegifolia, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 792 ; S. Oshornii, Moore, in Gard. Comp. t. 65, copied into Lemair. Jard. Fleur, t. 304.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Moreton Bay, Fraser ; Wide Bay, Bidwill, Leichhardt ; Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller ; Mantuan Downs and Balonne River, Mitchell ; Burdekin River, Fitzalan; plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt.
The species varies with light purplish-pink flowers, S. coronillcefolia, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 28; DC. Prod. ii. 271; Bot. Reg. t. 1725; and with white flowers, Bot. Reg. t. 994; S. albiflora, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 245 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1642. The differences in the length of the stipes of the pod do not, as had been supposed, coincide with the differences in the colour of the flower. — Benth.
This and other species of the genus are said to be poisonous to stock.
3. S. brachycarpa (short-fruited), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 217. A perennial, glabrous or nearly so, with the habit of 8. galegifolia, but much smaller and more slender. Leaflets numerous, oblong, mostly narrow, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Stipules small. Racemes on long peduncles exceeding the leaves. Flowers small, apparently purple or red. Pedicels about as long as the calyx. Calyx scarcely above 1 line long, broad with short acute teeth. Standard about 5 lines diameter, with the oblique almost longitudinal plate-like appendages of 8. galegifolia, and the wings and keel also similarly shaped, but the style is only very slightly bearded longitudinally and has the dorsal tuft of hairs immediately
402
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^l.
[Swainsond.
behind the stigma of S. micropkylla, laxa, and Fraseri. Pod inflated, membranous, globular or ovoid, 4 to 5 lines long, on a stipes exceeding the calyx, but perhaps not quite full grown in specimens examined.
Hab.: Condamine River and Darling Downs, Leichhardt ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller.
4. S. phacoides (Phaca- [Astragulus] -like), Benth. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 363 and FI. Austr. ii. 217. A perennial, with procumbent or ascending stems of 1 to ljft., hoary-pubescent as well as the leaves, the young shoots silky. Leaflets 9 to 13, narrow-oblong or linear, obtuse or retuse, 4 lines to lin. long. Stipules lanceolate or subulate-pointed. Flowers rather large, yellow according to Mitchell but purple in most specimens, in short racemes on long peduncles. Bracts small. Pedicels very short. Calyx silky-villous, about 3
lines long, the lobes lanceolate, at least as long as the tube. Standard about 6 lines diameter, with thick almost confluent callosities almost on the claw ; wing short, rather broad ; keel incurved, obtuse. Style slender and much incurved, but not involute at the end. Pod sessile, oblong-linear, about lin. long, turgid, but coriaceous, silky-pubescent, the upper suture slightly indented.
Hab.: E. coast, R. Brown; Mount Owen and Maranoa River, Mitchell.
Var. parviflora. Leaflets fewer, usually narrow. Flowers smaller.
Var. grandiflora. Pubescence whiter, almost silky or mealy. Leaflets broadly oblong. Flowers large.
The two varieties distinguished by Mr. Bentham are given, as in all probability they may be met with in Queensland.
The callosities at the top of the claw in this and some of the following species are variable in shape and consistence, but are always very different from the distinct plates of S. galegifolia, and never disappear entirely as in S. phacifolia and others. — Benth.
5. S. oligophylla (leaves few), F.v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 219. Apparently perennial, with diffuse or ascending stems under 1ft. long, slightly hoary. Leaflets 5 to 9, from obovate to cuneate-oblong, very obtuse, \ to Jin. long. Stipules small. Flowers small, in short racemes, on peduncles sometimes scarcely exceeding the leaves, sometimes twice as long. Calyx-tube very short, with a prominent minutely-hispid nerve descending from each lobe, the lobes narrow, almost subulate, 3 or 4 times as long as the tube. Standard about 4 lines diameter, with a transverse callosity or thickening of the top of the claw ; wings shorter ; keel much incurved, obtuse, slightly exceeding the wings. Style slender, much incurved. Pod sessile, broadly oblong, turgid, about Jin. long, hoary-pubescent, the upper suture slightly indented, but not seen in perfect condition.
Hab.: Inland localities.
6. S. campylantha (curved flowers), F. v. M. in Rep. Grey. PI. 6 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 219. Glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with rather rigid stems of about 1ft. Leaflets usually about 5, lanceolate or linear, acute, 1 to ljin. long, or those of the lower leaves short and obtuse. Stipules small. Flowers (purple ?) not numerous, in pedunculate racemes longer than the leaves. Bracts small. Pedicels rather short. Bracteoles subulate, close to the calyx. Calyx 2 to 2J lines long, nearly glabrous outside ; lobes acute, nearly as long as the tube, pubescent inside. Standard about 5 lines diameter, with a callosity or thickening of the top of the claw ; wings twisted, nearly as long as the standard and always exceeding the keel ; keel with a short obtuse oblique beak. Style thick, much inflected at the base, hooked and almost involute at the end. Young pod sessile, glabrous.
Hab.: Bowen River, Boicmun, and other inland localities (Warrego, Maranoa, etc.)
Swainsona .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
403
7. S. procumbens (procumbent), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 46 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 220. Glabrous or the young shoots and foliage slightly silky, or sometimes pubescent or hirsute, with procumbent ascending or erect stems of 1 to 3ft. Leaflets 11 to 21 or more, varying from oblong or almost linear and J to ^in. long to lanceolate or linear-acute and above lin. long. Stipules herbaceous, rather large. Flowers large, fragrant, violet or blue, in a loose raceme on a peduncle often attaining 1ft. Bracts often as long as the pedicels ; bracteoles lanceolate, shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx about 3 lines long, the lobes at least as long as the tube, ciliate inside. Standard in the ordinary form above lin. broad, deeply emarginate, without callosities, the claw very short ; wings shorter, narrow, slightly twisted ; keel much incurved, produced into a long obtuse spirally twisted beak. Style very long and slender, spirally twisted with the keel, the slender tip sometimes hooked but not involute. Pod sessile, above lin. long, acute, turgid, very coriaceous, often incurved, the seminal suture either depressed or slightly prominent. — Cyclogyne swainsonioides, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 397 ; C. procumbens, F. v. M. in Linnaea, xxv. 393 ; S. violacea, Henders. Illustr. Bouq. t. 19.
Hab.: Plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt; near Ipswich, Nernst ; and many other southern localities.
Var. (?) minor. Leaflets shorter, broader, and more frequently hirsute. Flowers smaller, the keel less twisted. Pod shorter and more turgid. — Wimmera, Dallachy. This Baron Mueller has named as a species (S. oncinotropis, F. v. M., Melb. Chem. and Drugg., Oct. 1884), and as he says that it is usually found associated with S. procumbens in its many southern habitats, it probably may be also found with it in Queensland, and the Baron’s description will assist in its identification.
8. S. oncinotropis (referring to curved keel), F. v. M. Melb. Chem. and Drugg., Oct. 1884. Procumbent, ascendent, pubescent. Leaflets rather small, 11 to 25, cuneate, obovate, or oftener ovate-lanceolate, occasionally some ovate-obcordate, mostly short-pointed. Stipules rather large, herbaceous, almost dimidiate- cordate, but pointed. Racemes short. Flowers rather small. Pedicels downy, hardly as long as the calyx. Bracts nearly as long, membranous, broadish. Calyx outside scantily grey-bairy ; lobes long as the tube, much narrowed upwards. Petals all dark-violet. Standard without any callosities ; wings shorter than the other petals ; keel almost cyclically curved, nearly flat, obtuse. Style rather long, almost capillary, much curved, bearded only on the inner side towards the summit. Pod sessile, somewhat downy, cymbous-ellipsoid, pointed. Seeds pale-brown, not shining.
Hab.: Southern localities ?
9. S. phacifolia (Phaca-leaved), F.v.M. in S. Austral. Reg. 1850; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 221. A perennial, with ascending or erect stems, often exceeding lft., and sometimes much branched, usually hoary or white with short hairs, giving it sometimes a silky or almost mealy appearance. Leaflets usually 7 to 11, linear or narrow-oblong, acute, rather obtuse or emarginate. Stipules broad, especially the upper ones, which are often toothed. Flowers few in the raceme, on long peduncles. Calyx hoary or rarely with black hairs, nearly 3 lines long, the lobes acute or subulate-acuminate, usually about as long as the tube. Standard thin at the base, with a broad short claw and without any callosities ; keel much incurved, but obtuse ; wings as long as the keel. Ovary sessile, villous; style very rigid, flattened in the lower portion, distinctly hooked, inflexed, or almost involute at the end. Pod narrow-oblong, J to nearly 1 in. long, often incurved, the upper suture slightly indented. — S. stipularis, F. v. M. in Linntea, xxv. 393.
Hab.: Southern inland localities.
This species sometimes resembles some specimens of S. phacoides, but has no callosities what- ever on the vexillum ; it is more nearly allied to S. lesser tiifolia (S. colonies), but the indumentum, the large stipules, and larger flowers, give it a very different aspect. The keel is also much more curved, and the broad rigid style is peculiar. — Benth.
404
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Swai/nsona.
10. S. oroboides (Orobus-like), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 222. A small perennial, sometimes appearing annual, seldom exceeding Gin., the young parts silky-pubescent, at length nearly glabrous. Leaflets usually 3 or 5, lanceolate, acute, the terminal one often above lin. long, the lateral ones smaller, in the lower leaves often solitary, shorter, and more obtuse, in the upper leaves sometimes 7, smaller and linear. Stipules subulate. Flowers small, usually few in a very short raceme, or almost umbellate on a rigid peduncle, shortly exceeding the leaves. Calyx silky-pubescent, about 2 lines long, the lobes rather longer than the tube, but not so fine as in S. oligophylla. Standard 4 to 5 lines diameter, with a very slight callosity at the top of the claw, sometimes scarcely perceptible ; wings short ; keel exceeding the wings, broad, incurved, obtuse. Ovary villous ; style slender, incurved. Pod sessile, ovoid, ovoid-globular, or shortly oblong, often incurved, membranous, inflated, pubescent, about £in. long.
Hab.: Near Warwick, Beckler, and other inland localities.
Allied somewhat to S. oligophylla, but readily distinguished from it by the foliage. — Bentli.
11. S. monticola (a mountain plant), A. Cunn.; A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 411 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 228. A diffuse ascending or erect perennial, Leaflets small, usually narrow, and acute. Racemes usually loose and elongated. Calyx with scarcely any black hairs. Keel broad, much incurved, rather acute or almost rostrate. Pod sessile and inflated, mostly under £in. in length.
Hab.: Southern inland localities.
12. S. luteola (pale-yellow), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 75; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 228. A small species, hoary or silky-pubescent, with branching, erect or ascending stems of 4 to 8in. Leaflets 7 to 13, obovate or oblong, obtuse, not above 4in. long. Stipules broadly lanceolate. Flowers small, yellowish, few, in almost sessile racemes or interrupted spikes shorter than the leaves. Bracts small ; bracteoles inconspicuous. Calyx pubescent, narrower than in the other species, not 2 lines long, the lobes acute, about as long as the tube. Standard nearly 3 lines diameter, rather longer than broad, without callosities ; wings shorter ; keel nearly straight, obtuse. Style short, inflexed, almost involute at the extremity. Pod sessile, oblong, acuminate, f to l£in. long, membranous and inflated, but narrow, with the seminal suture more or less indented.
Hab.: Basaltic plains, Peak Downs, and Rockhampton, F. v. Mueller.
The small narrow flowers and close short inflorescence give to this plant a very different aspect from that of the rest of the genus. — Benth.
13. S. parviflora (flowers small), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 223. Nearly glabrous, with erect slender stems of about 1ft. and a few leaves. Leaflets 5 to 9, linear- acute, mostly lin. long or more. Racemes slender, with small distant flowers. Bracts minute. Pedicels about as long as the calyx. Calyx-tube about 1 line long, the teeth shorter, narrow, acute. Standard without callosities, about 3 lines broad and not so long ; wings as long as the keel, which is much curved, but obtuse. Style much inflexed, but not involute at the end, with a small tuft of hairs round the stigma. Pod sessile, ovoid, membranous, much inflated, about £in. long.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill.
14. S. microphylla (small- leaved), A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 410 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 223. Much branched at the base, with ascending or erect branches of \ to 1ft., or rarely more, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaflets numerous, obovate, obcordate or cuneate-oblong, usually emarginate, sometimes all under 1 line, more frequently 2 to 3 and rarely 4 lines long.
Swainsona.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
405
Flowers (purple ?) small, rather numerous, in erect racemes much longer than the leaves. Pedicels very short. Bracteoles minute. Calyx shortly pubescent, with a few small black hairs, scarcely above 1 line long, the teeth very short. Standard about 8 lines diameter, without callosities, the claw very short ; keel obtuse. Style much curved, but not involute at the end, with a small tuft of hairs at the top behind the stigma, besides the longitudinal beard of the genus. Pod sessile, ovoid or nearly globular, 3 to 5 lines long, much inflated, more or less incurved, the base of the style much so, the seminal suture slightly intruded.
Rab.: Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Connor’s River, Bowman ; and inland localities.
15. S. Fraseri (after C. Fraser), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 224. A tall species, often attaining 5 or 6ft. Leaflets 11 to 21 or more, distinctly petiolulate, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, mostly f to fin. long, green on both sides. Flowers violet-purple or nearly white, rather small, numerous, in long loose racemes. Calyx glabrous or slightly hairy, nearly 2 lines long, the teeth rather longer than in S. laxa, but not exceeding the tube. Standard about 5 to 6 lines diameter, without callosities ; wings shorter than the very obtuse keel. Style incurved, with a very conspicuous tuft of hairs on the top behind the stigma, and a few short hairs on the inner side. Pod inflated, membranous, acute, above 1 in. long, on a stipes much longer than the calyx.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, C. Stuart, F. v. Mueller ; Brisbane River.
16. S. laxa (loose growth), B. Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 18 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 224. Apparently a rather tall species, with terete branches, glabrous or the young shoots slightly silky. Leaflets 11 to 21, distinctly petiolulate, from broadly ovate to oblong, very obtuse, rarely above fin. long, and often very small. Stipules broad and falcate. Flowers yellow, rather small, in long loose racemes flowering from near the base. Bracts very small. Pedicels short, with minute bracteoles below the calyx. Calyx glabrous or slightly hairy, If line long, the teeth acute, shorter than the tube. Standard about 5 lines diameter, without callosities ; wings much shorter ; keel nearly as long as the standard, very obtuse. Style not involute, bearing a prominent tuft of hairs round or behind the stigma, especially at the back, besides the longitudinal beard of the genus. Pod glabrous, inflated, acute, fully fin. long, on a stipes usually shorter than the calyx-tube.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant by F. v. Mueller.
38. GLYCYRRHIZA, Linn.
(Sweet root.)
(Clidanthera, R. Br.)
Calyx-lobes equal or the 2 upper ones shorter and more united. Petals narrow ; standard ovate or oblong, nearly sessile ; keel shorter, obtuse or almost acute, the petals scarcely cohering. Upper stamen free or slightly cohering with the others in an open sheath ; anther-cells confluent at the top, the alternate smaller anthers opening deeply in 2 unequal valves. Ovary sessile, with 2 or more ovules ; style incui-ved, glabrous, with a terminal stigma. Pod ovate, oblong or shortly linear, flattened or turgid, glandular, muricate or rarely smooth, inde- hiscent or opening tardily in 2 valves. Seeds not strophiolate. — Herbs, with the root often sweet. Leaves unequally pinnate or rarely 3-foliolate, without stipellae. Stipules narrow, membranous, deciduous. Flowers blue-violet, white or yellowish, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, in axillary racemes. Bracts narrow, very deciduous. Bracteoles none.
The majority of the species are from the E. Mediterranean region, and temperate and sub- tropical Asia ; and one is found in extratropical S. America. The Australian species is endemic, although nearly allied to some of the Mediterranean ones. The exceptional anthers first
406
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
\Glycyrrhiza.
observed by R. Brown, upon which he founded his genus Clidanthera as distinguished from Psoralen, are to be seen, in a greater or less degree, in all the species of Glycyrrhiza, which moreover differ essentially from Psoralea in habit, in the ovules always more than one, and in the seed, even when solitary, never adhering to the pericarp. — Benth.
1. G-. psoraleoides (Psoralea-like), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 225. An erect herb or undershrub of 2ft. or more, glabrous or nearly so, but more or less glandular- viscid. Leaflets usually 9 or 11, from elliptical-oblong to linear, f to lin. long or rarely more, bordered with minute glandular teeth. Flowers small, in pedun- culate racemes or interrupted spikes. Calyx about 1£ line long; petals about twice as long. Ovules 2. Pod reddish, about 3 lines long, flattened, burr-like, muricate, the sutures slightly thickened, apparently indehiscent, containing 1 or 2 brown, slightly-veined seeds. — Indiyofera acanthocarpa, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 17 ; Clidanthera psoraleoides, R. Br. App. Sturt Exped. 11 ; Psoralea acanthocarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 45, and PI. Yict. ii. t. 26.
Hab.: St. George, Jos. Wedd.
39. ORMOCARPUM, Beauv.
(From the necklace-like pod.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes connivent or shortly connate, the lowest rather longer. Standard orbicular ; keel broad, incurved, as long as the wings. Stamens all united in a sheath opened on the upper side, and often splitting also on the lower side ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style indexed, filiform. Pod linear, flattened, dividing into 2 or more oblong or elongated indehiscent articles, narrowed at each end and longitudinally furrowed, often only one coming to perfection.— Tall shrubs. Leaves pinnate with small leaflets, or in a species not Australian of 1 large leaflet. Stipules striate. Flowers yellow, white, or streaked with purple, solitary or few together in axillary racemes. Bracts and bracteoles persistent.
Besides the Australian species, which has a wide range in tropical Asia, there are 2 or 3 from tropical Africa, and 2 or 3 less perfectly known from Mexico. — Benth.
1. O. sennoides (Senna-like), DC. Prod. ii. 315, var. lavis : Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 226. Perfectly glabrous, without the glandular pubescence of the common E. Indian form. Leaflets 9 to 15, broadly oblong, very obtuse, £ to fin. long. Stipules lanceolate-acuminate, sometimes very small, sometimes broad and 2 lines long. Peduncles axillary, either short and 1 -flowered, or rather longer, bearing 2 or 3 flowers. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, with 2 small bracteoles above the middle. Flowers yellow, about 5 lines long. Pod usually of 3 or 4 articles, but some remaining small and imperfect, and 1 or 2 only ripening, attaining in this variety above lin. in length, and about 3 lines broad in the middle. — FEschynomene colutcoides, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 87, t. 32.
Hab.: Endeavour River (?), Banks and Solander, R. Brown.
I have seen Australian specimens only in Herb. R. Brown, and a coloured figure in Sir J. Banks’ unpublished plates, neither with the precise station. This glabrous variety extends over the Archipelago to Siam and the Philippines. The common E. Indian form (Wight, Ic. t. 297) has usually a glandular-pubescent inflorescence, and the pods with shorter articles more or less glandular- warted ; but there appear to be intermediates preventing the maintaining the two forms as independent species. — Benth.
40. /ESCHYNOMENE, Lirm.
(Modest ; from some species being sensitive.)
Calyx-lobes nearly equal or united into 2 lips, either entire or the upper one 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed. Standard orbicular ; keel much curved and almost beaked, or rarely obovate and nearly straight. Stamens usually all united in a sheath more or less split both on the upper and lower edge, dividing the stamens
JEschynomene.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
407
into two bundles of 5 each ; anthers reniforra. Ovary stipitate, with 2 or more ovules; style filiform or subulate. Pod stipitate, separating into 2 or more short, flat, usually indehiscent reticulate articles.— Herbs, undershrubs, or in non- Australian species shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate, with small leaflets, without stipell®. Stipules free, flowers yellow, often streaked with red, in axillary or rarely terminal racemes.
A considerable tropical genus, the species numerous in America, fewer in Africa, and only two in Asia. Of the three Australian ones, one is common in Asia and Africa, one in South America and South Africa, and the other in America. — Benth. (in part).
Leaflets numerous. Stipules produced below their insertion. Calyx deeply
2-lipped 1. JE. indica.
Calyx 2-lipped. Leaflets 10 to 20 pairs 2. JE. americana.
Leaflets 7 to 11. Stipules striate, persistent, not produced below their insertion. Calyx-lobes nearly equal 3. JE.falcata.
1. JE. indica (Indian), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 320 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 226. A diffuse or erect annual of 1 to 2ft., or when luxuriant in very wet places 3ft. high, usually glabrous, but the stem occasionally bearing a few asperities. Leaflets usually 40 to 60, linear-oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Stipules lanceolate, acute, produced below their insertion into a rounded appendage. Racemes shorter than the leaves, loosely 2 to 4-flowered, and often bearing a pinnate leaf below the flowers. Pedicels slender. Bracts like the stipules but often denticulate ; bracteoles short, persistent. Calyx about 2 lines long, deeply divided into 2 lips, the upper one 2-toothed, the lower shortly 3-lobed. Petals about 4 lines long, glabrous ; keel much curved, almost acute. Pod on a long stipes, the upper suture straight, the lower slightly indented between the seeds ; articles about 2 lines long, glabrous, smooth or more or less warted or muricate in the centre. — W. and Arn. Prod. 219 ; Wight, Ic. t. 405 ; yE. cachemiriana, Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. 40, t. 48.
Hab : Burdekin Kiver, Bowman, and many other parts in tropical Queensland.
The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.
2. JE. americana (American), Linn. Stems virgate, about 3ft., pilose, herbaceous or suffrutescent. Leaflets of from 10 to 20 pairs, oblong-linear, oblique at the base, mucronate, 3 to 4-nerved. Stipules calcarate. Racemes few- flowered. Flowers 3 lines long, yellow or purplish. Calyx bilabiate. Pod shortly stipitate, incurved, articles 2 to 8, half-round, rectilinear on the upper, roundish on the lower margin, glabrescent, li line diameter. — Griseb. FI. Brit. West Ind. Isl. 185.
Hab.: Endeavour River, — Persieli (F. v. M.)
3. JE. falcata (boomerang-shaped), DC. Prod. ii. 322 ; var. paueijuga, Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 67, t. 14, and FI. Austr. ii. 227. Stems from a woody stock diffuse, decumbent or ascending, often under 1ft. and rarely nearly 2ft. long, more or less pubescent. Leaflets 7 to 11, obovate-oblong or cuneate, truncate or emarginate, usually oblique at the base, and about 3 to 4 lines long. Stipules acute, striate, not produced below their insertion. Peduncles slender, as long as or longer than the leaves, mostly 2 or 3-flowered. Pedicels much longer than the calyx. Bracts and bracteoles small, striate. Calyx 1J line long, the lobes all equally divided, as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones rather broader. Standard 3 to 4 lines diameter ; wings broad ; keel much curved, almost rostrate. Pod on a slender stipes of 2 to 4 lines, sprinkled with short hairs, the upper suture nearly straight and continuous, the lower edge deeply indented between the seeds ; articles 4 to 6, 1^- to 2 lines diameter, opening in 2 valves on the lower edge and scarcely separating from each other. — zE. micrantha, DC. Prod. ii. 321 ; Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. ii. 226, with all the synonyms there adduced.
Part II. G
408 XLIII. LEGU MINOS/E. [JEschynomene.
Hub.: Broaclsound, R. Brown ; on the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller ; Wide Bay, Bidwill; plains of Rockhampton, Bowman, Dallachy ; Moreton Bay, Bidwill, F. v. Mueller.
The species is common in Brazil, where it diverges into a number of varieties mentioned in Martin’s above-quoted Flora. The Australian form appears to me quite identical with the variety there named paueijuga, which is the most common in S. Brazil and Montevideo, and which is also the one found in S.E. Africa and Madagascar. — Bentli.
41. SMITHIA, Ait.
(After Sir J. E. Smith.)
Calyx deeply divided into 2 lips, the upper one entire or notched, the lower entire 8-toothed or 3-lobed. Standard nearly orbicular, narrowed into a short claw, wings and keel nearly as long as the standard. Stamens united in a sheath open on the upper side and soon splitting also on the lower side ; anthers reniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod consisting of 2 or more flattened articles, separated by very narrow contractions and folded over each other within the calyx. — Diffuse herbs or in some African species shrubs. Leaves pinnate, without stipellae. Stipules membranous or scarious. Flowers yellow, in axillary racemes or clusters. Bracts and bracteoles scarious or striate, persistent.
'The genus has a considerable number of tropical Asiatic and E. African species. The only Australian one is one of the commonest in E. India. — Bentli.
1. S. conferta (crowded), Sm. in Bees' Cyclop, xxxiii. ; Bentli. FI. Anstr. ii. 228. A procumbent or diffuse perennial of 1 to 1-J-ft. or rarely more, glabrous except a few long rigid hairs or bristles on the young branches, petioles, margins and midribs of the leaflets, and on the calyx. Leaflets 7 to 15 or more, rather crowded on a short common petiole, oblong or linear, oblique, under |in. long. Stipules produced below their insertion into a subulate-acuminate appendage longer than the upper part. Racemes reduced to clusters of 8 to 5 flowers, almost sessile in the upper axils. Bracteoles broad, striate, above half the length of the calyx. Calyx 3^ to 4 lines long, the lips slightly falcate, acute, mucronate, finely striated. Ovules about 6. Pod not protruding from the calyx. — 8. capitata, Desv. Journ. Bot. i. (iii.) 121 ; S. sensitiva, var. B. W. and Arn. Prod. 220.
Hab.: Common in tropical Queensland ; common also in E. India and in the Archipelago.
42. *ARACHIS, Linn.
(Ancient name.)
Calyx tube filiform, the lobes membranous, the 4 upper ones connate, the lowest thin, distinct. Petals and stamens inserted into the apex of the tube. Standard suborbicular. Wings oblong, free, keel incurved, rostrate. Stamens all connate in a closed tube, sometimes only 9 ; anthers alternately longer and shorter, fixed near the base and versatile. Ovary subsessile at the base of the tube, 2 or 3-ovulate, the torus after the flower falls becoming an elongated, deflexed, rigid stalk, forcing the fruit into the ground, the apex acute, and after the style falls terminated by a stigma-like callus ; style long, filiform ; stigma minute, terminal. Pod ripening beneath the soil, oblong, reticulate, indehiscent, sub- torulose, but not articulated, continuous within. Seeds 1 to 3, irregularly ovoid. — Low, often prostrate herbs.
A small genus, this species African (?), the other species confined to Brazil.
1. A. hypogaea (below the earth), Linn. Earth nut, pea nut or ground nut. Stems 1 to 2ft., long, herbaceous, diffuse, the branches clothed especially above with spreading hairs. Stipules lin, deep, the lower half adnate, the points
Arachis.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
409
lanceolate. Petioles 1 to l^in. long, silky. Leaflets in 2 pairs without a terminal one, obovate, 1 to l^in. long by more than half as broad. Flowers axillary, solitary, on long slender peduncles, only the lower ones fertile. Pod lin. long, l^in. broad.
Hab.: Africa, or probably with the rest of the genus Brazilian. Now found in Queensland, as in many other parts, as a stray from cultivation.
This plant is extensively grown in many warm countries as an article of food, and for the sake of the oil contained in its seeds (which is largely used by perfumers in the preparation of pomades and cold cream, also for soap-making, burning, <fcc.)
48. ZORNIA, Gmel.
(After Sohn Zorn.)
Calyx small and thin, the 2 upper lobes united, the 2 lateral ones small, the lowest narrow. Standard orbicular ; wings obovate or oblong ; keel incurved, almost rostrate. Stamens united in a closed tube ; anthers alternately long and short. Ovary sessile with several ovules ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod with the upper suture continuous, the lower one much indented ; articles several, flat, smooth muricate or bristly.— Herbs. Leaves of 2 or 4 digitate leaflets, without stipellse. Stipules striate. Flowers in terminal and axillary loose spikes. Bracts in pairs, enclosing the flowers, striate and oblique like the stipules, but broader and larger ; bracteoles none.
The genus is chiefly American, one species found also in South Africa, and another widely dispersed over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World, including Australia. — Bentli.
1. Z. diphylla (2-leafleted), Pers. Syn. ii. 318; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 228. A low herb, sometimes annual, sometimes forming a thick rootstock of several years’ duration, the branches decumbent, ascending or nearly erect, Gin. to 1 or 2ft. long. Leaflets 2 at the end of the petiole varying from ovate and only 2 or 3 lines long in the lower leaves, to lanceolate or linear from ^ to lin. long in the upper ones, rarely all ovate acute and rather larger, or all linear. Flowers in the Australian varieties 3 to 4 lines long, almost enclosed in the narrow or ovate bracts, which like the stipules are produced into a short auricle below their insertion, and are often, as well as the leaves, marked with a few pellucid dots. Pod longer or shorter than the bracts, of 3 to 6 articles, quite smooth and reticulate or pubescent or muricate with hooked or pubescent bristles or prickles.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Burnett, Dawson, and Brisbane Rivers, F. v. Mueller; from Broadsound to Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Rockhampton, Thozet and others ; Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt.
The species is common in most hot countries in both the New and the Old World. Of the numerous varieties enumerated in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 79, the following at least occur in Australia : —
a. vulgaris, Benth. The common Asiatic form, with the leaflets of the lower leaves small and ovate, those of the upper ones lanceolate or linear, the bracts rather narrow and flowers small.
b. zeylonensis, Benth. Stems elongated and loose. Leaflets rather larger, all ovate or ovate- lanceolate. Bracts rather broad. Flowers rather larger.
c. gracilis, Benth. Stems more erect, glabrous or hairy as well as the leaves. Leaflets mostly lanceolate or linear or even all linear. Bracts rather narrow. Flowers small.
In all the varieties the pod may be found smooth or muricate, glabrous or pubescent, and in one of the forms of the var. gracilis, from Sturt’s Creek, F. v. Mueller (Z. chtetophora, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 56) ; the pods are rather larger and covered with rigid setce much longer than in any other Zornia I have seen. — Bentli.
Var. filifolia, Bail. An erect or procumbent annual plant, the stems and branches very slender and densely studded with prominent brown oval glands. Leaflets about lin. long, J line broad, with the glands of the stem. Bracts and flowers smaller than in other forms, but very glandular. — Walsh River, T. Barclay -Millar.
In the same packet of specimens were two other forms of this widespread variable plant, the one being referable to the var. gracilis, Benth., the other only differing from the normal in that the whole plant, like var. Jilifolia, was thickly studded with dark-coloured glands.
410
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
44. DESMODIUM, Desv.
(From desmos, a chain ; pods jointed.)
(Dendrolobium, W. and Am.; Dicerma, DC.; Nicolsonia, DC.)
Calyx-tube short, the 2 upper lobes more or less united. Standard from oblong to orbicular, narrowed at the base ; wings oblong, usually adhering in the middle to the keel ; keel obtuse. Upper stamen free or more or less united with the others in a sheath or tube ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate with 2 or more ovules ; style incurved, subulate. Pod longer than the calyx, flat, one or both sutures indented between the seeds, separating into indehiscent 1 -seeded articles, or rarely the articles opening on the lower edge in 2 valves, and then not always readily separating. — Herbs, shrubs or rarely small trees. Leaves pinnately 8-foliolate or 1-foliolate, with stipellte. Stipules usually dry, striate, membranous. Flowers purple, blue, pink or white, usually small, in terminal racemes or panicles, or rarely in axillary umbels or clusters.
A very large genus widely dispersed over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, extending beyond the tropics into N. America, and a very few species into extratropical S. America, S. Africa, and extropical Australia. Of the following Australian spec'es, 9 belong also to E. India and in most cases the Archipelago, 1 is common to Australia and New Caledonia, 1 in the Moluccas, the remaining 7 are endemic but partaking of the general character of the Asiatic species, with the exception of D. acanthocladum, which is singular in the genus for its spinescent branchlets. — Benth.
This genus is readily divisible into from 12 to 15 tolerably well-marked sections, many of which have been proposed by myself or others as distinct genera ; but as they have proved to be distinguished some by habit only without marked floral or carpological characters, others by variations in the fruit, not always constant or easily appreciated, I found it more convenient, on a general review for the Floras of Brazil and Hongkong, to retain them all under one generic name. — Bentli.
* Wings usually free from the keel. Pod glabrous or silky-liairy.
Flowers white, in dense axillary shortly pedunculate umbels. Pod- articles rather thick (Sect. Dendrolobium) 1. D. umbellatum.
Flowers small, in dense umbels or heads along the branches of a leafy panicle, each umbel almost enclosed in a 2-foliolate leaf. Pod-articles 2, nearly orbicular (Sect. Phyllodium) 2. D. pulchellum.
Flowers in leafless racemes. Pedicels short crowded. Pod-articles 2, nearly orbicular. Leaflets digitate or nearly so (Sect. Dicerma) . 3. D. biarticulatum.
** Wings adhering to slight lateral protuberances or membranous appendages of the keel.
Branchlets spinescent. Flowering branches reduced to axillary spines with 1 or 2 pairs of flowers below the summit. Pod-articles of
Heteroloma, but usually 1 or 2 only 4. D. acanthocladum.
Shrub with 1-foliolate leaves, winged petioles, racemose flowers, minute
bracts and acute keel (Sect. Pteroloma) 5. D. triquetrum.
Flowers in racemes or panicles. Ovules several, rarely 2 only. Pod of
several articles (unless by abortion) indehiscent, the upper suture straight or slightly indented, the lower suture much indented between the seeds (Sect. Heteroloma).
Bracts narrow, persisting at least till the flower expands. Pedicels usually in pairs (Leptostachya).
Leaves all 1-foliolate. Pod-articles small, nearly glabrous .... 6. H. gangeticum.
Leaves very large, 1-foliolate. Pod-articles long, almost lanceolate 7. D. dependens. Leaves all (except sometimes the lowestl 3-foliolate.
Pod-articles flat, prehensile-pubescent.
Stems rather rigid, erect or ascending. Fruiting-pedieels re- flexed, not longer than the calyx 8. D. bracliypodum.
Stems slender, diffuse. Fruiting-pedieels slender, spreading, much longer than the calyx. Plant slightly pubescent.
Ovules and pod-articles several 9. D. varians.
Stems diffuse or procumbent, rusty-villous. Leaves softly- villous, rhomboid-ovate. Pedicels slender, spreading rather
longer than the calyx 10. D. rhytidophyllum.
Pod-articles somewhat turgid, slightly pubescent. Stem trailing.
Leaflets lanceolate, 2 to 3in. long 11. D. campylocaulon.
Desmodium.\
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
411
Bracts broad membranous, falling off long before the flower expands ( Strobilifera )
Tall and erect. Leaflets oblong or elliptical, 1J to 2|in. long.
Fruiting-pedicels mostly in pairs, rigid, reflexed, not longer than
the calyx 12. D. nemorosum.
Diffuse and slender. Pedicels mostly solitary, filiform, spreading, longer than the calyx.
Pod-articles thin, strongly reticulate. Leaflets broadly obcordate . 13. I), trichostachyum. Pod-articles scarcely separating, very finely veined, the upper suture thickened (see below, sect. Nicolsonia).
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts of the Strobilifera.
Ovules several. Pod very flat, the upper suture straight, the lower
slightly indented, and opening more or less in 2 valves (Sect.
Nicolsonia).
Fruiting-pedicels short, erect, or nearly so in pairs or clusters.
Racemes short, dense, in a short terminal panicle. Hairs short,
usually appressed 14. D. polycarpum.
Racemes elongated. Hairs of the stem and rhachis long and
spreading 15. D. trichocaulon.
Leaflets usually one broader than long. Calyx-teeth and pedicels
short 16. D. reniforme.
Fruiting-pedicels slender, spreading, solitary and distant.
Stem loosely diffuse. Leaves not crowded, leaflets oblong. Hairs
long and spreading 17. D. Muelleri.
Stems procumbent, pubescent. Leaves crowded ; leaflets small.
Racemes filiform, few-flowered 18. D. parviflorum.
1. D. umbellatum (flowers in umbels), DC. Prod. ii. 325 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 230. A bushy shrub, occasionally growing into a small tree, the young shoots silky. Leaflets 3, ovate or oval oblong, obtuse or rarely almost acute, mostly 1^ to 2in. long, glabrous or nearly so above, pale or silky-pubescent underneath, with prominent primary veins. Stipules very deciduous. Flowers white, in dense axillary umbels on a common peduncle, rarely attaining |in. Bracts very deciduous. Pedicels as long as the calyx. Bracteoles persistent, as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx silky, about 2 lines long, the lobes acute, not longer than the tube. Standard broad, twice as long as the calyx ; wings much shorter ; keel as long as the standard, without lateral protuberances. Pod of 3 or 4 thickish almost fleshy articles, each 3 or 4 lines long and not so much in breadth, not reticulate, indehiscent. — D. auxtrale, DC. Prod. ii. 326 ; Dendrolo- bium umbellatum, W. and Arn. Prod. 224 (under Desmodiurn ) ; Benth. in PL Jungh. 16 ; Ormocarpum oblongum, Desv. in Ann. Soc. Linn. 1825, 307.
Hab.: Barnard Isles, BPGillivray ; Port Denison and Edgecombe Bay, Dallacliy ; also in R. Brown's collection ; Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy.
The species is widely spread over East India and the Archipelago. — Benth.
2. D. pulchellum (pretty), Benth. FI. Hongk. 83, and FI. Austr. ii. 231. A tall branching perennial or undershrub, the branches pubescent or villous. Leaflets 3, ovate, obtuse, the margins sometimes slightly sinuate, the terminal one usually 8 to 4in. long, the lateral ones smaller, all slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous above, softly pubescent underneath. Flowers small, in dense umbels or heads, sessile along the branches of a large terminal leafy panicle, each umbel almost enclosed in a 2-foliolate leaf-like bract at its base, each leaflet broadly ovate or orbicular, | to fin. long and very oblique at the base. Pod usually of 2 flat nearly orbicular small articles, glabrous or nearly so except a few hairs along the edge, both edges of the pod, especially the lower one, indented between the seeds. — Diccrma pulchellum, DC. Prod. ii. 339 ; Wight, Ic. t. 418; Phyllodium pulchellum , Desv.; Benth. in PI. Jungh. 217.
Hab.: N. coast, R. Brown. Widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago, extending northwards to S. China.
XLIIL LEGUMINOSiE.
412
[Desmodium.
3. U. biarticulatum (articles of pod 2), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 121 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 281. A rigid undershrub with prostrate decumbent or almost erect branches of 1 to 2 or rarely 3ft., the young shoots softly pubescent or silky. Leaflets 3, oblong or on the lower leaves narrow-obovate, ^ to 1 or rarely l|in. long, rather rigid, digitate or nearly so at the end of a short stiff petiole. Stipules brown, scarious, more or less united opposite the leaf. Flowers small, red, crowded or distant in a long narrow terminal raceme. Pedicels short, usually 2 together. Bracts narrow, acuminate, rigid and striate. Calyx about 2 lines long, the lobes rather longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones united nearly to the top. Petals twice as long ; wings scarcely adhering to the keel, which has not the lateral appendages of most Desmodia. Ovary with only two ovules. Pod sessile, flat, silky-pubescent ; articles 2 or rarely 1 , nearly orbicular, not 2 lines diameter, reticulate and indehiscent. — Dicerma biarticulatum, DC. Prod. ii. 339 ; Wight, Ic. t. 419.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Ii. Brown, Hcnne ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Bowen River, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy.
Common in E. India. Several of the Australian specimens are more erect and taller, with longer stipules, bracts and bracteoles than the Indian ones, but they do not otherwise differ, and others are precisely like the Indian form figured by Wight. — Benth.
4. D. acanthocladum (spine-branched), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 122 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 231. A glabrous undershrub or small shrub, with numerous slender but rigid angular branches, the smaller ones ending in a fine thorn. Leaflets 3, oblong or lanceolate, the terminal one 4 to lin. long, the lateral ones smaller, the common petiole short. Stipules small. Flowering branches reduced to axillary leafless spines, usually shorter than the leaves, and bearing 1 or 2 pairs or clusters of flowers near the extremity. Pedicels short. Bracts very small. Flowers about 4 lines long. Calyx-lobes about as long as the tube. Wings strongly adhering to the lateral protuberances of the keel. Ovules usually 3 or 4. Pod rarely of more than 2 articles and often only 1, pubescent with clinging hairs, the upper suture straight, the lower deeply and broadly indented, each article 5 to 6 lines long and about 2 broad, tapering to each end, flat and indehiscent.
Hab.: Southern parts.
This species, different from all others of the genus in its thorny branchlets, is otherwise more nearly allied to the section Heteroloma, subsection Podocarpia, than to Dicerma. — Benth.
5. Z>. triquetrum (branches 3-angled), DC.; Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 163. Branches triquetrous, soon, glabrescent. Leaflets ovate or lanceolate, reaching 6 to 8in. long, acute, rigidly subcoriaceous, glabrous above, hairy on the ribs below. Petiole £ to l£in. long, with a wing on each side, like the leaflet in texture, 1J to 3 lines broad. Raceme 6 to 12in. long, axillary or terminal. Pedicels ascending 1 J to 3 lines long, about 1 ^ line, campanulate ; upper teeth deltoid, lower linear. Pod 1 to 2in. long, articles 6 to 8, glabrous or pubescent, nearly square, lower suture faintly indented. — Baker l.c.
Hab.: Southern Queensland, S. H. Eaves (F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 66).
Also in India, Ceylon, Seychelles, China, and the Philippines.
6. D. gangeticum (Gangetic), DC. Prod. ii. 327 ; Benth. FI Austr. ii. 232. A decumbent or erect herb or undershrub, the large-leaved forms attaining 2 or 3ft., the small ones slender and under 1ft., sprinkled with a few hairs. Leaves all 1-foliolate, in the large forms ovate or ovate-lanceolate 3 or 4in. long, in the smaller ones broadly ovate-cordate or almost orbicular, ^ to lin. long. Racemes long and slender, terminal or in the upper axils. Flowers small, the pedicels in pairs, under 2 lines long. Bracts linear-subulate, persistent to the time of flowering, but falling off soon after. Calyx about 1 line long, the lobes longer
413
t)esmodium .] XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
than the tube. Petals twice as long. Pod sessile, minutely pubescent, the upper margin slightly, the lower deeply indented ; articles 4 to 6, 1 to If line long and broad, flat, thin and indehiscent. — W. and Arn. Prod. ii. 125.
Hab.: Endeavour Eiver, Banks and Solander ; Northumberland Islands, R. Brown ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Broadsound, Bowman.
The species is widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago.
7. D. dependens (hanging), Blurne ; Miq. FI. Inch Batav. i. 249. “ Wai-
gen,” Barron River, Cowley. A tall climber. Leaves 1-foliolate ; leaflet large, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, about Gin. long, the under side somewhat pale, lateral nerves and veins somewhat prominent. Racemes pendulous, 1ft. or more long. Bracts linear-subulate. Pedicels 1 to 8 lines long. Bracteoles minute, subulate below the calyx. Calyx about If line, strigulose, teeth very short. Petals white, glabrous. Standard orbicular-ovate, the wings and keel much smaller. Stamens deciduous, free. Pod on long stipes, hispidulous, articles almost lanceolate.
Hab.: Common in the tropical scrubs.
Also in the Moluccas and New Guinea.
8. D. brachypodum (shortly stipitate pod), A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. 434 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 232. A rather rigid, erect or decumbent perennial of 1 to 2ft., slightly pubescent, the specimens often assuming a bluish- black tint when dry. Leaflets 3 or in the lowest leaves solitary, from broadly ovate almost orbicular to oval-oblong, very obtuse, mostly 1 to 2in. long, rather stiff and strongly reticulate, the stipellfe long. Stipules rather broad, striate, acuminate. Flowers small, usually in pairs, the lower ones distant, in a long terminal rigid raceme. Pedicels very short and recurved. Bracts subulate- acuminate, persistent to the time of flowering but falling off soon after. Calyx If line long, the lobes not longer than the tube. Petals about twice as long. Pod sessile or shortly stipitate, pubescent with clinging hairs, the upper suture slightly, the lower deeply indented ; articles 4 to 6, about 2 lines long and nearly as broad, thin, reticulate and indehiscent.
Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; Port Curtis , M'Gillivray ; Percy Island, A. Cunningham ; Rockhampton, Dallachy , Bowman ; Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, Leichhardt.
9. ID. varians (various^, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mm. i. 185 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 232. Stock woody with prostrate diffuse or ascending slender stems of f to lfft., the whole plant pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaflets 3, in the lower leaves or sometimes all broadly obovate or almost orbicular or obeordate, f to fin. long, the upper ones or sometimes nearly all ovate oblong or almost linear, f to lin. long. Stipules small, acute. Flowers very small, in distant pairs, in slender terminal racemes. Pedicels filiform, short when in flower, spreading and nearly fin. long when in fruit. Bracts small, persistent. Calyx- lobes acuminate, as long as the tube. Petals rarely 3 lines long. Pod sessile, the upper suture very slightly, the lower deeply indented ; articles 3 to 6, obliquely ovate, about 2 lines long and not so broad, flat, indehiscent, clothed with short clinging hairs. — Hedysarum varians, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 71, t. 71.
Hab.: Broadsound and Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, C. Stuart.
10. D. rhytidophyllum (wrinkled leaflets), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 233. A perennial with long procumbent almost trailing branches, softly rusty-tomentose or velvety-villous. Leaflets 3, ovate-rhomboid or the upper ones rather narrow, obtuse, mostly 1 to 2in. long, rather thick and softly villous on both sides. Stipules lanceolate, striate, often reflexed. Racemes long. Flowers rather small, in distant pairs. Pedicels slender, rather longer than the calyx. Bracts subulate-acuminate, persistent. Calyx about If line long, the
414
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Desmodiwn.
lobes longer than the tube. Petals about twice as long. Pod almost sessile, the upper suture slightly, the lower more deeply indented ; articles 3 to 6, about 1^ line long and nearly as broad, flat, indehiscent, clothed with short clinging hairs.
Hab.: Granite rocks between Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller; near Rockhampton, Dallacliy. Common in south Queensland on forest land.
The species is allied to D. varians, but much larger and coarser, with a different foliage and indumentum. — Benth.
11. D. campylocaulon (bent-stemmed), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 233. Stem diffuse or trailing, elongated, rather stout, slightly pubescent. Leaflets 3, lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 2 to 3in. long, glabrous or nearly so, strongly veined underneath, the stipelhe very conspicuous. Stipules striate, thin. Racemes mostly leaf-opposed, pedunculate. Flowers numerous. Pedicels solitary or in pairs, slender but short. Bracts narrow, usually persistent. Calyx nearly H line long, the lobes longer than the tube. Petals twice as long. Pod sessile, pubescent when young with short clinging hairs, the upper suture continuous, the lower indented ; articles 3 to 6, about line long and broad, membranous, turgid or almost inflated when ripe, slightly reticulate, indehiscent.
Hab.: Tropical parts of Queensland.
12. D. nemorosum (found in scrubs), F. v. M. Herb.; Bcntli. FI. Anstr, ii. 234. Stems apparently tall, erect, woody at the base, clothed as well as the under side of the leaves with soft silky appressed hairs. Leaflets 3 or solitary in the lowest leaves, oblong-elliptical, very obtuse, 1^ to 2^in. long or the lateral ones smaller, glabrous above. Stipules rather long, striate. Racemes terminal. Bracts broad, membranous, acuminate, falling off long before the flowering. Flowers solitary or in pairs ; pedicels very short, rigid, recurved after flowering and not exceeding the calyx when in fruit. Calyx nearly 2 lines long, the lobes rather broad, acute. Petals nearly twice as long, the lateral appendages of the keel very prominent. Pod sessile, the upper suture continuous, the lower rather deeply and broadly indented ; articles few, flat, 3 to 4 lines long and about half as broad, indehiscent, pubescent with short clinging hairs.
Hab.: Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; Pine River, Fitzalan ; also in Leichhardt' s collection. Common in the southern riverside scrubs.
The foliage and habit are nearly those of the E. Indian D. concinnum, but the pod and flowers are very different. — Benth.
13. D. trichostachyum (hairy-spiked), Bcntli. FI. Austr. ii. 234. Stems prostrate, filiform, nearly glabrous. Leaflets 1 or 3, very broadly obcordate, 2 to 4 lines or rarely ^-in. long, and sometimes broader than long. Stipules subulate- acuminate. Flowers very small, distant, in filiform terminal simple or branched racemes ; pedicels all solitary and filiform. Bracts membranous, lanceolate, falling off long before the flowers open. Calyx about + line long, divided nearly to the base into narrow acute lobes. Pod sessile, the upper suture straight, the lower rather deeply indented; articles 3 or 4, small, as broad as long, thin, glabrous, strongly reticulate.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; E. coast, A. Cunningham.
14. D. polycarpum (fruit, the pods numerous), DC. Prod. ii. 334 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 235. An erect decumbent or ascending perennial or undershrub, 1 to 2 or 3ft. high or rarely more, more or less pubescent, with short appressed or scarcely spreading hairs. Leaflets 3, the terminal one obovate or elliptical, 1^ to 2in. long, the lateral ones usually smaller. Stipules striate, acuminate. Racemes terminal, dense, 1 to near 3in. long, often several together forming a short panicle. Bracts broad, lanceolate, imbricate at first, but falling off before
Desmodium. J
XLIII. LEGUMINOSE.
415
the flowers expand. Flowers purple, crowded, 3 to 4 lines long. Pods crowded, erect, hairy or glabrous, about f to fin. long, the upper suture continuous, the lower indented ; articles about 4 to 6, flat, usually opening at the lower edge when ripe. — W. and Arn. Prod. 227 ; Wight, Ic. t. 406.
Hab.: Sandy Cape, Broadsound, and Northumberland Island, R. Brown ; Providence Hill, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet.
Extends over the whole of E. India, the Archipelago, and the Pacific Islands. To the numerous synonyms adduced by Wight and Arnott must probably be added Hcdysarum tuber- culosum , Labill. Sert., Austr. Caled. t. 72. — Benth.
15. D. trichocaulon (stem hairy), DC. Prod. ii. 335 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 235. Very nearly allied to D. polycarpum, with a similar foliage and the erect pods the same, but the stems more generally decumbent, more slender, and clothed as in D. Muelleri with long soft spreading hairs, and the racemes much looser and slender.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, Leichhardt, C. Stuart.
Not uncommon in E. India, where the above-mentioned differences appear to be constant, although it may possibly prove to be a variety only of D. polycarpum. — Benth.
16. D. reniforme (leaflets kidney-shaped), DC. Prod. ii. 327 ; Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 173. Stem very slender, about 1ft. long. Leaflet rigidly sub-coriaceous, about half as broad as long, 6 to 9 lines long, truncate or emarginate, glabrous. Stipules linear, minute, deciduous. Petioles about 6 lines long, articulate at the apex. Racemes mostly terminal, loosely 10 to 20-flowered, and a few flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Bracts linear minute. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, finally cernuous. Calyx under 1 line, turbinate, glabrous. Pod glabrous, 6 to 9 lines long, If line broad, the upper sutures straight, lower slightly indented. — Hedusarum reniforme, Linn. Brown, FI. Ind. t. 52, fig. 1.
Hab.: Musgrave, Cape York Peninsula, T. Barclay -Millar ; Tringilburra Creek, Bellenden Ker Expedition, 1889.
Also in India and Java.
17. D. Muelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 235. Stems branching at the base, apparently ascending or erect, clothed as well as the racemes with long soft spreading hairs, the young shoots almost silky. Leaflets 3, oblong, obtuse, f to lfin. long, glabrous, or loosely pubescent. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, softly hairy. Racemes terminal, slender ; pedicels distant, solitary, filiform, spreading. Bracts broad, lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate at first, but falling off long before the flower expands. Calyx nearly 1 line long, the subulate acuminate lobes longer than the tube. Pod sessile, rather broad, the upper suture straight and slightly thickened, the lower very slightly indented between the seeds ; articles 4 to 6, as broad as long, truncate at both ends, thin and flat, with fine transverse veins, separating but apparently opening sometimes at the lower suture when ripe.
Hab.: Bowen River, Bowman; Brisbane River.
18. S. parvifolium (small-leaved), DC. Prod. ii. 334; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 235. A very much-branched diffuse or prostrate slender annual or perennial, sprinkled with a few silky hairs. Leaves usually small and crowded ; leaflets 3 or rarely solitary, obovate or oblong, f to nearly fin. long or rarely more, on a short filiform common petiole. Stipules acuminate, brown and scarious. Flowers small, in short filiform racemes, usually terminating short lateral branches ; pedicels solitary, filiform, distant. Bracts membranous, acuminate, falling off long before the flower expands, and seldom seen. Calyx about If line long, the lobes acuminate, much longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones only shortly united. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Pod sessile, glabrous or minutely pubescent,
416
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Desmodium.
the upper suture straight or slightly indented, and often more or less dilated, the lower more deeply indented ; articles 2 to 4, thin, flat, with very fine transverse reticulations, scarcely separating from each other and sometimes perhaps opening on the lower edge.
Hab.: Moreton Bay to Rockingham Bay.
The species is common in India, extending over the Archipelago and into S. China. This and D. Muelleri seem to connect the section Sagotia, founded on the common tropical D. trijlorum , DC., with D. trichostachyum and D. neurocarpum (N. Australia), which I have referred doubtfully to Heteroloma, although they have the solitary pedicels of Sagotia. They all come very near in habit to some of the looser-flowered species of the section Nicolsonia, but the pod is much less disposed to open on the lower edge. — Benth.
45. PYCNOSPORA, R. Br.
(Seeds dense.)
Calyx, 2 upper lobes united into one. Standard nearly orbicular, narrowed at the base ; wings adhering to the keel ; keel obtuse, with small lateral appendages. Upper stamen free, or at first united with the others, anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules. Style subulate, with a terminal stigma. Pod oblong, turgid, 2-valved, transversely veined. Seeds several, not strophiolate. — An undershrub, with the habit of Desmodium. Leaves pinnately 8-foliolate or 1-foliolate, with stipellae. Flowers small, in terminal racemes or panicles.
The genus consists of a single species, extending over the Indian Archipelago to S. China. It is very nearly allied to Desmodium, except in the pod (nearly that of Crotalaria), which would technically remove it from Hedysarece, but it has no immediate affinities in any other tribe. — Benth.
1 P. hedysaroides (Hedysarum-like), E. Br. in W. and Am. Prod. 197 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 236. Stock perennial, with several decumbent or ascending branched stems, 1 to 2ft. long, pubescent or hairy. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or obovate-oblong, the terminal one in some specimens scarcely -gin., in others above lin. long, the lateral one usually smaller or sometimes wanting. Stipules striate, subulate-acuminate, frequently deciduous. Flowers about 2 lines long, purplish, in terminal slender racemes of 2 to 3in., or occasionally longer and branching into panicles ; pedicels short in pairs. Bracts rather broad, acuminate, membranous, striate, falling off long before the flower expands. Pod 3 to 4 lines long, very turgid, slightly pubescent, the valves thin, with very fine transverse reticulations. Seeds 6 to 8 small, reniform, — P. nervosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 197.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown; Broadsound, R. Brown, Boivman ; Dunk Island, M'Gillivray ; Rockingham Bay, Rockhampton, Gin Gin, &c.
46. URARIA, Desv.
(Origin doubtful.)
Calyx-lobes subulate-acuminate, spreading, the 2 upper ones (lowest by the resupination of the flower) shorter. Standard orbicular or obovate, narrowed into the claw ; wings adhering to the obtuse keel. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, with 2 or more ovules ; style filiform with a capitate terminal stigma. Pod nearly sessile, contracted between the seeds ; articles ovate, folded back upon each other within the calyx. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves pinnate of 3, rarely 5 or 7 leaflets, or sometimes of a single terminal leaflet, usually prominently reticulate, with stipellae. Stipules free, acuminate, striate. Flowers purplish or yellowish, in terminal racemes either slender and elongated or dense and spike-like, the pedicels in pairs, indexed at the top so as to reverse the flowers. Bracts usually broad, acuminate ; bracteoles none.
Uraria.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
417
An Asiatic and African tropical genus, with one or two species naturalised in some parts of tropical America. Of the Australian species, two are common Asiatic ones, the third appears to be endemic. — Benth.
Upper leaves of 3 or 5 long narrow leaflets. Eaceme long and slender. Pod
of 3 to 6 articles 1. U. picta.
Leaves mostly of 3 oblong leaflets. Raceme cylindrical, dense and spike- like. Pod of 2 articles. Bracts persistent 2. TJ. cylindracea.
Leaves mostly of 1 very broad leaflet. Raceme oblong, dense and spike-like.
Pod of 2 articles. Bracts deciduous 3. 17. layopoides.
1. U. picta (painted), Desv.; DC. Prod. ii. 324; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 237. An undershrub with ascending or erect stems of 1 to 3ft., loosely pubescent or villous. Lower leaves occasionally of 1 ovate leaflet, the others of 3, 5, or rarely 7 leaflets, from ovate lanceolate to narrow oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 4 or even 5in. long, obtuse or almost acute, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent, the Asiatic speci- mens often variegated with white along the midrib. Racemes long and slender, often attaining 6 to 8in. in fruit. Bracts ovate, falling off long before the flower expands. Pedicels short, hispid-villous. Calyx-lobes setaceous, plumose, rather above 1 line long, the upper ones rather shorter. Petals more than twice as long. Pod of 3 to 6 small glabrous articles. — Wight, Ic. t. 411.
Hab.: Broadsound, It. Brown; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallacliy ; Bowen River, Bowman; Logan River, Rev. B. Scorteckini.
Widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa and introduced into the West Indies. The Australian specimens have the leaflets usually all green, and often 3 or 1 only, but in some the leaves are nearly all 5-foliolate, as in the Asiatic ones. —Benth.
2. U. cylindracea (cylindrical), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 237. An undershrub with decumbent or ascending stems, loosely pubescent or rusty-villous. Leaflets 3 or very rarely 1, ovate-oblong, obtuse, the terminal one usually \\ to 3in. long, the lateral ones smaller, slightly scabrous above, softly pubescent underneath. Racemes dense, but more elongated than in U. layopoides, often attaining Sin. when in fruit. Bracts broadly ovate, softly villous, persistent. Pedicels rather longer than the calyx. Calyx-lobes subulate-plumose as in TJ. layopoides, but the upper ones much shorter. Pod of 2 articles, the pericarp thin but strongly reticulate.
Hab.: Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Sweers Island, Henne.
With the inflorescence and habit of U. lag opus, DC., which has not yet been found in Australia, this species has the 2-ovulate ovary and the pod of U. layopoides. — Benth.
3. U. lagopoides (like hare’s foot), DC. Prod. ii. 324; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 237. Stock short and woody or shortly creeping, with procumbent or ascending stems of | to l^ft., pubescent or loosely villous. L eaflets solitary or 3, the single or terminal one from orbicular-reniform to broadly cordate-ovate, always very obtuse, 1 to 2in, long, slightly scabrous or loosely pubescent, the lateral ones when present smaller. Stipules subulate-acuminate. Racemes contracted into a very dense oblong obtuse hirsute spike, of 1 to 2in., nearly sessile above the last leaves. Bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, usually very deciduous, except some- times at the base of the spike. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx lower lobes (turned upwards by the inflexion of the pedicel) subulate-plumose, 2 to 3 lines long, the upper ones much shorter with a broad base. Petals not much longer than the calyx, on slender claws. Ovules 2. Pod of 2 ovate, somewhat turgid, reticulate articles, each about 1^ line long, glabrous or rarely pubescent. — Wight, Ic. t. 289 ; U. cercifolia, Desv.; DC. Prod. ii. 325.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Thozet.
Widely dispersed over E. India and the Archipelago.
418
XLI1I. LEGUMINOS/E.
47. ALYSICARPUS, Neck.
(Pods chain-like.)
Calyx deeply cleft, the lobes stiff and dry, the two uppermost often united into one. Standard obovate or orbicular, narrowed into the claw ; wings adhering to the obtuse keel. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers reniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a capitate stigma. Pod erect, straight, nearly terete, or somewhat flattened but thick, narrowed between the seeds or equal ; articles ovate, globular, or truncate at both ends, indehiscent. — Herbs, either glabrous or loosely hairy. Leaves of a single leaflet (or very rarely, in species not Australian, 3-foliolate), with stipellas. Stipules dry, striate, acuminate, free, or united opposite the leaf. Flowers small, in slender terminal or rarely axillary racemes, the pedicels usually in pairs. Bracts scarious.
The genus is generally spread over tropical Asia and Africa, one species having also established itself in some parts of America. The two Queensland species are both common Indian ones.
Calyx small, with very narrow lobes. Pod several times longer, not con- tracted, but with slightly raised transverse lines between the seeds .... 1. A. vaginalis.
Calyx with lanceolate, rigid, not striate lobes overlapping each other. Pod shortly exserted, much contracted between the seeds, articles deeply marked with transverse wrinkles 2. A. rugosus.
The common Indian A. monilifer, DC., with smooth globular bead-like articles to the pod, may very likely be found also in tropical Australia. — Benth.
1. A. vaginalis (sheathed), DC. Prod. ii. 353 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 239. A perennial, tufted or much branched at the base, the stems decumbent or ascending, from a few inches to above a foot long, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves on short slender petioles, the lower ones cordate-orbicular or oval, not fin. long, the upper ones from oval-oblong to lanceolate-linear, and often lin. long or more, all obtuse. Racemes slender, terminal or at length leaf-opposed ; pedicels short, in rather distant pairs. Flowers very small. Calyx about 2 lines long, the lobes very narrow, ending in a subulate almost hair-like point, the two upper ones less united than in most species. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Pod often fin. long or rather more, slightly compressed, obscurely wrinkled, the separation of the articles marked by transverse raised lines, without any or rarely with a slight contraction. — W. and Arn. Prod. 233 ; A. nummular icefolim, DC. Prod. ii. 353 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 232.
Hab.: Burdekin River and Broadsound, Bowman.
Common in E. India and the Archipelago, and introduced into other parts of the world. — Benth.
2. A. rugOSUS (rough), DC. Prod. ii. 353; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 239. An annual or biennial, with procumbent ascending or erect stems, attaining 1 to 2ft., but sometimes low and short, pubescent or loosely hairy. Leaves articulate on a short petiole, the lowest ovate, obtuse, f to lin. long, the upper ones lanceolate or linear, 1 to 3in. Racemes in the Australian form rather long, softly hairy. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, striate, but falling off as in the other species long before the flower expands. Pedicels in distant pairs, much shorter than the calyx. Calyx about 3f lines long, divided almost to the base into 4 lanceolate acute dry stiff lobes, overlapping each other on the edges and not striate, the upper one (formed of 2 united) slightly notched. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx or rather shorter. Pod scarcely exceeding the calyx, contracted between the seeds, into 3, 4 or rarely 5 articles, as broad as or broader than long, strongly marked with transverse wrinkles. — Hedysarum rugosum, Willd. Sp. PL iii. 1172 ; A. cylindricux, Desv. in Ann. Linn. Soc. Par. 1825, 301, as quoted by him in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 417.
Hab.: Bowen River, Bowman.
The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa, where it varies much, sometimes low and diffuse, with almost all the leaves obovate or broadly oblong, sometimes tall and almost erect,
A lysicarpus.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
419
with nearly all the leaves lanceolate or linear. It includes A. styracifolia, W. and Arn. Prod. 234, with short dense very hairy racemes and A. Wallicliii , W. and Arn. l.c., with elongated nearly glabrous racemes. The Australian specimens have the habit of the latter with the hairs nearly of the former. De Candolle’s specimen of A. styracifolia is nearer to A. Wallichii, W. and Arn. The original Hedysarum styracifolmm, Linn., is very properly referred by W. and Arn. to a very different plant, Desmodium retroflexum, DC., which is surely a true Desrnodium (sect. Nicolsonia), not an Uraria. Alysicarpus Heyneanus, W. and Arn. l.c., must probably be considered as another form of A. rugosus. — Bentli.
48. LESPEDEZA, Mich.
(After M. Lespedeza.)
Calyx-lobes or teeth nearly equal or the two upper ones shortly united. Standard orbicular, obovate or oblong, narrowed into a claw, or rarely obtuse at the base ; wings free ; keel obtuse or rostrate. Upper stamen free or rarely united with the others ; anthers reniform. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with a single ovule ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod ovate or orbicular, flat, reticulate, indehiscent. — Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs. ‘Leaves pinnately 3-folio- late or rarely 1-foliolate ; leaflets entire, without stipellae. Stipules free, usually small or very deciduous. Flowers purple pink or white, in axillary clusters or, in species not Australian, in axillary racemes or terminal panicles.
The genus is spread over North America, temperate, especially eastern Asia, and the moun- tains of E. India and the Archipelago.
1. I>. cuneata (wedge shaped), G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 307 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 240. Kootstock thick and woody; stems several, decumbent ascending or erect, stiff and but little branched, usually 1 to 2, but sometimes 3 or 4ft. long, hoary-pubescent or at length glabrous. Leaves usually crowded, the leaflets linear-cuneate, mostly under |in., but occasionally f or even lin. long, hoary or silky underneath, the common petiole 1 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Stipules small, subulate. Flowers pink-purple, in dense axillary clusters ; those in the upper axils nearly all complete, about 3 lines long, those of the lower clusters mostly apetalous, with imperfect stamens. Calyx line long, the lobes rigid, very acute, longer than the tube, the two upper ones united to the middle. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, acute. Keel curved, obtuse. Pod sessile, nearly orbicular, slightly acute, 1 to 1^ line diameter. — L. juncea, DC. Prod. ii. 348, in part ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 230, but not the Siberian L. juncea, Pers.
Hab.: Plentiful in southern Queensland.
49. * VICIA, Linn.
(Having binding, clasping tendrils.)
Calyx-tube oblique, the teeth subequal. Standard obovate, narrowed into a broad claw ; keel shorter than the wings. Stamens usually diadelphous, the sheath with a very oblique mouth. Ovary subsessile or stipitate, 2 or many- ovulate. Style inflexed, filiform or slightly flattened, bearded at the apex or pubescent throughout. Pod compressed, 2-valved, 2 or many-seeded. — Herbs, with equally pinnate leaves ending in a twisting tendril.
A large genus, spread over the temperate regions of both hemispheres.
Pod glabrous, 6 to 9-seeded. Flowers middle-sized, solitary, sessile 1. V. sativa.
Pod hairy, 2-seeded 2. V. hirsuta
Subgenera I. Euvicia. — Annuals or perennials, with the style conspicuously bearded on the lower side at the tip.
1. V. sativa (cultivated), Linn.; var. segetalis, Ser. An annual or biennial, from a few inches to 2 or 3ft. high, with about 4 to 7 pairs of leaflets, and sessile usually solitary purple flowers.
Hab.: This and some other varieties have become weeds in cultivation paddocks.
420 XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E. [Vida.
Subgenera II. Ervum. — Annuals, with flowers in sparse pedunculate racemes, rarely solitary. Style finely downy all round near the tip.
2. V. hirsuta (hairy), Koch. Syn. 191 ; Baker in FI. Trop. Afr. ii. 173. Stems annual, slender, trailing, pubescent. Stipules linear-lanceolate, with 1 or more setaceous teeth. Leaflets in 8 to 10 pairs, linear. Flowers 3 to 6 in a stalked dense raceme, about 1^ line deep, teeth linear. Style slightly compressed. Pod 4 lines long, 2 lines broad, hairy, 2-seeded. — Ervum ldrsutum, Linn.
Hab.: A stray from cultivation in south Queensland.
50. ABRUS, Linn.
(Leaves soft and tender.)
Calyx campanulate, truncate, or shortly and broadly toothed. Standard ovate, the short claw adhering to the base of the staminal tube ; keel much curved, the petals united from the base, often longer than the wings. Stamens 9, united in a sheath open on the upper side, the upper one deficient. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style short, incurved ; stigma terminal. Pod oblong or linear, flat, 2-valved, with cellular partitions between the seeds, seeds not strophiolate. Stems usually twining or trailing, woody at the base. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with several pairs of small leaflets, without stipelke, the common petiole ending in a short point. Racemes terminal or axillary, the flowers in clusters on lateral thickened nodes. Bracts minute or none, bracteoles none.
A small genus dispersed over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, the only Australian species extending over the whole range. It is in some measure intermediate between the tribes Viciece, Phaseolece, and Dalbergiece. — Benth.
(Placed in Phaseolece in FI. Austr., and in Viciece by the authors of the Gen. Plant.)
1. A. precatorius (prayer; seeds used for rosaries), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 381; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 270. Seed called Jequerity. “ Do-anjin-jin,” Batavia River, “ Pun-dir Pun-dir,” Cooktown, Both. Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaflets 7 to 10 pairs, oblong-elliptical or nearly obovate, usually about ^in. long. Racemes with 1 or 2 leaves, or at least with a leafless pair of stipules below the flowers, the flowering part lin. or rather more in length, the nodes rather crowded. Flowers pink, or rarely white or purple, 5 or G lines long, the keel narrow, longer than the wings. Pod sessile, about 2in. long and G lines broad, almost squared at both ends and attached by the inner angle, glabrous or scaly outside. Seeds usually black with a large scarlet spot, sometimes brown with a darker spot, or white and unspotted. — Lam. Illust. t. 608, f. i.; W. and Arn. Prod. i. 236; A. paucijiorus, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 418 ; A. squamulosus, E. Mey, Comm. PI. Afr. Austr. 126.
Hab.: From Burnett to Cape York, and islands of Torres Straits, Gulf of Carpentaria, Ac..
A very common coast twiner, frequent also (but perhaps naturalised, Bentham says) in several parts of South America.
51. CLITORIA, Linn.
(From clitoris , supposed resemblance in flower.)
(Neurocarpum, Desv.)
Calyx tubular, the two upper lobes slightly connate, the lowest narrow. Standard large, erect, open, narrowed at the base without auricles ; wings shorter, spreading, adhering to the keel in the middle ; keel shorter, incurved, acute. Upper stamen free or more or less united with the others ; anthers uniform. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules, style elongated, incurved, more or less dilated upwards and bearded longitudinally on the inner side. Pod linear, flattened, the upper or both sutures thickened, the sides flat or convex, occa- sionally bearing a raised longitudinal rib. Seeds globose or flattened, without
Clitoria.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
421
any stropkiole. — Herbs or shrubs, short and erect or with long twining branches. Leaves pinnate with 3 or several leaflets, or occasionally only 1, usually stipellate. Stipules persistent, striate. Flowers large, solitary or clustered in the axils, or in pairs crowded in short racemes. Bracts stipule-like, persistent, the lower ones in pairs, the upper ones united into one. Bracteoles like the bracts or larger, persistent.
A considerable American genus, with a few African and Asiatic tropical species. The genus is readily distinguished by its large tubular calyx. — Benth.
Stems erect, flexuose. Leaflets 1 or 3 1. C. australis
Stems climbing. Leaflets 5 to 7 2. C. ternatea
1. C. australis (Australian), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 242. Stems herbaceous but hard, erect, flexuose, 1 to 2ft. high, scarcely branched, pubescent with appressed silky hairs. Leaflets 1 or 3, ovate, obtuse, rarely shortly acuminate, l\ to 2|in. long, glabrous above, silky-pubescent underneath, the lateral ones when present smaller and at a distance from the terminal one. Stipules broadly lanceolate. Peduncles axillary, very short, bearing a cluster of 2 or 3 pairs of white flowers nearly ljin. long. Bracts narrow, acuminate. Calyx about fin. long, the lobes acuminate and acute, about as long as the tube. Standard nearly l^in. long, wings and keel scarcely exceeding the calyx. Pod not seen.
Hab.: ? This is given because I have received from North Queensland fragments which likely belong to this plant.
2. *c. ternatea (from Ternateon, of the Molucca Islands), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 223. A wide-climbing plant with slender slightly pubescent stems. Leaves imparipinnate, with 5 to 7 subcoriaceous stipellate oblong leaflets 1 to 2in. long. Flowers solitary on short pedicels in the axils of the leaves. Bracteoles round, 3 to 6 lines long. Calyx 6 to 9 lines long, the oblong-lanceolate teeth half as long as the tube. Corolla 15 to 18 lines long, standard bright blue or white with an orange throat lin. or more broad. Pod linear, 3 to 4in. long, 8 to 10-seeded. — Bot. Mag. t. 1542 ; Ternatea vulgaris, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. vi. 415.
Hab.: A stray from garden culture in most tropical countries. Common in tropical Queens- land scrubs.
52. GLYCINE, Linn.
(The roots of some species sweet.)
(Leptolobium, altered to Leptocyamus, Bentli.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes united in a 2-toothed or 2-lobed upper lip. Standard nearly orbicular, without inflexed auricles at the base ; wings narrow, slightly adhering to the keel ; keel obtuse, shorter than the wings. Upper stamen at first united with the others in a closed tube, often becoming at length free ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style short, incurved, with a terminal stigma. Pod linear or falcate, 2-valved, with a pithy substance between the seeds, the base of the style forming a very short straight or rarely hooked point. Seeds not strophiolate. — Twining or prostrate herbs, with a perennial often thick or woody rootstock and usually pubescent or villous. Leaflets 3, or rarely 5 or 7, in opposite pairs, entire or rarely sinuately 3-lobed, stipitate. Flowers usually very small, in axillary racemes, singly scattered along the rhachis, the lower ones often solitary or clustered in the axils without a common peduncle, and sometimes without or almost without petals. Bracts small, setaceous ; bracteoles narrow or minute, usually persistent.
The genus as now limited, comprising Soja, DC., and Johnia , Wight and Arn., neither of them Australian, extends over tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. The following species belong to a section Leptocyamus, differing from the others only in the flowers being distinct from each other, not clustered along the rhachis of the raceme. Two of these species are also found in the Indian Archipelago, the remaining three are endemic, some of them perhaps
422
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[ Glycine .
reducible to varieties of G. clandestina or G. tabacina. They have by some been included in Kennedya, and supposed to have the strophiole of that genus. I have, however, never found any real strophiole, although the funicle, as in many other Pliaseolca, expands into a thin white membrane covering the hilum, fragments of which may remain attached to the seed after its
separation from the funicle. — Benth.
Terminal leaflets sessile between the 2 others or the 3 very shortly and equally petiolulate.
Stems short. Leaflets 1 to 2in. long, very hirsute. Pods falcate, broad.
Upper calyx-lobes free from the middle 1. G.falcata.
Stems slender, twining. Pod linear, nearly straight. Upper calyx-lobes free from the middle 2. G. clandestine.
Terminal leaflet inserted at some distance from the lateral ones.
Pubescent hirsute or nearly glabrous. Leaflets of the lowest leaves short and broad, of the upper ones ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or almost linear 3. G. tabacina.
Silky with closely appressed pubescence. Leaflets linear-acute .... 4. G. sericea.
Softly tomentose or villous. Leaflets ovate or oblong, all obtuse . . . . 5. G. tomentosa.
1. Gr. falcata (Boomerang-shaped), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 243. Stems short, decumbent or perhaps erect, hirsute with reflexed hairs. Leaflets 3, the central one sessile between the others, all lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 2in. long, villous, on a long hirsute common petiole. Stipules striate, larger than in the other species. Flowers all racemose, on long hirsute erect peduncles. Pedicels very short. Calyx silky-villous, 2 to 2| lines long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones united to about the middle. Standard rather narrower than in the other species. Pods reflexed, very hirsute, falcate, 4 to fin. long and fully 2 lines broad, but not ripe in the specimens seen.
Hab.: Sutton River, D'Orsay, and other inland localities.
2. Gr. clandestina (clandestine), Wendl. Bot. Beov. 54 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 243. Stems slender, twining, more or less hirsute with reflexed hairs. Leaflets 3, the terminal one inserted close between the 2 lateral ones or very rarely here and there slightly raised above them, those of the lower leaves often broadly obovate, about 4in. long, those of the upper ones narrow-lanceolate or linear, 4 to 14in. long or more, acute, either nearly glabrous above and pubescent with appressed hairs underneath, or silky- villous on both sides. Stipules minute. Racemes in the upper axils usually exceeding the leaves, the flowers about 4 lines long, scattered along the upper half of the peduncle, the pedicels either very short or nearly as long as the calyx ; in the lower part of the plant the flowers are smaller, often without any or with imperfect petals, and solitary or clustered in the axils, without a common peduncle. Calyx about 2 lines long, the 2 upper lobes united to the middle or nearly distinct. Pod linear, straight, £ to lin. long, with a minute terminal straight or hooked point. Seeds nearly orbicular or transversely oblong, smooth or rough with raised dots, often different in the racemose and in the axillary pods. — 1)C. Prod. ii. 241 ; Leptolobium clandestinum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 125 ; Leptocyamus clandestinus, Benth. in Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 102 ; Teramnus clandestinus, Spr. Syst. Veg. iii. 235 ; Leptolobium microphyllum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 125 ; Glycine minima, Willd. Enum. 756, from the diagnosis copied in DC. Prod. ii. 241.
Hab.: A most variable plant common throughout Queensland.
Var. sericea. Silky-pubescent or villous. Calyx very rusty-villous. Pedicels very short. To this form belong all the W. Australian, most of the S. Australian specimens, and a few only of those from the other colonies. — Benth.
3. Gr. tabacina (Tobacco-like), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 244. Slender, twining, pubescent or villous. Leaflets 3, the lateral ones always at a distance from the terminal one, those of the lower leaves orbicular obovate or oblong and usually obtuse, in the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or almost linear and
Glycine.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
423
usually acute, mostly f to lin., rarely If or 2in. long. Stipules small. Racemes slender, elongated, the flowers distant, usually about 4 lines long, on very short pedicels ; in the lower part of the plant the flowers often axillary and solitary or 2 or 3 together as in other species. Calyx-lobes subulate-acuminate, shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united to about the middle. Pod straight, glabrous or villous, f to above lin. long, the terminal point very short or rarely rather longer and hooked. Seeds smooth or tuberculate. — Kennedya tabacina, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 70, t. 70 ; Leptolobium tabacinurn, and L. elonyatum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 125 ; Desmodium Novo-Hollandicum, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 394.
Hab.: Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander; Keppel Bay, Thirsty Sound, R. Brown; Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, G. Stuart ; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; in the interior on the Maranoa, Mitchell; and Condamine River, Leichhardt. Common throughout the colony.
The species is also in New Caledonia, the Fiji and other islands of the South Pacific. The most slender and glabrescent forms approach G. clandestina, but may be always known by the terminal leaflet distinctly raised above the others ; the more common hirsute variety differs from G. tomentosa in the upper leaflets almost always narrow and acute, the less deeply divided calyx, &c. Among the numerous varieties the two following are the most prominent. — Benth.
Var. uncinata. Very hirsute. Pod hooked at the end, although not so much so as in Teramnus. — Rockhampton, Thozet.
Var. latifolia. Leaflets more obtuse and villous, almost connecting the species with G. tomen- tosa.— Leptocyamus latifolius, Benth. in Mitch. 'Prop. Austr. 361. — To this belong several Queensland specimens. Where the pod is present it appears to be always longer and more slender than in G. tomentosa.
4. G. sericea (silky), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 245. Stems trailing or twining, the whole plant hoary or white with a close appressed silky pubescence, occasionally mixed on the calyx only with rust-coloured hairs. Leaflets 3, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, mostly 1 to 2in. long, the terminal one at a distance from the others. Flowers rather larger than in G. tabacina, but otherwise like them. Pod usually above lin. long, densely silky-pubescent with appressed hairs. Seeds smooth. — Leptocyamus sericeus, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 45, and in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. i. 40.
Hab.: Southern inland localities.
5. G. tomentosa (cottony), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 245. Twining or prostrate, resembling the coarser varieties of G. tabacina, but always more tomentose- villous, and often densely and softly velvety-tomentose. Leaflets 3, ovate or oblong, very obtuse, 1 to 2in. long, not passing into the lanceolate acute form of the upper leaves of G. tabacina. Flowers very shortly pedicellate in the raceme as in that species, and of the same size, but usually more approximate at the end of the peduncle. Calyx very villous, with the lobes longer than the tube. Pod f to fin. long or rarely more. Flowers in the lower axils solitary or clustered as in all other Australian species except G. falcata. — Leptolobium tomentosum , Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 125.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Broadsound, R. Brown; Port Curtis M'Gillivray ; Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller.
We have the same species from the Philippine Islands and from S. China. — Benth.
53. HARDENBERGIA, Benth.
(After the Countess of Hardenberg.)
Calyx-teeth short, the 2 upper ones more or less united. Standard broadly orbicular, emarginate, without indexed auricles ; wings obovate-falcate, adhering to the keel ; keel obtuse, shorter and usually very much shorter than the wings. Upper stamen quite free, the others united in a sheath ; anthers reniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style short, thick, incurved, attenuate at the end, with a terminal stigma. Pod linear, compressed or turgid. Seeds ovoid or oblong, laterally attached to a short funicle, strophiolate. — Glabrous twining
Part II. H
424
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Hardenberyia.
herbs or undershrubs. Leaves of 1, 3, or 5 entire stipellate leaflets. Stipules small, striate. Flowers small, violet, white or pinkish, with a yellowish or greenish spot on the standard, in axillary racemes, the pedicels usually in pairs or small clusters. Bracts small, deciduous or rarely persistent. Bracteoles none.
A small genus limited to Australia and distinguished from Kennedya by the short calyx-teeth and (except the doubtful H. retusa) by the small keel, and still more by the habit and numerous small flowers of a very different colour, giving it more the aspect of a Glycine than of a true Kennedya.— Benth.
Leaflets cordate ovate lanceolate or linear, solitary. Keel much shorter
than the wings. Pod flat, with dry pulp inside 1. H. monophylla.
Leaflets obovate, truncate, obcordate, or broadly 2-lobed. Keel rather
shorter than the wings 2. H. retusa.
1. XI. monophylla (one leaflet), Benth. in Huey. Enum. 41, and FI. Austr. ii. 246. Leaflets always solitary, usually ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 3 or even 4in. long, obtuse or rather acute, often coriaceous and strongly reticulate, but varying from broadly cordate-ovate to narrow-lanceolate, more or less cordate or rounded at the base, articulate on a petiole of J to lin. Flowers usually numerous, about 5 lines long, on pedicels rather longer than the calyx, in pairs or rarely 3 together, the upper racemes often forming a terminal panicle. Calyx about 1J line long. Pod sessile, flat, attaining about If in., coriaceous, more or less filled between the seeds with a pithy pulp. Seeds very oblique, almost transverse. — Maund, Botanist, t. 84 ; Glycine bimaculata, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 263 ; Kennedya mono- phylla, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 106 ; DC. Prod. ii. 384 ; Bot. Beg. t. 1336 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 758; K. lotiyiracemosa, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1940; K. ovata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2169; DC. Prod. ii. 384; K. cordata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 944; Harden- bergia monophylla, and H. ovota, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 124 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 361 ; H. cordata, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. 124.
Hab.: Common in southern Queensland.
Var. ovata (H. ovata, Benth.) Differs in that it is not so decided a trailer, but often forms a compact erect shrub, with broadly ovate-cordate leaves. — Stanthorpe, and the hills about that southern locality.
2. H. retusa (leaflets blunt at the end), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 247. “ Kong- an,” Cooktown, “ Ru,” Batavia River, Both. A tall twiner, the young shoots and inflorescence silky-pubescent, the foliage at length glabrous, the branches usually angular. Leaflets 3, broadly obovate-truncate, obcordate or broadly and obtusely 2-lobed, the midrib usually produced into a short point, If to 3in. long, somewhat coriaceous, rather shining above, pale underneath. Stipules ovate or lanceolate, striate, reflexed. Flowers like those of the other species, or rather larger and more numerous, usually several together in each cluster, the rhachis of the cluster sometimes slightly developed, the racemes axil- lary or in terminal panicles as in the other species. Calyx about 2 lines long, hoary-pubescent, the teeth very short and obtuse. Standard nearly 5 lines diameter, broad and emarginate ; wings nearly as long, falcate ; keel rather shorter, much incurved, obtuse. Ovary nearly sessile, with about 10 ovules. Style rather thickened and indexed at the base, then straight and slender, with a small terminal stigma. Pod broadly linear, flattened, silky-villous, about 2fin. long, without pithy partitions inside. Seeds strophiolate. — Dolichos obcordatus, A. Cunn. Herb.; Glycine retusa, Soland. mss.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solancler, A. Cunningham ; Dunk Island, M‘Gillivray ; Albany Island, F. v. Mueller; Cape York, W. Hill.
The keel is rather larger than in the other species, but the other characters and habit are quite those of Hardenhergia. — Benth.
Roots roasted, and hammered on a stone before being eaten. — Both,
XLIII. LEGUMINOSflE.
425
54. KENNEDYA, Vent.
(After Mr. Kennedy, a London nurseryman.)
(Physolobium, Hueg.; Ziehya, Hueg.; Amphodus, Lindl.)
Calyx-lobes about as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones united in an emarginate or 2-toothed upper lip. Standard obovate or orbicular, narrowed into a short claw, with minute indexed auricles ; wings falcate, adhering to the keel ; keel incurved, obtuse or rather acute. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile or shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform, rarely toothed at the top, stigma terminal. Pod linear, flattened cylin- drical or turgid, 2-valved, more or less divided by a pithy substance between the seeds. Seeds ovoid or oblong, laterally attached, with a very prominent strophiole. — Perennials, with prostrate trailing or twining stems, usually pubescent or villous. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or very rarely with an additional pair or reduced to 1 ; leaflets entire or obscurely 3-lobed, with stipellae. Stipules persistent, striate or veined. Flowers red or rarely almost black, in racemes, umbels, pairs, or solitary on axillary peduncles. Bracts either stipule- like and persistent, or small and very deciduous. Bracteoles none. Disk round the ovary obscurely annular or none at all.
The genus is entirely Australian, and, with Hardenbergia, distinguished amongst PluiseolecB by the prominently strophiolate seeds. — Bentli.
Standard narrow-obovate. Keel almost acute. Pod compressed. Flowers
above lin. long, racemose, red. Wings erect 1. K. rubicunda.
Standard broadly obovate, almost orbicular. Keel obtuse. Flowers not above fin. long.
Flowers racemose. Pedicels very short. Bracts very small. (Pod
unknown) 2 K. procurrens.
Peduncles 1 or 2-flowered. Pedicels long. Bracts stipule-like, persistent.
Pod cylindrical, coriaceous 3 . K. prostrata.
Very tall climber, pubescent. Leaflets 2 to 5in. diameter. Standard obovate, fin. long, the free stamen sometimes if not always connate with the others for some distance up 4 . K. exaltata.
1. IL rubicunda (flowers red), Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 104; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 249. A large twining species, pubescent or villous. Leaflets 3, usually ovate and 3 to 4in. long, but varying from broadly rhomboid obovate or almost orbicular to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate and acute, the smaller ones often under 2in. and when very luxuriant attaining 5 or Bin., rarely nearly glabrous, some- times softly-silky on both sides. Stipules small, striate, reflexed. Flowers of a dull or dark red, 1J to 1-Jin. long, in pedunculate racemes rarely exceeding the leaves. Pedicels usually in pairs, rather longer than the calyx. Bracts small, very deciduous. Calyx silky-villous, 5 to 6 lines long. Standard narrow-obovate, abruptly reflexed from about the middle ; wings narrow, erect, adhering to the keel above the middle ; keel narrow, as long as the wings, rather acute. Pod flat or the valves slightly convex, 2 to 4in. long, usually villous. Seeds oblong, almost transverse, laterally attached to a funicle protruding far into the cavity. — DC. Prod. ii. 383 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 954 ; Glycine rubicunda , Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 268; Amphodus ovatus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1101; Kennedya phaseoli/olia, Hoffm. from the descr. in Linmea, xvi. Litt. Ber. 281.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, and others ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Ipswich, Nernst. Common in south Queensland, and from thence to Rockingham Bay.
2. K. procurrens (running), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 365 and FI. Austr. ii. 249. Stems prostrate, pubescent or villous. Leaflets 3, ovate or elliptical, obtuse or mucronate, 1 to 2in. long, rugose, slightly pubescent above, more so underneath. Stipules broadly lanceolate, reflexed. Flowers rather above Jin. long, in a short raceme at the end of a rather long peduncle, Bracts
426
XLIII. LEGUMINOSrE.
[Kennedy a.
small. Pedicels short. Calyx about 2f lines long, the lobes shorter than the tube. Standard broadly obovate, emarginate ; keel rather narrow, obtuse ; wings narrower and scarcely so long. Pod not seen.
Hab.: Mount Kennedy, on the Maranoa, Mitchell.
Only a single specimen seen, unless one without flowers from Keppel Bay, R. Brown, belongs to the same species. — Benth.
3. E. prostrata (prostrate), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, iv. 299 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 250. Stems prostrate or sometimes twining in the large variety, pubescent or hirsute. Leaflets 3, broadly obovate or orbicular, under lin. long in the ordinary variety, often undulate, pubescent or hirsute. Stipules leafy, broadly cordate, acute, or acuminate, free or united. Peduncles 1 or 2-flowered, rarely with 2 pairs of flowers. Pedicels usually longer than the calyx, with stipule-like bracts at the base. Flowers scarlet, nearly fin. long. Calyx pubescent, about 4 lines long. Standard obovate ; keel incurved, obtuse ; wings much narrower and rather shorter, adhering only near the base. Pod nearly cylindrical, very coriaceous, pubescent, If to 2in. long. Seeds attached by a very short funicle. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 101 ; Glycine coccinea, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 270.
Hab.: Inland, south-west Queensland.
4. K. ? exaltata (a tall climber), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ., July 1897, and Oct. 1899. A robust pubescent climber, according to Mr. E. Cowley, attain- ing to the tops of tall trees. Stems hairy Stipules oblong-lanceolate, 7 or 8 lines long, including the portion (about 3 lines) produced below the insertion, clothed with appressed hairs ; stipellte very narrow and the lower ones rather long. Petioles about 4 or 5in., petiolules from 1 to lfin. long. Leaflets 3, somewhat orbicular in outline, 2 to 5in. diameter, the lateral ones 2, the terminal usually broadly 3-lobed, the midrib of each lobe ending in a bristle-like point, pale on the under surface. Racemes axillary ; peduncle somewhat flattened, about 3in. long, bearing about the centre a hairy lanceolate bract ; raceme or portion bearing the flowers about as long as the peduncle. Flowers solitary or in pairs (violet- coloured and very attractive, E. Cowley). Pedicels about 2f lines long, curved, hairy. Calyx-tube gibbous, very hairy outside and slightly so inside, long as the pedicel ; the 2 upper lobes united to the end, 3f lines long ; lateral ones about the same length, but more acute ; the lower or keel lobe about 6 lines long, somewhat acute. Standard obovate, about fin. long, with 2 auricles at the base of the lamina ; claw short, the wing and keel petals about as long as the standard, all obtuse. The free stamen sometimes, if not always, connate for some distance up with the others. Ovary stipitate, hairy ; upper portion of the style glabrous. Stigma terminal. Pod straight, 4in. long, fin. broad, convex on both sides, silky outside, glabrous inside with transverse partitions slightly constricted between the seeds ; seeds 6 or 7 in each pod, almost lens-formed, about 4 lines diameter, light-brown, stropliiole not large.
Hab.: Scrubs of the Barron Biver, E. Cowley, 1897 ; pod specimens, Atherton, J. F.
Bailey, 1899.
The flowers upon the specimens received being all more or less injured by insects, the peculiarity noticed in the stipules and stamens may, when better known, cause this plant to be removed out of the genus in which I now place it ; but with the material to hand I can do nothing better with it.
55. ERYTHRINA, Linn.
(Flowers red.)
Calyx campanulate or cylindrical, obliquely truncate or slit on the upper side, entire or toothed. Standard broad or long, erect or recurved, narrowed at the base, without appendages ; wings short, often minute or none; keel short, the petals united or free. Stamens all united at the base, the upper one often free
Eryihrina .] XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E. 427
from the middle ; anthers reniform. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules ; style subulate, oblique at the end, with a small stigma. Pod stipitate, linear-falcate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, more or less contracted between the seeds, 2-valved, usually pithy between the seeds. Seeds distant, ovoid or oblong, wjfth a lateral oblong hilum, not stropliiolate. — Erect trees or shrubs, rarely tall herbs, the trunk, branches, and often the petioles armed wTith conical prickles. Leaflets 3, usually broad, entire or 3-lobed, the stipellae usually gland-like. Stipules
small. Racemes axillary, or, if terminal, leafy at the base. Flowers large, usually red, in clusters of 2 or 3 on lateral nodes along the peduncle. Bracts small or none.
The genus is widely dispersed over tropical America, Africa, and Asia, extending into N. America and S. Africa. Of the 4 Queensland species, one is a common Asiatic one, the others are endemic. The genus is a very natural one and well characterised ; some botanists have, however, proposed to break it up into three or four, founded on diversities in the form of the calyx and proportions of the petals, which appear to vary so much from species to species as scarcely to serve even as sectional characters. — Benth. (in part).
Stem and branches prickly.
Leaflets broadly 2 or 3-lobed. Calyx about Jin. long. Standard scarcely
clawed 1 . E. vespertilio.
Leaflets entire. Calyx about Jin. long. Standard narrowed into a short
claw 2. E. indica.
Stems without prickles and seldom any on the branches or branchlets,
slightly velvety. Leaflets entire. Pod 5 or Gin. long ; seeds subovate . 3. E. insularis.
Stems prickly. Leaflets entire, terminal one 7in. long, 8in. broad. Pod 1
or 2-seeded, 3 to 5in. long, lin. broad over the seeds, prominently veined . 4. E. phlebocarpa .
1. El. vespertilio (bat-winged leaflets), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 218,
and FI. Austr. ii. 253. “ Goomurrie,” Nanango, Shirley; “ Aranyi,” Batavia
River, Roth. Usually a small tree, glabrous, the branches prickly, but not the leaves. Leaflets broadly cuneate at the base, spreading to 3 or 4in. in breadth, often but not always broader than long, usually 3-lobed, the lateral lobes spreading or recurved, obtuse, sometimes broader than long, sometimes much longer than broad, the middle one triangular or lanceolate, usually acute, broad or narrow, either longer than the lateral ones or more frequently much smaller or disappearing altogether, in which case the leaf is divided into 2 long narrow diverging or divaricate lobes. Flowers numerous, pendulous, in showy erect racemes. Calyx about fin. long, broad, entire or obscurely toothed, obliquely truncate and slit on the upper side. Standard ovate, erect at the base, recurved upwards, nearly 1-Jin. long, narrowed but scarcely clawed at the base ; wings obliquely oblong, about 4 lines long ; keel- petals like the wings, but about 6 lines long, free. Style hooked at the end. Pod elongated, torulose, with few large red seeds.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Bay of Inlets, R. Brown; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fraser , F.v. Mueller, &c.; Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Port Denison, Fitzulan ; in the interior, on the Maranoa, &c., Mitchell ; found during the whole of Leichhardt's expedition (Herb. Mus. Par.)
The Brisbane River specimens have usually large leaflets with broad short lobes, those from north-west ( E . hiloba, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 21), have 2 narrow lobes with or without a small intermediate one, the others show every gradation from the one form to the other. — Benth.
Roots eaten raw. Flowers stuck in front of the hair with beeswax as a sign of mourning. — Roth.
Wood of a straw colour, soft and light. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 117.
2. E. indica (Indian), Lam.; DC. Prod. ii. 412 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 253. Mochi-wood of Madras. A very large tree in the tropics, usually much smaller in the south, glabrous, the branches but not the leaves armed with prickies usually black. Leaflets entire, very broadly ovate, often 6 to 8in. long, the terminal one rhomboidal, the lateral ones rather oblique. Flowers scarlet, nearly 2in. long, in dense racemes. Calyx broad, fully fin. long, entire or slightly toothed, obliquely truncate and slit on the upper side. Standard ovate, scarcely recurved, narrowed
428
XLII1. LEGUMINOSflE.
[ Erythrina .
into a distinct stipes. Wings and keel nearly similar, all free, obovate, and about Jin. long. Pod much contracted between the seeds, often attaining 9in. to 1ft. Seeds few, large, red, distant. — Wight, Ic. t. 58.
Hab.: Islands of the N. coast, B. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Tallegalla, J. Marquis. In flower November.
Common in East India and the Archipelago, and often planted for shade or ornament.— Benth.
Wood of a straw colour, very light and soft ; does not seem to be much attacked by insects. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 118.
8. E. insularis (an island tree), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. i., pt. 3. A spreading- headed tree about 15 to 20ft. high, bark light-coloured, smooth, the trunk and branches unevenly round, giving the idea of a hard-wooded tree; the ends of the branches or branchlets slightly velvety as well as the foliage, but being late in the season most of the leaves had fallen at the time my specimens were obtained ; I could not find a single prickle upon the tree from which the seeds were obtained, but another tree, upon which some few leaves still remained, had a few pairs of minute mahogany-coloured ones. Leaves smaller but very similar to E. indica, or between that species and E. vespertilio. No flowers seen. Fruiting raceme
3 or 4in. long, upon a peduncle of about 6in., pods crowded, pedicels lin. long, solitary or 2 or 3 together. Pods seldom exceeding 5 or 6in., abruptly terminating in a prominent recurved point, at the base a more or less portion is seedless and much narrowed, the rest of the pod almost moniliform, the contrac- tions between the seeds very irregular, often long and narrow. Seeds red, subovate, about 5 lines long, persistent after the opening of the pods.
Hab.: Turtle Island, June, 1897.
4. E. phlebocarpa (pods veined), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. i., pt. 5. Deciduous tree; branchlets thick and more or less covered with small black prickles. Petioles nearly terete, about 8in. long, unarmed. Leaflets 3, membranous, the terminal one often Tin. long and 8in. broad, on a petiolule of about Jin. at the end of a rhachis of about 2 Jin., rhomboidal in form ; the lateral leaflets smaller but very similar in form, on petiolules of about Jin. Stipellfe gland-like. Peduncles terminal, stout, unarmed or a minute prickle or two near the base, 5 or 6in. long, or with the raceme sometimes 15in. Flowers crowded, red, usually in whorls of
4 upon the rhachis, the whorls scarcely Jin. apart. Pedicels 4 lines long. Calyx campanulate, oblique at the top, about 6 lines long, marked with longitudinal lines. Standard 2in. long, slightly recurved, tapering towards the base, about 7 or 8 lines broad when expanded, but usually infolded and so appearing narrower, apex acuminate : wings and keel petals oblique-oblong, about as long as the calyx. Pod 1 or 2-seeded, 3 to 5in. long, about lin. broad over the seeds, much con- stricted between them, with a long seedless base and long acuminate apex ; the exocarp marked on the outside by strong reticulate veins, endocarp separating from the exocarp and long retaining the seeds. Seeds oblong, red, 7 lines long, 4 lines broad, flat on the bottom or hilum side, and showing a rather sharp longitudinal ridge on the upper side. Allied to E. indica, Linn.
Hab.: Newcastle Bay, Cape York Peninsula, Frank L. Jardine.
56. STRONGYLODON, Vogel.
(Referring to rounded teeth of calyx.)
Calyx campanulate, gibbous ; teeth short, obtuse, imbricate. Corolla much exserted. Standard lanceolate, recurved ; wings obtuse, more than a third as long ; keel curved, as long as the standard, narrowed into a beak. Stamens diadelphous ; anthers uniform. Ovary stalked, ovules few. Style filiform, beardless, stigma capitate. Pod oblong, turgid. Seeds with a hilum running more than half round. — Twining herbs, with the habit of Phaseolus, with stipellate 3-foliolate leaves. Flowers in long lax racemes.
Strongylodon .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
429
1. S. ruber (red), Vogel; A. Gray Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. 446, t. 48; Baker, in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 191. Stems firm, wide-twining, glabrous. Leaflets green, subconcolorous, glabrous, membranous, the end one roundish with a point, 4 to Gin. long. Racemes copious, axillary, distinctly pedunculate, 6 to 12in. long ; pedicels geminate from the tumid nodes, filiform, drooping, % to lin. Calyx glabrous, 3 to 4 lines, clasped at the base by a pair of short round deciduous bracteoles. Corolla bright red, 3 or 4 times the calyx. Pod oblong, 3in. long, distinctly stalked, 2-seeded. — Rhynchosia lucida, DC. Prod. ii. 387 ; Baker l.c.
Hab.: Coastal scrubs of tropical Queensland, F. v. M.
57. MUCUNA, Adans.
(Brazilian name.)
Calyx broadly campanulate, 4-toothed, the upper one (consisting of 2 com- bined) broader, the lowest longer. Standard shorter than the wings ; keel as long as or longer than the wings, incurved at the end, with a hardened point or beak. Upper stamen free, the others united ; filaments usually dilated upwards ; anthers alternately longer and erect, and shorter versatile and often bearded. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a terminal stigma. Pod thick, clothed with stinging often very deciduous hairs, 2-valved. Seeds roundish with a long linear hilum, or oblong with a shorter lateral hilum.— Large twiners. Leaflets 3, stipellate. Stipules small or none. Fkwers usually large, purple yellow or nearly white, in axillary racemes, the pedicels clustered along the rhachis on lateral nodes, or on short peduncles, when the raceme is converted into a corymb or dense panicle.
The genus is widely spread over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World ; the only Australian species is a common Asiatic one. With considerable diversity in the pod and seeds, the species are all distinguished by the keel and stamens. The pungent hairs of the pod are rarely wanting, and all become black in drying. — Benth.
1. M. gigantea (gigantic), DC. Prod. ii. 405 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 254. Glabrous or slightly hairy when young. Leaflets from broadly ovate to ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4in. long, the lateral ones very oblique. Flowers of a pale greenish-yellow, nearly ljin. long, in short loose corymbs, on pendulous peduncles of from 2 or 3in. to nearly 1ft. Calyx about -|in. broad, hirsute with deciduous hairs. Standard ovate, concave, reflexed ; wings rather longer, the edges pubescent below the middle ; keel still longer, with a short indurated inflexed beak. Shorter anthers bearded. Pod rather thick but flat, above lin. broad, with a narrow longitudinal wing on each side of each suture, the pungent hairs usually falling off before maturity. Seeds 2 to about 6, large, orbicular, half encircled by the hilum.— W. and Arn. Prod. 254 ; Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. t. Suppl. 14 (wrong as to colour ?).
Hab.: Brisbane River and Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, and others; Rockhampton, Thozet; Edgecombe Bay, Dallacliy.
The species is widely distributed over E. India, the Archipelago, and islands of the S. Pacific. — Benth.
58. GALACTIA, R. Br.
(Some species milky.)
Calyx-lobes 4 (the upper one consisting of 2 combined) acuminate, the 2 lateral shorter. Standard ovate, narrowed at the base, the margins slightly inflexed ; wings narrow, slightly adhering to the keel ; keel about as long. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod linear, straight or curved, usually flat,
430
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Galactia'
2-valved, with a pithy pulp between the seeds. Seeds not slrophiolate.- — Prostrate or twining herbs. Leaflets 8 or rarely 1 or 5, stipellate. Flowers in axillary racemes, clustered along the common peduncle. Bracts small, setaceous, deciduous. Bracteoles very small.
The species are chiefly American, one of them widely spread over the warmer regions of both the New and the Old World, two or three others are African or Asiatic. Of the three Queensland species, one is the common cosmopolitan one, the others are endemic. The genus is readily distinguished by the acuminate calyx with the upper lobe always quite entire. — Bentli.
Glabrous or pubescent with spreading hairs. Flowers few in the raceme, under
Jin. long 1. G. tenui flora.
Silky-pubescent or villous. Flowers numerous, 7 or 8 lines long 2. G. Muelleri.
Root fusiform. Plant glabrous, shortly trailing. Flowers few 3. G. various.
1. G. tenuiflora (flowers slender), Willd.; Wight and Am. Prod. 206 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 255. Stems from a thick rhizome, usually slender, twining, attaining several feet, glabrous or pubescent with spreading or reflexed hairs. Leaflets 3, ovate or oblong, usually 1 to 2in. long and obtuse, but variable in shape and size, glabrous or pubescent, especially underneath. Peduncles rarely exceeding 6in., with few distant clusters of 2 or 3 flowers each, on a small gland- like node. Pedicels very short. Flowers pale reddish -purple or nearly white, varying from 4 to 6 lines. Calyx-lobes narrow, longer than the tube. Pod 1 to 2in. long, linear, flat, coriaceous, with thickened margins, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds obliquely attached, smooth.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and adjoining coast , It. Brown, Henne, Landsborough ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Keppel Bay, Ii. Brown ; Port Curtis and Keppel Island, M'Gillivray ; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; Broadsound, Bowman.
The species is common in tropical Asia, Africa, and America, and varies much in the breadth of the leaflets from almost orbicular to linear, in the indumentum, and in the size of the flowers. This has given rise to very numerous synonyms, of which nineteen are quoted in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 143. The Australian specimens have usually larger flowers and the pod straighter than in most of those from other countries, but some are precisely like the Indian ones. — Benth.
2. G. IVIuelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 255. A larger and much stouter plant than G. tenuiflora, the branches softly tomentose. Leaflets oval-oblong and very obtuse or elliptical, 1^ to 2Jin. long, firm, softly silky-pubescent on both sides. Peduncles long, rigid, bearing numerous flowers, considerably larger than in G. tenuiflora, in distinct or distant clusters. Calyx silky, nearly 5 lines long. Standard 7 to 8 lines long. Pod silky, about 2in. long, straight.
Hab.: Walsh River, T. Barclay -Millar.
3. G. varians (leaves various), Bail. Bot. Bull. x. “ Morni-li-an,” More- head River, Both. Stems trailing from a thick fusiform rootstock, glabrous, and more or less angular. Leaves very variable in form and size, often near the base reduced to a single oblong leaflet, under lin. long, the larger leaves bearing as many as 12 leaflets, alternate or opposite upon the rhachis, nearly sessile, or an odd lower one upon the same leaf, with a petiolule |ln. long, oblong, 1 to 2in. long, the largest nearly fin. broad, very obtuse at both ends and prominently reticulate, pale on the under surface. Peduncles terminal, nearly 1ft. long, flower upon the upper half, distant, singly, on slender pedicels of about 3 lines. Flowers, only a few at the end of the raceme upon the specimen examined, seem to be pale-coloured, somewhat stained with purple, softly hairy on the outside of the petals. Standard nearly orbicular, 5 lines in diameter. Calyx slightly hairy, the two upper lobes combined, the three others very narrow, the middle one much longer than the others. Pod 2in. long, straight, not flattened, nearly terete. Seeds about 7, smooth, of a grey colour and elegantly reticulate.
Hab.: Coolgarra, Matthew Butler, J.P., who, with the specimens, sends the following marvellous statement about its medicinal properties : — “ On the 24th December last I was sent for to make the will of an old man who was, as he thought, dying of rheumatism. ... In a
—
PL. X/V
GaLcuXixc veer Larrs, Bail-.
GovfZifkc. Office
Brisbane* 0.
F. C Wills
Galactia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
431
fit of abstraction he pulled up the root and ate it. Fancying it gave him relief, he pulled more, boiled it, and drank the. liquor. Within a week there was a marked change in him, and now (17th March) he is quite well and looks ten years younger. ... A miner, who has been suffering for over two years from a scrofulous affection, took a decoction of this root for a fort- night, and his skin seems now perfectly clear, and he tells me he feels a new man. ... I had a slight touch of rheumatism in the leg, and tried a decoction of the root, with the result that the pain has gone and the stiffness is wearing away.”
Used for poisoning water for fish, Roth.
Dr. Joseph Lauterer says that the sticky yellow resin of the roots might be recommended in rheumatism, skin diseases, scrofulosis, syphilis, and in some of these it might surpass guaiacum in quickness and certainty of effect.
59. CAN AVALIA, DC.
(Malabar name of a species.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes united into a large obtuse entire or 2-lobed upper lip, 3 lower ones into a much smaller entire or 3-lobed lower lip. Standard broad, reflexed, with 2 callosities inside above the claw ; wings oblong or linear, falcate or twisted, free ; keel incurved and sometimes rostrate. Stamens all united in a tube, open at the very base, where the upper one is free ; anthers uniform. Ovary shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style filiform or slightly thickened, with a terminal stigma. Pod oblong or linear, broad, 2-valved, with a prominent longitudinal rib or wing on each side of the upper suture. Seeds rounded or oblong, with a linear hilum, varying in length.— Large herbs with twining or trailing stems. Leaflets 3, usually large, stipulate. Stipules minute, often gland-like or none. Flowers rather large, purplish pink or white, in axillary racemes ; pedicels very short, clustered on lateral nodes along the upper portion of the rhachis. Bracts minute. Bracteoles small, orbicular, very deciduous.
The species are widely distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World, some of them cultivated in India for food, although others are very poisonous. The Australian one is a common maritime plant. The genus is readily known by the calyx, different from all except some species of Plinscolus, which have a very different keel, stigma, and pod. — Bentli.
1. C. obtusifolia (leaflets obtuse), DC. Prod. ii. 404 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 256. Glabrous or the young shoots silky-pubescent (in the variety densely silky- tomentose), the stems more frequently prostrate or trailing than twining. Leaflets broadly obovate or orbicular, very obtuse or retuse, 2 to Sin. long and rather thick, rarely thinner, attaining 4 or Sin. and obscurely acuminate. Flowers pink or nearly white, along the upper portion of stout erect peduncles, varying from 6in. to 1ft. in length. Calyx nearly |in. long, the upper lip nearly as long as the tube, with 2 very broad rounded lobes, the lower nearly half as long with 3 small lobes. Standard orbicular, fin. diameter ; keel much curved, but obtuse. Pod f to lin. broad, the longitudinal ones very narrow. Seeds 2 to 8, the hilum oblong or shortly linear, not half the length of the seed. — Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. Pap. 178, t. 48, where the numerous synonyms are quoted.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Bustard Bay, Bay of Inlets, &c., Banks and. Solander, R. Brown; Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller; Ipswich, Nernst; Broadsound and Fitzroy River, Bowman.
The species is common on the sea-coasts of S. America, Africa, and tropical Asia.
Var. sericea. Leaflets oval-rotund, rather thick, about 2in. long, 1 Jin. broad ; lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side of costule, upper side sparsely, under side densely silky-tomentose. Peduncles rather shorter and flowers darker than in the normal form. Pod 4in. long, lin. broad, straight ; valves hard. Seeds about 4, light-brown. Hab.: Bustard Head, Jas. Keys.
Some botanists consider that this may be the wild state of C. ensiformis, which is probable ; the pods of the Queensland species vary considerably in length and width.
2. : C. ensiformis (sword-shaped), DC. Prod. ii. 404 ; Baker in FI. Prop. Afr. ii. 190. Stems widely climbing, subglabrous. Stipules minute, deciduous. Petiole 2 to Gin. long. Leaflets 3 ; central one ovate or oblong, 3 to Gin. long ; lateral ones smaller, unequal-sided, membranous, glabrescent. Flowers numerous,
432
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Canavalia .
in moderately dense racemes on flexuose peduncles Gin. or more long. Calyx £in. deep, the bifid upper lip a-third as long as the tube. Corolla pinkish or white, fragrant, twice the calyx or more. Pod short-stalked, 4 to 8 or 12in. long, 15 to 18 lines broad, glabrescent, the prominent ribs \\ to 2 lines from the upper suture. Seeds red or white. — C. gladiata , DC. 1 . c . ; C. polystachya, Schweinf.; Dolichos yladiatus, Jacq.; Canavalia incurva, DC. l.c.
Hab.: This African and East Indian bean has been met with as a stray from cultivation.
60. PHASEOLUS, Linn.
(Pods boat-shaped.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes or teeth united in a short entire or 2-lobed upper lip, the lowest one longer and narrow. Standard broad, recurved, often oblique or twisted ; wings obliquely obovate or oblong, adhering to the keel ; keel produced into a long linear beak, more or less spirally twisted. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style thickened within the beak of the keel and twisted with it, more or less bearded upwards along the inner side ; stigma oblique or on the inner side of the style. Pod linear or falcate, flat or terete, 2-valved. Seeds with a small or shortly linear hilum, not strophiolate. — Herbs either annual or perennial and woody at the base, short and erect or elongated and twining in the same species. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or very rarely 1-foliolate, stipellate, the leaflets entire or lobed. Stipules usually persistent, striate, sometimes produced below their insertion. Flowers white, yellowish, purple or red, in clusters of 2, 3 or more on lateral nodes in the upper portion of long axillary peduncles. Bracts and bracteoles usually very deciduous.
A considerable genus, dispersed over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World. Several species long cultivated in various countries have given rise to many forms published as
separate species, although frequently undistinguishable except by their origin. — Bentli.
Stipules not produced below their insertion. Pod flattened.
Bracteoles broad, striate, persistent, as long as the calyx. Flowers small,
pale yellowish-white 1. P. vulgaris.
Bracteoles small and very deciduous. Flowers large, pink or whitish with
the wings purple 2. P. Truxillensix.
Stipules oblong, produced below their insertion. Pod at length nearly
cylindrical 3. P. Mungo.
Shrubby, suberect, branches flexuose. Stipules conspicuous, lanceolate- setaceous. Calyx tubuloso-campanulate ; corolla purple and white. Pod nearly terete, 2 to 4in. long 4. P. semierectus.
1. *1?. vulgaris (common), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 392 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 257. Glabrous or silky-pubescent when young, dwarf and erect or tall and twining. Leaflets broad, acuminate, 2 to 3in. long or more, the stipollae small, obtuse. Stipules small, not produced below their insertion. Peduncles short, with few rather small pale yellow-green or whitish flowers. Bracteoles ovate, striate, as long as the calyx, and persistent. Calyx upper lobe very short, broad, obtuse and entire. Pod broadly linear, flattened, straight or slightly falcate. — Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 182, with the synonyms quoted.
Hab.: Now and again met with as a stray from cultivation.
The species is the most generally cultivated in all warm and temperate countries. Its origin is uncertain, probably Asiatic. — Bentli.
2. P. Truxillensis (found at Truxille, Mexico), H. B. and K.; DC. Prod. ii. 391 ; Bentli. LI. Austr. ii. 257. Twining or trailing at the base, glabrous or more or less hairy, the hairs reflexed on the stem, appressed or silky on the leaves. Leaflets usually broadly ovate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2 to 4in. long, the terminal one somewhat rhomboid, the lateral ones very oblique, those of the upper leaves narrower, the stipellte small, oblong. Stipules small, not pro- duced below their insertion. Peduncles usually long, with few flowering nodes
Phaseol ns.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
433
at or near the end. Pedicels very short. Bracteoles shorter than the calyx and very deciduous. Flowers rather large, mixed purplish or pink and white or the standard yellowish. Calyx upper lobes short, very broad and obtuse, the lowest narrow acute and as long as or longer than the tube. Standard and wings nearly lin. long; keel forming 2 or 3 coils. Pod flattened, straight or falcate, attaining 3 or 4in. in length and nearly -J-in. in breadth. — P. rostratus, Wall. PI. As. Rar. i. 56, t. 63 ; Wight, Ic. t. 34.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown : Bustard Bay, Endeavour River, &c., Banks and Solander ; Port Curtis and Barnard Island, M'Gillivray.
The species is frequently sent to Europe as indigenous in collections from almost all tropical countries, but it is also frequently cultivated. The numerous synonyms, as far as ascertained, are quoted in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 186. — Benth.
3. P. Mungo (Indian name), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 395 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 257. “ Komin,” Rockhampton, “Kadolo,” Cleveland Bay, Thozet. More or less hirsute, the hairs reflexed on the branches, appressed on the leaves, the Australian specimens elongated and twining, but, like P. vulgaris, it is more generally cultivated as dwarf and erect. Leaflets mostly ovate, acute or acuminate, entire or minutely 3-lobed, the lateral ones very oblique, 2 to Sin. long. Stipules rather large, oblong, produced below their insertion so as to appear peltate. Flowers rather small, pale yellow, in 2 or 3 clusters at the end of the peduncle or rarely more .numerous in a somewhat elongated raceme. Bracteoles small and very deciduous. Calyx 2 upper lobes very short and broad, the lowest nearly as long as the tube and acute. Keel spirally twisted to one side, with a spur near the base of the lamina on the same side only. Pods spreading or reflexed, cylindrical when ripe, 2 to 3in. long, scarcely 3 lines broad, hirsute or rarely glabrous.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Gould Island, M'Gillivray ; limestone hills, Leichhardt; Bowen River, Bowman ; Rockhampton, Dallachy.
The Australian specimens belong chiefly to the slender twining form, which includes P, radiatus, Roxb.. or P. Pioxbnrghii, W. and Arn. Prod. 246, and P. trinervins , Heyne, W. and Am. Prod. 245. This, like the erect form, including P. Max, Linn., as well as P. Mungo, appears to be very abundant, wild or cultivated, in tropical Asia, but not in America. — Benth.
Roots, after being baked, eaten. — Thozet.
4. P. semierectus (slightly erect), Linn.: DC. Prod. ii. 396 ; Baker in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 201. A shrubby often straggling plant, the branches suberect, terete, clothed with long deciduous deflexed hairs. Stipules J to nearly Jin. long, lanceolate-setaceous. Leaflets entire, membranous, soon glabrescent, thicker than in most of the species, the end one ovate, entire, acute or subobtuse, 2 to 3in. long, usually deltoid at the base. Peduncles reaching 1ft. and racemes Jft. long ; pedicels very short, geminate. Bracteoles setaceous. Calyx tubuloso- campanulate with aristate teeth, under Jin. long, split open by the pod. Corolla deep-purple and white, 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx. Pod 3 to 4in. long, glabrous, rather recurved, many-seeded. — P. psoraleoides, W. and A. Prod. 244 ; Wight Ic. t. 249.
Hab.: Found in many parts of India, tropical America, Malaya, and naturalised in Queensland.
61. VIGNA, Savi.
(After Dominie Vigna.)
(Scytalis and Strophostyles, E. Mey.; Plectrotropis, Schum.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes united into one, or more or less distinct. Standard broad, spreading ; wings obliquely obovate, adhering to the keel ; keel incurved, either obtuse or with an obliquely incurved beak, not forming a complete spire. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style thickened upwards and longitudinally bearded on the inner
434
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[ Vigna .
side ; stigma very oblique or on the inner side of the style. Pod linear, nearly terete when ripe, 2-valved. Seeds with a small or shortly linear hilum, not strophiolate. — Herbs either prostrate and trailing or twining, or short and erect in the same species. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, stipellate, the leaflets entire or 3-lobed. Stipules usually persistent, rarely produced below their insertion. Flowers greenish yellow or purple, on very short pedicels, in clusters of 2 or 3 on lateral nodes in the upper portion of long axillary peduncles, or more frequently only 1 or 2 such clusters at the end of the peduncle. Bracts and bracteoles usually very deciduous.
The genus is as widely distributed as Phaseolus over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World, and comprises several extensively cultivated species. It only differs indeed from Phaseolus in the keel not forming complete spires. Of the four Australian species, three have a very wide range in the New and the Old World, the fourth is endemic. — Benth.
Calyx-lobes acute, as long as the tube, the 2 upper united at the base only.
Keel with a long obliquely incurved beak I. V. vexillata.
Calyx-lobes short, the 2 upper ones united into one broad entire one. Keel rather acute, but not beaked.
Leaflets obovate, very obtuse 2. V. lutea.
Leaflets mostly ovate, acute or acuminate, or narrow and lanceolate or linear.
Flowers 7 or 8 lines long. Leaflets mostly ovate 3. V. luteola.
Flowers about 5 lines long. Leaflets mostly lanceolate or linear ... 4. V. lanceolata.
1. V. vexillata (standard prominent), Bentli. in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 193, t. 50, /. 1 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 258. Stems, from a tuberous rootstock, twining and hirsute as well as the leaves, the hairs reflexed on the branches, more appressed and scattered on the leaves, rarely at length glabrous. Leaflets usually ovate-lanceolate in the lower leaves, narrow-lanceolate in the upper ones, 2 to 4in. long and entire, but varying in breadth and size. Stipules cordate-lanceolate, sometimes shortly auriculate. Flowers greenish-yellow, more or less tinged with purple, larger than in most species, 2 to 4 together at the summit of the peduncle. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the tube, the 2 upper ones shortly united at the base. Standard 10 or 11 lines diameter, reflexed ; wings rather shorter, one with a long auricle at the base, the other with scarcely any ; keel with a long incurved almost involute oblique beak, not how- ever forming a complete spire, and with a lateral spur on one side below the beak. Stigma thick, on the inner side of the style above the beard. Pod nearly cylin- drical, straight or slightly curved, 3 to 4in. long, about 2 lines broad. — Phaseolus vexillatus, Linn.; Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 102 ; Vigna hirta, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 637 ; V. tuberosa, A. Rich. Tent. FI. Abyss, i. 217, t. 42.
Hab.: Bustard Bay and Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Broadsound, &c., R. Broivn ; Moreton Bay, Bidwill ; Pine River, Fitzalan ; Burdekin and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Bowen River, Boicman; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy.
The species is widely spread over tropical Asia, Africa, and America. By the obliquity of the flower and length of the beak it is intermediate in some respects between Vigna and Phaseolus, and has been placed alternately by botanists in either of these genera or in Dolichos, or has been proposed as a distinct genus under the name of Plectrotropis by Schumacher and of Strophostyles by E. Meyer, as appears by the extensive synonymy collected in the “ Flora Brasiliensis ” above quoted. — Benth.
2. V. lutea (yellow), A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Plxpl. Exped. i. 454 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 259. Rather coarse, prostrate, trailing or shortly twining, nearly glabrous or the young shoots hoary or silky, with centrally fixed appressed hairs. Leaflets orbicular, obovate or ovate-rhomboid, usually very obtuse, 1^ to Sin. long. Stipules short and broad ; stipellte obtuse. Flowers yellow, like those of V. luteola, in few clusters crowded at the end of the peduncle. Calyx 1£ line long, the lobes or teeth shorter than the tube, the 2 upper ones united into one short and broad one. Standard above -|in. diameter or rather more ; keel broad, much incurved, rather acute, but not beaked. Stigma oblong, very oblique or quite on
Vigna.\
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
435
the inner side of the style above the dense beard. Pod glabrous, straight or curved, about 3in. long, Jin. wide. — Dolichos luteus, Swartz, FI. Ind. Occid. iii. 1246 ; V. retusa, Walp. Rep. i. 778 ; Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. ii. 242 ( Scytalis ,
E. Mey.); V. anomala, Walp. Rep. i. 779 ( Scytalis , Vog.).
Hab : Harvey’s Bay, R. Brown ; islands along the coast down to Moreton Bay, M'Gillivray,
F. v. Mueller, Thozet, and others.
The species appears to be not unfrequent in maritime sands in tropical Asia and islands of the Pacific, and in Southern Africa, more rare in the W. Indies. I have not seen Swartz’s specimens, but his description leaves no doubt that A. Gray is right in referring his plant to the present one. — Benth.
3. V. luteola (pale yellow), Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 194, t. 50, f. 2, and FI. Austr. ii. 260. Prostrate, trailing or twining, often hirsute, espe- cially when young, sometimes nearly glabrous, very rarely with a few of the centrally affixed hairs of V. lutea. Leaflets very variable, usually ovate or ovate- lanceolate, 1 to 2in. long, entire or slightly sinuately 3-lobed, the upper ones sometimes longer and narrower, almost always acute or acuminate. Stipules small. Flowers pale-yellow, in few clusters at the end of the peduncle. Calyx scarcely 2 lines long, the two upper lobes united into one very short and broad one, the lowest about as long as the tube. Standard 7 or 8 lines diameter ; keel as long as the wings, broad, much curved and rather acute, but not beaked. Stigma oblong, very oblique or quite on the inner side of the style above the dense beard. Pod hirsute or rarely at length glabrous, nearly terete, often torulose, 2 to 3in. long, scarcely Jin. broad. — Dolichos luteolus, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 90 ; Vir/na glabra and V. villosa, Savi ; DC. Prod. ii. 401.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller.
The species is common in tropical America and temperate N. America, chiefly near the sea ; it is also in tropical Africa. I have not seen any Asiatic specimens, which leads me to doubt in some measure the identification of the Australian ones. I can, however, detect no difference between them and some of the common American forms. — Benth.
4. V. lanceolata (lanceolate leaflets), Benth. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 350, and FI. Austr. ii. 260. Glabrous or slightly pubescent, short and erect or elongated and twining, but always more slender than F. luteola. Leaflets usually lanceolate, obtuse or rather acute, 1J to 2 or rarely 3in. long, entire or the terminal one hastately lobed on each side at the base, the lateral ones on one side only, those of the lower leaves sometimes short and ovate, in the upper ones long and linear. Flowers much smaller than in V. luteola, otherwise like them, in few clusters at the end of the peduncle. Calyx about 1 line long, the 2 upper lobes united into one very short and broad one, the lowest not so long as the tube. Standard about 5 lines diameter, with the 2 callosities and indexed auricles of the allied species ; keel broad, much incurved, rather acute, but not beaked. Pod glabrous or pubescent, nearly terete, 1 to 2in. long. — V. suberecta , Benth in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 388.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Broadsound, R. Brown; Mount Owen and Mount Faraday, Mitchell; Archer’s Creek, Leichhardt ; Bowen River, Bowman.
Var. Jiliformis. Stems long, slender and twining. Leaflets all linear or linear-lanceolate. Flowers smaller. I think fragments of this variety have reached me from the Gulf country.
The pod in some of R. Brown’s specimens, with lanceolate leaves, is much flatter than in the other specimens seen in fruit, but I can detect no specific differences. — Benth.
62. DOLICHOS, Linn.
(From the long growth of some species.)
Calyx-lobes short, the 2 upper ones united into one broad entire or emarginate one. Standard orbicular, recurved or spreading, with 2 indexed auricles at the base and 2 callosities inside ; wings obovate, falcate, adhering to the keel, nearly as long as the standard ; keel much incurved, often beaked, but not spiral. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform, Ovary nearly sessile,
486
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[Dolichos.
with several ovules ; style thickened upwards, either bearded longitudinally on the inner side or hairy ail round, at least round the stigma, which is small and terminal. Pod flattened, usually falcate and acute, 2-valved. Seeds with a
small or shortly linear hilum, not strophiolate. — Herbs often woody at the base, twining trailing or short and suberect. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, stipellate. Stipules small. Flowers sometimes few together, on very short axillary peduncles or even solitary, with striate persistent bracts and bracteoles, almost as in Clitoria , more frequently in axillary racemes, clustered on lateral nodes along the peduncle, with very small and deciduous bracts and bracteoles, as in Vigna and Phaseolus.
The genus is chiefly S. African, with a few tropical Asiatic and S. American species. The only Australian one is widely spread over E. India and S.E. Africa.
Lablab.— Pod oblong, 2 to 4-seeded ; style flattened upwards, narrowed at the base 1. D. J,ablab.
Dolichos proper. — Pod linear, many-seeded; style filiform, not narrowed at the base. Flowers 1 to 3 on short axillary pedicels, without a common peduncle 2. D. biflorus.
1. Lablab (its Egyptian name), Linn.; Baker in Oliver FI. Trap. Afr. ii. 210. A wide-climbing perennial, with subglabrous stems. Leaflets 8, mem- branous, acute, glabrous above, nearly or quite so below ; central one ovate- deltoid, 3 to Gin. long, broadly spathulately narrowed at the base. Flowers in fascicled lax racemes, 3 to Gin. long, on firm elongated peduncles. Calyx broadly campanulate, 2f to 3 lines long, subglabrous, with a pair of roundish deciduous bracteoles at the base, 2 upper teeth connate, the others shorter than the tube. Corolla reddish or pale, 6 to 9 lines deep, the keel abruptly incurved. Pod If to 2in. long, 7 to 10 lines broad, narrowed at the base, the upper suture nearly straight, the face glabrescent, rarely persistently pubescent. Seeds 2 to 4 ; style flattened upwards, not twisted, narrowed at the base. — Bot. Mag. t. 896 ; Lablab vulgaris, Savi, DC. Prod. ii. 401 ; L. uncinatus, A. Braun, in Schimp. Hb. Abyss.; D. crenatifructus, Steud. in Schimp. Hb. Abyss. 513 ; D. purpurens, Linn. Bot. Mag. t. 830. — Baker l.c.
Hab.: Commonly cultivated in tropical countries for its green pods, which are used as a vegetable. Met with in Queensland as a stray from cultivation. The plant is extremely variable under cultivation in size and shape of pod and colour of the flowers and seed.
2. !D. biflorus (2-flowered), Linn.; I)C. Prod. ii. 398 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii.
261. “ Mal-kan,” Cape Bedford, “ Tandaji,” Butcher’s Hill, B,oth. Either
dwarf and nearly erect or elongated and twining, softly pubescent in all its parts or at length glabrous. Leaflets ovate, acuminate, 1 to 2in. long, the lateral ones very oblique. Stipules ovate or lanceolate, striate, persistent. Flowers usually 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, clustered in the axils on a very short common peduncle, of a yellowish colour, not fin. long. Bracts and bracteoles narrow, almost subulate or the lower ones broader and striate. Calyx-lobes subulate, longer than the tube, the lowest longer than the others. Standard broadly obovate ; wings narrow ; keel much incurved, with a short obtuse beak. Style filiform, glabrous, except a small tuft of hairs round the terminal stigma. Pod falcate, usually If to 2in. long and about 4 lines broad. — D. unifiorus, Lam.; DC. Prod. ii. 398 ; L>. axillaris, E. Mey.; Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. ii. 245.
Hab.: Cape Bedford, Cooktown, and Butcher’s Hill, Roth.
The species is dispersed over tropical Asia and S.E. Africa. In inflorescence, and in the style not longitudinally bearded, it differs from most species of the genus, and approaches in some respects Clitoria. The lowest flowers are apparently sometimes small and apetalous.— Benth
Grown in India for its seeds, which are called “ Madras Gram.”
Boots eaten after being roasted. — Roth.
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
437
63. DUN BARI A, W. and Arn.
(After Professor Dunbar.)
Calyx-lobes acuminate, the 2 upper ones united into 1 entire or slightly toothed one. Standard obovate or orbicular, erect or reflexed, with inflexed auricles at the base and 2 callosities inside ; keel incurved, obtuse. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style filifonn, incurved and rather thickened about the middle ; stigma terminal, small. Pod linear, flat, often falcate, acuminate ; valves rather thin, not indented between the seeds. Seeds nearly orbicular, with a short or oblong hilum and a thin or small strophiole, scarcely fleshy. — Trailing or twining herbs, usually tomentose, often viscid. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate without stipellae, leaflets usually sprinkled with resinous dots underneath. Stipules striate or small or none. Flowers usually yellow, in axillary racemes, singly scattered along the rhachis or rarely solitary in the axils. Bracts usually broad and membranous, but very deciduous. Bracteoles none.
The genus extends, like Atylosia, over E. India and the Archipelago, the Australian species being one of the most widely dispersed. Nearly allied to Atylosia, it has the pod almost of a Dolichos, differing from Rhynchosia only in the more numerous ovules. — Benth.
1. Do COnspersa (sprinkled with resinous dots), Benth. in PI. Jungh. i. 241, and FI. Austr. ii. 262. A slender twiner, hoary all over with a minute tomentum, scarcely becoming glabrous when old, and more or less sprinkled with r-esinous dots. Leaflets broadly rhomboidal, rarely lin. long, entire or the terminal one broadly sinuate 3-lobed. Flowers rather small, yellow, 2 together or rarely solitary in the axils of the leaves, on short pedicels. Calyx-lobes lanceolate-falcate, the upper and lower ones longer than the tube. Pod nearly straight or falcate, obliquely acuminate, 1 to l£in. long, glabrous or slightly tomentose. Seeds 6 to 8, with an oblong hilum and a rather thicker strophiole than in most species. — Dolichos (? ) rhynchosioides, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 185.
Hab : Dunk Island, M‘Gillivray.
The species ranges over the eastern provinces of India and the Archipelago up to S. China. It has very much the aspect of some of the common trailing Rhynchosias, but the pod is quite different. — Benth.
64. ATYLOSIA, W. and Arn.
(A and tulos ; no protuberance.)
(Cantharospermum, W. and Arn .)
Calyx-lobes acuminate, the 2 upper ones united into 1 entire or slightly toothed one. Standard orbicular, reflexed, with 2 inflexed auricles at the base and often with 2 slight callosities inside ; keel incurved, obtuse. Upper stamen free, the others united; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style filiform, incurved and rather thickened above the middle ; stigma terminal, small. Pod oblong or broadly linear, straight, scarcely acuminate, 2-valved, with partitions between the seeds, the valves coriaceous or rarely thin, transversely indented between the seeds. Seeds ovate or orbicular, with an oblong hilum and a thick fleshy strophiole. — Trailing or twining herbs or erect shrubs, usually tomentose or softly villous. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, without stipeline ; leaflets usually glandular-dotted underneath. Stipules small or none. Flowers yellow, solitary or clustered in the axils or at the end of axillary peduncles. Bracts usually broad and membranous, but so deciduous as to be rarely seen. Bracteoles none.
The genus extends over E. India and the Archipelago and westward to the Mauritius. Of the Australian species, one is common over the whole range of the genus, the others are endemic. F. v. Mueller proposes to reunite it with Cajanus, to which it is closely allied, but the pod is differently shaped, and the strophiole appears to be constant. It only differs from some sections of Rhynchosia in the ovules always more than 2. — Benth.
488
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Aty Ionia.
Stems trailing or twining.
Pod broad, thin, transversely reticulate. Leaflets broadly obovate or
orbicular 1. A. mannorata.
Pod coriaceous with deeply depressed transverse lines between the seeds.
Leaflets rhomboid ovate or elliptical.
Pedicels axillary, solitary or clustered with scarcely any common
peduncle 2. A. scarabteoides.
Peduncles axillary, often exceeding the leaves 3. A. reticulata.
Stems erect, shrubby at the base. Pod coriaceous. Leaflets very rugose, thick and soft. Pod villous, with long hairs.
Terminal leaflets at some distance from the lateral one 4. A. yrandijlora.
Terminal leaflets close between the 2 lateral ones 5 .A. pluriflora.
1. A. marmorata (marbled or mottled pods), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 268. Stems rather slender, trailing or twining, pubescent or hirsute. Leaflets very broadly obovate orbicular or broader than long, very obtuse, 1 to l^in. long, softly pubescent when young, rather rigid and nearly glabrous when old. Peduncles solitary or 2 together, often slightly exceeding the leaves, either 1 -flowered or bearing 1 or 2 pairs of flowers. Calyx slightly tomentose, about 4 lines long, the lobes rather longer than the tube. Petals 5 or 6 lines long. Ovary with about 4 ovules. Pod very flat, about lin. long, and nearly 4in. broad, mottled with purple and thinly hairy, the valves very thin and marked with fine transverse reticulations, the transverse depressed lines between the seeds very faint. — Glycine marmorata , R. Br. Herb.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Nebo Creek and Bowen River, Bowman ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
The species is allied to the E. Indian A. platycarpa, Benth., but the leaflets are differently shaped, the pod straighter, Ac. These two species belong to the section Rhynchosioides, which only differs from the section Notnismia of Rhynchosia in the number of ovules. — Benth.
2. A. scarabaeoides (beetle-like), Benth. in PI. Jungh. i. 242, and FI. Austr. ii. 263. Trailing or twining, slender, but often extending to several feet, softly tomentose in all its parts. Leaflets obovate or elliptical, obtuse or the upper ones narrower and almost acute, 1 to l^in. long, rugose and soft. Peduncles very short or almost none, bearing 1 to 5 shortly pedicellate flowers, about 5 lines long. Calyx-lobes falcate, acute, rather longer than the tube and nearly as long as the petals. Ovary with 6 to 8 ovules. Pod about f to lin. long and 3 to 4 lines broad, softly tomentose and hairy, the valves coriaceous, marked between the seeds by deep transverse lines and furrows. — Rhynchosia (? ) scarabaoides, DC. Prod. ii. 337 ; Cantharospermum gaueijiorum , W. and Arn. Prod. 255.
Hab.: Port Denison, Burdekin River, Ac., Boioman, Dallachy.
The species is common in E. India and the Archipelago, extending from the Mauritius to S. China. The Australian specimens have the leaflets rather narrow, but do not otherwise differ from the common form. This and all the following species belong to the section Cantharo- spermum. corresponding to the section Ptychocentrum of Rhynchosia. — Benth.
3. A. reticulata (netted), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 263. “ Korlbun,” Endeavour River, Roth. Stems elongated, trailing or rarely twining, rather coarse, rusty- hirsute or velvety. Leaflets ovate or rhomboidal, obtuse, 1^ to Sin. long, rugose and softly velvety-tomentose. Peduncles usually 2 or 3 in each axil, of unequal lengths, bearing at the end a cluster or short raceme of about 3 to 9 flowers, the pedicels at first very short, but often at length as long as the calyx. Calyx rusty- villous, fully 6 lines long, the lobes linear acuminate, the upper or lower ones about three times as long as the tube, the lateral ones rather shorter. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Ovary with about 6 ovules. Pod about lin. long
Atylosia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
439
and 4 lines wide, very villous, with long hairs, the valves coriaceous, marked with deep rather oblique transverse furrows between the seeds. — Dolichos reticulatus, Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 1, iii. 33 ; DC. Prod. ii. 400.
Hab. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Rockhampton, Dallachy.
The roots, after being roasted and hammered, used for food. — Roth.
4. A. grandifolia (large-leaved), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 264. An erect branching, rusty-tomentose or softly villous shrub, closely resembling in other respects A . reticulata. Leaflets broadly ovate or rhomboidal, obtuse or rather acute, 2 to 3in. long, very rugose and soft. Flowers in irregular clusters or short racemes, pedunculate in the upper axils, the upper peduncles short, forming an irregular terminal leafy panicle. Pedicels at first very short, or rarely attaining the length of the calyx. Calyx rusty villous, about -Jin. long, the lobes about twice as long as the tube. Petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Pod as in A. reticulata, about lin. long and 4 lines wide, very villous with long hairs, the valves coriaceous, marked with deep transverse furrows between the seeds.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Burnett Ranges, F. v. Mueller; Burdekin Expedition, Fitzalan; Fitzroy River, Bowman ; Port Denison, Dallachy.
5. A. pluriflora (flowers numerous), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 264. Erect and shrubby, clothed with a soft woolly or silky tomentum, some- times rusty, usually very white on the branches. Leaflets 3, from obovate, very obtuse, and about lin. long, to elliptical-oblong, obtuse or almost acute and near 2in. long, more or less rhomboid, very rugose and soft, the terminal one inserted close between the lateral ones instead of being raised at some distance above them as in all the other Australian species ; common petiole about 6 to 9 lines long, slender. Peduncles in the upper axils bearing an irregular head or umbel- like cluster of flowers, the pedicels at first very short, at length nearly as long as the calyx. Calyx softly villous, 4 to 5 lines long, the lobes not much longer than the tube. Petals exceeding the calyx, attaining about 7 lines. Ovary with 3 to 6 ovules. Pod about lin. long, very villous with long hairs, the valves coriaceous, marked with deep transverse furrows between the seeds. Seeds oval, about 1^ line long, dark with somewhat light-coloured dots, strophiole oblong, 2-lobed.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown ; Burdekin Expedition, Fitzalan; Rockhampton, Thozet : near Princhester, Bowman : Thozet’s River, Dallachy ; Irvinebank, F. Bennett.
65. RHYNCHOSIA, Lour.
(Keel of flowers beaked.)
(Nomismia, W. and Am.; Copisma, E. Mey.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes more or less united. Standard obovate or orbicular, usually with indexed auricles at the base, rarely callous inside ; keel incurved, obtuse or rarely beaked ; wings narrower or rarely obovate, and often shorter. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or nearly so, with 2 or very rarely 1 ovule ; style curved above the middle and often thickened ; stigma terminal. Pod flattened, oblong or falcate, 2-valved, rarely divided inside. Seeds ovoid, rounded or almost reniform, with a lateral short or oblong hilum, the funicle centrally attached, with or without a strophiole. — Trailing or twining herbs, or erect undershrubs or low shrubs, often tomentose and usually sprinkled with resinous dots. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely in species not Australian 1 or 5-foliolate, without any or with small setaceous stipellae. Stipules broad or linear or very small or none. Peduncles axillary, bearing a raceme or rarely single flowers, usually yellow, the standard often streaked with purple. Bracts very deciduous ; bracteoles none.
Part II. I
440
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
[Rhynchosia.
A considerable genus, dispersed over the warmer regions of the globe, especially S. America and Africa, with several Asiatic species, and a few in N. America. — Benth.
Stems erect and shrubby. Leaflets minutely tomentose, slightly rugose.
Peduncles slender, 1 or few-flowered. Keel obtuse. Seeds strophiolate 1. R. acutifolia. Stems trailing or twining. Flowers racemose.
Pod falcate, much longer than broad. Seeds not strophiolate.
Pod tomentose, depressed between the seeds. Leaflets mostly above
2in. long. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube 2. R. Cunningliamii.
Pod nearly glabrous or hairy. Leaflets not much above lin. long.
Calyx-lobes rather longer than the tube.
Flowers scarcely above 3 lines long 3. R. minima.
Flowers nearly 5 lines long 4. R. australis.
1. R, acutifolia (leaves acute), F. v. ill. Herb, (tinder Atylosia) ; Benth. FI.
Austr. ii. 266. Erect and shrubby but slender, minutely and closely tomentose or rarely softly pubescent. Leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, f to lfin. long, almost acute or shortly acuminate, sometimes slightly rugose. Peduncles axillary, slender, bearing 2, 3 or few flowers in an irregular raceme. Pedicels at first short, often at length as long as the calyx and filiform. Flowers yellow, 5 or 6 lines long. Calyx-lobes rather longer than the tube. Standard with 2
callosities inside ; keel obtuse, but very much incurved. Ovules 2. Pod
coriaceous not acuminate, minutely tomentose, slightly depressed between the seeds, 6 to 8 lines long, fully 3 lines broad. Seeds with a thick fleshy strophiole.
Hab.: Queensland, F. v. Mueller.
The species belongs to the section Ptychocentrum, W. and Am. , differing from the shrubby Atylosias of the section Scarabceoides in the 2 ovules. From the above-mentioned pod with the Gilbert River specimens it appears that there may be occasionally a third ovule as occurs also in R. minima ; but I found 2 only in all the ovaries I examined. — Benth.
2. R, Cunninghamii (after Alan Cunningham), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 266. Twining to a considerable length, shortly and softly pubescent or velvety. Leaflets broadly ovate-rliomboidal, acuminate, 2 to 4in. long, rather thin. Stipules subulate-acuminate, and stipelhe often present. Racemes axillary, not exceeding the leaves, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, often 2 together or the upper ones almost clustered. Calyx tomentose, 2 to 24 lines long, the lobes obtuse, shorter than the tube. Standard fully twice as long, slightly callous inside ; keel obtuse. Pod slightly falcate and shortly acuminate, slightly contracted between the seeds, nearly fin. long, fin. broad, densely tomentose and often also hairy, valves coriaceous. Seeds ovoid, bluish-black, the hilum short, lateral, without any strophiole.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart ; Mount Elliott and Thozet’s Creek, Fitzalan, Dallac.hy ; also in many parts of southern Queensland. In flower November ; seed ripe December.
The species is very closely allied to the common S. American R. phaseoloides, DC., but besides some slight differences in the size of the flowers, the seeds in that species have usually, if not always, a large scarlet spot round the hilum. — Benth.
3. R. minima (flowers small), DC. Prod. ii. 385 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 267. Slender, trailing or twining, minutely tomentose or nearly glabrous. Leaflets broadly ovate-rhomboidal, mostly about lin. long when full-grown but often much smaller, with minute or without any stipellte. Stipules also very small or none. Racemes mostly longer than the leaves, bearing in their upper portion scattered pendulous yellow flowers rarely exceeding 3 lines in length, on very short pedicels ; in the lower axils the peduncles are sometimes very short and few-flowered. Calyx about 2 lines long, the lobes rather longer than the tube, the 2 upper ones united to the base or to the middle. Standard obovate, without callosities ; keel obtuse. Style slightly thickened upwards. Pod falcate, shortly acuminate or acute, narrowed at the base, 4 to nearly fin. long, shortly tomentose- pubescent. Seeds without any strophiole. — Mart. FI, Bras. Papil. t. 54. f. 2 ;
Rhynchosia.]
XLIII. LEGUMIN08-E.
441
R. punctata, DC. Mem. Leg. t. 56, and Prod. ii. 385 ; R. nuda, R. ervoidea, R. inedicaginea, and R. rhombifolia, DC. Prod. ii. 385, 386 ; II. lawijiora, Camb. in Jacquem, Voy. t. 54 ; and numerous other synonyms cited in Mart. FI. Bras. Papil. 204.
Hab.: Broadsound, Keppel Bay, It. Brown; Bowen and Burdekin Rivers, Bowman, Dallachy ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart.
The species appears to be abundant in almost all tropical or subtropical countries. — Bentli.
4. It. australis (Australian), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 267. Slender with trailing or twining stems as in R. minima, with the same foliage and inflorescence, but the flowers are much larger, usually nearly 5 lines long, bright yellow, without streaks on the standard. Calyx-lobes all narrow, subulate-acuminate, rather longer than the tube, the 2 upper lobes more united than in R. minima. Pod falcate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, above fin. long, hirsute with long hairs besides the minute tomentum of R. minima. Seeds not strophiolate.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Bidwill ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy, Bowman.
If a variety of R. minima, this is yet different from any of the numerous forms assumed in other countries by that ubiquitous species, approaching in some respects the S. African R. yihba. — Bentli.
66. ERIOSEMA, DC.
(The standard woolly or silky-villous.)
Calyx 2 upper lobes usually free. Standard obovate or oblong, with indexed auricles at the base, rarely callous inside ; keel slightly incurved, obtuse ; wings usually longer, narrow. Upper stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, with 2 ovules ; style filiform, incurved above the middle and some- times slightly thickened. Pod flattened, obliquely orbicular or broadly oblong, 2-valved, not divided inside. Seeds oblong, oblique, not strophiolate, the funicle attached to one end of a long linear hilum. — Herbs or undershrubs, erect, pros- trate or rarely twining, tomentose or glabrous, the resinous dots less conspicuous than in Rhynchosia. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate, usually without stipelhe. Stipules lanceolate, free or united opposite the leaf. Flowers usually yellow, in axillary racemes or clusters, the standard often silky-villous. Bracts very deciduous ; bracteoles none.
The genus is numerous in S. American and African species, with a single tropical Asiatic one which is the same as the only Australian one. Formerly considered as a section of Rhynchosia, it differs in the position of the seeds and generally in habit. — Bentli.
1. 3ES. chinense (Chinese), Voy. in PL Meyen. 31 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 268. “ Torakal,” Palmer River, “ Pand-ja,” Cooktown, “ Kal-lar,” Butcher’s Hill, N.Q., “Nar-gul,” Middle Morehead River, Roth. Rhizome a perennial oblong tuber. Stems erect, £ to 1ft. high, simple or branching at the base only, more or less hirsute with long rust-coloured hairs, intermixed with a short pubescence. Leaflets solitary, nearly sessile, from oblong-lanceolate to linear, 1 to 2in. long, sprinkled with a few long hairs on the upper surface and on the veins of the lower one, otherwise glabrous above, hairy or glaucous underneath. Peduncles axillary, exceedingly short, with 1, 2, or rarely 3 flowers, about 4 lines long. Bracts small, narrow. Calyx pubescent or villous, the lobes either shorter than the tube or with long subulate points. Pod 4 to 6 lines long, 3 to 4 lines broad, covered with long rusty hairs. — Pyrrhotrichia tuberosa, W. and Arn. Prod. i. 238 ; Rhynchosia virgata, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. n. 5508.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham.
The species is frequent in the hilly districts of N. India, also in Ceylon, Burmah, the Philip- pines, and S. China. — Benth.
Roots roasted, skinned before eating; localities l.c. — Roth.
442
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
67. FLEMINGIA, ltoxb.
(After John Fleming.)
Calyx-lobes nearly equal or the lowest longer. Standard oval obovate or orbicular, with indexed auricles at the base, often callous inside ; keel incurved, obtuse or acute ; wings usually rather shorter. Vexillary stamen free, the others united ; anthers uniform. Ovary short, sessile or nearly so, with 2 ovules ; style filiform, incurved above the middle and often slightly thickened ; stigma terminal. Pod very oblique, short, turgid, 2-valved. Seeds with a short hilum without any strophiole. — Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, rarely twining, usually tomentose or pubescent and sprinkled with resinous dots. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate or 1- foliolate, without stipellte, the veins of the leadets very prominent underneath. Stipules usually dry, striate, deciduous. Flowers purple-reddish, or mixed with yellow, in panicles or spike-likes racemes. Bracts either like the stipules or, in species not Australian, large, leafy, concave, enclosing the dowers. Bracteoles none.
The genus is most numerous in tropical Asia, with one or two African species. Of the Australian species, 2 are common to E. India and the Archipelago, the other 2 are endemic. The species with large leafy bracts forming the section Ustry odium , DC., common in the Archipelago, have not yet been found in Australia. The habit and foliage of the genus are almost those of some Genistew, from which tribe, however, it is readily distinguished i>y the free upper stamen. Several species also resemble some Psoralens, but the ovary and pod are quite
different. — Bentli.
Flowers in small loose panicles 1. F. lineata.
Flowers 2 or 3 on a short axillary peduncle 2. F. pauciflora.
Flowers in axillary oblong spike like racemes 3. F. parvifiora.
Flowers in dense globular sessile heads 4. F. involucrata.
1. F. lineata (lined), Roxb.; DC. Prod. ii. 851 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 268. An erect undershrub or low shrub with slender branches, the young parts and indorescence minutely rusty-tomentose, the foliage at length nearly glabrous. Leadets 3, from obovate-cuneate to elliptical-oblong or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 14 to 3in. long. Stipules and bracts small, usually persistent. Flowers small, secund and loosely racemose along the branches of small irregular axillary or terminal panicles. Calyx minutely tomentose, about 3 lines long, the lobes much falcate, longer than the tube. Standard broad, scarcely exceeding the calyx ; keel at least as long, much curved, acute ; wings rather shorter. Pod very oblique, about 4 to 6 lines long and 3 lines broad. — Wight, Ic. t. 327.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Burdekin River and Denison Creek, Bowman; Port Denison and Edgecombe Bay, Dallacliy.
The species is widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago. — Bentli.
2. r. pauciflora (few-dowered), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 269. A low perennial or undershrub, with the habit of F. parvifiora, but softly silky-pubescent or villous all over. Leadets 3, from obovate to elliptical-oblong, obtuse or softly mueronate, 1 to 2in. long. Stipules narrow, acuminate, often persistent. Flowers small, 2 or 3 together, almost sessile, on short axillary peduncles. Bracts narrow, silky, persistent. Calyx silky, the tube very short, the lobes narrow, acuminate, often 3 lines long. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes. Standard rather broad ; keel obtuse. Pod very oblique, as broad as long, attaining nearly ^in.
Hab.: Victoria River, F. v. Mueller ; Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborouyh.
3. F. parvifiora (small-dowered), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 269. A low peren- nial or undershrub, with rather slender prostrate or ascending stems, rarely exceeding 1ft., loosely pubescent, almost silky when young. Leadets 3, from obovate-cuneate and 1 to 14in. long to ovate-lanceolate and 3 to 4in. long, usually very rugose. Stipules very deciduous. Flowers small, pink, in short dense
Fleming ia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSflE.
443
spike like racemes sessile in the axils. Bracts lanceolate, silky-hairy, very deciduous. Calyx silky-pubescent, about 2 lines long, the upper lobe rather longer than the tube, the lowest still longer. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx ; standard ovate, obtuse ; keel nearly straight, obtuse. Pod 4 to 5 lines long, not 3 lines broad.
Hab.: Shoal Bay Passage, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Burdekin River, Bowman ; Port Denison, Dallachy ; Lynedoch Valley, Leichhardt. Flowering in June.
Nearly allied to the E. Indian F. prostrata , Roxb., but in the latter species the flowers are considerably larger, although the petals are shorter than the calyx. — Benth.
4. r. involucrata (bearing an involucre), Benth. in PI. Jungli. i. 246, and FI. Austr. ii. 269. An erect stout perennial or undershrub of 2 to 4ft., more or less villous with soft spreading hairs. Leaflets 3, ovate, rather acute, 2 to 3in. long. Stipules lanceolate, very deciduous. Flowers in dense globose heads of lin. diameter or rather more, sessile or very shortly pedunculate in the upper axils and at the ends of the branches. Outer bracts ovate-lanceolate, striate, pubescent, forming an involucre round the head ; inner ones much narrower. Calyx covered with long soft hairs, the upper lobes about 4 lines, the lower nearly 6 lines long and much broader than the others. Standard rather shorter than the calyx-lobes, obovate ; keel scarcely shorter, almost acute. Pod enclosed in the calyx, scarcely 3 lines long, usually 1-seeded by abortion. — F. capitata, Zoll.; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. part 1, 166.
Hab.: Endeavour River, R. Brown. Also in N.E. India and in Java. — Benth.
68. DALBERGIA, Linn.
(After Nicholas Dalberg.)
Calyx-teeth short, the lowest rather longer. Standard obovate or orbicular ; keel obtuse. Stamens all united in a sheath open on the upper side, or in 2 equal bundles, or reduced to 9, the upper one deficient ; anthers small, erect, didymous, opening at the top. Ovary stipitate, with 1 or few ovules ; style incurved, with a terminal stigma. Pod thin and flat, oblong, linear or rarely falcate, indehiscent, the margins neither thickened nor winged. Seeds single or few and distant along the centre of the pod, very flat and reniform. — Trees or woody climbers. Leaves pinnate, without stipellas, the leaflets usually alternate. Flowers small, usually numerous in axillary or terminal dichotomous cymes or irregular panicles. Bracts and bracteoles usually minute.
A large genus, dispersed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. The only Australian species has also been found in New Guinea.
1. D. densa (flowers dense), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 217, and P'l. Austr. ii. 271. A small tree, with the branches sometimes weak or climbing. Leaflets 7 to 15, broadly oblong or oval-elliptical, very obtuse, f to l^in. long, glabrous above, minutely pubescent underneath. Panicles or clusters of racemes, under 2in. long, not much branched. Flowers scarcely above 2 lines long. Calyx nearly glabrous, about 1 line long, the teeth very short and broad. Claws of the petals as long as the calyx. Ovary glabrous ; style rather slender. Pod very thin, obtuse, H to nearly 3in. long, about £in. wide, slightly reticulate along the centre, on a stipes of about 2 lines.
Hab.: Prince of Wales Islands, R. Brown ; Albany Island, IV. Hill. Also in New Guinea.
The Australian specimens have rather more leaflets than the New Guinea ones, but do not otherwise differ. The species is allied to the common D. tamarindi folia, Roxb., from E. India and the Archipelago, and has the same pod, but much larger, broader and fewer leaflets and smaller flowers. — Benth.
Wood of a light colour, grain close. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 118a.
444
XLiiJL. LEGUMINOS^l.
69. LONCHOCARPUS, H. B. and K.
(Pods lance-shaped.)
Calyx truncate or very broadly and shortly toothed. Standard orbicular, obovate or rarely oblong ; wings usually slightly adhering to the keel ; keel nearly straight or incurved, obtuse. Upper stamen free at the base, connate with the others in the middle ; anthers uniform. Ovary with 2 or more ovules ; style incurved, stigma small, terminal. Pod very flat, oblong or broadly linear, thin or rather thick and coriaceous, indehiscent, the upper or both margins sometimes thickened or bordered by a prominent nerve, but not winged. Seeds usually 1 or 2, rarely more, flat, reniform or orbicular. — Trees or woody climbers. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually few, opposite, with a terminal odd one ; stipellas none or small and setaceous. Stipules small or none. Racemes or raceme-like panicles axillary or forming large terminal panicles. Flowers violet, purple, or white, usually in pairs or in clusters along the rhachis. Bracts small, deciduous ; bracteoles also small, but often more persistent.
A numerous genus in S. America and tropical Africa, but as yet unknown in Asia. The only Australian species is endemic, coming, however, very near to some African paniculate species, generically distinguished by Fenzl under the name of Philenoptera , and by Klotzsch under that of Capassa. In flower, Lonchocarpus cannot always be distinguished from Millettia , but the pod is always thinner and indehiscent, the pod alone distinguishing the genus from Derris and Pongamia. — Benth.
1. I«. Blackii (after Allan Black), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 271. A tall woody climber, the young branches and foliage rusty pubescent, at length glabrous. Leaflets 7 to 11, ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 1 to 1£ or rarely above 2iu. long, on rather long petiolules, with small setaceous stipellae. Flowers dark purplo, in long loose racemes, forming large terminal panicles, the pedicels usually 2 together on a short common peduncle. Calyx about 2 lines long, slightly silky-pubescent, with short broad teeth. Standard about 4 lines broad, narrowed into a long claw ; keel nearly as long, obliquely ovate ; wings very small. Ovary very villous, with numerous ovules ; style short, inflexed. Pod very thin, 2 to 5in. long, ^ to fin. broad, with 2 to 4 or 5 broad flat reniform seeds. — Millettin Blackii, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 123.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller , W. Hill, Leichhardt; Ipswich, Nernst ; Broadsound and Bowen River, Bowman ; Rockhampton, Dallachy. Flowers about November.
Wood very stringy, dark-brown, and porous. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 119.
Yields a blood-red juice, which, on exposure to air, dries up to a brownish gum. Analysis : Arabin, 3'8 ; resin, 1-4; tannic acid, 74-2 ; water, 20 6. — Lauterer.
70. DERRIS, Lour.
(Pods thin, skin-like.)
(Brachypterum, W. and Am.)
Calyx truncate or very shortly and broadly toothed. Standard obovate or orbicular ; keel slightly incurved. Upper stamen usually free at the base, united with the others in the middle ; anthers uniform. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style incurved, with a small terminal stigma. Pod flat, oblong or linear, straight or slightly incurved, thin or coriaceous, indehiscent, the upper or both sutures bordered by a narrow wing. Seeds 1, 2 or rarely 3, very flat, orbicular or reniform. — Tall woody climbers or rarely trees. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets opposite, with a terminal odd one ; stipellas small and setaceous or none. Stipules small or none. Flowers white, yellowish or rarely violet, usually clustered on lateral nodes along the rhachis of axillary racemes. Bracts and bracteoles small and deciduous.
Denis.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
445
A tropical genus, comprising a considerable number of Asiatic species with three S. American ones, one only of the Asiatic species extending into Africa. Of the Queensland species two are common Indian ones, the other endemic. The genus differs from Lonchocarpus and Pongamia
chiefly in the winged fruit. — Benth. (in part).
Leaflets 9 to 13, usually obtuse. Racemes long and slender. Pod lanceolate,
narrowed at both ends 1. II. scandals.
Leaflets 3 to 7, usually acuminate. Racemes rather short and crowded.
Pod short and broad, obliquely rounded at both ends 2. D. uliginosa.
Leaflets usually 7, large, the veins bearing ferruginous hairs. Racemes,
panicles 10 to 18in. long. Pod under 2in. long, £in. broad, 1-seeded . . 3. D. koolgibberah.
1. S. scandens (climbing), Bentli. Sgn. Dalb. 103, and FI. Austr. ii. 272. A tall woody climber, sometime? rusty-pubescent or almost villous at first, nearly glabrous when full grown. Leaflets 9 to 13, broadly oblong, obtuse, retuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, 1 to 2in. long. Racemes rather slender, from 4 or 5in. to nearly 1ft. long. Flowers about 5 lines long, in clusters of 3 to 6, the pedicels filiform. Pod either 1-seeded and about l|in. long, or when several- seeded attaining 3in. or more, 5 to 6 lines broad, glabrous or minutely pubescent, acute at both ends, very thin, with a narrow wing along the upper suture. — Dalben/ia scandens, Roxb. PL Corom. t. 192 ; Wight, Ic. t. 275.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bid w ill ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, C. Stuart ; Ipswich, Nernst.
Common in E. India and the Archipelago.
2. D. uliginosa (growing in swamps), Benth. in PI. Junrjh. i. 252, Syn. Dalb.
107, and FI. Austr. 272. “ Mo-kor-ja,” Cooktown, Both. A tall woody climber,
glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets in the common variety, 5 or 7, ovate or oval- oblong, li to 3in. long, shortly and obtusely acuminate, somewhat coriaceous and shining. Axillary racemes 1 to 3in. long, the terminal one longer. Flowers 4 to 5 lines long, on short pedicels, the clusters rather crowded. Standard broadly ovate ; wings and keel scarcely shorter, but narrow-oblong. Ovules usually 4 to 6, all in the lower part of the ovary. Pod very flat and thin, 1 to 14in. long, very obtuse at both ends so as to become nearer square than round, but very oblique, sometimes as broad as long, but in some varieties narrower. Seeds 1 or 2. — Ponrjamia uliginosa, DC. Prod. ii. 416.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Cape York, W. Hill.
Common in E. India and the Archipelago, extending from S.E. Africa to S. China. —Benth.
3. D. koolgibberah (aboriginal name of Mulgrave River), Bail. Rep. Bellenden-Ker Exped. 1889. A woody climber, attaining a considerable height, densely covered by soft ferruginous hairs, particularly on the branches and inflorescence. Leaflets usually 7, broadly oblong, 3 to 5in. long, 2 to Bin. broad, rounded at the base to a petiolule of about 2 lines, very obtuse or slightly apiculate at the point, the terminal leaflet larger, the 6 or .3 primary veins on each side of the midrib and the cross-veins usually prominent, midrib and primary veins with rusty hairs on both sides, upper surface somewhat glossy, under surface with a pale soft pubescence. Inflorescence in narrow panicles 10 to 18in. long, the side branches very numerous, about Bin. long, the upper half densely covered by the flower. Pedicels very short, bracteoles close under the calyx. Flowers singly, not in pairs or clusters but very close together, slightly rosy. Calyx campanulate, dark, velvety, with obscure teeth, 14 line deep. Standard orbicular, with small indexed auricles at the base on a very short claw, rcbout 4 lines diameter, velvety on the back ; wings slightly shorter and more or less adhering to and incurved with the keel, and densely velvety. Upper stamen shortly free at the base, united with the other in the middle. Pod densely
446
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
[I) err is.
clothed with rusty-brown hairs under 2in. long and about Un. wide, somewhat pointed at each end, prominently winged along the upper suture, 1 -seeded, but only immature pods seen.
Hab.: Border of scrubs along the Mulgrave River.
In some respects this Queensland plant approaches D. ferruginca, Benth., of E. India.
71. PONGAMIA, Vent.
(From its Indian name.)
Calyx truncate. Standard orbicular, with indexed auricles at the base ; keel slightly incurved, obtuse. Upper stamen free at the base, connate with the others in a tube in the middle ; anthers uniform. Ovary nearly sessile, with 2 ovules ; style incurved, stigma small, terminal. Pod broadly and obliquely
oblong or slightly falcate, thick but flat, 1 -seeded, indehiscent, the sutures obtuse, without wings. Seed reniform. — Tree. Leaves pinnate, without stipell®.
Flowers in axillary racemes. Bracts very deciduous ; bracteoles minute or none.
The genus is limited to a single species widely diffused over tropical Asia.
1. P. glabra (without hairs), Vent. Jard. Malm,, t. 28 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 273. Karum Oil tree or Poonga Oil tree. Glabrous except a very slight pubescence on the inflorescence. Leaflets 5 or 7, ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, usually broad, about 3in. long, on a rather long petiole, but variable in size. Racemes loose, about 3 to 5in. long. Flowers in pairs, the pedicels 2 to 4 lines long. Standard about ^in. diameter, lower petals shorter. Pod usually 1J to 2in. long and about lin. broad, sessile or nearly so, often somewhat falcate or with a very short incurved point. — Benth. Syn. Dalb. 117.
Hab.: Cape York and Fitzroy Island, M‘Gillivray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy.
Var. minor. Leaflets small and narrow. — Gulf of Carpentaria, Leichhardt ; Cape Grafton, A. Cunningham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
The species occurs throughout southern India on the coast and plains to the foot of the hills, and is abundant in the Archipelago. — Benth.
Dr. T. L. Bancroft found all parts of the plant to contain a principle of considerable activity as an emetic.
Stems used for poisoning water for fish. — Roth.
Wood yellow, close-grained, tough, and prettily marked. Might be used for chair-making, but readily attacked by insects. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 120.
72. SOPHORA, Linn.
(From its Arabic name.)
Calyx-teeth very short. Standard broad, erect or reflexed ; wings oblong, erect, free ; keel-petals like the wingr; or rather larger, overlapping each other at the back, but scarcely united. Stamens 10, free, or 9 of them slightly connected in a ring at the base ; anthers uniform. Ovary shortly stipitate, with several ovules ; style incurved, with a minute terminal stigma. Pod moniliform, fleshy, coriaceous or woody, indehiscent or opening at length in 2 valves, each seed enclosed in a separate cell. Seeds globular, oblong or flattened ; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle very short and straight or more or less elongated and indexed. — Trees, shrubs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate, without stipellae or with very small setaceous ones. Stipules small. Mowers white, yellow or rarely violet-blue, in racemes either simple and terminal or forming large terminal panicles. Bracts small, deciduous ; bracteoles usually none.
The genus is dispersed over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World, extending also into New Zealand and S. Chili, where it assumes the form distinguished by some as a genus
Sophora.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
447
under the name of Edicardsia, with a shorter standard and exserted stamens. The two Australian species belong to the true Sophoras, with a larger standard and the stamens enclosed in the keel. One is a common tropical seacoast tree or shrub, the other is endemic. — Benth.
Hoary. Leaflets under 18, broadly ovate or orbicular, rather thick . . . . 1. S. tomentosa.
Softly pubescent. Leaflets above 20, oval-oblong, thin 2. S. Fraseri.
1. S. tomentosa (cottony), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 95; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 274. A tall shrub or small tree, hoary all over with a minute close tomentum. Leaflets 11 to 17, broadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse or retuse, about lin. long or rather more, rather thick and sometimes almost silky, rarely becoming glabrous. Flowers pale yellow, in loose simple terminal racemes ; pedicels as long as the calyx. Calyx very broad, about 3 lines long, truncate with scarcely prominent teeth. Standard broad, 9 to 10 lines diameter, spreading or reflexed above the middle ; wings and keel rather shorter, covering the stamens. Pod indehiscent, much contracted between the seeds, appearing to consist of 5 to 10 nearly globular articles, each enclosing a globular seed with a hard shining testa ; radicle scarcely prominent and straight. — Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. Pap. 314, t. 124, with the synonymy there cited.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, Broadsound, &c., Ii. Brown; on the seacoast and adjoining islands, from the Brisbane to the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller, M'Gillivray, Fitzalan, Henne, and others.
2. S. Fraseri (after Chas. Fraser), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 274. An erect shrub of 4 to 6ft., the branches softly pubescent or tomentose, more slender than in 8. tomentosa. Leaflets 21 to 31, oblong or rarely oval, obtuse or retuse, from under fin. to about fin. long, rather thin, pubescent. Flowers rather smaller than in S. tomentosa, in similar loose terminal simple racemes. Calyx broad, 2 to 2f lines long ; the teeth prominent though very short and broad. Petals and stamens of S. tomentosa, except that 9 of the stamens appear to be very shortly connected in a ring at the base. Pod tomentose, much less contracted between the seeds than in S. tomentosa, the articles more oblong. Seeds ovoid-oblong, shining ; radicle prominent and slightly incurved. — Calpurnia lasioyyna, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 31.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fraser; Murrum-Murrum Creek, Leichhardt; Pine River, Fitzalan; Ipswich, Nernst.
73. PODOPETALUM, F. v. M.
(Alluding to the long claws of petals.)
Calyx with 5 short deltoid teeth of equal length, the 2 upper ones approximate, all slightly overlapping in the bud. Petals all free, the upper renate bulging towards the middle, tapering into a moderately long claw, the 4 other petals rather longer than the upper one, spathular or orbicular, obovate, almost equilateral, attenuated into a long claw. Stamens 10, free. Anthers oblong. Disk adnate, half the height of the calyx-tube, 10-furrowed. Style filiform at first, involute. Stigma terminal, very minute. Ovary long, stipitate, narrow, without partitions inside. Ovules 6 or 7. Pod stipitate, 3 or 4in. long. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets large, lanceolate, fin. broad, veined. Seeds red. Stipules deciduous or obliterated ; stipelles none. Flowers pink, in racemose panicles. Bracts minute, deltoid, persistent ; bracteoles rudimentary. — F. v. M. Melb. Chemist and Druggist, June 1882.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Queensland. Readily separated from Castanospermum by its terminal inflorescence, by the not almost toothless calyx, and by the petals not being extremely short-clawed. From Sophora it differs in its longer clawed petals, none of which are dimidiated or auriculated. — F. v. M., l.c.
1. P. Ormondi (after Hon. Francis Ormond), F. v.M. l.c. “ Belgo-belgo ” of Barron River natives, E. Cowley. A small tree, branches, often rough with lenticelp, somewhat flattened. Leaves opposite or sub-opposite, impari-pinnate ;
448
XL11I. LEGtJMINOSiE.
[Podopetalum.
leaflets coriaceous on the flowering branchlets, 5 to 7, about 3in. long and ljin. broad, tapering to short petiolules. Inflorescence at the ends of the branchlets, sometimes forming broad panicles. Calyx coriaceous, persistent under the pod. Pod stipitate, 3 or 4in. long, fin. broad; sides with a few prominent veins, slightly constricted between the seeds. Seeds from 1 to 4, oblong, red, 5 lines long, with a small hilum.
Hab.: On the borders of rivers in tropical Queensland.
74. CASTANOSPERMUM, A. Cunn.
(Chestnut-seeded.)
Calyx-teeth very short and broad. Standard obovate-orbicular, recurved, narrowed into a claw ; wings and keel-petals shorter than the standard, all free and nearly similar, erect, oblong. Stamens 10, all free ; anthers linear, versatile. Ovary on a long stipes, with several ovules, tapering into an incurved style ; stigma small, terminal. Pod large, coriaceous, almost woody, turgid, 2-valved, spongy inside. Seeds large, nearly globular ; cotyledons thick ; radicle scarcely prominent, straight. — Tree. Leaves large, unequally pinnate. Flowers large, yellow, in loose axillary or lateral racemes. Bracts small ; bracteoles none.
The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia.
1. C. australe (Australian), A. Cunn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 241, t. 51, 52 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 275. Moreton Bay Chestnut or Bean Tree. “ Mi,” Brisbane, T. Petrie-, “ Ivo-par,” Cooktown, Both.-, “Ivoonmurri,” Bundaberg, Keys ; “ Wac-kay,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. A tall glabrous tree. Leaves 1 to 14ft. long; leaflets 11 to 15, ovate-elliptical or broadly oblong, shortly acuminate, 3 to 5in. long, shortly petiolulate. Racemes 2 or 3 or to 5 or Gin. long, nearly or quite sessile, usually on the old leafless wood. Pedicels 1 to 14in. long. Calyx coriaceous, campanulate, J to fin. long, lobes 5, short and broad, the 2 upper ones more widely separated and shorter than the others, all incurved. Standard obovate, prominently emarginate or 2-lobed, tapering to a rather broad claw, 1 to 14in. long., and when fully expanded lin. broad, wings and keel petals imbricate, erect, fin. longer than the calyx-tube, oblong, all the petals thick-coriaceous, changing from a greenish-yellow to a deep orange. Stamens 10, all free, incurved, the longer ones lfin. Anthers linear, versatile, 2 lines long. Ovary on a long stipes, with several ovules, tapering into an incurved style. Stigma minute. Pod 8 or 9in. long, about 2in. broad, slightly falcate, almost terete, the valves hard and thick, the spongy substance inside dividing it into 3 to 5 cells, each containing a large chestnut-like seed.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham , F. v. Mueller ; Pine River, Fitzalan ; also in the scrubs of tropical Queensland. Flowering in November.
Var. brevivexillum. This variety differs from the normal form in that its flowers are smaller and qf a canary-yellow, and the standard shorter than the wings and keel-petals, of nearly the form of these, and hut slightly recurved. Stamens nearly straight.
A plate showing the above forms is given in Ql. Agri. Journ. vol. i., part 6.
The beans of this tree are eaten by marsupials, and in limes of scarcity of food by the Australian blacks, after preparation by soaking in water, pounding, and baking. A small piece of the bean if eaten causes severe diarrhoea, with intense griping ; it does this whether it has been previously soaked in water or even roasted. No poisonous substance is removed by water. No parts of the plant are bitter. The purgative property of the bean is probably due to its indigestibility. — T. L. Bancroft.
This tree exudes a light-brown gum, which contains 15-4% of arabin, 64-4% of metarabin, and traces of a yellow colouring matter. — Lauterer.
The bli"ht fungi Asterina platystoma, Cke. and Mass., and Myriocephalum castanospermi, Cke. and Mass., often injure the leaflets of this tree.
Wood with usually a large quantity of dark-coloured heartwood, prized by cabinetmakers and turners • the outer wood of a yellow colour. The wood shrinks very much in drying. The foliage is thought to he deleterious to stock should they browse on it in times of drought. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 122.
XLIII. LEGUMLNOSiE.
449
75. BARKLYA, F. v. M.
(After H. Barkly, a Governor of Victoria.)
Calyx-teeth very short and obtuse. Petals all free, obovate, erect, similar and nearly equal, on long claws, the upper outer one or standard rather broader than the others. Stamens 10, all free, longer than the petals ; anthers sagittate. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules, tapering into a short style with a minute terminal stigma. Pod stipitate, flat, the valves thin and scarcely separating. Seeds flat, albuminous ; cotyledons obovate, flat ; radicle indexed. —Tree. Leaves simple (unifoliolate), petiolate. Flowers small, yellow, in dense racemes. Bracts very small ; bracteoles none.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, approaching in habit and in the small regular flowers to some Ccesalpiniece allied to Bauhiuia , but with the floral aestivation and the embryo of Papilionacecc. — Benth.
1. B. syringifolia (Lilac-leaved), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 158, and Fragm. i, 109, t. 3 ; Benth. FI. Aastr. ii. 275. A handsome tree, attaining from 20 to 60ft., glabrous, or the young shoots and inflorescence rusty-tomentose. Leaves very broadly cordate, ( shortly acuminate, 2, 3, or even 4in. long, and often as broad as long, entire, 5 to 7-nerved, on a petiole of 1 to 2in., slightly thickened at the base and at the top. Stipules small, ovate, deciduous. Flowers of a bright golden yellow, in dense racemes of 6 to 9in., forming handsome terminal panicles. Pedicels short. Calyx about 2 lines long. Petal-claws rather longer than the calyx, the lamina about as long. Ovary glabrous, with 3 or 4 ovules. Pod oblong-lanceolate, oblique or slightly falcate, 1J to 2in. long and about Jin. broad, narrowed at the base, with 1 or 2 seeds.
Hab.: Near Brisbane, W. Hill, Fitzalan ; ltockhampton, Dallachy ; Wide Bay, Leichhardt.
Var. tortuosa. Is a stunted form with zigzag branches, reminding of Robinia Pseudo-acacia var. tortuosa. It was raised from seed by Mr. A. J. Hockings.
Wood blackish-grey, close in grain, very tough ; suitable for tool-handles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 123.
Suborder II. C^SALPINIEflE.
Flowers usually 5-merous, very rarely 4-merous or 3-merous, the sepals united at the base into a short tube, lined by the disk, bearing at its margin the petals and stamens, rarely forming a eampanulate or tubular calyx with the stamens near the base, as in Papilionacece, the free part of the sepals or lobes of the calyx imbricate or rarely valvate. Corolla irregular or nearly regular, either with the 5 (or 4 or 3) petals variously imbricate in the bud, but the upper one never outside and usually quite inside, or in genera not Australian, some or all of the four lower petals wanting. Stamens 10 or fewer, or in genera not Australian, indefinite, free or rarely more or less united, all perfect or several of them reduced to staminodia. Ovules anatropous or nearly so. Radicle of the embryo short and straight.
The tropical genera of this suborder are numerous, and have been distributed into several tribes, but these are not sufficiently marked to render it necessary to apply them to the few genera found in Australia. Barklya amongst Sophorece has the regular corolla of some Ccesalpiniece, but with the aestivation of Papilionacecc, and Erythrophlceum amongst Uimosecc has the imbricate aestivation of Ccesalpiniece, but in a very slight degree, with the inflorescence haracteristic of Mimosece. — Benth.
76. CzESALPINIA, Linn.
(After Dr. Caesalpinus.)
Sepals 5, shortly united at the base, much imbricated, the lowest one larger and concave. Petals 5, spreading, rather unequal, the upper inner one the smallest, the two lowest outer ones the largest. Stamens 10, free ; anthers uniform, ovate. Ovary with 2 or more ovules ; style subulate, with a small
450
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[ CtBsalpinia .
stigma. Pod flattened, obliquely ovate, oblong or broadly linear-falcate, without prickles, 2-valved. Seeds thick or flattened, with a very small hilum ; albumen none ; radicle short, straight. — Shrubs, trees or woody climbers, often armed with scattered recurved prickles. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers yellow, in racemes, either single in the upper axils or forming terminal panicles. Filaments more or less hairy at the base.
A considerable genus, spread over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. The
Australian species are both of them common Asiatic ones. — Benth.
Pubescent. Pinnaj 4 to 6. Leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong. Pod 2 to 3in.
long, and about l^in. broad. Seeds nearly round 1. C. Bonducella.
Glabrous. Pinnse 2 to 4 pairs. Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, ovate, rather acute.
Pod ovate, 1-seeded 2. C. nuga.
Pubescent or tomentose. Pinnae 6 to 8 pairs. Leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong, very obtuse. Pod oblong, 6 to 8-seeded 3. C. sepiaria.
1. C. Bonducella (from Arabic bondog, a necklace), lioxb. FI. hid. ii. 357. A shrub with loose spreading or climbing branches, pubescent or villous in all its parts, armed wflth numerous scattered hooked prickles, especially on the petioles. Leaves with a common petiole of 1 to l|ft., 4 to 7 distant pairs, each 4 to Gin. long; leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong, f to lin. long or rarely twice that size. Stipules lobed and leafy, deciduous. Racemes 4 to Gin. long, simple or branched in the upper axils. Flowers yellow, shortly pedicellate and crowded in the upper part. Bracts with a long recurved point. Calyx about 4 lines long. Petals scarcely longer. Pod 2 to 3in. long, about liin. broad. Seeds large, glabrous or ovoid, of a bluish-grey or lead colour. — Guilandina Bonducella, Linn.; Benth. in FI. Austr. ii. 276.
Hab.: Tropical coastal scrubs.
Widely spread and often very common, especially near the sea, in tropical Asia, Africa, and America. It is usually confounded with G. Bonduc, Linn., which is a much rarer plant, although equally found, indigenous or introduced, in East India, in the Archipelago, and in the West Indies. It is nearly glabrous, has usually larger leaflets, no stipules; the bracts are erect, not recurved, and the seeds are said to be yellow, not grey. It remains to be ascertained how far these differences are constant. — Benth.
2. C. nuga (the Xuga Brasiletto), Ait.; DC. Prod. ii. 481 ; Benth. FI. Amir. ii. 277. A woody climber, glabrous in all its parts, armed with a few scattered recurved prickles, especially on the petioles. Pinnse 2, 3, or 4 pairs ; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs to each pinna, ovate, If to 2in. long, usually rather acute, but occasionally obtuse, coriaceous and shining. Racemes 4 to Sin. long, forming large terminal panicles. Pedicels slender. Lowest sepal about 5 lines long, the others shorter. Petals scarcely exceeding the lowest sepal. Ovary with 2 ovules. Pod obliquely oval, acuminate, flat, with coriaceous valves. Seed usually solitary, flat, broad. — C. paniculata, Desf.; DC. Prod. ii. 481 ; Wight, Ic. t. 36.
Hab.: Barnard Islands, M'Gillivray.
Generally distributed over E. India and the Archipelago, extending to S. China.
3. *C. sepiaria (used for forming hedges), Roxb.; W. and Am. Prod. 282 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 277. A woody climber, the branches, petioles and racemes more or less tomentose or pubescent and armed with numerous scattered recurved prickles. Pinnae 6 to 10 pairs ; leaflets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong, very obtuse, rarely exceeding fin. in length, pubescent or villous when young, often glabrous when old. Stipules broad and semisagittate, but very deciduous, or sometimes none. Flowers numerous, yellow, in axillary and terminal racemes of 5 or Gin. Pedicels longer than the calyx. Bracts ovate, acute, very deciduous. Lowest sepal about 5 lines long. Petals about 6 lines. Ovary with several ovules. Pod oblong-
Pl . XV
TxTe^oriejJcrurny Z> r a chyrarp urns, 3en.&v. arixL;
Me^on euTurny S co r- te^hirixi > T.v.M.
GwlZith/s Pftict
JirifbanA. 4
F.C.WHU.
Ceesalpinia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
451
linear, 2 to 3in. long and nearly lin. broad, rounded at the end, with a long narrow point, glabrous. Seeds 6 to 8, ovoid, thick, the hilum very small at one end. — Wight, Ic. t. 37.
H ib.: Naturalised in many parts of Queensland.
An E. Indian species, much planted for hedges, and now naturalised in the W. Indies and many other tropical countries. — Benth.
77. MEZONEURUM, Desf.
(Referring to the pod having a nerve at the middle )
Sepals 5, shortly united at the base, much imbricated, the lowest one larger and concave. Petals 5, spreading, rather unequal, the upper inner one the smallest, the 2 outer lower ones the largest. Stamens free ; anthers uniform, ovate or oblong. Ovary with 2 or more ovules ; style subulate, with a very small terminal stigma. Pod quite flat, very thin or coriaceous, indehiscent or opening tardily in 2 valves, the upper suture bordered by a wing. Seeds very flat, reniform or orbicular, with a small lateral hilum ; albumen none. — Woody climbers (or rarely erect?), sparingly armed with small prickles, usually only at the base of the pinnae of the leaves. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers (yellow?) in racemes, either simple in the upper axils or forming large terminal panicles. Filaments glabrous or slightly hairy.
The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa, with 2 Australian species which appear to be endemic.
Stems with several longitudinal flanges of cork. Leaflets oblong or oval,
about 4 lines long. Pods rhomboid-ovate, acute, 1 to ljin. long . . . 1. M. brachycarpum.
Stems without corky flanges. Leaflets distant, oblong-elliptic, lin. long,
Jin. broad. Pods rhomboid-orbicular, 1J to 2in. diameter 2. M. Scortechinii.
1. 2 Ml. brachycarpum (short pods), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 278. “ Bowar,”
Nanango, Shirley. Tall, rambling or climbing, the stems and branches bearing lines of cork flanges, and with the petioles tomentose-pubescent, unarmed except a minute prickle under each raceme and a rather larger recurved one under each pinna of the leaf. Leaves often above lft. long ; pinnte 3 to 8 pairs, each 3 to lin. long; leaflets 4 to 10 pairs, ovate oblong, nearly or quite sessile, about 4 lines long, glabrous above, pubescent underneath. Racemes paniculate, about Gin. long, clothed with a golden-yellow pubescence ; pedicels very short. Flowers much smaller than in the rest of the genus, the calyx-lobes not above 2 lines long and the petals scarcely exceeding them. Filaments rather longer, slightly bearded at the base. Style filiform, with a slightly dilated stigma. Ovules 2 (or sometimes 3 ?). Pod rhomboid-ovate, acute, about from 1 to ljin. long, with a narrow wing along the upper suture. Seeds blue, flat, reniform, hilum small.
Hab.: River-side scrubs south of Brisbane.
2. IYI. Scortechinii (after Rev. B. Scortechinii), F. v. M. in Winy's South. Sri. Her. ii. 73. Stem cylindrical, greenish, covered with a slight mealy tomen- tum. Leaves consisting of 14 or less pairs of pinnae. Rhachis very slightly downy, with broad, somewhat decurrent, recurved opposite prickles, usually at the base of the pinnae. Pinules rather densely short-hairy, the lowest with 8 to 10, the others with 14 to 13 leaflets; the latter obovate or verging to elliptic, rather distant, lin. long, Jin. broad, of thin structure, on very short petiolules, inequilateral towards the base, above nearly glabrous, beneath paler with very short and appressed hairs. Racemes many-flowered, forming a long panicle; the rhachis, bracts, and petiolules clothed with a short brown tomentum ; petiolules not much shorter than the calyces, jointed below the summit, about as long as the narrowly semi-lanceolar finely acuminated bracts; calyces anteriorly very oblique and almost truncate at the base ; lateral and upper segments of the calyx
452
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Mezoneuruw
oblong, somewhat shorter than the lower canalicular-cymbiform blunt segments, all short-hairy at the back. Petals yellow, hardly longer than the calyx, bearded inside towards tho base, their lamina obovate, the claw of the upper petal rather elongate, of the others very short ; stamens shortly exserted. Filaments bearded along their lower half ; anthers ovate. Style and ovary glabrous ; ovules 2. Pod from 1^ to 2in. diameter, almost flat, obliquely rhomboid-orbicular, obtuse, some- what cartilaginous ; the ventral suture bordered by a broadish-linear firm membrane. Seed solitary, on an exceedingly short funicle, orbicular, opaque- greenish. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: South and north of Brisbane.
Wood of the climbing steins close-grained and tough, of a brown colour. Given in Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods as M. brachyearpum, No. 123a ; the stems of which species as now understood are much smaller.
78. PTEROLOBIUM, R. Br.
(Pods winged.)
Sepals 5, united in a cup at the base, much imbricate, the lowest longer and concave. Petals 5, spreading, the 2 lowest rather larger than the others. Stamens 10, free ; anthers ovate, uniform. Ovary sessile, with a single ovule. Style filiform or slightly clavate, with a truncate stigma. Pod sessile, samaroid, the lower seed-bearing part obliquely ovate or lanceolate, indehiscent, ending in an oblique oblong or falcate membranous wing. Seed attached near the apex of the cell, flat, without albumen. — Trees or woody climbers, armed with scattered hooked prickles, especially at the base of the pinnas of the leaves. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in racemes, either simple or forming terminal panicles. Filaments usually bearded.
The genus contains very few species, dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa. The Australian one is endemic, but not quite certain as to its genus until the fruit has been seen.— Benth.
1. F. nitens (shining), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 279. A handsome woody climber, the branchlets and rhachis of the leaves minutely rusty-pubescent. Prickles very small, except under the pinnte of the leaves. Pinnae 3 to 5 pairs ; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, obliquely obovate or almost rhomboid, very obtuse, rarely exceeding |in., shining above, glabrous or ciliate on the edge. Racemes rusty-pubescent, apparently paniculate ; pedicels much shorter than in the other species, scarcely exceeding 1 line. Flowers rather small. Calyx lower lobe considerably longer than the others. Filaments bearded at the base. Style slightly clavate. Fruit not seen.
Hab.: Mount Mueller, near Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; Wide Bay, Leichhardt, and Rock- hampton, Thozet (F. v. M.)
Although I have not seen the fruit, the 1-ovulate ovary, bearded stamens and style, leave little doubt that this belongs to Pterolobium. — Benth.
79. PELTOPHORUM, Vog.
(Shield-bearing ; form of stigma.)
(Ca:salpinia, sect. Brasilettia, DC.)
Sepals 5, united in a cup at the base, much imbricate, nearly equal or the lowest rather larger and more concave. Petals 5, spreading, undulate, the two lower outer ones rather larger than the others. Stamens 10, free ; anthers uniform, oblong-linear. Ovary sessile, with 2 or more ovules ; style filiform, with a broad peltate stigma. Pod oblong-lanceolate, thin and flat, indehiscent, tapering at the base, the margin thin and faintly marked within them by a longi- tudinal nerve but not distinctly winged. Seeds 1, 2 or rarely more, very flat,
Peltophorum.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
453
without albumen. — Tall hard-woodecl trees, without prickles. Leaves twice pinnate, with numerous leaflets. Flowers yellow, in racemes forming terminal panicles.
The genus consists of two or three tropical American species, one in S.E. Africa, and one or perhaps two in the Indian Archipelago, one of which is the Australian one. — Benth.
1. P. ferrugineum (referring to the rusty covering), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 279. A large tree, the young branches petioles and inflorescence densely rusty- tomentose. Pinnte of the leaves 8 to 10 pairs ; leaflets 10 to 20 pairs or fewer on the lowest pinnas, oblong, very obtuse or retuse, oblique at the base, to fin. long, shining above, minutely rusty-tomentose underneath. Racemes 5 or 6in. long or more, forming a large terminal panicle. Pedicels very short. Bracts small, lanceolate, deciduous. Calyx 4 to 5 lines long, globular before opening. Petals rather longer, obovate, undulate, villous at the base. Pod about 3 to 4in. long, f to nearly lin. broad, shortly acuminate, narrowed at the base, glabrous or nearly so, with 1, 2, or 3 seeds. — Casalpinici ferruginea, Dene. Herb. Tim. Descr. 134 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1, part i. Ill and 1081 ; C. arhorea, Zoll. in Miq. l.c. 112.
Hab.: Queensland, F. v. Mueller (without locality).
In the Archipelago from Timor to the Philippines. Some Malacca specimens, perhaps belonging to a different although closely allied species, have the pods twice as long, with 3 or 4 seeds. — Benth.
80. *PARKINSONIA, Linn.
(After John Parkinson, a botanist of the seventeenth century.)
Calyx divided nearly to the base into 5 subequal membranous, slightly imbricate segments. Petals 5, spreading stamens 10, free, scarcely decimate ; filaments pilose at the base ; anthers uniform, elliptical, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary narrowed to the base, 8 to 10-ovulate ; style subfiliform, recurved in bud ; stigma terminal, minute. Pod narrow-linear, narrowed to each end, usually constricted between the subdistant longitudinally-disposed seeds, thinly coriaceous, longitudinally reticulate-striate, scarcely or not at all dehiscent. Seeds 1 to 6 or 8, oblong or subcylindrical, albuminous. — Shrub or tree. Leaves bipinnate ; pinnae 2 to 4, with the rhachis much elongate, flattened, bearing numerous small oblong or linear, opposite or scattered leaflets, which are occasionally abortive ; common petiole very short or obsolete, spine pointed, the pinnae appearing as very long simply pinnate geminate or fascicled leaves at first sight. Flowers in lax axillary racemes, yellow ; bracts early caducous.
A genus of 3 species (1 Cape and 2 American).
1. P. aculeata (prickly), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 486. .Jerusalem Thorn of the West Indies. A glabrous bush or small tree, armed with sharp woody spines, which represent the primary rhachis of a bipinnate leaf, and have 2 to 6 pinnae congested in their axils. Pinnae 6 to 12in. long, the rhachis much flattened, so that when the very minute obtuse oblanceolate leaflets have fallen or are not developed they resemble the phyllodes of an acacia. Racemes lax, shorter than the leaves. Pedicels long, slender, erecto-patent. Corolla tender, yellow, about Jin. Pod 3 to 4in. long.
Hab.: This South American plant was first introduced for the purpose of hedge-making, but has strayed out in a few localities.
81. CASSIA, Linn.
(The Greek Kasia of Dioscorides.)
(Cathartoearpus, D. Don.)
Sepals 5, somewhat unequal, much imbricate, the outer ones the smallest, scarcely connected at the base. Petals 5, spreading, nearly equal or the lower outer ones rather larger. Stamens usually 10, free, either all nearly equal and
454
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[ Cassia .
perfect or 2 or 8 lower ones larger or on longer filaments, and 3 or 4 upper ones reduced to small staminodia ; anthers when perfect opening at the end in pores or in short lateral slits. Ovary with several ovules, incurved, tapering into a short style. Pod cylindrical or flat, indehiscent or 2-valved. Seeds oblong or oboyate, transverse, with fleshy albumen ; cotyledons flat or rarely folded, usually cordate ; radicle short, straight. — Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets opposite. Flowers yellow or very rarely reddish-purple or white, in axillary or terminal racemes or solitary. Bracts usually deciduous. Bracteoles none.
A large genus, widely distributed within the tropical and subtropical regions of both the New and the Old World, but particularly numerous in America. Of the Queensland ones, many are endemic. The genus is divided into several sections, founded chiefly upon the fruit; but as some are only represented in Australia by single species, and the perfect pod rarely accompanies the specimens, the chief divisions in the following synopsis are, for convenience, selected also from other characters. — Benth. (in part).
A. Flowers in pedunculate racemes or umbels, either axillary or forming a terminal panicle or compound raceme. (The Australian species all shrubs or trees).
Stamens 7 perfect, of which 2 or 3 lower ones larger or on longer filaments ; 3 small and imperfect staminodia.
Lower stamens with long filaments and short ovate anthers, the other perfect ones with oblong-linear anthers. Pod very long and thick, with horizontal seeds (Cathartocarpus) 1. C. Breusteri.
Perfect anthers all oblong-linear, the lower ones longer.
Racemes short, almost corymbose, axillary or in a narrow terminal panicle. Pod thick or turgid. Seeds mostly horizontal.
(Chamaefistula.)
Leaflets 4 to 5 pairs. Petiole with obtuse gland near base.
Pod flattened (Annual) 2. C. occidentalis.
Pod with a broad longitudinal wing on each valve 3. C. alata.
Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, with glands between those of each pair, but
none on the petiole below 4. C. Icevigata.
Leaflets 4 to 10 pairs, with a gland at the base of the petiole, but
none between the leaflets 5. C. Sopliera.
Racemes elongated, on long axillary peduncles. Bracts large, deciduous. Pod very flat. (Chamssenna.)
Glabrous. Leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, large, broad, very obtuse, reticu- late. Stipules ovate. Bracts broad, obtuse 6. C. magnifolia.
Pubescent. Leaflets 9 to 15 pairs, oblong or ovate, obtuse,
mucronate. Stipules ovate-cordate, acuminate, rigid. Bracts broad, obtuse 7. C. venusta.
Pubescent. Leaflets 9 to 15 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
mucronate. Stipules narrow. Bracts acuminate 8. C. notabilis.
Glabrous. Leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, oblong-linear. Stipules small,
subulate. Bracts broad, obtuse 9. C. pleurocarpa.
Stamens 10, all with oblong-linear perfect anthers, all equal or the lower ones rather longer. (Psilorhegrma.)
Glands between the leaflets (at least of the lowest pair) oblong, subulate or stipitate, very rarely wanting.
Bracts acuminate.
Glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, obovate.
Bracts lanceolate, often rather broad 10. C. glauca.
Softly pubescent. Leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, obovate or cuneate, mostly
emarginate. Bracts very narrow 11. C. retusa.
Bracts small, broad, obtuse. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate or linear.
Leaflets usually 6 to 10 pairs 12. C. australis.
Leaflets usually 3 to 5 pairs 13. C. Cliatelainiana.
Glands between the leaflets sessile, flat, obscure or none (ovoid in C. leptoclada).
Glabrous or glaucous. Stipules leafy, semicordate. Leaflets usually
3 to 5 pairs 14. C. pruinosa.
Glabrous, glaucous, hoary, or wbite-tomentose. Stipules small, subulate, or none. Flowers in very short corymbose racemes.
Leaves all simple, phyllodineous. Glands none or on the upper edge about the middle.
Leaves usually slender and green. Peduncles 1 or 2-flowered.
Pod very much curved or annular 15. C. circinata.
PL.XVI.
Cassvx/ Ij t yjays ter i/, T. vl/f £ veers.
(rov}l.it]u> .
Jirirhans.. <’/
F.C . WzLU.
fWfl.] XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE. 455
Leaves usually thick, hoary or white, vertically compressed.
Peduncles several-flowered. Pod straight or slightly curved . 10. G. phyllodima. Leaflets 1 or more pairs, rarely none in the lower leaves and then the phyllodineous petiole has a gland at the end.
Leaflets mostly 1 or 2 pairs, terete or linear 17. C. eremophila.
Leaflets mostly 3 to 6 pairs, linear-terete, channelled above . . 18. C. artemisioides.
Leaflets mostly 3 to 6 pairs, linear-lanceolate, cuneate, elliptical
or almost obovate 19. C. Sturtii.
Leaflets 1, 2, or rarely 3 pairs, ovate, obovate, or broadly oblong.
Pod not above Jin. broad 20. G. desolata.
Leaflets 2 or rarely 1 pair, broadly obovate. Pod nearly fin.
broad, very obtuse 21. G. oligophylla.
Softly pubescent. Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, elliptical-oblong. Stipules
small, setaceous. Flowers in an umbel of 4 to 6 22. C. oligoclada.
Glabrous and glaucous. Stems slender. Leaflets 2 pairs, obovate or
oblong. Glands ovoid. Stipules minute. Peduncles 2-flowered . 23. C. leptoclada.
B. Floivers in simple racemes, either terminal or becoming lateral by the elongation of the branch. Stamens 5 to 10, all perfect. Pod flat. (Absus.j
Herbaceous. Leaflets 2 pairs, obovate 24. C. Absus.
C. Peduncles 1-flowcred, solitary or 2 or 3 together in or just above the axils. Stamens 5 to 10, all perfect. Pod flat. (Chamascrista.)
Leaflets usually under 12 pairs. Gland stipitate below the lowest pair.
Sepals rather obtuse. Anthers 5.
Petals scarcely longer than the calyx. Stigma peltate 25. G. pumila.
Petals twice as long as the calyx. Stigma small 26. C concinna.
Leaflets above 20 pairs. Sepals very acute. Anthers 6 to 10 27. G. mimosoides.
Section I. Cathartocarpus. — Sepals obtuse. Stamens 10, 8 or 4 upper ones small ancl imperfect ; 5 or 4 equal, perfect, with short filaments and oblong -or linear anthers, opening in terminal pores and sometimes also in short slits ;
2 or 3 lower ones with long filaments and short ovate anthers opening on the inner face in short slits. Pod long, hard, thick or terete usually indehiscent. Seeds more or less flattened and lying horizontally in the pod (the flat sides at right angles to the valves), separated by complete partitions. — Usually trees. Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes.
1. C. Brewsteri (after David Brewster), F. v. M. 4th Ann. Bep. 17 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 282. A shrub or small tree, attaining 30 to 40ft., usually glabrous in all its parts. Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, from narrow ovate or obovate and about fin. long to narrow-oblong or oblong-lanceolate and 2in. long, obtuse or emarginate, narrowed at the base, the common petiole without glands. Racemes
3 to Gin. long. Bracts minute or none. Pedicels slender. Sepals about 3 lines long. Petals stipitate, narrow-ovate, rather obtuse, about 4 lines long. Fila- ments of the 3 long lower stamens longer than the petals, swollen into a globular appendage about the middle, with ovate anthers, the other stamens shorter than the petals. Pod often exceeding 1ft. long, about 12 lines wide, thick but slightly compressed, the edges persistent after the inside has fallen away. Seeds thick, ovoid, the testa pulpy when soaked ; albumen copious. — Cathartocarpus Brewsteri, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 110.
Hab : Hilly pastures and river banks on the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Port Denison and Fitzroy River, Bowman ; Clermont.
Wood pale-yellow, close-grained, and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 124.
Var. sylvestris (of the woods), Bail. Bot. Bull. 3 ( C. Fistula, var. silvestris, Rumph. Herbarium Amboinense ii. 88, pi. 22), A tree of medium size, erect trunk with dark rough bark ; branchlets angular, nearly glabrous. Leaves linear in outline, slightly hoary ; leaflets of about 8 or 9 pairs, broadly ovate, the terminal ones 2Jin. long, slightly glossy on the upper surface, pale beneath, on short petiolules. Flowers as above. Pod glabrous, glossy dark-brown, about ljft. long, and about Jin. broad and nearly as thick, compressed, cylindric, deeply indented between the seeds, suture margin entire and straight, about 1 line broad, internal arrangement as above. Seed not so glossy as the first form, roundish, about 3
Part ii. K
456
XLIir. LEGUMINOS^R.
|" ( yassia.
lines long. Hab.: Kamerunga, Barron River, K. Cowley.— Dr. G. E. Rutnphius, in Herbarium Amboinensis, vol. ii. 88, seems to think the tree might be called “ The Old Man’s Consolation Tree, ’ for, although it is not known to possess medicinal properties, yet the long tough flexible pods have a use, for the old men beat their backs with them, to keep their backs from becoming stiff — Wood of a golden-brown colour, close-grained, and would be likely to resist attack of white ants on account of its intense bitterness ; valuable wood for building and cabinet-work. Bailey’s Cat. Ql. IVoods No. 124b.
Var. Marksiana (after Hon. C. F. Marks), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. i. part 1. An erect tree of 50 or 60ft. , trunk 12 or more inches in diameter ; branchlets dark-coloured, fluted. Leaves 8 or 9in. long, bearing about 7 or 8 pairs of leaflets, glabrous except for a slight tomentum upon the rhachis ; leaflets from nearly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1 to 3 Jin. long, shortly petiolulate ; the leaves nearest to the flower racemes often of only 3 leaflets. Racemes terminal on the branchlets, about 3in. long. Flowers crowded, on slender pedicels ; bracts minute. Sepals oblong, 3 lines long, pubescent on the back. Petals yellow, 5 or 6 lines long, obtuse, tapering to the base, marked by a dark central and distant lateral veins. Stamens of the normal form. Pod about 1ft. long, 5 lines broad, nearly terete, dark glossy-brown, and marked with transverse ribs between the seeds. Hab.: Upper Nerang Creek. Foliage and wood, F. M. Bailey, 1886. Flowers, pod, and leaf, Hon. C. F. Marks, M.D.. Dec. 1896.— I saw trees of this form growing at the above locality when collecting timbers for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, but could not then obtain flowers or pods, and thinking that the distinction in foliage might be due to situation, had a log worked up, and gave it in the catalogue as var. tomentella. — Wood pinkish, close-grained, and tough. Bailey's Cat Ql. I Voocls No. 124a.
Var. tomentella, Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 282. Bean-tree of Obum Obum. An erect, slender- stemmed tree, 20 or 30ft. high ; the branches, under side of the leaflets, and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaflets short, broad, almost orbicular, shining on the face, very dark-green. Flowers rather small. Pod cylindrical, 1 to 2ft. long, Jin. diameter, bright reddish- brown. Hab.: Hill scrubs about Obum Obum.
The seeds of this and some other species of Fistula and Chamajistula appear to be flattened at right angles to the embryo, which, as in the other sections of Cassia, lies thus parallel to thd valves. In others, such as the African C. yoratensis, I have seen the cotyledons so folded as to have no particular relative position, but I have as yet been able to examine but very few perfect seeds in either of these sections. — Benth.
2. *C. OCCidentalis (western species), Linn. Spec. PI. 539; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 27 p. 532. Stem firmly herbaceous or woody below, annual or of two or three years’ duration, erect, often forming dense bushy masses, a few feet in height, glabrous or nearly so. Leaflets membranous, 4 to 5 pairs, ovate or elliptical-lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate, glabrous, minutely ciliolate or absolutely pubescent beneath, 1J to 2Jin. long, the upper varying to 3 or 4in.; common petiole without interpetiolular glands, but with a short obtuse gland near the base, black when dry. Stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, membranous, deciduous. Flowers in short few-flowered axillary racemes or fascicles, the peduncle and pedicels seldom exceeding lin., or towards the ends of the branches, the fascicles confluent, forming an interrupted terminal raceme; the leaves reduced or bract-like. Bracts thin, linear-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, deciduous. Sepals obtuse, glabrous or nearly so, the outer rather shorter. Petals obtuse, venose. Two anterior stamens larger, with slightly curved anthers Jin. long, shortly and broadly produced at the apex. Legume 2-valved, linear compressed, slightly falcate or straight, apiculate, rather coriaceous, margined with straight sutures, 3J to 5in. long, 3 or 4 lines broad ; the pericarp when dry usually depressed between the seeds, which are usually but not always flattened in the same plane as the pod. Cotyledons plane or nearly so, in the larger diameter of the seeds, enclosed between thick layers of album, en. — Oliver FI. Trop. Afr. ii. 274.
Hab.: Endeavour River, near Cooktown, Boht. M'Dougall, who sent it to Brisbane as a suspected poison herb.
This plant is probably of American origin, but now common in tropical America, Asia, Africa, and seems naturalised also in Queensland. Dr. Lindley, Flora Medica, 261, says “ The root greatly stimulates the lymphatic system, and is, therefore, very beneficial in obstructions and weakness of the stomach and incipient dropsy, against which disease it is used as a diuretic.”
Cassia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.F.
457
Section II. Cham^efistula. — Sepals obtuse. Stamens 10, 3 upper ones small and imperfect, 7 perfect, the 2 or 3 lower ones often larger or on longer filaments than the others ; anthers oblong-linear, the cells opening in terminal pores. Pod terete or turgid, or if compressed thick, woody coriaceous or membranous, indehiscent or 2-valved. Seeds some or all more or less flattened and lying horizontally in the pod (at right angles to the valves), separated hy complete or incomplete partitions or pulp. — Shrubs, or in species not Australian, tall herbs. Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes or terminal panicles.
3. *C. alata (winged), Linn; DC. Prod. ii. 492. A shrub attaining the height of 8 to 10ft., glabrous or subglabrous, the stipules deltoid, persistent. Leaves 1 to 2ft. long, rhachis acutely margined above when dry, glandular, with a prominent transverse ridge connecting the opposite leaflets Leaflets in 9 to 12 pairs, oblong, obtuse, 2 to Gin. long, minutely mucronate, rigidly subcoriaceous, with an oblique truncate base, subsessile or petiolulate. Racemea pedunculate, ^ to 1ft. long ; bracts large, membranous, f to lin. long, caducous, coloured, imbricate at first. Sepals coloured, membranous. Corolla yellow, veined. Stamens very unequal, the two anterior ones with enlarged strongly curved anthers. Pod membranous, linear, apiculate, 5 or Gin. long, about fin. broad, each valve with a very prominent crenate longitudinal wing extending the entire length of the valve. Seeds about 50, rhomboid-cuneate.
Hab : This widely spread tropical shrub has of late years become naturalised in the Barren Biver district. — E. Cowley.
4. C. laevigata (smooth -leaved), Willd.; Toy. Syn. Cass. 19 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 282. An erect glabrous shrub of several feet. Leaflets 3 or 4 or rarely 2 pairs, ovate to lanceolate, usually acuminate, If to Sin. long, with an oblong or slender gland between those of each pair. Racemes axillary, pedunculate, short and almost corymbose, the upper ones forming a short terminal panicle. Sepals unequal, the inner ones 4 or 5 lines long. Petals broad, very obtuse, varying from 4- to fin. Perfect anthers 4, almost sessile, 1 on a short and 2 on much longer filaments. Pod 2 to 3in. long, membranous or slightly coriaceous, cylindrical or more or less inflated when ripe, 2 to 3in. long, opening at length in 2 valves. Seeds crowded and horizontal or the upper ones less crowded and almost vertical. — F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 14.
Hab.: Near Brisbane, Kockingham Bay, F. v. Mueller.
A common species in tropical America, occurring also in tropical Africa, but probably introduced there and perhaps not really indigenous in Australia. — Benth.
5. C. Sophera (an Egyptian name), Linn.; Voy. Syn. Cass. 20, var. schini- folia (Pepistra-leaved) ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 288. An erect shrub or undershrub of several feet, usually glabrous. Leaflets 4 to 10 pairs, lanceolate, mostly acute, 1 to 2in. long, with an obovate or ovate acute gland on the petiole near the base. Racemes short and few-flowered, on short peduncles in the upper axils, and forming a narrow terminal almost raceme-like panicle. Sepals 3 to 4 lines long. Petals broad, obtuse. Perfect anthers, 2 larger than the others, all on short filaments. Pod 2 to 4in. long, at first flat but thick, when ripe terete or turgid, 2-valved. Seeds crowded and mostly or all horizontal. — C. schinifolia, A. DC. 7th Not. PI. Rar. Hort. Gen. 35 ; C. Barclayana, Sweet, FI. Austral, t. 32 ; Vog. Syn. Cass. 45 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 14.
Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; near Fort Cooper, Thozet; Moreton to Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, C. Stuart ; Ipswich, Nernst.
Var. puhescens. Branches, petioles, and inflorescence more or less pubescent. Petiolar gland occasionally disappearing. — Broadsound, It. Broivn, Bowman.
This species, in its glabrous form, is common in E. India and the Archipelago, and in tropical Africa. It is there often confounded with C. occidentalis, of which I had formerly considered it a variety, and under which it is included in Hooker and Thomson’s Indian distributions. The latter species is, however, annual, with the few leaflets of C. laviyata, but with the petiolar gland of C. Sophera, and the pod remains flat, although thick when ripe. — Benth.
4- 58
XLTII. LEGUMINOS.E.
[Cassia.
Section III. Cham.esenna. — Sepals obtuse. Stamens of Chamai fistula. Pod very Hat and thin. Seeds flattened parallel to the embryo, and lying vertically in the pod (parallel to the valves), separated by more or less complete partitions or thin pulp. Shrubs. Flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes or terminal panicles.
6. C. magnifolia (large-leaved), F. r. .17. Fragm. i. 166 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 288. Glabrous. Leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, broadly ovate, very obtuse and emarginate, broao and oblique at the base, 2 to Bin. long, coriaceous and strongly veined on both sides, the common petiole ^ to 1ft. long; glands between the leaflets obscure or none. Stipules persistent, ovate, the margins recurved at the base. Peduncles attaining 1ft. in length, rigid, bearing a raceme in the upper part. Bracteoles linear-lanceolate, near the calyx, fugaceous. Sepals oblong or oval, about 6 lines long. Petals ovate, veiny, slender- clawed, about 8 lines long. Fruiting pedicels lin. long. Pod very flat, 8 to 4in. long, fin. broad, glabrous, with thin valves. Seeds flat, on slender funicles ; albumen scanty.
Hub.: Clarke’s River and rocky granite ridges. Upper Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Chillagoe and Herberton, R. C. Burton. In flower January and February.
7. C. venusta (lovely), F. r. M. Fragm. i. 165; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 284. A tall shrub or small tree, the young parts softly silky-pubescent, or villous, becoming at length nearly glabrous. Leaflets 10 to 15 pairs, or in smaller specimens 7 to 10 pairs, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse and finely mucronate, .1 to 2in. long, very obliquely rounded at the base, rather coriaceous ; glands very small between the leaflets of most pairs. Stipules ovate-cordate, acuminate, rigid and persistent, especially at the base of the peduncles, the margins usually revolute at the base. Peduncles in the upper axils 4 to 1ft. long, rigid, bearing in their upper portion a raceme of flowers on short pedicels. Bracts membranous, orbicular, imbricate before flowering, but soon falling off. Sepals 5 to nearly 6 lines long. Petals rather longer. Perfect anthers 7 on short filaments, 2 of them nearly twice as large as the others, 3 small imperfect stamens. Ovary villous. Pod very flat, about Bin. long and |in. broad. Seeds flat, rather distant.
Hab.: Lake Nash, M. Costello ; North Queensland inland.
8. C. notabilis (notable), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 28 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 284. Villous with long soft hairs. Leaflets 9 to 15 pairs, ovate-lanceolate or oval- oblong, acute or the lower ones obtuse and mucronate, sessile, very obliquely rounded or truncate at the base, 1 to 141n. long ; glands very small between the leaflets of most of the pairs. Stipules narrow and deciduous. Racemes on elongated peduncles in the upper axils. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, very deciduous. Pedicels short. Sepals villous, about 3 lines long. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx. Perfect anthers 7 on very short filaments, of which 2 larger than the others ; 8 small imperfect stamens. Ovary glabrous. Pod 1 to Hin. long, very shortly stipitate, oblong-lanceolate.
Hab.: The sandy ridges of the Georgina River, E. J. Whelan.
9. C. pleurocarpa (pod ribbed), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 223 and ii. 182 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 284. A tall erect glabrous shrub. Leaflets usually 4 or 5 rather distant pairs, oblong-linear, H to 2in. long, rather thick ; glands none. Stipules small, subulate, deciduous. Flowers loosely racemose in the upper portion of axillary peduncles. Bracts membranous, broad, obtuse, very deciduous. Sepals thin, broad, 3 to 34- lines long. Petals unequal, rather longer than the calyx. Perfect anthers 7 on short filaments, 2 of them nearly twice as large as the others and incurved ; 3 small imperfect stamens. Ovary glabrous. Pod stipitate, flat,
Cassia .]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
459
very obtuse, about 2in. long and |in. wide, the valves thin with a raised longi- tudinal line along the centre, interrupted between each seed. Seeds thick, cuneate-oblong, truncate, with a raised line across each near the end, correspond- ing to that on the pod ; albumen copious.
Hub.: Warrego and Maranoa.
Section IV. Psilokhegma. — Sepals obtuse. Stamens 10, all perfect and similar or the lower ones rather larger ; anthers oblong-linear, opening in slits either short and terminal or extending more or less down the sides. Pod very flat and thin. Seeds flattened parallel to the embryo and lying vertically in the pod (parallel to the valves) separated by more or less complete partitions or thin pulp. — Shrubs. Flowers in very short corymbose racemes or umbels pedunculate in the axils, rarely reduced to 2 flowers.
10. C. glauca (bluish-grey), Lam.; Encycr. A tall weak shrub, quite glabrous or the young branches inflorescence and under side of the leaves pubescent. Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, obovate or broadly oblong, obtuse, mostly 1 to 1-J-in. long; glands oblong or slender, usually stipitate, between those of the 1,
2 or 3 lowest pairs. Stipules linear or subulate. Flowers in short umbel-like racemes in the upper axils. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, rather persistent. Sepals very obtuse, the inner ones 3 to 4 lines long. Petals broad, ^in. long or more, 2 or 3 lower ones rather larger than the others. Anthers all on short filaments, 2 or 3 rather larger than the others. Pod 3 to 4in. or more long, 4 to
5 lines broad. — W. and Arn. Prod. 289 ; C. acclinis, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 13 ; C. suffruticosa, Koen ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 285.
Hab.: Percy Islands, A. Cunningham; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Edgecombe Bay and Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Ipswich, Nernst : Rosewood, and many other localities.
11. C. retusa (retuse), Suland.; Vog. in Innncea, xv. 72 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 285. Shrubby and softly pubescent, especially the young parts. Leaflets 4 to
6 pairs, obovate to oblong-cuneate, very obtuse or emarginate, J to above lin. long ; glands slender or stipitate between those of the 1,2 or 3 lowest pairs. Stipules linear, acuminate, deciduous. Flowers crowded in short almost umbellate racemes, on axillary peduncles shorter than the leaves. Bracts narrow, acuminate. Sepals broad, very obtuse. Petals not twice as long. Anthers all nearly equal. Pod stipitate, 2 to 4in. long, 4 to 5 lines broad.
Hab.: Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Shoalwater Bay, Broadsound and Thirsty Sound, It. Brown.
The species is closely allied on the one hand to C. glauca , on the other to some forms of C. australis.
12. C. australis (Australian), Sims Bot. Mag. t. 2G7G ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 285. A tall erect shrub, either quite glabrous or loosely pubescent, the young branches more or less angular. Leaflets usually 8 to 10 pairs, in some specimens reduced to 6 or 7, in others increased to 11 or 12 pairs, oblong lanceolate or almost linear, obtuse or acute, i to f or rarely lin. long, the margins usually recurved and sometimes revolute ; glands slender or stipitate between the leaflets of most or only of the lower pairs, or rarely almost none. Stipules subulate, deciduous. Flowers 2 to 6 in a loose umbel on peduncles usually shorter than the leaves, but sometimes longer. Bracts small, broad, obtuse. Sepals very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long. Petals broad, iin. long or rather more. Anthers 2 or
3 often rather larger than the others. Pod shortly stipitate, glabrous, 3 to 4in. long, 3 to 4 lines broad, straight or curved into a half-circle. Seeds shining black. — Bot. Reg. t. 1322 ; C. umbellata, Roichb. Icon. Fxot. t. 20G ; ('. Schultesii, Colla, Hort. Ripul. App. ii. 344, and iii. t. 10; C. Barrentiehlii (afterwards corrected to C. Fieldii), Colla, Hort. Ripul. App. iv. 23, t. 11 ; <’. roronilloiihs, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 384.
4 BO
XLiii. leuuminosai.
[ Cassia .
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; Burdekin River and Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Comet and Condamine Rivers, Leichhardt; Darling Downs, Brisbane River, &c. In flower September.
The pods of this species have been known to bear the fungus Tubercularia leguminum.
Var. revoluta. Leaflets narrow-linear and acute, the margins much revolute, glabrous or pubescent. — C. revoluta, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1852, 120; C. aciphxjlla, Benth. in A. Gray, Bot. Arner. Expl. Exped. i. 405. To this belong some of the southern specimens from the interior ; also Moggil Creek, Brisbane River. In flower and seed May.
13. C. Chatelainiana (after — Chatelaine), Gaud, in Freyc. Voy. 485, t. Ill ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 286. An erect glabrous shrub of several feet. Leaflets 3, 4 or 5 rather distant pairs, linear, obtuse, about f to lin. long, rather thick, flat ; gland usually long and subulate between those of the lowest pair only, but sometimes also of the next pair, or rarely wanting. Flowers rather large, in umbels at the end of short axillary peduncles with sometimes 1 or 2 pedicels below the umbel. Bracts ovate or oblong, very obtuse. Sepals nearly 3 lines long. Petals broad, \ to fin. long. Lower stamens rather larger than the others. Pod straight, often £in. broad. — Tog. Syn. Cass. 47.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. Mueller.
Very nearly allied on the one hand to C. australis, in which, however, the leaflets when linear are usually revolute, and on the other to C. eremophila, which has fewer leaflets without the subulate gland. — Bentli.
14. C. pruinosa (pruinose), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 48 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 286. A tall erect shrub, glabrous but often more or less glaucous. Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, oblong-elliptical, rather obtuse, + to fin. long, rather thick and flat ; gland small and flat, usually between the leaflets of the lowest 1 or 2 pairs. Stipules broad, leafy, semi-cordate. Flowers rather large, 2 to 5 together in umbels on axillary peduncles usually shorter than the leaves. Sepals coloured, obtuse, the inner ones fully 3 lines long. Petals twice as long. Anthers 3 or 4 rather longer than the others. Pod stipitate, straight, apparently about 4 lines broad, but not seen perfect.
Hab.: Glen Ormiston, Georgina River, J. Coghlan, who says that the cattle have their mouths dyed from feeding upon it.
15. C. circinata (pod curved into a circle), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 384, and FI. Austr. ii. 286. An erect bushy shrub of several feet, glabrous or hoary with a minute silky tomentum. Leaves all phyllodineous without leaflets, or of a single leaflet, linear-terete, often almost filiform or very slightly vertically flattened, 1 to l£in. long, often clustered on the nodes of the previous year’s wood, and then sometimes not half so long ; gland none, or very obscure at or above the middle of the phyllodium. Petioles very short, clothed with spreading white hairs. Peduncles short, axillary, bearing 1 or 2 flowers on slender pedicels. Bracts minute. Sepals obtuse, 2 to 2^ lines long. Petals twice as long. Anthers 2 or 3 rather larger than the others and on longer filaments. Pod fully 5 lines broad, very flat and thin as in the rest of the section, but usually curved into a complete circle. — R. Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 15.
Hab.: Balonne River, Mitchell; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Suttor River, D’Orsay ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; Barcoo, &c.
16. C. phyllodinea (leaves without pinnse), R. Br. in A])p. Sturt Exped. 15; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 287. An erect rigid bushy shrub, hoary or white with a close silky tomentum. Leaves all phyllodineous, linear, vertically compressed but thick, obliquely obtuse truncate or even shortly 2-lobed at the end, 1 to lfin. long, narrowed at the base ; gland none, or a faint one on the upper edge. Peduncles short, axillary, bearing a very short raceme of several flowers on slender
Cassia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
461
pedicels. Bracts very small. Sepals obtuse, 2 to lines long. Petals twice as
long. Anthers 2 or 3 rather larger than the others. Pod stipitate, straight or slightly curved, 5 to 6 lines broad, obtuse.
Hab.: Bulloo and Wilson Rivers, F. C. Weale : Charlotte Plains, IF. A. E. Ivory.
F. v. Mueller is disposed to consider this and the preceding phyllodineous species, together with the five following ones, as forms of one species, and it is true that we occasionally meet with specimens apparently connecting them, but so it is with the whole of the section from C. glauca to G. circinata, which we certainly should not be justified in uniting. Those specimens of C. eremophila, var. platypoda, in which the lower leaves are phyllodineous without leaflets, can generally if not always be distinguished from C. phyllodinea by the glands at the end of the phyllodia where the leaflets have aborted. — Benth.
17. C. eremophila (a desert species) (by a clerical error nemophila), A. Cunn. in Yoy. Syn. Cass. 47 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 287. An erect bushy shrub, glabrous or slightly hoary but never so white as some of the allied species. Leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, very narrow-linear, thick, terete and channelled above or slightly flattened out, sometimes very short, usually about lin. long, and often more, the petiole terete or vertically flattened ; gland depressed between the lowest or the only pair ; the lower leaves sometimes reduced to a flattened phyllodium with the gland at the end where the leaflets have aborted. Peduncles short, or rarely as long as the leaves, bearing a short almost corymbose raceme of several flowers on slender pedicels. Bracts very small. Sepals obtuse, rarely 2 lines long. Petals usually more than twice as long. Anthers 2 or 3 lower ones rather larger or on longer filaments than the others. Pod straight or slightly curved, 3 to 4 lines broad or rarely more. — R. Br. in App. Sturt Exp. 14 ; C. canaliculata, R. Br. l.c.; C. heteroloba, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 122.
Hub.: On the Maranoa, Mitchell; desert of the Suttor and Burdekin, F. v. Mueller; St. George, Jos. IVedd ; Blackall, It. A. Ranking; Diamantina, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
A very variable species, of which specimens occur occasionally with here and there an additional pair of leaflets, showing an approach towards C. artemisioides, and some of the western ones with the gland rather more prominent are at first sight like reduced forms of C. Chatelainiana. The two following varieties, which have been distinguished as species, are very inconstant ; they both occur mixed with the common form. — Bentli.
Var. platypoda. Petioles vertically compressed, the lower ones often without leaflets. — C. platypoda , R. Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 15.
Var. zygophyllu. A shrub of about 6ft. Leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, linear, flat, often 1 to 2 lines broad. — C. zyyopliylla, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 288.
18. C. artemisiodes (Southernwood-like), Gaud, in DC. Prod. ii. 495 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 288. An erect bushy shrub, hoary or white with a minute silky tomentum. Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, linear-terete and more or less channelled above, slender but rigid, usually f to lin. long, but sometimes longer or shorter; glands small and flat between those of the lower 1 or 2 pairs. Flowers in a short dense raceme on peduncles much shorter than the leaves. Bracts small, ovate. Sepals obtuse, 2 to 2f lines long. Petals about twice as long. Anthers 2 or 3 longer than the others on longer filaments. Pod straight, 2 to 3in. long, about 4 lines broad. — C. teretifolia, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. i. 289 ; C. teretiuscula, F. v. M. in Linnaea, xxv. 389.
Hab.: Dawson River, F. v. Mueller ; Mt. Maria, Warrego.
Nearly allied to C. eremophila and C. Sturtii, this differs from the former chiefly in the more numerous leaflets, from the latter in their shape and in the narrower pod. If the three were united, it is the name of C. artemisioides that has the priority. — Benth.
19. C. Sturtii (after Capt. C. Sturt), 11. Br. in App. Sturt F.rped. 14 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 288. A bushy shrub, glabrous or more frequently glaucous hoary or white with a close tomentum. Leaflets usually 3 to 5 pairs, linear, lanceolate, cuneate, elliptical or almost obovate, 1 to lin. long, thick, flat or concave, sometimes all small and almost ovate, the lower leaves rarely with only 2 pairs ; glands small between the leaflets of the lowest 1 or 2 pairs. Stipules
462
XLI11. LEGUMlNOSiE.
[ Cassia .
small and deciduous as in all the allied species. Flowers in short axillary dense racemes as in C. eremophila, but usually more numerous on a longer peduncle. Sepals obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long, frequently tomentose. Petals twice as long. Pod when perfect fully ^in. broad, straight or slightly curved and very obtuse.
Hub.: Suttor River, F. v. Mueller ; Georgina River.
20. C. desolata (a desert species), F. v. M. in Linnaa, xxv. 389 ; Bentlu FI. Austr. ii. 289. Shrubby, tbe young parts hoary or white, becoming glabrous with age. Leaflets 1, 2 or very rarely 3 pairs, ovate obovate or broadly oblong, i to lin. long or more, coriaceous ; gland depressed between those of tbe lowest or of both pairs, rarely wanting. Flowers in a very short raceme, on short axillary peduncles. Bracts ovate, concave. Sepals about 3 lines long, usually pubescent or tomentose. Petals twice as long. Anthers nearly equal or 2 or 3 lower ones scarcely longer. Pod not seen perfect, but apparently more like that of C. Sturtii than of C. oligophylla .
Hab.: Inland districts.
Some of the specimens are very doubtful and may belong to C. oligophylla, which this species closely resembles in foliage and flowers ; and it would require more perfect materials than I have seen to establish satisfactorily the distinction between this species and C. Sturtii on the one hand and C. oligophrjlla on the other. — Benth.
21. C. oligophylla (few-leaved), F. v. M. Fragtn. iii. 49 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 289. A tall shrub, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaflets 2 or rarely only 1 pair, broadly obovate, very obtuse, f to lin. long, coriaceous ; glands depressed and rather large between those of each pair. Flowers in short dense racemes on axillary peduncles, rather more numerous than in the preceding species, with rather larger oblong or lanceolate bracts. Sepals obtuse, pubescent, about 3 lines long. Petals not twice as long. Anthers 2 or 3 lower ones rather longer than the others. Pod 2 to 2iin. long, nearly fin. broad, very obtuse.
Hab.: Gulf country, Dr. T. L. Bancroft; Georgina River, E. J. Whelan; sandy plains, Nichol Bay, F. Gregory’s Expedition.
From the few specimens gathered, this appears to be closely allied to C. desolata, differing chiefly in the pod twice as broad as in C. artemisioides, half as broad again as in C. Sturtii and probably as in C. desolata, but better specimens are required to confirm the species. — Benth.
22. C. oligoclada (branches few), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 49; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 289. A shrub of 1 to 3ft., softly pubescent in all its parts. Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, or in slender starved specimens only 1 or 2 pairs, elliptical-oblong, obtuse or almost acute, shortly mucronate, f to lin. long ; glands none. Stipules small, setaceous. Flowers 4 to 6, umbellate, on slender axillary peduncles, about as long as the leaves ; pedicels almost filiform. Bracts minute, deciduous. Sepals obtuse, the largest about 2 lines long. Petals twice as long or the upper inner ones rather less. Anthers 3 a little larger than the others. Pod stipitate, falcate, pubescent, 1 to l^in. long and about 4 lines broad. Seeds 4 to 6, on very short funicles.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
The short broad falcate pod of this species reminds one at first sight of that of the Sennas. — Benth.
23. C. leptoclada (branches slender), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 290. A shrub of 3 or 4ft., glabrous and very glaucous, with very slender often purplish branches. Leaflets 2 pairs, obovate to oblong-elliptical, very obtuse and sometimes emargi- nate, those of the upper pair £ to lin. long, of the lower pair smaller or wanting in the lower leaves ; glands small, ovoid, between those of each pair. Stipules very minute. Peduncles in the upper axils very short, bearing 2 flowers on filiform pedicels, or sometimes the peduncle adnate to the branch, the pedicels then proceeding from a little above the axil. Sepals obtuse, not 2 lines long.
Cassia.\
XL1II. LEGUMINOSiE.
463
Petals deep yellow, above 4 lines long. Anthers 2 or 3 rather larger than the others. Pod stipitate, flat and glabrous, either nearly orbicular and 1 -seeded, or 2-seeded and about Jin. long and 4 lines broad.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown (Herb. R. Br.)
Section V. Absus. — Sepals usually obtuse. Stamens 5 to 10, all perfect and similar, the anthers opening in slits either short and terminal or extending down the sides of the cells. Pod flat, oblique and obliquely acute. Seeds lying vertically in the pod. Herbs or (in species not Australian) shrubs, often
glandular-pubescent. Flowers in simple terminal racemes, becoming sometimes lateral by the elongation of the branch.
24. C. Absus (supposed to be after a river of that name in Palestine),
Linn. ; Vog. Syn. Cass. 50 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 290. “ Chichm ” or
“Cismatan.” A viseidly pubescent much-branched annual or biennial, rarely exceeding 1ft. Leaflets 2 pairs, obliquely and broadly obovate, obtuse, J to lin. long or rarely more, the common petiole rather long and slender ; glands small between the leaflets of the lowest or of both pairs. Stipules narrow. Flowers small, in short terminal or at length lateral racemes. Bracts small, reflexed. Sepals narrow, obtuse, pubescent, about 3 lines long. Petals scarcely longer. Stamens usually 5. Style dilated at the end, with a rather broad fringed stigma. Pod 1 to ljin. long and about Jin. broad. Seeds with very little albumen. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 50.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Bowen River, Bowman; Walsh River, T. Barclay -Millar ; Gladstone, C. Hedley.
The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa.
Section VI. Chaieeckista. — Sepals obtuse or acute. Stamens 5 to 10, all perfect ; anthers opening in slits either short and terminal or extending more or less down the sides of the cells. Pod linear, flat, straight or falcate. Seeds lying vertically in the pod. Herbs or undershrubs. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, solitary or 2 or 3 together.
25. C. pumila (small), Lam.; Voy. Syn. Cass. 65 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 290. A diffuse, more or less pubescent perennial of short duration, wflth a hard almost woody base, the stems rarely exceeding 1ft. Leaflets much fewer than in C. mimosoides, in the Australian specimens usually 8 to 12 pairs, linear-falcate, 2 to 3 lines long ; gland stipitate on the petiole below the lowest pair. Pedicels axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, with minute bracteoles above the middle. Sepals rather obtuse, about 2 lines long. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Stamens 5, nearly equal, obtuse. Style short, slightly thickened at the end, with a broadly peltate stigma. Pod narrow, 1 to ljin. long, oblique or slightly curved.
Hab.: Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Bowen River, Bowman.
Pedicels longer than in the Indian specimens, but the style and other essential characters are quite the same. — Bentli.
26. C. concinna (neat), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 291. A diffuse perennial, woody at the base, more or less pubescent, with the habit of C. pumila, but at once known by the much larger flowers and by the style. Leaflets 8 to 10 or rarely 12 to 15 pairs, rather crowded, linear-falcate, mucronate, 2 to 3 lines long; gland stipitate below the lowest pair. Peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, usually longer than the leaves, with minute bracteoles at or above the middle. Sepals 3 lines long, obtuse or minutely mucronate. Petals nearly twice as long. Stamens
464
XLI1I. LEGUMlNOSzE.
[Cassia.
5 ; anthers nearly equal. Style incurved, not thickened, with a small terminal stigma. Pod rarely above lin. long, about 2 lines wide. — C. pumila, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 47, not of Lam.
Hab.: Keppel Islands, M'Gillivray ; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Broadsound, Bowman; Rockhampton, Thozet , Dallachy ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart ; Brisbane River.
27. C. mimosoides (Mimosa-like), Linn.: Vo;/. Syn. Cass. 68 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 291. An annual or perennial of short duration, with a hard almost woody base and numerous diffuse or ascending wiry stems, of 1 to 2ft. or rarely more, usually pubescent. Leaves 1^ to 2in. long; leaflets numerous (20 to 50 pairs), linear-falcate, mucronate, seldom above 2 lines long ; gland depressed, below the lowest pair. Pedicels axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, unequal, but rarely above |in. long. Sepals very acute, above 3 lines long. Petals 3 to 4 or rarely 5 lines long. Stamens 7 to 10 ; anthers all similar, but rather unequal in size. Style slightly dilated at the end with a truncate stigma. Pod 1^ to 2in. long, scarcely 2 lines broad, oblique or slightly curved. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 48.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Broadsound and Northumberland Islands, R. Brown ; common in the colony in moist pastures, A. Cunningham , F. v. Mueller, and others.
82. PETALOSTYLES, R. Br.
(Style petal-like.)
Sepals 5, much imbricate, somewhat unequal, scarcely connected at the base. Petals 5, spreading, nearly equal. Stamens 3 perfect ; filaments very short ; anthers linear, the cells opening inwardly in longitudinal slits; 2 small staminodia, with acuminate imperfect anthers. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style large and petal-like, saccate immediately above the ovary, with 3 erect lobes, 2 short ones in front, the other much longer, concave, the midrib prominent inside and terminating at the top in a small stigma. Pod flat, oblong-linear, oblique, 2-valved. Seeds ovate-oblong, compressed ; testa shining ; funicle expanded into a fleshy appendage distinct from the seed ; albumen copious ; coty- ledons flat. — Shrubs. Leaves simply pinnate. Flowers yellow, on axillary
peduncles.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, very nearly allied to Cassia (sect. Chamacrista) and to Labicliea, but distinguished especially by the very singular style. — Benth.
1. P. labicheoides (Labichea-like), Ii. Br. in App. Sturt Exped. 17 ; Bcntli' FI. Austr. ii. 292. An erect, bushy, nearly glabrous, somewhat glaucous shrub of several feet, the young shoots minutely silky. Leaflets from about 11 to above 30, mostly alternate along the rhachis with an odd terminal one, narrow-oblong, mucronate, J to fin. long, narrowed at the base but not oblique, thick, somewhat concave, the midrib only conspicuous underneath. Stipules narrow and very deciduous. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered, with 2 small very deciduous brac- teoles. Sepals acute, |ln. long, green and glabrous. Petals obovate, nearly fin. long. Ovules 4 to 6. Style deep yellow, like the petals, and not much shorter. Pod 1 to l^in. long.
Hab.: Leichhardt and Barcoo ; Ruttor Range (rare), F. v. Mueller.
Var. cassioides. Leaflets smaller, numerous, obovate or oblong, obtuse or retuse. — Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; and country towards Lake Nash, M. Costello.
83. LABICHEA, Gaudich.
(After M. Labiche.)
Sepals 4 or 5, much imbricate, somewhat unequal, scarcely connected at the base. Petals as many as sepals, spreading, nearly equal. Stamens 2 ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong-linear, opening in terminal pores, either both alike or one of them produced into a tube exceeding the other and filled with pollen at the
Labichea.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
465
base only. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, with 2 or rarely 3 ovules, tapering into a short style, with a small terminal stigma. Pod oblong or lanceolate, oblique, flat, 2-valved. Seeds obovate or oblong, with a hard shining testa ; funicle in the species examined expanded below the top into a globular fleshy appendage ; albumen copious ; cotyledons flat. — Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves unequally pinnate, or from the common petiole not being developed consisting of 8 or 5 digitate leaflets or reduced to the terminal leaflet. Stipules small, deciduous. Flowers yellow, few together, in short loose axillary racemes. Bracts small and deciduous. Bracteoles none.
The genus is limited to Australia, and is very nearly allied to Cassia. — Benth.
Sepals 5. Petals 5. Anthers unequal. Leaflets digitate, without any
common petiole 1 . L. nitida.
Sepals 4. Petals 4. Bushy shrub. Leaves simple or digitate. Anthers
equal 2. L. rupestris.
Leaflets oblong, blunt, minutely apiculate, one anther twice as long as the
other 3. L. Buettneriana.
1. la. nitida (shining), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 293, and F. v. M. Fragm. x. 7.
A rigid shrub, with divaricate slightly pubescent branches. Leaflets usually 5, digitate, without a common petiole, from obovate-oblong to elliptical, obtuse with a pungent point, coriaceous and shining above, the central one J to ljin. long, the lateral ones smaller, all shortly petiolulate. Racemes short and loose. Flowers much larger than in L. rupestris. Sepals 5, about 4 lines long. Petals 5, the lower ones frilly Jin. long, the upper ones rather smaller. One anther 3 lines long or at least half as long again as the other, linear-cylindrical. Ovary very villous, with 3 ovules in the flowers examined. Pod lanceolate oval, about lin. long, compressed and slightly pubescent. Seeds 4, turgid ovate, dark- brown. Strophiole pale depressed-globose f line.
Hab.: Bockingham Bay and Hinchinbrook Island.
2. L. rupestris (found upon rocks), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 342, and FI. Austr. ii. 293. A small hard bushy shrub, the branches pubescent or at length glabrous. Leaflets in some specimens mostly 3-foliolate, the terminal one linear-oblong, 1 to 2in. long, coriaceous, with a pungent point, the lateral ones much smaller, in other specimens most or all digitate, with 3 or 5 less unequal leaflets, without any common petiole. Racemes short dense and few-flowered. Sepals 4, about 2J lines long. Petals about the same length. Anthers both nearly of the same size, scarcely shorter than the petals. Ovules 2. Pod short, acuminate, frequently 1 -seeded only, but not seen ripe. — L. digitata, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 273.
Hab.: Sandstone rocks and ravines about Mount Pluto, Mitchell; Newcastle Bange, F. v. Mueller (in leaf only).
The two forms I had distinguished, with 1-foliolate or very unequally 3-foliolate leaves, and with nearly equal 5-foliolate leaves, may be found on diiferent branches of the same specimen. — Benth.
3. I,. Buettneriana (after Dr. Alex. Buettner), F. r. M. Fragm. xii. 18, and Chon, and Drugg., June 1882. Plant erect, branches slender, thinly silky. Leaves pinnate, petioles very short, leaflets 3 to 11, oval oblong, minutely apiculate, reticulate-veined above, silky beneath ; stipules fugaceous. Racemes usually many flowered, 2 to 5in. long on short peduncles. Bracts and bracteoles of about equal length, lanceolate, one-third the length of the calyx. Sepals 4, about 5 lines long, outer lanceolate-cymbiform, inner falcate-lanceolate, mem- branous. Petals 4, yellow, obovate, cuneate at the base. Filaments very short. Anthers yellow, alternately long and short. Style setaceous, glabrous, 1J line long. Stigma very minute, ovary densely silky. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Endeavour Biver, Persieli (F. v. M., who says that this species may be easily distinguished from others of Australia by the shape and bluntness of its leaflets).
466
XL11I. LEGUMINOSiE.
84. BAUHINIA, Linn.
(After the brothers Bauhin, botanists of the fifteenth century.)
Sepals united at the base into a short or long disk-bearing tube, the free part separating into 5 or fewer valvate or induplicate lobes. Petals 5, inserted at the summit of the tube, usually clawed, more or less unequal. Stamens 10, free, either all perfect or some reduced to small staminodia. Ovary stipitate, the stalk adnate to one side of the calyx-tube, with several ovules ; style usually filiform, with a capitate, broad or oblique, terminal stigma. Pod linear or oblong, com- pressed, 2-valved. Seeds compressed ; albumen usually thin ; radicle short and straight. — Trees or woody climbers. Leaflets either 2 distinct from the base, or (in the majority of species not Australian) united into an entire or 2-lobed leaf, with 5 to 11 digitate nerves. Racemes terminal.
A large geuus, distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. It has been divided into several genera, which I have in other works been disposed to adopt ; but it may be more convenient to follow De Candolle and others in considering them as sub- genera.— Benth.
Sect. I. Pauletia, Cav. — Fertile stamen s 10. Calyx with a very short tube and spathaceoiis limb. Pud narrow, dehiscent. — Erect shrubs, with large showy J lowers and connate leaflets. — J. G. Baker.
Flowers in close axillary racemes. Petals as long as the calyx-limb, which is cleft into 5 subulate teeth at the tip. Pod with a rib on each side of the upper suture 1. B. acuminata.
Sect. II. Xaysiphyllum, Benth. — Fertile stamens 10. Calyx ivith a lung tube and 5-cleft
limb. Pod broad, indehiscent. Leaflets distinct.
Calyx disk-bearing base very short, free part campanulate, deeply lobed.
Outer petals -5 to 6 lines long. Pod 2in. broad 2. B. Cunninghamii.
Calyx disk-bearing base turbinate, free part as long, shortly lobed. Petals
(5 or 7 lines long. Pod 1 to lfin. broad 3. B. Carronii.
Calyx disk-bearing base cylindrical, free part as long, divided to the base.
Outer petals ljin. long. Pod 1 to ljin. broad 4. B. Hookeri.
Sect. III. Casparea, DC. — Calyx-tube fusiform; limb spathaceoiis.
Fertile stamen 1 5. B. monandra.
1. S. acuminata (calyx long pointed), Linn.; Baker in FI. Brit. Ind. ii.
276. An erect shrub, with obscurely downy angular branches. Leaves slightly cordate, flexible, 3 to 6in. long, 9 to 11-nerved ; the lobes acute or subobtuse, not reaching half-way down, at first finely pubescent beneath. Racemes axillary, shortly pedunculate, corymbose ; pedicels erecto-patent, 6 to 9 lines long, with linear-subulate bracts and bracteoles. Calyx 1 to lfin., narrowed into a long point, cleft at the tip. Petals oblong, whitish. Style, fin. Pod 4 to 5in. long
and about fin. broad, firm, glabrous, 8 to 12-seeded ; stalk fin. long.
Hab.: India, China, Malay Isles, and Queensland, F. v. Mueller.
2. B. Cunninghamii (after A. Cunningham), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 295. A tree of 20ft. or more, the young branches slender, rarely short and spinescent, the young shoots and leaves pubescent, at length glabrous. Leaflets quite distinct, broadly falcate-ovate, very obtuse, f to lfin. long, and more than half as broad, finely 5 to 7-nerved. Flowers 2 or 3 together on a very short common peduncle, the pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx about 5 lines long, velvety- tomentose, the disk-bearing base very short and broad, the free part broadly campanulate, thick, divided below the middle into 5 ovate equal lobes. Petals silky-tomentose, ovate, the 2 outer lower ones exceeding the calyx by above 3 lines, the lateral ones by about 2 lines, and the uppermost inner one scarcely at all. Stamens 10, longer than the petals, the lowest the longest. Ovary on a long stipes, with 8 to 10 ovules ; stigma large capitate. Pod very flat, thinly
Bavhinia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
467
coriaceous, about 2in. broad, 6iu. long or shorter according to the number of seeds ripened. — Phanera Cunninyhamii, Benth. in PL Jungh. i. 264 ; Bauhinia Leichhardtii, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 50, partly.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Mueller’s Census of Austr. Plants.
3. B. Carronii (after W. Carron), F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 49 ;
Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 295. “ Pegunny ” and “ Thalmera,” Cloncurry, Palmer.
A tree, with the foliage and inflorescence of B. Cunninghamii, or with rather narrower leaflets, but undistinguishable without the flowers or fruit, both of which are narrower. Calyx slightly tomentose, about Jin. long, the disk- bearing base narrow-turbinate, the free portion about the same length, very shortly 5-lobed. Petals obovate, silky outside, the lower ones exceeding the calyx by about 5 lines, the others rather shorter. Stamens and pistil of B. Cunnini/hamii. Pod coriaceous, not quite ljin. broad, the valves 'coriaceous, slightly convex when ripe.
Hab.: On the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller ; in the interior, Mitchell; Georgina River.
Wood light-brown, becoming much darker towards the centre, hard, heavy, with a close grain ; suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 125.
Some specimens of Leichhardt’s, in leaf only and therefore not determinable, referred by F. v. Mueller to the preceding species, appear to me rather to belong to the present one. — Benth.
4. B. Hookeri (after Sir W. J. Hooker), F. v. M. in. Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 51 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 296. A large tree, with a spreading head, usually quite glabrous. Leaflets quite distinct, very obliquely and broadly ovate or obovate, very obtuse, f to ljin. long, finely 5 to 7-nerved, with a small thick point terminating the petiole between them. Flowers white, edged with crimson, few in short terminal racemes, the pedicels very short. Calyx glabrous or nearly so, lin. long or even more, the disk-bearing base narrow-cylindrical, the free part about as long, dividing nearly to the base into 5 narrow lobes. Petals clawed, ovate nearly equal, the lamina neai’ly ljin. long, slightly villous outside near the base. Stamens 10, rather longer than the petals. Ovary on a long stipes ; stigma large Pod stipitate, flat, 1 to If in. broad.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown; Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller; Suttor River, D'Orsay; Rock- hampton, Dallachy ; islands of Torres Straits, Henne.
Var. puherula. Young shoots slightly pubescent. Calyx tomentose, the free part shorter than the disk-bearing base. Pod large and broad.— Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller.
The latter specimens come very near to B. ( Phanera j Blanqoi, Benth. in PI. Jungh. i. 264, which we have from Siam and from the Philippine Islands, and of which B. Hookeri may prove to be a variety only. — Benth.
Wood, the outer of a light-brown, the inner dark-brown, nicely marked, hard, heavy, and close-grained; very suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 126.
Yields a brownish-yellow gum, which can be used like arabie gum if soaked in water for some time. It contains 12% of arabin and 67% of metarabin. — Lauterer.
5. B. monandra (only one fertile stamen), Kurz, F. v. M. in Census of Austr. PL Leaflets 1 to ljin long, almost ovate, semi-orbicular, connate for about two-thirds of their length, each with 5 principal nerves, glabrous above, pale beneath, and as well as the branchlets clothed with a short down. Stipules linear-semilanceolaie. Flowers in corymbs ; rather large pedicels and slender calyx-tube also downy; the limb spathaeeous, J to fin. long, membranous, downy on the outside. Petals spreading, membranous, glabrous, rhomboid- ovate with cuneate elongated base, pale-colored, 1 to lfin. long, the uppermost marked with numerous dark-red spots, and its base ciliated. The upper petal innermost while in the bud. The one fertile stamen glabrous, about the length
XLIII. LEGUMINOa®.
[Bauhinia .
4(>8
of the petals, the sterile stamens very short ; fertile anther narrow-oblong, about Jin. long, dark above, bilobed at the base. Style glabrous ; ovary shortly hairy. — B. Pcrsiehii, F. v. M., Wing’s South Sci. Rec. i. new series, Feb. 1885; B. monandra, Kurz, Census of Austr. PI. 1889.
Hab.: Endeavour River.
Perhaps both B. acuminata and B. monandra may be only escapes from cultivation, for in the large number of plant specimens received by me from northern Queensland I have never received any portions of these two plants.
85. AFZELIA, Sm.
(After Dr. Adam Afzelius, a Swedish botanist.)
Calyx-tube narrowly infundibuliform or cylindrical, limb 4-partite, segments entire, subequal or inner pair slightly longer, imbricate. Vexillum exceeding (sometimes many times) the calyx, clawed, lamina bilobate or subentire ; lateral and anterior petals minute or squamiform or none. Perfect stamens 7, filaments elongate, very shortly coherent at the base ; anthers versatile, oblong, dehiscing longitudinally, staminodia 2, subulate or filiform, one at each side of the vexillum ; posterior stamen wanting. Ovary shortly stipitate, narrowed above into the slender style ; ovules 8 to 10 or more. Legume oblong, elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 2-valved, several-seeded ; valves thick, woody, smooth or nearly so externally, with transverse cellular or spongy septa internally separating the seeds. Seeds (in well-ascertained species) large, oblong or ellipsoidal, smooth, black, with a large, cupuliform, closely investing scarlet or yellow arillus invest- ing the lower third. Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Flowers in terminal simple or pannicled racemes. Bracteoles inserted on the pedicel at the base of the calyx-tube, shorter than the bud, caducous or falling by the time of expansion. — Oliver in FI. Trop. Afr ii. 301.
A genus of about 10 or 12 species confined to the tropics of the Old World.
1. A. australis (Australian), Bail. Johnstone River Teak. A lofty tree, attaining a height of over 100ft. , with an erect trunk over 2ft. in diameter; bark covered by rather large lenticellte, and the bark of the trunk exfoliating by hard thick oval or oblong patches, similar to some Flindersias and the Red Cedar ; wood very hard and durable, of a reddish-brown. Leaves alternate, glabrous, of 2 or 3 pairs of very obtuse nearly orbicular leaflets from 3 to 5in. long and nearly as broad, very unequal-sided at the base, on petiolules of about Jin., the divergent almost parallel veins joining far within the margin, and forming an intramarginal one, the netted veinlets numerous and somewhat prominent. Flowers pubescent. Calyx-tube ribbed, about Jin. long ; lobes very unequal and much imbricate, slightly longer than the tube. Petal orbicular, undulate, veined, on a claw about as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens hairy. Ovary stipitate, flat, the edges tomentose. Pod oblong, 6 to 7in. long and over 2in. broad, glabrous, coriaceous, with transverse veins. Seeds dark-brown, 3 or 4, very flat, more or less covered by a mealy substance, oblong or orbicular, about ljin. diameter, the short thick funicle expanding into an oblong appressed aril.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. Thor. L. Bancroft.
At Baron von Mueller’s request I sent him specimens of A. australis, and that gentleman, after comparing them with the specimens he had some time previously received from Queens- land and determined to be identical with A. bijuga, A. Gray — and therefore mentioned this tree as occurring in Queensland in his Census of Austr. Plants — sends me word that both his and my specimens are the same species, and that he still considers the Australian tree A. bijuga, an opinion in which I cannot concur, for, besides other distinctions, the bark is very distinct in the
Afzelia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSi®.
469
two trees. J. S. Gamble, in his excellent work on the Indian timbers, page 141, says of A. bijuga, A. Gray : Bark thin, grey, peeling off in fine papery scrolls.” This could never be said
of the Australian tree ; but probably Baron Mueller never saw the bark of the Australian tree.
Wood of a brown colour, rather coarse in grain, hard and heavy, but easy to work, and would be well adapted for house-building work, or might suit the cabinet-maker. The sawdust of the Australian tree yields a purplish dye. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 126a.
It was from a log of this tree that No. 127 in the Woods Catalogue of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition was prepared in mistake for Cynometra.
86. CYNOMETRA, Linn.
(Dog’s womb, shape of pod.)
Sepals very shortly united at the base, the free part separating into 4 imbricate segments, the upper one rather broader (consisting of 2 sepals ?). Petals 5, oblong-lanceolate, nearly equal, the upper one innermost. Stamens 10 or more, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers small. Ovary nearly sessile, with 2 ovules ; style subulate, with a small terminal stigma. Pod obliquely and broadly semi- orbicular, thick, fleshy and turgid, 2-valved. Seed usually solitary, thick ; radicle short, straight. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 1, 2 or rarely more pairs of leaflets. Flowers small, usually reddish, in axillary or lateral clusters or short racemes.
The genus is distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. The only Australian species is a common Asiatic one. — Benth.
1. C. ramiflora (flowering upon the branches), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 509, var. bijuga ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 296. A tree, either glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescence rusty-pubescent. Leaflets in the Australian specimens 2 pairs or rarely 1 pair only, obliquely obovate-oblong, very obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, penniveined, the terminal ones 2 to 3in. long, the lower ones smaller. Flowers in very short axillary racemes or clusters. Bracts dry, concave, at first imbricate, but very deciduous. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx and petals not 2 lines long. Stamens 10, rather longer. Ovary very villous. Fruit as broad as long, very thick and fleshy, \ to fin. long and very rugose in the dried specimens, probably larger and smoother when fresh. — W. and Arn. Prod. i. 293 ; C. bijuga, Spanoghe, in Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 78.
Hab.: Common amongst the mangroves of the tropical beach.
Widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago, most frequently with 2 pairs of leaves in Ceylon and the Archipelago, with 1 pair only on the continent of India, but the two can scarcely be distinguished, even as varieties. — Benth.
In India the wood of this tree is used for house-building, carts, &e., and the chips are said to give in water a purple dye. Wood of a light-brown colour, close-grained and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. IVoocls No. 127.
87. ERYTHROPHLCEUM, Afzel.
(Referring to its red sap.)
(Fillasa, Guillem, and Perr.; Laboucheria, F. v. M.)
Calyx-teeth 5, valvate in the bud. Petals 5, small, very slightly imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals on a perigynous disk, free, longer than the petals, all equal and perfect ; anthers ovate, without glands. Ovary stipitate, with several ovules ; style short, with a terminal stigma. Pod oblong, linear, flat, coriaceous, 2-valved. Seeds ovate, compressed, transverse ; funicle filiform ; testa pulpy outside ; albumen thin ; radicle short, straight. — Trees. Leaves
bipinna, te. Flowers small, almost sessile in long cylindrical spikes, forming a terminal panicle. Bracts inconspicuous.
A small genus, containing, besides the Australian species, which is endemic, two or three from tropical Africa. — Benth.
470
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[ Erythroph hrum .
1. E. Laboucherii (after M. Laboucher), F. r. M. Herb.: Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 297. “ Ah-pill,” Mitchell River, Palmer; “ Arriga,” Palmer River,
“ Nau-muta,” Batavia River, Roth. A hard-wooded t.ree, the branches and foliage glabrous. Pinnae opposite, in 2 or 8 pairs ; leaflets 4 to 9, alternate, obliquely obovate or orbicular, very obtuse or retuse, mostly 1^ to 2in. long. Spikes rather dense, nearly sessile, 1 to Sin. long. Flowers 2 to 24 lines long. Calyx sprinkled and ciliate with a few hairs. Petals rather longer than the calyx, with woolly edges. Stamens more than twice as long as the petals, distinctly inserted in two rows. Ovary shortly stipitate, hairy, with about 10 ovules. Pod 4 to Gin. long, 1 to 14in. broad, flat, with thinly-coriaceous valves. Seeds nearly orbicular. — Labouclieria chlorostachys, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 159.
IIab : Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Sol under , .4. Cunningham ; Burdekin and Gilbert Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; also in Leichhardt’s collection, and said to be his Leguminous Ironbark Tree. Seeds ripe October.
Said by Mueller to contain Erythrophlcein, the active principle of E. quineense.
Gum used for cement and bark for huts. — Both.
Wood red, very hard (probably the hardest in Australia), close in grain and very durable. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 127a. Used for woomeras and also spear-points, Palmer and Both.
88. ENTADA, Adams.
(Its Malabar name.)
Calyx very shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, more or less united or free. Stamens 10, shortly exserted, free; anthers tipped by a gland. Ovary nearly sessile, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a truncate stigma. Pod large and long, flat, coriaceous or woody, the sutures thick and forming a persistent replum, the valves falling away separately and divided transversely into 1-seeded articles, the endocarp separating from the epicarp and persisting round the large orbicular flat seeds. — Tall woody climbers, unarmed. Leaves abruptly bipinnate, the pinnte of the upper pair often converted into tendrils without leaflets. Flowers small, sessile in long slender spikes, either solitary in the upper axils or forming a terminal simple panicle. Bracts very small.
The genus is common to the New and the Old World within the tropics. The only Australian species is the same as the most generally diffused Asiatic one.— Benth.
1. XI. scandens (climbing), Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 382, and FI. Austr. ii. 298. Matchbox bean. “ Barbaddah,” Cleveland Bay, Tliozet ; “ Parpangata,” Batavia River, Roth. A woody climber, stretching over the largest trees, the young parts and inflorescence slightly pubescent, at length glabrous. Leaves usually consisting of a common petiole of 2 to 6in., terminating in 2 simple tendrils, which are not however always developed, and bearing below them 1 or 2 pairs of pinnte ; leaflets on each pinna 2 or 3 rarely 4 or even 5 pairs, obovate-oblong obtuse or emarginate, often very oblique, 2 to 5in. long when few, smaller when more numerous. Spikes varying in length from 1 or 2in. to nearly 1ft. Flowers about l^in. long. Calyx very small, truncate or minutely toothed. Petals lanceolate, rigid, becoming at length quite separate. Gland of the anthers very deciduous. Pod woody, attaining 2 to 4ft. in length and 3 to 4in. in breadth. Seeds 10 to 30, nearly 2in. diameter. — Mimosa scandens, Linn. Sp. PL 1101 ; Entada Purscetha, DC. Prod. ii. 425 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 45.
Hab.: From the Pioneer River to Cape York.
The species is widely diffused over tropical Asia and Africa and the West Indies, the seeds being carried very far by ocean currents without losing their power of germination. The opinion now generally adopted that the East and West Indian species are the same is, however, not universally admitted ; and our herbarium specimens, numerous as they are, are mostly too imperfect, the foliage, flowers, and pods too rarely matched to determine the auestion with any approach to certainty. — Benth.
Natives of North Queensland eat the beans, which are first roasted or baked, then pounded, put in a dilly-bag, and left for 10 or 12 hours in water before being eaten .-^Palmer.
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
471
80. ADENANTHERA, Linn.
(Anthers bearing a gland.)
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate in the bud, cohering at first, at length free. Stamens 10, free ; anthers ovate, tipped by a deciduous gland. Ovary sessile, with several ovules ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Pod linear, compressed, falcate, 2-valved, the endocarp often forming more or less complete partitions between the seeds ; valves somewhat convex. Seeds thick, with a hard, shining, red or red-and-black testa, surrounded usually by a thin pulp ; funicle slightly thickened ; albumen scanty ; radicle short, straight. — Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly bipinnate, with several pairs of pinnae and of leaflets. Flowers small, white or yellowish, always pedicellate in long spike-like racemes, either solitary in the axils or forming a simple terminal panicle.
A genus of few species, natives of the tropical regions of the Old World, one of them intro- duced and now naturalised in the West Indies. It is closely allied to Prosopis and several others separated from Mimosa and Acacia, differing chiefly in the pedicellate flowers and in the seeds resembling those of Ormosia, and externally those of Abrus, and the original A. pavonina, Linn., has moreover a remarkably long twisting pod. — Benth.
Pinnae 8 to 12. Leaflets 12 to 18, obtuse. Seeds 1-coloured, usually
bright red 1. A. pavonina.
Pinnae about 6. Leaflets 8 to 12, oval or orbicular-ovate. Seeds 2-coloured,
red and black 2. A. abrosperma.
1. A. pavonina (peacock-like), Linn.: DC. Prod. ii. 446. Red Sandal- wood. A tree 70 to 80ft. high (F. v. M.) ; on the Mulgrave I only saw small trees 30 to 40ft. high ; the young parts puberulent. Leaves deciduous, abruptly pinnate, 1 to lift. long. Pinnae about 10, 2 to 5in. long. Leaflets 8 to 14, oblong, the largest l£in. long, lin. broad, glaucous pubescent beneath. Flowers small, yellow, in terminal racemose panicles, pedicels minute. Calyx i line long. Petals 1 line long. Pods curved, 4 to 6in. long, linear, acuminate at both ends, when ripe closely curled, glabrous on the outside. Seeds shining, scarlet, lenticuiate, compressed, 4 to 5 lines diameter.
Hab.: Mulgrave River and other tropical localities.
S. Kurz, Forest FI. Brit. Burma i. 417, remarks : — “ Wood rather heavy, coarse, fibrous, light- brown or yellowish-grey, turning brown at exposure, hard and close-grained, soon attacked by Xylophages ; the heart-wood dark-brown, solid, hard and durable, suitable for cabinet-work. Wood yields a red dye. The scarlet seeds are used by jewellers for weights, also for ornaments, &c.”
I have no sample of the wood of the Queensland tree.
2. A. abrosperma (seeds like those of Abrus), V. v. M. Fragm. v. 30; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 299. “Oon-doo,” Mitchell River, Palmer; “ Rokowara,” Palmer River, Iioth. A tree of about 36ft. in height, the trunk often having a diameter of l|ft. The young growth usually puberulous. Leaves usually having 6 pinme about 3in. long, subopposite, the common petiole 2in. long. Leaflets oblong, emarginate, fin. long, |in. broad, pale on the under side, the erecto-patent lateral nerves, prominent on the upper surface, looping some distance from the margin. Pod straight, scarcely stipitate, 5in. long, fin. broad, very obtuse, somewhat tapering at the base, thickened at the sutures, valves thick, very dark and nearly smooth outside. Seeds 8 to 10, transverse, sunk in the substance of the valves ; funicle flexuose under the seed. Seeds somewhat pear-shaped and compressed, about 3^ lines long, the lower half red, the upper black, very glossy.
Hab.: Near Musgrave Telegraph Station, Cape York Peninsula, T. Barclay-Millar, who describes the bark and leaves as very bitter ; Mitchell River, E. Palmer ; and from the Gilbert to the coast on sandy land.
Wood close-grained, very heavy, of a dark-red colour. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 128,
Seeds roasted in the pods before being eaten, Mitchell River. Palmer,
Bark thrown into water for “ poisoning ” fish. — Both,
Part II, T,
472
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
90. NEPTUNIA, Lour.
(After Neptune, some species being aquatic.)
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate in the bud, cohering or free. Stamens in the perfect flowers 10 or (in the Australian species) 5, free ; anthers ovate, tipped with a deciduous gland, very rarely wanting ; pollen granular. Ovary stipitate, with 2 or several ovules ; style filiform, with a truncate or concave stigma. Lower flowers of the head male or more frequently neuter, with long linear staminodia. Pod short and broad, flat, turned downwards, 2-valved, without pulp inside. Seeds transverse, flattened, ovate or orbicular, the funicle not dilated. — Procumbent or floating perennials or undershrubs. Leaves abruptly bipinnate, with small leaflets, either without glands or with a depressed gland below the pinnae. Stipules membranous, obliquely cordate. Peduncles axillary, usually with 2 distant stipule-like deciduous bracteoles, and bearing a single globular or ovoid flower-head. Flowers small, sessile, mostly hermaphrodite, but a few of the lower ones either like the others but male by the abortion of the ovary, or neuter with a smaller calyx and corolla, and long linear almost petal-like staminodia.
A small genus, widely diffused over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World, extending also into N. America. The two Australian species are endemic, and differ from all others in their stamens always 5 only instead of 10. — Benth.
Peduncles slender, 1 to 3in. long. Ovules several. Pod oblong, with
several seeds 1. N. gracilis.
Peduncles very short. Ovules 2. Pod orbicular, 1-seeded 2. N. monosperma.
1. N. gracilis (slender), Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 355, and FI. Austr. ii. 300. Stock perennial, often woody, with procumbent or ascending stems of about 1ft. or rarely twice as long, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Pinnas usually 1 or 2 pairs ; leaflets 6 to 20 pairs, oblong-linear, falcate, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long ; glands none in the ordinary form, but small setaceous stipellse under the pinnae. Stipules leafy, obliquely cordate, acuminate. Peduncles 1 to Sin. long, with 2 broad cordate bracteoles, one about the middle, the other much lower down, both very deciduous. Flower-head small, globular, with very few of the male or neuter flowers at the base and sometimes none at all. Hermaphrodite flowers smaller than in the extra-Australian species, always with 5 stamens only and few or sometimes none of the neuter ones at the base of the head. Gland of the anthers small, sometimes perhaps quite wanting. Ovules 6 to 8. Pod when perfect fin. long, about 4 lines wide, with 4 to 6 seeds.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay and Broadsound, It. Broicn ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; near Warwick, Beckler; in the interior, on the Maranoa, <irc., Mitchell , Leichhardt, and others.
Var. major. Larger and more erect. Leaves with a depressed gland below the lowest pair of pinnae, but less conspicuous than in N. monosperma. Flowers rather large. — Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; Rockhampton and Burdekin Biver, Herb. F. v. Mueller.
Var. villosula. More or less pubescent. Pinnae 3 or 4 pairs, without glands. Flower-heads rather large. — Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborouph.
2. N. monosperma (one-seeded), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 300. Stems apparently herbaceous, but stouter and taller than in N. gracilis (except perhaps in the var. major). Pinnfe 2 or 3 pairs ; leaflets 20 to 30 pairs, mostly 3 to 5 lines long ; gland large, depressed below the lowest pair of pinnae. Stipules and bracteoles very much smaller than in N. gracilis and very deciduous. Peduncles very short, rarely exceeding ^in. Flowers small, all with 5 stamens only, with very few or scarcely any of the neuter ones at the base of the head. Ovules always 2 only. Pod nearly orbicular, 9, 4, or rarely 5 lines diameter, with a single seed.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Henne ; Blackall, B. A. Banking.
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^J.
47B
91. -MIMOSA, Linn.
(Seeming to mimic, or to possess animal sensibility.)
Flowers small, capitate (or spicate), 4 or 5-merous. Calyx minute, campanu- late, dentate or irregularly laciniate with setaceous segments. Petals connate, more or less or nearly free, valvate. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, free, exserted ; anthers small, eglandular ; pollen grains indefinite. Pod oblong or linear, usually flat, valves separating entire or in transverse articles from the persistent sutural replum. — Herbs, shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent, aculeate or unarmed. Leaves bipinnate, often sensitive ; petiolar glands rarely present. Pedunculate heads (or spikes) axillary or racemose towards the extremities, solitary or fascicled.
A very large chiefly tropical American genus, with few outliers in the Old World. — Oliver.
1. 1ME. pudica (bashful), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 426. A prickly procumbent spreading shrub. Leaves digitate. Pinnae 3 to 4, nearly sessile, 2 to 3in. long; leaflets 24 to 40, glabrous, subcoriaceous. Flowers light purple or lilac, on small pedunculate heads, all down the branches, 1 or 2 from each axil. Pod Jin. long, 3 to 4-seeded, with very abundant straw-colored weak prickles from both sutures, as long as the breadth of the pod.
Hab.: Tropical America, but spread over most tropical countries, naturalised and quite a pest in some parts of Queensland.
92. ACACIA, Willd.
(From akazo, to sharpen ; many species spinescent.)
(Yachellia, W. and Am.; Tetracheilos, Lehm.; Chithonanthus, Lelim.)
Sepals 5, 4, or 3, free or united (wanting in A. Huegelii and A. squamata, W. Australian species). Petals as many, free or united (wanting in A. squamata). Stamens indefinite, usually very numerous, free or slightly connected at the very base. Pod linear or oblong, flat or nearly cylindrical, straight, falcate or variously twisted, opening in 2 valves or indehiscent. Seeds more or less flattened, usually marked in the centre of each face with an oval or horseshoe-shaped depression or opaque spot or ring, sometimes very obscure. Funicle usually thickened into a fleshy aril under or round the seed. — Trees, shrubs, climbers, or rarely undershrubs, with or without prickles or stipular spines. Leaves twice pinnate or reduced to a simple phyllodium or dilated petiole. Flowers usually yellow or white, in globular heads or cylindrical spikes, often polygamous.
A very large genus, dispersed over the warmer regions of the globe, and in Australia the most numerous in species of all Pheenogamous genera. Of the Australian species, one only, A. Farnesiana, is common to the warmer regions of the New and the Old World, the remainder are all endemic. Of these by far the greater number belong to the phyllodineous series, which is entirely Australian, with the exception of a very few from New Caledonia, the Indian Archipelago, and the Pacific Islands, none of which can be specifically identified with any Australian ones, although very near some of the tropical species. Acacias are also very generally distributed over every part of Australia, but are entirely absent from New Zealand. — Benth.
Taken as a whole, the genus is the most marked of those which have been dismembered from the Linnsen Mimosa, being at once distinguished from Inga and its allies by the free stamens, and from the true Mimosece by their indefinite number ; but, for its subdivision, notwithstanding considerable differences in the flowers and more striking ones in the fruit, it has been found impossible to establish upon these differences any definite sections, even among those species where both flowers and fruit are well known, and in the majority of specimens gathered the pod is neglected by collectors. Species with the most discrepant pods are sometimes almost identical in foliage, and, on the other hand, pods apparently identical sometimes belong to species widely different in foliage and even in flower. I have therefore on each of the three occasions when I have gone through the genus in detail, with a large number of specimens before me, in vain sought for any better mode of distributing the species than in Series, founded chiefly upon foliage and inflorescence. There are only one or two species in which the cylindrical spike appears to pass into the globular head, and the venation of the phyllodia is nearly, though not quite, as constant. The glands on the upper edge of the phyllodia and on the common petiole
474
XLIII. LEGUMINOSyE.
| Acacia.
in the compound leaf seldom afford even a specific distinction, and the bracts in the flower- head still less so, and I have therefore in the descriptions seldom mentioned them. The bracts arc almost always narrow, closely packed in with the flowers, and more or less dilated at the end, sometimes quite peltate ; generally the outer ones of each head are flatter, the inuer ones more slender and proportionally more dilated at the end, where they are usually ciliate and sometimes acuminate. The characters derived from the united or free sepals must be used with caution, for the sepals, at first united, often separate as the flowering advances. The forms assumed by the pod are tolerably constant in species, although rarely available for classing them in groups, so it is also with the seeds, transverse or longitudinal, and with the infinite variety of forms assumed by the funicle. This funicle on the ripe seed rarely remains short and filiform, it almost always forms two or three folds under the seed, the end of the last fold or the whole of the last and more or less of the lower folds being thickened into a variously-shaped small fleshy aril, usually described as a strophiole, but always a part of the funicle and con- tinuous with the lower filiform part, or forming the whole funicle ; occasionally the thickened part is much elongated, extending round one side of the seed, returning on the same side and forming another double fold on the other side, or completely encircling the seed in a double fold returning on the same side, or extending twice round without a return, or even encircling it in a triple fold. All these and other modifications appear to be constant in each species, but only rarely available for specific diagnosis, for in many species the funicle is as yet unknown ; it is often unsafe to rely on it unless the seed is quite ripe, and then the thin part of the funicle is so brittle that it is often destroyed merely by the elastic opening of the pod. — Bentli.
Leaves all or mostly reduced to flat terete or subulate phyllodia nr minute scales without leaflets.
iPhyllodiniEa.)
Flowers in globular heads.
Phyllodia none or reduced to minute scales. Branches rush-like, not
spineseent III. Calamiforafes.
Phyllodia (either small and tooth-like or vertically flattened or elongated) decurrent on or continuous with the branches. Branches 3 winged or the phyllodia (usually pungent) very shortly or scarcely
decurrent, but not articulate I. Continue.
Phyllodia articulate on the stems, at least when old.
Phyllodia rigid, tapering into pungent straight points, usually
narrow or short, not whorled II. Pungentes.
Phyllodia linear-subulate, terete or tetragonous, rarely slightly flattened, obtuse or with incurved or innocuous points, not
whorled III. Calamiformes.
Phyllodia terete or slightly flattened, usually short, all whorled or
crowded and irregularly whorled or clustered IV. Brunioidf;k.
Phyllodia vertically flattened, broader than thick, obtuse acute or with incurved or innocuous points.
Phyllodia 1-nerved, the veins pinnate, reticulate or rarely 1 or 2
secondary small nerves from the base on one side of the midrib V. Uninerves.
Phyllodia with 2, 3, or more parallel nerves VI. Plurinerves.
Flowers in cylindrical or oblong spikes.
Phyllodia rigid, tapering into pungent points.
Phyllodia several-nerved, decurrent on the stem 2 .A. triptera.
Phyllodia 1 or 3-nerved, articulate on the stem II. Pungentes.
Phyllodia obtuse, or with a callous, innocuous or hooked point . . . . VII. Jcliflor/e.
Leaves all bipinnate. Flowers in g lobular heads or rarely in spikes. (BipinnatSB.) Stipules none or brown and scarious. Spines none or axillary.
Flower-heads several, in axillary or paniculate racemes VIII. Botryocephal.e.
Stipules all or some of them spineseent. Flower-heads single on axil- lary peduncles IX. Gummifer®.
Div. I. PHYLLODINE.E. — Leaves mostly phyllodineous without leaflets.
Series I. Continual. — Phijllodia narrow, rigid, tapering into a pungent point, continuous with the stem and shortly and trifariously or irregularly decurrent. Flowers in heads or spikes
on axillary simple peduncles.
Flowers in globular heads. Phyllodia crowded on the branchlets,
slender and rigid, 2 to 4in. long. Pod nearly 1 Jin. broad 1 . A. Pence.
Flowers in cylindrical spikes. Phyllodia lanceolate, thick, several-
nerved 2. A. triptera
Series II. Pungentes. — Rigid shrubs, branches in some species spineseent. Phyllodia articulate on the stem, rigid, tapering into pungent points, subulate, linear or lanceolate, or rarely none. Flowers in heads or spikes, on axillary simple peduncles.
(Besides the following species a few of the short-leaved Calamiformes and of the small rigid- leaved Plurinerves might almost be classed among tbe Pungentes.)'
Acacia, j
XLIII. LEGUMIN0SJ1.
475
A. Flurinerves. — Phyllodia 2 or more nerved, or terete and nervele ss. Heads globular. Sepals united.
Seeds longitudinal (extratropical species).
Peduncles short. Pod 4 to 5 lines broad. Branches usually woolly 3. A. lanigera. Seeds obliquely transverse. Branches glabrous, somewhat viscid
(tropical species) 4. A. phlebocarpa.
B. Uninerves. — Phyllodia 1 -nerved. Heads globular.
Petals prominently striate. Pod thick, with broad smooth margins.
Flowers 5-merous.
Phyllodia straight, clustered at the old nodes. Peduncles slender.
Funicle encircling the seed 5. A. tetragonophylla.
Phyllodia scattered, divaricate, rather broader or with a small glandular angle at the base. Petals with a prominent midrib.
Peduncles slender. Funicle filiform (i. A. juniperina.
Series III. Calamiformes.— Phyllodia rarely none, more frequently narrow-linear or subulate, terete tetragonous or very slightly flattened, articulate on the stem, obtuse or with short innocuous or recurved points, 1 or several-nerved. Flowers in globular heads on simple axillary peduncles, or rarely several heads in a short raceme, or irregularly racemose by the abortion of the floral phyllodia.
(Some of Ser. VII., Julijlorce, have similar phyllodia, but cylindrical or ovoid fiower-spikes.)
A. Flurinerves. —Phyllodia striate, with 2, 8, or more nerves on each side.
Phyllodia mostly nearly lin. long, with a hooked or recurved point.
Peduncles 3 to 4 lines long. Petals narrow, membranous (tropical
species) 7. A. Bynoeana.
B. Uninerves. — Phyllodia 1 -nerved or nerveless.
Phyllodia mostly elongated, above ljin long.
Peduncles 1-headed. Sepals spathulate.
Phyllodia 1J to 2 or rarely 3in. long ; nerve prominent. Petals
with a prominent midrib 8. A. pugioniformis.
Phyllodia 3 to 6in. long, obscurely nerved. Petals without any prominent nerve 9. A. juncifolia.
Peduncles mostly bearing a raceme of 2 or 3 heads. Calyx shortly
toothed or lobed 10. A. calamifolia.
Series IV. Brunioideae. — Phyllodia numerous, small, linear-subulate (except A. conferta), verticillate, clustered or crowded, obtuse or ivith innocuous or rarely rigid points. Flowers in globular heads or simple axillary peduncles, usually exceeding the phyllodia.
Phyllodia 8 to 10 or more in the whorl, slender, under ljin. long.
Petals striate.
Phyllodia recurved at the end, sulcate. Pod sessile 11. A. lycopodifolia.
Phyllodia recurved at the end, not sulcate. Pod on a stipes of 2 to 3
lines 12. A. galioides.
Phyllodia 5 to 7 in the whorl, recurved at the end, not sulcate. Petals
not striate, with a prominent midrib 13. A. Baueri.
Phyllodia crowded, but scattered or irregularly verticillate, under Jin. long.
Phyllodia linear subulate 14. A. bruniades.
Phyllodia flattened 15. A. conferta.
Series V. Uninerves. — Phyllodia vertically fattened, either narrow and obtuse or with a short oblique point, or broad and obtuse, acute or rarely pungent-pointed, with 1 central or nearly marginal nerve, or very rarely 2 -nerved. Flowers in globular heads, either on simple axillary
peduncles, solitary, in pairs or clusters, or several in axillary racemes.
A. Armatae. — Shrubs or umlershrubs, not spinescent. Phyllodia from obovate to lanceo- late, rarely above 1 Jin. long, more or less undulate, with a central nerve and usually nerve-like margins ; marginal glands none or very small and obscure. Stipules generally persistent, either spinescent or setaceous or acuminate or phyllodia like. Peduncles 1 headed.
Hirsute or glabrous. Phyllodia obliquely semiovate or lanceolate.
Stipules spinescent (wanting in some garden varieties) 16 A. urmatu.
Some garden specimens of A. armata have some of the phyllodia 2-nerved ; the other 2 or more nerved species, formerly included in Armatee, are now transferred to the Plurinerves.
18, A. hispidula, and 19, A. undulifolia , among Breuifolue, have the undulate phyllodia, but not the stipules of Armata’, and 22, A. sentis, among Angustifoli<e, has occasionally spinescent
stipules.
476
XLII1. LEGUMlNOSiE.
[Acacia.
B. Brevifolise. — Shrubs, never spinescent. Phyllodia either broad ovate or falcate, or narrow, oblong or linear, short, obtuse or with a small recurved innocuous point, occasionally undulate and more pointed. Stipules minute or none. Peduncles 1-headed.
Phyllodia from obovate-orbicular to linear, obtuse but with the nerve
ending in a small recurved point. Sepals free, linear-spathulate.
Phyllodia rarely exceeding Jin., linear. Branches scarcely angular.
Flowers 10 to 15 or rarely 20 in the head 17. A. lineata.
Branches scarcely angular.
Phyllodia oblong-falcate, often undulate, the nerve-like margin
scabrous denticulate 18. A. hispidula.
Phyllodia broadly ovate or orbicular, mucronate, much undulate,
entire. Peduncles slender 19. A. undulifolia.
Phyllodia obliquely truncate at the base, 1 -nerved, the upper side
with a spine at the angle 20. A. plagiophylla.
C. Ang-ustifoliae. — Shrubs or trees, not spinescent. Phyllodia oblong -lanceolate or linear, occasionally falcate, with 1 central nerve or rarely 2 -nerved, mostly above 1 in. long. Stipules minute or none, or rarely spinescent. Peduncles 1-headed. Some of the species very resinous.
Peduncles usually nearly or above Jin. long. Phyllodia always 1-nerved.
Very resinous. Lateral veins few, rather prominent, anastomosing.
Calyx toothed or lobed. Phyllodia narrow-linear, numerous .. ..21. A. Gnidium.
Not resinous. Lateral veins scarcely conspicuous. Phyllodia with a prominent midrib.
Calyx short, truncate 28. ^4. salicina.
Sepals narrow, free.
Pedicels solitary or in pairs, the upper ones often racemose from the abortion of the phyllodia. Stipules often spinescent.
Phyllodia rarely above 2in. long 22. A. sentis.
Pedicels slender, clustered in the axils. Stipules not spinescent.
Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, 4 to 6in. long 23. A. fasciculifera.
D. Racemosae. — Not spinescent. Phyllodia not pungent (except in a few broad-leaved species), with one central nerve or very rarely a second shorter or fainter one, the veinlets when visible diverging from the midrib or reticulate. Flower-heads globular, few or all or nearly all in axillary racemes, very rarely a few solitary in the lower axils of a young branch. Flowers usually small and 5-merous in all except A. myrtifolia. Petals not striate.
Phyllodia mostly long, falcate-lanceolate or almost linear, narrowed at the ends, more or less distinctly penniveined. Calyx about half as long as the corolla.
Eastern species. Flower-heads small.
Phyllodia mostly long lanceolate-falcate.
Sepals free, narrow. Gland of the phyllodia at the base or none.
Funicle surrounding the seed 24. A. falcata.
Sepals united. Gland of the phyllodia at the base or none.
Veinlets transverse ; funicle short 25. A. macradenia.
Sepals united. Gland of the phyllodia distant from the base, a secondary nerve often leading to it. Veinlets obtuse. Funicle surrounding the seed 26. A. penninervis.
Phyllodia mostly long linear-falcate.
Sepals free or nearly so. Gland at the base of the phyllodia
minute or none. Funicle short, the last fold clavate . . . . 27. A. neriifolia.
Phyllodia (on flowering branches) 14 to 2Jin. long, usually with 2 or 3 distant glands. Racemes many-headed. Sepals at first cohering.
Three folds of the funicle encircling the seed 29. A. amoena.
Phyllodia 2 to 5in. long, scarcely falcate, thick, obscurely reticulate.
Racemes few-headed. Sepals at first cohering. Funicle clavate,
scarcely folded at the base 30. A. hakeoides.
(See also the longest-leaved forms of A. crassiuscula and A. decora.)
Phyllodia linear, thick, rarely falcate-lanceolate, usually without glands, the lateral veins reticulate and obscure, mostly oblong-linear, obtuse.
Pod thick. Calyx short, thin, truncate. Seeds longitudinal .. ..28. A. salicina.
Phyllodia linear or lanceolate, usually thick. Sepals very thin or
narrow, distinct. Pod very flat, obtuse. Seeds transverse. Young racemes often enclosed in imbricate scales.
Young branches acutely triquetrous. Pod broad, coriaceous and glaucous. Sepals very thin. Phyllodia mostly above 3in. long . . 31. A. suaveolens.
Branchlets dark, viscid. Phyllodia linear, gland at base 32. A. Dietrichiana.
Young branches scarcely angular. Pod membranous. Sepals very
narrow. Phyllodia several inches long, narrow linear 33. A. Murrayana.
Acacia. J
XLIIL LEGUMIN0SJ3.
477
Phyllodia rarely exceeding l|in., linear-lanceolate or obliquely oblong, not very thick, without thick margins.
Pod flat, 4 to 6 lines broad, not contracted between the seeds. Seeds along the centre.
Glabrous or pubescent. Flowers under 15 in the head.
Phyllodia linear, straight 34. A. linifolia.
Hispid with long hairs. Flowers above 20 in the head 35. A. Leichhardtii.
Pod rather thick, coriaceous, 2 to 2£ lines broad, contracted between
the seeds. Flowers about 20 in the head 36. A. crxssiuscula.
Pod flat, about 3 lines broad, often contracted between the seeds.
Seeds close to the edge.
Phyllodia linear or lanceolate, 1 to l£in. Flowers 15 to 20 in the head 37. A. decora. Phyllodia obliquely oblong or broadly lanceolate, rarely above lin.
long. Flowers 8 to 15 in the head 38. A. buxifolia.
Phyllodia falcate oblong or obliquely ovate, rarely above lin. long.
Flowers 4 to 10 in the head 39. A. liuiata.
Phyllodia ovate obovate or broadly oblong, usually under lin., or in Nos. 40 and 41 often ljin. long.
Racemes much longer than the phyllodia.
Glaucous and scarcely pubescent. Phyllodia ovate obovate or
broadly oblong, 1 to ljin. long. Flowers numerous 40. A. podalyriafolia.
Softly pubescent. Phyllodia elliptical falcate or broadly and
obliquely oblong, ljin. or rather longer. Flowers numerous .. 41. A. uncifera. Glaucous and glabrous. Phyllodia falcate-ovate or curved-oblong,
under lin. long. Flowers 10 to 20 42. A. cultriformis.
Phyllodia incurved-falcate, ovate lanceolate or linear, coriaceous with thick margins. Flowers 4-merous, 2 to 4 or rarely 6 in the head.
Racemes rarely exceeding the leaves 43. A. myrtifolia.
Series VI. Plurinerves. — Phyllodia vertically flattened, obtuse or with an innocuous or recurved point (rarely pungent when the phyllodium is broad), with 2 or more longitudinal nerves. Flowers in globular heads on axillary peduncles, either solitary or clustered err shortly racemose.
A. Triangulares. — Stipules setaceous or minute, not spinescent. Phyllodia small (under fin. long), broadly falcate-ovate or triangular with small points often pungent.
Phyllodia triangular. Pod narrow, curved or twisted, glabrous.
Branches usually spinescent. Phyllodia rather distant. Flowers
20 to 30 in the head 44. A. sublanata.
Branches elongated, rather rigid. Phyllodia numerous. Flowers 10 to 15 in the head 45. A. amblygona.
B. Brevifolise. — Phyllodia tinder 1 in. long, obovate ovate or broadly oblong, very obtuse,
often undulate. Stipules inconspicuous.
Phyllodia f to lin. long. Petals strongly striate.
Phyllodia faintly nerved. Calyx shortly toothed. Pod thick and
hard, hooked at the end, tapering into a long stipes 46. A. translucens.
Phyllodia several-nerved. Sepals spathulate, free or separating. Pod thinly coriaceous, flat with thickened parallel margins, glutinous and villous 47. A. impressa.
C. Oligoneurae. — Phyllodia above fin. and mostly above 1 in. long, oblong lanceolate or linear, straight or scarcely falcate, with 2 or 3 nerves, faintly or not at all veined between them (except A. Simsiij, and not glutinous.
Peduncles solitary or clustered.
Phyllodia rigid, prominently 3-nerved, rarely 2-nerved, long, linear.
Calyx turbinate, lobed 48. A. elongata.
Phyllodia less rigid, nerves 3 rarely 2, less prominent, and often veins between them, not glutinous nor dotted 49. A. Simsii.
D. IVXicroneura. — Glabrous or glaucous and not glutinous. Phyllodia thick, veinless or with very fine scarcely prominent parallel veins, narrow or rarely short and obovate.
Phyllodia linear-lanceolate, 1 to 3in. long.
Flower-heads on short peduncles.
Pod 2 to 3 lines broad, coriaceous, longitudinally striate 50. A. homalophylla.
Pod curved sometimes into a complete circle, veined, 2 to 3in. long,
fin. broad 51. A. Georgiiue.
Pod 5 lines broad, thin, flat, transversely reticulate 52. A. pendula.
Flower-heads sessile 53. A. Oswaldi.
Phyllodia linear, fit. long or more.
Veins only visible under a lens 54. A. coriacea .
Veins very fine but prominent 55. A. stenophylla.
Phyllodia linear-lanceolate, falcate, £ft. long or more 62. A. harpophyllu.
478
XL11I. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Acacia.
E. Nervosa;. — Often viscid, occasionally glaucous, rarely Iwary or pubescent. Phyllodia straight or sometimes falcate, coriaceous or thin, with several prominent nerves and, when broad, reticulate between them, the nerves rarely reduced to 3 when the phyllodium is narrow.
Very viscid. Nerves or veins numerous.
Nerves parallel scarcely anastomosing.
Phyllodia narrow-linear 56. A. viscidula.
Phyllodia linear-lanceolate or oblong 57. A. ixiopliylla.
Reticulate veins very prominent,- anastomosing with the nerves 58. A. dictyophleba.
Not viscid. Nerves or veins usually numerous.
Phyllodia nearly straight, coriaceous, many-nerved, strongly reticulate.
Phyllodia oblong-lanceolate. Funicle folded and thickened under
the seed 59. A. venulosa.
Phyllodia falcate-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse. Veins numerous.
Funicle encircling the seed 60. ^L. melanoxylon.
Phyllodia long and falcate, coriaceous.
Reticulate veins numerous.
Pod broad. Funicle encircling the seed in a double fold .. .. 60. A. melanoxylon.
Pod narrow, twisted. Funicle folded under the seed 61. A. implexa.
Reticulate veins few, scarcely conspicuous, nerves several, fine .. 62. A. harpophylla.
Phyllodia rather thin, straight, with several nerves and few fine inter- mediate veins.
Branches terete 63. A. excelsa.
Branches flattened, 2-edged or 2-winged 64. A. complanata.
Branches flattened, drooping, about 2 lines broad, smooth. Phyllodia
falcate-lanceolate 65. A. homaloclada.
F. Dimidiate. — Phyllodia usually broad and often long, falcate or very oblique, with 2, 3 or 4 prominent distant nerves, and reticulately penniveined between them.
Glabrous. Phyllodia rather thin (3 to 4in.) Flower-heads in axillary
racemes growing out into leafy branches. Pod 6 to 8 lines broad ... 66. A. binervata. Branchlets flattened.
Phyllodia broad-lanceolate. Petals and sepals villous. Funicle
filiform, not folded 67. A. Bakeri.
Phyllodia linear-lanceolate (6 to 7in.). Pod broad (ljin.) in the upper
half, sharply cuneate towards the base 68. A. Rothii.
Hoary or glaucous. Phyllodia large, broad (3 to 4in.) Pod above lin.
broad 69. A. sericata.
Young shoots hoary or yellowish-tomentose. Phyllodia large, broad (4
to 8in.) Flower-heads small, in a terminal panicle. Pod fin. broad 70. A. flavescens. Angular towards the ends of the branches. Phyllodia scaly-hoary,
falcate-oblong 71. A. oraria.
Series VII. JTulifloree. — Phyllodia vertically flattened or in a fete species terete, several- nerved or rarely \-nerved, obtuse acute or pointed, rarely slightly pungent. Flowers in cylindrical dense or interrupted spikes, rarely, when sessile, shortly oblong.
A. Rigridulse. — Phyllodia flat, often short, straight oblique or shortly falcate. Spikes dense. Flowers 5-merous.
Phyllodia broad, about Jin. long. Spikes pedunculate. Calyx sinuate- toothed. Seeds oblique 72. A. Wickhami.
Phyllodia narrow, obtuse with a short point, J to ljin. long.
Phyllodia obscurely 3 to 5-nerved. Pod 3 to 6 lines broad. Seeds
oblique 73. A. lysiphlaa.
Phyllodia obscurely 1-nerved. Pod 1J line broad. Seeds longitudinal 74. A. linarioides.
Seeds transverse 75. A. Chisholmi.
Phyllodia rather broad, coriaceous, mostly 1 to 3in. rarely 4in. long, obtuse or with a glandular callous point, straight oblique or shortly falcate.
Tomentose or pubescent. Stipules conspicuous. Phyllodia 1 to 2in.
long, 2 to 4-nerved, with anastomosing veins. Pod narrow . . . . 76. A. stipuligera.
Glabrous, except the young shoots. Phyllodia obliquely narrowed at both ends, somewhat undulate, with a terminal gland often large, very coriaceous, 5 to 9-nerved. Spikes sessile. Pod terete, turgid.
Seeds oblique 77. A. umbellata.
Phyllodia broadly oblong-falcate, obtuse or with a hooked callous point, very coriaceous. Spikes dense. Flowers not 1 line long. Pod flat,
stipitate. Seeds oblique 78. A. brevifolia.
Phyllodia nearly straight, coriaceous, obtuse, 3 to 4in. long. Pod narrow.
Seeds longitudinal. Branches very angular. Spikes pedunculate. .. 79. A. yonoclada.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS2E.
479
B. Tetrameras. — Phyllodia flat , coriaceous or thin, straight or falcate, several-nerved or 1 -nerved when very narrow. Spikes often loose. Flowers 4-merous. Seeds longitudinal.
Spikes usually slender or interrupted.
Phyllodia rarely falcate, 2 to Gin. long or more, 3 to 5-nerved, broadly
oblong and much reticulate or narrow and scarcely veined . . . . 80. A. longifolia.
Phyllodia long, narrow-linear, mostly 1 -nerved 81. A. linearis.
(A few species of the following Stenophyllce have 4-merous flowers, but with linear-terete finely striate phyllodia.)
C. StenophylltE. — Phyllodia linear-subulate or narrow-linear, straight or slightly curved, terete or flat but thick, rarely under 2in. long or above 1J line broad. Spikes dense, short or slender, with small 5-merous, or in terete-leaved species often 4-merous flowers.
Spikes sessile. Flowers 5-merous or 4-merous. Pod narrow. Phyllodia very long, minutely striate under a lens. Spikes Jin. long. Flowers
5-merous 82. A. cyperophylla.
Spikes pedunculate. Flowers usually 5-merous Pod narrow, with longitudinal seeds in A. pityoides ; hard, with valves rolling back elastically and oblique seeds, in A. xylocarpa, A. gonocarpa, and A. drepanocarpa ; flat, broad, thin, with oblique or transverse seeds in A. aneura.
Phyllodia terete or scarcely flattened, very finely striate under a lens.
Calyx thin and deeply divided, the lobes not spathulate 83. A. pityoides.
Sepals free, narrow-spathulate 84. A. aneura.
Phyllodia broad-linear, curved at the point, with many fine nerves.
Seeds longitudinal, oblong 85. A. cibaria.
Phyllodia oblong, tapering at the base, 2in. long, closely striate. Pod
not 2in. long, Jin. broad. Seeds transverse 88. A. Kempeana.
Phyllodia terete, nerveless or obscurely 1-nerved. Calyx lobed . . .. 87. A. xylocarpa.
Pyllodia very narrow but flat, 1-nerved. Sepals free 88. A. gonocarpa.
Phyllodia flat but thick, prominently 3 or 5-nerved, obtuse (tropical
species 89. A . drepanocarpa.
Phyllodia flat, minutely striate under a lens. Sepals free, linear- spathulate. Spikes cylindrical 84. A. aneura.
D. Falcatae. — Phyllodia usually long or large, more or less falcate, narrowed at each end, with numerous parallel nerves or veins either all equal or the central one or several more prominent than the others, the smaller ones occasionally anastomosing. Spikes slender, dense or rarely interrupted. Flowers mostly 5-merous.
(Several species of this group cannot be distinguished without the fruit.)
Pod (where known and probably in all the species) narrow, with longi- tudinal seeds, or rarely broader with the longitudinal seeds along the centre.
Phyllodia narrow-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, rather thick, slightly falcate, with very fine parallel nerves, the midrib usually more prominent.
Loosely pubescent. Stipules conspicuous. Phyllodia not above 3in.
long 90. A. conspersa.
Glabrous or the young shoots silky-pubescent. Stipules incon- spicuous. Phyllodia mostly above 3in. long. Pod unknown . . 91. A. doratoxylon.
Phyllodia narrow-lanceolate, not so thick and rather more falcate than in the preceding species, usually with about 3 nerves more prominent than the rest.
Phyllodia sprinkled with a few hairs. Pod flat, slightly convex over
the seeds 92. A. delibrata.
Phyllodia glabrous. Nerves numerous. Pod very convex over the seeds and moniliform 93. A. torulosa.
Phyllodia glabrous. Pod spirally twisted into numerous coils .. 94. A. julifera.
Phyllodia glabrous. Spikes interrupted, 2 to 3in. long (slender but dense in the preceding species) 95. A . Solandri.
Phyllodia more falcate than in the preceding species, often broader or longer, with more nerves. Pod narrow or flat, straight or twisted.
Branches scarcely angular. Phyllodia coriaceous, often hoary with
numerous very fine nerves, all free from the base. Calyx
pubescent 97. A . glaucescens.
Phyllodia almost glabrous, longitudinally striate. Pod narrow-
compressed and twisted 98. A. Maideni.
Branches very angular. Phyllodia with 1 or 2 of the principal
nerves confluent with the lower margin of the base. Pod twisted 99. A. Cunning hamii.
480
XL11I. LEGUM1NOS/E.
[ Acacia .
Branches terete or nearly so. Flowers glabrous.
Pod very narrow and straight 100. A. leptocarpa.
Pod broad, very flexuose or twisted, not spiral. Seeds along the
centre 101. A. polystachya.
Branches terete or nearly so. Flowers pubescent. Pod long and
slender, longitudinally striate and furrowed 102. A. holcocarpa.
Pod (where known and probably in all the species) rather broad, coriaceous, woody or rarely rather thin. Seeds very oblique or transverse. Parallel veins of the phyllodia usually numerous and closely packed.
Phyllodia long, narrow, and slightly falcate (as in A. julifera). Pod flat, with straight margins and undulate valves. Seeds orbicular.
Branches acutely angular 103. A. plcctocarpa.
Phyllodia broad, falcate or very oblique. Pod broad, hard, and woody, obliquely veined.
Branchlets 3-angled. Pod obtusely recurved or hooked at the end,
much narrowed at the base 104. A. aulacocarpa.
Branchlets very flat. Pod not hooked, narrowed at the base .. .. 105. A. calyculata.
Branchlets nearly terete or slightly angular. Pod broad, very hard, obliquely truncate at the base.
Pod flat or scarcely twisted, the outer margins entire 106. A. crassicarpa.
Pod much twisted, the outer margin deeply sinuate 107. A. auriculiformis.
Pod quite uncertain. Phyllodia narrowed at both ends, with numerous parallel veins or nerves, and usually falcate (as in the Falcatce), but
under 3in. long 96. A. leptostachyu.
E. Dimidiatte. — Phyllodia large, broad, very oblique or falcate, with 3 or more distant prominent nerves, more or less confluent at or near the lower margin at the base, pinnately net-
veined beticeen them.
Branchlets very acutely angular or almost winged.
Glabrous and glaucous. Spikes pedunculate. Flowers mostly 4-
merous 108. A. latifolia.
Hoary or silky-pubescent. Spikes sessile. Flowers mostly 5-merous 109. A. holosericea.
Branchlets subtriangular. Pod falcate 110 . A. Mangium.
Branchlets soon nearly terete. Pod spirally curled, forming a close curl
about lin. long 111. A. cincinnata.
Branchlets terete or scarcely angular.
Spikes 1 to 2in. long. Flowers glabrous. (Erect shrub) 112. A. dimidiata.
Spikes scarcely Jin. long, dense. Flowers densely pubescent. Stem
prostrate or diffuse 113. A. humifusa.
Div. II. BIPINNA TM. — Leaves all bipinnate.
Series VIII. Botryocephalae. — Leaves bipinnate. Stipules small or none. Flower-heads globular, in axillary racemes or terminal clusters.
Glabrous and glaucous. Leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, obov ate -oblong, very
obtuse, 4 to 6 lines long. Gland close to the lowest pinnae 114. A. spectabilis.
Foliage pubescent. Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs or more, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines
long. Gland at the base of the petiole 115. A. polybotrya.
Foliage glabrous. Leaflets 10 to 15 pairs, obtuse or acute, firm, pale
underneath, 3 to 4 lines long 116. A. discolor.
Pinnae 8 to 15 pairs. Leaflets very numerous, narrow-linear and very small, or 3 to 4 lines long and subulate.
Glabrous or, if tomentose, pubescent, the young shoots of a yellowish or golden tinge. Pod (always ?) under 4 lines broad, often con- tracted between the seeds 117. A. decurrens.
Silvery-tomentose or very glaucous. Pod (always?) above 4 lines
broad, not contracted between the seeds 118. A. dealbata.
Hirsute with spreading hairs of a reddish-brown colour. Leaflets
small. Glands few 119. A. Arundelliana.
Pinna 3 to 6 pairs. Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, oblong, under 2 lines long.
Branches glabrous or hispid. Flowers numerous, in dense heads ... 120. A. leptoclada.
Series IX. Gummiferse. — Leaves bipinnate. Stipules of some or all the leaves persistent
and spinescent. Flower-heads globular, on solitary or clustered simple peduncles . Bracts small, close under the flower-heads. Pinnae 4 to 6 pairs. Leaflets small, 10 to 20 pairs. Pod thick, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, in-
dehiscent, pithy between the seeds 121. A. Farnesiana.
Bracts forming a little 4-lobed ring round the middle of the peduncle.
Pinnae 15 to 25 pairs. Leaflets scarcely 1 line long. Flowers 4- merous. Pod coriaceous ; valves slightly convex, striate lengthwise 122. A. Bidwilli. Inflorescence spicate 123. A. Sutherlandi.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^.
481
1. A. Peuce (Pine-like), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 151 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 328. Ironwood. A tree of 15 to 30ft., with the aspect of a pine, quite glabrous and somewhat glaucous. Phyllodia rather crowded, not articulate, but very shortly decurrent on the stem, subulate-terete, rigid, tapering into pungent points, mostly 2 to 3in. long or rather more, straight and erect, with few slightly prominent nerves. Stipules very minute and deciduous. Flowers . . . Pod undulate, very flat, glaucous, several inches long and nearly l^in. broad. Seeds broadly ovate, flat, the funicle filiform to the end.
Hab.: Birdsville, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
2. A. triptera (three- winged), Benth. in Hook. LoncL. Journ. i. 325, and FI. Austr. ii. 323 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. ix. A dense rigid shrub of 3 or 4ft., quite glabrous. Phyllodia numerous, lanceolate, recurved-falcate, decurrent on the stem, rigid and tapering into a pungent point, ^ to lin. long, striate with several prominent nerves, without any marginal gland. Stipules scarcely any. Peduncles short, solitary or 2 together, bearing each a cylindrical spike of ^ to fin. Flowers not crowded, very small and globular in the bud, mostly 4-merous. Calyx short, broad, lobed. Petals membranous and smooth. Pod curved, flexuose, 2 to 2^in. long, to 2 lines broad, slightly constricted between the seeds. Seeds longi- tudinal ; the funicle forming 2 or 3 folds at the base of the seeds.
Hab.: Sandstone ridges, Mantuan Downs, Mitchell ; also in Leichhardt's collection.
3. A. lanigera (woolly), A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 345 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 324. A rigid shrub of several feet, the young shoots usually woolly- pubescent. Phyllodia linear or lanceolate, rigid, tapering into a pungent point,
1 to 1| or rarely 2in. long, mostly 2 to 3 lines broad, with several nerves, occa- sionally anastomosing or all parallel. Peduncles exceedingly short, solitary,
2 together or almost clustered, bearing a globular head of about 30 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx campanulate, with broad obtuse lobes, not half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, united to the middle. Pod attaining 6 to bin. in length, and 4 or even 5 lines in breadth at the seeds, much contracted between them ; the valves slightly convex. Seeds longitudinal, last short fold of the funicle and the end of the next much thickened, the remainder of the latter and the third fold filiform and extending some way round the seed, but not seen perfect. — Bot. Mag. t. 2922.
Hab.: Stanthorpe.
Var. gracilipes. Peduncles rather longer, although shorter than in A. trinervata.
A. multinervia, DC. Mem. Leg. 445, Prod. ii. 450, answers, in the short character given, to A. lanigera, with the exception of the gland on the upper edge of the phyllodium, which I do not find in that or any other allied species known to me.— Benth.
4. A. phlebocarpa (pods veined), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. 119 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 325 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vii. 5. A glabrous, somewhat viscid shrub of 2 to 5ft.; branches nearly terete. Phyllodia narrow-lanceolate, rigid, tapering into a pungent point, 1 to l£in. long, mostly 2 to 3 lines broad, narrowed at the base, with several parallel nerves occasionally anastomosing, 1 to
3 more prominent. Stipules small. Peduncles solitary, attaining £in. when in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, but only seen withered. Calyx turbinate, lobed, half as long as the corolla. Petals apparently striate. Pod curved, hard, rather flat, with much thickened margins and obliquely veined between them, depressed between the seeds. Seeds rounded, compressed, oblique ; funicle with the last 2 or 3 folds much dilated into a cup-shaped apparently 2-lobed aril, enclosing the base of the seed.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria.
The species appears to be closely allied to A. lanigera. — Bentli.
482 XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE. [Acacia.
5. A. tetragonophylla (four-angled phyllodia), F. v. M. in Journ. [Ann. Sac. iii. 121 (under A. sphacelata), and Fragm. iv. 8 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 880 ; F. v. M. lc. Dec. i. 7. A tall spreading shrub or small tree, glabrous ; branches terete. Phyllodia usually clustered on the old nodes, linear-subulate, rigid, pungent- pointed, | to lin. long or rarely more, with 1 or 2 nerves on each side. Stipules small, deciduous. Peduncles solitary or 2 together, nearly as long as the phyllodia, bearing a globular head of numerous (often above 50) 5-merous flowers. Sepals linear-spathulate, half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, usually cohering to the middle. Pod much curved or twisted, flat with thickened margins, nearly 8 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal ; funicle yellow, shortly flexuose and much thickened at the base, then completely encircling the seed in a single fold more or less dilated the whole length.
Hab.: Bulloo Biver, J. F. Bailey.
6. A. juniperina (Juniper-like), Willi. Spec. PI. iw 1049; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 381. A rigid bushy divaricate shrub, attaining several feet, the branches pubescent or in some varieties glabrous. Phyllodia scattered, often numerous, divaricate, linear-subulate, rigid and tapering into a pungent point, rarely above Jin. long, with a prominent nerve on each side and a rather broad base. Peduncles often exceeding the leaves, bearing each a dense globular head of numerous (20 to 50) flowers, mostly 5-merous. Bracts more or less acuminate. Sepals narrow-spathulate, at first united but readily separating. Petals also separating, smooth but with prominent midribs. Pod more or less falcate, flat, 1 to 2in. long, about 2 lines broad, usually contracted between the seeds. Seeds longitudinal, the funicle but little folded and filiform to the end. — Mimosa juni- perina, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 64; M. vlicina, Wendl. Coll. ii. 25, t. 6; M. ulicifolia, Salisb. Prod. 324?; A. juniperina, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 398; DC. Prod.
ii. 449 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 105 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 7 ; A. verticillata, Sieb. PI. Exs. not of Willd.; A. eeliinula, DC. Prod. ii. 449 ; A. punqens, Spreng. Syst.
iii. 134.
Hab.: Moreton Island and Brisbane Biver, F. v. Mueller. Flowering in October.
Var. Brownei. Branches glabrous ; peduncles slender. — A. acicularis, B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 3, v. 460, not of Willd.; altered to A. pugioniformis, by Wendl. in Flora, 1819, 139, but not A. pugioniformis, Wendl. Comm.; A. Brownii, Steud.; DC. Prod. ii. 449 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1333; A. arceutlios, Spreng. Syst. iii. 134.
A. genistifolia, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 442 ; DC. Prod. ii. 449, above referred with doubt to A. trinervata, may, from the very incomplete description given, be almost equally referable to some forms of A. juniperina. — Bentli.
7. A. Bynoeana (after Dr. Bynoe), Bentli. inLinnaa , xxvi. 614, and FI. Austr. ii. 337 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. iii. 11. Shrubby, with numerous branches, loosely pubescent and sometimes glutinous. Phyllodia numerous, linear-terete, striate with several nerves, usually recurved at the point, rarely above lin. long Stipules small, deciduous. Peduncles 3 to 4 lines long, bearing each a small globular head of about 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx with narrow ciliate lobes. Petals narrow, smooth, not much longer than the calyx and quite distinct. Pod much curved, flat, with thickened margins, scarcely above 1 line broad. Seeds oblong, longitudinal, the last fold of the funicle, and sometimes part of the next also, thickened into a fleshy aril. — A. leptophylla , F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 9.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller.
These specimens are alluded to by F. v. Mueller, PI. Viet. ii. 12, as nearly resembling A. Wil- helmsiana. The corresponding ones, both in Herb. Hooker and in Herb. Sonder, were, by some mistake, labelled as A. Wilhelmsiana from the Murray scrub, and were mentioned by me in Linnsea, xxvi. 613, as a var. of A. nematophylla , F. v. M. The latter is, however, a short-leaved form of A. calamifolia, which has never more than 1 nerve on each side of the phyllodium. — Benth.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
483
8. A. pugioniformis (dagger form), Wencll. Comm. Arar. 38, t. 9, hut not the syn. given in Flora, 1819, 139 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 338. A tall glabrous shrub, with slender slightly angular branches. Phyllodia rather numerous, straight or slightly curved, mostly erect, linear-subulate, 1J to 2 or rarely 3in. long, abruptly terminating in a short straight point, nearly tetragonous by a prominent nerve on each side. Stipules minute. Peduncles solitary or 2 together, 2 to 3 lines or rarely Jin. long, bearing each a globular head of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals linear-spathulate, ciliate, at length free, about half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, with a prominent midrib. Pod unknown — DC. Prod. ii. 450 ; A. quaclrilateralis, DC. Prod. ii. 451.
Hab.: Brisbane and Logan Rivers, A. Cunningham ; also in Leichhardt's collection.
The A. quadrilateralis inserted by Decaisne in the Herb. Tim. Deser. 132 as a Timor plant, which I have not seen, is more likely to be the following species. — Benth. .
9. A. juncifolia (Rush-leaved), Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 341, and FI. Austr. ii. 839 ; F. r. M. lc. Dec. ii. A tall glabrous shrub, with slender branches, quite terete. Phyllodia linear-subulate, erect or spreading, slightly flattened with a scarcely prominent nerve on each side, 3 to Bin. long or even more, with a very short erect or curved point or obtuse. Stipules minute. Peduncles solitary or 2 together, rarely Jin. long, bearing each a small globular head of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals spathulate, at length free, half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, without the prominent midrib of A. pugioniformis. Pod straight, flat or flexuous, often 3 or 4in. long, 1J to 2 lines wide. Seeds obovate-oblong, longitudinal ; funicle not folded, slightly thickened towards the end. — A. pinifolia, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 342.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, E. coast, R. Brown ; Port Bowen, A. Cunningham ; near Mount Pluto, Mitchell ; also in Leichhardt’s collection.
Var. planifolia. Phyllodia flatter, nearly a line broad, with a more prominent midrib, almost like those of A. subulata, but the peduncles all simple. — In Mitchell’s collection (Benth.)
10. A. calamifolia (cane-like), Sweet, in Hindi. Bot. Beg. t. 839 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 339. A tall shrub, glabrous and often glaucous or slightly mealy, the branches rather slender and terete. Phyllodia linear-subulate, in the northern specimens very slender and mostly 3 to 4in. long, in the more southern ones usually about 2in., and from that to 3in. rarely shorter, and then often slightly flattened and nearly 1 line broad but thick, sometimes slender as in the long ones, always tapering into a fine recurved point which only wears away with age, nerveless or with one fine nerve on each side. Flower-heads globular, smaller than in A. pugioniformis, and usually 3 or 4 in a short raceme, more rarely solitary. Flowers numerous, mostly 5-merous. Calyx thin and trans- parent, with short, broad, ciliate lobes, often splitting into spathulate sepals. Petals smooth, distinct. Pod often 5 or 6in. long, usually curved, 2 to 2J lines broad, but much contracted between the distant seeds, the valves hard and convex over the seeds. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle long, often almost encircling the seed, then bent back and returning within the previous fold, thickened at the end into a long clavate or shortly turbinate fleshy aril. — Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 909 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 12 ; A. pulverul'enta, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 312 (the shorter-leaved southern specimens).
Hab.: Stanthorpe.
11. A. lycopodifolia (Club Moss-leaved), A. Cunn. in Ilook. Jr. PI. t. 172; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 343. A much-branched diffuse or divaricate shrub, clothed with very short spreading hairs and more or less viscid. Phyllodia verticillate, about 8 to 10 in the whorl, subulate, rarely above 3 lines long and often only 1 to 2 lines, sulcate with a prominent vein on each side, erect at the base, recurved at the end with a fine glabrous viscid point, sometimes very short, sometimes nearly
484
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
f Acacia.
as long as the phyllodium. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles longer than the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of numerous dowers, mostly 5-merous, the bracts protruding when young. Calyx very short, with small acute teeth. Petals several times as long, striate, pubescent, united above the middle. Pod sessile or very shortly contracted at the base, quite flat, straight or slightly curved, 1 to l'iin. long, 2^ to 8 lines broad. Seeds nearly orbicular, oblique, the last fold of the funicle thickened into a fleshy aril.
Hab.: Hammersley Range.
Yar. glabrescens. Pubescence much shorter or disappearing. Phyllodia rather longer, but silicate, with recurved points, as in the ordinary form. Calyx rather more prominent. Pod sessile. — A. asperulacea, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 123.
12. A. galioides (Galium-like), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 844, and FI. Austr. ii. 342 ; F. r. M. Ic. Dec. iii. 7. Pubescent or tomentose, with verticil- late finely subulate phyllodia, as in A. lycopodifolia , but the phyllodia are more slender, slightly striate only, not sulcate with prominent nerves, 2 to 5 lines long, recurved at the end but apparently without viscid points. Flowers mostly 5- merous, in globular heads on peduncles exceeding the leaves, as in that species, but the calyx is at least one-third as long as the corolla, and the pod is always borne on a stipes of 2 to 3 lines. Seeds in centre.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; and a variety with rather stouter phyllodia, Sweers Island, Henne (Benth.)
13. A. Baueri (after the brothers Bauer), Bentli. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 344, and FI. Austr. ii. 342 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. iii. 4. Apparently an undershrub, with erect or ascending stems, under 1ft. high, the terete branchlets minutely pubescent, otherwise glabrous. Phyllodia in whorls of 5 to 7, linear-subulate, terete, without prominent nerves, but often a slight furrow underneath, recurved at the end and obtuse or with a minute point, about 4 to 6 lines long. Stipules minute or none. Peduncles rather longer than the phyllodia, bearing a very small head of 10 to 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous and scarcely f line long. Calyx fully half as long as the corolla, with acuminate teeth. Petals with a prominent midrib, but not striate. Pod falcate, narrowed at each end, If to 2 lines broad, hard, longitudinally striate. Seeds longitudinal, 2 to 3 lines long, $ line broad.
Hab.: Fraser Island, Miss Lovell.
The aspect of the plant is that of A. subternata, but the phyllodia are vertieillate as in the preceding species, although fewer in the whorl. — Benth.
14. A. bruniades (like a Brunia), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 404 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 343. A heath-like shrub, glabrous or the terete branches minutely pubescent. Phyllodia crowded, but scattered or irregularly vertieillate, linear-terete, 2 to 4 lines long, with short straight points, without prominent nerves or furrows. Stipules minute or none. Peduncles longer than the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of rather small flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx turbinate, angular, half as long as the corolla, with short obtuse minutely ciliate lobes. Petals free, smooth with rather prominent midribs. Pod not seen.
Hab.: Brisbane River, .4. Cunningham ; Mounts Hooker and Lindsay, Fraser.
15. A. conferta (leaves crowded), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 345, and FI. Austr. ii. 343 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. iii. 8. A tall heath-like shrub, with terete slightly pubescent branches. Phyllodia crowded, scattered or irregu- larly vertieillate, linear, compressed, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 lines long, rigid, mostly obtuse, without nerves or with slightly thickened nerve-like margins, f to 1 line broad. Stipules minute or none. Peduncles longer than the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of numerous small flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals linear- spathulate, distinct or slightly united at the base. Petals distinct, smooth, but
Acacia. ]
XLTTI. LEGUMINOS^L
485
with slightly prominent midribs. Pod very flat, stipitate, obtuse, 1 to l^in. long, about 5 lines broad, glaucous. Seeds nearly transverse, ovate, the last fold of the funicle dilated into a cup-shaped aril.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay, Ft. Brown ; Dawson River. F. r. Mueller : Maranoa, Mitchell.
16. A,, armata (armed), R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Keiv ed. 3, v. 463 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 347. A tall bushy shrub, attaining sometimes 10ft. or more ; branches angular-striate, hirsute-pubescent or rarely glabrous. Phyllodia semiovate, obliquely oblong or incurved-lanceolate, undulate, obtuse or with a very short oblique point, with a nearly central midrib and pinnate veins, varying from 4 lines to above lin. in length, and in breadth from one-fifth to nearly half their length. Stipules straight, divaricate and spinescent, often 4 to 5 lines long. Peduncles usually about as long as the phyllodia, bearing a globular head of rather numerous 5-merous flowers. Calyx thin, lobed, but not usually separating into sepals, about half as long as the corolla. Petals narrow, glabrous, smooth. Pod straight or curved, li to 2in. long, 2 to 3 lines broad, not contracted between the seeds, softly villous or rarely glabrous or hispid. Seeds oblong, longitudinal, the funicle slightly dilated nearly from the base, forming 3 or 4 folds, scarcely more thickened under the seed. — Bonpl. Jard. Malm. t. 55 ; DC. Prod. ii. 449 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1653 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 49 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 3 ; A. furcifera, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 267,
Hab.: Gladfield, C. J. Gwyther.
Var. angustifolia. Phyllodia narrower. — A. paradoxa, DC. Prod. ii. 449 ; A. undulata, Wild. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 68 ; Wendl. Comm. Acac. t. 3 ; Bot. Reg. t. 843 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 753 ; Reichb. Ie. et Descr. PL t. 89.
This species is now an old inmate of our gardens, where it varies much, and is said to have been frequently hybridized. Some of these forms have a second nerve to some or all the phyllodia, or have the stipules very small or none. These garden forms include A. ornithophora , Sweet, FI. Austral, t. 24; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1469; A. hybrida, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1342; A. micracantha, Dietr. in Allgem. Gart. Zeit. i. 83 : A. tristis, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3420. It is possible that a few of the Western or out-of-the-way stations given for the species may have been erroneously founded on cultivated specimens sent as wild. — Bentli.
17. A. lineata (linear leaves), A. Cunn. in G. Bon, Gen. Syst. ii. 403 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 353. A bushy shrub of several feet ; branches nearly terete, usually pubescent or villous and sometimes slightly resinous. Phyllodia linear, with a small hooked point, about ^-in. long or rarely fin. or rather more, the nerve very near the lower margin and usually without any gland. Stipules minute. Peduncles slender, rarely exceeding the phyllodia, bearing each a small globular head of 10 to 15 or rarely more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals distinct, linear-spathulate Petals smooth. Pod linear, curved or twisted, coriaceous, 1£ to 2 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal, the funicle thickened into a clavate fleshy aril scarcely so long as the seed. — Bot. Mag. t. 3346 ; A . runci- formis, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 404 ; F. v. M. PL Viet. ii. 21 ; A. dasyphylla, A. Cunn.; Benth in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 359 (a more pubescent form) ; A. imbricata, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 5, ii. 177.
Hab.: Eumundi.
I have not followed F. v. Mueller in taking up the name of mneiformis, because that of lineata, of the same date, is universally adopted by gardeners as well as botanists, and does not appear to me to be in itself objectionable. — Benth.
18. A. hispidula (hairy), Willd. Spec. PI. iv. 1054 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 355. A rigid spreading shrub, scabrous all over with very short stiff hairs or tubercles. Phyllodia numerous, broadly falcate, with a minute point, cuneate at the base, mostly £ to fin. long, 2 to 3 lines broad, with a central nerve and thickened nerve-like margins more or less tuberculate or almost denticulate.
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Acacia.
486
Peduncles short, bearing each a small globular head of 12 to 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx lobed, about half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, connate to the middle. Pod ovate and 1 -seeded or oblong and 2-seeded, very obtuse, about 4 lines broad, flat but thickly coriaceous, without prominent margins. Seeds oval-oblong, longitudinal ; funicle with the last fold much thickened and nearly as long as the seed, and shortly folded below it. — Mimosa hispidula, Sm. Bot. Nov. Holl. 59, t. 16; A. hispidula, DC. Prod. ii. 450; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 823; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 161.
Hab.: Cooper’s Plains, near Brisbane.
19. A. undulifolia (wavy-leaved), A. Cnnn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 404 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 355. A shrub, sometimes low and bushy but often attaining a great size, and very handsome from its long pendulous garland-like flowering branches ; branchlets slightly angular but soon terete, pubescent, hirsute, or rarely glabrous. Phyllodia numerous, ovate or almost orbicular, very obliquely truncate or narrowed at the base and often petiolate, usually about ^in. but varying from \ to nearly lin. long, coriaceous, undulate, 1-nerved and penni- veined, the margins thickened, terminating in a short or fine point. Peduncles slender, often exceeding the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 or more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx very short, toothed. Petals smooth, united above the middle. Pod shortly stipitate, 7 to 9 lines broad, very flat, with nerve-like margins. Seeds flat, ovate, oblique ; funicle with the last fold thickened and not half so long as the seed, and short folds below it. — Bot. Mag. t. 3394; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1544; Lemaire, -Tard. Fleur, t. 282; A. uncinata, Lodd.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1332; A. piligera, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. under n. 3394; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 166 (A. setigera, A. Cunn.)
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
20. A. plagiophylla (transverse-leaved), F. v. M. Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 131 ; Ic. Dec. iv. 5. A compact small shrub, the branchlets more or less angular and pubescent. Phyllodia numerous, glabrous, seldom attaining ^in. in length, obliquely truncate at the base, 1-nerved, margins thickened, terminating in a sharp point, the upper margin curved with a sharp point near the base, the lower margin nearly straight. Peduncles solitary, slender, usually twice as long as the phyllodia, bearing a globular head of about 20 5-merous flowers. Calyx broadly- toothed. Petals lanceolate, much longer than the calyx. Pod stipitate, oblong, flat, from 1A to 2in. long, Ain. broad, with nerve-like margins. Seeds 3 to 4 in a pod, oval, transverse in the pod ; funicle straight, sharply bent and thickened close under the seed. — A. undulifolia, var. humilis, Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 356.
Hab. Along the North Coast Railway line.
Scarcely more than a form of A. undulifolia , A. Cunn., as stated by Mr. Bentham in FI. Austr. ii. 357, but figured as a distinct species by Baron Mueller, l.c.
21. A. Grnidium (Gnidia-like), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 359. A small tree, glabrous with the young shoots glutinous ; branches erect, virgate, soon becoming terete. Phyllodia numerous, erect, narrow-linear, obtuse with a small callous hooked point. 1 to 2in. long and not above 1 line broad, rigid with a scarcely prominent midrib, the lateral veins obscure, anastomosing, and some- times almost parallel. Peduncles slender, nearly Ain long, bearing each a globular head of 15 to 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous, but often also 4-merous. Calyx shortly and broadly lobed, half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth. Pod unknown.
Hab.: Under sandstone hills near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.
On a hasty survey, I had formerly put this aside as a variety of A. viscidula, from which, how- ever, on examination I find it to differ essentially in the venation of the phyllodia as well as in the flowers. — Benth.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
487
22. A. sentis (prickly), F. r. 21. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 128, and PI. Viet.
ii. 18 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 3G0 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. iv. 9. “ Gundey bluey,” St.
George, “ Narran,” St. George, Wedd. A divaricately-branched rigid shrub or small tree, branchlets nearly terete, glabrous or pubescent when young. Phyllodia lanceolate-oblong or linear, mostly oblique falcate or curved, 1 -nerved and more or less penniveined, in some specimens fin. long and 2 or 3 lines broad, in others more than 2in. long and about 1 line broad, usually glabrous, the marginal gland near the base or none. Stipules either subulate-spinescent or very small or none. Peduncles rather slender, solitary or in pairs, axillary or by the abortion of the phyllodia in terminal racemes, bearing each a small globular head of 20 to 30 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals linear-spathulate, free. Petals smooth. Pod thin, flat, h to fin. broad. Seeds broadly ovate, longi- tudinal, along the centre of the pod ; funiele transverse, gradually thickened from the base upwards, straight or shortly folded under the seed.— A. Victoria , Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 333.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Barcoo River, Mitchell.
Wood close-grained, hard, and nicely marked. — Bailey’s Cat Ql. Woods No. 128b.
23. A. fasciculifera (fascicle-bearing), F. v. 21. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 361 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. iv. 10. A tree, glabrous in all its parts ; branchlets slightly angular. Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, acuminate, with a callous point, narrowed at the base, mostly 4 to 6in. long, coriaceous, with a prominent midrib and nerve-like margins, the pinnate veins scarcely prominent. Peduncles fili- form, ^ to lin. long or even more, clustered in the axils, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 or more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals narrow, linear- spathulate, free. Petals smooth, soon separating. Pod 6in. long and nearly fin. broad. Seeds longitudinal, nearly orbicular.
Hab.: Rockhampton and More ton Bay, Dallacliy.
The phyllodia are nearly those of A.falcata, but rather more coriaceous, the inflorescence is very different, showing an affinity to A. harpophylla and A. complanata. — Benth.
Wood of a red colour, very hard, close in grain ; a useful building wood. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 128a.
24. A. falcata (boomerang-formed), Willd. Spec. Pl. iv. 1053; Benth. FI.
Austr. ii. 361. “ Burra,” Nanango, Shirley. A tall shrub or tree, glabrous, with
angular branchlets. Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, acuminate, much narrowed towards the base, 3 to 6in. long or even more, 1-nerved, obliquely penniveined, the margins slightly thickened without any gland or with an obscure one at the base. Racemes much shorter than the phyllodia, usually with 10 to 20 small globular heads of about 20 small flowers, mostly 5-merous ; peduncles short and slender. Sepals free, narrow-spathulate, ciliate. Petals smooth, soon separating. Pod flat, with slightly thickened margins, 2 to 3in. long, about 3 lines broad. Seeds ovate, longitudinal, close to the margin ; funiele slightly dilated and coloured from the base, very long, extending round the seed and bent back on the same side, encircling it in a double fold and thickened at the end into a short fleshy aril. — 21imosa obliqua, Wendl. Bot. Beob. 57; A. falcata , DC. Prod. ii. 451; Wendl. Comm. Acac. 20, t. 14; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1115; A. playiophylla, Spreng. Syst. iii. 135.
Hab : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Leichhardt, anti others.
Wood yellow near the outside, the rest light-brown; heavy and tough. Might prove a useful cabinet wood. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 128c.
25. A. macradenia (large-glanded), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 360, and FI. Austr. ii. 362 ; F. v. 21. Ic. Dec. v. 7. A sbrub of 10 to 12ft., glabrous, with angular branchlets. Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, rather acute, much narrowed towards the base, coriaceous, 1-nerved, with thickened margins and often a gland at the base, like those of A. falcata, but usually longer, attaining
Part II. m
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Acacia.
4B8
from Gin. to 1ft., and the fine veins more numerous, prominent, and transverse. Racemes short with several small globular heads of flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx turbinate, more than half as long as the corolla, shortly and broadly toothed, ciliate. Petals smooth, pubescent. Pod 3 to 4in. long, fiat, 2 to 3 lines broad. Seeds oblong ; funicle not enlarged under the seed, not folded.
Hab.: Beds of rivers near Mount Pluto, Mitchell (in flower) ; Rockhampton, Thozet (in fruit).
Wood close-grained and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 129.
2G. A. penninervis (feather-nerved), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 452; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 362. A tree attaining sometimes 40ft. but usually smaller, glabrous in all its parts in the common variety, with angular branchlets. Phyllodia from oblong to lanceolate-falcate, more or less acuminate, usually 3 to 4in. long, but sometimes twice that length, much narrowed towards the base, 1 -nerved and more or less prominently and finely penniveined, the margins usually nerve-like, and often but not always a short secondary nerve terminating in a marginal gland much below the middle. Racemes rather short but loose, with several small globular heads of about 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx truncate or shortly toothed, not half so long as the corolla. Petals smooth. Pod flat, straight or curved, with slightly thickened margins, often 4 or 5in. long, nearly iin. broad. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle long, dilated and coloured nearly from the base, extending round the seed and bent back on the same side, so as to encircle it in a double fold. — Bot. Mag. t. 2754 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 14 ; A. impressa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1115 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1319.
Hab.: Brisbane River. Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. r. Mueller ; sandstone ridges near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.
Gum contains 24-5% of arabin, and 55-3% of metarabin. — Lauterer.
Wood dark-brown, with a small quantity of yellow sapwood, tough ; useful for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. T Voods No. 130.
Var. falciformis. Phyllodia usually longer and more falcate, young shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary or golden-pubescent. Pod nearly fin. broad. — A. falciformis, DC. Prod. ii. 452 ; A. astringens, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405. — Moreton Bay, Leichhardt.
27. A. neriifolia (Oleander-leaved), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 357, and FI. Austr. ii. 363. A tall and handsome shrub or small tree ; branchlets slender, slightly angular, glaucous or mealy-tomentose when young, but soon glabrous. Phyllodia linear-lanceolate, more or less falcate, with a small callous point often recurved, much narrowed towards the base, mostly 3 to 5in. long and 2 to 4 lines broad, 1-nerved, obscurely penniveined, with 1 or sometimes 2 or 3 distant marginal glands rarely all wanting. Racemes always simple, rather slender, much shorter than the phyllodia, the rhachis and peduncles usually tomentose. Flower-heads globular, small, with 30 to 40 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals spathulate, more than half as long as the corolla, ciliate, free or slightly adnate below the middle. Petals smooth, usually free. Pod flat, straight or nearly so, several inches long, about 4 lines broad, often slightly con- tracted between the seeds. Seeds oval-oblong, longitudinal ; funicle with the last fold appressed and thickened from the middle upwards into a club-shaped aril, the lower folds short and filiform.
Hab.: Open forests on the Balonne River, Mitchell ; Stanthorpe.
Wood dark-coloured and prettily marked, tough, and close in grain. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 130b.
28. A. salicina (Willow-like), Lindl. in Mitch. Three E.vped. ii. 20; Benth.
FI. Austr. ii. 367. “ Baka,” Rockhampton, Thozet, A tall shrub or small tree,
with branches often pendulous, the foliage of a pale or glaucous hue and quite glabrous ; branchlets scarcely angular. Phyllodia mostly straight or nearly so, oblong-linear or lanceolate, obtuse or slightly acuminate, much narrowed at the base, 2 to 5in. long and not above -^in. broad, but in some varieties occasionally broader or falcate, always rather thick, the midrib scarcely prominent, the lateral
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
489
veins obscurely reticulate, the margins scarcely thickened, the gland very rare. Racemes short, irregularly bearing 2 or 3 dense globular heads or reduced to a single head. Flowers 20 or more, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, truncate, entire or minutely toothed. Petals quite smooth. Pod straight, 1 to Bin. long, in the ordinary form not above 3 lines broad ; valves somewhat convex, hard and thick. Seeds orbicular, longitudinal ; funicle thickened and usually scarlet almost from the base, forming several folds under the seed.— F. v. M. PI. Yict. ii. 12 ; Dietr. FI. Univers. N. Ser. t. 83 ; A. lir/ulata, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 362.
Hab.: Open forest lands on the Balonne, Mitchell ; Suttor River, F. v. Mueller.
Wood dark-coloured, tough, easily worked ; would be useful for cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 131.
Var . variants. “Dulan,” “Boolbah,” St. George, Wedd. Branches more spreading. Phyllodia more veined, the lower ones often much broader and almost penniveined, as in A. penninervis, but without the thickened margin or gland. Pod about 4 lines broad, the seeds often oblique and the folds of the funicle extending up one side. — A. varians, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 132. To this belong all the tropical and subtropical specimens. It is generally a very distinct form, and it is with some hesitation that I have followed F. v. Mueller in considering'it a variety only of A saliciiia. — Benth.
29. A. amcena (pleasant), Wendl. Comm. Acac. 10, t. 4 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 366. A tall shrub, quite glabrous, young branches pubescent. Phyllodia obliquely lanceolate or oblanceolate, straight or falcate, obtuse or with a small recurved point, much narrowed towards the base, not very thick, 1-nerved with nerve-like margins and more or less distinctly veined, with 1, 2, or 3 often prominent distant marginal glands, li to 2Jin. long on the flowering shoots, longer on the barren branches. Racemes usually shorter than the phyllodia, with several small globular heads of about 8 to 12 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals short, broad, usually separating when the flower is fully out. Petals 5, distinct, smooth with prominent midribs. Pod flat, straight or curved, with nerve-like margins, several inches long, 3 to 4 lines broad, not contracted between the seeds. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle dilated and reticulate from near the base, very long, extending round the seed, returning on the same side and bent back a third time, encircling the seed in a triple fold, and thickened at the end into a fleshy aril, two-thirds the length of the seed. — DC. Prod. ii. 452 ; F. v. M. PL Viet. ii. 17.
Hab.: Glasshouse Mountains.
30. A. hakeoides (Hakea-like), A. Cunn.: Benth. in }Iooh. Lond. Journ. i. 354, and FI. Austr. ii. 367 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. v. 10. A tall shrub, glabrous or nearly so, the branches scarcely angular. Phyllodia linear-spathulate or narrow oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, much narrowed at the base, 2 to 5in. long, rather thick, 1-nerved, obscurely marked with longitudinal reticulations, the margins scarcely prominent, usually with a gland towards the middle. Racemes shorter than the phyllodia, with a few globular heads of about 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals spathulate, cohering at first but readily separating, half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Pod flat, usually curved, 2 to 3 lines broad, much contracted between the seeds. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle half as long as the seed, the last fold thickened into a clavate, keeled, fleshy aril almost from the base, with 2 or 3 very minute folds below it. — F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 16.
Hab.: On Pituri country, Dr. T. L. Bancroft, who states that the natives use the ashes of the burnt green leaves for chewing with the Pituri.
Allied in flowers to A. crassiuscula, and in foliage to A. salicina, but differing in several points from each of these species. — Benth.
400
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Acacia.
81. A. suaveolens (sweet-scented), Willd. Spec. PI. iv. 1050; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 869. A shrub, attaining about 8 to 6ft., quite glabrous, often glaucous, with acutely angled branchlets. Phyllodia linear or almost lanceolate, mostly 3 to 4in. but sometimes Gin. long, 2 to 4 lines broad, obtuse or mucronulate, narrowed towards the base, rather thick, 1 -nerved with nerve-like margins, obscurely veined. Flower-heads small, in axillary racemes, at first enclosed in imbricate scaly bract’s, which fall off very early. Rhachis and peduncles slender. Flowers 6 to 10 in the head, mostly 5-merous. Sepals thin, narrow linear- spathulate, quite distinct. Petals thin, quite smooth. Pod oblong, flat, coria- ceous, glaucous, very obtuse, 1 to llin. long, 6 to 8 lines broad. Seeds oblong, transverse ; funicle filiform nearly till maturity, when it is contracted into short folds more or less thickened under the seed into a small fleshy aril. — Mimosa suaveolens, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 253 ; Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. ii. 87, t. 236 ; M. obliqua , Lam. in Journ. Hist. Nat. i. 89, t. 5, according to Wendl. Comm. Acac. 38, but not of Pers.; M. anyustifolia , -Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iii. 74, t. 391; A. suaveolens, DC. Prod. ii. 453 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 730; Reichb. Ic. et Descr. PI. t. 46; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 107; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 14 ; A. angusti- folia, Wendl. Comm. Acac. 34; DC. Prod. ii. 453.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fitzalan. Usually a coast species.
32. A. Dietrichiana (after Mrs. Amalia Dietrich), F. v. M. Sou. Sci. llcc. ii. 149, and Ic. Dec. vi. 8. Branchlets viscid, dark-colored, slender, not angular. Phyllodia much elongated, linear, 1 -nerved, almost straight, short-pointed, bearing a gland close above their base. Heads of flowers solitary, small, globular, somewhat viscid, on stalks of twice or thrice their length. Sepals 5, spathulate- linear, soon free, not fringed, above half as long as the nerveless petals, not much longer than the rhomboid, laminated, but otherwise very thin bracts. Ovary glabrous, blunt. Pod stipitate, 2Jin. long, narrow, acute at the point, margins nerve-like and constricted between the seeds. Seeds oval with an oblique point at the base ; funicle not thickened under the seed, straight with a slight bend at the seed.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Mueller’s 2nd Syst. Cens. Austr. PI. 77.
33. A. IVturrayana (after — Murray), F. v. M.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 370. Glabrous, branchlets slightly angular. Phyllodia linear, straight or nearly so, obtuse or with a callous hooked point, 5 to Gin. long, 1 to 1J line wide, thick, with a slightly prominent nerve and very obscurely veined. Peduncles about Jin. long, 2 or 3 together in a short raceme, bearing each a globular head of numerous (above 50) flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals very thin, narrow, linear-spathulate, fully half as long as the corolla. Petals free or nearly so, narrow, very thin. Pod linear, 2 to 3in. long, about 4 lines broad, flat, obtuse ; valves membranous. Seeds transverse, ovate ; funicle filiform or slightly thickened from the base, forming 2 or 3 short folds under the seed.
Hab.: Found principally inland in open forest, on the Balonne, &c.
34. A. linifolia (flax-leaved), Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1051 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 371. A tall shrub, glabrous or minutely pubescent, sometimes glaucous when young ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia linear or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each end, 1 to ljin. long, 1J to 2 or rarely 2J lines broad, rather thin, 1-nerved, slightly veined, the slender nerve-like margins and midrib often minutely ciliate, with a small gland above the base. Racemes scarcely exceeding the phyllodia or shorter, comprising several small globular heads of about 8 to 12 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, broadly lobed. Petals smooth, separating nearly to the base. Pod linear, very flat, 2 to 4in. long, 4 to 6 lines broad and not contracted between the seeds ; valves thinly coriaceous, with nerve-like margins. Seeds longitudinal, along the centre of the pod, the last fold of the funicle thickened
Acacia. ]
XL1II. LEGUMlNOSdS.
491
into a club-shaped lateral aril, the other folds minute. — Mimosa linifolia, Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 2 ; Andr. Bot. Hep. t. 394 ; M. linearis, Wendl. Bot. Beob. 56, and Hort. Herrenh. 8, t. 18, not of Sims; A. abietina, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1051 ; DC. Prod. ii. 453; A. linifolia, Bonpl. .Jard. Malm. 56, t. 16; DC. Prod. ii. 453 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2168 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 383 ? (this fig. looks more like A. subulata).
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, and others; Wide Bay, Leichhardt ; Broadsound, Bowman. Flowering in July.
Wood of a light colour, red in the centre, close-grained and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 132.
35. A. Leichhardtii (after L. Leichhardt), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 372. Branches slender, terete, hispid with long spreading hairs. Phyllodia linear- lanceolate, falcate, mucronate, rarely above lin. long, the midrib and nerve-like margins prominent and ciliate, otherwise veinless, the marginal gland about the middle, often wanting. Racemes much longer than the phyllodia, slender, with numerous small heads of 20 or more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx turbinate, shortly lobed, half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth. Pod very flat, 2 to 4in. long, about 4 lines broad, hispid with long hairs, but not seen ripe.
Hab.: Expedition range, Leichhardt.
36. A. crassiuscula (somewhat thick), Wendl. Comm. Acac. 31, t. 8 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 372. A shrub of several feet, glabrous and often rather glaucous when young ; branches usually acutely angled. Phyllodia numerous, linear, often falcate, with a small oblique point or the lower ones obtuse and almost lanceolate, rather thick, 1 -nerved and veinless, the nerve-like margins often but not always ciliate, 1^- to 2in. long in some specimens, above 3in. in others, 1| to 2 or in larger ones 3 lines broad, the marginal gland below the middle. Racemes shorter than the phyllodia, with several small dense globular heads of 20 or more flowers. Calyx turbinate, fully half as long as the corolla, ciliate and readily separating into spathulate sepals. Petals often separating, with prominent midribs. Pod linear, rather thick, about 2^ lines broad, contracted between the seeds. Seeds in the centre of the pods, but not seen perfect. — DC. Prod. ii. 453 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 108; A. adunca, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 406; A. Sieberiana, Tausch. in Flora, 1836, 420, not of DC.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fitzalan.
Although evidently distinct from all other species I have examined, it is impossible to define this one satisfactorily until the fruit shall be more certainly known. It is certainly very distinct from the Western plant referred to in “ Plant® Preissian®.” — Benth.
37. A. decora (handsome), Pieichb. Icon. E.vot. t. 199; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 372. A shrub of several feet, glabrous or slightly glaucous-tomentose ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia lanceolate or linear, narrowed at the base, straight or slightly falcate, 1 to 2in. long, thicker than in A. linifolia, 1-nerved, slightly penniveined, with nerve-like margins and usually with a gland below the middle. Racemes usually numerous, longer than the phyllodia, with several globular heads of about 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx shortly lobed, not half so long as the corolla. Pod straight or curved, flat, about 3 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal, close to the upper suture ; last fold of the funicle thickened into a lateral club-shaped aril, the lower folds very small.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Dawson River, F. v. Mueller ; near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.
Perhaps a variety of A. buxifolia, differing only in the longer phyllodia and more numerous flowers in the heads. Some specimens from the Melbourne Botanic Garden, apparently of this species, have the phyllodia still longer and narrower. — Benth.
Gum eaten, Cloneurry. — Palmer.
38. A. buxifolia (box-leaved), A. Cunn. in Field, N. 8'. Wales, 344; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 372. A glabrous shrub with angular branchlets. Phyllodia obliquely oblong-lanceolate, somewhat falcate, narrowed at each end, usually
492
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Acacia.
under lin., rarely l|in. long, rather thick, with a scarcely prominent nerve and obscure veins, the marginal gland small or none. Racemes scarcely exceeding the phyllodia, with several small globular heads of 8 to 12 or rarely more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, broad. Petals smooth. Pod straight or curved, flat, 8 or 4 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal, close to the upper suture ; last fold of the funicle thickened into a lateral club-shaped aril, the lower ones very small. — Hook. Ic. PI. t. 164.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Mueller’s 2nd Syst. Cens. A. PI.
Nearly allied to .1. lunata , and perhaps a variety with narrower straighter phyllodia, and some specimens appear almost to pass into A. decora. — Benth.
39. A. lunata (moon-shaped), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 452 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 878. A glabrous shrub of several feet, with angular branchlets, often glaucous. Phyllodia oblong-falcate or almost ovate, but very oblique, obtuse or with a minute oblique or recurved point, rarely lin. long, 3 to 6 lines broad, coriaceous, 1 -nerved, obscurely veined, the margins scarcely thickened, the gland minute or none. Racemes longer than the phyllodia, with several small heads of 4 to 10 comparatively large flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short and broad. Petals smooth. Pod flat, glaucous, straight or curved, 3 to 4 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal, close to the upper suture, the last fold of the funicle thickened into a lateral club-shaped aril, the lower folds very small. — Bot. Reg. t. 1352 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 384 ; Sweet, FI. Austr. t. 42 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 17 (partly) ; A. falcinella, Tausch. in Flora, 18-16, 419 ; A. brevifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1235 ?; A. oleafolia, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405; A. dealbata, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 345, not of Lindl.; A. furfuracea, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham.
Without the fruit this species may readily be confounded with A. prominent, which is probably growing near our southern border ; the phyllodia are however more coriaceous, with the veins less conspicuous and the flowers in the heads usually rather fewer and larger. — Benth.
40. A. podalyriaefolia (leaves like some Podalyria), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 374. A tall shrub, more or less mealy- glaucous, and minutely pubescent, rarely quite glabrous. Phyllodia obovate ovate or oblong, more or less oblique, obtuse or narrowed at one or both ends, mostly 1 to l^in. long, 1-nerved, with 1 or 2 marginal glands. Racemes much longer than the phyllodia, with several, often 10 to 20, small globular heads of numerous small mostly 5-merous flowers. Calyx turbinate, sinuate-toothed, not half so long as the corolla. Petals free or very slightly cohering, hirsute, with prominent midribs. Pod very flat, nearly fin. broad, 1 to several inches long, glabrous or pubescent. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle rather long, in short folds under the seed, the last fold slightly thickened. — A. Fraseri, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 171 ; A. Caleyi, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 317 (a stunted specimen).
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, and others ; in the interior about Lake Salvator, &c., Mitchell; between the Suttor and Dawson Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Wide Bay, C. Moore.
Bark contains 12-40% of tannin. — Staiger.
Wood of a pinkish colour, and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 133.
41. A. uncifera (hook-bearing), Benth. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 341, and FI. Austr. ii. 374. A shrub of about 5ft., softly velvety-pubescent; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia obliquely oblong or elliptical-falcate, narrowed at both ends, with a hooked point, 1^ to 2in. long, 4- to fin. broad, 1-nerved, with 1 to 3 minute marginal glands. Racemes rather longer than the phyllodia, with several globular heads, smaller than in A . podalyriafolia, on shorter peduncles. Flowers also smaller, otherwise like those of that species, of which this may prove to be a variety. Pod unknown.
Hab.: Foot of sandstone rocks near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.
Acacia.]
3tLllI. LEGUM1N0S.E.
498
42. A. cultriformis (the leaves formed like a kind of knife), A. Cunn. in G. Don , Gen. Syst. ii. 406 ; Benth. FI. Auxtr. ii. 875. A tall bushy shrub, glabrous and often mealy glaucous when young ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia numerous, obliquely obovate-lanceolate, recurved-falcate or almost triangular, mucronulate, narrowed at the base, \ to fin. or rarely lin. long, coriaceous, 1-nerved, with thickened margins and usually 1 marginal gland, sometimes on a prominent angle. Racemes numerous, much longer than the phyllodia, consisting often of 10 to 20 globular heads, forming a terminal leafy panicle. Flowers 10 to 20 in the head, mostly 5-merous. Calyx broad, lobed, scarcely half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth. Pod very flat, glabrous, glaucous, 2 to 3in. long and 3 to 4 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal near the suture ; last fold of the funicle thickened into a lateral club-shaped aril, with very small folds below it. — Hook. Ic. PL t. 170; Paxt. Mag. xi. 113, with a fig.; A. scapuliformis, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405 (specimen with rather broader and shorter phyllodia) ; Benth. l.c.
Hab.: Macintyre River, on the border of this colony, F. v. Mueller.
43. A. myrtifolia (myrtle-leaved), Willd. Spec. PI. iv. 1054; Benth. FI. Auxtr. ii. 376. A tall glabrous shrub, slightly glaucous in some varieties ; branches acutely angular. Phyllodia oblique or falcate, obovate, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or linear, usually acute or mucronate and narrowed at the base, 1 to 2in. long or much longer when narrow, coriaceous, 1-nerved, with thickened nerve-like margins, the pinnate veins rarely conspicuous, the marginal gland below the middle. Racemes rarely exceeding the phyllodia, with several almost sessile flower-heads, consisting of only 2, 3 or 4 rather large flowers, almost always 4-merous. Calyx very short, broadly lobed. Petals smooth, separating nearly to the base. Pod linear, curved, flattened, but thick, with very thick margins, usually 1 to 2in. long, about 2 lines broad ; valves hard and almost woody. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle very short, scarcely folded, thickened nearly from the base into an almost cup- shaped fleshy aril. — Mimosa myrtifolia , Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i. 252, and Bot. Nov. Holl. 51, t. 15 ; A. myrtifolia, DC. Prod. ii. 452 ; Sw. FI. Austr. t. 49 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 772 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 107 ; Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 14 ; F. v. M. PI. Yict. ii. 19.
Hab.: Southern localities.
44. A. sublanata (somewhat woolly), Benth. in Huey. Emm. 42, and FI. Austr. ii. 378. A rigid shrub, woolly-pubescent when young, at length glabrous; branches striate. Phyllodia from broadly triangular-falcate and mucronate to lanceolate-falcate and tapering into a pungent point, rarely ^-in. long, without any or with a very minute gland, and always with 8 to 5 or even more nerves. Stipules small, deciduous. Peduncles longer than the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 flowers, mostly 5-merous, glabrous or slightly hirsute, the bract-points projecting beyond the young buds. Calyx shortly toothed, half as long as the corolla. Pod linear, much twisted, about 2 lines broad. — A. pravifolia, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 4, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 117.
Hab.: Darling Downs, Forde (F. v. M.)
45. A. amblygona (obtuse-angled), A. Cunn.: Benth. in Hook. Loud. Journ. i. 332, and FI. Austr. ii. 378 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vii. 3. Branches elongated, diffuse, rather rigid, terete, pubescent. Phyllodia falcate-lanceolate or almost triangular, 3 to 4 lines long, 14- to 3 lines broad, several-nerved, the lower nerve produced into a sharp point, the upper margin much curved but without any glandular angle. Peduncles rarely exceeding the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of about 10 to 15 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals broadly cuneate, cohering or at length separating, fully half as long as the corolla.
494
XLIII. LEGUMINOS-55.
[Acacia.
Petals smooth, readily separating. Pod linear, usually curved, to 2 lines broad, contracted between the seeds. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle thickened into a lateral oblong or club-shaped aril, with a short fold below it. — A. Nemstii, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 3.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, C. Stuart, Ncrnst ; towards Mount Pluto, Mitchell; between Suttor River and Peak Range, F. v. Mueller.
46. A. translucens (bright), A. Cunn. in Hook. lc. PI. t. 160 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 379. A bush shrub or small tree, glabrous or the young shoots pubescent ; brancblets terete or slightly angular. Phyllodia from obliquely obovate to narrow-oblong or almost linear, incurved, usually much undulate, mostly about Ain. but the lower ones sometimes lin. long, obtuse with an oblique or recurved terminal gland, coriaceous, obscurely several-nerved. Peduncles rigid, £ to lin. long, bearing each a dense globular head of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx broad, cup-shaped, shortly toothed, scarcely half as long as the corolla. Petals striate, but smaller and less rigid than in A. impressa. Pod 1 to ljin. long, flat but thick, and almost woody, obtusely hooked at the end, about 2 lines broad above the middle and gradually narrowed into a long stipes, obliquely veined, partitioned inside between the seeds. Seeds oblong, oblique ; funicle slightly folded and gradually dilated into a cup-shaped aril at the base of the seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown.
The pod is that of some Julijiorte, but has only been seen in the narrow-leaved speci- mens.— Bentli.
47. A. impressa (referring to depression on seed). F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 133; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 380. A tall shrub, the branches slightly angular, more or less pubescent as well as the foliage. Phyllodia obovate or obovate-oblong, very oblique, undulate, obtuse or with a small glandular point, ^ to f or rarely lin. long, with 3 to 5 nerves more prominent than in A. translucens, and anastomosing veins. Peduncles about as long as the phyllodia, bearing each a globular head of about 12 to 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals distinct or slightly coherent, spathulate. Petals rigid and striate, united at the base. Pod straight or nearly so, thinly coriaceous, flat with thickened margins, about Ain. broad, very glutinous and villous. Seeds oval- oblong, transverse, the central area much depressed ; funicle forming several folds, the last 2 or 3 dilated into a rather small aril at the base of the seed.
Hab.: Northern interior.
Very near A. translucens in foliage and flowers, but with a very different fruit. — Bentli.
48. A. elongata (lengthened), Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 451 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 381. A tall shrub, glabrous, or the young shoots silky-pubescent. Phyllodia narrow-linear, obtuse, or with a small oblique or hooked point, 2 to 3 or even 4in. long, 1 to 1A or rarely above 2 lines broad, with 3 prominent nerves, and when broad, a few oblique veins between them. Peduncles solitary or in pairs, not exceeding Ain. and usually much shorter, slender and pubescent, bearing a globular head of numerous (30 or more) flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx obtusely lobed, fully half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, with the midrib slightly pro- minent. Pod linear, straight, flat, 1A to 2 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal, the last folds of the short funicle dilated into a small aril at the base of the seed. — Bot. Mag. t. 3337 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 24 ; A. hebecephala , A. Cunn. in Lond. Hort. Brit. 406.
Hab.: Southern Queensland, Rev. B. Scortechini.
This species differs from A. trinervata chiefly in the long narrow phyllodia, not pungent, when very narrow they are almost like those of the Calamiformes. In some garden specimens the nerves almost disappear as represented in the above quoted figure ; and then it is not very easy to distinguish them from those specimens of A. viscidula in which the nerves are very faint. — Bentli.
Pl. XV//.
Ac^OjCpcxy 7 ' inlets , BaiL.
<sov?lzt/i£ Offict
Jirisbans,. (/
/•: C. WzLLs.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSvE.
495
49. A. Simsii (after Dr. J. Sims), A. Cunn .; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 368, and FI. Anstr. ii. 382 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vii. 10. A tall glabrous shrub with slender branches scarcely angular. Phyllodia linear or lanceolate, usually falcate, obtuse or mucronate, much narrowed towards the base, 2 to 5in. long,
to 2 or rarely 3 lines broad, in the ordinary form with 3 or sometimes only 2 prominent nerves, smooth and finely veined between them. Peduncles solitary or in pairs, slender, rarely above 3 lines long, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 flowers, mostly G-merous. Calyx nearly half as long as the corolla, lobed, and readily separating into distinct sepals. Petals smooth, distinct. Pod straight, flat or undulate, acuminate, 2 to 3 lines broad. Seeds compressed-globular, longitudinal ; funicle with the last fold shortly thickened into a clavate aril about half as long as the seed, with a short filiform fold below it.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; rocky hills, Cleveland Bay, A. Cunningham; Cape Upstart, Burdekin Expedition; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; bed of the Belyando, Mitchell; also in Leichhardt’s collection.
Var. multisiliqua. Phyllodia shorter, rather broader, and nearly straight, with 3 prominent nerves and scarcely veined between them. Pod narrow. — On first seeing B. Brown’s specimens from the Carpentaria Islands, they looked so different from the ordinary form that I was inclined to adopt them as a distinct species under Brown’s name of A. multisiliqua, but I have since found that the two forms pass one into the other there as in other localities, and both phyllodia may be found even on the same specimen on different branches, depending perhaps sometimes on differences in comparative luxuriance. — Benth.
50. A. homalophylla (smooth-leaved), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 365 (there spelt omalopliylla), and FI. Austr. ii. 383 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 7. Gidgee. “Wong-arrah,” Cloncurry, Palmer. A small tree, glabrous or the foliage minutely hoary or pale ; branchlets at first slightly angular. Phyllodia lanceolate- falcate, narrow -oblong or linear, obtuse with a small oblique point, narrowed at the base, 1 to 3in. long, 1 to 4 lines broad, thick, very finely striate with parallel nerves only to be seen under a lens. Peduncles in pairs or clustered on a very short common peduncle, bearing dense globular heads of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals cuneate or spathulate, free or slightly connate, more than half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth, free. Pod linear, usually glaucous, slightly curved, 2 to 3 lines broad, longitudinally veined ; valves coriaceous, convex over the seeds, contracted between them. Seeds oval-oblong, longitudinal ; funicle short, much folded and dilated almost from the base into a short oblique aril. — F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 28.
Hab.: Inland localities.
Gum eaten ; the wood used for boomerangs, also the favourite wood for spears, on the Cloncurry. — Palmer.
Wood dark, close-grained, prettily marked, hard, heavy. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Hoods No. I33a.
51. A. georginae (found on Georgina River), Bail.Bot. Bull. xiii. Georgina Gidgee. A large shrub or small tree, with dense spreading head. Has a strong disagreeable scent. Branches and trunk usually very crooked, bark thick and rough ; young branchlets flattened or triangular, and like the foliage all more or less clothed with a hoary tomentum. Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, 2£ to 3iin. long, 3 to 4 lines broad, much narrowed towards the base, and bearing at the apex a small thickened oblique point ; texture thick, hard and brittle ; the parallel nerves 2, 3 or 4, but like the finer veins often very obscure from the thick substance of the phyllodia. Flowers not available. Pod falcate or curved into a circle, very obtuse at each end ; thin, flat, wavy, and elegantly marked with branched reticulate veins, 2 or 3in. long, fin. broad. Seeds few, distant, transverse, very flat, about 5 lines broad, surrounded by a narrow wing-like border, glossy-brown, funicle thickened into a narrow clavate aril, below which are 1 or 2 folds.
Hab.: Georgina Biver,
496 XLIII. LEGtJMINOSifi. [Acacia.
This new species closely resembles A. homalophylla, A. Cunn., the phyllodia being the same in form and possessing the same disagreeable odour. In pod and seed the resemblance approaches A. pendula, A. Cunn., from which the distinction is also considerable. The plant is the one which, under the name of Gidgee, was reported to have caused the death of a number of fat cattle on Roxborough Downs.
52. A. pendula (branches pendulous), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 404 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 383 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 8. Weeping Myall. A handsome tree, the foliage pale or ash-coloured, with a minute pubescence ; branchlets usually pendulous, slightly angular, soon terete. Phyllodia linear- lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, narrowed towards the base, 2 to 3in. long, rigidly coriaceous, very finely striate, with numerous parallel nerves, only to be seen under a lens. Peduncles usually clustered on a very short common peduncle, rarely above 2 lines long, bearing each a small globular head of about 12 to 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous, much smaller than in A. homalophylla. Calyx turbinate and lobed, but readily separating into distinct sepals. Petals smooth. Pod linear, but very flat, and fully 5 lines broad, thinly coriaceous, transversely reticulate, the sutures bordered by a very narrow wing. Seeds nearly orbicular ; funicle thickened into a narrow clavate aril, and scarcely folded below it, but not seen perfect. — A. leucophylla, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 13.
Hab.: On the Maranoa, Mitchell: Dalby and other inland localities.
Without the fruit the specimens are very difficult to distinguish from those of A. homalophylla. In both species, but especially in this one, 3 of the nerves of the phyllodia are sometimes slightly prominent. — Benth.
Wood fragrant, dark, hard and close-grained ; much prized by cabinetmakers. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 134.
53. A. Oswaldi (after S. Oswald), F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 27, and Fragtn. iv. 5 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 384 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 10. A rigid bushy shrub, attaining 8 to 10ft., glabrous or the young shoots hoary or silky-pubescent ; branchlets slightly angular. Phyllodia falcate-lanceolate, varying to linear or oblong-lanceolate, mostly 14- to 2in. long, rigid, with a short usually incurved innocuous or scarcely pungent point, much narrowed at the base, with numerous slightly prominent nerves, parallel or anastomosing when the phyllodium is broad. Flower-heads small, globular, sessile or nearly so, solitary or in pairs or clusters, containing about 10 to 15 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals linear- cuneate or spathulate, free. Petals smooth, usually pubescent. Pod long and much curved or twisted, 3 to 4 lines broad, hard or almost woody; valves convex over the seeds, slightly contracted between them. Seeds large, ovate, longi- tudinal ; last fold of the funicle dilated into a broad, obliquely cup-shaped fleshy aril, the lower folds short and filiform or slightly dilated.
Hab.: Common inland.
54. A. COriacea (hide-like leaves), DC. Mem. Ley. 446, and Prod. ii. 451 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 385 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 6. Ashy-grey, with the young shoots silky-hoary or almost golden ; branchlets terete. Phyllodia long-linear, straight or curved, obtuse, narrowed towards the base, often 4'ft. long or more, 1 to 24- lines wide, thickly coriaceous, with numerous fine and closely packed longi- tudinal nerves, only visible under a lens. Peduncles usually in pairs, J to 4-in. long, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 25 flowers, mostly 5-merous, hoary- pubescent in the bud. Calyx f line long, tubular, with ciliate lobes. Petals rather longer, united above the middle. Pod 6 to 9in. long, almost moniliform ; valves coriaceous, very convex, 4 to 5 lines broad, oblong and striate over the seeds, much contracted between them. Seeds longitudinal, distant ; funicle folded and much dilated under the seed.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Mueller’s 2nd Syst. Cens. FI.
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
497
55. A. stenophylla (narrow-leaved), A. Cunn.\ Benth. in Hook. Loud. Journ. i. 366, and FI. Austr. ii. 385 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 5. Dalby Myall. A very hard-wooded tree, quite glabrous, with angular branchlets. Phyllodia long-linear, acuminate or falcate, much narrowed at the base, bin. to 1ft. long, about 2 to 2£ lines broad, thinly coriaceous, not at all hoary, finely striate, with numerous prominent parallel nerves. Peduncles under ^in. long, usually in short racemes of 3 to 6, but sometimes solitary, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 or more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx half as long as the corolla, with short broad densely ciliate lobes. Petals pubescent. Pod 6 to 8in. long, moniliform ; valves coriaceous, 4 to 5 lines broad and convex over the seeds, but not striate, much narrowed between them. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle in short folds, the last slightly thickened into a small aril. — F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 26.
Hab.: Maranoa and Narran Rivers, Mitchell.
A. sericoplvylla, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 122, is probably a narrow-leaved form of this species. — Benth.
A useful cabinet wood, dark, prettily marked, close-grained and very hard.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 135.
56. A . viscidula (sticky), A. Gunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lund. Journ. i. 363, and FI. Austr. ii. 387. A shrub, more or less pubescent and resinous-viscid ; branchlets terete or nearly so. Phyllodia narrow-linear, with a small usually hooked point, rather incurved, narrowed at the base, 2 to 24-in. long, 1 to 14 line broad, coriaceous, several-nerved. Peduncles very short, generally in pairs, rarely clustered. Flowers numerous, in dense globular or slightly ovoid heads, mostly 5-merous but often 4-merous. Bracts acuminate. Sepals narrow- spathulate, quite free or scarcely connected at the base. Petals pubescent. Pod linear, straight, acuminate, pubescent, about 2 lines broad ; valves nearly fiat, with thickened margins. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle with the last two or three folds thickened into an obliquely cup-shaped or apparently 2-lobed aril at the base of the seed.
Hab.: Glasshouse Mountains and Stanthorpe.
Var. angustifolia. Phyllodia about f line broad. Flower-heads smaller.
57. A. ixiophylla (glutinous), Benth. in Hook. Loud. Journ. i. 364, and FI. Austr. ii. 387. A glabrous or pubescent glutinous shrub of several feet. Phyllodia oblong, lanceolate or broadly linear, usually oblique or falcate, obtuse or with a small callous recurved point or gland, f to 14 or rarely nearly 2in. long, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines broad, coriaceous striate, with numerous fine but prominent nerves, anastomosing when the phyllodium is broad. Peduncles in pairs on short racemes of 3 or 4, bearing each a small globular head of 15 to 20 or rarely more flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals narrow-spathulate, quite free. Petals free or readily separating. Pod very flexuose, hispid or glabrous, 2 to 3 lines broad. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle dilated into an obliquely oblong or club- shaped aril, not one-third as long as the seed, and very shortly filiform and folded below it. — A. tjlutinosa, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 6 (the western specimens).
Hab.: In the interior towards Mount Pluto, Mitchell; between Severn and Condamine Rivers, Leichhardt ; Stanthorpe.
58. A. dictyophleba (veins netted), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 128; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 388 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. viii. 7. Glabrous but very resinous ; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia cuneate-oblong to lanceolate-falcate, very obtuse, with a small callous point, much narrowed at the base, 2 to Sin. long, 2 to 5 lines broad, very coriaceous, with several nerves and intermediate reticulations, all much raised, and scabrous with a resinous exudation. Peduncles solitary, 6 to 8 lines long, bearing each a very dense globular head of 5-merous dowers. Calyx more
498
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Acacia.
than half as long as the corolla, very thin, with thickened resinous lobes or teeth. Pod flat, about 3in. long, -|in. broad. Seeds transverse. Funicle folded and enlarging under the seed.
Hab.: Inland localities.
59. A. venulosa (veiny), Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 366, and FI. Austr. ii. 388. A tall shrub, softly pubescent or glabrous and sometimes slightly viscid ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia falcate-oblong or lanceolate, narrowed at each end, mostly 2 to 3in. long, J to ^in. broad, very rigid, many-nerved and strongly veined, with about 3 nerves more prominent than the rest. Peduncles in pairs or clusters or on a very short common peduncle, mostly 2 to 4 lines long, rather thick, tomentose, bearing each a globular head of above 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals narrow-spathulate, usually united below the middle. Petals smooth. Pod linear, straight or curved, pubescent when young, 1 to 2in. long, about 3 lines broad ; valves convex over the seeds, depressed, but not contracted between them. Seeds ovate, longitudinal, the last 2 or 3 folds of the funicle thickened into a concave or 2-lobed aril under the seed.
Hab.: Inland localities.
60. A. melanoxylon (black wood), Ii. Br. in Ait. Hurt. Kew, cd. 3, v. 462 ;
Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 388. A hard-wooded tree, attaining a very large size, but sometimes flowering when under 20ft., glabrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia falcate-oblong or almost lanceolate, 3 to 4in. long in the common varieties, i to lin. broad, obtuse or rarely almost acute, much narrowed towards the base, coriaceous, with several longitudinal nerves and numerous anastomosing veins. Peduncles 3 to 4 lines long, few together in a short raceme or sometimes solitary, bearing each a very dense globular head of 30 to 50 or more flowers, mostly 5-merous and often so closely packed in the head that the calyxes cohere. Calyx more than half as long as the
corolla, thin and shortly toothed. Petals connate above the middle. Pod
elongated, flat, often curved into a circle, 3 to 4 lines broad, with thickened nerve- like margins. Seeds nearly orbicular ; funicle very long, dilated and coloured from the base, very flexuose, more or less encircling the seed in double folds. — Wendl. Comm. Acac. 24, t. 6 ; DC. Prod. ii. 452 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1659 ; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 630 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 109 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 28 ;
A. arcuata, Sieb. PI. Exs. and in Spreng. Syst. iii. 135 (by mistake attributed to Labillardiere).
Hab.: Near Stanthorpe.
The wood, known to the colonists under the name of “ Blackwood,” and the less appropriate one of “ Lightwood,” is celebrated for hardness and durability.
A. brevipes, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3358, from the single specimen preserved of the cultivated plant described, appears to be a variety of A. melanoxylon , with longer more falcate phyllodia, attaining 5 to 7in. — Benth.
61. A. implexa (plicate), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 368, and FI. A ustr. ii. 389 ; F. v.M. lc. lJcc. viii. 2. A glabrous tree, sometimes slightly glaucous ; branchlets terete or nearly so. Phyllodia lanceolate-falcate, more acuminate, more narrowed at the base and thinner than in A. melanoxylon, mostly 5 or 6in. long or more, with several slender longitudinal nerves and fine veins. Peduncles few, in a very short raceme, more slender than in A. melanoxylon, bearing each a small dense head of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx scarcely half as long as the corolla, turbinate. Petals smooth, united to the middle. Pod narrow-linear, much curved and twisted, 2 or rarely nearly 3 lines broad, contracted between the seeds. Seeds ovate-oblong, longitudinal ; funicle dilated and coloured almost from the base, much folded under the seed, but not encircling it. — F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 29.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; common.
Acacia.] XLIII. LEGUMINOSHC. 499
The pods on the Queensland tree agree better with the above description than with Mueller’s plate above quoted.
Wood prettily marked, the outer light-coloured, the heartwood greyish-brown ; a useful cabinet wood. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. J Foods No. 136.
62. A. harpophylla (boomerang-shaped), F. v. M. Herb Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 389 ; F. r. M. Ic. Dec. vi. 9. Brigalow. “ Ogarah,” St. George, Wedd. A large tree, glabrous or the young shoots minutely hoary ; branchlets slightly angular. Phyllodia falcate-lanceolate, mostly 6 to 8in. long, narrowed but obtuse at the end, much narrowed at the base, coriaceous, pale or glaucous, with several not very prominent nerves and scarcely veined between them. Peduncles slender, i to fin. long, clustered or rarely in a very short raceme, bearing each a small globular head of about 12 to 15 mostly 5-merous flowers. Sepals spathulate, not half as long as the corolla, free or slightly connected below the middle. Petals smooth, free. Pod narrow, 5 to Gin. long, slightly contracted between the seeds, sharp at the apex. Seeds longitudinal.
Hab.: Rockhampton, Tliozet. A very common inland species, forming large scrubs.
Yields a light or dark-brown gum, which is entirely soluble in cold water, forming a mucilage as sticky as arabic gum. — Lauterer.
Wood brown, close-grained, elastic, slightly scented, and durable ; a good cabinet wood. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 137.
63. A. excelsa (tall), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 225, and FI. Austr. ii. 390. Ironwood Wattle. “Tooloo,” St. George, Wedd. A large forest tree; branchlets slender, terete or nearly so, glabrous or rarely minutely pubescent. Phyllodia oblong-falcate, rather obtuse or mucronulate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 3in. long, ^ to fin. broad, thinly coriaceous, with 5 to 7 nerves, and smooth or faintly veined between them. Peduncles solitary, in pairs or clusters, sometimes not 2 lines, in other specimens nearly ^in. long, bearing each a globular head of numerous (20 to 30) flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals distinct. Petals smooth. Pod straight, flat, about 3 lines broad, thinly coriaceous, the sutures narrow- edged or almost winged, not usually dehiscent but hardening over the seeds and readily breaking off between them. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle short and filiform, neither folded nor enlarged. — A. Daintreana, F. v. M. Eragm. iv. 6.
Hab.: Near Lake Salvator, Mitchell; Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller ; Clarke River, Daintree ; also in Bowman's collection.
Very closely allied to, and perhaps a variety of, A. laurifolia , Willd., from New Caledonia and the Pacific Islands, differing chiefly in the narrower phyllodia and pods. — Benth.
Wood very hard, dark and close-grained ; most useful where strength and durability are required. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 Foods No. 137a.
64. A. complanata (flattened branches), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Land. Journ. i. 369, and FI. Austr. ii. 390. A tree, glabrous ; branchlets flattened, bordered by 2 or rarely 3 acute angles or narrow wings. Phyllodia oval or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3in. long, ^ to lin. broad, thinly coriaceous, with 5 to 9 or even more longitudinal nerves and a few fine veins between them. Peduncles slender, about -|in. long, in axillary clusters often of 6 to 8 or more, or by the abortion of the upper phyllodia forming an irregular terminal raceme, bearing- each a globular head of numerous flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals free, spathulate. Petals smooth, free. Pod curved, acuminate, very flat, 3 to 4 lines broad, the upper suture norve-like or with a narrow border. Seeds oblong ; funicle in the Banksiati specimens short and not dilated, but not quite perfect, in F. v. Mueller’s specimens elongated, more or less dilated from near the base, and encircling the seed in a single fold. — A. anceps, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 167, not of DC.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Sola rider ; Wide Bay, Bidwill, Moore; Dumaresq River, A. Cunningham; Brisbane River, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, and others.
Phyllodia often disfigured by the blight fungus Diplodia liclienopsis. — Cke. and Mass.
Wood of a yellowish colour, tough, with a close grain. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. U'oods No. 137b.
500
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Acacia.
65. A. homaloelada (alluding to the smooth hranchlets), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 84, ic. Dec. viii. 5. A glabrous shrub of about 5ft., the branches flattened and drooping, scarcely exceeding 2 lines broad. Phyllodia thick chartaceous, falcate-lanceolate, narrow, much above the centre, 2 to 4in. long, 4 to 8 lines broad, 3-nerved, and the gland near the base. Peduncles axillary in clusters of from 2 to 5, slender, J to fin. long, each bearing a globular head of many flowers. Bracts or sepals 5, with rhomboid-acuminate heads on rather long claws. Corolla infundibuliform, 5-toothed, glabrous, scarcely over 1 line long. Pod nearly straight, 2 to 4in. long, 4 to 5 lines broad. Seeds rotund, much compressed. Funicle three-parts surrounding the seed but not thickened or folded any more than necessary at the base.
Hab.: Hinehinbrook Island, J. Dallachy (F. v. M. l.c.)
66. A. binervata (two-nerved), DC. Prod. ii. <152; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 390. A tall shrub or a tree attaining sometimes 30 to 40ft., glabrous, with slightly angular branchlets, soon becoming terete. Phyllodia falcate, oblong or lanceolate, narrowed at each end, mostly 3 to 4in. long, with 2 or 3 longitudinal nerves and pinnately veined between them, the marginal gland below the middle rather conspicuous. Peduncles rather slender, 3 to 8, at first in an axillary raceme, but after flowering the raceme often grows out into a leafy branch with the peduncles at the base, each bearing a globular head of about 20 flowers, mostly 5-merous. Calyx scarcely half as long as the corolla, sinuate-toothed. Petals smooth. Pod long, flat and very thin, about Jin. broad. Seeds obovate, longitudinal along the centre of the pod ; funicle folded and dilated under the seed but not surrounding it. — A. umbrosa, A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 405 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3338; Maid, and Camp., FI. PI. N.S.W., No. 19.
Hab.: Southern localities.
Allied in some respects to A. penninervi s, differing in the venation of the phyllodia, in the pod and seeds, &e.
Some specimens of Mitchell’s have narrow much more coriaceous phyllodia and very small flower-heads, but without the fruit it cannot be determined whether they are a distinct species or not. — Benth.
67. A. Bakeri (after Pt. T. Baker), Maid. L. Soc. N.S.W.,2nd Series, x. 337, pi. xxi. A tall erect tree, bark moderately smooth, branchlets somewhat flattened. Phyllodia sessile, broad-lanceolate, much narrowed towards each end, obtuse, usually 3 to 4in. long and lin. broad, but sometimes much larger, 3-nerved, with an occasional short one terminating in a gland near the base, penniveined between the nerves, margins thickened and undulate, thin-coriaceous. Peduncles slender, 6 lines long, mostly in clusters of 3 to 10, forming axillary racemes mostly exceeding the phyllodia, bearing small loose heads (about 20) of few, pale- colored flowers, mostly 4-merous. Calyx short, pubescent or softly villous, separating at length into spathulate lobes. Petals pubescent, softly villous. Pod straight, flat, about 8in. long, Jin. broad, thin, very slightly contracted between the seeds. Seeds flat, ovate, longitudinal ; funicle short and filiform, neither folded nor enlarged.— Maiden l.c.
Hab.: Eumundi, N. Coast Railway, where it forms tall erect trees on the hillsides.
I have not seen flowers of the Queensland tree, therefore some doubt remains as to its identity ; it may prove only A. binervata, DC.; from which Mr. Maiden says his new species differs in having flattened, not terete, branchlets ; petals and sepals villous, not smooth and glabrous ; funicle short and filiform, not folded or enlarged, whereas in A. binervata the funicle is said to be folded and dilated under the seed.
Wood of a yellowish colour, prettily marked, close-grained, hard and tough ; a pretty timber for cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 137c.
68. A. R>Othii (after Dr. Roth), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. vi. 39 (with a fig.) “ Lar,” Batavia River, Both. Branchlets slender, compressed. Phyllodia mem- branous, linear-lanceolate, 6 to 7in. long, 6 to 8 lines broad near the centre,
Pl. XV///.
Acaf'Jtv Jtoth ii , BaiL.
Govfltihn. Office
Brisbane,, if
FC Wills
Acacia.']
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
501
slightly falcate, with 2 or 3 principal nerves more or less confluent at the base, petiole portion short, very glandular-angular, with a small sunk oval gland on margin of the lamina quite at the base, apex usually obtuse and glandular- apiculate. Judging from a pod attached to one of the specimens received, the flowers are borne in globose heads on somewhat short peduncles, or perhaps sometimes forming few-branched panicles. Pod fiat, woody, about 4in. long and over 1-J-in. broad in the upper oblong half, thence somewhat abruptly tapering to an acute, straight, or curved base ; sutures bordered with a narrow edge, the valves prominently transversely veined outside and reticulate almost alveolate inside. Seeds transverse along the centre of the pod and sunk in the substance of the valves, oval-oblong, about 5 lines long ; funicle straight, expanding at the top into a cup-shaped arillus enclosing about one-third of the seed.
Hab.: Mouth of the Batavia River, Dr. W. E. Roth.
69. A. sericata (silky), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 380, and FI. Austr. ii. 391. Pale, with a very minute almost mealy down, or glabrous and glaucous ; branchlets terete or nearly so. Phyllodia broadly falcate; obtuse but narrowed at both ends, mostly 3 to 4in. long, 1 to liin. broad in the middle, or on barren shoots much longer and narrower, with 3 or 4 principal nerves, of which 1 or 2 confluent with the lower margin of the base, transversely reticulate between them, the outer or upper margin often sinuate. Flowers not seen. Pod very flat, glaucous, 8 to Sin. long, 1 to l|in. broad, sutures bordered with a narrow edge ; valves coriaceous, hard when ripe, with raised reticulations. Seeds transverse, not seen perfect. — A. platycarpa, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 145.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria (specimens with unripe fruit), F. v. Mueller ; Etheridge, Armit.
70. A. flavescens (yellowish), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 881, and FI. Austr. ii. 391 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. viii. 9. Young shoots clothed with a hoary or yellowish almost fleecy tomentum, soon wearing off ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia broadly falcate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, 4 to 8in. long, 1 to 2 or even 3in. broad, with usually 3 nerves, the lowest carried on to a terminal gland, the 2 others ending in small glands on the upper margin, veins transversely reticulate between them. Flowers in small globular heads, on short peduncles in an irregular terminal panicle, and apparently 5-merous, with narrow sepals, but very imperfect in our specimens. Pod straight or curved, very flat, 3 to 5in. long, fin. broad, coriaceous, reticulate, with slightly thickened margins. Seeds transverse ; funicle forming short slightly thickened folds under the seed.
Hab.: Sandy Cape, Broadsound, Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Percy Islands, A. Cunningham ; sandstone ridges of Kongili, Leichhardt ; Mount Wheeler, Thozet.
Wood of a brown colour, prettily marked, close-grained, and hard. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. 1 Foods No. 138a.
71. A. oraria (coast tree), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 66, Ic. viii. 1. A scaly- hoary small tree with spreading head ; the branches towards the ends acute- angular. Phyllodia 1^ to Sin. long, or often much longer, broad and falcate-oblong, 3-nerved with reticulate veinlets between them, with a basal gland. Flowers in globular heads on slender peduncles, solitary or several in each of the upper axils, sometimes the peduncles bearing secondary peduncles with heads of flowers, about 30 flowers in a head. Sepals 5, free or connate, hairy. Petals 5, not keeled. Pod 3 to 5in. long, £ to fin. broad, hard transversely and reticulately veined, curved, sometimes forming a ring. Seeds longitudinal. Funicle twisted and almost encircling the seed.
Hab.: Near the beach, Cairns, Port Denison, and Rockingham Bay, F. v. Mueller.
Wood close-grained, the outer whitish, inner dark-brown, and nicely marked. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Foods No, 138-
502
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
r Acacia.
72. A. Wickhami (after Capt. Wickham), Benth. in Hook. howl. Journ. i. 379, and FI. A ustr. ii. 392 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. 6. A glabrous shrub, often very glaucous or resinous ; branchlets angular-striate. Phyllodia numerous, obliquely ovate or falcate-oblong, obtuse with a small oblique glandular point, rarely exceeding 4in., coriaceous, undulate, with several nerves all very faint or 1 or 3 more prominent. Spikes pedunculate, | to | or rarely lin. long, densely cylin- drical. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx thin, broadly sinuate-toothed, fully half as long as the corolla. Petals united below the middle, the midrib prominent. Pod flat, but thick and woody ; obliquely veined, about 2in. long, 2 lines broad above the middle, gradually tapering at the base and recurved at the end. Seeds oblique, oblong ; funicle straight, gradually thickened from the base into a narrow-turbinate aril, not at all folded.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
The more or less prominent nerves, the glaucous hue, or resinous exudations, very different in parts of the same specimen.- — Benth.
73. A. lysiphloea (referring to the flow of resin), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 137; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 393; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 4. “ Urr-tee,” Palmer River, Both. A rigid shrub of several feet or small tree, glabrous or nearly so, often very resinous. Phyllodia rather crowded, erect, obliquely linear- oblong, linear or oblanceolate, mostly obtuse but with a short rigid straight or oblique point, narrowed at the base, 4 to lin. long, thick and rigid, with 3 to 5 obscure or more or less prominent nerves. Spikes pedunculate, f to lin. long, slender but dense. Flow’ers mostly 5-merous. Sepals very short, thin, shortly united at the base. Petals shortly united, the midribs prominent. Pod flat, oblique or falcate, 1 to 2in. long, J to ^in. broad, hard and almost woody, reticulate and resinous. Seeds ovate, oblique ; funicle with one long fold and then thickened into a small aril under the base of the seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown.
Some of the narrow-leaved specimens have some resemblance to A. linarioides, but the fruit is very different. — Benth.
Twine made from the bark, and wood used for making spears. — Both.
74. A. linarioides (Linaria-like), Benth. in Hook. Bond. .Journ. i. 371, and II. Anstr. ii. 393. Glabrous or slightly pubescent and viscid, with terete branchlets. Phyllodia rather crow'ded, linear, obtuse, with a small rigid but not pungent point, f to lin. long, not above 1 line broad, obscurely 1-nerved. Spikes slender but rather dense, shortly pedunculate and exceeding the phyllodia. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Sepals small, thin, free or slightly connate at the base. Petals connate to the middle, with thickened tips. Pod linear, slightly curved, 14- line broad at the seeds and contracted between them, the valves convex, rigid, obscurely striate, with thickened nerve-like margins. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle with the last 2 or 3 folds thickened into an irregularly cup- shaped aril under the seed.
Hab.: Cavern Island, Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Broion.
This species has small 5-merous dowers and nearly the phyllodia of A. lysiphloea, with the pod more allied to that of A. longifolia and its allies, but more rigid. — Benth.
75. A. Chisholmi (after W. R. Chisholm), Bail. Ql. Ayri. Journ. iv., part 1. Plant very resinous, branches slightly pubescent, and more or less corrugated. Phyllodia linear, about lin. long and scarcely exceeding J line broad, apiculate, often somewhat falcate, slightly hairy. Spikes erect, rather slender, about 4 or 5 lines long, upon ‘a slender peduncle of an equal length. Flowers crowded, 5-merous. Sepals small, hyaline, only connate near the base. Petals twice as long as the sepals, free almost to the base, colour a deep-yellow. Stamens numerous ; filaments flexuose, slender. Ovary scaly, style flexuose, exceeding the stamens. Pod linear, slightly curved, about 24in. long and 3 lines broad,
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOStE.
508
tapering at the base to a stipes of 8 lines, margins thick, apex obtuse, veins anastomosing longitudinally, but often more or less hidden by the copious flow of resinous gum. Seeds obliquely transverse, oval, the central depression rather deep, nearly annular and minutely tubercular ; funicle with 2 or 3 folds, thickened under the seed into an irregular cup-shaped aril.
Hab.: Prairie, Torrens Creek, Northern Railway Line, IF. Ii. Chisholm.
76. A. stipuligera (stipules prominent), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 144; Bcnth. FI. Austr. ii. 393; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. 3. Softly tomentose or pubescent ; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia obliquely falcate, oblong or lanceolate, shortly narrowed at each end, with a small callous or hooked point, 1 to 2in. long, 8 to 7 lines broad, coriaceous, with 2, 3, or 4 very prominent nerves and nerve-like margins and numerous anastomosing more or less longi- tudinal veins, the principal nerves often scabrous with resinous exudations. Stipules brown, small, but more conspicuous than in any other Juliflora except A.cojispem i. Spikes nearly sessile, solitary or in pairs, 1 to nearly 2in. long, dense and tomentose. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx half as long as the corolla, thin, with spathulate lobes, readily separating into distinct sepals. Petals united to the middle, tomentose. Pod long, linear, slightly twisted, not 1J line broad, coriaceous, with nerve-like margins. Seeds very obliquely placed in the pod ; funicle rather long, enlarging and closely folding upwards.
Hab.: Gulf country.
77. A. umbellata (flowers in umbels), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 378, and FI. Austr. ii. 394. A tall shrub, young shoots slightly hoary or silky but soon glabrous ; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia from oblong and scarcely falcate to obliquely oblong-rhomboidal or broadly falcate, obtuse with a broadly callous or glandular tip, 2 to 4in. long, f to 1 Jin. broad, very coriaceous, with numerous parallel nerves or veins, 5 to 9 more prominent and some of them confluent with the lower margin at the base, the others closely packed, fine and rarely anastomosing. Spikes sessile or nearly so, often clustered, rather dense, 1 to 1 Jin. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous but sometimes 4-merous. Calyx pubescent, sinuate-toothed or shortly lobed. Petals with prominent midribs. Pod falcate or nearly straight, almost terete, with convex and coriaceous valves. Seeds ovate, oblique ; funicle short, dilated into a small aril of 2 or 3 folds under the seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
78. A. brevifolia (leaves short), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 395. Glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with angular branchlets. Phyllodia obliquely oblong, some- what falcate, very obtuse with a small callous point, narrowed at the base, 1J to 2in. long, J to fin. broad, very coriaceous with several prominent nerves, the intermediate veins irregularly reticulate or longitudinal. Spikes short, oblong- cylindrical, pedunculate. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, sinuate- toothed. Petals smooth. Pod flat, thick, almost woody, with oblique veins and thickened margins, very obtuse, ljin. long, nearly 4 lines broad, abruptly contracted below the middle into a broad stipes. Seeds oblique, but not seen ripe. — A. leptophleba (referred by Benth. to A. aulacocarpa), var. brevifolia, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 144.
Hab : Desert of the Suttor, F. v. Mueller.
79. A. gonoclada (branchlets angled), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 140 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 396 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. 2. Glabrous and glaucous, branchlets stout, with 2 or 3 much raised acute angles. Phyllodia lanceolate- oblong, slightly falcate, obtuse with oblique glandular tips, obliquely narrowed towards the base, 3 to 4in. long, 4 to 8 lines broad, coriaceous, with 2 or 3 more
Part II.
504
XLIII. LEGUMINOS.E.
[A racia .
prominent nerves almost confluent with the lower edge near the base, and numerous fine parallel veins scarcely anastomosing and not very closely packed. Spikes shortly pedunculate, t oblong-cylindrical, dense, about -4in. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx half as long as the corolla, shortly-toothed. Petals distinct, smooth, without prominent midribs. Pod narrow-linear, straight, 1 to 14-in. long, 14 line broad, thin and flat with nerve-like margins. Seeds longi- tudinal ; funicle dilated and once folded under the seed.
Hab.: Allied in some respects to A. Cun ning h amii. — Benth.
80. A. longifolia (long-leaved), Willd. Spec. PI. iv. 1052 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 397. An erect shrub, sometimes low and bushy, but attaining often a con- siderable size or growing into a small tree, glabrous or slightly pubescent when young ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia from broadly oblong to oblong-lanceolate or linear, very obtuse or almost acuminate, usually narrowed towards the base, with 2 to 5 more or less prominent longitudinal nerves and conspicuously or faintly reticulate between them, varying in length from 2 to Sin. in some varieties, to 5 or Gin. in others. Spikes axillary, loose and interrupted, flowers not imbri- cate, almost always 4-merous. Calyx very short, toothed. Petals smooth, united at the base or sometimes quite separating. Pod linear, often several inches long, 2 to 4 lines broad or rarely more ; valves coriaceous, convex over the seeds, usually contracted between them. Seeds longitudinal, often distant, funicle not much folded, thickened almost from the base into a turbinate almost cup-shaped aril at the base of the seed, and sometimes nearly as large. — F. v. M. PI. Viet, ii. 80; Maid, and Camp. FI. PI. N.S.W., No. 9.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, .-1 . Cunningham, and many other southern localities.
At Toowoomba called Black Wattle. In tanning only used for light skins. Staiger found the bark to contain 12-67% of tannin.
Wood towards the outside yellow, the inner brown, streaked with black ; tough ; easy to work A good cabinet wood. — Hailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 139.
Under the name of A. longifolia, I have followed F. v. Mueller in including the following forms, which, different as they generally appear, are connected by such a gradual chain of intermediates that they cannot be separated by any positive characters. — Benth.
Yar. Sophone, F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 30. Phyllodia obovate-oblong, very obtuse, coriaceous about 2 or rarely 3in. long, h to lin. broad, smaller veins reticulate. Calyx rather larger than in the other varieties. Pod usually much curved and thick, either slender and narrow, or 3 to 4 lines broad and very thick. — Mimosa Sophone, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. ii. 87, t. 237 ; A. Soph one. R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 3, v. 462; DC. Prod. ii. 454; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1351 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 110. — Often abundant chiefly on the seacoast, Moreton Bay. Plate in. .1. E Brown’s Forest FI. S. Austr. part 6.
Yar. typiea, Benth. FI. Austr. Phyllodia linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, mostly obtuse, 4 to 5in. long, coriaceous but often less so than in the last, the reticulate veinlets more or less elongated and parallel. Pod usually long and slender.— Mimosa longifolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 207 ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 62 ; .1. longifolia, Willd. Bot. Reg. t. 362; Bot. Mag. t. 1827, 2166 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 678.
Var. floribunda, F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 31. Phyllodia linear or linear-lanceolate, usually nar- rowed at each end or acute, 3 to 5in. long, less coriaceous than some other forms, the smaller veins less anastomosing and passing into long parallel veins scarcely finer than the principal nerve. — A. angustifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 763. — About Stanthorpe.
81. A. linearis (linear-leaved), Sims, Bot. Mag. L 2156 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 400. An erect shrub of several feet, glabrous or slightly pubescent when young ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia narrow-linear, from 4, 5, or Gin. long to twice that length, scarcely above 1 line broad, yvith a prominent longitudinal nerve and occasionally an additional faint one on each side. Spikes loose and interrupted, slender, 1 to 2in. long, quite glabrous. Flowers mostly 4-merous. Calyx very short, toothed. Petals smooth, united at the base. Pod linear, nearly straight, several inches long, usually about 2 lines broad. Seeds longi-
Acrid a.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
505
tudinal, but not seen perfect.^— DC. Prod. ii. 454 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 595 ; Hook, f. FI. Tasm. i. 109 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 31 ; A. lonyissima , Wendl. Comm. Acac. 45. t. 11 ; Bot. Reg. t. 680.
Hab.: North Coast Bailway Line, near Eumundi.
Enumerated by F. v. Mueller amongst tbe varieties of A. longifolia, and certainly very near the extreme forms of the var. dissitiflora, differing chiefly in the long narrow phyllodia, either strictly 1-nerved or with only a faint accessory nerve on each side. — Benth.
82. A. cyperophylla (sedge-leaved), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 400; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 6. Tall, with curly bark and dark wood, branchlets terete. Phyllodia linear-subulate, with a fine usually curved point, 6 to lOin. long, terete or very slightly compressed, striate with numerous exceedingly fine parallel nerves only visible under a lens, hoary with a very minute loose pubescence. Spikes sessile or nearly so, oblong, not Jin. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous or 6-merous. Calyx turbinate, about half as long as the corolla, at first shortly toothed but often dividing nearly to the base. Petals smooth, glabrous. Pod straight, very narrow, about 8 Jin. long. Seeds oval, very obliquely placed in the pod ; funicle much folded, forming an aril at the end.
Hab.: Southern inland localities.
83. A. pityoides (Pine-like), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 135 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 400; F. v. M. 1c. Dec. x. 7. Quite glabrous; branchlets slender, terete. Phyllodia linear-subulate, rather rigid but not pungent, 2 to 4in. long, slender, terete and almost nerveless, or slightly flattened and striate with very fine nerves, scarcely visible without a lens. Spikes usually in pairs, pedunculate, about Jin. long, slender but dense. Flowers small, mostly 5-merous. Calyx very thin and transparent, deeply lobed or the sepals quite free but not spathulate, fully two-thirds as long as the corolla. Petals thin, connate to the middle, with- out prominent midribs. Pod elongated, nearly flat, curved or twisted, 1 to 1J lines broad, slightly contracted between the seeds ; valves thinly coriaceous. Seeds obovate, longitudinal ; funicle straight, enlarging upwards.
Hab.: Ridges of the Suttor, F. v. Mueller.
84. A. aneura (wanting nerves) F. v. M. in Linncea, xxvi. 627, and Fragm. iv. 8 ; Benth FI. Austr. ii. 402 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 8. Mulga. Shrub or tree, often hoary with a very minute pubescence ; branchlets terete or nearly so. Phyllodia narrow-linear, obtuse or with a recurved or oblique callous point, usually flat but thick, 1J to 3in. long, 1 to 1J line broad, but varying from short and narrow- oblong to very narrow and almost terete, without conspicuous nerves, but finely and obscurely striate under a lens. Spikes shortly pedunculate, J to fin. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Sepals very narrow, linear-spathulate. Petals smooth. Pod thin, flat, obliquely oblong, very obtuse, narrowed at the base, 1 to ljin. long, about 4 lines broad, the sutures edged with a narrow wing. Seeds ovate, oblique or transverse ; funicle with 2 or 3 short folds, expanded into a small membranous aril under the seed.
Hab.: Inland localities.
Foliage largely used as food for stock in times of drought.
85. A. cibaria (used for food) F. v. M., Melb. Chon., July 1882. A tall shrub or small tree ; branchlets not angular, slightly silky. Phyllodia rather long, thick, rigid, broadly linear, very finely many-nerved, of greyish hue, curved- apiculated ; stipules and gland obliterated. Spikes axillary, solitary, short- stalked, not elongated. Flowers slightly short-hairy. Bracts rhomboid towards the summit, very thin towards the base, surpassed in length by the flowers. Sepals narrow, free, hardly half as long as the unstreaked corolla. Pods straight,
506
XLIII. LEGUMINOS7E.
[ Acacia .
cylindrical, longitudinally streaked. Seeds placed lengthwise, oblong, their two areoles minute ; strophiole very short, cupular, occupying only the basal portion of the seed ; funicle closely twisted beneath the strophiole. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Mueller’s 2nd Syst. Cens. Austr. PI. 79.
Baron Mueller says that in foliage this species resembles A. aneura, but differs in the pods from that species. He also says that the seeds are used for food by the natives.
86. A. Kempeana (after Rev. H. Kempe) F. r.M., Mi’ll), ( 'linn. Druyy., July
1882 ; 7c. Dec. x. 9. A tree with faintly angular branchlets. Phyllodia oblong, more or less tapering at the base, about 2in. long and iin. broad, obtuse, 8-nerved and nerve-like margins, closely striate between the nerves ; stipules and gland obliterated. Spikes axillary, generally solitary on short peduncles, together, not half as long as the phyllodia. Bracts thin rhomboid, short.
Flowers glabrous, three times as long as the bracts. Calyx-teeth short. Corolla not streaked, three times the length of the calyx. Pods under 2in. long and iin. broad, flat, oblong, smooth, stipitate. Seeds transverse ; funicle much twisted and ending in a large fold under the seed. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Warrego and Maranoa, Barton (F. v. M.)
87. A. xylocarpa (pod woody), A. Gunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 370, and FI. Austr. ii. 401 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dee. xi. 8. A shrub of 2 to 4ft., glabrous and slightly viscid ; branchlets terete. Phyllodia linear-subulate, not pointed, 2 to 4in. long, rather rigid, terete or rarely flattened to nearly 1 line in breadth, obscurely 1 -nerved. Spikes mostly in pairs, shortly pedunculate, slender but closely packed, i to fin. long when fully out. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx shortly lohed, about half as long as the corolla. Petals united to the middle, with prominent midribs. Pod nearly terete or slightly flattened, 1^ to Bin. long, shortly acuminate, 3 to 4 lines broad and thick near the end, gradually tapering to the base ; valves hard, almost woody, striate lengthwise, opening elastically from the end downwards. Seeds oblique ; funicle straight, gradually and slightly thickened from the base upwards. — A. orthocarpa, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 136.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller.
Yar. (?) tenuisxima. Phyllodia longer and more slender. Spikes short. Pod unknown. — A. temiimma, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 135.— Sturt’s Creek, F. v. Mueller.
88 A. gonocarpa (pods angled), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. 136 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 401 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 9. A shrub of 4 or 5ft., young shoots viscid, with slender flattened or angular branchlets, at length terete. Phyllodia very narrow-linear, but flat, with a small callous or hooked point, mostly H to 2 or rarely 3in. long, prominently 1 -nerved. Spikes shortly pedun- culate, solitary or in pairs, f to +in. long, very slender, but with numerous closely packed very small flowers, mostly 5-merous. Sepals very narrow, linear, thin and distinct. Petals thin, cohering to the middle. Pod hard and woody, 1£ to 2in. long, about 3 lines broad ; valves opening elastically from the ends downwards as in A. .vylocarpa, but with raised acute longitudinal angles. Seeds not seen, the pod obliquely partitioned for their reception as in A. xylocarpa.
Hab.: Rocky shores of the Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. M.
89. A. drepanocarpa (sickle-shaped pod), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 137 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 402 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. 10. A glabrous shrub, the young shoots resinous ; branchlets slender, slightly angular. Phyllodia narrow-linear, straight or slightly curved, obtuse, narrowed towards the base, 2 to 4in. long, 1 to 2 lines broad, with a slightly prominent central nerve and 1 or 2 finer veins on each side. Spikes slender, not very dense, 4 to fin. long, shortly pedunculate. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx thin, with narrow
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
507
lobes, half as long as the corolla. Petals connate to the middle, with prominent midribs as in A. xijlocarpa. Pod erect, linear, to 3in. long, to 2 lines broad, flat but thick, with much raised margins and obliquely veined between them, the almost woody valves rolling back elastically as in A. rjonocarpa. Seeds oblique ; funicle straight, gradually thickened from the base, narrow- turbinate and cup-shaped under the seed.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Whitsunday and Palm Islands, Henne.
90. A. conspersa (scattered), F. c. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 140; Lenth. FI. Austr. ii. 403. A shrub of 5 to 10ft., with loosely pubescent branches and conspicuous though small brown stipules as in A. stipidigera. Phyllodia narrow-lanceolate, mostly falcate, narrowed at each end, obtuse or with a small rigid or glandular point, 2 to 3in. long, 2 to 4 lines broad, coriaceous, often minutely mealy or slightly pubescent, with a prominent central nerve and often 2 less prominent lateral ones, and numerous very fine parallel veins between. Flowers not seen. Pod linear, straight or slightly falcate, about It line broad, thick but flat till ripe, and then the valves slightly convex and hard. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle short, the last 2 folds expanded into an aril under the seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown.
91. A. doratoxylon (Spearwood), A. Cunn. in Field , N. .S'. Wales, 345 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 403; F. v. M. lc. Dec. x. 1. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous with an ashy hue ; branchlets at first acutely angular, but soon terete. Phyllodia elongated, slightly falcate, shortly acuminate, and often with oblique or recurved points, 4 to Sin. long, 2, 3, or rarely 4 lines broad, narrowed towards the base, rather thick, with numerous fine parallel nerves, the central one more prominent. Spikes shortly pedunculate, solitary or clustered, rarely lin. long, rather dense. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx sinuate-toothed, not half as long as the corolla. Petals with slightly prominent midribs. Pod 3 to 4in. long, very narrow, tapering much at the point and slightly constricted between the seeds. Seeds longitudinal ; funicle twice or thrice folded and forming an aril at the base of the seed.
Hab.: On the Upper Maranoa, Mitchell ; Moreton Bay, C. Moore.
Wood dark-brown, with a small quantity of yellow sapwood ; close-grained, very hard, and prettily marked. Recommended for buggy poles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 139c.
92. A. delibrata (sheds its bark), A. Cunn.; Bentli. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 374, and FI. Austr. ii. 404; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. i. Branchlets slender, slightly angular, silky-pubescent when young. Phyllodia linear-lanceolate, falcate, narrowed at both ends, 4 to 6in. long, 2 to 5 lines broad in the middle, rather thin, sprinkled with loose silky hairs, with about 3 fine but prominent nerves, and finer less conspicuous and not very numerous longitudinal veins between them, occasionally anastomosing. Flowers crowded, in dense erect spikes, on short peduncles, 5-merous. Fruiting-spikes with a rhachis of 1 to liin. Pod elongated, straight, flat with thickened margins, about 3 lines broad, the coriaceous valves rather convex over the seeds, narrowed between them. Seeds oval, obliquely placed in the pod on a rather long straight funicle.
Hab.: Gulf country, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
Pods contain a large quantity of saponin. — Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
93. A. torulosa (twisted), Bentli. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 139, and FI. Austr. ii. 405 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 2. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous, with angular branchlets. Phyllodia linear-lanceolate, falcate, with an oblique glandular point, narrowed towards the base, 4 to Bin. long, 3 to 4 lines wide, coriaceous, with 3 to 5 prominent nerves and numerous very fine parallel
508
XLIII. LEGUMINOSJE.
[ Acacia .
ones between them. Spikes solitary or in pairs or threes, very shortly peduncu- late, 4 to fin. long, slender but rather dense. Flowers small, mostly 5-merous. Sepals narrow-linear, spathulate, ciliate, free or slightly united at the base. Petals united to the middle. Pod long, remarkably moniliferous, the valves thickly coriaceous, convex, oblong, and about 3 lines broad over the seeds, much contracted between them. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle short, the last fold expanded into a small obliquely cup-shaped aril under the seed.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Dayman’s Island, Endeavour Straits, W. Hill.
Wood dark-brown, tough and strong. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 139d.
Scarcely to be distinguished from A. julifera, A. plectocarpa, and some others, except by the fruit. — Benth.
94. A. julifera (flowers in spikes), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 874, and FI. Austr. ii. 405. A tall shrub or tree, usually glabrous except the inflores- cence ; branchlets slender, angular when young, but soon terete. Phyllodia narrow-lanceolate, falcate, narrowed at both ends, 4 to 6in. long, f to 4-in. broad, coriaceous, with 1 to 3 fine nerves and the nerve-like margins rather more pro- minent than the numerous fine veins between them. Spikes dense, shortly pedunculate, 1 to 14in. long, solitary or two or three together on a short common peduncle. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, more or less lobed, pubescent, woolly or rarely almost glabrous. Pod long, 1^ to 2 lines broad, spirally twisted into numerous coils either loose and irregular or closely packed into a short cylinder ; valves flat or slightly convex. Seeds longitudinal ; funicle slightly thickened from the base, at first straight, forming 2 or 3 more dilated folds under the seed.
Hab.: Cumberland Islands, If. Brown; Rodd’s Bay, A. Cunningham; Rockingham Bay, W. Hill; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy.
Very difficult, without the pod, to distinguish from A. doratoxylon and A. plectocarpa. Phyllodia more falcate than in the former. Branchlets much less angular than in the latter. — Benth.
95. A. Solandri (after Dr. Solander), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 406. A tall shrub or tree, glabrous or the young shoots slightly silky ; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia as in A. julifera, narrow-lanceolate, falcate, 4 to 6in. long, 3 to 4 lines broad, with 1 to 3 slightly prominent and numerous very fine parallel nerves. Spikes 2 to 3in. long, slender, interrupted and glabrous or nearly so. Flowers distant as in A. linearis, but much smaller and all or mostly 5-merous. Calyx short and truncate. Petals smooth. Pod unknown.
Hab.: Bay of Inlets. Banks and Solander (Herb. R. Br.), and possibly a form with woolly calyxes from the head of Boyd River, Leichhardt, the specimens imperfect. I am unable to adopt for this species Solander’s ms. name of salicifolia, as there already exist an A. saligna and an A. salicina. — Benth.
96. A. leptostachya (slender spikes of flowers), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 406 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. x. 3 Hoary or silvery white with a very minute pubescence or nearly glabrous ; branchlets slender, slightly angular. Phyllodia linear or lanceolate mostly falcate, narrowed at each end but obtuse, 1 to 2 or rarely 3in. long, 1 to 5 lines broad, straight or slightly oblique at the base, coriaceous and finely striate with numerous nerves all equal or 2 or 3 rather more prominent. Spikes mostly in pairs, very shortly pedunculate, slender, f to above lin. long, glabrous or nearly so. Flowers usually distant, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, truncate. Petals smooth, united at the base only. Pod about 3in. long, curved, very narrow. Seeds longitudinal. Funicle once folded.
Hab.: Newcastle Range, F. v. Mueller ; Edgecombe Heights, Port Denison, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Broadsound, Herb. F. Mueller.
Until the fruit is known the affinities of this species must remain uncertain. F. v. Mueller considers it as a form of A. glaucescens, but the phyllodia are quite different, and the specimens have more the aspect of some of the species with transverse seeds. — Benth.
Acacia.]
ILIII. LEGUMINOS/E.
5o£
97. A- glaucescens (bluish-grey), Willrl. Spec. PI. iv. 1052, and Hurt. Berol. t. 101 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 406. One of the so-called Rosewoods. An erect tree attaining 60ft. or more, bark probably the thinnest in the genus, sometimes not over 2 lines thick ; foliage generally ashy or hoary with a very minute close pubescence or the young shoots yellowish ; branchlets more slender and much less angular than in A. Cunningharnii. Phyllodia oblong-falcate or lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, mostly 4 to 6in. long, J to near lin. broad in the middle, coriaceous, striate with numerous very fine nerves, 3 to 5 rather more prominent, the smaller ones occasionally anastomosing, and all free from the lower margin from the base. Spikes nearly sessile or shortly pedunculate, often clustered in the upper axils, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers distinct or distant, mostly 5-merous but occasionally 4-merous. Calyx short, truncate or sinuate-toothed, pubescent or woolly. Pod (if correctly matched) linear, much twisted or irregularly coiled ; valves hard, convex, about 2 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal. — DC. Prod. ii. 454 ; Mimosa binervis, Wendl. Bot. Beob. 56, quoted in Comm. Acac. 53 ; A. homomalla, Wendl. Comm. Acac. 49, t. 13 (from the figure and description); DC. Prod. ii. 454 ; A. cinerascens, Sieb. in DC. Prod. ii. 454 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3174 ; A. leucadendron, A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 374.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others ; between the Severn and Condamine Rivers, Leichhardt.
Wood with a very narrow quantity of sapwood, which is of a light-yellow colour, the rest of the wood being dark, resembling English Walnut and Rosewood. A valuable wood for veneer ; more or less fragrant; useful in turnery and cabinet-work. — Bailey’* Cat. Ql. Woods No. 139a.
98. Ac Maideni (after J. H. Maiden), F. v. M. Viet. Nat. 1892. Arbores- cent ; branchlets somewhat angular towards the summit ; phyllodia large, of chartaceous texture, lanceolate-falcate, gradually narrowed into the petiole, very closely striolated by fine longitudinal venules with some few of these more pro- minent, almost glabrous or slightly greyish from hardly visible hairlets ; marginal gland near the anterior base of the phyllodia inconspicuous ; spikes almost sessile, solitary or 2 or 3 together, their rhachis tomentellous ; calyx broader than long, much shorter than the corolla, short-lobed, slightly pubescent ; corolla almost glabrous, deeply cleft into usually 4 lobes, not streaked. Pod narrow, consider- ably compressed, much twisted, outside beset with minute hairlets ; seed placed longitudinally, ovate-ellipsoid, shining-black, their areole on each side large ; funiele pale-reddish, completely or extensively encircling the seed, suddenly doubled back from the summit, folded at the lower side.
Hab.: Southern localities.
99. A. Cunninghamii (after A. Cunningham), Hook. lc. PI. t. 165, not of
Bon, and FI. Austr. ii. 407. “Tchilgar,” Bundaberg, Keys; “ Kowarkull,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A shrub or small tree of 10 to 20ft., glabrous or hoary-pubescent ; branchlets acutely 3-angled. Phyllodia falcate-oblong or lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, mostly 5 to 6in. long and 1 to Hin. broad, or larger on barren shoots, with numerous parallel veins, 3 to 5 more prominent than the others, and 1 or 2 confluent with the lower margin near the very oblique base. Spikes 1J to 3in. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous, often distinct or distant. Calyx short, truncate or sinuate-toothed, usually glabrous. Petals
smooth. Pod long, linear, very flexuose or twisted, 1 to 2 lines broad ; valves coriaceous, convex. Seeds longitudinal.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others; sandy forests near Mount Owen, Mitchell.
Drs. T. E. Bancroft and Lauterer have found the unripe pods to contain saponin
Gum contains 10% of arabin and 72 5% of motnrabin. — I.anterer.
The bark yields 9-13% of tannin. Staiger.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, hard and heavy, prettily marked. Bailey's Cat. (,)!.
I Foods No. 140.
510 XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E. [ Acacia .
Distinguished from A. glauccscens by the very angular branches, the larger phyllodia and their venation. — Benth.
Var. longispicatu. Branches stout and still more angular. Phyllodia 6 to 8in. long, 1 to 2in. broad. Spikes 3 to 4in. long. — .-1. longispicata, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 298. — Near Mount Pluto and Lake Salvator, Mitchell.
100. A. leptocarpa (slender pods), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 376, and FI. Austr. ii. 407. Usually glabrous ; branchlets at first slightly angular, but soon terete. Phyllodia falcate-lanceolate, narrowed at each end, 4 to Gin. long, 4 to 8 lines broad, with 3 or more fine slightly prominent nerves and very fine parallel ones between them, rarely anastomosing, and not nearly so close as in several allied species, the interval between each several times the breadth of the vein. Spikes 1-J- to 2in. long, solitary or in pairs. Flowers mostly 5-merous, usually glabrous, not very close. Calyx short, sinuate-toothed. Petals smooth, united at the base. Pod linear, straight or nearly so, several inches long, 1| to 2 lines broad ; valves coriaceous, convex over the seeds, contracted between them. Seeds longitudinal ; funicle with the last 2 or 3 folds dilated into an oblong cup- shaped aril, nearly as long as the seed, but embracing its base only.
Hab.: Cape York, II'. Hill ; Endeavour River and Cape Flinders, A. Cunningham ; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
Twine made from the bark. — Roth.
Wood dark-brown, close-grained, hard and prettily marked ; useful in turnery and cabinet- work.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. II Toods No. 140b.
101. A. polystachya (spikes numerous), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 376, and FI. Austr. ii. 407. Glabrous, young branches angular, but soon terete. Phyllodia falcate-oblong or lanceolate, narrowed at each end, 6 to lOin. long, 1 to l^in. broad, very oblique at the base, with 3 to 5 prominent nerves, the intermediate ones fine and numerous, but not very closely packed and occasionally anastomosing. Spikes solitary or 2 or 3 together, slender, glabrous, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous, not very close. Calyx sinuate-toothed, not half so long as the corolla. Petals united to the middle. Pod very flexuose, but not spiral, several inches long, 5 to 6 lines broad ; valves fiat, thinly coria- ceous. Seeds longitudinal in the centre of the pod ; funicle long, dilated and colored, the last 2 folds more than half encircling the seed, the next 2 extending along the other side so as nearly to surround it.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brotvn : Port Bowen, A. Cunningham ; Endeavour River, IF. Hill.
Very like A. leptocarpa, but phyllodia usually larger and the pod and seed different. — Benth.
Wood dark, close-grained, prettily marked. Bark contains 7‘59% of tannin, Staiger. — Bailey's Cat. Ql Woods No. 140a.
102. A. holcocarpa (pods grooved), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 408 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xi. 5. Glabrous; branchlets slender, terete. Phyllodia broadly falcate, narrowed at both ends and very oblique at tbe base, 4 to 5 or perhaps 6in. long,
1 to Jin. broad, not glaucous, with 2 or 3 fine rather prominent nerves and very numerous, very fine, closely packed parallel veins between them. Spikes nearly sessile, about lin. long, slender but dense. Flowers mostly 5-merous, but some- times 4-merous, small. Calyx deeply lobed, pubescent. Pod long and slender, straight or slightly curved, nearly terete, longitudinally sulcate-striate, about
2 lines diameter. Seeds oblong, longitudinal, embedded in what appears to be a dried pulp ; funicle short, scarcely folded, dilated into a short more or less oblique aril.
Hab.: Port Bowen and Thirsty Sound, R. Brotvn; Trinity Bay, Hill; Rockingham Bay, Italia chy .
Phyllodia precisely like those of A. crassicarpa, but the pod very different.— Herb. R. Brown (Benth.)
Acacia.]
XLIII. LEGUMlNOSiE.
511
108. A. plectocarpa (pod spur-like), A. Cunn.; Bentli. in Hook. Loud. Journ. i. 375, and FI. Austr. ii. 408 ; F. v. M. 1c. Dec. x. 10. Glabrous and often some- what glaucous, with acutely angular branchlets. Phyllodia usually falcate- lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, 4 to 6in. long, 4 to 8 lines broad, resembling those of A. julifera, but varying from 2 or 3in. long, coriaceous and nearly straight to above Gin. long, narrow-linear and thin, about 3 nerves fine but more or less prominent, and numerous closely packed very fine parallel veins between them. Spikes slender, not very dense, about lin. long, the upper ones often forming a terminal leafy panicle. Flowers small, mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, minutely toothed. Petals smooth. Pod linear, not very long, usually 3 to 4 lines broad, coriaceous, at first flat, with straight slightly thickened margins, but becoming often very much undulate between them, from under 3 lines broad and quite thin to broader and thick. Seeds ovate, obliquely transverse, the last 2 or 3 folds of the funicle dilated into an aril under the seed.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
104. A. aulacocarpa (grooved pods), A. Cunn.: Bentli. in Honk. Bond. Journ. i. 378, and FI. Austr. ii. 410; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. ix. 9. “ Boorgun',” Nanango, Shirley. Slightly hoary or ashy-glaucous with a minute almost powdery down, which at length disappears ; branchlets angular. Phyllodia falcate-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, 3 to 4in. long, about fin. broad, with a few slightly prominent nerves, the lower ones confluent with the lower margin at the base, and numerous smaller closely packed veins, rarely anastomosing. Spikes slender, loose, 1 to 2in. long, tomentose-pubescent or glabrous. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx with short broad lobes. Petals united below the middle. Pod falcate-oblong, flat but thick, obtusely recurved at the end, 2 to 3fin. long, f to fin. broad, much narrowed at the base, hard, obliquely veined. Seeds obliquely transverse ; funicle twisted, not forming an aril under the seed.
Hab.: Port Bowen, If Brown, A. Cunningham; Rockhampton, DaUachy ; Cameron's Brush, Leichhardt ?
Wood hard, heavy, tough, of a dark colour; useful in cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 141.
Var. (?) macrocarpa. Pods 3 to 5in. long, j to lin. broad, much undulate. — Keppel Bay, Shoalwater Bay, and Broadsound, If. Brown.
105. A. calyculata (flower buds small), A. Cunn.; Bentli. in Hook. Land. Journ. i. 379, and FI. Austr. ii. 410. Glabrous or ashy-glaucous; branchlets very flat when young, with acute edges. Phyllodia falcate-obtuse, narrowed at the base, 2 to 3in. long, about fin. broad, rather thick, with a few slightly prominent fine nerves and numerous very fine closely packed parallel veins, rarely anastomosing. Spikes mostly clustered, shortly pedunculate, slender, f to fin. long. Flowers very small, mostly 5-merous, probably white (from Solander’s ms. name A . albijlora j. Calyx short, sinuate-toothed, pubescent or villous. Pod falcate-oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, flat but thick and hard and obliquely veined, resembling that of A. aulacocarpa, but not seen ripe.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Fitzroy Island, A. Cunningham.
Pod of A. aulucocarpa, with shorter and more obtuse phyllodia, and the branchlets more flattened than in any other Juliflorce of the same subseries. The pods in Cunningham’s herbarium are not attached, but carefully numbered to prevent their being mismatched. — Benth.
Wood dark-brown, hard and heavy ; close-grained. Suitable for turnery and cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 141a.
106. A. crassicarpa (pods thick), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook, l^ond. Journ. i. 379, and FI. Austr. ii. 410. Lancewood of Cairns, K. Cowley ; “ Mon-jin,” Butcher’s Hill, “ Ta-ra,” Morehead River, Roth. A handsome tree of 30 to 40ft. or more, glabrous and somewhat glaucous or hoary with a minute powdery pubescence. Branchlets scarcely angular. Phyllodia falcate-oblong,
512
XL1II. LEGtJMiNOSJE.
[Acacia.
narrowed at both ends, 5 to 8in. long, 1 to 2in. broad, very oblique, some of the principal nerves confluent with the lower margin at the base, and numerous fine parallel veins between them, very rarely or not at all anastomosing. Spikes solitary or clustered, slender, not very dense, lin. long or rather more. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx thin, sinuate-toothed, glabrous, about half as long as the corolla. Petals smooth but with the midrib prominent in the bud, united to the middle. Pod oblong, fiat, thick, hard, obliquely veined, 2 to 3in. long, f to nearly lin. broad, obliquely truncate at the base, occasionally slightly twisted. Seeds oblique ; funicle not seen.
Hab.: Goold Island, M‘Gillivray ; Sweers Island, Henne ; Cairns, E. Cowley ; Albany Island, W. Hill.
Wood prettily marked, hard, and dark-coloured.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 141a.
107. A. auriculiformis (ear-shaped), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 377, and FI. Austr. ii. 411 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. ix. 10. A small tree, glabrous and glaucous, with slightly angular branchlets. Phyllodia falcate- oblong, narrowed at both ends, 5 to 8in. long, 1 to 2in. broad, like those of A. crassicarpa, but the finer veins less crowded and occasionally anastomosing, the principal nerves, as in that species, A. polxjstachya and others, confluent with or near the lower margin at the base. Flowers not seen, unless some of the flowering specimens referred to A. polystacliya belong to this species. Pod hard, almost woody, as in A. crassicarpa, but very much twisted in an irregular spire, with the outer edge often sinuate as in some Pithecolobiums : valves obliquely veined, 6 to 8 lines broad.
Hab.: Albany Island, W. Hill. F. v. Mueller.
108. A. latifolia (broad-leaved), Benth. in Hook. Land. Journ. i. 382, and
FI. Austr. ii. 411 ; F. r. M. Ic. Dec. ix. 7. “ Yoo-a-bal,” Princess Charlotte’s
Bay, Roth Glabrous and glaucous ; branchlets with 2 or 3 very much raised acute or almost winged angles. Phyllodia obliquely ovate-rhomboid or falcate, 3 to Gin. long, 1A to 2in. broad, with 3 to 5 nerves confluent at the base at or near the lowrer margin, which is often slightly decurrent, pinnately net-veined between them. Spikes pedunculate, loose, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers mostly 4-merous. Calyx very short, broad, truncate or obscurely toothed. Petals smooth, above 1 line long, united at the base but readily separating. Pod shortly stipitate, linear, straight or curved, 2 to 4in. long, nearly 3 lines broad, flat with nerve-like margins, but not seen ripe. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle scarcely folded, thickened into an oblique lateral aril.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brawn; Princess Charlotte Sound, Dr. W.
E. Roth. Flowering in December.
Fibre obtained from bark used in making fishing nets. — Roth.
109. A. holosericea (silky in all parts), A. Cunn. in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 407 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 411. “War-roon,” Cooktown, Roth. Hoary or white with a close silky pubescence ; branchlets with 3 much raised angles. Phyllodia obliquely oval-oblong, obtuse or mucronate, 4 to Gin. long, 1 to 3in. broad, or the lower ones much larger, with 3 or 4 prominent nerves confluent with the lower margin at the base, and pinnately net-veined between them. Spikes sessile, often 2in. long or more. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx small, shortly lobed, pubescent. Petals pubescent, united at the base. Pod long-linear, irregularly or spirally twisted, 2 to 2-i- lines broad ; valves convex. Seeds ovate, longitudinal ; funicle folded and dilated into a cup-shaped or turbinate aril at the base. — A. neurocarpa, A. Cunn. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 168.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solandcr ; Rockhampton and Port Denison, Thozet. Dallachy, and others; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy.
Wood hard, of a whitish colour. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 141c.
Yar. puhescem, F. v. M. Everywhere softly pubescent, even the pod.— Victoria River,
F. v. Mueller.
Acacia. J
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
513
110. A. Mangium (an old generic name), Willd. Spec. iv. 1053. Branches subtrigonal. Stipules almost wanting. Pkyllodia ovate, acute, attenuated at the base, longitudinal nerve parallel to the lower margin of the phyllodium and sending out oblique nerves on the upper gide. Peduncles usually solitary, bearing a head of flowers. Pod falcate. — Mangium rnontanum, Rumpk. Amb. iii. 123, t. 81.
Hab.: Edgecombe Bay, F. v. Mueller.
This plant is very imperfectly known, and may be identical with A. holosericea , A. Cunn.
111. A. cincinnata (the pods curled), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 85'; Ic. Dec. ix. 6. Tree or shrub, at first slightly silky, at length glabrescent, the branchlets becoming quickly somewhat terete. Phyllodia 4 to 6in. long, 8 to 12 lines broad, falcate-lanceolate, chartaceous, 8-nerved, venose-striolate and reticulate, the nerves confluent with the lower margin at the base. Spikes axillary, solitary or in pairs on short peduncles ; rhachis slender, silky-pubescent ; flowers distant. Bracts shorter than the calyx, moderately broad and acute. Calyx sericeo- pubescent, almost as broad as long, about J line high, teeth 5, deltoid. Corolla 5-lobed, a little exceeding 1 line long, glabrous. Style glabrous. ' Pod spirally curled, 2 to 3 lines broad, the curl about lin. long, pruinose, grey-blue outside. Seeds oval, longitudinal, about 2 lines long ; funicle yellow, twice encircling and many times folded at the base of the seed.
Hab.; Rockingham Bay and several other localities in tropical Queensland.
Wood of a dark colour, nicely marked, close-grained, hard and tough, of a somewhat greasy nature ; useful for cabinet-work, turnery, walking sticks, umbrella handles, &c. Mr. W. Macartney, Forest Hill, Mackay, states that this timber resists the attacks of the teredo. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 141d.
112. A. dimidiata (halved, shape of leaf), Bentli. in Hook. Loud. Journ. i. 381, and FI. Austr. ii. 412. Hoary with a minute pubescence or nearly glabrous ; branchlets scarcely angular. Phyllodia broadly and obliquely ovate-rhomboid, obliquely truncate at the base, usually 3 to 4in. long, 2 to 3in. broad, but on some barren shoots twice or three times that size, with 4 or 5 prominent nerves more or less confluent with the lower margin at the base, and pinnately net- veined between them. Spikes sessile or shortly pedunculate, usually in pairs, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx angular, lobed, readily separating into distinct sepals. Petals united below the middle. Pod linear, nearly straight, 2 to 6in. long, 2 to 3 lines broad ; valves coriaceous, very convex. Seeds longi- tudinal, ovoid-oblong ; funicle short, thickened into a turbinate or obliquely cup- shaped aril at the base of the seed.— A. dolabriformis, A. Cunn. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 169, not of Wendl.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
113. A. humifusa (dwarf habit of plant), A. Cunn.; Bentli. in Hook. Bond. Journ i. 382, and FI. Austr. ii. 412. Diffuse or prostrate, softly pubescent or tomentose ; branchlets nearly terete. Phyllodia broadly and obliquely ovate- rhomboid or almost orbicular, l\ to 2in. long and nearly as broad, or in luxuriant shoots nearly twice that size, often undulate, with 3 to 5 nerves more or less confluent with the lower margin at the base, and pinnately reticulate between them. Spikes sessile, oblong, dense, scarcely exceeding |fn. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx deeply lobed, pubescent. Petals densely pubescent, united at the base. Pod linear, nearly straight, thick, and nearly terete, 1-| to 3in. long, 2£ to 3 lines broad, coriaceous, pubescent. Seeds oblong, longitudinal ; funicle with the last 1 or 2 folds thickened into an obliquely cup-shaped aril at the base of the seed.
Hab.; Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown : Endeavour River, Banks and Solander : Cape Cleveland, A. Cunmnyham : Lizard Island, M‘ G-illivray ; Albany Island, W.Hill: Somerset.
514
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[ Acacia .
114. A. spectabilis (good-looking), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Loud. Journ.
i. 383, and FI. Austr. ii. 413. A tall shrub, glabrous and glaucous, or the branchlets and petioles shortly hirsute. Pinna? 2 to 4 pairs ; leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, obovate-oblong, very obtuse, 4 to 6 lines long, rather thick and obscurely veined ; gland depressed at the lowest pair of pinna?, often very obscure. Flower-heads in axillary racemes longer than the leaves, the upper ones often paniculate. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, obtusely toothed. Petals united at the base only. Pod 3 to 4in. long, about ^in. broad, glaucous. — Bot. Reg. 1843, t. 46; A. chrysobotrys, Meissn. Ind. Sem. Hort. Basil. 1842, from the character in Walp. Rep. ii. 906.
Hab.: Brisbane River, A. Gunninyham ; between the Severn and Condamine Rivers, Leich- hardt; forest near Harvey’s Range and Maranoa River, Mitchell. Flowering in August.
Var. (?) Stuartii. Leaflets 10 to 15 pairs and rather narrower, but glands as in A. spectabilis. — Towards the Macintyre.
115. A. polybotrya (flowers on many branches), Benth. in Hook. Bond. Journ. i. 384, aiu! FI. Austr. ii. 14 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xii. 6. A tall shrub, the foliage more or less pubescent. Pinna? usually 2 or 3 pairs; leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, narrow-oblong, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long, rather thick with a prominent nerve near the lower edge, the rhachis terminating in a recurved deciduous point ; a gland at the base of the petiole, those between the leaflets rare and minute. Flower-heads numerous, small, in racemes much exceeding the leaves, the upper ones forming a terminal panicle. Flowers mostly 5-merous. Calyx short, obtusely lobed. Petals united at the base. Pod about 3^in. long, constricted between the seeds. Seeds longitudinal; funicle not folded.
Hab.: Burnett River, F. v. Mueller; S. part of the colony, Bowman; limestone hills, Leichhardt; Ipswich, Nernst. Flowering in August.
Wood pinkish, close-grained, hard, and beautifully marked ; would be a valuable cabinet wood. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No 142.
Var. foliolosa. Softly pubescent. Pinnse 4 to 6 pairs, 2 to 3in. long; leaflets 15 to 25 pairs, 3 to 6 lines long and less obtuse.
116. A. discolor (two-colored), Willd. Spec. PI. iv. 1068; Benth. FI. Austr.
ii. 414. A tall shrub or tree, branchlets terete or angular, glabrous or pubescent. Pinnce 2 to 6 pairs, leaflets 10 to 15 pairs, oblong, obtuse or acute, 3 to 4 lines long, rather firm, 1-nerved, glabrous, pale underneath ; gland usually large on the petiole and a few small ones at the upper pairs of leaflets. Flower-heads in axillary racemes, the upper racemes forming a terminal panicle ; flowers 6 to 15 in the head, rather large, 5-merous. Calyx short, broadly lobed, ciliate. Petals rather rigid, with prominent midribs, striate in the bud. Pod 1 to 3in. long, 5 to 6 lines broad. Seeds longitudinal ; funicle filiform. — Mimosa discolor, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 235 ; M. paniculata, Wendl. Bot. Beob. 57 ; M. botrycephala, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 1 ; Acacia botrycephala, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3300 ; A. discolor, DC. Prod. ii. 468 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1750 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 601 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. Ill ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. 34; A. maritima, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 384 (with more glabrous and angular branchlets) ; A. Sieberiana, Scheele in Linmea, xvii. 337.
Hab.: Near Stanthorpe.
117. A. decurrens (petioles decurrent upon the branches), Willd. Spec. PL iv. 1072 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 414. Green Wattle. “ Gnjumgahn,” Nanango, Shirley. A handsome tree, glabrous or more or less tomentose-pubescent ; branches more or less prominently angled, sometimes almost winged. Pinnae 8 to 15 pairs or sometimes even more, rarely reduced to 5 or 6, leaflets very numerous (30 to 40 pairs or even more), linear, from under 2 lines to nearly 5 lines long, according to the variety. Flower-heads small, globular in axillary racemes, the upper ones forming a terminal panicle. 1 lowers 20 to o0 m the
Acacia. 1
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
515
head, mostly 5-merous.- Calyx short, broadly lobed, ciliate. Petals with slightly prominent midribs. Pod usually 8 to 4in. long, about £in. broad or rather more, more or less contracted between the seeds. Seeds ovate. — F. v. M. PI. Yict. ii. 85 ; Maid, and Camp. FI. PI. N.S.W., No. 13.
Hab.: Plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt.
Gum contains 18 6% of arabin and 62% of metarabin. — Lauterer. The bark contains 15'08% of tannin. — Staiger.
Wood tough, firm, and easily worked ; sapwood white, heartwood pinkish. Useful for tool- handles, staves, <fec. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 Voods No. 142a.
a. normalis. Glabrous or the young shoots slightly tomentose-pubescent. Leaflets long and narrow, usually 3 to 4 lines ; glands numerous along the primary rhachis. — Mimosa decurrens, Wendl. Bot. Beob. 57 ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 61 ; A. decurrens , DC. Prod. ii. 470 ; A. angulata, Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, ii. 68 ; DC. Prod. ii. 468; A. sulcipes, Sieb. PI. Exs.; A. adenophora, Spreng. Syst. iii. 140. — Bentli.
b. mollis, Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 371. Foliage softly tomentose-pubescent, the indumentum assuming a golden-yellow tinge on the young shoots. Leaflets 2 to 3 lines long, obtuse ; glands numerous along the primary rhachis. — A. mollissima, Willd. Enum. 1053; DC. Prod. ii. 470; Sweet, FI. Austr. t. 12 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 117. Some of Beckler’s specimens from Warwick have the numerous glands of this form with the very small leaflets of the following. — Benth.
c. paitciglandulosa, F. v. M. Pubescent but not so softly so as in the var. mollis, and some- times almost hirsute, with the same golden-yellow tinge on the young shoots. . Leaflets small, often under 2 lines ; glands few, often only under the last 1 or 2 pairs of pinna;. — Moreton Bay, &c.; also between Archer’s and M'Kenzie’s stations in moist places, Leichhardt. — Benth. Wood of a pinkish colour, close-grained, and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 142b.
118. A. dealbata (white-powdered), Link. Enum. Hart. Berol. 445 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 415. A handsome tree, closely resembling the var. mollis of A. decurrens, and to be added perhaps to the varieties of that species as proposed by F. v. Mueller, but the branches and foliage are very glaucous or hoary with a minute pubescence not assuming a golden tinge on the young shoots. Pinnae usually 10 to 20 pairs, leaflets 30 to 40 pairs, linear, crowded, 2 to 3 lines long ; glands usually numerous. Flower-heads small, in axillary racemes paniculate at the ends of branches, as in A. decurrens. Pod broader, not contracted between the seeds and more glaucous. — DC. Prod. ii. 470; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1928; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. Ill ; A. irrorata, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. iii. 141.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland species by F. v. M., who probably received specimens from the Stanthorpe district.
This, the Silver Wattle of the southern colonies, is unhesitatingly united with A. decurrens by F. v. Mueller ; .1. D. Hooker considers it as sufficiently distinct, although not easy to characterise from dried specimens. The shape of the pod is different as far as known, but the specimens of the several forms of A. decurrens, from many stations, are in flower only. — Benth.
Exudes a gum which is the best substitute for arabie gum available from Queensland native trees. It contains 81% of arabin. — Lauterer.
119. A. Arundelliana (after E. H. Arundell), Bail. A tall graceful shrub or small tree, the branches often drooping, all the young growdh bristly with brown spreading hairs. Leaves oblong in outline, about 3in. long and liin. broad, on very short petioles. Pinnae about 18 pairs, lin. long ; leaflets scarcely exceeding 1 line .long, very narrow, about 30 pairs. Flowers in small globular heads on filiform peduncles, in slender racemes, 5 or Gin. long. Calyx and petals rather thick, mostly 5-merous. Pod 5in. long, ^in. broad, scarcely contracted between the seeds ; funicle expanding into an aril under the seeds. — -A. decurrens var.? Leichhardtii, Benth. in Flora Austr. ii. 414.
Hab.: Bordering the North Coast Eailway about Maroochie and Eumundi.
Given as a doubtful variety of A. decurrens in the Flora Austr. — A. d. (?) Leichhardtii, under which name it could not be kept as a species, there being one so designated.
Wood of a light colour near the outside, pinkish towards the centre, prettily marked and close- grained. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods. No. 143.
120. A. leptoclada (slender branches), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. 385, and FI. Austr. ii. 416. A shrub, either glabrous and somewhat glaucous or hispid with scattered short stiff hairs. Pinnte 3 to 5 pairs, 3 to 4
51G
XLIII. LEGUMINOS^E.
[Acacia .
lines long, on a common petiole of } to £in. ending in a -recurved point ; leaflets 6 to 10 pairs, oblong, coriaceous, i to 1| line long; glands several, usually small. Flower-heads small, hispid, with long bristly hairs proceeding from the bracts and sepals, in racemes longer than the leaves. Flowers numerous, closely packed, the corolla not protruding in the bud, apparently ready to open, but not seen fully out. Sepals distinct, linear-spathulate with concave tips. Petals also free in the bud. Pod unknown.
Hab.: E. coast, It. Brown.
121. A. farnesiana (the Farnesian Acacia), Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1083 ; Benth.
FI. Austr. ii. 419. “ Bunkerman,” Cloncurry, Palmer. A much-branched shrub,
attaining considerable size, quite glabrous or slightly pubescent on the petioles and peduncles. Pinna1 4 to 6 or rarely more pairs ; leaflets usually 10 to 20 pairs, linear, about 2 lines long or on luxuriant shoots often much longer. Stipules converted into slender straight thorns, very variable in length, occasionally fin. long, and sometimes all very minute or almost none, the plant otherwise unarmed. Peduncles usually 2 or 8 together in the older axils, each bearing a globular head of numerous 5-merous flowers. Bracts small, close under the flower-head. Calyx above half as long as the corolla. Pod thick, irregularly cylindrical or spindle-shaped, 2 to Bin. long, indehiscent, filled with a pithy substance in the midst of which lie the seeds. Seeds obliquely transverse, with short funicles. — DC. Prod. ii. 461 ; Vacliellia farnesiana, W. and Arn. Prod. 272, with the synonymy adduced; Wight, Ic. t. 300; A. lenticellata , F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 147.
Hab.: Darling Downs ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; in the interior, Mitchell.
The species is very common in tropical countries in the New and the Old World, much planted for ornament or for the perfume extracted from its flowers, and readily spreading. Believed by some to be of American origin, by others to be truly indigenous also in Africa and Asia, and has every appearance of being so in Australia. — Bentli.
Boasted pods eaten, Cloncurry. — Palmer.
The Queensland plant seems of a more slender growth than that cultivated in gardens. I find no other difference.
122. A. Bidwilli (after J. C. Bidwill), Benth. in Linn am, xxvi. 629, and FI.
Austr. ii. 420; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xii. 4. “ Yadthor,” Cloncurry, Palmer;
“ Waneu,” Rockhampton, Thozet. Glabrous ; branches mostly terete. Pinnae 15 to 20 pairs, the common petiole 2 to Sin., the partial rhachis A to lin. long ; leaflets 15 to 25 pairs, oblong, obtuse, rigid, scarcely 1 line long. Stipules spinescent and sometimes 2 to 3 lines long, usually very small or quite obsolete. Peduncles solitary, with an annular deciduous 4-lobed bract about the middle, bearing a globular head of about 20 or rather more 4-merous flowers and some- times 1 or 2 lower down the peduncle, each flower often 2 lines long. Calyx shortly toothed. Petals smooth, united above the middle. Pod straight, 3 to 6in. long, about Ain. broad, narrowed at the base ; valves coriaceous, somewhat convex, reticulate lengthwise. Seeds large, ovate, longitudinal ; funicle slightly thickened from the base upwards, very shortly inflexed or folded under the seed.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill; Bockhampton, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
Var. (?) major. Leaflets sometimes 2 lines long. Seeds broader. Flowers unknown. — Bidges of the Victoria Biver, F. v. Mueller. To this belong the fruiting specimens referred to A. pallida, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 147.
The flowers of this species have at first sight some resemblance to those of some Albizzias, but the stamens are quite free, although inserted on a small prominent disk under the ovary, not united in a tube round the ovary, as in all the Inga-flowered genera.— Benth.
Wood light-yellow near the outside, the inner wood dark, close-grained, light, and easily worked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 145.
Boots of young trees roasted for food after peeling. — Palmer and Thozet. l.c.
Arana . 1
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
517
128. A. Sutherlandi (after J. Sutherland), F. r. M., Tc. Dec. xii. 8. (. Albizzia Sutherlandi, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 22, ix. 179 ; Acacia melaleucoides, Bail., Proc. Roy. Soc. Ql. v. 121.) A small tree, the bark on the trunk much cracked and of a dark colour, the branches drooping, branchlets more or less angular and corky, young growth said to be of a decided golden hue. Leaves slender, 6 to over 12in. long, of from 15 to over 20 pairs of pinnae 2 to 3in. long; common petiole 2 to 3in. long ; leaflets linear, 2 to 2J lines long and about \ line broad ; glands dark, between the 3 upper pairs of pinnae only. Stipules none on the specimens examined. Peduncles solitary, about lin. long, bearing a stem- clasping 2-lobed bract about the middle. Spike about liin. long. Flowers numerous but not crowded, pale-coloured, bracts subtending the flowers very deciduous, narrow. Calyx-tube nearly 2 lines long, teeth 3, rather broad and silky. Corolla-tube about 2 lines long, teeth 5, about i- line long, narrow silky. Stamens numerous, exserted about 3 lines ; anther minute, globular. Pod very thick, 4 to Gin. long, fin. wide, sessile. Seeds thick, oval, about 5 lines long.
Hab.: Southern slope of Newcastle Range, between Georgetown and Junction Creek. — It. C. Burton.
It was after publishing this plant as Acacia melaleucoides that I found that Baron Mueller had published it some years previously as Albizzia Sutherlandi; he, however, removed it into the genus Acacia about the time my name was published. I think, however, under the circumstances his name should stand.
93. ALBIZZIA, Durazz.
(After the noble family of Albizzi.)
Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5 or rarely 4-toothed. Corolla 5 or rarely 4-lobed, with a cylindrical tube. Stamens indefinite, usually numerous and long, united at the base in a tube enclosing the ovary. Pod linear or oblong, straight or nearly so, flat, thin, rarely coriaceous, indehiscent or opening without elasticity in 2 valves. Seeds usually orbicular, along the centre of the pod ; funicle fili- form.— Trees or shrubs, without prickles. Leaves twice pinnate, with a gland on the petiole below the pinnfe and others between or below some or all of the pinna? and leaflets. Flowers in globular heads or rarely cylindrical spikes, usually hermaphrodite. Stamens white or pink, rarely yellow, much longer than in Acacia.
The genus is limited to the Old World, and is chiefly tropical. Of the following species, one is widely dispersed over tropical Asia, the others are endemic. F. v. Mueller proposes to reunite this and Pithecolobium with Acacia, but that can scarcely be done without returning to the Linnsean genus Mimosa, for Pithecolobium as to flower and fruit, and Albizzia as to flowers, are undis- tinguishable from Inga, whilst Lysiloma as closely connects Acacia with Mimosa. If the Linnsean Mimosa is broken up into distinct genera, there is no character so constant and so easily recog- nised as that which separates Acacia from Albizzia. It is, however, very difficult to draw a definite line between Albizzia and Pithecolobium, which only differ in the fruit. — Bentli.
Pinnae numerous. Leaflets very numerous. Pod about Oin. long, lin. broad 1. A. Toona. Flowers in globular heads on axillary peduncles.
Leaflets o to 10 pairs, 2 to 3 lines long 2. A. basaltica.
Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, J to lin. long 3 .A. Thozetiana.
Flowers in small heads in large terminal panicles.
Panicle loose. Stamens about Jin. long. Pod under lin. broad .... 4. A. procera.
Flower-heads very numerous and crowded. Stamens about Jin. long. Pod
1J to above 2in. broad 5 .A. canescens.
A. Lebbeck, Benth., allied to A. canescens, but more glabrous, with much larger flowers, not closely sessile, and the pod not so broad, &c., a tree widely dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa, has been introduced into the neighbourhood of Brisbane. — Benth. Planted near settle- ments, but cannot be said to be naturalised.
1. A. Toona (wood like the Red Cedar, Ceilrella Toona), Bail. 1st Snppl. Syn. Ql. Flora. Mackay or Acacia Cedar. “ Carabbe,” Cairns, Nnyent. A tall tree with stem often over 8ft, diameter, The young growth and often the foliage
518
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiE.
[Albizzia.
clothed with a rusty pubescence. Leaves oblong, from 6 to over 12in. long, with numerous pinme and a depressed gland frequently between some of the upper pairs ; leaflets very numerous, linear, obtuse, 8 or 4 lines long, with the nerve near the upper margin, the base almost lobed on the lower side ; petiole angular, pubescent, with an oblong prominent gland towards the middle. Flowers not seen. Pods about Gin. long and lin. broad, prominently veined with forked netted veins, the margins thickened, slightly pubescent, colour of pod reddish- brown. Seeds orbicular, along the centre of pod.
Hab.: Mackay, Bowen, Endeavour River, and other parts of tropical Queensland.
This species is closely allied to A. lophantha, Benth.
Yields a gum which contains 5C-4% of arabin and 25% of metarabin. — Lauterer.
Wood light-coloured for several inches in from the bark, the rest resembling Bed Cedar. A valuable wood for many purposes. — Hailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 145a.
2. A. basaltica (usually found on basaltic country), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 422 ; F. r. M. Ic. Dec. xii. 9. Dead Finish. A shrub ; branchlets nearly terete, rusty with a minute glandular pubescence. Pinme 1 or 2 pairs, the common petiole rarely |in. long and often very short ; leaflets 5 to 10 pairs, oblong or almost ovate, very obtuse, mostly 2 to 8 lines long, coriaceous, minutely hoary- pubescent. Peduncles in the upper axils scarcely exceeding the leaves, bearing a dense globular head of about 20 to 30 flowers, mostly 5-merous, about 1J line long. Calyx pubescent, shortly lobed, about two-thirds as long as the corolla. Staminal tube nearly as long as the corolla, the filaments much longer. Pod about Bin. long, 4 to 5 lines broad, coriaceous, very flat, with thickened margins. Seeds flat, orbicular. — Acacia basaltica, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 146.
Hab.: Basaltic plains, Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller ; Bowen Kiver, Bowman ; Zanna Creek and Comet River, Leichhardt.
Wood towards the bark bright-yellow, heartwood dark-red ; close-grained and very beautiful. An excellent cabinet wood.— Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 140.
3. A. Thozetiana (after M. A. Thozet), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 422 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xii. 10. A tree, attaining 50 to 60ft., with a dense spreading head, glabrous or the young shoots hoary. Pinnse 1 pair, with a short common petiole ; leaflets 2, 3, or very rarely 4 pairs, cuneate-oblong or broadly linear, very obtuse, the end ones half to lin. long, the lower ones much smaller. Peduncles in the upper axils £ to lin. long, bearing each a globular head of 20 to 30 or more flowers, 5-merous or sometimes 4-merous, minutely hoary-pubescent, about 1J line long. Calyx tubular, more than half as long as the corolla, but narrower than in the preceding species. Pod attaining 6 to 8in. in length and \ to Jin. in breadth, very flat, with thickened margins. Seeds very flat, orbicular, bordered by a narrow wing. — Acacia Thozetiana, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 9.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill, Leichhardt; Fort Cooper, Rockhampton, 'Thozet; Thozet’s Creek, Dallachy.
Wood of a red colour, hard, heavy and durable ; very tough and close-grained. — Bailey’s Cat- Ql. Woods No. 147.
4. A. procera (lofty), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. iii. 88, and FI. Austr. ii. 422. A tall tree, the young shoots slightly silky-pubescent, at length glabrous. Pinnae usually 3 pairs, distant along a common petiole often Ift. long ; leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, obliquely oval-oblong, usually obtuse, often nearly lin. long and lin. broad, very unequally narrowed at the base, penniveined but not very prominently so, minutely hoary-pubescent or glabrous above. Peduncles about lin. long, in clusters of 2 or 3, in a loose terminal panicle, each bearing a globular head of 15 to 20 sessile flowers, mostly 5-merous, and scarcely more than 3 lines long, including the stamens. Corolla slender, less than 2 lines long, divided to the
Albizzia.]
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
519
middle. Pod 5 to 7in. long, 9 to 10 lines broad, very flat and thin. Seeds very flat, orbicular. — Mimosa procera, Roxb. PI. Corom. ii. 12, t. 121 ; A. elata, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 546 ; Acacia procera, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 1063.
Hab.: Thursday Island.
Widely distributed over S.E. India and the Archipelago.
Wood of a dark colour, resembling Walnut ; a useful cabinet wood. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 148a.
5. A. canescens (hoary), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 423 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xiii. 1. “ Thow-i-ee,” Mackay, Macartney. A beautiful spreading tree, the young shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foliage more or less hoary with a very minute appressed pubescence. Pinnae usually 2 pairs, rarely with a fifth odd pinna or a third pair, the common petiole 2 to 4in. long, each rhachis 3 to 6in.; leaflets 5 to 8 pairs on the terminal pinnae, very obliquely obovate and unequally narrowed at the base, mostly f to ljin. long, fewer and smaller on the lower pinnae, penniveined but the veins much less prominent than in A. Lebbeck. Flower-heads small, numerous, on short peduncles in dense terminal panicles much shorter than the last leaves. Flowers sessile, mostly 5-merous. Calyx about 1 line, corolla about 2| lines long, both silky-pubescent. Stamens about Jin. long, the united part shorter than the corolla. Pod stipitate, often 8 to lOin. long and 1J to 2Jin. broad in our specimens, very thin and flat. Seeds flat, orbicular, along the centre of the pod.
Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Fitzroy and Bowen Rivers, Boicman; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallacliy.
Allied on the one hand to A. procera, on the ofcher to A. Lebbeck, differing from the former in the broader flowers, much longer stamens, the panicle more dense, and a much broader pod ; from A. Lebbeck in the much smaller closely sessile flowers and broader pod, and from both in the general aspect of the foliage. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, resembling Walnut, nicely marked ; suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 148.
94. PITHECOLOBIUM, Mart.
(From the Greek — monkey-pod.)
(Cathormion, Hassk.)
Calyx campanulate or tubular. Corolla 5-lobed, with a cylindrical tube. Stamens indefinite, usually numerous and long, united at the base in a tube enclosing the ovary. Pod flattened, usually rather thick and much curved, annular or spirally twisted, either opening entirely or on the outer edge in 2 valves, or quite indehiscent, very smooth and often coloured inside or with a thin pulp. Seeds ovate or orbicular ; funicle filiform. — Trees or rarely shrubs, without prickles. Leaves twice pinnate, usually with a gland on the petiole below the pinnee, and others between or below some or all of the pinme and leaflets ; leaflets few and rather large in all the Australian species. Flowers in globular or oblong heads or umbels, or rarely in cylindrical spikes, usually hermaphrodite and white, the stamens rarely red.
A considerable tropical genus, distributed over the New as well as the Old World. Of the Australian species, one is also in the Indian Archipelago, the others are endemic. Pithecolobium, with the flowers and fruit of some sections of Inga, only differs from that genus in the twice-pinnate, not simply pinnate, leaves. Calliandra and Albizzia have the same flowers and only differ in the pod. Acacia is at once and constantly distinguished by the stamens never united in a tube round the ovary. — Benth.
Flowers pedicellate in the head (umbellate).
Leaflets oblong or rhomboidal, acuminate. Pod twisted, 2-valved ... 1. P. pruinosum.
Leaflets obliquely obovate, obtuse. Pod indehiscent, very hard, separating
into distinct articles 2. P. moniUferum.
Flowers sessile, the corolla Jin. long. Leaflets acuminate, glabrous or nearly so 3. P. yrandijlorum.
Past II. o
520 XLIII. LEGUMINOS/E. [Pithecolobium.
Leaves like P. grandifiorum, but velvety-pubescent 4. P. Lovellce.
Leaves glabrous, of 2 or 3 pairs of pinnce. Leaflets oblique at the base,
especially the upper ones 5. P. Hendersonii.
Leaflets obovate, almost 2in. long, decurrent upon the petiolules . . . . 6. P. ramijlora.
1. P. pruinosum (frosted or powdered), Benth. in Loud. Journ. iii. 211, anil FI. Austr. ii. 423 ; F. v. ill. Ic. Dec. xiii. 2. A beautiful tree, the young branches, foliage, and inflorescence rusty with a short pubescence or glabrous. Pinna? very irregularly in 1 or 2 pairs, with or without an odd one, the petiole and each rhachis varying from 1 to Gin. long ; leaflets usually 3 or 4 pairs on the terminal pinnae, but very irregular in number, size, and shape, mostly broadly oblong or rhomboidal and acuminate, rarely very obtuse, the larger ones often 2 to 3in. long, but mostly smaller. Peduncles 2 or 3 together in the upper axils or shortly racemose. Flowers numerous, in globular umbels, on pedicels of about 2 lines. Calyx small, shortly toothed. Corolla fully 2 lines long. Pod several inches long, 7 to 8 lines broad, flat but much curved and twisted, the upper inner margin thickened and continuous, the outer one much sinuate and undulate, the valves smooth and reddish inside. Seeds ovate, transverse ; funicle rather thick, but terete, folded under the seed.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and others ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy.
Wood of a light-yellow colour, becoming brown near the centre ; of a very disagreeable odour when newly cut. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 149.
The Javanese P. Jungliuhnianum, Benth., scarcely differs from this species.
2. P. moniliferum (pod like a necklace), Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
iii. 211, and FI. Austr. ii. 421; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xiii. 3. “ Mullar,”
Cloncurry, Palmer. A tree with a rugged bark and wide-spreading dense head, the young shoots usually pubescent, at length glabrous. Pinna} 1 or 2 pairs, the common petiole f to lin., each rhachis 1 to 2in. long; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs, obliquely obovate or oval oblong, obtuse, very oblique at the base, shining and reticulately penniveined above, opaque and less veined underneath, the terminal ones 1, If, or nearly 2in. long, the others smaller. Peduncles clustered in the upper axils, forming a short irregular terminal panicle. Flowers numerous, in globular umbels, the pedicels about If in. long. Calyx nearly 1 line, corolla about 2 lines long, minutely silky-pubescent. Stamens more than twice as long, the united part nearly as long, as the corolla. Pod usually falcate, 3 to 4in. long, fin. broad, very thick and hard, indehiscent but separating into closed 1 -seeded articles. Seeds transverse, oblong, flat but thick; funicle very short. — Inga monilifera, DC. Prod. ii. 440 ; Cathormion moniliferum, Hassk. Retzia, 231 ; Albizzia anmnisshiia, F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 165, ix. 179.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; along all the watercourses round the Gulf of Carpentaria, Leichhardt ; Armstrong Creek, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
The species was originally described from Timor, and is in several islands of the Indian Archipelago. — Benth.
The young pods roasted and eaten, Mitchell River. — Palmer.
3. P. grandiflorum (flowers large, showy), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 424 ; F. v. M. Ic. Dec. xiii. 4. A beautiful tree of 30ft,, or a tall shrub, glabrous or nearly so. Bark smooth, whitish. Pinnte 1, 2, or 3 pairs, the common petiole and each rhachis about 2 to 4in. long ; leaflets 2 to 6 pairs, ovate, acutely acuminate, If to 4in. long, less oblique and firmer than in P. pruinosum, penniveined. Flower-heads numerous, on short peduncles, in a terminal panicle scarcely exceeding the leaves. Flowers sessile, silky-pubescent, much larger than in any other Pithecolobium . Calyx campanulate, sinuate-toothed, nearly 3 lines long. Corolla fin. long, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, silky-pubescent outside. Stamens of a rich crimson, the tubular portion nearly as long as the corolla, the free part
Pithecolobium.\
XLIII. LEGUMINOSiB.
521
exceeding it by about lin. Pod about 5in. long, lin. broad, circularly twisted, hard, orange-coloured inside. Seeds black, shining, egg-shaped, transverse. — Mimosa grandiflora, Soland. ms.; Albizzia Tozeri, F. v. M.; Trim. Jl. Bot. x. 10.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Cape York, IF. Hill; Hdgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; coast lands throughout the colony.
The leaflets often destroyed by a fungus blight (Trabutia pithecolobii , Cooke and Massee i.
Wood light-yellow, red and nicely marked towards the centre ; close in grain, light, and easy to work ; possessing a most disagreeable odour when newly cut. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 149a.
4. P, Lovellse (after the Hon. Miss Lovell), Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. A small tree, 20 to 30ft. high, with a brown smooth bark, the young shoots and inflorescence clothed with dense glossy light-brown hairs, becoming of lighter colour on the older parts. Leaves velvety pubescent, usually with 8 pairs of pinnae. The common petiole short in the leaves examined, about l^in. in length, with a sessile gland near the base ; rhachis about 3£in. long, bearing a sessile gland between the two upper pairs of pinn* ; rhachis of pinnae from 1 to 2^in. long, the uppermost pairs of pinnte and leaflets much the largest. Leaflets 2 pairs each on the lowest and 4 on the terminal pinnae, nearly sessile, ovate to nearly oblong, from under lin. to 2fin. long, upper surface sparingly hairy, the under surface densely tomentose, margins revolute. Panicle terminal, rather short (judging from the specimen to halnd) ; the sessile flowers in irregular head- like clusters. Bracts ovate to linear-lanceolate, minute, very hairy. Calyx campanulate, thick, coriaceous, the outside densely clothed with glossy, somewhat bronze-coloured hairs, inside glabrous and purplish or dark-coloured, about 5 lines long, teeth 5, blunt. Corolla-tube exceeding the calyx by 2 or 3 lines, then expanding and funnel-shaped, and deeply divided into 5 linear lobes, clothed on the outside with pale yellowish velvety hairs, the tube and lobes glabrous on the inner surface. Stamens filiform and very numerous, the tubular portion nearly as long as the corolla-tube, and of a deep crimson, free portions exserted beyond the corolla about lin., shading from light to deep crimson. Anthers light- coloured, minute ; style filiform, longer than the stamens.
Hab.: Fraser’s Island, Hon. Miss Lovell.
This species in many respects resembles P. grandiflorum , but differs from that species in the form of glands and foliage, as well also as in the indumentum.
5. P. Hendersonii (after J. A. Henderson), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 191, vi. 202 ; Ic. Dec. xiii. 5. A tree of about 40ft. high. Leaves glabrous, of 2 or 3 pairs of pinnae. Leaflets lanceolate, sessile and oblique at the base, especially the upper pair which are larger than the lower, often 3in. long and l^in. broad ; lateral nerves erectro-patent, almost parallel. Peduncles slender, sometimes forked and bearing 2 heads, forming a sparsely-branched terminal panicle. Flowers in each head 10 to 14, shortly pedicellate. Calyx glabrous, short, sharply toothed. Corolla glabrous, elongate more than twice the length of the calyx. Staminal-tube slender with the free portion of the filaments about lin. long, yellowish. Pod, when fresh, red inside, about 2in. long and 6 to 8 lines broad, much curved, woody, the outer margins more or less lobed and their opening seeds placed transverse in the pod, oval, black, about 4 lines long, with- out any marked lateral impression, and no aril.
Hab.: Southern scrubs bordering upon N. S. Wales.
6. P. ramiflora (flowers upon the branches), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 178 (as Albizzia). Glabrous. Leaflets almost 2in. long, chartaceous, obovate, decurrent on very short petiolules. Peduncles almost in fascicles from swellings in the bark of the branches ; heads with many flowers. Bracts semilanceolate or deltoid, about 1 line long. Calyx sessile, cylindric, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla scarcely over lin. long, infundibuli-tubulose ; teeth, 5 unequal, deltoid or semi-lanceolate,
522
XLIII. LEGUMINOSjE.
[Pithecolobium.
vulvate, often partly confluent, H line or less long. Staminal-tube slender, connate with the tube of the corolla at the base ; the tube with the free portion of the filaments about 2in. long. Anthers broad as long. Ovary 1, glabrous. Style capillary, attaining a length of 4in. Stigma very minute. Pod not seen. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hub.: Daintree River, E. Fitzalan (F. v. M., l.c )
95. ARCHIDENDRON, F. v. M.
(A chief of trees.)
Flowers bisexual. Calyx truncate, tubulous-campanulate. Corolla tubulous in the lower part, the upper part irregularly 4 to 5-cleft. Stamens very numerous, united for a good part of their length and adnate to the lower part of the corolla. Filaments long-exserted. Anthers cordate-ovate, 2-celled, exappendiculate, cells 2-valved. Ovary wholly or partly free. Carpels 5. Style elongate, setaceous. Pod carnoso-coriaceous, hard, very tardily opening in 2 valves, turgid, twisted or curled, not pulpy inside, many-seeded. Seeds transverse, long-ovate- exalbuminous. Funicle straight, short; no aril. Cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle short, cylindrical. — Trees, with large bipinnate leaves, and usually red-coloured showy pods. — F. v. M. Fragm. v. 59.
Mueller says, Journ. of Bot. x. (1872) 10, that Archidendron can only be generically separated from Albizzia (in which he includes Pithecolobium) by its plurality of carpels.
Leaves of 1 pair of pinnas 1. A. Vaillantii.
Leaves of 2 pairs of pinnae 2. A. Lucyi.
1. A. Vaillantii (after La Vaillant), F. v. M. Fragm. v. GO, and Ic. Dec. xiii. 7. A tree of about 50ft. high, with a smooth bark. Leaves paripinnate. Pinnse 1 pair ; leaflets 8 to 4 pairs, almost ovate or orbicular-ovate, very shortly petiolulate, chartaceous, 3 to 7in. long, 2 to 4|in. broad, nerves and veins prominent. Umbels or heads fasciculate often at old nodes at the ends of branchlets, of 5 to 7 flowers, with now and then a single flower below the umbel. Bracts deltoid, persistent, 1 to lj line long. Bracteoles rather smaller. Pedicels thick, about 1 line long. Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, bursting irregu- larly. Corolla about lin. long, 4 to 5-lobed ; lobes semilanceolate, valvate, tube thick. Stamens very numerous, liin. or more long. Anthers minute, dorsifixed, cordato-rotund ; connective brown, cells introrsus, parallel, distinct, plainly 2- valved. Disk annular, entire. Ovary free. Style 1 to 2in. long, setaceous, pubescent below. Stigma very minute, truncate, concave-terminal. Ovary oblique, subulate-cylindrical, silky-tomentose, many-ovulate. Pod irregularly twisted or folded, 2 to 4£in. long, 6 to 10 lines broad, scarcely stipitate, when fresh a pleasing red outside, yellow (often dark), contracted between the seeds, thick and the margins somewhat crenulate. Seeds smooth, black, nearly iin. long. — Pithecolobium Vaillantii, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 9.
Hab.: Scrubs of the Queensland tropics.
A poisonous principle is contained in the bark. — Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
Wood of a red colour, close-grained, strong and durable — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. I Voods No. 150.
2. A. I.ucyi (after M. de Lucy), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 201 ; Ic. Dec. xiii. G. A small tree with 2-jugate large leaves; petiole about 4in. long. Pinnte 2 or 3- jugate; leaflets 3 to Gin. long, oblique or orbicular-ovate, on very short petiolules. Glands between the petiolules impressed, lamina shining on both surfaces ; reticulate veinlets copious. Inflorescence in racemose panicles, about 8in. long, the short branches bearing usually 2 pedicellate flowers at their extremities. Pedicels 1 line long. Calyx 4 lines long, deltoidly toothed. Corolla about lin. long; tube elongate, widening upwards; lobes 5, rarely G, semilanceolate- deltoid, valvate, thickened at the apex. Staminal-tube adnate to the base of the
Archidendron .]
xliii. leguminos^;.
523
corolla ; free part of filament about lin. long, capillary. Anthers dorsifixed ; cells distinct, parallel, yellow. Style almost 2in. long, setaceous. Ovary many- ovulate. Pod generally very much curved, almost circular, compressed, almost lin. broad, with more or less repand margins. Seeds transverse, ovate, 4 to 6 lines long, black, glossy.
Hab.: Tropical scrubs.
Order XLIY. ROSACEA.
Calyx either enclosing the ovary, or adhering to it, or quite free, 5 rarely 4- lobed, with the addition in a few genera of as many external accessory lobes. Petals as many as true calyx-lobes, inserted on the calyx at the base of the lobes, or in Stylobasium (Western Australia) hypogynous. Stamens indefinite, rarely few, inserted with the petals, free. Ovary of 1, 2 or more carpels, usually distinct at the time of flowering, but sometimes combined even then into a single 2 to 5-celled ovary, which is then always inferior or combined with the calyx ; ovules 1 or 2, rarely more in each carpel ; styles or sessile stigmas distinct. Fruiting-carpels either free or variously combined with each other or with the calyx indehiscent or rarely opening along the inner edge. Seeds without albumen or rarely albuminous ; embryo with large cotyledons and a short radicle. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, almost always with stipules. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes or solitary, very rarely in simple racemes.
A numerous Order, widely spread over the globe, but more in the temperate and cooler parts of the northern hemisphere than within the tropics or in the southern hemisphere. — Benth.
Tribe I. Chrysobalanem. — Flowers usually irregular. Carpel 1; style basal; ovules 2, ascending. Fruit a drupe. Radicle inferior. — Trees or shrubs, with simple quite entire leaves.
Petals 5 or 4. Stamens perigynous, with filiform filaments and small anthers . 1. Parinaridji.
Tribe II. Pruneae. — Flowers regular. Carpel 1, rarely 2; style subterminal, rarely basal; ovules 2, pendulous. Radicle superior. — 'Trees or shrubs, with simple usually serrated leaves.
Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, large, glabrous. Carpel solitary 2. *Prunus.
Calyx 5 to 10-toothed. Petals 5, minute or none. Carpel 1. Drupe erect, coriaceous 3. Pvgeuji.
Tribe III. Xtubeae. — Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens very numerous. Carpels many ; styles subbasal or ventral ; ovules 2, collateral pendulous. Fruit of many dry or fleshy carpels not included in the calyx-tube. Radicle superior. — Usually shrubs, with often compound leaves.
Calyx slightly imbricate, without accessory lobes. Fruit-carpels succulent . . 4. Rubus.
Tribe IV. Potentillese. — Flowers regular. Calyx usually bracteolate. Stamens usually numerous, rarely few. Carpels 1 or more ; style short or much prolonged after flowering ; ovules solitary , ascending. Fruit of many achenes, not included in the calyx-tube. Radicle superior. — Herbs or small shrubs, with various leaves.
Calyx bracteolate. Stamens numerous. Styles not elongating. Ripe carpels seated on a fleshy receptacle 5. *Fragaria.
Tribe V. Poteriese. — Flowers regular, sometimes apetalous. Calyx-tube often urceolate. Stamens 1 or more. Carpels 1 to 3 ; style terminal; ovule 1. Acliene sunk in the calyx-tube. —
Herbs or small shrubs.
Ovule pendulous. Style terminal or nearly so. Leaves pinnate. Fruiting- calyx armed with prickles. Stamens few 6. Ac.exa.
Tribe VI. R. o S e no . — Flowers regular. Calyx-tube urceolate. Petals 5. Stamens very numerous. Carpels many, free ; ovule 1, pendulous. Acliene included in the Jlesliy calyx-tube. — Shrubs, leaves compound.
Carpels several, enclosed in the calyx tube. Petals present. Stamens numerous.
Prickly shrubs, with pinnate leaves 7. *Rosa.
524
XLIV. ROSACEA.
1. PARIN ARIUM, Juss.
(From Parinari, native name of a Guiana species.)
(Petrocarya, Jack ; Grymania, Presl.)
Calyx-lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 4. Stamens numerous or rarely few, all perfect or those on one side reduced to small staminodia ; filaments filiform ; anthers small. Ovary of a single carpel, adnate on one side to the mouth of the calyx-tube and protruding from it, more or less completely 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell ; style from the base of the ovary. Drupe ovoid or spherical, the endocarp bony. Seeds 1 or 2, erect. — Trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire. Stipules deciduous, usually small. Flowers white or pink, in cymes forming terminal raceme-like or corymbose panicles.
The genus is dispersed over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World. Of the two Australian species, one is also in the Indian Archipelago, the other is endemic. — Benth.
Petiole without glands. Leaves much veined. Flowers small. Calyx-
lobes acute. Perfect stamens about 8 1. P. Nonda.
Petiole with 2 glands. Leaves shining, little veined. Flowers rather large.
Calyx-lobes obtuse. Perfect stamens 30 to 50 2. P. Griffithianum.
1. P. Nonda (see note at foot), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 426.
“ Ran-na,” Morehead River, N.Q., “ Wo-in-ya,” Cooktown, Both. Branches
rather slender, loosely tomentose when young. Leaves ovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, rounded or almost cordate at the base, 2 to Bin. long, 1 to 14in. broad, rarely narrower and narrowed at each end, glabrous but rather rough above, whitish with a minute tomentum underneath, with many prominent parallel pinnate veins and much reticulate between them. Flowers small, the terminal panicle or thyrsus loose, the axillary ones smaller and raceme-like. Bracts shorter than the flowers, deciduous. Calyx pubescent, nearly re’gular, about 2 lines long, the lobes acute, rather shorter than the tube and almost as long as the petals. Stamens short, usually about 8 perfect on the same side of the flower as the ovary, the ring completed by 6 to 10 small staminodia. Drupe ovoid, densely villous inside, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria; Gilbert Biver, F. v. Mueller; Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Albany Island, V. v. Mueller.
The speeies is nearly allied to the P. sumatranum of the Indian Archipelago, and still more to the African P. curatellecfolium , Planch., but the flowers appear to be smaller than in either, with some slight differences in the foliage. It is the one to which Leichhardt gives the name of “ Nonda-tree” in his travels. — Benth.
Leichhardt says that he called this tree Nonda from its likeness to some tree so-called by the natives of the Moreton Bay district.
Wood a light-yellow; cross in grain ; very tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 151.
2. P. Griffithianum (after Dr. Griffith, a collector of Malacca plants), Benth. in Hook. FI. Nig. 834, and FI. Austr. ii. 426; F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 34. A tree about 30ft. high. Branches stout, glabrous or minutely hoary when young. Leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate, 3 to 4in. long or rather more, acute at the base, shining above, paler underneath, but quite glabrous, the veins not very prominent and distant ; 2 small glands at the top of the petiole. Flowers rather large, in terminal corymbose hoary-pubescent panicles. Calyx-tube obliquely turbinate, incurved, about 2 lines long ; lobes very obtuse, the largest as long as the tube. Petals white, exceeding the calyx. Stamens very numerous (30 to 50), all perfect. Ovary very villous, with a long style. Drupe oblong, very villous inside, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
Hab.: Cape York Peninsula, F. v. M.
The species extends over the Indian Archipelago to the Philippine Islands, for Grymania salicifolia, Presl., Epimel, Bot. 193 (Cuming, n. 1057), appears to be the same species, although with rather narrower, more rigid leaves. — Benth.
Pl.X/X.
Pygaum/ Tur neruuunn ,BcuL.
Govflxth/) Office
Jlrisb/TTic. (f
F C WULs
XLIV. ROSACEA.
525
2. *PRUNUS, Linn.
(Latin name of the Plum-tree.)
Calyx deciduous in fruit; lobes 5, imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 15 to 60, perigynous, inserted in the mouth of the calyx-tube ; filaments free. Carpel 1 ; style terminal ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupe with an indebiscent or 2- valved, 1 -seeded, smooth or rugged stone. Seed pendulous ; testa membranous or coriaceous ; albumen scanty or none. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, simple, quite entire or serrate, or crenate, or glandular-serrulate ; petiole often 2-glandular. Flowers white or red, solitary, fascicled, corymbose, or racemed.
Sect. I. Amys dalus. — Leaves conduplicate in bud. Flowers subsessile. Drupe usually pubescent ; stone bony, rugged.
1. I». persica (Persian), Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI. i. 609. The common Peach. Leaves appearing after or with the flowers, oblong-lanceolate, serrate ; petiole glandular or not, shorter than the leaf is broad ; stipules fimbriate. Flowers sessile; calyx campanulate ; pericarp indebiscent. — Amygdalus persica, Linn.; Persica vulgaris, Miller.
Hab.: This well-known fruit is often to be seen growing along the sides of railway lines in southern Queensland.
The fungi which I have observed upon the foliage are Exoascus deformans, Berk., Cercospora circumscissa, Sacc., and Uromyces amygdali, Cooke.
3. PYGEUM, Gtertn.
(From the Greek puge ; supposed resemblance of fruit-stones.)
Calyx-tube obconic, urceolate, or campanulate, deciduous ; limb 5 to 15- toothed, often unequally. Petals minute, 5 to 6 in the 5 to 6-toothed calyx, none in the 10 to 15-toothed, villous or tomentose, rarely glabrous, often undistin- guishable from the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10 to 50, in one or more series at the orifice of the calyx-tube ; filaments slender, incurved; anthers small. Carpel 1, basal in the calyx-tube, ovoid or subglobose ; style terminal, slender, exserted from the bud ; stigma capitate ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Fruit a trans- versely oblong, obscurely didymous, rarely subglobose drupe ; pericarp thin, dry, or juicy. Cotyledons very thick, hemispheric ; radicle minute, superior. — Evergreen trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, persistent, usually quite entire ; stipules minute, fugaceous, basal glands 2 or none. Flowers small, racemose, sometimes unisexual by want of ovary. — Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 318.
Differs from Prunus chiefly in the minute villous petals (when present) and form of the fruit. The often conspicuous basal pair of glands on the leaf are very variable ; a few species have scattered glands, and one has bullate glands on the tip of the petiole, formed by a prolongation of the leaf-blade. — Hook. l.c.
The genus contains about 20 species, all of tropical Asia, except one tropical African species, the Queensland species, and another in New Guinea.
1. P. Turnerianum (after F. Turner), Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. “ Joon-da,” Bloomfield River, Roth; “ Abill ” (tree and fruit), Barron River, Cowley. A small tree with small flanges at base of the trunk ; the leafy part of the branches densely clothed with ferruginous hairs. Leaves, upper surface bright glossy green, the under surface pale, entire, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 6.)in. long, to 2Jin. broad, primary veins rather distant, very oblique, and looping near the margin, prominent on the under side ; upper surface rather glossy, with short appressed hairs along the midrib, and sometimes on other parts of the surface ; the under side more or less hairy, with rather rigid appressed hair of a somewhat yellowish tinge, tapering to a slender petiole of 3 to 5 lines ; basal glands irregular as to position, and number 1, 2, or 3, sometimes a marginal one on each side of the midrib below the lowest pair of lateral nerves, sometimes
526
XLIV. ROSACEA.
[Pygeum.
above on one side and below on the other, or with a gland below the second pair of nerves, oval, dark-coloured. Racemes numerous, lateral, 1 or 2in. long, slender, and softly ferruginous tomentose flowers, male, nearly sessile ; calyx- tube -widely campanulate, about 2 lines diameter, glabrous, and probably purplish inside, except for a tuft of ferruginous hairs in place of ovary ; lobes about 12, narrow, very hairy, the hairs longer at the apex, nearly as long as the tube. Stamens between 30 and 40, filaments coloured, glabrous, a little longer or about as long as the lobes of calyx. Anthers oblong. Female flowers wanting. Drupe with a rich plum coloured pericarp, transversely slightly exceeding lin. in diameter ; the putamen bluntly cordate and much compressed, nearly lin. broad, light-brown, marked with prominent arching, branched hard ribs, reticulate between them.
Hab.: Bellenden Ker, Christie Palmerston and A. Meston (seeds only); flower and fruiting specimens, Barron River, E. Coiclcy ; Evelyn, near Herberton, J. F. Bailey.
Wood of a red colour in the centre, nicely marked, easy to work; useful for turnery and cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. TCoods No. 150a.
4. RUBUS, Linn.
(Fruit of some species red.)
Calyx-tube short, open ; lobes 5, imbricate, without external accessory ones. Petals 5, erect or spreading. Stamens indefinite. Carpels indefinite, with 2 pendulous ovules in each, one of them smaller and abortive ; styles terminal. Fruit a head of succulent carpels, forming a kind of granulated berry round the conical or shortly oblong dry or spongy receptacle. — Weak scrambling shrubs or rarely prostrate and almost herbaceous, usually prickly. Leaves pinnately or palmately divided into distinct segments or leaflets or lobed only, the lobes or segments toothed. Flowers axillary or in terminal leafy panicles.
A considerable genus, dispersed over most parts of the globe.
Prickly shrubs, scrambling, climbing, or almost erect. Flowers pink or white.
Leaves broad, toothed or lobed, rusty underneath 1. JR. moluccanus.
Leaves pinnate, with 3 or 5 leaflets, white-tomentose underneath. Fruit
with few large carpels 2. R. parvifolius.
Leaves pinnate, with 5 or 7 leaflets, green on both sides. Fruit with
numerous small carpels 3. R. roscefolius.
Glabrous. Leaflets 3 to 9. Bracts laciniate 4. B. Muelleri.
Leaves digitate, with 5 leaflets on long petiolules 5. R. Moorei.
1. It. moluccanus (of the Moluccas), Linn.; DC. Prod. ii. 566 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 430. A tall scrambling shrub ; branches and petioles terete, clothed with a short rusty or white woolly down, often mixed with longer hairs, and armed with numerous small recurved prickles. Leaves usually broadly ovate- cordate, toothed, shortly and broadly 3 or 5-lobed, 2 to 4in. long, occasionally deeply 3-lobed but not quite to the midrib, green, somewhat rugose and glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs above, rusty or whitish-tomentose underneath, the principal veins more villous and often armed with prickles. Flowers red, irregu- larly clustered in short panicles in the upper axils, the upper ones forming a terminal panicle, usually very silky-villous. Bracts deeply cut, very deciduous. Pedicels usually short when in flower, longer in fruit. Calyx-lobes acuminate, 4 or 5 lines long. Fruit nearly globular, glabrous, scarcely exceeding the calyx- lobes, red, insipid or slightly acid. — B. Hillii, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 67, and Fragm. iv. 31.
Hab.: Common in coastal scrubs, north and south.
The species extends over the Indian Archipelago to the Philippines, and the closely allied B. rugosus, Sm., and R. reflexus, Bot. Reg., to E. India and China. The majority of the Australian specimens belong to a form precisely the same as one common in the Archipelago, which appears to be that originally described by Rumphius. — Bentli.
The leaves of this bramble are frequently infested with that curious blight fungus Hamaspora longissima, Korn.
Fatbits. J
XLIV. ROSACEA.
527
2. It. parvifolius (small-leaved), Linn.: DC. Prod. ii. 564 ; Benth. FI.
Austr. ii. 480. “ Neram,” north Queensland, Tliozet. A scrambling shrub;
branches softly pubescent or woolly, armed with small hooked prickles. Leaves pinnate, with a common petiole of 1 to 2in.; leaflets 3 or very rarely 5, nearly orbicular, about f to lin. long or in luxuriant shoots nearly twice as much, deeply and irregularly toothed, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs and deeply wrinkled above, white and tomentose or woolly underneath. Flowers few, in short terminal panicles or solitary in the upper axils. Bracts narrow, entire or rarely lobed. Sepals varying from 2 to 5 lines long, acuminate, softly hairy inside and out. Petals pink, usually erect and shorter than the calyx, rarely longer and spreading. Fruit globular, red, of a pleasant flavour, the carpels rather large and not numerous, glabrous or slightly hairy. — Bot. Reg. t. 496 ; R. ribesifolius, Sieb. PI. Exs.; R. macropodus, Ser. in DC. Prod. ii. 557 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 112 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 30, and PI. Viet. ii. t. 15 ; R. Zalilbrucknerianus, Endl. Atakt. t. 35.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; in the interior, on the Maranoa, Mitchell ; plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt ; and Brisbane River.
The species ranges from S. China to Loochoo, but I have seen no specimens from the tropical regions intervening between that and Australia. — Benth.
3. It. rosaefolius (rose-leaved), Sin. Ic. PI. t. 60-; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 431. Native Raspberry. A shrub, with creeping stolons and ei'ect and weak but scarcely climbing stems, glandular-pubescent or rarely glabrous, armed with straight or more frequently recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, rarely 3 or 7, ovate-lanceolate,' acuminate, coarsely and usually doubly toothed, 1, 2, or even 3in. long, green and glandular-pubescent on both sides or rarely glabrous. Flowers white, not numerous, in a short terminal panicle or in the upper axils. Bracts narrow, mostly entire. Sepals hoary-tomentose, 3, 4, or rarely 5 lines long, with a long subulate point. Petals spreading. Fruit ovoid or rarely globular, with exceedingly numerous small carpels, not very succulent, of a pleasant flavour. — Ser. in DC. Prod. ii. 556 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1783 (with double flowers) ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 349 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 158 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 32 ; R. erjlanteria, Tratt.; Ser. in DC. Prod. ii. 556.
Hab.: Coastal land throughout Queensland.
The species is widely spread over the warmer regions of Africa and Asia.
4. R. IVEuelleri (after Baron Mueller), Bail. Proc. Roy. Soc. Ql. i. A large scrambling shrub. Branches glabrous, armed with scattered recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate, 3 to 9in. long, of 3 to 9 ovate-acuminate or, when small, often obtuse pinnae, which are coarsely and doubly toothed. Flowers white, in terminal panicles of 4 to 10 flowers ; bracts narrow, laciniate. Sepals slightly hoary, points subulate. Petals spreading, not so large as in R. rosafolius. Fruit red, glossy, nearly globular, J to lin. diameter. Carpels small, numerous, succulent, and with an agreeable acid flavour.
Hab.: Helidon.
After I had published this species, Baron von Mueller wrote me that he had received specimens of this plant from Queensland, and had marked it in his herbarium as R. rosce- folius, var. eglandulosus ; but, as it was not published by him under that name, and I consider it of specific distinction, I keep it as above.
5. R. Moorei (after C. Moore), F.v.M.in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 67, and Fragm. iv. 29 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 431. A tall scrambling shrub, the branches and petioles glabrous or loosely tomentose, with numerous small reflexed prickles. Leaves digitate, with 5 petiolulate leaflets, ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 3 to 4in. long, and bordered by regular prickly teeth in the glabrous or slightly pubescent specimens ; in the more tomentose ones shorter, broader in proportion, more coriaceous, with shorter teeth, glabrous above, softly velvety or
528
XLIV. ROSACEA.
[ilubils.
villous underneath. Flowers white, unisexual or polygamous, in loose axillary racemes or raceme-like panicles. Bracts small, entire. Calyx pubescent, very spreading, the segments ovate or oblong, obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long. Fruit said to be dark-red and insipid.
Hab.: Tallebudgera Creek, Rev. B. Scortechini.
The nearest affinity of this species is with the New Zealand R. australis, Forst., but the leaves of the latter species, although protean in their forms, never quite resemble those of R. Moorei ; the flowers are much smaller and very much more numerous, in large panicles, &c. — Benth.
5. *FRAGARIA, Linn.
(Fruit fragrant.)
Calyx persistent, with 5 bracteoles at its base ; lobes 5, valvate in the bud- Petals 5. Stamens many, persistent. Carpels many, on a convex receptacle ; styles ventral, persistent ; ovule 1, ascending. Achenes many, minute, sunk in the surface of a large fleshy receptacle. Perennial scapigerous herbs, with creeping stolons. Leaves digitately 3, rarely 5, foliolate, very rarely pinnate or simple. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers white or yellow, often polygamous.
1. F. indica (Indian), Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 479 ; Rook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 343. Indian Strawberry. A more or less silky-hairy plant. Rootstock stout, with many long, slender prostrate stems. Leaves distant ; leaflets 3 to 5, rarely 5, 1 to l^in. diameter, petiolulate or sessile ; membranous, simply or doubly crenate, or toothed, or serrate ; base cuneate, entire ; nerves parallel. Petiole 1 to 5in. long, very slender. Stipules leafy, toothed. Peduncles very slender, equalling the petioles, naked. Flowers J to lin. diameter. Calyx-lobes ovate or lanceolate ; bracteoles narrow or broad, often greatly exceeding the calyx-lobes, rarely quite entire. Petals obovate, cordate, yellow. Fruit spherical or oblong, bright red, spongy, insipid ; achenes minute, obscurely pitted. — Hook. l.c.
This Indian plant has in some localities strayed from garden culture into adjoining pastures.
The leaves are often discoloured with the fungus Phyllosticta fragaricola, Desm., or P. fragaria, Cooke.
6. ACyENA, Linn.
(From akaina, a spine ; spinous calyxes.)
(Ancistrum, Forst.)
Calyx-tube ovoid or campanulate ; lobes usually 4 or 5, but varying from 3 to 7, valvate. Petals none. Stamens 2 to 10. Carpels 1 or rarely 2, enclosed in the calyx-tube, with 1 pendulous ovule in each ; style terminal or nearly so, protruding from the calyx-tube, usually dilated into an oblique fringed stigma. Achene solitary, dry, enclosed in the hardened tube of the calyx, which is usually closed at the top and more or less awned with subulate or conical spines, often glochidiate at the end. — Herbs, with a perennial tufted stock. Leaves radical or alternate, pinnate, with toothed or cut leaflets. Stipules sheathing at the base. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, small, green or purplish, in a terminal globular head, or in an elongated or interrupted spike, the flowering-stem either leafy or reduced to a leafless scape.
The genus is dispersed over the temperate and colder regions of the southern hemisphere ; it is especially abundant in S. America, and occurs also in California, Mexico, and the Sandwich Islands. The following Australian species are apparently also natives of S. America and New Zealand.
The genus has been divided into two sections — Fuaccena, with the fruiting calyx moqe or less angular, the spines, when present, one only to each angle ; and Ancistrum, with the calyx ovoid, irregularly covered with numerous spikes or tubercles. In the former, the flowers are usually
Actrna.]
XLIV. ROSACEA.
529
capitate, but spicate in a few species ; in the latter they are spicate in most if not all species. There are a few species, however (not Australian), with the spines not developed, and ambiguous
between the two sections. — Bentli.
Spike cylindrical or elongated and interrupted. Stamens 4 to 10. Spines
of the fruiting calyx numerous, irregularly scattered 1. A. ovina.
Heads globular. Stamens 2. Spines of the fruiting calyx 4, 1 to each angle. Calyx-lobes united at the base, usually persistent. Fruiting head above Jin. diameter, with long glochidiate spines 2. A. sanguisorbce.
1. A. ovina (sheep Acmna), A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 358; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 433. Stems ascending or erect, leafy, 1 to 2ft. high, silky-hairy. Leaflets ovate, from orbicular to oblong, f to fin. long, deeply and obtusely crenate or pinnatifid, glabrous above, silky-hairy underneath. Flowers in a long interrupted spike, more dense towards the end, polygamous. Calyx-lobes usually 5, rarely 4, 6, or 7. Stamens in the males either about as many or 8 to 10, in the females reduced to minute staminodia, or 1 or 2 of them filiform, without anthers. Ovary in the females with a single or rarely 2 ovules ; style obliquely dilated at the end, with a broad unilateral fringed stigma. Fruit ovoid, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous or loosely villous, covered with short prickles, barbed at the end and irregularly arranged, 2 or 3 of them usually longer than the others, with a conical base. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 115 ; A. echinata, Nees in PI. Preiss, i. 95 ; A. Behriana, Schlecht. Linnasa, xx. 660 (calyx often 6 or 7-lobed, stamens often 10).
Hab.: Many parts of southern Queensland.
The species extends to New Zealand, and probably also to extratropieal S. America, for A. montevidensis, Hook. f. FI. Antarct. ii. 265, appears to be quite the same. — Benth.
2. A. sanguisorbae (Burnet-leaved), Vahl. ; DC. Prod. ii. 492 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 434. Stems prostrate or creeping and rooting at the nodes, the flowering branches ascending from a few inches to nearly 1ft., loosely silky- villous, leafy at the base. Leaflets from nearly orbicular and fin. long to oblong and fin., prominently toothed, glabrous or nearly so above, silky-hairy under- neath. Flowers numerous, in dense globular heads, on long terminal peduncles, usually under Jin. diameter at the time of flowering, becoming when in fruit dense globular burrs of fin. diameter or more. Calyx-lobes usually 4. Stamens 2. Style with the fringed stigma of A. ovina. Fruiting calyx nearly 2 lines long, turbinate, the lobes 4-angled, with a long prickle barbed at the end, diverging from near the summit of each angle. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 114 ; A. sarmentosa, Carmich.; DC. l.c.
Hab.: In the cooler parts of the colony.
The species is also found in New Zealand, Tristan d’Acunha, and Lord Auckland’s Isles, and it is perhaps not really distinct from the S. American A. ovalifolia, Ruiz, and Pav. — Benth.
7. ’•ROSA, Linn.
(From the red colour of the flowers.)
Calyx-tube dilated, narrowed at the mouth ; limb 5-partite, segments spreading, entire or pinnately toothed. Petals 5, sessile, spreading. Stamens indefinite, inserted in mouth of calyx-tube; ovary 1-celled, with a pendulous ovule. Achenes indefinite, included in the fleshy persistent calyx-tube. — Shrubs, often scandent, usually aculeate. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers rather large, hermaphrodite, solitary, or in corymbose cymes, white, red or yellow.
A considerable genus, several of the species of which are very variable ; most abundant in the north temperate zone of the Old World. — Prof. Oliver.
1. R. rubiginosa (glandular hairs dull-red), Linn. The well-known Sweet Briar. A tall often dense scrub, spreading by surculigerus stems ; prickles hooked, compressed, with smaller straighter ones and glandular hairs interspersed.
530
XLIV. ROSACEA.
iosa.
Leaflets elliptical, doubly serrate, hairy, clothed beneath with rust-coloured glands, from which when bruised is emitted the peculiar fragrance for which the plant is noted. Sepals pinnate and bristly, as well as the peduncles. Corolla pink. Fruit scarlet, ovoid or oblong, bristly towards the base.
Hab.: This European shrub has become naturalised between Stanthorpe and the border of N. S. Wales.
Order XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
Calyx free or adnate to the ovary, with 4 or 5 valvate or imbricate lobes or segments. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, valvate or imbricate, sometimes very small or wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as calyx-lobes, rarely fewer and very rarely indefinite, inserted with the petals on or outside a perigynous or epigynous disk or rarely hypogynous. Ovary more or less adnate to the calyx, or if free usually attached by a broad base, either 2 to 5 -celled or with 2 to 5 parietal placentas, very rarely contracted at the base or apocarpous ; ovules usually several, very rarely solitary in each cell or to each placenta ; styles as many as cells or placentas, distinct or rarely united. Fruit capsular or very rarely succulent and indehiscent. Seeds usually small, with a copious albumen and small or terete straight embryo, very rarely larger and without albumen. — Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple or compound, with or without stipules. Flowers usually regular and hermaphrodite.
A large Order, ranging over nearly the whole world, the shrubby or arborescent genera chiefly tropical, the herbaceous ones from the more temperate or colder regions of the northern hemisphere, with a few extratropical southern genera or species. The Order includes a great variety of forms, evidently connected with each other, but difficult to unite by a common character which shall separate them from several other Calyciflorous and some Thalamiflorous Orders into which they appear sometimes to pass. There is especially no one character to distinguish them from Rosacea which has not some exception, although the greater number of genera differ from that Order in their definite stamens, united carpels with free styles, and copious albumen. — Benth.
Tribe I. Escallonieee. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple, often coriaceous and glandular-serrate. Stamens most frequently isomerous with the petals.
Style 1. Ovary 3 to 7-merous.
Petals imbricate. Calyx semisuperior. Stamens 5. Ovary semi-inferior,
3 to 5-celled
Petals valvate.
Petals fringed inside below the middle with long hairs, forming a
corona. Ovary inferior or semiadnate . <
Petals 4 to 5, free. Ovary superior. Berry oblong, indehiscent, many-
seeded
Petals 5 to 7, deciduous. Ovary superior. Capsule loculicidal, 4 to 5-
valved
Style 1 to 2. Ovary 2-merous.
Petals 4, valvate, linear. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Style simple.
Berry 1-seeded
Petals imbricate. Stamens 6 to 9. Ovary superior, 1-celled ....
1,
2,
3.
4,
5.
6.
Quintinia.
Argophyllum.
Abrophyllum.
Cijttsia.
POLYOSMA.
Anopterus.
Tribe II. Cunonieae. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely ternate or verticillate, stipulate, simple or 3 to 5-foliolate or imparipinnate. Stamens twice as'many as calyx-segments or
indefinite. Styles free, at least at the top.
Flowers capitate. Petals 9. Carpels connate. Flower-head involucrate.
Leaves opposite, serrate 7. Callicoma.
Inflorescence various, not globose-capitate.
Calyx 4 to 5-partite. Stamens 4 to 10. Carpels in ovary 2 to 5, free.
Leaves simple 8. Spir;eanthesidm.
Calyx 4 to 5-partite, valvate. Petals none. Stamens 8 to 10, hypogynous.
Drupe 2-eelled. Seeds compressed, with laciniate margins .... 9. Davidsonia.
Calyx increasing after flowering. Stamens 8. Ovary 4-celled. Leaves
simple 10- Aphanopetalum.
Sepals 5, valvate. Petals 5, inserted under the disk. Stamens 10. Ovary
free, 3-angular, 3-celled. Leaves pinnate, 1-foliolate 11. Gii.lbeea,
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
581
Calyx plainly valvate.
Petals small and laeiniate or none. Fruit indehiscent, surrounded by
5 horizontal wings. Leaflets 1 to 3, articulate on the petiole . . .12. Ceratopetalum.
Petals dentate. Drupe 1-seeded. Calyx reflexed. Leaves simple . . 13. Schizomeria.
Stamens inserted at the base of the disk. Capsule 2-celled, many- seeded. Leaves pinnate 14. Ackama.
Calyx imbricate or aestivation obscure.
Stamens inserted at the base of the disk, free. Seeds small, oblong,
usually pilose. Leaves various 15. Weinmannia.
Sepals valvate or slightly imbricate. Stamens few or numerous. Ovary 2-celled. Seeds not winged. Flowers solitary. Leaves 3-foliolate (leaflets apparently in whorls of 6) 16. Bauera.
1. QUINTINIA, Alph. DC.
(After La Quintinei.)
Calyx-tube obconical, adnate to the ovary, with 5 persistent teeth. Petals 5, imbricate, deciduous. Stamens 5 ; anthers ovate. Ovary inferior, 3 to 5-celled, with several ovules in each cell, the free summit broadly conical, tapering into a persistent 3 to 5-furrowed style, with a capitate 3 to 5-lobed stigma. Capsule inferior, opening at the summit in teeth or valves continuous with the styles, which separate up to the stigma. Seeds ascending, long, spindle-shaped, with a loose testa ; embryo (very minute ?) in a fleshy albumen.- — Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, without stipules. Flowers small, white, in racemes, either simple in the axils or several forming a terminal panicle.
Besides the 4 following species, which are endemic in Australia, there are 2 in New Zealand.
Racemes in a terminal leafless panicle 1. Q. Sieberi.
Racemes paniculate, terminal. Flowers very small 2. Q. Quatrefagesii.
Racemes simple, axillary.
Petals pale-yellow 3. Q. Verdonii.
Petals white 4. Q. Faivkneri.
1. Q. Sieberi (after F. W. Sieber), A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 90, and in DC. Prod. iv. 5 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 438. A spreading tree of 30 to 40ft. Leaves oval-elliptical, shortly acuminate, mostly 3 to 4in. long, entire, narrowed into a petiole of about iin., coriaceous, reticulate. Racemes numerous, in a terminal panicle, scarcely longer than the last leaves. Pedicels very short, rarely 1 line long. Calyx-lobes very short and broad. Petals oval-oblong, spreading, about 2 lines long. Styles separating in the ripe capsule up to the stigmas, which remain united. Seeds obovate or oblong, with a loose reticulate testa, but not winged. — Endl. in Flora, 1832, ii. 389, t. 3, and Atakta, 10, t. 10 (the plate wanting in our copy) ; F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 126.
Hab.: Southern localities.
2. Q. Quatrefagesii (after Professor J. L. A. de Quatrefages), F. v. M. Viet. Nat. 1891. Viscidulous ; leaves from lanceolate to rhomboid-ovate, short- acuminate, with no perceptible denticulations, dark-green above, pale-brownish beneath, and there the costular primary venules prominent, the secondary venules on both sides concealed. Racemes amply paniculate ; flowers particularly small, on short pedicels ; calyx-tube angularly 5-lined. Calyx-lobes deltoid, minute. Petals deltoid-semielliptic, ciliolar-barellate inside at the base. Stamens somewhat hairy ; filaments about half as long as the anthers. Styles 3 or 4, united, very short, but comparatively thick. Disk expanded, slightly undulate, glabrous. Stigmas hardly turgid. Ovary 3 or 4-celled.
Hab.: On the summit of Mt. Bartle Frere, Stephen Johnson (F. v. M.)
This species agrees with Q. Sieberi in its inflorescence, although the flowers are even smaller than those of Q. Faivkneri , while the leaves are more like those of Q. Verdonii, but singularly remarkable for their brownish tinge on the under side, where the dark costular but
532
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
[Quint inia.
almost straight primary venulation becomes very conspicuous in the absence of secondary well- visible venules ; as regards the proportionate length of the stigmas to the styles, this plant differs from the other known species. The leaves remind of those of some Fagus ; they are broad in comparison to their length. Ripe fruit not yet available for examination. — F. v. M.
3. Q. Verdonii (after Sir George Verdon), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 125, vi. 189 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 438. Small tree with spreading branches. Very near Q. Sieberi, the leaves of the same shape and size, hut much less reticulate. Racemes in the specimens seen all simple and solitary in the upper axils, 3 to 4in. long. Flowers pale-yellow, rather smaller than in Q. Sieberi, on pedicels about 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes narrower, about half as long as the petals. Capsule smaller than in Q. Sieberi. Seeds small, ovoid-oblong, obtuse, not winged.
Hab.: Southern localities.
4. Q. Fawkneri (after John Pascoe Fawkner), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 92. A tree of about 60ft. in height, with a white smooth bark. Branchlets angular by the prominent decurrent raised lines from the base of the petioles. Leaves li to 2^in. long and about i to fin. broad, cuneate-oblong, apex retuse or emarginate ; the margins narrowly recurved, quite entire, silvery-hoary on the under surface and dotted with brownish resinous dots, the veins inconspicuous. Petioles short. Racemes axillary, 2 to 3in. long, very resinous, nearly glabrous ; rhachis angular, furfuraceous. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Bracts at the base of the pedicels cordate-semiovate, at length deciduous, scarcely £ line long. Calyx scarcely 1 line long. Petals white, oblong-ovate, cuneate to 2 lines long. Filaments linear-subulate, 1 line long ; expanded anther cordate-ovate, f line long. Style somewhat thick, cylindric, IV line long ; stigmas patently recurved. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.); Bartle Frere, Bellenden Ker Expedition, 1889.
2. ARGOPHYLLUM, Forst.
(Silvery-white under side of leaf.)
Calyx-tube shortly turbinate or hemispherical, adnate to the ovary ; lobes 5 or 6, persistent. Petals as many, valvate, persistent, fringed inside below the middle with long hairs, forming a corona. Stamens as many as petals ; anthers usually shorter than the filaments. Disk scarcely prominent. Ovary half-adnate, 2 to 5-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; style shortly conical, with a capitate shortly lobed stigma. Capsule small, coriaceous, 2 to 5-celled, opening loculi- cidally and sometimes also septieidally into as many or twice as many valves or cells. Seeds minute, globular, reticulate. Embryo minute in a fleshy albumen.
— Shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually white underneath. Flowers small, in
terminal or axillary corymbose panicles.
Leaves 6 to even 9in. long, membranous, serrate 1. A. Lejourdanii.
Leaves 2 to 4in. long, entire or somewhat serrate 2. A. nitidum.
1. A. Lejourdanii (after M. Lejourdan), F. v. M. Fragm iv. 33 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 437. An elegant shrub of 6 to 7ft., the branches and inflorescence clothed with a close silky-white or reddish tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, mostly 5 to 6in. long, on a petiole of about lin., not coriaceous, green and glabrous, or with scattered hairs above, silvery-white with a close silky tomentum underneath, the pinnate parallel primary veins erecto-patent, about DO on each side of the midrib, the transverse secondary ones and smaller reticula- tions prominent underneath. Panicles axillary in the upper axils, shorter than the leaves, corymbose or more frequently ovate. Flowers, including the small expanded petals, about 3 lines diameter. Capsule depressed-globular, about 2 lines diameter, usually 2-celled and 4-valved, rarely 3-celled and 6-valved.
Argophyllum.\
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
533
Hab.: Mount Elliott, Ballacliy ; Walsh’s Pyramid.
Wood yellow, close-grained, and hard. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 151a (Mount Perry form). Var. cryptophleba, F. v. M. in Herb. Leaves lanceolate, about 6in. long and 1J to 2in. broad, or sometimes more oblong in form and 9in. long and 5in. broad, the texture of these large leaves being almost membranous ; the margins bordered with numerous sharp, short teeth. Hab.: Mulgrave River, Bellenden Ker Exped. 1889.
2. A. nitidum (shining), Forst. Char. Gen. 30, t. 15. A shrub or small tree. Branches erect, terete, silky-tomentose. Leaves ovate, narrowed at both ends, 2 to 4in. long, undulate, entire or somewhat serrate, above greenish-brown, beneath like the petioles ; panicles and calyxes shining silky-white, the young ones somewhat fulvous. Inflorescence paniculate towards the top of the branches, the common peduncle elongated, axillary. Flowers 5 rarely 6-merous, the petals much longer than the calyx. Capsule obovate, generally 3-celled and 3-valved. Seeds numerous. — Grertn. Fruct. t. 210; Labill. FI. Nov. Caled. 38, t. 40; DC. Prod. vii. 578.
Hab.: Mount Perry, Jas. Keys; Logan River, Rev. B. Scortechini.
Var. fulva. Branches and leaf-veins rusty-coloured ; leaves smaller, ovate-lanceolate. Hab : Mount Bellenden Ker (a tree up to 25ft.), TP. A. Sayer ; Mount Bartle Frere, S. Johnson. The species is also in New Caledonia.
3. ABROPHYLLUM, Hook. f.
(From beauty of leaf.)
(Brachynema, F. v. M.)
Calyx-tube exceedingly short, adnate to the broad base of the ovary ; segments 5, spreading, deciduous. Petals 5, valvate, spreading, deciduous. Stamens 5 ; anthers large, on very short filaments. Ovary free, except the broad base, oblong, 5-furrowed, 5-celled, with many ovules in each cell ; stigma sessile, 5-lobed. Berry free, ovoid, 5-celled. Seeds numerous, small, nearly globular ; embryo (minute ?) in a fleshy albumen. — Shrub. Leaves alternate. Flowers in corym- bose panicles, terminal or in the upper axils.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia.
1. A. ornans (beautiful leaves), Hook. f. ms.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 437. A tall handsome shrub or small tree, with a smooth bark, the young shoots and inflorescence pubescent with short appressed hairs. Leaves elliptical or ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 9in. long, with a few short broad mucronate teeth in the upper part, narrowed at the base into a petiole of 1 to 2in., thin and glabrous or sprinkled with a few appressed hairs on the principal veins underneath. Panicles irregularly dichotomous, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers rather small, yellowish. Calyx-segments triangular-lanceolate, about ^ line long. Petals about 2 lines long. Berries 3 to 4 lines. — Brachynema ornans, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 90 ; Habrophyllum ornans, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 150.
Hab.: From Brisbane River to Rockingham Bay, Mt. Wheeler, F. v. M. Flowering in October.
Dr. Hooker had described the genus for the “Genera Plantarum ” when the specimen and character arrived from F. v. Mueller, whose specific name he consequently adopted, but the generic name was preoccupied by a curious Brazilian genus allied to Ehenacece, described and figured in the “ Linnsean Transactions,” xxii. 126, t. 22. — Bentli.
4. CUTTSIA, F. v. M.
(After J. Cutts.)
Calyx 5 to 7-partite, segments narrow, semilanceolate, deciduous. Petals 5 to 7, lanceolate, the base truncate, sessile, valvate, deciduous. Stamens 5 to 7, almost hypogynous, opposite the calyx-segments, alternate with the petals.
534
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
[Cuttsia.
Filaments free, linear-setaceous. Anthers cordate-ovate, introrse, 2-celled, dorsi- fixed ; cells dehiscing longitudinally. Style short, simple, stigma depressed- globular, slightly 4 or 5 crenulate-lobed. Disk small, entire, connate with the base of the calyx. Ovary 4 to 5 -celled, superior, many-ovulate, affixed in the axils of the placentas. Capsule superior, 4 to 5-celled. Seeds minute, wingless. — A tall shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, without stipules, lanceolate, serrate, thin chartaceous. Panicles terminal, the branches corymbose ; flowers white, capsules minute. — F. v. M. Fragm. v. 47, t. 40.
1. C. viburnea (Viburnum-like), F. v. M. Fragm. l.c. Branches terete and as well as the petioles and leaves glabrous. Leaves like those of Abrophyllum, 4 to 8in. long, 1 to 2in. broad, penninerved, the reticulation of thin veins, apex acuminate marginal, rather large and distant, tapering at the base to a petiole of about lin. Panicle ample, the pedicels, bracts, and calyxes shortly pilose. Bracts solitary, narrow semilanceolate, scarcely over 1 line long. Calyx 1 line long, deeply divided. Petals glabrous, 14 to 2 lines long. Filaments a little over 1 line long, glabrous ; anthers | line long. Style scarcely f line long, glabrous, persistent. Stigma ^ line broad. Ovary glabrous ; capsule globose-ovate, some- what hard, 2 lines high, valvate to the middle. Seeds almost J line long, brown, ovate, very slightly tessellately-punctate.
Hab.: Mountain creeks in southern Queensland.
Wood white, close-grained, and very tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 152a.
5. POLYOSMA, Blume.
(Very fragrant ; flowers.)
Calyx-tube ovoid, adnate to the ovary, the limb small, 4-toothed, persistent. Petals 4, valvate, linear, erect and frequently cohering in a tube, spreading at the end, deciduous. Stamens 4 ; anthers linear, erect. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled, with numerous ovules attached to 2 parietal placentas, protruding far into the cavity and almost dividing it into 2 cells ; style filiform, with an entire terminal stigma. Berry ovoid, inferior, with a single large erect seed ; testa rather thick ; embi’yo small, in the summit of a fleshy albumen. — Trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so, usually turning black in drying. Flowers white or greenish, in terminal simple racemes.
Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus comprises several from E. India, the Archipelago, and S. Pacific Islands. — Benth.
Nearly or quite glabrous.
Leaves thin-coriaceous, 3 to 4in. long, irregularly notched with callous teeth, some longer and almost bristle-like ; petioles short. Fruit compressed, 6 to 9 lines long, 4 to 5 lines broad about the centre, black, on pedicels of about 2 lines 1. P. Cunnmghamii.
Leaves thick-coriaceous, minutely and distantly toothed, teeth with callous tips, 2 to 3in. long, on petioles about 2 lines long. Fruit ribbed, broad at the base, about 4 lines long, on pedicels of 4 lines . . 2. P. rigidiusculu.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate, with long acuminate points, entire, 1J to 2Jin. long ; petioles 3 to 4 lines long. Fruit smooth, about 2£ lines long, the capsule protruding from the calyx-tube, on pedicels of about 2 lines 3. P. reducta. Hirsute. Leaves entire or with a few distant obscure teeth, 3 to 5£in.
long, J to 2£in. broad, on petioles of 1 to l^in. Fruit globose-rostrate,
4 lines long,~3£ lines diameter, reddish, marked with short whitish lines 4. P. alaiujiacea.
1. P. Cunninghamii (after A. Cunningham), J. J. Benn. PI. Jav. Pear. 196; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 488. A tree said to attain the height of 80ft. but usually much smaller, quite glabrous except the inflorescence and flowers. Leaves ovate-elliptical, acuminate acute or rarely obtuse, 3 to 4in. long, irregularly notched with callous teeth, much narrowed into a short petiole, somewhat coriaceous, penniveined. Racemes usually shorter than the leaves. Pedicels 1 to
Poh/osrrisx rujuiijxscJjJ.ay,Fv T/T ^Ba£U.
MUt -p c J Yilla.
Jinrbans.. </'
Pl.XX.
Polyosma .]
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
535
2 lines long, with 2 minute bracteoles under the ovary. Calyx-teeth small. Corolla about 5 lines long, slightly pubescent outside with appressed hairs, the petals remaining long coherent in a narrow tube. Fruit ovoid, fin. long, black and fluted, crowned by the small persistent cup-shaped calyx-limb.
Hab.: Scrubs North Coast Railway. Fruit ripe in March,
2. P. rigidiuscula (leaves somewhat rigid), F. v. M. et Bail. Bot. Bull. i. A straggling shrub, the leaves so far as known (only two small specimens obtained) 2 to 3in. long, broad-lanceolate to ovate, the margins minutely and distantly denticulated with callous often pointed teeth or almost entire, usually acuminate, soon glabrous, rather conspicuously reticular-venulated, shining above, paler green beneath. Racemes spike-like, shorter than the leaves. (Flowers not seen.) Fruits ovate-ellipsoid, about 4 lines long, slightly hairy and nearly sessile. Seed turgid-ovate, its testule smooth, membranous, brownish-grey ; fresh albumen carnulent, embryo inconspicuous.
Hab.: Summit of Mt. Bartle Frere, Bellenden Ker Expedition , August, 1889.
3. P. reducta (referring to venulation), F. v. M. Viet. Nat., June 1892. A small tree of about 25ft. in height, with appressed hairs on the branchlets and petioles. Leaves mostly lanceolate, entire, gradually acuminate, from If to 2fin. long, almost suddenly passing into the slender petiole, nearly glabrous above, slightly puberulous beneath, the venulation much concealed. Racemes terminal and oftener axillary ; pedicels very slender. Bracts and bracteoles minute at the upper end of the pedicel. Calyx-teeth very short. Fruit ovate-globular, slightly oblique, without longitudinal lines, its summit emerging from the calyx and some- what pyramidal, about 2f lines long, on pedicels of about the same length ; endo- carp thinly cartilaginous, the spurious dissepiment longitudinally divisible into halves. Seeds 1 or 2, if 2 only one side turgid. Albumen oily, somewhat granular. Embryo minute, roundish.
Hab.: Russell River, W. Sayer (F. v. M. l.c.)
4. P. alangiacea (Alangium-like), F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 8. A tree about 30ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, entire, almost glabrous, 3 to 5in. long, 1 to lfin. broad, at first slightly tomentose, of a paler green on the under side and scarcely glossy, thin coriaceous, the lateral nerves erecto-patent, margins ciliolate. Racemes terminal, solitary, 3 to 5in. long, shortly pedunculate. Flowers numerous, 4 or 5-merous. Pedicels solitary. Bracteoles linear or ovate-lanceolate, about 1 line long. Corolla 4 to 5 lines long, thinly pilose. Filaments scarcely exceeding 2 lines. Anthers twice as long, narrow oblong-linear, obtuse. Style 3 lines long, filiform, very thinly coriaceous. Stigma depressed, very shortly 2-lobed. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.)
G. ANOPTERUS, Labill.
(From ano, upwards, and pteron, a wing ; wing of seed.)
Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the broad base of the ovary ; lobes 6 to 9, short, persistent. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, imbricate, spreading, deciduous. Stamens as many as petals ; anthers versatile. Ovary free, except the broad base, 1-celled, with several ovules attached to 2 parietal placentas ; style 2-lobed, the lobes stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule oblong-conical, thickly coriaceous, opening in 2 recurved valves with the placentas on their margins. Seeds pendulous, imbricate, flattened ; testa membranous, dilated at the hilum end into a broad membranous wing, the nucleus at the opposite end small,
Part II. P
586
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
[Anopterus.
oblong ; embryo minute, in a fleshy albumen. — Shrubs or small trees, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, evergreen, coriaceous, without stipules. Flowers white, rather large, in short terminal racemes.
The genus is endemic in Australia.
1. A. IVEacleayanus (after Sir Wm. Macleay), F. v. M. in Journ. Pharm. Soc. Viet. 1859 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 489. A tree attaining a height of 50ft. (Moore). Leaves usually elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, very large, obtusely serrate, narrowed into petioles of f to lin. Calyx-lobes petals and stamens often 8 or 9 each. Capsule from 1 to lfin. long, seeds f to fin., including the wing. Hal).: Mount Lindsay, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000ft., IV. Hill.
7. CALLICOMA, Andr,
(Referring to the beauty of flower-heads.)
(Calycomis, It. Br.)
Sepals 4 or 5, free, valvate or the margins slightly imbricate. Petals none. Stamens twice as many as sepals, hypogynous ; anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary 2-celled or rarely 3-celled, with several pendulous ovules in each ; styles distinct, filiform, each with a minute terminal stigma. Capsule small, separating into distinct carpels opening along the inner edge. Seeds small, ovoid-oblong, tuberculate ; embryo very small, in a somewhat fleshy albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple. Flowers small, in dense globular heads.
The genus is limited to two species, endemic in Australia.
Leaves prominently toothed, with minute, obtuse teeth. Petals very minute.
Leaves coarsely serrate. Flowers in globular heads 1 . C. serratifolia.
Leaves minutely serrate. Flowers paniculate 2. C. Stutzeri.
1. C. serratifolia (leaves serrated), Andr. Bot. Bep. t. 566 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 440. A tall shrub, growing into a tree of 80 to 40ft., the young shoots often tomentose or villous, the branches soon glabrous. Leaves from elliptical- oblong to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, coarsely serrate, 2 to 4in. long, coriaceous, glabrous and shining above, either white underneath with a minute tomentum, or softly tomentose or villous and more rust-coloured, the parallel pinnate veins prominent underneath. Stipules ovate, very deciduous. Flowers numerous, in dense globular heads on peduncles of f to lin., of which 2 to 4 are usually on a short common peduncle in the upper axils, and several form a terminal cluster or short panicle. Sepals and capsules not above If line long, tomentose or villous. Stamens 8 to 15, more than twice as long. — DC. Prod. iv. 7 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1811 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1167.
Hab.: Glasshouse Mountains.
C. ferruginea, D. Don, Cunon. 11, in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. Apr. to June, 1830, with the leaves softly rusty-tomentose or villous underneath, passes into the common forms by every gradation. — Benth.
2. C. Stutzeri (after John Stutzer), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 31. A tree 40ft. or more high ; branchlets and petioles shortly pubescent. Leaves opposite, minutely dentate, 4 to 8in. long, If to 3in. broad, lanceolate-ovate, very shortly acuminate, remotely penninerved, reticulations copious, glabrous. Stipules lanceolate, quite entire, slightly pubescent on the underside. Peduncles 1 to 3 in each axil, f to If in. long, secondary ones opposite or vertic'llate or umbellate, few flowers or here and there many flowers in each head. Bracts and bracteoles orbicular or cuneate ovate, about 1 line long. Calyx shortly pubescent, If line long, deeply divided into 5, rarely 4 or 6 lobes. Cuneate-obovate, membranous, slightly imbricate. Petals very minute, cuneate-quadrate, scale-like, scarcely exceeding 1 line long, brown, glabrous, emarginate, hence thickened and
Callicoma.]
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
587
bifoveolate. Stamens 9 to 10, opposite the sepals, alternate with the petals. Anthers exappendiculate, dorsifixed, nearly ^ line long. Styles 2, free, setaceous, stigma terminal, very small, glabrous, almost 2 lines long. Ovary hoary- velvety, semisuperior, septicidal, 2-celled, ovules few. — F. v. M., l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallacliy.
8. SPIRSANTHEMUM, A. Gray.
(Flowers somewhat resembling those of Spircea.)
Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, calyx-tube short, free, the limb 4 to 5-parted ; lobes ovate-triangular, persistent, valvate. Petals none. Stamens 4 to 5 or twice that number, inserted at the base of the calyx, nearly hypogynous, long as the calyx ; filaments filiform ; anthers didymous. The hypogynous glands between the stamens and the ovary, 8 to 10, linear. Carpels in
the male flowers none, in the female flowers 4 or 5, rarely 2 or 3, free, oblong-ovoid, very much attenuated, style stigmatose at the apex ; ovules 1 to 5 or numerous, 2-serrate. Follicles 2 to 5, twice the length of calyx, compressed, dehiscent inwards, 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, compressed. Testa winged above or on both sides, embryo sub-cylindrical, albuminous. — Shrubs or small trees with terete branchlets. Leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate, simple, oval or oblong, entire or serrate. Stipules deciduous. Flowers numerous, disposed in axillary panicles, small, on articulate pedicels. — B. and H., Gen. PI. i. 650.
1. S. Davidsonii (after Alex. Davidson), F. v. M., Austr. Journ. of Phar., March 1887. A spreading-headed tree with slender stem, about 25ft. in height, the branchlets glabrescent. Leaves opposite, on rather long petioles, glabrous on both sides, prominently costate-nerved beneath, foveolate at the axils of the nerves. Panicles terminal, erect, ample. Flowers numerous, pinkish-white ; peduncles and pedicels slightly downy. Segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, stamen exserted, twice as many as divisions of the calyx ; hypogynous scales very minute. Follicles 2 to 3, considerably longer than the calyx. Seeds with a terminal appendage. — F. v. M., 1 c.
Hab.: On the highest crest of one of the mountains of the Bellenden Ker Range, Sayer and Davidson (F. v. M.)
Baron Mueller also notes that this species is closely allied to S. samoense, but that plant, so far as known, differs in its leaves being more rounded, copiously dentate, a closer nervature, shorter stamens and styles, as well as in its greater number of carpels. From S. vitiense our plant is separated by always simply opposite leaves, terminal inflorescence, longer pedicels, larger flowers, much exserted stamens and carpels, not several times longer than the calyx. S. Macgillivrayi , from the New Hebrides, is as yet imperfectly known, but the leaves are described as serrate and the flowers as always tetramerous. S. Graefferi and S. Katakata, from Fiji, are also allied but not identical. The New Caledonian congeners are still more distinct.
9. DAVIDSONIA, F. v. M.
(After J. E. Davidson.)
Calyx 4 to 5-fid, {estivation valvate. Petals none. Stamens 8 to 10, hypogy- nous. Filaments free, setaceous. Anthers dorsifixed, oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally. Styles 2, setaceous, free. Stigmas very small, terminal. Berry oblong-oval, 2J to 3in. long, 2 to 2Jin. diameter. Epicarp purple, but covered by a loose covering of short brown hairs ; pulp deep-red, very juicy. Seeds usually 2, flattish, about 8 or 9 lines broad, bordered by a rather deep irregularly laciniate wing, exalbuminous. Cotyledons plano-convex, straight, ovate. Radicle very short, superior. — Small erect trees with large very irregularly toothed impari- pinnate stipulate leaves, young growth more or less hairy. — F. v, M. Fragm. vi. 4.
588
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
[David snnia .
1. D. pruriens (referring to the prickly hairs covering fruit, &c.), F. v. M. Fraiiin. vi. 4, pi. 46. “ Oo-ray,” Tally River, J. F. Bailey. A tree attaining
the height of 80 or 40ft. Leaves 18in. or more long, the rhachis bordered with more or less broad lobes or teeth, the end leaflets often exceeding 1ft. long and Bin. broad, the lower ones more or less abbreviated and often decurrent, all coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply and irregularly dentate, the rhachis like the young shoots and panicles clothed with irritable hairs. Panicles pendulous, lft. or more long ; flowers clustered on the short branches. Bracts and bracteoles small, lanceolate or linear-subulate. Calyx reddish, lobes 2 or 3 lines long. Filaments 1A to 2 lines long, glabrous. Style about 2 lines long. Fruit a juicy drupe-like berry covered by a loose thin coating of short brown hairs ; skin plum-colour, pulp a rich red. Seeds flat with laciniated border.— Ql. Agri. Journ. ii. pi. 37, fruit natural size (coloured).
Hab.: Most of the tropical scrubs.
Fruit used for jam -making.
Wood of a dark-brown, close-grained, hard, tough and durable ; useful for tool-handles and mallets. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. I Foods, No. 154.
Var. Jerseyana. (D. Jersey ana, F. v. M) This principally differs from the northern plant in being smaller in all its parts. Hab.: Towards Tweed River.
10. APHANOPETALUM, Endl.
(Petals obscure.)
(Platyptelea, J. Drumm.)
Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the broad base of the ovary ; lobes 4, slightly imbricate, 2 opposite ones rather larger than the other 2, persistent and enlarged after flowering. Petals none or very minute. Stamens 8 ; filaments short, anthers oblong, 2-lobed at the base. Ovary 4-furrowed, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, tapering into 4 more or less united styles, shortly divergent at the top ; stigmas terminal. Fruit hard, small, indehiscent, surrounded at the base by the horizontally spreading wing-like enlarged calyx-segments. Seed solitary, reniform or horseshoe-shaped, rugose. Embryo curved, in the axis of the fleshy albumen. — Shrubs or trees, with weak or twining branches, quite glabrous. Leaves opposite, simple. Stipules minute or none. Flowers few in short cymes or leafy panicles, or solitary in the axils of the leaves.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is nearly allied to Ceratopetalum in character, and especially in the fruit, but with a very different habit. — Benth.
1. A. resinosum (bearing resinous dots), Endl. Nov. Stirp. Dec. 35, and Iconoyr. t. 26 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 441. A tall straggling or climbing shrub, quite glabrous, the smaller branches scabrous with raised resinous dots. Leaves ovate lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, obtusely serrate, 1A to 3in. long, acute at the base, on a petiole of 1 to 3 lines, thinly coriaceous, smooth and shining. Peduncles axillary, sometimes 3-flowered, the central pedicel without bracteoles, the 2 lateral ones bracteolate, or all bracteolate and an additional pair lower down, or the inflorescence further developed into a short dense more or less leafy panicle. Calyx-lobes at first small, but soon enlarging, and under the ripe fruit oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, about Ain. long. Petals, when present, quite microscopic. Fruit without the wings scarcely 1A line diameter. — F. v. M. Fragm. i. 228.
Hab.: River scrubs of southern Queensland. Flowering about September.
11. GILLBEEA, F. v. M.
(After Dr. Win. Gillbee.)
Calyx 5-partite, {estivation valvate. Petals 5, shorter than the calyx, with biglandular appendage at the apex. Stamens 10, free, inserted on the hypo- gvnous annular disk. Filaments linear-setaceous. Anthers almost globose,
Gillbeea.]
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
539
dorsifixed, 2-celled, without appendages, cells longitudinally dehiscing. Styles free, 3, short, filiform. Stigma very minute. Ovary 3-winged, 3-celled, cells 2-ovulate, ovules pendulous. — Tree. Leaves impari-pinnate or sometimes the upper ones trifoliolate or simple ; leaflets large, almost ovate, minutely denticu- late. Flowers white in broad panicles. — F. v. M. Fragm. v. 17.
1. G. adenopetala (petals bearing glands), F. v. M. lx. and Fragm. vi. 188. A tree, said to attain the height of GOft., but flowering often as a shrub ; bark smooth, branches glabrous and somewhat terete. The petioles and leaf rhachis hirsute. Leaves 1 to 3-jugate ; leaflets chartaceous, 3 to 6in. long, 1£ to 2Jin. broad, ending in a short point, lateral nerves erecto-patent, pilose beneath. Reticulation copious, both sides shining. Stipules caducous. Peduncles terminal, bearing branched panicles. Pedicels short. Bracteoles cymbiform- lanceolate, soon falling, almost 1 line long. Calyx about 2-| lines long, the segments almost lanceolate-bisulcate on the back. Petals membranous, glabrous, or slightly ciliate, about 1 line long, laciniate at the end and glandular. Fila- ments about 1 line long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, about ^ line long. Style glabrous, about |in. long. Ovary sessile, glabrous, 3-lobed ; ovules clavate. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Scrubs of the tropics.
12. CERATOPETALUM, Sm.
(Petals horn-like.)
Calyx-tube short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes 5, valvate, persistent and enlarged after flowering. Petals small and laciniate or none. Stamens 10, inserted on a perigynous disk ; anthers small, the connective produced into a recurved appendage. Ovary short, half-inferior, 2-celled, with 4 collateral ascending ovules in each cell, tapering into 2 more or less united styles, free and recurved at the top ; stigmas terminal. Fruit small, hard and indehiscent, surrounded by the 5 wing-like horizontally spreading enlarged calyx-lobes. Seeds solitary, slightly curved ; embryo green, curved, in the axis of a fleshy albumen. — Trees or shrubs, glabrous and resinous. Leaves opposite, with 1 or 3 digitate leaflets articulate on the petiole. Stipules very small. Flowers small, in terminal trichotomous cymes or corymbose panicles.
The genus is limited to Australia.
1. C. Virchowii (after Professor Rudolph Virchow), F. v. M., Viet. Nat. 1891. Leaves rather large, glabrous ; stipules deltoid, early dropping, leaflets 3 or occasionally 2, on conspicuous stalklets, ovate-lanceolar, bluntly acuminated, devoid of conspicuous crenulations, thinly reticular-venulated ; flowers in ample cymous panicles ; calyx-tube as well as pedicels and peduncles beset with spread- ing very short hairlets ; calyx-lobes somewhat pale-reddish beneath, dark-purplish above ; petals absent ; apex of anthers extremely short ; styles glabrous ; summit of ovulary beset with minute hairlets; fruit 1-seeded ; testa brown, glabrous; albumen copious ; cotyledons foliaceous, dark-green, ovate-orbicular, flexuous, much longer than the radicle.
Hab.: On Mt. Bartle Frere, in the higher region, Stephen Johnson.
13. SCHIZOMERIA, D. Don.
(Alluding to the laciniate petals.)
Calyx-tube short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; lobes 5, valvate, not enlarged after flowering. Petals small, toothed. Stamens 10, inserted outside a lobed disk ; anthers ovate, the connective produced into a short conical appendage. Ovary short, free except the broad base, 2-celled, with 4 ovules in each cell
540
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
[Schizomeria.
attached to a pendulous placenta ; styles distinct, short, recurved, with terminal stigmas. Fruit a drupe, with the small calyx-lobes reflexed from its base ; epicarp thick and fleshy ; endocarp bony. Seed solitary, somewhat curved ; embryo green, rather large, in a fleshy albumen.— Tree. Leaves opposite, simple. Stipules small. Flowers small, in terminal trichotomous cymes.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, and very nearly allied to Ceratopetalum in habit and flowers, but the fruit is different, and the leaves truly simple, the lamina continuous with the petiole. — Benth.
1. S. ovata (leaves ovate), D. Don, Cunon. 12, in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. Apr. to June, 1830; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 443. A tree attaining 50ft., with a dense foliage of a light green. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, mostly 3 to 4in. long, nearly entire or with irregular obtuse serra- tures, shortly narrowed at the base and continuous with the petiole, coriaceous, penniveined and reticulate. Flowers small, the cymes usually loose. Calyx- lobes scarcely above 1 line long. Petals shorter than the calyx, broad and toothed and lobed at the end. Drupe ovoid or globular, under Jin. in diameter, white.
Hab.: Scrubs along the North Coast Railway.
The fruit is very fleshy, and has a nice sharp acid flavour, and is useful for making jam. Ripe about March.
14. ACKAMA, A. Cunn.
(From the Maori name, Makamaka.)
Calyx-tube short, campanulate ; lobes 5, valvate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, inserted round a crenate disk ; anthers small, tipped by a minute gland-like appendage to the connective. Ovary free, 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; styles filiform, deciduous. Capsule small, turgid, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds few, ovoid, hairy ; embryo cylindrical in the axis of a fleshy albumen. — Trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate. Flowers small, very numerous, in compound panicles, in terminal pairs, becoming axillary by the elongation of the central shoot.
Besides the Australian species, which is endemic, the genus comprises another from New Zealand. The inflorescence, which is uniformly racemose in Weinmannia, being paniculate in both species of Ackama, gives them a habit so different from that of Weinmannia. that when coupled with the valvate calyx and the shape of the fruit there seems to be quite sufficient to maintain Ackama as a distinct genus rather than as a section of Weinmannia, as proposed by A. Gray. — Benth.
1. A. Muelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Axtstr. ii. 444. A tree, glabrous or nearly so except the inflorescence. Leaflets usually 5, rarely 7 or 3, ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, obtusely and very shortly serrate, usually 3 to 4in. long but sometimes much larger, narrowed at the base and more or less petiolulate, somewhat coriaceous, penniveined, with usually a minute tuft of hairs in the axils of the principal primary veins underneath. Flowers very small and numerous, clustered along the short ultimate branches of a very compound panicle, the branchlets all minutely pubescent. Calyx about \ line long. Petals slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens exserted. Capsule ovoid-globular, 1 to 1J line long. — Weinmannia paniculata , F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 83, altered to W. paniculosa, l.c. 175.
Hab.: Scrubs along North Coast Railway.
15. WEINMANNIA, Linn.
(After J. W. Weinmann.)
Calyx divided almost to the base into 4 or 5 more or less imbricate segments. Petals as many as calyx-segments or wanting. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted round the disk ; anthers small. Ovary free, 2 or rarely 3-celled, with
Weinmannia.} XLV. SAXIFRAGES. 641
several pendulous ovules in each cell ; styles distinct, each with a terminal or decurrent stigma. Capsule oblong or ovoid, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds oblong, reniform or nearly globular, usually (but not always) hairy ; embryo in the axis of a fleshy albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, or digitately or pinnately compound, with 3 or more leaflets. Flowers in simple racemes or racemose panicles, terminal or axillary, solitary or clustered.
A genus widely distributed over the warmer regions of the globe, extending into extratropical South America, S. Africa, and New Zealand. — Benth.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Stipules large, usually persistent.
Leaflets 6 to lOin. long, often broad, ovate-lanceolate, repand-serrulate.
Flowers yellow. Capsule ellipsoid-cylindrical, 8 to 9 lines long . . 1. IV. Benthami.
Leaflets 3 to 7in. long, conspicuously petiolulate, distantly serrulate.
Flowers yellow 2. IV. Biagiana.
Leaflets 3 to 5-digitate, 2 to 3in. long. Stipules hairy. Petals as many
as sepals. Anthers reddish. Capsule reflexed, 1J to 2 lines long, hairy 3. W.rubifolia.
Stipules usually only found on the young growth.
Leaflets nearly sessile, 2 to 6in. long, repand-serrulate. Capsule ovate, about 2 lines long 4. W. lachnocarpa.
Leaflets sessile, about 3in. long. Flowers small, about 2 lines diameter.
Stamens 12 5. W. apetala.
1. W. Benthami (after George Bentham, probably the greatest botanist of the century), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 180. A tree said to attain over 100ft. in height, the branchlets glabrous. Stipules coriaceous, often measuring lin.,
orbicular or cultrate-rotund. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate ; leaflets petiolulate, 6 to lOin. long, 3 to 5in. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, repand-serrulate, glabrous, prominently penninerved and somewhat thinly reticulate veined. Flowers in spikes, dense when young. Bracteoles canaliculate, semilanceolate, 1 line long, caducous. Fruiting racemes several inches long. Pedicels 1J to 2 lines long, and with the rhachis thinly silky. Sepals 5, valvate, 1J to
2 lines long, yellow. Petals none. Stamens 20 to 25, yellow, twice as long as
the sepals ; filaments setaceous. Anthers didymo-rotund ; cells 2-ellipsoid,
dehiscing laterally. Styles 2, glabrous, 1J line long. Stigmas minute, capitellate. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled, pyramidal-semiovate, silky. Disk annular, glabrous. Capsule ellipsoid-cylindrical, 8 to 9 lines long. — Geissois Benthami, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 180, and incidentally referred to by Bentham in FI. Austr. ii. 446 under Geissois.
Hab.: Scrubs towards the Tweed River.
2. W. Biagiana (after G. Biagi), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 16, vii. 150. A tree of about 60 to 70ft. high ; bark smooth. Leaves of 3 leaflets, from 3 to 7in. or lft. long and 2 to 3 or 8in. broad, with prominent midribs, on petioles of about Jin., coriaceous, lanceolate-ovate, sharply acuminate, distantly toothed, glabrous. Primary peduncle almost glabrous ; secondary ones, pedicels, and calyxes with a very short silky pubescence ; racemose branches of panicles spike-like, 3 to 5in. long. Bracteoles falling before the expansion of the flowers. Pedicels about 1 line long. Calyx yellow, 4 or 5-partite, 1 line long, valvate. Stamens 16 to 20. Filaments glabrous, sulphur-coloured, twice as long as the calyx. Anthers cordate-rotund, dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscing on both sides. Styles capillary, glabrous, about 1 line long. Stigmas very minute, punctiform.
Hab.: Tropical scrubs.
3. W. rubifolia (leaves supposed to resemble some bramble), F. v. M. (under Geissois); Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 445. A small tree, the young branches inflorescence and veins of the leaflets more or less clothed with long fine hairs. Leaflets 3 or 5, digitate, ovate-elliptical, acuminate, sharply serrate, much narrowed into a petiolule, rigid but not thick, the primary parallel veins very
542
XLV SAXIFRAGES.
[Weinmannia.
prominent underneath, with transverse reticulations, the terminal one usually 2 to Sin. long, or rarely more, the lateral ones smaller. Stipules large, hairy, deciduous. Racemes axillary, usually several together on a very short common peduncle, H to Bin. long when in fruit. Pedicels very short or scarcely any. Sepals shorter than the fruit. Petals as many as sepals, of the same length, but much narrower, pale, glabrous, and entire. Stamens 6 to 8, alternate with and rather longer than the calyx. Anthers glabrous, cordate, reddish, exappen- diculate. Cells dehiscing longitudinally. Capsules reflexed, 1^ to nearly 2 lines long, narrow, hairy, with 2, rarely 3, recurved styles, the stigmas shortly decurrent. Seeds 2 or 3 in each carpel, narrow-oblong, the testa more or less extended into a loose wing at one or both ends, or in some seeds the nucleus appears to extend nearly the whole length. — Geissois rubifolia, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 82.
Hab.: Southern scrubs.
4. W. lachnocarpa (capsules densely hairy), F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 7, 281. Scrub Rosewood, Scrub Redwood. “Merrany” or “ Marara,” Nerang, Schneider. A tall tree with spreading head, the trunk often straight and 2ft. in diameter, the bark rough and scaly. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves trifoliolate, the common petiole often very short. Stipules dimidiate-lanceolate, 1^ line long. Leaflets nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, remotely crenate or repand-serrulate, 2 to Gin. long, 1 to 2in. broad, thinly-coriaceous, acuminate, shining on both sides, lateral nerves spreading, the veins and veinlets copiously reticulate. Racemes usually several on a very short peduncle or solitary, 2 to 3in. long at the end of the branchlets. Pedicels short, articulate near the base, silky tomentose. Calyx deeply 6, rarely 5 or 7-partite, persistent, lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Petals none or very fugacious. Stamens usually about 20. Filaments glabrous, linear-setaceous, about 2 lines long. Anthers minute, cordate-rotundate, dorsi- fixed, dehiscing. Styles 2, rarely 8, straight, subulate, setaceous, about line long, glabrous, free. Stigmas very minute. Capsule ovate, about 2 lines long, almost all superior, densely woolly, with reddish-brown hairs.
Hab.: Southern localities; Upper 'Barron River, J. F. Bailey.
Wood light-pink, close in the grain ; might be used for making planes, mallets, and chisel handles. —Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 155. Wood used for boomerangs. — Schneider.
5. W. apetala (without petals), Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. A tall tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves opposite, digitately compound, leaflets 3, sessile, lanceolate and bluntly or glandularly serrate, 2 or 3in. long, the petiole usually under 2in. long, texture membranaceous. Inflorescence hoary-pubescent, race- mose, at the nodes below the leaves of the branchlets. Some of the smaller branchlets are destitute of leaves and then change the inflorescence to a peduncle bearing at its end an umbel of three racemes, the common peduncle 6 to 8 lines, the secondary peduncles about 6 to 8 lines, bearing racemes of from 1J to 3in. long ; flowers numerous, scattered. Bracts narrow-lanceolate, petiolate, about as long as the pedicels. Pedicels very slender, about 2 or 3 lines long. Flowers when expanded 2 lines diameter ; calyx-lobes 5. Petals none. Stamens 12 or more, much exserted, the filaments of unequal length, and often somewhat flattened ; anthers some much larger than the others, didymous. Styles 2, free, spreading, glabrous. Ovary hirsute except at the very base. Fruit as yet unknown.
Hab.: Kamerunga, E. Cowley. Flowering in December and January.
The present species approaches near to W. lachnocarpa, F. v. M., but differs in its more lax slender inflorescence, more membranous leaves, which are not so prominently reticulate ; its longer stamens, as well as probably the flower lobes to the calyx.
XLV. SAXIFRAGES.
543
16. BAUERA, Banks.
(In honour of Francis and Ferdinand Bauer, botanical painters.)
Calyx divided nearly to the base into 6 to 10, rarely 4 or 5, spreading segments, often toothed, valvate or slightly imbricate. Petals as many as calyx-segments. Stamens indefinite, few or numerous, inserted round a narrow disk ; anthers short. Ovary wholly or partially free, 2-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell ; styles distinct, recurved. Capsule superior or half-inferior, broad, truncate, opening loculicidally in 2 valves, or in 4 from the septicidal splitting of the valves. Seeds obovate with a granulate testa ; embryo nearly terete, in a fleshy albumen. — Shrubs. Leaves opposite, each with 8 leaflets without any common petiole, so as to have the appearance of a whorl of 6 leaves. Stipules none. Flowers axillary, solitary, but sometimes the pairs crowded in a terminal leafy head.
The genus is limited to Australia. By a mistake of Salisbury’s, copied by subsequent authors, the name of the genus has been attributed to Kennedy. In Andrews’ “ Botanical Repository,” where it was first published, it is expressly stated that it was named by Banks, without any allusion to Kennedy. — Benth.
Flowers pedicellate. Ovary superior. Ovules several. Leaves mostly serrate 1. B. rubioides. Flowers sessile. Ovary superior. Ovules several, ascending. Leaves mostly
3-toothed 2. B. capitata.
1. 23. rubioides (resembling a Rubia), Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 198 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 447. An elegant shrub, sometimes small, slender and prostrate, sometimes erect and bushy, attaining 5 or 6ft. or even more ; branches terete, glabrous or more frequently pubescent or hirsute with long fine hairs. Leaflets oblong or lanceolate, rather acute, rarely exceeding fin. and sometimes not fin. long, evergreen and often shining, marked by a few serratures, sometimes deep, sometimes obscure, or almost disappearing. Flowers pink or white, on slender pedicels, sometimes shorter, but more frequently longer than the leaves. Calyx- segments and petals rarely fewer than 6, and often 8 or 9. Petals longer than the calyx, often twice as long, spreading to a diameter of from £ to fin. Capsule shorter than the persistent calyx, very broad, wholly superior although attached by a broad base, several-seeded. — Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 96 ; Bot. Mag. t. 715; DC. Prod. iv. 13; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 149, t. 31; B. rubiezfolia , Salisb. in Ann. Bot. i. 514, t. 10 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1313 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 23; B. humilis, Sweet; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1197; DC. Prod. iv. 13 ; B. Billardieri, D. Don, Cunon. 13, in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. Apr. to June, 1830.
Hab.: Many localities in southern Queensland.
2. 23. capitata (flowers in heads), Ser. in DC. Prod. iv. 13; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 447. A small shrub, either diffuse or with a woody stock and numerous slender stems of fft., slightly pubescent. Leaflets narrow, scarcely above fin. long, obtuse, usually with one prominent lobe or tooth on each side. Flowers almost sessile, solitary in each axil, but several pairs close together at the ends of the branches, forming little leafy heads. Calyx-segments 4 to 6, usually 5, about 2 lines long, more distinctly 3-fid than the leaves. Stamens not numerous, anthers small. Ovary free but attached by a broad base ; ovules several in each cell, ascending from near the base of the partition. Capsule loculicidal but scarcely septicidal. Seeds rather large, pubescent, rugose, with a prominent raphe. — F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 24.
Hab.: Logan River, Rev. B. Scortecldni ; Fraser’s Island, Hon. Miss Lovell.
544
XLVI. CRASSULACE7E.
Order XLVI. CRASSULACE®.
Sepals 3 or more, usually 5, but sometimes up to 20, free from the ovary, but occasionally united in a lobed calyx. Petals as many as sepals, free or rarely united in a lobed corolla. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, inserted with them at the base of the calyx. Ovary superior, the carpels as many as the petals, distinct, usually with a small flat scale at the base of each ; with several ovules in each ; styles simple, distinct. Ripe carpels capsular. Seeds several, with a thin fleshy albumen and straight embryo. — Herbs or rarely low shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves succulent, without stipules. Flowers in terminal racemes, cymes or panicles, or rarely in axillary clusters.
A rather numerous Order, extending over the greater part of the globe, but particularly abounding in S. Africa and in the rocky districts of Europe and Asia. The only Australian genus is generally spread over the area of the Order. The Order is nearly allied to some herbaceous Saxifragea :, but it is more apocarpous, the stamens less perigynous, and is readily
known by its succulent leaves and thoroughly isomerous flowers. — Benth.
Stamens isomerous with the petals. Petals free or scarcely united at the
base. Flowers 4 to 5-merous, small mostly annual herbs 1. Till/ea.
Stamens twice as many as the petals. Petals united nearly to the middle or beyond. Calyx large, shortly 4-fid 2. *Bryophyllum.
1. TILL/EA, Linn.
(In honour of Michael Angelo Tilli, a botanist of Pisa.)
(Bulliarda, DC.)
Sepals, petals, stamens and carpels 8 or 4 each, very rarely (in species not Australian) 5, all distinct. Ripe carpels opening along the inner edge, the seeds often reduced to 1 or 2 in each. — Small, often minute, herbs. Leaves opposite.
Flowers minute, axillary or in a terminal leafy panicle.
The genus has very nearly the extensive geographical range of the Order.
Flowers under 1 line long, axillary. Carpels short and obtuse.
Flowers in dense leafy clusters. Petals shorter than the sepals . . . . 1.2’. verticillnris.
Flowers solitary, mostly pedicellate. Petals as long as or exceeding the
sepals.
Leaves not 2 lines long. Pedicels usually longer. No scales under the
carpels 2. 2'. purpurata.
Leaves often above |in. long. Pedicels rarely as long as the leaves. A
scale under each carpel 3. T. recurva.
1. T. verticillaris (leaves appearing in whorls), DC. Prod. iii. 382 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 451. An annual, when first flowering simple and lin. high, but when old much branched, forming dense tufts of 3 or 4in. diameter, or slender and 4 or Sin. long. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or linear, connate at the base, 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers very small in dense axillary clusters mixed with small leaves, many of them nearly sessile, others on pedicels of 1 or 2 lines. Sepals usually 4, very rarely 5, acute or aristate, about J line long. Petals shorter, narrotv, acute. Carpels without scales, wThen ripe very obtuse, not exceeding the calyx, with 1 or 2 seeds in each. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 145 ; T. pedunculata, Sieb. PL Exs., not of Sm.; T. adscendens and T. colorata, Nees, in PI. Preiss. i. 277.
Hab.: On the Maranoa, Mitchell ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F.v. Mueller ; common.
2. T. purpurata (plant purplish), Hook. f. in Hook. Bond. Journ. vi. 472, and Tasm. FI. i. 145 ; F. v. M. PI. of Viet. ii. t. 19 ; Fragm. vi. 118 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 451. A very slender decumbent annual, of intricate growth, attaining 2 to 4in. in height. Leaves linear, connate at the base, 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers minute, on slender solitary pedicels, mostly longer than the leaves, rarely short. Petals about •§• line long ; sepals shorter, acute or obtuse. Carpels obtuse, not longer than the sepals, often violet, with several seeds.
Hab.: Yandilla, F. Str liver.
Tillcea.)
XLVI. CRASSULACE5L
545
3. T. recurva (styles recurved), Hook.f. FI. Tasrn. i. 146 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 452. A slender plant, densely tufted and 1 or 2in. high in sandy places, lengthening out to 1ft. in water. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, Jin. long or more in the longer specimens, 1 to 2 lines in the smaller ones. Flowers few, small, solitary, on peduncles rarely exceeding the leaves. Sepals about f line long, acuminate. Petals about as long. Carpels acuminate with the recurved styles, with a small cuneate or linear-spathulate scale under each, sometimes half as long as the carpel. Fruit-carpels about as long as the calyx, with 2 or 3 seeds in each. — T. verticillaris, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 295, not of DC.; T. intricata, Nees. in PL Preiss. i. 278.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
2. *BRYOPHYLLUM, Salisb.
(Referring to its habit of forming young plants at the notches
of the leaves.)
Calyx inflated, cylindrical or tetragonous, shortly 4-fid, valyate ; corolla urceolate or subcampanulate, the limb shortly 4-fid, spreading. Stamens 8, in 2 rows, inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, shortly exserted. Scales free or adnate to the carpels. Carpels 4, free or connate at the base, elongate, narrowed into elongated, connivent, exserted styles, with capitellate stigmas ; ovules in each carpel numerous. Follicles 4, many- seeded. — Tall, stout, fleshy herbs, shrubby at the base. Leaves opposite, petiolate, simple, or unequally pinnate, crenate. Flowers rather large, nodding, in many-flowered paniculate cymes, greenish-white or red ; branches of the panicle opposite. — Bentli. and Hook. Gen. PI. i. 658.
A genus of about 4 species, the one naturalised in Queensland common throughout the tropics of the world.
1. B. calycinum (referring to the prominent calyx), Salisb. A short or tall shrub, on the tropical coast sands often attaining 8ft., branching from the base, glabrous throughout, often spotted with dark-purple, and more or less 4-angled. Leaves fleshy, crenate, ovate-orbicular or unequally pinnate, with ovate segments ; the terminal one large, often very large on the tropical plants. Flowers 1J to 2in. long, pendulous. Calyx inflated, 1 to ljin. long, green, striped with purple at the base. Corolla-tube green below, bright reddish-purple in the exserted portion, globose-octagonous at the base, abruptly constricted immediately above, then produced into an elongated 4-angled ventricose tube; limb 4-fid, segments abruptly acuminate, very acute, spreading. Stamens slightly exceeding the corolla-tube. Styles equalling the stamens, erect, filiform. Stigmas sparingly papillose. Squamulae truncate, short, nearly as broad as long, free, or very slightly adhering to the carpels. — Britten, in Oliver FI. Trop. Afri.; Bot. Mag. t. 1400.
Hab.: An African plant naturalised in many parts of Queensland. Not indigenous as stated by Baron Mueller in Viet. Nat. Nov. 1884.
Order XLYII. DROSERACE®.
Calyx free or very shortly adnate to the broad base of the ovary, divided to the base or nearly so, into 4 or 5 or rarely 8 segments or sepals. Petals as many as calyx-segments, hypogynous or slightly perigynous. Stamens as many as petals, or rarely, in genera not Australian, twice as many or more, and inserted with them. Ovary either 6-celled, with 2 to 5 parietal placentas or 1 basal placenta, or 2 or 3-celled, with several ovules to each placenta or cell ; styles either as many
546
XLVII. DROSERACE^.
as placentas, simple or divided to the base so as to appear twice the number, or variously branched, or rarely the styles united into one ; stigmas various, Capsule opening loculicidally, in as many valves as cells or placentas, the valves rarely splitting septicidally. Seeds several, with a reticulate testa, sometimes produced beyond the nucleus into a loose wing ; embryo cylindrical or sometimes minute in a fleshy albumen. — Herbs. Leaves usually ciliate or covered with glandular hairs. Flowers solitary or in one-sided racemes, either simple or forming a branching cyme.
A small Order, found in nearly all parts of the world, the principal genus closely allied to the herbaceous Saxifrages, differing chiefly in the insertion of the petals and stamens, being more generally hypogynous ; the whole group is easily recognised by the almost invariably glandular leaves, involute in vernation. Of the 3 Australian genera, the principal one constitutes nearly the whole Order and ranges over the general area ; of the others one is endemic and very anomalous, the other is met with in Europe, Asia, and Australia. — Bentli. (in part).
Leaves glandular, cauline, or alternate. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 2 to 5, distinct
or shortly united at the base 1. Droskra.
Cauline leaves, whorled, vesicular, glabrous. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 5, with
terminal branching stigmas 2. Aldrovanda.
Leaves more or less glandular. Ovary 2-celled. Style undivided 3. Byblis.
1. DROSERA, Linn.
(From drosos, dew.)
(Sondera, Lehm.)
Calyx-segments 4, 5, or rarely 8. Petals as many. Stamens as many ; anthers opening laterally or outwards in longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 to 5, usually 3, parietal placentas ; styles as many as placentas, simple or variously branched. Capsule opening in as many valves as placentas, with the placentas in their centre. — Herbs. Leaves usually involute in vernation, the lamina more or less covered on the upper side with glandular hairs or cilia and bordered with longer ones, usually irritable and closing over insects or other objects resting on them, the under side and petioles without glandular hairs. Stipules when present scarious and usually lobed or jagged. Flowers solitary or in one-sided racemes or forked cymes, on radical scapes or terminal peduncles.
A large genus, with the extensive geographical range of the Order, and comprising the great majority of its species. Of the Queensland species, several are also in E. India, the Archipelago, and New Zealand.
The Australian species may be readily distributed into the two old-established sections Rorella and Ergaleium, if characterised chiefly by their mode of vegetation. In Rorella the stock or stem, very short and completely covered with the leaves, except in D. indica, forms at its upper end the winter bud for the following year’s vegetation, the lower end dying away either at the close of the season or after having endured several years covered with the old imbricate bases of the leaves, never forming a bulb at the base, but emitting new roots or sometimes stolons immediately under the fresh leaves of the new year. In this section also the styles are usually simple or once branched, very rarely dichotomous, and the stipules are wanting only in 3 species In the second section, Ertjaleium, the short stem-like stock forms usually, perhaps always, at its lower end a bulb, and at the upper end either a rosette of leaves with a leafless scape or leafy stems, which appear to be annually renewed, although in what manner this takes place has not been observed. The stock or stem between the bulb and the rosette has frequently loose ragged remains of leaves or petioles, as if it were partially at least perennial. In this section the styles are always short and very much divided, forming usually a dense tuft on the ovary, and the stipules are either entirely wanting, or, in D. Banksii, small and very evanescent. In both sections, however, and especially in Rorella , there are single excep- tional species, which prevent giving any definite character derived from the single diversities in the styles and other floral characters. Planchon, in his excellent study of the genus, in the “ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,” ser. 3, ix., proposes each of these anomalous species as a distinct section, but that course appears to me not to tend towards clearness of method, but rather to confuse the mind, and I have preferred adopting, with slight modifications, the two old sections, subdividing them more artificially in the following table. — Bentli.
Drosera.\
XL VII. DROSERACEiE.
547
Sect. 1. Rorella. — Stock not bulbous, the upper end perennial. Scapes leafless (except in D. indica). Stipules often present. Styles usually simple or divided into 2 simple branches, or
rarely dichotomous.
No stipules.
Stems elongated. Leaves alternate, linear. Racemes several-flowered.
Styles divided to the base into 2 filiform branches 1. D. indica.
Stems very short. Leaves lanceolate, 3 to 7in. long, ^ to lin. broad.
Flower racemes long. Styles shortly bifid 2. D. Adelce.
Stipules scarious. Leaves radical, rosulate (except in IJ. binata) the stems
or stock dying away below the rosette or rarely persisting and densely covered with the dried remains of the old leaves and stipules.
Scape glabrous, filiform, with 1 minute 4-merous flower. Styles 4, un-
divided 3. D. pygmcea.
Scape filiform, with a short loose almost corymbose raceme of 2 to 4 flowers. Leaves obovate or orbicular.
Scape glandular, with longer white hairs 4. 7). Lovellce.
Scapes attaining several inches. Pedicel very short. Calyx above 1 line long.
Styles. 5, simple, fringed at the stigmatic end 5. D. Burmanni.
Styles 3 or 4, divided to the base into 2 branches, entire or forked at
the end 6. D. spathulata.
Racemes, especially the calyxes, softly villous. Styles 3, dichotomous.
Leaves orbicular, the petioles long, woolly-hairy as well as the stipules . 7-. Z>. petiolaris.
Scape tall, with a loose cyme. Leaves linear, forked or dichotomous.
Styles divided into a dense tuft of numerous lobes 8. D. binata.
Sect. II. Erg’aleium.— Stock short, slender, stem-like, naked or with rayyed remains of old petioles, forming (usually if not ahcays) a bulb at the lower end and producing at the upper end a rosette of leaves and leafless scapes, or leafy stems or branches. Stipules none (or in D. Banksii small and evanescent). Styles dichotomous oi • divided into very numerous filiform branches, forming a dense tuft.
(Nearly all the species of this section dye the paper in which they are preserved a rich carmine or purple colour.)
Rootstock terminating in a single or branched leafy flowering stem. Lower leaves reduced to short linear-subulate or linear-lanceolate scales or (in the first 2 species) rosulate and not peltate. Stem-leaves peltate, on filiform petioles, often clustered in the axils.
Stem-leaves linear-peltate, i.e. broadly crescent-shaped or at least with 2 prominent angles. Lower leaves, when present, rosulate, not peltate.
Racemes simple, the pedicels all short.
Sepals entire, glabrous. Seeds narrow-linear 9. Z). auriculata.
Sepals toothed, villous or nearly glabrous. Seeds ovoid 10. D. peltata.
Stem-leaves orbicular-peltate, without angles, the lower ones not rosulate, often reduced to narrow acute scales. Flowers few, small, in a simple raceme, lower pedicels short. Stipules often to the upper leaves. Styles not much divided 11. D. Banksii.
1. B. indica (first met with in India), Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 319 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 456. Leafy stems, from a few inches to 1 or nearly 2ft. long. Leaves linear, acuminate, often several inches long, fringed with the glandular cilite of the genus, either quite to the base or leaving a short glabrous petiole, often half stem-clasping, but not sheathing. Stipules none. Flowers in loose, lateral, often leaf-opposed racemes, short and few-flowered, or long with more numerous flowers, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Pedicels longer than the calyx. Sepals narrow, about \\ line long in flower, 2 lines in fruit. Anthers oblong- linear. Styles 8, divided to the base, each into 2 filiform branches, dilated and
stigmatic on the inner side at the end. Seeds obovoid, with a close testa.
Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 204 ; Wight, 111. t. 20 C.; F. v. M. PI. Viet, i. 58 ; P. serpens, Planch, l.c.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Shoalwater Bay and Keppel Bay. II. Brown ; Lizard Island (plants small) ; Endeavour River, It. Brown, A. Cunningham ; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Rockhampton, Tliozet ; Broadsound, Bowman ; and many other localities both north and south.
Common in F.ast India and the Archipelago, extending as far as Amoy, in China, and also in vari us parts of tropical Africa. The Ausiralian specimens are usually larger, with longer racemes and larger flowers than the Indian ones, but not always so, and there is no other difference. — Benth.
548
XL VII. DROSERACE.E.
[Dr oxer a.
2. D. Adelae (after Adelre de L’Arbre), F. r. M. Fraym. iv. 154, t. 33. A soft hairy plant. Roots fibrous, the fibrils woolly-villous ; stems short or almost wanting. Stipules only a few lines long, brownish, semilanceolate, scarious. Leaves elongate-lanceolate, tapering to very short petioles, 3 to 7in. long, A to lin. broad, margins copiously glandular-pilose, underside nearly glabrous, lateral nerves widely spreading and much branched. Peduncles with raceme from a few to 9in. long, nearly the whole inflorescence very softly hairy with crispate hoary fulvous hairs. Bracteoles linear-setaceous, 1 to 2 lines long, sometimes forked. Pedicels slender, 4 to 5 lines long. Calyx glabrous, deeply 5-partite ; segments lanceolate, about 1A line long. Petals acute-lanceolate, about 2 lines long. Stamens 5, hypogynous ; filaments very short, subcuneate. Anthers yellow ; cells minute, opening longitudinally, broad and curved-ellipsoid. Styles 3, very shortly bifid, glabrous, stigmas minute, divergently bilobed. Capsule small, membranous, scarcely 1 line high, prominently 3-valved. Seeds not very numerous at maturity, subglobose, umbonate, black, A line diameter, foveolate- clathrate. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.)
3. D. pygmaea (dwarfish), DC. Prod. i. 317 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 457. A minute species, said to be annual, but evidently forming a hibernating bud in the centre of the rosette, like the other species of the section. Leaves rosulate, orbi- cular, A to nearly 1 line diameter, on slender petioles, forming tufts of about Ain. diameter. Stipules scarious, deeply lobed. Scapes glabrous, filiform, A to nearly lin. long, bearing a single minute terminal flower. Sepals 4, about ± line long in flower, nearly 1 line in fruit. Petals rather larger. Styles 4, slightly club- shaped and stigmatic at the end. Capsule 4-valved. Seeds few, rather large in proportion, ovoid. — Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 289 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 29 ; F. v. M. PL Viet. i. 56.
Hab.: Fraser’s Island, Hon. Miss Lovell.
4. D. Lovellae (after Hon. Miss S. Lovell), Bail. Bot. Bull. vii. A small deep- red plant. Leaves rosulate, spathulate, 3 lines long, and about lj line broad at the end, from whence it narrows to a broad flat petiole, the lamina bearing near the margin a deep- red fringe wThich does not extend to the petiole, which is glabrous. Stipules scarious, deeply cut into narrow lobes. Scapes 1 to lAin. high, reddish, slightly glandular, with a few longer white hairs, flattened and with a longitudinal centre groove, bearing at the end 3 flowers on short pedicels. Sepals tinted with red, about f line long. Petals white, about line long ; the stamens only about half that length. Anthers nearly globular. Styles 4, slightly club-shaped and stigmatic at the end as in D. pygnuea. Capsule 4-valved, but only an old one seen.
Hab.: Fraser’s Island, Hon. Miss S. Lovell.
5. D. Burmanni (after N. L. Burmann), Yald ; DC. Prod. i. 318 ; Bentlu FI. Austr. ii. 459. Leaves all radical, rosulate, obovate-spathulate, about 3 or 4 lines diameter, narrowed into a petiole not so long. Stipules scarious, cut into narrow lobes, not so long as the petiole. Scapes solitary or 2 or 3 from the same tuft, slender, attaining 5 or 6in. and rarely under 3in. long, the upper portion occupied by a slender 1 -sided raceme of several flowers. Pedicels short. Sepals glabrous, 1A to 2 lines long. Anthers small. Styles 5, undivided, filiform, not branched but slightly dilated and fringed towards the end. — Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 190 ; Wight, Ic. t. 944.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller; Lizard Island; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Rockhampton, P. O’Slianesy ; common north and south.
The species is widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago, extending to S. China Without examining the styles, it is very difficult to distinguish it from D. spathulata. — Benth.
Drosera.]
XLVII. DROSERACE^h
549
6. D. spathulata (leaves spoon-shaped), Labill. PI. Nov. Roll. i. 79, t. 106, f. 1 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 459. A stemless species, not very easy to distinguish from the coarser specimens of D. Burmanni without examining the styles. Leaves rosulate, obovate or spathulate, not usually so broad as in D. Burmanni, and often ^in. long, sometimes oblong-spathulate and narrowed into a rather long petiole. Stipules scarious, cut into narrow lobes. Scapes usually 3 to 6in. high, including the simple or rarely forked 1-sided raceme. Pedicels short, glabrous as well as the calyx or minutely glandular-pubescent. Sepals about line long, often united at the base. Petals pink, red or white, as long as or rather exceeding the calyx. Anthers oblong. Styles 8 or rarely 4, but divided to tbe base into 2 branches either entire and filiform or slightly dilated, emarginate or shortly forked at the end. Seeds numerous, small. — DC. Prod. i. 318 ; Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 193 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 29 ; Dot. Mag. t. 5240 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 66.
Hab.: From the southern border to Rockingham Bay.
The species is also in New Zealand. Some specimens of Cuming’s, from the Philippine Islands, are also referred to it by Planchon, and do not in fact appear at all different. They are, however, probably the same as the S. Chinese D. Loureiri, Hook, and Arn. Bot. Beech. 167, t. 31; Benth. FI. Hongk. 130, which must in that ease be united with D. spathulata. Among the Australian specimens there appear to be two slightly different forms, one with larger deeper-coloured flowers, and the style-branches usually dilated and emarginate at the end, the other more slender, with paler and smaller flowers, the style-branches divided some way down into two slender forks.- — Benth.
7. D. petiolaris (having prominent petioles), Pt. By. in DC. Prod. i. 318 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 460. Stock short, densely tufted, with long silky or rusty hairs covering the persistent bases of the old leaves and stipules. Leaves rosulate, orbicular or broadly obovate, rarely above 2 lines diameter, on a rather broad petiole of \ to lin. in the ordinary form, the under side of the lamina and the petiole clothed with long silky hairs. Stipules scarious but not prominent. Scapes in the largest specimens 1ft. high but usually about half that, including the rather loose, often long, 1 -sided raceme, the calyx, pedicels and rhachis more or less villous with soft silky or velvety hairs. Pedicels rather shorter than the calyx, often reflexed. Sepals above 1 line long in flower, 2 lines in fruit. Petals broad, purple, rather large. Anthers small. Styles 3, repeatedly dichotomous, the last branches short and stigmatic. — D. fulra, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 289.
(Jab.: Islands of tbe Gulf of Carpentaria, li. Brown; Russell, Norman and Gilbert Rivers ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, R. Brown.
Banks’ specimens are remarkable for their petiole 1 to 2in. long and less dilated, with a lamina of 1 to 2 lines diameter, which induced Planchon to consider them as belonging to a distinct species; but R. Brown’s carefully-selected series of specimens show every gradation from the longest to the shortest petioles. — Benth.
Planchon describes the styles of this species as twice-bifid ; I find them 3 or 4 times bifid. It is, however, exceedingly difficult to trace their ramifications from dried specimens. In the bud they form a dense mass which requires great care in unfolding, and after flowering they are so mixed in the withered petals that it is almost impossible to extract them whole. The leaves are, as observed by Planchon (l.c. 289, 290) not peltate, and the association of the species with the very dissimilar D. Banksii into one section (Lasiocephalnm), proposed by Planchon (l.c. 94), and founded partly on this character, can scarcely be admitted.— Benth.
8. D. binata (leaflets usually in twos), Lahill. PI. Nov. Hull. i. 78, t. 105 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 461. Stock small, appearing sometimes to emit creeping stolons. Leaves radical, on long petioles, the lamina divided to the base into 2 long linear lobes, sometimes again once or twice forked, and often 2 or 3in. long, elegantly fringed by the glandular cilia of the genus, glabrous underneath as well as the petioles. Stipules short, broad, brown and scarious, slightly jagged. Scapes exceeding the leaves, often 1 to l|ft. high, bearing a loose cyme of large white flowers, consisting usually of 2 or 8 racemose branches, rarely reduced to a short simple raceme. Sepals about ^in. long. Petals twice as long. Styles
550
XLVII. DRORERACE.E.
[ Drosera .
usually 3, divided into numerous dichotomous lobes, some very short, others longer, clavate or forked at the stigmatic end. Capsule globular. Seeds very numerous, small and linear. — DC. Prod. i. 319 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3082 ; Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 206 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 29 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 59 ; D. pedatn, Pers. Syn. i. 337 ; DC. Prod. i. 319 ; D. dichotoma, Sm. in Rees’ Cyclop, xii.
Hab.: Common in the coastal swamps of south Queensland.
The species is also in New Zealand. The Port Jackson specimens have the leaves usually dichotomous, in the southern ones they are more frequently ‘2-lobed only ; but these differences are by no means constant, and the two forms occur sometimes on the same specimen. — Benth.
9. D. auriculata (auriculate), Backh.: Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 295 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 465. Bulbous, with a slender stock. Leafy stem erect, simple or slightly branched, ^ to ljft. high, glabrous. Lower leaves at the summit of the stock either all reduced to short linear scales or forming a small rosette, with orbicular almost reniform or peltate laminte and short petioles. Stem -leaves scattered, peltate, broadly crescent-shaped or at least truncate on one side, the 2 angles more or less produced into glandular-ciliate appendages, the petiole filiform. Flowers several, white, in a terminal simple raceme. Pedicels at length exceeding the calyx, the lower ones not much longer than the others. Sepals attaining 2 lines or rather more in fruit, glabrous, entire or scarcely glandular-toothed. Styles divided from a little below the middle into a dense tuft of short dichotomous linear lobes. Seeds very numerous, narrow-linear, the loose testa extending beyond the nucleus at one or both ends. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 30; F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 61.
Hab.: Southern Queensland. Flowering in March.
Also in New Zealand. This species scarcely differs, except in the seed, from those forms of D. peltata which have nearly glabrous sepals. — Benth.
10. D. peltata (leaves peltate), Sm. in Willd. Spec. PI. i. 1546 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 465. Bulbous, with a slender rootstock. Leafy stem erect or flexuose, ^ to l^ft. high. Lower leaves at the summit of the rootstock usually rosulate, orbicular or reniform, not peltate, 2 to 3 lines diameter, on a broad petiole often longer than the lamina ; stem-leaves peltate, semiorbicular or broadly crescent-shaped, on slender or filiform petioles. Flowers white, in loose simple racemes. Pedicels usually exceeding the calyx. Sepals attaining about 2 lines, or more in the large-flowered specimens, ciliate- toothed, and more or less clothed with rather long soft hairs. Styles short, densely dichotomous from below the middle, the ultimate branches shortly linear-clavate. Seeds very numerous, small, ovoid or globular, the testa not produced beyond the nucleus. — Sm. Exot. Bot. i. 79, t. 41 ; DC. Prod. i. 319 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 30 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet, i. 60 ; D. petiolaris, Sieb. PI. Exs. (which includes also D. auriculata) ; D. lunata, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 54, and probably also Hamilt. (Buchan.) in DC. Prod. i. 319.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
Var. gracilis. Stems slender. Flowers much smaller. — D. gracilis, Hook. f. in Planch. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 297, and FI. Tasm. i. 30, t. 5. This form is represented by Labillardifere, PI. Nov. Holl. t. 106, f. 2.
Yar. foliosa. Short and stout, with larger leaves and fewer flowers. — I), foliosa, Hook. f. in Planch. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 298, and FI. Tasm. i. 30, t. 6.
The species appears to extend over E. India and the Archipelago to S. China, for I can find no character whatever to distinguish the common D. lunata, Ham , of that country. The rosulate leaves are indeed less frequently present at the time of flowering, but are to be found in some specimens, and are not always constant in the Australian ones. The sepals and styles are the same in both.— Benth.
11. D. Banksii (after Sir Joseph Banks), R. Br. in DC. Prod. i. 319 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 469. Stem filiform, leafy, glabrous, 2 to 4in. long, very slender at the base, but possibly forming a bulb as in the preceding species. Leaves all scattered, peltate, orbicular, on slender petioles, the lower ones with a
Drosera.]
XLYII. DROSERACE^E.
551
lamina of line diameter, on a petiole of 1 to 2 lines, the upper ones twice as large or rather more. Stipules to some of the upper leaves very thin, narrow, scarious and deciduous. Flowers few, small, in a simple raceme like the smaller specimens of D. peltata. Pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Sepals villous, 1 to 1^ line long. Petals spreading, longer than the calyx. Styles 3, divided to the base into 2 deeply 3-fid branches. — Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 291.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.
2. ALDROVANDA, Linn.
(After Ulysses Aldrovandus.)
Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, hypogynous, connivent in a cap. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 5, with terminal branching stigmas; ovules numerous, on 5 parietal placentas. Capsule globose, 5-valved. Seeds numerous, broad, oblong, testa black, shining. — A weak succulent diaphanous glabrous floating herb in water. Stems articulate, with whorls of spathulate-orbicular leaves at the nodes, the laminte li to 3 lines diameter, contorted, bladdery. Flowers pedunculate, axillary, solitary. — S. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 425.
A genus of a single species found growing in still water in central Europe and East India> besides Queensland.
1. A. vesiculosa (bladdery), Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 319. A swimming and submerged glabrous plant, stems elongate, branching. Leaves verticillate, 6 to 9 in a whorl, inflated at the end so as to form a vesicle. Petiole flat with 4 or 5 bristles at the extremity. Flowers white, solitary on a long slender axillary peduncle.
Hab.: Swamps about Rockhampton, P. O’Shanesy (F. v. M. Fragm. x. 79).
3. BYBLIS, Salisb.
(After Byblys, the daughter of Miletus.)
Calyx-segments or sepals 5. Petals 5, broad, oblique, united in a ring at the base, contorted-imbricate. Stamens 5, hypogynous, often declinate ; anthers attached by the base, opening at the end in oblong pores or short slits. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell attached to the dissepiment ; style undivided, with a terminal oblong or capitate stigma. Capsule somewhat com- pressed, 2-celled, opening in 2 valves, bearing the dissepiment in their centre. Seeds oblong, albuminous. Herbs, more or less glandular-pubescent. Leaves linear-subulate, involute in vernation, without stipules. Peduncles axillary, bearing a single blue flower.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is very anomalous in the Order, with which it is chiefly connected by the glandular pubescence and the leaves involute in vernation. The flowers, especially those of B. gigantea (W. Australian species), have a remarkable resemblance in structure to those of Cheiranthera in Pittosporea. — Benth.
1. B. liniflora (Flax-flowered), Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 95 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 470. Glabrous or viscid with a glandular pubescence, sometimes copiously so. Stems slender, rarely Gin. high and often only 2 or Sin. Leaves filiform, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles slender, usually exceeding the leaves. Sepals lanceolate, acute, 2 to 3 lines long. Anthers varying from f line to 1), line in
Part II. Q
55 2
XLVII. DROSERACEJE.
[ Byblit.
length, the filaments longest where the anthers are shortest. — DC. Prod. i. 819 ; Erull. Iconogr. t. 118 (incorrect as to the anthers) ; B. Jilifolia, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 8, ix. 305.
Hub.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Shoalwater Bay, II Brown ; Port Denison, Herb. F. Mueller; Walsh River, T. Bar clay -Millar ; Cape River, E. Bowman; Rockingham Bay, W. E. Armit.
B. ccerulea , Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. 30G, is founded on Bauer’s drawing published by Endlicher of R. Brown’s specimens, in which the short anthers are represented as attached by the middle of the back, and Planchon thought he recognised these anthers in the specimen glued down in the Banksian herbarium. The excellent specimens in Brown’s own herbarium show, however, that this is a mistake. The anthers are often as short as figured by Bauer, sometimes as long as figured by Salisbury, but always attached by the base, and varying much in intermediate lengths in different specimens. Benth.
Order XLYIII. HALORAGE,®.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 2, 4 or none, or rarely 3. Petals 2, 4 or none, valvate induplicate or slightly imbricate. Stamens 2 to 8, rarely 1 or 3; filaments short ; anthers erect, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, flattened or angular, either 2 or 3 or rarely 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, or 1-celled with 1 to 4 pendulous ovules ; styles as many as ovules, quite distinct, with papillose or plumose stigmas. Fruit inferior, small, inde- hiscent, with 1 to 4 cells and seeds or divisible into 2 to 4 1 -seeded indehiscent carpels. Seeds pendulous, with a membranous testa ; embryo cylindrical, in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; radicle long, superior ; cotyledons small. — Herbs, often aquatic, or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, whorled or alternate, without stipules. Flowers small, often unisexual or incomplete, axillary or rarely in terminal corymbs racemes or panicles.
The Order is dispersed over nearly the whole globe. All three Queensland genera have a wide range.
A. True Halorageae. — Flowers with petals, at least in the males, answering to the ordinal characters given above.
Petals, at least in the males, induplicate, keeled. Fruit a nut-like or rarely spongy, undivided drupe. Flowers solitary or clustered within each bract, along the rhachis of simple or paniculate terminal racemes. Flowers 3 or
4-merous 1. Haloragis.
Petals in the males imbricate. Fruit separable into 2 or 4 nut-like carpels.
Aquatic or mud plants 2. Myriophyllum.
B. Anomalous genera of a very reduced type allied to Haloragese, but often referred to Monoehlamydese. Flowers unisexual.
Perianth none. Flowers with or without 2 bracteoles. Stamen 1. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Styles 2. Aquatic or mud plant, with opposite entire leaves 3. Callitriche.
1. HALORAGIS, Forst.
(From halo, the sea, and rax, a grape-stone.)
(Cercodia, Murr.; Goniocarpus, Korn.)
Calyx-tube or ovary with as many or twice as many nerves as lobes, those alternating with the lobes occasionally expanded into angles or wings ; lobes 4, rarely 3 or abnormally 5, short. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, induplicate and boat-shaped or hood-shaped, deciduous, often wanting in female flowers. Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, those opposite the petals and enclosed in them always present in complete or male flowers, one or more of the alternate ones occasionally wanting, and female flowers usually without any ; anthers oblong or linear, deciduous ; filaments short. Ovary 2 to 4 or rarely 5-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; styles short and thick, stigmatic at the top,
Haloragis.]
XLVIIL HALORAGEiE.
553
often plumose in the female flowers. Fruit a small 2 to 4 or rarely 5-celled drupe or nut, the adnate calyx either smooth or variously ribbed, angled, winged, or muricate. — Herbs or undershrubs, glabrous, scabrous or hispid. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire toothed or lobed. Flowers small, solitary or several together in the axils of the floral leaves or bracts, forming leafy or leafless racemes, either simple or in a branching terminal panicle. Pedicels usually very short, with 2 small opposite often deciduous bracteoles under the flower.
The genus is chiefly Australian, but a few species are also found in New Zealand, in Eastern Asia, in S. Africa, and extratropical S. America. The characters derived from the ribs and wings of the fruit, upon which the genus had been divided into three, are either too little in accordance with other distinctions, or too variable in certain species, to be available even as sectional. Most of the species are monoecious, the female flowers variously mixed in with the males, and although I have frequently had specimens with the flowers all of one or the other kind, I have not been able to ascertain that any species is constantly dioecious. The males have never plumose stigmas, but I always find small obtuse styles and their corresponding ovules, which appear often to come to perfection. The females have usually smaller petals or none at all, fewer stamens or none or filiform filaments only. As the differences between the two are probably the same in nearly all the species, I have not alluded to them . in the specific characters. — Benth.
Series 1. Alternifoli®. — Leaves all alternate or rarely here and there irregularly opposite, or (in some specimens of H. ceratophylla) a few of the lower ones, or those of barren shoots only, opposite.
Glabrous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, remotely denticulate. Fruit winged . 1. H. Gossei.
Leaves narrow-linear, entire. Densely hirsute. Fruit ovoid, muricate . . 2. H. elata.
Glabrous or scabrous. Styles and ovules 4. Leaves nearly sessile. Flowers
mostly solitary. Fruit ovoid-globular, often muricate, not angled . . . 3 . H. ceratophylla.
Series 2. Oppositifolire. — Stem-leaves all opposite or rarely the uppermost alternate Floral-leaves or bracts alternate or rarely the lowest opposite.
Styles and ovules 4.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, lanceolate or oblong, serrate. Flowers mostly clustered.
Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblong. Fruit ovoid, not inflated, terete
or 4-winged 4. H. alata.
Leaves 2in long, 4 to 6 lines broad. Fruit large, 4-celled, pericarp
spongy 5 . H. Bauerlenii.
Leaves nearly sessile. Flowers solitary, or rarely 2 together (clustered in H. stricta).
Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate or orbicular. Flowers minute, in
filiform leafless panicles 6. H. micrantha.
Scabrous or hirsute.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or with small distant teeth . 7. H. stricta.
Lower leaves divided into narrow linear lobes. Lobes above the
middle of the leaf almost digitate 8 . H. heterophylla.
Leaves broadly toothed or crenate.
Leaves oblong, often lin. long. Fruit small, narrow. Bracts
minute 9 . H.acantliocarpa.
Leaves ovate or oblong, under £in. long, narrowed at the base.
Fruit small, nearly globular. Upper bracts minute 10. H. tetragyna.
Leaves broadly ovate, rounded or cordate at the base. Fruit
globular. Bracts exceeding the flower 11. H. teucrioides.
Series 3. Oppositiflorac. — Floral leaves and flowers all or nearly all opposite, as well as the stem leaves. Flowers solitary in each axil.
Minutely scabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, small, entire, or
slightly toothed 12. H. depressa.
1. H. Gossei (after — Gosse), F. v. ill. Fragm. viii. 161 and xi. 134. An erect glabrous plant. Leaves scattered, narrow-lanceolate, remotely denticulate or here and there laciniate ; the lower ones about lin. long, the upper ones gradually shortening, mostly narrowing to a petiole. Flowers (female) axillary, solitary or in twos or threes. Calyx 3-lobed, rhomboid-ovate, at length broad- renate, rhombiform. Petals none or very fugacious, (male) on short pedicels, 3-cymbiform, almost 1 line long, not mucronulate. Sepals 3, cordate-rhombiform.
554
XLVIII. HALORAGEiE.
[Haloragis.
Stamens 6 ; filaments very short. Anthers oblong-linear, pale yellow, slightly shorter than the petals. Fruit 3-celled, wings (yellowish) 2 to 4 lines long, f to 1A line broad, rounded at the extremities. Seeds almost cylindric, solitary in each cell.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller, without a locality.
2. H. elata (tall), A. Cunn.; Fenzl, in Huey. Enum. 45 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 476. Rather coarse, with erect or ascending branches, £ to lift, high, hirsute with spreading hairs. Leaves alternate, or a few very rarely irregularly opposite, linear, acutely acuminate, £ to lin. long, with revolute margins, entire or rarely with a few short teeth, the floral ones smaller but mostly exceeding the flowers. Flowers solitary, not very small, in terminal racemes, forming a narrow leafy panicle. Calyx hirsute, the lobes not cordate. Petals 4, ciliate on the keel. Stamens usually 8. Styles and ovules 4. Fruit small, ovoid, prominently muricate. — Schlecht. Linntea, xx. 648.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller.
3. H. ceratophylla (leaves horn-like), Endl. Atakta, 16, t. 15; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 478. Glabrous and glaucous or scabrous, with minute rigid hairs, rather coarse but not usually tall, the decumbent or ascending angular stems rarely exceeding 1ft. Leaves alternate or rarely a few of the lower ones or those of barren side-shoots opposite, either linear or linear-lanceolate with coarse distant teeth or lobes, or shortly pinnatifid, or sometimes nearly all entire, linear- oblong and obtuse, usually rather thick, with very scabrous margins, from J to l|in. long, the floral ones gradually reduced to small bracts. Flowers nearly sessile, solitary or 2 together, usually much larger than in H. tctragyna and H. heterophylla, in long terminal racemes leafy at the base. Calyx-lobes lanceolate- triangular. Petals 4, about 1 line long, the keel scabrous-hirsute. Stamens usually 8. Styles and ovules 4 . Fruit ovoid or globular, much larger than in H. tetragyna, scarcely ribbed but sometimes very rugose or muricate. — H. aspera, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 306 ; H. pinnatifida, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 119, but not of A. Gray.
Hab.: Brisbane River ; Rockhampton, Dalluchy ; Warwick, Beckler ; St. George, Jos. Wedd.
I have not seen authentic specimens of Endlicher’s plant, but the figure appears to me to represent this species rather than H. lieterophylla, which is also in R. Brown’s collection, and of which some coarse specimens, not well in flower, resemble the more slender ones of H. ceratophylla. — Benth.
4. H. alata (fruit sometimes winged), Jacq. Ic. PI. Piar. i. 7, t. 69 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 479. A tall erect species, apparently glabrous, but scabrous with minute asperities only visible under a lens, the branches acutely angular. Stem- leaves opposite, distinctly petiolate, from ovate-lanceolate to oblong, f to 1-J-in. long, or the lower ones sometimes twice that size, regularly and sharply serrate, the floral ones mostly alternate and small. Flowers shortly pedicellate, clustered and drooping, forming terminal racemes leafy at the base. Calyx-lobes broad. Petals 4, about 1 line long, glabrous. Stamens 8. Styles and ovules 4. Fruit rather small, globular or ovoid, with 4 ribs scarcely prominent in most of the Australian specimens, smooth or rugose between the ribs. — Hook. f. FI. N.Z. i. 62 ; Cercodia erecta, Murr.; D.C. Prod. iii. 67.
Hab.: Brisbane River.
Also in New Zealand and in the island of Juan Fernandez. — Benth.
5. H. Bauerlenii (after W. Bauerlen), F. v. M. Trans. Pioy. Soc. Viet. xxiv. 133. A tall shrub with glabrous spreading branches, the smaller ones quadrangular and of a reddish tinge. Leaves opposite, attaining 2in. in length and 4 to 6 lines in breadth, flat, gradually narrowed into an acute apex,
Ilalorayis. J
XLVIII. HALORAGEjE.
555
on some shoots pinnatilobed. Pedicels axillary, solitary or perhaps racemose when near the ends of the branches, 2 of the calyx-lobes deltoid, the 2 others dilated, or truncate-rhomboid ; tube when fruit-bearing expanded into 4 broadish conspicuously veined membranes, of these on each side of the somewhat com- pressed tube 2 approximated. Styles 4, very short ; stigmas beardless. Fruit rather large, 4-celled ; pericarp spongy.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller.
6. H. micrantha (small-flowered), R. Brown in Flind. Toy. App. 550 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 482. Glabrous or slightly scabrous, much branched and diffuse or slender and erect, usually under 6in. high, but when very luxuriant twice that height, the greater part occupied by the panicle. Stem-leaves opposite, orbicular-cordate or very broadly ovate, serrate-crenate, 3 to 4 lines or rarely Jin. diameter, the floral ones reduced to minute alternate bracts. Racemes filiform, in a loose terminal panicle. Flowers minute, solitary. Calyx-lobes short, not cordate. Petals 4, about J line long. Styles and ovules 4. Fruit small, nearly globular, prominently 8-nerved, otherwise smooth and shining.— Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 121 ; H. tenella, Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 68 B ; Goniocarpus micrantlius, Thunb.; DC. Prod. iii. 66; G. microcarpus, Thib.; DC. Prod. iii. 66 (from the diagnosis).
Hab.: Common in southern Queensland.
Also in New Zealand, Khasia, and Japan. — Benth.
7. H. Stricta (straight — plant erect), B. Br. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 482. Erect, rigid but slender, rather tall, nearly glabrous in appearance but very scabrous. Stem-leaves opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or with small distant teeth, the larger ones 1 to 2in. long, the floral ones alternate, mostly reduced to small bracts. Flowers clustered within each bract, shortly pedicellate, forming slender terminal racemes leafy at the base. Calyx-lobes small, acute. Petals 4, about 1 line long. Stamens 8. Styles and ovules (according to R. Brown’s notes) 4. Fruit small, but not seen ripe.
Hab.: Broadsound, it. Brown (Herb. R. Br.) ; Rockingham Bay.
8. H. heterophylla (various-leaved), Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 68 A ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 483. A rather slender species, usually small but sometimes 1ft. high, glabrous or minutely scabrous, with erect or ascending stems. Stem-leaves all or mostly opposite, deeply divided above the middle into 3, 5 or 7 linear or rarely lanceolate acute lobes almost digitate ; a few of the upper ones often alternate linear entire or nearly so, the floral ones smaller, the uppermost reduced to small bracts. Flowers like those of H. tetragyna, small, solitary or 2 together within each bract, in slender terminal leafy racemes. Calyx scabrous, with short lobes. Petals 4, in the males oblong, boat-shaped, about 1 line long, present also in some of the females, but shorter and hood -shaped. Styles and ovules 4. Fruit small, globular or nearly so, tubercular-rugose.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; Warwick, Beckler ; and many other localities in south Queensland.
Generally speaking, this species is readily distinguished from H. ceratophylla by its slender habit, opposite stem-leaves only divided above the middle, and by the small flowers of H. tetragyna; but some specimens, mostly in an imperfect state, appear almost to connect the two. — Benth.
9. H. acanthocarpa (fruit spiny), Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. t. 70 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 483. Stems decumbent or erect, 1 to 2ft. long, scabrous-hirsute as well as the leaves. Stem-leaves opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate, oblong or broadly lanceolate, or sometimes broad-ovate, obtuse, mostly f to Hin. long, regularly and acutely serrate as in H. alata, rounded at the base. Flowers very small, alternate along the filiform branches of a long loose terminal panicle, with
556
XLVIII. HALORAGE^L
[Haloragis.
small leaves at the base of the primary branches, the others reduced to small bracts. Calyx-lobes short. Petals 4, glabrous, rather above f line long. Stamens 8. Styles and ovules 4. Fruit nearly 1 line long, narrow-oblong, muricate with 2 or 8 transverse rows of tubercles, crowned by the small smooth calyx-limb. — H. lepthotheca, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 32, viii. 162.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Broivn ; Gould Island, M‘Gillivray ; Kockingham Bay, J. Dallachy.
10. H. tetragyna (four styles), Hook. f. FI. Nov. Zel. i. 63, and FI. Tasm.
i. 120 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 484. Rootstock apparently perennial, more or less scabrous with appressed hairs ; stems branching, diffuse decumbent or ascending, sometimes all under 6in., rarely above 1ft. long. Stem-leaves all or mostly opposite, linear-lanceolate, elliptical or the lower ones ovate, rarely above fin. long, except in tall luxuriant forms, not cordate, and usually narrowed at the base ; the floral ones all or almost all alternate and mostly reduced to small bracts shorter than the flowers. Flowers small, nearly sessile, solitary within each bract, in slender usually one-sided terminal racemes, often branching into narrow panicles. Calyx-tube not f line long. Petals in the males rather above 1 line long, smaller or none in the females. Stamens 8. Styles and ovules 4. Fruits nearly globular, 4-angled, transversely rugose, attaining about f line diameter.— F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 26 ; Goniocarpus tetragynus, Labill. PL Nov. Holl. i. 39, t. 53 ; DC. Prod. iii. 66; Haloragis gonocarpus, Spreng. Syst. ii. 261 ; Goniocarpus tenellus, DC. Prod. iii. 66.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; many southern localities.
Var. glabrescens. This western plant differs from the several other forms in beiDg nearly or quite glabrous. The stem-angles are smooth ; the leaves large, bordered by distant prominent teeth and serrulate between them. The flowers are larger than in other forms. Hab.: Dan- River, C. W. de Burgh Birch ; Diamantina, Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft ; Georgina.
Var. micrantha. Leaves longer than in the southern specimens, and mostly lanceolate ; racemes more slender and more branching, flowers nearly as small as in H. micrantha. To this belong most of the northern specimens, and Goniocarpus scaber, Keen. (Haloragis scabra, Benth. FI. Hongk. 139), from Khasia, the Indian Archipelago, and China, appears not to be specifically distinct. Hab.: Stanthorpe.
Var. hispida. More hirsute. Flowers small. Leaves rather broad, but all narrowed at the base.
The southern form of the species is also in New Zealand.
11. H. teucrioides (Teucrium-like), A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 625 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 484. A perennial, usually much coarser than H. tetragyna, scabrous-pubescent or hispid with decumbent or erect stems often 1 to 2ft. long. Stem-leaves opposite, ovate or orbicular, deeply and acutely serrate, rounded or cordate at the base, the larger ones fin., but mostly not above fin. long and broad. Flowers rather larger than in H. tetragyna, solitary under each bract, the lower ones often opposite, the upper ones alternate, forming much shorter racemes and a much more leafy panicle than H. tetragyna, all the bracts usually exceeding the flowers. Fruit of H. tetragyna, but the angles usually tuberculate and smoother between them. — Goniocarpus teucrioides, DC. Prod. iii. 66 ; H. elata, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 475, not of A. Cunn.; H. Gunnii, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 120.
Hab.. Southern Queensland ; not common.
12. H. depressa (depressed growth), Walp. Rep. ii. 99 ; Benth. FI. Austr.
ii. 485. A small species, diffuse or prostrate, very much branched, glabrous in appearance, but scabrous with minute asperities. Leaves all opposite, ovate, often cordate, usually broad, under fin. and often not fin. long, the upper floral ones gradually smaller, but all opposite or very rarely the upper ones of side-
Haloragis.]
XLVIII. HALORAGE/E.
55 ?
branches alternate. Flowers almost sessile, forming short interrupted terminal racemes, and similar to those of the smaller forms of H. tetragyna, except that the calyx-tube and fruit are smooth and shining, with 4 or 8 prominent nerves, not tuberculate. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 120.
Hab.: Southern Queensland.
Also in New Zealand.
There are two forms of this species : 1. serpyllifolia. Leaves mostly under 3 lines long and rather narrow. — Goniocarpus serpyllifolius and G. vernicosus. Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 290 and 311, H. serpyllifolia and H. vernicosa, Walp. Rep. ii. 90 ; — and 2. Montana. Leaves broader, often cordate, 3 to 5 lines long. — H. Montana , Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 475, united with H. depressa in FI. Tasm. i. 120. — Benth.
2. MYRIOPHYLLUM, Linn.
(From my Has, a myriad, and phyllon, a leaf.)
Flowers mostly unisexual. Male flower : Calyx-tube very short or scarcely any, lobes short, petal-like or scarcely any. Petals 4, concave, imbricate or half induplicate. Stamens 4, 6 or 8. Styles minute and rudimentary, without any ovules. Female flower : Calyx-tube ovoid, lobes minute or none. Petals usually none. Ovary 2 or 4-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell ; styles as many as ovules, usually short and stigmatic from the base, often plumose. Fruit small, usually furrowed between the 2 or 4 carpels, which at length separate into as many small 1 -seeded nuts. Aquatic herbs, the lower leaves when submerged often pinnately divided into capillary lobes ; those of the flowering extremities usually less divided or entire. Flowers very small, in the axils of the exserted flowering leaves or rarely also or entirely in the submerged axils, the upper ones usually males, the lower ones females, sometimes dioecious, but perhaps not constantly so in any species.
The genus is found in fresh waters nearly in every part of the globe.
Leaves all in whorls of 3 to 8, the submerged ones pinnatisect with capillary segments, the emerged floral ones entire toothed or shortly lobed.
Leaves usually more than 4 in the whorl, the emerged ones narrow-
linear. Calyx-lobes conspicuous 1. M. varice. folium.
Leaves usually 4, the emerged ones oblong or broadly lanceolate, pin- natifid, sessile. Calyx-lobes minute. Plant small or slender ... 2. M. verrucosum.
Leaves usually 3, the emerged ones linear-lanceolate, above Jin. long,
serrulate, narrowed into a petiole 3. M. latifolium.
Leaves all alternate, pinnatisect with fine segments. Stamens 8. Carpels 4 4. 3/. gracile.
1. 1VE. variaefolium (various-formed leaves), Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 289, and FI. Tasm. i. 122 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 487. Usually a rather large species. Leaves in whorls of from 4 to 8, usually 5 or 6, the lower submerged ones divided into capillary lobes, the emerged floral ones narrow-linear, all entire or the lower ones toothed, J to above ^in. long. Male flowers : Calyx-lobes con- spicuous and sometimes above J line long. Petals 1J to 1|- lines. Stamens 8. Female flowers small without apparent calyx-teeth or petals. Carpels 4, small, tuberculate or almost echinate, or rarely quite smooth.
Hab.: Brisbane and other southern localities.
Also in New Zealand.
2. m. verrucosum (warted fruit), Lindl. in Mitch. 'Prop. Austr. 384 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 488. Usually much smaller and more slender than the last species. Leaves mostly in whorls of 4, the lower submerged ones divided into capillary lobes, the emerged floral ones sessile, oblong or lanceolate, all pinnatifid with short obtuse lobes, more or less glaucous, mostly about 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes very small, but perceptible in both sexes, very deciduous in
558
XLVIII. HAL0RAGEA5.
[Myriophyllum.
the females. Petals in the males under 1 line long, btamens 8. Females without petals. Styles 4, very short. Carpels 4, rarely above \ line long, obtuse on the back, more or less tuberculate.
Hab.: Mount Elliott. E. Fitzalan (F. v. M.) ; Balonne River at St. George’s Bridge, Mitchell ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; common.
The species has some affinity to the northern M. verticillatum as well as to the Asiatic M. indicum, but beside the differences in the floral leaves, the fruit is much smaller than in the former, much less furrowed between the carpels than in the latter. As in the allied species, flowers are occasionally found also in the axils of the submerged leaves. — Benth.
8. IKE. latifolium (broad-leaved), F. v. M. Fraipn. ii. 87 ; Benth. Bl. Austr. ii. 488. A large species. Leaves in whorls of 8 or sometimes 4, the lower sub- merged ones divided into capillary lobes, those of the tall erect emerged summits lanceolate, serrulate, f to lin. long, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers rather large, all sessile. Male flowers : Calyx-lobes small. Petals 1J line long. Stamens 8. Female flowers : Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Carpels 4. Styles short, very plumose. Fruit scarcely exceeding a line, somewhat acute and verruculose.
Ilab.: Brisbane and other southern localities; Rockhampton, M. A. Tliozet.
4. M, gracile (a slender plant), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 488. A small slender almost filiform species. Leaves alternate, all, even the uppermost floral ones, deeply pinnatifid or pinnatisect, with few (3, 5 or 7) narrow, rather short lobes. Flowers small, solitary, the upper ones males, calyx-teeth very small. Petals under 1 line long. Stamens in the males 8. Carpels 4, small, tuberculate.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; and other southern localities.
3. CALLITRICHE, Linn.
(From kalar, beautiful, and thrix, a hair.)
Flowers unisexual, without any perianth, the males consisting of a single stamen, with a conspicuous filament and small 4-celled anther, the females of a sessile or stalked 4-celled ovary, with 2 filiform erect or recurved styles, stigmatic from the base ; ovules 1 in each cell, laterally suspended from near the summit of the cell. Fruit small, more or less flattened, notched at the top, 4-celled and 4-lobed (that is, surrounded by a double edge), the edges obtuse, acute or winged, and consisting of two 2-celled disk-shaped carpels, united by their inner faces. Embryo in the axis of an oily albumen. — Slender aquatic herbs. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or a male and female from the same axis, each one between two small bracteoles, which are sometimes wanting.
The genus is found in almost every part of the globe, and, according to some botanists, consists but of a single species; others divide it into two, the Australian one belonging in that case to the one which has the most universal geographical range. Those who variously extend the genus to from 13 to 20 species describe the commonest Australian form as endemic. — Benth.
1. C. verna (a spring plant), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 70 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. ii. 492. A glabrous slender perennial, either floating in water or creeping and rooting in mud, flowering young so as to appear annual, varying in length according to the depth of the water. Leaves either all obovate-orbicular or oblong, 1 to 6 lines long or the lower submerged ones narrow-linear and obtuse or notched at the end, the upper ones obovate and spreading in little tufts on the surface of the water, or all submerged and linear. Flowers minute. Fruit from i to 1 line diameter, with obtuse acute or winged edges. — C. autumnalis, Linn.; DC. l.c., partly at least.
Hab.: Common on damp land and in pools of still fresh water of southern Queensland.
XLIX. RHIZOPHOREiE.
559
Order XLIX. RHIZOPHORE®
Calyx-tube usually adnate to the ovary, sometimes prolonged above it or rarely quite free ; the limb of 4 to about 12 lobes, valvate in the bud. Petals as many as the calyx- lobes, alternate with them, notched cut or jagged or rarely entire, the margins usually induplicate and embracing the anthers. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals or more, inserted with them at the base of the free part or lobes of the calyx ; anthers erect or versatile, 2-celled, opening longitudi- nally. Ovary more or less inferior or rarely quite superior, 2 or more-celled, with 2 or few pendulous ovules in each cell, or rarely 1 -celled by the obliteration of the partition ; style undivided, with an entire or lobed stigma. Fruit inferior or enclosed in the calyx. Seeds solitary or few, with or without albumen. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire or slightly toothed, coriaceous. Stipules often large, very deciduous. Flowers solitary, clustered or in cymes.
A small Order, almost entirely tropical, and chiefly Asiatic or African, with a few American species. The four Queensland genera are all Asiatic, one only extending also to Africa and America. The Order is divided into two distinct tribes, by some considered .as independent families: — 1. Rhizophoreee proper , including the following genera: Rhizophora , Ceriops, and Bruguiera, consists of the Mangroves, all maritime evergreen trees, the seeds without albumen, and almost always germinating before falling off, the thick radicle enlarging rapidly, and pro- truding to a great length from the summit of the capsule. 2. Legnotidece, trees or shrubs, not strictly maritime, with usually smaller flowers, and the seeds albuminous, not germinating before they fall. To this tribe belongs the genus Carallia. — Benth.
Tribe I. Xthizophoreae. — Leaves opposite , stipulate. Ovary inferior; style single. Embryo exalbuminous, macropodous, germinating while the fruit is still on the tree.
Calyx-segments longer than the tube. Seeds without albumen, germinating before falling.
Calyx segments and petals 4. Stamens 8 to 12. Fruit more than half
superior 1. Rhizophora.
Calyx-segments and petals 5 or 6. Stamens twice as many. Fruit more than half superior 2. Ceriops.
Calyx-segments and petals 8 to 15. Stamens twice as many. Fruit inferior 3. Bruguiera.
Tribe II. Iieg'notideae. — Leaves opposite, stipulate. Ovary half-inferior or superior, but adnate to the base of the calyx ; style single. Embryo immersed in fleshy albumen.
Calyx campanulate, with short teeth. Petals 5 to 8. Stamens twice as many.
Fruit inferior. Seeds albuminous, not germinating before falling .... 4. Carallia.
1. RHIZOPHORA, Linn.
(Root-bearing.)
Calyx-tube adnate, segments 4. Petals 4, entire. Stamens 8 to 12 ; filaments short ; anthers long, acuminate, connivent. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform ; stigma 2-toothed. Fruit ovoid or conical, the persistent calyx-segments reflexed from near the base. Seed solitary, without albumen, the rapidly enlarged radicle penetrating through the summit of the fruit. — Trees. Leaves entire. Cymes axillary.
The genus consists of a few species only, ranging over tropical seacoasts.
1. R. mucronata (mucronate), Law.-, DC. Prod. iii. 32 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 493. “ Binaroley,” Forest Hill, Macartney. A glabrous evergreen tree, with
thick branches. Leaves from broadly ovate to oblong-elliptical, obtuse, with a projecting point (often worn off from the old leaves), 3 to 4in. long in the Australian specimens, but sometimes longer and narrower, coriaceous, entire. Stipules rather large, oblong, obtuse, very deciduous. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves, with a pair of short thick concave bracts, connate at the base under each fork and under each flower. Calyx sessile within the bracts, about iin. long, the segments separating down to the adnate
560
XLIX. RHIZOPIIORE^E.
[ Rhizophora .
part. Petals shorter than the calyx, the induplicate margins fringed with long hairs. Anthers 8, nearly sessile, 4 embraced by the petals, 4 between them. Style rather thick, nearly as long as the petals. Fruit ovoid, 1 to ljin. long. — Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 362 ; Wight. Ic. t. 238.
Hab.: Shores and islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Eussell River ; along the coast and islands within the tropics, R. Brown, F. v. Mueller, and others.
The species extends over the tropical shores of Africa and Asia. — Bentli.
Wood of a light colour, with reddish centre or heartwood, the grain close, tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 156.
The bark is used in India, and said to yield from 18 to 20% of tannin.
The aborigines about Port Curtis consider the honey of the native bee to be poisonous when collected near Mangrove swamps.
2. CERIOPS, Arn.
(Horn-like.)
Calyx-tube adnate ; segments 5, rarely 6. Petals as many, emarginate and usually with 1 or more clavate setas at the top. Stamens twice as many as petals ; filaments filiform, longer than the oblong or linear anthers. Ovary half- inferior, 3-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform ; stigma undivided. Fruit ovoid or conical, the persistent calyx-segments surrounding it below the middle. Seed solitary, without albumen, the rapidly enlarged funicle penetrating through the summit of the fruit. — Trees or shrubs, with the habit and inflorescence of Rhizophora, but usually with smaller leaves and smaller more numerous flowers.
A small genus, limited to the tropical seacoasts of the Old World, the Australian species being the commonest one in Asia. Although the genus appears to be universally adopted, it can scarcely be considered as more than a section of Rliizopliora. — Benth.
1. C. Candolleana (after De Candolle), Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 364 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. ii. 494. “ Larchanama,” Batavia River, Roth. A tall ever-
green glabrous shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate or broadly oblong, to 2in. or in luxuriant specimens 3in. long, coriaceous, entire. Flowers in small dense almost capitate cymes, on short recurved axillary peduncles, with a pair of small short thick concave bracts under each ramification, and rather larger ones under each flower. Calyx sessile within the bracts, about 3 lines long, divided down to the adnate part. Petals shorter that the calyx, emarginate, with 2 to 5 clavate setae irregularly placed in the notch or on the lobes. Stamens alternately inserted opposite the petals and between them, but the anthers embraced in pairs by the induplicate margins of the petals. Fruit conical, about ^in. long. — Wight, Ic. t. 240 ; Rhizophora Timoriensis, DC. Prod. iii. 32.
Hab.: Islands of the N.E. coast, F. v. Mueller ; Russell River, and mainland.
The species extends over the seacoasts of E. India and the Archipelago. — Benth.
Wood a dark-brown colour, close-grained, hard and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 157.
Bark used for tanning in India.
Broad expanded roots made into canoe blades. — Roth lx.
3. BRUGUIERA, Lam.
(After J. G. Bruguieres.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or campanulate, adnate at the base to the ovary, the upper portion free, lined by the disk ; lobes 10 to 15 or rarely 8 or 9, narrow and thick. Petals as many, 2-lobed, with or without setae at the top. Stamens twice as many as petals ; anthers linear, but usually shorter than the filaments. Ovary inferior, 2 to 4-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with 2 to 4 minute stigmatic lobes. Fruit turbinate, crowned by the persistent calyx-
Bruguiera. j
XLIX. RHIZOPHOREiE.
561
lobes. Seeds solitary, without albumen, the rapidly enlarged radicle penetrating through the summit of the fruit. — Trees, with the habit of Rhizophora. Flowers solitary or few together, on short axillary recurved peduncles.
The genus is widely spread along the tropical seacoasts of the Old World. The four Australian
species are also common Asiatic ones. — Benth.
Flowers solitary, lin. long.
Petals with several set® at the end 1. B. Rheedii.
Petals without set® at the end 2. B. gymnorrhiza.
Peduncles 3-flowered. Calyx about 8-cleft. Petals ciliate from base to
apex ; set® 3 to 4 and 1 in the notch 3. B. caryopliylloides.
Peduncles many-flowered. Calyx about 8-cleft. Petals with 5 set® . . 4 B. parvijiora.
1. B. Rheedii (after H. V. Rheede), Blume, Emm. PI. Jav. 92 ; Benth. FI. Austr.n. 494. Red Mangrove or Orange Mangrove. “ Kowinka,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins; “Biree,” Bundaberg, Keys; “ Bam-bir,” Cooktown, Roth : “ Tcherda,” Batavia River, Roth. A glabrous evergreen tree. Leaves ovate or oblong-elliptical, very shortly acuminate, 3 to 5in. long, narrowed into a rather long petiole, coriaceous. Stipules oblong, 1 to 2in. long, very deciduous. Flowers solitary, on short recurved axillary peduncles, without bracts. Calyx very thick and rigid, from a little more than lin. to 1^-in. long, the narrow turbinate tube about one-third the whole length, the angles scarcely prominent or sometimes quite obscure, the lobes usually about 12, but variable in number. Petals shorter than the calyx, densely hairy at the base, and the induplicate margins more or less hairy to the end ; set* usually 1 in the notch and 3 or 4 at the end of each lobe. Anthers embraced in pairs by the induplicate margins of the petals. Ovary very short and wholly inferior. Fruit at first crowned by the calyx-limb, which often falls off as the radicle protrudes, the latter assuming a narrow spindle- shaped form, obscurely notched, with about 6 prominent angles.- — Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 367 ; B. australis, A. Cunn. in Arn. l.c. ; B. Rheedii and B. Rumphii, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 138.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Henne ; Shoal Bay passage, R. Brown ; along the coast from Moreton Bay to Torres Straits, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others ; Bussell River.
Wood of a light colour, close-grained, tough and nicely marked ; useful for many purposes, especially as axe and pick handles.
The bark is said to contain about 19% of tannin.
Fruit prepared for eating. Timber from flat roots used for oar blades. — Roth l.c.
Wight’s figure of B. Rheedii, Ic. t. 239 A, as well as his specimens, differ in some slight respects, and are considered by Blume as constituting a distinct species. The set® of the petals appear to be pretty constant in the Australian specimens, but it remains to be proved how far their presence and number are really good specific characters. — Benth.
2. B. gymnorrhiza (naked-rooted), Lam.; Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 136 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 495. An evergreen tree, closely resembling B. Rheedii. Leaves usually smaller. Flowers as in that species, solitary on short recurved axillary peduncles, but smaller, varying from f to nearly lin. in length. Calyx-tube marked with very prominent acute angles ; lobes usually 8 to 10. Petals shorter that the calyx, hairy on the margins, the lobes obtuse, without setae, but a very short seta, often, although not always, in the notch between them.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown, and other parts of the northern coast.
3. B. caryophylloides (claw-like), Blume, Fnum. PI. Jav. 93. A small tree. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, scarcely coriaceous. Peduncles equalling the petioles, 1 to 5 usually 3-flowered buds sub-acute, pedicelled. Calyx-tube small, smooth, about 8-cleft ; lobes linear, sub-acute, about £in. reflexed and half the length of the tube in fruit. Petals
562
XLIX. RHIZOPHORE/E.
[Bntguiera.
ciliate from the base to apex, nearly erect, bifid, bearing 3 to 4 bristles and 1 in the notch. Calyx-tube obtuse at the base, not ribbed. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit about iin., urceolate, slightly constricted below the calyx-limb. — FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 488.
Hab.: Cape Sidmouth, Dr. Curdia (F. v. M.).
4. B. parviflora (flowers small), W. and Am. [’rod. i. 311. A tropical coast swamp tree of small size, glabrous except the petals. Leaves oblong or broadly lanceolate, 2 to over Sin. long, tapering towards the petiole, which is rather slender and about £in. long. Stipules about l^in. long. Flowers small, pedicellate in a once or twice trichotomous cyme. Calyx-tube prominently ribbed, tapering towards the base ; lobes 8, lanceolate, erect, rigid, and scarcely over 1^ line long. Petals shorter than the calyx-lobes, cleft, with a bristle in the sinus and with 3 or more at the apex of each of the lobes, the incurved sides hairy where they embrace the stamens. Ovary 3-celled, ribbed. Fruit sub-cylindrical, about lin. long according to Hooker’s Flora of British India, but not sent with the Queensland specimens.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. Thou. L. Bancroft; Mackay, H. L. Griffith.
Wood a light-straw colour, close in grain, and hard. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 157a.
4. CARALLIA, Roxb.
(From Carallie, its Indian name.)
Calyx-tube adnate at the base, campanulate above the ovary, lined by the thin disk, with 5 to 8 very short lobes or teeth. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, clawed, orbicular, jagged or slightly toothed. Stamens twice as many as petals, inserted with them at the base of the calyx-lobes round the undulated margin of the disk. Ovary inferior or adnate as high as the insertion of the ovules, 4-celled or rarely 3 or 5-celled, with two pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit succulent, globular. Seed solitary, with a copious albumen ; embryo curved, not growing before the seed falls. — Trees or shrubs. Flowers small, in axillary, pedunculate, usually trichotomous cymes.
A small genus, extending over tropical Asia, the Australian species the commonest over the the whole range of the genus. — Benth.
1. C. integerrima (leaves quite entire), DC. Prod. iii. 33 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 495. “ Mel-joor-ang ” and “ Bokor,” Cooktown, “ Bil-be-a,” Musgrave,
Both. Usually a tree, often large, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves sessile, obovate, elliptical or oblong, in the Australian specimens obtuse or obtusely acuminate, thinly coriaceous, 3 to 5in. long, in Asiatic ones very variable in breadth and consistence, and often very obtuse or much acuminate. Cymes axillary or from old leafless nodes, on short peduncles, each short branch bearing 3 to 5 sessile flowers. Calyx shortly and broadly campanulate, not 3 lines diameter. Fruit red, globular, about 3 lines diameter, crowned by the short connivent teeth of the calyx. — Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 74, with the synonyms there adduced; C. zeylanica, Arn.; Wight, Illustr. t. CO.
Hab.: Endeavour River, R. Brown, and many other parts of the tropical coast.
Widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago, extending to S. China.
Wood light-coloured, but darkening towards the centre ; close in grain, and easy to work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 159a.
Order L. COMBRETACEiE.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary at the base, narrowed above it and sometimes elongated ; limb usually campauulate, with 4 or 5, rarely more, teeth lobes or segments, valvate or very rarely induplicate or imbricate. Petals none or as
L. COMBRETACEtE.
563
many as calyx-lobes, usually small, imbricate or valvate. Stamens as many or twice as many as calyx-lobes, rarely indefinite, inserted on the calyx ; anthers opening in longitudinal slits or (in Gyrocarpea ) in 2 valves. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled, with 2 or more pendulous ovules, or (in Gyrocarpcat) with 1 only ; style filiform or scarcely any, with an entire terminal stigma. Fruit coriaceous, char- taceous or drupaceous, indehiscent (except in a few species not Australian). Seed solitary, pendulous, without albumen ; cotyledons convolute or folded, very rarely flat inside and furrowed outside ; radicle short, superior. — Trees shrubs or woody climbers. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire, without stipules. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes spikes or heads, or (in Gyrocarpecc) in cymes. Bracts usually small ; bracteoles sometimes larger, often wanting.
The Order is distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World, a very few species extending beyond the tropics in S. Africa or in N. India. Of the four Australian genera, three are common to America, Africa, and Asia, one of them restricted to seacoasts, the fourth is endemic. — Benth.
Suborder I. Combreteae. — Calyx-lobes valvate. Stamens without g lands or staminodes at their base ; anthers dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. Ovules 2 to 7, suspended by long funicles. Flowers racemose or spicate.
Anthers opening in slits. Ovules 2 or more. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or heads.
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary. Petals none. Stamens 10 . 1. Terminalia.
Calyx-tube produced above the ovary. Petals 5. Stamens 10 or fewer.
Bracteoles small. Ovules 2 to 5. Maritime shrubs 2. Lumnitzera.
Bracteoles enlarged and forming wings to the fruiting-calyx. Ovules
10 to 12. Silky or tomentose shrubs 3. Macropteranthes.
Suborder II. G-yrocarpeae. — Calyx-lobes valvate or imbricate. Stamens with glands or staminodes at their base ; anthers opening by recurved lateral valves. Ovule 1, suspended by a short funicle. Flowers cymose.
Anthers opening in 2 valves. Ovules solitary. Flowers small, in cymes.
Petals none 4. Gyrocarpus.
1. TERM IN ALIA, Linn.
(Leaves usually at the end of the branches.)
(Chuncoa, Ruiz and Pav.)
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary ; limb campanulate or urceolate, 5-cleft. Petals none. Stamens 10, longer than the calyx. Style filiform. Ovules 2, rarely 3. Fruit ovoid, terete, angular, compressed or with 2 or (in species not Australian) 3 to 5 longitudinal wings. Cotyledons convolute. — Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, usually marked with minute pellucid dots, often only visible under a strong lens. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, small, green, white or rarely coloured, sessile in loose spikes, rarely contracted into dense heads, either axillary or clustered on the old nodes. Calyx- tube usually small and narrow, the limb much broader.
The genus extends over nearly the whole range of the Order, but is most abundant in Africa and Asia. The Australian species appear to be all endemic, with the exception of T. Catappa and T. microcarpa. Several of them, however, are as yet insufficiently known. They are often not to be distinguished without the fruit, which, when succulent and not winged, is rarely perfect in herbarium specimens, and we do not as yet know how far the fruit may vary in the same species. Some with broadly winged fruits have precisely the foliage and flowers of others which have wingless fruits. The circumscription of species here given may therefore require much revision when more perfect materials are obtained. — Benth.
The subdivision of the genus into sections, or with some botanists into distinct genera, has been founded on the fruit alone, and although the line of demarcation is often very indefinite, no better character has as yet been found. The Australian species are included in Chuncoa, with 2 or 3 distinct wings to the fruit, Catappa with 2 wings, confluent above and below so as completely to encircle the drupe, and Myrobalanus without wings ; but in T. volucris the wings are often slightly confluent so as to do away with all real distinction between Chuncoa and
564
L. C0MBRETACBJ5.
[Terminalia .
Catappa, and even between that and Myrobalanus, the acute angles of the fruit of T. melunocarpa almost pass into the wings of Catappa. The section Pentaptera, with 4 or 5 wings to the fruit, is as yet unknown in Australia. Among the following species, several are only known from very imperfect specimens, and may henceforth require much correction in their circumscription, although I do not think that they will be much reduced in number.— Benth.
Sect. I. Catappa. — Fruit with 2 longitudinal membranous or coriaceous wings, or rarely, in the first 3 species, with a third narrow wing or prominent nerve.
Fruit, including the wings, much broader than long.
Fruit, including the wings, three times as broad as long ; wings quite
distinct. Leaves velvety-pubescent underneath 1.2’. platyptera.
Fruit, including the wings, not twice as broad as long ; wings often confluent above and below. Leaves nearly glabrous. Spike slender, interrupted.
Leaves obovate, much reticulate. Fruit-wings scarcely confluent . 2. T. volucris.
Leaves cuneate-oblong, much reticulate. Fruit-wings shortly
confluent 3. T. oblongata.
Fruit, including the wings, rather longer than broad and quite sur- rounded by the confluent wings.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong, silky-pubescent. Spikes elongated, dense.
Fruits under Jin. long 4. T. bursarina.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong, mostly silky-pubescent. Spikes short,
dense. Fruits j to above lin. long 5. T. circumalata.
Fruit orbicular, quite surrounded by a narrow wing. Leaves obovate,
much reticulate, glabrous. Spikes slender 6. T. Thozetii.
Fruits 1 to 2in. long, ellipsoid, slightly compressed so as to show two ridges. Leaves on very short petiole, obovate from a cordate but very narrow base. Spikes solitary, axillary 7. T. Catappa,
Sect. II. Myrobalanus (from the Greek muron, ointment, and balanos, any glandular fruit). — Fruit globular or more frequently ovoid, terete or slightly compressed, or surrounded by a prominent acute angle, but not distinctly winged.
(There is no difference whatever in inflorescence or flowers in the two sections, and no constant one in foliage, although in general there is a greater tendency to dry black in Myrobalanus than in Catappa, and the primary veins diverging from the midrib are more prominent, parallel, and distinct. — Benth.)
Leaves very obtuse, usually broad. Flowers rather small. Stamens not above 3 lines long.
Leaves quite glabrous, large, narrowed into a short petiole.
Calyx-tube white, with appressed hairs. Drupe glabrous, sur- rounded by a very prominent angle 8. T. melanocarpa.
Calyx-tube quite glabrous. Drupe ovoid, without any angle . . . 9. T. Muclleri.
Leaves loosely tomentose-pubescent, at least underneath.
Drupe ovoid, glabrous 10. T. porphyrocarpa.
Drupe ovoid or oblong, often acuminate, tomentose 11. T. platyphylla.
Leaves mostly shortly acuminate. Flowers rather small. Stamens not above 3 lines long.
Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, on short petioles. Flowers small.
Stamens very short, yellow. Fruit silky, slightly compressed, with
angular margins 12. T. sericocarpa.
Leaves ovate, three or four times as long as the petiole, the pellucid
dots very conspicuous under a lens 13. T. microcarpa.
Leaves narrow, obtuse. Flowers large. Stamens 5 to 6 lines long . . 14. T. grandiflora.
1. T. platyptera (broad-winged), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 151 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 498. A tree, the young branches and petioles hoary-pubescent or almost velvety. Leaves crowded at the ends of the flowering branches, obovate or
obovate- oblong, very obtuse, 1J to 2J-in. long, on a rather long petiole, velvety-pubescent on both sides when young, at length nearly glabrous above, the reticulate veins prominent. Spikes tomentose, slender, interrupted, exceeding the leaves. Calyx softly tomentose inside and out, the adnate tube about as long as the broad campanulate limb ; lobes short and broad. Filaments
Terminalia.]
L. COMBRE T ACE M .
565
glabrous. Style villous. Fruit 2-winged, tomentose-pubescent, about lin. long and 3in. broad, including the horizontally divaricate wings, which are quite distinct, broadly obovate, plicately veined.
Hab.: Etheridge and Palmer Rivers, Batho.
Wood of a light-yellow colour, close-grained and hard. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 160.
Var. (?) glabrata. Minutely hoary or nearly glabrous ; leaves more coriaceous and rather larger. Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller. — Benth.
2. T. volucris (the fruit winged), Herb. R. Br.; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 498. Branches divaricate, the young shoots very minutely hoary or silky-pubescent. Leaves from broadly obovate to oval-elliptical, 14 to 3in. long, narrowed at the base and often decurrent on the rather long petiole, thin, pale underneath, the primary veins more numerous and less oblique than in T. pterocarpa, which this species resembles without the fruit, and much and finely reticulate between them. Spikes slender, interrupted, usually longer than the leaves, especially when the flowers are chiefly males, the more female spikes shorter and denser. Calyx minutely pubescent, the broad limb as long as the ovary. Disk villous. Fila- ments glabrous. Style glabrous or hairy at the base. Fruit 2-winged, about fin. long and twice that breadth, including the broad wings, which are either distinct or slightly continuous above or below the drupe or both ; there are also frequently on one face of the drupe 1 or 2 prominent longitudinal angles.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Sweers Island, Henne.
R. Brown’s specimens are the only ones in good fruit, and are those alluded to by him in the Appendix to Flinders’ Voyage under the name of Chuncoa. I have little doubt of A. Cunning- ham’s and F. v. Mueller’s specimens belonging to the same species ; the others are very imperfect. — Bentli.
Some specimens from Broadsound and Endeavour River, R. Brown, without fruit, appear to belong to the same species. — Benth.
Var. (?) coriacea. Leaves larger, broader, more coriaceous ; spikes long ; lowest bracts some- times leafy. — Benth.
3. T. oblongata (oblong leaves), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 152 ; Benth. FI. Austr.
ii. 499. “ Yananoleu,” North Queensland, Tliozet. A small tree with spreading
branches, glabrous or the young shoots minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves often clustered at the old nodes or on the short branchlets, cuneate-oblong, very obtuse or emarginate, 1 to 2 or rarely 3in. long, narrowed into a short petiole, thin and much reticulate. Spikes slender, interrupted, shortly exceeding the leaves. Calyx minutely hoary-pubescent outside, very hairy inside. Stamens and style glabrous, not 3 lines long. Fruit 2-winged, about 8 to 9 lines long and twice as broad, including the wings, which are very shortly continuous both above and below the drupe ; drupe in the centre flattened on one face, the other with a projecting longitudinal angle sometimes dilated into a third narrow wing.
Hab.: Fitzroy, Suttor, Dawson, and Burdekin Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Tliozet.
Wood light-coloured and nicely marked ; suitable for cabinet work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 161.
T. grandijlora has much the foliage of this species, but the flowers are much larger and the fruit is not winged. — Benth.
4. T. bursarina (resembling a Bursaria), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 149; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 499. A shrub or small tree, the young branches and foliage softly silky-pubescent. Leaves usually crowded, mostly narrow-oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, 1 to lfin. long, but occasionally passing into obovate or ovate, narrowed into a short petiole, the primary veins very oblique and reticulate between them. Spikes pedunculate, dense, exceeding the leaves and sometimes 3 to 4in. long, the rhachis and flowers softly silky. Calyx-tube about 1 line long, the limb about as long, not so broad and more deeply divided into narrower lobes than in the
5GG
L. COMBRETACEiE.
[Terminalia.
allied species. Drupe, according to F. v. Mueller, 2 or rarely 3-winged, rather longer than broad, 2i- to 4 lines long, 3-angled, the one face larger than the other, and furnished in the centre with a prominent blunt spur.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller ; Gulf country, Frank Hann.
Wood dark-coloured, close-grained, hard and prettily marked ; useful for cabinet work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. l(51a.
5. T. circumalata (winged all round), F. v. il/. Fragm. iii. 91 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 499. Closely allied to T. pterocarpa, with the same flowers and fruit, and perhaps a narrow-leaved variety with the foliage and inflorescence more or less clothed with a soft silky pubescence. Leaves oblong-cuneate or elliptical, 1 to 2 or sometimes nearly 3in. long, with very oblique primary veins, the reticulate veinlets few and scarcely prominent. Flowers very silky, crowded in short pedunculate spikes. Fruits including the wings, obovate, f to above lin. long, the drupe entirely surrounded by a continuous wing.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. May belong to T. circumalata, but are not in fruit. — Bentli.
G. T. Thozetii (after M. A. Thozet), Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 500. Said to resemble T. volucris in foliage, except that it is perfectly glabrous (sometimes the leaves are velvety on the under side, F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 160), and the fruit is very different. Leaves narrow- obovate, crowded at the ends of the branches, 2 to 3in. long, reticulate as in T. volucris. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-spikes slender, glabrous. Fruits quite smooth and glabrous, nearly orbicular, about Ain. diameter including the two narrow confluent wings, which completely encircle the drupe. They may not, however, be perfectly ripe in the specimen.
Hab.: Rockhampton, Thozet.
7. T. Catappa (its Molucca name), Linn. “ Tom-min,” Cooktown, Both. Country Almond. A tree of about 80ft., the branches in horizontal whorls. Leaves alternate, clustered at the ends of the branches, on very short petioles, obovate from a cordate but very narrow base, 6 to Sin. long, deciduous, usually softly hairy when young, sometimes becoming glabrous in age, with 2-glandular depressions near the base of the midrib on the under side, these sometimes wanting ; petiole 3 to 9 lines long. Spikes solitary, axillary, simple, grey or rusty tomentose or pilose, the upper flowers male, the lower hermaphrodite. Bracts minute. Calyx-teeth glabrous, or nearly so, within and without. Young ovary glabrous or hairy. Fruit yellow, ellipsoid, slightly compressed so as to show two ridges, 1 to 2in. long, epicarp fleshy.— Wight Ic. 172; Bot. Mag. 3004; Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 18 ; Catappa domestica, litorea, and syloestris, Rumph. Herb. Amboin. i. t. 68 ; Badamia Commersonii, Gfertn. Fruct. ii. 97 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 3, 4.
Hab.: From Rockingham Bay northwards on the coast; abundant on the islands of Torres Straits.
The wood of the Queensland tree I have not had worked up. J. S. Gamble, however, in Manual of Indian Timbers described it as red, with a lighter-coloured sapwood, hard, and says that the kernels of the nuts are eaten as dessert, and the bark and leaves give a black dye. It is one of the trees on the leaves of which the “ Tasar” or “ Katkura” silkworm (Anthercea Pctphia) is fed.
8. T. melanocarpa (black fruit), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 92; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 500. A tree, usually glabrous, except the silky-white young buds and the flowers. Leaves obovate, very obtuse or rarely obscurely and very obtusely acuminate, 3 to 6 or even bin. long and sometimes above Gin. broad, narrowed into a short petiole, coriaceous, the primary veins prominent under- neath and rather distant, transversely reticulate between them. Spikes loose, about as long as the leaves, the rbachis nearly glabrous. Flowers numerous but
Terminating
L. COMBRETACEjE.
567
not crowded. Calyx-tube or ovary white with appressed hairs ; limb nearly glabrous outside, above 2 lines broad, densely woolly inside. Stamens and style glabrous. Drupes ovoid, somewhat compressed, obtuse or acuminate, about lin. long, surrounded usually by a prominent acute angle, which sometimes in the dried state almost assumes the appearance of a narrow thick wing, but in other specimens is scarcely prominent.
Hab.: Snapper Island, A. Cunningham,; Port Denison and Edgecombe Bay, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; and many other localities in the tropics.
Wood of a light-yellow, close-grained, hard and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 162.
9. T. Muelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 500. “ Eandi,” Batavia River, Ward. A small tree in the scrub with a blackish rough bark, growing to a considerable height in the ranges, glabrous or the young buds minutely silky. Leaves undistinguishable from those of T. melanocarpa, broadly obovate, obtuse, usually 8 to 4in. long, narrowed into a short petiole, rather coriaceous, the primary veins prominent underneath and rather distant. Spikes loose as in T. melanocarpa, flowers rather larger, and the calyx-tube as well as the limb glabrous outside. Drupe ovoid, said to be blue when fresh and rather acid, about fin. long, without wings or angles. — T. microcarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 92, not of Decaisne.
Hab.: Islands of Howick’s Group and off Cape Bedford and Cape Flattery, F. v. Mueller ; Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; Rockingham Bay.
Wood yellow, pinkish towards the centre ; tough and light ; suitable for axe-handles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 163a.
Var. minor. Leaves narrower. Fruit smaller. — T. glabra, R. Br. Herb., but scarcely of Roxb. — Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; islands of Carpentaria (no fruit), R. Brown.
10. T. porphyrocarpa (purple-fruited), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. Fi. Austr. ii. 501. A handsome tree, the young branches and petioles densely tomentose. Leaves crowded on the short branchlets, obovate, 2 to 3in. long, on petioles rarely exceeding -|in., loosely and softly tomentose-pubescent on both sides or becoming glabrous above when old, the primary veins prominent underneath. Spikes usually shorter than the leaves, rather dense. Calyx glabrous outside, the adnate tube about 1^ line long, the limb fully 2 lines diameter, densely woolly inside. Fruit ovoid, glabrous, without wings or angles, said to be blue or purple.
Hab.: Mount Archer, Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Fitzroy River, Boxcman.
Wood of a yellow colour, nicely marked, close-grained, hard and tough ; useful for house- building and cabinet work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 163c.
Var. (?) eriantha. Ovary and calyx densely silky-tomentose. — Mount Archer, Dallachy. These specimens are in flower only, and resemble in foliage T. platyptera as much as T. porphyrocarpa, but have the larger flowers of the latter species. — Benth.
11. T« platyphylla (broad-leaved), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 150; Benth.
FI. Austr. ii. 502. “ Durin,” Flinders River, F. Palmer. A moderate-sized
tree, the young branches and petioles more or less hoary or rusty with a short soft tomentum or sometimes densely tomentose and almost woolly. Leaves broadly obovate or ovate, very obtuse, 4 to 6in. long, 2 to 4in. broad, shortly narrowed into a petiole never exceeding lin. in some specimens, rather longer in others, coriaceous, softly pubescent on both sides or nearly glabrous above. Spikes usually shorter than the leaves with numerous rather small flowers, loose or crowded. Calyx silky-pubescent or villous outside, densely villous inside. Drupes tomentose, ovoid or oblong, obtuse or acuminate, not winged.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Flinders River, E. Palmer; Thursday Island.
The species appears to be chiefly distinguished amongst other large obtuse-leaved ones by its soft pubescence and by the tomentose drupes. From the few specimens seen, the latter appear to be variable in shape. In R. Brown’s specimens they are ovoid-oblong, obtuse, often surrounded by a slightly prominent or obscure angle ; in one of F. v. Mueller’s from Roper River they are
Part II. R
568
L COMBRETACEiE.
[Terminalia.
obliquely acuminate, with a prominent angle, and shortly contracted at the base; in another of F. v. Mueller’s, they are straight, quite terete, oblong, rounded at both ends, but terminating abruptly in a narrow straight beak of about 2 lines. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, close in grain, tough, hard, and prettily marked. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql I Foods No. 163b.
Ripe fruit eaten. — Palmer l.c.
12. T. sericocarpa (fruit silky), F. r. M. Fragm. ix. 159. A tall tree with light-coloured bark ; branchlets very thinly silky. Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base and decurrent upon the short petiole, 2 to 4in. long, 1 to 2in. broad, glabrous and shining on both sides. Spikes 2 to 8, interrupted. Flowers small, silky ; buds acute, apiculate. Calyx-lobes about 1 line long, flavescent inside, densely bearded at the base. Stamens yellowish, scarcely longer than the calyx- lobes. Style about 1 line long. Drupe small, ovate, about Ain. long, apiculate, slightly compressed, silky, the margins angular but not winged. Putamen tuberculose -rugose .
Hab.: Many localities in tropical Queensland.
Wood of a light-yellow, with a darker-coloured heartwood ; hard and tough ; would suit well for chair-making. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 163.
13. T. microcarpa (fruit small), Dene. Herb. Tim. Descr. 129 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 502. Young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate-elliptical, rarely slightly obovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 3 to 5in. long, uarrowed into a petiole of about lin., glabrous or slightly hoary underneath with a minute pubescence, thinly coriaceous, with distant primary veins and copious reticulations, the pellucid dots although small, yet more conspicuous than in most species. Spikes attaining the length of the leaves. Flowers numerous but not densely crowded. Calyx rusty outside with a minute tomentum, densely villous inside but not seen fully expanded. Drupe, according to Decaisne, olive- shaped, acuminate, glabrous.
Hab.: Gulf country.
Also in Timor. I have not seen the Australian specimens mentioned by Decaisne as having been gathered on the S. coast, probably from one of those mistakes in the labels which occur in so many instances in the Australian collections in the Paris Herbarium, owing in a great measure to the illegible handwriting and absurd orthography of the original labels of the gardener who accompanied Baudin’s Expedition. The above description is taken from a Timor specimen communicated by Decaisne The species may poss bly prove to be a variety of T. Belerica, Roxb., which extends over E. India and the Archipelago. The leaves are ovate, as stated in Decaisne’s description, rather than obovate, as they are said to be by some mistake in the diagnosis. — Benth.
14. T. grandiflora (flowers large), Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 503. A small tree ; branches and foliage silky or the leaves at length glabrous. Leaves linear-oblong or cuneate, obtuse or retuse, 1A to 3in. long, coriaceous, very obliquely veined and reticulate, narrowed into a short petiole. Spikes usually exceeding the leaves, with flowers much larger than in any other Tenninalia. Buds acuminate. Calyx-tube or ovary above 2 lines long, and the limb of the calyx as much in diameter, the lobes acuminate. Stamens 5 to G lines long. Style Ain. long. Drupe nearly globular, about lin. long, tapering into a conical beak of about Jin., smooth and glabrous, without wings or angles.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Arnhem S. Bay, R. Broicn.
There are two forms, one with long narrow leaves, quite glabrous except when very young, the spikes glabrous or slightly silky, and the stamens fully ^in. long ; the other much more silky, the leaves broader, shorter and more cuneate, and the silky flowers rather, but not much, smaller. — Benth.
L. COMBRETACEjE.
569
2. LUMNITZERA, Willd.
(After Stephen Lumnitzer.)
Calyx-tube produced above the ovai’y but scarcely contracted, the limb cam- panulate, shortly 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10 or fewer. Ovules 2 to 5 ; style filiform, with a minute stigma. Fruit ovoid-oblong, crowned by the persistent calyx, narrowed and flattened at the base, hard and almost woody. Seed linear, with convolute cotyledons. — -Maritime trees or shrubs. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, obovate or cuneate, thick, entire or slightly crenate. Flowers in short racemes. Bracteoles 2, adnate to the base of the calyx-tube, persistent but not enlarged after flowering.
The genus is limited to a few species. The two following are widely dispersed along the seacoasts of tropical Asia, extending from E. Africa to the Pacific Islands. — Benth.
Flowers scarlet, in terminal racemes. Calyx fully Jin. long. Stamens twice as
long as the petals 1. L. coccinea.
Flowers white, in axillary racemes. Calyx about 4 lines long. Stamens
scarcely exceeding the petals 2. L. racemosa.
1. L. COCCinea (scarlet flowers), W. and Am. Prod. 816; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 508. A glabrous bushy shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate or oblong- cuneate, very obtuse, often 2in. long, thick and fleshy. Flowers scarlet, in dense terminal racemes, of which occasionally 2 or 3 form a small corymb. Calyx in the Australian specimens fully Jin. long at the time of flowering, continuous with and narrowed into a somewhat flattened pedicel of 2 or 3 lines ; lobes of the limb short, broad and obtuse. Petals exceeding the calyx-lobes by about 2 lines ; stamens twice as long. Fruiting-calyx above lin. long.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; edges of mangrove swamps, from Rockingham Bay to Cape York.
We have precisely the same form from the Fiji Islands; the common Malayan specimens have usually rather smaller specimens. — Bentli.
2. I., racemosa (flowers in racemes), Willd.; DC. Prod. iii. 22 ; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 504. A glabrous tree or tall shrub, with the foliage of L. coccinea, but the racemes are all axillary, usually about as long as the leaves, and the flowers are smaller and white. Calyx at the time of flowering about 4 lines long, and not above Jin. when in fruit, the lobes or teeth very short. Petals about 1J line long, and the stamens very little longer.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Cairncross Island, Torres Straits, M-Gillivray, Henne; Fitzroy River and near Keppel Bay, Thozet.
This appears to be the commonest of the two species on the coasts of tropical Asia. — Benth.
Wood of a pinkish-grey colour, hard, and close in the grain. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 164.
3. MACROPTERANTHES, F. v. Muell.
(Referring to the prominent wings of the calyx.)
Calyx-tube produced above the ovary and scarcely contracted, the limb rather broader, shortly 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10 or fewer. Ovules 10 to 12, pendulous ; style filiform, with a minute stigma. Fruit (oblong ?) small trees. Leaves opposite or clustered at the nodes, small obovate or crowned by the persistent calyx. — Silky- white or tomentose shrubs or oblong, entire. Flowers in pairs on axillary (or terminal ?) peduncles. Bracteoles adnate in the centre to the base of tbe calyx ; the margins free, much enlarged after flowering, forming wings to the fruiting calyx.
The genus is endemic in Australia. It is very closely allied to Lumnitzera, differing in the wings of the fruiting-calyx and in the number of ovules, and the species are not strictly maritime. — Benth,
570 L. COMBRETACEiE . [Macropteranthes.
Leaves almost sessile, clustered at the nodes, oblong, silvery-white.
Bracteoles or calyx-wings much shorter than the fruiting-calyx .... 1. M. Montana.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, opposite, obovate, tomentose 2. M Leichhardtii.
Leaves opposite, obovate-orbiculate, nearly glabrous 3. M. Fitzalani.
1. IVI. montana (mountain plant), F. r. M. Fragm. iii. 91 ; Bentli. FI.
Au&tr. ii. 504. A small tree, with rigid divaricate branclilets, occasionally spinescent. Leaves clustered at the nodes, narrow-oblong, obtuse, narrowed into a very short petiole, silvery-tomentose on both sides. Flowers only seen loose and not perfect. Calyx after flowering attaining nearly lin. but not yet ripe, densely silky-pubescent outside, with, short lobes. Petals apparently oblong or obovate, about Jin. long. Stamens longer. Bracteoles about two-thirds as long as the calyx, nearly orbicular, the broad almost scarious free margins folded back. — Lumnitzera montana, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 149.
Hab.: Arid hills, Newcastle Range, F. v. Mueller.
2. IVI. Leichhardtii (after L. Leichhardt), F . v , M. Fragm. iii. 91 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. ii. 505. Apparently more branched and not so rigid as the other two species. Leaves less crowded, all opposite, obovate, very obtuse, mostly J to fin. long, narrowed into a petiole of 1 to 2 lines, softly silky-tomentose on both sides, but not so white as in the other species, and becoming nearly glabrous above with age. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing at the end 2 pedicellate flowers, of which I have only seen the calyx, enlarged after flowering to from 4 to 6 lines, with the adnate bracteoles nearly as long.
Hab.: Ruined Castle Creek, Leichhardtii.
3. IVI. Fitzalani (after E. Fitzalan), F . v. M. Fragm. viii. 160. A tree of
moderate size ; the tips of the branchlets silky. Leaves opposite chartaceous, i to ljin. long, obcordate or obovate-orbicular on petioles from 1J to 3 lines long, upper side glabrous, the under side sparsely pilose. Peduncles 2 or solitary, J to lin. long, puberulous bearing 1 or 2 flowers. Bracts opposite at top of peduncle, cordate-orbicular, about 1 line long, deciduous. Pedicels very slender, almost glabrous about the length of the calyx. Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, tube almost infundibaliform, teeth 5 to 7, throat bearded. Bracteoles or calyx-wings
orbicular, almost glabrous, as long as the calyx. Petals almost sessile, ovate- orbicular pubescent on both sides. Stamens 10 to 13; filaments glabrous, setaceous, the longest about 3 lines, inflexed. Anthers dorsifixed, rotund,
introrse, the cells longitudinally 2-valved. Style glabrous, 3 lines long setaceous. Stigma very minute. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Port Denison, Gladstone, and Bowen.
Wood near the bark yellow, the centre dark-grey ; close-grained and hard ; useful in turnery and cabinet work. — Bailty’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 164a.
4. GYROCARPUS, Jacq.
(From the wings of fruit causing it to twirl in falling from the tree.)
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, or none in male flowers ; limb 4 to 7-cleft. Petals none. Stamens 4 to 6, alternating with as many club-shaped staminodia, or fewer or none in the female flowers. Ovary inferior, with 1 pendulous ovule and a sessile stigma, abortive in the male flowers. Drupe dry, crowned by 2 much elongated, erect, spathulate, wing-like calyx-lobes. Seed oblong, pendulous, without albumen ; cotyledons petiolate, convulate round tbe radicle. — Tall tree. Leaves alternate, broad, entire or lobed. Flowers polygamous, very small, crowded in dense corymbose cymes.
The genus consists of a single species common to the tropical regions of Central America and tropical Asia. It forms one of the small group of Gyrocarpece , Dumort., or Illigerece, Blume, associated by many botanists with Laurinece, chiefly on account of the dehiscence of the anthers,
Gyr occur pus. \
L. COMBRETACECE.
571
but which Lindley is no doubt more correct in adding as a suborder to Combretacece. The same dehiscence of the anthers is exemplified in Berberidece and Hamamelidece, without being constant in either Order. The fruit and seeds are quite those of Combretacece, and there is considerable affinity in many other respects between llligera and Combretacece on the one hand and Hamamelidece on the other.— Benth.
1. Cr. Jacquini (after N. J. Jacquin), Boxb. PL Corom. i. 2, t. 1, copied into Lam. lllustr. t. 850; Benth. FI. Austr. ii. 505. A tall tree. Leaves deciduous, crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets, broadly ovate or orbicular, on young trees often 8 to lOin. long and broad and deeply 3-lobed, on older trees usually smaller and entire or broadly and shortly lobed, usually more or less acuminate, truncate or cordate at the base, glabrous or tomentose underneath or on both sides, the petioles varying from 1 to 4in. Peduncles in the upper axils or close above the last leaves, rarely exceeding the petioles, bearing each a repeatedly branched cyme with densely crowded exceedingly small flowers, forming little globular heads before expanding, sometimes entirely males, sometimes with a few hermaphrodite or female flowers scattered in the cyme or chiefly in the forks. Drupes ovoid, usually about fin. long, the wings erect, oblanceolate, rounded at the end, much narrowed below the middle, varying in the Australian specimens from under 2in. long and about ^in. broad to 2|in. long and about 5 lines broad. — Pers. Syn. i. 143; G. americanus, Jacq.; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. 247; G. asiaticus, Willd.; Meissn. l.c. 248 ; G. acuminatus, Meissn. l.c.; G. sphenopterus, R. Br.; Endl. Iconogr. t. 43; Meissn. l.c.; G. rugosus, R. Br.; Meissn. l.c.
Hab.: Gilbert Eiver, F. v. Mueller ; Port Denison, E. Fitzalan ? ; Rockhampton northward.
Also in Columbia and Central America, in tropical Asia, the eastern Archipelago, and islands of the Pacific. All the writers who, unwilling to believe that the same species should have so wide a geographical range, have distinguished several species of Gyrocarpus, have expressed some hesitation in doing so, for the characters assigned all break down when applied to other specimens than those actually described. The differences in the indumentum and shape of the leaf are often much greater in different specimens from the same locality than between those gathered at the greatest distances. None are more striking than in two specimens from the Fiji Islands which, according to Seemann’s notes, represent the young and the old trees. In the former, the leaves are large, broadly cordate and deeply 3-lobed as figured in Jacq. Ic. Amer. t. 178, f. 80, and loosely tomentose on both sides ; in the latter they are quite entire, glabrous, more acuminate and more acute at the base than in the form characterized as G. acuminatus, Meissn. The fruit-wings are usually longest in the American, shortest in the Australian speci- mens, but not uniformly so even in the comparatively few specimens preserved in herbaria. Glabrous and more or less hairy filaments occur in India as well as in Australia. The tomentum of the leaves is even more inconstant than any other character. R. Brown’s specimens have been unfortunately mislaid, but from Endlicher’s figure engraved from Bauer’s drawing, and from the variety of Australian specimens I have seen, I have no doubt that he was right in the suspicion he expressed that his species might not be different from the common one. — Benth.
Wood very light and soft. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 165.
Order LI. MYRTACE JE.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary at the base or up to the insertion of the stamens ; limb more or less divided (usually to the base) into 4 or 5, very rarely 3 or more than 5, lobes or teeth, or reduced to a narrow border, or entirely wanting ; lobes usually imbricate or open in the bud. Petals usually as many as calyx-lobes, very much imbricate in the bud, the external one sometimes larger than the others, but usually all nearly equal when expanded, sometimes all concrete and falling off in a single operculum, or rarely entirely wanting. Stamens indefinite, usually numerous or rarely few and definite, inserted in one or several rows on a disk, either thin and lining the calyx-tube above the ovary and forming a thickened ring at its orifice, or thicker and forming a ring close round the summit of the ovary ; filaments free or rarely united into a riug or tube at the base, or into as many bundles as there are calyx-lobes ; anthers
572
Li. MYRTACEJE.
2-celled, versatile or attached by the base, the cells opening in longitudinal slits, or rarely in terminal pores. Ovary inferior or rarely almost superior, but enclosed in the calyx-tube, sometimes 1 -celled, with a placenta attached to the base or adnate to one side, more frequently 2 or more celled, with the placentas in the inner angle of each cell, very rarely 1 -celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Style simple, with a small or a capitate or peltate, very rarely lobed stigma. Ovules 2 or more to each placenta, in 2 or more rows, or very rarely solitary, erect pendulous or laterally attached, anatropous or amphitropous. Fruit inferior, adnate to the calyx-tube, and crowned by the persistent limb, or marked by its scar when deciduous, or very rarely half or almost wholly superior, and sur- rounded at the base by the persistent calyx-tube, either capsular and opening loculicidally at the summit, in as many valves as cells, or indehiscent, dry, and 1-seeded, or succulent and indhiscent. Perfect seeds usually very few or solitary in each cell, even when the ovules are numerous, or rarely numerous and perfect ; teeth either thin and membranous, or crustaceous, fleshy or bony. Albumen none or very scanty near the hilum. Embryo straight or variously curved, fleshy, with minute cotyledons at one end, or with large, flat, or variously folded cotyledons, or with thick fleshy distinct or consolidated cotyledons, and an exceedingly short radicle, or rarely apparently homogeneous, the cotyledons inconspicuous before germination. Abortive ovules in many capsular genera, enlarged without being fertilized, and simulating the seeds, but of a hard, nearly homogeneous, woody, or granular consistence.— Trees or shrubs, very rarely undershrubs. Leaves simple, entire or rarely obscurely crenate-toothed, opposite or less frequently alternate, more or less dotted in all but the Lccythulece, with small resinous glands, either pellucid or black and superficial, often scarcely visible when the leaf is thick. Stipules none, or rarely very minute and fugacious. Flowers solitary or in racemes panicles or cymes, axillary or apparently terminal from the terminal bud not growing out till after the flowering is over. Bracts solitary at the base of the peduncles, or forming an imbricate involucre from the abortion of the lower flowers. Bracteoles 2 at the base of or on the pedicel, sometimes very small or abortive, and often exceedingly deciduous.
The fleshy-fruited genera of the Order are widely spread over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, including many of the largest forest trees, and are, in Australia, almost limited to the tropics, a very few species extending into N. S. Wales, and only one into Victoria. The capsular genera are either entirely or chiefly Australian ; four of the larger ones, represented by a few species in New Caledonia and the Indian Archipelago, one, Xanthostemon, represented by more species in New Caledonia than in Australia, two small ones are in New Caledonia, and not yet found in Australia, one, Eucalyptus, is represented in New Guinea, Timor, if not in the Moluccas, but is not in New Caledonia, another, Metrosi- deros, is more abundant in the Pacific Islands than in Australia, and extends also to the Malayan peninsula, and in anomalous forms (perhaps not strictly congeners) to S. Africa and S. America. Two of the widest-spread genera, Leptospermum and Metrosideros, are also in New Zealand. — Benth.
Tribe I. Cham®laucie®. — Ovary 1 -celled, with a single placenta. Fruit
indehiscent, dry, with 1 or rarely 2 seeds. Shrubs often heath-like. Leaves small. Flowers solitary, or very rarely 2 together in the axils of the leaves or bracts, scattered along the branches, or forming a terminal head.
Subtribe I. Euchamaelauciea5. — Stamens twice as many as petals, with intervening staminodia rarely wanting, or 4 times as many as petals, without staminodia, the filaments more or less distinctly united in a ring at the base. Ovules 2 to 10, attached to an excentrical basal placenta, or in 2 roics, on a short lateral placenta. Embryo, where known, consisting of a thick radicle, the shape of the seed with a slender neck lying on the summit, apparently entire or with 2 minute cotyledons at the end.
Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia (very minute or wanting in one species of Darwinia and one of Verticordia).
Calyx-lobes 5, subulate, entire 2. Homoranthus.
Calyx-lobes 5, broad, entire or shortly ciliolate. Anthers globose or
didymous, opening in terminal pores or short slits. Style usually long . 1. Darwinia.
Calyx-lobes 5 or 10, deeply divided into subulate, plumose, or hair-like lobes 3. Verticordia.
LI. MYRTACEiE.
573
Subtribe II. Caly thrice®. — Stamejis indefinite, few or numerous, free, in several rows, the inner ones shorter, without staminodia. Ovules 2, collaterally attached to a filiform placenta, extending from the base to the summit of the cavity . Embryo straight, very shortly divided into 2 small cotyledons at the summit.
Calyx-lobes persistent, or rarely falling off with the upper portion of the tube, terminating in a long bristle or rarely in a short point. Ovules 2, on a filiform placenta attached both to the base and summit of the ovary 4. Calythrix.
Subtribe III. Thryptomenese.— Stamens 5, 10, or indefinite, free, in one or several rows, without staminodia. Ovules 2, rarely 4 to 10, attached in 2 rows to a placenta, either basal or adnate to the side of the cavity or extending to the summit of the cavity. Embryo, where known, very thick, with a slender neck inflected and divided at the end into 2 small cotyledons.
(The three genera here included have the habit and embryo of Bceckea, with the 1 -celled ovary of Euchamalauciece. — Benth.)
Calyx-lobes short, deciduous. Ovules 2, the placenta basal or adnate to
one side of the ovary 5. Homalocat.yx.
Stamens 5 or 10, regularly alternate with or opposite to the calyx-lobes, quite distinct and without staminodia.
Ovules 2 or more, ascending or attached to a lateral placenta. Stamens,
when 5, alternate with the petals 6. Thryptomene.
Ovules 2 or 4, pendulous from the summit of a filiform placenta. Stamens, when 5, opposite to the petals 7.' Micromyrtus.
Tribe II. Leptosperme*.— Ovary divided into 2 to 5, or rarely more cells. Capsule opening at the summit loculicidally in as many valves as there are cells, or very rarely indehiscent, with 1 or 2 seeds.
Subtribe I. BseckeaBae. — Leaves opposite, usually small. Flowers usually small, pedicel- late or subsessile, solitary or few in a small cyme, umbel, or head in the axils of the leaves, some- times forming a terminal head with the floral leaves reduced to bracts. Stamens definite, or, if indefinite, usually in a single row, free or united at the base in a ring, or into clusters alternating with the petals (not opposite the petals as in other subtribes), and usually shorter than the petals. Ovules usually in 2 rows. Embryo with a thick radicle, produced at the opposite end into a slender incurved neck, or into a short point with very small often minute cotyledons.
(The most constant character of this subtribe is probably that derived from the embryo, in which, so far as known, the cotyledons are always minute, whilst in the following subtribes they are as long as or longer than the radicle. — Benth.)
Stamens in a single row, definite or indefinite, shorter than or rarely shortly exceeding the petals, free or united in bundles, alternating with the petals. Leaves small or narrow, opposite. Ovules several in each cell, in 2 rows or in a ring round a peltate placenta, or, if 2, collateral. Flowers small, axillary, solitary, or rarely few, on a common peduncle. Stamens free, rarely exceeding 20, and usually much fewer 8. Bjeckia.
Subtribe II. Euleptospermeae. — Leaves scattered or rarely opposite, small or narrow and coriaceous, 1 or more-nerved, rarely penniveined. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves or bracts, closely sessile except in a very few species. Stamens indefinite, in 1 or more rows, free or united in bundles opposite the petals, or very rarely definite. Anthers versatile, with distinct parallel cells. Ovules in 2 or more rows in each cell of the ovary. Embryo straight or slightly incurved, the cotyledons usually longer than the radicle.
Stamens in a single row, definite or indefinite, shorter than or rarely shortly exceeding the petals, free or united in bundles, alternating with the petals. Leaves small or narrow, alternate.
Stamens free, definite, or, if indefinite, none opposite the centre of the
petals. Flowers in globular sessile heads 9. Agonis.
Stamens numerous, in a continuous series. Flowers solitary or crowded,
but not in heads 10. Leptospermum.
Stamens exceeding the petals, indefinite, either free or united in bundles, opposite the petals. Leaves small or narrow, or rarely large and many- nerved. Flowers closely sessile (except in some species of Kunzea ).
Anthers versatile, with parallel cells, opening longitudinally.
Stamens free (almost in 5 bundles in 1 species of Callistemon).
Calyx-lobes usually persistent. Ovary 2 to 5-celled. Seeds pendulous.
Flowers in heads or solitary, or rarely in short spikes 11. Kunzea.
Calyx-lobes usually deciduous. Ovary 3 or 4-eelled. Seeds ascending.
Flowers in spikes, terminal or crowned by the year’s shoot .... 12. Cat.ustemox.
574
LI. MYRTACEiE.
Stamens united in 5 bundles opposite the petals (almost free in one species of Melaleuca ). Staminal bundles distinct or scarcely united at the base.
Ovules several in each cell 13. Melaleuca.
Subtribe III. Eucalypteae. — Leaves opposite or alternate, coriaceous, usually large. Flowers usually 3 or more in umbels, sometimes reduced to heads, or very rarely in cymes or solitary ; the common peduncle axillary or in a terminal corymb or panicle. Calyx truncate, entire or remotely toothed. Petals attached by a broad base, distinct or consolidated into an operculum. Stamens indefinite, in several series, free or obscurely united into 4 bundles ; anthers various. Ovules indefinite in each cell. Embryo with the cotyledons longer than the radicle and often folded over it.
Stamens numerous, free or obscurely united at the base. Petals attached by a broad base, free or consolidated into an operculum. Leaves usually large. Flowers in umbels, heads, or cymes, rarely sessile on the stem.
Calyx-teeth distinct, distant. Petals free 14. Anoophoka.
Calyx truncate, entire or with 4 minute teeth. Petals united in an oper- culum 15. Eucalyptus.
Subtribe IV. IVIetrosidei’ese. -J. eaves opposite or rarely alternate, Myrtle-like or large, penniveined. Flowers usually in little cymes, corymbs, or short racemes, axillary or in terminal panicles, rarely solitary in the axils and then pedicellate. Stamens numerous, free or rarely united in bundles opposite the petals ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovules few or many in each cell of the ovary, in 2 or more rows. Embryo straight or slightly curved, the cotyledons longer than the radicle.
(This subtribe has nearly the flowers and embryo of Euleptospermew, but a different in- florescence, and a habit approaching that of Myrtece.—Benth.)
Stamens exceeding the petals, indefinite, free, or rarely united in bundles opposite the petals. Leaves large or myrtle-like, penniveined. Flowers in pedunculate heads, cymes or corymbs, or rarely solitary and pedi- cellate.
(Stamens scarcely exceeding the petals in some species of Tristania.)
Stamens united in 5 bundles. Leaves alternate or in one species opposite 16. Tristania.
Outer stamens with reniform sterile anthers. Leaves opposite, narrow . 18. Lysicarpus. Flowers in globular pedunculate heads. Leaves opposite. Stamens of
Metrosideros 17. Syncarpia.
Flowers in cymes. Stamens free, all perfect.
Ovules numerous, horizontal or ascending, covering the placenta.
Leaves opposite 19. Metrosideros.
Ovules in a ring round a club-shaped or peltate placenta. Leaves
alternate 20. Xanthostemon.
Ovules pendulous or recurved. Calyx-lobes almost petal-like. Leaves
opposite 21. Backhousia.
Stamens indefinite, free. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Ovary perfectly or imper- fectly 2-celled or 1-celled by abortion.
Calyx-lobes almost petal-like. Petals 4, shorter than or scarcely exceeding
the calyx-lobes. Flowers in cymes, heads or umbels 21. Backhousia.
Calyx-lobes 8. Petals none. Flowers solitary, sessile 22. Osbornia.
Calyx-lobes 5, narrow. Petals 5. Flowers solitary, pedicellate .... 27. Fenzlia.
Tribe III. Myrte.£. — Ovary divided into 2 or more cells, or very rarely 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Fruit an indehiscent berry or drupe.
Limb of calyx closed in bud, with the lobes subimbricate, rather deeply
valvately divided when in flower 23. ‘Psidium.
Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Leaves 3-nerved 26. Rhodamnia.
Ovary 2-celled (or 1-celled by abortion), with 2 or 3 superposed ovules in
each cell. Leaves white underneath 27. Fenzlia.
Ovary with 2, 4, or 6 rows of superposed ovules, separated by vertical septa, the ovules themselves separated by transverse septa (1, 2, or 3-celled, with double rows of ovules in each cell, all separated by spurious septa).
Leaves sometimes 3-nerved 24. Rhodomyrtus.
Ovary 2 or 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell, without spurious dissepiments.
Embryo long and narrow, curved, circular, or spiral, with small cotyledons.
Flowers 5-merous or rarely 4-merous, solitary or racemose 25. Myrtus.
Embryo thick and fleshy, either indivisible or with 2 thick fleshy cotyledons and a short radicle. Flowers 4-merous or rarely 5-merous,
solitary or in trichotomous cymes or panicles 29. Eugenia.
Ovary 5 or rarely 4-celled, with 2 to 6 ovules in each cell. Embryo of Myrtus 28. Decabpermum. (One species of Kunzea has the fruit succulent and pulpy.)
LI. MYRTACEjE.
575
Tklbe IY. Lecythideje.
Subtribe I. Barring'toniese. — Ovary divided more or less completely into 2 or more cells. Fruit indehiscent, hard and fibrous or fleshy. Leaves alternate or croicded at the ends of the
branches, large, not dotted. Calyx often nearly valvate.
Stamens all perfect. Fruit angular, fibrous, with a single seed 30. Barringtonia.
Outer or inner stamens or both without anthers. Fruit ovoid or globular,
not angular, fleshy, with several seeds enveloped in pulp 31. Cakeya.
1. DARWINIA, Rudge.
(After Dr. Darwin.)
(Genetyllis, DC.; Hedaroma, Lindl.; Polyzone, Endl.; Schuermannia, F. v. M.;
Cryptostemon, F. v. M.; Franciscia, Endl.)
Calyx-tube nearly cylindrical, turbinate or hemispherical, the lower adnate part more or less distinctly 5 or rarely 10-ribbed, the upper disk-bearing free portion scarcely ribbed ; lobes 5, scarious or petal-like, often very minute. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia, very shortly united at the base in a single ring, or rarely the staminodia when broad forming an outer row ; anthers globular, opening in 2 minute pores near the scarcely prominent connective. Ovary 1 -celled, with 2, 3, and very rarely (except in D. micropetala, a South Australian species) 4 ovules, inserted on a very short basal, usually excentric placenta. Style exserted, usually long, and more or less bearded towards the end ; stigma terminal, minute or capitate. Fruit formed of the slightly-enlarged and somewhat hardened calyx. Seed usually solitary, filling the fruit, testa very thin. Embryo con- sisting of a homogeneous mass or thick radicle of the shape of the seed, with a rather slender neck lying along the flattened apex, entire, or perhaps divided at the point into two minute cotyledons. — Shrubs with usually a heath- like or Diosma- like habit. Leaves small, opposite or scattered, entire. Flowers small, nearly sessile, or shortly pedicellate in the upper axils, or in terminal heads, the floral leaves or bracts either large and coloured, or small like the stem-leaves. Bracteoles thin and scarious, concave, and keeled, enclosing the young bud, and very deciduous, or small, narrow, and more persistent.
The genus is limited to Australia.
Section I. Genetyllis. — Calyx-lobes not exceeding half the length of the petals, and often very minute. Flowers in single terminal heads, rarely becoming lateral by the elongation of the central axis. — Benth.
Leaves crowded, not opposite, semiterete or triquetrous. Flowers sessile or
nearly so, in terminal heads. Calyx 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth .... 1. D. fascicularis.
Section II. Schuermannia, F. v. M. — Calyx-lobes as long as the petals, or longer. Flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, few or forming compound heads or corymbs, or rarely simple.
Flowers few in the upper axils. Calyx glabrous. Leaves opposite, obovate.
Flowers pedicellate. Petals half as long as the calyx-lobes. Ovules 6 . . 2. D. Thomasii.
1. D. fascicularis (flowers in fascicles), Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. 299, t. 22 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 13. An erect much-branched heath-like shrub. Leaves scattered, often crowded, linear, slender, semiterete or obtusely triquetrous, subulate-pointed, mostly 4 to 5 lines long, shortly petiolate, the floral ones not different or slightly longer. Flowers about 6 to 12 together in terminal heads within the last leaves. Bracteoles narrow and short. Calyx slender, not 3 lines long, the adnate part prominently 5-ribbed, otherwise smooth ; lobes very small and scale-like. Petals broad, about ^ line long. Staminodia short and filiform. Style long and slender. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 36, t. 2 D.
Hab.: Southern localities.
576
LI. MYRTACE^.
[Darwinta.
2. D. Thomasii (after Dr. D. J. Thomas), Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 181 and FI. Austr. iii. 15. Slender and somewhat glaucous. Leaves opposite, obovate-falcate, very oblique, the midrib near the shorter edge, and terminating in a short recurved point or acute angle, the floral ones not different. Flowers large, pink, on pedicels of 3 lines or more in the upper axils. Bracteoles persis- tent, almost petal-like, obtuse, with a sharp point about 3 lines long. Calyx-tube rather narrow, about as long as the bracteoles ; lobes petal-like, obovate-oblong, about 2 lines long, minutely denticulate. Petals orbicular, entire, about half as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens shorter than the petals ; anthers globular, the cells opening in long pores ; staminodia rather shorter, adnate at the base to the filaments of the petaline stamens. Style twice as long as the calyx, shortly bearded below the stigma. Ovules 6. — Chamalaucium Thomasii, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 137, t. 30.
Hab.: Sandstone country, head of Cape River, Bowman.
2. HOMORANTHUS, A. Cunn.
(Flowers regular.)
Calyx-tube narrow, the adnate part 5-ribbed ; lobes 5, subulate, longer than the petals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia, and united with them very shortly at the base in a single ring. Anthers globular, opening in 2 minute pores near the scarcely prominent connective. Ovary 1 -celled, with about 4 ovules inserted on a short basal placenta. Style exserted, bearded towards the end ; stigma terminal, minute. Fruit . . . — Shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers 2 to 4 together at the ends of the branches.
The genus is limited to a single species, only differing from Darwinia in the subulate calyx- lobes. — Benth.
1. H. virgatus (twiggy), A. Cunn. in Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 41, t. 3 A; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 15. Spreading or diffuse. Leaves linear, slender, triquetrous, often falcate, obtuse or shortly acute, J to fin. long, the floral ones not different. Flowers 2 to 4 together at the ends of the branches, nearly sessile. Bracteoles broad, concave, keeled, scarious, enclosing the young bud but falling off long before the flower expands. Calyx-tube 2| lines long, prominently 5-ribbed, and the adnate part somewhat rugose between the ribs. Petals broad, about f line long. Staminodia filiform. Ovules in all the flowers examined 4, according to Schauer 4 to 8 (Benth.) (3 or 4, F. v. M.) Style not very long. Stigma barbellulate or glabrescent. — H. flavescens, A. Cunn. in Schau. l.c. 40, t. 3 B.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller.
I can discover no difference whatever between the two supposed species. — Benth.
3. VERTICORDIA, DC.
(Derivation obscure.)
(Chrysorrhoe, Lindl.)
Calyx-tube hemispherical turbinate or rarely cylindrical, the adnate part 5 or 10-ribbed, or smooth ; lobes 5, spreading, deeply divided into digitate pectinate or ciliate lobes, or into numerous long, simple, hair-like lobes or cilia, with, in some species, accessory lobes, alternating with and outside the principal ones, scarious, reflexed on the tube, with long cilia turned up again from the base of the calyx ; occasionally also 5 herbaceous appendages reflexed on the tube under the primary lobes. Petals 5, entire fringed or digitate. Stamens 10, alternating with as many staminodia, more or less united at the base in a ring or broad tube in a single row, or the staminodia when broad forming an outer series ; anthers ither globular and 2-porose, as in Darwinia, or with 2 parallel cells opening in
Vert icordia .]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
577
longitudinal slits as in Chamcelaucium. Ovary 1 -celled, either with 2 or 4 ovules on a small excentric placenta, or about 8 or 10 on a more or less peltate placenta. Style included or shortly exserted, rarely elongated ; stigma terminal, small, or capitate or peltate. Fruit formed by the hardened base of the slightly enlarged persistent calyx. Seed usually solitary, testa very thin ; embryo consisting of a homogeneous mass of the shape of the seed, with a slender neck lying along the flattened apex, entire or perhaps divided at the point into two minute cotyledons. — Shrubs with usually a heath-like or Diosma-like aspect, glabrous except the cilia on the edges of the leaves. Leaves small, opposite or rarely (in V. serrata, a West Australian species) alternate, entire. Flowers usually pedicellate in the upper axils, forming often broad terminal leafy corymbs, or simple leafy spikes or racemes below the ends of the branches ; the elegantly plumose radiating calyx-lobes often coloured, the floral leaves resembling the upper stem-leaves, but in some species all the upper leaves short, broad, and concave, whilst the lower ones are slender and triquetrous. Bracteoles thin and scarious, folded over each other or enclosing the flower-bud, but very deciduous, or rarely connate at the base and persistent, the keel often terminating in a point at or below the apex, very variable in length even in the same species.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is characterised by the calyx.
1. V. Cunninghamii (after Allan Cunningham), Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 55 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 29. A tall erect shrub. Leaves linear, triquetrous or concave, obtuse or mucronate, mostly |ln. but sometimes fin. long. Flowers on pedicels of about f to -Jin. in the upper axils, forming short terminal almost corymbose racemes arranged in a long leafy panicle. Calyx- tube hemispherical, 10-ribbed ; primary lobes 5, spreading to |in. diameter, each one deeply divided into long digitate pectinate-ciliate lobes, the lateral ones reflexed on the tube, but no accessory lobes. Petals much shorter than the calyx-lobes, ovate, fringed with irregular teeth. Stamens shortly united above the calyx ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally, adnate to a connectivum, thickened at the end into a small fleshy appendage ; staminodia linear, entire. Style shortly exserted, with a ring of hairs round the capitate stigma. Ovules 8 or 10.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
4. CALYTHRIX, Labill.
(Referring to hairs of calyx.)
(Calycothrix, Endl.)
Calyx-tube elongated, usually slender, 10-ribbed, adnate to the ovary at the base or its whole length ; lobes 5, spreading, short, with scarious margins, the midrib produced into a long rigid or hair-like awn, or rarely tapering into a shorter point. Petals 5, entire, spreading, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, numerous or rarely 7 to 12, in several rows, the inner ones shorter, deciduous ; filaments filiform, quite free ; anthers small, versatile ; cells parallel, opening in longitudinal slits, connective with a small globular gland-like appendage, rarely thickened or conical and larger than the cells. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules 2, collaterally erect, on a filiform placenta attached to the base and to the summit of the cavity, and sometimes continuous with the style. Style filiform, glabrous, with a small capitate stigma. Fruit formed by the lower, usually fusiform, part of the calyx-tube, and usually crowned by the persistent remainder of the calyx. Seed solitary, cylindrical ; testa very thin ; embryo of the shape of the seed, quite straight, very shortly 2-lobed at the upper end. — Heath-like shrubs. Leaves scattered (not opposite), small, semiterete or 8 or 4-angled or rarely flat and rigid, entire, with occasionally minute hair-like deciduous stipules. Flowers usually shortly pedicellate, solitary in the upper axils, either in terminal leafy heads or
578
LI. MYRTACE^E.
[Calythrix.
more frequently below the ends of the branches. Bracteoles persistent, rigid, continuous with the thickened pedicels, and often united at the base into a turbinate cup, and in the free part overlapping each other and enclosing the base or nearly the whole of the calyx-tube.
The genus is limited to Australia. It has been divided by some according to the presence or absence of stipules, but this character is wholly unavailable in practice. The stipules, when present, are rudimentary only, and so minute and fugacious, that it is often impossible to discover them in some specimens of species where they are occasionally the most conspicuous. Other botanists, again, have, from the number of stamens, distributed the species into decandrous and icosandrous, or even given in the diagnosis stamens 8, 10, 20, or about 40, but I have found them to vary in this respect in all the species. The majority have above 30 stamens, whilst in the few supposed to be decandrous, the number varies from 7 to about 15, and are not arranged in any regular relation to the sepals and petals, as in the genera with definite stamens. The colour of the flowers appears to be constant in individual species, yellow in some, pink or lilac in others, white in C. tetragona, but not of sufficient importance to be available for sectional grouping. The most tangible character I have found lies in the shape of the calyx- tube and its relation to the ovary, although it is often difficult to verify it without a careful analysis, and, in habit, the majority of the species are very much alike. — Benth.
A. Calyx-tube slender, slightly fusiform and adnate to the ovary below the middle, the upper slender part terete, free, enclosing the base of the style, which is usually persistent, the staminal
disk forming a ring round it but free from it.
Bracteoles much shorter than the calyx-tube, connate, from quarter to half their length.
Leaves from under 4 line to about 1 line long, minutely ciliate and usually
acute and prominently keeled. Petals narrow, acute 1. C, microphylla.
Leaves mostly about 2 lines long, acutely keeled and often minutely ciliate 2. C. longirlora. Leaves slender, semiterete, 2 to 4 lines long, crowded, not ciliate . . . 3. C. leptophylla.
B. Calyx-tube slender, slightly fusiform and adnate to the ovary beloiv the middle, the upper slender part terete, solid inside, terminating in a short broadly campanulate or turbinate free portion.
Flowers white, usually in terminal leafy heads or short spikes 4. C. tetragona.
C. Calyx-tube pubescent, oblong, more or less contracted above the ovary, the free part short; lobes with very short awns or points.
Calyx-tube nearly glabrous, line long, slightly contracted above the ovary.
Leaves very fine, 2 to 3 lines long 5. C. laricina.
1. C. microphylla (small-leaved), A. Cunn. in But. May. under n. 8323 ;
Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 49. A tall shrub, or, on banks of streams, a small
tree, with numerous small branchlets covered with imbricated leaves.
Leaves thick and triquetrous, from under § line long and almost obtuse, to above 1 line long and acute, more or less ciliate with very short rigid hairs, or when luxuriant quite glabrous. Flowers (of a rich red ?) on thick pedicels of about a line in the upper axils of the short branchlets, forming showy corymbose or oblong leafy panicles. Bracteoles about 2 lines long, setaceous- acuminate, connate at the base. Calyx-tube scarcely 3 lines long when first flowering, but lengthening to 5 lines, slightly fusiform below the middle, the slender upper portion free, enclosing the style ; lobes ovate, acuminate, wdth hair- like awns from half the length of to longer than the petals. Petals narrow, acute, 4 to 5 lines long. Stamens numerous ; connective-gland small. — Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 89 ; C. exstipulata, DC. Prod. iii. 208, according to Schauer ; C. cupressifolia, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 41, t. 16 C. ( cupressoides, A. Rich. l.c. 43).
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brdicn.
2. C. longiflora (flowers long), F. v. M. Fratjm. i. 12 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 49. A tall handsome shrub, quite glabrous. Leaves oblong-linear or cuneate, obtuse or shortly mucronate, l\ to 2 lines long, or nearly 3 lines on luxuriant shoots, rigid with acute denticulate-ciliate margins, and a very prominent acute keel. Flowers large (pink ?) on short thick pedicels, in the axils of small floral leaves, forming terminal heads on the short branchlets. Bracteoles about 14 line
Calythrix .]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
579
long, connate at the base, truncate and finely mucronate. Calyx-tube attaining 6 lines, cylindrical, the adnate portion scarcely fusiform, the upper free portion about as long, not more slender, enclosing the style ; lobes short, broad, with long hair-like awns. Petals acute, 4 to 5 lines long. Stamens very numerous ; connective-gland small.
Hab.: In the interior, Mitchell : Suttor River, F. r. Mueller.
3. C. leptophylla (leaves slender), Benth. Ft. Austr. iii. 50. Quite glabrous. Leaves crowded on the short branchlets, slender, linear, semiterete or triquetrous, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, mostly about 2 lines. Flowers (pink ?) nearly sessile in the upper axils, much smaller than in C. longiflora, but otherwise similar. Bracteoles connate below the middle, acutely acuminate, about 2 lines long. Calyx-tube slender, about 4 lines long, the lower portion scarcely fusiform, the upper cylindrical portion free, enclosing the style. Petals and stamens not seen.
Hal>.: Newcastle Range, F. v. Mueller.
A single specimen snatched in breaking through the scrub, and communicated under the name of C. tenuifolia, which is now, however, preocuppied by a species of Meissner’s. It is evidently very near C. longiflora and G. microphylla, but can scarcely be considered as conspecific with either. — Benth.
4. C. tetragona (four-angled), Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. ii. 8, t. 146 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 50. An elegant shrub, usually of 2 or 3ft., but sometimes drawn up to a much greater height, glabrous pubescent or hirsute with short rigid hairs, the branches virgate or spreading. Leaves erect or spreading, linear, triquetrous or convex underneath, obtuse or mucronulate, mostly 2 to 3 lines long, or when luxuriant nearly twice as long, the stipules which have been chiefly observed in this species so minute and deciduous as to be rarely seen. Flowers white or pink, nearly sessile in the upper axils, forming dense terminal short or oblong leafy heads, becoming lateral by the elongation of the shoots, especially in poor cultivated specimens. Bracteoles free, scarious, keeled, about 2 lines long. Calyx-tube about 2 lines at the time of flowering, lengthening out to 4 lines or even more, the lower portion fusiform, produced into a long slender solid neck or stipes to the short campanulate or turbinate free part ; lobes ovate, with fine awns longer than the petals. Petals obtuse, about 2 lines long. Stamens usually above 20 ; connective gland small. Style inserted on the summit of the solid neck of the calyx. — F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 36 ; C. glabra, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 409 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 586; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 127 ; C. glabra, C. tetra- ptera, and C. scabra, DC. Prod. iii. 208 ; Mem. Myrt. t. 1 ; C. ericoides, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 350; <J. virgata, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. t. 3323; C. brunioides, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. under the same n.; C. Billardierii , C. virgata, C. scabra, and C. brunioides, Schau. Myrt. Xeroc. 93 to 97 ; C. Brown'd, Schau. l.c. 108, and probably C. Baueri, Schau. l.c. 109 ; C. pubescens, Sweet in G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 811; C. Behriana, Schlecht. Linn*, xx. 650; C. Schlechten- dahlii, G. rosea, C. leucantha, C. squarrosa, C. monticola, G. Muelleri, Miq. in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 116 to 119.
Hab.: Stanthorpe and other inland localities.
This is undoubtedly a variable species, and individual specimens often exhibit very striking differences, but the numerous species founded upon it have been chiefly distinguished by the degree of pubescence, by the size and direction of the leaves, the length of the calyx-tube, and other characters, often dependent on age, luxuriance, or local circumstances, and which, in the large mass of specimens I have examined, show such insensible gradations that I have in vain sought to class them in distinct varieties by any tangible characters. Amidst all these variations, this species is reaiily distinguished by the short free part of the calyx always much broader than the neck of the adnate part, although it varies from narrow campanulate to very broadly turbinate. — Benth.
580
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Calythrix.
5. C. laricina (Larch-like), B. Br.; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 52. A much- branched shrub, spreading, and scarcely lift, high in barren open places, attaining 6 to 7ft. in moist situations. Leaves linear, subulate, slender, triquetrous, mucronate, 2 to 8 lines long, crowded on the smaller branchlets. Flowers small, nearly sessile, crowded below the ends of the branches. Bracts truncate or shortly acuminate, ciliate, much shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx- tube about If lines long, pubescent or nearly glabrous, the free part scarcely contracted ; lobes at first broadly lanceolate, ciliate, not so long as the tube, the short awn scarcely exceeding the cilia, after flowering the lobes are longer and taper into a more prominent awn.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria. R. Brown.
5. HOMALOCALYX, F. v. Muell.
(Calyx smooth.)
Calyx-tube cylindrical or turbinate, the upper free part short and broad ; lobes 5, petal-like, entire, deciduous. Petals 5, entire, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, few or many, free, deciduous, the inner ones shorter, filaments filiform ; anthers with two parallel cells opening longitudinally, the connective thickened into a terminal gland. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 ovules on a short basal excentrical placenta. Style filiform, glabrous with a small capitate stigma. Fruit . . . — Heath-like glabrous shrubs. Leaves scattered (not opposite), usually crowded, small, entire. Flowers nearly sessile along the branches, solitary in the axils of the leaves. Bracteoles broad, usually persistent.
A small genus, limited to Australia, allied to Lhotzkya (a South Australian, Victorian, and West Australian genus, but so far not met with in Queensland) in its petals and stamens, and in some measure to Thryptomene in the ovary, differing from both in the deciduous calyx-lobes. The ripe fruit is unknown, but in the farthest advanced state that I have seen there is no tendency to the hardening of the endocarp as in Thryptomene. — Bentli.
Leaves linear, mucronate. Calyx-tube cylindrical, lobes and petals acute.
Stamens 9 to 15 1 . H. ericaus.
Leaves oblong-triquetrous, obtuse. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, lobes and
petals broad, obtuse. Stamens 20 to 30 2. H. polyandrns.
1. H. ericaeus (Heath-like), F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 309; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 56. A small shrub, erect, with slender virgate branches, or spreading and almost procumbent. Leaves crowded, linear, rigid, acutely triquetrous or concave, mucronate, f to fin. long. Flowers nearly sessile, or shortly pedicellate in the upper axils. Bracteoles broad, much shorter than the calyx-tube, veined, scarious only at the edges. Calyx-tube oblong-cylindrical, If line long in flower, longer afterwards, the free part short ; lobes lanceolate, acute, about 1 line long, very deciduous. Petals similar to the calyx-lobes, but rather longer. Stamens 9 to 15 ; anthers small. Ovules 2, collateral, erect on a short basal excentrical placenta, which does not appear to be continued beyond the ovules. Young fruit 1-seeded, enclosed in the enlarged truncate calyx-tube. Thryptomene homalocalyx, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 68.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
2. H. polyandrus (stamens numerous), F. v. M. Herb ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 56. Leaves erect, oblong, triquetrous, very obtuse, If to 2 lines long. Flowers on very short pedicels in the upper axils. Bracteoles persistent, very broad, keeled, scarious, forming a truncate cup enclosing the calyx. Calyx-tube very short, broadly turbinate ; lobes orbicular, nearly If line diameter. Petals about the same, and apparently falling off with them. Stamens 20 to 30, crowded almost into a single row ; the filaments all short, but the inner ones still shorter and more indexed ; anthers small with a rather large gland to the
LI. MYRTACEiE.
581
Homalocalyx .]
connective. Ovary very short and broad in the base of the calyx-tube, with 2 ovules erect on a short basal placenta. — Thryptomene polyandra, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 77.
Hab.: Without locality, Leichhardt.
The specimens are not good, most of the flowers injured or deformed by insects, but the best appear to have the calyx-lobes, petals, and stamens very deciduous, as in H. ericaus, leaving a truncate fruiting-calyx concealed within the persistent bracteoles. — Bentli.
6. THRYPTOMENE, Endl.
(Derivation obscure.)
(Paryphanthe, Schau.; Astrsea, Schau.; Eremopyxis, Baill.)
Calyx-tube hemispherical turbinate, ovoid or shortly cylindrical, adnate to the top or the free part broader ; lobes 5, persistent (unless the free part of the calyx falls off), petal-like or scarious, spreading, entire. Petals 5, persistent, usually connivent over the stamens. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, or 10, often inserted within the margin of the disk ; filaments short ; anther-cells globular or obovoid, separately inserted on the connective and usually pendulous, either smooth and opening by pores or furrowed and opening by pores or short slits in the furrow. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled, the cavity usually small near the top of the calyx-tube, with 2 or rarely 4 ovules on a short basal placenta either excentrical or adhering to one side of the cavity, or rarely the cavity occupies the greater part of the tube, with several ovules in 2 rows on a lateral placenta. Style short, glabrous, with a small capitate stigma. Fruit, where known, formed by the hardened but scarcely enlarged base of the calyx crowned by the persistent calyx- lobes and petals ; endocarp cartilaginous or hardened, usually globular, indehis- cent or separating into 2 cocci open on the inner face, containing either 1 globular or 2 hemispherical or slightly reniform seeds ; testa very thin ; embryo folded, the radicular end very thick, the other fold much shorter, narrow with ovate coty- ledons.—Heath-like glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, small, entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, or rarely 2 or 3 in the same axil, small, nearly sessile or pedicellate. Bracteoles 2 under the calyx, scarious or green in the centre, usually small and in many species so deciduous as to be rarely found on the specimens.
The genus is limited to Australia. With the habit of Backea, it has most of the characteristics of the Chamcclauciea, with peculiar anthers. The hardened endocarp appears also to be charac- teristic, but perfect fruits have only been seen in a very few species, and very frequently the seeds are abortive, although enlarged and converted into a hard granular apparently homogeneous mass. In some species, where the cavity of the ovary is very small and quite at the summit of the calyx-tube, the ovules, although really arising from the base of the cavity, appear as they enlarge into the lower part of the tube to be pendulous, but when examined at the time of flowering I have never found them to be really pendulous as in Micromyrtus. — Bentli.
1. T. oligandra (flowers few), F. v. M. Fraym. i. 11 ; Bentli. FI. Anstr. iii. 63. Arborescent, with numerous slender rigid branchlets. Leaves spreading, broadly ovate or obovate, flat with the midrib and often the primary veins conspicuous underneath, very obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers almost sessile, solitary or 2 or 3 together in each axil along the branchlets. Bracteoles orbicular, small. Calyx-tube turbinate, prominently 10-ribbed ; lobes petal-like, spreading to about 2 lines diameter. Petals rather shorter than the calyx-lobes, connivent. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals ; anther-cells violet, globular, distinct, furrowed, opening in short slits ; connective-gland prominent. Ovules 2, on a lateral almost basal placenta in a small cavity near the top of the calyx-tube.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, If . Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; sandstone tableland on the Suttor, F. v. Mueller ; Lizard Island, M'Gillivray.
Var. parviflora, F. v. M. Leaves linear-oblong or cuneate, erect or spreading at the top, obtuse or mucronulate, 1 to 2 lines long, concave above, convex underneath, without any prominent midrib. Flowers very small, nearly sessile and solitary in the upper axils. Bracteoles
582
LI. MYRTACE^.
[Thryptomene.
ovate, very deciduous. Calyx-tube scarcely £ line long, the flowers otherwise as in T. oliyandra. Hab.: Barren places, Gilbert River, Gulf of Carpentaria, V. v. Mueller. The foliage, like that of some Epacridece, and the very small flowers, seem almost sufficient to characterise a distinct species. — Benth.
7. MICROMYRTUS, Benth.
(A small Myrtle.)
Calyx-tube cylindrical or turbinate, 5 or 10-ribbed ; lobes small, petal-like or scarious, persistent, sometimes reduced to a narrow or scarcely distinguishable border. Petals 5, obovate or orbicular, deciduous or rarely persistent and spread- ing. Stamens 5 opposite the petals, or 10, those opposite the sepals inserted usually within the margin of the disk ; anther-cells distinct, almost globular, opening in parallel divergent or divaricate slits. Ovary adnate, 1 -celled ; style short, filiform, glabrous, with a capitate stigma ; ovules 2, or rarely 4 to 8, collaterally attached at or near the summit of a filiform placenta extending from the base to the top of the cavity. Fruit enclosed in the hardened scarcely enlarged calyx-tube and crowned by the limb, indehiscent. Seed solitary, filling the fruit ; testa thin ; embryo of the shape of the seed, consisting chiefly of the thick fleshy clavate radicular portion with a short slender neck turned up against one side, and rather deeply divided into 2 linear cotyledons. — Glabrous shrubs, with the habit of the small-leaved or more slender species of Bceckea. Leaves opposite, small, entire. Flowers small, white or pink, solitary and shortly pedicellate or almost sessile in the axils of the leaves. Bracteoles 2, scarious, close under the calyx, often enclosing the bud, but very deciduous.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is nearly allied to Thryptomene, but differs essentially in the ovules and in the placentation, and in most cases in the very deciduous petals. The stamens also, when 5, are opposite the petals, not alternate with them, and the fruit never appears to have the hardened endocarp observable in many species of Thryptomene. — Benth.
Stamens 5. Petals often persistent. Ovules 2, 4, or more.
Calyx-tube ovate-turbinate, not exceeding 1 line. Ovules 4 1. M. microphylla.
Calyx-tube narrow, exceeding 1 line. Ovules 6 to 8 2. M. leptocalyx.
1. IVT. microphylla (small-leaved), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 65. Erect or diffuse and much-branched. Leaves usually obovate-triquetrous, rather thick, very obtuse, and under 1 line long, but sometimes passing from that to nearly linear, semiterete and nearly 2 lines long, decussate on the smaller branches, the upper ones sometimes minutely dentate-cil'ate. Flowers nearly sessile in the upper axils, usually forming numerous little almost corymbose leafy racemes on the smaller branches. Bracteoles short, concave, keeled. Calyx-tube ovoid- turbinate, prominently 5-ribbed, about 1 line long ; lobes orbicular, scarious, £ to f line long. Petals orbicular, spreading, deciduous or sometimes persistent, about 1 line diameter. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ; filaments filiform, rather thick ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective tipped with 1 or 2 globular glands, rarely both wanting. Ovules 4, suspended in pairs from the top of the cavity. Embryo with the slender portion half as long as the thick radicular end and deeply 2-lobed. — Imbricaria ciliata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 259 ; Stereoxylon eiliatum, Poir. Diet. Suppl. v. 247 ; Escallonia ciliata, Roem. and Sehult. Syst. v. 329 ; Bceckea microphylla, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 149, DC. Prod. iii. 230, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 30; B. plicata, F. v. M. Fragtn. i. 30; Thryptomene plicata, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 63.
Hab.: Many southern localities.
2. 1VI. leptocalyx (calyx slender), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 65. A bushy shrub, attaining about 6ft. Leaves linear-triquetrous, decussate and imbricate on the smaller branches as in 3/. microphylla, but rather longer. Flowers larger than in that species, on pedicels either exceedingly short or sometimes attaining
Micromyrtus.]
LI. MYRTACE/E.
583
1 line. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, attaining 1J line ; lobes orbicular, scarious, about half as long as the petals. Stamens 5, opposite the petals. Ovary 1-celled with a cluster of 6 to 8 ovules suspended from the top of the cavity on a filiform placenta arising from the base as in .V. tnicrophylla. — Backed leptocalyx, F. v. M. Fragrn. i. 30.
Hab.: Near Mount Pluto, Mitchell.
8. B/ECKEA, Linn.
(After A. B;eck.)
'Jungia, Geertn.; Imbricaria, Sm . : Schidiomyrtus, Binzia, Euryomyrtus, Camphoromyrtus,
Tetrapora, Harmogia, and Oxymyrrhine, Schau.; Babingtonia, Lindl.; Ericomyrtus, Turcz.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or hemispherical, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad and open ; lobes 5, imbricate, continuous with the tube or more or less scarious, usually persistent. Petals 5, broadly obovate or orbicular, longer than the calyx-lobes, spreading. Stamens rarely exceeding 20 and often under 10, free, in a single row round the margin of the disk, and usually horizontally inflected in the bud. Filaments filiform or flat ; anther-cells united or distinct, opening in longitudinal slits or in small pores. Ovary adnate to the lower part of the calyx-tube or enclosed in it, and rather more or less convex at the top or semiadnate or free except the broad base, 2 or 3-celled, with 2 collateral or several ovules in each cell, in 2 rows or in a ring round a more or less peltate placenta ; style filiform, glabrous, inserted in a deep tubular or rarely shallow depression in the centre of the ovary ; stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule partially or wholly superior, enclosed in the scarcely enlarged calyx-tube, opening at the top locu- licidally in 2 or 3 valves. Seeds either 1 or 2 in each cell and reniform, or several and more or less angular; testa thin or slightly crustaceous; embryo filling the seed, the radicular portion thick and clavate, with a slender short neck folded against the side and shortly divided into 2 ovate or oblong cotyledons. — Heath-like "glabrous shrubs. Leaves small, opposite, entire. Flowers small, white or pink, either solitary in the axils on a peduncle articulate at, above, or rarely below the middle, with 2 small bracteoles at the articulation, or several together on a short common peduncle with a small bract at the base of each pedicel.
The genus is chiefly Australian, but one of the common East Australian species extends into New Caledonia, and 2 or 3 others not Australian are found in New Caledonia or in the Indian Archipelago and S. China. — Benth.
Much as several of the species differ from each other in the stamens as well as in the ovary, it is exceedingly difficult to distribute the whole into good sections, for the different forms appear either to pass into each other by almost insensible gradations, or to be strictly monotypic, and none have appeared to me to be sufficiently accompanied by differences in habit or by any combination of characters to justify the adoption of any of the long list of separate genera proposed by Schauer and others. The presence or absence of the five stamens opposed to the petals is perhaps the most marked, but even that appears to be uncertain in the few cases where the stamens exceed 20. — Benth.
Stamens few or numerous, hut none opposite the centre of the petals, excepting very rarely, when there are more than 20. Ovules several in each cell.
Section I. Schidiomyrtus. — Anther-cells distinct, parallel, openiny longitudinally to the
base. Flowers solitary. Ovary 2 -celled.
Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, flat or concave, 1£ to 3 lines long . . . 1 . B. crenulata.
Leaves concave, from narrow-obovate and 1 line to to linear-cuneate and 3
lines long. Calyx-lobes dentieulate-ciliate 2. B. diosmifolia.
Leaves linear-subulate, usually long.
Calyx-tube broadly turbinate. Stamens 10 to 15 3. B. linijolia.
Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate Stamens about 5. Flowers very small . . 4. B. stenophylla.
Section II. Harmogia. — Anther-cells distinct, nearly globular; deeply furrowed, parallel or divergent, and opening more or less in longitudinal slits in the furrows. Ovary S-celled, with several ovules in each cell.
Part II. S
584 LI. MYRTACEiE. [Barked.
Leaves flat. Flowers often clustered or umbellate.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or narrow-oblong, 4 lines to lin. long. Flowers
mostly in pedunculate umbels 5. B. virgata.
Leaves slender, mostly imbricate-decussate or short, the recurved points minute or none. Filaments not clavate. Slits of anther-cells almost shortened to pores G . B. tlensifolia.
1. B. crenulata (leaves crenulate), DC. Prod. iii. 230; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 78. Branches virgate. Leaves broadly obovate or orbicular, flat or concave, obtuse or almost acute, usually minutely denticulate-ciliate, often imbricate, If to nearly 8 lines long, the floral ones mostly longer than the others. Flowers nearly sessile along the branches, solitary in each axil, shorter than or scarcely exceed- ing the leaves. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, concave, deciduous. Calyx-tube about 1 line long, the adnate part narrow-turbinate, the free part broad ; lobes ovate, f line long, slightly scarious on the edges. Petals shortly exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens 10 or fewer, not opposite the centre of the petals ; anthers small, didymous, the cells opening longitudinally ; connective-gland inconspicuous. Ovary 2-celled, with 6 to 10 ovules in each cell ; style shortly immersed. Seeds obovoid, more or less angular ; testa thinly crustaceous ; thin end of the embryo closely folded against the radicle, otherwise straight. — R. Br. in Flind. Voy. App. 548 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 65 ; Jungia imbricata, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 175 t. 35 (incorrect as to the details) ; Mollia imbricata, Gmel. Syst. Veg. 420; Imbricaria crenulata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 259 ; Stereoxylon crenulatum, Poir. Diet. Suppl. v. 246; Escallonia crenulata, Rcem. and Schult. Syst. v. 329; Backed tliosmoides, Sieb. in DC. Prod. iii. 230; Schidiomyrtus crenulata and S. Sieberi, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 237.
Hab.: Moreton Bay.
Var. tenella. Leaves smaller; flowers very much smaller, but not otherwise different.— dungia tenella, Geertn. Fruct. i. 175. With the larger variety from most collectors.
2. B. diosmifolia (Diosma-leaved), Budge in Tram. Linn. Soc. viii. 298 t. 13 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 79. Erect or diffuse and much branched, from a thick woody stock. Leaves linear, narrow, oblong, or somewhat cuneate, concave or semiterete, obtuse or mucronulate-acute, more or less denticulate-ciliate, 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers nearly sessile and solitary in the upper axils. Bracteoles ohovate-cuneate, concave, as long as the calyx-tube, very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 14- line long ; lobes ovate, denticulate-ciliate. Petals about 1 line diameter. Stamens 7 to 10, none opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anther-cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective-gland globular. Ovary small, 2-celled, with about 4 ovules in each cell.— DC. Prod. iii. 230 ; F. v. M. Fragm. i. 29.
Hab.: Southern border, Edwin Hickey.
3. B. linifolia (Flax-leaved), Budge in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 297 t. 12 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 80. Tall and erect, with slender virgate branches. Leaves very narrow-linear, semiterete or concave, acute, in some specimens all above fin., attaining f or even lin., in others mostly f to fin. long. Flowers small, solitary in the upper axils, almost sessile or on pedicels rarely attaining 1 line. Calyx-tube turbinate or at length almost urceolate ; lobes very broad and short, scarcely pointed. Petals about 1 line diameter. Stamens 10 to 15, none opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anther-cells parallel, opening longi- tudinally ; connective-gland small. Ovary flat-topped, 2-celled, with 15 to 20 ovules in each cell round an orbicular almost peltate placenta. Capsule separating readily from the calyx-tube. Seeds small, angular. Embryo with the slender cotyledonar end closely folded against the radicle, but otherwise straight. — DC. Prod. iii. 229 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 71 ; B. tricliophylla, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 149.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, H. Simmonds,
Backed.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
080
4. B. Stenophylla (leaves slender), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 13 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 80. Branches slender, virgate. Leaves slender, linear, semiterete, obtuse, 2, 3 or rarely 4 lines long, mostly crowded or clustered on the short axillary shoots. Flowers very small, shortly pedicellate, solitary in each axil, but often forming little leafy corymbs, on short axillary shoots. Bracteoles narrow, at the base of the pedicel. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, f line long ; lobes small, broad, very obtuse. Petals about J line diameter. Stamens 5 or 6, none opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anther- cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective-gland inconspicuous. Ovary 2-celled, with 16 to 20 ovules closely packed round an oblong somewhat peltate placenta.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay.
This differs chiefly from B. linifolia in its slender habit and foliage and small narrow flowers. Both are nearly allied to B. frutescens, Linn., a common species in the Eastern Archipelago and S. China, distinguished from them chiefly by the more open calyx, and the ovary almost always 3-celled. — Benth.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 4Joz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
5. B. virgata (twiggy), Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 598 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 81. Usually tall erect and loosely branched, attaining 10 to 12ft., rarely low and diffuse. Leaves from linear-lanceolate to narrow-oblong, flat and often 1 or 3-nerved, usually acute and J to lin. long, but in some specimens all under Jin. long, and occasionally some or nearly all obtuse, both in the short and long- leaved forms. Flowers small in the upper axils, usually several together in a loose umbel, on a common peduncle of 2 to 4 lines, the pedicels varying from 1 to 3 lines. Calyx-tube turbinate, at length hemispherical, about 1J line diameter ; lobes short and broad, the midrib more or less produced into a conical point or protuberance. Petals about 1J line diameter. Stamens 5 to 15, none opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers didymous, the cells globular, furrowed, opening in short slits ; connective thickened into a gland almost as long as the cells. Ovary 3-celled, with 15 to 20 ovules in each cell round a peltate placenta. Capsule nearly flat-topped. Seeds usually angular. Embryo with the slender inflected end very short, with 2 small ovate cotyledons. — DC. Prod. iii. 229 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2127 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab- t. 341 ; Colla, Hort. Ripul. t. 6 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 69; Leptospermum virgatum, Forst. Char. Gen. 48; Melaleuca virgata, Linn. fil. Suppl. 343 ; Harmogia virgata, Schau. in Linnsea, xvii. 238 ; Camphoromyrtus pluri flora, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. i. 123 ; Harmogia umbellata, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 31 ; Bceckea umhellata, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 69 ; Bahingtonia virgata, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 74.
Hab.: Upper Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; Pine Biver, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Dallachy.
The species is also in New Caledonia. — B. parvula, DC. Prod. iii. 229 ( Leptospermum parvulum, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. 62, t. 61 ; Harmogia parvula, Schauer, in Linnasa, xvii. 238), also from New Caledonia, is a slight variety, only differing in the shorter more obtuse leaves. The same variety, with even still shorter oblong leaves, is amongst the Queensland specimens com- municated by Bidwill. — Benth.
Var. parvula. Hab.: Eumundi, Bailey and Simmonds.
6. B. densifolia (densely leaved), 8m. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 260; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 82. Branches rather slender but rigid and virgate. Leaves crowded and decussate on the smaller branches, linear, slender, semiterete or concave, obtuse or with a minute recurved point, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Flowers solitary in the upper axils, often forming short terminal leafy racemes or corymbs. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, with a pair of small deciduous bracteoles below the middle. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate ; lobes short, broadly triangular. Petals about 1J line diameter. Stamens usually 8 or 9, but sometimes as many as 12, none opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers nearly globular, the cells unequally furrowed and opening in the furrows in short slits ; connective-gland conspicuous or small, or wholly disappearing. Ovary flat- topped, usually 3-celled, with about 8 ovules in each cell in the ordinary form
580
LI. MYRTACE/E.
[ Bteckea .
style shortly immersed, f eeds angular ; embryo with the slender cotyledonar end short and appressed against the radicle, otherwise straight. — DC. Prod. iii. 230; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 71 ; B. fasciculata, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 149; Harmoyia demifolia, Schau. in Linnaea, xvii. 238; Babinytonia demifolia, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 74 ; Harmoyia Baueriana, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 921, from the character given.
Hab.: Southern localities.
The structure of the anthers in this species is so nearly that of the section Oxymyrrhint (species all western) that I feel doubts as to having correctly placed it in the present one. It varies much in the size of the flower, the length of the pedicel, and attenuate base of the calyx, and the number of ovules. Harmoyia propinqua, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 921, has smaller flowers, the calyx-tube almost close above the bracteoles, and the connective-gland very small or none. Breckia Nooo-anylica. F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 71, or Babinytonia Novo-atiylica, F. v. M. l.c. 74, has rather larger flowers, the calyx attenuate into a pedicel more distinct than in H. propinqua , shorter than in the conmv n form, the connective-gland small or none, and ovules more numerous than usual ; the stamens also vary in number and in the degree of dehiscence of the anther-cells ; but I find, after examining a considerable number of specimens, that these differences pass so gradually one into the other that I am unable to characterise the several forms even as distinct varieties. — Benth.
9. AGONIS, DC.
(Without angles.)
(Billiottia, DC.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad ; lobes 5, ovate, usually scarious, imbricate or open. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens free, not exceeding the petals, either 10 regularly opposite the petals and calyx-lobes, or 20 or more without any opposite the centre of the petals ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally; connective with a small globular gland. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with 2 or 4 ovules in each cell erect from a small nearly basal placenta; style filiform, inserted in a deeply tubular depression in the centre of the ovary, being attached almost to the base of the carpels ; stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule opening at the top loculicidally in 3 valves, shorter than the calyx-tube. Seeds oblong or cuneate ; testa thin ; embryo straight ; cotyledons plano-convex, much longer than the radicle. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, often crowded on the smaller branchlets, either small or long and narrow, entire. Flowers rather small, closely sessile, in globular axillary or terminal heads, usually surrounded by imbricate scale-like bracts, with 2 smaller bracteoles under each flower, the white persistent petals usually very conspicuous.
Formerly considered as a section of Leptospermum on account of its alternate leaves and stamens not exceeding the petals ; it is much nearer allied to Melaleuca in inflorescence and in the ovary and seeds, whilst the arrangement of the stamens shows a connection with Bteckia and its allies. The seeds have been examined in a few species only. — Bentli.
Section I. Taxandria. — Stoutens 10, reyularly opposite the calyx-lobes and petals. Ovules 2 in each cell.
Leaves linear, obtuse, 8 to 9 lines long, 1 to 1£ line broad 1. A. lysicephala.
Section II. Ataxandria. — Stamens 20 to 30. but none opposite the centre of the petals. Ovules 4 to 6 in each cell.
Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, about lin. long, 3 to 5 lines broad . . 2. A. Srortechininna.
1. A. lysicephala (fruits free in the head), F. r. M. and Bail., Occ. Bap. Q. FI. No. 1 funder Melaleuca). Kennedy’s Heath. A dense heath like shrub of a few feet, the upper branchlets hoary and almost thread-like. Leaves glabrous and faintly 3-nerved, linear, obtuse, about 8 or 9 lines long and 1 to H line broad, scattered except the pair close under each head of flowers. Fruiting-
Li. myrtacetE.
587
Ar/onis. ]
heads pubescent, oval or globular, from very small to 6 lines long by 4 lines diameter, usually terminal on the lower slender branchlets, with a pair of opposite leaves close under each head. Fruiting-calyxes pubescent, easily separated from each other, being nearly encircled by subtending scarious bracts.
Hab.: Lloyd’s Bay, Thos. A. Gulliver.
2. A. Scortechiniana (after Rev. B. Scortechini), F. v. M. Fraym. xi. 118. A shrub 8 to 5ft. high, much branched ; branches silky-pubescent. Leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, base very obtuse, sessile, faintly 5 to 7-nerved, about lin. long, 8 to 5 lines broad, concave, copiously dotted. Flower heads at first terminal, then axillary. Outer bracts orbicular, numerous, imbricate, silky, inner ones almost ovate. Calyx silky-pubescent outside, lobes about 1 line long, membranous, almost semiovate. Petals white, almost 2 lines long, round- obovate. Stamens 20 to 30, scarcely 1 line long. Anther cells opening longitu- dinally, connective gland somewhat large. Style very short. Stigma peltate, slightly 3-sulcate. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit campanulate-ovate, scarcely 3 lines, in heads 6 to 12 lines but not connate. Seeds light brown, clavate or ellipsoid- linear, about § line long.
Hab.: Around the swamps on Stvadbroke Island.
10. LEPTOSPERMUM, Forst.
(Seeds slender.)
(Fabricia, Gcertn.; Macklottia, Kortli.; Homalospermum, Schau.; Periealymma, Endl.)
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or rarely turbinate, adnate to the ovary at the base, free part broad ; lobes 5, ovate, herbaceous or membranous, imbricate or open. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens numerous, free, not exceeding the petals, inserted on the margin of the disk in a single row; filaments filiform; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally ; connective with a small globular gland. Ovary inferior or half- superior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, usually 5 or more celled, rarely 3 or 4-celled, with either numerous ovules in each cell densely covering a peltate placenta and horizontal or recurved, or few and recurved in two rows ; style filiform, inserted in a slight or deep depression in the centre of the ovary, often short, with a capitate or peltate stigma. Capsule opening at the top loculicidally, either protruding from the calyx-tube or rarely shorter. Seeds either linear-cuneate and wingless or more or less angular with transparent wings or cilia along the angles, but usually only few in each cell or a single one perfect, the others sterile often hard and always wingless. — Shrubs or rarely small trees, glabrous silky- pubescent or hoary. Leaves alternate, small, rigid, entire, nerveless or 1 or 3-nerved. Flowers usually white, sessile or rarely shortly pedicellate, solitary or 2 or 3 together at the ends of short branchlets or in the axils of the leaves. Bracts broad, scarious, 2 or 3 outer ones usually imbricate, but falling off from the very young bud, 2 inner ones or bracteoles opposite and close under the calyx often more persistent.
The genus is common to Australia ' and New Zealand and the Indian Archipelago. Of the Australian species one is found in New Zealand also, and another in the Indian Archipelago, the remainder are endemic. The species are very difficult to distinguish. The whole of those with 5-celled ovaries, from L. lanigerum to L. attenuation, different, as some of them appear at first sight, pass so gradually one into the other that they might be readily admitted as varieties of one species, whilst on the other hand many of the varieties here enumerated have been distin- guished as species by R. Brown, whose herbarium contains a beautiful series of well-selected specimens, as well as by other eminent botanists whose opinions are entitled to great weight. The genus requires, therefore, much further study on the part of those who have the opportunity of observing it in its native stations. From the dried specimens, whether of the species here admitted or of the varieties or races, I have been unable to discover any positive discriminating characters. —Uenth.
588
LI. MYRTACE^E.
[Leptospennum.
Most authors describe the calyx-lobes of Leptospennum as valvate ; I have always found them decidedly imbricate in the young bud, even in the Javanese specimens communicated by Blume. — Benth.
Section I. Fabricia. — Ovary usually 0 to 10 or i-celled. Ovules numerous. Seeds when perfect rather broad, fringed or winged at the angles < as far as knoim). Flowers closely sessile.
Ovary usually 6 to 10-celled. Calyx villous. Capsule half-exserted . . 1 . L. Fabricia.
Section II. Euleptospermum. — Ovary usually 5-celled, or here and there 4- celled , or S-celled in the last two species. Ovules numerous. Seeds, both perfect and sterile, narrow -linear.
Calyx-tube glabrous. Ovary 5 or rarely 4-celled.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, 6 to 9 lines long, 2 to 2£ lines broad ; midrib and marginal nerves prominent, apex slightly recurved ; base
decurrent, forming angles on the branchlets 2. L. wooroonooran.
Leaves flat or with recurved margins, obtuse or scarcely pointed (except
in the large variety) 3. L.jlavescens.
Leaves flat or concave, pungent-pointed, narrow or small 4. L. scoparium.
Calyx-tube pubescent or villous. Ovary 5 rarely 4-celled.
Branches not spinescent. Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Calyx broad and obtuse at the base, woolly, loosely villous, or closely tomentose.
Leaves linear, concave, pungent-pointed 5. L. arachnoideum.
Leaves obovate, oblong or elliptical, flat or with recurved margins,
obtuse or shortly mucronate 6. L. lanigerum.
Calyx usually attenuate at the base, at least when young, silky with appressed hairs.
Calyx-lobes appressed-silky, usually persistent 7 . L. stellatum.
Calyx-lobes membranous, deciduous. Erect or spreading shrubs . 9. L. myrtifolium.
Branches not spinescent. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx silky, usually
attenuate at the base. Capsule not prominent 8. L. attenuatum.
Ovary 3-celled.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, minutely silky. Flowers small, glabrous.
Capsule shorter than the calyx-tube 10. L. abnorme.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous. Fruit terminal, in clusters of 3 or
4, or in very short racemes 11. L. Luehmanni.
Dr. Lauterer considers that the young shoots and leaves of all the species of this genus are of the same service to the urinary organs, and against gravel, as those of the Uva ursi.
1. I>. Fabricia (after Fabricius, a Swedish entomologist), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 102. A shrub or tree, the branches often loosely hairy. Leaves from oblong-lanceolate to almost obovate, f to liin. long, obtuse or slightly mucro- nate, 3 or 5-nerved. Flowers mostly terminating short leafy branchlets, surrounded by orbicular imbricate deciduous bracts. Calyx more or less tomentose-villous, the tube hemispherical, the lobes nearly as long as the tube, orbicular, very obtuse, silky or villous outside. Stamens numerous. Ovary usually 10-celled. Capsule very prominent above the calyx-rim, the free part usually as long as the enclosed portion. Seeds not seen quite perfect, but in the apparently ripe capsules already burst open the enlarged ovules of each cell are readily detached in a mass with the placenta, the whole assuming the shape represented by Gsertner as that of the seed ; enlarged ovules or young seeds very flat, obliquely obovate-oblong, the upper ones falcate, not winged or very slightly so at the base. — Fabricia murtifolia, Gfertn. Fruct. i. 175 t. 85.
Hab.: Endeavour Kiver, Banks and Solander ; Haggerstone and Lizard Islands, A. Cunning- ham ; Cape York, If'. Hill.
The Banksian specimens described by Gartner are in the same state, with unripe seeds only, as A. Cunningham’s. — Benth.
2. I., wooroonooran (aboriginal name for Bellenden Ker), Bail, ‘did Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 27, and Bot. Bull. v. Trunk often extending in an almost horizontal position for several yards at from 3 to 6ft. above the ground, 2 or 3ft. diameter, with a thick stringy bark, from which branches arise to 20 or 30ft., thus forming a large spreading-headed tree of dense foliage. This peculiar growth is due probably to the high winds which blow at certain seasons of the
Leptospermum.]
li. myrtacej:.
589
year. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, £ to fin. long, 2 to 2b lines broad in the centre, midrib and a marginal nerve on each side prominent, oil-dots numerous, with blunt, glandular, slightly recurved apex, base decurrent forming angles on the branchlets, slightly silky when young, as are also the young shoots. Flowers few or solitary, terminating the branchlets. Calyx muricate, tube turbinate ; lobes bluntly triangular, the upper part bearing a dense, woolly pubescence. Petals about 8 lines long, or twice as long as calyx-lobes, rotund, ovate and veined. Capsules solitary or 2 together at the ends of the short branchlets. Calyx-tube glabrous, 5-ribbed, corresponding with the 5 cells, nearly sessile, slightly over 2 lines diameter ; the capsule prominent above the calyx-tube.
Hab.: South Peak, Bellender Ker ( Kxped. 1889 and A. Mestoii 1892), and so far as at present known only found there.
The wood is strong, heavy, and of a reddish colour.
3. Z>. flavescens (yellowish), Sjn. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 262 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 104. “Tantoon,” Bundaberg, Keys. Usually a tall shrub, quite glabrous or the young parts minutely silky-hoary. Leaves from narrow-oblong or linear-lanceolate to broadly oblong or even obovate, obtuse or scarcely acute, rigid, flat, nerveless or 1 or 3-nerved, attaining fin. in the largest forms but usually under iin. and sometimes all very small. Flowers solitary,' terminating the branchlets or axillary and nearly sessile, as variable in size as in L. laniyerum, and of the same shape. Calyx quite glabrous, the tube broadly campanulate or hemispherical ; lobes ovate, as long as the tube, membranous or thickened in the centre. Ovary 5-celled, more or less convex on the top, with a short central depression round the style. Capsule prominent above the calyx-tube. Seeds all narrow-linear, without wings. — DC. Prod. iii. 227 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 139 ; Melaleuca trinervia, White, Trav. 229 t. 24 ? ; Leptospermum polyyali folium, Salisb. Prod. 350; L. Thea, Willd. Spec. PI. ii. 949, and (on his authority) Melaleuca Tliea, Wendl. Sert. Hannov. 24 t. 13 ; L. tuberculatum, Poir. Diet. Suppl. iii. 338 (from the character given).
Hab.: Abundant about Brisbane River and Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller and others; Percy Island, A. Cunningham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.
Wood light-coloured, close-grained and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 165a.
This species, which extends also into the Indian Archipelago and Malacca, is scarcely to be distinguished from L. laniyerum except by the absence of all hairs or down from the calyx, and is equally variable, the extreme forms being at first sight so dissimilar that it requires the examination of a large number of specimens to believe in their specific identity, and at the same time it is almost impossible to draw a precise line of demarcation between this and several others. The following are the varieties which appear to be the most prominent and distinct. — Benth.
a. commune. Leaves narrow, from under Jin. to fin. long. Flowers middle-sized. — Bot. Mag. t. 2695; L. porophyllum, Cav. Ic. iv. 17. t. 330 f. 2 (from the fig. and descr.) ; L. amboinense, DC. Prod. iii. 229, at least the specimens so named by Miquel and Blume ; Macklottiu amboinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. i. 196. — Also in the Indian Archipelago.
b. obovatum, F. v. M. Leaves from broadly obovate to obovate-oblong, under Jin. loug. — L. obovatum, Sweet, FI. Austr. t. 36 ; L. micromyrtus, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 145 (from the character given). — L. emarginatum , Wendl. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 491, has the leaves narrow as in a, but very obtuse or emarginateas in b. Specimens of this variety received from Burrum River (J. Keys ) had a strong citron odour.
c. grandifiorum. Leaves rather large. Flowers larger than in any other variety. — L. grandi- dorum. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 514: L. virgatum , Schau. in Linneea, xv. 410; L. nobite, F. v. M.; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 145.
d. microphyllum. Leaves flat, oblong or lanceolate, J to Jin. long.
e. minutifolium, F. v. M. Leaves all under Jin. and mostly under 2 lines long, obovate or oblong, concave and recurved. Flowers very small. This may prove sufficiently distinct to be considered as a species.
All the forms in FI. Austr. are given, as our plant varies so much that all may be met with.
4. L. scoparium (broom-like), Foist, t 'har. Ben. 48 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 105. A rigid very much branched shrub, in alpine situations low and almost prostrate, more usually erect, and attaining sometimes 10 to 12ft., the young shoots often silky, the adult foliage mostly glabrous. Leaves from ovate to
590
LI. MYRTACE.E.
Leptospermum.
linear-lanceolate or linear, rigid, concave, acute and pungent-pointed, mostly under 4in. long. Flowers axillary, sessile and solitary, or rarely terminating short lateral branchlets. Calyx quite glabrous, as variable in size as in L. jiavescens, and the flowers and fruit otherwise precisely as in that species.— Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 262; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 622 ; DC. Prod. iii. 227 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3419; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 138; Schau. in Linnaea, xv. 424 ; L. Jforibundum, Salisb. Prod. 349, and L. recurci folium, Salisb. l.c. 350 (from the characters given) ; L. juniper if oliuni (with narrow leaves), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 263 ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 89; Schau. in Linnaea, xv. 431 ; L. multi - ftorum, Cav. Ic. PI. iv. 17 t. 331 f. 1 ; L. juniper if olium , Cav. l.c. 18 t. 331 f. 2 ; L. squarrosum, Sieb. PI. Exs.; L. rubrieaule, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 25 ; L. sti/phelioides, Schau. in Linmea, xv. 423 ; aciculare, Schau. l.c. 429 ; L. oxycedrus, Schau. l.c. 432; L. baccativm, Schau. l.c. 433, not of Sm. including according to Schau. L. persiciflorum , Reichb. Hort. Bot. iii. 8 t. 220; L. divari- catum, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 923 (a starved small-leaved form).
Hab.: Moreton Bay and many other localities.
The species is also in New Zealand.
5. Z>. arachnoideum (cobw'ebby), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Sm-. iii. 263 ; Bent. FI. Austr. iii. 105. A rigid much-branched shrub, with the habit of the narrow- leaved forms of L. scuparium , and the same pungent crowded rigid concave linear leaves, hut wuth the flowers of L. laniyerum, mostly on short lateral leafy branches, closely surrounded by floral leaves. Calyx broad, rather large, loosely woolly-hairy. Capsule shortly protruding from the calyx-tube, 5-celled or very rarely 3 or 4-celled. — DC. Prod. iii. 228 ; L. aracbioides, Gtertn. Fruct. i. 175 t. 35 ; L. triloculare, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 88; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 791.
Hab.: Stanthorpe (normal form).
baccatnm, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 264. is a form with much less woolly calyxes, almost connecting this species with L scopariinn. Some specimens from C. Moore are quite like the one in Smith’s herbarium. — Benth.
6. L. lanigerum (wroolly), Sm. in irons. Linn. Soc. iii. 263 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 106. A tall erect shrub, sometimes growing into a small tree, rarely low and bushy, the branchlets usually softly pubescent. Leaves from obovate- oblong to elliptical or narrow-oblong, exceedingly variable in size and indumentum, in some luxuriant specimens attaining fin. or even more, but naturally not above Hu. and in some varieties all very much smaller, obtuse or mucronate- acute, more or less hoary silky or hairy underneath or on both sides, rarely glabrous except a few silky hairs on the margin, when broad and thin showing 1, 3 or 5 nerves, more frequently rigidly coriaceous, the nerves scarcely prominent or concealed by the indumentum. Flowers solitary, terminating very short leafy branchlets, or rarely sessile on the branches without intervening leaves. Calyx broad, more or less densely clothed with silky or w'oolly hairs ; lobes triangular, often as long as the tube. Petals twice as long, broad, distinctly clawed. Stamens about 20 to 30, in a single series. Ovary 5-celled, convex, with a central depression, tvith numerous ovules in each cell. Capsule nearly globular but depressed at the top, more or less protruding from the calyx-tube, the lobes wearing off, varying from under 3 to above 4 lines diameter. Seeds linear without wings ; cotyledons as long as or rather longer than the radicle. — DC. Prod. iii. 227 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 139 ; L. australe, Salis. Prod. 350 ; Melaleuca trinervia, White Journ. 229 t. 24 (quoted by Smith and DC. as L. trincrre), is either this or L. favescens.
Hab.: Southern localities.
This exceedingly variable species has the calyx sometimes nearly glabrous, and then passes almost into L.jlavcscens. — Benth.
Leptospermumf\
LI. MYRTACE/E.
591
7. L. stellatum (star-like), Car. 1c. iv. 10 t. 390. f. 1 (from the tiyure ami description ) ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 107. Much-branched and erect, from 2 or 3 to several feet high, the young shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves from rather broadly elliptical-oblong to oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly from J to Jin. long, obtuse or mucronate-acute, rather rigid, more or less conspicuously 1 or 3-nerved. Flowers rather small, sessile or very shortly pedicellate in the upper axils or terminating short leafy shoots and then often two together. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, densely silky-pubescent ; lobes silky, more acute and more persistent than in L. myrtifolium . Ovary flat- topped or concave. Capsule level with the margin of the calyx or scarcely protruding. — L. sericatum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 298.
Hab.: Moreton Island, M'Gillivray ; Logan River, Fraser; near Lake Salvator, Mitchell: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (specimens in fruit only, and doubtful ; capsules very small).
Var. grandijtomm. Flowers larger, the calyx-tube fully 2 lines long. — L. yniduefolium of German gardens, but scarcely of DC. Queensland, Bowman.
8. I., attenuatum (leaves attenuated), Sin. in Trans. I Ann. Sue. iii. 262 ;
Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 108. “ Booah,” Bundaberg, Keys. Very near L. stellatum,
differing only in the pedicellate flowers. Branches usually slender and loose. Leaves mostly narrow-oblong and about Jin. long, but varying from broadly oblong and Jin. to linear and above lin. long. Flowers usually small, solitary in the axils or 2 together on short leafy branchlets, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Calyx-tube densely silky-pubescent, contracted at the base, lobes usually persistent. Capsule scarcely prominent above the calyx-rim. — L. pendulum, Sieb. PI. Exs.; L. yniduefolium, DC. Prod. iii. 228?; L. breripes, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 125.
Hab.: Northumberland Islands, R. Brown (with small leaves and dowers) ; ranges near 1’eak Downs, F. v. Mueller (with long narrow leaves).
9. I>. myrtifolium (myrtle-leaved), Sieb. in DU. Trod. iii. 238 ; Bentli. FI.
Austr. iii. 108. A tall shrub attaining 8 to 10ft. but flowering when only 1 to 2ft. high, the branches usually more slender than in /.. laniyerum, glabrous or silky. Leaves usually small and rarely Jin. long, obovate or oblong, flat or concave, nerveless or 1 or 3-nerved, glabrous or silky-white. Flowers rather
small, all or nearly all solitary, sessile and axillary. Bracts none or already fallen from the very young bud. Calyx-tube turbinate, silky with appressed hairs, rarely above 2 lines diameter, lobes shorter than the tube, glabrous or slightly silky, membranous and much more deciduous than in L. laniyerum. Ovary flat-topped or concave, with a central depression round the style, 5-celled. Capsule flat-topped, on a level with or scarcely protruding from the calyx-rim. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 140; Kriostemon ! trinerre, Hook. .Journ. Bot. i. 254; 7,. multicaule, A. Cunn. in Field, N.S. Wales, 349 ; Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 923.
Hab.: Moreton Island, M'Gillivray (like a var. of L. laniyerum from the same place, but with the calyx of L. myrtifolium j ; Rockhampton, Thozet (leaves narrow and glabrous).
Wood close-grained, tough, and dark-coloured. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 166b.
10. I.. abnorme (differing from ordinary species), F. v. M. Herb.; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 109. A tall shrub with rather slender virgate branches, glabrous or the young shoots minutely silky. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, mostly 1 to 2in. long, prominently 1-nerved, with 1 or 2 faint lateral nerves on each side. Flowers nearly sessile, rather small, axillary or several together in a compact sessile terminal corymbose raceme. Bracts very deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinate, glabrous, nearly 14 line long; lobes ovate-triangular, persistent, with petal-like margins. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-lobes, less contracted at the base than in most Leptospermums. Stamens about 25,
592
Li. MYRTACE/E.
[Leptospennum.
crowded opposite the sepals, solitary opposite the petals. Ovary 3-celled, slightly convex, with a deep central depression ; ovules numerous. Capsule convex, but shorter than the calyx-tube. — Kunzea brachyandra, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 27.
Hab.: Northumberland Island, It. Brown ; Duck Creek, Vallachy. (Leaves in both only about Jin.. and the specimens in fruit only, and therefore doubtful). Stanthorpe.
Wood of a dark colour, hard, heavy, and close-grained.- — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 16(ic.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 8oz. per ewt. — J. F. Bailey.
11. I«. Luehmanni (after J. G. Luehmann, F.L.S.), Bail. A dwarf glabrous tree, with a smooth reddish-brown bark which is shed in long thin strips; branchlets slender, reddish, terete. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 to liin. long, 3 to 4 lines broad, obtuse or with a small glandular point, base cuneate, nearly sessile, both surfaces glossy, coriaceous, longitudinal nerves 5, the inner ones branching and distantly anastomosing ; the oil glands prominent dotting both sides. Flowers not obtained. Fruiting calyxes 3 or 4 together at the ends of the branches in heads or short racemes, turbinate glossy, about 2 lines diameter, 3-celled, capsule scarcely sunk, the valves protruding. Seeds curved, linear- angular.
Hub.: This species is only known from a few trees growing upon the summit of one of the Glasshouse Mountains. Differs from L. abnorme, F. v. M., in its broader thicker leaves, branchlets terete not angular, and even more in its bark and fruit.
11. KUNZEA, Reichb.
(After Gustav Kunze.)
(Salisia, Lindl.; Pentagonaster, Klotzsch.)
Calyx-tube ovoid or globular, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part rarely dilated ; lobes 5, small, imbricate or open, usually erect, green or scarious at the edges only. Petals 5, small, orbicular, spreading. Stamens longer than the petals, indefinite, free, in one or several series ; filaments filiform ; anthers small, versatile ; cells parallel, opening in longitudinal slits, the connective with a small globular gland. Ovary 2 to 5-celled, usually glabrous on the top, with 2 or more frequently numerous ovules in each cell, horizontal or pendulous from a more or less peltate placenta ; style filiform, inserted in a slight central depres- sion of the ovary ; stigma small or capitate. Capsule wholly inferior, not woody, and in one species fleshy, crowned by the persistent scarcely hardened free portion of the calyx, opening at the top loculicidally. Seeds pendulous, oblong or obovoid ; testa thin or firm ; embryo straight ; cotyledons plano-convex, longer than the superior radicle. — Shrubs, often heath-like. Leaves alternate or very rarely here and there opposite, small, entire. Flowers sessile or rarely pedicellate in the upper axils, or more frequently in terminal heads, rarely an oblong spike below the end of the branch, with a broad scale-like bract, and 2 smaller brac- teoles under each flower, and sometimes several empty bracts imbricate round the head.
The genus is limited to Australia. Formerly included in Metrosideros, it differs in habit, inflorescence, and structure of the ovary, much nearer allied to Leptospermum, but readily distinguished by the exserted stamens. — Benth.
Ovary 3-celled or rarely 2 or 4-celled. Flowers axillary or in loose or ovoid heads. Bracts lanceolate or none.
Leaves imbricate, linear-semiterete, 2 to 3J lines long. Flowers terminal,
globose or ovoid heads 1. A', calida.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, \ to Jin. or more. Flowers pedicellate 2. K. peduncularis.
1. K. calida (of warm parts), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 23. Branches clothed with an appressed hoary-villous pubescence. Leaves imbricate, linear-semiterete, about from 2 to 3J lines long, J to § line broad, channelled above, obtuse, more or less silky-pubescent. Flower-heads terminal, globose to ovate. Bracts lanceo-
LI. MYRTACEzE.
598
Kunzea. ]
late or linear- cymbiform, as long as the calyx. ; bracteoles canaliculate-linear, silky. Calyx about 8 lines long, silky-villous outside, teeth deltoid, acuminate. Petals purplish, rotund, 1 line long. Stamens 50 to 60, purplish. Anthers minute, yellow, almost globular, dorsifixed. Style about 3 lines long, glabrous, purple. Ovary purple, 3-celled ; ovules numerous. Stigma small, depressed.
Hab.: Flinders River, F. v. Mueller.
2. K.. peduncularis (pedunculate), F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 124, and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 67 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 115. A tall shrub or sometimes a small tree, the branchlets virgate, glabrous or very slightly silky when young. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, concave, acute, mostly about Jin., but varying from J to nearly lin. long. Flowers small, shortly pedicellate, in the upper axils, forming either short terminal leafy corymbs or long inter- rupted leafy racemes. Bracteoles scarious, but falling off from the very young- bud. Calyx glabrous, about 1J line long; lobes ovate, with scarious margins. Petals obovate, not exceeding 1 line. Stamens above 30, in a single series, from half as long again to twice as long as the petals. Ovary about half as long as the calyx-tube, 3-celled or very rarely 4-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell on a peltate placenta. Fruiting-calyx slightly enlarged. Seeds usually only one perfect in each cell. — Boeckea phylicoid.es, A. Cunn.; Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 921 ; Kunzea leptospernwides, F. v. M.; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 146.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality). F. v. Mueller.
12. CALLISTEMON, R. Br.
(Referring to the beautiful often red stamens.)
Calyx-tube ovoid, campanulate or urceolate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part erect or contracted ; lobes 5, imbricate, more or less scarious, deciduous. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading, longer than the calyx-lobes. Stamens much longer than the petals, indefinite, usually in several series, free or very rarely collected in clusters or very shortly united opposite the petals, or all very shortly united in a continuous ring ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary villous on the top, usually convex, with a slight depression round the style, 3 or 4-celled, with very numerous ovules in each cell, horizontal or ascending and covering a peltate placenta ; style filiform with a small terminal often scarcely conspicuous stigma. Fruiting-calyx more or less hardened and enlarged, with a truncate orifice ; capsule enclosed in and more or less adnate to the calyx, opening loculicidally. Seeds linear or linear-cuneate, testa thin ; cotyledons plano-convex, longer than the radicle. — Tall shrubs or small trees. Leaves scattered, terete, linear or lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, nerveless or -with a prominent midrib and nerve-like margins and pinnate veins. Flowers showy, pale yellow or crimson, in dense oblong or cylindrical spikes, at first terminal, but the axis very soon growing out into a leafy shoot, the lower leaves of the new shoot usually reduced to dry very deciduous scales, each flower closely sessile or slightly immersed in the woody rhachis. Bracts none or dry and deciduou^, rarely here and there more persistent and leaf-like. Stamens in most species J to lin. long or even more.
The genus is confined to Australia. As originally observed by R. Brown, it passes gradually into Melaleuca , with which F. v. Mueller proposes to reunite it, the C. speciosus being, as it were, intermediate between the two. On the other hand, it is as closely connected with Kunzea through K. Baxteri (of W. Aust.), and that genus again passes into Leptospermum. Yet the great majority of species of each of the four groups are separated by characters so marked and prominent that it appears more convenient to retain the four genera as generally admitted. — Benth.
The species of Callutemon, as thus limited, have a remarkable similarity in their floral characters, scarcely differing but in the breadth and consistence of their leaves and in the length and colour of the stamens. They might, indeed, almost be considered as varieties of one species. — Benth.
594
LI. MYRTACE&.
[Callistenwn.
Leaves lanceolate.
Stamens red.
Leaves thick, penniveined, very prominent. Mower-spikes dense, large,
usually villous. Stamens obscurely or very shortly o-adelphous . . 1. C. speciosus.
Leaves usually penniveined. not always very prominent. Spikes glabrous or pubescent
Spikes rather loose. Anthers dark coloured 2. C. lanceolatux.
Spikes short dense. Anthers usually yellow 3.6'. coccineus.
Stamens greenish-yellow. Spikes usually glabrous 4. C. salignus.
Leaves pine-like. Spikes about lin. long. Stamens white or yellowish . . 5. C. pityoides.
1. C. speciosus (beautiful), DC. Prod. iii. 224 ; Benth. FI. Amtr. iii. 119. A tall bushy shrub or small tree, glabrous except the inflorescence, or the young shoots silky-hairy. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, obtuse with a callous point, narrowed at the base, mostly 8 to 4in. long, penniveined, with a prominent midrib and nerve-like margins as in <\ lanceolatux, but much thicker and more rigid. Flowers large, of a rich red, in dense cylindrical spikes of 8 to 5 or even Gin., the rhachis and calyx usually pubescent or hirsute. Calyx-tube often 8 lines long ; lobes 1 to 14 line diameter. Petals 2 to 3 lines. Stamens usually about lin. long, of a rich red, more or less distinctly collected in clusters or very shortly united in bundles opposite the petals. Fruiting-calyx globular, about 8 lines diameter, with a broad open truncate orifice. Capsule usually consider- ably shorter. — Sehau. in PI. Preiss. i. 122 ; Metroxidernx xgecioxa, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1701 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 285; Metroxiderox glauca, Bonpl. Jard. Malm. 86. t. 84 ; Callixteinon glaucux, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 14 ; Melaleuca pallidum, R. Br. in Ait. Holt. Kew ed. 2. iv. 410; DC. Prod. iii. 212, not of Schlecht.
Hab.: Moreton Island, l)r. .Joseph Bancroft; Maroochie. J. I.oic and many others; Mac- pherson’s Range, II. Schneider and H. Tryon.
The Queensland plants here placed under this species have usually been referred to C. lanceolatux, DC. I consider from their very different habit alone they cannot be considered as forms of that species, and must either be considered forms of C. speciosus, DC., or as an additional species. In the Moreton Bay specimens, the rhachis is glabrous ; of those from the North Coast Railway Line and Macpherson Range, the rhachis is hairy, and the leaves more prominently punctate. The plants have an erect growth seldom over 3 or 4ft. high, with some- times a few erect branches, and are never found out of swamps.
2. C. lanceolatus (lance-like), DC. Prod. iii. 228; Benth. FI. Austr. iii.
120. “ Marum,” Nerang, Schneider. Usually a tall shrub, but some-
times low and bushy and at others attaining 30ft., the young shoots silky or loosely hairy and the inflorescence usually pubescent, other- wise glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, variable in breadth, usually acute and l.j to 2in. long but varying from 1 to 3in., rather rigid, more or less penniveined, the margins often nerve-like. Flower-spikes 2 to lin. long, not very dense, the rhachis and calyxes pubescent hirsute or rarely glabrous ; occasionally, especially in cultivation, the flowers are more distant and a few of them in the axils of leaf-like bracts. Calyx-tube usually about 2 lines long ; lobes broad and very obtuse. Petals greenish or reddish, from 14 to nearly 3 lines diameter. Stamens red, in some specimens deeply coloured and lin. long, in others much paler, more slender and scarcely above -|in., quite free or very shortly united in a ring at the base. Fruiting-calyx not much enlarged, the truncate orifice usually open.— -F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 58; Metrosiderox lanceolata, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 272 ; M. citrina, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 260 ; M. lophantha, Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 69 ; M. marginata, Cav. Ic. iv. 18. t. 332 ; C’allistemon marginatus, DC. Prod. iii. 224 ; C. xcaber, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1288 ; M. nigulosa, Sieb. PI. Exs. n. 321, but perhaps not of Willd.; M. xemperflorens, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 523.
Hab : Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay. Fraser. II'. Hill, and others ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Bowen River. Bowman ; Edgecombe Bay, DaHacky : Condamine
Callistemon.]
li. myrtacejl
595
River and other stations in the interior, Leichhardt; Pine River, Fitzalan (with the stamens united at the base). — Benth. Mount Perry, J. Keys ; Mulgrave River, Bellenden Ker Exped. 1889.
Some Stanthorpe specimens have quite coriaceous leaves.
Wood makes good axe-handles. — Schneider.
Wood of a red colour, close in grain, hard and tough ; used for shipbuilding and wheelwright’s work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 167.
3. C. COCCineus (scarlet), F. v. M. F ray m. i. 18 ; Benth. FI. Amt)-, iii. 120.
Very closely allied to C. lanceolatus and C. salignus. Leaves rigid, almost pungent, 1 to ljin. long, the midrib and nerve-like margins prominent, the pinnate veins inconspicuous, the under surface often and sometimes both surfaces glandular-scabrous. Flowers rather large, the spikes not very dense, the rhachis and calyxes pubescent or glabrous. Calyx-tube 2 to 2| lines long ;
lobes short and broad. Petals 2 to 3 lines diameter. Stamens f to lin. long, red with yellow anthers, numerous, quite free. Fruiting spikes dense, the calyx more contracted at the orifice than in C. lanceolatus — C. rugulosus, Miq. in Ned. Kraidk. Arch. iv. 141, but scarcely of DC.
Hab.: Stanthorpe, Duncan.
4. C. salignus (Willow-like), DC. Prod. iii. 223 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 120. A tall shrub or small tree attaining sometimes 30 to 40ft., and often undis- tinguishable in foliage and inflorescence from < '. lanceolatus, the leaves are, however, usually more acute, more distinctly penniveined, and the nerve-like margins often more prominent ; in some forms, however, the venation is, on the contrary, more obscure. Spikes in the common form glabrous, more rarely the rhachis and calyxes pubescent or villous. Flowers generally rather smaller than in C. lanceolatus, the calyx-lobes more ovate. Stamens pale yellow or rarely light pink, usually rather under Mn. long. Fruiting-calyx and capsule as in C. lanceo- latus.— Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 131 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 54 ; Metrosideros saligna, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 272 ; Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 70 ; Bonp). PL Malm. t. 4 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1821 ; Metrosideros pallida, Bonpl. PI. Malm. 101 t. 41 ; Callis- tetnon pallidas, DC. Prod. iii. 223; C. Jophanthus, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1302.
Hab.: Many localities in south Queensland.
Wood of light colour, close-grained, and tough ; useful for any purpose where strength and durability are required. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. U’oods No. 168.
Var. angustifolia. Leaves linear-lanceolate, very rigid, almost pungent, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers glabrous. — Stanthorpe, J. Davidson.
5. C. pityoides (Pine-like), Miq.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 121. A low dense shrub, branches thickly scarred by the fallen leaves. Leaves 6 to 13 lines long, at first hairy with long white hairs and almost or quite linear, becoming glabrous and semiterete when old, the leaf-scales as long as the leaves, pinkish, scarious and narrow-lanceolate, not so pungent as the old leaves, and striate. Flower-spikes 1 to 1-tin. long, dense, the rhachis and calyxes slightly hairy. Bracts ovate-oblong, strongly striate along the centre, the margins broadly scarious. Calyx-lobes rotund, shorter than the petals, often pinkish. Petals whitish, shorter than the bracts. Stamens not very numerous, whitish, free, about twice the length of the petals. Style long as stamens. Fruiting-calyx globose, 2 lines diameter, capsule deeply sunk, velvety outside at the top, 3-celled.
Hab.: Stanthorpe.
As stated by the author of FI. Austr., iii. 123, this species’ nearest ally is C. brachyandrus, Lindl., under which it might very well be placed as a variety.
596
LI. MYRTACEjE.
13. MELALEUCA, Linn.
(Said to be from the trunk being black and the foliage white in some of the
earlier-known species.)
(Gymnagathis, Schau.; Asteromyrtus, Schau.)
Calyx-tube campanulate or urceolate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part erect contracted or scarcely dilated ; lobes 5, imbricate or open, herbaceous or more or less scarious, and then occasionally irregularly confluent. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading. Stamens indefinite, much longer than the petals, united in 5 distinct bundles opposite the petals ; the united part or claw usually flattened, from very short and broad to long and linear, the filaments (or free parts) fili- form, either pinnately arranged along the margin of the claw, or clustered or digitate at the end, or covering also the inner face ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube, inferior or semi-inferior, the convex summit villous (except in M. calycina, of W. Austr.) with a central depression round the style ; 3-celled, with indefinite ovules in each cell, either numerous and closely packed on the outer surface of a peltate placenta or few and ascending on a short peltate or 2-fid placenta ; style filiform with a peltate capitate or frequently very small stigma. Capsule enclosed in the enlarged and hardened calyx, crowned by the cup-shaped or annular free part of the tube, the lobes rarely persistent, opening loculicidally at the top in 3 valves, and occa- sionally separable from the calyx into 3 cocci. Seeds more or less cuneate, the perfect ones usually few, testa thin ; embryo straight or scarcely curved ; coty- ledons flat, plano-convex or folded and embracing each other, longer than the radicle. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or in a few species opposite, entire, usually coriaceous, flat concave or semiterete, 1, 3 or several nerved, very rarely thinner with recurved margins. Flowers red white or yellow, closely sessile and solitary within each bract or floral leaf, in heads or spikes, or rarely solitary and scattered, the axis of the spike usually growing out during or after the flowering, the fruiting spike forming the base of the new branch. Bracts usually scale-like and often imbricate in the young spike, but usually deciduous long before flower- ing. Bracteoles usually small and deciduous, or sometimes none.
The genus is probably entirely Australian, for the few supposed species common in the Indian Archipelago appear to be varieties of a single one which is also widely dispersed over tropical and Eastern Australia. It is also, generally speaking, a well-defined group, readily distinguished from Callistemon by the 5-adelphous stamens. The only exceptions are one or two species in which the claws of the staminal bundles are so short as to connect the genus with Callistemon, of which one species (C. speciosus) has the stamens almost or quite 5-adelphous, but single tran- sitionary species appear scarcely to justify the union of very large groups otherwise well characterised. — Benth.
The great similarity of structure throughout the genus prevents the establishing any definite subdivisions, the specific distinctions resting chiefly on habit, foliage, and inflorescence, neither the opposite leaves of some species, nor even the deciduous calyx-rim of the few Asteromyrti, having any other character in common to justify their separation as sections. The following series, therefore, although the best I have been able to devise, will be found in many instances to pass gradually one into the other. — Benth.
Series I. Callistemonese. — Flowers large, red or rarely greenish-yellow, in oblong or cylindrical dense spikes, glabrous or slightly pubescent, lateral on the old wood or forming the base of leafy branches. Calyx broad at the base. Stamens above kin. long (not exceeding Jin. in any other series).
(The inflorescence and the length of the stamens give many of the species of this series the aspect of Callistemon, but the stamens are always very distinctly 5-adelphous. — Benth.)
Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong, with recurved margins and pro- minent midrib, § to 1 Jin. long. Staminal claws long I. M. hypericifolia.
Series II. Decussatse. — Glabrous bushy shrubs. Leaves opposite, small flat or concave, nerveless or 1 or 3- nerved . Flowers pink or rarely white, in small heads or clusters along the previous year's stems, or forming short loose spikes at the base of the neu. shoot already grown out before the flower expands. Bhachis and calyx glabrous.
Melaleuca . j
LI. MYRTACEiE.
597
(The opposite-leaved species of the series Spicifloree differ in the dense, many-flowered spikes, and those of the Capitatce in the flowers, whether in heads or solitary, being always at the ends of the branches at the time of expanding. — Benth.)
Calyx-lobes herbaceous, persistent, and thickened when in fruit. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or almost linear, nearly nerveless. Filaments pinnate along the upper half of the staminal claws 2. .1/. thymifolia.
Series III. Xiaterales. — Leaves alternate. Flmvers usually small, in axillary or lateral clusters, the axis very rarely growing out, the rhachis woolly pubescent or rarely glabrous. — Gymnagathis, Schau.
Leaves above lin. long, obscurely veined, not pungent, broadly oblong to
lanceolate, flat, obtuse, or scarcely mucronate. Calyx pubescent ... 3. M. acacioides.
Series IV. Circumscisss. — Leaves alternate (usually above lin. long). Flowers in axil- lary, lateral, or rarely terminal globular heads. Calyx-tube circumsciss at the top of the ovary after flowering, and falling off with the lobes (persistent in the other series). Fruits more or less
cohering in a globular head. — Asteromyrtus, Schau.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 5 or more-nerved.
Bracts shorter than the calyx-tube. Heads mostly lateral 4. M. symphyocarpa .
Outer bracts exceeding the calyx-tube. Heads mostly terminating short
leafy branehlets 5. M. angustifolia.
Series V. Spicifloree. — Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers either solitary or few and distinct, or in more or less interrupted oblong -cylindrical or elongated spikes, sometimes at first terminal but the axis usually growing out before the flowering is over, rarely in dense lateral cylindrical spikes. Rhachis glabrous pubescent or villous.
Leaves mostly opposite, narrow, J to ljin. long, nerveless or faintly 1-
nerved, flat or concave. Spikes loose. Calyx small 6. M. linariifolia .
Leaves mostly alternate. Flowers usually numerous.
Leaves flat, often vertical, several-nerved, mostly above lin. long.
Spikes interrupted.
Leaves 2 to 8in. long, broad or narrow. Stamens glabrous, 5 to 9 in each bundle 7. it/, leucadevdron.
Leaves 1 to 2in. long, narrow. Stamens pubescent, 12 to 20 in each
bundle 8. M. lasiandra.
Leaves flat, concave or undulate, several-nerved, acute or pungent- pointed, under Jin. or rarely fin. long.
Leaves flat or undulate, finely striate, mostly about Jin. long.
Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate. Spikes usually interrupted.
Calyx-lobes triangular 9. M. genistifolia.
Leaves ovate-acuminate or ovate-lanceolate. Spikes rather dense.
Calyx-lobes very acute 10. M. styphelioides.
Leaves flat or semiterete, narrow, obscurely 1 or 3-nerved.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, thick, flat, rather crowded, erect or recurved, mostly under Jin. long. Spikes interrupted near the ends of the branches . 11. M, Preissiana.
Leaves narrow-linear or semiterete, crowded with small fine recurved
points, mostly above Jin. long 12. M. armillaris.
Series VI. Capitatae. — Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers, at least the males, in ter- minal globular heads, the perfect ones occasionally in oblong or cylindrical dense spikes, the axis not grouping out until after the flowering is over, the rhachis usually woolly hirsute. Fruiting spikes very dense, globular or oblong, rarely reduced to 2 or 3 fruits.
Subseries I. Long'if’oliae. — Leaves linear, terete or flat, mostly above 1 in. long. Flowers usually white or yellow.
Leaves linear, terete or rarely flat, with hooked points or rarely obtuse.
Fruit-spikes mostly ovoid 13. M. nncinata.
Leaves terete, with straight points. Fruit-heads small, globular . . . .14. M. hakeoides.
Subseries II. Pallidiflorse.— Leaves either linear -subulate and under lin. or broader and under %in. long, nerveless or rarely prominently nerved. Flowers white or pale-yellow, rarely pale- pink, in dense terminal heads or spikes, the males often globular, the perfect ones ovoid or oblong,
rarely globular, the rhachis tomentose. Fruits in dense heads or spikes.
Leaves linear-subulate, rigid, pungent-pointed, J to lin. long. Flower-
heads globular or shortly ovoid 15. M. nodosa.
Leaves 4 to 6 lines long, obtuse or with a short straight point. Flowers
white or pale. Staminal claws as long as (he petals 10. ,1/. encifolia.
598 LI. MYRTACE/E. [Melaleuca.
Series VII. Peltatae. — Leaves very small, often scale-like, more or less peltately attached. Flowers small, in dense heads or spikes.
Branclilets not excavated. Leaves mostly opposite, the points spreading, or not closely appressed to the branch, finely pointed, erect, under 1 line
long 17. M. minutifolia.
ranchlets excavated for the scale-like, peltate, closely appressed leaves.
Leaves mostly opposite. Flowers 3 or 4 in the heads. Calyx-lobes and
petals striate. Stamens numerous in each bundle IS. M.foliolosa.
Leaves mostly alternate. Flowering and fruiting-spikes oblong- cylindrical 19. M. tamariscina .
M. imbricata, Link, Enum. ii. 272, M. taxifolia, Schlecht. in Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. 336, and .11. temifolia, F. v. M ; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 123, which I have not seen, are not suf- ficiently described to be recognisable, but probably belong to some of the above species. There are also numerous names in Steudel’s “ Nomenclator” taken up from garden lists, Ac., and not otherwise published, which are therefore here omitted. — 7 tenth.
1. IVI. hypericifolia (Hypericum-leaved), Sw. in Trans. Linn. Sue. iii. 279; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 131. A tall glabrous shrub. Leaves mostly opposite, lanceolate or elliptical-oblong, obtuse or mucronate, f to l^in. long, flat or with recurved margins, the midrib prominent underneath. Flowers large, of a rich red, in dense spikes of about 2in., forming the base of leafy branches. Calyx- tube sessile by its broad base, about 1 line long ; lobes broad, obtuse, herbaceous, about as long as the tube. Petals broad, concave, contracted at the base, about 2 lines long. Staminal bundles at least fin. long, the slender claws much longer than the petals, each with 15 to 20 filaments at the end. Ovules exceedingly numerous in each cell, covering the broad peltate placenta. — DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 200 ; Vent. Jard. Cels. t. 10 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 199 ; Metro- sideros Injperici folia, Salisb. Prod. 351.
Hab.: In 1861 there was a plant of this species growing in the Brisbane Botanic Garden, and I understood from Mr. W. Hill, who was then Col. Bot., that he obtained it from near Ipswich.
The other specimens I have seen, in Smith’s and several other herbaria, are all cultivated, unless it be one in Herb. F. Mueller, of doubtful origin, but found by him amongst some Callistemons, from Moreton Bay. The leaves of this species, rather thin, with a tendency to a recurved margin, differ in this respect from all others, except M. pauciflora. — Benth.
2. IVI . thymifolia (Thyme-leaved), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 278 and Exot. Bot. t. 36 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 134. A low glabrous shrub, rarely above 2ft. high, but very spreading and gregarious, often covering acres of ground. Leaves mostly opposite, lanceolate elliptical-oblong or almost linear, nearly acute, f to Ain. long or rarely more, rigid, concave, the midrib scarcely conspicuous. Flowers red, not numerous, in short ovoid or oblong lateral spikes, the axis often grotving out into a leafy shoot at the time of flowering, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous. Calyx-tube ovoid, rounded at the base, about 1^ line long ; lobes much shorter, thick and obtuse. Petals nearly 2 lines long. Staminal bundles |7n. long, the claws exceeding the petals, each with numerous filaments pinnately arranged along the upper half with a few on the inner face ; anthers very small. Ovules exceedingly numerous in each cell, densely covering the peltate placenta ; style rather long, the stigma slightly dilated. Fruiting-calyx not immersed in thie rhachis, crowned by the persistent lobes. — DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1868 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 439 ; Metrosideros calycina, Cav. Ic. iv. 20 t. 336 (from the fig. and descr.) ; Melaleuca coronata, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 278 ; M. gnidiafolia , Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 4 ; M. discolor, Reich, in Spreng. Syst. iii. 337 ; Iconogr. Exot. t. 113; Metrosideros gracilis, Salisb. Prod. 352?
Hab.: Many coastal parts of southern Queensland. Flowering in October.
In some of K. Brown’s specimens the leaves are all narrow-linear. — Benth.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 13oz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
Melaleuca.]
LI. MYRTACEvE.
599
3. IVI. acacioides (Acacia-like), F. r. M. Fragm. iii. 116; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 138. A small tree, of a pale green, nearly glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescence pubescent. Leaves alternate, from broadly oblong and under lin. to lanceolate or almost linear and 2in. long, obtuse or scarcely mucronate, narrowed at the base, often vertical, flat, thick, faintly 3 or 5-nerved. Flowers small, in small dense sessile globular heads, mostly axillary or lateral, the rhachis and calyxes pubescent. Calyx-tube nearly globular, about f line diameter ; lobes short and broad. Petals about A line diameter. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws much longer than the petals, unequally divided at the end each into 5 to 7 filaments. Ovules few in each cell, rather large, erect on a short thick placenta. Fruiting-calyx often scarcely above 1 line diameter.
Hab.: Islands of Torres Straits.
Wood strong and dark-coloured. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods Xo. 168c.
4. IVI. symphyocarpa (the fruits connate), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 44 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 138. Glabrous and glaucous. Leaves alter- nate, oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base, 1A to 2Ain. long, mostly vertical, flat, rigid, many-nerved. Flowers in dense globular lateral heads, sessile on the former year’s branches. Bracts shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube cam- panulate, often angular by pressure, about 2 lines long, glabrous or pubescent ; lobes short, broad, orbicular. Petals rather above 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 lines long, the claws narrow, much longer than the petals, each with a tuft of slender filaments at the end. Ovules rather numerous, erect on a short thick placenta. Fruiting-heads Ain. diameter, the fruits closely appressed or connate, the calyx-tube circumsciss and deciduous, leaving the adnate part truncate on a level with the capsule.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, K. Brown , and Torres Straits.
Very near M. angustifolia, the veins of the leaves more numerous and slender, the inflores- cence mostly lateral, and the bracts smaller. — Benth.
Wood dark-coloured, close-grained, hard, and prettily marked. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods Xo. 168a.
5. IVI. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), (iartn. Fruet. i. 172 t. 35 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 139. Glabrous or the young shoots slightly silky. Leaves alternate, narrow-ohlong, often narrowed at the base, mostly 1A to 2in. long, flat, often vertical, distinctly 5-nerved. Flowers in dense terminal globular sessile heads. Bracts broad, imbricate, scale-like, usually exceeding the calyx-tube and per- sistent. Calyx-tube broad, nearly 2 lines diameter, silky-pubescent or villous ; lobes short and broad. Petals 1A line diameter. Staminal bundles 4 to 5 lines long, the claws united in a ring at the base, narrow, exceeding the petals, each with a tuft of numerous short slender filaments at the end ; anthers very small. Ovules several in each cell, erect on a short placenta. Fruiting-heads about Ain. diameter, the fruits very closely appressed but scarcely connate, the calyx-tube circumsciss and deciduous, leaving the adnate part truncate on a level with the tube. — Asterom yrtus Gartneri, Schau. in Linmea, xvii. 243.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham.
In some heads the ovary remains small and abortive ; the calyx, enlarging much after flower- ing, becomes broadly campanulate, bordered by the persistent hardened claws of the staminal bundles. — Benth.
Gffirtner figures the seeds as winged, but it is doubtful whether he had them perfect, otherwise he would have seen the embryo. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, hard and tough ; excellent for posts and piles. Bailey's Cat. QL Woods Xo. 168b.
6. IVI. linariifolia (Toad Flax-leaved), Sin. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 278, and
F.rot. Bot. t. 56; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 140. “ Poorga,” Bundaberg, Keys:
“ Wooller- Wooller,” St. George, Wedd. A tall tree with slender branches, the bark white in papery layers, the young shoots and inflorescence usually pubescent,
Part If.
GOO
LI. MYRTACE/E.
[Melaleuca.
the adult foliage glabrous and often glaucous. Leaves mostly opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, concave or keeled, rigid, acute, f to Hin. long. Flowers white fragrant in distinct pairs, in rather dense spikes of 1 to lAin., at first terminal or in the upper axils, the axis soon growing out into a leafy branch, the rhachis and calyxes more or less pubescent. Calyx-tube ovoid-globular, 1 to 1^ line long ; lobes shorter, broad, obtuse, with searious or petal-like margins. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Staminal bundles often Ain. long or more, the claws long and narrow, sometimes filiform, each with numerous pinnately-arranged filaments ; anthers very small. Ovules very numerous in each cell, covering a peltate placenta ; style rather thick, with a broadly capitate stigma. Fruiting-calyx not much enlarged. Seeds minute, cuneate ; cotyledons not folded and not much longer than the radicle. — DC. Prod. iii. 214 ; Metrosi- deros hyssopifolia, Cav. Ic. iv. 20, t. 336.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, C. Stuart ; Rockhampton, P. O’Shanesy (F. v. M.)
Wood of a dark-red colour, very durable ; useful for building-stumps and piles for wharves. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. T Voods No. 169.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 28Joz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
Var. trichostachya. Leaves usually smaller. Flowers smaller in looser spikes. Bracts very narrow. Stamens more crowded on a shorter claw. Fruiting-calyx rather more open. — .1/. trichostachya, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austin 277; Belyando River, Mitchell; Burdekin and Gilbert Rivers and along the N.E. coast. F. v. Mueller : Cooper’s Creek. Howitt’s Expedition. — Ben th.
7. leucadendron (white tree), Linn. Mont. 105; Benth. hi. Amtr. iii. 142. “ Mor-ngi,” Palmer River, Roth ; “ Ivyenbooree,” Mackay, Nugent .
“ Bichuma,” Forest Hill, Macartney ; “ Atchoourgo,” Mitchell River, Palmer : “ Oodgeroo,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A tree often attaining a con- siderable size, with a thick bark peeling off in thin layers, the branches slender and often pendulous, but in some situations remaining a small tree or shrub with rigid erect branches. Leaves alternate, often vertical, elliptical or lanceolate, straight, oblique or falcate, acuminate, acute or obtuse, when broad very rigid and 2 to 4in. long, when narrow sometimes 6 to 8in. long, narrowed into a petiole, 3 to 7-nerved with anastomosing veins. Flower-spikes elongated, more or less interrupted, solitary or 2 or 3 together, from under 2 to above 6in. long, at first terminal but the axis growing out after flowering into a leafy branch, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous pubescent tomentose or woolly. Calyx-tube ovoid, usually about 1A line long ; lobes short, orbicular, often searious on the margin. Petals 1 to 1A line diameter. Staminal bundles under Ain. long, the claws sometimes exceedingly short, sometimes exceeding the petals, each with 5 to 8 filaments at the end. Ovules numerous, ascending on an oblong placenta. Fruiting-calyx usually about 2 lines diameter, varying from globular to almost hemispherical. Seeds obovoid or cuneate ; cotyledons obovate, thick, much longer than the radicle. — F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 55 ; M. leucadendron, Linn.; M. minor, Sm.; and M. riridiflnra, Giertn.; DC. Prod. iii. 212, and the same names with the addition of M. saligna, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 66, with the several synonyms quoted by DC. and Blume; Metrosideros albida, Sieb. PI. Exs., referred in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 194 to M . coriarea (attributed by mistake to Labill. instead of Salisb. Prod. 352).
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, P,. Brown ; common from the Victoria River to the Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller and others ; on the coast at various points from the Burdekin to Moreton Bay, Banks and Solander, B. Brown, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others; also in the interior, Mitchell.
The young leaves are bruised in water, and drunk for headaches and colds and general sickness; the bark is used for bedding to lay on the ground and to form camps with, Mitchell River. — Palmer.
In Queensland the species is represented by the following well-marked varieties : —
Var. lancifolia, Bail. Syn. 170. Paper-barked Tea-tree. Often a large tree, the bark in thin white layers, the leaves stiff, about 3 inches long, the end pointed ; spikes of greenish-yellow
Melaleuca.
LT. MYRTACEiE.
601
flowers, often two together. Common in the swamps of the south. — Yield of oil from dry- foliage, 30oz. per cwt., J. F. Bailey. — Wood of a pinkish-grey colour, close-grained and firm ; very useful for underground work. Bailey's Cat. Ql. J Foods No. 170.
Var. saligna, Bail. Syn. 170. Drooping Paper-barked Tea-tree. A large tree, the bark in white papery layers, the branches long, slender, and drooping like the Weeping Willow. Leaves 6 or more inches long, and about half an inch wide; the flowers very distant on the spike, and the stamens sometimes stained with red. Swamps and river-sides in tropical localities. — Wood of a light-grey colour; very durable, especially in underground work. Bailey's Cat. Ql. I Coach No. 171.
Var. Cunninghamii, Bail. Syn. 171. A small tree, the bark papery; leaves very stiff, large and broad. Flowers large, yellowish, the spikes about 5in. long. Swamps of tropical localities. — Wood hard, of a dark colour, very durable. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 172.
A form of the latter differs in its flowers being of a dark-red colour. Thursday and other islands of Torres Straits. — Wood similar. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 172a.
8. IYI. lasiandra (velvety flowers), F. r. M. Frar/m. iii. 115; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 143. A small tree, 40 to 45ft. high, with a stem diameter of 14 or 15in.; bark grey, fibrous, lamellar but hard and closely compact, the young foliage silvery-silky, becoming glabrous and glaucous with age. Leaves alternate, often vertical, from elliptical-lanceolate to almost linear, acute or acuminate, narrowed at the base, rigid, thick, 1 to 2in. long, attaining 3 or din. in length and a breadth of 4 lines, obscurely 3 or 5-nerved, nerves rather prominent. Flowers small, more or less distant, forming irregularly interrupted slender spikes 24in. long, at first terminal, but the axis soon growing out into a leafy shoot, the rhachis and calyxes softly pubescent or villous. Calyx-tube ovoid, about 1 line long ; lobes ovate, about half as long as the tube. Petals not much longer than the calvx-lobes, often pubescent. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws short, more or less pubescent outside, irregularly divided, each into 12 to 20 filaments, of which some are often free almost to the base ; anthers small. Ovules exceedingly numerous, covering a peltate placenta; style pubescent at the base ; stigma small. Fruiting-calyx not much enlarged, crowned by the persistent lobes. Seeds not winged. — Benth. l.c.
Hab.: Musgrave, Cape York Peninsula, Geo. . Jacobsen , who speaks of it as “a real good, useful timber, durable either in or out of the ground.”
I think there can be no doubt as to this being identical with the tree found by Baron Mueller on the Upper Victoria and Fitzmaurice Rivers in the Northern Territory of South Australia. — Bat. Bull. iv. 10.
9. IVT . genistifolia (Genista-leaved), Shi. in Tram. Linn. Soc. iii. 277, and Exot. But. t. 55 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 113. A tall shrub or tree, attaining 30 to 40ft. or even more. Bark hard, blackish, glabrous or more or less pubescent or hirsute. leaves scattered, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, rigid, acute and often pungent-pointed, flat, usually about |4n., but in some specimens longer, in others much shorter, finely striate, with 7 or more nerves, conspicuous on the floral leaves, almost evanescent on others. Flowers in loose oblong or cylindrical spikes, sometimes terminal, but the axis often growing out before the flowers expand, often mucn interrupted, and many of the bracts developed into leaves like the stem ones or shorter and broader, rarely all small, scale-like and deciduous, the rhachis and calyxes glabrous pubescent or hirsute. Calyx-tube ovoid, above 1 line long ; lobes triangular, sometimes acute, almost as in M. sti/phelioides, some- times more obtuse as in M. Preissiana. Petals very deciduous. Htaminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws usually shorter but sometimes longer than the petals, each with numerous filaments. Ovules numerous, closely packed on a small bifid placenta. Fruiting-calyx not much enlarged, nearly globular, crowned by the persistent lobes. — DC. Prod. iii. 212 ; M. lanceolate, Otto, from the diagnoses in DC. Prod. iii. 212 ; M. hracteata, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 15 ; Metrosideras decora , Salisb. Prod. 352.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Fraser, A. Cunningham, and others (flowering in April) ; Fine River and Mount Elliott, Fitzalan ; Marlborough, Bowman.
Wood of a grey colour, hard, close-grained and tough .^Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 172b,
G02
LI. MYRTACE/E.
[ Melaleuca .
10. IVI. styphelioides (Styphelia-like), Sm. in Trans, [.inn. Soc. iii. 275 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 144. A tall tree, attaining sometimes 80ft., the young shoots and inflorescence silky-pubescent or villous, otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pungent-pointed, mostly about Mn. long, rigid, finely striate, with many nerves. Flowers in rather dense oblong or cylindrical spikes, the axis growing out before the flowering is over, the floral leaves either like the stem ones and persistent or reduced to deciduous bracts. Calyx-tube ovoid, above 1 line long ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, acute or pungent, as long as or longer than the tube. Petals as long as the calyx-lobes, but very deciduous. Staminal bundles about 8 lines long, the claws not much longer than the calyx-lobe, each with several filaments shortly pinnate along the upper portion. Ovules very numerous, closely packed on a small placenta. Fruiting spikes often leafy, the calyxes crowned by the rigid erect lobes. — Colla, Hort. Ripul. App. t. 6.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller, without locality.
11. Preissiana (after L. Preiss), Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 143 ; Benth.
FI. Austr. iii. 145. “ Moonah,” Bundaberg, Keys. A tall shrub or tree, the
young shoots and often the inflorescence more or less pubescent or hirsute, becoming glabrous with age. Leaves scattered, rather crowded, erect, spreading or recurved, lanceolate or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, flat thick and rigid, obscurely 1 or 3-nerved, rarely exceeding iin. in length. Flowers not large, white or yellowish, in loose oblong or cylindrical spikes, 1 to 2in. long, rarely terminal, the axis growing out very early into a leafy shoot, and sometimes much interrupted, many of the bracts then leafy like the stern-leaves ; rhachis and calyxes glabrous or tomentose. Calyx-tube ovoid, thick, above 1 line long ; lobes much shorter, ovate, often persistent. Petals about 1 line diameter or smaller. Staminal bundles 3 to nearly 4 lines long, the claws rather exceeding the petals, each with 10 to 12 or more filaments on the upper portion. Ovules very numerous, covering a broad peltate placenta.—.!/, pubescens, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 928 ; 31. currifolia, Schlecht. Linnrea, xx. 654.
Hab.: Southern localities.
Var. leiostachya. Inflorescence quite glabrous. Leaves often smaller, narrower and more recurved. Ovules fewer. — .1/. parvittora , Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 8.
12. IVI. armillaris (bracelet-like), Sm. in Trans. I. inn. Soc. iii. 277 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 146. A tall glabrous shrub or sometimes a small tree, of 20 to 30ft. Leaves scattered, crowded, narrow-linear, acute and often recurved at the end, mostly iin. long or rather more. Flowers almost immersed in the rhachis of dense or interrupted cylindrical spikes, forming the base of the previous year’s or of young lateral shoots. Calyx-tube about 1 line long ; lobes shorter, almost acute. Petals above 1 line long. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 lines long or rather more, each with numerous filaments pinnately arranged along the upper half. Ovules very numerous in each cell, covering a peltate placenta ; stigma broad. — DC. Prod. iii. 213 ; 31. ericcefolia, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 175 ; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 76; Wendl. Coll. i. t. 29, not of Sm.; 3Ietrosideros armillaris , Gfertn. Fruct. i. 171 t. 34 ; Cav. Ic. t. 335.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. M.
13. 2VE. uncinata (hooked leaves), B. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2 iv. 414; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 150. A tall shrub, the young shoots more or less silky pubescent. Leaves alternate, linear-subulate, terete or rarely slightly compressed, smooth, sulcate or almost angular, 1 to 2in. long, with a fine recurved point, or rarely obtuse. Flowers small, numerous, in very dense terminal ovoid-oblong or almost globular heads, the axis often growing out before the flowering is over ; the rhachis and calyxes woolly, hirsute, or rarely quite glabrous. Calyx-tube not
Melaleuca .]
El. MYRTACE/E.
603
1 line long ; lobes exceedingly small and short. Staminal bundles about 2 lines long, the claws about as long as the petals, each with 5 to 7 filaments. Fruiting- spikes very dense and compact, rarely above fin. long ; the calyxes turbinate, truncate, about If line long. —DC. Prod. iii. 213; Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 138 ; M. hamata, Field, and Gardn. Sert. PI. t. 74 ; M. Drummondii, Schau. in PI. Preiss. i. 138 (rather shorter-leaved specimens) ; M. semiteres, Schau. l.c. 143 (leaves longer, not hooked).
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. M.
14. IVI. hakeoides (Hakea-like), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 151. A tall shrub, the young shoots softly silky-pubescent and somewhat silvery, the older foliage glabrous. Leaves alternate, linear-subulate, terete or slightly com- pressed, usually sulcate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 2in. long, the point straight. Flowers small, in dense globular or rarely ovoid terminal heads, the rhachis and calyxes usually villous. Calyx-tube about f line long ; lobes very small. Petals scarcely 1 line diameter. Staminal bundles not 2 lines long, the claws short, each with 3 to 7 filaments. Ovules few in each cell, erect ; stigma slightly dilated. Fruiting-spikes very dense, globular or ovoid, the calyxes truncate, about 1 line diameter.
Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek.
15. IVI. nodosa (flowers in knots), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 276, and Kxot. Bot. t. 35 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 158. A tall shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, linear or subulate, rigid, pungent-pointed, mostly f- to fin., or on luxuriant shoots nearly lin. long. Flowers in small dense globular or rarely ovoid axillary or terminal heads, the axis not growing out until after flowering, the rhachis tomentose. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate, about f line long ; lobes much shorter, obtuse and petal-like. Petals about as long as the calyx- lobes. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, the claws about as long as the petals, with 3 to 6 or rarely more filaments at the end. Ovules not very numerous, erect on a small placenta. Fruiting-heads very dense, globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the calyxes truncate. — DC. Prod. iii. 213; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 112 ; Metrosideros nodosa, Gsertn. Fruct. i. 172 t. 34 ; Cav. Ic. iv. t. 334 ; Melaleuca juniperina , Sieb.; Reichb. Iconogr. Exot. ii. 4 t. 112; M. juniper oides, DC. Prod. iii. 213; Metrosideros juniperina, and M. p ungens, Reichb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 194.
Hab.: Common in southern localities.
16. IVI. ericifolia (Heath-leaved), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 276, and Exot. Bot. t. 34; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 159. A shrub or tree, attaining sometimes a considerable height, usually glabrous and often glaucous, with virgate branchlets. Leaves scattered, numerous, often recurved, narrow-linear, semiterete or convex underneath, obtuse or scarcely acute, rarely above fin. long. Flowers yellowish- white or rarely red, not large (the males ?) in ovoid or nearly globular terminal heads, or the perfect ones in oblong and cylindrical spikes of f to lin., with the axis soon growing out into a leafy branch, the rhachis tomentose. Calyx glabrous or nearly so, short, broad, with short, broad, obtuse, herbaceous lobes. Petals above 1 line long. Staminal bundles 3 to 4 lines long, the claws exceed- ing the petals, each with about 7 filaments at the end. Ovules rather numerous in each cell, on a short peltate placenta. Fruiting spikes compact ; calyxes truncate. — DC. Prod. iii. 213; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 129; M. nodosa, Sieb. PI. Exs., not of Sm.; M. Gunniana, Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 928 ; M. heliophila, F. v. M.; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 120 (from the character given).
Hab.: Southern localities.
Var. erubescems. Flowers red. Stamens usually more numerous. .1/. erubescent, Otto, Hort. Berol. 37, according to DC. Prod. i. 214. M. diosmifolia, Dum. Corns, according to DC. l.c.
604
LI. MYRTACEvE.
[. Melaleuca .
17. IVI. minutifolia (leaves minute), F. r. M. in Tram. lJhil. Soc. Viet. iii. 45 ; lit nth. FI. Auatr. iii. 102. Nearly allied to M. tainariscina, but the branch- lets are much more slender and not excavated. Leaves opposite, scale-like, appressed and imbricate, almost stem-clasping and peltately attached near the base, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 4 to nearly 1 line long. Flowers small, in small ovoid terminal heads, the rhachis woolly. Calyx-tube broad, about 4 line long ; lobes about as long, broad, striate. Petals nearly 1 line long. Staminal bundles about 3 lines long, tbe claws narrow, nearly twice as long as the petals, each with 7 to 11 filaments at the end ; anthers very small. Fruiting-spikes short, the calyxes globular, truncate, about 14 line long.
Hab.: Flinders River, Bowman.
18. IVI. foliolosa (leaves small), A. Putin. ll<rl>.: Benth. FI. Auatr. iii. 162. Branchlets very numerous, erect and slender, excavated for the leaves, the margins of the excavations forming a fringe round them. Leaves opposite, scale- like, broad, thick, obtuse, triquetrous, peltately attached, closely appressed and imbedded in the excavations, scarcely 1 line long. Flowers only seen in very young bud, few, in terminal heads. Calyx campanulate, with short, broad, striate lobes. Petals striate. Stamens in bundles of 15 to 20, the claws already as long as the petals. Stigma rather broad. Fruiting-calyxes few in the head or solitary, globular, about 2 lines diameter.
Hab.: Cape Flinders, A. Cunningham.
19. IVI. tamariscina (Tamarix-leaved), Hook, in Mitch. Prop. Auatr. 262 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 163. Branchlets numerous, slender and excavated for each leaf as in M. foliolosa, but in a rather less degree. Leaves scarcely opposite, scale-like, peltate and half stem-clasping, closely appressed and half immersed in the excavations, ovate, concave, rarely above 4 line long, the lower ones of each branchlet very obtuse, the upper ones often acuminate. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-spikes oblong or cylindrical, 4 to lin. long, the calyxes often densely packed, globular, about 14 line diameter.
Hab : Belyando River. Mitchell, and other localities in the south-west.
. 14. ANGOPHORA, Cav.
(Goblet form of fruit.)
Calyx-tube turbinate-campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad and open, 5-angled, truncate, with 5 small distinct teeth. Petals 5, attached by their broad base, herbaceous and aristate, with- coloured margins, much imbricate in the bud, spreading and separately deciduous. Stamens numerous, free, in several series, filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, the flat summit glabrous, 3 or 4-celled, with many ovules in each cell, ascending on a peltate placenta ; style subulate, with a capitate stigma. Capsule enclosed in and adnate to the hardened truncate persistent calyx-tube, opening loculicidally in 3 or 4 valves. Perfect seeds (where known) 1 in each cell, large, broad, very flat, peltately attached on the inner face ; testa thin ; embryo straight ; cotyledons thin, flat, or folded over- each other at the edge, deeply cordate, the radicle slightly clavate, scarcely pro- truding beyond the lobes of the cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs, usually glaucous, pubescent or hispid with bristly hairs. Leaves opposite or here and there alter- nate, coriaceous, penniveined. Flowers in umbel-like cymes arranged in terminal corymbs. Bracts exceedingly deciduous.
The genus is limited to Eastern Australia. It is very nearly allied to Eucalyptus, the petals similarly truncate at the base, but not connate, and the calyx-teeth, although small, are more prominent than in any Eucalyptus. — Benth.
Angophora.]
LI. MYRTACEJL
605
Leaves mostly or all sessile and cordate at the base. Bark rough and per- sistent. Flowers small and numerous. Calyx-tube about 2 lines long . . 1. .1. subvelutina.
Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, not cordate.
Bark rough and persistent. Flowers small and numerous. Calyx-tube
about 2 lines long 2. A. intermedia .
Bark smooth and deciduous. Flowers rather large, not very numerous.
Calyx-tube about 3 lines long 3. A. lanceolata.
1. A. subvelutina (somewhat velvety), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 31 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 184. A tree attaining a considerable size with a rough persistent bark as in A. intermedia. Foliage and young shoots glaucous or minutely pubescent, with often a few bristles on the flowering branches and inflorescence. Leaves sessile or nearly so, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly acute, all (excepting rarely the upper ones) cordate at the base with rounded auricles, 2 to 4in. long, the veins numerous but not usually so much so nor so fine as in A. intermedia. Flowers small, in loose corymbs, precisely as in A. intermedia. Fruiting calyxes B to 4 lines diameter. — A. relutina, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 170.
Hab.: Brisbane, Burnett, and Boyd Rivers, F. v. Mueller.
Wood pinkish-grey, close-grained, and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods A To. 174.
2. A. intermedia (intermediate), DC. Prod. iii. 222 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 184. Apple-tree. “ Bu-poo,” Brisbane, T. Petrie ; “ Nankoor,” Nanango, Shirley. A tree attaining a considerable size with a rough persistent fibrous bark, quite glabrous or slightly pubescent, or rarely with a few bristles on the inflores- cence. Leaves distinctly petiolate, lanceolate or sometimes ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, 2 to 4in. long, or even more in some specimens. Flowers rather small, in loose corymbs or trichotomous panicles. Calyx usually about 2 lines long and 3 lines diameter at the top, but sometimes rather larger, the 5 ribs very prominent and the secondary ones also conspicuous ; the teeth shortly subulate, rarely half as long as the tube. Fruiting calyx 3 to 4 lines diameter at the top and about as long. — Metrosidcros Moribund a, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 267 (not of Ventenat).
Hab.: In the interior, Mitchell; common in many southern and western localities.
Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, and easily worked. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. J foods No. 175.
Var. Woodsiana. A. Woodsiana, Bail. Syn. Ql. FI. 172 and Cat. Ql. Woods. Differing from the typical form principally in the larger foliage and fruit, and in the larger amount of dark-red liquid gum which is frequently found in the hollows of the timber. Hab.: Eight-mile Plains, near Brisbane. — Wood of a pinkish colour, hard and heavy. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 17oa.
3. A. lanceolata (lance-shaped leaves), Car. Lc. iv. 22 t. 339; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 184. Rusty Gum. A tree of considerable size, the bark deciduous in large smooth flakes ; branches and foliage glabrous and scarcely glaucous, or rarely a few bristles on the inflorescence. Leaves distinctly petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, mostly 3 to 5in. long, coriaceous, with numerous fine parallel pinnate veins. Flowers in rather dense terminal corymbs or short panicles, larger and more dense than in A. intermedia. Calyx usually about 3 lines long and 4 lines broad at the top, the teeth very minute or at any rate shorter and thicker than in A. intermedia, and the secondary ribs often very short or quite inconspicuous. Fruiting calyx usually thick and very smooth. — DC. Prod. iii. 222 ; Metrosideros costata, Gsertn. Fruct. i. 171 t. 34 f. 2 ; M. lanceolata, Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 25 (not the sp. with the same name l.c. 26); M. ajmct/nifolia, Salisb. Prod. 351.
Hab.: Burnett River, /•'. v. Mueller: Boyd River, Herb. F. r. Mueller: Moveton Bay, (’. Stuart ; abundant in southern localities.
Wood of a pinkish colour, hard anti hea\y. None of the species produce a durable timber. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 170.
606
LI. MORTAGE;®.
[ An;/op)iora.
Both the living tree and the timber somewhat resemble in appearance the Spotted Gum. Eucalyptus maculata , and the latter has been used in mistake for it; but if exposed to the weather, the Angophora wood soon perishes.
Gum contains 33-3% of tannin ; resin, 5%. Laulerer.
Dr. Joseph Lauterer remarks that the tan-resin gums of Myrtacete are entirely endemic in Australia, no plant of other countries yielding an exudation similar to them in chemical composition.
15. EUCALYPTUS, Lher.
(Alluding to the lid, which is formed of the corolla and calyx-lobes, well covering the organs of reproduction during the early stage of their growth.)
(Eudesmia, 11. Br. Symphyomyrtus, Scliau.)
Calyx-tube obconical campanulate or oblong, adnate to the ovary at the base or rarely to the top, truncate and entire after the falling off of the operculum or with 4 minute teeth ; the orifice closed by a hemispherical conical or elongated operculum covering the stamens in the bud and falling off entire when the stamens expand, this operculum usually simple (formed of the concrete petals ?), thin or more frequently thick, fleshy or woody, the veins longitudinal, numerous and parallel or rarely anastomosing, the separation from the calyx-tube usually but not always marked in the bud by a distinct line ; there is also frequently in the very young bud a very thin membranous external operculum more continuous with the calyx-tube and very rarely this external one persists nearly as long as the internal one and is as thick or nearly so. Stamens numerous, in several series, free or very rarely very shortly united at the base into 4 clusters ; anthers versatile or attached at or close to the base, the cells parallel and distinct or divergent and confluent at the apex, opening in longitudinal slits or rarely in terminal pores, the connective often thickened into a small gland either separating the cells or behind them when they are contiguous. Ovary inferior, the summit glabrous, flat, convex or conical, 8 to 6-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell, in 2 to 4 rows, on an adnate or oblong and peltate axile placenta ; style subulate or rarely almost clavate, with a small truncate capitate or rarely peltate stigma. Fruit consisting of the more or less enlarged truncate calyx-tube enclosing the capsule, usually of a hard and woody texture and interspersed with resinous receptacles, the persistent disk usually thin and lining the orifice of the calyx- tube when the capsule is deeply sunk ; concave, horizontal, convex, or conically projecting, and more or less contracting the orifice when the capsule is not much shorter than, as long as, or longer than the calyx-tube ; the capsule always adnate to the calyx-tube although often readily separable from it when quite ripe and dry, very rarely protruding from the orifice left by the disk before maturity, but opening at the apex in as many valves as there are cells, which often protrude, especially when acuminate by the persistent and split base of the style. Seeds for the greater part abortive but more or less enlarged, variously shaped and of a hard apparently uniform texture, one or very few in each cell perfect, usually ovoid or flattened and ovate when solitary, variously shaped and angular when more than one ripen ; testa black, dark coloured, or rarely pale, smooth or granular, not hard, in a few species expanded into a variously- shaped wing ; hilum ventral or lateral. Embryo with broad cordate 2-lobed or bipartite cotyledons, folded over the straight radicle but otherwise flat. — Shrubs or trees, attaining sometimes a gigantic size, secreting more or less of resinous gums, whence their common appellation of (rum-trees. Leaves in the young saplings of many species, and perhaps all in some species, horizontal, opposite, sessile, and cordate, in the adult shrub or tree of most species vertical (or sometimes horizontal), alternate, petiolate and passing more or less from broadly ovate to lanceolate acuminate and falcate, always rigid whether thick or thin, penniveined, the midrib conspicuous ; the primary veins often scarcely perceptible when the leaves are thick ; in some species few, irregular, oblique, and anastomosing and
LI. MYRTACLrE.
607
b! ucalyptux.]
passing through every gradation from that to numerous parallel diverging or transverse veins, always converging into an intramarginal vein, either close to or more or less distant from the edge, the intermediate reticulate veinlets rarely very prominent, and scarcely any when the primary veins are closely parallel. Flowers large or small, in umbels or heads, usually pedunculate, rarely reduced to a single sessile flower, the peduncles in most species solitary and axillary or lateral (hy the abortion of the floral leaves) either at the base of the year’s shoot below the leaves or at the end of the older shoot above them. Bracts and bracteoles when present so early deciduous as only to have been observed in a very few species.
With the exception of two species extending to Timor, and two or three or perhaps one single somewhat doubtful species from the Indian Archipelago, the Eucalypti are all Austra- lian, and constitute a large portion of the forest vegetation. Their size and abundance, as well as the great value of their timber and other products, cause them to be well known to colonists under their local appellations of Gum, Mahogany , and Box-trees, Stringy -harks, Iron- barks, Ac. The extraordinary differences in the foliage of many species at different periods of their growth add much to the ordinary difficulties arising from the gradual transition of varieties, races, or species one into the other. The old division of the genus according to the opposite or alternate leaves is now found to be quite fallacious, so many species having them opposite at an early stage and alternate when full grown ; the second character generally made use of in books, the comparative length of the operculum and calyx-tube, is too indefinite for practical use. The groups have been established in the first place upon the form of the anthers and secondly upon that of the fruit, and in some cases on the inflorescence or the calyx. It must be admitted, indeed, that these groups, distinct as they may be in the typical species, pass very gradually into each other through intermediate forms, but I have endeavoured to supply cross-references to facilitate the determination of dried specimens in doubtful cases.
I have thought it generally useless to describe the branchlets terete or angular, for in those species such as E. pruinosa, E. tetragon a, E. tetraptera, &c., where the angles are often so prominent as to be almost transformed into wings, there occur branches, often on the same specimen, quite terete.
The form, size and venation of the leaves described has always been taken from those of the flowering branches of what have been supposed to be adult trees or shrubs ; when not stated to the contrary, they are always alternate and petiolate. A great majority of the species are now known to have on the young sapling, or even on adventitious barren branches of older trees, opposite sessile broad or cordate leaves passing gradually [into the ordinary alternate petiolate narrower ones. It appeared quite useless in any manner to describe these sapling leaves in the several species where they have been observed, for they present at once the greatest similarity in the corresponding leaves of different species and the greatest dissimilarity in the different leaves of the same species or specimen. Where in the following pages the leaves are described as opposite and sessile, it is meant that they retain that form on the flowering branches. So also in the venation, characteristic as it often is in the lanceolate leaves, the specific modifications disappear in a great measure as the leaf gets broader, and it is only very rarely that there are any appreciable specific differences in the venation of the sapling leaves. A very few at that age, especially in the Corymbose series, appear to be already alternate, but to have the lamina peltately inserted on the petiole above the base, but data on that point are but very scanty.
Diagnostic characters are sometimes taken from the position of the leaves, horizontal or vertical, and the comparative colour of their surfaces, dark above and pale underneath or similar on both sides, but this can rarely be ascertained from dried specimens. In general it would appear that the horizontal leaves have the two surfaces different and the veins very divergent or transverse, and the vertical leaves have the surfaces similar and the veins oblique ; so that where the leaves of the adult tree are alternate lanceolate and foliate with oblique veins they are usually vertical, whilst the opposite ones of the sapling of the same species are horizontal.
The inflorescence is often characteristic of species or even of groups, but cannot always be taken absolutely in single specimens. The umbels are as a rule universal, but are always in a very few large-flowered species, and occasionally in others, reduced to a single flower. The length of the peduncle supporting it, either absolute or compared to that of the petiole, to which importance is given in old diagnoses, appears to be rarely available as a specific character. Karely above lin., generally varying from \ to Jin. and sometimes entirely disappearing, it is only in the few cases where it is constantly long or short as compared to these dimensions that I have referred to it. These peduncles with their umbels are, however, in their general arrange- ment, of some importance, constituting three types: — 1, axillary or lateral, that is, solitary in the axils of the leaves, or along the branchlet above or below the leaves; 2, several together in short simple panicles at the end of the branchlet or in the axils of the leaves ; and 3, in a compound terminal corymbose panicle.. But these forms appear to pass into each other very much in imperfect specimens. In the first and simplest form, the floral leaves of the upper-
LI. MYRTACE/L.
[fcucttlypiux.
<>Ois
most umbels or of very short axillary flowering branches are sometimes quite abortive, con- verting the inflorescence into the second form ; in this again the lower axillary panicles may be occasionally reduced to single umbels as in the first, and even in the terminal corymb, characteristic of the Corymbosa, a single specimen may here and there show an axillary umbel, or after dowering the branches of the corymb may occasionally though rarely grow out into leafy shoots, leaving the fruiting umbels lateral below the new leaves.
The form and dimensions of the calyx-tube (hypanthiuni of Schauer, cupula of De Candolle) are taken when the stamens are expanded but still adhering ; after they fall it often alters so much that it neither indicates the form it had in dower nor yet that which it will assume in fruit.
The operculum described is always the single one, probably representing the petals, as it appears when ready to fall off for the expansion of the stamens. The outer one, of whose nature there is still much doubt, exists probably in nearly all species at an early stage, but it is usually thin and falls off too soon to be worth mentioning in descriptions. Where, as in E. platyphylla , it persists rather longer, it appears to do so in a very variable degree in the same species.
The dimensions given for the stamens refer to the outer ones ; the inner ones are almost universally gradually shorter.
The number of cells of the ovary is also very rarely a guide to the species. They generally vary from 3 to 4 or from 4 to 5, very rarely 6, and not constantly so in any species I have seen. In K. phatniceu there are only two.
For similar reasons the seeds are seldom mentioned. The abortive seeds are usually numerous in the capsule, unimpregnated and of a hard granular uniform texture, but enlarged, especially those near the top of the capsule, and variously shaped according to the degree of mutual pressure, the several seeds of the same specimen often differing more from each other than the corresponding ones of different species. Of perfect seeds there generally only ripen either 2 or 3 or a single one in each cell, and their shape is accordingly modified. They are, more- over, always near the orifice of the capsule and the first to be shed, and are thus unknown in a large portion of the species. The most remarkable are those of the majority of the Corymbose, which are large and more or less expanded into a membranous wing.
The embyro in Eucalyptus appears always to have the cotyledons folded over the radicle, but varies much in the shape of the cotyledons, very broad or rather narrow, entire, cordate, 2-lobed or 2-partite, and in the comparative length of the radicle, and these differences are very likeLy of specific constancy. I have therefore thought it very unsafe to rely upon any of the modifica- tions observed for specific distinction. — Benth.
Series I. Ztenantheras. — Stamens all perfect or very rarely some of the outer ones with abortive anthers ; anthers reniform or broad, and flat , the cells diveryent or at lenytli divaricate, continuous and usually confluent at the apex.
Leaves falcate-lanceolate ; apex long and narrow. Peduncles broadly com- pressed, bearing 3 to 7 nearly sessile flowers. Fruit globose-ovate,
truncate, 8 to 10 lines long, 3 to 4-eelled 1 . E. Planchoniana.
Leaves falcate-lanceolate, somewhat glossy. Umbels containing from 3 to 10 pedicellate flowers. Anthers broadly cordate, slits divergent. Fruit
globose-urceolate, 5 to 7 lines diameter, 3-celled 2 . E. Baileyana.
Leaves on the young plants and sprouts from old stumps
Small, rough and hairy 4. E. euyenioides.
Glabrous and often large 6. E. acmenioides.
Fruit subglobose, much contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule sunk. Buds ovoid. Operculum as long as the calyx-tube.
Leaf-veins fine 5. E. piperita.
Fruit subglobose or depressed-globose, the rim very convex or prominent.
Buds ovoid or obovoid. Operculum usually as long as or longer than
the calyx-tube, very obtuse. Flowers and fruits sessile 3. capitellata.
Leaf-veins numerous, fine and parallel (not very close). Buds ovoid- acuminate or oblong. Operculum as long as or longer than the calyx-tube.
Stamens much inflected in the bud. Leaf-veins oblique or diverging, often scarcely visible on the upper surface. Fruit under Jin. diameter.
Operculum about as long as the calyx-tube. Fruit contracted at the
orifice. Peduncles terete or nearly so b. E. piperita .’
pereulum longer than the calyx-tube. Fruit straight or scarcely contracted at the orifice. Peduncles more or less flattened. Umbels mostly axillary. Fruit-rim usually broad and flat 7. E. pilularis.
Lt. MYRTACE/E.
609
k mah/fdus.]
Series II. Keterostemones. — Outer stamens anantherous or with small ahortice anthers : anthers of the perfect ones small, globular, or truncate, the cells contiguous, opening in pores or in oblong slits, sometimes at length confluent.
(The species are all Eastern, one only tE. gracilis) extending also into Western Australia, and all extratropical, two only (E. h anna stoma and F.. microcorys ) also tropical or subtropical. Benth.)
(The outer stamens appear also to be anantherous or with abortive anthers only in A. virgata, and perhaps occasionally but only in a slight degree in some others of the Renantherw, and sometimes but rarely in E. bicolor, amongst Poranthene, but I have never found them so in any of the other species. — Benth.)
Umbels all axillary or lateral. Buds ovoid or rarely obovoid. Peduncles
terete or nearly so.
Flowers large, usually 3 to 5 in the umbel. Leaves very coriaceous . . 8. E. leucoxylun.
Flowers small, 4 to 8 in the umbel.
Leaves rather thin. Buds ovoid, often acuminate. Flowers distinctly
pedicellate 9. E. melliodora.
Leaves thick, narrow, black-dotted, mostly under Bin. long. Buds
obovoid, tapering into short pedicels or nearly sessile 10. E. gracilis.
Upper umbels forming a terminal corymb or panicle. Buds obovoid.
Leaves thick, narrow, black-dotted, veins scarcely visible. Flowers
small. Pedicels short 10. A', gracilis.
Leaves rather thin, veins very oblique, often distinct. Flowers small.
(Anthers usually all perfect) 18. E. bicolor.
Leaves rather thick, not dotted, veins numerous and more regular but fine, sometimes indistinct. Flowers moderate-sized or rather large,
distinctly pedicellate ' 11. A’, paniculata.
Upper umbels forming a terminal corymbose panicle. Buds clavate, tapering into a rather long pedicel.
Buds very angular. Operculum often conical 11. E. paniculata.
Buds not angular. Operculum very short and obtuse.
Leaves very coriaceous, with oblique veins. Fruit pear-shaped with
a broad flat rim 12. A’, hamastoma.
Leaves rather thin, with almost transverse veins. Fruit oblong . . 13. E. microcorys.
Sekies III. Porantherse. — Stamens all perfect (except, rarely in E. bicolor and perhaps in E. polyanthemos) ; anthers small and globular, or broader than long, the cells distinct, opening in small circular pores, sometimes extending at length into oblong slits.
(The leaves when narrow have always an oblique irregular venation. The operculum is short, and the capsule sunk in the fruit. — Benth.)
(The anthers sometimes are very nearly those of the Micranthene, whilst among Micranthera there are several species, especially A. siderophloia, in which the anther-cells are so short that their slits are at first little more than pores. — Benth.)
Umbels few-flowered, usually several together, in short leafless axillary or terminal panicles, or in terminal corymbs. Operculum short, obtuse.
Leaves sessile, opposite, cordate or ovate. Flowers in terminal corym- bose panicles 14. A’, pruinosa.
Leaves orbicular to broad-ovate, of an almost ashy hue or dull-greenish.
Outer stamens sterile, fertile anthers truncate, opening by terminal pores 15. A’, polyanthemos. Leaves orbicular-ovate or roundish, very glossy. Stamens all fertile ; anthers roundish -ovate, opening below the summit by pores or short
slits 10. A’, populifolia.
Leaves thick, falcate or oblong-lanceolate, shining on both sides, nerves somewhat patent. Operculum sharply conical, about Jin. long. Fruit Jin. long and Jin. thick 17. A. ochrophloia.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, rather thin 18. A. bicolor.
Umbels several-flowered, often solitary in the axils, the upper ones in terminal corymbose panicles. Operculum usually conical, about as long as the calyx-tube. Pedicels short.
Leaves broad or falcate, very coriaceous 19. A’, hemiphloia.
Leaves coriaceous, with numerous fine diverging veins, sometimes
inconspicuous 23. E. siderophloia.
Series IV. XVI ic rant her a;. — Anthers eery small, globular, or broader than long, with globular distinct cells opening in lateral slits.
(Here are most of the “ Ironbarks.” The series, which closely connects the Borautherce with the Norinales, i3 by no means a distinctly marked one. The anthers have at first sight, in their shape and small size, the appearance of the former, whilst their dehiscence is almost or quite
610
LI. MYRTACE.E.
[ Kuvahjpiu s.
that of the Normales. As in Poranthe r<e, the operculum is short, rarely slightly longer than the calyx-tube, and the capsule more or less sunk, although the points of the valves often protrude. — Beitth.)
Leaves chartaceous, ovate to elongate-lanceolate, pale on under side.
Umbels in panicles. Operculum hemispherical. Fruit top-shaped to
semiovate 21. A. Cloeziana.
Leaves elongate-lanceolate, pale beneath, 2 to Sin. long, J to ljin. broad, only slightly curved. Panicles mostly terminal. Operculum mem- branous, conical, about 2 lines long 22. A. Howittiana.
Leaves all or mostly sessile, opposite and cordate 24. A. melanophloia.
Calyx-tube turbinate. Operculum very obtuse. Foliage not white . . . 20. A. Bowmani.
Leaves mostly lanceolate-falcate, the veins inconspicuous. Upper umbels
usually paniculate 23. A', siderophloia .
Flowers distinctly pedicellate. Leaves lanceolate, falcate. Calyx-tube
above 2 lines diameter, turbinate 20. A. Bowmani.
Leaves of the flowering-branches mostly lanceolate or falcate (sometimes broad), coriaceous with numerous fine diverging veins, often scarcely conspicuous. Flowers on distinct but short and angular pedicels.
Upper umbels usually in a short terminal panicle 23. A. siderophloia.
Leaves of the flowering-bhmches from ovate and obtuse to narrow- lanceolate and acuminate, with numerous tine parallel diverging or transverse veins, usually visible. Flowers small, the upper umbels often in a short panicle. Operculum about as long as the calyx-tube.
Leaves usually long and narrow.
Fruit subglobose, truncate, about 3 lines diameter, scarcely contracted at
the orifice \ 25. A. drepanopliylla .
Fruit from nearly globose to narrow-ovoid, contracted at the orifice, not
above 2 lines diameter 27 E. crebra.
Fruit of E. crebra. but 4 lines diameter 26. A', leptophleba.
Fruit hemispherical, very open, not above 2 lines diameter, half the
capsules and valves protruding 30. A’, microtheca.
Foliage strongly lemon-scented, glaucous, thick, 2 to 5in. long. Oper- culum conical. Fruit 2 to 3 lines long 28. E. Staigeriana .
Leaves elongate-lanceolate. Flowers exceedingly small. Operculum
conical, two or three times as long as the calyx 29. E. Raveretiana.
Series V. Nor males. — Stamens alt perfect ; anthers oblong-ovate or nearly ylobose , the cells perfectly distinct , parallel (either contiguous with the connective-gland behind, them, or back to back, with the connective between them), and opening longitudinally .
Subseries I. Robust®. — Peduncles axillary or lateral, or very rarely the upper ones in a terminal corymb, usually flattened, each with several (rarely only 1) large or moderate-sized fowers, sessile or tapering into thick pedicels. Leaves usually thick and alternate. Rim of the fruit concave, with a sunk capsule.
(E. robusta and E. botryoides are near E. resinifera and its allies in foliage, but very different
in fruit. — Benth.)
Leaves with numerous close parallel very diverging or transverse veins.
Fruit ovoid-oblong or urceolate, the capsule deeply sunk.
Calyx ribbed or winged, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles 3 to 5-fiowered.
Fruit several-ribbed 31. A. miniata.
Calyx not ribbed. Fruit rarely above Jin. long.
Buds narrow, acuminate, Jin. long or more. Operculum as long as
or longer than the calyx-tube 32. A. robusta.
Buds ovoid-oblong, not above 4 lines long. Operculum not so long as
the calyx-tube 33. A. botryoides.
Subseries II. Exsertse. - Peduncles axillary or lateral, or rarely also the upper ones in a short terminal corymb, terete or scarcely flattened, each with several, often many flowers, usualli / pedunculate. Fruit globose or depressed, usually more or less contracted at the orifice, the rim convex or prominent, rarely flat, the capsule-valves protruding beyond it.
Leaves alternate, from very broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually
obtuse, whitish, veined. Operculum obtuse, longer than the calyx-tube 36. E. dealbata. Leaves orbicular ovate or lanceolate, very thick, the veins (fine and parallel
or irregular and oblique) scarcely conspicuous.
Calyx not 3 lines diameter Operculum short 34. A. paHidifolia.
Calyx angular. 4 to 6 lines diameter or more. Operculum as long as or longer than the calyx-tube. Disk forming a raised ring or prominent
rim round the somewhat depressed capsule 35. E. parity pliylla .
Eucalyptus .]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
611
Leaves long-lanceolate or linear, not very thick, the oblique veins fine but often conspicuous. Calyx rarely above 3 lines diameter.
Pedicels slender. Operculum more or less rostrate. Fruit-rim very
convex or conical.
Bark smooth, white, deciduous 37. E. rostrata.
Bark rough, dark, persistent or falling off in fragments 38. E. exserta.
Operculum 2 to 4 times as long as the calyx-tube, obtusely conical.
Fruit-rim very convex or conical 39. K. tereticornia.
Subsekies III. Subexsertae. -Peduncle* axillary or lateral, or also the upper ones more or
less paniculate, terete or flattened, several-flowered. Calyx-tube broad at the orifice. Fruit
turbinate, the orifice not contracted, the capsule level nr slightly sunk, the valves often protruding when open.
This subseries differs from the Exsertee and the Inclusce chiefly in the fruit. — Benth.
Leaves broad, with very diverging veins and distinctly reticulate.
Flowers nearly sessile or on short thick pedicels. Operculum hemi- spherical, short 40. IS. platyphylla.
Flowers small, distinctly pedicellate. Operculum conical 41. E. alba.
Leaves mostly lanceolate, rather thick, the veins fine or obscure, oblique
and irregular. Operculum conical 42. E. Stuartiana.
(See also 23, E. siderophloia, which has nearly the fruit of the Subexsertce , but with very different anthers. — Benth.)
Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, with very numerous, fine, close, parallel veins.
Operculum conical, about as long as the calyx-tube. Leaves usually
narrow. Flowers nearly sessile 43. E. saligna.
Operculum much longer than the calyx-tube. Leaves usually broad- lanceolate. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
Calyx-tube under Jin. diameter 44. E . resinifera .
Calyx-tube 6 to 8 lines diameter 45. E. pellita.
Subsekies IV. Incluste. — Umbels usually several-flowered, axillary or lateral and solitary or several together, in lateral clusters or very short panicles, and then sometimes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers each, the peduncles terete or rarely flattened. Fruit more or less contracted at the orifice, the capsule sunk, the valves not protruding , excepting their poin ts when, acuminate by the split base of the style.
Umbels solitary and simple, axillary or the upper ones almost paniculate.
Operculum hemispherical or flat. Peduncles with several pedicellate flowers. Calyx Jin. long, narrow. Stamens long and red. Fruit long,
with a distinct neck 49. E. phcenicea.
Umbels several together, on very short lateral peduncles, forming short panicles or clusters ; operculum very short and flat.
Leaves mostly opposite, large, broad, thick, and rigid. Umbels irregular,
each often reduced to 1 or 2 flowers. Calyx 4 lines diameter or more 46. E. yrandifolia. Leaves from broadly cordate and opposite to broadly lanceolate, irregu- larly and conspicuously veined. Umbels many-flowered. Pedicels
long. Calyx under 3 lines diameter 47. E. clavigera.
Leases all narrow-lanceolate, with more regular veins. Pedicels shorter.
Calyx small (the whole inflorescence sometimes reduced to an
apparently simple cluster) 48. E. tesselaris.
(See also 27, E. crebra, and its allies amongst Micrantherce, which have frequently a compound inflorescence, and a similar fruit, but a conical operculum and very small anthers.)
Subseries V. Corymbosse.— Flowers usually large, (the umbels or very rarely heads j all in a terminal corymbose panicle, or rarely a few of the lower ones axillary. Fruit often large, more or less urceolate, the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds usually large, flat, with acute edges, often more or less expanded in a variously -shaped wing.
Leaves opposite, sessile, cordate. Branehlets and calyx bristly. Leaves
small. Fruit J to fin. long 50. FI. setosa.
Leaves alternate, peltately attached to the petiole above the base, broadly
ovate 52. A. peltata.
Leaves alternate, petiolate, broadly ovate. Fruit globose, truncate or with
a very short neck 53. E. latifolia.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, with numerous fine, close, almost transverse veins. Fruit J to fin. long, not ribbed. Seeds more or less winged 55. E. corymbosa.
LT. MYRTACE^.
r, 12
Leaves long-lanceolate, thick and smooth, the very fine close almost transverse veins scarcely conspicuous.
Fruit oblong. Operculum depressed, continuous with the calyx till the
moment of separation 56. K. terminalis.
Fruit nearly globular, with a short neck. Operculum depressed.
(Flowers smaller than in the other species?) 57. F. dichromophloia.
Leaves narrow- lanceolate, rigid, with more oblique veins. Operculum double. Flowers pedicellate in 3-flowered umbels 59. E. muculata.
Subseries VI. Eudesmiece. — Leaves, including the petiolatc ones, mostly oj)posite or nearly so. Peduncles usually ‘A-flowered. Calyx with 4 minute teeth, more or less conspicuous below the globular hemispherical or flattened operculum. Stamens sometimes in 4 clusters.
Stamens very numerous, not separated into clusters, the disk not lobed.
Fruit oblong-cylindrical, above Jin. long ; rim narrow ; capsule sunk.
Leaves long-lanceolate, the veins usually conspicuous. Flowers rather
large 61. F. tetradontn.
Branchlets hairy. Leaves broad-coriaceous, under side pale. Umbels paniculate. Peduncles thick ; pedicels very short. Operculum hemi- spherical 51. F. Torelliarw.
Leaves thick, broadish, pale beneath. Umbels paniculate. Operculum hemispherical. Fruit urceolate. Seeds winged at top 54. F. Albergiana.
Leaves rather narrow, elongate. Umbels paniculate. Operculum small.
patellar. Fruit rather small, urceolate, valves enclosed 58. F. trachyphloia.
Leaves broadish, green on both sides. Umbels paniculate. Operculum thick, depressed, hemispherical. Fruit large, urceolate-semiovate, valves enclosed. Seeds large 60. F. Watsoniana .
1. E. Planchoniana (after Dr. J. E. Planchon), E. r. M. Fragm. xi. 48 ; Eucalypt. Dec. 4. A tall tree, stem diameter attaining 8ft., the bark fibrous and persistent, head of foliage dense. Leaves scattered, falcate-lanceolate, 4 to Gin. long, f to lin. or more broad, parallel nerves somewhat distant, joining the marginal vein which is rather distant from the edge. Petioles 6 to 12 lines long. Peduncles as long or longer than the petioles, compressed, axillary, each with a head of from 3 to 7 flowers, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, the young flower- buds ellipsoid-cylindric, compressed, angular towards the base, about -Jin. long. Operculum narrow conical, about as long as the calyx-tube, longitudinal streaked. Stamens all fertile. Anthers ovate or roundish-cordate, slits longitudinal. Style rather long ; stigma not dilated. Fruit 8 to 12 lines long and scarcely less wide, globose-ovate with a truncate top, 3 or 4-celled, streaked with angular lines or ribs. Capsule deeply sunk. Seeds angular, 1 to 11 line long.
Hab.: Eight-mile Plains, south of Brisbane.
Gum contains 68% of tannin and 6-4% of metarabin. — Lauterer.
Wood of a grev colour, hard and heavy ; useful for house-building. — Hailey's Cat. Ql. Woods So. 177.
2. E. Baileyana (after F. M. Bailey), F. v. M . Fragm. xi. 37 ; Eucalypt. Dec. 3. Rough Stringybark. A tall tree with a very rough, persistent, fibrous bark, the inner yellowish and extremely tough. Stem diameter attaining to 4ft. Branchlets angular towards the end. Leaves scattered, of somewhat thin con- sistence, falcate-lanceolate, 3 to Sin. long, J to lin. broad, somewhat shining, green on both sides, oil dots copious, the parallel lateral nerves moderately patent, the marginal vein rather distant from the edge. Peduncles 6 to 12 lines long, lateral, slightly compressed, bearing from 7 to 10 flowers in each umbel. Pedicels short, more prominent under the fruit. Flowers crowded ; buds cvlindrical-clavate. Stamens all fertile, inflexed before expansion. Anthers broadly cordate, opening by divergent slits. Stigma not dilated. Fruit globose- urceolate, S to 7 lines long and broad, brown, roughly striate, 3-celled, valves scarcely exserted. Seeds oblong, rather large.
Hab : Eight-mile Plains, near Brisbane.
Wood of a light-grey colour, very tough ; suitable for tool-handles and other purposes where toughness is required. The inner bark yields a strong fibre. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods So. 201.
Eucalyptus.']
LT. MYRTAOEj®.
fiia
8. &> capitellata (flowers in small heads), Sm. Bot. Xu c. Hull. 42, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 285 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 206 ; F. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 3. A moderate-sized or large tree (200ft. high, F. r. M.), with a dark-grey furrowed fibrous bark (/•'. r. M.) Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to long-lanceolate, generally very oblique and falcate, and about 3 to 6in. long, very thick and shining, with oblique venation. Peduncles axillary or lateral, usually thick and angular, with about 5 to 10 sessile flowers. Buds oblong- clavate or almost ovoid. Calyx-tube turbinate, usually about 3 lines diameter, and rather more in length. Operculum thick, very obtuse, and about as long as the calyx-tube, or rather longer and obtusely conical. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, all perfect ; anthers with divergent cells, confluent at the apex. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit depressed-globose, 4 to 5 lines diameter, the broad rim convex and often very prominent, the valves of the capsule usually protruding beyond it. — DC. Prod. iii. 218 ; E. piperita, Sm. in White’s Voy. 226, with a fig. of leaves and fruit, but not the one described in Trans. Linn. Soc.; E. piperita, Reichb. Ic. et Descr. PI. t. 42 (from the figure and description).
Hab.: A growing branchlet without fruit, received from Rockingham Bay. Baron Mueller considered might belong to this species.
The young seedlings, Mueller says, have glandular hairs in tufts, and the leaves at first opposite.
4. E. eugenioides (resembing a Eugenia), Sieb. PI. Exs. n. 479 ; Benth. El. Austr. iii. 208 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 10. White Stringybark. Stringybark of Nerang. A tree, sometimes tall, with a fibrous persistent bark. Leaves lanceolate, falcate, or at times ovate, veins rather distant, and the intramarginal one distant from the edge ; oil-dots copious. Peduncles axillary or lateral, bearing an umbel of from 4 to 20 flowers, or occasionally forming a panicle, somewhat angular. Operculum hemispherical or conical. Stamens all fertile ; anthers reniform to cordate, opening by divergent slits. Stigma not broader than the summit of the style. Fruit rather small, truncate-globose, 3 to 4 or rarely 5-celled.
Hab : Common in southern localities ; Herberton.
The young adventitious shoots from the trunk and young plants are rough with glandular hairs ; valves not at all or only slightly exserted ; seeds angular.
In Mueller’s Eucalyptographia two plates of this species are given, the one in Dec. 10 a tall erect tree, plentiful about Nerang Creek ; the other, in Dec. 3 under the name of K. piperita, Sm., represents the form met with near Brisbane, and has larger leaves and fruit.
Gum contains 65% of tannin. — Lauterer.
Wood of a brownish or pinkish colour, hard and tough ; used for house-building, fencing-rails, Ac. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 177a.
5. E. piperita (Peppermint-scented) Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 286 (partly); Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 207 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 3. A tree attaining a considerable height, with a persistent fibrous bark at least on the trunk. Leaves from ovate- lanceolate and very oblique to lanceolate and nearly straight, rarely above lin. long, rather thick and rigid, the veins very oblique. Peduncles axillary or lateral, usually slightly angular, bearing each about 6 to 12 flowers on short thick pedicels. Buds ovoid, acuminate, very narrow when young. Calyx- tube about 2 lines long and almost as much diameter. Operculum conical or acuminate, rarely very obtuse, about as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens all perfect, about 2 lines long; anther cells diverging or divaricate, usually confluent at the apex. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obovoid-globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, always contracted at the orifice, the rim concave or rarely nearly flat, the capsule sunk, the very small valves not at all or scarcely protruding.-^— E. acenmla, Sieb. in DC. Prod. iii. 217 ; F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 64.
Hab.: There is some doubt as to whether the normal form of this species has been met with in Queensland. Some years ago, however, I gathered a specimen off a tree at Highfields, which Baron Mueller at the time considered the normal form, and now I have none of the specimens to refer to,
(514
LI. MYRTACEjE.
r Eucalyptus,
G. E. acmenioides (Acmena-like), ./. C. Schemer. Walp. Rep. F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 10 ; Iienth. FI. Austr. iii. 208. Broad-leaved Stringy-bark of Nerang. “ Joora, Brisbane, Petrie. A small or in some localities large tree, with persistent fibrous bark ; branchlets angular. Leaves glabrous, scattered, lanceolate, large and broadly-ovate on the shoots from old stumps, pale on the under side, the intramarginal vein some distance from the edge, oil dots numerous. Peduncles slightly flattened, or nearly terete, mostly axillary and solitary, bearing from 4 to IB rather small flowers, pedicels slender and short. Oper- culum hemispherical, pointed at the summit. Stamens all fertile, except some of the outermost ; inflexed before expansion. Anthers reniform, cells divergent. Stigma not dilated. Fruit semiovate, not large nor angular, B, 4 or 5-celled, rim thin, valves slightly exserted. Seeds angular. — F. triantlws, F. v. M. Cen. Austr. PI.
Hab.: Many southern localities; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy : summit of Mount Archer, A. Thozet.
Gum contains fi5% of tannin ; metarabin, 7%. — Lauterer.
Wood of a grey colour, close in grain, hard and durable; used in house-building. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 178.
7. E. pilularis (fruit globular), 8m. in Trans. Linn. Sac. iii. 284 ; B tenth. FI. A ustr. iii. 208 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 3. Blackbutt. “ Tcheergun ” and “ Toi,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A moderate-sized or large tree, with a dark- coloured rough and somewhat furrowed persistent bark, or falling off the upper parts in long strips. Leaves mostly lanceolate, falcate or nearly straight, acumi- nate, 3 to 6in. long, rather thick and smooth, the veins rather oblique, but much less so and more numerous and parallel than in F. piperita ; they are also finer and often scarcely conspicuous or slightly impressed on the upper side. Leaves on young plants opposite, sessile and narrow-lanceolate (F. r. M.) Peduncles axillary or lateral, or the upper ones forming more or less of a terminal panicle distinctly flattened in the typical form, bearing each about 6 to 12 flowers, the pedicels often thick and angular, but sometimes rather long and more slender. Buds acuminate. Calyx-tube about 2 lines long and as much in diameter. Operculum conical or acuminate, longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens 2 to B lines long, all perfect, inflected in the bud ; anthers reniform or broad, the cells diverging or divaricate, confluent at the apex. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit semi- globose or subglobose, truncate, 4 to 5 lines diameter, straight or slightly con- tracted at the orifice, the rim rather broad, flat or slightly convex or concave, the capsule somewhat sunk or nearly level, the valves usually horizontal. — F. persici- fulia, DC. Prod. iii. 217, and F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 61 (in part only), not of Lodd;
E. semicorticata, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 86 ; E. ornata and E. incrassata, Sieb. PI. Exs.
Hab.: Many southern localities.
Gum contains 65% of tannin. — Lauterer.
Wood of a light-grey colour, hard, tough and durable; used for house-building, fencing, and other purposes where strength and durability are required. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 179.
8. E. leucoxylon (from White Gum, the local name in South Australia),
F. v. M in Trans. Viet. Inst. i. 33, Frayni. ii. 60, and Eucalypt. Dec. 1 ; Ben tit.
FI. Austr. iii. 209. A middle-sized or tall tree, with a persistent rough
dark iron-grey bark (F'. v. M.), dark grey and spongy on the trunk, soft and
white on the branches (Oldfield). Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, often falcate, mostly 3 to 6in. long, thicker and more coriaceous than in E. melliodora, the veins very oblique and irregular, sometimes scarcely conspicuous, the intra- marginal one usually more prominent, not far from the edge, except when the leaf is broad. Oil-dots copious. Peduncles axillary, terete or slightly
flattened, with 3 or sometimes 4 to 5, rarely 6 to 11, the umbels occasionally
slightly paniculate, rather large flowers, on pedicels often as long as or longer
Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
615
than the calyx-tube. Buds ovoid, acuminate. Calyx-tube turbinate, usually about 3 lines long and as much in diameter, but sometimes longer. Operculum conical or acuminate, about as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens usually very unequal, red or white, the outer ones often fin. long or more, and usually anantherous, the inner much shorter ; filaments pale yellow, rarely pink, rather thick and somewhat glandular ; anthers very small, truncate, with contiguous cells opening in terminal pores or short oblong slits, sometimes at length con- fluent. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit 4 to 7-celled, obovoid or subglobular, truncate, not contracted at the orifice, 3 or sometimes 4 lines diameter, the rim thick, flat, or slightly convex, the capsule slightly depressed. — Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 126 ; E. sideroxylon, A. Cunn. in Mitch. Trop. Aust. 339 (name only).
Hab.; Inland southern localities.
9. E. melliodora (honey-scented), A. Cunn. Herb.; Sch.au. in Walp. I!ep. ii. 924; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 210; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 2. A moderate-sized tree of irregular growth, with a smooth bark of a pale lead colour (A. Cunniny- ham), scaling off in flakes in the upper part of the tree (C. Moore J, furrowed and persistent (F. v. Mueller). Leaves lanceolate, usually narrow, acuminate and often falcate, mostly 3 to 4in. long, rather thick, with very fine and rather numerous but oblique veins, the intramarginal one at a distance from the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, somewhat angular but not thick, usually short, each with an umbel of 4 to 8 rather small flowers on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Calyx- tube campanulate, about 2 lines long and diameter. Operculum hemispherical or shortly conical, with a small point, varying from a little shorter to rather longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 2 lines long, the outer ones rather longer and anantherous, anthers of the others small, with contiguous cells opening in terminal pores, sometimes at length confluent. Ovary short, flat- topped ; stigma dilated. Capsule subglobose, truncate, not contracted at the orifice, or rarely ovoid and somewhat contracted; the rim rather broad, flat or nearly so, the capsule more or less depressed, but the valves sometimes prominent when open. — F. patentiflora, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 125.
Hab.: South-western inland localities.
10. H. gracilis (slender), F. v. M in Tram. Viet. Inst. i. 35, and Fraym. ii. 55 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 211 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Bee. 3, and Brown's Forest FI. of S.A. A tall shrub or small tree, with a silvery-grey smooth bark ( Beckler ). Leaves narrow-lanceolate or oblong-linear, mostly mucronate, and under 3in. long, thick and densely dotted, the numerous very oblique veins scarcely visible. Peduncles short, axillary or the upper ones in a short terminal panicle, terete or slightly angular, each with about 4 to 8 rather small flowers. Calyx-tube obconical, usually rather narrow and prominently 4-angled, about 2 lines long, tapering into a very short pedicel, or almost sessile. Operculum shorter than the calyx-tube, hemispherical conical or shortly acuminate. Stamens inflected and flexuose, the outer ones anantherous and nearly 3 lines long, the perfect ones shorter ; anthers small, globular, the cells distinct, opening in circular or oblong pores. Ovary short. Fruit oblong or narrow-urceolate, about 3 lines long, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. — Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Ai-ch. iv. 124 ; E. fruticetorum, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 57 (partly). — Benth.
Hab.: Southern inland localities.
Wood hard, heavy, and close in the grain, of a yellowish-grey colour, tough and durable. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 180a.
Var. Thozetii. This differs from the normal form in its longer leaves, narrow-ellipsoid flower- buds, smaller less angular calyxes, and smaller narrower fruit, and forms a tree of 00ft, Hab.: Expedition Range. K. Bowman and B. (Diliancsy (F. v. M. Eucalyptog.)
Paht II. II
LT. MYRTACEjE.
[Eucalyptus.
GIG
11. 22. paniculata (flowers in panicles), Sin. in Trans. I. inn. Sac. iii. 287;
Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 211; F. r. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 5. A large shrub or small or moderate-sized tree with a rough bark. Leaves lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, usually rather broad, 8 to 5in. long, coriaceous and smooth with numerous fine but oblique veins usually concealed in the thick texture. Peduncles short, angular, usually in a short terminal corymbose panicle or a few solitary in the upper axils, each with about 8 to 6 or sometimes more flowers. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 2 to 3 lines diameter, often angular, tapering into a short pedicel. Operculum from obtuse and short to conical and as long as the calyx- tube. Stamens 2 to 8 lines long or sometimes more, inflected in the bud, the outer ones anantherous, anthers of the perfect ones small, at first truncate, the cells opening in terminal pores or at length spreading out, divaricate and confluent. Stigma dilated. Ovary short, flat-topped. Fruit 3 to 4 rarely
5-celled, from subglobose to obovoid-oblong, truncate, and often slightly con- tracted at the orifice, varying from 2 to 4 lines diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule more or less sunk. Valves not exserted. Testa of seeds reticulate. — DC. Prod. iii. 220; F. tcrminalis, Sieb. PI. Exs.
Hab.: In southern inland localities.
When large, the flowers almost assume the aspect of the smaller forms of E. corymbosa. — Bentli.
12. E. hnemastoma (orifice of fruit red), Sw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 285 ;
Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 212 ; F. v. M . Fucalypt. Dec. 2. Scribbly Gum.
“ Curgura,” Brisbane, Pettigrew. A large timber tree with a smooth deciduous bark, leaving a spotted or variegated trunk < F. v. Mueller) or the bark sometimes smooth and sometimes half-barked, like Blackbutt (Woolls). Leaves usually oblique or falcate, lanceolate, about 4 to Gin. long, thickly coriaceous, the veins very oblique not close and often anastomosing, the lower ones sometimes broader and more reticulate. Peduncles more or less angular or compressed, axillary, lateral or a few in a short terminal oblong panicle, each with about 4 to 8 flowers. Buds clavate. Calyx short and broad, scarcely 2 lines diameter, shortly tapering into a rather long, thick or rather slender pedicel. Operculum very short, hemispherical, obtuse. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected, the outer ones longer and anantherous ; anthers of the perfect ones small, the cells opening in short oblong divergent at length confluent slits. Fruit globular-truncate or pear-shaped, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim broad, flat or nearly so, usually deeply coloured ; the capsule slightly depressed, the valves often protruding when open but very soon falling away. — DC. Prod. iii. 219 ; F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 51 ; F. signata, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 85 ; F. falcifolia, n. 22 and 23, from N. S. Wales, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 137.
Hab.: Wide Bay, C. Moore; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller; common in southern localities on poor, damp soil.
Gum contains 66 3% of tannic acid. — Lauterer.
Wood of a grey or reddish colour ; not durable if exposed .—Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No 181.
Yield of oil from fresh foliage, 33|oz. per cwt. — Staiger.
Yar. micrantha. Leaves often 6 to 8in. long or even more, the veins less conspicuous. Flowers and fruit much smaller, but not otherwise different. — E. micrantha, DC. Prod. iii. 217, and Mem. Myrt. t. 5.
13. E. microcorys (small operculum), F. v. M. Frayin', ii. 50 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 212 ; F. v. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 2. Tallow-wood. “Tee,” Maroocliie. A tall tree with a reddish persistent furrowed fibrous bark. Leaves mostly ovate- lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, acuminate, straight or very unequal at the base, about 3 to 4in. long, not very thick, the veins very divergent and fine but prominent and not close. Oil-dots copious. Peduncles axillary or in short terminal corymbs, terete or somewhat angular, compressed, \ to lin. long, each with about 4 to 8 flowers. Buds clavate, short but tapering into thick pedicels of 2 to 3 lines. Calyx-tube short, with the free part much dilated, about 2 lines
E ucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
017
diameter. Operculum membranous, much shorter than the calyx, broad, Hat, very obtuse or slightly umbonate. Stamens inflected in the bud, the outer ones about 3 lines long, anantherous or with small abortive anthers, the inner ones much shorter and perfect ; anthers small with diverging at length confluent cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obovoid-oblong, contracted at the orifice, tapering at ^he base, about 3 lines long and scarcely 2 lines diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule sunk, 3 to 4-celled. Seeds angular.
Hab.: Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; Sandy-mount Range, towards Brisbane, Leichhardt; Cleveland Bay, W. Hill (F. v. M.)
Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, very tough and durable ; used for ship and house building purposes, also by the wheelwright for naves, felloes, and spokes. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 182.
Yield of oil from fresh foliage, 18foz. per cwt. — Staiger.
14. E. pruinosa (frosty foliage), Schau. in. Walp. Rep. ii. 926 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 213; F. v. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 8. “ Kullingal,” Cloncurry, Palmer.
A tree with a persistent whitish-grey rough and fissured bark ( F. c. Mueller t , the foliage often glaucous or mealy-white. Leaves sessile, opposite or nearly so, very rigid, orbicular-cordate, ovate or oblong, obtuse or rarely almost acute, mostly 2 to 4in. long. Umbels 3 to 6-flowered, on short peduncles in a terminal corymb or rarely in the upper axils. Pedicels terete, nearly or quite as long as the calyx- tube. Calyx-tube 2 to 3 lines diameter, not angled, more or less tapering into the pedicel. Operculum hemispherical or shortly conical, more or less acuminate, rarely as long as the calyx. Stamens 2 to nearly 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and globular, with distinct parallel cells, opening in very short slits or circular pores. Ovary slightly convex in the centre. Fruit from ovoid-truncate to almost cylindrical, 3 to 5 lines diameter, scarcely or not at all contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule slightly sunk, the valves 4, rarely 3 or 5, short, sometimes protruding. Testa of seeds netted, mostly broad and short. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 132; E. spodophylla , F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 71.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; Ravenswood, Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods.
Like many other species, this varies with the young branches acutely 4-angled, almost winged, or even on the same specimen quite terete, and very much in the size of the flowers and the fruit. — Bentli.
The inside bark is stripped, wound round the chest and body very tightly, and damped with water, for pains, rheumatism, &c., the sufferer sitting down in water at the same time. — Palmer.
15. E. polyanthemos (flowers numerous), Schau. in Walp. Rep. ii. 924 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 213 ; F. v. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 3. A tree sometimes small, sometimes attaining 250ft. (F. v. Mueller, in Victoria), with an ash-grey persistent rough and slightly furrowed grey bark, unless in the upper ramifications {F. v. Mueller). Leaves scattered, on rather long petioles, not glossy, broadly ovate-orbicular or rhomboidal, obtuse or rarely shortly acuminate, mostly under 3in. long, passing in older trees into ovate-lanceolate obtuse and 3in. long or more, rather rigid with fine diverging anastomosing veins, the intramarginal ones distant from the edge ; oil-dots copious. Umbels of 3 to 6 small flowers, shortly pedunculate and usually several together in short oblong or corymbose panicles in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches. Pedicels rarely longer than the calyx-tube and sometimes very short. Calyx-tube truncate-ovate, twice or three times as long and broader than the depressed cr pyramidal-hemispherical faintly pointed operculum. Stamens much indexed in the bud, 1 to 2 lines long, the outer ones anantherous ; anthers small, with globular distinct cells, opening in
018
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Eucalyptus.
round pores. Stigma somewhat dilated. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit rather small, semiovate, with a narrow compressed fragile occasionally somewhat indented margin, 8 to 4 or rarely 5-celled, valves not exserted, very short. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Southern parts.
I have no sample of the wood, but it is described by F. v. Mueller l.c. as very durable, and of a reddish tinge, close-grained, hard and tough. The large trees are said to be frequently pipey. The wood is used in the southern colonies for naves and felloes.
16. E. populifolia (Poplar-leaved), llook. 1c. El. t,. 879 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 8. Poplar Box. “ Mullet,” St. George, Wedd. Usually a small tree, with wrinkled somewhat fissured persistent hark on trunk and branches, the foliage dense and glossy. Branchlets slender. Leaves 2 to 4in. long, scattered, orbicular- ovate or roundish, very glossy and deep green on both sides, occasionally verging into an oval-lanceolate form ; veins very spreading, not crowded, the intramarginal one distant from the edge ; oil-dots copious. Petioles usually long. Umbels paniculate, mostly terminal, some lower ones singly in the axils of the leaves. Flowers in each umbel from 8 or 4 to 14, small, very shortly pedicellate. Calyx- tube almost semiovate, slightly longer than the nearly hemispherical operculum. Stamens much inflected in the bud, all fertile. Anthers roundish-ovate, opening below the summit by pores or abbreviated slits. Style very short, stigma some- what dilated. Fruit very small, semiovate, 4-celled or sometimes 8 or 5-celled; valves very short, situated close beneath the rim. Seeds minute. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Met with generally inland from the southern border to the Burdekin River, and islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Wood of a grey or light-brown colour, very tough and strong, hard to work, but is a handsome wood when polished ; used in house-building, dray-poles, and ship-building. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 183.
F. v. Mueller, Eucalypt. Dec. 3, says that the variety parviflora of E. bicolor, mentioned in FI. Austr. iii. 215, belongs to this species. Hab : Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller.
17. E. ochrophloia (yellow bark), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 36. Yellow Jacket. “ Yapunyah,” Bulloo River, J. F. Bailey. A tree usually about 40 or 50ft. high, with a rather thick spongy brownish-yellow bark; branchlets slightly angular. Leaves thick, glossy on both sides, oblong-lanceolate or falcate, 4 to 6in. long and A to lin. broad, somewhat unequal at the base, lateral nerves some- what patent, the intramarginal distant from the edge, oil-dots copious. Umbels axillary, solitary or crowded in corymbs. Calyx-tube with pedicel about lin. long. Operculum acutely conical, abouc 3 lines long. Stamens indexed in the bud, the outer ones without anthers. Anthers cordate or reniform, often truncate, slits irregular. Style shorter than the stamens, stigma not thicker than the style. Fruit clavate-ovate, about ^in. long and scarcely over 3 lines thick, not angular, 3 rarely 4-valved, margins of the orifice thin, taller than the valves. Seeds scarcely A line long.
Hab.: Paroo, Cunnamulla, and other inland localities.
Wood of a brownish colour, hard, heavy, and close-grained. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 180.
18. E. bicolor (two-coloured), A. Cunn. Herb.; Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 390; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 214. A large shrub or sometimes a tree of 30 to 40ft., with a persistent ash-grey or blackish bark (F. v. Mueller, A. Cunningham / , or a tall tree with a smooth white bark (Hallachy ) . Leaves lanceolate, narrow or rarely passing into ovate-lanceolate, mostly 3 to 4in. but sometimes 5 or 6in. long, not very thick, often glaucous or pale coloured, the veins fine, oblique, not close, the marginal one at a distance from the edge and sometimes very prominent towards the base of the leaf. Flowers small, about 3 to 8 together on short peduncles, the umbels forming usually axillary or terminal panicles shorter than the leaves. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate, nearly 1A line long. Operculum rather thin, hemispherical, obtuse or umbonate, shorter
Eucalyptus.] Ll. MYRTACE.33. 619
than the calyx-tube. Stamens 1 to 2 lines long, all perfect or occasionally a few of the outer ones without anthers ; anthers small, with 2 small globular cells opening in round pores or short oblong slits. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit globular- truncate or pear-shaped, about 2 lines diameter or rarely nearly 3, contracted at the orifice, the rim rather broad, flat or depressed ; the capsule somewhat depressed. — F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 90 : E. pendula, A. Cunn. in Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2; E. largiflorens, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. i. 34 and Fragm.
ii. 58 ; E. hmnastoma, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 130, as to the Murray specimens, not of Sm.
Hab.: Maranoa, Port Denison, Flinders and Gilbert Rivers.
F. v. Mueller says E. microthera differs from E. bicolor in its more numerous and very spreading leaf-veins, the intramarginal one being near the edge, also its anthers opening by slits not pores, and its prominently exserted capsule.
The southern and desert specimens have rather thicker leaves than those from Queensland, but I can find no other difference. In all there are occasionally 2 or 8 flowers on the specimen twice the size of the others, with the stamens elongated and anantherous, perhaps owing to some insect. The species differs from E. polyanthemos in its narrow leaves.
19. E. hemiphloia (half -barked), E. i\ M. Fragm. ii. G2 ; Benth. FI. Austr.
iii. 216 ; F. v. M. Eucalygt. Dec. 5. Gum-topped Box. ‘‘ Woorgun,” Nanango, Shirley. A tall tree, sometimes reduced to a shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, falcate or nearly straight, about 3 to 5in. long, thick and rigid, with very oblique distant veins, almost as in E. heemastoma, intramarginal vein distant from the edge. Oil-dots concealed. Peduncles slightly angular, about 4 to 8-flowered, the umbels mostly forming short terminal panicles, although the fruiting ones are usually lateral below the leaves. Calyx-tube 2 to 2^ lines long and scarcely so much in diameter, tapering into a short thick pedicel or almost sessile. Operculum conical, acuminate, as long as the calyx-tube or rarely shorter and more obtuse. Stamens pale-coloured, about 2 lines long or rather more, all perfect, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small, globular, the cells distinct, but opening in pores rather than in slits. Stigma slightly broader than the style. Ovary often angular, rather deep, slightly conical or convex in the centre. Fruit ovoid-oblong, about 3 to 4 lines long, truncate and slightly con- tracted at the orifice, very smooth, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk.
Hab.: Moreton Bay to Main Range ; Herbert’s Creek, E. Bow.nan ; the Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Mackenzie River, V. O’Shanesy ; Tambo, &c.
This species has the foliage of E. luemastoma, but the anthers and fruit are quite different. In Brown’s S. Australian specimens the leaves are smaller, but in Wilhelmi’s they are the same as in the northern ones, and I can find no character to distinguish them. Both R. Brown and F. v. Mueller had given them the MS. name of E. purpurascens. — Benth.
Wood of a yellowish-grey colour, very tough and elastic. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. 1 Foods No. 184.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 12oz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
Var. (?) parvitlora. Flowers considerably smaller, Mount Elliott, “ Ironbark,” Fitzalan. Specimens in Leichhardt’s collection, marked “ Box,” from the range behind the Condamine, appear to be the same with rather longer very angular flowers. — Benth.
20. E. Bowmani (after E. Bowman), F. r. M. Herb.; Benth. El. Austr. iii. 219. Stature and bark unknown. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, mostly 4 to Gin. long, straight or falcate, obtuse or acuminate, rigid, with oblique veins, the marginal one at a distance from the edge, not glaucous. Peduncles axillary or lateral, more or less flattened, bearing 4 to 8 rather large flowers. Buds obtuse, tapering into a short very thick pedicel or nearly sessile. Calyx- tube obovoid or turbinate, thick, about 2 lines long and as much diameter. Operculum thick, obtuse, longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long,
620
Li. MYRTACEJE.
[Eucalyptus.
the filaments slender, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and globular', but with distinct parallel cells, opening longitudinally. Ovary conical in the centre. Fruit unknown.
Hab.: Bowman (Benth. l.c.) without locality.
I have some hesitation in describing the species without having seen the fruit, but it appears quite distinct from any other one known to me. — Benth.
In his later writings, Baron Mueller merges E. Bowmani in E. siderophloia (see Eucalypt. Dec. 4), from which he says thfit it chiefly differs in the leaves being less shining and in the peduncles being broadly compressed, more sessile flowers with shorter operculums, and more twisted filaments. The bark and fruit still remains unknown.
21. 22. Clceziana (after Professor Clcez), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 44. A tree of about 80ft. in height with a dark fissured bark on the trunk, the branchlets slightly angular. Leaves chartaceous, ovate to elongate-lanceolate, 3 to 5in. long, f to If in. broad, deep-green on the upper, lighter on the under side, the primary lateral nerves joining the intramarginal one some distance from the edge of the leaf ; petioles slender, 4 to 8 lines long. Panicles lateral or terminal, much branched. Peduncles moderately stout, rather short. Pedicels somewhat thick, under the flowers, about If line long, unopen flower-bud globose-ovate, 2 lines long. Operculum depressed-hemispherical, stamens all fertile, indexed in the bud. Filaments very thin, capillary, white, about 4 lines long. Anthers * line, almost globose, slits longitudinal. Style about 2 lines long ; stigma not dilated. Young fruit semiglobose-turbinate 3 to 4-celled, not angular. Seeds not winged.
Hab.: Ranges about Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.)
22. E. Howittiana (after A. W. Howitt), F. v. M. Wing's Southern Sci. Bee. ii. 171. and Eucalypt. Dec. 9. A tree attaining the height of about 100ft. and trunk diameter of 4ft., bark somewhat stringy. Branchlets angular. Leaves from ovate to elongate-lanceolate, 2 to 5in. long, f to lfin. broad, slightly curved, dark-green above, much paler beneath. The lateral nerves numerous, intra- marginal one near the edge ; petioles f to lin. long. Panicles If to Gin. long, axillary and terminal, their ultimate branches short, angular, bearing generally from 3 to 6 sessile flowers. Calyx-tube angular, very small, semiovate or semi- elliptical. Operculum almost membranous, about 2 lines long, acutely conical. Stamens all fertile ; filaments in the bud bent inwards towards the summit, nearly white. Anthers minute, cordate or reniform-globose, opening by longi- tudinal slits, their gland inconspicuous, cells ellipsoid, parallel, slits marginal. Style very thin, extending considerably beyond the calyx-tube. Fruit very small, ovate-globular, smooth and shining, hardly exceeding 2 lines long, truncate and narrow at the margin, 3 to 4-valved. Seeds very small, not winged.
Hab.: Lake Lucy, Rockingham Bay, J. Dallacliy; Herbert River and Glendhu, B. R. Stafford (F. v. M.)
23. 22. siderophloia (Ironbark), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 220 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 4. Black Ironbark. “Wooroola,” Bundaberg, Keys ; “ Biggar,” Brisbane, T. Petrie. A tall tree, with a hard, persistent, rough, blackish, thick, deeply furrowed bark. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, much acuminate, straight or more frequently falcate, about 3 to Gin. long, often rather thick, with numerous fine diverging veins, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or in terminal corymbose panicles, more or less angular, each with about 6 to 12 flowers, on distinct angular pedicels. Calyx-tube shortly turbinate, about 2 lines diameter. Operculum conical or acuminate, rather longer than the calyx-tube in the ordinary form. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, all perfect, outer filaments not inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and nearly globular, the cells very short, opening at first in oblong slits, extending at length to the base or sometimes almost confluent. Stigma not or hardly broader than the style. Ovary convex or conical in the centre. Fruit globular-truncate or
E ucalyptus .]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
621
obovoid, 8 to 4 lines diameter, not at all or scarcely contracted as the orifice, the rim slightly prominent, the capsule not much or sometimes scarcely sunk, the valves, 4 or sometimes 5, often protruding. — E. persicifolia, DC. Prod. iii. 217, and F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 61 (in part only), not of Lodd.
Hab.: Common in the southern portions of the colony.
Gum contains 42-4% of arabin and 28#5% of tannic acid. — Lauterer.
Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, hard, heavy and very durable; useful for the large beams in buildings, railway sleepers, and other work where strength and durability are required. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 185.
Var. rostrata , FI. Austr. iii. 220. Large-leaved Ironbark. A large tree, the bark black and thick, deeply furrowed, but still separable into layers. Leaves very large, often from 2 to 6 inches wide on young trees. Operculum exceeding iin. in length. Capsule valves very promi- nent. Hab.: About Taylor’s Kange, near Brisbane. — Wood red, close in grain, considered the best of all the Ironbarks for building purposes ; it is very hard and heavy, or otherwise might do for cabinet work. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 185a.
This species is evidently allied to E. crebra and other Ironbarks. When the operculum is short, specimens in bud only are much like those of the Blackbutt, E. pilularis, with which they appear to have been confounded both by De Candolle and F. v. Mueller, although distinguished by all collectors ; when the flowers are open the anthers give a ready character, -and the venation of the leaves is somewhat different. The rostrate variety, when in young bud, resembles E. resinifera , and even E. tereticornis , but the venation, and still more the anthers, distinguish it. — Benth.
E. fibrosa, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 87, from the Brisbane, is only known from speci- mens in young bud, in which state I am unable to distinguish them from the var. rostrata of E. siderophloia. F. v. Mueller, however, designates it as a Stringybark. It may therefore prove to be distinct. —Bentli.
F. v. M., Eucalypt. Dec. 4, states his E. fibrosa to be only the variety rostrata.
24. E. melanophloia (black bark), F. V. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 98 ;
Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 220. “ Oombah,” St. George, Wedcl; “ Gaygar,” Nanango,
Shirley. A small often crookecl-stemmed spreading-headed tree, with a blackish persistent deeply furrowed bark, the foliage more or less glaucous or mealy-white. Leaves sessile, opposite, from cordate-ovate or orbicular to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute. Peduncles short, terete or nearly so, 3 to 6-flowered, axillary or several in a short terminal corymb. Buds tapering into a pedicel shorter than the calyx-tube or almost sessile. Calyx-tube slightly angular, about 2 lines long or rather more, and as much in diameter. Operculum obtusely conical, shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and globular, but the cells parallel and distinct. Fruit pear-shaped or globular-truncate, 2 to nearly 3 lines diameter, more or less contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule nearly on a level with it, and the valves slightly protruding, or more sunk with the valves included.
Hab.: Dawson, Gilbert and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Moreton Bay, “Silver-leaved Ironbark,” C. Moore ; summit of the Leichhardt Range, Bowman.
Wood towards the outside greyish, the centre red ; close in grain, and hard. — Bailey's Cat. QL Woods No. 186.
25. 32. drepanophylla (sickle-shaped leaves), F. r. M.: Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 221. A tree, usually low and stunted, the bark dark-grey and ribbed (Dallachy). Leaves long-lanceolate, often exceeding 6in. and usually falcate, acuminate, with numerous fine parallel and very diverging veins, often scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal one close to or very near the edge. Umbels 3 to 6-fiowered, usually 3 or 4 together in short axillary or terminal panicles or the lower ones solitary, the peduncles short and terete or nearly so. Calyx-tube obconical, nearly 2 lines long, tapering into a short thick pedicel. Operculum conical or obtuse, usually about as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens about 2 lines long, inflected in the bud; anthers very small, nearly globular, with distinct
622
LI. MYRTACE.#].
[Eucalyptus.
parallel cells. Fruit subglobose-truncate, about 4 lines diameter, slightly con- tracted at the orifice, the rim rather thin, the capsule somewhat sunk, but convex, so that the valves often slightly protrude.
Hab : Palmer River, T. Gulliver (F. v. M.) ; Cape Sidmouth, C. Moore (F. v. M). ; Trinity Bay, If. Hill (F. v. M.) ; E. coast, A . Cunningham ; Keppel Bay and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Burdekin Expedition, Fitzalan ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy; Bowen River, Bowman.
The species differs from E. crebra chiefly in the large flowers and in the larger, harder, and more globular fruit. From E. leptoplileba it is chiefly distinguished by the leaves not so thick with more oblique veins. — Benth.
26. E. leptophleba (slender-veined), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 86; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 221. A moderate-sized or large tree with a rather wrinkled dark persistent rugged bark, breaking up into numerous small angular pieces in the manner of E. tesselaris ; differing but slightly from E. crebra, in the leaves rather thicker and broader, and in the fruits much larger, attaining 4 lines diameter or rather more.
Hab.: Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Comet River, F. O'Shanesy (F. v. M.)
27. E. crebra (frequent), F. v. M. in. Journ. Linn. Soc iii. 87 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 221. Narrow-leaved Ironbark. “ Tandoor,” Brisbane, T. Petrie ; “ Bie,” Nanango, Shirley. A small, middle-sized or sometimes a large tree, with a hard greyish rough persistent bark. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, straight or more frequently falcate, obtuse, mucronate-acute or acuminate, attaining 4 to 6in. long, rather thick and glaucous or yellowish when dry in the northern specimens, thinner in the subtropical ones, with numerous very diverging fine parallel veins, the intramarginal one very near or close to the edge. Peduncles short, terete or nearly so, each with about 8 to 6 small flowers on short but distinct pedicels ; umbels usually 8 or 4 together in short panicles either terminal or axillary, or rarely the lower ones solitary in the axils. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1 line diameter. Operculum conical or hemispherical, about as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens 1 to 2 lines long, all perfect, inflected in the bud ; anthers very small and globular, like those of the P or anther ae, but the cells distinct and opening longitudinally to the base. Ovary flat-topped or slightly convex in the centre. Fruit obovoid- truncate, not 2 lines in diameter, somewhat contracted at the orifice and often shortly attenuate at the base, the rim narrow, the capsule more or less sunk, but the tips of the valves often protruding when open . — Metrosideros salici- folia, 2, Soland. in Gaertn. Fruct. i. 171 t. 84.
Hab.: Between the Flinders and Lynd Rivers, Gulf of Carpentaria, “ Ironbark Tree,” F. v. Mueller , including the fruiting specimens of E. parviflora, F. v. M., referred to in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 90 ; from the Burdekin to Moreton Bay, often forming large forests, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Dallachy — all under the name of “ Ironbark.”
In flower, this species, especially in the thicker-leaved specimens, is sometimes difficult to distinguish from E. brachypoda ; the leaves are generally but not always thinner with more oblique veins, and the flowers not so glaucous with the calyx less open ; the fruit is, however, very differently shaped. — Benth.
Gum contains 30% of tannin and 42% of arabin. — Lauterer.
Wood white near the bark, all the rest of a pinkish-grey ; close-grained, very tough and durable. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 187.
28. E. Staigeriana (after K. T. Staiger), F. v. M ., inedit. Syn. Ql. Flora, 176. Lemon-scented Ironbark. A small tree with a dark rugged irregularly fissured bark and glaucous foliage. Leaves obovate to blunt-lanceolate, 2 to 5in. long, £ to 2in broad ; texture thick, lateral nerves erecto-patent, rather close with intermediate anastomosing transverse veins, all very slender and obscure from the thickness of the leaf, the intramarginal one very near the edge. Oil-dots copious. Petioles i to lin. long. Peduncles lateral or axillary, bearing each from 3 to 6 flowers, often forming terminal panicles. Operculum conical. Calyx-tube about
Pl.XXZ
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Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
623
1 line diameter. Stamens 1 to 2 lines long, indexed in the bud. Anthers globular. Fruit about 2 lines diameter and slightly longer, tapering to a pedicel which is a little longer. Seeds lenticular.
Hab.: Palmer River, P. F. Sellheim.
The foliage and twigs of this tree have the fragrance of Lemons, and yield by distillation about 64£oz. from a cwt. of. the dry leaves. — Staiger.
The wood is a rich red, very hard and durable ; the stems, however, are frequently pipey. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 188.
29. E. Raveretiana (after Dr. M. C. Raveret-Wattel), V. v. M. Fraym. x. 99 and Kucalypt. Dec. 1. Thozet’s Box or Iron-gum Tree. A tall erect tree, said to attain the height of 300ft., trunk 3 or 4ft. in diameter; bark dark, scaly, persistent except on the upper branches, branchlets angular. Leaves chartaceous, ovate to elongate-lanceolate, slightly falcate, 3 to 5in. long, § to l^in. broad, almost equal-sided at the base, oil-dots copious, pale on the under side ; veins fine and somewhat distant, the intramai’ginal one near the edge. Petiole rather long. Panicles axillary and terminal, 1 to 3in. long, few or many small flowers in each umbel. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Operculum acutely conical, longer than the calyx-tube. Filaments white, 14 line long, all fertile. Anthers renate-cordate, opening by longitudinal slits. Style rather long, stigma slightly dilated. Fruit scarcely exceeding 1 line broad, 3 or rarely 4-celled, the valves half-exserted. Seeds angular.
Hab.: Rockhampton, A. Tliozet and P. O'Shanesy ; the Dawson and Nercool Rivers, fs. Bowman ; near Port Denison, E. Fitzalan (F. v. M. l.c.)
Wood of a dark-drab colour, speckled with white lines ; close-grained, very hard, and tough ; valuable for building purposes, and would be useful for cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 189.
30. E. microtheca (small-fruited), F. v. M. in Joum. Linn. Noe. iii. 87, Eucalypt. Dec. 10. “Coolibar” of many parts; “ Jinbul ” or “Kurleah,” Cloncurry, Palmer; “ Moolar,” St. George, Wedd. A tree of about 80ft., the diameter said to attain 4ft., bark rough, ashy-grey, below mostly persistent but often deciduous in the upper parts, branchlets slender pendulous. Leaves narrow- lanceolate, often falcate, sometimes 9in. long, of a pale greyish-green on both sides, veins faint, the primary lateral ones close, intramarginal one near the edge. Oil-dots quite concealed. Umbels 3 to 8-flowered, mostly forming terminal panicles. Peduncles slender. Pedicels from very short to as long as the calyx- tube. Operculum semiovate, rather longer than the calyx. Stamens very short, all except some of the outer indexed in the bud. Anthers minute, roundish- ovate, opening by longitudinal slits. Stigma not broader than the style. Fruit small. Capsules 3 to 4-valved, about half-exserted. — Placed under E. brachypoda, Turcz in FI. Austr. iii. 223.
Hab.: Common in western inland localities.
Wood grey near the outside, the rest all of a deep-red colour ; useful in building and cabinet- work, although rather too hard for the latter purpose.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 190.
Small branches with their leaves are placed in water to poison fish. The inside bark is beaten up and used as a poultice, heated, for snake-bite. — Palmer.
31. E. miniata (vermilion), A. Cunn.; Schau. in Walp. Hep. ii. 925 ; Benth. H. Austr. iii. 228 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 6. A moderate-sized or large tree. The branchlets, flowers, and fruit when young covered with a whitish bloom ; the bark fibrous and persistent but readily separable in flakes (F. r. Mueller). Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, mostly 4 to Gin. long, the veins diverging and parallel but not very close, the intramarginal one very near the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, very thick and broad, more or less flattened, 4 to lin. long, with about 5 to 7 rather large closely sessile flowers. Calyx-tube thick, turbinate or almost urceolate, about 6 lines long, more or less prominently 8-angled. Operculum hemispherical, obtuse, thick, shorter than the calyx-tube.
624
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[. Eucalyptus .
Stamens richly coloured, nearly 4in. long, inflected in the bud ; anthers oblong with distinct parallel cells. Style nearly as long as the stamens; stigma not dilated. Ovary short, flat-topped. Fruit ovoid or urceolate, very thick and hard, more or less prominently ribbed, 1 to 2in. long, the rim rather thick, the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds oblong, 2 to 4 lines long. — E. aurantiaca, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 91.
Hab.: Lynd River, Leichhardt (F. v. M.) ; Walsh River, T. Barclay-Millar ; Palmer River, T. Gulliver. Flowering from May to August.
I may here remark that, although Baron Mueller states that seed of this species taken from his herbarium when 13 years old germinated, I found seed to have lost their germinating power when only two years old. The difference of the Queensland climate to that of Victoria may in a great measure account for this, for here seeds as a rule do not retain their germinating power long.
32. £. robusta (robust), Sin. in But. Nor. Holl. 40 t. 13, and in Trans. Linn.
Soc. iii. 283 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 228 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 7. “ Gnorpin,”
Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A moderate-sized tree, with a rough furrowed bark. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly straight or the upper ones narrower and falcate, 4 to 6in. long or sometimes more, with numerous fine but prominent parallel veins almost transverse, the intramarginal one very near or close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, stout, angular or flattened, often lin. long, each with about 4 to 12 rather large flowers, on thick angular pedicels. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate or slightly urceolate, 3 to 4 lines long, tapering into the pedicel. Operculum thick, obtusely acuminate, usually rather longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens 4 to 6 lines long, all fertile, indexed in the bud, somewhat raised above the calyx-border by the annular margin of the disk ; anthers ovoid-oblong, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary flat-topped or slightly conical in the centre. Fruit ovoid-oblong, truncate, smooth, contracted above the middle, about |4n. long or rather more, the rim thin and slightly prominent, the capsule much sunk, valves permanently or long coherent, rather narrow. Seeds small.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, Geo. Watkins ; Logan River, on swampy land.
Gum contains 29’5% of tannin and 41% of arabin. — Lauterer.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 7oz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
Wood of a deep-red colour, close-grained ; a useful building wood. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Hroods No. 190a.
33. E. botryoides (bunch-flowered), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 286 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. iii. 229 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 4 (also Dec. 6, under E. punctata, DC., scarcely differs). A tall handsome tree, with a rough furrowed persistent bark towards the base. White and smooth on the upper part of trunk and branches. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, straight or rarely falcate, 4 to 6in. long or sometimes more, with numerous fine very diverging parallel veins, the intramarginal one very near or close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, thick, angular or flat, bearing each about 4 to 10 rather large flowers, sessile or nearly so. Calyx-tube ovoid-turbinate, 2 to nearly
3 lines long. Operculum from very obtuse and much shorter than the calyx-tube to broadly conical and nearly as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens about 3 lines long, or rather more, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovoid-oblong, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary convex in the centre. Fruit slightly angled, obovoid-oblong,
4 to 5 lines long when fully ripe, somewhat contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule more or less sunk, flat or slightly convex in the centre, 3 to 5-celled, the valves not protruding. — DC. Prod. iii. 219 ; C. platypodos, Cav. Ic. iv. 23 t. 341.
Hab.: Brisbane; various southern localities, in mountain gullies and river flats (probably the largest tree of the Queensland species).
Wood of a red colour, close in grain, hard, tough and durable; useful in large buildings, wheelwright’s work, and in all work where large beams of hardwood are required. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 191.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, Goz. per cwt. - J. F. Bailey.
Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEJE.
625
34. 32. pallidifolia (leaves pale), F. v. M. Fragm-. iii. 131 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 236. A small tree with an ash-coloured smooth bark (F. v. Mueller). Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, very obtuse and rarely 3in. long, thick and smooth, the fine parallel very diverging veins scarcely visible, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, short, nearly terete, with 4 to 6 nearly sessile or shortly pedicellate flowers. Calyx-tube short, about 2 lines diameter. Operculum hemispherical or obtusely conical, shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 2 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obovoid-globose, 3 to 4 lines diameter, slightly contracted at the orifice, the rim broad, convex, and prominent, the capsule not sunk, the valves protruding and sometimes acuminate by the persis- tent split base of the style.
Hab.: Gulf country.
Wood yellow near the bark, the rest red ; hard, close-grained, and prettily mottled. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 190b.
35. E. pachyphylla (thick leaf), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 98 and Eucalypt. Dec. 1 ; Benth FI. Austr. iii. 237. A tall shrub. Branchlets robust, not very angular. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate, under 4in. long, very thick and smooth, the fine diverging parallel veins scarcely con- spicuous, intramarginal one distant from the edge. Peduncles very short, bearing several sessile or shortly pedicellate flowers. Calyx with 4 to 7 longitudinal angles. Operculum semiovate and acuminate, twice the length of the tube. Stamens yellow, inflected in the bud. Anthers nearly ovate, slits longitudinal. Style elongated, stigma not dilated. Fruiting umbels nearly sessile ; fruits on thick terete pedicels, nearly hemispherical, 4-ribbed, very hard and woody, f to lin. in diameter, the rim very broad and conically exserted, the capsule depressed below the rim, the valves scarcely protruding. Seeds broad and flat, bordered by a narrow wing.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. Mueller.
36. EL dealbata (whitened), A. Cunn. Schau. in IV alp. Hep. ii. 924 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 239. A small stunted tree, the foliage often glaucous-white, the bark rugose or separating in scales, leaving the inner bark white and smooth (C. Stuart). Leaves from ovate to ovate-lanceolate and under 4in. long or sometimes lanceolate and longer, obtuse or acute, the veins oblique and irregular, the intra marginal one at a distance from the edge, all usually conspicuous. Peduncles axillary or lateral, very short and scarcely flattened, bearing each 3 to 6 flowers on short pedicels. Calyx-tube very open, about 2 lines diameter and not so long. Operculum broad, rather thin, hemispherical or conical, longer than the calyx- tube. Stamens about 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary more or less conical in the centre, tapering into the style. Fruit almost hemispherical, about 3 lines diameter, the rim flat, the valves protruding even before they open.
Hab.: Stanthorpe; in the interior, Mitchell.
Wood of a pinkish colour, only fit for being used in the whole log, as it is apt to split and is usually full of hollows containing gum. The wood of this and similar Eucalypts is very durable when used for underground work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 191.
37. £. rostrata (operculum beaked), Schlecht. Linneea, xx. 655 ; Benth. FI.
Austr. iii. 240; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 4. “ Yarra,” Moonie River, Sir T.
Mitchell. A tall tree with a greyish-white bark, smooth and separating in thin layers (F. r. Mueller and others) rarely persistent and rough ? (F. r. Mueller). Leaves lanceolate, mostly falcate and acuminate, 8 to 6in. long or even more, the lower ones sometimes ovate or ovate-lanceolate and straight, not thick, the veins rather regular, numerous and oblique, the intramarginal one not close to the edge, or in some desert specimens thick with the veins much less conspicuous.
626
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Eucalyptus.
Peduncles rather short, terete or scarcely compressed, bearing each about 4 to 8 flowers on rather long pedicels. Calyx-tube hemispherical, 2 to 2J lines diameter. Operculum almost hemispherical at the base and about as long as or shorter than the calyx without the point or beak, which is almost always prominent and sometimes rather long, or very rarely the whole oper- culum is elongated and obtuse without any beak, much shorter than in E. tereticomis. Stamens about 2 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers small, ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary short, convex or conical in the centre. Fruit nearly globular, rarely above 3 lines diameter, the rim broad and very prominent, almost conical, the capsule not sunk and the valves entirely pro- truding even before they open.— F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 83 ; E. lonyi- rostris, F. v. M.; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 125.
Hab.: Borders of many inland rivers. In Queensland, so far as I have observed, never a tall tree.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, strong and durable if kept dry. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 192.
38. £. exserta (the wholly exserted valves), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 85; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 241. A moderate-sized or small tree, the bark ash- brown, rough and fissured outside and falling in fragments, somewhat fibrous inside (F. v. Mueller). Leaves lanceolate, mostly falcate and acuminate, 3 to 6in. long or sometimes much more, the lower ones often ovate, rather thick, the veins rather regular, numerous and oblique, the intramarginal one not close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or scarcely compressed, bearing each 3 to 8 flowers on distinct often rather long pedicels. Calyx-tube hemispherical, about 2 lines diameter (or sometimes nearly 3 ?). Operculum hemispherical or broadly conical, more or less beaked, acuminate and rather longer than the calyx- tube. Stamens about 2 lines long or rather more, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct cells. Fruit nearly globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim broad and very prominent, almost conical, the capsule not sunk, and the valves entirely protruding even before they open.
Hab.: From the Burnett to the Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller.
Wood of a pinkish colour, hard, tough and durable. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 192a.
39. E. tereticomis (horn-like operculum), Stn. Iiot. Nor. Moll. 41, and in Tram. Linn. Soc. iii. 284 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 241 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt, Dec. 9. Blue Gum. “ Yarah,” Bundaberg, Keys: “ Mungar,” Brisbane, T. Petrie; “ Moonburrie,” Nanango, Shirley; “ Dandoola,” Mackay, Nuyent. A tall tree, with a smooth whitish or ash-coloured bark shedding in thin layers. Leaves lanceolate, mostly falcate and acuminate, often exceeding 6in. long, the veins rather regular and numerous and oblique as in F. rostrata, but often rather coarser, the intramarginal one rather distant from the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, not very short, terete or angular, the upper ones sometimes forming a short panicle, each bearing about 4 to 8 flowers on pedicels of 1 to 3 lines. Calyx-tube turbinate, 2 to nearly 3 lines diameter. Operculum conical, acuminate, usually about Jin. long, always much longer than the calyx-tube and usually broader, of a rather thin texture and smooth. Stamens often Jin. long, more or less inflected in the bud, but some- times only very shortly so at the ends ; anthers small, ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary nearly as long as the calyx-tube and convex or conical in the centre. Fruit obovoid or almost globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim broad and very prominent, the capsule not sunk, the valves protruding beyond the rim. — DC. Prod. iii. 216; F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 83, and Fragm. ii. 65 ; Lepto- spernnun umhellatum, Gfertn. Fruct. i. 174 t. 35 ; E. subulata, A. Cunn.; Schau. iu Walp. Rep. ii. 924.
Pl. XXII.
Euxi&ZypJj^s pXcdypTzylicL/, F.v.JF.
F C. Wills
Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
627
Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; Broadsound, Shoalwater, and Keppel Bay, B. Brown ; Percy Island, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; Rockingham Bay (“Red Gum” and “Blue Gum”), Dallachy.
Wood of a red colour, hence sometimes called Red Gum. Generally known as Blue Gum, from at times having a bluish bark. Grain close ; a tough and durable wood, used in house- building and for many other purposes. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods. No. 193.
Gum contains 62% of tannin. — Lauterer.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 28oz. per cwt. — T. F. Bailey.
Var. brachycorys. Operculum more obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long. — A few localities in south Queensland. To this also probably belong the Mitchell River specimens, in which, however, the buds are not full grown.
The common form with a long operculum, when in very young bud, requires some caution in distinguishing it from the rostrate varieties of K. siderophloia and K. resinifera. The venation of the leaf is then the best guide. — Benth.
40. E. platyphylla (broad-leaved), F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 93 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 242. Broad-leaved Poplar Gum. “ Wongoola,” Mackay. Nugent. A handsome tree, with a light-green foliage- and smooth white deciduous bark. Leaves deciduous, ovate or rhomboid, acuminate or obtuse, the larger ones sometimes 8 to lOin. long and broad and almost cordate, but mostly much smaller and sometimes passing into ovate- lanceolate, rather rigid, the veins prominent, diverging, and anastomosing. Peduncles axillary or lateral, very short and rather thick, each with 3 to 6 or rarely more flowers on short thick angular pedicels. Calyx-tube turbinate or nearly hemispherical, about 3 lines diameter, the margin prominent in the bud after the outer operculum has fallen. Operculum not thick, hemispherical, shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long, all perfect, inflected in the bud ; anthers oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit obconical, 4 to 5 lines diameter, not contracted at the orifice, the rim thick, convex and prominent, the capsule nearly on a level with it, and the valves shortly protruding.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; fertile pastures on the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller; Percy Island, A. Cunningham ; Endeavour River, W. Hill; common about Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Broadsound, Fitzroy ; Bowen River, Bowman.
41. E. alba (white), Reinw. in Blurne, Bijdr. 1101 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 243 ; F. r. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 4. A tall tree with a pale ash-coloured rough persistent bark (F. r. Mueller), the foliage of a pale glaucous hue. Leaves from ovate-oblong and 2 to 3in. long, to ovate-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate and 5 to Bin. long, with diverging veins and very much reticulate, the intramarginal vein very near the edge. Peduncles axillary, terete or nearly so, short, with few pedicellate flowers, not seen expanded. Buds small, ovoid, the operculum obtusely conical, as long as the calyx-tube. Fruit turbinate or obconical, about 3 lines diameter, the rim somewhat convex and rather broad, the capsule slightly depressed, the valves exserted. — Dene. Herb. Tim. Descr. 126 ; FI. tectifica, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 92.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller ; Bandin’ s Expedition (Herb. R. Brown, from Herb. Mus. Par. marked “Cote occidentale,” but as in other plants from the same expedition probably in error) ; grassy valleys, Macarthur River, Gulf of Carpentaria. The Timor specimens from the Herb. Mus. Par. in Herb. R. Brown are in the same state of fruit only as Baudin’s Australian one, so also is a Timor specimen of Zippelius’s, communicated by Miquel to the Hookerian Herbarium. The E. moluccana, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 498, referred here by Miquel, FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 398, must, from Roxburgh’s short description, be very different. No specimens of it have been transmitted, and the tree is probably lost from the Calcutta Gardens. That was probably the best evidence as yet obtained of the genus existing in the Indian Archipelago beyond Timor, for E. deglupta is described by Blume, and E. multiflora by A. Gray, from specimens without flowers or fruit, and the others are only taken up from Rumphius’s very incomplete descriptions and figures of the trunk and foliage, also without flowers or fruit, —Bevtli,
628
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Eucalyptus.
Mitchell’s specimens, referred by Black in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 02, to E. tectifica , belong to E. dealbata, the leaves of which sometimes assume the form of those of E. alba, but with a different venation. — Bentii.
I give this species because I think it probable that some of the specimens from the more northern localities, and which have been placed under E. platypliylla, F. v. M., belong rather to E. alba, lleinw.; thus Bentham’s description and notes are given in full from FI. Austr. iii. Mueller, Eucalypt. Dec. 4, seems inclined to merge E. platypliylla in the older species, E. alba.
42. E. Stuartiana (after C. Stuart), F. r. M.; Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 181 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 248 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 4. A tree attaining a considerable elevation, the bark of the branches smooth and deciduous, that of the trunk rough and rigid and somewhat stringy (F. v. Mueller, Oldfield). Leaves from broadly ovate-lanceolate to narrow lanceolate, mostly 3 to Gin. long, much narrowed at the base, usually equal or nearly so, but sometimes oblique, thick, the nerves rather regular and diverging but scarcely conspicuous. Peduncles axillary or lateral, terete or slightly angular, with about 4 to 8 flowers on rather short thick pedicels. Calyx-tube smooth, often shining, turbinate, about 2 lines diameter, the border usually prominent in the bud. Operculum conical, some- times acuminate, from rather shorter to rather longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens dark-coloured, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary short, flat-topped. Fruit almost turbinate, usually about 3 lines but varying from 2 to 4 lines diameter, not con- tracted at the orifice, the rim not thick, slightly prominent, the capsule level with it or slightly sunk, the valves horizontal or protruding when open. — F. acervula, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 135, not of Sieb.; FI. Gunnii , F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 62, not of Hook.; E. persicifolia, Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. iv. 137, not of Lodd.; K. Baueriana, Miq. l.c., not of Schauer ; F. faleifolia, Miq. l.c. 136 (one specimen).
Hab.: Stanthorpe.
Wood of a grey colour, hard, tough and durable. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 191b.
43. E. saligna (willow-leaved), Sin. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 285 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 245 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec.. 2. A tall tree with a smooth silver- grey shining bark, shedding in thin longitudinal thick strips. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to long-lanceolate, but usually narrow, acuminate, 4 to 6in. long, with very numerous fine close transverse parallel veins, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Peduncles short, mostly flattened, each with 4 to 8 flowers. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, 2 to nearly 3 lines long, sessile or tapering into a short thick pedicel, the border of the calyx prominent in the bud and the orifice usually expanding after flowering. Operculum conical, about as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud, anthers ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Ovary conical in the centre. Fruit subglobose-truncate, not contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow, slightly raised above the calyx- border, the capsule somewhat or scarcely sunk, the valves more or less protruding. — DC. Prod. iii. 218.
Hab.: Forests in southern parts.
Wood very tough and close-grained ; very hard ; of a grey colour. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No .195.
Gum contains 28 4% of tannin and 42% of arabin. — Lauterer.
Yield of oil from dry foliage, 18oz. per cwt. — J. F. Bailey.
41. E. resinifera (resin-bearing), Sm. in White Toy. 231, in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 284, and E.vot. Bot. t. 84 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 215 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 1. Jimmy Low (Maroochie), Forest Mahogany, Red Stringy Bark. “ Roangga,” Palmer River, Roth. A tall tree with a rough persistent bark on the trunk but more or less deciduous on the branches. Leaves ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, straight or falcate, mostly 4 to Gin. long, rather thick, with numerous fine close parallel and almost transverse veins, sometimes scarcely conspicuous, the intramarginal one close to the edge.
Eucalyptus.']
LI. MYRTACEiE.
629
Peduncles axillary or lateral, more or less flattened, each Avith about 6 to 8 or sometimes more floAvers on pedicels usually short but sometimes longer than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 2J to 8 or rarely 4 lines diameter. Operculum conical or acuminate, much longer than the calyx-tube and often broader at the base as in 77. tereticornis. Stamens 4 to 6 lines long, raised above the calyx-border by the disk, inflected in the bud ; anthers small, ovate, Avith parallel distinct cells. Ovary not much shorter than the calyx, conical in the centre. Fruit obconical, subglobose-truncate or almost hemispherical, not con- tracted at the orifice, the rim not broad, convex or prominent, the capsule some- Avhat sunk or nearly level Avith it, the valves protruding. --DC. Prod. iii. 216.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy ; Daintree River, E. Fitzalan ; valleys of the Upper Brisbane (with a very long operculum), F. v. Mueller ; head of the Cape, Bowman; many parts of southern Queensland, particularly along the North Coast Railway about Maroochie.
This species is allied in the fruit and foliage to E. saligna, differing chiefly in the pedicellate flowers and large operculum, and in the fruit to E. Stuartiana, from which it is readily distinguished by the venation of the leaves as well as by the operculum. When the operculum is long, the buds resemble those of E. siderophloia, var. rostrata, and of E. tereticornis, but the venation of the foliage and other characters are quite different. It varies much in the size of the flowers, the length of the pedicel, and in the operculum from under tAvice to four times the length of the calyx-tube. Smith’s specimen is a garden one, Avith the operculum about tAvice the calyx-tube, but a native one in the Banksian herbarium, probably seen by Smith, has it three times the calyx-tube. Geertner’s figure and description of the fruit of Metrosideros gummifera, quoted by Smith as belonging to E. resinifera, and Avhieh has thus prevented the recognising the species, Avas taken from a specimen in the Banksian herbarium of E. corymbosa. — Benth.
Gum contains 48-4% of arabin and 26% of tannic acid. — Lauterer.
Bark used for basket-troughs, &c., and for poisoning Avater for fish.— Roth, l.c.
Wood of a rich red colour, from Avhieh it has been called Mahogany ; strong and durable. Most useful for piles, fencing-posts, and the large beams in buildings. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. If 'oods No. 196.
Var. grandiflora. Buds ovoid, about 4 lines diameter, the operculum broad and thick at the base, Avith a rather long beak or gradually tapering. Fruit about 4 to 6 lines diameter, Avith a raised rim and exserted valves. — Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 400 ; E. hemilampra, F. v. M. Herb,
45. E. pellita (skin-bearing), F. v. M. Fraym. iv. 159 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 246. A tree of 40 to 50ft., Avith a rough dark-grey bark (Dallachy). Leat'es ovate-lanceolate or almost ovate, acuminate, nearly straight, 5 to 6in. long or more, rigid, with numerous parallel almost trans\Terse veins, the intramarginal one near the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, stout and much flattened, often lin. long, each Avith about 4 to 8 rather large flowers on thick angular pedicels often as long as the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube much broader and shorter than in F. botryoides, 5 to nearly 6 lines diameter and more or less angular. Operculum thick, hemispherical, broader than the calyx-tube, Avith a short obtuse beak. Stamens about Jin. long, somewhat raised above the calyx-border by the disk, infected in the bud ; anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. 0\'ary very conical in the centre. Fruit subglobose-truncate or nearly hemispherical, 6 to 8 lines diameter, not contracted at the orifice, the rim raised above the calyx- border, slightly convex and rather broad, the capsule scarcely sunk, the valves much projecting. — 77. speetabilis, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 45.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
The species, as observed by F. v. Mueller, resembles E. botryoides, but differs in the larger especially broader floAvers, in the conical ovary, and in the shape of the fruit. It is, hoAvever, very closely allied to E. snligna ami E. resinifera, differing chiefly in the size of its leaves, floAvers, and fruit, and should perhaps include the var. grandiflora, Avhieh I have referred to the latter. — Benth.
In the Eucalyptographia, Dec. 1, F. v. M. merges this species into E. resinifera ; but if this is done it would have to be given as a variety, therefore it may as Avell be left as given in the FI. Austr. l.c.
46. E. grandifolia (large-leaved), R. Br. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 250. A small tree, with the outer bark brown and deciduous, the inner whitish and very smooth (7?. Brown). Leaves opposite or nearly so, petiolate, from ovate to
030
LI. MYRTACE.E.
[Eucalyptus .
ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 6in. long in the specimens, but probably often larger, rigid, with rather fine diverging veins, the intramarginal one remote from the edge. Flowers rather large, on pedicels of 4 to fin., 3 to 10 together, rather clustered than umbellate on a very short lateral peduncle, reduced sometimes to a tubercle (probably the inflorescence consists of several umbels reduced to 1 or 2 flowers each). Calyx-tube very short, broad, and open, 4 to nearly 5 lines diameter. Operculum convex or almost hemispherical, obtuse or umbonate, much shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens 4 to 5 lines long or rather more, inflected in the bud ; anthers oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit unknown.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown (Herb. 11. Brown). — Benth.
47. E. clavigera (buds club-shaped), A. Cunn. in Walp. Hep. ii. 926 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 250 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec 4. A large shrub or small tree (/?. Brown) with an ash-coloured bark. Leaves from opposite, sessile or nearly so, and broadly ovate-cordate or almost orbicular, to alternate and broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rarely above 4in. long, rather rigid, the veins prominent, diverging or almost transverse, but not close. Peduncles short, two or more together on a short leafless branch forming lateral clusters or very short panicles, each peduncle bearing an umbel of several rather small flowers on slender pedicels often £in. long. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 2 lines long and as much in diameter. Operculum very flat or convex, rarely almost hemispherical but much shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate or oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit from nearly globular to ovoid- oblong, 4 to 5 lines long, more or less contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule deeply suuk. — E. polysciadia, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 98.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown.
Wood of a dark-brown colour, close in grain, hard and durable. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. I Foods No. 196a.
48. E. tesselaris (the lower bark of stem broken into small squares), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 88 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 251 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 9. “ Carbeen,” and “ Ori,” St. George, Wedd; “ Woonara,”
Nanango, Shirley; “ Urrgula,” Palmer River, Roth; “ Tchunba,” Bundaberg, Keys ; “ Wonkara,” Port Curtis ; “ Algoori,” Mackay, Nugent. A middle- sized or large tree, the bark dark-brown, smooth and deciduous, the inner whitish and very smooth (R. Brown), the bark persistent on the trunk, dull ash-coloured, marked with longitudinal and transverse furrows forming separable pieces (F. v. Mueller), casts its bark in small angular pieces (Mitchell). Leaves lanceolate to almost linear, straight or falcate, 3 to Gin. long, with numerous fine parallel diverging or almost transverse veins and more or less reticulate, the intramarginal vein close to the edge. Peduncles very short, usually several together in lateral clusters or very short panicles, often so reduced as to appear like a single compact irregular umbel, each peduncle with 3 to 6 (or when the inflorescence is compact 1 of 2) flowers on short or slender pedicels. Calyx- tube short, much widened above the ovary, 2 to 24 or rarely nearly 3 lines diameter. Operculum very short and only slightly convex. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit ovoid or oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, slightly contracted at the orifice, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk. — F. viminalis, Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 157, not of Labill.; E. Hookeri, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 90.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown : Brisbane River and many other southern localities; Fitzroy Downs, Mitchell; Port Denison, FiUalan.
Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEzE.
631
Wood of a dark-brown colour, except near the bark; close-grained, tough and durable, especially that of the northern trees. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 11)7.
Gum contains 52-3% of tannin. — Lauterer.
Bark boiled in water; drunk for dysentery. — Both l.c.
Var. Dallachiana. Veins of the leaves more oblique, the intramarginal one not so close to the edge, the cluster of umbels so dense as to be reduced .almost to a sessile head. — Rockhampton, Dallachy (F. v. M.) — Wood brownish, tough, and close-grained. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 198.
49. H. phcenicea (referring to its fiery crimson flowers), F. r. M. iti Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 91 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 251 ; F. v. M. Fucalypt. Dec. 1. A middle-sized or small tree, the bark persistent or tardily falling off from the upper branches and readily separable in flakes, the outside of a yellowish or greyish-brown, when freshly broken glittering somewhat like mica-schist. Leaves lanceolate, 4 to Gin. long, or even more, with fine diverging veins, numerous but somewhat reticulate, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Peduncles lateral, terete or nearly so, bearing each a dense umbel of numerous large flowers remarkable for their long narrow shape. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx-tube 5 to 6 lines long, obscurely ribbed, about 3 lines diameter at the orifice and tapering downwards. Operculum hemispherical or conical, shorter than broad and much shorter than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 6 lines long, almost a fiery-crimson or orange-scarlet, much inflected in the bud ; anthers ovate, with parallel distinct cells. Ovary in the flower 2-celled. Fruit urceolate- oblong, f to lin. long, crowned by a narrow neck of about 2 or 3 lines, with a thin rim, the capsule sunk to the base of the neck.
Hab.: When collecting the wood exhibit for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, I received a log and some fragmentary specimens of a Eucalypt from Gulf country, which I con- sidered probably a form of the above species with whitish flowers. The wood was grey for a good distance in, but the centre was of a dark-brown, tough and heavy (s ee Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No 196b).
50. E. setosa (bristly), Schau. in IV alp. Iiep. ii. 926 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 254 ; F. v. M. Eucahjpt. Dec. 6. A small or moderate-sized tree, with a smooth ash-grey bark ( R . Brown), (stringy according to E. Fitzalan), the branchlets and inflorescence more or less hispid with rust-coloured bristles. Leaves opposite, sessile, cordate orbicular and obtuse or ovate and almost acute, rarely above 2in. long. Umbels shortly pedunculate, several-flowered, forming short, terminal, rather loose corymbose panicles. Pedicels often longer than the calyx. Calyx- tube obovoid, often slightly 8-ribbed, about 3 lines long, more or less covered with bristles. Operculum conical, shorter than the calyx-tube, often bearing a few bristles. Anthers ovate, parallel-celled. Ovary flat- topped, the style not dilated. Fruit urceolate-globular, much contracted at the top, hard and woody, | to fin. diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule sunk. Perfect seeds large, broadly winged. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 132.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Sweers Island, Henne ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan , Dallachy (with fewer setae on the buds).
Wood of a dark-brownish colour, subject to gum-veins, therefore only fit for using in the whole log; hard, strong and durable. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql Woods No. 198a.
51. E. Torelliana (after L. de Torelli), Ft v. M. Fragm. x. 106. A tall tree with smooth bark. Branchlets moderately stout, and as well as the petioles hispidulous-scabrous. Leaves from chartaceous tr coriaceous, 2 to 3in. long, 1£ to 2 in. broad, broad or cordate-ovate, the ur d r side pale, the intramarginal vein distant-from the edge ; petioles about |in. long. Panicles terminal, flowers numerous, glabrous, branches spreading, pedicels very short. Calyx-tube campanulately semiovate. Operculum shining, smooth, scarcely exceeding 2 lines broad. Stamens indexed in the bud. Anthers oblong, stigma not dilated. Ovary 3-celled.
Hab.: Near Cairns.
Part it. x
082
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Eucalyptus.
52. E. peltata (lamina attached to the petiole within the margin), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 254; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Per. 6. A tree with a dark shining brittle and flaky but persistent bark of a somewhat weeping habit. Leaves from nearly orbicular to oblong-ovate, obtuse, rather large, peltately inserted on the petiole above their base, rusty-scabrous or glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with diverging but not close veins. Flowers rather large, nearly sessile in the umbels, which are arranged in oblong (or corymbose ?) terminal panicles, but not seen expanded. Calyx-tube obconical in the bud, about 8 lines long, smooth and shining. Operculum much shorter, obtusely conical or hemispherical. Anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel cells. Fruit urceolate-globose, about 4 lines diameter, contracted above the deeply sunk capsule, the rim tlnn. Seeds smooth and not winged according to F. v. Mueller, but not seen in a ripe state. — E. melissiodora, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 95, not of Lindl.
Hab.: Burdekin, Lynd, and Gilbert Rivers; Charters Towers, Ravenswood.
Wood valued by artisans for various purposes. — F. r. M. 1 r.
58. E. latifolia (leaves broad), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 94 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 254. A small or middle-sized tree, with a smooth ash-grey bark, tardily separating from the inner brownish bark also smooth ( F . v. Mueller). Leaves alternate or here and there almost opposite, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, with transverse parallel veins, rather more prominent and not so close as in the allied narrow-leaved species. Flowers rather large, 4 to 6 in each umbel, in a large terminal corymbose panicle. Peduncles terete ; pedicels terete, shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, 4 to 5 lines diameter, rather thick. Operculum very short, slightly convex. Anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Fruits globose-truncate or urceolate-globose with a very short neck, smooth and not ribbed, 3 to 4 lines diameter, the rim thin ; the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds. winged.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria.
54. E. Albergiana (after Ernest Alberg), F. r. M. Fragm. xi. 43 ami Eucalypt. Dec. 1. A lofty tree with persistent bark and very spreading branches, the branchlets sometimes slender and somewhat angular, at other times thick and cylindrical. Leaves oval or elongate-lanceolate, 24 to 4in. long, 1 to 2in. broad. Petioles about lin. long. Panicles thick, terminal, almost corymbose, the ultimate branches bearing 2 to 6 sessile flowers ; flower-buds oval. Operculum hemispherical. Stamens all or nearly all fertile, indexed in the bud, the longer filaments from 4 to 6 lines long ; anthers oval, scarcely \ line long. Style half included within the calyx, shorter than the stamens. Fruit lin. long, urceolate, smooth, valves 4, seeds winged, with the wing 4 lines long.
Hab.: Near Rockingham Bay, J. Dallacliy.
The heartwopd very hard, reddish. — F. v. M. l.c.
55. E. corymbosa (flowers in corymbs), Sm . Bot. Nov . Floll. 43, and in Trans. Linn. Joe. iii. 287 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 256 ; F. v. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 5. Bloodwood. “Ambool,” St. George, Wedd: “Gooden,” Nanango, Shirley, “ Boona,” Brisbane, T. Petrie, Stradbroke Island, Watkins; “ Jinjil,” Cooktown, Both. Usually a small or middle-sized tree, but sometimes attaining a great height, with a persistent furrowed bark. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 to Gin. long, with numerous fine transverse parallel veins, often scarcely visible. Umbels loose, several-flowered, mostly in a' terminal corymbose panicle, the peduncles slightly compressed or angular. Flowers rather large, on pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Calyx-tube when open broadly turbinate, 3 to 4 lines diameter, often dilated at the margin. Operculum short, hemispherical, umbonate or shortly acuminate. Stamens attaining 5 or 6 lines ; anthers very small but ovate, with distinct parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary short,
Eucalyptus.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
638
flat-topped. Fruit more or less urceolate, i to fin. long, usually contracted above the capsule and often expanded at the orifice, the rim narrow, the capsule sunk. Seeds large, ovate, more or less bordered by a wing, usually narrow. — DC. Prod, iii. 220; F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 46; Metrosideros gummifcra, Soland. in Gsertn. Fruct. i. 170 t. B4 f. 1.
Hab.: From border of N.S.W. to Cape York.
The figure usually quoted of E. corymbosa, Cav. Ic. 4 t. 340, is a very indifferent one, and looks much more like E. paniculate. — Benth.
Gum will quickly cure ringworm. — Macartney.
Foliage contains little oil ; ljoz. obtained from 561b. of dried leaves. — J. F. Bailey.
This tree yields a tan-resin gam in large quantities, exuding at times in a bright-red fluid of the consistence of treacle; it often becomes imprisoned between the layers of wood, where it gets hard and may be broken out in quantity. It varies from being soluble in water to complete insolubility in water and alcohol.— Lauterer.
Wood of a red colour, containing cavities full of gum ; a very durable wood if used whole, as for stumps, posts or piles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 199.
56. E. terminalis (flowers terminal), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 89 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 257 ; “ Narm-boon-bong,” Cloncurry, Palmer : “ Kulcha,” Gilbert River, Palmer: “ Gaja,” Palmer River, Both. A tree, very closely allied to E. corymbosa and might be termed its inland representative ; it is often scarcely to be distinguished from it in the dried specimens. It is, however, of a paler or more glaucous colour, the leaves usually narrower with less conspicuous veins, the operculum very obtuse, hemispherical and not showing the junction Avith the calyx-tube till just as it is detached. The fruit is somewhat larger and less urceolate, that is contracted at the orifice without so distinct a neck, the size varies from 7 lines to lin. long. Seeds with prominent wing.
Jlab.: An inland tropical tree.
Manna is procured from the leaves and small branches by being gathered and laid on pieces of bark, when the particles of sugar or gum fall off or are scraped off with mussel-shells into a “ kooliman,” or the leaves when covered with the white exudation are pounded together with a stone and roasted in the ashes. Sometimes the sugary particles are gathered as they fall from the trees. After the rainy season this food is said to be abundant. — Palmer.
Wood red ; subject to large gum-veins. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. I Foods No. 199a.
57. E. dichromophloia (two-coloured bark), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 89 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 257. A moderate-sized or large tree, the bark smooth, ash-grey, at length separating from the inner reddish bark. Leaves long-lanceolate, narrow, thick, with numerous very fine close parallel nerves, the intramarginal one scarcely distant from the edge. Umbels several-flowered, forming loose, terminal, corymbose panicles ; young buds obovoid, with a very short obtuse operculum ; perfect flowers unknown. Anthers of E. corymbosa. Fruit urceolate-globose, with a contracted neck, smooth, attaining sometimes ^in. diameter, but mostly much smaller, the rim thin, the capsule sunk. Perfect seeds broadly winged on one side.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.
It appears to differ but slightly from E. terminalis in the size and shape of the fruit, and perhaps in the bark. — Bcntli. l.c.
Fruit considerably smaller than in E. corymbosa, about the size of E. tracliyphloia. — F. v. M. l.c.
58. E. trachyphloia (rough-barked), F. v. M. in Journ. [Ann. Soc. iii. 90, and Fragm. xi. 4B ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 221 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 5. White Bloodwood. “Gou-unya,” Nanango, Shirley. A tree of moderate size, with a persistent spongy-fibrous bark, foliage dense. Leaves elongate-lanceolate, often falcate, 4 to 6in. long, with numerous fine parallel almost transverse veins, the intramarginal one close or very near the edge. Oil-dots copious, sometimes much concealed. Umbels in terminal panicles containing from 4 to 8 small pedicellate
LT. MYRTACEiB.
[Eucalyptus.
r,84
Howers. Calyx-tube ovate-pyriform in the bud. Operculum depressed, hemi- spherical. Stamens all fertile. Anthers dorsifixed, ovate, somewhat truncate, >lits parallel. Style short ; stigma but slightly dilated. Fruit ovoid-truncate, contracted towards the orifice, about 3 lines long, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds ovate, about 1 line long.
Hub.: Common in southern localities ; Burnett and Mackenzie Rivers.
59. E. maculata (spotted trunk), Hook. Jc. PI. t. 619 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 258 ; F. r. M. Eucalypt. Dec. 3. Spotted Gum. “ Urar,” Brisbane, T. Petrie. A lofty tree with a smooth bark falling off in patches so as to give the trunk a spotted appearance. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, straight or falcate, acuminate, mostly 4 to Gin. long or even more, with numerous parallel but rather oblique veins, rather coarse, the intramarginal one close to the edge. Umbels 8-ffowered, usually several together, on short leafless branches, forming a panicle or corymb. Peduncles and pedicels short and thick, scarcely angular. Calyx-tube in the young bud shortly cylindrical, when open broadly turbinate, 3 to 4 lines diameter. Operculum hemispherical, much shorter than the calyx-tube, the outer one much thicker and more persistent than in most species where it has been observed, and usually umbonate or shortly acuminate, the inner one (corresponding to the single one of both species) thin, obtuse, smooth, and shining. Stamens attaining 4 or 5 lines ; anthers ovate with parallel distinct cells opening longitudinally. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit ovoid- urceolate, usually about 4in. long and nearly as much in diameter, the rim narrow, the capsule deeply sunk. — F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 47 ; E. rarieyata, F. v. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 88.
Hab.: Common in southern localities.
Wood of a light-grev colour, very elastic and durable, valuable in wheelwrights’ and carriage work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 202.
Var. citriodora. E. citriodora, Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 235 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 257. Citron scented Gum. Differing principally in the Citron-like fragrance of the foliage. Hab.: Gladstone, Rockhampton, Springsure, Herberton, and Port Denison. — Wood of perhaps a darker colour, of equal value to that of the normal form. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 203.
60. E. Watsoniana (after Th. Wentworth Watson), F. v. M. Fragm. x. 98, Eucalypt. Dec. 7. A tall tree with a persistent, wrinkled, somewhat scaly bark of a brownish colour. Leaves on long petioles, ovate to narrow-lanceolate, slightly falcate, the larger ones 4 to 5in. long, 1 to Hin. broad, thin-coriaceous, primary lateral nerves rather close and regular, intramarginal one close to the edge. Umbels 2-4-flowered, sometimes forming terminal panicles. Calyx-tube slightly warted, about iin. long, campanulate. Operculum depressed-hemi- spherical, thick, umbonate, smooth. Stamens all fertile, inflexed in the bud ; filaments yellowish, about 8 lines long. Anthers narrow-oblong, opening by longitudinal slits. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma not broader than the style. Fruit about lin. long, campanulate-urceolate, 3 to 4-celled. Seeds shiny- brown, compressed, smooth, 2 to 3 lines long, sharply angular.
Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller.
61. E. tetradonta (four-toothed), F. r. M. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 97, Euca- lypt. Dec. 1; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 260. “ Olm-bah,” Mitchell River, Palmer;
“ Kalmba,” Palmer River, Both. A tree with a whitish, fibrous, persistent bark and angular branchlets. Leaves opposite or alternate, long-lanceolate, acuminate, often falcate and above 6in. long, coriaceous, but the numerous somewhat oblique veins prominent, the intramarginal one near the edge. Peduncles axillary or 2 or 3 together at the ends of the branches, short and thick but not dilated, each bearing 3 or very rarely 5 rather large flowers, on thick angular or flattened pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Calyx-tube obconical or turbinate, 3 to 4 lines long, with 4 rounded very obtuse teeth, slightly prominent on the bud. Operculum hemi-
F -ucalyptus .]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
635
spherical or nearly globular, smooth. Stamens very numerous, the longest attaining 5 or 6 lines, not distinctly arranged in clusters, indexed in the bud ; anthers oblong, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit oblong-cylindrical, i to fin. long, 4 to 6 lines diameter, not contracted at the orifice, the rim narrow but forming an acutely prominent ring, the capsule sunk, usually 8-celled. Seeds obliquely oval.
Hab.: Batavik River, Dr. IF. E. Roth.
The leaves of the young trees are bruised and rubbed in water in a “ kooliman” with the hands till the water is green and thick, when it is drunk for fevers and headache. — E. Palmer.
16. TRISTANIA, R. Br.
(Said to be after Jules M. C. Tristan, a French botanist.)
(Lophostemon, Schott.: Tristaniopsis, Brongn. and Gris.)
Calyx-tube turbinate-campanulate or open, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part broad ; lobes 5, short. Petals 5, broad, much imbricate. Stamens indefinite, more or less united in bundles opposite the petals, the filaments or free parts filiform, inflectel or rarely erect; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, half superior, or free, except the broad base, but included in the calyx-tube, flat or convex on the top and very rarely depressed in the centre round the style, 3-celled, with several horizontal or recurved ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with a more or less capitate stigma. Capsule adnate or almost free, enclosed in or protruding from the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally in 3 valves. Perfect seeds where known few in each cell, linear-cuneate or expanded at the end into a flat wing ; testa thin ; embryo straight ; coteyledons broad and folded over each other, as long as or longer than the radicle. — Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or irregularly verticillate at the ends of the branches, or in one species opposite, penniveined. Flowers small, yellow or white, in pedunculate axillary cymes. Bracts very deciduous or entirely wanting.
Besides the Australian species, the genus comprises at least two from New Caledonia and about four from the Indian Archipelago.— Benth.
Section I. Lophostemon, — Leaves alternate. Stamens indexed, o-adelphous, with lonO claws. Ovary inferior, flat-topped, with very numerous horizontal or recurved ovules in each cell- Seeds linear -enneate.
Staminal claws half as long as the petals. Flowers usualy small (yellow ?).
Calyx-lobes short and very obtuse 1. T. suaveolens.
Staminal claws as long as the petals. Flowers few in the cyme, rather large.
Calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute 2. T. conferta.
Section II. Eutristania.— Leaves alternate. Stamens inflexed, 5-adelphous, with very short claws. Ovary adnate or half superior, ovules all reflexed. Seeds very flat or expanded at the end into a flat winy, the embryo in the thickened base.
Ovary adnate. Flowers small, white, and numerous 3.2’. lactiflua.
Ovary half superior. Stamens scarcely exceeding the petals. Seeds winged.
Flowers yellow.
Flowers small and numerous. Calyx not 1 line diameter .4. 7’. exiliflora.
Flowers few. Calyx 14 to 2 lines diameter ij. T. lamina.
Cymes axillary or lateral. Flowers yellow, numerous. Petals orbicular, about 4 lines diameter, fugacious. Fruit near ^in. long, 3-valved. Seeds winged,
3 lines long 0. T. lonyivalvis.
1. T. suaveolens (flowers fragrant), Sin. in Rees Cycl. xxxvi.; lienth. FI. Austr. iii. 262. Swamp Mahogany. “ Boolarchoo,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins; “ Urona,” Bundaberg, A>//.s' ; “ Bujir,” Cooktown, Roth. A shrub or tree, more or less glaucous or hoary, or the young shoots hirsute, rarely quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate-elliptical, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, more or loss distinctly penniveined and reticulate, in some
LI. MYRTACEjL.
636
[Tristania.
specimens H to 3in., in others 3 to Gin. long. Flowers usually small, in axillary cymes, the common peduncle J to £in. long, more or less flattened. Calyx-tube campanulate, usually hoary-pubescent, 1 to 1£ line long; lobes very short and broad. Petals li line diameter. Staminal bundles about as long as the petals, the claws half as long as the petals, rather broad, with numerous inflexed filaments. Ovary wholly adnate, flat or concave at the top and glabrous, not depressed round the style ; ovules very numerous in each cell, on an oblong reflexed placenta. Fruiting-calyx very open, 2 to nearly 4 lines diameter, the capsule not exceeding the tube. Seeds linear-cuneate, not winged ; cotyledons rather broad and folded. — DC. Prod. iii. 210; Melaleuca tniaveolem, Gaertn. Fruct. t. 173 t. 35 ; Tristania depressa, A. Cunn. in Bot. Reg. under n. 1839 ; DC. Prod. iii. 210; T. rhytiphloia, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 81.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Cape York, M‘ Gillivray ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Repulse Bay, A. Cunningham ; Rockingham Bay, Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, &c., Backhouse, If'. Hill, and others. Flowering from November to January.
Wood of a red colour, resembling Spanish Mahogany, hard and close-grained, but best fitted for underground work ; extensively used for piles, as it is found to resist the ravages of the teredo longer than any wood as yet tried in this colony. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 204.
Var. ylabrescens, Syn. Ql. FI. 182. This differs from the normal form only iu the want of the hoariness of its foliage, the leaves being a bright shiny-green. Found in low, almost swampy localities, in the south. — Wood similar to the last, and used for the same purposes. Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 205.
2. T. conferta (leaves crowded), It. Br. in Ait. Hurt. Keir ed. 2, iv. 417 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 263. Brisbane Box. “ Tubbil-pulla,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins, and Brisbane, '/’. Petrie. A tall tree, with a smooth brown deciduous bark and dense foliage, the young shoots often clothed with spreading hairs, otherwise glabrous except the inflorescence, the buds of the succeeding year covered with large imbricate coloured scales. Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branches so as to appear verticillate, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate or rarely almost obtuse, usually 3 to 6in. long, penniveined and minutely reticulate underneath. Flowers in cymes of 3 to 7, usually on the young wood below the cluster of leaves, the floral leaves mostly abortive, the peduncle flattened, \ to ^in. long, or rarely elongated. Calyx-tube more or less pubescent or hirsute, turbinate, 1^ to near 3 lines long ; lobes narrow, acute, nearly as long as the tube. Petals undulate, often 3 lines diameter. Staminal bundles often ^in. long, inflexed, the claws long and linear, with numerous short slender filaments nearly along their whole length ; anthers very small. Ovary wholly adnate, flat-topped without any central depression ; ovules exceedingly numerous in each cell, covering an oblong reflexed placenta. Fruiting-calyx 3 to 4 lines diameter, hemispherical or cup-shaped, truncate, smooth, the capsule level with the orifice or shortly exceeding it. Seeds linear-cuneate, not winged ; coty- ledons folded. — DC. Prod. iii. 210 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 57 ; T. subverticillata, Wendl. in Ott. Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. i. 186 ; T. macrophylla, A. Cunn. in Bot. Reg. t. 1839 ; F. v. M. Fragm. i. 82 ; Lophostemon arborescens, Schott in Wien. Zeitschr. iii. (1830) 772.
Hab.: Sandy Cape and Keppel Bay, R. Brown; mouths of the Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Edgecombe Bay, etc., Dallachy, Henne ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and other. Flowering about December.
Wood of a dark-grey colour ; hard, tough, and close in the grain ; when kept dry very durable : shrinks very much in drying; used for joists, knees of vessels, and by the wheelwright. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 foods No. 206.
Leaves on the Brisbane River tree often discoloured by the fungus blight Phoma purpurea, C. and M.
Var .Jibrosa. This variety forms a handsome compact tree, and differs from the usual form in its bark being fibrous on both trunk and branches, and in its inflorescence being more slender and usually longer, the calyx only slightly hairy, the flowers smaller. Hab.: Pimpama, W. B. Bailey.
637
Tristania. j LI. MYRTACEjE.
3. T. lactiflua (sap milky), F. v. M. Fraym. i. 82 ; Benth. FI. Austr. in. 263. A tree attaining 30ft., glabrous or the young shoots, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence glaucous-pubescent. Leaves alternate, often almost verticillate at the ends of the branches, ovate or broadly ovate-lanoeolate, obtuse or acute, penniveined, 3 to 6in. long, on a petiole often of lin. Flowers white, small and very numerous, in axillary cymes, the common peduncle often 1 to 2in. long. Calyx-tube broad, scarcely 1 line long, with very short rounded lobes as in T. sudveolens. Petals about li line diameter. Staminal bundles about as long as the petals, inflexed, the claws short and broad, each with 15 to 20 filaments. Ovary wholly adnate, concave at the top witnout any central depression. Ovules reflexed, not so numerous as in T. suaveolens. Fruit not seen.
Hab.: Gulf country, E. Palmer.
4. T. exiliflora (flowers small), F. r. M. Fraym. v. 11 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 264. Glabrous or the inflorescence minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or elliptical, almost acute, much narrowed into the petiole, penniveined, 2 to 4in. long. Flowers yellow, small, rather numerous, in small axillary shortly pedunculate cymes, the pedicels at length longer than the calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate or almost hemispherical, rather above ^ line long, lobes ovate, rather shorter. Petals about f line diameter. Staminal bundles inflexed, not exceeding the petals, the claws short, each with 2 to 4 filaments, often hairy at the base. Ovary half-adnate, the summit very convex, pubescent, not depressed round the style, with 3 to 6 pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit obovoid- globular, about 2 lines diameter, adnate at the base only, filling the calyx-tube and protruding considerably beyond it. Seeds obovoid, not much flattened, the testa sometimes with a short appendage or quite wingless, often lined with a granular substance. Cotyledons broad, deeply lobed and closely folded over the radicle.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy , and many other tropical localities.
The species is very closely allied to T. laurina, with the same foliage, floral characters, and fruit, but with the flowers as small as in T. lactiflua , and the seeds, as far as known, not winged. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, close in grain, very tough and elastic ; useful for tool-handles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. IVnods No. 206a.
5. T. laurina (Laurel-like), li. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2 iv. 417 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 264. Water Gum. A somewhat scrubby shrub in exposed locali- ties, becoming in moist situations a tree, often of great height, the young shoots more or less glaucous or silky-pubescent, especially the under side of the leaves, the older foliage glabrous. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, elliptical or obovate- lanceolate, acuminate, penniveined, 2 to 4in. long, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers yellow, in short axillary cymes, on a very short common peduncle, the pedicels rarely longer than the calyx. Calyx-tube broadly campauulate, 1^ to 21 lines diameter, lobes small, triangular, distant at the time of flowering although imbricate in the young bud. Petals 1J to 2 lines long, usually undulate. Staminal bundles inflexed, scarcely exceeding the petals, the claws very short, each with 15 to 20 filaments. Ovary half-adnate, the summit very convex, hirsute, not depressed round the style, with several (about 10) reflexed ovules in each cell. Capsule obovoid or almost globular, 3 to 5 lines diameter, adnate at the base only, filling the calyx-tube and protruding considerably beyond it. Seeds oblong, flat, laterally attached near the top, the upper part thin and wing-like, embryo in the lower thickened portion ; cotyledons deeply cordate and folded over each other; radicle superior, rather long. — DC. Prod. iii. 210; F. v. M. Fragm. i. 81 ; Melaleuca laurina , Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 275.
Hab.: Along creeks, southern localities. Flowering in December and January.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, very tough and strong ; useful for tool-handles — Bailey’s Cat. (}! • H oods No. 206b.
LI. MYRTACE.E.
Tristania.
638
6. T, longivalvis (valves of fruit long), F. v. M.; Whu/'s South. Sci. Rec., new series, ii., April 1886. Buttercup Tree. A tree of small size, the branchlets pendulous. Leaves scattered on very short petioles, obovate, attaining a length of 4in. with a breadth of 2in., glabrous, finely penninerved and thinly net-veined, somewhat shining above and paler beneath. Cymes axillary or lateral, very spreading, the peduncles slender ; pedicels as long as or longer than the flowers, thickened upwards. Calyx-lobes semi-orbicular, deltoid, shorter than the tube. Petals orbicular, yellow, glabrous, about 4 lines wide, hardly contracted towards the base. Stamens shorter than the petals, numerous in each fascicle, the anthers terminated by a turgid gland. Ovary half-adnate to calyx-tube ; ovules numerous in each cell. Style 3 lines long, subulate, glabrous; stigma scarcely dilated. Fruit nearly 6 lines long ; valves 3, deltoid-lanceolate, acute, and hard ; seeds rather numerous in each cell and closely packed, broad, much compressed, and terminating in a conspicuous membrane, nearly 3 lines long. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Prince of Wales Island, R. Brown ; Thursday Island, Rev. B. Scortecliini ; Cape York, B. Gulliver. Flowering about June.
Wood of a straw colour, close-grained, very hard and tough, stands well in drying, and will likely prove valuable for building purposes. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 20(ic (there given as probably T. macrosperma, F. v. M., a New Guinea species).
17. SYNCARPIA, Ten.
(Referring to the carpels being united.)
(Kamptzia, Nees.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base, the free part erect or dilated ; lobes 4 or rarely 5, persistent. Petals 4 or rarely 5, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free, in 1 or 2 series, sometimes interrupted between the petals, filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, flat-topped or convex, scarcely depressed round the style, 2 or 3-celled, with 1 or several ovules in each cell, erect on a basal placenta ; style filiform with a small stigma. Capsule included in and adnate to the calyx-tube, opening loculicidally in 2 or 3 valves. Seeds linear-cuneate, testa thin, embryo straight, cotyledons plano-convex, longer than the radicle. — Trees. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers in dense globular heads, either solitary on axillary peduncles or forming terminal panicles.
The genus consists of 3 species exclusively Australian, and differing perhaps as much from each other as either one does from Metrosideros. — Benth.
Calyxes hoary, connate. Petals broad. Ovary 3-celled, with several ovules
in each cell. Flowers in each head 6 to 10 1. S. laurifolia.
Calyxes connate, glabrous ; the foliage and flowers much larger than in No. I.
Flowers in each head usually 7 2. S. Hillii.
Calyxes free. Petals narrow. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell . . 3. S. leptopetala.
1. S. laurifolia (Laurel-leaved), Ten. in Mem. Soc. Ital. Sc. Moden. xxii. t. 1 ; Tenth. FI. Austr. iii. 265. Turpentine tree. A slender tree, the young shoots and under side of the leaves more or less hoary-pubescent or glaucous. Leaves appearing sometimes in whorls of 4 from 2 pairs being close together, from broadly ovate to elliptical-oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, glabrous above, 2 to 3in. long, on petioles of \ to ^in. Flowers white, united, 6 to 10 together in globular beads, on peduncles of f to lin. at the base of the new shoots, with 2 to 4 bracts close under the head, either short and scale-like or leaf-like and exceeding the flowers. Calyxes connate at the base, the free parts broadly cam- panulate, softly hoary-pubescent, 1 to l\ line long, lobes short, broad and obtuse. Petals broadly ovate or orbicular, about line long. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long, in about 2 rows round a flat disk fully 3 lines diameter. Ovary flat-topped, tomentose, 3-celled, with rather numerous ovules in each cell, erect on an oblong placenta. Fruiting-heads about -Jin. diameter, the calyxes connate to about the
■S'ljncarp ia^ HtLLLL, BauU
GmfZahs Office
Brisbane.. &
Pi. XX///.
F. c Win,
Sgncarpia.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
639
middle. — F. v. M. Fragm. i. 79 ; Metrosideros ylomulifcra, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 269 ; DC. Prod. iii. 225 ; Tristania albens, A. Cunn. in Bot. Reg. under n. 1889 ; DC. Prod. iii. 210 ; Kamptzia albens, Nees in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. Suppl. Prasf. 9 t. 1 ; Metrosideros procera and M. propinqua, Salisb. Prod. 351 ?
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay passage, R. Brown; Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller; Ilei'berton, J. F. Bailey. Flowering about October.
Wood of a light colour near the bark, but all the rest dark-brown ; easy to work, but shrinks and warps much in drying. Used for piles and underground work generally, also shipbuilding. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 207.
2. S. Hillii (after Walter Hill), Bail. Proc. Roy. Soc. Ql. i. 86. Peebeen. A tall tree, producing a durable timber ; bark thick, deeply furrowed, of a reddish color. Leaves opposite, the pairs often so close as to appear whorled, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, rounded at the base, 4 to 6Jin. long, 2 to 4in. broad, deep-green on the upper side, paler beneath, the midrib prominent, trans- verse veins anastomosing in an intramarginal one some distance from the margin, both sides finely reticulate. Petioles nearly terete when fresh, much wrinkled when dry, ^ to 1 Jin. long. Flowers united in heads, each head usually formed of a whorl of 6 with 1 in the centre. Peduncle terete or angular when dry, to ljin. long, with broad scale-like bracts close under the head. Calyxes connate at the base, the free part campanulate ; lobes obtuse, often reflexed. Petals orbicular, with undulate thin margins. Stamens in 2 rows, inflexed in the bud,
2 to 5 lines long ; filaments flattened ; anthers nearly globular. Fruiting heads 1 to ljin. diameter. Ovary flat-topped, glabrous, 3-celled. Seeds linear, erect from the thickened axile placenta.
Hab.: Fraser’s Island (so far as at present known, its only habit).
Wood of a dark-pink colour, close in the grain, and tough ; a useful building wood. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 209.
Exudes a soft yellow resin, which may be put to the same use as Strasburg turpentine; also has been proved a healing agent on chronic ulcers and sores like the best Hamburg plaster. — Lauterer.
3. S. leptopetala (petals slender), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 79 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. iii. 266. A tree of 50 to 60ft., the young shoots, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence minutely and closely tomentose or almost scurfy, or at length glabrous, the young branches angular. Leaves ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, penniveined, glabrous above, 2 to 4in. long, tapering into rather short petioles. Flowers small and numerous, in dense globular heads but quite free from each other, the common peduncles slender, 1 to ljin. long, in terminal clusters or panicles. Bracts very small, linear or lanceolate. Calyx- tube pubescent or nearly glabrous, membranous, turbinate-campanulate, 1 to 14- line long ; lobes short, rounded. Petals narrow, f line long. Stamens in a single row round the margin of the calyx-tube but interrupted between the petals,
3 to 4 lines long. Ovary convex, pubescent, 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller , C Moore, and others. Flowering in September.
Wood of a light colour, close-grained, and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 209.
18. LYSICARPUS, F. v. M.
(Fruits free.)
Calyx-tube campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 5, small, almost valvate. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free or nearly so, in 2 or more series interrupted opposite the sepals, the inner ones shorter, a few of the outer ones with reniform indehiscent anthers, the others with versatile
640
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Lysirarpns.
anthers, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary enclosed in the calyx- tube, but free except the broad base, tapering above, but with a distinct depres- sion round the style, 3-celled with numerous ovules in each cell, erect on a basal placenta ; style filiform, with a capitate almost 3-lobed stigma. Capsule oblong, protruding from the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds — Tree. Leaves opposite or whorled, narrow. Flowers polygamous, the males in irregular cymes, the hermaphrodites often solitary.
The genus is limited to the single Australian species. It is very nearly allied to Metrosideros. — Benth.
1. L. ternifolius (leaves three in each whorl), F. v. M. in Tran*. Phil. Inst. ii. 68. Tom Russell’s Mahogany or Mountain Oak. A tree attaining about 30ft., with a soft thick fibrous bark, the young branchlets and inflorescence softly tomentose-pubescent. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, narrow-linear, mucronate-acute or rarely obtuse, 14 to 3in. long, with closely revolute margins, shining above, whitish-pubescent or at length glabrous underneath. Male flowers in irregular terminal or almost terminal leafy cymes, the hermaphrodite often solitary on opposite pedicels below the ends of the branches. Calyx-tube softly tomentose, about 14 line long, broader in the hermaphrodite than in the male flowers. Petals above 1 line diameter, orbicular, pubescent or ciliolate. Stamens exceeding the petals. Ovary pubescent. Capsule often twice as long as the calyx. — Tristania angmtifolia, Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 198.
Hab.: On the Maranoa, Mitchell; Darling Downs and between the Mackenzie and Dawson Rivers, F. v. Mueller : often found on ranges or brigalow scrubs. Flowering in November and December.
Wood light-brown, well marked, hard, heavy and elastic; suitable for cabinet-work, and has been largely used for railway-sleepers. — Bailey' * Cat. Ql. Wood* No. 210.
Said not to be eaten by white ants.
19. METROSIDEROS, Banks.
(Name referring to the hardness of wood.)
(Nania, Miq.)
Calyx-tube (in the Australian species) campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base, lobes 5, rarely 4, slightly imbricate. Petals 5, rarely 4, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free, in 1 or more series, exceeding the petals, filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary included in the calyx-tube, inferior or half superior, slightly depressed round the style, 3-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell closely packed in several series, on a peltate or oblong adnate placenta ; style filiform, with a small stigma. Capsule inferior, half superior, or almost free, but surrounded by or enclosed in the persistent calyx-tube, opening loculicidally in 3 valves or rarely irregularly dehiscent. Seeds usually numerous, flat, cuneate or linear, erect ; embryo straight, the cotyledons flat or folded, longer than the radicle. — Shrubs or trees, rarely climbing. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers often showy, in dense terminal trichotomous cymes, or rarely axillary.
The genus comprises several very variable species dispersed over the islands of the Pacific and Indian Archipelago from New Zealand to the Sandwich Islands, with one somewhat anomalous species from South Africa. — Benth.
1. IVI. tetrapetala (four-petaled), F. r. M. Fray in. vii. 41. A small tree, the branches thinly velvety and slightly compressed. Leaves elliptic, obovate, or orbicular-ovate, pale green, almost glabrous. Oil-dots copious, chartaceous, 14 to 3in. long, 1 to 14in. broad ; petioles 4 to 6 lines long. The corymbs or cymes on long peduncles. Bracts herbaceous, 2 to 3 lines long, linear-spathulate. Bracteoles 2, opposite, canaliculate-linear, somewhat pubescent, 14 line long.
Metrosiderus.]
LI. MYRTACE^.
641
Pedicels almost lin. long. Flower-bud ovate, acute, slightly velvety. Calyx- lobes 4, 1 to 1J line long; tube very short. Petals 4, semiovate-rotund, about 14 line diameter, hairy on the back. Stamens 5 lines long, white like the petals, soon falling. Anthers yellow, ovate, renate-curvate, opening in two longitudinal slits. Stigma very minute.- Capsule as large as a pea, crustaceous. Seeds brown, almost rhomboid-ovate, trigonis, or often flattened.
Hab.: Gilbert .River, Cave Creek, R. Daintree (F. v. M. l.c.)
20. XANTHOSTEMON, F. v. M.
(Yellow stamens.)
(Fremya, Brongn. and Gris.)
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or open, adnate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4 or 5, slightly imbricate, often unequal. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free or slightly united at the base, in one or more series much exceed- ing the petals ; filaments often rigid ; anthers versatile or, from a dilatation of the connective round the filament, apparently attached by the base, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube, half inferior or free except the broad base, 2 to 6-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell, closely packed in a single ring round a clavate or peltate placenta ; style filiform with a small stigma. Capsule free except the broad base, seated on the expanded calyx, or half enclosed in the cup-shaped calyx-tube, opening loculicidally in 2 to 6 valves. Seeds flat or angular ; testa thin ; cotyledons broad, flat or folded over each other, longer than the straight or incurved radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, or opposite and alternate in one species, penni veined. Flowers in dense cymes on terminal or axillary peduncles, or (in species not Australian) solitary or nearly so. Bracts and bracteoles usually very small or none.
Besides the three Queensland species, there are a considerable number in New Caledonia. The genus has since been reunited by F. v. Mueller with Metrosideros, which it closely resembles. The constantly alternate leaves, with the insertion and arrangement of the ovules, seem, how- ever, to justify the maintaining it either as a genus or section at least as distinct as Syncarpia, Lysicarpus, and the non-Australian Cloezia , Tepuaiia, and Spermolepis. — Benth.
Leaves acuminate, 4 to bin. long. Calyx above 3 lines diameter, half
enclosing the capsule 1. X. chrysantluis.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3 to Sin. long. Flowers in racemose panicles.
Capsule somewhat globose. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, thick, 3 or 4 lines long 2. X. pachyspermus. Leaves opposite or here and there alternate, oval-oblong, 2 to 4in. long.
Peduncles J to lin. long in the upper axils. Capsule nearly globose, Jin.
diameter. Seeds numerous, flat 3. A', oppositijolius.
1. X. chrysanthus (golden-flowered), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 268. “ Choolo-choolo,” Barron River,,/. F. Haile;/ ; “ Currijello,” Johnstone
River, G. Y. Hardin;/. A tall handsome tree with a fibrous bark, the branchlets somewhat hoary. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate or almost acute, 4 to 6in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Peduncles in the upper axils about Jin. long, bearing each a dense cyme of 5 to 10 rather large flowers of a golden yellow. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate, 3 to 3J lines diameter, somewhat enlarged and half enclosing the fruit ; lobes ovate- triangular, shorter than the tube and half as long as the orbicular petals. Stamens 20 to 25, in a single series, the longest nearly lin. long ; anthers oblong versatile, the connective scarcely thickened. Ovary more than half superior, usually 3-celled, with numerous flat ovules closely packed in a single whorl round a peltate somewhat clavate placenta. Style very long, not at all immersed. Capsule about 5 lines diameter. Seeds few perfect, flat, with a thin testa ; cotyledons broad, 2-lobed, conduplicate, more or less enclosing the incurved radicle ; sterile seeds numerous, of the same shape, but hard and homogeneous. — Metrosiderus chrysantha , F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 159.
Hab.: Along streams, Rockingham Bay, Johnstone River, and other parts of northern Queensland.
642
LI. MYRTACE/E.
[Xantliostemon.
2. X. pachyspermus (referring to the thick seeds), F. v. M.and Bail., (Jcc. Pap. Ql. FI. t. 4. Yellow-wood of the Johnstone River. A glabrous tree of medium size, the leaves alternate but often crowded at the ends of the shoots and so close as to appear opposite, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, at times very obtuse but always much tapered towards the base, 8 to 5in. long, penniveined, with the primary lateral veins rather distant and prominent. Flowers in slender often raceme-like panicles, 2 or 3in. long, in the upper axils, on slender pedicels. Capsules somewhat globose, more than half superior, f to fin. diameter, opening in 8 hard valves, rugose on the back. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, thick, somewhat flattened, 3 or 4 lines diameter, with a thin glossy testa.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft.
Wood of a grey colour, fine in the grain, tough and strong. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 211.
By mistake the wood of this tree is described under Halfordia scleroxylon (No. 52a) in the Catalogue of the Woods sent to the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886.
3. X. oppositifolius (opposite-leaved), 2 ml Add. to 3rd Suppl. Syn. Ql. Flora. Luya’s Hardwood ; Honer, Irontree or Redheart. “ Penda,” Noosa, Luya. A large tree, glabrous except the inflorescence and perhaps the early growth, forming a barrel of 40 to 50ft., with a diameter up to 4ft. Leaves opposite or here and there very rarely alternate ovate-oblong, very obtuse, slightly tapering at the base, 2 to 4in. long, 1 to 2fin. broad, rather thick, on petioles of from L to lin. long, the primary veins rather close and parallel, joining far within the margin, the finer reticulation close and prominent in the dried leaf. Oil-dots small but numerous, hidden to the unassisted eye by the thick texture of the leaf. Peduncles ^ to lin. long in the upper axils, usually bearing a cyme of 3 or 4 pedicellate flowers. Bracts small, falling off from the early inflorescence. No flowers collected. Capsule nearly globular, about |in. diameter, seated on the base of the expanded 4 or o blunt-lobed calyx, opening loculicidally in 3 hard valves, the epicarp usually separating from the endocarp in each valve, the placenta prominent and spuriously dividing the cells. Seeds numerous, flatly compressed.
Hab.: Noosa.
This species has the fruiCof -V. clirysanthus, and principally differs from that species in the position and form of foliage. Mr. A. F. Luya, from whom I received specimens of the tree, said that “ the wood is indestructible except by fire, and is suitable for all kinds of bridge- building, for piles, girders, headstocks, Ac., or in fact any work where great strength and durability are essential.”
21. BACKHOUSIA, Hook, and Harv.
(After James Backhouse.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or broadly campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4, almost petal-like or scarious, persistent. Petals 4, shorter than or scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes, usually persistent. Stamens indefinite, free, in several series ; anthers versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary in the bottom of the calyx-tube, inferior or half superior, 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell, recurved or pendulous, attached either in 2 rows to an axile placenta, or to a placenta pendulous from the apex of the cell ; style filiform, with a small stigma. Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx-tube or protruding from it, apparently indehiscent or separating into 2 cocci. Seeds obovoid or cuneate ; embryo straight, cotyledons (where known) conduplicate and longer than the radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers in cymes sometimes reduced to heads or in umbels, on axillary peduncles often forming terminal leafy panicles. Bracts very deciduous.
The genus is confined to Australia, and may be considered in some measure as connecting the true Myrteee with the Leptospermecc, but is readily known by the calyx, ovary, and fruit. — Benth.
Rarkhousia . J
LI. MYRTACEflB.
643
Cymes dense, corymbose. Pedicels shorter than the calyx-tube.
Leaves ovate-acuminate. Calyx-lobes nearly equal 1. B. myrtifolia.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear. Inner calyx-lobes large and petal-like 2. B. angustifolia.
Cymes umbel-like. Pedicels filiform, many times longer than the calyx- tube.
Leaves ovate-obtuse. Placentas axile 3. B. sciadogdiora.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Placentas pendulous from the summit
of the cell 4. B. citriodora.
Leaves ovate-oblong near the inflorescence, 2 to 4in. long, to 2in. broad.
Calyx broadly-turbinate, ribbed. Petals 5, slightly larger than the
calyx-lobes 5. B. Bancroftii.
1. B. myrtifolia (Myrtle-leaved), Hook, and Harr, in Bot. May. t. 4133 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 269. A slender tree or tall shrub, the young shoots and the under side of the leaves and the inflorescence more or less pubescent or softly hirsute, the older foliage glabrous. Leaves ovate, acutely acuminate, penniveined, 1 to 2in. long, narrowed into a petiole of 1 to 2 lines. Flowers white, in small cymes sometimes contracted into heads, on peduncles of f to lin. at the base of the new shoots, forming terminal leafy panicles. Bracts narrow, falling off long before flowering. Calyx-tube turbinate, softly pubescent or rarely glabrous, nearly li line long; lobes, usually 5, from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, petal-like but rigid, 2 lines or in large-flowered forms 3 lines long. Petals not half so long, often 5. Ovary inferior, slightly convex and villous on the top ; ovules 8 to 10 in each cell, campylotropous, attached in two rows to a somewhat thickened placenta adnate to the axis. Fruit enclosed in the calyx- tube, but not seen ripe. — F. v. M. Fragm. i. 78 ; B. riparia, Hook, in Bot. Mag. under n. 4133.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; Pine River, Fitzalan
Wood of a light-grey colour, darker in the centre; close-grained, very hard, and tough ; useful for tool-handles. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. JVnods No. 212.
2. B. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 79; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 270. A tall shrub or small tree, the young shoots and inflorescence minutely hoary-pubescent or tomentose, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves lanceolate or narrow-oblong, obtuse or mucronate, very obliquely penniveined, 1 to lfin. long. Flowers rather small, in cymes or heads of 3 to 9 each, on peduncles of |in. or less in the upper axils, forming a divaricate leafy panicle. Calyx-tube turbinate, ribbed, pubescent, about 1 line long, outer lobes orbicular, as long as the tube, inner ones much larger and petal-like. Petals shorter than the inner calyx-lobes. Outer stamens above 2 lines long. Ovary inferior, convex and pubescent on the top ; ovules about six in each cell, campylotropous, and attached in two rows to an axile placenta as in R. myrtifolia.
Hab.: Dawson River and Bunya Mountains.
3. B. sciadophora (flowers in umbels), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 26, 171 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 270. A tree, either glabrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, 1 to 2|in. long, on short petioles. Flowers small, numerous, in umbel-like cymes or clusters on a common peduncle of k to fin. in the upper axils, the slender pedicels often Mn. long. Calyx-tube glabrous, broadly campanulate, about 1 line long ; outer lobes rounded and rather shorter, the inner ones rather longer than the tube. Petals broad, slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens about 2 lines long. Ovary semiadnate to the bottom of the calyx, the convex top slightly pubescent ; ovules 4 to 6 in each cell, campylotropous, attached in two rows to an axile placenta. Capsule filling the calyx-tube, flat-topped, apparently indehiscent but readily separable into two cocci.
Hab.; Rockhampton, Thazet , with small leaves.
644
LI. MYRTACE^E.
f Barkhonsia.
4. B. citriodora (Citron-scented), F. v. M. Fratjm. i. 78; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 270. Sweet Verbena tree. A large tree, the young shoots, under side of the leaves and inflorescence hoary-tomentose or at length glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous above, 8 to 5in. long, on petioles of i to Ain. or more. Flowers small, numerous in umbel-like clusters on peduncles of lin. or more in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches, the slender pedicels above Ain. long. Calyx-tube pubescent, broadly campanulate, about 1 line long, outer lobes broad and scarcely longer than the tube, inner ones longer and narrowed at the base. Petals shorter than the calyx, but not seen expanded. Ovary in the bottom of the calyx, semiadnate with a conical top, very rarely with a third cell ; ovules about 6 to 8 in each cell, pendulous from a cuneate placenta suspended from the summit of the cell. After flowering the summit of the ovary protrudes much from the calyx, and shows no sign of splitting, but the ripe fruit not seen.
Hab : Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. v. Mueller ; North Coast Railway.
Notwithstanding the difference in the placentation, this speeies cannot well be generically separated from the preceding one. — Benth.
Wood of a light-pink colour, close-grained, and hard. — Bailey's Cal. Ql. Woods Xo. 213.
5. B. Bancroftii (after Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft), Bail, and F. r. M. in Cat. Ql. Woods 1886. -Johnstone River Hardwood. “ Kara,” Johnstone River, It. Y. Hard ivy. A tall tree with a persistent, thin, somewhat scaly bark ; the branchlets angular. Leaves penninerved, opposite, ovate-lanceolate, or those nearest to the inflorescence smaller and ovate-oblong, 2 to 4in. long, 1J to nearly 2in. broad, very obtuse or shortly acuminate, tapering at the base to a petiole of about 3 lines ; midrib and primary veins prominent, the latter looping far within the margin. Inflorescence terminal or in the upper axils, in tricliotomous panicles, the common peduncle slender, about 2in. long, bearing 8 to 5 pedicellate flowers at the end of the branches ; pedicels slender, about 4 lines long. Calyx- tube broadly turbinate, strongly ribbed and slightly pubescent, scarcely 2 lines long ; lobes 5, unequal, broad and rounded, much imbricated, with more or less of a scarious margin, marked with prominent veins, persistent and enlarging somewhat after flowering. Petals 5, orbicular, much crumpled and very deciduous, slightly larger than the calyx-lobes. Stamens free, numerous, inserted on a raised prominent ring, inflexed in the bud. Ovary broad, slightly sunk in the flower but becoming more or less superior as it advances towards maturity, 2 rarely 3-celled, with about 6 ovules in each cell, the subulate style rather long and persistent. Fruit a dry capsule, free except its broad base, oval, nearly Ain. long, 2 or 3-celled, 3 seeds in each cell.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. T. L. Bancroft.
Wood of a light-grey colour, hard, close-grained, something like the Teak ; a useful building- timber, rather darker towards the centre in large trees, splits freely and straight. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 212b.
If exposed to the weather soon decays.— G. Y. Hardiny.
22. OSBORNIA, F. v. M.
(After -John Walter Osborne.)
Calyx-tube turbinate, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 8, nearly equal, persistent. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, free, in 2 or 3 series, scarcely exceeding the calyx-lobes ; filaments filiform ; anthers small, versatile, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, imperfectly 2-celled, with several ovules attached to a basal placenta or short dissepiment ; style subulate, rather thick, with a small stigma. Fruit adnate to and included in the scarcely enlarged calyx-tube, and crowned by the persistent lobes, apparently dry and indehiscent. Seeds 1 or 2, obovoid, with a thin testa ; embryo straight, with thick flattened or
C ) sharin' a.]
LI. MYRTACE.B.
645
hemispherical cotyledons longer than the radicle. — Shrub. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils or terminal and three together. Bracteoles deciduous.
The genus is limited to the single Australian species, and shows no immediate affinity to any other one. except in some measure to Backhousia. — Benth.
1. O. octodonta (calyx-teeth eight), F. r. M. Fratjm. iii. 81 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 271. A bushy shrub, glabrous except the flowers. Leaves obovate- oblong, very obtuse, f to l^in. long, much narrowed into a very short petiole, thickened at the base, and leaving a contraction at the nodes when they fall off. Flowers sessile, solitary in the axils between 2 concave deciduous tomentose bracteoles, or 3 together at the ends of the branches. Calyx white with a close tomentum or short down, tube narrow, 2 to 2| lines long ; lobes shorter, oblong, very obtuse, much imbricate in the bud. Fruit apparently dry, but not hard.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria ; Trinity Bay ; amongst the mangroves along the tropical coast.
Wood of a dark colour, close in grain, and very hard. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 213a.
23. -PSIDIUM, Linn.
(From the Greek name of the Pomegranate.)
Calyx urceolate or obovate ; limb undivided in (estivation, separating valvately into 4 to 5 lobes when in flower. Petals 4 or 5, free. Stamens numerous.
Ovary 2 or more celled, with many ovules in each cell. Berry many-seeded. Seeds with hard testa ; embryo curved, radicle long, cotyledons short. — Trees or shrubs with opposite entire leaves, and often large white flowers.
1. P. guyava, Linn.; Benth. FI. Hongk.; Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 468. The Large Guava. A small tree with tetragonal pubescent branches. Bark thin, peeling off in thin flakes. Leaves on short petioles, ovate or oblong, 3 to 6in. long, nearly glabrous above, pubescent beneath, with the principal nerves prominent. Peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flowered ; buds ovoid in the adnate part, the free part also ovoid, but larger and more or less pointed. Petals broad. Fruit globose or pear-shaped.
Hab.: Naturalised in many Queensland scrubs ; very abundant in the Mackay district, H. L. Griffith.
This tree is also naturalised in India. According to Gamble, the bark is used as an astringent medicine and (or the leaves) for dyeing in Assam; and the wood, which weighs from 44 to 471b. per cubic foot, is used for wood-engraving and for tool-handles.
24. RHODOMYRTUS, DC.
(Rose-myrtles.)
Calyx-tube turbinate, oblong or nearly globular, scarcely or not at all produced above the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous in several series, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile or attached near the base, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary really 1, 2, or 3-celled, with several ovules in 2 rows in each cell, but owing to spurious dissepiments interposed between the ovules, appearing either 2, 4, or 6-celled or divided into numerous 1-ovulatcd cells superposed in 2, 4, or 6 rows ; style fili- form, with the stigma usually peltate. Fruit a berry or almost a drupe, globular, ovoid, or cylindrical, divided into 1-seeded cells or nuts superposed in 2 to 6 or almost in a single row. Seeds compressed, reniform, or nearly orbicular, with a hard testa ; embryo horseshoe-shaped or ring-shaped, with a long radicle and very small cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs more or less tomentose or villous.
646
LT. MYRTACE.E.
[Rhodomyrtus.
Leaves opposite, penniveined or triplinerved. Peduncles axillary, bearing 1 or 3 or rarely a raceme or cyme of 5 or more flowers, pink or white. Bracts small, or when the peduncles are several-flowered the lowest sometimes leaf-like. Bracteoles small and deciduous.
Besides the Australian species, there is one which is widely distributed over the Indian Archipelago, extending to S. China, but which has not yet been detected in Australia. The genus is nearly allied to Myrtus, and still nearer to some Psidium, but appears to be sufficiently characterised by the ovary and fruit to be distinguished from both. — Benth .
Leaves penniveined. Flowers rather large (3, 5, or 7). Ovules and seeds in
6 rows 1. R. psidioides.
Leaves prominently triplinerved. Flowers small (usually 3). Ovules and seeds in 4 rows 2. R. trineura.
Leaves penniveined, but with an intramarginal vein often prominent, so as
to be almost triplinerved. .
Flowers small in a loose dichotomous cyme. Ovules and seeds in 4 or G
rows 3. R. cymiflora.
Flowers rather large (1, 3, or 5). Ovules in 2 rows. Fruit long, cylin- drical, with the seeds in 1 or 2 rows 4. R. macrocarpa.
1. XL. psidioides (Guava-like), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 272. A tree attaining sometimes a great size, the young shoots more or less hoary-pubescent ; the older foliage glabrous. Leaves petiolate, from oval-elliptical to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, mostly 3 to 4in. long, shining above, penniveined and prominently reticulate on both sides, the margins usually recurved. Peduncles axillary, rarely 1-flowered, mostly with 1, 2, or 3 pairs of pedicels besides the terminal one, the lowest often again 3-flowered, the pedicels all articulate below the calyx. Calyx-tube hoary-tomentose, thick, fully 2 lines long ; lobes 5 or rarely 4, shorter than the tube, ovate, the inner ones rather larger and thinner than the outer. Petals about 3 lines long. Stigma broadly peltate. Berry ovoid-globular, yellow, soft-juicy, size of a pigeon’s egg. Ovules and seeds superposed in 6 rows. — Nelitris psidioides, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 829 ; Myrtus Tozerii, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 86 t. 13.
Hab.: Brisbane River and other southern scrubs.
Wood light-coloured, close-grained, and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 214.
2. R. trineura (leaves three-nerved), F. v. M.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 272. A small tree, the young shoots more or less velvety-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, li to 2-J-in. long, triplinerved, much reticulate, glabrous above, loosely pubescent or tomentose underneath. Flowers usually 3 together, sessile in the axils, or borne on a short common peduncle. Calyx-tube tomentose-villous, above 1 line long ; lobes 5, as long as the tube. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes, minutely pubescent or glabrous. Berry globular, villous, about 3 lines diameter. Ovules and seeds superposed in 4 (or some- times 6?) rows. — Myrtus trineura, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 117.
Hab.: Gould Island ; wooded shores of Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; Bellenden Ker Ranges.
3. It. cymiflora (flowers in cymes), F. v. M.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 273. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves. ovate-elliptical, shortly and obtusely acuminate, narrowed into a short petiole, finely and rather distantly penniveined, the veins united in a nerve much within the margin, and more prominent towards the base of the leaf, which thus appears almost triplinerved. Flowers several but not numerous, in loose dichotomous cymes, axillary, pedunculate, and sometimes exceeding the leaves. Calyx-tube turbinate or almost globular, above 1 line diameter; lobes 5, broad, shorter than the tube. Petals fully 2 lines diameter. Ovules superposed in 6 or rarely 4 rows. Fruit only seen young. — Myrtus cymi- flora, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 12.
Hab.: Seaview Range, Rockingham Bay, and Mount Graham. J. Dallachy.
Rhodomyrtus.]
LI. MYRTACEj®.
647
4. R. macrocarpa (long-fruited), Benth. FI. Amtr. iii. 273. Cooktown Loquat. A tall shrub, the young branches and inflorescence hoary with a close tomentum. Leaves petiolate, oval- elliptical or obovate, obtuse or shortly acumi- nate, often 6 to lOin. long, penniveined and reticulate, glabrous or minutely pubescent underneath. Peduncles in the upper axils short, bearing either 1 or 3 flowers, or a short compact leafy raceme. Calyx-tube cylindrical ; lobes 5, unequal. Petals tardily expanding. Style large, peltate. Ovules usually super- posed in 2 rows on a parietal placenta protruding between the rows (the ovary reduced to a single cell). Fruit cylindrical, f to ljin. long, often torulose when dry. Seeds large, superposed usually in a single row, or very rarely the two rows perfect, and separated by firm partitions, the fruit then shorter and broader.
Hab.: Common in the tropical scrubs.
The fruit is sometimes infested with a fungus blight, Glceosporium periculosum, which has been supposed to cause blindness and death to those who have eaten freely of the diseased fruit.
Wood of a light-grey colour, hard, and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. I Foods No. 216.
25. MYRTUS, Linn.
(Supposed from myron, signifying perfume.)
Calyx-tube turbinate, scarcely or not at all produced above the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5, small, usually persistent. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, or attached near the base, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary completely 2 or 3-celled, or imperfectly so, the dissepiments not quite reaching to the summit, with several ovules in each cell attached without order, or in 2 rows to an axile placenta either scarcely prominent or divided into 2 lamella ; style filiform, with a small or rarely capitate stigma. Fruit a berry, globular or rarely ovoid, with few or rather numerous seeds not distinctly superposed in rows. Seeds more or less reniform, or almost circular, the testa hard or crustaceous, rarely membranous ; embryo curved, horseshoe-shaped, circular or spirally involute, with a long radicle ; coty- ledons very small, or rarely larger and folded. — Shrubs or rarely trees, glabrous or rarely pubescent or silky. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Peduncles axillary, usually slender, 1-flowered or with several flowers in a centrifugal cyme, assuming, in the Australian several-flowered species, the form of a 5 or 7-flowered raceme, with a terminal flower sessile or on a shorter pedicel than the others. Bracteoles small and usually deciduous.
The genus is rather numerous in extratropical S. America and the Andes, extending more sparingly to other parts of S. America, to Mexico, and the W. Indies. There are also several New Zealand species, and one widely spread over S. Europe and W. Asia, besides the Australian ones, which are all endemic. There is no positive character to separate it from Eugenia, except the embryo, and the 1-flowered species of the two genera are not very dissimilar in foliage. Gener- ally speaking, however, the Myrtles have smaller leaves, a more simple inflorescence, and more
generally 5-merous flowers than the Eugenias of the Old World. — Benth.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, slender, 1-flowered.
Calyx-limb shortly and broadly sinuate-lobed. Ovary 3-celled ... 1. M. rhytisperma.
Calyx-limb divided to the base into 5 lobes.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, hoary underneath. Ovary 2-celled . . 2. M tenuifolia.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous.
Branchlets angular. Calyx slightly pubescent. Ovary 2-celled . 3. M. gonoclada. Branchlets hoary. Calyx hoary-pubescent, 1 line or less long,
semirotund. Fruit 3-celled 4. M. lasioclada.
Branchlets terete. Calyx hoary-pubescent. Ovary 2-celled, with
many ovules 5. ill. Hillii.
Branchlets terete. Calyx glabrous. Ovary 3-celled, with few
ovules in each cell 6 . M. Becklerii.
Peduncles clustered in each axil, or bearing 3 or more flowers. Ovary 2-celled.
Calyx 5-lobed, glabrous.
Leaves very shining, usually acuminate. Flowers numerous.
Pedicels usually in pairs in the racemes. Ovules few ... 7. M. Bidwillii,
Part II. Y
LI. MYRTACE/E.
[Myrtus.
648
Leaves scarcely shining. Veins oblique and irregular. Pedicels
slender, solitary along the raceme. Ovules numerous 8. HI. raccmulosa.
Leaves scarcely shining, acuminate. Veins diverging and regular.
Pedicels short, clustered on a very short common peduncle ... 9. HI. acvienioides.
Calyx 4-lobed, pubescent 10. HI. fragrantisnma.
Calyx 4 or 5-lobed. Ovary 3-celled 11. M. Shepherdi.
Small tree. Peduncles sometimes solitary, oftentimes crowded. Fruit
3 lines diameter, 1-seeded 12. HI. nitida.
Lofty tree. Fruit in stout, short racemes, globular, 5 lines diameter,
1-seeded 13. ,1/. exaltatu.
Mountain species. Branchlets silky-hairy. Leaves ovate-acuminate,
lin. long, prominently oil-dotted 14. HI. metrosideros.
1. XVI. rhytisperma (seeds wrinkled), F. v. M. Fraym. i. 77 ; Bentli. FI.
Amtr. iii. 274. A shrub or small tree, the young shoots slightly pubescent, the older foliage glabrous. Leaves oblong-elliptical or oval-oblong, obtuse, f to l^in. (or sometimes, according to F. r. Mueller, 4in.) long, narrowed or rounded at the base, finely penniveined, green on both sides. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, slender, nearly as long as the leaves, with minute bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx glabrous or nearly so ; tube turbinate, 1| to 2 lines long ; lobes 5, short, broad, rounded, connate into a broad sinuate limb. Petals 5. Ovary imperfectly 8-eelled, the dissepiments not reaching the axis in the upper part ; ovules 5 or 6 in each cell ; stigma peltate. Berry 4 to 5 lines diameter, dark-purple, sweet. Seeds few, above 2 lines broad ; testa not hard, slightly granular-rugose. Embryo long, more or less involute, with very short cotyledons.
Hab.: Wide Bay, C. Moore ; Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; in the interior, Leichhardt ; and Rockingham Bay, F. v. Mueller.
Var. grandifolia. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, l£in. long. Flowers larger.
2. 1VI. tenuifolia (leaves thin), Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 280 ; Bentli. FI. Amtr. iii. 274. A small elegant spreading shrub, the young shoots more or less silky. Leaves from linear-lanceolate to ovate -lanceolate, obscurely penniveined, flat or with recurved margins, rarely exceeding lin., glabrous above, hoary or silky- white underneath. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, slender, shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles small, close under the calyx. Calyx-tube tomentose, rather broad, about f line long ; lobes 5, broad, obtuse, nearly equal, rather longer than the tube. Petals 5, ovate-orbicular, about 2 lines long. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules rather numerous in each cell on a 2-lobed placenta. Seeds not numerous, testa hard, embryo semicircular, narrow, with 2 small cotyledons.
Hab : Moreton Island, Backhouse ; common on damp coastal land in southern localities.
The fruit makes a good preserve.
8. IVI. gonoclada (branchlets angular), F. v. M. Herb.; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 2 75. A tree, attaining about 25ft., quite glabrous, except sometimes the calyx, the young branches often marked with raised lines decurrent from the leaves. Leaves ovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, narrowed at the base, smooth and shining, with an intramarginal vein as in J\I. acmenioides, but the veins less numerous. Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, axillary or below the leaves on the young shoot, slightly thickened at the end, articulate, with a pair of minute bracts under the calyx. Calyx-tube turbinate, glabrous or minutely hoary ; lobes 5, nearly equal, much shorter than the tube. Petals 5, about 1^ line diameter, minutely pubescent-ciliate. Ovary 2-celled, pubescent at the top ; ovules rather numerous, on a peltate 2-lobed placenta.
Hab.. Moreton Bay, C. Stuart.
This is very much like the European HI. communis , but at once distinguished by the 2-celled ovary. — Bentli.
4. lasioclada (branchlets velvety), F. v. M. Fraym. ix. 148. A shrub with the branchlets and inflorescence hoary pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat thick chartaceous, 2 to Sin. long, oil-dots crowded, both
Myrtus.}
LI. MYRTACEjE.
649
sides glossy ; petioles conspicuous. Bracteoles at tbe apex of the pedicels fugacious. Pedicelsaxillary, solitary. Calyx-tube 1^ line; lobes semi-ovate or semi-rotund, about 1 line. Petals glabrous on the back. Filaments scarcely exceeding 1 line ; anthers cordate-rotund. Style capillary ; stigma slightly dilated. Fruit 3-celled, crowned by the calyx-lobes.
Hab.: Bellenden Ker Ranges, JV. Hill (F. v. M. l.c.)
5. IYE. Hillii (after Walter Hill), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 275. Scrub Ironwoo of southern localities. “ Kalaara,” and “ Mangoor,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. A shrub or small tree, glabrous except the flowers, the brancblets terete. Leaves ovate, acuminate, narrowed into a short petiole, 1 to 2in. long, very smooth and shining, penniveined, with the veins irregularly confluent into an intramarginal one. Pedicels axillary, slender, \ to fin. long, solitary or 2 or 8 together on a very short common peduncle. Calyx tomentose-pubescent ; tube nearly globular, under 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, rounded, slightly unequal and rather longer than the tube. Petals 5, 2J lines long, pubescent and ciliate. Ovary pubescent on the top, very fleshy, 2-celled, with about 16 to 20 ovules in each cell. Fruit nearly globular, crowned by the spreading or reflexed calyx-lobes, hut not seen ripe. Seeds several.
Hab.: Many of the southern river scrubs.
Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, and very hard; warps in drying — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 217.
6. 1VI. Becklerii (after Dr. Beckler), F. v. M. Fraym. ii. 85 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 275. A tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, 1 to 2in. long, rather thick, penniveined or obscurely triplinerved, the lateral nerves scarcely conspicuous. Peduncles solitary, axillary, filiform, rarely above -|in. long, with very minute bracteoles a short distance from the flowers. Calyx glabrous ; lobes 5, short and broad. Petals white, ovate, about 3 lines long. Ovary 3-celled, with 8 to 10 ovules in each cell in 2 rows; stigma slightly peltate. Fruit globular, about 2 lines diameter. Seeds several, flat, nearly orbicular, the testa minutely granulate- reticulate.
Hab.: Southern scrubs.
7. M. Bidwillii (after J. C. Bidwill), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 2/5. A shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves broadly ovate but usually contracted into a long lanceolate obtuse point, cuneate at the base, on a short broad petiole, 2 to 3in. long, finely and distantly penniveined, coriaceous and very smooth and shining. Flowers much more numerous than in M. racemulosa, in short loose racemes, clustered in the axils, the pedicels generally in opposite pairs along the rhachis, with a cluster of 5 at the end. Calyx-tube short ; lobes 5 or rarely 4, spreading to a little more than 1 line diameter. Petals usually 5, sometimes 4 or 6, line diameter, minutely ciliolate. Stamens much more numerous than in M. racemulosa, and covering half the radius of the flat disk. Ovary completely 2- celled, with a small cluster of ovules in each cell.
Hab.: Wide Bay, Bidwill.
Some specimens of Dallachy’s, from Port Denison, with less acuminate leaves, appear to belong to the same species, But are in bud only. — Benth.
8. WE. racemulosa (inflorescence sometimes racemose), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 276. A small tree with a smooth grey bark, quite glabrous, tbe brancblets terete or slightly flattened. Leaves ovate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rounded or scarcely cuneate at the base, 1£ to 2iin. long, penniveined, with a few of the veins more prominent, the lower ones very oblique, and the lowest pair sometimes forming an intramarginal one nearly to the end. Pedicels slender, usually 5 or 7
LI. MYRTACEjE.
[Myrtus.
650
in a loose axillary raceme, not exceeding the leaves, the terminal one short, the lateral ones longer, solitary and opposite, and sometimes 2 racemes in each axil. Bracteoles minute, close under the flower. Calyx glabrous ; tube somewhat turbinate, under 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, about as long as the tube. Petals 5, white, ciliate, fully twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens numei’ous, as in all Myrti, but occupying only the margin of the disk. Ovary 2-celled, with 12 to 16 ovules in each cell, on a broad placenta, the dissepiments scarcely complete to the top. Fruit globular, about 2 lines diameter, crowned by the calyx-limb. Seeds 1 or 2 or sometimes as many as 25, nearly globular or reniform ; testa hard. Embryo very long, irregularly twisted or doubly folded or involute, the radicular end thickened, the cotyledons very small.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brawn; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy.
Wood of a close grain, tough ; warps in drying. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 217a.
Var. conferta. Racemes short, almost reduced to the clusters of ,1/. acmenioides, but the venation of the leaves as in M. racemulosa. —Port Denison, Fitzalan.
9. JVC. acmenioides (Acmena-like), F. v. M. Frayrn. i. 77; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 276. A tree of 20 to 40ft., quite glabrous, with a reddish bark. Leaves ovate, acuminate, narrowed into a short petiole, 1^ to nearly 3in. long, scarcely shining, finely penniveined, with the veins much more regular and diverging than in M. racemulosa, confluent in a fine intramarginal one. Pedicels rather firm, 3 to 4 lines long, usually several together in the axils or at the old nodes, in a cluster or short raceme, on a very short common peduncle. Bracteoles minute, deciduous, close under the flower. Calyx-tube broad, about 1 line long ; lobes 5, broad, obtuse, shorter than the tube, all equal or the inner one larger with petal-like margins. Petals 5, more or less ciliate, the outermost about 2 lines diameter, the others rather smaller. Stamens scarcely any longer than the petals. Ovary 2-celled, with about 12 to 16 ovules in each cell on a 2-lobed placenta. Fruit about 2 lines diameter, usually crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds few and some- times only one, globular, reniform or hemispherical ; testa hard, smooth and shining. Embryo long, spirally involute, the radicular end thickened; cotyledons very small.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, Wide Bay, and Rockhampton
10. 1VI. fragrantissima (very fragrant), F. c. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 277. A' shrub or tree, the young shoots slightly hoary. Leaves very shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, 1 to 2in. long, glabrous, penniveined, without any intramarginal vein. Flowers small, few, in short pedunculate axillary racemes, with the terminal one sessile, or the pedicels solitary and l-flotvered at the base of the shoots. Flowers smaller than in the other species and apparently all 4-merous. Calyx pubescent, the tube nearly globular, about 1 line diameter ; lobes 4, rather shorter than the tube. Petals 4, twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with rather numerous ovules crowded on the small placenta; stigma small. Fruit not seen.
Hab.: Southern localities.
The seed being unknown, the genus of this plant must be uncertain, but, notwithstanding its 4-merous flowers, it has in other respects much more the aspect of a Myrtus than of a Eugenia. — Benth.
11. ME. Shepherdi (after T. Shepherd), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 148. A glabrous shrubby plant, the branchlets somewhat terete. Leaves coriaceous, broad or orbicular-ovate, obtuse-acuminate, 2 to 3in. long, 1J to 2in. broad, green and glossy on both sides, cuneate at the base, thinly and distantly penniveined ; petioles shortish. Peduncles axillary, almost lin. long or sometimes wanting ; pedicels 6 to 12 lines long. Bracteoles at the top subulate, minute, at length deciduous. Calyx-lobes 5 or 4, unequal, and like the petals silky on the inside,
651
Myrtus.] LI. MYRTACE^E.
roundish, 1 to 1^ line broad. Petals 2 to 3 lines long, almost round, glabrous outside. Stamens about as long as the corolla ; anthers renate-rotund. Style somewhat short, setaceous ; stigma very small ; ovary 2-celled.— F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy (F. v. M.)
12. nitida (leaves shining), J. F. Gviel. Syst. 792; Britten in Jour n. of Bot. xxxvii. 278. A glabrous tree. Leaves attaining a length of 3in. and a breadth of lAin . ; petioles short, mostly ovate-lanceolate, bluntly protracted at the point, the base cuneate, margins somewhat undulate, upper surface dark-green and shining, less so on the under surface ; primary veins rather distant, moderately prominent, oil-dots copious. Pedicels attaining lin. in length, capillary, few or. several in the axils, some on compressed thin peduncles. Flowers hardly exceeding 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes 4, semiovate or semiorbicular, and conspicuously ciliolate. Petals almost glabrous, as long again as the calyx- lobes. Anthers orbicular or cordate- ovate, brownish. Disk glabrous. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit nearly globular, about 4 lines diameter, usually 1 -seeded ; pericarp very thin, seed almost globular, nearly 3 lines diameter, testa smooth, shining, cartilaginous ; embryo forming only 1 coil, but at one end somewhat protruding beyond the curvature. — Myrtus wonosperma, Yict. Nat. May 1892 ; Syzgium tuciilens, Gsert. Fruct. i. 167, t. xxxiii.; Eugenia lucida, Banks (and Sol.) according to J. Britten l.c.
Hab.: Endeavour River, IF. Persich.
Sap said to be extremely acrid. — F. v. M. l.c
13. M. exaltata (lofty growth), Bait. Bot. Bull. viii. A tree of from 80 to 100ft. in height, furnishing a good timber. Bark on the branchlets loose, brownish. Leaves glossy, irregularly opposite or alternate, ovate with often long tail-like points, 2 to 3in. long, ljin. broad, on rather slender petioles of about 3 lines, the primary veins very slender, numerous, parallel, oblique, joining in an intramarginal one more or less distant from the edge, the intermediate veinlets few and distant. Oil-dots minute. No flowers seen. Fruit in short, stout racemes in the upper axils, globular, about 5 lines diameter, of a pink colour and fleshy consistence, containing so far as could be observed (the fruit being in bad condition) but a solitary seed.
Hab.: Scrubs about the Barron River.
The fruit used for jam-making. — E. Cowley.
14. metrosideros (Metrosideros-like), Bail. 3rd S-uppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 27. Tree 30 or 40ft. high, trunk often crooked, 1 to 14ft. diameter, bark thick and loose on the outside ; head spreading and foliage very dense ; branchlets and leaf petioles silky-hairy. Leaves ovate, with long acuminate points, mostly under lin. long, glabrous except while very young, coriaceous, the midrib alone showing, glossy on the upper, pale and closely dotted with minute dots on the under side ; petioles 2 lines long.
Hab.: This and the Leptospermum wooroonooran are the only two large trees on the south peak of Bellenden Ker. No flowers or fruit have been obtained. I have placed it under Myrtus, but it strongly reminds one of some of the New Zealand Metrosideros.
26. RHODAMNIA, Jack.
(Rose-like.)
(Monoxora, Wight.)
Calyx-tube ovoid or nearly globular, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, usually persistent. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells, opening longi- tudinally. Ovary 1 -colled, with 2 parietal placentas, each with several ovules ;
652
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Rhodamnia.
style filiform ; stigma usually peltate. Berry globular, usually crowned by the calyx-limb. Seeds usually few, reniform-globular or variously compressed ; testa hard; embryo horseshoe-shaped, with a long radicle and very small cotyledons. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved or triplinerved. Flowers usually small, the pedicels clustered in the axils or forming very short racemes. Bracteoles small, deciduous.
The genus is spread over tropical Asia, and comprises about a dozen published species, some of which, however, will probably be reduced on a careful scrutiny. The 4 Australian ones appear to be endemic, although it is possible, when better known, that 2 of them may prove to be extreme forms of the most widely spread among the Asiatic ones. The 1-celled ovary, with parietal placenta, readily distinguishes the genus from all other Myrtea, and the 3-nerved leaves are only in this genus and in Rhodomyrtus. — Benth.
Flowers sessile in the axils. Leaves acuminate, mostly above 3in. long . . 1. if. sessiliflora.
Flowers in pedunculate cymes. Leaves mostly under 3in. long.
Leaves acuminate, 3-nerved, pubescent underneath, but not white. Calyx glabrous or pubescent 2. if. trinervia.
Leaves obtuse, triplinerved, shining above, white underneath. Calyx
very tomentose 3. if. argentea.
Leaves on somewhat long petioles, the under side at first densely ferruginous-
tomentose. Calyx-lobes reflexed on the fruit 4. if. Blairiana.
1. It. sessiliflora (flowers stalkless), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 277. “ Koorka-
bidgan,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. Medium-sized tree ; branches tomentose- pubescent. Leaves ovate, acuminate, mostly 3 to7in. long, 3^in. broad, glabrous above, more or less tomentose-pubescent underneath, especially on the nerves, triplinerved and reticulate. Flowers small, usually 8 together, sessile in the axils. Bracteoles small, linear, deciduous. Calyx densely tomentose-pubescent, about 1 line long ; lobes orbicular or ovate, obtuse, unequal, the largest about 1 line diameter. Petals line diameter. Stamens rather longer. Ovules numerous, in 3 or 4 irregular rows on each placenta. Berry small, globular, pubescent, with 1 to 4 or from that to 16 seeds, almost 1£ line long, the calyx- lobes deciduous.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
Evidently nearly allied to the common R. spectabilis, Blume, but at once distinguished by the sessile flowers and fruits. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 218a.
2. R. trinervia (3-nerved leaves), Blume Mus. Bot. i. 79 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 278. A tree of medium size, with a lamellar reddish bark, the young shoots, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence more or less velvety-pubescent, but not white. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous and much reticulate above, prominently 3-nerved from the base. Peduncles slender, axillary, 3 together in a cluster or on a short common peduncle, each with 1 or rarely 3 flowers, with minute bracteoles under the calyx. Calyx pubescent or nearly glabrous ; tube about 1 line long ; lobes nearly as long. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens shorter than the petals. Stigma small. Berry globular, about 3 lines diameter or rather more, with few or with rather numerous seeds. — Myrtus trinervia, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 280; Euyenia (!) trinervia, DC. Prod. iii. 279 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3223 ; Monoxora rubescens, Benth. in Hook. , Lond. Journ. ii. 219 ; Myrtus melastomoides, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 76.
Hab.: Damp woods, Moreton Bay, and in the interior, A. Cunningham, Fraser, W. Hill.
Wood brown, close-grained, tou^h, strong and durable ; useful for house-building and many other purposes. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 219.
Var. spongiosa. This northern tree differs from the ordinary forms met with in being glabrous except the inflorescence, and in the smaller branches bearing a more or less thick, white, spongy clothing. In an early stage of growth this is covered by a reddish brittle bark, which cracks off early, exposing the spongy matter. Hab.: Tringilburra Creek, Bellenden Ker Expedition ; Barron River, E. Cowley.
Rhodamnia.']
LI. MYRTACEiE.
653
3. It. argentea (silvery on under side of leaf), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 278. A tall tree, the young shoots, under side of the leaves and inflorescence more or less silvery- white with a close minute tomentum. Leaves oval or elliptical, obtuse, narrowed at the base, triplinerved, with transverse veins and scarcely reticulate, 2 to 3in. long, smooth and shining above. Peduncles axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, 2 to 4 lines long, each bearing either 3 or a trichotomous cyme of 5 to 9 flowers on very short pedicels. Calyx tomentose ; tube about 1 line diameter ; lobes about as long as the tube but rather unequal. Petals slightly tomentose, fully twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens shorter than the petals. Ovules rather numerous to each placenta.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, (a doubtful form with acuminate leaves, longer than as above described, perhaps distinct, but the specimens insufficient). Also among Queensland woods, Exhibition, 1862, IF. Hill.
The species is very near R. cinerea, Jack, from which R. spectabilis, Blume, and several others may prove not to be specifically distinct. — Benth.
Wood dark-brown, close-grained, hard, tough and durable ; a pretty cabinet wood. — Baileg's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 220.
4. R. Blairiana (after Dr. J. Blair), F. v. M. Fraym. ix. 141. An erect slender tree of 70 to 80ft., with a loose fibrous bark. Leaves on rather long petioles, thin coriaceous, 2 to 3in. or more long, 8 to 16 lines broad, obtuse at the base, broad or ovate-lanceolate, upper surface nearly or quite glabrous, under side ferruginous, tomentose on the young growth, nerved like a Zizyphus or Cinnamo- mum. Peduncles none or very short ; pedicels solitary or in twos or threes, Jin. or less long. Bracteoles linear filiform, 1 to 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes 4, alternately round and somewhat acute, about 1J line long. Fruit nearly globose, ferruginous, tomentose, J to fin. long. Seeds 2 or 3 lines long.
Hab.: Mountains about Rockingham Bay.
27. FENZLIA, Endl.
(After Dr. Fenzl.)
Calyx-tube ovoid, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 5, acute, persistent. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series, free ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled with a parietal placenta, or 2-celled with the placentas attached to the dissepiment, with 2 or 3 superposed ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with a small stigma. Drupe ovoid or globular, crowned by the spreading or reflexed calyx-lobes, the epicarp thin, the endocarp thick and bony. Seeds 1 or 2, separately enclosed in the endocarp ; testa thin ; embryo very long, spirally involute, the outer radicular end somewhat thickened, the cotyledons linear, in the centre of the coil. — Shrubs, more or less hoary-tomentose. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers pink, solitary and pedicellate in the axils, with a pair of bracteoles under the calyx.
This genus is limited to the two species endemic in Australia.
Leaves usually glabrous above. Calyx-tube and fruit at length glabrous or
moderately tomentose, ovoid 1 . F. obtusa.
Leaves tomentose on both sides, usually small. Calyx-tube and fruit very tomentose, globular • 2. F. retusa.
1. F. obtusa (leaves obtuse), Endl. Atalcta, 19 t. 17 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 279. A low bushy shrub, the young shoots, inflorescence, and under side of the leaves hoary-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong, very obtuse, mostly f to lin. long, coriaceous, finely penniveined, smooth and shining above. Pedicels sometimes very short, sometimes 3 to 4 lines long, with a pair of subulate brac- eoles under the calyx. Flowers pink. Calyx tomentose, the tube ovoid oblong,
654
LI. MYRTACE^E.
[Fenzlia.
about 1 line long ; lobes narrow lanceolate-subulate, usually longer than the tube and united at the base in a short open limb. Petals obovate, 2 to 3 lines long, pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stamens shorter than the petals. Fruit very hard, ovoid, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous or tomentose. Seeds usually 2 or 3.
Hab.: Shoalwater Bay Passage, Broadsound, &c., R. Brown; Cape York, M'Gillivraij, IF. Hill; islands of Torres Straits, Hutchinson, C. Moore; Rockingham Bay, Dallachi/ ; Russell River, IF. Hill,
Var. microphylla. Leaves 3 to 4 lines long. — Dividing ranges between Thomson and Burdekin Rivers, 5. Sutherland (a small fragment and another in Bowman's collection in Herb. F. Mueller). — Benth.
2. F. retusa (leaves retuse), Endl. Atakta, 20 t. 18 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 279. Very near F. obtnsa, but much more stellate- tomentose. Leaves usually but not always smaller, mostly under -fin. long, in the original specimens narrow and notched at the end, scarcely losing their tomentum on the upper side. Pedicels short. Flowers small. Calyx-tube more globular than in F. obtnsa and densely tomentose, the lobes shorter than the tube. Petals tomentose outside, not so much contracted at the base in our specimens as represented in the plate. Fruit usually almost globular, much smaller than in F. obtnsa, more or less tomentose.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Broivn ; Victoria River, F. v. Mueller.
28. DECASPERMUM, Forst.
(Fruit ten-seeded.)
Calyx-tube campanulate, not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary ; lobes 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series, free ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 4 or 5-celled, with 2 or very few ovules in each cell, and sometimes each cell divided into two by a spurious dissepiment ; style filiform, the stigma in the perfect flowers peltate. Berry globular, crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds few, reniform-globose ; testa hard ; embryo horseshoe-shaped or circular, with a long radicle and short linear cotyledons. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers small, pedicellate in axillary racemes, often forming terminal leafy panicles, occasionally polygamous.
The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia, especially the Indian Archipelago and the Pacific Islands, the Australian species apparently identical with the commonest Asiatic one. It is nearly allied to Myrtus, but readily distinguished by the number of cells to the ovary. — Benth.
1. D. paniculata (flowers paniculate), Knrz. in Journ. Ag. Soc. Beng. xlvi. A shrub or small tree, the young shoots and inflorescence silky-pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2in. long, glabrous above, with fine scarcely conspicuous nearly transverse veins, silky- pubescent underneath or at length glabrous. Flowers smaller than in other Australian Myrtles, the racemes usually shorter or scarcely longer than the leaves, but often forming an elegant leafy panicle. Calyx very silky-pubescent, the tube about i line long, and the lobes about the same length. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes, more or less silky-pubescent. Anthers small, nearly globular. Berry about 2 lines diameter. Seeds few, with a hard tubercular-rugose almost bony testa ; cotyledons nearly one-third the length of the embryo. — Nelitris paniculata, Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 279; Wight, Ic. t. 521; Myrtus elachantha, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 56.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, IF. Hill ; Pine woods. Wide Bay, Bidwill.
Common in the Indian Archipelago up to the Philippine Islands and in the eastern provinces of India to Khasia.
Var. laxiflora. Leaves longer, the veins more or less transverse (only visible in the old leaves). Flowers more numerous, in looser racemes and rather larger, the calyx glabrous or very slightly pubescent. Ovary 5-celled with 5 to 7 ovules in each cell (usually 2 or 3 in the common form). Fruit not seen. Perhaps a distinct species. — Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (Benth.)
LI. MYRTACEiE.
655
29. EUGENIA, Linn.
(After Prince Eugene of Saxony.)
(Jossinia, Comm.; Jambosa, DC.; Syzygium, Gcertn.; Acmena, DC.)
Calyx-tube from globular to narrow-turbinate, not at all or more or less pro- duced above the ovary ; lobes 4, very rarely 5, from large and imbricate to very short and scarcely prominent above the truncate margin. Petals 4, very rarely 5, either free and spreading, or more or less connivent, or connate and falling off in a single calyptra. Stamens numerous, in several series, free or obscurely collected in 4 bundleg ; anthers versatile, usually small, the cells parallel or very rarely divaricate, opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely (in species not Australian) 3-celled, with several ovules in each cell, or only 2 in an American section. Fruit a berry or sometimes almost a drupe, or nearly dry with a fibrous rind. Seeds either solitary and globose, or few and variously-shaped by compres- sion ; testa membranous or cartilaginous ; embryo thick and fleshy, with a very short radicle, the cotyledons either united in an apparently homogeneous mass or more or less separable. — -Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, penniveined. Flowers (in the Australian species) either solitary in the axils or in lateral or terminal trichotomous cymes or panicles.
A most numerous genus, spread over the tropical and subtropical regions both of the New and the Old World. The genus has been variously subdivided into sections or genera by different botanists according to whether they have worked chiefly upon American or upon Asiatic species. The most convenient course, however, appears to be that proposed by Wight, A. Gray, and others, to retain under the genus all Myrtece with fleshy fruits and thick fleshy cotyledons with a very short radicle, except, perhaps, a very few American species with very different floral characters. — Bentli.
Sect. I. Eueug eniae. — Pedicels short, 1-flowered, solitary or 2 toyether in the axils or at the old nodes. Calyx-tube more or less produced above the ovary, the border entire or very shortly sinuate-lobed, or with more prominent but very deciduous lobes. Petals more or less coheriuy in a calyptra, or rarely spreading and separately deciduous.
(This section, more definitely characterised by the inflorescence than by the calyx, comprises only a few of the Old World species but very numerous American ones, and, according to the views of those who have studied chiefly American Myrtacea, should, with other species having a racemose or clustered (not trichotomous or cymose) axillary inflorescence, constitute the whole
genus Eugenia, to the exclusion of Syzygium and Jambosa. — Benth.
Leaves 1 to l^in. long, ovate orbicular or almost rhomboid 1 . E. carissoides.
Leaves 2in. long, broadly ovate. Flowers 2 in each axil. Fruit globose,
torulose 2 ,*E. unijlora.
Sect. II. Syzyg’ium. — Flowers in trichotomous panicles or cymes. Calyx-tube more or less produced above the ovary, the border entire or very shortly sinuately-lobed, or with more prominent but very deciduous lobes. Petals more or less cohering in a calyptra and falling off together, or rarely spreading and separately deciduous.
(These species are all natives of the Old World, although a very few have in some measure become naturalised in some parts of tropical America. The section is often considered as a genus, but there are too many species in which the character derived from the calyx and petals
is doubtful or variable to allow of its being distinctly separable from Jambosa. — Benth.)
Flowers in loose panicles, terminal or in the upper axils.
Panicles corymbose. Petals cohering. Anther-cells divaricate.
Fruit white or purplish, crowned by the circular sear of the calyx-rim 3. E. Smithii. Fruit crimson, globular, ljin. diameter, crowned by the circular scar
of the calyx-rim and minute calyx-teeth 4, E. hemilampra.
Fruit white, round or transversely oval, 1 to 2in. diameter ; circular
scar of the calyx-rim 4 to 8 lines diameter. Seeds lor 2. ... 5. E.kuranda.
Fruit hard, dark, globose, 2 or more inches diameter, crowned by the
wide circular scar of the calyx-rim. Seed solitary 6 . E. gustavioides.
Fruit depressed-globular, £ to lin. diameter, the scar of the calyx-
rim sometimes not prominent 7. E. Ventenatii.
Panicles reduced to a short dense corymb or head. Buds long, slender, and clavate. Stamens very short. Leaves narrow 8 . E. leptantha.
Panicles trichotomous, divaricate. Buds nearly globular. Fruit juicy,
red, roundish or oblong 9. E. Jambolana.
Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers clavate in the bud, 0 to 8
lines long. Stamens £in. long 10. E, carynantha.
656
LI. MYRTACEJL
[Eugenia.
Sect. III. Jambosa,.— Flowers in trichotomous panicles or cymes. Calyx-tube more or less produced above the ovary , prominently lobed ; the lobes usually persistent. Petals free and spreading.
(This section, like Syzyyium , is limited to the Old World, excepting where naturalised from cultivation. — Benth.)
Flowers in divaricate trichotomous cymes or panicles, lateral on the stem.
Fruit oval, usually white, nearly 2in. long II. E. cormiflora.
Flowers on the thick branches, in short stout trichotomously-branched panicles. Calyx-tube white, longitudinally corrugated. Fruit ovoid,
3Jin. long, pinkish-white 12. E. Hislopii.
Peduncles terminal. Cymes of few large fragrant flowers. Fruit bright-
red, globose, about ljin. diameter .* . 13. E. Hodgkinsonim.
Calyx-tube turbinate, about 2 lines long. Stamens scarcely above Jin.
long. Fruit nearly globular, red 14. E. Tierneyana.
Flowers large, in terminal panicles.
Leaves broad, obtuse, coriaceous. Calyx-tube sessile, about 3 lines
long ; lobes short. Fruit white, large 15. E. grandis.
Leaves about 3in. long, ovate-lanceolate. Fruit about lin. diameter,
red, 1-seeded 16. E. Johnsoni.
Leaves large. Calyx-tube 5 lines long, tapering into a thick pedicel.
Fruit globose or oblong, 2in. or more long 11. E. suborbicularis.
Flowers in dense terminal cymes. Calyx-tube narrow-clavate. Stamens
purple, about lin. long. Leaves long 18. FI. Wilsonii.
Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes or elongated bi-trichotomous panicles,
1 to ljin. long in the axils. Calyx-tube with pedicel 3 lines long. Style
slender, slightly exceeding the stamens 19. E. fibrosa.
Bark peeling off in thin papery cinnamon-brown flakes. Leaves lanceo- late, 2 to 3in. long. Fruit transversely oval, succulent, 2in. broad,
ljin. high 20. E. Bungadinnia.
Leaves long, narrow, very obliquely and irregularly veined. Fruit pear-
shaped, red or rosy, 1 to ljin. long 21. E. eucalyptoides.
Flowers few in axillary cymes. Calyx-lobes large. Fruit red, ovoid or
globular, crowned by the calyx-limb 22. E. p>aniculata.
Leaves very prominently punctate. Flowers in terminal or axillary
short panicles. Fruit bright-red, fin. diameter, lobed at top .... 23. E. punctulata. Leaves under 3in. long, J to fin. broad. Flowers few, in short head-like
racemes. Stamens under 3 lines long 24. E. sordida.
Leaves 3 to 5in. long, J to lin. broad, blunt-lanceolate. Panicle terminal.
Calyx somewhat hoary ; lobes 1 line long. Petals twice as long.
Stamens twice as long 25. E. macoorai.
Leaves 1J to 2 Jin. long, about ljin. broad, the points much protracted.
Panicle thyrsoid. Flowers small. Calyx-lobes roundish. Petals twice
as long as calyx-lobes 26. E. Luehmanni.
Flowers sessile, small, in corymbose terminal panicles. Calyx turbinate-
campanulate, under 2 lines long, 5-lobed 21. E. Angophoroides.
Flowers in slender trichotomous cymes, opposite on young shoots, or in
terminal pairs. Calyx-lobes very small 28. E. oleosa.
Leaves sessile, 1 to 2Jin. long, with long point* Flowers small, from 2 to 4 together between terminal leaves. Petals 1J line. Stamens 4
lines long. Fruit red 29. E. apodophylla.
Branchlets 4-angled. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Peduncles 4-angular.
Petals hardly expanding. Fruit small, globular, 1-seeded 30. E. hedraiophylla.
Branchlets nearly terete.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, veins immersed, 2 to 4in. long, glaucous,
young growth scarlet. Flowers in cymes or racemes 31. E. cryptophlebia.
Leaves broad, almost triplinerved. Flowers white, remarkable for
their long slender stamens 32. E. Dallachiana.
1. E. carissoides (Carissa-like), F. v. M. Frat/m. iii. 130; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 282. A shrub, with short divaricate glabrous branches. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate orbicular or almost rhomboidal, very obtuse, f to ljin. long, coriaceous, irregularly penniveined and loosely reticulate. Flowers solitary or 2 together at the old nodes, nearly sessile or on pedicels 2 or more lines long. Calyx glabrous or minutely pubescent ; tube campanulate, about 1 line long, not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, nearly orbicular, persistent, about as long as the tube. Petals 4, spreading and falling off separately. Anthers short. Ovules
Eugenia..]
LI. MYRTACE/E.
657
rather numerous. Berry globular, red, of agreeable acid flavour, 3 to 4 lines diameter, and 1 -seeded, or oblong with 2 superposed seeds, or broader than long or somewhat didymous with 2 collateral seeds, crowned by the calyx-lobes. — E. hypospodia, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 15.
Hab.: Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Cape York. M'Gillivray ; common on rocks at Port Denison and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; and other similar localities in the tropics.
The species is very nearly allied to, and perhaps not really distinct from, E. rariflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 221 ; A. Gray, Bot. U.S. Expl. Exped. i. 514, t. 60, a species widely spread over the S. Pacific Islands, and differing chiefly, as far as known, in its much larger fruit. — Benth.
2. *E. uniflora (one-flowered), Linn. Brazilian Cherry. A bushy, tall shrub. Leaves almost sessile, ovate, sublanceolate, glabrous, rather thin and pellucid-punctate. Pedicels axillary, usually solitary and 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes 4-reflexed. Fruit globose-torulose.
Hab.: This South American plant is met with in some localities as a stray from cultivation.
3. E. Smithii (after Sir J. E. Smith), Poir. Diet. Sup pi. iii. 126; Benth. FL Amtr. iii. 282. A tree, sometimes small and slender, but attaining in some places a considerable height, quite glabrous. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or more or less acuminate, narrowed at the base, mostly 2 to 3in. long, smooth and finely penniveined. Flowers small and numerous, in a terminal trichotomous panicle, sometimes corymbose and shorter than the leaves, sometimes longer and more pyramidal. Bracts minute and deciduous. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 1 line long, the free part very much broader ; lobes either all very short broad and scarcely prominent, or 1 or 2 rather larger almost petal-like and deciduous. Real petals 4, united in a small flat very deciduous calyptra. Stamens scarcely 1 line long ; anthers small, with distinct globular divaricate cells. Ovules rather numerous. Fruit white or purple, globular, J to ^-in. diameter, crowned by the circular prominent calyx- rim ; endocarp thick and hard. Cotyledons closely combined. — F. elliptica, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 281, not of Lam.; Bot. Mag. t. 1872; Myrtus Smithii, Spreng. Syst. ii. 487 ; Acmena iiorihunda, var. 2, DC. Prod. iii. 262; Bot. Mag. t. 5480 (wrong as to the petals) ; Syzygium brachynemum, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 59 and PI. Viet. Suppl. t. 18 (the petals not quite correct) ; probably also Acmena Kincjii, G. Don, Gard. Diet. ii. 851.
Hab.: Cape York, IF. Hill; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Bunya Mountains and many other southern localities.
The anthers with divaricate cells are, so far as hitherto observed, exceptional in the genus. — Benth.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, and tough ; warps in drying. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. ! Foods No. 221.
4. E. hemilampra (one face of leaf glossy), F. r. M. Fragm. ix. 145 (name proposed) ; Bail. Bot. Bull. ix. In Moore and Betche’s Handb. of the FI. of N.S. W., 207, it is also referred to as a probable form of F. Smithii, but no description seems ever to have been published of the flowers or fruit. A tree of large size, having a stem diameter of from 1J to 3ft.; the branchlets frequently flattened and dark-coloured. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, obtusely acuminate or almost pungent, 3 to 5in. long ; veins fine, numerous, parallel, very oblique, joining in an intramarginal one near the edge ; under side more or less light-coloured ; upper side dark-green. Oil-dots only visible before a strong light, much more obscure and very minute in the southern plant, larger but still somewhat obscure in- the northern specimens. Flowers very small and numerous, in a terminal trichotomous panicle, which is more developed in the northern than in the southern examples. Calyx-border prominent ; teeth very miriute and obscure in the flower. Petals mostly cohering and falling off together, tomentose ; the whole calyptra about ^ line diameter. Stamens twice as long as the petals ; filaments
658
LI. MYRTACEJE.
[Eugenia.
liexuose. Anthers with globular divaricate cells, as in F. Smithii. Fruit crimson, globular, l^in. diameter, crowned by the small circular scar of the calyx-rim and the minute calyx-teeth, and often with a few stamens. Cotyledons as in E. Smithii.
Hab.: Johnstone River (flowering specimens), Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft; Eumundi (fruiting specimens), IF'. Munro Hull ; Evelyn, Herberton, J. F. Bailey.
Fruit useful for preserving, being fleshy and of a sharp acid flavour.
Wood known as “ Scrub Mahogany,” of a dark colour, hard, and according to Mr. Mazlin very durable. — J. F. Bailey, Rep. on the Timber Trees of the Herberton District, Se2>t. 1899.
5. E. kuranda (native name at Barron River), Bail. A tree of medium size. Bark thin and scaly; the branchlets often flattened. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, usually tapering much towards the base ; apex more or less obtusely acuminate, texture coriaceous. The flowers in short cymes upon the branches below the foliage. Fruit white, round or transversely oval, from 1 to 2in. or even more in diameter ; the calyx-lobes deciduous, leaving a saucer-like depression from 4 to 8 lines in diameter. Style persistent ; pericarp fleshy ; endocarp hard, crustaceous. Seeds usually solitary, or 2 in the oblate fruits.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. T. L. Bancroft; Barron River, E. Cowley.
Wood of a flesh colour, close in grain, stands well in drying ; suitable for house-building purposes. — Bailey’s Cat. QI. Woods No. 223 (then supposed to be a form of E. Jambolana).
6. E. gustavioides (contour of fruit like that of a Gustavia), Bail. A very large glabrous tree with an erect straight trunk often several feet in diameter, the branchlets more or less compressed. Leaves thin, coriaceous, about 5in. long, 2+in. broad, oblong, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, the apex often acuminate and twisted, base cuneate, midrib sharply prominent, lateral nerves slender, looping far within the margin and again once or twice. between that and the edge of the leaf ; petiole about |in. long. Fruit globose, attaining 2in. in diameter, rind of a dark colour, hard and dry, crowned by the wide circular scar of the calyx-rim, endocarp inseparable from the rind, containing a solitary globose seed. — Q. Agri. Journ. vol. v. pi. 140.
Hab.: Near Lake Bavrine, J. F. Bailey.
7. E. Ventenatii (after E. P. Ventenat), Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 283. A tall tree, quite glabrous. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or rarely ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, narrowed at the base, mostly 3 to 5in. long, finely penniveined as in E. Smithii. Flowers larger than in that species, in compound thyrsoid or oblong panicles, the pedicels short but slender and distinct. Buds nearly globular. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate-campanulate, about lh line long, the adnate portion very short, the margin truncate with 4 lobes or teeth very short, or if larger and petal-like falling off as the flower expands. Petals 4, ovate, concave, under 1 line long, usually distinct and very deciduous, but according to F. v. Mueller sometimes cohering, and occasionally there is an inner series of smaller ones. Stamens attaining about 2 lines ; anther-cells parallel. Ovules about 10 in each cell. Fruit depressed-globular or somewhat urceolate, often exceeding -|in. in diameter, 1-seeded. — Metrosuleros Jloribunda, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 75, not of Sm.; Syzygium floribundum, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 58.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, II'. Hill, C. Stuart ; Ipswich, Vernet ; also in 11. Brown’s collection without a label. — Bentli.
Wood of a grey colour, soft and easy to work ; might be suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 222.
8. E. leptantha (flowers slender), Wight , lllustr. ii. 15, and Ic. t. 528; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 283. A tree about 60ft. high, with a smooth bark, glabrous but pale, or the inflorescence hoary-pubescent. Leaves from oval-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, narrowed into a very short petiole, 4 to 5in. long, finely penniveined. Flowers in short dense raceme-like cymes, almost
Eugenia.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
659
reduced to heads, on the previous year’s wood, either in the axils of the old leaves or at the nodes of the denuded branches, the peduncles and pedicels very short. Calyx-tube 5 to 6 lines long, very narrow, clavate, glabrous or powdery-pubescent, the free part short, slightly dilated, obscurely sinuate-toothed. Petals cohering and falling off together in a small calyptra. Stamens short. Ovules 12 to 20 in each cell. Fruit red, in loose cymes. — Syzygium lonyifioruw , Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 8572 ; allied to F. corynocarpa, A. Gray, Bot. of Wilk. Exped. 526, t. 64.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Mackay, and Mt. Dryander.
The species is also found in the Malayan Peninsula.
Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, and hard. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 22‘2a.
Var. parvifolia. Tree medium-sized. Leaves small, with long acuminate points. Hab.: John- stone River, Dr. T. L. Bancroft. — Wood of a grey colour, close-grained, soft ; easily worked ; suitable for flooring-boards of verandas. Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 222b.
9. E. Jambolana (Jambos-like), Lam. Diet. iii. 198 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 288. A tall shrub or tree, attaining sometimes a considerable size, quite glabrous. Leaves oval-oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate, usually 4 to 6in. long and 2 to Bin. broad, but sometimes longer, very firm, shining, with numerous fine pinnate veins and reticulate between them, the principal ones confluent but -not forming a regular intramarginal vein. Flowers not large, numerous, in broad trichotomous panicles lateral on the old wood below the leaves, the ultimate cymes dense. Calyx sessile, turbinate-campanulate, the lobes very short and broad at the margin, almost entire when the flower is fully out. Petals cohering and falling off together in a calyptra. Berry roundish, from the size of a cherry to that of a pigeon’s egg, usually with a single seed ( Roxburgh). — Wight, Illustr. ii. 16, and Ic. t. 535, 624 ; Syzyyium Jambolanum, DC. Prod. ii. 259 ; Wight and Arn. Prod. 329, with the synonyms adduced ; Fityenia Moorei, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 33.
Hab.: Albany Island, W. Hill.
Very common in East India and the Archipelago, where the fruit is much eaten.
10. E. corynantha (flower-bud club-shaped), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 144. A tall tree, branchlets somewhat terete. Leaves ovate, 2 to 3in. long, somewhat acuminate, very thinly penninerved, shortly tapering to a short petiole, the oil- dots scattered and rather obscure. Peduncles axillary and terminal, short, the short branches bearing 2 to 5 flowers, clavate in the bud. Calyx-tube clavate, 6 to 8 lines long, somewhat funnel-shaped ; lobes 4, about 1^ line long, roundish and tardily separating. Petals free, not adhering together. Stamens about ^in. long ; anthers narrow-oblong. Style setaceous ; stigma very minute. Ovary near the middle of the calyx-tube.
Hab.: Nerang Creek, J. Shirley.
11. E. cormiflora (stem flowering), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 32; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 284. White Apple. “ Moorool,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. Often a tall erect tree with a fine head. Leaves ovate-elliptical to almost oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 3 to 5in. long, narrowed into a petiole often |in. long, not very thick, the principal veins rather distant and uniting irregularly far within the margin. Flowers large, in short trichotomous cymes, clustered on the trunk not above 3ft. from the ground, the peduncles and pedicels very short. Calyx- tube urceolate, nearly +in. long, very thick, the free part short, dilated at the top; lobes 4, very unequal, the largest nearly orbicular, 4 to 5 lines broad. Petals 4, free, broad, unequal, the largest above |in. long. Stamens erect and more rigid than in most species, the outer ones above lin. long ; anthers oblong. Ovary very thick and fleshy, with 2 small cells, each with about 8 ovules. Fruit ovoid- urceolate, crowned by the calyx-lobes, nearly 2in. long.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Maryborough, W. Hill.
The species appears to be very nearly allied to K. Malaccensis, Linn , common in India and the Archipelago.
Wood of a dark colour, close-grained, and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 224.
060
LI. MYRTACE^E.
[Eugenia.
12. E. Ilislopii (after R. Hislop), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. v. part 5. “ Walkaran,” near Cooktown, Roth. A tree of about 30ft. in height, and a trunk diameter at the base of 15in.; branchlets rather crowded, slender. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 2^in. long and J to lin. broad ; the apex more or less elongated, but blunt, tapering considerably to a petiole of about £in. long, upper side glossy, under side somewhat brownish ; primary nerves rather distant, looping far within the margin, transverse reticulate veins prominent, oil-dots copious. Flowers in short, stout dichotomously-branched panicles, ljin. long, on the trunk of the tree from near the base to the height of about 10ft.; the flowers usually in pairs at the ends of the branches of the panicle, closely sessile, or by the elongation of the branch appearing pedicellate. Calyx-tube white, campanulate, about 5 lines long, longitudinally corrugated ; lobes short, broad, rounded. Petals white, twice or more as long as the calyx-lobes, rotundate and much imbricate. Stamens 6 to 8 lines long, the inner ones smaller. Anthers oblong, about 1 line long. Fruit ovoid, 3£in. long, 2|in. broad, white with a pink blush, very soft and very succulent.
Hub.: Near Cooktown. The tree does not grow, so far as at present known, at a lower altitude than 1500ft., 1 f. Hislop (Noth.)
13. E. Hodgkinsoniae (after Miss Maria Hodgkinson), F. r. M. Fragm. ix. 145. A small tree, the branchlets almost terete. Leaves on short petioles, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, chartaceous, 3 to 5in. long, 1£ to 2in. broad, pale on the under side, somewhat shortly acuminate. Oil-dots few. Peduncles terminal, bearing cymes of few very fragrant white flowers. Calyx-tube obconic-turbinate, lobes 4, unequal, roundish, 2 to 4 lines. Petals nearly ^in. long, glabrous, mem- branous towards the margins. Stamens almost lin. long. Ovary 2-celled, ovules numerous in each cell. Style capillary, about lin. long. Stigma very minute ; anthers linear-elliptic. Fruit globose, about 1+in. diameter, 1 seeded, bright-red, testa somewhat thick, cotyledons hemispherical. — E. odoratimma, Bail.; E. Fitz- geraldi, F. v. M. and Bail. Bot. Bull. 3.
Hab.: Summit of Blackall Range, Field Naturalists. Flowering March.
14. E. Tierneyana (after E. Tierney), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 14 ; Benth. El. Austr. iii. 284. A tree of 60 to 70ft., with an ashy smooth bark and spreading branches ( Dallachy), quite glabrous. Leaves elliptical-oblong to almost obovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 3 to 6in. long, narrowed into a short petiole, not very thick, the primary nerves rather distant and uniting far within the margin. Flowers rather large, not numerous, in loose trichotomous cymes on the old wood, in the axils of the old leaves or at the nodes of denuded branches, not exceeding the leaves and often several from the same node. Calyx-tube turbinate, about 3 lines long, rapidly contracted into a short pedicel ; lobes 4, orbicular, distinct, unequal, the largest nearly 2 lines, the smallest scarcely above 1 line diameter. Petals nearly 4 lines diameter, spreading and separately deciduous. Stamens half as long again as the petals. Ovary in the narrow base of the calyx, with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit globular, red, about 4-in. diameter.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, and many other tropical localities.
The red fruit produced in large quantities and makes very good jam.
The species is very near allied to the E. Indian E. laurifolia, Roxb., differing chiefly in the leaves narrowed at the base. — Benth.
15. E. grandis (a grand species), Wight, lllustr. ii. 17, and Ic. t. 614 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 285. White Apple. “ Waargoon-waargoon,” Herberton district, J. F. Baileg. A large and handsome tree, quite glabrous. Leaves from broadly oval to oval-oblong, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 4 to 6in. long, very firm and shining as in E. Jambolana, but thicker, and the veins more distant, forming a continuous intramarginal nerve. Flowers rather large and numerous,
Fugenia.]
LI. MYRTACE^.
661
in dense trichotomous cymes, either terminal or in the upper axils. Calyx-tube thick, turbinate, shortly produced above the ovary, about 3 lines long ; lobes 4, broad and short but unequal, wearing oft' after flowering. Petals usually spreading and falling off separately. Fruit globular, white, 1 to 2in. diameter, with 1 or 2 seeds, or smaller with 1 seed. — E. cgmosa, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 402, not of Lam.; E.firma, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 3603; Syzygium grande, Walp. Rep. ii. 180; Jambosa grandis and J. firm a , Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 108; Eugenia fortis, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 13.
Hab.: Lizard Islands, Banks and Solander ; Albany Island, W. Hill: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
The species is widely spread over the eastern provinces of India and the Archipelago. It is placed by Wight in the section Syzygium and by Blume in Jambosa, and is in some respects intermediate between the two. — Benth.
Wood light-brown, close-grained, hard, and tough ; might serve for staves for rum-casks ; suitable for building purposes. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 226.
16. E. Johnsoni (after Stephen Johnson), E. v. M. Viet. Nat., April 1892. A glabrous tree of about 40ft. in height ; branchlets almost cylindric. Leaves seldom over 3in. long and lfin. broad, often smaller, of firm consistence, mostly ovate-lanceolate, much contracted towards the blunt summit, gradually narrowed into a conspicuous petiole, rather prominently pinnate-veined ; oil-dots concealed. Inflorescence 2fin. long or less ; peduncles slender, axillary or terminal. Bracteoles narrow, fugacious. Calyx before expansion clavate-ovate ; tube smooth, passing gradually into the pedicel ; lobes 4, rather large, almost semi- ovate. Petals not much larger than the calyx-lobes. Anthers narrow-elliptic. Fruit 1-seeded, from fin. to about lin. in diameter, red ; pericarp rather thick, of subacid and aromatic flavour. Seed turgidly ovate, its cotyledons one above the other. The unexpanded flowers resemble those of some Eucalypti, and impart to this species a peculiar appearance. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Mount Bartle Frere, Stephen Johnson.
This is the species I alluded to in my report of the botany of the Bellenden Her Expedition as a probable form of E. grandis, but then no fruit was obtainable.
17. E. suborbicularis (leaves nearly round), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 285. “ Oloorgo,” Mitchell River, Palmer ; “ Pudginjacker,” Bloomfield River, and “ Esie,” Batavia River, Roth. A tree attaining a considerable size, quite glabrous. Leaves broadly obovate or almost orbicular, very obtuse, 4 to 6in. long, on a rather long petiole, coriaceous but not so thick and shining as in E. grandis, with numerous parallel diverging veins, confluent within the margin, and finely reticulate between them. Flowers large, in a short terminal tricho- tomous cyme. Calyx-tube narrow-turbinate, 7 to 8 lines long, broad and campanulate above the ovary ; lobes 4, broad, the inner ones nearly fin. diameter, with scarious margins, the outer ones rather smaller. Petals spreading and separately deciduous, the larger outer one nearly fin. diameter. Stamens exceed- ingly numerous, readily separable in the bud into 4 parcels. Ovules ascending. Fruit globose or oblong, over 2in. long.
Hab.: Cape York and Endeavour River, W. Hill; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham; Somerset.
Ripe fruit eaten.
Wood of a dark-grey colour, with peculiar corky concentric rings several inches asunder, on which account the natives of the Johnstone choose the trunks of this tree for making their canoes. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 227.
18. E. Wilsonii (after E. Wilson), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 12; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 285. Glabrous. Leaves broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 5 to 6in. long, rounded at the base, with a short petiole, finely and transversely penniveined. Flowers large, in a short dense terminal cyme almost contracted into a head. Calyx-tube very narrow-turbinate, about 4 lines long ; lobes 4, rounded, about 1 line diameter and nearly equal. Petals about If line diameter, separately
062
LI. MYRTACErE.
[Eugenia.
deciduous. Stamens reddish-purple, the longer ones nearly lin. long. Anthers small. Ovary about half the length of the calyx-tube, concave at the top and scarcely fleshy. Ovules numerous in each cell, in two rows, ascending from a pendulous placenta. Fruit ovoid, about £in. long, narrowed at the top and crowned by the small calyx-lobes. Seeds usually 2 or B ; cotyledons thick and fleshy but separate.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay and many other localities in tropical parts.
Wood of a uniform dark-brown colour, close-grained, hard and tough ; useful for building purposes, mallets, &c. — Bailey’s Cat. ()!■ I Foods No. 227a.
19. E. fibrosa (bark fibrous), Bail. A slender tree with a fibrous bark ; branchlets terete or somewhat angled at the extremities, the bark with reddish or brownish lines, more or less cracked. Leaves elliptic-oblong, tapering at each end, 3 to 4^in. long, 1^ to 2in. broad at the centre; the apex obtuse, often elongated ; petioles 2 to 4 lines long, the parallel lateral veins sometimes distant, rather faint, confluent not far from the margin, the reticulation scarcely visible. Flowers in a terminal corymbose cyme, also, in some of the lower axils, in elongated bichotomous or trichotomous slender- branched panicles, 1 to l^in. long; calyx-tube with pedicel about 3 lines long; lobes 4, persistent, oblong, 24 lines long, 1 line broad, somewhat coriaceous ; petals same form as calyx-lobes and not much larger, separately deciduous. Stamens rather numerous, fila- ments very slender, flexuose, 7 or 8 lines long. Anthers small with parallel cells. Style slender, slightly longer than the stamens ; stigma minute. Ovary in the narrow base of the calyx, 2-celled, with numerous ovules in each. Fruit not seen.
Hab.: Somerset, where I saw it in flower June, 1897.
20. E. Bungadinnia (aboriginal name at Somerset, Jardine), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. Tree of from 30ft. to 40ft. in height, stem diameter about 3ft., bark loose, inclined to be papery ( F. L. Jardine). Bark upon the thick branches peeling off in very thin cinnamon-brown papery flakes ; branchlets often flattened, the bark dark, hard and smooth. Leaves lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, tapering from above the middle often to the branch, or forming a petiole a few lines long, 2 to over Bin. long, •§■ to lin. broad, of a somewhat coriaceous texture, the parallel lateral veins and the intermediate anastomosing veinlets faintly prominent and joining the intramarginal one near the edge, both faces dotted, the under side rather paler, and thus the dots more plainly visible. The loose fruit received with the shoot-specimens were transversely oval or oblong, and measured 2in. broad and 14in. high. The remains of flower seen on the fruit 2 to 3 lines diameter. Calyx-lobes 4, 1 line high, 1J line broad. Stamens seem to be in bundles of 2 or 3, about 3 lines long. Style stout, about 6 lines long. Fruit examined 1-seeded.
Hab.: Somerset, F. L. Jardine, who says that, as this is one of the first fruits to ripen and comes at a time of scarcity, the natives almost live on it.
21. E. eucalyptoides (Eucalypt-like), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 55 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 285. A tall shrub or small tree, glabrous and somewhat glaucous, with pendulous branches. Leaves lanceolate, often falcate, 4 to 6in. long or more, narrowed into a very short petiole, remotely and irregularly penniveined and reticulate, the principal veins more or less confluent at some distance from the edge. Flowers rather large, few, in compact terminal cymes. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, about 2 lines long, the free part broad ; lobes 4, broadly orbicular, the inner larger ones almost as long as the tube. Petals orbicular, the larger outer ones fully 3 lines diameter, all separately deciduous. Ovary about
Euyenia .]
LI. MYRTACEjE.
GG8
half the length of the calyx ; ovules incurved, acuminate. Fruit globular, 1-seeded, crowned by the calyx limb, but only seen young. — Jambosa eucalyptoides, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 226; Ql. Agri. Journ.
Hab.: Endeavour River. F. Barclay Millar.
22. E. paniculata (flowers paniculate), Bank s (and Sol.) ; E.r. Garin. Frui t. i. 167 t. xxxiii.; Nun. Lain. Encycl. iii. 199 ; James Britten in Journ. of But. xxxvii. 247. A small tree or evergreen glabrous shrub. Leaves petiolate, vary- ing from oval-oblong or almost obovate to oblong-elliptical or almost lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, 2 to 3in. long, cuneate or narrowed at the base, finely and almost transversely penniveined. Peduncles axillary, lateral or terminating- short leafy shoots, bearing usually 3 or 5 flowers but sometimes more, in a loose trichotomous panicle. Calyx-tube turbinate, 1A to nearly 2 lines diameter ; lobes very unequal, the largest nearly as long as the tube. Petals nearly 3 lines diameter, spreading and separately deciduous. Outer stamens nearly Mn. long. Ovary about half the length of the calyx-tube, with a cluster of 8 to 10 ovules in each cell. Fruit red, ovoid or nearly globular, crowned by the calyx-limb. — Syzyyium paniculatum, Gaertn. l.c.; Myrtus paniculata , .T. F. Gmel. Syst. 792 ; Euyenia myrti folia, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2230 ; Benth. FI. Aust.r. iii. 236 ; Bot. Reg. t. 627 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 625 ; E. australis, Wendl. in Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 28 ; Colla in Hort. Ripul. App. t. 8 ; Jambosa australis, DC. Prod. iii. 287 ; J. Thozetiana, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 225.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, C. Stuart: Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Rockhampton, Dullacliy, Thozet ; Ipswich, Nernst.
Wood of a light-grey, close-grained ; suitable for tool-handles on account of its toughness. The fruit used for jam and wine-making. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. I foods No. 228.
23. E. punctulata (leaves punctate), Bail. Bot. Bull. xiii. Tree often tall, branchlets somewhat compressed approaching 4-angled. Leaves subcoriaceous, broadly lanceolate, the apex obtusely acuminate, tapering towards the base and almost sessile, attaining a length of 3Mn. and lfin. width in the centre, the lateral veins almost transverse, the upper surface in the dried specimens closely covered by sunk dots. Flowers in axillary or terminal very short panicles of sessile flowers. Calyx-tube about 5 lines long, pear-shaped and often somewhat angular, produced above the ovary, lobes 4, unequal, the larger ones about 2 lines broad. Petals about twice the size of the calyx-lobes, separately deciduous. Stamens flexuose and not much longer than the petals. Style about as long as the stamens. Fruit bright-red, and more or less lobed near the top, juicy, about fin. diameter. Seeds few.
Hab.: Eumundi, R. D. Power (in fruit), J. FI. Simmonds (in flower, June). I have also a specimen gathered by the late Rev. B. Scortechini, without note of locality.
24. E. sordida (appearance shabby), Bail. Bot. Bull. v. A small tree with rather scanty foliage. Leaves under 3in. long, and from f to fin. broad, sub- coriaceous, narrow-lanceolate, obtuse. Petiole about 2 lines long, the midrib alone prominent, the primary veins looping near the margin. Flowers few, in short head-like racemes terminating lateral shoots ; peduncle about 2 or 3 lines long ; bracts oblong, minute ; flowers sessile, or the calyx-tube, which is very open at the top, tapering into a very minute pedicel, about 2 lines long, glabrous ; lobes somewhat orbicular, only slightly persistent. Petals slightly exceeding the calyx- lobes. Stamens under 3 lines long. No fruit seen.
Hab.: Near the summit of the South Peak of Bellenden Ker, Expedition, 1889.
25. E. macoorai (native name of South Peak of Bellenden Ker), Bail. Bot. Bull. v. A small slender tree, the branches somewhat drooping. Leaves on short petioles, narrow'-lanceolate, the apex elongated hut not acute, 3 to Sin. long,
Part II. Z
LT. MYRTACEiE.
[Eugenia.
G64
i to lin. broad in the middle, panicle terminal, the tops of the branches usually hearing sessile flowers. Calyx-tube '^tapering much towards the base, somewhat hoary, about 3 lines long ; lobes about 1 line long, very broad. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes ; the oil-dots very prominent when dry. Stamens twice the length of petals. No fruit obtained.
Hub : Near the summit of the South Peak of Bellenden Ker, Expedition, 1889.
26. E. Luehmanni (after J. G. Luehmann), F. v. M. Viet. Nat. May 1892.
A glabrous tree of about 20ft. Leaves 1^ to 2f in. long, and 1J to lfin. broad ; almost lanceolate, but gradually much protracted into a bluntish point. Panicles short, brachiate, their main divisions somewhat thyrsoid ; pedicels very short. Flowers very small, rather crowded, 3 or 2, sometimes only 1, on the short ultimate peduncles. Calyx-tube hemi-ellipsoid, without any conspicuous angula- tion, densely glandular-dotted ; lobes semiorbicular, much shorter than the tube. Petals whitish, twice the length of the calyx-lobes, free. The stamens and style much exceeding the petals. Anthers almost ovate. Stigma minute ; ovary deeply sunk, 2-celled. Ripe fruit not seen.
Hab.: Mount Bartle Frere, Stephen Johnson (F. v. M. l.c.)
27. E. angophoroides (Angophora-like), F. v. M. Fragw. v. 33; Benth. FI.
Austr. iii. 286. “ Woorboon,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. A glabrous tree of
60ft. with a smooth white bark. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, mostly 2 to 3in. long, narrowed at the base, finely penniveined as in E. Yentenatii , but the veins more prominent. FlowTers in a compound terminal corymbose panicle, shorter than the leaves. Buds obovoid, nearly sessile or tapering into a very short pedicel. Calyx-tube turbinate, scarcely more than 1 line long, and about 1A line diameter ; lobes or teeth either 5, all small and triangular, or one larger and more petal-like. Petals broad, about 1 line diameter, separately deciduous. Stamens about 2 lines long, anthers ovate or cordate-globose. Ovules several in each cell of the ovary. Fruit 3 to 4 lines, depressed-globose, or nearly bell-shaped, the top truncate, black and sweetish when ripe.
Hab.: Bockingham Bay, Dallacliy.
With the habit and aspect of E. Ventenatii, but readily distinguished by the more sessile flowers as well as by the calyx and petals. — Benth.
28. E. oleosa (oil-dots numerous), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 15 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 287. A small handsome tree of 15 to 20ft. (Dallacliy), flowering as a large shrub, but forming at times a tree of 100ft. (F. v. M.j, quite glabrous. Leaves from elliptical to lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 3 or rarely lin. long, not very thick, sometimes l^in. broad, the veins oblique and prominent underneath. Flowers white, remarkable for their long slender stamens, in trichotomous pedunculate cymes, either opposite at the base of the new shoots or terminal in pairs, the peduncles, branches and pedicels slender. Calyx narrow- turbinate, nearly 3 lines long, tapering into a pedicel, sometimes short, sometimes as long as the calyx ; lobes 4, ovate or broad, about \ line long. Petals quite separate, about 1^ line diameter. Filaments very numerous and fine, iin. long or more. Style capillaxw, fin. long, with minute stigma. Ovary not half so long as the calyx-tube, with about 8 ovules in each cell ; style long and slender. Fruit globular, oblong, fin. long, blue, 1 -seeded.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Bellenden Ker.
Very near E. rivularis, Seem., from the Fiji Islands, but the veins of the leaves are not nearly so numerous or close, and more oblique, and the stamens nearly twice as long as in that species. — Benth.
29. E, apodophylla (leaves sessile), F. v. M. Viet. Nat. April 1892. A tree of about 40ft. high ; branchlets prominently quadrangular, some parts quite membranously margined. Leaves 1 to 24in. long, firmly chartaceous, long-
Eugenia.]
LI. MYRTACEiE.
665
acuminate, with rounded base, sessile, pinnately thin-veined, oil-dots much con- cealed. Flowers small, from 2 to 4 together between terminal leaves ; peduncles none ; united pedicels and flower-buds club-shaped ; calyx passing gradually into the twice-longer pedicel, punctular-scabrous. Petals 1^ line, at first coalescent into a hemispheric lid, but some finally expanding. Stamens much longer than the petals, some 4 lines long ; anthers roundish when open ; style elongated ; ovary sunk deeply. Fruit reddish. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Bellenden Ker Range, W. Sayer.
30. E. hedraiophylla (leaves sessile), F. v. M. Viet. Xat. April 1892. Stature not recorded. Branchlets glabrous and prominently quadrangular. Leaves rather large, chartaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, gradually acuminated, with rounded base, almost sessile, veins faint, pinnace and immersed, oil-dots copious but not conspicuous. Flowers small in ample bracliiate panicles ; peduncles from decurrent prominences, very quadrangular ; flowers frequently ternate on the ultimate peduncles ; pedicels extremely short or obliterated ; calyx hemispheric- turbinate, slightly lobed or almost truncate. Petals hardly expanding. Anthers very minute, about as long as broad. Style capillary, thin ; ovary much sunk. Fruit quite small, almost globular, one-seeded, terminated by a comparatively broad limb of thin structure, and separated from it by some constriction ; pericarp very thin. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Mosnian River, Win. Sayer ; Russell River, Stephen Johnson.
31. E. cryptophlebia (teins obscure), F. r. M. Fragm. ix. 144. A tree of about 50ft., resembling an Elceodendron, branchlets nearly terete. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, thin coriaceous or thickish chartaceous, opaque, veins immersed, lateral ones distant, 2 to 4in. long, 8 to 16 lines broad, glaucous-green, the young growth almost scarlet. Peduncles bearing cymes or racemes about as long as the leaves. Flowers sessile, usually in threes. Calyx clavate-ovate, about 3 lines long. Petals 4 ; anthers roundly ovate, obtuse.
Hab.: About Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy.
32. E. Dallachiana (after J. Dallachy), F. v. M. Herb.; Eenth. FI. Austr. iii. 287. A tree of 20ft. Leaves broadly ovate, 3 to Sin. long, of a thinner consistence than in most Eugenias, and the one or two lower pairs of veins more prominent than the others and continued almost to the apex of the leaf, so as to make it appear almost triplinerved ,or quintuplinerved like some Ehodowgrti. Cymes axillary, pedunculate, rather loose, and apparently only few-flowered, but the specimens seen are only in young fruit. Calyx-tube in that state nearly globular, about 3 lines diameter, not produced above the ovary; lobes 4, broad, spreading, unequal, all shorter than the tube. Petals white, slightly silky. Stamens scarcely 2 lines long ; anthers ovate-rotund. Ovary 2-celled, with rather numerous ovules in each cell, but only one or two from the same cell enlarged. Fruit only known in a young state.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
The aspect of this plant is very different from that of any Eugenia known to me, yet, as far as the specimens go, they supply no character to separate it from the genus. — Benth.
30. BARRINGTON1A, Forst.
(After the Hon. D. Barrington.)
(Stravadium, Juss.)
Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary, the limb either closed in the bud and splitting into 2 to 4 valvate segments or rarely with 3 or 4 lobes, imbricate in the bud. Petals 4 or 5, adhering at the base to the staminal cup. Stamens numerous, in several series, shortly united
LI. MYRTACEiE.
[Barrivfitnnia .
660
at the base into a ring or cup; anthers small, with parallel cells opening longi- tudinally. Ovary inferior, with an annular disk on the top within the stamens, 2 to 4-celled, with 2 to 8 ovules in each cell, horizontal or pendulous, in 2 rows ; style filiform with a small stigma. Fruit pyramidal ovoid or oblong, hard and fibrous, indehiscent. Seed usually solitary, with a thick testa; embryo undivided, consisting of a thick woody stratum, and a more or less distinct pith in the centre. — Trees. Leaves alternate, usually crowded at the ends of the branches, penniveined and not dotted. Flowers in terminal or lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts small and deciduous.
The genus is confined to the tropical regions of the Old World. The Australian species are widely dispersed over the Indian Archipelago, and one is also common in East India. — Benth.
Skct. I. Butonica. — Calyx valvate ; 2 to 3, rarely 4 -lobed.
Leaves entire, often above 1ft. long. Flowers large, in short racemes.
Stamens 2 to 4in. long. Fruit large, 4-angled 1.7?. speciosa.
Leaves crenulate-denticulate, near 1ft. long. Petioles short. Racemes long,
pendulous. Fruit oblong 2. 7?. racemosa.
Skct. II. Stravadium. — Calyx slightly imbricate ; 3 to 5, usually 4-lobed.
Leaves serrulate or entire, under (jin. long. Flowers small, in long racemes.
Stamens 3 to 4 lines long. Fruit small 3. 7?. acutangula.
1. B. speciosa (showy), Linn. /.; DC. Prod. iii. 288; Benth. FI. Audr. iii. 2 IS. A large handsome tree. Leaves sessile, obovate, entire, attaining more than 1ft. in length. Flowers very large, in short terminal racemes, the rhachis thick, the pedicels 1 to 2in. long. Calyx deeply divided into 2 or 3 oval-oblong concave almost leaf-like segments, above lin. long. Petals from half as long again to twice as long as the calyx segments. Stamens very numerous, red, 2 to lin. long. Ovary imperfectly 4-celled, with about 6 ovules in each cell. Fruit large, pyramidal, 4-angled, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes. — Wight Ic. t. 547 ; Ex. Bull. Kol. Mus. Haarlem 1896 pi. xxvii.
Hub.: Cape York and Dayman’s Island, Endeavour Straits, IF. Hill; Rockingham Bay, J. Dallacliy (F. v. M.)
Widely dispersed over the Indian Archipelago and Pacific Islands.
Wood of a yellow colour, tough, and firm ; might be used in cabinet-work.— Bailey’s Cat. Ql Woods No. 229.
2. B. racemosa (flowers ill long racemes), Gciuduh. in Fee ye. Voy. Bot. 483 t. 107 ( F. v. 31. Fmym. ix. 118) ; Bliune, DC. Proil. iii. 288. A medium- sized tree, glabrous. Leaves about 1ft. long and 3in. broad, cuneate-oblong, slightly crenate-denticulate on very short petioles. Flowers in long pendulous racemes rather distant, pedicels about fin. long. Calyx at length opening into 2 to 4 lobes. Petals and stamens white or rosy. Style about lfin. long. Fruit irregularly ovoid-oblong, 2fin. long, lfin. broad, exocarp fibrous, seed ovoid, about lfin. long, fin. broad.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay ; Mulgrave River ; Islands of Torres Straits.
Wood of a yellow colour, close-grained, but of little value, being too readily eaten by insects.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 229a.
3. B. acutangula (fruit angular), Gcertn. Fract. ii. 97, t. 101; Benth. FI. Aitstr. iii. 288. A large handsome tree. Leaves from obovate or oblong-cuneate to almost elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, rarely much above 4in. long, serrulate or entire, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers red, rather small, in very long slender pendulous racemes. Bracts oblong, very deciduous. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long. Calyx-tube ovoid-globose, about 1 line long ; lobes 4, rather longer than the tube, orbicular. Petals about twice as long as the calyx-tube.
667
Barringtunid.] Lt. M YRTACE /E.
Stamens not much longer than the petals. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Fruit oblong, 4-angled, lin. long or rather more. — Wight and Am. Prod. 333; Stravadium ruhrum, DC. Prod. iii. 289.
Hab.: Around the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Common in most parts of India as well as in the Archipelago. I find but 2 cells to the ovary both in the Indian and in the Australian specimens.— Benth.
31. CAREYA, Roxb.
(After Dr. Carey, the divine, and Indian linguist.)
Calyx-tube thick, turbinate or ovoid, not produced above the ovary, the limb deeply 4-lobed. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens numerous in several series, quite free, the outermost longer ones or the innermost shorter ones or both without anthers, the intermediate ones or nearly all perfect ; anthers small, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 4 or rarely 5-celled, with several small ovules in 2 rows in each cell ; style elongated, with a somewhat capitate or slightly 4-lobed stigma. Fruit globular, fleshy, with a hard rind, crowned by the calyx-limb. Seeds several, enveloped in a fleshy pulp, and usually irregularly scattered ; testa thick ; embryo undivided. — Trees, or in one instance an under- shrub. Leaves alternate, usually crowded at the ends of the branches, penni- veined and not dotted. Flowers large, in racemes or interrupted spikes, usually short.
The genus comprises several E. Indian species, one of which (C. arborea , Roxb.) is very like the Australian one.
1. C. australis (Australian) F. v.M. Fragm. v. 183. “Go-onje,” Cloncurry, Palmer; “ Gunthamarrah,” Mitchell River, Palmer: “ Ootcho,” Mitchell River, Palmer: “ Barror,” Rockhampton, Thozet ; “ Kuiperi,” Batavia River, Roth; “Jo-ora,” Palmer River, Roth. A tree attaining a large size. Leaves from ovate and shortly acuminate to obovate and very obtuse, minutely crenulate or entire. Flowers large, pedicellate, few together in very short cymes, terminating short leafy shoots. Calyx-lobes 4, orbicular, unequal, the larger ones minutely ciliolate. Petals when fully out obovate-oblong, in some specimens 2in. long, in others much smaller. Perfect stamens as long as the petals, without any barren filaments outside, but a few short ones inside without anthers. Ovary 4-celled, with 10 to 12 ovules in each cell. Fruit broadly ovoid, l|in. long or more, not at all angled, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes. — C. arhorea, Roxb. var. (?) australis, Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 289.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, He line ; Cape Grafton. Bunks and Solander ; estuary of the Burdekin , Fitzalan : Rockhampton, Di iliac hi/.
Fruit eaten when ripe. — Palmer.
Bark made into twine. — Roth. Bark used for poisoning fish. — Murrell, Palmer, and Roth.
Wood of a light-grey colour, red in the eentre ; close in grain and tough ; easily worked. — - Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods Xo. 230.
Order LIT. MELAST0MACE7E.
Calyx-tube enclosing the ovary, and either cohering with its angles, leaving intermediate cavities, or entirely free or more or less adnate to it, the limb entire or with 3 to o or rarely 6 lobes or teeth, usually imbricate in the bud. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at the orifice of the calyx-tube, imbricate (usually contorted) in the bud. Stamens usually twice as many, sometimes only as many as petals and inserted with them, the filaments curved down in the bud; anthers 2-celled, opening in 1 or 2 pores at the top or very rarely in longitudinal slits, and before flowering their tips are usually contained in the cavities between the
668
Lll. MELASTOMACE^.
ovary and calyx, the connective often variously extended or thickened. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube and adnate to it, or more or less free, with 2 to 6 or rarely more cells, with the placenta in the axis, or rarely 1 -celled by the abortion of the partitions. Style simple, with a minute or capitate or peltate stigma. Ovules several, rarely 2 only to each placenta, anatropous. Fruit enclosed in the calyx or combined with it, either succulent and indehiscent, or bursting irregularly, or capsular and opening in as many valves as there are cells. Seeds usually numerous and small, straight or cochleate (i.e. curved somewhat like an univalve shell), without albumen ; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or membranous. Embryo straight or curved ; cotyledons plano-convex or thick and variously folded ; radicle short. — Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees. Leaves opposite, simple, petiolate, 8 to 11-nerved, or in Memecylece 1-nerved and penniveined, entire or rarely serru- late. Stipules none. Flowers usually in terminal panicles or clusters, rarely axillary or solitary.
A large Order, chiefly American, and most abundant within the tropics, a considerable number also in tropical and subtropical Asia, especially in the Eastern Archipelago, and a few in tropical and southern Africa. The 5 Australian genera are all Asiatic and 4 of them also African. — Benth.
Thebe I. Osbeckieac. — Leuven with 3, 5 or more ribs. Anthers opening in a single terminal pore. Ovary more or less adherent , except the convex or conical summit. 2 to 6- celled . Fruit
capsular or rarely pulpy. Seeds cochleate.
Anthers all similar and equal or nearly so. Fruit capsular, opening in valves.
Calyx-lobes 4, rarely 5, with bristle-like appendages between them. Anthers
without any or scarcely any appendage at the base 1. Osbeckia.
Calyx-lobes 5 or 6, without appendages between them. Anthers with a short
2-lobed inflected appendage at the base 2. Otanthera.
Anthers alternately smaller or dissimilar. Fruit succulent or pulpy, bursting
irregularly 3. Melastoma.
Tribe II. IVKedinille^e. —Ovary almost or wholly adnate to the calyx-tube. Fruit a berry , rarely a capsule, crowned by the calyx-limb, or areolate ; crown convex, glabrous or bristly. Seeds
usually obovoid or pyramidal, never cochleate.
Anthers 8, 10, 12, subequal ; connective not lengthened below 4. Medinilla
Tribe III. IVIemecyleac. — Leaves with the midrib prominent, the veins pinnate or incon- spicuous. Anther-cells adnate to a much-tliickened connective, and opening in separate slits or pores. Ovary adnate, 1-cellcd, with a central placenta. Fruit a berry . ... 5. Memecylon.
1. OSBECKI A, Linn.
(After P. Osbeck.)
Calyx-tube ovoid, globular or urceolate ; lobes or teeth 4 or 5, deciduous, with appendages between them, which are usually bristle-like, terminating in a tuft of hairs. Petals obovate. Stamens twice as many as petals, all equal and similar or nearly so ; anthers opening in a single pore at the summit, and without any or scarcely any appendage at the base of the connective. Ovary 4 or 5-celled, crowned with bristles. Fruiting-calyx usually truncate after the fall of the lobes ; capsule opening at the top in as many valves as there were cells to the ovary. Seeds cochleate.— Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs. Leaves sessile or petio- late, 3, 5, or 7-nerved. Flowers usually terminal, in clusters or short racemes, often forming leafy panicles, rarely solitary. Calyx-tube often more or less covered with bristles or ciliate scales.
The genus comprises a few African species, besides a considerable number from tropical Asia and the Archipelago, including the Queensland one.
1. O. Chinensis (of China), Linn. Spec. PI. 490 ( not Bot. Reg. nor Bot. Mag.) ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 291. A herb undershrub or shrub, from 14 to 8ft. high, glabrous or with a few short stiff hairs. Leaves very shortly petiolate, linear linear-oblong or almost lanceolate, 1 to 2in. long. Flowers several
O.sbeclcia.]
LII. MELASTOMACE.E.
669
together, sometimes very few, forming sessile terminal clusters, almost condensed into heads. Calyx-tube about 3 lines long or rather more ; lobes 4, not quite so long as the tube, broad or narrow, acute, ciliate, but without any terminal tuft of hairs, with 4 accessory ciliate scales inserted between and a little below them on the outside, and occasionally a few ciliate scales on the tube below the middle. Petals 4. Anthers produced into a slender beak. Capsule 4-celled. — Benth. FI. Hongk. 115, with the synonyms adduced; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 160 ; O. angusti- folia, Don ; Wall. PI. As. Ear. iii. t. 251.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, and other localities in the tropics.
The species extends over the Indian Archipelago and the eastern provinces of India to S. China and Formosa. — Benth.
2. OTANTHERA, Blume.
(Anthers with ear-like processes.)
(Lachnopodium, Blume.)
Calyx-tube ovoid ; lobes 5 or 6, deciduous, alternating with as many short bristly scales or appendages. Petals obovate. Stamens twice as many as petals, all equal and similar ; anthers opening in a single pore on the summit, the con- nective produced at the base into a short 2-lobed appendage turned up on the inner face. Ovary 5 or 6-celled, crowned with bristles. Fruiting-calyx truncate after the fall of the lobes ; capsule (in the Australian species) opening at the top in as many valves as there were cells to the ovary, in other species more pulpy and less regularly dehiscent. Seeds cochleate, small and very numerous. — Shrubs more or less strigose, with the habit of the smaller-flowered Melastomas. Leaves 5 or 7-nerved. Flowers in terminal trichotomous cymes or panicles.
The genus consists of very few species, natives of the Indian Archipelago, one of which, the same as the Australian one, differs slightly from the others in the fruit drier and more cap- sular, and was therefore distinguished by Blume under the name of Lachnopodium. — Benth.
1. O. bracteata (bracteate), Kortli. Verk. Xat. (resell. Bot. 285 t. 51 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. iii. 292. A shrub of several feet, the branches more or less covered with pale-coloured or rusty hairs or bristles. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate- elliptical, mostly 3 to 5in. long, membranous, rough with short strigose hairs. Flowers few, in short terminal trichotomous cymes, the peduncles and pedicels with a few small leaves at the base of the cyme, and a short, broad, concave, almost cordate bract at the base of each branch or pedicel. Calyx-tube about 2 lines long, densely covered with small scales, divided each into 3 to 5 long erect cilia or bristles ; lobes 5 or 6, linear, scarcely so long as the tube, ciliate with a few long bristles, the intermediate bristly scales short and obtuse. Petals white or pink, 5 to 6 lines long, each with a bristle at the end. Ovary adnate to about half the calyx-tube, the convex summit very bristly. Fruit nearly globular, crowned by the scars of the calyx-lobes. Capsule apparently dry, the placentas projecting far into the cells. — Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3 xiii. 354 ; Lachno- podium bracteatum, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 56.
Hab.: Dalrymple Creek, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, and other tropical localities.
Also in Sumatra.
Korthals figures the calyx-lobes rather broad ; I find them narrow, as described by Blume, both in the Sumatran and the Australian specimens. Lachnopodium rubro-limbatum, Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 56, taken up from tbe Melastoma rubro-limbatum, a garden plant, figured in Link and Otto, Ic. PI. Sel. 89, t. 41, appears to be the same species. — Benth.
3. MELASTOMA, Linn.
(Berries stain the mouth black.)
Calyx-tube campanulate or ovoid ; lobes or teeth 5 or rarely 6, deciduous, with or without small alternate accessory lobes or appendages. Petals obcordate or obovate. Stamens twice as many as petals ; anthers elongated, opening at the
(570
till. ME)LAST0MACEJL
[Melastomd.
top in a single pore, very unequal, 5 larger, with the connective produced below into a long appendage incurved and 2-lobed or 2-pointed at the lower end, o smaller, with the appendage shorter or wanting. Ovary 5 or rarely 6-celled, crowned with a few stiff hairs or bristles. Fruit truncate after the fall of the calyx-lobes, the capsule or berry more or less succulent or pulpy and bursting irregularly. Seeds cochleate. — Shrubs, more or less strigose or hairy. Leaves usually ovate, 3 or more-nerved. Flowers terminal, solitary or few together in cymes, often large and showy ; the calyx usually covered with bristles or scales.
A considerable genus, extending over tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands. The only Australian species is a common one in India and the Archipelago.
1. IVI. malabathricum (Malabar plant), Linn. Spue. PI. 559, var. poly- anthum : Benth. FI. Auntr. iii. 292. A shrub of a few feet in height, more or less clothed with hairs or bristles, often very rigid and scale-like on the branches, rigid and strigose on the upper side of the leaves, longer and softer on the under side, but sometimes nearly all rigid and scale-like, or nearly all long and soft. Leaves petiolate, from ovate almost cordate and Gin. long, to oblong-lanceolate and Sin. long, with :i or 5 nerves besides a fine intramarginal one. Flowers usually about 5 to 11 in terminal almost sessile cymes. Bracts very deciduous, from large and broadly ovate to small and narrow-lanceolate. Calyx-tube ovoid- globular, 2 to 3 lines long, densely covered with appressed chaffy scales or bristles; lobes usually 5, from ovate to lanceolate, more or less acuminate, longer and sometimes much longer than the tube or rarely rather shorter, alternating with 5 small subulate or short chaffy scales or accessory lobes. Petals large, pale- purple or white. Fruit nearly globular, 3 to nearly 4 lines diameter. Seeds imbedded in a purple pulp. — .1/. poli/anthiiii i, Blume. Mus. Bot. i. 52 t. 6 ; M. <lenticidatum, Labili. Sert. Austr. Caled. i. 65 t. 64 ; M. Force- Hollandiai, Naud. in Ann. Sc Nat. ser. 3 xiii. 290.
Hab. : Endeavour River, Brinks mid Solander , .1. Cunningham : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, .1. Cunningham and others ; Mount Elliott, Dallachy : common in swamps.
The typical 47. mulnbatliricum is usually distinguished by its larger flowers, with the bracts and calyx-lobes larger in proportion, but some of the Moreton Island specimens have them nearly as large as the Indian ones. Many Australian specimens correspond exactly either with those of 4/. polijanthum from the Archipelago, or with those of 47. denticulatum, from New Caledouia, and it is probable that the species should include the whole of the 24 adopted or proposed by Naudin, Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xiii. 284 to 293, as “ Species magis ad 47. malabathricum vergentes ideoque diftieilius distinguendas,” besides several of the l; Species addendse,” p. 294, not seen by him. The characters are generally most trifling. — Bentli.
4. MEDINILLA, Gaud.
(After Lon Jose de Medinilla y Pineda, Governor of Marianne Islands.)
Calyx-tube ovoid, campanulate, or cylindrical, limb truncate or obscurely toothed. Petals 4 or 5, usually acute, often fleshy. Stamens twice as many as petals, equal or nearly equal, rarely unequal ; anthers opening at the top by one pore ; connective not or very shortly produced at the base, but having two tuber- cles in front and a spur behind. Ovary inferior, 4 to 6-celled, usually glabrous at the apex ; style filiform ; ovules very many, placentas axile. Berry areolate at the top or crowned by the limb of the calyx. Seeds minute, very many, ovoid or sub-falcate, raphe often thickened and excurrent. — Branching shrubs, erect or scandent. Leaves opposite or wliorled, entire, often fleshy, with 3 to 9 longi- tudinal nerves. Flowers in terminal panicles or lateral cymes, white or rose, with or without bracts, 4 or 5 rarely 6-merous.
The species, which are about 50, are met with in Malaya, East India, Ceylon, Fiji, and tropical Africa.
1. IVI. Balls-Headleyi (after Dr. Walter Balls-Headley, M.A.), F. r. M. Auntr. Journ. of Plutrw., April 1887. Climbing, glabrous ; leaves quaternary in whorls, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, longitudinally 3-uerved from near the base ;
Mriliii ilia.)
Lii. meLastoMace^e.
671
secondary nerves very spreading, distant ; veins obliterated ; calyx urceolar- campanulate, entire at the margin ; crown of ovary depressed, surrounded by an annular indexed membrane ; fruit 6-celled ; placental lamina reaching far into the cavity, very densely beset with oblique, ellipsoid-clavate, smooth, shining seeds. — F. v. M. l.e.
Hab.: Bellenden Ker along Alice Creek, 11'. Sayer.
This species, the first detected in Australia, is not unlike 31. pterocaula, but the branchlets are not prominently angular, the leaves are not much decurrent on the petiole, their intramarginal nerve is very faint or obliterated, and the fruiting-calyx is constricted below the orifice ; the flora characteristics require to be studied, only leafy branchlets and loose over-ripe fruits being available yet. The fruits are upwards much less attenuated than those of 31. rosea. On these aged fruits it is difficult to trace the tender bilaminulated placental plates ; but their attachment seems axillary, not as in Astroniu, basal. The external resemblance, however, of the above plant to species of the lastmentioned genus is remarkable, though it reminds us also, when in a fruiting state, of several species of Ayapetes, Ilhodamnia, and Rhodomyrtus. — F. v. 31. l.c.
5. MEMECYLON, Linn.
(A name of Dioscorides for a Strawberry-like fruit.)
Calyx-tube hemispherical or campanulate, the limb entire or obtusely 4-lobed, rarely 5-lobed. Petals 4 or rarely 5, ovate or orbicular. Stamens twice as many as petals, all equal and similar ; anthers short, with a thick connective, forming a conical spur at the base, the cells opening in longitudinal slits. Ovary entirely adnate to the calyx-tube, 1-celled, with 6 to 12 ovules, verticillate round a short central placenta ; style filiform, with a small stigma. Fruit a berry, crowned by the calyx-teeth or border, or by a circular scar only. Seeds solitary or rarely 2 or 8 ; testa somewhat crustaceous ; cotyledons very much convolute or variously folded, usually enclosing the radicle. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, with 1 prominent midrib and pinnate veins often scarcely perceptible. Flowers usually small, in axillary clusters or cymes.
The genus is spread over the tropical regions of the Old World, the species especially numerous in Ceylon and the Indian Archipelago. The only Australian one is also in Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula. — Renth.
1. M. umbellatum (umbellate), Bunn. FI. lnd. 87; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 298. A bushy or divaricately-branched shrub, quite glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obscurely and obtusely acuminate, 1 to 2in. long, of a dark-green and shining above, paler or sometimes yellowish underneath, the veins usually quite inconspicuous. Peduncles axillary, very short, bearing an umbel-like or shortly racemose cluster of small flowers, on slender pedicels of 1 line or rather more. Adnate part of the calyx-tube very short, the free part broadly campanulate, less than 1 line diameter, broadly and shortly 4-lobed. Petals ovate, acute, about 1 line long. Stamens exceeding the petals. Fruit green, smooth, nearly globular, about 8 or rarely 4 lines diameter, crowned by the small persistent calyx-limb ; pericarp slightly fleshy. Seed solitary, globular ; cotyledons fleshy and very much contortuplicate. — Thwaites, Enurn. Ceyl. PI. Ill ; M. ramijiorum, Lam. Diet. iv. 88, DC. Prod. iii. 6 (at least as to the Indian plant); Wight, Illustr. i. 214, t. 93 (M. tinctorimn, Ivoen. on the plate) ; Myrcia t Australasia;, F. v. M. Eep. Burd. Exped. 7.
Hab.: Estuary of the Burdekin, Fitsalan ; Mount Elliott, Edgecombe and liockingham Bays, Dallachy ; Cleveland Bay, Bowman.
The species is common in Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula, and perhaps also in the Mauritius.
Order LIII. LYTHRARIE®.
Calyx-tube free, but usually enclosing the ovary ; lobes or primary teeth 4, 5, or sometimes more, very rarely 3, valvate in the* bud, the sinus sometimes pro- duced externally into as many accessory teeth. Petals as many as primary
672
LIII. LYT1IRARIE/E.
calyx-teeth or lobes, rarely deficient, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, usually crumpled in the bud. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals or fewer, or rarely indefinite, inserted in the calyx-tube at various heights ; filaments inflected in the bud ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary free from the calyx, but usually enclosed in its tube, 2 or more-celled, or rarely 1-celled by the abortion of the partitions; style simple, the stigma capitate or rarely 2-lobed. Ovules usually numerous, anatropous, attached to the axis, or very rarely parietal. Fruit a membranous coriaceous or hard capsule, variously dehiscent, enclosed in or surrounded by the persistent calyx, the valves usually detaching themselves from the central persistent placentiferous column. Seeds without albumen ; testa coriaceous, membranous or rarely thick ; embryo straight ; cotyledons oblong or orbicular-cordate ; radicle short, or rarely cotyle- dons small and radicle long. — Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, verticil- late or sometimes alternate, entire, without stipules. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles cymes or clusters, rarely solitary.
A considerable Order, some of the herbaceous genera spread over the greater part of the globe, the larger woody-stemmed ones confined to the tropics i'i the Old or the New World. Five of the Queensland genera are Asiatic, 3 of them being also African, and the 2 herbaceous genera extend to America and Europe. One genus extends to America and Africa. The naturalised weed (which is also European) and the Pomegranate are strays from cultivation.
Tribe I. Ammannies. — Low or aquatic herb*, with small or minute flowers. Calyx
membranous.
Annual or perennial herbs, very rarely becoming woody at the base.
Calyx short, membranous, the ribs inconspicuous or only as many as primary teeth ; accessory teeth minute or none. Petals very small or
none 1. Ammannia.
Calyx 6-fid. Stamens often 6 ; filaments short. Style very short ... 2. 'Peplis.
Tribe II. Ly threie. — Trees or shrubs. Calyx herbaceous or coriaceous. Petals often larye, wrinkled.
Calyx narrow, with twice as many ribs as primary teeth ; accessory teeth
prominent. Petals usually conspicuous 3. Lythrum.
Flowers cymose' or capitate. Petals corrugated in bud. Capsule valvular,
4-celled 4. Nes.ea.
Shrubs or trees.
Stamens twice as many as petals. Calyx-lobes 6, with accessory teeth.
Capsule enclosed in the calyx. Maritime shrub, with solitary flowers
in the upper axils 5. Pemphis.
Flowers 6-fid. Capsule 3 to 6-valved. Seeds winged 6. Lagerstrieuia.
Stamens indefinite. Calyx-lobes 4 to 8, without accessory teeth. Fruit
large, fleshy. Flowers large, 1 to 3 in the upper axils 7. Sonneratia.
Au anomalous genus with inferior ovary. Calyx with 5 to 7 thick lobes.
Petals 5 to 7. Stamens numerous. Ovary many-celled ; cells 2-seriate, superposed . . 8. *Ponica.
1. AMMANNIA, Linn.
(After J. Amman n.)
(Rotala, Linn.; Ameletia, DC.)
Calyx membranous, short, the ribs not at all, or the primary ones only, pro- minent, with 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6 primary teeth, without any or with very small external accessory ones. Petals small and fugacious or none. Stamens as many as primary calyx-teeth, or twice as many or fewer, inserted towards the middle of the tube or lower down. Ovary 2 to 5-celled, or 1-celled by the abortion of the partitions. Style often short, with a capital stigma. Capsule included in the persistent calyx or protruding from it, opening in septicidal valves or bursting irregularly. Seeds very small. — Annual herbs, chiefly frequenting wet situations, usually glabrous, with a 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Flowers very small, subsessile or pedicellate, solitary or in trichotomous cymes or clusters, with a pair of small bracteoles under the calyx, sometimes very minute or scarcely conspicuous.
LlII. LYTHRARIErE.
673
Ammannia.]
A considerable genus, chiefly tropical and Asiatic or African, with a few species from tropical or Northern America, or from more temperate Asia. — Benth.
Subgenus I. Rotala. — Flowers axillary, solitary, or in sessile spikes. Capsule 2 to 4-r alved.
Leaves narrow, in whorls of 3 to 8. Capsule 3 or 4-valved 1. A. Rotala.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, opposite or rarely in threes. Capsule 3 or
4-valved 2 .A. pentandra.
Leaves orbicular, opposite. Capsule 2-valved '6. A. diandra.
Subgenus II. Eu- Ammannia. — Flowers in whorls, cymes or clusters. Capsule circumsciss, or bursting irregularly.
Flowers 1 to 3, on short axillary peduncles. Leaves broadly oblong, petiolate.
No petals 4. A. trijlora.
Flowers several in axillary cymes.
Leaves narrowed at the base. Calyx-lobes triangular. No petals . . . . 5. A. indica.
Leaves dilated or cordate, auriculate at the base. Calyx-teeth very short.
Petals present.
Capsule under 1 line diameter. Stamens 4 or fewer . . . 6. A. multiflora.
Capsule about line diameter. Stamens above 4, usually 6 to 8 . . . 7. A. auriculata.
1. A. Rotala (generic name), F. r. M. Frag in. iii. 108 ; Benth . FI. Austr. iii. ‘295. A slender annual, simple or slightly branched, often creeping at the base, and not above Bin. long in the Australian specimens, twice as much in some Indian ones. Leaves in whorls of 8 to 6 or sometimes more, linear, not exceeding 3 or 4 lines. Flowers minute, nearly sessile and solitary in the axils. Calyx smooth and membranous, not above A line diameter, with 5 or sometimes 4 or 3 acute teeth without accessory ones. Petals none or minute and fugacious in the Australian specimens, nearly as long as the calyx-teeth in some Indian ones. Stamens 3 (4 or 5 ?), inserted near the base of the calyx and not exceeding it. Ovary 1-celled or more or less divided into 3 by very thin evanescent parti- tions. Style short. Capsule 8-valved. — Rotala certicillaris, Linn. Mant. 195 ; DC. Prod. iii. 76 ; Wight, Ic. t. 260 ; Rotala apetala, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 108.
Hab.: Bundaberg, J. Keys.
Spread over E. India and the Archipelago.
2. A. pentandra (five-stamened), Ro.rh. FI. hul. i. 427 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 296. Annual or perhaps a perennial of short duration, often shortly creeping at the base, with ascending or erect stems, 6 to 8in. high and scarcely branched when luxuriant, but often only 2 or 3in. and much branched. Leaves opposite or very rarely the floral ones in threes, from ovate cordate to oblong and almost cuneate, acute or obtuse, the larger ones ^in. long, but usually not above |-in., the floral ones always exceeding the flowers. Flowers solitary in the axils, sessile or nearly so. Calyx scarcely above ^ line diameter, with 5 or rarely 4 or 3 short lobes, without accessory teeth. Petals very small or none. Stamens 5, or some- times 4 or 3, inserted near the base of the calyx and not exceeding its lobes. Capsule opening in 3 or rarely 4 valves.— DC. Prod. iii. 79 ; W. and Am. Prod. 305, with the synonyms adduced; Blume, Mus. Bot. ii. t. 46; Rotala Ro.v- burghiana, Wight, Ic. t. 260.
Hab.: Endeavour ltiver, R. Brown; waterholes, Moreton Bay, C. Stuart; Lynd River, L. Leichhardt.
Var. decussata. Smaller and more branched. Petals usually none.— Rotala decussata, DC. Prod, iii. 76 ; Ortegioides decussata, Soland. in Herb. Banks ; Entelia amrnannioides, R. Br. Herb.; Ammannia illecebroides, Arn. in Wight, Cat. n. 2317. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; E. coast, Banks and Solander.
3. A. diandra (two-stamened), F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 108 (under Ameletia ); Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 296. Erect or creeping at the base, branched or nearly simple, not exceeding 6in. but not so slender as the preceding species. Stem leaves sessile, orbicular, very obtuse, cordate at the base, 2 to 3 lines diameter, the floral ones scarcely smaller, orbicular or ovate, and often very close, forming
674
LIII. LYTHRARIE^E.
[Ammannia.
imbricate decussate spikes. Flowers solitary in the axils, sessile or nearly so. Calyx small, very thin and membranous, somewhat 4-angled, with 4 acute lobes shorter than the tube, without accessory teeth. Petals rudimentary. Stamens usually 2, inserted below the middle of the tube. Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled. Capsule opening in 2 valves.
Hab.: Around tbe lagoons and moist banks of livers, Gulf country.
The specimens are all in fruit ; in some the calyx is scarcely 1 line long and shorter than the oblong capsule ; in others the calyx is nearly 2 lines long, with a very much shorter globular capsule. In all I have found either small rudimentary petals or their scars, and the stamens adherent to about one-third of the calyx. — Benth.
4. A. triflora (three- dowered), R. Br. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 297. A diffuse much-branched annual, with slender ascending stems of A to 1ft., minutely hoary-pubescent or glabrous. Leaves distinctly petiolate, oval-oblong, narrowed or rounded at the base, mostly under Ain. long. Peduncles short, with 1 to 8 sessile or very shortly pedicellate flowers, much larger than in A. indica. Calyx- tube broadly campanulate, with 4 broad triangular lobes, and the sinuses produced into as many short horizontally spreading accessory lobes. Petals none. Stamens 4, inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube. Capsule 2-celled, depressed, irregularly circumsciss.
Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, E. Brown.
5. A* indica (Indian), Lam. Illustr. n. 1555 ? ; DC. Prod. iii. 77 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 297. Erect, more or less branched, and often exceeding 2ft. in height. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, acute, narrowed at the base, mostly \ to lin. long, but luxuriant ones sometimes longer, and those of the side branches smaller. Flowers very small, in little axillary cymes or clusters, the pedicels slender, but rarely 1 line long, and the common peduncle very short or scarcely any. Calyx broadly campanulate, usually about f line diameter, with 4 short broad triangular lobes, Avithout accessory teeth. Petals none. Stamens 2 to 4 . Ovary 2-celled. Capsule depressed-globular, usually exceeding the calyx, and bursting irregularly. — W. and Am. Prod. 805 ; Blume, Mus. Bot. ii. 133 t. 46 ; A. resicatoria, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 426; DC. Prod. iii. 78; W. and Am. Prod. 305.
Hab.: Endeavour River. Hunts and Solunder ; Shoalwater Bay, E. Brown.
Common in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. Lamarck describes the leaves as decurrent, but this is undoubtedly the species to which his plant has been referred by De Candolle and others. — Benth.
6. A. multiflora (many-flowered), Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 426; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 298. Erect and branched, but usually smaller than A. indica or A. auriculata, and often only 3 to 4in. high. Leaves linear or lanceolate, often above Ain. long, and narrowed below the middle, but always more or less dilated and cordate- auriculate at the base, as in A. auriculata. Flowers minute, in little axillary dichotomous cymes shorter than the floral leaves ; the peduncles, branches and pedicels short but filiform. Calyx about f line long, at first narrow at the base with the upper part folded, with 4 very short teeth, afterwards truncate, with the teeth scarcely conspicuous. Petals 4, minute. Stamens 4, or fewer. Ovary 2-celled ; style rather long. Capsule depressed-globular, under 1 line diameter, scarcely exceeding the calyx, bursting irregularly and transversely.— DC. Prod, iii. 79 ; W. and Arn. Prod. 305 ; A. australasica, F. v. M. Trans. Phil. Soct. Viet. i. 41.
Hab.: Keppel Bay, E. Brown.
7. A. auriculata (eared), Willd.; DC. Prod. iii. 80 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 297. Erect and not much branched, usually 6in. to 1ft. high, and coarser than the other Australian species, with larger flowers. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- linear, mostly A to lin. long, sessile and dilated at the base, and more or less
Ammannia .]
LIII. LYTHRARIEiE.
675
cordate-auriculate. Flowers in little axillary cymes, shorter than the floral leaves ; the peduncles, branches, and pedicels all short. Calyx at first narrow at the base, with the upper part broader and folded, with 4 short teeth, above 1 line diameter when fully out, with the border truncate, the teeth scarcely prominent. Petals 4, orbicular. Stamens usually, but perhaps not always, 6 to 8. Ovary 2-celled ; style rather longer than in the preceding species. Capsule depressed- globular, scarcely exceeding the calyx, about Inline diameter, bursting irregularly and transversely.
Hab.: Point Lookout. Banks and Solander ; Wide Bay, Bidwill.
Abundant in tropical and subtropical Africa, perhaps rather less so in Asia, where it is commonly replaced by the preceding species or variety. — Benth.
2. *PEPLIS, Linn.
(A Greek name for Purslane.)
Calyx campanulate, with 6 rarely 5 external and 6 internal smaller teeth. Petals 6 rarely 5, inserted at the throat of the calyx, very fugacious or none. Stamens 6 rarely 5, inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube ; filaments short, anthers didymous. Ovary subglobose, membranous, 2-celled, included in the calyx. Style very short. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, or bursting irregularly. Seeds numerous, minute, obovate, plano-convex. — Herbs with alternate or oppo- site, obovate or linear-oblong, entire leaves, and axillary, sessile, solitary, small, 2-bracteolate flowers.
This genus is found in Europe, temperate Asia, and North America.
1. P. portula (like a Portulaca), Linn. Water Purslane. A slightly branched creeping plant, with obovate or oblong leaves. Flowers sessile in the axils of nearly all the leaves. Capsule enclosed in the somewhat enlarged calyx, but seldom attaining 1 line in diameter.
Hab.: A common European plant found in wet situations; has become naturalised in many Queensland bush-houses.
3. LYTHRUM, Linn.
(From lythron, blood ; colour of flowers.)
Calyx tubular, 8 to 12-ribbed, with 4 to 6 triangular often very short primary lobes or teeth, the sinus produced into as many external accessory ones, short or spreading, or erect and longer than the primary ones. Petals 4 to 6. Stamens twice as many as petals or fewer, inserted below the middle of the calyx. Ovary 2-celled (or very rarely 3-eelled?), with several ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with a minute or capitate stigma. Capsule included in the persistent calyx, oblong or globular, opening in septicidal valves at the top or bursting irregularly. Seeds numerous, small. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs, glabrous or villous. Leaves opposite, verticillate or the upper ones alternate, usually narrow. Flowers solitary, or 3 to 5 together in the axils, sessile or pedunculate, but not forming a head as in most Nesceas.
The genus is spread over most parts of the globe.
Calyx outer-lobes erect, longer than the inner ones. Capsule oblong, hard, septicidally dehiscent.
Tall perennial. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Flowers nearly sessile,
several in each axil, forming showy terminal spikes more or less leafy i. L. Saticuria. Decumbent annual. Upper leaves alternate. Flowers small, solitary, sessile or shortly pedicellate 2. L. hyxsopifolium.
1. I .. Salicaria (Willow-like), Linn.: DC. Prod. iii. 82; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 298. Loose Strife. Rootstock perennial, with stout annual erect stems, 2 to 8ft. high, slightly branched, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves opposite or sometimes in
676
LIII. LYTHRARIE^E.
[. Lythrum .
threes, sessile and stem-clasping, lanceolate, entire, 2 to 3in. long. Flowers reddish-purple or pink, 8 to 5 together, nearly sessile in the axils, forming hand- some terminal spikes, more or less leafy at the base, the upper floral leaves reduced to bracts scarcely longer or even shorter than the flowers. Calyx about 8 lines long, with 6 (rarely 5) short triangular primary lobes or teeth, the sinuses produced into as many subulate erect outer lobes much longer than the primary ones. Stamens usually 12, 6 longer than the calyx and 6 shorter. Capsule oblong, rather hard, enclosed in the calyx, splitting septicidally into 2 carpels opening in their inner face. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 126.
Hab.: Along watercourses, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fitzalan, Leichhardt ; Darling Downs ; and many other localities.
The species is common in northern and subtropical Asia, in Europe, and N. America. For curious details on the fertilisation of three different sexual forms, see Darwin in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 169. — Benth.
2. L. hyssopifolium (Hyssop-leaved), Linn.-, DC. Prod. iii. 81 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 299. A glabrous annual, rarely more than 6 or 8in. high, the stems slightly branched and decumbent at the base, or, in starved specimens, erect and simple. Leaves sessile, narrow, entire, scarcely Ain. long, the lower ones opposite, the upper ones alternate. Flowers small, solitary in the upper axils, sessile or nearly so. Calyx 1 to 2 lines long, very slender, the inner primary lobes or teeth very minute and membranous, the outer ones longer, erect, lanceolate-triangular and green. Petals 4 to 6, from rather shorter than the calyx-tube to rather longer. Stamens about as many as petals. Capsule included in the calyx, rather hard, opening septicidally at the top. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 126; L. thymifolium, Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 81.
Hab.: Nut uncommon north and south.
The species is found in most parts of the world, especially in maritime districts.
4. NES./EA, Commers.
(A sea-nymph.)
Calyx campanulate or urceolate, persistent, with 4 to 8 lobes and as many cornua or at least callous points not acrescent. Petals obovate, as many as calyx-lobes and corrugated in bud, longer than the calyx except in some of the capitate species, coloured, usually caducous. Stamens usually twice as many as the calyx-lobes, occasionally the same number, or even three times the number, usually all or at least half of them exserted ; filaments filiform. Ovary sessile, ovoid ; included in the calyx-tube, 2 to 5-celled, many-ovuled ; style exserted ; stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by valves or by slits at the apex, included in the calyx, membranous ; placenta thick, usually lobed ; seeds numerous. — Herbs or scarcely undershrubs, growing in wet places, especially by river sides. Leaves opposite, or occasionally alternate and sometimes verticillate. Flowers axillary, in stalked cymes or capitate, sometimes dimorphous. Bracteoles on the pedicels, not at the base of the calyx.
Besides Queensland, the species are found in America and Africa.
1. N. Robertsii (after J. F. Roberts), F. v. M. Fracpn. vii. 145 ; Austr. Syst. Cens. of PI. A scabrous shrub, the branches at first quadrangular, soon nearly terete, cano-fulvescent. Leaves all opposite, lanceolate or oblong-oval, light-green, A to lin. long, 2 to 4 lines broad, sessile, slightly decurrent, entire ; apex somewhat acute, uninerved. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, 3 to 7 lines long, rigid, filiform. Bracteoles at base of calyx 2, appressed-ovate or renato- rhomboid. Calyx campanulate, almost nerveless ; tube 2 or 3 lines long ; teeth about 1 line long, and callously thickened between them into minute accessory teeth. Petals 6, ovate-orbicular, very thin, purple, 1^ to 2 lines diameter,
Xesrca .]
LIII. LYTHRARIE^.
677
fugacious. Stamens 12 ; filaments 2 or 8 lines long, subulate-filiform ; anthers dorsifixed, ovate-cordate, about f line long. Style glabrous, filiform, about 2 lines long ; stigma scarcely thicker than the style. Ovary free, ovate, very shortly stipitate, 4-celled ; placenta axillary.
Hab.: Bowen Downs, C. Weld Birch (F. v. M. l.e.)
5. PEMPHIS, Forst.
(From pemphis, a swelling.)
(Maclellandia, Wight.)
Calyx campanulate, slightly striate, with 6 short erect triangular primary lobes or teeth, the sinuses produced into as many small accessory spreading ones. Petals 6, oval. Stamens 12, shorter than the calyx, and attached rather above the middle of the tube. Ovary small, 8-celled at the base only, with several ovules in each cell ; style rather thick, with a broad capitate stigma. Capsule globular, enclosed in the calyx, transversely circumciss. Seeds angular or compressed, the testa thick with the angles often expanded into narrow thick wings.— Shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary in the axils.
The genus is limited to a single species.
1. P. acidula (fruit acid), Forst; DC. Prod. iii. 89; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 300. A small and bushy or tall and spreading shrub or small tree, more or less hoary with a minute tomentum. Leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, rather thick, 1-nerved, about |in. long. Flowers in the upper axils, on pedicels shorter or rarely rather longer than the leaves. Bracteoles none. Calyx about 2 lines long, the accessory lobes much shorter than the primary ones. Petals 3 to 4 lines long. Fruiting-calyx not much enlarged. — Blume, Mus. Bot. ii. t. 43 ; Maclellandia Griffithiana, Wight, Ic. t. 1996.
Hab.: Tropical seacoasts and adjoining islands, R. Broum, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller , M'Gillivray, Leichhardt, W. Hill.
The species is widely spread over the seacoasts of tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands.
6. LAGERSTRCEMIA, Linn.
(After Magnus Lagerstroem.)
Calyx-tube turbinate-campanulate, smooth or plicato-sulcate, with 6 ovate subacute lobes. Petals 6, sometimes 7 to 9 (or none) inserted in the throat of the calyx, obovate-oblong, clawed, and wavy or curled. Stamens numerous, inserted near the base of the calyx-tube ; filaments long ; anthers versatile, didymous or oblong recurved. Ovary sessile in the bottom of the calyx, 3 to 6-celled. Style long, filiform, flexuose ; stigma capitate ; ovules very many, ascending, placentas axile. Capsule more or less adnate to the calyx, ellipsoid, coriaceous, 3 to 6-celled, 3 to 6-valved. Seeds numerous (seldom few), elongate, flat, erect, winged from the summit. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, distichous (or the uppermost alternate), entire, oblong or ovate. Panicles axillary and terminal, usually trichotomous, sometimes dense. Peduncles 2-bracteate at their apex ; pedicels 2-bracteolate. Flowers often large and showy.
Found from south-east Asia to Australia, Burma being the centre of the genus. — FI. British India (C. B. Clarke). %
Sect. I. Velagfa. — Calyx-tuhe smooth, neither ribbed nor subulate.
Petals on long claws. Capsule nearly globose. Calyx-teeth erect on the
fruit 1. L. indica.
Sect. II. Adambea.- Calyx-tube grooved, ribbed or subulate.
Petiole distinct, usually about 3 lines long. Calyx covered with a hard white or ferruginous tomentum ; ribs 12 to 14, flat or round, not acute on the back. Petals lin. or more long; apex of ovary glabrous. Fruit
exceeding lin. long and almost as broad 2. L. Flos-Reyiiue.
Petiole 3 lines long. Petals with claw under lin. Fruit about 8 lines long
and half as broad 3. L. Archeriana.
078
LTII. LYTHRARIEiE.
[Ijayerstnenria.
1. X. indica (Indian), Linn.; ('. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. hid. ii. 575; F. v. M. Frarfm. viii. 35. A showy flowering deciduous shrub of several feet in height. Leaves about 2in. long, glabrous, elliptic or oblong, sessile, acute or somewhat obtuse at each end, never acuminate. Panicle loose, minutely pubes- cent or glabrous. Petals bright pink in the normal form. Calyx-teeth on the fruit long, triangular, erect but distant, thin not woody. Seed lin. including its wing. — Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1765 ; Bot. Mag. t. 405 ; Wight Illustr. t. 80 ; /,. eler/ans, Wall, in Paxt. Mag. Bot. xiv. 269, with fig.; Velaya ylobosa, Gfertn. Fruct. t. 133, Clarke l.c.
Hub.: Cape Sidmouth, Dr. D. Curdie (F. v. M. l.c.)
Most likely these specimens were obtained from a shrub that had been planted. It may be found sometimes in old deserted gardens, but never, I think, indigenous or naturalised.
2. *X. Flos-Reginae (Queen’s flower), Retz.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 577 ; F. r. M. Fraym. xii. 20. A deciduous tree, attaining the height of 60ft., sometimes when old having on its trunk and larger branches a few strong straight spines 1 to 3in. Leaves 4 to 8in. long, from broad -elliptic obtuse to long lanceolate. Panicles large, lower branches often 6in. long, curved, ascending, flowers scattered. Petals commonly lin., sometimes more, mauve, margins erose-undulate, hardly fimbriate. Calyx in fruit thickened, woody; lobes triangular, spreading. Fruit large, sometimes reaching l^-in. by lin. — -Wight Ic. t. 413 ; Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 29 ; Adambea ylabra, Rheede Hort. Mai. iv. t. 20, 21.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Persich (F. v. M. l.c.)
In all probability the specimens sent to Baron Mueller were obtained off an introduced plant.
This tree in India is said to attain a large size and furnish a timber almost equal to Teak. Wood shining, light-red ; hard.
3. L. Archeriana (after the Hon. Archibald Archer), Bail. Syn. Ql. FI. 196 and 809. A small tree with a close thin smooth whitish bark, but usually met with as a shrub, attaining the height of 15ft., of bushy habit, the lower branches coming in contact with the ground, often emitting roots. Branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong, ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 6in. long and from li to 2|in. broad, acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, the upper side nearly glabrous, under side tomentose ; primary nerves confluent within the margin, reticulation fine ; petioles about 3 lines long. Panicles terminal, clothed with a dense indumentum of variously branched hairs, about 1ft. long and rather narrow, bearing at the axils of the branches small lanceolate rusty- tomentose leaves; lower branches 3 to 5-flowered, Flowers lilac-purple. Calyx densely tomentose outside, glabrous inside, tube about 3 lines long, with 6 prominent ribs alternating with the lobes ; lobes 2 lines long, points shortly subulate, recurved, midrib prominent. Petals 4 to 7, much crumpled, nearly orbicular, about 4 lines diameter on a filiform claw of 4 lines. Stamens numerous, anthers bright- yellow. Ovary densely hirsute with white hairs. Style curved. Capsule opening in 6 valves, oblong, hairy, 6 to 8 lines long, 3 to 4 broad. Seeds with terminal wing.
Hab.: Palmer River, J. C. Baird.
Wood firm, of a brown colour. — Bailey's Cat. QL Woods Xo. 231.
7. SONNERATIA, Linn. f.
(After M. Sonnerat.)
Calyx thick, the tube broadly campanulate, adnate to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4 to 8, lanceolate or triangular, the sinuses acute without accessory lobes or teeth. Petals 4 to 8, narrow, or none. Stamens numerous, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, inflected in the bud. Ovary enclosed in and partially adnate to the calyx-tube, depressed-globular, 10 to 15-celled; style elongated with a small capitate stigma. Fruit large, depressed, fleshy and indehiscent, surrounded by
Pl.XX/V.
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F C. Wills.
Sonnerntia.]
LIII. LYTHRARIEiE.
679
the persistent calyx, and adnate to it at the base. Seeds immersed in pulp, angular, with a thick testa. Embryo curved. — Glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, rather thick. Flowers large, solitary or 3 together in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches.
Besides the Australian species, which is spread over E. India and the Archipelago and extends to eastern Africa, the genus contains one or two others from the same region.
1. S. alba (white), Smith in Rees Cyclop, xxxiii. No. 2 ; C. B. Clarke in Honk. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 580. “ Pornupan,” Cooktown, Roth. A small tree growing
among mangroves, the branchlets easily disarticulating at the joints when dry. Leaves elliptic, obtuse or obovate, about 3in. long, narrowed at the base to a petiole of 2 or 3 lines. Calyx in flower exceeding lin. broad. Style long. Calyx-tube 6 to 8-angular, lobes 6 to 8 ; no petals. Fruit exceeding lin. broad ; calyx obconical at the base, ribbed. — -DC. Prod. iii. 231 ; Blume, Mus. Bot. i. 338 ; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. 497 ; Kurz Fors. FI. i. 52S ; S. mossambicensis, Klotzschin, Peters Reis. Mosamb. Bot. t. 12; S', acida, Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 301 ; Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. 483 ; Rump. Amb. iii. t. 73.
Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. T. I.. Bancroft, and other similar localities in tropical Queenslan 1.
This species was united with S. acida by Mr. Bentham, and the other writers at Kew have followed. Mr. Kurz has pointed out the distinction in the calyx, and there is a wide difference between the fruits so far as at present known, but the material is not ample. — C. B. Clarke l.c.
From the large lateral roots, which often extend a considerable distance from the trunk, are sent up erect root-processes, similar to those formed by Avicennia only much larger, some measuring as much as 6ft. in height and about 4in. diameter at the base, tapering to about lin. at the summit ; in cases where the tops of these formations have been broken they frequently fork, but never seem to form leaves or true stems.
Timber used for making canoes. — Roth.
8. *PUNICA, Linn.
(From punicus, of Carthage.)
Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, coriaceous, adnate to the ovary below, enlarged above the ovary ; lobes 5 to 7, persistent on the fruit. Petals 5 to 7, lanceolate, wrinkled, inserted between the calyx-lobes. Stamens numerous, inserted round the mouth of the calyx. Ovary inferior, with many cells in two whorls ; style long, bent, stigma capitate ; ovules numerous, placentas in some cells axile, in others parietal. Berry inferior, globose, many celled. Seeds very many, angular, testa coriaceous with a watery outer coat ; cotyledons convolute. — Large shrubs ; branches often armed. Leaves opposite, subopposite, or clustered, oblong, obovate, obtuse, entire. Flowers shortly pedicellate, axillary, solitary or clustered, large, orange-red or creamy-white.
1. P. Crranatum (full of grains), Linn. Pomegranate. A dense shrub or small tree, often spinous, deciduous. Leaves about 2in. long and Jin. broad, narrowed towards both ends, with the intramarginal nerve distinct or obscure. Calyx-lobes about lin. long, the petals longer. Fruit globose, often large, the numerous seeds covered with a very juicy pulp, which is sharply acid or sweet.
Hab.: This common plant of India and Persia has strayed from cultivation and become naturalised about Bundaberg. — J. Keys.
Dr. W. Dymoek, Veg. Mat. Med. of W. India, says that the Arabs recommend the root-bark as being the most astringent part of the plant, and a perfect specific in cases of tapeworm ; it is given in decoction, prepared with two ounces of fresh bark, boiled in a pint and a half of water till but three quarters of a pint remain ; of this, when cold, a wineglassful may be drunk every half-hour till the whole is taken. This dose sometimes sickens the stomach a little, but seldom fails to destroy the worm, which is soon after parsed.
The seeds of the Pomegranate are considered to be stomachic, the pulp cardiacal and stomachic. The root, bark, and rind of the fruit are officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of India.
The bark and the rind of the fruit, according to J. S. Gamble, Manual of Ind'an Timbers, are used for tanning and for dyeing morocco leather,
Part II. aa
680
LIV. ONAGRARIEiE.
Order LIV. ONAGRARIEA3.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, entirely so or produced above it ; lobes 2 to 4, rarely 5 or 6, valvate in the bud. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, rarely wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as petals, or fewer, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free (except in a Mexican genus) ; anthers from ovate to linear, versatile, with parallel cells opening longi- tudinally. Ovary inferior, more or less completely divided into as many cells as calyx-lobes, or rarely 1 -celled ; style filiform, or sometimes very short or scarcely any ; stigma entire or divided into as many lobes as cells to the ovary. Ovules usually numerous, in 1 or 2 rows in each cell, anatropous, rarely, in genera not Australian, solitary. Fruit various, in the Australian genera capsular and elongated, opening from the apex downwards in as many valves as cells, or splitting laterally between the ribs of the calyx. Seeds usually small ; testa membranous, coriaceous or rarely spongy. Albumen none or exceedingly thin. Embryo usually ovoid ; cotyledons plano-convex (except in Trapa), with a very short radicle. — Herbs, annual or perennial, or, in a few genera not Australian, shrubs or even trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules, entire serrate or very rarely divided. Flowers usually solitary in the axils, sometimes forming leafy racemes or spikes at the ends of the branches, often with 2 small bractooles under the calyx.
The Order is dispersed over nearly the whole surface of the globe. Of the 4 Australian genera, one, Epilobium, has nearly as extensive a range as the whole Order ; two, Jussieea and Ludwigia, belong chiefly to the warmer regions, Ludwigia extending into temperate climates ; the fourth, (Enothera, is almost entirely American. — Bentli.
Calyx-tube pruduced above the ovary. Capsule opening from the summit down- wards. Seeds naked. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes or petals . . 1. ‘(Enothera.
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary.
Capsule opening from the summit downwards in 4 valves. Seeds with a tuft
of hairs. Stamens 8. Petals 4 2. Epilobium.
Capsule opening laterally between the ribs of the calyx or at the summit inside the calyx. Seeds naked.
Stvmens twice as many as calyx-lobes or petals 3. Jussi.® a.
Stamens of the same number as calyx-lobes or petals 4. Ludwigia.
1. "CE NOTH ERA, Linn.
(From uinus, wine ; and therao, to chase. The roots said to have been eaten to chase away the effects of wine.)
Calyx- tube more or less produced above the ovary and dilated at the end into a 4-lobed limb, the whole free part deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8, inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube ; anthers linear. Ovary 4-celled, with many ovules in each cell ; style filiform with a capitate clavate or 4-lobed stigma. Capsule usually opening from the summit downwards loculicidally in 4 valves separating from the persistent axis. Seeds without any tuft of hairs. — Herbs or rarely small shrubs. Lsaves alternate, or rarely the lower ones opposite, entire or variously toothed or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or very rarely in pairs, sometimes forming terminal racemes or spikes, rarely contracted into heads.
A large American genus, chiefly extratropical or Andine, a very few species now naturalised in various parts of the Old World.
1. Q]. biennis (biennial), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 46; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 302. A biennial, 2 or 3ft. high, the stems almost simple and more or less hairy. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, slightly toothed, hoary or downy. Flowers large, yellow, fragrant, sessile in a long terminal spike often leafy at the base,
(Enothera .]
LIV. ONAGRARIEtE.
681
Ovary and adnate part of the calyx about 6 to 8 lines long, the free part of the calyx-tube at least lin. long. Petals broad and spreading. Stigma divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules f to lin. long, scarcely angular.
A plant of N. American origin, long cultivated in gardens in Europe and other countries, and readily establishing itself in waste places on river banks, &c. Naturalised in southern Queensland.
2. (E. elata (tall), H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 90 f CE. salicifolia, Desf.) A tall herbaceous perennial 4 or 5ft. high, leaves mostly tufted at the base, linear-lanceolate and distantly toothed and with the stem clothed by a canescent pubescence. Petals yellow, roundish, obovate, retuse ; stamens declinate, about as long as the petals. Capsule sessile, cylindrical, slightly angular, clothed by a silky villi.
Hab.: A plant of Mexico and Central America now naturalised or a stray from cultivation in Queensland.
3. (E. longiflora (long-flowered), Jacq. Evening Primrose. Plant with erect stem, pilose. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, denticulate. Flowers large, bud erect ; free part of the calyx-tube 3 to 4 times as long as the ovary, filiform ; petals yellow, nocturnal, bilobed. Stigma 4-parted ; divisions elongated. Stamens included. Capsule linear. Seeds minute, scrobiculate.
Hab.: A plant belonging to Buenos Ayres, which has become naturalised at the Warrego River, from whence my first specimens were received in 1387 from Mr. A. P. Jones. It is also found about Toowoomba.
2. EPILOBIUM, Linn.
(Limb of calyx surmounting the ovary.)
Calyx-tube not at all or scarcely produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens 8 ; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary inferior, 4-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; style filiform ; stigma entire and club-shaped in the Australian species, 4-lobed in some others. Capsule elongated, opening loculicidally in 4 valves from the summit downwards. Seeds small, with a tuft of long hairs at the end. — -Herbs, mostly erect, or with a decumbent or creeping base. Leaves opposite or irregularly scattered. Flowers pink or red, rarely white, solitary in the upper axils or forming a terminal raceme.
The genus is diffused over nearly the whole globe — from the extreme Arctic regions of both hemispheres to the tropics. The numerous forms the species assume in every variety of climate make it exceedingly difficult to define them upon any certain principle, and botanists seldom agree as to the number they should admit. The general tendency of late has been to an inordi- nate multiplication of supposed species. F. v. Mueller, on the other hand (Veget. Chath. Isl. 15). proposes to reduce the whole of the New Zealand and Australian species to the Linnasan E. tetragonuin, a course which will hardly be concurred in by the majority of botanists. —Benth.
Stems erect, or decumbent at the base only.
Flowers small. Calyx-lobes under 3 lines long and petals not twice
as long. Stems terete. Pubescent or hoary. Leaves mostly alter- nate and narrow 1. E.junceum.
Flowers large. Calyx-lobes 3 lines long or more. Petals twice as long. Leaves mostly oblong, obtuse, and under lin 2. E. Billardierianum.
1. E. junceum (Rush-like), Forst. in Spreng. Syst. ii. 233 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 304. Stems from a hard decumbent base, erect, terete, hoary-tomentose or softly pubescent, usually 1 to 2ft. high and rigid, but smaller and slender when starved. Lowest leaves opposite, the upper ones and often nearly all alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, remotely sinuate-toothed, the larger ones often 2in. long or more, but mostly smaller and the upper floral ones often very much reduced, all hoary or pubescent. Flowers in the upper axils sometimes quite small, but the calyx-lobes usually 2 to nearly 3 lines long, the petals rather longer, the pedicels
G82
LIV. ONAGRARIEjE.
[Epilobium.
at first shorter than the floral leaves, bat lengthening; much after flowering. Capsule slender, usually about 2in. long. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 118, and Handb. N. Zeal. FI. 80 ; E. canescens, Endl. in Hueg. Enum. 44 ; Nees in PI. Preiss. i. 15J.
Hub.: Plains of the Condamine, L •ichh irdt : co nraon in southern localities, on damp land.
2. E. Billardierianum (after M. Labillardiere), Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. 41 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 305. Glabrous or minutely hoary-pubescent, especially in the upper portion. Stems usually nearly simple, | to Hft. high, terete or rarely with short faint decurrent lines from some of the leaves. Leaves sessile or nearly so, mostly opposite, except the floral oues, from narrow ovate-oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, more or less toothed, rarely exceeding lin. Pedicels shorter than the leaves or the upper ones exceeding them when in fruit. Calyx- lobes about 3 lines long or rather more, the petals usually twice as long. Capsule elongited. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 117 t. 21, and Handb. N. Zeal. FI. 81.
Hab.: On damp land in southern localities.
3. JUSSIZEA, Linn.
(After the celebrated botanical family of Jussieu.)
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary ; lobes 4, 5 or rarely 6, persistent. Petals as many as calyx-lobes. Stamens twice as many as calyx-lobes. Ovary with as many cells as calyx-lobes and numerous ovules in each cell ; style short or long or scarcely any ; stigma more or less lobed. Capsule terete or with as many or twice as many ribs or angles as calyx-lobes, opening septicidally in valves separating from the persistent ribs or irregularly between the ribs. Seeds usually numerous ; testa thin or crustaceous, or thick and spongy. — Herbs, some- times aquatic, or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or very rarely serrate. Flowers yellow or white, solitary in the axils ; petals usually broad.
The genu? is chiefly American, both tropical and extratropical, a few species also spread over tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. The Australian species are both of them common in the New as well as the Old World. — Benth.
Creeping or floating plant. Flowers usually 5-merous, on pedicels longer
than the ovary 1 . J. repens.
Erect plant. Flowers mostly 4-merous, on very short pedicels or almost
sessile 2. J. suffruticosa.
1. J. repens (creeping), Linn. Spec. PI. 555, and Mant. 381 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 306. Herbaceous, creeping in mud or floating in water, often sustain- ing itself by little vesicles round the insertion of the leaves, glabrous or more or less hirsute, with soft spreading hairs. Leaves from obovate or obovate-oblong, to narrow cuneate-oblong or almost lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, the upper ones usually 1 to 2in. long, those about the short creeping branches often very small. Peduncles usually longer than the ovary and fruit, with 2 small bracteoles at the summit. Calyx-tube or ovary cylindrical, rather slender, under ^-in. long when in flower ; lobes usually 5, lanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals broadly obovate, from a little longer to twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Capsule lengthening to about fin., and about lb line thick, smooth and shining but usually sprinkled with a few hairs, the 5 primary ribs prominent, the secondary ones less so. — DC. Prod. iii. 54 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 300 t. Suppl. 40 ; J. Swartziana, DC. l.c.
Hab.: Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; common in lagoons about Moreton Bay, C. Stuart.
The late Baron von Mueller was of opinion that J. repens of the FI. Austr. iii. 306 was rather J. diffusa, Forst., under which it is given in his Census of Austr. Plants. The difference between the two forms or species is principally in the petals of J. repens being white except at the base, which is slightly yellow, while the petals of J. diffusa are all yellow (which is the case with all the plants in Queensland waters which I have seen). I leave the plant as given by Mr. Bentham in the FI. Austr., not considering the distinction of sufficient importance to make a change, particularly as I have not met with the two plants in Queensland, and to distinguish the colour the flowers must be seen in a liye state,
Jussi a:a.]
LIV. ONAGRARIEiE.
683
2. J. suffruticosa (shrubby), Linn. Spec. PL 555 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 307. An erect branching perennial, attaining 2 or 3ft., the base of the stem often bard and woody, either softly pubescent or villous in all its parts or rarely almost glabrous, the stem often angular. Leaves lanceolate or almost linear, acute, narrowed at (the base, the larger ones 2 to 4in. long. Pedicels much shorter than the calyx-tube or ovary, the bracteoles reduced to small glands or wanting. Calyx-tube or ovary usually about Jin. long when in flower, but soon lengthening out ; lobes 4 or rarely 5, lanceolate, broad or narrow, 3 to 5 -nerved, 4 to 5 lines long. Petals broad, exceeding the calyx-lobes. Capsule 1J to 2in. long, usually above 2 lines broad, tapering to the base, nearly terete, the ribs scarcely prominent. — F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 130 ; J. villosa and J. angustifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. 331 ; DC. Prod. iii. 55, 57 ; J. villosa, W. and Arn. Prod. 336, with the synonyms adduced ; J. suffruticosa and J. angustifolia, Griseb. FI. Brit. W. Ind. 273, with the numerous synonyms adduced.
Hab.: Broadsound and Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; Burnett River, F. v. Mueller; Burdekin River, Bowman; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller.
The species is common in most tropical countries. The nearly glabrous forms distinguished sometimes as J. angustifolia seem frequently to pass into the villous ones in most localities. In Queensland, the two forms are equally abundant in wet places.
4. LUDWIGI A, Linn.
(After C. G. Ludwig.)
Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary; lobes 4, 5 or rarely 3, persistent or at length deciduous. Petals as many as calyx-lobes or sometimes none. Stamens as many as calyx-lobes. Ovary with as many cells as calyx-lobes, and numerous ovules in each cell ; stigma sessile or nearly so, capitate, furrowed or obscurely lobed. Capsule angular or terete, much longer than broad, opening either in terminal pores or irregularly along the sides between the ribs. Seeds small, numerous, without any tuft of hairs. — Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes somewhat woody at the base. Leaves alternate or the lower ones (in species not Australian) opposite. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, or rarely distinctly pedicellate. Petals usually very small.
The genus is dispersed over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe ; the only Australian species is a common Asiatic and African one.
1. Zi. parviflora (flowers small), Pu>xb. FI. Ind. i. 419; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 307. An erect or diffuse glabrous annual, rarely above lt't. high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, or, in most of the Australian specimens, linear, entire, 1 to 2 or even 3in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers very small, solitary in the axils, sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Calyx-tube (or ovary) at the time of flowering, rarely 1J line long, but very rapidly enlarging; lobes usually 4 in the Indian specimens, more frequently 5 in the Australian ones, small and very acute. Petals not exceeding the calyx-lobes. Stamens rather shorter. Stigma large, capitate. Capsule 4 to 6 lines long and 1J line broad when attaining its full size, but often ripening much smaller.— Wight, Illustr. t. 101.
Hab.: Endeavour River, A. Cunningham; Burdekin River, Bowman; and on wet land in many other tropical localities.
The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa. Amongst the synonyms quoted by- Wight and Arnott, Prod. 336, are L. diffusa, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Hoc. xiv. 301, and L. perennix, Linn. Spec. PI. 173. These are copied by Miquel into his FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 620, and observing that one of them is an old name of Linnaeus’s, he, without further inquiry (except perhaps a glance at Rheede’s fig. of Caramha, Hort. Malab. ii. t. 49, cited by Linnaeus, which is the true L. parviflora), adopts this name of L. perennix for the species, and Miquel’s example is followed by F. v. Mueller, Fragm. iii. 129. But not only is Linnaeus’s name wholly inappli -able to a plant so constantly and evidently annual, but so is also his specific character “ t'oliis oppositis floribus pedicellatus,” and as to the reference to Rheede’s Caramba, he expressly
684
LlV. ONAGRARIEjE.
[Ludwigia.
rejects it in his Mantissa, p. 332, as pointed out in DC. Prod. iii. 59. Although, therefore, Linnaeus may have confounded this plant with some other, it is certainly not the one he had in view in characterising his L. perennis, and Arnott and others are fully justified in adopting Roxburgh’s L. parviflora. As to L. diffusa, Hamilt., although he also thought Rheede’s Caramba might be the same, it is in fact quite distinct in the long slender ovary and capsule, and in some measure in inflorescence. It is L. prostrata, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 420 ; Wight, Ic. t. 7G2, and includes the three species of Nematopyxis, described by Miquel FI. Ind. Bat. i. part i. 630. It has not yet been found in Australia. — Bcntli.
Order LV. SAMYDACE.E.
Sepals free or united at the base into a 4 or 5-lobed (rarely 2, 3 or 6 or more lobed) calyx, free from the ovary or more or less adherent. Petals either as many as the sepals or calyx-lobes, inserted at their base, persistent with them, and resembling them in consistence, or wanting. Stamens perigynous, indefinite or not corresponding in number with the calyx-lobes, or, if equal to them, usually opposite the petals and alternating with small glands or scales. Ovary superior or more or less inferior, with 2, 3 or more parietal placentas and several ovules to each placenta ; style entire or more or less divided into as many branches as placentas. Fruit indehiscent or opening in valves between the placentas. Seeds often arillate, with a fleshy albumen. Embryo straight or nearly so, with the radicle next the hilum and flat cotyledons. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, usually toothed. Stipules small or none. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely dioecious.
A considerable Order, if taken with the limits above given, and widely distributed over the New and the Old World, chiefly within the tropics.
Tribe I. Casearieae. —Leaves alternate. Calyx 4 to 5-merous. Petals none. Stamens 6 to 15, springing from the margin of the flower-tube in a single row. Staminodes equal in number to the fertile stamens, and alternating with them.
Stamens 6 to 15, combined into a tube below. Style simple, 3-lobed or entire at
the apex. Flowers tufted 1. Casearia.
Tribe II. Komalieae. — Leaves alternate. Flower-tube free or more or less adnate to the ovary. Sepals and petals 4 to 15, distinct. Stamens equal in number to the petals, opposite to them, or more numerous and collected in tufts in front of them, alternating with glands placed opposite to the sepals.
Ovary more or less adherent. Petals flat, as many as sepals 2. Homalium.
1. CASEARIA, Linn.
(After J. Casearius.)
Calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Petals none. Stamens 6 to 15 or rarely more, alternating with as many short ciliate or hairy scales (staminodia ?), all in a single series and united in -a perigynous ring at the base. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3 or rarely 4 parietal placentas ; style entire or shortly 3-lobed. Fruit somewhat succulent, opening in valves or more fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds often with an arillus. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually, but not always dotted with a mixture of round and oblong transparent dots. Stipules lateral. Flowers usually small in axillary clusters.
A considerable genus, chiefly American, with a few African and Asiatic species.
Leaves not dotted. Stamens 8 C. csculenta.
Leaves pellucid-dotted. Stamens 10 to 12 2. C. Dallachii.
1. C. esculenta (used for food), Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 422; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 309. A large shrub, usually quite glabrous, the branches not angular. Leaves from oval-elliptical to nearly oblong, acuminate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4in. long or sometimes rather more, scarcely coriaceous, but not dotted. Flowers very small, in axillary clusters, the pedicels about 1 line long. Calyx
Caseuria.]
LV. SAMYDACEjE.
685
glabrous, rather above 1 line diameter when open, 5-lobed. Stamens 8, alternating with as many short truncate staminodia, usually scarcely pubescent. Ovary glabrous, tapering into a short style ; stigma entire. Placentas 3, the ovules not numerous.
Hab.: Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller.
The species to which this plant seems referable is widely spread over E. India. It may be the same as C. ovata, Willd., and C. zeylanica, Thw., as doubtfully suggested by Thwaites, Enum. Ceyl. PL 19, but both of those appear to have the ovary hirsute. — Benth.
C. B. Clarke, in Hooker’s FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 592, considers the Queensland C. esculenta as identical with the Ceylon var. angusta of that species.
2. C. Dallachii (after J. Dallachy), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 107 and 214 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. iii. 809. A small tree nearly glabrous. Leaves shortly
petiolate, ovate, shortly acuminate, 3 to 4in. long, pellucid-dotted, minutely tomentose near the base or quite glabrous. Flowers densely clustered, hoary- pubescent, the pedicels shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments 5, orbicular, about 1 line long. Stamens 10 to 12, alternating and more or less united with as many staminodia, which are bearded at the end. Ovary more or less hirsute at the top ; style very short and thick, with a large undivided stigma. Placentas 3. Fruit red, or rarely yellow, ^in. long, oval, 6-angled, indehiscent or shortly 3-valved at the apex. Seeds 10 or fewer, ovate-globose, angular, 1-1 line long ; testa smooth, brown.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
Very nearly allied to C. glabra, Roxb. (which appears to be a variety only of the common Indian C. tomentosa), differing in the rather thicker calyx-lobes and more numerous stamens. — Benth.
C. B. Clarke, in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 593, places this species under C. tomentosa , Roxb.
2. HOMALIUM, Jacq.
(From the stamens being equal in number to the petals.)
(Blackwellia, Juss.)
Calyx-tube turbinate or oblong, adherent to the ovary at the base ; lobes 4 to 12. Petals as many as calyx-lobes. Stamens 1 or more opposite each petal, with 1 gland opposite each calyx-lobe. Ovary 1-celled, adherent in the lower part, conical and free in the upper portion, crowned with 3 to 5 styles, either free or united into one ; placentas as many as styles, in the upper free part of the ovary, with 2 to 6, usually 4 ovules to each. Fruit slightly enlarged, surrounded by the persistent calyx-lobes and petals, and usually opening at the top in short valves between the placentas. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves not dotted. Flowers in axillary spikes or racemes, or in terminal panicles.
A considerable tropical genus, chiefly Asiatic and African, with a few American species. Of the 3 Queensland species, one is also in the islands of the South Pacific, the others are endemic.
Leaves and flower-spikes above 2in. long. Calyx-segments usually 8 to 10, with as many petals of about the same size. Stamens 2 or 3
opposite each petal 1. H. vitiense.
Racemes 3 to 4in. long. Calyx-lobes 5 to 6 2. H. circumpinnatum.
Leaves and flower-spikes under 2in. long. Calyx-segments usually 5.
Petals as many but larger. Stamens solitary, opposite each petal . . 3. H. brachybotrys.
1. H. vitiense (of Viti), Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 36; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 310. A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence, or rarely a few appressed hairs on the under side of the leaves. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or very shortly and obtusely acuminate, irregularly and often obscurely sinuate- crenate or undulate, 2 to 4in. long, on petioles of from a to iin. or rarely longer. Flowers very nearly sessile, in simple or branched spikes, varying from 2 or 3in. long and rather dense, to twice that length and interrupted, the rhachis and flowers more or less pubescent. Calyx- tube narrow-turbinate, ^ to f line long ;
LV. SAMYDACEiE.
[lionudiuin.
686
lobes 8 to 10 (or rarely 6 or 7 ?), linear ; petals as many, scarcely more cuneate, giving the whole flower the appearance of a 16 to 20-lobed calyx, the enlarged calyx-lobes and petals after flowering about 14 line long and ciliate-hirsute. Stamens in pairs or 8 together opposite each petal. — H. alnifolium, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 127.
Hab.: Rockhampton, Dallachy.
Also in New Caledonia and the Fiji Islands.
The leaves in the Australian specimens are rather larger and more coriaceous than in those from the Fiji Islands, but are precisely as in New Caledonian specimens collected by Deplanche and Vieillard under Nos. 23 and 2070, and referred by them to H. tomentosum, Benth., from which they differ both in flowers and foliage. H. vitiense is much more nearly allied to H. fatidum. — Benth.
Wood white, close in grain ; suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 232.
2. H. circumpinnatum (flowers resembling a miniature shuttlecock), Bail. But. Bull. v. “ Darrinjar,” Cairns, E. Cowley. Shuttlecock Flower. A tall glabrous shrub, with the branchlets closely dotted with lenticels. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3 or 4in. long, f to lfin. wide in the centre, the margins often sharply toothed; petiole seldom over Jin. long; texture thin, coriaceous; primary nerves distant, reticulations fine and prominent. Racemes slender, terminal or in the upper axils, 3 or 4in. long, sometimes once forked near the end, but the branches closely appressed to each other. Peduncle, pedicel, and rhachis puberulous ; pedicels persistent, about 1 line long, subtended by a setaceous bract nearly as long. Flowers grey, hairy, about 3 lines diameter, tapering into a long calyx-tube ; calyx-lobes 5 or 6 linear. Petals 5 or 6, some- what spathulate ; stamens 2 or 3, opposite each petal ; filaments hairy in the lower half, the ovary not so densely. Styles 5.
Hab.: Cairns, E. Cowley.
This species differs from H. vitiense, Benth., in its smaller stature, less hairy pedicellate flowers, and smaller setaoeous bracts, and from H. brachybotrys, F. v. M., in its larger flowers and greater number of stamens.
Wood of a yellow colour, close-grained, and hard. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 231a.
3. H. brachybotrys (bunches short), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 127 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 310. Glabrous or nearly so, except the inflorescence. Leaves oval- elliptical or obovate, obtuse, entire or obscurely sinuate, rarely exceeding 2in. and mostly about lin. long, narrowed into a petiole, drying of a paler colour than most of the genus. Flowers very small, sessile, in simple slender spikes of about lin., the rhachis pubescent as well as the flowers. Calyx-tube ovoid, about J line long ; lobes 6, narrow-linear, rather shorter than the tube. Petals 6, oblong or spathulate, rather longer and much broader than the calyx-lobes. Stamens solitary opposite each petal, alternating with small tufts of hairs ; filaments glabrous, about as long as the petals. Styles and placentas 4. Ovary woolly-hairy, conical. — Blackwellia brachyhotrya, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. iii. 48.
Hab : Granite rocks, sources of the Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Walsh River, T. Barclay Millar.
Order LVI. PASSIFLORE^E.
Calyx-tube short or rarely elongated ; lobes 4 or 5, valvate or more or less imbricate in the bud, often coloured inside. Petals as many as calyx-lobes, inserted at their base and alternating with them, often persistent with them and much resembling them, sometimes small or rarely wanting. Stamens usually as many as calyx-lobes, rarely twice as many, inserted at the base of the calyx, but often connate with the ovary-stalk to near the top and appearing to be there inserted. Ovary usually stalked, 1-celled, with 3 or rarely 5 parietal placentas,
Pl.XXV.
Ho rrvaliu rru circixn ifririnsj±iurn,
GovlJLtHio Offuu
JZrisbans.. &
F. C Willy
LVI. PASSIFLOREiE.
687
each with several ovules. Style divided into as many branches as there are placentas, with terminal stigmas. Fruit indehiscent and succulent or opening in valves between the placentas. Seeds often arillate ; albumen fleshy. Embryo straight, with leafy cotyledons, the radicle next the hilum. — Climbers, or rarely, in genera not Australian, erect herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or divided, with stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, solitary or in cymes or racemes, on axillary peduncles. Tendrils axillary, often accompanying or terminating the peduncles.
The Order is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World. Of the 2 Australian genera, one is almost entirely American, the other is also in Africa and Asia.
Tribe I. Passifloreae.— Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals distinct or wanting. Corona conspicuous , in one or more rows. Styles consolidated or distinct.
Stamens hypogynous 1. Passielora.
Tribe II. IVIodecceae. — Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite. Petals distinct, usually inconspicuous. Corona inconspicuous or wanting.
Flowers unisexual. Stamens perigynous ; anthers 2-celled 2. Mohecca.
Tribe III. Papayaceae. — Flowers unisexual or a few hermaphrodite in the panicles, Male and female perianths dissimilar. Calyx minute. Corolla, male tubular, female 5-petalous. Stamens 2-seriate, inserted in the corolla-tube. Trees small, erect ; sap milky . 3. *Carica.
1. PASSIFLORA, Linn.
(Passion Flower.)
(Disemma, Labill.; Murucuja, Pers.j
Calyx-tube short. Petals rarely wanting and often like the calyx lobes. One or several rings of coloured filaments or appendages forming a corona within the petals. Stamens as many as calyx-lobes, so united with the ovary-stalk as to appear to be inserted at or near its summit. Styles 3, with large capitate stigmas. Fruit succulent or pulpy, indehiscent, or opening obscurely in 3 valves. — Climbers with axillary tendrils. Leaves entire or palmately lobed or divided. Flowers usually hermaphrodite, the calyx-lobes coloured inside nearly or quite as much as the petals.
The species are numerous in tropical or subtropical America, with a very few from Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
Sect. I. Dysosmia. — Flowers 5-merous. Peduncles solitary, l glowered . Corona 3 to 5- seriate. Petioles with or without glands. Bracts 3, lacerated.
Glandularly hairy. Leaves entire or 3-lobed. Petioles without glands.
Stipules very much divided. Flowers white. Fruit inflated ... 1. P.foetida.
Sect. II. Cicca. — Flowers 5-merous. Peduncles frequently solitary, 1- flowered. Corona 3 rarely 2-seriate. Petals none. Bracts minute or none. Petioles 2-glandular.
Nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-lobed. Petiole with dark glands. Flowers
greenish. Fruit 4 to 6 lines diameter, very dark 2. P. suberosa.
Sect. III. G-ranadilla. — Flowers 5-merous. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Petioles glanduliferous. Bracts 3, large. Corona 3 to 5-seriate. Stipules often foliuceous.
Branches 4-angular. Petioles 6-glandular. Leaves roundish-ovate.
Stipules large. Flowers large. Petals rosy. Corona violet ... 3. P. quadrangu laris. Glaucous. Leaves 3-lobed with a glandular serration at base of lobes.
Petiole with 2 glands near the middle. Stipules cordate. Flowers white 4. P. alba.
Leaves 3-lobed ; lobes serrated. Petiole glands 2, near the top. Flowers
white. Fruit purple when ripe 5. P. edulis.
Sect. IV. DiBeiMBa. — Flowers 5-merous. Petals 5. Corona '2-seriate, the inner one united in a crcnate or shortly-lobed ring or tube.
Pubescent. Leaf-lobes rather acute. Inner ring of the corona connivent
or contracted at the top 6. P. Herbertiana.
Glabrous. Leaf-lobes usually obtuse. Inner ring of the corona erect and plicate, scarcely contracted at the top.
Calyx 1J to 2in. long
Calyx under lin. long
7. P. aurantia.
8. P. brachystephana.
688
LVl. PASSIFLOREjE.
[Passijiora.
1. *P. foetida (fetid), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 331 ; Bot. lie;/, t. 321 ; Dot. May. t. 2619 ; Benth. FI. Honyk. 123. A herbaceous climber, usually very hairy. Leaves stalked, cordate, and mostly 3-lobed, 2 to 3in. long, softly villous on both sides. Stipules fringed with hair-like lobes, tipped with a small gland. Peduncles axillary, 1 to 2in. long, bearing a single flower, closely surrounded and almost enclosed in a moss-like involucre, consisting of 3 bracts very much divided into hair-like glandular lobes. Petals pale purplish-white, spreading to about 2in. diameter.
Hab.: A South American plant which has become naturalised in Queensland and many other warm countries.
2. *P, suberosa (corky stem), Linn., var. minima (least). A slender- stemmed climber with dark-green foliage. Leaves glabrous, 5-nerved at the base, ovate, somewhat cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate, mucronate. Petioles biglandular at the apex or above the middle, often ciliate. Flowers yellowish-green, the inner rim of corona purplish. Fruit globose, about 4 to 6 lines diameter, when ripe very dark.
Hab.: A Brazilian climber naturalised in many localities.
3. ::P. quadrangularis (four-angular stem), Linn. The large Granadilla. A strong glabrous climber. Stems quadrangular, almost or quite winged. Leaves ovate-roundish, sub-cordate at the base, mucronate, quite entire, arch-veined, the petiole with usually 3 pairs of glands near the summit. Stipules large, ovate or ovate-oblong. Involucre of 3 bracts. Flowers large, variegated, very fragrant and showy, the petals rosy, corona violet. Fruit oblong.
Hab.: This South American climber has become naturalised in some of the scrubs of northern Queensland.
4. ::P. alba (flowers white) Link and Otto. Branches striate. Leaves distant, 24 to 3in. long, 3in. broad, glaucous, five-nerved, 3-lobed, lobes mucronate and glandular-serrate at the base. Petioles about 14in. long, with 2 glands about the middle and 1 or 2 higher up. Stipules large, oblong-cordate. Flowers white. Petals membranous, linear-oblong. Corona filaments in several series. Fruit oval, about Hin. long.
Hab.: This Brazilian climber has become naturalised in many localities.
5. *P. edulis (edible), Sims. Bot. May. t. 1989. Common Passion Fruit. A tall leafy climber. Leaves glabrous, 3-lobed, serrated ; petioles biglandular at the apex. Bracts glandularly serrated. Flowers whitish. Corona about equal in length to the calyx-lobes. Ovary glabrous. Fruit elliptic, size of a hen’s egg, purplish outside when ripe, the pulp of a somewhat orange colour. — Mart. FI. Braz. xiii., pt. 1, pi. 122.
Hab.: This Brazilian plant has become naturalised in both north and south Queensland.
6. P. Herbertiana (after Lady Carnarvon), Lindl. Bot. Rey. t. 737 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 311. A tall robust climber, more or less pubescent. Leaves broad, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, larger than in P. aurantia, often 3in. long or more, with 3 broad triangular almost acute lobes, pubescent on both sides (sometimes minutely so), the petiole with 2 glands very near the summit or sometimes w.anting. Flowers solitary or in pairs, rather large, on pedicels much shorter than the leaves, with 2 or 3 scattered setaceous bracteoles at or below the middle. Calyx-lobes nearly 14in. long, of a greenish-white or pale orange-yellow. Petals narrow, scarcely more than half as long as the calyx-lobes. Inner corona about 4in. long, broadly tubular but contracted at the orifice, crenate or shortly lobed ; outer corona rather shorter, of a single row of filaments. Gynophore
Passiflora.)
LVT. PASSIFLOREiE. 689
rather shorter than the calyx-lobes. Fruit green, about 2in. long, oval. Seeds very dark, foveolate-rugose. — Disemma Herbertiana, DC. Prod. iii. 832 ; F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 68.
Hab.: Brisbane- River, Moreton to Rockingham Bay.
7. P. aurantia (orange-coloured), Forst. Quite glabrous. Leaves broad, usually under 3in. long, with 3 broad obtuse lobes rarely divided to the middle of the leaf, and each lobe occasionally sinuate or more or less distinctly 2 or 3-lobed, the petiole with 2 glands very near or distant from the summit, very rarely obscure or altogether wanting. Flowers rather large, sometimes pale when they first open but soon assuming a brick-red ctr dull scarlet colour, on pedicels much shorter than the leaves, with 2 or 3 scattered setaceous bracteoles at or below the middle. Calyx-lobes about ljin. long or rather more. Petals narrow, scarcely more than half as long as the calyx-lobes. Inner corona broadly tubular, slightly contracted, plicate and shortly lobed at the orifice ; outer corona about the same length, of a single row of filaments. Ovary-stalk longer than the petals, shorter than the calyx-lobes. Fruit oval, about l^in. long.— P. coccinea, Soland. in Herb. Banks, not of Aubl.; Disemma coccinea, DC. Prod. iii. 333 ; P. Banksii, Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 312.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and others; islands of the coast, M'GiUivray, Henne.
8. P. brachystephana (crown short), F. v. M. Glabrous, like P. aurantia. Leaves smaller but otherwise precisely the same. Flowers also differing only in size. Calyx under lin. long. Petals less than half as long. Corona very short, but otherwise like that of P. aurantia. — Disemma braclujstephana, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 56.
Hab.: Scrub on the Burdekin, F. v. Mueller.
There was but a single expanded flower on the specimens, and in that the petals do not show, but on examining a bud I found the structure precisely as in P. aurantia. The species will require verifying on better specimens. — Benth.
I have never seen this species growing, and the specimens of it sent to me by collectors differ in nowise from P. aurantia.
2. MODECCA, Lam.
(An Indian name.)
Flowers unisexual. Calyx-tube short, campanulate or elongated. Petals small, especially in the females. Stamens as many as calyx-lobes, usually with a small scale opposite to each, free or united at the base, reduced in tbe females to small staminodia, or wanting. Ovary rudimentary in the males, more or less stalked in the females, with 3 parietal placentas, stigmas 3, sessile or nearly so, or on a 3-fid style. Capsule inflated, coriaceous or thin, more or less dehiscent in 3 valves. Seeds with a small cup-shaped aril. — Tall climbers. Leaves entire or palmately or pinnately lobed or divided ; stipules often inconspicuous. Flowers usually very small, white or green, in cymes or racemes, on axillary peduncles, the rhachis produced into a simple tendril.
The genus extends over tropical Africa and Asia. Of the 2 Australian species, one is endemic, although very nearly resembling one from Kasia ; the other is also met with in tropical Asia.
Fruit broad and very obtuse at the end 1. M. australis.
Fruit tapering towards each end ,2. .M. populifolia.
1. 1VE. australis (Australian), R. Br. in DC. Prod. iii. 337 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 312. A climber extending greatly amongst underwood (A. Cunningham, j , quite glabrous. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate- cor.late, quite entire, scarcely acuminate, 4in. long or more, membranous, the
690
LVI. PASSIFLORE^E.
[Modecca.
base of the limb very shortly decurrent on the petiole and expanded into 2 rather large often confluent glands. Peduncles long and slender, terminating in a rather strong tendril, at the base of which are a pair of small opposite pedunculate cymes of very small flowers, very imperfect in our specimens, but according to Bauer’s figure, given Joy Endlicher, presenting all the character’s of the genus ; the stigmas are on very short distinct styles. Capsule ovoid, inflated, about 2in. long, very smooth, deep red or crimson. Seeds ovate, flat, almost muricate. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 114, 115.
Hab.: Thursday Island.
2. populifolia (Poplar-shaped leaves), Blame, Bumphia i. 168, t. 50. A glabrous climber, extending some distance over adjoining shrubs and trees ; stems striate, scarcely sulcate. Leaves cordate, ovate-acute, membranous, 4 to Sin. long, 2 to Sin. broad near the base ; petiole about lin., with 2 apical glands. Peduncles rather long and slender, terminating, as in M. australis, in a rather strong tendril, at the base of which are a pair of small opposite pedunculate cymes. (No flowers on the specimens examined.) Fruit stipitate, B^in. long, tapering to both ends, of a rich crimson. Seeds lenticular, 3| lines diameter, dark-brown and deeply pitted.
Hab.: Ranges about Trinity Bay, E. Cowley, L. J. Nuyent, and Mrs. A. Taylor.
Also indigenous in tropical Asia.
3. :|'CARICA, Linn.
(From its supposed leaf resemblance to the common fig, Ficus curica, Carian.)
Flowers unisexual or sometimes hermaphrodite. Male flowers : Calyx small, 5-lobed ; corolla hypocrateriform, the tube slender, elongated, lobes oblong or linear, valvate or contorted ; stamens 10, inserted at the throat of the corolla, biseriate ; anthers 2-celled ; ovary rudimentary, subulate. Female flowers : Calyx of the males ; petals 5, linear-oblong, erect, deciduous ; staminodia none ; ovary free, sessile, 1 or spuriously 5-celled ; style none or very short ; stigmas 5, dilated or linear, simple or lobed, ovules numerous. Berry fleshy, sulcate, pulpy within, indehiscent. Seeds ovoid, subcompressed ; testa coriaceous or crusta- ceous, smooth, rugose, or echinate. Trees or shrubs with simple thick stems and milky sap. Leaves alternate, subpeltate, palmate, digitately divided into 7 to 9 lobes. — Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI.
1. C. Papaya (original name of the fruit), Linn. Papaw. Stems simple or rarely branched, thick, spongy inside, the leaves about the summit, on long petioles, glabrous, of about 7 pinnatifid lobes. On the male plants the flowers are borne on long drooping panicles, with often a few hermaphrodite or female flowers at the end ; the flowers on the female plants are usually sessile or nearly so in the axils of the leaves.
Hab.: This plant of tropical America has become naturalised in many of the scrubs of tropical Queensland.
Order LVII. CUCURBITACEjE.
Flowers usually unisexual. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary and produced above it into a campanulate or tubular 5-toothed or 5-lobed free portion, which forms the whole calyx in the males. Petals 5, free or united in a lobed corolla, adnate to the free part of the calyx-tube and usually so confluent with it as to appear continuous with it between its teeth or lobes. Stamens 3 or 5, inserted on the calyx-tube below the petals, the filaments free or united ; anthers separate or confluent into a waved or curved mass. Ovary usually 1-celled when very young, either with 3 or (rarely 4 or 5) parietal placentas soon thickening and
LVII. CUCURBITACEiE.
691
meeting in the axis, dividing into as many or twice as many cells, or with 1 placenta and remaining 1-celled. Style 1, entire or 3-lobed, or rarely 8 almost distinct styles ; stigmas 3 (rarely 4 or 5), entire or lobed. Ovules 1 or more to each placenta. Fruit succulent or coriaceous, often with a hard rind, indehiscent or bursting irregularly or rarely opening in 3 valves. Seeds usually flat, often obovate or oblong, without albumen; testa coriaceous or bony. Embryo straight; cotyledons large, usually notched at the base, with a short radicle. — Herbs (except in a few species not Australian) weak, prostrate or climbing by means of tendrils arising from the sides of the stems near the petioles, generally more or less scabrous or hispid. Leaves alternate, without stipules, usually palmately veined and angular, lobed or divided. Flowers unisexual in all the Australian genera, on axillary peduncles, the males usually in racemes or clusters, or sometimes solitary, the females generally solitary.
A considerable Order, dispersed over all but the colder regions of the globe, but most abundant in dry hot countries, especially in Africa.
Tribe I. Cucumerinece. — Ovules horizontal (or pendulous). Female flowers usually solitary , never paniculate. Leaves not divided into distinct leaflets.
Anther-cells very flexuose or conduplicate.
Calyx-tube elongated. Petals fringed with long cilia 1. Trichosanthe.
Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate. Petals not fringed.
Tendrils branched.
Male flowers large, solitary. Fruit large with a hard rind, dry but not
fibrous 2. Lagenaria.
Male flowers in pedunculate racemes. Fruit dry, fibrous 3. Luffa.
Male and female flowers solitary. Fruit oblong. Seeds smooth, with
thickened margins. Petioles eglandulous 4. Benincasa.
Tendrils simple.
Corolla with incurved scales at the insertion of the stamens. Anthers
without appendage. Fruit usually pulpy, somewhat dehiscent . . 5. *Momordica.
Male flowers clustered or solitary. Anthers tipped with an appendage
to the connective. Fruit pulpy or fleshy 6. Cucumis.
Flowers all solitary, connective not produced at the apex. Tendrils 2 to 3-fid 7. *Citrullus.
Male flowers racemose. Style short, dilated into three 2-forked recurved-
subulate stigmatose branches. No tendrils 8. *Ecballium.
Corolla campanulate, lobed to above or about the middle, rarely below it.
Tendrils usually divided. Flowers solitary 9. *Cucurbita.
Anther-cells flexuous. Style inserted in an annular disk 10. Bryonia.
Male flowers corymbose or subumbel late or racemed, connective not pro- duced. Fruit shortly peduncled 11. Zehneria.
Calyx-tube turbinate. Anther-cells straight, parallel ; connective of anther minutely produced at apex. Female flowers sessile, without staminodia . 12. Mukia. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate. Anthers without appendages. Female
flowers pedunculate, bearing staminodia 13. Melothria.
Tribe II. Sicyoideae. — Stamens 3 to 5 ; filaments usually connate. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule.
Tendrils branched. Flowers small. Fruit small, prickly in the Australian species 14. Sicyos.
Tribe III. Zanoniese. — Flowers small, females paniculate or in racemes. Stamens 5 ; filaments free. Ovary hearing 3 placentas. Fruit 1-celled, cylindrical or 3-gonous. Seeds winged. Calyx 5-lobed. Stamens 5, free. Seeds winged at the top end 15. Alsomitra.
1. TRICHOSANTHES, Linn.
(The corolla fringed with hairs.)
Calyx in the males and free part of it in the females oblong or cylindrical, dilated upwards, 5-lobed. Corolla rotate, deeply divided into 5 oblong or lanceo- late lobes, bordered by long hair-like lobes or cilia. Stamens in the males 3, filaments very short, free ; anthers 2 with 2 cells, 1 with 1 cell, the cells condu- plicate. Ovary in the females oblong or globular, with 3 placentas ; style slender, with 3 linear stigmas, the gynoecium reduced in the males to 3 filiform
692
LVII. CUCURBITACE,®.
[ Trichnsanthes .
rudiments. Fruit succulent, often large, with a hard rind. Seeds smooth or with undulate or crenate margins. — Climbing annuals or perennials. Tendrils 2 or 3-branched. Flowers white, large or small, the males in pedunculate racemes, the females solitary.
The genus is dispersed over tropical Asia and America. Of the 4 Australian species, 2 are common Asiatic ones, the other 2 are endemic, but as yet insufficiently known. — Benth.
Leaves palmately or pedately divided into petiolate segments 1. T. pentaphylla.
Leaves palmately lobed.
Male racemes without bracts. Fruits acuminate 2. T. cucurnerina.
Male racemes with large broad leafy bracts. Fruits not acuminate ... 3. T. pahnata. Leaves ovate-cordate, not lobed, softly villous. Male racemes with small oblong or lanceolate bracts 4. T. Hearnii.
1. T. pentaphylla (leaflets 5), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 314 ; Apparently a large climber, the specimens quite glabrous. Leaves palmately or pedately divided into 5 ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate entire segments, about 3 to &in. long, all petiolulate or the lateral ones rarely united at the base. Tendrils 3-branched. Male flowers unknown. Females solitary, shortly pedicellate. Calyx-tube cylindrical, rather thick, broad and obtuse at the base, produced far above the ovary, rather more than lin. long; lobes broadly lanceo- late, acuminate, 3 to 4 lines long, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth. Corolla-lobes fringed. Fruit as round as a ball, beautifully red, the flesh deep yellow, the pulp dark green ( Dallachy ). Seeds compressed, thick, oblong, the margin entire.
Hab.: Brisbane River ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; Rockingham Bay. Dallachy.
The specimens do not admit of the further examination of the flowers, of which there is only one ready to open. The foliage is that of a Telfairia, to which it may possibly have to be trans- ferred notwithstanding the narrower seeds, unless the two genera be combined into one. — Benth.
2. T. cucurnerina (fruit like a Cucumber), Linn. Spec. PI. 1432 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 314. Stems slender, although sometimes extending to a great length. Leaves nearly orbicular or reniform in their outline, broadly cordate at the base, mostly 3 to 4in. diameter, palmately 3 to 7-lobed, the lobes broad, rarely reaching to the middle and irregularly toothed, more or less scabrous- pubescent. Tendrils 3-branched. Male flowers in a short raceme at the end of a long slender peduncle, without bracts. Calyx-tube in the young bud short, broad and rounded at the base ; teeth very short and recurved. Corolla-lobes narrow-oblong, 4in. long, besides the fringe of long cilia. Female flowers shortly pedicellate. Calyx-tube attenuate above the ovary into a long slender neck. Fruit ovoid-conical, acuminate, not exceeding 2in., orange-red or yellow when ripe. Seeds about 8 or 10, thick but flattened, with the margin more or less crenate. — Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xviii. 191.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant by F. v. Mueller , but without locality.
Common in hedges, <tc., in East India.
3. T. palmata (leaves palmate), Roxb. FI. Inil. iii. 704 ; Benth. VI, Austr. iii. 315. A coarse climber. Leaves broad, palmately 3 to 7-lobed, the lobes sometimes broad and short, more frequently especially the central one reaching to below the middle and more or less sinuate-toothed or lobed, pubescent. Male racemes on long stout peduncles, at first short and head-like, at length elongated, with a broadly cuneate or orbicular toothed or jagged bract at least lin. diameter under each pedicel. Pedicels very short. Calyx-tube above lin. long, attenuate below the middle ; lobes ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4 lines long. Petals obovate, fringed with very long cilia. Female flowers shortly pedicellate. Calyx- tube abruptly contracted above the ovary. Fruit nearly globular, not acuminate, 2 to 3in. diameter. — Wight and Arn. Prod. 350, with the synonyms adduced ; Wight, Illustr. t. 104, 105 ; T. subvelutina, F. v. M. (Alfred Cogniaux).
Hab.: Brisbane River. IF. Hill ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (with larger less-lobed leaves).
The species is common in forests in India, where it climbs to the tops of the loftiest trees. — Roxburgh-
Trichosanthes.]
LVII. CUCURBIT ACEiE.
693
4. T. Hearnii (After Dr. W. E. Hearn), F. v. M. Herb.\ Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 315. Of this there are two male fragments in F. v. Mueller’s collection under the name of T. Hearnii. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, denticulate and sometimes obscurely sinuate-lobed, like those of T. dioica, Roxb. (now united to T. nervifolia ) and T. cordata, but, instead of being scabrous-pubescent only, they are densely and softly villous underneath. Male racemes on long peduncles. Bracts persistent, oblong or lanceolate, entire or toothed, but only 2 or 3 lines long. Calyx-tube slender, attenuate at the base, above Ain. long ; lobes narrow, acute. Petals broadly oblong, densely fringed with long cilia.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (Herb. F. v. Mueller).
A male specimen in Herb. R. Br., from the islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in bud only, may belong to the same species, but some of the leaves are deeply divided into 2 to 5 lobes. — Benth.
2. LAGENARIA, Ser.
(From lagena, a flask.)
Calyx in the males, and free part of it in the females, campanulate or tubular, with 5 teeth or lobes. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens in the males 3, shorter than the calyx-tube ; filaments free ; anthers 2 with 2 cells, 1 with 1 cell, the cells linear, flexuose, bordering the connective. Ovary in the females from obovoid to cylindrical, with 3 placentas, and numerous horizontal ovules ; style short, thick, with 3 bifid stigmas. Fruit large, indehiscent, with a hard rind and fungous flesh. Seeds variously shaped. — Large climber. Tendrils 2-branched. Flowers white, both males and females solitary.
The genus consists only of a single species.
1. la. vulgaris (common), Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. 299 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 316. A coarse climber, often emitting a musky odour, more or less pubescent or villous. Leaves rather large, broadly orbicular-cordate, angular and denticulate or obscurely or shortly lobed. Tendrils usually 2-branched. Male flowers rather large, white, on peduncles of 2 to 4in. • Calyx-tube turbinate, about Jin. long; lobes or teeth linear, shorter than the tube. Corolla expanding to 2 or 3in. diameter. Female flowers rather smaller, on shorter peduncles. Fruit very variable in shape and size.
Hab.: From Broadsound to Port Denison, Thozet.
The species appears to be indigenous in Asia and Africa, but is much cultivated and establishes itself in many tropical and subtropical countries. It includes the Bottle and many other Gourds. — Benth.
3. LUFFA, Cav.
(From the Egyptian or Arabian name of one species, often spelt “ Loofah.”)
Calyx in the males, and free part of it above a narrow tube in the females, campanulate or turbinate, with 5 teeth. Corolla rotate, deeply divided into 5 oblong-obovate or obcordate lobes. Stamens in the males 3 or rarely 5 ; filaments free, or 2 connate and the third free ; anthers protruding from the calyx-tube, two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells flexuose, the connective without any appendage. Ovary in the females elongated, with 3 placentas and many horizontal ovules ; style columnar, the stigma divided into 3 bifid lobes ; rudimentary gyncecium in the males a small gland. Fruit dry, oblong or cylindrical terete or ribbed, fibrous inside, the small hard conical end (or base of the style) circumsciss and deciduous. Seeds oblong, compressed. — Prostrate or climbing annuals, often large. Leaves palmately 3 or 7-lobed. Tendrils branched. Flowers rather large, yellow or white, the males in pedunculate racemes, the females solitary. Fruits usually rather large.
The genus comprises a few Asiatic and a greater number of African species.
694
LVII. CUCURBITACEiE.
[hujfa.
1. X.. aegyptiaca (Egyptian), Mill. Diet.; Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. 303 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 316. Towel Gourd. A large climber. Leaves large, broad, the lower ones 5-angled, the upper ones more or less deeply 5-lobed, the lobes, at least the central one, usually acute, often above 6in. diameter, more or less scabrous. Tendrils 3-branched. Male racemes elongated, on long peduncles, without bracts. Pedicels short. Calyx broadly turbinate, about £in. diameter. Corolla more than lin. diameter. Fruit oblong, from 2 or 3 to 8 or lOin. long, smooth, with 10 deeper coloured streaks when fresh, which in the dry state are often slightly raised ribs, but not acutely prominent as in L. acutangula. — L. pentandra, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 712; Wight, Ic. t. 499; L. ci/lindriea, Room.; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xii. 119, with the long list of synonyms adduced; L. leiocarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 107.
Hab. Gilbert and Burdekin rivers, F. v. Mueller; Fitzroy River, Thozet ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy.
The species is widely spread over tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. Naudin distin- guishes the Australian plant as a variety, which F. v. Mueller raises to a species on account of the fruit said to be not larger than a fowl’s egg without longitudinal lines. But in the specimens sent hy F. v. Mueller from the Gilbert River the fruits are quite as large and the slightly raised lines quite as conspicuous as in several of the Indian ones .— Benth.
Var. peramara , Bail. Plant of climbing habit, rambling over shrubs and small trees to the height of about 20ft. Stems 5-angular, smooth, the young growth hoary or silvery. Leaves 4 to Sin. diameter, more or less deeply 5-lobed, the lobes more or less toothed or lobed, the central lobe often much longer than the others and always acute, the lower lobes often rounded, scabrous, especially on the upper surface ; petioles angular, nearly of equal length with the lamina. Tendrils 2 or 3-branched or at times simple. Male flowers in short racemes on long peduncles, with a sessile, glabrous, thick, prominently tubercled, cordate bract at the base, and similar bracteoles under each flower. Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-nerved ; lobes longer than the tube, acuminate, 3 or 4 lines long. Corolla about 2in. diameter, yellow, divided into 5 obovate deeply divided lobes or petals, much bearded at the base. Stamens 5, in some flowers all free, in others 2 connate pairs and the other free. Female flowers solitary, pedunculate, in the same axils as the male, without bract or bracteole ; calyx-lobes tuberculate like the bracts, corolla as in the males. Fruit ovate-oblong, about 3in. long, 10-nerved, smooth, grayish or light-brown, internal fibres black and very bitter. Seeds oval, very dark brown with irregular jet-black spots, otherwise smooth, 4 lines long excluding the narrow wing by which it is surrounded. Hab.: Mulgrave River, Bellenden Ker Exped. 1889. — Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft says of the fruit of this plant: “Upon tasting it there is experienced an intensely bitter sensation, which in a few minutes disappears but leaves a distressing acridity in the throat, which is not at its worst until several hours afterwards. An extract is very poisonous and contains two principles, a bitter substance and a saponin. ” Paper to Linn. Soc. of N.S.W., Nov., 1889. — In. Fragm. iii. 107 Barron Mueller describes this Luffa under Naudin’s name of L. leiocarpa, but in his later works follows the FI. Austr. and places it as L. eegyptiaca, of which I consider the Australian plant had better be known as a distinct form, as above given.
4. BENINCASA, Savi.
(After Count Benincasa.)
Monoecious. Flowers all solitary. Male : Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes 5, leafy, serrate. Corolla rotate, 5-partite ; lobes obovate. Filaments free, inserted at the mouth of the calyx, short, flat, thick ; anthers exserted, one 1-celled, two 2-celled ; cells very flexuous, bordering the thick connective. Rudiment of ovary a glandule. Female flower : Staminodes 3. Ovary ovoid ; style stout, inserted in a disk ; stigmas 3, wavy ; ovules very numerous on 3 placentas. Fruit an ovoid or cylindric, thick, terete, soft, glaucous, hispid berry. Seeds numerous, ovoid- oblong, flat, margins thickened. Hairy annuals. Leaves orbicular-reniform, palmately 5-lobed ; petiole eglandular. Tendrils 2 to 3-fid. Flowers large, yellow. Fruit large, waxy externally.- — Hooker in Oliver’s FI. Trop. Africa ii. 532. The description referring particularly to the then known species, B. cerifera, Savi.
1. B. vacua (fruit hollow), F. r. M. Fragm. vi. 186, under Cucurbita. A climbing or creeping plant with angular stems. The young parts more or less covered with septate hairs. Leaves cordate, 5 or 3-lobed, 2 to Sin. long and broad, denticulate ; on petioles of about the same length, not glandulous at the
Bmincnm.]
LVII. CUCURBITACEiE.
095
apex. Tendrils 2-branched. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, 1 to Sin. long. Calyx-lobes about 4 lines long, linear-lanceolate. Corolla yellow, the lower portion for about lin. tubular. Stamens 3 ; filaments glabrous connate below. Anthers free, lobes twisted, connective dilated. Staminodia 3, in the female flowers orbicular-ovate, plane, 14 line long, glabrous. Style cylindric glabrous, 14- line long. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit large as an orange, yellowish green, at first pilose, the pith whitish and slightly bitter. Seeds dark, ovate, attenuated at the base, about 4 lines long.
Hab.: Many localities in the tropics.
Cogniaux l.c. places this and B. cerifera as forms only of B. idspida, the Cuciirbita lrispida, Thunb.
5. MOMORDICA, Linn.
(Named from the bitten appearance of the edge of the seed.)
Calyx in the males and free part of 'it in the females short, campanulate, with 5 lobes. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, usually divided to the calyx into 5 lobes. Stamens in the males 2 or 3 ; filaments short, free ; anthers at first coherent, at length free, one or two 2-celled, the others 4-celled, the Gells flexuose, the connective without any appendage. Two (or three ?) eonnivent scales on the tube of the calyx and corolla at the insertion of the stamens. Ovary in the females fusiform or oblong, with 3 placentas and several horizontal ovules ; style slender, with 3 stigmas. Fruit oblong, fusiform or cylindric, not fibrous, inde- hiscent or opening more or less in 3 valves. Seeds imbedded in pulp, flattened or convex, smooth or variously sculptured. — Climbers, usually slender. Leaves entire, lobed or 3 to 7-foliolate. Tendrils simple. Peduncles axillary, either all 1-flowered, with a broad bract under the flower, or the males paniculate.
The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of both the New and the Old World; most of the species, however, are African. The two following ones are common in Asia and Africa.
Leaves simple, entire, lobed or angled. Stamens 3. Male flowers solitary, bracteate. Bracts conspicuous.
Bracts near apex of peduncle. Calyx-lobes acuminate 1. M. BaUamina.
Bracts below or near middle of peduncle 2. .1/. Charantia.
1. IVI. Balsamina (balsam-bearing), [jinn.: Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. 311 ; Benth. b'l. Austr. iii. 318. A monoecious slender annual climber. Leaves thin and glabrous, orbicular in their circumscription, mostly under 2in. diameter, palmately and deeply 5 -lobed, the lobes more or less rhomboidal, deeply and acutely toothed or lobed. Peduncles all slender and 1-flowered, the males usually longer than the leaf, with a reniform or broadly cordate bract a little below the flower, the females shorter, with the bract below the middle. Calyx fully £in. diameter, with very thin broad acute lobes longer than the tube. Corolla yellow, nearly twice as long as the calyx. Female flowers rather smaller. Ovary fusiform, attenuate under the free part of the calyx. Fruit ovoid-globular, more or less attenuate at the end, about lin. diameter, bursting irregularly. Seeds 5 or 6, rather large, each one enveloped in a red pulp.
Hab.: Widely spread over Asia and Africa, and now introduced into America. Naturalised in Queensland.
2. 1VI. Charantia (Charantia), Linn, in Oliver Trap. PI. Afri. ii. 537. Monoecious; glabrous or pubescent- pilose. Stem very slender. Leaves 1 to 4in. in diameter, membranous, reniform-orbicular, pedately 5 to 7-lobed to near the base, basal sinus broad, lobes oblong-lanceolate or rhomboid, often much contracted at the base, obtusely sinuate or lobulate. Tendrils simple. Male peduncle 1 to 5in. long, very slender. Bract about the middle reniform or orbicular-cordate, green, quite entire. Calyx-lobes ovate, acute. Corolla irregu- lar, 4- to 14-in. in diameter, yellow. Anthers flexuose, connective narrow.
Part II. BI5
096
LVII. CUCURBIT ACEjE.
[WinWord ica.
Female peduncle slender, 1 to Bin. long, bracteate towards the base. Ovary fusiform, rostrate, nmricate, 8 to Gin. long, rostrate, with tuberculate ridges, the tubercles triangular. Seeds few, like those of M. Balsam hm, but more sculptured. — Wight, Ic. t. 504.
Hab.: India and Africa. Naturalised in Queensland.
0. CUCUMIS, Linn.
(Derivation obscure.)
Calyx in the males, and free part of it in the females turbinate or campanulate, with 5 teeth or lobes. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-lobed or divided to the calyx. Stamens 8 ; filaments short, free ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell ; cells linear, fiexuose, connective produced into a crest-like appendage beyond the cells. Ovary in the female with 8 (rarely 5) placentas and numerous horizontal ovules; style short, with 8 (rarely 5) obtuse stigmas. Fruit .variously shaped, fleshy with a hard rind, indehiscent or rarely tardily opening in 3 valves. Seeds oblong, compressed, the margin not thickened. — Climbers either annual or with a perennial rhizome, more or less hispid. Tendrils simple. Flowers yellow, the males in axillary clusters or rarely solitary, the females solitary, usually sessile or shortly pedicellate.
The genus extends over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World. The only Australian species is a common one in Asia.
1. C. trigonus (somewhat triangular fruit), Roxb. FI. Iiul. iii. 722 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 317. A rather slender creeper or climber, sometimes rigidly hispid, almost aculeolate, sometimes scabrous-pubescent. Leaves not large, usually broadly ovate-cordate in their outline, either nearly entire or more or less 3, 5, or 7-lobed, the lobes slightly or sometimes more deeply toothed, usually scabrous. Flowers small, on short slender pedicels. Calyx in the males from a little more than 1 line to nearly 2 lines long, pubescent-hirsute or densely woolly ; lobes short and narrow. Corolla about Un. diameter, the lobes acute. Female flowers usually rather larger, the adnate tube ovoid or oblong, 3 to 4 lines long, tomentose-pubescent or densely woolly. Fruit globular or ovoid, often quite glabrous, but sometimes retaining a few scattered hairs, from under lin. diameter to more than twice that size. — Wight, Ic. t. 497 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xi. 30; C. pubescem, Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 110; C.jucundus and C. picro- carpus, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. iii. 46.
Hab.: Suttov and Bogan Rivers, Bowman: Fort Cooper, Thozet; Balonne River, Mitchell: Darling River to Cooper’s Creek ; and many other localities.
The only absolute difference to be gathered from Naudin’s investigations between C. trigonus, and what he concludes to be the wild Melon (C. Melo, var. agrestis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xi. 73; C. pubescens, of Indian botanists, Wight, Ic. t. 496, and probably of Willd.) , is, that the former has a perennial root, or rather rhizome, and roots very readily at the joints, whilst the Melon is strictly annual. As, however, the stems are always annual, the existence of the perennial rhizome is rarely ascertained except in cultivation, and no collector of Australian specimens alludes to it. Some of these look very much like Indian specimens of the wild Melon, others have more the appearance of the Indian C. trigona , and some are not to be distinguished from the New Caledonian C. Pancherianus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xii. 112 t. 8. Most probably all are forms only of C. Melo. — Bentli.
Until our plants are more fully studied under cultivation, it is better to leave them with the above note from Benth. in FI. Austr.
7. *CITRULLUS, Schrad.
(Supposed Orange-like fruit.)
Flowers all solitary, monoecious. Male flowers : Calyx-tube campanulate, 5-lobed ; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed to below the middle, lobes obtuse ; fila- ments 3, very short, free, inserted within the tube ; anthers slightly cohering,
( ~'itrvlhtx .]
LVIT. CUCITRBITACEiE.
697
one 1 -celled, two 2-celled, cells lineal1, flexuous, bordering the broad connective which is not produced beyond the cells ; rudiment of ovary gland-like. Female flowers : Staminodes ligulate or setaceous ; ovary ovoid or globose ; style short, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules numerous on 3 placentas ; fruit globose, usually hard, smooth ; seeds many, oblong, compressed, smooth. — Annuals, rarely perennials, herbs. Foetid or musky, rarely scandent. Leaves deeply lobed ; lobes narrow. Tendrils usually 2 or 3-fid. Flowers shortly peduncled, yellow. Fruit large.
1. C. vulgaris (common), Schrait. Water or Pie-melon. Annual. Stem glabrous or woolly. Leaves triangular-ovate in outline, 3 to 7-lobed, glabrous or slightly hairy. Petals obovate, about 3 lines long, light yellow. Fruit variable in size and form.
Hab.: Cultivated in most warm countries; met with as a stray from cultivation in many parts of Queensland.
8. -ECBALLIUM, A. Rich.
(From ekbalUin , to cast out ; seed ejected from the fruit.)
Flowers monoecious. Male racemose. Calyx-tube short, campanulate, the limb 5 -fid. Corolla subrotund or broadly campanulate, deeply 5 -lobed, with oblong acute segments. Stamens 3 ; filaments short, free ; anthers broad, one 1 -celled, the others 2-celled, the cells flexuose, connective marginal. Female flowers solitary, pedunculate. Calyx above the ovary and corolla of the males. Stamens 3, imperfect. Ovary oblong, hispid, placentas 3 ; style short, dilated in three 2-furcate and recurved-subulate stigmatose branches. Fruit oblong, hispid- echinate, very juicy, when mature separating from top of articulate peduncle and elastically projecting seeds with juice from basal aperture. Seeds numerous, oblong, compressed, short or narrowly marginate, crowned at apex with short duplex aril of hilum and micropyle.
1. E. Elaterium (purging), A. Rich. The Squirting Cucumber. A perennial or annual herb, creeping, fleshy, everywhere hispid-pilose. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, cordate, obtuse, without tendrils. Flowers yellow, lateral, the female sometimes in the same axil with the male raceme, but usually in separate ones. — Bent, and Trim. Med. PI. pi. 115.
Hab.: A Mediterranean plant, has become naturalised along the banks of the Condamine, E. M. Shelton.
9. -CUCURBITA, Linn.
(Derived from Cucumis.)
Monoecious. Flowers all solitary. Male : Calyx-tube campanulate, lobes simple or foliaceous. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed to or below the middle ; lobes recurved at_the apex. Filaments 3, free, inserted at the base of the calyx ; anthers , connate, one 1-celled, two 2-celled, cells elongate, conduplicate. Rudiment of ovary none. Female flower: Staminodes 3. Ovary oblong; style short, stigmas 3, 2-lobed ; ovules numerous, on 3 placentas. Fruit fleshy, seeds many, ovate or oblong, flattened, margined or not. — Annuals or perennial-rooted tropical herbs ; branches usually prostrate and rooting. Leaves lobed, cordate at the base. Tendrils 2 to multifid. Flowers large yellow. — Hooker in Oliver FI. Trop. Africa ii. 555.
1. C. Pepo (Greek name for gourd or melon), DC. Annual. Stem creep- ing, rarely erect, angular and grooved. Leaves 5-lobed, with a deep basal sinus, lobes acute, often lobulate ; petioles and nerves beneath prickly. Peduncles obtusely 5-angled, Calyx of male flower campanulate, constricted beneath the
0 98
LVTT. CUCURBIT ACE J3.
[Cnrurhita .
corolla, teeth subulate. Fruiting peduncle often woody, angled and deeply grooved. Fruit with fibrous flesh. Seeds white. — Bent, and '[’rim. Med. PI. pi. 116.
Hab.: The Fumpkin of cultivation, often met with as a stray.
10. BRYONIA, Linn.
(From the Greek, alluding to the rapid growth of the plants.)
(Bryonopsis, Blume.)
Calyx in the males, and free part of it in the females, broadly campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens in the males 3 ; filaments free ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells flexuose. Ovary in the females fusiform, ovoid or globular, contracted at the top, with 3 placentas and few horizontal ovules; style slender, with 3 reniform or bifid stigmas. Fruit a globular or ovoid-conical berry. Seeds few. compressed, or with convex faces and a thickened margin enveloped in pulp. — Climbing herbs with simple or 2-branched tendrils. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers greenish- yellow, small as well as the fruits, in axillary racemes sometimes adduced to clusters.
The genus, taken in the above extended sense given to it by most botanists, although not numerous in species, ranges over the warmer and temperate regions both of the New and the Old World. The Australian species, however, belongs to the section Rryonopsis, now aodpted by Naudin as a distinct genus, limited to 2 or perhaps 3 Asiatic and African species, of which the Australian is one. — Benth.
1. B. laciniosa (leaves much divided), Linn.: Sir. in DC. Prod. iii. 308 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 319. Stems rather slender but extending to a great length. Leaves broad, very deeply palmatifid or almost pedatifid, the lobes ovate, ovate- lanceolate, or sometimes linear-lanceolate, often 3 to -fin. long, and more or less angular or sinuate-toothed. Tendrils usually 2-branched, but one branch some- times small or quite wanting. Flowers small, in very short axillary racemes usually reduced to clusters, the males and females often in the same axil, the rhachis rarely 3 to 4 lines long. Pedicels slender, from 1 to 5 or 6 lines long. Calyx 14 to 2 lines diameter. Corolla scarcely twice the size of the calyx. Berry globular, yellow or red, ab.iut lin. diameter. Seeds with a very thick transversely-furrowed border, the faces convex or conical within the border. — Wight, l.c. t. 509 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xii. 139, with the synonyms adduced ; Zehnerin erythrocarpa, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew .Tourn. viii. 51 (from the character given).
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham; Burdekin River, I‘\ v. Mueller ; Suttor River, Bowman : Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller.
The species is dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa. Naudin. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4 xii. 140, and xviii. 193, distinguishes this species, with 1 or 2 closely allied ones (or perhaps varieties) as the above-mentioned genus Bryonopsi*. This name was originally proposed by Blume for several old Bryonia s now referred to Zehnerin and other groups, and is now limited by Naudin to B. laciniosa and its allies, characterised especially by the seed, but also by monoecious not dioecious flowers, the clustered not racemose inflorescence, and branched not simple tendrils. But one of our European true Bryonias is monoecious, the clusters of B. laciniosa are nothing but short racemes, and the branched tendrils, although general, are not constant, and the genus rests solely on the seed, which appears to me to be a much better secfional than generic character. — Bentli.
11. ZEHNERIA, Endl.
(After Joseph Zehner.)
Flowers usually dioecious, all fascicled racemose or cymose. Male flowers : Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed or lobed. Corolla rotate, 5-partite, villous within, Filaments 3, rarely 4 or 5, inserted in the tube or base of the
Zehneria .]
LVII. CUCURBITACEiE.
699
calyx, stout or slender, often villous ; anthers orbicular, one 1 -celled, two2-celled, or all 1-celled, hairy at the back and sides, cells curved, connective not produced. Rudiment of ovary 8-lobed. Female flowers : Staminodes 8, linear. Ovary ovoid or subglobose ; style inserted on a thick annular disk ; stigma 8-lobed or stigmas 3, ovules numerous, on 3 placentas. Berry generally globose. Seeds few or many, obovate, flattened or tumid, usually smooth and margined, rarely tuberculate. — Slender, glabrous, scabrid or tomentose, scandent or prostrate, tropical perennial-rooted herbs. Leaves angled or toothed, often membranous. Tendrils simple. Flowers small, white or yellow. Fruit shortly peduncled, small. The stems and branches, which are invariably angled and grooved when dry, are possibly terete when fresh. — Hook, in Oliver FI. Trop. Afr. ii. 558.
1. Z. ejecta (casting out its seed), Bail. Queensland Squirting Cucumber. A glandular-hairy climber, covering shrubs to the height of 6 or more feet. Leaves 2in. long and more broad, membranous, the upper portion sharply 3-angular cordate at the base, lobes rounded, sinus broad, the margin except within the sinus bordered with distant, straight bristle-like teeth. Petioles about lin. long. Tendrils simple, filiform. Male flowers numerous on long pedicels in a short raceme (umbel-like) at the end of a long slender peduncle. (Flowers not in a fit state for describing.) Fruit solitary on a stouc peduncle in the same axil with the male inflorescence echinate, oval, about fin. long, when ripe ejecting the seed like the Squirting Cucumber. Seeds ik lines long, base tapering, upper end obtuse, about 2 lines broad, flat, faces pitted, margins thick.
Hab.: Thursday Island, E. Cowley (inflorescence 1893).
I only obtained fruit in 1897. When this plant can be more fully studied, it may be removed to Melothria ; however, at present I think it better placed as above.
12. MUKIA, Arn.
(From “ Murra,” its name in Malabar.)
Calyx in the males, and free part of it in the females, turbinate-campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, divided to the calyx into 5 acute lobes. Stamens in the males 3, filaments short, free ; anthers two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells parallel and straight, the connective produced into a short point beyond them ; the females without staminodia. Ovary in the females with 2 or 3 placentas and several horizontal ovules ; style clavate, with a thick 2 or 3-lobed stigma. Fruit a globular berry. Seeds few, compressed, scrobiculate. — Scabrous- hispid annuals, with the habit of (Juciuim. Leaves angular or rarely lobed. Flowers small, yellow, the males clustered an 1 pedicellate, the females solitary
and sessile or nearly so.
Leaves subdeltoid, angular or 3 to 5-lobed. Fruit globular, nearly Jin. in
diameter. Seeds about 2 lines long 1. .17. scabrella.
Leaves triangular-ovate. Fruit oval, about ljin. long. Seeds about 3J lines
long 2 . M. celcbica.
1. 1YI. scabrella (rough), Am. in Hook. Juurn. But. iii. 276 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 321. Rather slender, but very scabrous-hispid. Leaves shortly
petiolate, deeply cordate, from broadly triangular to ovate-lanceolate, and more or less hastate with broad rounded or angular lobes, usually obtuse, obscurely crenate or rarely shortly 3 or 5-lobed, mostly under 2in. long. Male flowers clustered in the axils, the pedicels 2 to 8 lines long ; females almost sessile. Calyx hirsute, above 1 line long, with small linear teeth. Corolla lobes about 1 line long. Adnate part of the calyx-tube or ovary in the females about 2 lines long, densely hirsute with long white hairs. Style surrounded by a cup-shaped disk. Berry globular, sometimes attaining Jin. diameter. — Wight, Ic. t. 501 ; Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. 142 ; Melothria iiiculerasjiatana , Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. 628.
700
LVII. CUCURBITACEjE.
[Mukia.
Hub.: Humpybong, Dr. Jos. Bancroft; Keppel and Shoalwater Bays and Northumberland Islands, E. Brown ; Burdekin and Gilbert Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Port Curtis and Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; N.E. coast, A. Cunningham; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, Thozet.
2. M. celebica (of the Celebes), A. Cogn. in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. 025. Stems climbing, slender, very little branched, sulcate, and sparsely rough with tubercles. Leaves somewhat rigid, triangular-ovate, slightly trilobed, pale green, and roughly dotted on the upper side, densely villous beneath with grey hairs, margins creuato- denticulate, apex acute or shortly acuminate, 2 to bin. long, and almost as broad, the basal sinus very narrow. Tendrils slender, elongate, sulcate, slightly hairy. Pedicel densely villous-hirsute, i to 1 line long ; male dowers fasciculate, female solitary. Calyx-tube shortly villous-hirsute, base rounded, 2 lines long, 1 line thick ; teeth erect, subulate, £ line long. Corolla very shortly villous, segments oblong, apex obtuse, 1 line long. Stamens-filaments \ line long ; anthers narrow-oblong, shortly ciliate, base entire, apex shortly appendi- culate, about 1 line long. Fruit peduncle 2J to 3 lines long, 1J line thick. Fruit fulvus, glabrous, smooth, about l|in. long, ljin. thick. Seeds brown, ovoid-oblong, shortly attenuated at the base, rounded at the apex, about 8 lines long, H line broad, and f to 1 line thick. — Melothria celebica, Cogn. l.c.
Hab.: No Australian habitat recorded by F. v. M. more than Queensland and North Australia.
13. MELOTHRIA, Linn.
(From its similarity to Briony.)
Calyx in the males, and upper free part of it in the females, campanulate, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed, with narrow lobes. Stamens in the males 3 ; filaments short, free ; anthers often slightly cohering, two with 2 cells, one with 1 cell, the cells straight and parallel, 3 small staminodia in the females. Ovary in the females with 3 placentas and several horizontal ovules ; style short, with 3 capitate, dilated or bifid stigmas. Fruit a small globular ovoid or fusiform berry. Seeds flat, oval or oblong, enveloped in pulp. — Slender climbing or prostrate herbs. Leaves triangular or palmately lobed. Tendrils simple. Flowers very small, yellow, the males in short racemes almost reduced to pedunculate umbels or sessile clusters, the females on slender axillary pedicels, solitary or clustered.
The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old
World, most abundant in Africa.
Leaves broadly triangular or hastate. Male flowers in a pedunculate
umbel-like raceme. Females on long filiform pedicels 1 . M. Cunninghamii.
Leaves palmately 5 or 7-lobed. Male and female flowers minute, clustered
in the same axils on filiform but rather short pedicels 2. M. Muelleri.
1. IVI . Cunninghamii (after Allan Cunningham), P. c. M. (as Zehneria) ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 320. Stems very slender, often filiform. Leaves broadly triangular or hastate, irregularly but not deeply toothed, or rarely obscurely 3 or 5-lobed, thin and somewhat scabrous, the larger ones nearly 3in. long, but mostly smaller. Tendrils simple, filiform. Male peduncles slender, bearing at the end a short corymbose raceme almost reduced to an umbel of about 0 small yellow flowers. Female flowers usually solitary in the axils, on filiform pedicels of 1 to 2in., with rarely a male flower in the same axil. Calyx about 1 line diameter. Corolla about 2 lines diameter. Ovary or calyx-tube of the females attenuate into a slender neck. Stigmas capitate. Berry globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter. — Zehneria Cunninghamii, F. v. M. in Hook. Ivew Journ. viii. 51.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. r. Mueller: Breakfast Creek, Bowman; Rockhampton, Dallachy .
This species is nearly allied to the African M. triangularis, Benth. The northern specimens in Herb. R. Brown have the leaves broadly cordate, the flowers rather longer and the fruits rather larger, almost ovoid, but they appear to belong to the same species. Benth.
Melothria.]
LVII. CUCURBIT ACE.®.
701
2. 1VI. lYEaelleri (after Baron von Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 320. Small and rather slender, very scabrous but not hispid. Leaves on long petioles, deeply cordate, nearly orbicular, 1 to 2in. diameter, shortly and palmately 5 to 7-lobed, the lobes mostly obtuse, coarsely toothed or lobed. Tendrils small, filiform, simple. Flowers minute, on filiform pedicels of 2 to 3 lines, the males and females clustered in the same axils. Calyx not 1 line diameter, with minute teeth. Corolla about 2 lines diameter, divided to the calyx into obtuse lobes. Ovary or calyx-tube in the females ovoid, contracted into a short neck, the corolla smaller than in the males. Staminodia 3, very small. Stigmas remform or shortly 2-lobed. Berry globular, about Jin. diameter. — Cucurbita micrantha, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 17 ; Cucumis ? Muelleri, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, xi. 84 ; Zehneria micrantha, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 182, and PI. Viet, t. 18 ; Mukia micrantha, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 180 ; iii. 107.
Hab.: Georgina River.
14. SICYOS, Linn.
(The Greek name of Cucumber.)
Calyx in the males and free part of it above the narrow tube in the females eampanulate, with 5 small subulate teeth. Corolla rotate, divided to the calyx into 5 ovate lobes. Stamens in the males united in a column clavate at the top and more or less lobed, with 3 to 5 linear curved and fiexuose anther-cells. Ovary in the females 1 -celled with one pendulous ovule. Fruit small, dry, ovoid or oblong, acute or beaked, usually covered with prickles.— Prostrate or climbing herbs. Leaves angular, or 3 or 5-lobed. Tendrils 3-branched. Flowers small, the males in racemes sometimes reduced to corymbs or clusters ; the females pedicellate in the axils or sometimes in the same raceme with the males.
The genus is spread over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World. The only Australian species is a common American one.
1. S. angulata (3-angular-leavea), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 309 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 322. Stems rather slender, but extending sometimes to a great length, glabrous or sparingly scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, from broadly ovate- cordate to almost reniform, usually acutely 3-angled or palmately lobed, the central angle or lobe the longest, of a thin texture and often 3 to 4in. long or more. Male and female flowers often in the same axil, the males in a short raceme on a long peduncle, the females in a small dense cluster on a very short peduncle. Calyx in the males scarcely above 1 line diameter and the corolla rarely 3 lines, the females still smaller. Fruits ovoid, rarely Jin. long, densely covered with barbed prickles. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 143 ; S.fretensis, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 473; .S', australis, Endl. Prod. FI. Norf. 67 ; A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 648.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, V. v. Mueller.
A common weed in tropical and N America, widely dispersed over the Pacific Isles and New Zealand, but not recorded from Asia or Africa. — Benth.
A. Gray distinguishes .S'. australis from the common American form chiefly by its smaller flowers. It is not easy to judge of this from dried specimens without soaking, and the size appears variable, but certainly in some Australian specimens quite as large as in the common American forms. — Benth.
15. ALSOMITRA, Benth. et Hook., Gen. PI. i. 840.
Calyx in the males rotate, 5-parted, segments oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Corolla rotate, 5-parted, segments obtuse. Stamens 5, filaments short, near together at the base ; anthers small, oblong, at length recurved, 1-celled; ovary rudimentary. Female, with the calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary elongate- clavato, 1-celled ; styles 3 or 4, conical, fleshy, with semilunate stigmas; ovules very many, pendulous ; placentas 3, thick, vertical, parietal. Fruit large,
702
LVII. CUCLfRBITACExE.
[Alsomitra.
elongate-clavate, terete or sub-trigonous, truncate and 3-valved at the apex. Seeds very many, compressed vertical in 6 rows, much corrugated, incised or horned on the margin with a terminal membranous wing longer than the seed or none. — Large climbers, tendrils simple or 2-branched. Leaves with 3 oblong entire or serrated leaflets, with usually 2 glands at the base. Flowers small, dioecious, in compound panicles with filiform branches.— Gen. PI. l.c.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed, deep-green. Petioles and peduncles glandular-pilose, membranous, distantly repando-denticulate. Tendrils simple or 2 or
3-tid. Fruit papilose-verrucose 1. A. capricorniea.
Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets ovate-oblong, entire, glabrous. Petiolules short, eglandulous. Tendrils simple. Fruit smooth. Seed dark-brown,
slightly rough on both sides 2. A. Hookeri.
Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets entire, reticulate ; glands of the petiolules
with small depressed glands. Tendrils simple 3. A. Stephensiana.
Stems very long, with corky flanges. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets 2 to 4in. long. Tendrils simple or 2-branched. Male flowers in racemose panicles.
Female flowers solitary . 4. A. suberom.
1. A. capricorniea (from locality where found), /•'. r. M. Fragni. vii. 61 ; Cogniaux in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. 929. A short climbing plant with thin, scarcely branching sulcate stems. Petioles about lin. long, glandular-pilose. Tendrils copious, sometimes very long, slender, sulcate at the base and often bifid at the end. Leaves bright-green, 2 to Sin. long and often 3 to 5-lobed, the basal sinus large, not deep ; lobes deltoid. Common peduncle about lin. long ; pedicels of the male flowers capillary, glabrous, about 1 line long. Calyx-lobes 5, semilanceo- late acute, the tube as long as the lohes, also glabrous. Corolla light-yellow, membranous, campanulate, 5-lobed, lobes broad-ovate, almost acute, scarcely 1 line long. Filaments forming a glabrous column scarcely ^ line long. Anthers pale-yellow, £ line long, when expanded almost orbicular. Fruit peduncles 4 to 5 lines long, slender, pilose. Capsule subcylindrical, i-ounded at the base, green, chartaeeous, fragile, about lin. long. Seeds spathulate-obovate, dentate-tuber- culate on the margin, attenuate at the base, brown, scarcely 3 lines long, with an oblique terminal wing whitish and transparent.
Hab.: Gracemere, near Rockhampton, P. A. O’ Slimiest/ (F. v. M. l.c.) ; Cape Cleveland, A . Cunningham (Cogniaux l.c.)
2. A. Hookeri (after Sir J. I). Hooker), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 188 ; Cogniaux in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. 933. Branches angular, with a short pubescence. Petioles slender sulcate, shortly villous or nearly glabrous, A to lin. long. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets green on both sides, smooth, ovate-oblong, shortly acuminate, 2.V to 4Ain. long, 1 to 2in. broad, the lateral ones slightly unequal-sided at the base, petiolules short, eglandulose. Tendrils slender, simple, very long, sulcate and puberulous Male panicles much-branched with many flowers, terminal or lateral, flexuose and slender, 10 to 20in. long, 5 to Tin. broad ; pedicels capillary, puberulous, often fasciculate, 2 to 7 lines long, bracteolate at the base. Bracteoles subulate, J to 1 line long, Calyx puberulous ; segments linear-lanceolate, £ line long, about J line broad. Corolla very short, puberulous, greenish-yellow, segments ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved, about 1 line long. Filaments scarcely £ line long. Fruit ellipsoid-cylindric, truncate, brown, sparsely pilose, 1 to 2in. long. Seeds in outline subtriangular, both margins bilobed, base attenuated, apex truncate, 3^ lines long, 3 lines broad ; wing oblique, of a dirty white, transparent, oblong, rounded at the apex, 6 or 7 lines long, 3 lines broad. — DC. Mon. Phan. l.c.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Cape York. IV. Man and Beceari (F. v. M. l.c.)
3. A. Stephensiana (after T. B. Stephens), Cogniaux in DC. Mon. Phan. iii. 931. Plant sparsely pubescent or almost glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate, herbaceous ; leaflets 3i to Sin. long, 2 to 2iin. broad, entire terminal one ovate-
AUamitra A
LVII. CUCURBITACE/E.
703
lanceolate, lateral ones oblique-ovate, reticulation conspicuous on the under side. Glands of the petiolules small, depressed. Tendrils simple. Flowers unobserved. Fruit pedicels 1 to lAin. long. Fruit smooth, ellipsoid-cylindric, truncate, 3 to 3Ain. long, l^in. broad at the apex. Seed unknown. — Xanonin Stephensiana , F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 181.
Hab.: Barnard Island, II'. Hill (F. v. M. l.c.)
4. A.. suberosa (stems corky), Bail., 2nd Suppl. Si/n. Ql. FI. 28. Plant dioecious. Stems climbing to a great height, the lower woody part furnished with corky flanges often lin. wide, the young shoots glabrous or slightly mealy. Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets 1A to 4in. long, entire or with a few obscure teeth, central one ovate-lanceolate, lateral ones obliquely ovate with usually a more or less prominent lobe on the outer edge near the base. Petiole 1 to lAin. long, petiolules ^ to Ain. long, with hairy tufts in the axils. Tendrils simple or 2-branched. Male flowers crowded in pedunculate racemose panicles ; pedicels about Ain. long, curved after the flower has fallen ; calyx-teeth 5, about 1 line long, acute, nearly glabrous ; corolla 5-lobed, when expanded A to lin. diameter, white tomentose outside, pale yellow inside. Stamens 5, 4 in connate pairs, one distinct (giving the appearance of a 3-stamened flower) ; filaments slender, short, hairy ; anthers oblong, length of filament. Female solitary on long peduucles, flowers similar but rather larger than the males, with 5 separate sterile stamens ; style thick, bearing 3 spreading flexuous stigmas. Fruit oblong-ovate, variegated, 3 to Sin. long, with a diameter of about 2in., on a slender peduncle of about 3in. Seeds brown, thick, about Ain. long, margin thick, irregularly shaped.
Hab : Enoggera and Ithaca scrubs. Fruit ripe in December.
Order LYIII. CACTE/E.
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, often pro- duced beyond it ; lobes indefinite, scaly, leafy or petaloid. Petals indefinite, mostly numerous, and passing gradually into sepals. Stamens indefinite, inserted at the throat of the calyx ; filaments filiform : anthers minute, oblong. Ovary inferior, 1 -celled ; placentation parietal; ovules very numerous; style single, filiform ; stigmas 2 or several, spreading. Fruit a berry. — Fleshy leafless shrubs of very characteristic habit. All American, except a Ilhipsalix.
Calyx-tube produced beyond the ovary, scaly, with adnate exteri >r sepals. Stamens
many-seriate upon the corolla-tube. Stems angled or ribbed. Flowers lateral . 1.*Cf,reus. Calyx-tube not produced above the ovary. Stems often flat-jointed, flat or terete.
Flowers lateral. Berry aculeate 2.‘Opuktia.
1. -CEREUS, Haw.
(From cereus, pliant; in reference to the shoots of some species.)
Calyx-tube long, prolonged over the ovary, lobes numerous, in many series, exterior ones squamiform ; interior ones elongated, spirally imbricate. Petals numerous, in many series, recurvo-patent. Stamens very numerous, in 2 or many series ; filaments adnate at the base to the calyx-tube, the upper part free. Style filiform ; stigmatic lobes f> or many radiate. Berry squamose or tubercu- lose. — Fleshy shrubs, with a woody axis, and medulliferous inside ; angles vertical, bearing fascicles of spines, regularly furrowed. Flowers large, rising from the fascicles of spines or indentures on the angles of the stems.
1. C. triangularis (stem three-angular), JJair. Stems climbing and rooting into the bark of trees, 3 rarely 4-angular, the angles flattened. Flowers lateral, solitary, very large, white. Fruit oblong-globose, 3 to 4in. long, 2.Vin. broad.
Hab.: Brazil. This species may frequently be seen in old deserted gardens climbing up and along the branches of trees.
Fruit edible.
701
LVIII. CACTEiE.
2. *OPUNTIA, Mill.
(Some species plentiful near Opus, a city of Locris.)
Sepals and petals numerous, adnate to the ovary, not produced into a tube ; the interior petaloid, obovate, spreading. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals. Style cylindrical, constricted at the base ; stigmas numerous, thick, erect. Berry umbillicate at the apex, tuberculate, often prickly. Embryo somewhat spiral, nearly terete ; plumule small. — Shrubby plants with articulate branches ; the joints (rarely terete) mostly compressed and dilated, bearing fascicles of prickles or bristles arranged in a quincuncial spiral order. Flowers yellow, red or purple, arising from the clusters of prickles or along the margins of the joints. Stamens somewhat irritable.
1. O. vulgaris (common), Mill. Prickly Pear. Joints ovate, prickles short, numerous, usually with several strong subulate spines. Flowers yellow. Fruit crimson, nearly smooth.
Hab.: Overruns many inland localities.
2. O. ferox (fierce), Hmc. Joints oblong, elongated; prickles strong, setaceous, numerous, whitish, in fascicles, longer than the wool from which they issue, one of which in each fascicle is longer than the rest. Flowers yellow. Fruit red.
Hab.: This species has become naturalised in the Goondiwindi district.
Order L1X. FICOIDE.®.
Calyx persistent, free or adnate to the ovary at the base, divided to the middle or to the base into 5 or 4 rarely more or only 3 lobes or segments, imbricate in the bud or very rarely valvate. Petals none or indefinite and narrow, very rarely equal in number to the calyx segments, inserted at their base. Stamens few or many, usually indefinite, or not corresponding in number to the calyx-lobes, or rarely equal in number to them, inserted on the calyx-tube, or liypogynous when the calyx is divided to the base ; filaments free or united in a cup at the base ; anthers with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, half superior or superior, 3 to 5 or more celled, rarely 2-celled or reduced to a single carpel ; styles as many as cells, free or united at the base, usually filiform and stigmatic alon" the inner side, or rarely with terminal stigmas or very short; ovules 1,2 or more in each cell usually inserted on a basal placenta more or less adnate to the axis or inner angle of the cell. Fruit a capsule or rarely fleshy or drupaceous, opening loculicidally, septicidally, or both, in as many or twice as many valves as cells, or transversely circumsciss or indehiscent. Seeds with a crustaceous or rarely membranous or thick testa, usually compressed. Embryo curved round a mealy albumen. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs or almost shrubby. Leaves alternate or more rarely opposite, entire, often succulent. Flowers either solitary, terminal, leaf-opposed or in the forks of the stems, or in axillary cymes or clusters.
The Older is widely dispersed over the globe, although not extending to very cold regions, the majority of species inhabiting sandy or rocky seacoasts or dry wastes or spreading as weeds of cultivation, and particularly abundant in S. Africa. Of the 8 Australian genera, 3 are generally .distributed over the warmer regions of the globe. 3 are especially South African, with a few of their numerous species dispersed over a wider range, and 2 small ones are endemic in Australia. — Bent It.
Tribe I. IVlesembryese. — Caly.rtube minute to the ovary , either entirely so or produced above it.
Petals numerous, linear 1 • Mesembrtanthemcm.
Petals none t ktragonia.
LIX. FICOIDE&. 705
Tribe II. Aizoidese. — Calyx free, but with a distinct turbinate tube, beariuq the stamens at or below the top. Petals none.
Capsule opening in valves.
Stamens indefinite 3. Aizoon.
Stamens 4 4. Gunnia.
Capsule circumsciss.
Styles and ovary-cells 3 to 5 5. Sesuvium.
Styles and ovary-cells 2 or 1 6. Trianthema.
Tribe III. (or Suborder). lYXolluguneae. — Calyx free , divided to the base or nearly so.
Petals 5 or fewer or none.
(When the calyx is divided quite to the base, the stamens, inserted as in the rest of the Order below the lobes, are necessarily hypogynous. In a few species the base of the calyx is slightly developed and then the stamens are somewhat perigynous. The group has been frequently referred to Caryophylleee or to Portulacea, with both of which as with Ficoidece, Phytolaccacece, Chenopodiaceic, A mar a n taeece, &c., it agrees in the seeds and embryo. It differs, however, both from Caryophylleee and Portulacece in the divided ovary as well as in habit, and although cer- tainly allied to those two as well as to Phytolaccacece, it appears to me to be much more closely connected with the tribe Aizoidece of Ficoidece through Trianthema. Like all the Ficoidecc it is remarkable for the general want of symmetry between the stamens and the other parts of
the flower. — Benth.)
Stamens 8, united in a cup at the base. Ovules 1, 2, or rarely 3 in
each cell 7. Macarthuria.
Stamens few or many, free or rarely slightly united when very
numerous. Ovules many or rarely 3 or 4 in each cell 8. Mollugo.
1. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, Linn.
(Name referring to the flowers opening at midday.)
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; lobes 5 or rarely more or fewer. Petals numerous, linear, in one or more series. Stamens numerous, in several series. Ovary inferior, with 5 or more, rarely 4, cells, each with numerous ovules ; styles as many as cells of the ovary, free or connate at the base, stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule surrounded by the persistent calyx, the summit flat and loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds minute, with a crustaceous testa. — Herbs or under- shrubs, more or less succulent. Leaves opposite or alternate, fleshy, entire or rigidly ciliate, without stipules. Flowers showy, terminal or in the forks of the branches, or leaf-opposed.
The species are very numerous in S. Africa, a few spreading along the seashore to various parts of the world.
Leaves opposite, triquetrous, linear or oblong.
Leaves mostly above Lin. Flowers about l£in. diameter on rather long
pedicels 1. M. ceqnilaterale.
Leaves mostly under lin. Flowers not above lin. diameter, sessile or shortly pedicellate in tufts of leaves at the nodes 2. M. australe.
1. 1YI. aequilaterale (leaves equal-sided), Hate.: Hook. f. FI. Tastn. i. 146; Benth. FI. Anstr. iii. 324. Perennial, with robust prostrate stems, extending sometimes to a considerable length, with short ascending flowering branches, or sometimes more ascending from the base. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, thickly linear-triquetrous, equal-sided or laterally compressed, attaining 2 to Sin. Flowers rather large, red, pedicellate or nearly sessile within the last small pair of leaves. Calyx-tube turbinate, Jin. long or rather more ; lobes unequal, the two larger ones often as long as the tube, with prominent angles decurrent on the calyx and pedicel, or the calyx quite terete. Petals spreading to about ljin. diameter. Styles and ovary-cells varying from 6 to 10. Fruit about the size of a large gooseberry. — M. aquilaterale, M. ylducescem, M. Boss!, and M. niyrexccns, Haw.; DC. Prod. iii. 429; Salm-Dyek, Monogr. j 19, f. 1, 2, 3 ; M. pra:t-o.r, F. v. M. in Linntea, xxv. 384.
Hab.: Plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt, as well as on the coast sand.
The same species is also found on the coasts of Chili and California, and scarcely differs from the 8. African M. acinaciformte, Linn., except in the leaves not so thick and the flowers smaller. — Benth.
706
LlX. ficoide^:.
[Mesembnja ntlieni unt .
2. m. australe (Australian), Boland. in Ait. Hurt. Ken, ed. 1, ii. 187 ; lir nth. FI. Austr. iii. 821. Perennial, with prostrate stems rooting at the nodes, the flowering branches very short, or reduced to clusters of leaves surrounding the peduncle. Leaves opposite, triquetrous or somewhat flattened and oblong, obtuse or rarely almost acute, 4 to fin. long. Flowers reddish, solitary in the axillary clusters of leaves, or terminating very short leafy branches, the pedicels from rather shorter than the leaves to twice their length. Calyx-tube turbinate,
2 to 8 lines long ; lobes unequal, the two larger ones as long as or rarely longer than the tube, and rarely forming slightly prominent lines decurrent on it. Petals spreading to about lin. diameter. Styles and ovary-cells usually 5. — DC. Prod. iii. 428 ; Salm-Dyck, Monogr. § 18, f. 2 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 147 ; M. clavellatuin, Haw.; DC. Prod. iii. 428 ; Salm-Dyck, Monogr. § 18, f. 1 ; M. danimm, Willd. Enum. Suppl. 86 (name only, referred to M. australe in Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 51).
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), I1’, v. Mueller.
The species is found also on the seacoasts of New Zealand and the islands of the South Pacific, and is probably not really distinct from the S. African If. crassi/olium, Linn.
2. TETRAGONIA, Linn.
(Calyx angled.)
(Tetragonella, Miq.)
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary at the base and usually produced above it ; lobes 4 or 5, or rarely 8. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, few or many, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free but usually in clusters alternating with the lobes. Ovary inferior, 2 to 8-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell, the summit convex or conical, and rarely containing a second erect ovule. Styles as many as cells, linear, stigmatic along the inner side. Fruit indehiscent with a hard almost bony endocarp, the herbaceous or almost fleshy epicarp (or persistent calyx) often variously horned or tubercular. — -Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, flat but rather thick, without stipules. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils, sessile or pedicellate, usually of a yellowish or reddish -green.
The "enus comprises several 8. African species, besides a few dispersed over the seacoasts of New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, and some parts of Asia and America.
1. T. expansa (a spreading plant), Murr.: DC. Prod. iii. 452 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 825. Decumbent or prostrate, often extending to several feet. Leaves petiolate, the larger ones ovate, triangular or broadly hastate, 2 to 4in. long, entire, obtuse or acute, the smaller ones narrower. Flowers small, yellow, on very short pedicels or almost sessile in the axils, solitary or 2 together. Calyx- tube broadly turbinate, a little above 1 line diameter ; lobes broad and obtuse, about as long as the tube. Stamens in clusters of 8 or 4 opposite each sinus of the calyx. Ovary half-inferior, the free portion depressed-hemispherical, with 3 to 8 external furrows and as many cells. Fruit hard, J to 4in. diameter, from nearly globular and almost without protuberances to turbinate, angular, with 2,
3 or more hard prominent horns, the endocarp woody. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 147 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2362 ; Payer in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. t. 13; T. inermis, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 384.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, C. Stuart. A very common coast plant.
The species is also on the coasts of New Zealand, extratropical 8. America, and Japan, and has been cultivated in Europe as “ New Zealand 8pinach.”
3. AIZOON, Linn.
(From the Greek, meaning always alive.)
Calyx free, deeply 4 or 5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens indefinite, usually about 20, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, free, but more or less in clusters alternating with the lobes. Ovary superior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 5-celled
Aizonni]
LIX. FTCOIDEiE.
707
or in the Australian species 4-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell ; styles as many as cells, filiform, stiginatic along the inner side. Capsule surrounded by the persistent calyx, depressed, opening loculicidally in as many valves as cells, or in the Australian species the valves split septicidally. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, without stipules. Flowers solitary or divari- cately cymose.
The genus is chiefly African, and especially S. African, but extending to N. Africa and S.
Europe.
Plant scurfy-tomentose. Leaves narrow-linear 1. A. quadrifidum.
Plant glabrescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate 2. A. zygophylloides.
1. A. quadrifidum (capsule four- valved), F. /•. M. Frar/m. ii. 148; Benth.
FI. Arntr. iii. 827. A rigid shrub, probably small, with divaricate opposite or dichotomous branches, covered as well as the leaves with a dense but close almost scurfy tomentum. Leaves opposite, narrow-linear, obtuse, rather thick and soft, not above iin. long in the specimens. Flotvers shortly pedicellate, terminal or in the forks. Calyx tomentose; tube short, broadly turbinate, the ribs not prominent; lobes -J, valvate, ovate-acuminate, about 8 lines long. Stamens numerous, densely crowded opposite the
sinus of the calyx, more distant opposite the lobes ; filaments slender, more or less covered like the ovary with transparent vesicular cells, about as long as the calyx-lobes. Ovary truncate on the top, d angled, 4-celled, with 4 styles stigmatic along their inner side. Ovules numerous. Capsule almost free, obpyramidal- truncate, septicidally dehiscent in 4 truncate valves, loculicidally divided almost to the base. — Sesuriwn quadrifidum, F. v. M. Rep. Babb. Exped. 9.
Hab.: Southern border towards Cooper’s Creek, .7. Ivory.
2. A. zygophylloides (Zygophyllum-like), /■’. r. M. Frar/m. vii. 129. The young branches densely clothed with papulose scales. Leaves lanceolate-ovate, attaining a width of 5 lines, opposite, glabrescent. Flowers solitary, calyx deeply 4-fid, lobes lanceolate-oblong, yellow on the inside, not at all acuminate, almost glabrous. Stamens very numerous ; styles 4 ; ovary 4-celled ; ovules numerous.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. Mueller.
This plant, as seen from the fragmentary specimens examined, seems more a distinct species than a form of A. quadrifidum, from which it is mostly distinguished by being more glabrous, and by the form of the leaves and lobes of the calyx. — F. r. M. l.c.
4. GUNNIA, F. v. M.
Calyx free, deeply divided into 4 lobes, valvate in the bud. Petals none. Stamens 4, inserted on the calyx-tube and alternating with its lobes. Ovary superior, enclosed in the calyx, 4-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; styles 4, filiform, stigmatic along the inner side. Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally, each valve splitting septicidally. Seeds numerous, small; testa thin and smooth ; embryo curved round a mealy albumen. — Small diffuse annuals. Leaves opposite. Flowers terminal or in the forks, nearly sessile.
The genus is limited to Australia.
1. Gr. septifraga (mode of dehiscence), F. v. 37. Hep. Babb. Exped. 9 ; Benth. FI. Arntr. iii. 327. The specimens described from one small fragment. Branches slender, the single pair of floral leaves preserved linear. Flowers nearly sessile in the forks or terminal. Calyx-lobes acute, about line long when in flower, 2 lines long when in fruit.
Hab.: Southern border inland.
708
LTX. FIOOIDE/E.
5. SESUVIUM, Linn.
(Derivation obscure.)
Calyx free, deeply 5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens 5, alternating with the calyx-lobes or indefinite, often very numerous, inserted at the top of the tube. Ovary free, enclosed in the calyx, 3 to 5-celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; styles as many as cells, filiform, stigmatic along the inner side, at least towards the end. Capsule surrounded by the persistent calyx, membranous, more or less completely divided by very thin dissepiments, transversely circum- sciss about the middle. Heeds several ; testa coriaceous, smooth. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, fleshy, without stipules, but sometimes with scarious dilatations of the petiole. Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils or almost cymose, the calyx-lobes usually coloured inside, with more or less scarious margins.
The genus contains about 4 species, spread over the seacoasts of the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, the Australian species being the commonest and the most generally diffused both in the New and the Old World. — Bentli.
1. S. portulacastrum (like a Portulaca), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 453 ; Bentli. FI. A list r. iii. 328. A succulent herb, procumbent or creeping and rooting at the joints. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, contracted below the middle, broader and stem-clasping at the base, mostly 1 to 2in. long, rather thick, fiat above, convex underneath. Pedicels from very short to rather longer than the calyx. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long or sometimes more, the tube turbinate, 4 to 1 line long ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, green on the back, scarious on the margins and pink or purple inside, often shortly mucronate below the end. Stamens very numerous, inserted at the top of the calyx-tube and shorter than its lobes, the filaments sometimes shortly united at the base. Ovary 3 or rarely 4-celled. Capsule ovoid, not exceeding the calyx, circumsciss below the middle. — Bot. Mag. t. 1701.
Hab.: E. coast, It. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Howick’s Group and sandy shores of the islands of Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller : Fitzroy River, Thozet.
The styles are free to the base in all the flowers I have examined, but are occasionally 4 in number, as in Psammanthe marina, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. (560, from the Chinese coasts, which appears to be a variety only of S. portulacastrum, notwithstanding that the styles are really, as described by Hance, shortly united at the base.— Bentli,
S. repens, Roth, to which the Indian specimens are referred in Wight and Arn. Prod. 361, appears to be a variety or rather a state only of S. portulacoides, with smaller flowers and shorter and broader leaves, owing, as suggested by Arnott, to want of luxuriance. — Bentli.
6. TRIANTHEMA, Linn.
(From the flowers often being in threes.)
(Anc-istrostigma, Fenzl. )
Calyx free, more or less deeply 5-lobed. Petals none. Stamens inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, either 5 alternating with its lobes or indefinite. Ovary free or nearly so, enclosed in the calyx, either 2-celled with 2 styles, or 1-celled (reduced to 1 carpel) with 1 excentrical or lateral style ; ovules 2 or more in each cell, attached to a basal placenta, free or shortly adnate to the partition. Capsule membranous or hard, transversely circumsciss, and when 2-celled the upper portion sometimes separating septicidally into 2 cocci, and in some species, not Australian, divided inside by a transverse partition under the uppermost seed. Seeds orbicular or reniform, the testa often granular. — Prostrate or diffuse herbs, rarely woody at the base. Leaves opposite, the twTo of each pair unequal in size, the petioles often with a scarious dilatation at the base, but no real stipules. Flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes or clusters. Bracts and bracteoles often somewhat scarious.
The genus is dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New as well as the Old World.
Trianthema,] LIX. FICOIDE.ZE. 709
Ovary and fruit 2-celled, truncate or concave at the top. Styles 2.
Flowers clustered 1. T. dccandra.
Ovary and fruit 1-eelled, with 1 style.
Ovary and fruit truncate or concave at the top. Flowers clustered.
Leaves very fleshy, almost clavate. Flowers solitary. Stamens 10 2. '/'. turyidifolia.
Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Stamens 5. Capsule short and
broad 3. T. crystalling,.
Hirsute with long hairs. Stamens about 20. Capsule with a narrow beak 4. T. pilosa.
Ovary and fruit acute or tapering into the style, or rounded at the top.
Hirsute, small and densely tufted. Flowers solitary in the axils,
but crowded on the plant, small 5. T. rhynchob'dlyptra .
Glabrous. Flowers small, in loose pedunculate cymes 0. T. cypseleoides.
1. T. decandra (ten-stamened), Linn.; DC. Prod. iii. 852; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 329. Procumbent and glabrous, said to be annual, but the specimens sometimes show a hard woody base ; branches dichotomous, rarely attaining 1ft. Leaves from broadly obovate to oblong, f to lfin. long, narrowed into a rather long petiole. Flowers several together in a cluster, not exceeding the petiole, although sometimes very shortly pedunculate. Bracts and bracteoles small and scarious. Calyx about 1 line long when in flower, somewhat enlarged when in fruit, the lobes longer than the tube, scarious on the margin and mucronate close to the end. Stamens 10 to 12 or sometimes a few more. Ovary ovoid, truncate, with a few prominent tubercles, 2-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell, collaterally ascending from a basal placenta, shortly adnate to the dissepiment ; styles 2. Capsule about 2 lines long, the seeds superposed in each cell, the upper one ascending, the lower one pendulous ; when ripe the upper portion separating into 2 cocci, opening on the inner face, the lower portion circumsciss below the insertion of the seeds. Seeds black, rugose. — Wight, Ic. t. 296 ; F. v. M. Fragm. i. 172.
Hab.: Dawson and Burnett Rivers and Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller : Funnel Creek, Bowman : frequent in many localities.
2. T. turgidifolia (leaves turgid), F. r. M. Frayni. x. 83. Plant with the habit of Sesurium, suffrutescent, glabrous. Leaves very fleshy, almost clavate, | to fin. long, 2 to 3 lines thick, giaucescent, the petioles membranously dilated at the base. Calyx lobes 5, not 1 line long. Anthers dorsifixed. Style setaceous, 1 line long. Stigma minute. Capsule ovate, many seeded, cir- cumscissile, operculum lit line long, matured seeds few, black, pyriform-renate, rugulose.
Hab.: Queensland (without locality), F. v. Mueller.
3. T. crystallina (with transparent vesicles), Valtl, DC. Prod. iii. 352; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 330. Glabrous or slightly pubescent or covered with little transparent vesicles, prostrate or diffuse, the wiry dichotomous stems sometimes extending to 1 or 2ft., sometimes short and compact. Leaves from oval-oblong to linear. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or clusters, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx about If line long, the lobes narrow, obtuse, spreading, rather longer than the tube. Stamens 5. Ovary of 1 carpel, truncate, with 2 erect ovules ; style excentrical. Capsule short and broad, the top concave, forming a short broad cup round the style. Seeds 2, granular, flat, obliquely superposed. — Wight and Arn. Prod. 355; F. v. M. Fragm. i. 171; T. f/laiici folia, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 172.
Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown; Burdekin and Dawson Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Cape River, Bowman.
The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa,
710
TJX. FTCOTDE/E.
Trianthemn .
4. T. pilosa (hairy), F. r. M. Fraym. i. 174; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 330. Procumbent, from a few inches to above 2ft. in length, hirsute, with spreading hairs, particularly long and dense about the inflorescence. Leaves obovate, narrowed into a rather long petiole, the largest attaining about lin. Flowers in axillary sessile clusters. Calyx when full grown about 3 lines long ; lobes ovate- lanceolate, very open, as long as the tube. Stamens about 20. Ovary of 1 carpel, the style lateral, below the end, which soon closes round it; ovules 2. Capsule included in the calyx, produced into a cylinder concave or cup-shaped at the top round the style, circumsciss about the middle of the basal seed-bearing portion.
Hal>.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Ilrown.
5. T. rhynchocalyptra (beaked capsule), /-'. r. M. Fraym. i. 174 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 330. Perennial, forming dense prostrate tufts, sometimes only 2 or 3in. diameter, sometimes woody at the base, the branches extending to Gin., more or less hirsute, with rigid bristly or soft spreading hairs. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, rarely above Ln. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers sessile and crowded, although solitary in each axil. Calyx thin and membranous, rather narrow, about 2 lines long or rather more when in fruit, the lobes scarcely so long as the tube. Stamens about 10. Ovary of one carpel obliquely tapering into the style, which is rather long and recurved. Ovules about 5 or 6, on panicles of various lengths on a short placenta. Capsule acute, circumsciss below the middle. Seeds 2 to 5, minutely granulose.
Hab.. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. BroiCn.
6. T. cypseleoides (Cypselea-like), lienth. FI. Austr. iii. 331. Glabrous, prostrate, slender and very small. Leaves obovate or orbicular, scarcely above ^in. long in the specimens seen, on slender petioles dilated at the base into scarious stipules. Flowers small, in loose axillary pedunculate cymes exceeding the leaves, with scarious bracts under the forks and pedicels. Pedicels slender, about 1 line long. Calyx about 1 line long, the lobes broad, obtuse, rather longer than the tube. Stamens 7 to 10. Ovary of 1 carpel short and rounded, with 6 to 12 ovules on funicles of various lengths ; style terminal, but slightly excentrical, linear and recurved. Capsule globular, circumsciss. Seeds smooth. — Ancistrostiyma cypseleoides, Fenzi Nov. Stirp. Decad. 85.
Hab.: Norman and Gilbert Rivers, T. Gulliver.
7. MACARTHURIA, Hueg.
Calyx-segments 5, persistent. Petals 5 or none. Stamens 8, slightly peri- gynous, the filaments united in a cup at the base. Ovary free, enclosed in the calyx, 3-celled, with 1, 2, or 3 ovules in each cell, attached to a basal placenta ; styles 3, with small terminal stigmas. Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally in three valves. Seeds reniform or subglobose, the funicle expanded into a small cup-shaped white arillus. — Rigid wiry or rush-like herbs or undershrubs. Leaves few, alternate, narrow, often all reduced to scales. Flowers small, in lateral or terminal short irregular cymes, or forming a spreading dichotomous cyme with opposite bracts.
The genus is confined to Australia.
1. IVI. neocambrica (N.S.W. species), V. r. M. Fraym. v. 28; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 332. A diffuse plant from a few inches to over a foot broad. Stem leaves few, alternate, oblong-linear or linear-cuneate, rather thick. Flowers in a loose spreading dichotomous cyme or panicle, each one pedicellate in the forks or
Murarthuria.
LIX. FICOIDE.E.
711
terminal. Floral leaves on bracts very small, mostly opposite or nearly so. Calyx about 1 line long. Petals about as long as the calyx, perhaps sometimes wanting. Ovules 1 in each cell of the ovary ; styles rather short.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay.
8. MOLLUGO, Linn.
(A name in “ Pliny,” retained by Linnaeus.)
(Glinus, Linn.; Trigastrotheca. l'\ v. .M.)
Calyx segments 5, persistent. Petals none. Stamens few or many, free,
sometimes with the addition of a few staminodia, of which 1 to 5 external ones represent petals, alternating with the calyx- segments. Ovary 3 to o-celled, with several ovules in each cell ; styles as many as cells, linear or clavate. Capsule membranous, enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening loculicidally in as many valves as cells. Seeds with a smooth or granulate testa, the funicle sometimes thickened into a small white arillus or strophiole, with or without a filiform appendage. — Erect or diffuse herbs, mostly annual. Radical leaves rosulate, but often disappearing before the flowering. Stem-leaves alternate, but often clustered in the axils so as to appear verticillate. Stipules very small and fugacious. Flowers small, the pedicels usually clustered in the axils, sometimes forming cymes, umbels or racemes.
The genus is abundantly diffused over the warmer regions of the globe, extending into Europe and North America.
Section I. Glinus. -Seeds stropliiolutc , with a filiform appendage (resembling a jnnicle) more or less encircling them.
Softly tomentose. Flowers rather large, in axillary clusters. Stamens about
10 to 15 1. .1/. Glinus.
Quite glabrous. Flowers rather large, in terminal clusters. Stamens about 15 2. .1/. orygioides.
Glabrous or slightly pubescent. Flowers rather small, in axillary clusters.
Stamens under 10 3. .1/. Spergula.
Section II. IVIollug'O. — Seeds without tiny strophiola.
Glabrous, stems much-branched, leafy. Seeds covered with raised tubercular
points 4. M. stricta.
Glabrous, filiform and small. Flowers small, on filiform pedicels. Stamens 5, the filaments not dilated 5. .1/. Cerviana.
1. M. Glinus (an old generic name), A. Rich. FI. Abyss, i. 48 ; Death. FI. Austr. iii. 333. A rather coarse species, softly tomentose all over, sometimes small and erect, but usually diffuse, procumbent or ascending and spreading to above 1ft. Leaves from obovate-orbicular to oblong-spathulate, sometimes above lin. long, but usually much smaller. Flowers clustered at the nodes on short pedicels rarely as long as the calyx. Calyx like the rest of the plant very tomen- tose, segments 21- to 4 lines long. Stamens about 10 to 15, with 5 or fewer external staminodia, fiat, very thin and transparent, often forked. Styles usually 5, united at the base. Capsule enclosed in the calyx, 5-lobed. Seeds numerous"; testa tuberculate, funicle thickened into a short strophiole or arillus, with a long filiform hair-like white process more or less encircling the seed. — Glinus lutoides, Linn. Spec. PI. 663; Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 357, with the synonyms adduced ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 202.
Hab.: Rockhampton, Thozet, and many other localities.
Widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, extending to Europe, and found also in various parts of tropical America. There is a less tomentose variety with smaller flowers, approaching 3/. Spergula, which, however, has not yet been found in Australia — [tenth.
2. M. orygioides (like an Orygia), F. c. M. Herb.-, Death. FI. Austr. iii. 333. Stout and rigid, apparently perennial, dichotomously branched, quite glabrous. Leaves obovate or oblong, all under Ain. in our specimens. Flowers
Part ii. cc
712
LIX. FICOIDEzE.
[Mollugo.
rather large, in terminal clusters, onwery short pedicels. Outer calyx-segments about 2 lines long, with a narrow scarious border, inner ones rather larger at first, with a broader border, at length 8 lines long, broadly ovate, white and scarious, with a greenish centre. Stamens about 15, with a few staminodia, either all subulate or 2 or 8 flat thin and transparent. Styles 3 or rarely 4, quite free. Seeds not numerous, larger than those of M. < 'flinua , and the hair-like appendage to the funicle not so long, only half-encircling the seed. — Glinus orygioides, F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 208.
Hab : Towards Cooper’s Creek and other inland localities.
3. 3VI. Spergula (Spurrey-like), Linn, Sgee. 131 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 334. Glabrous or somewhat pubescent when young, much and dichotomously branched, procumbent and spreading to 1ft. or more, or nearly erect when small. Leaves from obovate-oblong to almost linear, sometimes almost lin. long, much smaller on the flowering branches. Flowers in small clusters at the nodes, the pedicels as long as or longer than the calyx. Calvx-segments glabrous, from 1 to nearly 14- line long. Stamens not above 10 and usually much fewer, with occasionally a few staminodia amongst them. Styles or style-branches and capsule-valves 3. Seeds rather numerous, the funicle thickened into a small arillus, with a filiform process more or less encircling the seed as in )l. Glinus. — G limns Mollugo, Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 350, with the synonyms adduced ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. i. 203 ; M. Fane- Holt an dice, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 14; M. glinoides, A. Rich. FI. Abyss, i. 48. not of Cambess ; iii. verticillata, Roxb.; M. parvi. flora , DC.; PJiarnnceum parriflontm, Roth ; P. Mollvgn, Linn ; Glinux Mollugo, Fenzl ; Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 24.
Hab.. Brisbane River.
The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa.
4. IVI. stricta (upright), Linn. Ape c. PL e.d. alt. 31 ; F. c. M. 2nd Syst. Cens. Austr. PI. 53. Plant glabrous, stems much branched, leafy, about 1ft. high. Leaves f to 14in., whorled or opposite, varying from lanceolate-acute to obovate- obtuse, much narrowed at the base ; the petioles hence obscure. Cymes com- pound, the branches sometimes racemose. Sepals about 14 line long, elliptic or round. Stamens 3 to 5, filaments dilated. Styles 3, short, linear. Capsule as long as the sepals, globose, many-seeded. Seeds dark chestnut-coloured, covered with raised tubercular points ; embryo curled into three-quarters of a complete circle. — M. triphylla, Lour. FI. Cochine 79 ; M. Linkii, Seringe in DC. Prod.; iii. pentaphylla , Linn. DC. l.c. ; Pharnaceum strictum, triphyllum, and pentaphyllum, Spreng. Syst. i. 949, Rheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 26 ; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind.
Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in F. v. M. 2nd Syst. Cens. Austr. PI. 53.
5. IVI. Cerviana (an old name, probably after some person of the name of Cervian), Ser. in DC. Prod. i. 392 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 334. A little slender glabrous annual of a few inches, with filiform branches. Leaves in distant clusters, linear, mostly under 4in. long, the radical ones sometimes shorter and oblong. Pedicels filiform, longer than the leaves. Calyx-segments about \ line long when in flower, lengthening to nearly 1 line. Stamens usually 5, the fila- ments filiform from the base. Styles 3, short, distinct, stigmatic towards the end. Seeds numerous, small, without any appendage to the funicle. — Fenzl in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 379 ; iii. umhellata, Seringe l.c.; Pharnaceum Cerviana, Linn.; F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 148.
Hab.: Queensland, F. v. Mueller.
The species is diffused oyer tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa and southern Europe.
LX. UMBELLIFER®.
713
Order LX. UMBELLIFER^).
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb forming a slightly raised line round the summit, or 5-toothed or lobed, or quite inconspicuous. Petals 5, usually indexed at the tip, more or less imbricate or very rarely valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals and inserted with them round the epigynous disk at the summit of the adnate calyx-tube; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Epigynous disk within the stamens usually 2-lobed, variously shaped, free from the styles or confluent with their thickened base and therefore the disk-lobes often called stylopodes. Ovary inferior, 2-celled or very rarely 1 -celled by abortion, with 1 anatropous ovule in each cell, pendulous from the summit. Styles 2, with small terminal stigmas. Fruit usually separating into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded nut5 or carpels, called mericarpx, often leaving a persistent filiform central axis called a carpophore, either entire or splitting into two. Each carpel is marked with longitudinal ribs, of which the primary ones (corresponding with the calyx-teeth and intervening sinuses) are normally 5 to each carpel, i.e., 2 lateral (one on each side) at the commissure or junction of the two carpels, 1 dorsal on the back of the carpel, and 2 intermediate between the dorsal and lateral one on each side, but some of these are occasionally inconspicuous, and in some genera 4 secondary ribs to each carpel, between the primary ones, are as conspicuous or more prominent than the primary ones. In many genera there are longitudinal linear oil-vessels called vittcc, within or under the pericarp. Seed often adhering to the pericarp ; testa very thin ; albumen horny, filling the seed or furrowed or excavated on the inner face (next the commissure). Embryo minute near the apex of the seed, with the radicle superior. — Herbs or very rarely shrubs, with alternate leaves, often much cut or divided, the petiole usually dilated into a sheathing base, but without distinct stipules, except in Hydrocotyle. Flowers usually small, in terminal or lateral (leaf-opposed) umbels, which are either compound, each ray of the general umbel bearing a partial umbel, or simple or reduced to a globular head. Bracts at the base of the general umbel, either one under each ray or fewer, termed the general involucre, and one or three or more under the partial umbel termed the involucel or partial involucre, or one or both involucres wanting. Flowers frequently more or less polygamous, some, in the same or different umbels from the perfect ones, being males by the constant abortion of the ovary, and occasionally one or a few in the centre of the umbel females without stamens.
A numerous Order, more or less represented nearly all over the globe, especially in the temperate region of the northern hemisphere, where the delimitation of the very numerou genera presents the greatest difficulties. — Benth.
Series I. Heterosciadiae.— Umbels simple or irreyularly compound. Vitt<c none. Seeds laterally compressed.
Tribe I. Hydrotyleae. — Fruit laterally compressed ; commissure narrow.
Creeping perennials or slender annuals with scarious stipules 1. Hydrocotyle.
Annuals or perennials with dissected or toothed leaves without stipules.
Fruit very flat 2. Trachymene.
Leafless plant with rush-like stems 3. Siebera.
Umbels compound, sometimes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers with bracts under the
flower as well as under the pedicel.
Calyx-teeth small or inconspicuous. Perennials or shrubs, usually glabrous.
Leaves entire or ternately divided into small narrow lobes. Involucral
bracts small 3. Siebera.
Calyx-lobes peltate, cordate or usually attached by the whole of their broad base. Herbs villous or glabrous. Leaves toothed, lobed or divided, or rarely entire. Involucral bracts conspicuous 4. Xanthosia.
Tribe II. Saniculeas. — Fruits scarcely compressed or compressed dorsally, without vie usually furrowed at the commissure. Seed terete or dorsally compressed.
Umbels simple. Ovary and fruit of a single ovule and seed 5. Actixotur.
1 leads of flowers simple, dense. Leaf-lobes and involucral bracts rigid and pungent-pointed Eryxoium,
714
LX. UMBELLIFERyE.
Series IT. Haplozyerim. — Fruit slightly nr not compressed. Carpels with .5 prominent ribs mid usually 1 ritta under each furrow.
Tribe III. Ammineae. — Fruit laterally compressed : commissure constricted or silicate.
Leaves entire. Flowers greenish-yellow. Seeds tapering, convex, liattish in
front 7.*Bupleuru5I.
Leaves dissected. Umbels pedunculate, and the general involucre of a few
dissected bracts II.* Ainu.
Constricted at the commissure. Seeds terete 10. Sum.
Tribe IV. Seselinese. — Cross section of the fruit circular or nearly so, or the .ncricarj slightly dorsal : commissure broad.
Fruit with all the ridges equal, broad, obtuse, corky 11 (Enaxthe.
Umbels simple. Small creeping glabrous plant with linear tufted entire
leaves. Albumen terete *...■. 12. Crantzia.
Umbels compound. Fruit-ribs obtuse ; commissure of the fruit narrow.
Seeds terete 8. Apium.
Series III. Diplozyg'iae. — Fruit scarcely compressed, densely covered with bristles pro- ceeding from four prominent secondary ribs on each carpel, with single vittee under the ribs. I'rimanj ribs inconspicuous.
Tribe V. Caucalineit. — Fruit subtercte, or l ih rally bul slightly, or ilorsally more largely
compressed.
Fruit glabrous, globose. Bracts none . 13.*Coriandrum
Fruit hirsute or setose. Bracts pinnate. Seeds plane on the inner face . . 14 Daucus.
1. HYDROCOTYLE, Linn.
(From the cup-shaped form of the leaf of some European species.)
Calyx-teeth minute or inconspicuous. Petals entire, acute, valvateor imbricate. Disk flat, with a raised annular or cup-shaped margin. Fruit laterally com- pressed, without vittfe, often didyinous, carpophore deciduous with the carpels or persistent ; carpels with the dorsal rib prominent, the lateral ribs concealed in the commissure, or distinct and prominent or rarely combined in one prominent rib, the intermediate ribs usually prominent, straight, curved or short and semi- circular; secondary ribs very rarely conspicuous. Seed straight, laterally compressed. — Herbs, either prostrate and rooting at the nodes or erect and annual. Leaves either orbicular, peltate or deeply cordate and entire or divided, or euneate at the base and divided. Stipules scarious, often toothed or jagged, especially in the annual species. Flowers small, sometimes unisexual, in simple umbels or also verticillate on the peduncle below the terminal umbel, white or rarely purplish.
The genus is dispersed over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe, most frequent in moist situations or floating in water. — Benth.
Section’ I. Euhydrocotyle. — Leaves orbicular and peltate or deeply cordate, or divided to the base into 3, o or more segments. Petals valvate. Carpels with the intermediate ribs alone prominent on each side or rarely with the lateral ones also distinct and prominent.
Stems creeping and rooting, at least at the lower joints. Carpophore deciduous with the carpels.
Fruits more or less didymous, the carpels convex on the sides, the dorsal edge obtuse.
Leaves orbicular, peltately attached by the centre H. vulgaris.
Leaves rounded or reniform-cordate with a deep sinus at the insertion of' the petiole, crenate or lobed but not divided to the base.
Fruits nearly sessile in the head. Diffuse plants with distinct flower- ing nodes. Stipules not imbricate H. liirta.
Fruits distinctly pedicellate in the umbel.
Flowering-stems ascending or erect. Leaves more or less hirsute
and lobed. Fruit 1 line broad 3 . H. laxiflora.
Flowering-stems slender and diffuse. Leaves glabrous, scarcely
lobed. Fruit § line broad on long slender pedicels 4. H. pedicellosa.
Leaves divided to the base into 3 or 5 lobes 5, H. tripartita.
LX. UMBELLIFEILE.
715
Hydroeotyle.]
Section II. Centella. — Leaves (except in H. asiatica) cuneate at the base nr narrow. Petals imbricate.
Perennial, creeping and rooting at the nodes. Leaves broadly cordate.
Carpophore deciduous with the fruit. Fruits obscurely several-ribbed (the
secondary ribs sometimes conspicuous) (1. H. asiatica.
1. H. vulgaris (common), Linn.; DC. Prod. iv. 59; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 339. Stems slender, creeping in mud or floating in water, rooting at every node and emitting from the same point tufts of leaves and peduncles. Leaves orbicular, £ to lin. diameter, or when very luxuriant twice that size, crenate or slightly lobed, peltately attached by the centre to a rather long petiole, with about 9 or when luxuriant 11 nerves radiating from the same point. Stipules broad and entire but very soon worn away from the rooting nodes. Peduncles shorter than the' petioles, either with a single terminal head or umbel or with the addition of 2 or 3 whorls below it of minute white flowers on exceedingly short pedicels. Bracts small, scarious. Petals valvate, slightly induplicate. Fruit 1J to 1£ line broad, not above 1 line long, 2-ribbed on each side (the intermediate ribs alone prominent, the lateral ones concealed in the commissure), the dorsal edge of the carpels obtuse. — Reichb. Ic. FI. Germ. t. 1842; H. interrupta, Muehl.; I)C. Prod, iv. 59; H. verticillata, Thunb.; Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. ii. 527.
Hab. : Moreton Bay and other parts of southern Queensland.
The species is widely distributed over the temperate regions of both hemispheres. — Bentli.
2. H. hirta (hairy), R. Hr. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 64 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 339. Prostrate or creeping and rooting at least at the lower nodes, rather slender and more or less hirsute. Leaves orbicular-cordate or reniform, divided to about J or f, rarely deeper, into about 7 broad crenate lobes, usually from 4- to l|in. diameter. Stipules usually ciliate or fringed. Peduncles solitary or 2 together, each with a small head of numerous (10 to 40) minute flowers, sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Bracts small. Petals valvate. Fruits not more than 1 line diameter and often smaller, very closely packed in a small globular head, quite smooth or granular, each with 2 prominent ribs on each side (the inter- mediate ones), the dorsal edge of the carpels obtuse. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 152.
Hab.: Brisbane River and other southern localities.
Var. (?) acutiloba, F. v. M. Leaves divided to about the middle into triangular more or less acute lobes. Plant rather large. Fruits very small — From Dawson River, F. v. Mueller , Rockhampton, Dallachy, to Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller and others.
Var. pusilla. Smaller and less hirsute, sometimes nearly glabrous. — H. pulchella, R. Br. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 59 ; DC. Prod. iv. 66; H clegans, A. Rich. Hydroc. 58 ; DC. Prod. iv. 66 (with deeper lobed leaves) ; H. tasmanica, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 467, and FI. Tasm. i. 152 to 32a ; H. vagam, Hook. f. in Hook. Lond. Journ. vi. 468, and FI. Tasm. i. 153 t. 33a. — From Queensland to Tasmania, including some of Sieber’s specimens, n. 14. The more glabrous forms from more aquatic situations.
The species may not be distinct from a common tropical and subtropical one, which includes H. rotundifolia, Roxb.; Wight, Ic. t. 564, from tropical Asia; H. sibthorpioicles, Lam.; A. Rich. Hydroc. t. 54 f. 8, from the Mauritius ; H. Mannii , Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. 194, from tropical Africa ; H. marcliantioides, Clos in Gay, FI. Chil. iii. 67, from Chili, and some forms usually referred to H. Bonplandi, A. Rich., from the Andes. The common New Zealand H. moschata, Foist., is rather more distinct, but even that might perhaps be included in the same series, and, if so, Forster’s name appears to have the light of priority for the collective species. — Bentli.
H. intertextu, R. Br.; A. Rich. Hydroc. 63; DC. Prod. iv. 66, from the single small specimen I have seen, would appear to be one of the forms of IT. hirta, with rather longer styles. A. Richard describes the carpophore as persistent, a character which the specimen 1 saw did not show. IT. Gaudichaudiana , DC. Prod. iv. 67. only known to me by the diagnosis given, is again probably one of the forms of II. hirta. Ilenth.
3. H. laxiflora (flowers loose in the umbel), DC. Prod. iv. 61 ; lienlli. FL. Austr. iii. 340. Stems creeping and rooting like the allied species, but the flowering branches often ascending or erect to the length of 6in. or even more, hirsute as well as the leaves with spreading hairs. Leaves orbicular-cordate,
ne
lx. umbelLiEertE.
[. Ifydrocotyle .
shortly and broadly 5 to 11-lobed and crenate, rarely above lin. diameter. Stipules entire or slightly fringed-ciliate. Peduncles short or long, each with a globular umbel of 30 to 40 or even more flowers. Bracts numerous, small and narrow. Pedicels varying from i line to 8 lines long, when long usually with infertile flowers. Petals valvate. Styles long. Fruit about 1 line broad or rather more, smooth or granular, with 2 prominent ribs (the intermediate ones) on each side, the dorsal edge of the carpels obtuse. — F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 179 ; H. densi flora, DC. Prod. iv. 07 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 180.
Hab.: Dawson and Burnett Rivers, !•'. v. Mueller.
Var. ? minor. Flowers and fruits very much smaller. — Moreton Bay, C. Stuart.
De Candolle had already observed the great similarity between his II. laxijlora and H. demiflora , which appear to be always found growing together, and F. v. Mueller, Fragm. iv. ISO, seems to have suspected dimorphism. An observation of numerous specimens seems to show that the differences are those of semisexual dimorphism. In the long-pedicelled umbels the petals are more expanded, the stamens longer, and the ovary enlarges but little, and ultimately withers without forming good seed. I have only found ripe fruits in the dense umbels, in which the pedicels rarely attain 1 line. In these the petals open less freely, sometimes cohering till they fall, and the stamens are shorter. I have found both kinds of umbels on the same specimen. — Benth.
4. H. pedicellosa (pedicels prominent), F. v. M. Fra</m . iv. 182; Benth. FI. Auxtr. tii. 341. Stems slender, slightly pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves orbicular-cordate or reniform, crenate, scarcely lobed, thin, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, often above lin. diameter. Stipules broad, entire. Peduncles filiform, with a loose umbel of 10 to 30 very small flowers, on filiform pedicels varying from 1 to 3 lines in length. Bracts all broad, short, and scarious. Ovary at the time of flowering not J line long and broad. Petals valvate, glandular. Styles rather long. Fruits about f line broad, smooth or granular, with 2 scarcely prominent ribs on each side.
Hub.: Southern localities.
5. H. tripartita (leaf three-partite), H. Br. in A. Rich. Hydroc. 69, t. 61, ./'. 25 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. iii. 341. Small and very slender, sometimes densely matted, or the filiform stems extending to several inches, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs. Leaves divided to the petiole into 3 to 5 cuneate entire or 2 or 3-tootlied segments, rarely above 3 lines long, and sometimes not li line. Stipules entire. Peduncles filiform, shorter than the leaves, each with an umbel or head of 3 to 6 or rarely more small flowers nearly sessile. Fruits § line diameter, with 2 slightly prominent ribs on each side, smooth or granular ; carpels convex on the sides, the dorsal edge obtuse. — DC. Prod. iv. 65.
Hab.: Burnett River and other southern localities.
6. II. asiatica (Asiatic), Linn.; DC. Prod. iv. 62 ; Benth. FI. Auxtr. iii. 841. A creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes, and sometimes half- floating. Leaves broadly cordate, orbicular or almost reniform, entire crenate or sinuate toothed, 1 to lHu. diameter, glabrous or pubescent, on petioles varying very much in length. Stipules broad, usually entire. Flowers 3 or 4 in little heads or umbels, on peduncles varying much in length or almost sessile. Two outer bracts under the umbel broad and scarious like the stipules, the inner ones small and narrow. Petals broad and thin, much imbricated in the bud. Fruit nearly 2 lines diameter, laterally compressed, but the dorsal edges obtuse, showing when young the secondary as well as the primary ribs, when ripe obscurely 4 to 6-ribbed on each side and somewhat reticulate. — Bunge in PI. Preiss. i. 283 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 152 ; Wight, Ic. t. 565 ; H. repanda, Pers.; DC. Prod. iv. 62 ; H. eordifolia, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. t. 308.
Hab.: A very common weed in Queensland.
The species is also in New Zealand, and generally distributed over tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and America.
LX. UMBELLIFERiE.
Ill
2. TRACHYMENE, Rudge.
(Alluding to the rough channels of the fruit.)
(Didiscus, DC.; Dimetopia, DC.; Pritzelia, IValp.; Huegelia, Reich.; Cesatia, Endl.;
Hemicarpus, F. v. M.)
Calyx-teeth minute or inconspicuous or rarely 1 or 2 rather longer and subulate. Petals entire, obtuse or nearly so, much imbricate. Disk fiat or with slightly prominent margins or scarcely any. Fruit laterally compressed, usually flat, notched at the base, without vittae ; carpophore persistent, undivided ; carpels laterally compressed, the dorsal rib prominent, rarely winged, lateral ones con- cealed in the narrow commissure, intermediate ribs semicircular, shorter than the fruit, enclosing as it were an inner disk. Seed straight, laterally compressed. — Herbs either annual, biennial, or with a perennial stock, more or less hirsute or rarely glabrous. Leaves ternately divided or rarely toothed only, without stipules. Flowers white or blue, in simple umbels, on terminal or leaf- opposed peduncles. Involucre of linear bracts usually shortly united at the base. Fruits usually tubercular murieate or villous, one carpel often differently or less muricate than the other or abortive.
Besides the Australian species, which are endemic, there is one from New Caledonia and one from Borneo. — Benth.
Small annuals. Leaves divided. Flowers few in the umbels. Fruit equally
covered with long ciliate bristles 1. X. cyanopetala.
Coarse erect annuals or biennials. Leaves divided or lobed. Flowers numerous in the umbel. Fruit not winged.
Involucral bracts much shorter than the pedicels. Flowers small. Leaves divided. Carpels both perfect or one abortive.
More or less hirsute, not glaucous 2. T. australis.
Very glabrous and glaucous 3. X. glaucifalia.
Involucral bracts short. Leaves deeply 3-lobed, with oblong-cuneate lobes.
One carpel abortive 4. X. glandulosa.
Rootstock perennial, with elongated branching stems. Leaves deeply divided, both carpels usually perfect.
Stems erect, rigid. Leaves mostly radical from the base 5. X. incisa.
Stems weak, procumbent, leafy 6. X. procumbent.
1. T. cyanopetala (petals blue), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 848. Stem and foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves deeply 8 or 5-lobed, with linear or cuneate entire or 2 or 3-lobed divisions. Peduncles short. Involucre of 4 or 5 bracts. Flowers in the umbels 3 to 6, on very short pedicels. Petals blue. Fruits densely covered with soft ciliolate bristles, and usually dense on both carpels, rarely one carpel almost bare. — Dimetopia cyanopetala, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 231.
Hab.: Darling Downs.
2. T. australis (Australian), Benth. hi. Austr. iii. 349. Stems 14 to 2ft. high. Root fusiform. Petioles and leaves hairy but on the latter the hairs are deciduous, or the whole plant sometimes nearly glabrous. Segments of the cauline leaves linear. Involucre of several narrow linear bracts. Petals large, obovate, entire. Fruit scabrous, of 2 orbicular carpels. — Did incus pilosus, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 54 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 154 ; Hook. Ic. t. 307 ; Dimetopia anisocarpa and D. <j rand is, Turcz in Bull. Mosc. 1849, ii. 29 ; Duliscus aniso- carpus and D. grandis, F. v. M. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 238.
Hab.: Newcastle Range, F. v. Mueller : inland localities.
3. T. glaucifolia (leaves glaucous), Benth. hi. Austr. iii. 850; F. r. M. Fragm. ix. 47. Apparently an annual or biennial, the whole plant perfectly glabrous and, according to F. v. Mueller, glaucous-pruinose when fresh. Leaves shortly petiolate, deeply 3 or almost 5-lobed, with linear or cuneate entire or 3-lobed divisions. Flowers blue. — Di-discus glaucifolius, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 395.
Hab.: Inland localities.
718
LX. UMBELLIFERiE.
[Trachynicne.
4. T. glandulosa (hairs glandular), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 850. Erect and apparently annual or biennial, hirsute with short glandular hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate, deeply divided (but not to the base) into 8 oblong-cuneate rather broad coarsely toothed or incised lobes. Peduncles long, glandular-hirsute. Flowers small, in umbels of about Ain. diameter. Involucral bracts shorter than the pedicels, united at the base. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Disk broad, rather thick. Fruit reduced by abortion to a single carpel, about 2 lines long and almost as broad, granular-tuberculate, not winged. — Didiscm t/latidulosus, F. v. M. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 288.
Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, /• . v. Mueller.
5. T. incisa (leaves much divided), lludye in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 800 t. 21 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 350. Glabrous or rarely with a few long hairs on the radical leaves. Stems from a thick perennial rootstock, erect, thin but rigid, 1 to 2ft. high. Leaves chiefly radical or on the lower part of the stem, on long petioles, not large, 8 or 5-partite, the segments often again twice trifid with narrow acute lobes, the upper leaves few small and less divided. Peduncles long. Bracts much shorter than the pedicels. ' Flowers small. Calyx-teeth more distinct than in the preceding species. Disk very prominent. Fruit ripening both carpels, about 2 lines broad, obtusely muricate. — Didiscus albiflorus , DC. Prod. iv. 72.
Hab.: Near Brisbane ; Stanthovpe.
Var. pilose. Sprinkled with a few Ion" hairs ; umbels rather larger.
6. T. procumbens (procumbent), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 350. Stems from a perennial rootstock elongated, procumbent or ascending, slender, quite glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent. Leaves of the stem as well as the lower ones on slender petioles, tripartite, each segment again deeply divided into narrow-cuneate or lanceolate toothed or incised lobes, mostly acute, with a few glandular hairs at the base and at the summit of the petiole, otherwise usually glabrous. Peduncles long and slender. Umbels rarely above Ain. diameter with numerous small flowers on filiform pedicels of above 2 lines. Involucral bracts setaceous, much shorter than the pedicels. Calyx-teeth minutely prominent. Disk shortly cup- shaped. Fruits usually ripening both carpels, about 1A line broad, smooth or tubercular muricate. — Didiscus procumbens, F. v. M. in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. 287.
Hab.: Brisbane P.ivCr, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, Leichhardt ; Itockinghani Bay, ./. Deillachy (F. v. M.), Mrs. Dietrich ; Lizard Island, M'GilUcrag.
3. SIEBERA, Reichb.
(After F. W. Sieber.)
(Traehymene, DC., not of Rudge : Fischera, Spreng. (partly), Sin.; Platysaee, Bunge : Platycarpidium, F. v. Mueller.)
Calyx-teeth small but usually conspicuous. Petals entire, induplicate-valvate or slightly imbricate, concave, with the end indexed, the midrib prominent inside, tbe bud prominently 5-angled. Disk flat and thick, or scarcely any besides the thick conical base of the styles. Fruit laterally compressed, slightly notched at the base, without vittae ; carpophore persistent ; carpels more or less turgid, but flattened at the commissure, the dorsal rib usually prominent, the lateral ones concealed in or slightly prominent at the narrow commissure, the intermediate ones usually faint. Seed more or less compressed but often not filling the cavity. — Rigid herbs with a perennial almost woody stock and virgate branches, or heath-like shrubs, glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent. Leaves all entire or tbe lower ones divided or all reduced to small scales, without stipules. Umbels compound or rarely simple, terminal. Involucral bracts small. Flowers small, white. Fruit small. .
The genus is confined to Australia.
Siebera .] LX. UMBELLIFER^E. 7l9
Large leafy shrub. Fruits very Hat, with acute edges 1. .S', valida.
Leafy shrubs. Carpels wholly turgid except a narrow furrow at the com- missure.
Leaves narrow-linear or subulate, all entire.
Leaves short. Stems short and diffuse, usually glandular-pubescent . 2. .S', ericoides.
Leaves mostly Jin. or more. Stems .ascending or erect, usually quite
glabrous 3. .S'. linearifolia.
Leaves orbicular, obovate, ovate or lanceolate, all entire 4. .S'. Billardieri.
1.. S. valida (of sturdy habit), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 855. A tall shrub. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, 1 to 2in. long, coriaceous, faintly 3-nerved. Umbels compound, numerous, forming a broad terminal panicle ; rays usually 3 or 4, the central one very short, all hearing partial umbels, sometimes again compound. Involucral bracts few and small. Calyx-teeth shortly prominent. Petals sometimes slightly imbricate. Fruits very flat, about 3 lines broad and 2 lines long, carpels not turgid, with the dorsal edge acute, the intermediate curved ribs slightly raised. — Plati/carpidinm ralidnw, F. v. M. in Hook. Ivew Journ. ix. 310 ; Platysace valida, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 232.
Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; Bowen River. Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
2. S. ericoides (Heath-like), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 356. A small, much- branched, divaricate or diffuse shrub, glabrous or more frequently glandular- pubescent towards the ends of the branches. Leaves all entire, linear or subulate, acute, more spreading than in S. linear) folia, rarely exceeding Ain. and mostly shorter. Umbels compound, but small and compact, very shortly pedunculate, with few rays. Involucral bracts short, linear. Fruit nearly as in S. linearifolia , but less rugose or quite smooth, the carpels usually more turgid and often furrowed at the intermediate rib, besides the commissural furrow. — -Trachymene ericoides, Sieb. in DC. Prod. iv. 738 ; T. tenuis and T subrelutina, DC. l.c.
Hab.: Moreton Island, M'Gillivray.
Var. thy mi folia , A. Cunn. Leaves small (not above 2 lines long), oblong-linear or lanceolate, acute, with recurved margins. — Barren spots, forest land, Moreton Bay. A. Cunningham.
The species is often scarcely to be distinguished from S. linearifolia. -Benth.
3. S. linearifolia (leaves linear), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 356. Shrubby and glabrous with slender branches, decumbent, ascending, or erect. Leaves all entire, narrow-linear or subulate, acute, mostly A to lin. long. Umbels com- pound, on slender peduncles, usually exceeding the last leaves, with 3 or 4 or rarely more slender rays. Involucral bracts small, linear. Calyx-teeth shortly prominent. Disk broad with a thickened margin. Fruit about 1 line long and broad, more or less rugose, the ribs scarcely conspicuous ; carpels turgid with a broad obtuse back, leaving only a narrow groove at the commissure. — Azorella linearifolia, Cav. Ic. v. 57 t. 485 ; Trachymene linearis, Spreng.; DC. Prod. iv. 73 ; Fischer a linearis, Sm. in Rees Cycl. Suppl.
Hab : Fraser’s and Moreton Islands and Stanthoipe.
The species passes almost into S. ericifolia on the one hand and the narrow-leaved varieties of ,S'. Billardieri on the other. — Benth.
4. S. Billardieri (after J. .T. Labillardiere), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 856. A shrub, either low and diffuse or erect and attaining 2 or 3ft., glabrous or with minutely pubescent branches. Leaves orbicular, obovate, ovate, elliptical, cuneate, or broadly or narrow-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, narrowed at the base and almost petiolate or closely sessile and rounded at the base, mostly under Ain. long when broad and obtuse, often above lin. when narrow and acute. Umbels compound, sessile or pedunculate, but the peduncles rarely long ; rays often numerous but sometimes few. Involucral bracts linear, small, or rarely as long as the rays. Fruit about 1 line long and broad, more or less tubercular or
720
-LX. UMBELLIFER^E.
[Siebera.
rugose, the ribs scarcely conspicuous, or both the dorsal and intermediate ones prominent, or the latter depressed. Carpels turgid, leaving a narrow furrow between them at the commissure.
Hab.: Various southern localities.
A most variable species as to the form of the leaves, and might indeed include the preceding two species. — Benth.
4. XANTHOSIA, Rudge.
(From the yellow-coloured hairs which clothe some species.)
(Leucolaena, R. Br.: Schcenolrena, Bunge; l’entapeltis, Bunge.)
Calyx- lobes orbicular ovate or lanceolate, peltate cordate or not attached by the whole of the base. Petals with an induplicate point and reduplicate margins, slightly imbricate or almost valvate. Disk of 2 prominent lobes or glands at the back of the styles or rarely almost Hat. Fruit laterally compressed, notched at the base with rounded auricles, without vittse, the carpophore persistent, the dorsal edge of the carpels obtuse, the primary and often some oi the secondary ribs prominent and curved at the base. Seed somewhat compressed. — Herbs or small shrubs, diffuse or decumbent at the base or erect, often clothed with soft long hairs mixed with a stellate tomentum. Leaves toothed, lobed or ternately divided. Umbels usually compound, the partial ones with two or three bracts and several almost sessile flowers, the general one of 3 or 4 rays and as many bracts, but sometimes the whole umbel reduced to very few or to a single flower.
The genus is confined to Australia.
1. X. pilosa (hairy), Rudye in Tram. Linn. Soc. x. 301 t. 22,/. 1 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 360. An erect or more frequently diffuse or procumbent, much branched, leafy shrub, of 1 to 2ft., copiously clothed with rather long hairs intermixed with a brown stellate tomentum, or very rarely in mountain situations becoming almost glabrous. Leaves cuneate, obovate, oblong, lanceolate or broadly ovate, coarsely sinuate-toothed, 3 or 5-lobed or rarely 3-partite, the central lobe always longer than the lateral ones, rarely exceeding lin., the petiole short, dilated and ciliate at the base, but without real stipules. Peduncles usually 2 together at the nodes, very short or slender and nearly as long as the leaves, each usually with 2 flowers, more rarely 3 or only 1, with 2 or 3 small narrow bracts forming a general involucre at the base of the short pedicels or rays, and 2 or 3 oblong-lanceolate bracts of 2 or 3 lines, forming a partial involucre under each flower. Calyx-lobes rather thickened at the base, but neither cordate nor peltate. Petals narrow, with a long inflexed point. Disk- lobes thick, pubescent. Fruit rather above 1 line long and broad, the inter- mediate and secondary ribs prominent, the lateral ones scarcely distinct from the commissure. — A', nwntana, Sieb. in DC. Prod. iv. 74 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 155 ; X. hirsuta, DC. Prod. iv. 74 ; Leucoltena pannosa, Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 55 (more densely villous, with longer leaves).
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay and some few other southern localities.
One-flowered and two-flowered involucres, on which two species have been frequently distin- guished, occur sometimes on the same specimens. The glabrous specimens, from mountain situations, appear at first sight very distinct, but I can find no other difference than the want of hairs. — Benth.
5. ACTINOTUS, Labill.
(Involucre rayed.)
(Eriocalia, 8m.; Holotome, Until.; Hemiphues, Hook, /.y
Calyx-limb distinct, campanulate or open, truncate or 5-lobed. Petals 5, unguiculate, spathulate or orbicular-concave, imbricate in the bud, or none. Disk-lobes or glands at the back of the styles, often not quite at the base. Ovary
LX. tJMBELLIFER^E.
721
Actinotw .*.]
with a single cell and ovale ; styles 2, often united at the base. Fruit ovate, of a single carpel, crowned by the calyx-limb, compressed from front to back, 5-ribbed, one face (the broad commissure ?) nearly flat with 1 rib, the other (the back ?) convex with 2 ribs, and 1 rib at or near each margin. Vittae none. Seed filling the cavity. — Herbs, either annual or with a perennial rootstock or woody or tufted base. Leaves toothed or ternately divided. Umbels simple, surrounded by a radiating involucre of herbaceous or coloured and often very tomento.se or woolly bracts exceeding the flowers. Flowers often very numerous, all with apparently perfect stamens and styles, but the outer ones often males by the abortion of the ovary, rarely all perfect.
The genus is confined to Australia. The characters upon which it has been divided appear to me to be too artificial and too little in correlation with each other to serve even for sections. — Benth.
Stems branched, more or less leafy. Umbels pedunculate.
Involucres very woolly or hirsute, coloured, 1 to 3in. diameter. Tall erect plants. Leaves once or twice tripartite. Densely tomentose. Calyx 5- lobed. Petals none 1. A. Helianthi.
Involucres under Jin. diameter. Stems diffuse or ascending. Leaves -
divided, white underneath. Calyx a-lobed. Petals none 2. A. minor.
Involucres with about 9 bracts, very shortly pedunculate. Flowers nearly
all fertile. Petals none. Fruit ovate-orbicular ; margins densely ciliate . 3. A. Gibbonm.
1. A. Helianthi (Sunflower-like), Labill. ' PI. Nor. Holl. i. 67 t.
92; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 867. Flannel Flower. Erect, apparently
perennial, 1 to 2ft. high, covered with a soft dense almost floccose or woolly tomentum, rarely wearing off from the upper side of the leaves. Leaves twice 3-partite, with linear or oblong-linear mostly obtuse seg- ments, entire or again 2 or 3-lobed. Umbels dense, on long stout peduncles. Involucre radiating to a diameter of 2 or 4in ., consisting of 10 to 18 coloured softly tomentose bracts. Flowers on filiform pedicels of 1J to 2 lines, but so numerous as to form a dense head of Jin. to fin. diameter, the outer ones all males, the central ones perfect, both in numerous rows. Calyx-rim hairy, transparent, about J line long, deeply divided into obtuse linear lobes. Petals none. Disk-lobes oblong, gland-like, adnate to the entire base of the style. Fruit about 2 lines long, covered with long silky hairs. — Bot. Reg. t. 654 ; DC. Prod. iv. 83 ; Eriocalia major, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 37 t. 38.
Hab.: Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller : One-tree Hill, Taylor’s Range, and Stanthorpe.
2. A. minor (smaller), DC. Prod. iv. 83 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 368. The smaller Flannel Flower. Stems from a perennial base, long and slender, diffuse or ascending, glabrous or slightly tomentose or rarely silky-hairy. Leaves small, on short petioles, 3-partite, with cuneate or linear segments usually 3 to 4 lines long, entire or 2 or 3-lobed, glabrous above, white-tomentose underneath, rarely silky-hairy. Umbels small, on long slender peduncles. Involucre radiating to about Jin. diameter, the bracts lanceolate, acute, densely white-tomentose on the upper side, glabrous on the back, at least along the centre. Flowers very nume- rous, the males in several rows at the circumference, the perfect ones in the centre, all on short very hairy pedicels. Calyx-limb deeply divided into acute lobes. Petals none. Disk-lobes sessile, with the styles between them distinct from the base. Fruit about 1 line long, hairy. — Eriocalia minor, Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. 39 t. 79.
Hab.: N.S.W. border.
3. A. Gibbonsii (after Win. Sydney Gibbons), F. r. M. Frat/m. vi. 23. A weak annual with decumbent or adscendent steins 1ft. or more long, floxuose, simple or little branched. Leaves rhomboid or cuneate in outline, deeply divided
722
LX. UMBELLIFEJELE.
Artinotus.
into 8 lobes, or 2, 3 or more lobes. Umbels 4 to 6 lines diameter, containing 30 or fewer nearly all fertile apetalous flowers. Calyx-lobes ciliate, about \ line long. Fruit about 1 line long, blackish, puberulous, margin white, ciliate.
Hab.: Stanthorpe.
This species Mueller considered to differ front .4. minor principally in being an annual.
G. ERYNGIUM, Linn.
(From a name of Dioscorides.)
Calyx-lobes rigid, acute or pungent-pointed. Petals erect, with reduplicate or recurved margins and a long induplicate point, scarcely imbricate in the bud. Disk with a thick raised margin encircling the styles. Fruit obovoid or ovoid, scarcely compressed, the ribs inconspicuous, without vittfe. Carpophore deci- duous.— Herbs with prickly leaves and involucres. Flowers in compact spikes or heads, with a bract under each flower, the outer ones and sometimes some of the inner ones much longer than the dowers, rigid and pungent-pointed. Calyx- tube covered with transparent, acuminate or obtuse, flat or vesicular scales.
The genus is spread over the greater part of the warm and temperate regions of the globe, the species most abundant and most varied in S. America Of the 4 Australian species, 1 is also in Chili, another extends to New Zealand, the remaining 2 appear to be endemic. — Benth.
Some of the species of this genus have been suspected of poisoning stock.
Leaves pinnately toothed, lobed, or divided, the radical ones narrow.
Point of the petals jagged or ciliate.
Flower heads ovoid or globular.
Stems erect, or rarely shortly decumbent at the base 1. E. rostratum.
Stems prostrate, resembling stolons but not rooting 2. E. vesicitlosum.
Flower-heads oblong or cylindrical 3. E. plantagineum.
Radical leaves obovate or oblong, toothed or lobed. Stem-leaves opposite, short, divaricately lobed. Stems dichotomous. Point of the petals obtuse, entire 4. E. expansum.
1. E. rostratum (beaked). Car. lc. PI. vi. 35 t. 552 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. iii. 370. Stems erect, 1 to 2ft. high, the lower branches sometimes alternate, but more frequently the branches 2, 3, or 4 together, with a peduncle in the fork. Radicle leaves elongated, usually linear, pinnatifid, with entire or pinnatifid linear-pungent lobes, but sometimes the rhachis broader-linear, and the lobes reduced to teeth, or the rhachis very narrow with very few distant narrow lobes, or in wet places the leaves quite entire, grass-like, Gin. long, and marked with raised transverse lines so as to appear jointed. Stem-leaves only under the peduncles or branches, short, once or twice pinnatifid, and very rigid and pungent. Flower-heads ovoid-globose. Bracts very rigid and pungent, linear or linear-lanceolate, the outer ones and sometimes a few of the inner ones A to lin. long, the others smaller, and some not exceeding the flowers. Calyx-tube densely covered with linear obtuse scales or vesicles. Inflected point of the petals ciliate- denticulate or jagged. — DC. Prod. iv. 89 ; E. orinttm, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 358 ; Schlecht. Linntea, xx. 622 ; DC. Prod. iv. 89 ; E. anf/usti- foliuin, DC. Prod. iv. 95 (from the diagnosis given) ; /•.'. pinnatifulum and E. totra- cephalum, Bunge in PI. Preiss. i. 293.
Hab.: Common in inland localities.
The species is found also in extratropicai South America. It is exceedingly variable in size> number of heads, and degree of division of the leaves. In some vigorous specimens the heads are Jin. or rather more in diameter, without the involucral bracts, which are 1 to l£in. long, and some of them with a few bristly lobes. In others the heads are few and small, and but few of the bracts attain 4in. In general, in arid situations the leaves are more divided with narrower more rigid lobes, and in wet situations either entire or simply pinnatifid. — Benth.
Yar. subdecumbens. Radical leaves Gin. to lft. long, linear, entire, or with a few linear lobes. Stems short, sometimes decumbent, almost as in E. vesiculosum. — A form on the Darling Downs appears to belong to this variety.
Eri/nr/inm.]
LX. UMBELLIFERjE.
72 8
2. E. vesiculosum (bladdery), Labill. PI. Xor. Hull. i. 73 t. 98 ; lienth. FI. Austr. iii. 370. Radical leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong or broadly linear, coarsely prickly-toothed, narrowed into a petiole, rarely above 8 or 4in. long and usually much shorter. Stems elongated, prostrate, having the appearance of stolons, but not rooting. Floral leaves opposite, cuneate or linear, mostly 4- to lin. long, with 3 to 5 pungent teeth or lobes. Peduncles radical or from the nodes, each with a small hemispherical globular or shortly ovoid head. Outer bracts and sometimes a few of the inner ones linear or lanceolate, rigid, pungent and far exceeding the flowers, the others much smaller. Scales or vesicles of the calyx-tube sometimes lanceolate and acute, sometimes oblong and obtuse. Petals with the inflected points slightly jagged. — DC. Prod. iv. 92 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 159.
Hali.: Darling Downs.
The species is also in New Zealand.
3. E. plantagineum (Plantain-like), F. r. M. in Prof. Ho;/. Sue. Tasm. iii. 235; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 37 1. Very closely allied to F. rostratum, with the same habit, foliage, and flowers, but the heads sometimes 2in. long, are oblong- cylindrical, and the bracts smaller, a few only of the outer ones and very rarely 1 or 2 of the upper ones projecting far beyond the flowers.
Hah.: Darling and Peak Downs. Barcoo, Springsure.
4. E. expansum (spreading), F. r. M. in Proc. Ho;/. Sue. Tasm. iii. 236; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 371. Radical leaves oblong or almost obovate, 2 to 3in. long, narrowed into a petiole, bordered by coarse prickly teeth or lobes. Stems erect or diffuse, dichotomous, extending to 1 or 2ft. Floral leaves opposite, short and broad, deeply divided into 3 or rarely 5 divaricate cuneate prickly-toothed lobes. Peduncles in the forks very short, each with a small globular head of 6 to 8 or rarely more small flowers. Bracts linear or lanceolate, pungent, all, at least the outer ones, much longer than the flowers. Flowers scarcely 1 line long, including the ovary. Calyx-lobes shorter than the adnafce tube (or ovary), pungent-pointed as in the rest of the genus. Petals very short, the inflected end obtuse, entire. — Klatt in Linmea, xxix. 712.
Hab.: Brisbane, Dawson and Burnett Rivers ; Peak Downs, Wide Bay. Moreton Bay.
The species has some resemblance to the tropical American firtidum, but it is remarkable for the smallness of its flowerheads. — Benth.
7. BUPLEURUM, Linn.
(Derivation obscure.)
Calyx-teeth none. Petals obovate, emarginate. Styles short. Fruit laterally compressed, slightly constricted at the commissure ; carpels terete or subpen- tagonal ; primary ridges distinct, sometimes subulate, rarely obscure ; secondary wanting or obscure ; vittte 1 to 3 between the primary ridges, rarely wanting or many ; carpophore entire, 2-fid or 2-partite. Disk depressed, rarely prominent in fruit. Seeds terete, sometimes slightly grooved on the inner face. Glabrous herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire. Umbels compound, bracts and bracteoles foliaceous or setaceous, or none. Flowers yellow or lurid, pedicelled or sub- sessile.
1. B. rotundifolium (round-leaved), Linn. Common Hare’s-ear ; Thorow- wax. Cauline leaves perfoliate. Umbels 5 to 0-rayed. Involucre wanting, involucels 5-leaved. Fruit ribs slender.
Hub.: This European species has become naturalised in several southern localities.
721
LX. UMBELLTFER/E.
8. APIUM, Linn.
(Derivation obscure.)
Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals ovate or broad, with a short indexed tip, the margins not recurved, scarcely imbricate. Disk rather thick, confluent with the conical base of the styles. Fruit short, slightly compressed laterally. Carpels ovoid, with 5 prominent ribs, the lateral ones close to the rather narrow commissure, with 1 vitta under each furrow, and usually 2 at the commissure. Carpophore undivided. Seed nearly terete, straight. — -Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves ternately or pinnately dissected. • Umbels compound, leaf-opposed or terminal, without involucral bracts.
The genus, whether limited to 3 or 4 species, or further extended to include several species distinguished upon slight grounds by modern botanists, will be found to extend over most of the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. Both the Australian species have a wide range, one chiefly in the southern hemisphere without the tropics, the other in America and tropical Africa. — Benth.
Leaves once or twice pinnate, with 3 or ■> more or less divided broad or
narrow segments 1. .4. australe.
Leaves ternately divided into numerous filiform segments or lobes ... 2. A. leptophyllum.
1. A. australe (Australian), Thou.: Hool;. /. FI. Tamil, i. 160; Benth. FI. Anstr. iii. 372. Stems usually prostrate or decumbent, rarely erect, from very short to 1 or 2ft. long, or even more. Leaves once or twice pinnatipartite, very variable in size and shape, the segments 3-partite, with incised lobes, from broadly obovate to narrow-linear, the lower ones on rather long petiolules. Umbels sessile or very shortly pedunculate at the nodes, of from 3 to 6 rays, each with a small umbel of rather numerous white flowers, without involucral bracts. Disk broad and thick, almost flat. Carpels with the primary ribs very prominent, almost corky, and narrow furrows between them ; vittae usually broad, but not very distinct.: — A. prostratum, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 76 t. 103 ; Vent. •Tard. Malm. t. 81 ; Petroselinum prostratum, DC. Prod. iv. 102; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 305 ; Helosciadium australe, Bunge in PI. Preiss. i. 294 ; H. prostration, Bunge, l.c. 295.
Hab.: Very common in swamps.
There are 2 common forms, one with short broad very obtuse leaf-segments, chiefly found near the sea ; and some specimens from the seacoast of Tasmania, the islands of Bass’s Straits and adjoining coasts of the mainland, have a thick almost woody stem and large thick leaves divided into very numerous small obtuse segments. The other form has numerous long narrrow acute linear segments, and often seems too unlike the maritime one to belong to the same species, but the intermediates between the two are very numerous, passing gradually from the one to the other.— Benth.
The species is also in New Zealand, the S. Pacific Islands, Antarctic America, and perhaps in South Africa. It is very near the wild celery of the northern hemisphere (A. yraveolens, Linn.), but that has generally an erect stem, and the ribs of the fruit appear to be always much more slender, with broad furrows between them. — Benth.
2. A. leptophyllum (divisions of leaf very narrow), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Anstr. iii. 372. An erect or diffuse slender glabrous annual of 1 to 2ft. Leaves ternately divided into numerous filiform segments, the lower ones petiolate, the upper ones sessile, with fewer segments. Umbels at the nodes sessile or pedunculate, of 2 or 3 slender rays, each with a partial umbel of many flowers on slender pedicels, without involucral bracts. Disk rather broad, convex, scarcely distinct from the very short styles. Ribs of the carpels very prominent and thick, almost corky, separated by very narrow furrows, with one vitta under each hirrov>r.—Heloseiadiion leptophyllum, DC. Prod. iv. 105, with the numerous synonyms adduced.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay; a common weed.
The species is common in South America, extending to the southern States of North America, and is also found in tropical Africa. —Benth,
LX. UMBELLIFERffi.
725
9. *AMMI, Linn.
(From ammos, sand ; habitation of plants.)
Calyx-teeth obsolete or small. Petals obovate, with an indexed point, emar- ginate, or with 2 unequal lobes, the exterior ones frequently larger. Fruit laterally compressed, ovate-oblong. Carpels with 5 filiform equal ribs, the lateral ones marginal. Interval with single vitta, commissure with 2 vittie. carpophore free, 2 -parted. Seeds terete-convex, flattish on the face. Herbs with a fusiform root and pinnately divided or many-parted leaves. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucre many-leaved, the leaflets 3-cleft or pinnatifid. Involucels many-leaved, the leaflets undivided.
Genus of a few species "rowing chiefly in the Mediterranean region, and extending to Chili and Brazil.
1. A. majus (the greater), Linn. Common Bishop’s Weed. Stems 3 to 4ft. high, subglaucent, glabrous, terete. Leaves pinnately divided, segments cartilaginous on the margin, acutely serrate; lower ones lanceolate; the upper ones many-cleft, linear. Primary rays of the umbel sometimes 2in. long, slender, and as well as the secondary rays scattered with a few minute serrulate points ; secondary rays 1 to 2in. long, about equalling the linear acute bracteoles. Bracts of the involucre f to lin. long. Fruit ^ line long.
Hab.: This European weed has become naturalised in many southern localities.
10. SIUM, Linn.
(Supposed to be derived from the Celtic word for water.)
Calyx-teeth acute or obsolete. Petals white, emarginate. Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally compressed, constricted at the commissure ; primary ridges prominent, obtuse, frequently thickened ; furrows 8 to 2 (or 1-) vittate ; carpo- phore completely bipartite, each half adnate to the adjoining mericarp. Seed terete. — Glabrous herbs. Leaves pinnate, pinnae toothed. Umbels compound terminal and lateral ; bracts and bracteoles several.
Plants of the north temperate zone, South Africa, and Australia.
1. S. latifolium (broad-leaved), Linn. Water Parsnip. A swamp plant 1 to 2ft. high. Leaves simply pinnate. Fruits nearly those of Apium, but the calyx-teeth usually prominent and several vittie under each furrow. Umbels terminal, with general and partial involucres.
Hab.: In the southern swamps ; abundant at Toowoomba, and most probably indigenous.
11. CENANTHE, Linn.
(Supposed to have a wine fragrance.)
C&lyx-teeth small, acute. Petals emarginate. Fruit glabrous, ellipsoid, longer than broad, or globose, nearly terete, commissure broad ; carpels half-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face plane ; lateral primary ridges large, triangular, corky ; dorsal and intermediate primary ridges much smaller, sometimes obsolete, or all subequal ; furrows 1-vittate ; carpophore none ; disk usually not prominent. Seed terete or dorsally compressed, inner face plane. — Herbs, growing in wet places, roots fibrous creeping or stoloniferous. Leaves 1 to 3-pinnate, ultimate segments large or linear or minute, rarely reduced almost to sheaths. Umbels compound ; bracts none or 1 ; bracteoles several, linear. Flowers white, often polygamous, males sometimes radiant.
Most of the species found in northern hemisphere and South Africa.
72G
LX. UMBELLIFEILE.
[<1, nanthe.
1. CE. stolonifera (sucker-bearing), Wall. Stoloniferous, steins glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 1ft. long, often floating, rooting from the lower nodes. Leaves from 3-partite to 2-pinnate, secondary pinnie lanceolate or rhomboid-lanceolate, serrate; ultimate segments 1 to 2in. long, A to lin. broad, those of the upper leaves never linear. Peduncles usually elongate. Pedicels 1 to 1^ line long. Kays 6 to GO, A to 2in. long, stout. Fruits 1^ line long, subquadrate-ellipsoid, sometimes shorter, scarcely longer than broad ; dorsal and intermediate ridges usually distinct, scarcely prominent. Seed in horizontal section, nearly circular. — Wight Ic. t. 571 ; <K. javanira , DC.; Plu’llaml ritim stole nip nun, Roxb.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, . T . DnUnrluj (F. v. M. Fragm. v. 182).
12. CRANTZIA, Nutt.
(After Professor Crantz.)
Calyx-teeth shortly prominent. Petals acute, concave, the margins not recurved, imbricate in the bud. Disk scarcely distinct from the conical base of the styles. Fruit broadly ovoid, very slightly laterally compressed. Carpels nearly terete, with 5 corky ribs, the lateral ones forming a thick mass at the rather broad commissure, with 1 vitta under each furrow and 2 at the commissure. Carpophore not separating from the carpels. Albumen of the seed terete. — Small creeping herb. Leaves linear-terete, undivided. Umbels simple, with minute involucral bracts.
The genus is confined to a single species, extending to New Zealand and extratropical and Andine America.— Bent h.
1. C. lineata (referring to the transverse lines in the leaves), Nutt. Gen. PI. N. Amer. i. 178; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 374. Stems or rhizomes slender, creeping and rooting at the nodes. Leaves solitary or tufted at the nodes, slender, tistulose, marked with transverse nodes, from under lin. in some specimens to 2 or Bin. long, or even more, rarely in American specimens broader and flattened at the upper end. Peduncles filiform, solitary at the nodes, each with an umbel of 8 to 12 or sometimes more minute flowers, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines. Fruits very small. — DC. Prod. iv. 71 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 160, and FI. Antarct. 287 t. 100 ; Wedd. Chlor. And. ii. t. 68. — C. amtralira, F. v. M. 2nd Gen. Rep. according to Klatt, Linntea, xxix. 714.
Hab.: In the marshes of the Brisbane River. Flowering during December.
13. : CORIANDRUM, Linn.
(Said to be derived from the bug-like scent of plant.)
Calyx-teeth small, acute, often unequal. Petals obovate, emarginate, white or purplish, of the outer flowers unequal, often radiant. Fruit subglobose, ridges not prominent, dorsal primary and adjacent secondary strongest, lateral primary and secondary obscure ; vittae obscure, solitary, under the secondary ridges ; carpels slightly concave on the inner face, commissure distinctly 2-vittate ; carpophore 2-partite. Seeds convexo-concave, about thrice as broad as thick. — A herb, annual, branched, glabrous. Leaves decompound. Umbels compound, rays few ; bracts none or small linear ; bracteoles few, filiform.
1. C. sativum (cultivated), Linn. Coriander. The ultimate segments of the lower leaves ovate or lanceolate, of the upper linear. Fruit globose, 10-ribbed.
Hab.: A plant of southern Europe, met with as a stray from cultivation
LX. UMBELLIFER/E.
727
14. DAUCUS, Linn.
(From the Greek.)
Calyx-teeth prominent. Petals with inflexed points, the margins not recurved, slightly imbricate in the bud. Disk small, confluent with the conical base of the styles. Fruit ovoid or oblong, scarcely compressed, bristly ; carpels dorsally compressed, the primary ribs inconspicuous or not prominent, the 4 secondary ribs very prominent, expanded into rows of glochidiate bristles, with 1 vitta under each secondary rib and 2 at the broad commissure. Carpophore simple or bipartite. — Annuals or biennials, usually hirsute. Leaves decompound, with narrow segments. Umbels compound, the bracts of the general involucre usually dissected.
Besides the Australian species,, which extends over New Zealand and Western America, the genus includes the Carrot and a few other species natives of the northern hemisphere. — Benth.
1. D. brachiatus (branches at right angles to each other), Sieli. in DC. Crod. iv. 214 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 876. An erect or decumbent annual, some- times small and slender, sometimes stout and attaining 1 to 2ft., more or less sprinkled or hirsute with short stiff hairs. Leaves on slender petioles, twice pinnate, with short narrow incised or pinnate segments, usually minutely mucronulate. Umbels of about 8 to 5 very unequal rays, with 2 or 8 floral leaves or involucral bracts divided into 2 or 8 linear-subulate segments ; one of the rays sometimes growing out into a continuation of the stem and bearing another compound umbel. Fruit ovoid, varying very much in size, usually scarcely 2 lines long, with short bristles, sometimes above 3 lines long, the bristles long and very fine, or stout and dilated at the base. — Bunge in PI. Preiss. i. 295 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 161, with the synonyms adduced (except P. pitsilhts, Mich.); Seandi.r f/lochidiata, Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 75 t. 102.
Hab.: A very common South Queensland weed.
J. D. Hooker includes among the synonyms of this species the Davcus pinnllttg, Mich., of the United States of N. America, and on that authority F. v. Mueller takes Michaux’s name as the oldest for the species. I). pusilhix appears, however, always to have the umbel, although small, regular with numerous rays, and more dissected involucral bracts, as in D. Ca rota, and must probably be retained as a distinct species connecting in some measure I), brachiatus with l). Carota. — Benth .
Order LXI. ARALIACEjE.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb forming a slightly raised line or short cup round the summit, truncate or toothed, or quite inconspicuous. Petals 5 or more, or rarely 4, usually valvate and shortly inflected at the tip, and often cohering, rarely with a long inflected point, or (in a few species not Australian) obtuse and imbricate, inserted round an epigynous entire disk. Stamens as many as petals or sometimes (in genera not Australian) more, inserted with them round the epigynous disk ; anthers versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 2 or more celled, or very rarely 1-celled by abortion, with 1 anatropous ovule in each cell, pendulous from the summit. Styles as many as cells, either distinct erect and afterwards recurved with small terminal stigmas, or united in a cone, or reduced to a slight protuberance with as many stigmas as cells radiating on the summit and often scarcely conspicuous. Fruit more or less drupaceous and indehiscent, the epicarp succulent, rarely nearly dry and thin, always distinct from the endocarp, which is hardened into as many 1 -seeded pyrenes as cells of the ovary, usually laterally compressed. Seed pendulous, testa very thin, albumen the shape of the pyrene, with an even surface, or rarely ruminate. Embryo minute, near the apex of the seed, the radical superior. — Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers, very rarely (in a few specimens not Australian) herbs. Leaves simple, digitate or pinnately compound, sometimes very large, Part II on
72ft
LXT. ATIALTACE/F..
the rhachis often articulate, the petiole dilated at the base or the dilatations united in an intrapetiolar stipule. Flowers small, often greenish or purple, in umbels heads or rarely racemes, which are usually disposed in large terminal racemes or panicles, the umbels rarely solitary or in compound umbels. Bracts usually small and often inconspicuous or none. Flowers frequently polygamous, the ovary entirely abortive in the males, the stamens often smaller or rarely wanting in the females.
With the exception of a very few species in the temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres, the Order is confined to the tropics in the New as well as in the Old World. Ilenth.
Generally speaking. Araliacew differ front VmheUifer<r by their tall shrubby or arborescent habit, large leaves, paniculate inflorescence, valvatc petals, entire disk and drupaceous fruits, but every one of these characters breaks down in some exceptional case, and some have proposed to unite the two Orders. But such connecting links occur in the case of even the most natural Orders, and it appears to me that if .tstrotricha and Horsfieldia are transferred from Vmbcllifcne, where they have been hitherto placed, into A raliaccee. there is really very little difficulty in drawing the line of demarcation between the two.- Benlh.
Series I. Aralieae. — Petal * more or lex* imbricate, attached by a broad bane.
Gynreceum 2-merous. Fruit transversely subterete, pyrenes hemispherical.
Leaves pinnate. Umbels in panicles. Pedicels articulate under the flowers 1. Det.arbrf.a. Gynoecium 2 to 5-merous. Fruit angular when dry. Leaves digitate, pinnate or decompound ; leaflets serrulate. Umbels solitary, racemose, paniculate or rarely umbellate. Pedicels articulate, under the flower . . 2. Arai.ia.
Gynoecium 5-merous. F'ruit angular when dry. Leaves pinnate, 3 to 7- foliolate ; leaflets serrulate to quite entire. Umbellate or racemose- paniculate. Pedicels subarticulate 3. Pf.xtapanax.
Series II. Mackinlayieae. -Petal* contracted into a very short claw , involute, valvatc.
Gynoecium 2-merous. Styles free. Fruit laterally piano-compressed. Leaves
digitate. Umbels compound. Pedicels articulate, under the flower ... 4. Mackixlaya.
Series III. Panace®. — Petal* valvale. Stamens the same number as petal*. Albumen
uniform.
Fruit laterally compressed or subterete ; pyrenes 2, furrowed on each side of the commissural edge, or curved into spurious empty cells. Leaves simple,
entire woolly beneath. Umbels in panicles 5. Astrotricha.
Fruit 2-eelled. 2-seeded Leaves trifoliolate or reduced to a single leaflet . 6. Mothf.rwellia
Fruit laterally compressed or didymous, rarely 2 to 3-angular. Filaments filiform ; styles distinct, at length recurved ; stigmas introrse, more or less decurrent. Leaves bipinnate, pinnate, digitate, or 1-foliolate. Umbels
capitate or in racemose panicles 7. Panax.
Flowers 5 to 6-merous. rarely 4 or 7 to 8-merous. Drupe angular-costate when dry. Leaves digitate, rarely 1-foliolate. Umbellate, the umbels in
racemes or racemose panicles. Pedicels not articulate 8. Heptaplecrum
Flowers usually 10 to 12-merous. Drupe globose, sulcate or costate. Leaves digitate. Heads in racemes or panicles. Flowers sessile, within 3 or 4 bracts 9. Brassaia.
Series IV. Xfederese. — Petal* valrate. Stamen * the same number as petal*. Albumen ruminate.
Gynoecium 3 to 7-merous, usually 5-merous. Styles conical or connate in a short column. Leaves simple or pinnate. Umbels in panicles. Pedicels not articulate 10. Hedera.
1. DELARBREA, Vieill.
(After M. Delarbre.)
Calyx-limb broad campanulate ; lobes 5, imbricate, obtuse. Petals 5, ovate, imbricate, very caducous. Stamens 5, filaments filiform ; anthers ovate. Disk small, somewhat thick, subconical. Ovary 2-celled ; styles distinct, erect, the upper part clavate. Stigmas terminal. Fruit ovoid, scarcely compressed, exocarp thin, fleshy, often full of oil -bladders ; pyrenes chartaceous or subcrnstaceous, hemispherical, commissural face plane, or somewhat concave, the back sub-3-
Dehrhrra:
LXI. ARALIACEiE.
720
ribbed, full all through of oil-bladders. Seeds dorsally compressed, albumen uniform. — Little-branched glabrous tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, crowded at the top of stem and end of branches, imparipinnate ; leaflets coriaceous, entire or obscurely repando-orenulate, stipules adnate to the petiole. The umbels in panicles. Bracts few, ovate. Pedicels articulate under the flower.
Besides the Queensland plant, *2 are found in New Caledonia. B. and H. Gen. PI. i. 935.
1. D. Michieana (after Archibald Michie), F. r. M. Vmijtn. vii. 95 (under Porospermum). A small tree, the bases of the petioles with stipule-like expansions. Rhachis cylindric, 2 to 4ft. long. Leaflets about 30, the upper ones attaining Tin. in length and 2in. in breadth, coriaceous-chartaceous, acuminate, glossy above, pale beneath. Panicles 2 to 3ft. long, on peduncles about 1ft., little branched ; bracts narrow-lanceolate. Flower umbels in racemes. Pedicels 1 to 4 lines long. Calyx split into lobes about b line long. Petals 1 line long. Anthers a little shorter than the petals, obtuse, yellow. Styles about 1 line long, recurved. Disk almost pyramidal. Fruit 7 to 10 lines long, almost drupaceous, dark blue, oval ; a transverse section showing a ring of large oil cells.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay. Mulgrave River, and many other localities in north Queensland.
2. ARALIA, Linn.
(Derivation obscure.)
Calyx-margin truncate or 5-toothed; petals 5, ovate, imbricate in the bud; stamens 5 ; ovary 2 to 5-celled ; styles 2 to 5, free or shortly connate at the base (at least in the seed- producing flowers). Fruit 4 to 5-eelled, 4 to 5-angular, or subglobose 2 to 3-celled. Albumen uniform. — Herbs, shrubs, or small trees, glabrous, hairy, or prickly. Leaves alternate or whorled, digitate-pinnate or compound-pinnate ; leaflets serrate or nearly entire ; stipules not prominent. Umbels solitary or in racemes or panicles, rarely in compound umbels ; pedicels jointed close under the flower or not. Flowers often polygamo-monoecious. — Hook. FI. Brit. Ind.
1. A. Macdowalli (after A. M‘Dowall), F. r. M., Son. Sri. Iier., April 1880. Tree with slender erect trunk 30 to 40ft. high, the whole as well as the branches densely covered with short, stout, sharp prickles except on the petioles, although present there. Leaves long, simply pinnate, leaflets numerous, 6 to 8in. long and 2in. or more broad, the margins entire, pointed at the apex, blunt at the base, both sides dark-green. Umbels solitary or 2 or 3 together, spreading, with a linear-lanceolate bract at the base, the pedunculate umbels arranged on an elongated general flower-stalk. Flowers seceding from the persistent stalklets. Calyxes nearly 2 lines long, the lobes occupying about one-fourth of the whole length. Petals nearly ovate, prominently lined inside along the middle. Anthers almost sessile, oblong ; styles 2, erect, rather thick, free ; stigmas acute, conver- gent. The ripe fruit said to be blue. — Pana.c Maedowalli, F. v. M. l.c.
Hah.: Russell River, If. Hill, and many other tropical localities.
This species approaches Pnna.r Mumnfi. F. v. M. l.c.
3. PENTAPANAX, Seem.
(From the parts of flowers being in fives.)
Calyx-teeth 5. Petals 5, imbricated in bud. Stamens 5. Ovary 5 (or 4) celled. Styles 5 or 4, combined to the summit or free for more than half their length. Fruit 5 or 4-celled and angled. Albumen uniform. — Trees or large scandent shrubs. Leaves simply pinnate, with 5 to 9 leaflets, or digitate with 3 to 5 leaflets, glabrous. Leaflets entire, crenate, or serrate. Flowers hermaphro- dite or polygamous, in compound racemes or umbelled ; pedicpls jointed close under the flowers, — FI. of Brit. Ind. ii. 723.
71-50
LX I. ARALTACEjE.
I ’i iitii/in nax.
1. F. Willmottii (after Dr. J. Willmott), b . v. M. Austr. Journ. of Phann., April 1887. A tree about 80ft. high. Branchlets robust, the leaves crowded towards the summits, pinnate, mostly 5 or sometimes 8-foliolate ; petioles slender, about tin. long. Stipules about {-in. long, rather narrow, adnate except summit ; petioles slender, rather elongated to 1-Jin. long. Leaflets in distant pairs, dark-green on both sides, chartaeeous to lin. long, lin. wide, elliptic- lanceolate, acuminate, entire, somewhat crisped, shining, blunt at the base, subtle-veined. Umbels almost cymosely arranged, seldom exceeding lin. in length, the whole inflorescence much surpassed by the nearest leaves. Flowers not seen. Pedicels somewhat longer than the fruiting-calyx ; limb of the latter undulated and bluntly 5-toothed. Styles very short, undivided ; disk depressed. Fruit campanulate, semi-ovate, 5-angled, 5-seeded, not distinctly jointed on the pedicel, about {-in. long, their longitudinal angles blunt; pericarp somewhat succulent ; each endoearp pale-brownish, dimidiate-ovate, about {in. long, narrowed at the inner angle, bluntly rounded at the back, somewhat wrinkled at the sides; testa membranous, not intruding. Albumen equable, but slightly glandular: embryo minute. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Mount Bellenden Ker, at an elevation of about 5000ft., Bayer and Davidson.
So far as the earpologic characteristics are concerned, this plant is clearly referable to the genus Pentapanax, and differs from its ally P. l.esckenaultii in smaller not serrulated leaflets on longer stalklets, in its umbels containing far less flowers, and in the less indented calyx-limb. Perhaps, also, the structure of the flowers and colour of fruit may prove different. F. r. M l.c.
4. MACKINLAYA, F. v. M.
(After J. Mackinlay.)
Calyx with 5 prominent lobes. Petals unguiculate, with long induplicate points, valvate in the bud. Stamens 5. Disk broad, the margin undulate. Ovary 2-eelled. Styles 2, at first erect, afterwaids recurved. Fruit very flat, the endoearp cartilaginous, forming 2 separate pyrenes, the exocarp succulent. — Shrub or tree. Leaves digitately compound. Flowers polygamous, articulate on the pedicels, in a large compound terminal umbel, with general and partial involucres of narrow bracts.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, differing from Panax chiefly in inflorescence and in the petals resembling those of many I'mbelliferte. — Benth.
1. 1YE. macrosciadia (umbels long), 1\ r. M. Fray in. iv. 120; Bentli. FI. Austr. iii. 383. A slender shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves with the common petiole sheathing at the base, but without distinct stipules ; leaflets 3 to 7, usually 5, petiolulate, ovate or oblong, shortly acuminate, entire or with a few short distant teeth, 4 to Bin. long, membranous at least at the time of flowering. Umbels 3 times or even 4 times compound, with numerous rays, the primary ones often 4 to 5in. long, the secondary and tertiary umbels compact. Involucres both general and partial of several linear or linear- lanceolate bracts, much shorter than the rays. Calyx-lobes acute or acuminate. Fruits when perfect about 7 lines broad and 5 lines long, but 1 carpel often deformed and semi-abortive. — Panax macrosciadia, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 108, 17G.
Hab: E. coast, /?. Broun , A. Cunningham : Dunk Island, M-Gillirray ; Fitzroy Island. APGillivray, IV. Hill : Port Molle and Cumberland Islands, Fitzalan : Rockingham Bay. Dallachy.
5. ASTROTRICHA, DC.
(Hairs of plants star-like.)
Calyx-teeth minutely prominent. Petals 5, valvate, usually pubescent outside. Stamens 5. Disk broad and not thick, the margin often prominent. Ovary 2-celleh. Styles 2, distinct, at first erect, afterwards recurved. Fruit flattened
LXI. ARALIACE&.
781
Astrotricha.]
or thick, the endocarp hardened into 2 pyrenes, furrowed on each side of the commissural edge or curved into spurious empty cells, the endocarp quite distinct as in other Avail area, hut not so succulent. Albumen even. — Shrubs more or less clothed with a stellate tomentum. Leaves petiolate, undivided, entire. Umbels pedunculate, in large terminal panicles. Flowers articulate on the pedicel.
The genus is limited to Australia. It is usually placed in Vmbellifene, but the structure of the dowers and fruit, as well as the habit, are much nearer those of Paiut.r, from which the genus differs slightly in the cpiearp rather drier, in the foliage and the stellate tomentum. Benth.
Fruit thick, with narrow wings on each side. Endocarp curved into
spurious cells on each side of the inner angle of the pyrene. Leaves
cordate-lanceolate 1. A. pterocarpa.
Fruit dat. Endocarp grooved only on each side of inner angle of pyrene
Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate '2. A . Jloccosa
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostly 3 to din. long. Calyx-teeth
scarcely conspicuous 3. A . longifolia.
Leaves from oblong-linear to narrow linear, obtuse. 1 to 3in. long.
Calyx-teeth prominent ... . 1. A. Icdifolia.
Leaves broadish -linear, or sometimes very narrow, 2in. long. Calyx-
teeth minute 5. A. Biddulphiana.
1. A. pterocarpa (fruit winged), Heath. FI. Austr. iii. 879. A slender
shrub fir. Hill). Leaves on long petioles, cordate-lanceolate, often peltate, 0 to lOin. long, densely floccose-tomentose on both sides as well as the leafy branches. Panicle very large, with narrow leafy bracts under the principal branches. Umbels dense, many-flowered, on short peduncles. Pedicels rarely longer than the flowers. Disk scarcely prominent. Fruits without the wings ovoid-oblong, thick, about 3 lines long, slightly furrowed ; the endocarp forming 3 collateral cells in each carpel, the 2 lateral ones empty, the central one enclosing the seed ; the epicarp expanded at the commissure into a rather broad wing, often not apparent till the fruit is quite ripe.
Hab.: Fitzroy Island, II’. Hill; Leichhardt district; Cape Hirer, K. Bowman (F. v. M.)
2. A. floccosa (tomentum dense and loose), DC. Mein. thnbell. 80 /. 5; Prod. iv. 74; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 879. A shrub attaining from 10 to 80ft., the young branches inflorescence and under side of the leaves clothed with a dense floccose tomentum. Leaves from ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering into a narrow point, rounded at the base or slightly cordate, the larger ones sometimes almost peltate, 4 to 8in. long, glabrous on the upper side, the floral ones small, linear-lanceolate, or the upper ones reduced to small bracts. Umbels numerous, many-flowered, in a large terminal panicle. Petals woolly-tomentose outside. Disk with a slightly raised margin. Fruit nearly 2 lines broad, flat, not winged, the endocarp of each carpel sometimes grooved or folded towards the commissure, but not curved into spurious cells. — fioht.r jlnrripes, Sieb. PI. Exs.
Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay, Brisbane River, and several othpr southern localities.
Var. brevifolia, F. v. M. Leaves 1 \ t-o 2in. long.
3. A. longifolia (leaves long), Heath, ia Hue;/. I Aim a. .75, and FI. Austr. iii. 380. Nearly allied to the narrow-leaved varieties of A. jloccosa, but the leaves much narrower, the panicle more slender, with fewer flowers to the umbel and the calyx-teeth more prominent. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 8 to Sin. long and rarely above Jin. broad, glabrous above, with a close white or looser and floccose tomentum underneath, or rarely almost glabrous. Fruits rather larger than in A. Jloccosa.
Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. r. Mueller, and others.
Some specimen;; are very difficult to distinguish from the narrow. leaved one?-, of A. tioccosa : others, come near to the longer-leaved ones of A. letlifolia. llenth.
782
LXI. ARALIACEvE.
[Astrotricha .
4. A. lerlifolia (Ledum-leaved), PC. Mem. Omhell. 80 t. 6, and Prod. iv. 74 ; I ie/ith. PI. Aitxtr. iii. 880. A more slender shrub than A. floccasa , with virgate branches covered as well as the inflorescence and under side of the leaves with a close or iloccose tomentum. Leaves oblong-linear or narrow-linear, obtuse or rarely almost acute, 1 to Bin. long, glabrous above, the margins recurved or revolute. Panicle smaller and narrower than in A. iloccosa. Flowers and fruit the same as in that species. — Bolax ledifoliu *, Sieb. PI. Exs.; A. hoveoides, A. Cuun.; Benth. in Hueg. Enum. 55 (with short leaves) ; A. linearis, A. C'unn.; Benth. l.c. (with long narrow leaves) ; A. asperi folia, F. v. M.; Ivlatt in Linmea, xxix. 709 (with long leaves).
Hab.: Southern localities.
Var. glalniflora, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 14S. Shrub 10ft. high. Leaves attaining the length o( bin. l’anicle elongate, glabrous. Hab.: Near Rockhampton, P. O'Shanesy (F. v. M.)
5. A. Biddulphiana (after Mrs. H. Biddulph), F. v. M. Viet. Nat. Pec. 1890. A shrub of about 6ft., branchlets terete, densely covered by a close light- brown stellate tomentum. Leaves somewhat crowded, narrow to broadish-linear, about 2in. long, sometimes scarcely over a line broad, glabrous on the upper, toinentose like the branchlets on the under surface, the midrib alone showing ; margins slightly recurved ; apex obtuse or very slightly apiculate ; petiole very short. Panicle 6 to 9in. long, glabrous. Umbels not very numerous ; peduncles very slender and rather long. Pedicels filiform, J to Jin. long ; involucral bracts very small, almost semi-lanceolate. Flowers purplish-black. Calyx-lobes minute deltoid; breadth of petals quite half their length; anthers greyish. Ripe fruit nearly Jin. long, about ovate-ellipsoid, contracted at the commissure, otherwise turgid, terminated by the denticulated short calyx-limb, the two fruitlets spontaneously seceding, on transverse section almost semi-cylindric, the com- missural side broad and nearly flat, between which and the seed- bearing cavity through intrusion of the endocarp 2 accessory small tubular cells formed either hollow or filled with substance similar to the albumen, but perfectly closed, although placed close to the commissure. Seed concave-convex, the sudden prominence along the inner side as extensive as the width of the seed ; albumen equable. — F. v. M. l.c.
Hab.: Near Mount Playfair. Mrs. H. Biddulph.
6. MOTHERWELLIA, F. v. M.
(After Dr. -J. B. Motherwell.)
Flowers polygamous. Calyx compressed-campanulate, repand quinque-crenate on the edge. Petals 5, ovate-lanceolate, the base truncate, distinctly imbricate before expansion, long cohering in a calyptra. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, upright in the bud; filaments very short. Anthers dorsifixed, 2-celled. introrse, oblong-ovate. Styles united in a subulate-conical one. Fruit 2-eelled, 2-seeded, broad rotund-compressed, not winged ; pericarp somewhat fleshy ; endocarp crustaceous-brown. Albumen not always uniform. Embryo minute, ovate, near the hilurn. — Woody climber, trifoliolate, or reduced to 1 leaflet. Leaflets entire. Umbels solitary. Pedicels articulate xvitb the calyx.
1. IVT , haplosciadea (single- umbelled), F. r. M. Fragm. vii. 107. Plant glabrous. Branches striate. Petioles J to 2Jin. long, with stipular dilatations at the base. Leaflets on slender petiolules of about 8 lines, ovate or lanceolate- ovate, equilateral, chartaceous, entire, sometimes repand, 2 to4in. long, 1J to 2in. broad. Peduncles articulate near the upper end. Pedicels about 20 in the umbel, 3 to 8 lines long, thin-filiform, rigid. Calyx about H line long. Petals seceding, calyptra-like, scarcely 1J line long. Filaments short. Style persistent.
Motherwellia.}
LXI. ARALIACE.E.
788
Fruit about 8 lines long, 4 lines broad, slightly laterally compressed. Pyrenes ovate-sennorbieulate, compressed. Seeds scarcely 1+ line, oblique, broadly ovate, much compressed.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, ■/. Dallachy (F. v. M. l.c.)
7. PANAX, Linn.
(From supposed medicinal virtues of the plants.)
(Nothopanax, Miq.)
Calyx- border usually slightly prominent, truncate or shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate, often cohering at the tips, especially in female flowers. Stamens 5. Disk broad and not thick, the margin sometimes prominent. Ovary 2 or rarely 8-celled. Styles 2, rarely 3, at first erect and sometimes cohering, afterwards distinct and recurved. Fruit flattened, the endocarp hardened into 2 distinct pyrenes not furrowed, sometimes 2-ribbed on the dorsal edge, the exocarp more or less succulent. Albumen even. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately or digitately compound or rarely a few on the same tree or bush undivided. Flowers often polygamous, articulate on the pedicels, in umbels or rarely in heads or racemes, the umbels or racemes paniculate or rarely solitary.
The genus, if limited according to the views of Planchon and Decaisne, is widely distributed over the tropical regions of the Old World and extends to New Zealand, but is not American, and comprises Linnaeus’s P. fruticoxa and others The northern herbaceous species of Linnaeus, with imbricate petals, are united by the same authors with Aralia, a course sanctioned by A. Gray and others. Miquel, however, reserves the name of Panax for these herbaceous species, and proposes the name of Nothopanax for Planchon and Decaisne’s Panax. As the views of the latter authors will probably meet with more general adoption, they are here followed. The 7 Australian species, as far as hitherto known, are all endemic (Benth), six of them being met with in Queensland.
Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers umbellate, umbels paniculate or racemose.
Leaflets glabrous, long, obliquely lanceolate. Calyx-teeth scarcely
prominent 1. P. Murrayi.
Leaflets softly pubescent underneath, large, ovate or oblong, acuminate.
Calyx-teeth scarcely prominent 2. P. mollis.
Leaflets glabrous, large, ovate-lanceolate or oblong. Umbels few-
flowered. numerous. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, truncate 3. P. Macgillivrcei.
Leaflets glabrous, mostly under Bin., ovate-lanceolate or linear, entire
toothed or dissected. Calyx-limb very short, sinuate-toothed . . . 4. P. sambucifolius.
Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers sessile, capitate ; heads paniculate or racemose 5. P. cephalobotrys. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Flowers pedicellate, racemose; racemes paniculate 6. P. eleyans.
1. P. Murrayi (after P. Murray), F. r. M. Fra/jm. ii. 106; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 381. “ Koorgarrie,” Herberton, J. F. Bailey. A splendid tree, the
trunk simple to the height of 50 or 60ft., and then almost trichotomously branched (F. v. Mueller, Dallachy). Leaves simply pinnate, often several feet long ; leaflets obliquely lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, herbaceous but not thin, 8 to 6in. long, or when luxuriant 8 to 10in., quite glabrous. Umbels many- flowered, pedunculate, in racemes or divaricately-branched panicles. Calyx-teeth inconspicuous. Petals and stamens not seen. Fruit about 2 lines broad ; the endocarp not very hard. — Xothopanaa- Murrayi, Seem. FI. Vit. 114.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy : common on the mountain ranges of southern Queensland.
Wood of alight colour, soft and light; would make good lining-boards. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. IVoods No. 232a .
2. P« mollis (indumentum soft), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 382. A tall shrub. Leaves simply (or doubly '?) pinnate ; leaflets ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 6 to lOin. long, glabrous above, softly pubescent or villous under-
734
LXI. ARALIACE&.
r Panax.
neath. Umbels many- (lowered, numerous, in large divaricately-branched panicles, the rbachis minutely tomentose. Calyx-teeth slightly and irregularly prominent. Styles long and slender. Fruit about 2 lines broad, but not seen quite ripe.
Hub.: Rockingham Bay, Dallncliy.
3. P. IVIacgillivraei (after -I. MacGillivray), Benth. I<'l. Anslr. iii. 382. A small tree of about 20ft., quite glabrous. Leaves simply (or doubly ?) pinnate, the rhachis articulate; leaflets shortly petiolulate, oval-oblong, or ovate-lanceo- late, shortly acuminate, often oblique at the base, 0 to lOin. long, thin and membranous in our specimens. Umbels few-flowered , in a large loose compound panicle with slender branches and pedicels. Calyx-limb prominently cup-shaped, truncate or slightly sinuate-toothed. Petals rather long and narrow. Fruits about 3 lines broad, very Hat, the carpels often readily separating, each with a thin exocarp, and a Hat smooth hard endocarp. — linthn/ianii.r Mact/illirrai/i, Seem. FI. Vit. 114.
Hal).: Cape York, M'diUivniy : Albany Island. II . Hill.
1. P. sambucifolius (Elder-leaved), 67*7/. in DC. Prod, iii. 255; Benth. I'/. Anslr. iii. 382. A tall shrub or tree, quite glabrous. Leaves simply or doubly pinnate ; leaHets exceedingly variable, most commonly distant, petiolulate or sessile, ovate elliptical or lanceolate, H to 3in. long, acute, entire, denticulate or lobed. the lowest of the simply pinnate leaf, or the lowest of each pinna often smaller, broader, and close to the base, but sometimes the leaHets divided, or narrow-linear and pinnatifid with divaricate distant lobes, the rhachis sometimes dilated and as broad as the lobes. Umbels many-flowered in a terminal branched corymbose panicle or in a simple raceme. Calyx-limb shortly prominent, dilated, very shortly sinuate-toothed. Petals in the perfect flowers often cohering at the tips, smaller and more spreading in the males. Fruit 2 to 3 lines broad, with a white or lead-coloured succulent exocarp, the endocarps or pyrenes flat with 2 obtuse dorsal ribs. — P. ani/ustifolius and V. (lend routes, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. i. 4 2, and PI. Viet. t. 28; Xothopana.r minbucifolius, Seem. FI. Vit. 115.
Hub.: Mountains of southern Queensland.
The specimens with narrow much-dissected leaves are so very unlike the others or even any Pan i.r that A. Cunningham had distributed them under the name of Tracliymene pinnata. The manner, however, in which the various forms of leaflets are combined, even on the same specimens, show that all belong to one species.- Benth.
5. P. cephalobotrys (flower-heads in bunches), /•'. r. M. Fratpn. ii. 83; Benth. FI. A list r. iii. 382. Shrubby, somewhat climbing, glabrous except the inflores- cence, or the young branches and petioles sprinkled with a few appressed hairs. Leaves on long slender petioles, with 3 petiolulate leaflets, oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4in. long. Flowers sessile, in small pedunculate heads, forming a simple raceme or a slender slightly-branched panicle scarcely exceeding the leaves. Petals and stamens not seen. Young fruit broadly ovate, compressed, crowned by the short cup-shaped, obtusely 5-lobed calyx-limb. Disk with the margin slightly prominent. Styles rather long.
Hub.: Southern localities.
This and the following species differ from the rest of the genus in inflorescence, but the flowers and fruits appear to be otherwise entirely those of Panax. — Bentli.
6. P. elegans (handsome), F. r. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vic. ii. 68 ; Benth. VI. Anstr. iii. 383. Mowbulan Whitewood. “ Greyanger,” Bunya Mountains, V. M. Ii. A large and handsome tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves large, simply or doubly pinnate, the rhachis articulate. Leaflets petiolate, opposite, ovate, acuminate, entire, coriaceous, shining, often 3 to 4in. long. Flowers singly pedicellate in little racemes, which are very numerous and arranged in a large terminal divaricately-branched panicle, the rhachis minutely
Panax.]
LXT. ARALIACEyE.
735
hoary-pubescent. Calyx-border shortly prominent, entire. Petals and styles of the genus. Disk not prominent. Fruits about 3 lines broad, the endocarp or pyrenes hard. -Xothupana.e eler/ans, Seem. FI. Yit. 114.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay ; Rockhampton and Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy : Brisbane River, Moveton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. r. Mueller, C. Moore.
Wood soft, light and elastic; might suit for cricket bats; excellent, for lining-boards; will probably prove a most useful wood for the musical-instrument maker. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. W oods No. 233.
8. HEPTAPLEURUM, Gajrtn.
(Referring to the seven petiolules.)
(Paratropia, Blame.)
Calyx-teeth minute or inconspicuous. Petals 5 or G, or rarely more, valvate. Stamens as many as petals. Disk flat or convex. Ovary with 5 or 6, rarely more cells. Styles united in a short cone, with as many sessile scarcely promi- nent stigmas as cells. Fruit nearly globular, the endocarp not very hard, forming 5 or G, rarely more, 1 -seeded pyrenes. — Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves digitately compound. Flowers mostly unisexual, not articulate on the pedicel, umbellate, the umbels arranged in terminal panicles or racemes.
A considerable genus dispersed over tropical and eastern temperate Asia, the only Australian species being one which has the widest range in East India.
1. H. venulosum (veiny), Seem. Journ. But. iii. 80 ; 1 tenth. FI. Austr. iii. 384. A tall shrub or tree, quite glabrous. Leaflets 5 to 7, on long petiolules, mostly elliptical or oval-oblong, acuminate, 4 to Sin. long, but in some Indian specimens short and obtuse, coriaceous, somewhat shining, the pinnate veins and reticulate veinlets very prominent. Stipules adnate to the petiole at the base only, united within it into a single obtuse lamina. Umbels in a divaricately branched panicle shorter than the leaves. Male flowers with exserted stamens and scarcely any rudiment of the ovary. Females often with more or less perfect stamens. Parts of the flowers 5 or G. Fruit about 2 lines diameter. — Paratropia random, W. and Arn. Prod. 377 ; Wight, Illustr. t. 118 ; F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 121 ; Araiitt Moored, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 10-1.
Hab.: Wide Bay, C. Moore.
The species is widely dispersed over E. India.
9. BRASSAIA, Endl.
Calyx-tube broad, adnate to the ovary, without any prominent border. Petals 7 to 18, usually about 12, valvate, usually cohering at the apex. Stamens as many as petals. Disk not thick, broad, with as many radiating furrows as cells, and confluent with the slightly raised styles or base of the radiating stigmas. Ovary with as many cells as parts of the flower and stigmas. Fruit with as many 1-seeded laterally compressed pyrenes as cells of the ovary. — -Trees. Leaves digitately compound. Flowers sessile in little dense heads, shortly pedunculate in long racemes, each flower embedded in a cup-shape involucre of 4 small imbricate bracts.
The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia.
1. B. actinophylla (rayed leaflets), F.tuU, Nor. Stirp. Per. 89; Benth. FI. Amtr. iii. 385. A handsome tree, attaining 40ft., quite glabrous. Leaflets 7 to 1G, petiolulate, oblong or obovate-oblong, very shortly acuminate, coriaceous, entire, Gin. to 1ft. long. Stipules united in a single interpetiolar stipule, adnate to the peLiole at the base. Flower-heads scarcely above Ain. diameter, on peduncles, sometimes very short, rarely 4 to lin. long, rather numerous along the
736
LXI. ARALIACEiE.
[Brassaia.
stout rhachis of the racemes, which attain sometimes several feet, and are often several together at the end of the branch, each one subtended by long acuminate leafless stipules. — F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 108, iv. 121 ; Seem. -Journ. Bot. ii. 213.
Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; Cape York, IV. Hill ; Palm Island, Home ; Port Molle, Fitzalan; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Boyd River, C. Moore.
Wood soft, close-grained, and dark. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 235.
10. HEDERA, Linn.
(Old Latin name for the Ivy.)
(Irvingia, F. v. .1/.; Kissodendron, Seem.)
Calyx-border slightly prominent, entire or sinuate-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Disk convex, sometimes very prominent, Ovary 5-celled. Styles united into an obtuse cone or very short cylindrical style, with 5 scarcely prominent stigmas. Fruit nearly globular, with 5 1-seeded pyrenes. Seed with a furrowed or ruminated albumen. — Woody climbers or trees. Leaves entire, lobed or pinnately compound. Flowers umbellate, not articulate on the pedicel, the umbels pedunculate on terminal panicles.
The gcuus, characterised essentially by the ruminated albumen, contains besides the Australian species, which is endemic, one widely dispersed over the northern hemisphere in the Old World, and probably some other Asiatic ones as yet insufficiently investigated. — Benth.
1. H. australiana (Australian), F. r. M. Fragm. iv. 120; Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 384. A small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves large, pinnate, the rhachis articulate ; leaflets few, ovate, oval-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, often above Gin. long, smooth and shining, but prominently veined almost as in Heptapleurum venulosum. Umbels pedunculate, with the peduncles almost verti- cillate along the elongated branches of a large loose terminal panicle. Calyx- border slightly sinuate-toothed. Disk broadly conical, though not quite so thick as in H. helix. Style very shortly cylindrical or reduced to a small boss on the centre of the disk. Drupe above 2 lines diameter, with 5 hard pyrenes, enclosing a seed with a deeply ruminate surface. — Irvingia australiana , F. v. M. Fragm. v. 19 ; Kissodendron australianum, Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. 201.
Hab.: Herbert River, I. v. Mueller ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.
The semisuperior appearance of the ovary of Hedera helix is due to the thickness of the epigynous disk, and the only character remaining to separate H. australiana generically from it is the compound foliage, which can scarcely be admitted in an Order where it is so peculiarly variable. — Benth.
Order LXIL CORNACE®.
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary ; limb forming a raised border, entire or with as many teeth as petals. Petals 4, 5, or rarely more, valvate in the bud, inserted round an epigynous disk or on the calyx-border, rarely wanting. Stamens as many or rarely twice as many as the petals, and inserted with them ; anthers with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior, 1 or 2-celled, with 1 anatropous pendulous ovule in each cell ; style simple, with a terminal entire or rarely lobed stigma. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, with a 1 or 2-celled nucleus. Seeds solitary, pendulous, with a fleshy albumen and thin testa; embryo straight, nearly as long as thg. albumen, the radicle superior and shorter than the flat cotyledons. — Trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, entire or slightly lobed, without stipules. Flowers usually small, in axillary or terminal heads, cymes, or corymbose panicles.
A small Order, generally scattered over the globe, but most abundant in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. It is represented in Australia by a single genus common to tropical Asia and Africa, and belonging to the small section of Alangiea, differing in alternate leaves and in some other respects from the majority of the Order.— Benth.
LXII. CORNACE.E.
737
1. MARLEA, Roxb.
(An Indian name of one of the genus.)
(Rhytidandra, A. Gray : l'seudalangium, F. v. M.)
Calyx-limb minutely toothed. Petals narrow-linear. Stamens the same number as petals, the filaments adhering to the petals at the base and connecting them in an apparently tubular corolla ; anthers adnate, long and linear. Ovary 1 or 2-celled ; style filiform, with a 2 or 1-lobed or capitate stigma. Drupe often reduced to 1 cell and seed. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in axillary cymes.
Besides the Australian species, which is also in the islands of the South Pacific, there are several others in tropical Asia and Africa. — Bentli.
1. IVI. vitiensis (of Viti), Benth. FI. Austr. iii. 38b. A tree, attaining a considerable height, glabrous or the young branches pubescent or villous. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, shortly acuminate, more or less oblique and unequal at the base or rarely equal, 3 to 5in. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent underneath in the normal form. Flowers in short axillary cymes on slender peduncles, rarely much exceeding the petioles. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, about § line diameter. Petals 4 to 6, varying in length from 4 to 6 lines, connected by the stamens up to from J to A their length, revolute at the ends. Filaments villous ; anthers about the length of the corolla, the valves involute, dividing each cell into 2 before they open and marked with transverse constrictions, which give them the appearance of being chambered. Disk cup-shaped, enclosing the base of the style. Style divided at the end into 2 linear stigmatic lobes. Ovary 1 -celled with 1 ovule. Drupe ovoid, about iin. long. — Rhytidandra vitiensis, A. Gray, Bot. Amer. Expl. Exped. i. 303 t. 28, and in Proc. Amer. Acad. vi. 55 ; Pseudolangium pohjosmoides, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 84 ; Rhi/tiiUnuIra polyosuioides, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 176.
Hab.: Rockingham Bay and Herberton district (both forms), J. F. Bailey.
The apparently chambered anthers are not really so, and traces of the constrictions may often be seen in M. begonifolia, the latter differs also in the large thick disk, the *2-celled ovary, and shortly 4-lobed style; but M. barbata has the thick disk with a 1-celled ovary and 2-lobed style, and an unpublished Malayan species has a small disk, with a 1-celled ovary, and almost entire style, all these distinctions proving thus to be specific, not generic. — Benth.
Var. tomentosa. Musk-wood. “ Cartalogoor,” Herberton, J. F. Bailey. Softly villous all over, or the upper side of the leaves alone glabrous. Flowers villous, the petals more deeply free than usual.— Fitzroy River. l'hozet : Rockhampton, DaUaclnj ; Moreton Bay. W. Hill. The wood of the variety is of a yellow colour towards the bark, but a large portion of the centre-wood is brownish-black ; close in grain, and when freshly cut has a somewhat Musk-like fragrance ; an excellent wood for cabinet-work. Bailey's Cat. QI. Woods No. 237.
'
;
■
.
.
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES
The synonyms and species incidentally mentioned are printed in italics.
Page
Abrophyllum . . . . 533
ornans, Hook. f. . . 533 Abrus . . . . . . 420
paucijiorus, Desv. . . 420 preeatorius, Linn. . . 420 squamulosus, E. Mey. .. 420 Acacia . . . . . . 473
dbieiina, Willd. . . 491 adenophora, Spreng. . . 515 adunca, A. Cunn. .. 491 amblygona, A. Cunn. .. 493 amoena, Wendt. . . 489 anceps, Hook. . . . . 499
aneura, V . v. M. . . 505 angnlata, Desv. . . 515 angustifolia, Lodd. .. 504 angustifolia, Wendl. ... 490 arcuata, Sieb. ... . . 498
armata, R. Br. .. . . 485
Arundelliana, Bail. .. 515 aulaeocarpa, A. Cunn. 511
auriculiformis, A. Cunn. 512 basaltica, F. v. M. ... 518 Bakeri, Maid. . . . . 500
Baueri, Benth. .. .. 484
Rid willi, [tenth . .. 510
binervata, DC. .. .. 500
botrycephala, Desf. . . 514 brevifolia, Benth. . . 503 brevifolia, Lodd. . . 492 bruniades, A. Cunn. .. 484 buxifolia, A. Cunn. .. 491 Bynoeana, Benth. . . 483 calamifolia, Sweet . . 483 Caleyi, A. Cunn. .. 492 calyeulata, A. Cunn. .. 511 Chisholmi, Bail. . . 502 chrysobotrys, Meissn. . . 514 cibaria, F. v. M. . . 505 cineinnata, F. v. M. . . 513 cinerascens, Sieb. . . 509 complanata, A. Cunn. .. 499 conferta, A. Cunn. .. 484 eonspersa, F. v. AI. . . 507 coriacea, DC. . . . . 490
crassicarpa, A. Cunn. .. 511 crassiuscula, Wendl. ... 491 cultriformis, A. Cunn. 493
Cunninghamii, Hook. 509
eyperophylla, F. v. M. 505
Daintreana, F. v. M. ... 499 dasyphylla, A. Cunn. .. 485
Page
dealbata, Link . . ..515
dealbata, A. Cunn. ... 492 decora, Reiclib. . . ... 491
decurrens, Willd. . . 514
delibrata, A. Cunn. .. 507 dictyophleba, F. v. M. 497
Dietrichiana, F. v. M. 490"
dimidiata, Benth. .. 513 discolor, Willd. . . 514
doratoxylon, A. Cunn. 507 drepanocarpa, F. v. 31. 500
echinula, DC. .. ... 482
elata, Roxb. . . . . 519
elongata, Sieb. . . . . 494
exeelsa, Benth. .. .. 499
falcata, Willd. . . . . 487
falcinella, Tausch. . . 492 farnesiana, Willd. . . 510 fasciculifera, F. v. M . . 487 fiavescens, A. Cunn. .. 501 Fraseri, Hook. ... .. 492
furcifera, Lindl. . . 485 furfuracea, (Jr. Don ... 492 galioides, Benth. ... 484
georginoe, Bail. . . . . 495
glauceseens, Willd. . . 509 glutinosa, F. v. M. . . 497
Gnidium, Benth. .. 480
gonocarpa, F. v. M. . . 500 gonoelada, F. v. M. . . 503 hakeoides, A. Cunn. .. 489 harpophylla, F. v. M. . . 499 hebecepliala, A Cunn. 494 hispidula, Willd. . . 485 holcocarpa, Benth. ... 510 holoserieea, A. Cunn. .. 512 homaloclada, F. r. 31. . . 500 homalophylla, A. Cunn. 495 homomalla , Wendl. . . 509 humifusa, A. Cunn. .. 512 imbricata, F. v. M. . . 485 implexa, Benth. .. 498 impressa, F. v. 31 . . . 494
impressa, Lindl. . . 488 irrorata, Sieb. .. .. 515
ixiophylla, Bentli. .. 497
julifera, Benth. . . 508 juncifolia, Bentli. .. 483
juniperina, Willd. .. 482
Kempeana, F. v. 31. . . 507
lanigera, A. Cunn. .. 481 latifolia, Benth. .. 512
Page
Leichhardtii. Benth. .. 491 lenticellata, F. v. M. . . 5115 leptoearpa, A. Cunn. .. 510 leptoclada, A. Cunn. .. 515 leptophylla, F. v. M. . . 482 leptostachya, Benth. . . 508 leucadendron. A. Cunn. 509 leucophylla, Lindl. .. 496 ligiilata, A. Cunn. . . 489 linarioides, Benth. . . 502 linearis, Sims . . . . 504
lineata, A. Cunn. .. 485
linifolia, Willd. . . 490 longilolia, Willd. . . 504 longissima, Wendl. .. 505 lunata, Sieb. . . . . 492
lycopodifolia, A. Cunn. 483 lysiphloea, F. v. 31. . . 502
macradenia, Benth. .. 487 Maideni, F. b. 31. . . 509
Mangium, Willd. .. 513
niaritima, Benth . . 514 melaleucoides, Bail. . . 517 melanoxylon, R. Br. . . 498 mollissima, Willd. .. 515 multinerina, DC. . . 481 Miu rayana, F. v. M. . . 490 myrtifolia, Willd. . . 493 neriifolia, A. Cunn. .. 488 Nernstii, F. v. M. . . 494 neuroearpa, A. Cunn. .. 512 ole ee folia. A. Cunn. .. 492 oraria, F. v. 31. . . 501
nrthocarpa, F. v. M. . . 506 Oswaldi, F. v. 31. . . 496
pendula, A. Cunn. .. 490 penninervis, Sieb. . . 488 Pence, F. v. M. . . . . 481
phleboearpa, F. r. 31. . . 481 piliyera, A. Cunn. .. 486 pinifolia, Benth. . . 483 pityoides, F. v. 31. . . 505
plagiophylla , Spreng. . . 487 plagiophylla, F. v. 31... 480 platycarpa, F. v. M. . . 501 plectocarpa, A. Cunn. .. 501 podalyriffil’olia, A. Cunn. 49*2 polybotrya, Benth. . . 514 polystachya, A. Cunn... 510 prai'ifnlia, F. v. M. .. 493 procera, Willd. .. .. 519
pugioniformis, Wendl. . . 483
11
TNDFX OF GENERA A NO SPFCIFS.
|
pnlrernlenta . A. Cunn. |
Page 483 |
|
pungens , Spreng. |
482 |
|
quadr Hater alls, DC. |
483 |
|
ltothii, Bail. |
500 |
|
riincifonuix, A. Cunn. .. |
485 |
|
s&licina, Lindl. . . |
488 |
|
xeapuliformi *, A. Cunn. |
493 |
|
sentis. F. r. M. |
487 |
|
sericata, A. Cvnn. |
501 |
|
xetigera, A. Cunn. |
48(5 |
|
Sicberiana, Seheele |
514 |
|
Sieberiana, Tausch. |
401 |
|
Simsii, .1. Cunn. |
405 |
|
Solandri, Benth. |
508 |
|
Sophoret, li. Hr. |
504 |
|
spectabilis, A. Cunn. .. |
514 |
|
stenophj’lla, A. Cunn ... |
107 |
|
stipuligera, /■'. v. M . . |
503 |
|
"■“fcuaveolens, U'illd. |
400 |
|
sublaiiata, Benth. |
403 |
|
xulcipes, Sieb. . . |
515 |
|
Sutherlandi, F. r. M. ... |
517 |
|
tetragooophylla, F.v. M. |
482 |
|
Thozetiana, F. v. M. . . |
518 |
|
torulosa, Benth. |
507 |
|
translucens, A. Cunn. .. |
404 |
|
triptera, Benth. |
481 |
|
umbellata, A. Cunn. .. |
503 |
|
umbrosa, A. Cunn. |
500 |
|
uncifera, Benth. |
402 |
|
uncinata , Lodd. |
486 |
|
undulifolia. A. Cunn. .. |
48(5 |
|
venulosa, Benth. |
498 |
|
veriicillata, Sieb. |
482 |
|
Victories, Benth. |
487 |
|
viscidula, A. Cunn. |
497 |
|
Wiekhami, Benth. |
502 |
|
xylocarpa, A. Cunn. |
500 |
|
Acsena |
528 |
|
Beliriana, Schlecht. |
529 |
|
echi nnta, Nees . . |
529 |
|
montevidensix, Hook. f. |
529 |
|
ovina, A. Cunn. |
529 |
|
sanguisorbee. Vahl. |
529 |
|
xarmentosa , Carmich. . . |
520 |
|
Ackama |
540 |
|
Muelleri, Benth. |
540 |
|
Acmenu |
|
|
floribundtt , DC. . . |
057 |
|
Kingii, G. Don |
057 |
|
Actinotus |
720 |
|
Gibbonsii, F. v. M. |
721 |
|
Helianthi, Labi II. |
721 |
|
minor, Benth. . . |
721 |
|
Adambea |
|
|
glabra, Rheede . . |
078 |
|
Adenanthera, Linn. |
471 |
|
abrosperma, F. v. M. . . |
471 |
|
pavonina, Linn. |
471 |
|
jEsehynomene |
100 |
|
americana, Linn. |
407 |
|
cachemiriana, Camb. .. |
407 |
|
coluteoides, A. Rich. |
400 |
|
faleata, DC. |
407 |
|
indica , Linn. .. |
407 |
|
mierantha, DC. . . |
107 |
|
Aizelia |
468 |
|
australis, Bail. |
468 |
|
Page |
|
|
Ai/ati |
|
|
coccinea, Desv. . . |
898 |
|
formoea, F. v. M. |
398 |
|
grandijlora, Desv. |
398 |
|
Agonis |
580 |
|
lysicephala, F. e. M. anil |
|
|
Bail |
580 |
|
Scortechiniana, F. v. .1/ . |
587 |
|
Aizoon |
700 |
|
quadrifidum, F. v. .V. . . |
707 |
|
zygophylloides, F. v. .1/ |
707 |
|
Albizzia |
517 |
|
basal lica .Benth. |
518 |
|
eanesccns, Benth. |
519 |
|
Lebbcck, Benth. |
517 |
|
procera , Benth. .. |
518 |
|
Sutherlandi, F. v. M. . . |
517 |
|
Thozetiana. /•’. v. M. . . |
518 |
|
Toona , Bail. |
517 |
|
Tozeri, F. v. M. |
521 |
|
Vidro vanda |
55 1 |
|
vesiculosa, Finn. |
551 |
|
Alsomitra . . |
701 |
|
eapricornica, /•’. v. .1/. . . |
702 |
|
Hookeri, F. v. .1/. |
702 |
|
Stephensiana, Cogn. .. |
702 |
|
suberosa, Bail. . . |
702 |
|
Alysiearpus |
418 |
|
cijlindricun, Desv. |
418 |
|
nummulaneefolim, DC. |
418 |
|
rugosus, DC. |
418 |
|
vaginalis, DC. |
418 |
|
Ammannia |
672 |
|
auriculata, IV i lid. |
074 |
|
auetralasica, F. v. M. . . |
074 |
|
diandra, F. v. M. |
073 |
|
illecebroidex, Arn. |
073 |
|
indica, Lain. |
074 |
|
multittora, II orb. |
074 |
|
pentandra, Bo.rb. |
073 |
|
Rotala, F. v. M. |
073 |
|
trittora, It. Br. . . |
674 |
|
vexicatoria , Roxb. |
674 |
|
Arnini |
725 |
|
majus, Linn. |
725 |
|
Amphodux |
|
|
obatux, Lindl. .. |
425 |
|
Ainygdalux |
|
|
perxica, Linn. . . |
525 |
|
Ancistroxtigina |
|
|
cypxeleoielex, Fenzl |
710 |
|
Angophora.. |
604 |
|
intermedia, DC. |
605 |
|
lanceolata, Cav. |
005 |
|
subvelutina, F. v. M. . . |
605 |
|
velutina, F. v. M. |
605 |
|
Woodxiana , Bail. |
605 |
|
Anopterus |
535 |
|
Macleayanus. F. v. M. |
536 |
|
Aotus |
351 |
|
cordifoliu, Benth. |
358 |
|
ericoidex, G. Don |
352 |
|
ericoides, Paxt. . . |
361 |
|
ferruginea, Labill. |
352 |
|
lanigera, A. Cunn. |
352 |
|
mollis, Benth. |
352 |
|
villosa, Sm. |
351 |
|
virgata, DC. |
352 |
|
Aphanopetalum .. |
Page . 5.38 |
|
resinosum, Emil. |
. 538 |
|
Apium |
. 724 |
|
australe, Than... |
. 724 |
|
leptophyllum, F. v. ,1/. |
724 |
|
proxtrat uni. Labill. |
. 724 |
|
Arachis |
. 408 |
|
hypogtea, Linn. |
. 408 |
|
Alalia |
. 729 |
|
Macdoxvalli, F. r. M. . |
. 729 |
|
Moorei, F. v. M. |
. 735 |
|
Archidendron |
. 522 |
|
Lucyi, /•'. r. .1/.... |
. 522 |
|
Vaillantii, F. v. M. |
. 522 |
|
Argophyllum |
. 532 |
|
Lejourdanii, F. v. M. . |
. 532 |
|
nitidum, Font.... |
. 533 |
|
Axteromyrtm |
|
|
Geertneri, Schau. |
. 599 |
|
Astrotricha |
. 730 |
|
axperifolia, F. v. M. |
. 732 |
|
Biddulphiana, F. v. M. |
732 |
|
Hoccosa. DC. |
. 731 |
|
hoveoides, A. Cunn. ’ . |
. 732 |
|
ledifolia, DC. ... |
. 732 |
|
linearix, A. Cunn. |
. 732 |
|
longifolia, Benth. |
. 731 |
|
pterocarpa. Benth. |
. 731 |
|
Atylosia |
. 437 |
|
grand i folia, F. v. M. . |
. 439 |
|
marmorata Benth. |
. 438 |
|
plurifiora, F. v. M. |
. 439 |
|
reticulata, Benth. |
. 438 |
|
searalwoides, Benth. . |
. 438 |
|
A zorella |
|
|
lineanfolia, Cav. |
. 719 |
|
Baickea |
|
|
crenulata, DC. . . |
. 584 |
|
densifolia, Sin. . . |
. 585 |
|
diosmifolia, Budge |
. 584 |
|
fasciculate!, Sieb. |
. 580 |
|
leptoealyx, F. v. M. |
. 583 |
|
linifolia, Budge. . |
. 584 |
|
microphylla, Sieb. |
. 582 |
|
.\ovo-anglica, F. v. M. |
580 |
|
phylicoidex, A. Cunn. .. |
. 593 |
|
stenophylla, F. v. ,1/. . |
. 585 |
|
trichophyllei . Sieb. |
. 584 |
|
umbellata , F. v. M. |
. 585 |
|
virgata, Andr. .. |
. 585 |
|
Hackhousia |
. 042 |
|
angustifolia, F. v. M. . |
. 643 |
|
Baneroftii, Bail, and F |
|
|
r. iV |
. 644 |
|
citrifolia, F. v. M. |
. 644 |
|
myrtifolia, H. and II. . . |
. 643 |
|
riparia. Hook. . . |
. 643 |
|
sciadophora, F. v. .V. ., |
. 643 |
|
Badamia |
|
|
eonimerxonii , Gartn. |
566 |
|
Barklya |
449 |
|
syringifolia, F. v. M. . . |
449 |
|
I'.arringtonia |
, 665 |
|
acutangula, Gn. |
666 |
|
racemosa, Gaud. |
666 |
|
speciosa, Linn. . , |
066 |
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
111
|
Bauera |
Page . 543 |
|
Billardieri. D. Don |
. 543 |
|
capitata, Ser. . . |
. 543 |
|
humilis, Sweet . . |
. 543 |
|
rubicetolia, Salisb. |
. 513 |
|
rubioides. Andr. |
. 543 |
|
Bauhinia |
. 466 |
|
acuminata, Linn. |
. 466 |
|
Carronii, F. v. M. |
. 467 |
|
Cunninghamii, Benth. |
. 466 |
|
Hookeri, F. v. M. |
. 467 |
|
monandra, Kurz |
. 467 |
|
Persichii , F. v. M. |
. 468 |
|
Benincasa |
. 694 |
|
vacua, F. v. M. . . |
. (394 |
|
Bolax |
|
|
tloccipes, Sieb. |
. 731 |
|
ledifolia, Sieb. . . |
. 732 |
|
Bossisea |
. 363 |
|
Armitii, F. v. M. |
. 366 |
|
Brownii, Benth. |
. 365 |
|
buxifolia, A. Cunn. |
. 365 |
|
carinalis, Benth. |
. 364 |
|
decumbens, F. v. M. |
. 365 |
|
egena, F. v. M. . . |
. 368 |
|
ensata, Sieb. |
. 366 |
|
heterophylla, Vent. |
. 366 |
|
Innceolata, Bot. Mag. |
. 366 |
|
lenticularis, Lodd. |
. 365 |
|
linnceoides, G. Don |
. 364 |
|
nummularia, Endl. |
. 364 |
|
ovata, G. Don . . |
. 366 |
|
ovata, Sm. |
. 364 |
|
phylloclada, F. v. M. |
. 366 |
|
prostrata, R. Br. |
. 364 |
|
rhombifolia, Sieb. |
. 365 |
|
rufa, R. Br. |
. 366 |
|
rupicola, A. Cunn. |
.. 364 |
|
Scortechini, F. r. HI. |
. 365 |
|
stenopliylla, F. v. M. |
. 367 |
|
B racliy nenui |
|
|
ornans, F. v. M. |
. 533 |
|
Brachysema |
. 334 |
|
aphyllum, Hook. |
. 335 |
|
oxylobioides, Benth. |
. 335 |
|
Brassaia .. |
. 735 |
|
actinophylla, Endl. |
. 735 |
|
Bruguiera ... |
. 335 |
|
australis, A. Cunn. |
. 560 |
|
caryophylloides, Blum |
561 |
|
gymnorhiza, Lam. |
. 561 |
|
parviflora, IF. it- Arn. |
. 562 |
|
Rheedii, Blutne . . |
. 561 |
|
Rumphii, Blume |
. 561 |
|
Bryonia |
. 698 |
|
laciniosa, Linn. |
.. 698 |
|
Bryophyllum |
. 545 |
|
ealycinum, Salisb. |
. 545 |
|
Bupleurum |
. 723 |
|
rotundifolium, Linn. |
. 723 |
|
Burgesia |
|
|
homalocladu , F v. M. |
. 335 |
|
Burtonia . . |
. 342 |
|
foliolosa, Benth. |
. 343 |
|
subulata, Benth. |
. 343 |
|
Bvblis |
. 551 |
|
ceerulea, Planch. |
. 552 |
Page
filifolia. Planch. ... 552 lmiflora, Salisb. . . 551
Caesalpinia .. ... 449
arborea , Zoll. . . . . 453
Bonducella. Ro.vb. . . 450 ferruginea, D. Dene. . . 453 nuga, Ait,. ... .. 450
pa nieulata , Desf. ... 450
sepiaria, Ro.rb. ... .. 450
Callieoma . . . . . . 53(5
serratifolia, Andr. .. 53(5 Stutzen, F. v. .1/. . . 53(5
Callistachys
elliptica , Vent. . . . . 33(5
Callistemon . . . . 593
braebyandrus, Lindl. ... 595 coccineus, F. v. M. . . 595 glaucus, F. v. M. . . 594 lanceolatus, DC. ... 594 marginatus, DC. . . 594 pallidus, DC. . . . . 595
pithyoid.es, Miq. . . 595 rugulosus, Miq. . . 595
salignus, DC 595
sedber, Lodd. . . . . 594
speciosus, DC. . . . . 594
Callitriehe . . . . 558
verna , Linn. .. ... 558
Calpurnia
Lasiogyna, F. v. M. . . 447 Calythrix .. ... .. 577
Baueri, Schau. . . 579 Behriana, Schlecht . . 579 Billardieri, Schau. . . 579 Brownii, Schau. . . 579 brunioides, A. Cunn. ... 579 cupressifolia, A. Rich... 578 cupressoides, A. Rich. ... 578 ericoides, A. Cunn. .. 579 exstipulata, DC. . . 578 glabra, R. Br. . . . . 579
laricina, R. Br. ... 580
leptophylla, Benth. ... 579 leucantlia, Miq. . . 579
longifiora, F. v. HI. ... 578 inicrophylla, A. Cmni... 576 monticola, Miq. . . 579
Mueller i, Miq. . . ... 579
pubescens, Sweet ... 579
rosea, Miq. ... .. 579
scabra, DC. ... .. 579
Schlechtendahlii, Miq... 579 squarrosa, Miq. . . 579
tetragona, Labill. . . 579
virgata, A. Cunn. . . 579
Canavalia . . . . . . 431
ensiformis, DC. . . 431 gladiata, DC. .. .. 432
incurva, DC. ... .. 432
obtusifolia. DC. .. 431 polystachya, Schw. ... 432 C( i n tharospermum pauciflorum, W. A Am. 438 Carallia ... .. .. 5C2
integerrima, DC. . . 562
zeylanica, Arn... ,. 562
Page
Careya .. .. ... 667
arborca, Roxb. .. .. 667
australis, F. r. M. . . 667 Cariea . . . . . . 690
papaya, Linn. ... .. 690
Casearia . . 684
Dallachyi, F. v. M. . . 685 esculenta, Roxb. . . 684 Cassia . . . . . . 453
Absus, Linn. . . . . 463
acclinis, F. v. M. . . 459 alata, Linn. . . . . 457
artemisioides, Gaud. . . 461 australis, Sims . . . . 459
Barclayana, Sweet . . 457 Barrenfieldii , Colla . . 459 Brewsteri, F. v. M. . . 455 vanaliculatu, R. Br. .. 461 Chatelainiana, Gaud. .. 460 circinata, Benth. . . 460 concinna, Benth. . . 463 coronilloides, A. Cunn. . . 459 desolata, F. v. M. ... 462 eremophila, A. Cunn. .. 461 Fieldii, Colla . . . . 459
glauea, Lam. ... .. 459
heteroloba, Lindl. . . 461 laevigata, Willd. . . 457 leptoelada, Benth. . . 462 magnifolia, F. v. M. . . 458 mimosoides, Linn. .. 464 notabilis, F. v. M. . . 458 occidentalis, Benth. . . 456 oligoclada, F. v. M. . . 462 oligophylla, F. v. M. . . 462 phyllodinea, R. Br. . . 460 platypoda, R. Br. . . 461 pleurocarpa, F. v. M. . . 458 pruinosa, F. v. M. . . 460 pumila, Lain. . . . . 463
pumila, F. v. M. .. 464 retusa, Roland. . . . . 459
Schultesii, Colla . . 459 Sophera, Linn. . . 457 Sturtii, R. Br. . . . . 461
snffruticosa. Keen. .. 459 tcretifolia, Lindl. . . 461 teretiuscula, F. v. M. . . 461 umbellata, Reichb. . . 459 venusta, F. v. HI. . . 458 gygophylla, Benth. .. 461 Oastanospermum . . . . 448
australe, A. Cunn. .. 448 Catnppa
domestica, Rumph. .. 566 sylrestris, Rumph. ... 566 Catharthocarpus Brewsten, F. v. M. . . 455 Oathnrmion
monihferum, Hassk. . . 520 Ceratophyllum . . . . 53y
Virchowii, F. v. HI. .. 539 Cercodia
erecta, Murr. .. .. 554
Cereus 703
triangularis, Hair. . . 703
Ceriops 530
Candolleana, Arn. .. 560
IV
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIFS.
Page
Chamcclaucium
Thomasii , F. v. M. .. 5715 Cheilococca
i ipooynij'olht , Salisb. . . 363
Chorizema.. .. .. 338
Baucri, Benth. . . .. 339
Baxteri , Grab. . . . . 337
cllipticuin, F. v. M. .. 336 Leiehlwrdtii , F. v. M... 341 parvittoruni, Benth. .. 338
Pultenete, F. v. M. . . 338
sea miens. Sm. . . . . 337
trilohnm, Sm. .. .. 337
Citrullus . . . . . . 696
vulgaris, Sch. . . . . 697
Clianthus 399
Dampieri, .1. Ciinii. .. 399 Oxley i, A. Cunn. .. 399 Clidanthera
ptoraleoidet, It. Br. . . 106 Cl i to via . . . . . . 420
australis, Benth. .. 421
ternatea, Linn... .. 421
Coin ten
yalegifolia, Sims .. 401 Coriandrum . . . . 726
sativum, Linn. . . .. 726
Crantzia . . . . . . 726
australica, F. v. M. . . 726 lineata, Nutt. . . . . 726
Crotalaria . . . . . . 371
ajjinis, DC. . . . . 376
alata, Hum. .. .. 372
< i nthylloides , I). Don . . 374 calycina, Schranel ; ... 373
erassipes, Hook. . . 375
crispata, /•'. r. .1/. .. 372
Cunninghamii, B. Br... 375 dissiti flora, Benth. .. 376 feneslrata, Hot. Mag. .. 373 herbacea, Schweigg . . 376 humifusa, (Iruh. .. 373 incana, Linn. . . . . 376
juncea, Linn. . . . . 373
laburnifolia, I.inn. . . 377 linifolia, Linn. f. .. 373 melunociirpn. Wall. .. 373 Mitchelli, Benth. .. 374 Mitchelli, F. v. M. . . 375 Xovoe-Hollandiaj. DC... 374 oblonyi folia , Hook. .. 375 quinquefolia, I.inn. . . 377 retusa, Linn. . . . . 374
Schimperi. A. Rich. . . 376 stenophylla, Vog. . . 373
striata, DC. ... .. 376
trit'oliastrum, II 'Hid. .. 375 verrucosa, Linn. .. 372 Cueumis . . . . . . 696
jucundnn, F. v. M. .. 696 Melo. Linn. . . . . 690 ,
Muelleri, Naud. .. 701 ; Paneherianus, Nand. .. 696 picroearpus, F. v. M. .. 696 j pubescent, Hook. . . 696 trigonus, Ro.rb.... .. 696
Cueurbita .. .. .. 697
micrantha, F. v. M. .. 701
|
Page |
|
|
Pepo, DC. |
697 |
|
Cuttsia |
538 |
|
viburnca, F. r. M. |
534 |
|
Cyiiometra . . ‘ . . |
169 |
|
bijurja, Span. |
469 |
|
ramiflora, Linn. |
469 |
|
Dalbergia .. |
1 43 |
|
densa, Benth. . . |
443 |
|
scandent, Roxb. |
445 |
|
Danvinia . . |
575 |
|
fascicularis, Rudy. |
575 |
|
Thomasii, Benth. |
576 |
|
Daucus |
727 |
|
brachiatus, Sieb. |
727 1 |
|
pusillut, Mich. ... |
727 |
|
Davidsonia |
537 |
|
Jerseyana, F. v. M. |
538 |
|
pruriens, F. v. M. |
538 |
|
Daviesia ... |
347 |
|
acicularis, Sm. . . |
350 |
|
arborea, llill |
349 |
|
concinna, B. Br. |
348 |
|
corymbosa, Sm. |
349 |
|
denudata. Vent. |
347 |
|
egena, F. v. M. . . |
368 |
|
ericoidet, Pers. . . |
352 |
|
filipes, Benth. . . |
350 |
|
genistifolia, .1. Cunn. |
35 1 |
|
genistoides, Lodd. |
350 |
|
glauca, Lodd. . . |
349 |
|
humifusa, Sieb. |
337 |
|
juncea, Pers. |
347 |
|
leptophylla, A. Cunn. . . |
349 |
|
linearis, Lodd. . . |
349 |
|
macrophylla, Endl. |
349 |
|
mimotoides, P,ot. Mag. . . |
349 |
|
squarrosa, Sm. . . |
350 |
|
nUeifolia , A ndr. |
350 |
|
ulicina, Sm. |
350 |
|
nmbellata, Sieb. |
337 |
|
umbellulata Sm. |
349 |
|
Wyattiana, Bail. |
348 |
|
Decaspermum |
654 |
|
paniculata, Kurz |
654 |
|
Delarbrea |
728 |
|
Michieana, F. r. M. |
729 |
|
Dendrolobium- |
|
|
umbellatum. W. and Arn. |
411 |
|
Denis |
441 |
|
koolgibbcrah, Bail. |
4 45 |
|
scandens, Benth. |
445 |
|
nliginosa, Benth. |
445 |
|
Desmodinm |
410 |
|
acanthocladum, /■'. r M. |
412 |
|
an strale, DC. |
111 |
|
biarticulatuni, F. v. M. |
412 |
|
braehypodum, .1. Cray |
41.3 |
|
campy locanlon. F. r. M. |
414 |
|
dependens. Blame |
413 |
|
gangeticum, I)C. |
412 |
|
Muelleri, Benth. |
41 -5 |
|
nemorosum, F. r M. . . |
41 1 |
|
Noro-HoUandieum, F. v |
|
|
M |
423 |
|
parvifolium, DC. |
1 1.5 |
|
polyearpum, DC. |
414 |
|
pulchellum. Benth. |
411 |
Page
1
renilornie, DC. . . .. 415
rhytulophyllum, B. i. M. 113 trichocaulon, DC. . . 415 trichostachyum, Benth. 414 triquetrum, I)C. . . 412 umbellatum, I)C. .. 411
varians, Endl. . . ..413
Dicenna
biarticulatuni, DC. .. 412 pulchellum, DC. .. Ill Didiscus
albijlorus, DC. .. ..718
anisocarpns, F. v. M. ... 717 glanditlostis, F’. v. M. . . 718 glaucifolius, F. v. M. . . 717 j /randis , F. v. M. .. 717 pilosus, Benth. .. .. 717
procumbent, F. v. M. .. 718 Dillwynia .. .. .. 360
cineratcent, DC. . . 362
clavatn, Paxt. ... . . 362
cuneuta, Sieb. .. .. 360
elegant, Endl. . . . . 362
ericifolia, Sm. .. .. 361
erieifolia, Sims . . 362
ericoidet, Sieb. . . . . 361
Jili folia, Endl. . . . 361
fioribunda, Sm. .. 361
hitpidula, Sieb. .. 362 juniperina, Sieb. . . 362 microphylla . Sieb. . . 361 parvifolia, 11. Br. .. 301 pednncularit, Benth. . . 361 phi/licoidet, A. Cunn. . . 361 pinifoliu, Sieb. .. .. 361
rumntitsima , Benth. .. 361 teriphioidet, Endl. .. 361 tpeeiom, Paxt. .. .. 361
tereti/olia, Sieb. . . 362
tenerioidet, Sieb. . . 359
Dinietopia
anitoearpa, Turcz .. 717 eyanopetnla , F. v. M. .. 717 grand is, Turcz . . .. 717
Ditem ma
brachystephann . F. v. M. 689 c occinea, DC. . . . . 689
Herbertiana, DC. .. 689
Dolichos . . . . . . 435
axillaris, E. Mey. . . 436
hifiorus, Linn. .. ... 436
erenntifructns, Stend. .. 436 yladiatus, Jaeq. . . 432
Lablab, I.inn. . . ... 436
lutenlus, . Tacq. .. .. 435
latent, Swartz . . , . 435
obcordatus, A. Cunn. . . 424 purpureas, Linn. . . 436 reticula tut, Ait. .. 439
rhynehotioides. Miq. N 437 uuifl.orus, Lam. . . 436
Donia
formosa, Don . . . . 399
speeiosa, Don . . . . 399
Drosera .. .. .. 546
Adelse, F. v. M. . . 548 auriculata, Da cl- It. . . 550 Banksii, B. Br. . . 550
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
v
|
Page |
|
|
binata, Labill. . . |
. 549 |
|
Bmmanni. Vahl. |
. 548 |
|
dichotoma, Sm. |
. 550 |
|
foliosa. Hook. f. |
. 550 |
|
fulva , Planch. . . |
. 549 |
|
gracilis, Hook. f. |
. 550 |
|
indica, Linn. |
. 547 |
|
Loureiri. Hook. |
. 540 |
|
Lovellas, Bail. . . |
. 548 |
|
lunata. Ham. .. |
. 550 |
|
pedata, Pers. |
. 550 |
|
peltata, Sm. |
. 550 |
|
petiolaris, R. Br. |
. 549 |
|
petiolaris, Sieb. |
. 550 |
|
pygmaea, DC. |
. 548 |
|
serpens, Planch. |
. 547 |
|
spathulata, Labill. |
. 549 |
|
Dunbaria |
437 |
|
conspersa, Benth. |
437 |
|
Ecballium |
697 |
|
F.laterium, A. Rich |
697 |
|
Entada |
470 |
|
Pnrseetha, DC. . . |
470 |
|
scandens, Benth. |
470 |
|
Epilobium . . |
681 |
|
Billardierianum. Benth. |
682 |
|
canescens, Endl. |
682 |
|
junceum, Forst. |
681 |
|
Friocalia |
|
|
major, Sm. |
721 |
|
minor, Sm. |
721 |
|
Eriosema |
441 |
|
chinense, Vog. .. |
441 |
|
Eriostemon |
|
|
trinerve, Hook. |
591 |
|
Ervum |
|
|
hirsutum, Linn. |
420 |
|
Eryngium . . |
722 |
|
angustifolmm, DC. |
722 |
|
expansum, F. v. .17. |
723 |
|
ovinum, A. Cunn. |
722 |
|
pinnatifidum, Bunge . . |
722 |
|
plantagineum, F. v. .17. |
723 |
|
rostratum, Cav. |
722 |
|
tetracephalum. Bunge . . |
722 |
|
vesiculosum, Labill. . . |
723 |
|
Erythrina ... |
426 |
|
indica, Lam. |
427 |
|
insularis, Bail. |
427 |
|
phlebocaipa. Bail. |
427 |
|
vespertilio, Benth. |
427 |
|
Erythrophlceum |
469 ; |
|
Laboueherii, F. v. .17. . . |
470 |
|
Escallonia |
|
|
ciliata, E. and M. |
582 |
|
crenulata, E. and M. . . |
584 |
|
Eucalyptus |
606 |
|
acervula, Hook. f. |
628 |
|
acervula, Sieb. . . |
613 |
|
acmenioides, Sclian. .. |
614 |
|
alba, Reinw. |
627 |
|
Albergiana, F. v. M. . . |
632 |
|
aurantiaca, F. v. M. |
624 |
|
Baileyana, F. v. .17. |
612 |
|
Baueriana, Miq. |
628 |
|
bicolor, A. Cunn. |
618 |
|
botryoides, Sm.... |
624 |
|
Bowmani, F v. .1/. |
Page 619 |
|
capitellata, Sm. |
613 |
|
citriodora. Hook. |
634 |
|
clavigera, .4 . Cunn. |
630 |
|
Cleeziana. F. r. -V. |
620 |
|
eorymbosa, Sin. |
632 |
|
crebra, F. v. .1/. |
622 |
|
dealbata. A. Cunn. |
625 |
|
diehromophloia, F.V.M. |
633 |
|
drepanophvlla. F. v. M. |
621 |
|
eugenioides, Sieb. |
613 |
|
exserta, F. v. M. |
626 |
|
faleifolia. Miq. .. 616 |
628 |
|
fibrosa, F. v M. |
621 |
|
fruticetoruin, F. v. M. . . |
615 |
|
gracilis, F. v. M. |
615 |
|
grandifolia, R. Br. |
629 |
|
Gunnii, F. v. M. |
628 |
|
hfemastonia. Sin, |
616 |
|
heeniastoma, Miq. |
619 |
|
hemilampra, I'. V. M. . . |
629 |
|
hemiphloia, /•'. v. M. ... |
619 |
|
Hookeri. F. v. M. |
630 |
|
Howittiana, F. r. .1/. .. |
620 |
|
incrassata. Labill. |
614 |
|
largiflorens, F. v. M. . . |
619 |
|
latifolia, F. r. M. |
632 |
|
leptophleba, F. r. M. |
622 |
|
leucoxylon, F. r. J/. |
614 |
|
lungirostris. F. v. M. . . |
626 |
|
maculata, Hook. |
634 |
|
melanophloia, F. v. .1/. |
621 |
|
melissiodora, F. v. M. .. |
632 |
|
melliodora, A. Cunn. .. |
615 |
|
micrantha, DC. |
616 |
|
microcorys, F. v. M. . . |
616 |
|
micyotheca, F. v. .1/. . . |
623 |
|
miniata, A. Cunn. |
623 |
|
moluccana, Eoxb. |
627 |
|
ochrophloia. F. v. M. . . |
618 |
|
pachyphylla. F. v. M. . . |
625 |
|
pallidifolia. F. v. M. . . |
625 |
|
paniculata. Sin. |
616 |
|
patentiflora, Miq. |
615 |
|
pellita, F. r. .1/. |
629 |
|
peltata, Benth. |
6.32 |
|
pendula, A. Cunn. |
619 |
|
persicifolia, DC. 621, |
614 |
|
persicifolia , Miq. |
628 |
|
phoenieea. F. v. M. |
631 |
|
pilularis, Sin. ... |
614 |
|
piperita, Sm. |
613 |
|
Planchoniana, F. v. M. |
612 |
|
platyphylla, F. v. M. ... |
627 |
|
platypodos, Cav. |
624 |
|
polyanthemos, Schau. .. |
617 |
|
polysciadia, F. v. M. .. |
630 |
|
populifolia, Hook. |
618 |
|
pruinosa, Schau, |
617 |
|
Eaveretiana, F. v. M. . . |
623 |
|
resinifera, Sm. . . |
628 |
|
robusta, Sm. |
624 |
|
rostrata, Sclilecht. |
625 |
|
saligna, Sm. |
628 |
|
semicorticata , F. v. M. |
614 |
|
setosa, Schau. .. |
631 |
|
siderophloia, Benth. . . |
620 |
|
sideroxulon, A. Cunn. ,,, |
615 |
Page
signata, F. v. M. . . 616 spectabilis , F. v. M. . . 620 epodophylla, F. v. M. .. 617 Staigeriana, F. r. M. . . 622 Stuartiana, F. r. M. . . 628 subulata, A. Cunn. . . 620 tereticornis, Sm. . . 626 terniinalis, F. r. .1/. . . 636
terminally, Sieb. . . 616 tesselaris, F. r. M. ... 630 tetrodonta, F. v. M. . . 634 Torelliana, F. v. M. .. 631 traehyphloia, F. v. M. 633 trianthos, F. v. M. . . 614 variegata, F. r. M. . . 634 viminalis, Hook. . . 630 Watsoniana, F. v. .17. . . 634
Euchilus
cuspidatus, F. v. M. . . 358
Eugenia ... .. .. 655
angophoroides, F. v. M. 664 apodophylla, F. r. M. . . 664 a tint ral is. Wendl. . . 663 Bungadinnia, Bail. . . 662 carissoides, F. r. M. . . 656 conn i flora, F. r. .V. . . 650
coryantha, F, r. M. . . 650 cryptoplilebia. F. r. .1/. 655
cymosa, Boxb. .. .. 661
Dallachiana, F. v. M. . . 665 elliptic.a, Sm. . . . . 657
euealyptoides, F. v. .1/. 662
fibrosa. Bail. .. ... 662
firma. Wall. .. .. 661
Fitzgeraldi, F. v. M. and Bail. . . . . . . 660
forth, F. v. M. . . . . 661
grandis, Wight . . . . 660
gustavioides, Bail. . . 658 hedraiophylla, F. r. .1/. 665
hemilampra F. v. .17. . . 657 Hislopii, Bail. .. .. 660
Hodgkinsoniw, F. r. .V. 660 hgpospodia, F. v. M. .. 657 .Tambolana, Lam. . . 659 Johnsoni, F. v. M. . . 661 kuranda, Bail. . . .. 658
leptantha, Wight . . 658
Luehmanni, F. r. .1/. .. 664 macoorai, Bail. . . 663
Moorei, F. v. M. .. 650 myrtifolia, Sims .. 663 odoratissima, Bail. . . 660 oleosa, F. v. ,17. . . 664
paniculata, B. and S. . . 663 punctnlata. Bail. . . 663 rariflora, Bentti. . . 657 Smithii, Foir . . . . 657
sordida, Bail. . . . . 663
suborbicularis, Bentli. . . 661 Tierneyana, F. v. .17. . . 660 uniflora, Linn. . . .. 657
Ventenatii, Bentli. . . 658 Wilsonii, F. v. .17. . . 661
Fabricia
myrtifolia. lies rtn. , . 588
Part II. EE
VI
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
|
Fenzlia |
Page 1 653 | |
|
obtusa, Endl. . . |
653 I |
|
retusa, Endl. . . |
654 1 |
|
Fischera |
|
|
linearis, Sm. |
719 |
|
Flemingia |
442 |
|
capitata, Zoll. . . |
443 |
|
involucrata, Benth. |
443 |
|
lineata, Roxb. . . |
442 |
|
parviflora, Benth. |
442 |
|
pauciflora, Benth. |
442 |
|
Fragaria |
|
|
indioa, Andr. .. |
528 |
|
Qalactia |
429 |
|
Muelleri, Benth. |
. 430 |
|
tenuiflora, Willd. |
430 |
|
varians, Bail. . . |
. 430 |
|
Galega |
. 390 |
|
officinalis, Linn. |
. 390 |
|
Gastrolobium |
. 353 |
|
grandiflorum, F. v. 31 |
353 |
|
Huegelii, Henfr. |
. 358 |
|
Gets sons |
|
|
Benthami, F. v. M. |
541 |
|
rubi folia, F. v. M. |
. 542 |
|
Gillbeea |
. 538 |
|
adenopetala, F. v. 31. . |
. 539 |
|
Glinus |
|
|
lotoides, Linn. . . |
. 711 |
|
Mollugo, Fenzl . . |
. 712 |
|
orygioides, F v. M. |
. 712 |
|
Glycine |
. 421 |
|
bimaculata, Curt. |
. 424 |
|
clandestina, T Vendl. |
. 422 |
|
coccinea, Curt. . . |
. 426 |
|
falcata, Benth. . . |
. 422 |
|
minima, Willd. . . |
. 422 |
|
retusa, Sol. |
. 424 |
|
rubicunda. Curt. |
. 425 |
|
sericea, Benth. . . |
. 423 |
|
tabacina, Benth. |
. 422 |
|
tomentosa, Benth. |
. 423 |
|
Glycyrrhiza |
. 405 |
|
psoralioides, Benth. . |
. 406 |
|
Gompholobium . . |
. 341 |
|
barbigerum, DC. |
. 342 |
|
eUipticum, Labill. |
. 336 |
|
Jimbriatum, Sm. |
. 342 |
|
foliolosum, Benth. |
. 343 |
|
latifolium, Sm. . . |
. 341 |
|
nitidum, Soland. |
. 342 |
|
pinnatum, Sm. . . |
. 342 |
|
psoraleeefolium, Salisb. |
342 |
|
stenophyllum, F. v. M. |
343 |
|
subulatum, Benth. |
. 343 |
|
virgatum, Sieb. |
. 342 |
|
Goniocarpus |
|
|
micranthus, Thunb. |
. 555 |
|
microcarpus, Thieb. |
. 555 |
|
serpyllifolius, Hook. f. |
557 |
|
tenellus, DC. |
.. 556 |
|
tetragynus, Nees |
. 556 |
|
teucrioides, DC. |
. 556 |
|
vernicosus, Hook. f. |
. 557 |
|
Goodia |
. 370 |
|
lotifolia, Salisb. |
. 370 |
|
medicaginea, F. v. M. . |
. 371 |
|
Guilandina |
Page j 450 j |
|
Bondncellu. Linn. |
450 |
|
Gunnea |
707 |
|
septifraga, F. v. 31. |
707 |
|
Gyrocarpus |
570 |
|
ucuminatus, Meissn. |
. 571 |
|
americanus, Jacq. |
. 571 |
|
asiaticus, Willd. |
571 |
|
Jacquini, Roxb. |
. 571 |
|
mgosus, 11. Br. ... |
. 571 |
|
sphenopterus, R. Br. |
. 571 |
|
Haloragis . . |
. 552 |
|
acanthocarpa, Brongn. |
555 |
|
alata. Jacq. |
. 554 |
|
aspera, Lindl. . . |
. 554 |
|
Bauerlenii, F. v. 31. . |
. 554 |
|
ceratophylla, Endl. |
. 554 |
|
depressa, K 'alp. |
. 556 |
|
elata. A . Cunn. |
. 554 |
|
data, Hook. f. . . |
. 556 |
|
gonocarpus, Spreng. |
. 556 |
|
Gossei, F. v. 31. |
. 553 |
|
Gunnii, Hook. f. |
. 556 |
|
heterophylla, Brongn. |
555 i |
|
leptotheca, F. v. M. |
. 556 |
|
micrantha, R. Br. |
. 555 |
|
pinnatijida, Hook. f. . |
. 554 |
|
stricta, R. Br. . . |
. 555 |
|
tenella, Brongn. |
. 555 ! |
|
tetragyna, Hook. f. |
. 556 i |
|
teucrioides, A. Gray .. |
. 556 j |
|
Hardenbergia |
. 423 |
|
cordata, Benth. |
. 424 |
|
monophylla. Benth. . |
. 424 |
|
ovata, Benth. ... |
. 424 |
|
retusa, Benth. . . |
. 424 |
|
Hedera |
. 736 |
|
australiana, F. v. 31. . |
. 736 |
|
Hedysarum |
|
|
reniforme, Linn. |
. 415 |
|
rugosum, Willd. |
. 418 |
|
tuber culosum, Labill. . |
. 415 |
|
varians, Labill. |
. 413 |
|
Helosciadium |
|
|
amtrale, Bunge |
. 724 |
|
leptophyllum, DC. |
. 724 |
|
prostratum, Bunge |
. 724 |
|
Heptapleurum |
. 735 |
|
venulosum, Seem. |
. 735 |
|
Iiomalium |
. 685 |
|
alnifolium, F. v. M. |
. 686 |
|
brachybotrys, F. v. 31. |
686 |
|
circumpinnatum, Bail. |
686 |
|
vitiense, Benth. |
. 685 |
|
Homalocalyx |
. 580 |
|
ericEeus, F. v. 31. |
. 580 |
|
polyandrus, F. v. 31. . |
. 580 |
|
Homoranthus |
. 576 |
|
flavescens, A. Cunn. |
. 576 |
|
virgatus, A. Cunn. |
. 576 |
|
Hovea |
. 368 |
|
acutifolia, A. Cunn. |
. 369 |
|
apiculata, A. Cunn. . |
. 369 |
|
Beckeri, F. v. M. |
. 369 |
|
heterophylla, A. Cunn. |
368 |
|
lanceolata, 'Sims |
. 369 |
|
lanigera, Lodd. , |
. 370 |
|
leiocarpa, Benth. |
Page . 370 |
|
linearis, R. Br. |
. 368 |
|
longifolia, R. Br. |
. 369 |
|
longipes. Benth. |
. 370 |
|
■mucronata, A. Cunn. . |
. 369 |
|
pannosa, A. Cunn. |
. 370 |
|
purpurea, Lodd. |
. 369 |
|
nwemulosa, Benth. |
. 369 |
|
ramulosa, A. Cunn.. |
. 370 |
|
villosa, Lindl. .. |
. 370 |
|
Hydrocotyle |
. 715 |
|
asiatica, Linn. ... |
. 716 |
|
Bonplandi, A. Rich |
. 715 |
|
cordi folia, Hook. |
. 716 |
|
densi flora, DC. . . |
. 716 |
|
elegans, A. Rich |
. 715 |
|
Gaudichaudiana, DC. . |
.. 715 |
|
hirta, R. Br. ... |
. 715 |
|
interrupt a, Mueh. |
. 715 |
|
intertexta, R. Br. |
. 715 |
|
laxifiora, 1)C. . . |
. 715 |
|
il Iannii, Hook. . . |
. 715 |
|
marchantioides. Clos. . |
. 715 |
|
mosclutta, Forst. |
. 715 |
|
pedicellosa, F. r. 31. . |
. 716 |
|
pulchella, R. Br. |
. 715 |
|
repanda, Pers. .. |
. 716 |
|
rot undi folia, Roxb. |
. 715 |
|
sibthorpioides, Lam. |
. 715 |
|
tasmanica, Hook. |
. 715 |
|
tripartita, R. Br. |
. 716 |
|
vagans, Hook. . . |
. 715 |
|
v erticillata, Thunb. |
. 715 |
|
vulgaris, I Ann. |
, . 715 |
|
Imbricaria |
|
|
ciliata, Sm. |
. 582 |
|
crenulata, Sm . . |
. 584 |
|
Indigofera . . |
. 384 |
|
acanthocarpa. Lindl. . |
. . 406 |
|
angulata, Lindl. |
, . 389 |
|
argentea, Linn. |
. . 387 |
|
australis, Willd. |
. . 389 |
|
Baileyi, F. v. 31. |
. . 388 |
|
brevidens, Benth. |
.. 389 |
|
decora , Lindl. .. |
. . 389 |
|
dejiexa, Hochst. |
. . 387 |
|
enneaphylla, Linn. |
. . 385 |
|
ervoides, Meissn. |
. . 389 |
|
glandulosa, Willd. |
. . 386 |
|
haplophylla, F. r. 31. , |
. . 386 |
|
hirsuta , Linn. .. |
. . 387 |
|
lasiantha, F. v. M. |
. . 389 |
|
linifolia, Retz. . . |
. . 385 |
|
oxycarpa, F. v. M. |
. . 387 |
|
parviflora, Hcyne |
... 387 |
|
pratensis, F. v. 31. |
. . 388 |
|
saxicolia, F. v. 31. |
. . 388 |
|
sylvatica, Sieb. |
. . 389 |
|
tinctoria, Linn. |
. . 388 |
|
trifoliata, Linn. |
. . 386 |
|
trita, Linn. f. ... |
. . 386 |
|
viscosa , Lam. .. |
. . 387 |
|
Inga |
|
|
monilifera, DC. |
. . o 20 |
|
Irvingia |
|
|
australiana, F. v. M. |
.. 736 |
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
|
Isotropis ... |
Page .. 340 |
|
filicaulis, Benth. |
. 340 |
|
parviflora, Benth. |
. 341 |
|
Jackson ia .. |
. 343 |
|
dilatata, Benth. |
. 344 |
|
macrocarpa, Benth. odontoclada, F. v. M. . |
. 346 |
|
. 344 |
|
|
purpurascens, F. v. M. |
346 |
|
ramosissima, Benth. . |
. 344 |
|
rhadinoclona, F. v. M. |
345 |
|
scoparia, R. Br. |
. 345 |
|
Stackhousii, F. v. M. . |
. 346 |
|
thesioides, A. Cunn. . |
. 345 |
|
vernicosa, F. v. M. |
. 345 |
|
viminalis, A. Cunn. |
. 340 |
|
Jambosa |
|
|
australis, W. and L. . |
663 |
|
eucalyptoides, F. v. M. |
663 |
|
firma, Bl. |
661 |
|
grandis, Bl. |
661 |
|
Thozetiana, F. v. M. . |
663 |
|
Jussisea |
682 |
|
angustifolia, Lam. |
683 |
|
repens, Linn. ... |
682 |
|
diffusa, Forst. ... |
682 |
|
suffruticosa, Linn. |
683 |
|
Swartziana , DC. |
682 |
|
villosa, Lam. |
683 |
|
Kaleniczenkia |
|
|
daviesioidcs, Turcz |
334 |
|
Kamptzia |
|
|
albens, Nees |
639 |
|
Kennedya ... |
425 i |
|
cordata, Lindl. |
424 |
|
exaltata, Bail. .. |
426 |
|
longiracemosa, Lodd. .. |
424 ' |
|
monophyllu, Vent. |
424 i |
|
ovata, Sims |
424 1 |
|
phascolifolia, Hoffm. .. |
425 i |
|
procurrens, Benth. |
425 1 |
|
prostrata, R. Br. |
426 |
|
rubicunda, Vent. |
425 |
|
tabacina, Labill. |
423 |
|
Kissodendron |
|
|
australianum, Seem. . . |
736 j |
|
Kunzea . . |
592 |
|
brachyandra , F. v. M. |
592 |
|
calida, F. v. M. |
592 i |
|
leptospermoides, F. v. M. |
593 |
|
peduncularis, F. v. M. |
593 |
|
Labichea . . |
464 j |
|
Buettneriana, F. v. M. |
465 ! |
|
digitata, Benth. |
465 j |
|
nitida, Benth. . . |
465 |
|
rupestris, Benth. |
465 ; |
|
Lablab |
|
|
uncinatus, R. Br. |
436 |
|
vulgaris, Savi . . |
436 |
|
Lachnopodium |
|
|
bracteatum, Blume |
669 |
|
Lagenaria . . |
693 |
|
vulgaris, Ser. |
693 |
|
Lagerstrcemia |
677 |
|
Archeriana, Bail. |
678 |
|
elegans, Wall. .. |
678 |
Flos-Reginse, Retz. indica, Linn. . . Lamprolobium fruticosum, Be nth. Leptocyamus
clandestinus, Benth. latifolius, Benth. sericens , F. v. M. Leptolobinm
clandestinum, Benth. elongatum, Benth. microphyllum , Benth. tabacinum , Benth. tomentosum, Benth. Leptosema
oxylobioides, F. v. M. Leptospermum abnorme, F. v. M. aciculare, Schau. amboinense, DC. arachnoides, Gaartn. arachnoideum, Sni. attenuatum, Sm. australe, Salisb. baccatum, Schau. baccatum, Sm. . . brevipes , F. v. M. divaricatum, Schau. emarginatum , Wendl. Fabricia, Benth. flavescens, Sm. floribundum, Salisb. gnidicefolium, DC. gniditefolium, Hort. grandiflorum, Lodd. juniperi folium, Cav. juniperinum, Sm. lanigerum, Sm... Luehmanni, Bail, micromyrtus , Miq. multicaule, A. Cunn. multiflorum, Cav. myrtifolium, Sieb. nobile, F. v. M. . . oxycedrus, Schau. pendulum, Sieb. persiciflorum, Beichb. polygalifolium, Salisb. porophyllam, Cav. recurvifolium , Salisb. scoparium, Forst. sericatum, Lindl. stellatum, Cav. . . styphelioides, Schau. Then, Willd. . . triloculare, Vent. trinerve, Sm. tuberculatum, Poir. umbellatum, Goartn. virgatum, Schau. wooroonooran, Bail. .
Lespedeza... cuneata, Don juricea, DC.
Liparia
badocana, Blanco
Lonchocarpus Blackii, Benth. . .
Page .. 678 .. 678 .. 390 .. 390
. . 422 . . 423 .. 423
... 422 .. 423 . . 422 .. 423 .. 423
.. 335 .. 587 .. 591 . . 590 . . 589 . . 590 . . 590 . . 591 .. 590 .. 590 . 590 , . 591 .. 590 , . 589 . 588 . 589 ,. 590 . 591 . 591 . 589 . 590 . 590 . 590 . 592 . 589 . 591 . 590 . 591 . 589 . 590 . 591 . 590 . 589 j . 589 I . 590 . 589 . 591 . 591 ! . 590 . 589 i . 590 1 . 590 . 589 . 626 . 589 . 588
381 | 444 j 444 I
Lophostemon arborescens, Schott Lotus
albidus, Lodd. .. australis, Andr. . . lavigatus, Benth. Ludwigia .. diffusa, Ham. parviflora, Roxb. perennis, Linn... prostrata, Roxb.
Luffa
acutangula, Roxb. segyptiaca, Mill cylindrica, Rcem. leiocarpa, F. v. M. pentandra, Roxb. Lumnitzera
coccinea, IF. and Am.. . montana, F. v. M. racemosa, Willd. Lupinus .... Lysicarpus..
ternil'olius, F. v. M. Lythrum . . hyssopifolium, DC. salicaria, Linn. thymifolium, Linn.
Macarthuria neocambrica, F. v. M... Maclellandia
Griffithiana, Wight Mackinlaya
macrosciadia, F. v. M. Macklottia amboinensis, Korth. Macropteranthes Fitzalani, F. v. M. Leichhardtii, F. v. M. . . montana, F. v. M. Mangium
montanum, Rumph. Marlea
vitiensis, Benth. Medieago
denticulata, Willd, sativa, Linn,
Medinilla ..
Balls-Headleyi, F. v. M. Meladinia densiflora, Turcz. Melaleuca acacioides, F. v. M. angustifolia, Geertn. armillaris, Sm. bractcata, F. v. M. coronata, Andr. . . curvifolia, Schlecht. .. diosmifolia, Dum. Cours. discolor, Reich. Drummondii, Schau. . . ericifolia, Andr. ericit'olia, Sm. . . entbescens, Otto . . foliolosa, A. Cunn. genistifolia, Sm. gnidiccfolia, Vent.
vii
Page
. 636 , 380 . 380 . 380 380 683 683 683
683
684
693
694 694 694 694 694 569
569
570 569
377
639
640
675
676
675
676
710
710
677 730 730
589
569
570 570 570
378 737 737
378
378
670
670
381
596
599
599
602
601
598
602
603
598
603
602
603
603
604 601 598
INDEX OP GENERA AND SPECIE^.
viii
Gunniana, Schau. hakeoides, F. v. M. hamata, Field A' Gardn. hcliophila , F. v. M. hypericilolia, Sm. jiiniperina, Sieb. juniperoide* , DC. lanceolata, Otto lasiandra, F. v. M. laurina, Sm. leucadendron, Linn. . . linariifolia, Sm. minor, Sm.
minutifolia, F. v. M. . . nodosa, Sm. tiodosn, Sieb.
Page
G03
603
608
603
598 603 603 601 | 601 637 600
599
600 GOl 603 603
paludosa, 11. Bv. ... 594
Preissiana, Schau. .. 602
pubescent, Schau. . . 602
sa/igna, Bl. .. .. 600
semite res, Schau. . . 603
stvphelioides, Sm. sttaveoleits, Gfertn. sytnphocarpa, F. v. M . . tumariscina. Hook.
1'hea, Wendl .. thymifolia, .S’jh.. . trinervia. White uncinata, R. Br. viridi flora, Gsertn. Melastoma
denticulatum, Labill. .. nialabathricum, Linn-.. Novec-Hollandia, Naud. polyanthum, Blume • rubro-limbatnm, Link & Otto . .
Melilotus . . alba. Lam. parviflora, Desf. Melothria . . celebica. Cogn. . . Cunninghaiuii, F. v. M. maderaspatana, Cogn. . . Muelleri, Benth. Memecylon
ra mid or it m, Lam. tinctorium, Keen, umbellatum, Burin. Mesembryanthemum ;equilaterale. Hair. australe, Sol. . . clavellatum, Haw. demissum, Willd. ytaucescem. Haw. nigrescent, Haw. fine cox. F. v. M.
Rossi i. Haw. Metrosideros nlbida, Sieb. apocynifolia, Salisb. armillaris, Gfertn. cahjcina, Cav. .. clirysantha, F. v. M. . . citrina, Curt. coriacen, Salisb. costata, Gsertn. . . decora, Salisb. ..
602
(536
598
604
589 598
590 602 600
669
670 670 670 670
669
378
379 379 | 790 700
700 : 699 I
701 I 671 I 671 671 ; 671 705
705 70(5
706 706 705 705 705 705
640 600 605 602 598
641 494 600 605 601
floribunda, Sm. . . floribunda, Vent. gltiucu, Bonpl. .. glonndifera. Sin. gracilis, Salisb. . . gummifera, Gfertn. hype ricifoli a, Salisb. hyssopifolia, Cav. jiiniperina, Beichb. lanceolata, Pers. lanceolata, Sm. lophantha, Vent. marginata, Cav. nodosa, Gfertn... pallida, Bonpl. . . procera, Salisb... propinqua, Salisb. pungent, Beichb. rugiilosa. Sieb. . . salicifnlia. Gfertn. snligna, Sm. semper 'Horens, 1 ,odd. spec iota, Sims . . tetrapetala. F. r. M.
Mezoneurum
brachycarpum, Benth. Scortechinii, F. v. M.
Micromyrtus leptocalyx, Benth. microphylla, Benth.
Millettia Blackii. F. v. M. Maideniana, Bail. megasperma. F. v. M . pilipes, Bail.
Mimosa
angustifolia, Jacq. binervis, Wendl. botrycephala, Vent. decnrrens, Wendl. discolor. Audr. . . granditiora, Soland. jiiniperina, Vent. linearis. Wendl. longifolia, Andr. myrtifolia, Sm. . . obliqua, Lam. . . paniculata, Wendl. procera, Roxb. ... pudica, Linn. . . scandens, Linn. . . Sophorie, Labill. nlicifolia, Salisb. ulicina, Wendl. . .
Mirbelia
angustifolia, Grab, aotoides, F. v. M. Baxteri, Lindl. . . oxyclada, F. v. M. pungens, A. Citnn. reticulata. Sin. .. ntbiafolia, G. Don speciosa, Sieb. . .
Modecea australis, R. Br. populifolia, Bail.
Mollugo
Cerviana, Ser. . .
Page
605 658 594 639 598 629 598 600 603 | 605 I 594 594 594 603 596 639 639 603 594 622
o.i- »
594 I
640
451
451
451
582
582
582 |
396
444
396
396
397 !
473
509
514
515 514 521 482 491 504 493 490 514 519 473 470 504 482 482
338
339 ,
339 1 337
340 3.39 339
339
340 689
689
690
711
712
Page
glinoides, A. Rich. . . 712 Glinus, A. Rich. .. 711 Linkii, Ser. . . . . 712
Nova- Hollandia,F . v . M. 712 orygioides, F. r. M. .. 711 parviflora , DC. . . . . 712
pentaphylla, Linn. .. 712 Spergula, Linn. .. 712 strieta, Linn. .. ..712
triphylla, Lour. ... 712 nmbellata, Ser. .. .. 712
verticillata, Roxb. . . 712 Momordica . . . . 695
balsamina , Linn. .. 695
Charantia, Linn. . . 695
Monoxora
rubesce ns, Benth. .. 652
Motherwellia .. .. 732
haplosciadea, F. v. M. . . 732 Mucuna . . . . . . 429
gigantea. DC. . . . . 429
Mukia . . . . . . 699
eelebica, R. Cogn. . . 700 micrantha, F. v. M. . . 701 scabrella, Am. .. .. 699
Myriophyllum . . . . 557
gracile, Benth. .. . . 558
latifolium, F. v. M. .. 558 varitefolium. Hook. f. . . obi verrucosum, Lindl. . . bbl Myrtus . . . . . . 647
acmenioides, F. v. M. . . 650 Becklerii, F. v. it/. . . 649 Bidwillii, Benth. .. 649 cymiflora, F. v. M. .. 646 elachantha, F. v. M. .. 654 exaltata, Bail. . . . . 651
fragrantissima, F. v. M. 650 gonoclada, F. r. M. ... 648 Hillii, Benth. ... .. 649
lasioclada, F. v. M. ... 648 melastomoides, F. v. M. 652 metrosideros. Bail. . . 651 monosperma, F. v. M. . . 651
nitida, Gmel. . . . . 651
racemulosa, Benth. . . 649 rhytisperma, F. v. M. . . 648 Shepherdi, F. v. M. . . 650 Smithii, Spreng. . . 657 tenuifolia, Sm. . . . . 648
Tozerii, F. v. M. . . 646 trinervia, DC. . . . . 652
trine lira, F. v. M. ... 646
Nelitris
paniculata, Benth. . . 654 Nematophylluni
Hookeri, F. v. M. . . 367 Neptunia . . . . . . 472
gracilis, Benth... .. 472 monosperma, F. v. M. . . 472 Nessea .. .. ... 676
Robertsii, F. v. M. ... 676 Nothopanax
elegant, Seem. . . ... 735
Macgillivrayi, Seem. . . 734 Murrayi, Seem. . . 733 sambucifoliiim, Seem. .. 734
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
IX
Page
X CIqC
(Euan the .. .. ... 725
javanica, DC. .. .. 726
stolonifera, Wall. . . 726
(Enothera .. .. ... 680
biennis, I Ann. .. .. 680
elata, H. B. K. . . . . 681
Ion gift or a, Jaeq. .. 681
salicifolia, Desf. ... 681 Opuntia . . . . . . 704
four, Haw. .. ... 704
vulgaris, Mill .. .. 704
Ormocarpum ... .. 406
oblongum, Desv. .. 411 sennoides, DC. . . . . 406
Osbeckia . . . . . . 668
angustifolia, Don . . 660
chinensis, I.inv. .. 668 Osbornea .. .. ... 644
octodonta, F. r. 31. ... 645
Otanthera . . . . . . 669
bracteata, Forth . .. 660
Oxycludium
semiseptatu m, E. v. M. . . 840 Oxylobium.. .. ... 385
aciculiferuni, Benth. .. 337 argenteum, Kunze . . 336 ellipticum, R. Br. . . 336 Pultenece, Lodd. . . 336 scandens, Benth. ... 336 spinosUm, DC. ... .. 358
staurophyllum, Benth... 337 trilobatum, Benth. .. 337
Panax 733
angustifolivs, F. v. M.... 734 cephalobotrys, F. v. M. 734 dendroides, F. v. M. . . 734 elegans, F. v. 31. . . 734
Maedowalli, F. v. M. .. 729 Maegillivreei, Benth. .. 734 macrosciadia, F. v. M. . . 730 mollis, Benth. ... .. 733
Murrayi, F. r. 31. .. 733
sambucifolius, Sieb. . . 734 Paratropia
venulosa, W. and Am. . . 735
Parinarium . . . . 524
Griffithianum, Benth. ... 524 Nonda, F. v. 31. ... 524
Parkinsonia . . . . 453
aculeata, Linn. . . .. 453
Passiflora .. .. ... 687
alba, L. and U. . . . . 688
aurantia, Font. . . 689 Banksii, Benth. .. 689 brachystephana, F. v. M. 689 coccinea, Soland. . . 689
edulis, Sinus . . . . 68H
feetida, Linn. . . . . 688
Herbertiana, Lindt. . . 688 quadrangularis, Linn... 688 suberosa, Linn... .. 688
Peltophorum . . . . 452
ferrugineum, Benth. .. 453 Pemphis . . . . . . 677
acidula, Font. .. ... 677
Pentapanax .. ... 729
Willmottii, /■’. v. M. . . 730
Page
Peplis .. .. ... 675
portula, Linn. .. .. 675
Persian
vulgaris. Mill .. .. 525
Petalostyles . . . . 464
labichoides, R. Br. . . 464
Petroselinuiu
prostratum , DC. . . 724
Pharnaceum
Cerviana, Linn. .. 712
Mollugo, Linn. . . . . 712
jMrviflomm, Roth .. 712
pentaphyllum, Spreng. . . 712 strictum, Spreng. 712
triphyllum, Spreng. . . 712 Phaseoius ... . . . . 432
Mungo, Linn. . . . . 433
psorateoides , IV. and A. 433 radiatus, lioxb. . . . . 433
rostratus. Wall. . . . . 433
Ro.rburghii , W. and Arn. 433 semiereetus .Linn. .. 433 trinervius, Heyne . . 433 truxillensis, H. B. K. . . 432 vexillatus, Linn. . 434
vulgaris, Linn. . . .. 432
Phellandrium
stoloniferum, Roxb. ... 726 Phyllodium
pule helium , Desv. .. 411
Phyllota ... . . . . 352
uspera, Benth. .. .. 353
Baueri, Benth. .. ... 353
Billardieri, Benth. . . 353 romosa, Benth. . . . . 353
grandiflora, Benth. .. 353 phylicoides, Bcntli. . . 352 pilosa, Benth. . . ... 353
squarrosa, Benth. .. 353
Pithecolobimn . . . . 519
granditiorum, Benth. . . 520 Hendersonii, F. v. M. . . 521 Junghuhnianum, Benth. 520 Lovellee, Bail. .. .. 521
moniliferum, Benth. ... 520 pruinosum, Benth. .. 520 ramiflorum, F. v. M. . . 521 Vaillantii, F. v. M. . . 522 Platycarpidium validum, F. v. M. . . 719 Platylobium . . . . 362
formosum. Sin. . . . . 362
lanceolatum, An dr. .. 366
ovatum, Andr. . . . . 366
Platysace
valida, I’, v. M. ..719 Pleurandra
reticulata. Hook. .. 336 Podolobium
aciculiferuni, F. v. M. ... 337 humifusum, Don .. 337 scandens, DC. . . 337
staurophyllum, DC. .. 337 trilobatum, 11. Br. . . 337 Podopetalum . . . . 447
Ormondi, F. r. HI. . 447 Poiretia
i linearis, Sm. .. .. 368
Page
Polyosma . . . . . . 534
alangiacea, F. v. 31. . . 535
Cuuninghamii, Benn. . . 534 reducta, F. v. 31. . . 535
rigidiuscula, F. v. 31. . . 535
Pongamia . . . . . . 446
glabra, Vent. . . . . 446
Prunus
persica, B. and H. .. 525 Psendalangium polyosmoides, F. v. M... 737 Psidium . . . . . . 645
guyava, Linn. . . . 645
Psoralea . . . . . . 380
acanthocarpa,F. v. M... 406 Archeri, F. v. 31. . . 382
ausiralasica, Sehleeht. 383 badocana, Benth. . . 381 cephalantha, F. v. M. . . 381 cinerea, Lindl. . . .. 383
Drummondii. Meissn. . . 383 eriantha, Benth. . . 382 Leichhardtii, F. v. M. . . 386 leucantha, F. v. 31. . . 383
patens, Lindl. . . . . 382
plumosa, F. v. 31. . . 382
pustulata, F. v. 31. . . 382
Testari®, F. v. 31. ... 384
tenax, Lindl. ... ,. 383
Pterolobium . . . . 452
nitens, F. v. 31. . . 452
Pultensea .. .. ... 354
aspera, Sieb. . . . . 353
comnsa, Sieb. . . ... 353
cuneata, Benth. .. 357 eehinula, Sieb. . . . . 358
rricoides, Vent. . . . . 352
euehila, DC. . . . . 359
ferrugine, Rudge . . 359 flexilis, Sm. .. . . 359
Hartmanni. F. v. 31. . . 357
ilicifolia, Andr. . . 337 juncea, Willd. .. .. 347
lanata, Sieb. . . . . 359
microphylla, Sieb. . . 357 Millari, Bail. . . . . 360
mucronata, Lodd. . . 356 myrtoides, A. Cunn. .. 356 oxalidifolia , A. Cunn. . . 358 paleacea, Willd. . . 357 parviflora, Sieb. . . 358 petiolaris, A. Cunn. .. 356 phylicoides, Sieb. . . 353 polifolia, A Cunn. .. 356 polygalifolia, Rudge .. 359 pycnoceplmla, F. v. 31. 355
retorta, Wendl. . . .. 361
retusa, Sm. ... .. 355
rosmarinifolia, Endl. .. 356 rosmarini folia, Lindl. ... 356 rosmarinifolia, Sieb. . . 352 rubicefolia, Andr. . . 339 setulosa, Benth. , . 358 squarrosa, Sieb. .. 353 stcnophylla, A. Cunn. .. 357 Sweetii, Don . . . . 359
ternata, F. v. 31. . . 357
uncinata, A. Cunn. .. 357
X
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
|
Page |
Page |
||
|
villosa, IV illd. . . |
352 |
Scandix |
|
|
virgata, Sieb. .. |
352 |
glochidiata, Labill. |
727 |
|
viscosa, R. Br. . . |
359 |
Schizomeria |
539 |
|
Punica |
679 |
ovata, D. Don . . |
540 |
|
Granatum, Linn. |
679 |
Scytalis |
|
|
Pycnospora |
416 |
anomala, Vog. . . |
435 |
|
hedysaroides, R. Br. . |
416 |
retusa, E. Mey. |
435 |
|
nervosa. IV. and Am. . |
416 |
Sesuvium ... |
708 |
|
Pygeum |
525 |
portulacastrum, Linn. |
708 |
|
Turnerianuin, Bail. |
525 |
quadrifidum, F. v. M. .. |
707 |
|
Pyrrhotrichia |
Sesbania ... |
397 |
|
|
tuberosa, W. and Arn. . |
441 |
aculeata, Pers. |
398 |
|
ffigyptiaea, Pen. |
398 |
||
|
Quintinia |
531 |
australis, F. v. M. |
399 |
|
Fawknerii, F. v. 31. |
532 |
coccinea, Pers. |
398 |
|
Quatrefagesii, F. v. 31. |
531 |
grandiflora, Pers. |
398 |
|
Sieberi, A. DC. . . |
531 |
picta, Pers |
398 |
|
Verdonii, F. v. 31. |
532 |
Sicyos |
701 |
|
angulata, Linn. |
701 |
||
|
Rhizophora |
559 |
australis, Eudl. |
701 |
|
niucronata, Lain. |
569 |
fretensis. Hook. |
701 |
|
Timoriensis, DC. |
560 |
Siebera |
718 |
|
Rhodamnia |
651 |
Billardieri, Benth. |
719 |
|
argentea, Benth. |
653 |
ericoides, Benth. |
719 |
|
Blairiana. F. v. 31. |
653 |
linearifolia, Benth. |
719 |
|
sessiliflora, Benth. |
652 |
valida. Benth. .. |
719 |
|
trinervia, Blame |
652 |
Sium |
725 |
|
Rhodomyrtus |
645 |
latifolium, Linn. |
725 |
|
cymiflora, F. v. 31. |
646 |
Smithia |
408 |
|
macrocarpa, Benth. |
647 |
eapitata , Desv. . . |
408 |
|
psidioides, Benth. |
646 |
conferta, Sin. ... |
408 |
|
trineura. F. v. 31. |
646 |
sensitiva, 2, W. and Arn. |
408 |
|
Rhynchosia . . |
439 |
Sonneratia |
678 |
|
acuti folia. F. v. 31. |
440 |
acida, Benth. .. |
679 |
|
australis, Benth. |
441 |
alba, Sm. |
679 |
|
Cunninghamii. Benth. |
440 |
mossambicensis, Klot. ... |
679 |
|
ervoidea, DC. . . |
441 |
Sophora |
446 |
|
la.ridora, Camb. |
441 |
Fraseri, Benth. |
447 |
|
lucida, DC. |
429 |
juncea, Schrad. |
347 |
|
inedicaginca, DC. |
441 |
tomentosa, Linn. |
447 |
|
minima, DC. |
440 |
Spadostyles |
|
|
nuda, DC. |
441 |
concolor, Endl. |
359 |
|
punctata, DC. . . |
441 |
Cunninghamii, Benth. |
358 |
|
rhombifolia. DC. |
441 |
ramulosa, Endl. |
359 |
|
virgata, Hamilt. |
441 |
Sieberi, Benth. . . |
360 |
|
Rhytidandra |
ternata, F. v. M. |
358 |
|
|
polyosmoides, F. v. M. |
737 |
Sohccridiovhorum |
|
|
vitiensis, A. Gray |
737 |
abyssinicum, Spach. |
385 |
|
Rosa |
529 |
linifolium, Desv. |
385 |
|
rubiginosa, Linn. |
529 |
Sphserolobium |
346 |
|
Rot a la |
minus, Labill. |
347 |
|
|
apetala, F. v. M. |
673 |
vimineum, Sm. |
346 |
|
decussata, DC. . . |
673 |
Spirseanthemum |
537 |
|
Roxburghiana, Wight .. |
673 |
Davidsoni, F. v. 31. |
537 |
|
verticillaris, Linn. |
673 |
Stereoxylon |
|
|
Rourea |
327 |
cilia tain, Poir . . |
582 |
|
brachvandra, F. v. 31.. |
328 |
crenulatuni , Poir |
584 |
|
Rubus |
526 |
Stravadium |
|
|
eglanteria, Tratt. |
527 |
rubrum, DC. |
667 |
|
Hillii, F. v. M |
526 |
Strongolodon |
428 |
|
macropodus, Ser. |
527 |
ruber. Vog. |
429 |
|
moluccanus, Linn. |
526 |
Swainsona |
399 |
|
Moorei, F. v. 31. |
527 |
albiflora, G. Don |
401 |
|
Muelleri, Bail. . . |
527 |
brachycarpa, Benth. .. |
401 |
|
parvifolius, Linn. |
527 |
campylantha, F. v. 31. |
402 |
|
ribesifolius, Sieb. |
527 |
coronillcefolia, Salisb. . . |
401 |
|
rossefolius, Sm. |
527 |
Fraseri, Benth. |
405 |
|
Z a li Ibnickneria n i/$,E ndl. 527 |
galegifolia, R. Br. |
401 |
X dgu
grandidora, R. Br. .. 401 Greyana, Lindl. . . 401 laxa, R. Br. . . . . 405
luteola, F. v. 31. .. 404
microphylla, A. Gray . . 404 montieola, A. Ciuui. .. 404 oligophylla, F. v. 31. . . 402 oneinotropis, F. v. 31. . . 403 oroboides, F. v. M. . . 404 Osbornii, T. Moore .. 401 parviflora, Benth. . . 404 phacifolia, F. v. 31. . . 403
phacoides, Benth. . . 402 procumbens, F. v. 31. . . 403 stipularis, F. v. M. . . 403 Syncarpia . . . . ... 638
Hillii, Bail. . . . . 639
laurifolia, Ten. ... 638 leptopetala, F. v. 9/. . . 639 Syzygium
brachynemum, F. v. M. 657 tlorihundum, F. v. M. . . 658
Jambolanum , DC. . . 659
longiflorum, Wall. .. 659
panieulatum , Gn. . . 663
Templetonia . . . . 366
egena. Benth . . . . 367
Hookeri, Benth. . . 367 Muelleri, Benth. ... 367 Tephrosia .. .. ... 391
astragaloides, R. Br. . . 394 Bidwilli, Benth. .. 395 croeea, R. Br. . . . . 392
filipes. Benth. .. .. 394
flammea, F. v. 31. . . 392
juncea, R. Br. . . . . 394
leptoclada. Benth. . . 393 oblongata, R. Br. . . 393 oligophylla, Benth. . . 394 polyzyga. F. v. 31. ... 393
porrecta. R. Br. . . 393 purpurea, Vers. . . 395
reticulata, R. Br. . . 392 rosea, F. r. 31. . . . . 395
Teramnus
clyndestinus, Spreng. .. 422 Termiualia . . ... 563
bursarina, F. v. 31. . . 565
Catappa, Linn. . . 566
ci'rcumalata, F. v. 31. . . 566 glabra, R. Br. . . . . 567
grandiflora, Benth. . . 568 raelanocarpa, F. v. 31. . . 566 microcarpa, Dene. ... 568 microcarpa, F. v. 91. . . 567
Muelleri, Benth. . . 567 oblongata, F. v. 31. . . 565
platyphylla, F. r. 31. . . 567 platyptera, F. v. 31. ... 564
porphyrocarpa, F. v. 31. 567 seriocarpa, F. r. 31. . . 568
Thozetii, Benth. . . 566 volucris, R. Br. .. 565 Ternatea
vulgaris, H. B, K. . . 421 Tetragonia .. ..706
expansa, Murr. . . 706
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
xi
Page
inermis , F. v. M. . . 706 Thryptomene . . . . 581
lionwlocalyx, F. v. M. . . 580 oligandra, F. v. .1/. . . 581
plicata , F. v. M. .. 582 polyandra, F. v. M. . . 582
Tilltea 544
adscendem, Nees . . 544
colorata, Nees . . . . 544
intricata, N ees . . .. 545
pcdunculata, Sieb. .. 544 purpurata, Hook./. .. 544 recurva, Hook. f. . . 545 verticillaris, DC. . . 544 verticilla ris, Hook. . . 545 Traehymene . . . . 717
australis, Bentli. . . 717 cyanopetala, Bentli. .. 717 ericoides, Sieb. .. ... 719
glandulosa, Bentli. . . 718 glaucifolia, Benth. .. 717 incisa, Rudye .. ... 718
linearis , Spreng. . . 719 procumbens, Benth. ... 718 subvelutina, DC. . . 719 tennis, DC. . . . . 719
Tvianthema ... . . 708
crystallina, Vahl. . . 709
cypselesides, Benth. . . 710 decandra, Linn. .. 709 glaucifolia, F. v. M. . . 709 pilosa, F. v. 31. . . 710
rhynchoealyptra, F. v. 31. 710 turgidifolia, F. v. 31. . . 709
Tricholobus . . . . 328
eonnaroides, F. v. 31. . . 328
Tric-hosanthes . . . . 691
cucumerina, Linn. .. 692 Hearnii, F. v. 3J. . . 693
palmata. Roxb. .. 692
Tage
pentaphylla, F. v. 31. . . 692 subvelutina, F. v. M. . . 692 Trifolium . . . . . . 379
procumbens, Linn. .. 379 repens, Linn. . . . . 379
resupinata, Linn. .. 379
Trigonella . . . . . . 377
suavissima, Lindl. . . 378 Tristania .. .. ... 635
albens, A. Cunn. .. 639 angustifolia, Hook. . . 640 conferta, R. Br. . . 636 depreisa, A. Cunn. . . 636 exili flora, F. v. 31. . . 637
lactiflua. F. v. 31. . . 637
laurina, R. Br. . . . . 637
longivalvis, F. v. 31. . . 638
vuicrophylla, A. Cunn. . . 636 rliytiphloia, F. v. M. . . 636 suaveolens, Sm. .. 635 subverticillata, Wendi.. . 636
Uraria .. .. .. 416
cercifolia, Desv. . . 417 cylindracea, Benth. . 417 lagopoides, DC. . . 417 picta, Desv. .. .. 417
Vacliellia
Famesiana, W. and A. 516 Velaga
globosa, Gn. .. .. 678
Verticordia . . . . 576
Cunninghamii, Schan. . . 577 Yicia . . . . . . 419
galegifolia, Andr. . . 401
hirsuta, Koch. .. .. 420
sativa, Linn. . . . . 419
Vigna .. .. ... 433
anomala, Walp. .. 435
Page
glabra, Savi .. .. 435
hirta, Hook. .. ..434
lanceolata, Benth. . . 435 lutea, A . Gray . . . . 434
luteola, Benth. . . . . 435
rctusa, Walp. . . . . 435
suberecta , Benth. . . 435 vexillata, Benth. .. 434 villosa, Savi . . . . 435
Viminaria . . .. .. 347
denudata, Sm. . . . . 347
lateriflora. Link . . 346
Weinmannia . . . . 540
apetala, Bail. . . . . 542
Benthanii, F. v. 31. .. 541
Biagiana, F. v. 31. . . 541
lachnocarpa, F. v. 31. . . 542 paniculata, F. v. M. . . 540 paniculosa, F. v. M. . . 540 rubifoiia, F. v. 3[. . . 542
Wistaria
megasperma, F. v. M, . . 396
Xanthosia . . . . . . 720
hirsuta, DC 720
Montana, Sieb. . . . . 720
pilosa, Rudye . . . . 720
Xanthostemon . . . . 641
chrysanthus, F. v. 31. . . 641 oppositifolius. Rail. . . 642 pachyspermus, F. v. 31. and Bail. .. .. 642
Zehneria . . . . . . 699
Cunninghamii. F. v. M. 700 ejecta, Bail. . . . . 699
erythrocarpa, F. v. M. . . 698 micrantha, F. v. M. .. 701 Zornia . . . . . . 409
diphylla, Pers. . . . . 409
VERNACULAR NAMES.
|
A bill |
Page ... 525 |
|
|
Acacia Cedar |
.. 517 |
|
|
Ah-pill |
.. 470 |
|
|
Algoori |
.. 630 |
|
|
Ambool |
.. 632 |
|
|
Apple-tree . . |
. . 605 |
|
|
Aranyi |
.. 427 |
|
|
Arriga |
.. 470 |
|
|
Atchoourgo |
.. 600 |
|
|
Baka |
.. 488 |
|
|
Bam-bir |
.. 561 |
|
|
Barbaddar |
.. 470 |
|
|
Barror |
.. 667 |
|
|
Beantree . . |
448, 456 |
|
|
Belgo-belgo |
.. 447 |
|
|
Bichunia . . |
.. 600 |
|
|
Bie . . |
• . . 622 |
|
|
Biggar |
.. 620 |
|
|
Bil-be-a |
.. 562 |
|
|
Binaroley ... |
.. 559 |
|
|
Biree |
.. 561 |
|
|
Bishop’s weed |
.. 725 |
|
|
Blackbutt . . |
.. 614 |
|
Blackwood |
Page .. 498 |
|
|
Bloodwoo 1 |
.. 632 |
|
|
Bloodwood (white) |
.. 633 |
|
|
Blue Gum . . |
.. 626 |
|
|
Booah |
.. 591 |
|
|
Boolarchoo |
. . 635 |
|
|
Boolbah |
.. 489 |
|
|
Boona |
.. 632 |
|
|
Boorgun |
.. 511 |
|
|
Bottle Gourds |
.. 693 |
|
|
Bowar |
.. 451 |
|
|
Brazilian Cherry |
.. 657 |
|
|
Brigalow . . |
.. 499 |
|
|
Brisbane Box |
.. 636 |
|
|
Bujir |
. . 635 |
|
|
Bungadinnia |
.. 662 |
|
|
Bunkerman |
.. 516 |
|
|
Bu-poo |
. . 605 |
|
|
Burra |
.. 487 |
|
|
Buttercup-tree |
.. 638 |
|
|
Carabbe |
.. 517 |
|
|
Carbeen |
A 630 |
|
|
Cartalogoor |
.. 737 |
|
Chichm |
Page .. 463 |
|
Choolo-choolo |
.. 641 |
|
Cismatan |
... 463 |
|
Clover |
.. 379 |
|
Consolation-tree . . |
.. 456 |
|
Cooktown Loquat |
.. 647 |
|
Cool i bar |
.. 623 |
|
Coriander .. |
.. 726 |
|
Country Almond . . |
.. 566 |
|
Curgura |
.. 616 |
|
Currijello . . |
.. 641 |
|
Dalby Myall |
.. 497 |
|
Dandoola ... |
.. 626 |
|
Darling Pea |
.. 401 |
|
Darrin jar ... |
. . 686 |
|
Davidsonia Plum .. |
. . 538 |
|
Dead Finish |
.. 518 |
|
Do-anjin-jin |
.. 420 |
|
Dogwood . . |
.. 345 |
|
Dulan |
.. 489 |
|
Durin |
.. 567 |
|
Eandi |
.. 567 |
|
Emu Grass |
... 383 |
Page
Esie 661
Evening Primrose . . 681
Flannel Flower . . . . 721
Forest Mahogany ... 628
Gaja 633
Gavgar 621
Gidgee 495
Gnjumgahn 514
Gnorpin . . . . . . 624
Goat’s Rue . . . . 390
Gooden . . . . . . 632
Goomurrie . . . . 427
Go-onje 667
Gou-unya 633
Granadilla . . . . 688
Green Wattle . . . . 514
Greyanger . . . . 734
Guava . . . . . . 645
Gum-topped Box . . . . 619
Gundey Bluey . . . . 487
Gunthamarrah . . . . 667
Hare’s Ear ... .. 723
Indigo Plant . . . . 388
Ironbark (black) . . . . 620
Ironbark (Lemon-scented) 622 Ironbark (narrow-leaved) 622 Iron-gum Tree ... .. 623
Ironwood . . . . . . 481
Ironwood. Scrub .. ... 649
Ironwood Wattle . . . . 499
Jequerity . . . . . . 420
Jerusalem Thorn . . 453
Jimmy Low . . . . 628
Jinbul .. .. .. 623
Jinjil . . . . . . 632
Johnstone River Hardwood 644 Joon-da . . . . . . 525
Joora . . . . . . 614
Jo-ora . . . . . . 667
Kadolo ... ... .. 433
Kalaara . . . . . . 649
Kal-lar 441
Kara . . . . . . 644
Karumbil-tree . . . . 446
Kennedy’s Heath . . ... 586
Klmba .. .. ... 634
Kniperi . . . . . . 667
Komin .. .. ... 433
Kong-an . . . . . . 424
Koonmurri . . . . 448
Koorgarrie . . . . 733
Koorka-bidgan ... . . 652
Ko-par . . . . . . 448
Korlbun . . . . . . 438
Kowarkull . . . . . . 509
Kowinka . . . . . . 561
Kulcha .. .. ... 633
Kullingal . . . . . . 617
Kurleah . . . . . . 623
Kyenbooree . . . . 600
Lancewood ... .. 511
Lar . . . . . . 500
Larchanama . . . . 560
Lightwood . . . . 498
Loose Strife . . . . 675
Lucern . . . . . . 378
Mal-kan . . . . . . 436
Mamboo .. ... .. 345
VERNACULAR NAMES.
Page
Mangoor . . . . . . 649
Marara .. .. ... 542
Marum . . . . . . 595
Matchbox Bean .. ... 470
Melilot .. .. ..379
Mel-joor-ang .. .. 562
Merrany . . . . . . 542
Mochi-wood ... .. 427
Mo-kor-ja .. .. ... 445
Mon-jin . . . . ..511
Moolar ... ... .. 623
Moonah . . . . . . 602
Moonburrie . . . . 626
Moorool . . . . . . 659
Moreton Bay Chestnut . . 448
Mor-ngi .. .. .. 600
Morni-li-an . . . . 430
Mountain Oak . . . . 640
Mulga . . . . . . 505
Mullar ... . . . . 520
Mullet .. .. .. 618
Mungar . . . . . . 626
Musk-wood .. .. 737
Nankoor . . . . . . 605
Nar-gul .. .. ..441
Narm-boon-bong .. .. 633
Narran . . . . . . 487
Neram . . . . . . 527
New Zealand Spinach . . 706
Ngeen-jerry . . . . 398
Nonda-tree . . . . 529
Ogarrah . . . . . . 499
Olm-bah . . . . . . 634
Oloorgo . . . . . . 661
Oodgeroo . . . . . . 600
Oombar . . . . . . 621
Oon-doo ... .. ..471
Oo-ray .. ... .. 538
Ootcho .. ... .. 667
Orange Mangrove . . 561
Ori . . . . . . . . 630
Pand-ja .. .. ..441
Papaw . . . . . . 690
Parpangata . . . . 470
Passionfruit . . . . 688
Peach-tree . . . . 525
Peebeen . . . . . . 639
Pegunny . . . . . . 467
Pie Melon . . . . . . 697
Pomegranate . . . . 679
Poorga . . . . . . 599
Poplar Box . . . . 618
Poplar Gum (broad-leaved) 627 Poonga Oil-tree . . . . 446
Pornupan . . . . . . 679
Pudginjacker . . . . 661
Pumpkin . . . . . . 698
Pun-dar Pun-dar . . . . 420
Prickly Pear . . . . 704
Ean-na . . . . . . 524
Raspberry . . . . . . 527
Red Mangrove . . . . 561
Red Sandalwood . . . . 471
Redwood, Scrub .. .. 542
Roangga 628
Rokowara . . . . . . 471
Rosewood . . . . . . 509
Ru 424
Rusty Gum . . . . 605
Scribbly Gum Shuttlecock Flower Spotted Gum
Squirting Cucumber 697. Strawberry, Indian Stringybark (broad-leaved) Stringybark (red) Stringybark (rough) Stringybark (white)
Swamp Mahogany
Sweet Briar
Sweet Verbena-tree
Tallow-wood
Tandaji
Tandoor
Tantoon
'J'a-ra
Teheergum
Tchilgar ..
Tchunba
Teak
Tee
Thalmera ..
Thorow-wax Thow-i-ee ...
Thozet’s Box
Toi
Tom-min . .
Tom Russell’s Mahognny
Tooloo
Too-ta
Torakal
Towel Gourd
Tubbil-pulla
Turpentine-tree . .
Urar
Urona
Urrgula
Waargoon-waargoon Wackay Wai-gen Walkaran . .
Waneu War-roon . .
Water Gum Water Melon Water Parsnip Water Purslane ... Weeping Myall . .
White Apple . . 659,
Wliitewood (Mowbulan) . . Wo-in-ya ..
Wommo Wong-arrah Wongoola . .
Wonkara . .
Wooller-wooller
Woonara
Woorboon...
Woorgun . .
Wooroola . .
Yadtbor
Yananoleu
Yapunyah..
Yarra Yarrah Yellow Jacket
Yellow Wood
Yoo-a-bal
Page
616
686
634 699
528 614 628 613
613
635
529 644 616 436 622 589
511
614 509 630 468 616 467 723 519 623 614 566 640 499 394 441 694
636 638
634
635 630
660
448
413
660
516
512
637 697 725 675 496 660 734 524 382 495 627 630 599 630 664
619
620
516
565
618
625
626 618 642 512
I