REPORT OF THE Ministe of Agriculture — OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC 1901 QUEBEC PRINTED BY CHARLES PAGEAU PRINTER TO His Most GRaActous MAJESTY THE KING 1902 é a parr Pascaat inthe QUEBEC, Ist FEBRUARY, 1902. _ The Honorable Sir LOUIS A. JETTE, Knight-Commander of the Most Dis- < tinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, Lieutenant- Governor of the Province of Quebec. ‘May it please Your Honor : & In laying before you the report of the operations of the Department : of Agriculture for the fiscal year 1900-1901, I have the honor to supple- ment with a few remarks the differents documents contained therein. The great development which the dairy industry has assumed in this province within a few years and the obligation, which is becoming more and more pressing, of perfecting its products intended for exportation, in _ view of the constantly growing competition upon which we must reckon, has necessitated the appointment of an increased number of inspectors to visit the factories during the course of each summer. On reference to the _ reports of these officers, it will be seen that they have noted a constant im- provement in the processes of manufacture, but that they are almost unan™ imous in stating that the patrons of the factories are far from bestowing upon the handling of the milk the requisite care to assure the making of first quality products. There has, however, been an improvement in this respect and the numerous lectures which the Department of Agriculture has caused to be given on the subject, together with the teaching. of the inspectors, should before long lead to the disappearance of this defect which constitutes the chief obstacle to our putting on the market unobject- ionable products. The policy inaugurated two years since of granting special premiums for _ theimprovement of the cheese factories is being more and more appreciated _ by the proprietors of such establishments. From the Ist July last to the _ present date, the Department of Agriculture has already disbursed in _ premiums of $100 and $150 a sum of upwards of $5,000 and as a large - number of the proprietors have informed the department of ther intention to add curing rooms to their factories according to the department’s IV specifications, it is presumable that in the course of the actual fiscal year the amount which the Government will be called upon to pay for this object will much exceed the figure of $6,000. The number of farmers’ clubs has again increased since last year. The last report of the Department of Agriculture showed that there were then 530 of these clubs and this year they number 543. In all the counties, competitions in dairy cows were organized either under the control of the agricultural societies or under that of the farmers’ clubs with the aid of the special grant made by the Department of Agri- culture for the purpose. These competitions are growing more and more in favor and. according to the reports sent in, produce excellent results by impressing the farmers with the importance of raising good dairy breeds and the selection of the best animals in each herd. The great competition organized at Buffalo during the Exhibition held there last summer emphasized in a very marked way the good qualities of the Canadian milch cows. It is therefore of the utmost importance for breeders of these animals to practise with greater care than ever the judicious selection of the best types, which are becoming more and more popular not only in this province, but in Ontario and even in the United ~ States. The establishment of experimental fruit stations has been quite a revelation as regards the possibilities of fruit growing in regions where this culture has been hitherto unknown. The actual stations were created for a period of five years, which expires this year. The Department of Agriculture is now studying the topography ofthe different rural coun- ties of the province with the view to a new distribution of these stations for the next five years dating from 1903. The new regulations adopted by the Council of Agriculture to facilitate the purchase of sires of the different breeds of domestic animals have been accepted with the greatest good will by a large number of the — agricultural societies, which, in their programme for this year, have agreed to apply to that object a part of the grant to which they are reepectively entitled. V — — Ss ——— Horse breeding in particular, which for many years had been completely neglected owing to the low price of horses, rendering that branch of agricultural industry rather onerous than profitable, promises to be carried on in the future under absolutely different conditions owing to the orders which the Imperial Government intends to have filled in this country for its army remounts. It is much to be regretted, however, that the type of horse generally bred in this province is far from meeting the requirements of this new trade, which is a reason why the agricultural institutions subsidized by the Government should concentrate ali their efforts upon the constant improvement of our breeds of horses. As already stated, a goodly number of the agricultural societies have grasped this serious question and it is to be hoped that their example will be largely followed by our agricultural associations in the interest of agriculture. On reference to the report of the Provincial Road Inspector, it will be observed that the good roads policy inaugurated by the Government in 1897 has produced unexpected results in awakening our rural popula- _ tion to the importance of the much neglected question of road improve- ment and in a good many counties they have even begun to macadamize the principal avenues of communication. In order toafford an opportunity to the farmers in our rural counties to personally realize the utility of the special implements for stone breaking and road macadamizing, the Government has purchased several machines which it places gratuitously for a limited time at the disposal of the counties applying therefor. Already several municipalities, which have used these machines, have since then purchased them at their own cost, after testing them for a certain time and thus ascertaining their usefulness. Consequently, the Department of Agriculture proposes to follow up this policy, the timeliness and importance of which are unquestionable. The whole respectfully submitted, F.-G. MIVILLE-DFCHENE, Minister of Agriculture. VII OFFICERS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The Hon. F. G. MIVILLE-DECHENE, Minister. Mr. G. A. GIGAULT, Deputy-Minister. Mr, 8S. SYLVESTRE, Secretary. Mr. A. M. F. d’ ESCHAMBAULT, Accountant. Mr. J.-A. PAQUET, Assistant-Accountant. Mr. OCT. DEMERS, Registrar. Mr. EDOUARD FAFARD, Asst.-Registrar. Mr. OCT. OUELLETTE, Secr.-Council of Agriculture. Messrs. J. E. LEULERC, OSCAR LESSARD, ARTHUR LARUE, Clerks. Dr. WILFRID GRIGNON, Lecturer, Ste. Adéle, Co. Terrebonne. Mr. O. E. DALAIRE, Lecturer, Ste. Rose, Co. Laval | Mr. H. NAGANT, Assistant-editor of the Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. J. T. LAMB, F. X. BILODEAU, Messengers. wu AY } 4 4 7 Pe ak é ver « PRAT HS. ” REPORT AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL OF SAINTE-ANNE DE LA POCATIERE FOR THE YEAR 1900-1901 To THE HoNoRABLE F. G. M. DECHENE, Commissioner of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, : I have the honor to submit the report of the Agricultural School of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere for the year ending 30th. June 1901. STUDENTS. Thirty-three students attended the School this year. As in previous years, their time was divided between study, lessons and manual labor. They seem to understand and appreciate the exceptional advantages which they enjoy for the study of agriculture in theory and practice, and I am happy to be able to bear testimony to their good conduct and application. LIST OF STUDENTS DURING THE YEAR 1900-1901. NAMES RESIDENCE Albert Taschereau................- ot \St-Pierre-de- io ala bolceceaee Aimé Boutet.. : were ‘Beauport... Sateawes ca save cn zeecueke Adolphe Lapointe... m tetqae wavacece| MAM RI@otoeecant qcteate t= Peconic: Samuel Létourneat ..ssscses sescecssesesees |\Ste- Anne-des-Monts ......... --2-000- Wilirid ‘Vinmbemtec: secon .-2c-sess cece ens ‘St-Joseph, ERUGE fosscece Cuca eee Bgene ater hccencs ase ccedageeeersneeee> |Gake Bouchette...- onoscaatesapeaes nis dasgeeyeene 5 113 SWINE Thoroughbred isis: es PRR AS S28 CR Boars 3 Beth 100 FR, «ERS Bicep Mieeemidt etter cenit Aad Sows 8 + Ca) Y saetbinmneca wenatchee nes pall Porklings 15 Chester VERILC. «css. cvicuicectonmcheisdenenuiceases tana Boar 1 at Niaee cs Sle SAA ee) ay | si chug EL. pr eetaehd waaaey's idle vc Qeb sbacdse Sows 2 ENR 2 hr ey pk ea tebes - ddkedawubecs Boar } MEIC, Bo 1.0 ac oeeee . cc wala aavronxeceastd 75 106 SHEEP Thoroughbred Cotswolds..,... ..scseceesseees seeeee Rams 2 23 OO TmTIED: .» cde cukiew bab vue wove oe Ewes 10 DEEL 23 a0) ashes tewcs-\ secede eeecs > + <2 des na enes na Rams 1 RN oe Rtanhs ah BOs heed inde Ghana chaaweat Ewes 7 20 EXPERIMENTS We made experiments this year in the cultivation of barley with different chemical fertilizers and barnyard manure. The soil chosen for these experiments was a sandy clay, of average richness which bore a crop of oats last year. We divided a certain part of the field into eight parcels or plots of 240 square feet each, and each having a numbered picket. The superphosphate of lime and the chloride of potassium were applied on the 25th. May, immediately followed by a harrowing. The Seeding was done on the 20th. June. The nitrate of soda and barnyard manure were applied and turned only after the last harrowing. The man- ures were distributed as follows : Plot No. 1, the.test plot, received no manure; plot No. 2 received 6 lbs of superphosphate of lime and 8 lbs of nitrate of soda; plot No. 3, 4 1b. of chloride of potassium and 3 lbs of nitiate of soda; plot No. 4, 14 Ib. of chloride of potassium and 6 lbs of superphosphate of lime ; plot No. 5, 14 lb. of chloride of potassium, 6 lbs of superphosphate of lime and 3 lbs of nitrate of soda; plot No. 6, 300 lbs of barnyard manure, 1 } lbs of chloride of potassium, 6 lbs of superphosphate of lime and 3 lbs of ni- trate of soda; plot No 7, 300 lbs of barnyard manure, 1} 1b. of chloride of potassium and 6 lbs of superphosphate of lime; and plot No. 8, 300 lbs of barnyard manure. In the fall, we separated and carefully weighed the crop from each of the plots, when the following results were obtained : Without manure. Test plot. Superphosphate of lime. Nitrate ofsoda. _ Chloride of potassium. Nitrate of soda. Chloride of potassium. Superphosphate of lime. Chloride of potassium. Superphosphate of lime. Nitrate of soda. Barnyard manure. Chloride of potassium. Superphosphate of lime. Nitrate of soda. Barnyard manure. Chloride of potassium. Superphosphate of lime. Barnyard manure, . —_— | | | lbs Straw and chaff. 103 lbs. Straw and chaff. 13} lbs. Straw and chafi. 14 lbs. Straw and chaff. 123 lbs. Straw and chaff. 143 lbs. Straw and chaff. 19 lbs. Straw and chaff. 154 lbs. Straw and chaff. 134 lbs. 52 Ibs. vase aie az Five ek us tos, eter Grain. Grain. 8 lbs Grain. 10 lbs. Grain. 83 lbs. Grain. 104 lbs. Grain. 133 lbs. Grain. 11} lbs. Grain. 94 lbs. OTHER CULTURAL EXPERIMENTS. 1. Cultivation of wheat with superphosphate of lime. 2. Cultivation of oats with ground bones. 3. Cultivation of oats with superphosphate. 4. Cultivation of oats with ground bones and wood ashes. These different experiments should supply us with valuable inform- ation. All the students have followed the various cultural experiments with interest and taken an active part therein. The exhibits sent on to your department by the Agricultural School for the Paris Universal Exhibition which were prepared by the students, have won for us the honor of receiving from the Canadian Committee at that exhibition a certificate of gold medal diploma awarded to the Cana- dian Government for its exhibit of cereals, which certificate attests that Wwe were among the principal exhibitors of these products. STAFF OF THE SCHOOL. Superior—Rey. Dominique Pelletier. Procurator— Rev. Elzéar Dionne. Professor—Rev. Joseph Richard. Director—Rev. A. S. Deschénes. Assistant-Director—Mr. Elz. Alf. Dupont, deacon. Farm foremen—Mr. Alfred Ouellet and Mr. A. Fortin. Butter-makers— Messrs. Eug. Jalbert and A. St-Pierre. Foreman of workshop—Mr. Thomas Raymond. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, A. S. DESCHENES, Prisst. 10 REPORT OF THE COMPTON MODEL FARM Hon F. G. M. DECHENE, Sir, 1 have the honor to submit my annual report for 1900-1901. The first part of the month of July 1900, was so wet that hay making did not commence here until the 19th, a very late date for this part of the country. The crop was an average one but the increasing numbers of cattle made the price high. Straw, which a few years ago was looked upon as only good for bed- ding, is now, I may say, entirely consumed by the cattle in conjunction with turnips and ensilage. The cultivation of Indian corn for ensilage is increasing every year. Farmers who a few years ago told me they would not havea silo on their farms are now feeding ensilage in winter with good results and increasing the fertility of their land. Clover is also more extensively sown than in former years. We are still in want of far larger accommodation for our crops and stock. On the 21st November last we had a very high wind that blew away several feet off the roof of the cow barn. I had to have it immediately repaired to prevent the hay and grain from being damaged. We should be in a position to be able to cut the straw we use for bedding, thus saving largely both in straw and manure. My old seeder being out of date, I sold it and bought a drill seeder this spring, which I find works remarkably well on this land ; we save one half the seed, and the crop so far shows no signs of lodging, which grain is so subject to on this land. The crop of 1900 turned out very well, the yield being an average one 11 ———— eee with the exception of mangolds which did not do as well as usual, but the quality was good and they kept well during the winter and I was still feeding them to the cows when they were turned to pasture. Our permanent pasture is by no means satisfactory; it has grown to moss and should be ploughed up and part of our arable land fenced off for pasture so as to get some returns from the land. There are several portions of arable land which require draining ; they spoil the look of the farm and the return from the land is very small ; the expense of tile draining these small pieces would not be great, and would give the pupils an opportunity of seeing how the work is done. My garden is beginning to be productive, supplying me with aspar- agus, rhubarb, strawberries &c. The orchard is also beginning to bear, a few trees having apples this year. I would like to feed a few bullocks every winter, so as to show the pupils how to fatten cattle, but as things are at present with so limited accommodation in the barns it is impossible to do so. We have plenty of fodder. We have had about the same number of pupils throughout the year ; in the winter we get a great many who wish to learn buttermaking, in the spring they take situations as assistant butter makers Wc., and leave us when they are getting to be of some use, and are able to earn wages. Mr. John Ewing has given lectures throughout the year on the follow- ing subjects :—The Soils, Tillage and Underdraining, Manure and Ferti. lizer, Preparation of the soil for seed, Organic and Inorganic Substances defined, Composition of the Atmosphere and Water, Food for Plants and Animals, Forms, divisions and structure of Plants, Restoration of exhausted soils, Animals and artificial fertilizers, Vegetable and mineral fertilizers, Subsoiling, Rotation of crops, Different breeds of animals, Plants as living things, Matter, Bodies, Solids, Liquids and Gases, Animals, the different breeds. Mr. Ewing has also made the pupils write papers on the various subjects of the lectures. 12 The creamery has continued to run throughout the entire year, and the returns have been good. We were obliged to put in a new churn and butter worker, our old one being worn out. We find the combined churn and worker fairly satisfactory. I am told by experienced creamery men that the ordinary life of a churn and worker is three years ; as ours lasted three years and a half we cannot complain. We also had to put a new floor in the separating room; the continued use of steam and hot water to keep the floors clean wears them out. I endeavour to keep everything in good order and up to date, as far as possible. I have had various enquiries from different sources on cultivation of crops of all kinds. I have had much pleasure in replying to these, which I think has been appreciated. Our experimental orchard and fruit station has got to such large proportions that we are greatly in need of a good gardener; as we have to keep the land under cultivation for afew years more, it entails a good deal of expense, especially in seasons such as this and last year; it being so wet makes it almost impossible to keep down the weeds ; when seeded down to hay the expense will of course be nominal. Last winter I drew out manure and spread it on the snow where we have ensilage corn. I continued to draw and spread until the snow got so deep I was obliged to stop. The difference in the corn crop where the manure was spread this spring and last winter is now quite perceptible, the latter being far the best. Whether the crop will ultimately be better I can only determine when it is cut this autumn; at present it is certainly further advanced. I will have doubie the quantity of hay this year that we had six years ago, with more grain and ensilage ; with the small buildings we have it is impossible to get the crop in, consequently I have to stack a large proportion. I had hay over from last year, also some ensilage and could winter a good many more cattle if we had only the place to put them. I put upasmall shed where we kept some 8 young cattle during the winter; they did well. It is earnestly to be hoped that a new barn will be erected 13 soon, as the loss sustained by stacking the crop is large over and above the expense of moving it during the winter to the barns. A cheese factory has been built 14 miles from here by a syndicate ; it will take a certain proportion of the milk now brought to the creamery here. A certain class of farmers prefer turning their milk into cheese instead of butter; there is a good deal of loss to those who have high testing butter fat cows, as the same price is paid at a cheese factory for low testing as high testing milk, which is the opposite at a creamery as patrons are paid by the butter fat. I think, we are in need of an inspector at our creamery who might give us new ideas and keep us posted. I herewith send statement of receipts and disbursements for year. Respectfully submitted. JOHN LEMoYNE, Director. Compton Model Farm, Compton 2nd., Aug., 1901. 1900-1901 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF FARM, HOUSE AND CREAMERY FOR YEAR ENDING JULY IsT, 1901. RECEIPTS Farm. SeemerMIMent ANNUAl Grant ......... cocse.cscsscceees ekg $ 4,500 00 14 Milk sent to CreaMery........0sceeeeeee ces wine és hs Soperiebbene 830 17 Cows sold for beel.. sac, aes eack aeons a ae = N 224 25 Pig. ...).2... ssscousnnlenaasstinan sevaneha deennnves « s>sechsntalnnnenar 685 31 ; yA oA NM al ana ioe or $ 6,239 78 | House Hoard-stndlents 2.225 Bes Be a, CARR - $ 314 88 Creamery. Pom tbee: MO KUNG co. cursscaedy cose! some pad scp eteep meena $ 3,329 98 RENTS OEE ee Roo ee tees Pea nighakaws cects ves fe area 18 40 Refrigerator DOMUS...... -..ce.ce: ceseeee seceecene ceeee senewacer 25 00 Totals... ch Aa A eee $ 3,868 38 DISBURSEMENTS. Farm. J. M. LeMoyne, principal......... ccsceser sascoe serves coveee ¢ 900 00 E. Bjorkelunde, foreman..........seeee cee cesses cesseeeseneeees 404 80 FJ Fooveland, tOangeter :>. »-Seseisanswasesisccas \xpgseip encceeernnl 330 00 Clatiiciate Jeon ck SA eB ite ee eke 187 50 Hired abo rers ..» casees jinwnwees She dealtaus'® tara dolls ok «,\eacoeieacant 835 56 Hed , SERANY. | (CLC cacy gnoosze i tipnaiiiblanksscoensorsatenensa tees 1,022 72 Implements, harness, etc...... hiaseaee aieas dtvialee Beane eis 490 56 Gorneral. store voi cies cay cta des ckventes aeep enue pence eben 161 04 Carpenter -.-coeses cscseees cecacede: spereaser suseceoeesseeues sevees 141 65 Tin and Dlacksiniths: weectvtssavivevave: vWedhes, sou xuletae 86 72 Light and fuel........- secereeesteeeeeeee coerce ms ~sdiekcenaeaee 96 95 Tae SkOCIG ss ccccase scdabe aigcvrmekbutis.keas ¢gikeh tA CRRA 73 00 Periodicals, stationery, CtC...... - secceses seececeeetoeeweens 63 84 Freight and express....++ -seseses seceseeeneses eeeeaeeeen senees 69 09 Postage, telephone, Cte .....-.eeseres cee teeetesseeeeeee saves 34 00 VHBUTADCE : cs swcshs covacweck valde vapbeseltatet ss +s pesnueias 18 00 J. Ewing, lectuarer..eccces ss. cecee sercsecee scores teeeees tosses 29 80 Total. tastcty biases sesuaeeeees # 4,445 23 —_— —— House EE ee eR ee er RS $ 504 53 EE a ne a ee ek eo Ae ai ae pL 475 26 a tins, 5 sna: imeaeeaiiew 4 cnaooe® ide eve Ramerpmtttccdeade 508 8 I ooo wnsid ERs tan edcxa: Vzkebea deb Un pedd) ivedee at eal 65 16 DUINECE so 500. 0-52 20> 0-0 ih aN re oe aN 171 16 I 80 es a... staat arn dendodtudcuani-wer “wanels paige 43 82 MERE ANLCWEXPTCSS.....0020. coseseree sevoccerss ference Ys. 26 94 PCE LT see, a akL coo ete $ 1,795.24 Creamery. BLE AIT y ~DUtteTMAKe’L......00. asesscees seasesees seccpencs $ 500 00 SES 2 RRR Ss les ae ER 177 55 Tubs and boxes........... Be eg AE ER APPT BO 449 80 a iotseeee 384 05 LF ES ee, er eS SR 261 48 NE, occl SLL iccadcl ca csescda alceeBen Sue gp hectic Marra : 76 00 tino ca bachk > Jpcemt thea) amar cagheo-awiGpixwisees, dn Kas 82 65 See ive sce 6 sehen a ATO glak Ere LET reer 29 76 SE 168 37 SIE CR DTCES 28... joswece eveen vine dived! dedcba cbaces 125 59 Net oof os So nt Ta; enes'snna etal wawentw (ogame cocaoe 121 64 Pee 1 PALTONS...- 2+ ....dacee veccencrsecece ee aT eee 392 25 $ 2,769 14 — OKA ACRICULTURAL SCHOOL. ANNUAL REPORT 1900-1901. Hon. F. G. M. DEcCHENE, Commissioner of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit the report of the Oka Agricultural School for the year 1900-1901, 16 OOOO PUPILS. 61 pupils attended the School during the year ending 30th June 1901. Js nnn nn ne EEE TEI nE nS nT TENSTT | DATE OF LEAVING. NAMES AND SURNAMES. es nn ee EIEIEEEIIEE IEE EISnESISSSI SSUES Un USSU SE Sn EEE .|St-Jean d’ Eschaillons.... Houle Joseph. «2... .-scscceee -soeeeee RESIDENCE. Wadelle Charles......... ..00+ -sese- Montreal tecccecencosencsn ant re Adam Hugene ... 20... .cccecsceeees (Montreal ...-- 0. csceee creeeeees Bonneau Ernest... wees |t-David de eden ba ocanaee Lavigne Gustave... -.--| Montreal.. “Absences Lemieux Armand .....c0 2 secceees Mantrealisitoacsc.secee a Bonneville Albert.....-c0c.seeeecees SPR Git coe cce- ta eves uccssanss Rousseau [6OnBId.......00 cevceeeee Thetford Mines Oe Sitia Sense Fortier Georges ..-..1.. ssss0. seeee- Reaseerersiceses Prudhomme Joseph......-.2+.. see cals ee Bonneau AMEEE ......0- ac -eeeeeeee St-David a ey {Ghee Sas Caseneuve Eugéne.., aids Montreal aaeatys Kae eee ‘ Cing-Mars Jean- Baptiste aroha De Lorgeril Louis MacDonald George... -.-.++-+++ ..|Glengarry (Ontario) Cambour (France)......... Demers Adolphe ......+ ----20 seee: Chapeat’ -..2c2-s5c.cetess) tones Demers Eugéne ..... ......+. . ++-|Pembrooke (Ontario)..... Neilson George -.eereeee cecsee cove Deschambault...... ..--..+ Caty Raoul . Geews ioswaseor | MOMERCRL <.rccaree cauaenes seenee Chouinard Francois. sascstuakerorkes 1 te Bape ood Peyrusse Léger --.-.60 .cseeee seeeee |LOtDID CLE «+-eees seeeee ceeeee Lespérance Benjamin sone naieineke? Montreal ...c..c00. snore vecvee Genest Joseph ......0. .. cesses ceeeeee DENIME) fon cant (et ssenpsticater Casgrain BORE = Soscavets ju osveseed L’Islet.. Pageau Dollard.. Beaulieu Emile Tranchemontagne Stanislas..... s whe St-Isidore .. Btonde Meunier Pardime........- ....+++ eee eeee wwe enee es ceeee ....|Montre al. ioe St-Jean a Therville.: : Montreal.. ce. veunes BOurdus tous --<02 ere «-sc0p secossnrs Varennes (Vercheres).... Lebeau Edouard......--. seco seeee|St-Joseph dW’ Ely .......eeee- Pelletier Adélard.......-... ---++eee St-Marcel de L’Islet... Laplante *Narzal....c. .eseceeeeceeees Ns tOr lOO -coerarn ce scene ar Marien Joséphat ......0. sess severe St-Henri de Mascouche.. Morin Arthur......-c...-ceeeeees sree. (St-Jean de Rays peace Robert Joseph...... --ce-sees ereveee i: St-Bruno.. givanevetoasns Sénécal Adalbert........ epeeeeuen ES | tantesanel ne paccoke ens L’ Hérault Joseph.......-+..--+-s00+: St-Valerisn saa eveetc hevweass Chevrier Edmond ......... --seeee LST SEAL eee aaeeorcert tec: Lunny JObI »....00....0eressers sensors Montreal . Lazure Emile......cc.e-cecreses sneeee Paquetteville (Compton) Allard Jacob......... .. «-++-++-+e++e|Maria (Bonaventure)...... Lecours Joseph... ...../Ste-Cécile de Milton...... Casgrain Alphonse «. Mus teverasetrwoos DMs l6titensesesnncteecteeretmante Robert Joseph...c..c.c- setecseee sevens Boucherville......... ......+ Halley Adolphe......00. . seee seas Bolduc Auguste.......2.. sees seo .|St-David de Lévis.. ........ .|St-Michel de Belipgnes Dupuis Hyacinthe ...........sceseee La Prairie......... ae Du Réau Paul...... -.cccsons ceccceees Beaupréau (France)... seneb’ Laroque REn6.....-.00.+sceeeeee cesees Montreal......... Sreiret evans Savary Charles ......0..-sscerseseses|OULAWB .-ceeeee ceecerer sees Morin Honoré Denis Albert.. Chaput Gaston. ant Duchesneau Re -mégilde .. eos sae Deserres Adrien.. Babin Joseph... Prévost Alphonse vrs {et wavadecka ize veoy| WALCLLOO.ccsnnncnatvnadeinaseal op MMMOMIELOAL i cccnaceu, seunsagenhe ‘...|Port-Joli (L’ Islet) St-Henri de Mascouche ... Sorel Ree ae REE E EE eee eeeee OREO meee oe feenee eee ee cee ee ne eeneee De Lorimier Rodolphe eg APRA ded need ta eneescsien a Ae Belanger AMtomi0.......0. sseev.ce Montreal..ccccscore scsonseover Johnston John .....+. sian OTOL. 3: eer aon ceut Fens Pee Caiaphar Pierre...... sAdagbaut oduabs MONtrelll \ivscstcc ve suctucosse | DATE OF ENTRY. July August March June August te September “ee January September ‘ October “ce bait ovember ¢ December January December January ae February “c March ce “ “ ce ce ce “ ae ce a ce “c ce “ May ac fe “ “e ‘ ’ 1898... 1898... 1899... 1899... 1889... 1899.. 1899... 1899... 1899... 1899). 1899... 1899... 1899... 1899... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... | | 1900...! 1900...) 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900 .. 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1900... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 1901... 23 22 23 25 23 19 18 3 25 29 18 15 21 16 18 16 5 6 July 1900 e 1900 * 1900 March 1901 P March 1901 February 1901 Jenna 1901 February 1901 March 1901 July 1900 August 1900 July 1900 be 1900 . 1900 es 1900 ce 1901 January 1901 P. February 1901 July 1901 Febru 1901 April 1901 February 1901 EP Sept 1900- Pp Ee P Dec. 1900. April 1901 Dec. 1900 October 1900 Dec. Nov. 1900 1900: January 1901 P October 1900 - 1960. Dec. 1900. 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Municipality of Chenier... eS cascladacekcascnvieesas ---| 104} 12 60} 126 00 50 00|/151 O7|.....-| 340 57 Chester-East . ‘ = PRG) Soto 126 00 50 00)...... sad] Gocpekeer 176 0G Chester- WeSt ....00 ccsces sscececeescooses 104) Seccers 104 00 50, OO} conten oe | beaseente 154 00 DigmWIG Koee accent etee cee Gk Back, men tee 4 ed 84 00} 42 00)..... see] 51 50) 177 60 NW SIRT EG IC yok oa conc teatatans ateunn vesaeiaaeee 126] 5 55; 126 00) 50 00) .....cce> | sescancen nie Parish of St-Albert de Warwick .. 100} 13 40; 100 00) 50 00; 10 00)....... 5 173 40 St-Christophe d’ Arthabaska.... ...|...... 1. QB) ..ecue venues | -sseee coerce] seen ats 7 94 Ste-Clotilde de Horton .............. 89]. 89.00) 44 50) cccccepmees «| 133 50 Ste-Elizabeth de-Warwick......... 105) 34 13; 105 00 50 00) ...cccconteceeeeee .| 189 13 St-Eusébe de Stanfold...............] 51/ 4799) 51 00) 25 50/276 Oi).......+. 400 50 St-Louis de Blanford..... .......2000e Bi) ial 87 00 43.50) \..-cseee «| ogee sf? Lakeet St-Norbert d’ Arthabaska..........., 91] 26 21 91 00; 45 50) O 25}........j 162 96 St-Rémi de Tingwick.. ..... .....20+ 40| 4 79) 4300) 25 00] 2 00)..... et 74 79 St-Rosaire (N.—D..du).. -....000...00. 36] 68 11; 3600) 13 00)...... Be ea cco] LRT St-Valére de Bulstrode... .......... 5 aa Bs 3 31 00 25 00} .....0..-] Agee Ste-Victoire d’ Arthabaska..........| 116} 25 99) 116 00 50° 00) .cceceeee 15 91 aS 90 1290\249 75) 1315 00) 614 00/440 23) 67 88 “2686 86 86 BaGort. Parish of SAN are 1 A CtON os cicetcs Soe cevcatn sl aebeee veces] sscoe sient ae 56 94 Ste-Christine . ...... ...<.-+« aiscaeunee +) 388 25 00) 16 49)...... = 72 28 St-Dominique... st pe Se 101 50 00) ...... se faned acves} > LOLSOD St-Ephrem d’ Upton.. cat Say Sbe wan teetes 117 50. 00) .ccsecceal een 1 SIO BE Sip HIBIGOG.. fisses excuse con suuconieesansves 102 50 00) - 107 50 00}... ..000 | sae 157 00 SESEANOING siepacee vecase Grave csesdsecseee [uacaccl owed! al veneseldenaeen cease onmenaee aedenh wean 5 12 Si-NHZAITO ne etessto=ocatavencassens spsess cole 26 GO]... Ls hep pl aie Ena Oe 7 94 7 94 IAB) cocci sane. | acces senses HEL Caieetees. ae | Meee 133 50 eS Oe ie 59 00) 105 33}...... ...00 493) 19 87| 189 13] | RSS 34 00) 32618! 7 90 6 25) 2617) 400 50 sy : SSNS 87 00 3 50 9 50 6 81} 131 81) SS a eeeess| 49°75] 90 97).........| 661) 15 63] 162 96] eee ee 15 2B|...0....| 39 99 | 515} 14 40) 14 79) De aiiecces 0) re 33 43 475! 800] 5893! 117 11] Seite LLG ene | 31 00 2 00) By OBI. dacosceeens | 58 20 . a : 8 50| 55 00| 11600} 1305) 15 38)........0 207 90) ont vuse-| 163 23} 44 75| 528 37| 1582 68/ 69 54) 109 57| 198 72| 2682 79 | ES ee eB at eae |coae avdass|....06. 941. . 66-94 EES ey iccccvnerss| 43 Bll ..cecoaesen) 6 21) 5. 3) 88), , 72 98 250] 36 50)... ...... eS Ra 101 00 200} 287) 613) 151 00 tok > ee eee 1 14 a ee 3 16 9 34) 210 27 Bats so oo) 113 50 425} 1097| 5 86 180 08 | a RS RS 107 0). sees ne: 0 25! 49 75|. 107 00) 4 cay le a fade oie faker ome cietind dicate es Bag al Met AS. css Mine niece eerce|,, 83: OO sccaincense fiersivsesee| 20 75) 79 50} ‘ ES ae Ca | eee es | 20 50} 263 50! + ee 23 00 100 00 5 00; 4500 173 00 Sa atl i ee ve 160 00 4 SER AN ae et Be ait... arco | OS. OBlicgaceicdaes|-guac..eceeo|, , 12 U1]. 124, 94) GG). 8S4 93)........-... ae. vse] 1119 21 6 25} 27 46) 25% 28) 1743 63) | | | 64 ’ STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS ‘ sejes| $2 | s | 3 | B88 | Tom egee=| 2216 | 8 |e ZAMS | om sete | / BEAUCE. | | | ¢ Municipality of Adstock... a a | 111] 53 92} 282 64] 50 00}........ | owen 386 56 AIMED «2... corcseres caseores svecesee see oe | 114] ... ....| 192 00) 50 00/123 12) 23 93) 389005 Broughton... meee seeee{ 89] 18 11] 89 00] 44 50} 36 O0feccerccse 187 61 Ditchfield and Spaulding ............. 25} 326) 3000) 2500) 5 75)... 64 01 Gay hitst=N Org ceceaceeteccs neces 30) 13 25) 36 25] 25 00) 59 61)-.. 134 11 Ps tOnceeec ee ak oes ene one 69} 47 74 76 00} 34 50/352 79)......... 511.03 Metgermette—North.. eree-| 94 3B) .enccu causes |enceesmeeeos]| (eeceeeae 94 38 Shenly... BER a 175| 55, 74] 175 00) 50. 00) ceca 280 74 Parish of Saints—Anges Breer anasto atic sone ausece iat ir IRE ae | 67.00)" 33 50} scceeeeseeeee 100 50 St-Augustin de Waburn..... ........ 26 37 39} 3000; 25 00) ....... |. | 82939 St-Benoit Labre .. sersees eee | 50) 3 63) 50 00) 25 00) .......01| serennen 78 63 St-Céme de Kennebec... -| 32) 26 04) 38:00} 25°00}seccem 5 85) 94 89 St-Elzéar de Liniére................... 117} 22 00} 11700] 50 00/719 92)........ 908 92 St-Ephrem de Tring............. vet 136] 2 86) 34405} 50 00) 7 99)......... 404 90 St-Evariste de ecb be | 100/222 415) 107 00} 50 00)-....... | .sssses. 379 45 St-Frangois.. tecceceeseecesceeees| 141] 27 40) 230 16] 50 OQ).........]-..c.ceee 307 56 St-FrOderic ...c0, scsesesacsare: ae seeveeee | 99/ 4 90] 99 00} 49° 50) --...-.- pee 153 40 Se EO | 112! 394] 113 00} 50 00] 0 33).......0)) denge St-Hilaire de Dorset..... .....0: 00. 103} 30 00; 303 00} 50 00.......... staal 183 00 St—Joseph......0.seeeeeseeser sever -eeeeeeee| 132) 50 00) 133 00} 50 00) 58 51}-........) 291 51 Cee NE) ee 141) 734} 14100! 50 00) .....2. | sesnenee 198 34 St-Martin.. ee Paptrasvent Toast | soletesealee eect aeee {yc asec eee 0 71 0 70 St-Pierre de Broughton... op A a 49| 47°28] 49°00] 25 OO| ee a : le 104, Oise oe sre - 10. 68| 167 29 i 70 00| 93 00}....+ sree 10 00} 1000) 183 00 a 166 %| ase ce Fi | eee 291 51 ae eee) Ei GO|? 1ST OD) ccecekecs banca ] Leal Os al f=) io a, ° Ayo = 2) = aS | | feet) 17 00)............ Feast betet TOD) ccasar sxueee | 200/ 6 33| 72 33) Bete | 24 50).........0 82 80) scksessecis | 5 70} 40 00| 153 09} Miata) 33.75 ee yi) ee | 250} 44 45| 257 70 eet S00 00),.........-.|...... 0. 82 84; 900| 954] 1212] 143 50| | a ee 50 00) 261 25) 22 75] 14 49)............ | 348 49 ES) Fee 10200]! 15 58) 12 46) .secsvseree | 169 89) | Spa 43 00 72 00] © 5 80| 9 OB) esse. ssaeee 130 78 Te ae ESE Ia a 70 30| 70 30 mao) 28° 00)...... ..... et hari 85 50} 1165) 1069) 2 76) 141 00 Bega), AT 32).........4. le aan 101 00)....... a--| 150). 36 33] 166 15 Sees.) | §«64e00)............ : AG GOERS cusp lecsnias hones 26 05) 82 05) 2 40} 195 92) 6750, 50 00| 1047 48 64 78) 68 86) 238 34) 1735 28 a se 20 00} 88 53 9 02 992} 15 44) 142 91) Bede cannes 30 OC} 50 00)............ 369 29} 5 00| 33 22| 18 59) 506 10) ST) eS 333 95) 1538] 1009} 5 71| 377 13 ST 2, 00). .2.. 0000: |...20- scene 37 00 9 50 5 37| _ 25 10) 108 97) a Se P 69 00| +5 50) 7 66} 80 23) 162 39 See S350) 22 00) .......... 67 51 2 ee 6 27] 7 38| 139 78 as eee : 30 00}......+..-| 2 10] 48 37). 80 47 Se a 95 46 300| 624 33.52] 166 22 a ee na Wesccege eee 20 50) 20 50 | ES Ena AS ay, See 4 98 w+-| 124 00 RR — DP iisss.----| 135 50) 7200; 61 65| 1168 56) 5052; 85 85| 254 84) 1828 92! 4 EE ee ee ie a Ot ee en re 35 291. 35 29 ce cce-s| 125 00) cc... .200- OL et 2] [oe ae aay et ier ae 347 85 Peel 9 GO. ........- fee 27 20 2 50 (seem eee 63 00 el coon cases |seceevennce> | cocacecvcses|cccons seones Wag kL BOL 22 Lari eater |accses sence: | .conve -osse-|sooses senees| consee sasees 16 30) 16 30 | SS ee oe 67 00} 38 71} 0 25} 36 86) 141 82 eee 339 59} 42 30 | eee ee | 499 65 ET 15) 00)... secece|.2ovee ences 268 00|/ 25 00| 750| 1377) 329 27 SS SES ee 175 00} 26 03) 2 82| saver sseees| 241 92 MUMMIES noses apne: conene |. ocaes cuese- B24 18] 26 75)... eaves | 43 46) 594 39) ETT TES OO} ...055 cnvns|.oscee seeses 1373 77| 158 79} 14 07| 110 39| 1824 35 eases —- —— -—————_ = ——_—_—_—_—_— — — ae — 68 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS RECEIPTS te ee ae Se 28 rs : 2 | a counties © os | cee mt = y 25 Pier ys a Ss | 38 | Total B's [eee eae o See zee | a a \6 | CHAMPLAIN. / e Parish of Notre-Dame-—du-Mont-Carmel..... 71| 35 22) 77.00) 38 50)... coco -| 160 73 Ste-Anne-de—la—Pé:ade............+. | 74) 21 50} 218.22). 3% 00)\..ccneaeeeeee 276 TE a St-Francois-Xavier—de-Batiscan.| 88) 50 00; 115 00) 44 00).........]....... 209 00 Stiicisy Stn ae ee on | 102]......5{ 102 00) . 50 O0)...caeoieeuemmm 152 00 © St= Maurice aves oe oc ora sees Seo sence 108] .....0.- 135.00) 50 00))ccctseoieecres -| 185 00 — St-NAECISHE: Licsen-cencoctbccectaas ces | 1.25) cacewnaee 125.00; 50:00)--.cocoiteeseeene 175 00 St- Prosper... ...:...,2:00.c000 ce-ceser os-ve | 108] 10 30) 153° 50) “50, 00)838 14]. ticaasene |? le Rmeee St-S@vGrin .....000.. wseeneees neces sesss| 76] 6.26] 76 00/ (38 OO) Ve «| 120 26 Gi Silaninl age oo. ocaccseuscee | 114} 14 95} 362 70} 50 00) 17 65) .......| 445 30: Sie TRbble ok S se eeeec RBs eee 41] 12 50}, 396.04) 26.00). .ceeee «she |) Aap St-Théophile...... penusdtacesteescy aaneda } 73) 15 78) 82.00): 36.50). coi svscee |) oe eae ScTite... see caasesee| 202] 6 72) 464.00) 50: 00/1562°02ieeeee »| 2082 94 Visitation de Champlain Sabecat tastes DA) eacrces 212 00} - 50: 00)ec:2eccn|aeueeeeen 262 00: — | — ; ree ee —_—_——* = 1332)163 23) 2518 46) 369 00/1618 Of)......... 4868 70 7 CHARLEVOIX. aa — — — Parigh of L’ Ass. de N.-D. des Eboulements} 101)......... 338 83] (50, 00) Zee seoormdl es ORO Ee Ste SAPMGs csi ts eek o cengeese Weoscuadeera 111) 4 65] 541 10) 50 00}. oes webeed 595 75 St-Etienne de la Malbaie.. “| 78| 60 29 78 00| 39 00/604 20) ........} 781 49 St-Fidele...... podsesies combenaeay sn: smear 110} 36 50) 158 51 50. 00}....«scuamaiiee osaceti|-+ AOD eOe St-Hilarion de Sherington ......... 107} 1 96} 265-60). 50:00) .2aveajereeeamne 317 56. SiSRvGiies o-ceves- ceesncsaeidecen ssecnene 82; 20 13; 164 00 41 00} 8 00).........; 233 13: St-Louis de L’Ile aux Coudres...| 56) 26 50} 8200) 28 00} ........].. aucune 136 50 St-Pierre, St-Paul dela B,St-Paul] 103, 0 12) 363 31) 50 00)........ sone | 1S aoe St- PIAGideycstev.stocsets pects dtevieccesouae 81) Weed: lont8t 00) 40 50} .......- ooowass|\) ee OONE StS CON) s shee .clne cent eceacareeweneeees PALS 30 53) . 30 00) | 25 00) .......0|cccwseume| eenmren St-UPbait, Labiscseeccccevnesven coangnsar ad Ek we: |seeee 27 00}....jsses) eamev «| 27 00 911/180 68) 2102 35) 450 50/612 20) .2...2. 3345 73- CHATEAUGUAY ‘ea ——S | Parish of St-Jean ChrysostOme........ ses Be OY: Ree | 106 00} 50 00).....-0. see cess] 156 00° > St-Joachim..... al uaws hee Weceinen pyaoe Wey }| Sate | 38 00} 25 00/170 76)..... ee es ay (5: Stes Martine esce oc siedebeccete -| 51) 20 7x 51 00) 25 50) 23 00)...... | 120 2 Ste=P HOM GNCs ices: bo seevenc. sansbeer 37; 22 80} 37.00) 26 00) 9 00) ccc 93 80- SEU PBs ase ce 5) Srveses setcuddsvace spalex |kavean] POO OO lcnstmekeda av) docaeneaunee oeeueven}) #ueeneae 56 19 CHICOUTIMI. | 230| 99 77; 232 00] 125 50/202 76] ....... 660 03 Municipality of Bagotville.....s.s00 sssesse weove| 62) 41 84| 62-00] | 31-00) uaa 134 84 re CO Se Ee ae Leeal Sl | _:48 00|" 26 00}...t.ceeu)aumene i | Oe ORECOUU Ds bxasecach skew deunssovecras ceanas lil) 14 “40, 111 00 50 00/2821 74)...... «| 2497 14 Grande-Baie........ . tie ediel cae dindn 101} 46 50} 101 00} 50 00) ......., | -enree | 197 50 K6m0gaii....0...ccceces seve snteee ones | 30) 38 36] 54-00) 25 00)...20 acs | sedevess |") UL St-Jean ....co.c0s sseveeusserecens vo eevee] 72/ 66 53] 72 00] 30 00/546 1S) seeune) ne TrenDlAy : <; atts) ccsvenaePaeres, -soontiti 113} 61 18} 216 00} 50 00)1861 55)....... «| 2188 73 Parish of Notre-Dame de Laterriére.........../ 126) 71 46 126 00) 50 00/635 42/ .-..... | 882 88 St-Dominique os Fonquidres. 107) 1 26) 107 00} 50 00/630 70}.....-..) 788 96 St-Fulgence .....s00. cessor scores coees 26 150) 31.00; 25 00/336 00) «++... 393 50- 718/343 03) 928 00] 392 00/63)1 64) «0 | 1904 57 69 CLUBS FoR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1900 EXPENDI TURE a ao os © 2 ERE Ts) ae Se joe2|2e2| 23 | o2| 2 | She | 88. meee so |osgs| os a4 = S22 | aac | Total REMARKS ae SS 8-5 Payee =x m ree | | Cag = 6 4 o not Sen Sy O# Ss oF c a aed Re) Ao 4 7) = ae 3 | } | | EE se llevases sa0n0- Besewin ose eee ee Wee ccecriid | hg, Peers pada cardids 150 72, 150 72 No report. Magis... hs Bitieccshe 211 11} 1825) 911) 1025) 276 72 ht ee 50 00) 115 00)............ 100, 4300) 209 00 SPL 1G BO)... 0...) ......-00000 > 94/81 ae 9 57| 2827) 152 00 : “Se 20 | eh hc} Sb Goes a2 13 95 3 80) 185 00 es SOD i ssense eves 125 00} ..... 2000] 5 00 13.00) 175 00 Satie ccnnes MM iecads.,ssss| cscoee.cearee| 159 89 1 65 DONA is Fe 241 94 : eae OM Vokzeahi sce, | svces csonce 74 Of 2 00, 0 25) 2630 120 26 eiyccyjcocss|.0s008 sees 64 18) 362 70)....0..00+ [e000 oo | 18 42) 445 30 S|) 32 O0|.........00. pets, SOG GAN Betas ics eo emery | 433 54| ae | } 2250) 71 83 7 28} 1080) 21 87| 134 28 a i) feats seal) -2OZGU22 brecsseeee ses hota senbaene 31 72) 2082 94) Meee!) 10.00) 33 00)............ 192°36) 2 00). 10-64) ...0.- s.s0s0 | 262 00) "506 194 21| 9500) 136 68| 3964 00, 31 18) 95 22) 347 35) 4868 70 ee ee oe eee | | | | | | ee FO'23) :.......... Rees) | 28°50] 338° 29| vce steee 771 410) 388 83) tees} 50 00)............ cee p41 lascspetemhl 04 QbleeeMecoul 595 75) Sen) 100 O0)...2.-......|..........0- GOR “54li-:.) 28 72 75 7 20| 781 49) J 140 20 9 74, 21 59| 2700) 245 01 ES eee 24 00] 265 60).........06 372} 24 24) 317 56] Me...| 25°00) ... 26 50) 164 00)....00..... 8 00} 9 63| 233 13) a... | ea LGPT5|"— S2V00ft cee ce 119} 3716] 136 50 I ae eee 363 31) 300) 500) 0 12) 413 43) iz’ fee 8) 34) ......,...- 28 00 81 00 4 00] .s000.s0i0e] csceeccseee] 121 60! Be ..| 21 52).......:.... 33 60|........| 4 52| 25 991 85 53! el es i es eee heasdbuccs [capaotuneit | OF 00) 27 00\No longer in opera, : 10 39) 225 34) 68 00| 123 15) 2610 54) 16 74) 129 13| 162 44) 3345 73 | | Se GG. 00).,..........|....0-..... 87 58 200! 1642) 1200) 156 00 ee eves 800} 1100) 190 26)...... <8" 441/ 14 31| 233 76 Se S300) 55 95). .... ......|..000. woes 6 83} 913) 15 37] 120 28) a ath 63 30, 1900; 368! 3236; £446) 9380 Sete [dese chsnot |eanaveasted feoviuaredae' | BEG! VEO NGI 74 30) 296 84) 1251) 33 32) 102 33) 660 03! 35 90) 45 00! 7 72|. 1743) 28 79) 134 84 SRC) ee | 48 OO]... 157 360) 7300 ih. 42 00] 2402 74)... cess | 36 20) 6 70| 2497 14 ae 20°00} = S080) ee ac. | 1150) 5000) 197 50! Rehab evan 701) Sie Se ea (eh [1) RS 9 441 3192) 117 36 ri 10 00/ 12650) 22 00] 618 13)............| 5 71| 652 32] 720 66 Te | 2067 55} i8 25) 1005). 42 88! 2188 73 SS ee 25 00} 761 42!..;.........| 1498} 81 48] 882 88 ; 54 00} 682 89]...........| 2781) 24 26) 788 96| weve] 367 00) EBD 2 OO cceren reccas 393 50 Seseevecess.} 8200! 908] 198 90) 7136 73) 27 47| 136 69 321 95) 7994 57) 70 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS U _— rane curs ee |e : £lg-8| 38 | 2 | 3 | 28 | Total 5 alae a nN Y } ° = Compton. : e Municipality of Auckland. ....ccc. cepeaceetcace uteenters V9} ceeetsns 119 00} 50 00} ........|.:scesese} ee Geen St-Edouard of Frampton............ T1| 93 80) 71.00) 35 50).........) ciissen -| 200 30. Ste-Hénbdiniedsscciwieeiescseee Pioewenk 86) 28 24 89 00 43 00} 60 00)......... 220 24 PUPHIBIGOLO: soscduacacssupanebieeies escent 129) 33 41) 129 00 50-00} 0 50) .... Ne Le Dicteeses Ste- Brigitte de Monnoir. . 79| 19 71 St-George de He snryville .. Lash yaxdaxh LOB sciedans St-Grégoire le Grand......... see OB 128) 75 8 00) 3) WB ecenn excite k Come | 2 x | ———— eee 49 35} 114 85| 118 23) 58 65) 75280) 25 20/ 46 51) 289 30| 1454 89| eee 74 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERW’ FARMERS’ CLU3S (By counties) RECEIPTS Sales | & 2 ae = my I) Om — oe AD =m = = bh) 23(|838| 28 5S S | BS | Total 3 s False RD nie Parish of Parish of JACQUES—CARTIER Ste-Anne du Bout de 1’Isle......... Ste CHO VIE VG ebreats: -rcoereuiin conan she St-Raphaé! de l’Ile Bizard......-++. JOLIETTE Le Bienheureux Alp de Rodriguez St-Ambroise de Kildare........ ..... Sie— RewbEEKaescaceecssncaresint cnartrianaeen St-Charles Borromée......... -..seeee- St-Cléophas de Brandon.. St-Come.. ere Nae siccwas'd Ste— Elizabeth . Mireauaiaiocsesicawe ce xakis Ste-Emélie de I’ Energie...........+.. Sc-Félix de Valois........ RS pe St-Jean de Matha... Ws seen sedees Ste—Mélanie. . baat Mee eats St-Paul de Lavaltrie. Cee dSceenslecenes St-Thomas de Jersey Nord .. ...... KAMOURASKA Municipality of Pohénégamook........ sree seco seeeee Parish of N.-D. de Liesse de la R. Ouelle... N.-D. du Moat Harel sdedenmbvaccne St-Alexandre.. eolsitdawuepmeares StOA Wed 6 pede cccydee eens naeoe ceeccees: St-Denis.. Susesanancoewes Ste- Héldne.. St-Louis de Kamouraska.., St-P aoc ss-.isvn Batencttaresiaceesverd SEP asic alten asiisshasdannzacsereesasea St-Philippe de NEri......ccce coe coves 96| 9 64 96 00} 48 00)......... +s esaccael uae 120} 51 95} 120 00) 50 00) 2 75).......0: 224 70 108) 39 96} 123 20 50.00). L148) cco «| 214 30 Ain excens 32/00) 25700) <.-c su eeueeaen 57 00 46, 8 00; 46 00 25 (00):.2.000esi] nueeeaaes 79 00- VERA eae baee 122 00 BON 00) yepascexs 0 88| 172 88 198} 1 52) 373 00 50 00) 56 00)......... | 480 52. 134) 11:00) 134 00; 50> O0)...... 0.) .oeeeeee 195 00. 105} 0 25) 105 00; 50 00) 10 00)... 165 25 193} 0 72) 198 00) 50 00; 2 00) 7% 20) 257 92 102) 9 51) 102,00) 50°00)... ... ce eeeeeees | 6 Si 118) 14 61) 118 00 50 00/698 06)... .....| 880 67 135} 75 72) 135 00 50 00] 1 AT) ..-cemns, 262 19: 1499/222 88) 1704 20) 598 00/771 42) 8 08) 3304 58 D2) ..ceccave 52 00 26.00} ossmenes 6 65 84 65 109} 18 17); 135 24 50 00) 45 23).......0 248 64 102} 17 35} 102 00; 50 00) 12 00)......... 181 35 173| 58 29) 223 00) 50 00 331 29 55) 189) 55 00 ZTE DO evsanesl 3.31); s8ieae TQA) ccs ceases 104 00 50 00} 52 50} 25 40; 231 90 1591 \eranses 160 75 50 00)... ...cc0)\ trceneee «| 210 75 124) 35 04; 135 3] 50 00] 10 29)......00. 230 64 37, 10 75 89 55 25 00} 11 66)......... 136 95. BG| scecaree 63 00 29 00; 5 00 . 97 00 142} 51 61) 183 00 BO 00} ....-c000 | coves «| 284 61 104; 13 21) 163 00 50 00). ssevcce| seveewe «| 226 21 1219)206 31) 1465 85} 507 50/136 67| 35 36) 2351 69- 75 a ss CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1900 EXPENDITURE a ~ Os @ 4 ] { ' 5 { ee |ee2|sc2| #3 | «2 | 2 [see | 8ae! es |g2s\eas!| ee | 28 So |+288 | 278 |? otal REMARKS Beetes |5c08| Fs | 68 2 | 8aq | eno a Ws) aS A, ° 5 n Of | Ag MPM eces|| voecc veces! | gaaae’ sandse|senev-«vroas tsttetesses leseeeeseeees| 148 82, 164 00 No Report. SE eee 6 50 3 00 066) 4404). 55 00 LA ae oe 42 00} 16 00)...........| 104 00 705} 332) 2600; 198 37 ——— FO OO OOO OS SO | | } 1598) 4200) 16 00)............ 110 50] 1005; 398] 218 86| 417 37] AC ee 84 48 3 25) 1239) 5 52| 153 64 Hee... I Pe 725) |ivevesive'asss 120/50 |heascowcene | 468] 41 77} 224 70] 01 eS 118 55) 1300| 12 79) 24 96) 214 30 ee EAs sa028« | no daes access SPH OG ls chteet 3 1-00 | vasa ente | 57 00} ee TO OD cptscrtallintece\- aenas 79 00 aroni 25,00) 21 00)...... ... 112 00 9 00 3 93 | 172 88 |) a 373 00 370} 17 00 3 32) 480 52 Ree.) 2850) = 22 00) 122 TS... ...00 ie (| ee. . | 195 00 epee 76 15 215 ae 52 50/ 18 15 7 35 140 165 25 Briswinn 3: 52 00 198 00) ...00. i... Re een | 257 92 ay ae 103 10 5 25 3 42 6 09} 161 51 BI avsves 30 00 2s ae 778 94, 27 16} 1000) 3457) 880 67 | ES RSG. OO lasses stead areas | 78 19| 262 19) ~ 395] 480 65| 110 60| 22 00| 2309 85| 79 51| 102 20 195 82| 3304 58) rr . —— Pia crea ee i | Be | cc 5 P SIGHT Cy B2UOO|W ee eal ea comaveseril Neder hector | = 84 65) es 1 ae 10 00) 202 36 2 05 5 00/ 123) 248 64 Riss Sees ee 750) 1000} 102 03) .......... 5 42) 56 40 181 35) Govechicvpen Bers vedsee vicve's Poaealeesonatl| neem ences lecaldaeswete | Venessencee | 331 29) 331 29) No Report. a 34 00 BS Ad ia ik Ra ae | 87 70] eee 7 eee 96} 78 ance TES feds sncucs 231 90 Bi. a 162 14 8 04 Se eee ves] 210 75 ees 41 75} 143 03 600) 357 3629) 230 64 a: a ee 79 97 6 50| 1617| 2181) 136 95 | 10 00] 58 O8}........00- 8 21| 1781) 97 00 ME cssccsss-.| 50 75) 35 00] 179 DA] .ccccccsaces . 300) 1592) 284 61! Beasts. a 15 00! 163 00 150) 16 50 6 71) 226 21] | } | DP SS | 290} 98 08} 209 40) 154 40) 1292 67 24 09) 82 69| 487 46) 2351 69} ee tient ee | | ; 76 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ | RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS says i (By counties) 3s S3.| fx = 2. (ae 25|g8| 26 3 3 | oS e) otal 8 o =i a= a =| aay Seas D la 1S l Lake St-Joun. | ° | Municipality of Albanel ............ aR oc Suse Be dzat au 1 64] 36 50) 25 00)......c0.]. socce, 63 14 Hétertville .. Pe ereceven| macet GOD 144 0 +am0:] vosers]| es suencen| de anebllsenor| teaseeaannea|| Remeceane 0 03 0 03 St-Gbdbeete 6.0 eee ces (i ae 109 00) 50 00).....scse! ave wee| 159 00 St-JORQMG ees seh cetdeccaeustaess wetes 226| 5 68; 226 00 50 /00)-<-see<5 58 32) 340 00 St—Joseph @’ Alma. ......... cece. eeeeee Se PRESS Sa 842 53) 250 00) ........].....0000)) dagen St-Louis de Métabetchouan........ 100} 41 00} 100 00) 50 00) ........] ....s0e 191 00 St PH iesve ccna Se Wa suet db sacssecccest 105) 74 36) 128 00 50 00] .....ce0 |e veccss}in eee St-Thomas d’ Aquin........... ssseeee 141} 8 67) 141 00 5!) 00)... sess] -coceueun!) ene Mission of N.-D. de la Riviére aux Dorés......} 33) 23 50) 33.00) 16 00) 34 67)........| 107 17 St-Henri dePéribonca............... 26] 10 03} 37°00} 25 00) 68 32)..... eon} 140 35 St-Michel de Mistassini.......... ....|.ee0-. TORU Rhee caeeeed esas Saeek | aeserecer be 75 11 1464|733 23) 2237 03) 832 50\1909 59) 58 35) 5770 70 LAPRAIRIE. Parish of Bit—-O ot anit 5,..ctvss, ceavtelug scones eokses 31] 61 96} 31.00} 25 00).........) .... eooe| 117 96 St-Isidore .. Schoo cosicneaes i aon were aoe 51 00 25 50) <...-.05 | sevekbe es 81 45 St-Jacques Ne Mifehir’ stn 2. 37| 60 90| 3900) 25 00, 4 50) 11 85) 141 25 She lin Myre ey Soe oeean prea mecee beta: AQ F138) monceaespees|le-aenshepans|| Reece «| sasncee «| 20 13 119147 94, 12100 75 60, 4 50| 11 88) 360 79 L’ ASSOMPTION Parish L? EB pia “Die......0asse s- wosecesee| LOT. Be ESD | noces ceapie | 757 93| 100] 33 85 | ae | 15.00] 20 00} 286 3Y}........4..-| 9 00 ES es ee | 957 06] 3120) 47 85 Nec | eases sacees sc all eae eens PR, Re Pee aes Set) 60 00),..... ...... ea ages (st Ai) aa Bes, Cea 3 102 00} 91 00) 120 00)... .....-| 27 00 Se ves] 814 03] 278 50 e.:| 49 00| 41 00} 10000} 1 00)............| ESS ee | 63 00] 128 00)............ 7 88 tere aes | 4600} 14100} 100; 465 a ae | 1500) 58 50 {| 6 02 Seen 35 00),........... liedecasben ||’ GOR EMa pide. :teccns Pee toa i 0 03) 238 75) 212 00) 276 00; 3799 56) 319 14; 160 01 SS ee ———S= ————————— recone sevees BUND ecenes cesnns'|'csen-enones SUIUO Cwseaecns Il 25 Pessasavesn |scooe scerts|ccvesscceces 37 00 38 25 1 95 4 25 SeeSeaae-es'|cesoms cooee 130 00) .-.c0ecseeee | coeeee eens 1 25 10 00 eRe © memes FREE Bee e Hemme ee THEE ET HERE EE EHH EER (owe eeH wees FER EEH EEE EE . 2 11 50} 1600} 107 00]...... ....| 21 00 a ae 25 00)...0.. ...00 Fete Dh aA Oho kts BBO ae eee tr) | 4500; 7400} O70} 315 ae 71 35} 53 00| 48 50)......... 12 10 cones. | cacnscceseep laccenn cosees Beer ae acts, emeeet :60 00) ........... 25 00| 107 00| 325) 55 ft 25 25 47 00| 103 00)... .... 7 75 wai 24 00| 19 00)............ 37 00| 682) 21 35 res 26.50} 4350) 2000; 4005) 1025) 16 45 1 02} 150 75| 145 35] 213 00, 56065| 2102) 92 85 ee La 2700} 29 25) 153 05 0 30 6 21 SPUN ERG hcdas spaces | cocsscoeees 45 00) 42 00} cos ..aee 3 85 Baits: dacsh. 28 00) faeobn,txsese 19 00, 107 00 9 15) 1 00 0 Eee Skebeasecs 25 00; 150 00 66 60} 10 75) tees seneees AZ 00] ...001 seco 8 00; 169 09 4 00 27 39 a 1 64 70 OC) 27 00) 126 25) 621 14; 8065) 49 20 4 05 314 | 385 44) 385 44 3 32) 123 80 a ddaaeaboe | 171 00) 6 29) 874 07 3 00} 333 39 215 00| 215 00 11 53) 1047 64 saseen sooeee 0 03) piers rN 159 00 3140 00 | 1092 53 Ls sc unaeeen 191 00 | 53 48) 252 36 7 02! 199 67 0 96) 107 17] | | 140 35 | Tied Lh ie | | 55 71) 117 96 x «itn Seen w| 141 25] 20 13) 20 13 Sy ae 3Q 56) 153 41| 50 59) 235 54) me. 1 02 | 199 75] 33 69] 216 69) 10 32) 1i8 49) 167 91] Epi aial hake Lt 152 83] 1337 47 So cca 771 22) 168 07 eae eer eres 252 35 0 13} 250 61 TT 35) 1053 23] REMARKS 78 —————— STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS S2loe 3 2 3 (By counties) B2/°ha| £2 ‘= 2» ee 2sle-%| Bo s = | S& | Total Polar! 2s oO 3 or SS = les) S Dp N a LEvIs. Parish of N.—-D. de la Victoire.......... ...-+0-- Pec We Re ne 47°00) (25.00) osc ccc peoeeeeee 72 00 S:-David de ei ies ah Oy. 39} 3.80) 40 00 25 00) ~~ .ccccst eee 68 80 St-Etienne de Lauzon.. pokdceeell 1 OTe etao 37 00 25° 00) 2c. oveswsl peeeeeees 64 95 St-Henri de Lauzon.. | 116] 0 29} 121 00 50 00} 70 50) 410) 245 89 St—Joseph de la Pointe-Lévis.. eas 40| 37 35} 4000} 25 00)........ ouseunsy'| vN GQ aemetEs SEINE ceccorcee ee eoe tenon can erase IT) Ab Sa ES oe 50 00} 3 33)..... over | ODM SHS NICOLAS con teee thewlece cones hoe saane| SEDO] EO rae 85 00 42 50) 13. 32) cecunees 149 32 475| 94 23} 481 00) 242 50) 87 15} 4 10; 908 98 L’ ISLET. Parish of N.-D. de Bons. de L’Islet...........- y BLY) Ie a 203 (00) 25000) -...2.c25))?een scsee| ROSHOR SHE ANHIOPE : iteceetes so onees aroseencs: canaeel| MLD] toe aptee os 78 00 37 BO). cccccaes| anes 115 50 St-Cyrille...cccce.. cseerne seresees Baty NOW| eossess 107 00} 50 OO) .0.c.c-- |coapeeees 157 00 St—-Hugene, -secaccca: sive oe eceseess aacene | 151] 42 74) 249 15) 50 00) 33 25) 4 96) 380 10 St- Tea IGhErd Gliese oe ccc aee Sed 103} 7 18] 165 30 50 00] :..ccsse |eceuene 222 48 Ste Wine socc: cpaskcnasenle tot eaee oat nee 28) 57 67 49 50 25 00}.--.. Pret o> aos poe St- Martebinccse srencsecas wttescensazans 65| 35 28] 65 00 22) 5O)'sc3.25.0 Alaa os] Lass Si—Pamphile......... cceeve vonseeee: seeeee | 68| 51 93 68 00 34 00/140 98)......... 294 91 Ste—Perpetue..... 00> «cscecsees cconencees Sew Levesees 86 00 35. 50) 3 OO} tecceeme 124 50 St-Roch des Aulnais...........-cseree | 34; 15 39) 106 50 25.00} -|, 208° 00 15 85) 14 00) edb aaiel, Lae Rasa ..0.! 40 00) Se dg a hi idavas axones 35 00 2 00 7 52) 17 83) 102 35 Bee ALS oe | 34 00, 10 00, 10 00; 111 00 14 72 2 00} 23 95| 205 67 a | 54 10. BGO) a= csegnen | 4 86 4 76) 149 32 | } SS ee eee 109! 111 25| 146 79, 6410 45595) 3557| 3496) 5927 908 98 Bs se TT 30 00) 186 26)...00..0000 16 74). 1. weses| 253 00) eG OO) .......-... Pearans op tC) aS 013) 2365) 115 50) Ee loczose cone: |-00.02-n----| 106 00}........00-| 026] 41 19! 157 00) eek c4.. ye 18 S8. 4:00)" (er spp Laces! | 380 10) ule | ce a) a Re Te 400} 652) 5 16] 222 49) eS ae ee 11) 34,1 49 50). were] 3 99-26 43) 132 17) Deiat [ S2 BO)............| 60 00 2 00 5 00} 33 28] 132 7%] oan ae Ll es | 208 98)....0. cose 902} 31 16] 294 91) eit fics Pee! . 5.00) 3000) 81 00 100) 525 2 25) 124 56) eo ach ut velseseaeseses) 106 50)...... see | 5 50} 34 89) 146 89} 7 EE —————_———_ ae Se 18 27 136 75) 119 26) 94 14 1316 90, 11 00} 65 00) 198 01) 1959 33 | | | ER crealcdeons | once sence, | onses snens 1 WC) Beemer | 12 25) 48 29) 178 00} seteenseses | tevarsceses) ceeeeeses) ceeeeceeeee | sees seeees [secsesereee | econ seeeee | 182 00; 182 00\No report. ees PRE BO |oene cnsneen|-reerseoeee| 214 95 5 00 192} 10 32) 259 69) oe ee ae Phat ae strasd odcacanidadsntfectne ene 291 2 91) 250; 24 00)..... a ak 50 | Re 250) 31 00} 206 00) . 55 00... araeetasens [ied OU yanaasier dens 3 81) 18 94) 200 75/ eee 100 50|:..........., 5 75) 132 00) 65 00j...........{ 16 35] 259 60} 024 10 00 00) 10) 00]. 26 /65|'S.. ce ...5es 8 75} 24 8) 8&7 49) Be iiss...) 31 00)........000. | “B43 98) .cketin.| ates, antes | DO SREb ae wrveescesten) 15 OO)sssessre000-/ 15 00/ 108 00) 3 00) 16 30/14 40) 171 70) Oe eee eae 61 98 595} 465) 24 35) 105 18) a) 108 00} 3400) 12 00)............ | 379 00) 39 50 362 40) 5 00} 2 50} 11 98) 421 33) SS ee 17 75| 98 46, 55 00] 237) 28 70] 202 28 svse| caveersveee| 14 20) 13 00) 211 13) neces sseeee 737/44 71) 290 41) 2 74) 271 50| 285 45, 61 50, 2054 01| 112 95) 74 42| 472 80| 3335 37 { | | pare | | | | | | | | | | 8 0 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS OT aRE ae i Su 28 a. = 2 y countl eiSZaQa a e "es Oo 22/8_3] 25 = | 3 | S$ | Total ge(sc7| 32) Oo 1a zE|"S | @ 29a ) MASEINONGE. : | Parish of 56> ALGxI8.. ns censsognosnandeoanney enaadeer LT eaten / 97 75) [hale St-Ant. de la Riv. du Loup......... | 127] 11 85} 147 00) és St-Charles de Martigoche............| 55| 0 45) 60 00) StH Id aGe: . fe cec mosesccwteeee cence codons es 16) 120 00) St-Joseph de Maskinongé........... ie A0) area | 412 09} NORE PSD Chr ieee ee Re eS eee 156) 70 00; 156 00, St éon: le (Grand csccteesccocscsccces | WO2) ccopecaen) key SiPaalin s.r ecards 104 54 00) 104 00 863/139 46| 1198 84! 376 00/362 23)........ 2076 53 MEGANTIC. a a ya —_ —_ — | Municipality of Irland-North..s.. seseessceseseeeee Dees bee. 00 31 00 susie rene 98 00 TiG@@ Glens cscs hedec sabenccdsmaecan nneeames 130; 82 85 135 00 50 00) 97 00)..... weas'| | (SG4nG Er Tice Hast: becccsciasys Haceseebes | oo 75 00} 35 50| 92 90) ....... 203 40 Thetford—NOrehe. a sscas. cacatvas caccvcennl SA) eeaecws 34 00) 25 00) aevsuctr'| 7ceeeem 59 00 PREGGO 50 TILER. mans Mec Coca nary ch nanen: eats. een 32 00 25:00) °.2scoasei) Seeenee ae 57 00 Halifax N Or thisecs paces >: danuscu>sccscases| ey AS accor 45 00 25° 00] 1) ‘%b)paweeee Ti 75 Halifax—South ......2-0 ccc. ceseessoseee| 61] -s0cncee- 67 00 33° 50) ....d.00) eee 100 ‘50: Parish of Ste—Anastasie de, NelSOM ...00 Parish of Gap St-lenace x neces pccesess eee 72/ 12 59} 72 00} 36 00) .........| ---.ssees 120 59 N.-D. du Rosaire ....... .c.sessesseee 50/ 14 70} 5000) 25 00) 0 69) -..... 90 30 St-Ant. de I'Isle aux Grues.........| 86) 39°86|' 86 00) 43 00|-..ssese.| eee ve | 168 86 St-Frs. de Sales, South River...... | 75)104.24].° '75. 00). » 37550) -cc.csecl commen 216 74 St-Pierre, South River.............. | 66) 31 95) . 77 50}. 33 00) 9 25)......... 151 70 fens | es | — a | rae 34; 469 70) 220 00) 9 85) 0 35) 903 24 MoNTMORENCY. her —S —— Parish of L) Ange-Gardien 0... sesso osessee | 52) 1235! 75 00] 26 00) 54 03! 1 77| 169 15 Ste-Anne de eee sha saueuh ct Bis ehee [DU bas be vavas | 39 00} 25 00)......00- |scome son) Rn Ste-Brigitte de Laval .... .........) 37) 919) 3700) 25 00) 0 60)........ 71 79 St-Féreol. 3 RA fa DEE beet 07 4 ck 00} 25 00) .. eee 75 61 St-Prancois de Sales..ccs.sc. sss | 371 O77] (37.00). 25 OO|...., cc 62 77 St-Jean-Baptiste the octet acts cose ee: 6 Been | 63 00 25 00) .s.c0: osclleseneuian 88 00 St—JOachims:haxtte.<.es'csecnes, senses | 45) 75 00} 45 00) 25 00 5 00......... 150 00 pared FAT ean) 1 hay pe Sk eeneanes Sa « Bata A |. 32) 0 %2) (32°00). 25°00).-s ace 67 72 St-Pierre & St-Paul............--.--0- | 48) 26 50} 48 00) 25 00).........) .cccsue: 99 50 St—Tite dea Gaps Ge 52 2 foe | 54 35.09 5400) 2700) 1 00)...... | 117 09 Vis. du Chateau Richer........ ..... | 106) 15 61) 106 00} 50 00).. ree free ci) Ste—MamwABle 2s os cesses ted nntacocs | 100; 0 89) 100 00; 50 00 10 ‘00. coowuaas | LOO TES | 619/181 73) 681 00, 353 00) 70 63) 1 77 1288 13 NAPIERVILLE. — Pema enNeS Was OS —_— | ; Parish of: St-Cyprien de Delery...c.u--ss0) 62) 51 40) 62 al 31 00| 10 00)........| 154 40 $3 tH OME Foote Sot cone scetb Boeocseees | 115) 52 20) 117 00) 50 00).........| s.-00e| 219 20 St—Michel sass.) mwedvecsiaes liens waeteea | 121) 61 92] 122 00}. 50-00)... a)eeeeee 233 92 St-Patrice de Sherrington.. ........| 108) 13 94) 108 00} 50 00).........}.....00 -| 294 St-Rémi de LaSalle.......... ac seen — 5T 092) 57 00) 28 BD) sees. | seereeees 86 42 463 180 38) 466 00} 209 50} 10 00 weveatwna 865 88 NICOLET. ae a —— —-—— Parish of Nativité de Bécancour ...............; 32) 22 10} © 32 00) 25 O0l.........)... Ste-Angéle de Laval...2.........e 28)-..-..-.-| 30 00) 25 00 Ste-Brigitte des Saults.......... 2.06. _ 66 2747) 66 00) 33 00 St—CBlestin, ..-scvssevierviwcnoretrecveess 93, 55 09, 9300) 46 50).. St-Edouard de Gentilly... .........00-/s-e0e |e] BRR | asad \caan Bite TDA... 4 vsneve: exist castes. sack 102) deine | 102 00} 50 00).. Ste—Gertrude.... cc. senses epecsecse| BSI castes: | 3300} 25 00 St—-GrBParee... vpick-d- so -ncnpsatese=s ov ness 79| 59 69; 7900) 39.50) St-J -B. de Nicolet... ...............-| 60) 083) 60.00; 30 00 Ste—Marie de Blanford................ 30) 31 00; 6800) 25 00 Bite MING oo. 0e ose casera atin | 39 26.85) 4000) 25 00).. Sre-Perpotile ora Fb. opts hevceenbs 83} 2 34) 83.00} 41 50).. St-Pierre les Becquets.. ......1.......| 125) 4 60) 125 00) 50 00) Ste-Sophie de Levrard...........+.| 79) 3813) 79 00) 39 50! St-Syl vores. .sscrenssnccacdev sossesncvsse | 70} 32 50; 70.00) 35 90/133 65) ...... of BTS Bt—W Cri COBIAG§| neses sicc es shcncciatace sco DUO] Mavemtend | 10900) 50.00 10 00...... «| 169 00 1028 665 72, 1069 00; 540 00/295 53) 12 55) 2582 80 83 EXPENDITURE (Sr ¥ E aehs. bes ; . id ov v o “4 Meee s | fc" | 52 | se | = | 3&2 | eae — adi ieee = at — ot om f° “ = 3 6g 0 = oO = ee | ey 8 a oO = = |} ogF eS a AS | As a6 2 m |O8 |&g aad a. i) | Mi ieccss.|.....-| 12 11| 65 10]..........| 12 61| 126 92| 216 74| 800/32 75)... ...... ah ke Se Hecate | 9 00| 2445| 151 70 20 5¢} 3275} 121 61) 452 08)........... | 4311) 225 26 903 24! Ee ee ee | nena wernt ioe feascneecsses | Peers ........| 35 00} 129 32 1 61) eee.) 19,00] .........2. SB Ail cesceasvers4 . je ee 2500, 40 00, 5 95 0 feo} 18 00)..<:-...-.-- | 43 29} 2 00) 0 a a 7 23) 62 77] “aeeeerasceoe| 8 . 75, 30-00, 150 00! 50) 25 22) 57 72 24). 40| 2% 36) 99 50) 32 00, 54 00 OptSl-2,-0 lie 230) Ol. 19709 40 00} 106 00j............| 1296) 1265; 171 61 12 50) 100 00)...... ..... | 12 64 3 75) 160 89} ee ee een ewe SS Seen lear boot 32 00| eves seere| cjeveee snes | 2B 50) sees ae el ag : : ~ les) o o w I o att AOonwnvwuckeaoacw or rs oe bedens ——— * 5 19 —— 38 50) 125 25) 186 00) 725 72) 9 74) 50 83) 146 90) 1288 13) 2 Se! 42 00)............ 31 4 3100} 1015) 1763) 22 13) 154 40) RUMI eeelatdses| cance nace |-eeae-...0.-| 108 49/ 12 10} 8 51) “90 10; 219 20 ae | se es | 905) 10 25) 7712) 23392 a | a 108 00 T 95|......20.| 65 99) 171 94] Sess.) 50 00)............ Re aaa Se eae | 2065) 15 77} 86 42 (i) for) o oO : _ _ i=) oO 68 50 50 00; 31 50) 358 49) 39 25) 57 03) 261 11 865 88 am 36 00 AQ e: ccc sances 16 00) 3 00! 500! 1010) 79 10| 0 EZ a Us a Se iessessees} 51 00) 35 00] 93 QO}... | | G0 00]. 102 00] cases sccecs|occscccrcore | ceccse cosecs | 152 00 RS waeeee 25 00 seeesceee aes | eeeeeseneee | 175 88} seeeeteeeeee 9 00 peeeee tenses 209 88) Dletiiveca: Lo) 7) ea Spa 79 00|...000 sees ra ST) alg 98) 178 19 ot ES eee lL fe OOO tre cenecars 5 00! 30 83) 90 83 SS ae BOO casscs-oyee.|. 6% BF 1. Peat | 3000! 124 00 . testes ceeeee 4 Bistusatesns| 15 00).......-200.|.-000+ esos | 77 865} 618) 11 5 Aasstnecsses|oeeses eoceee| 30 00}...... .0400- | 125 00).......000| 6 65) 179 SUM cess.) 23 00)...........) 79 00] 835) 4 8 Reseiiatewst| ~ G5 00)....-..-..0.| sesee neces 203 65)...0++..0+. haa Seer} 92 GO) 15 00)... ........| 109 OO) .recscre|ieseseerseee] 12 60) 169 = a ——— —— — —- 0 46) 213 50) 243 00| 85 00, 1314 40 17 96| 76 78| 631 70 2582 80) 84 ‘ STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS ? eS FARMERS CLUBS oF] ,2 ia z te . (By counties) BSS ead ee = rs To sale=8| 22 S S | 3s | Tomi = Res ba = = hho, : glee | a | ° | @ |e OTTAWA. ° ~ oe Municipality iGf Ambhorgt \cc.5. 5 sear sae iasishephnasbiccsene | SON 2 creas, 35 00} 25 00) ..)taeee 60 00 Buckingham... Saeeclldaiot sees nee yenrenesa= 67) 0 50 67 00 33) 50} eentceee weep LOOM Wardley. sos- toe cee cecneee: anteetine icvomnetcns SI ace 31 00|” 25, 00}eeeer tigeeeed 56 00 | Hart wrellan Sys derecretesse syoscesserar eae 43) 6 09 43 00 25° 00} ea ccoaeet| case eeeae 7409 | DOs a wcotanienescteal erent Vacevanctceced 109\256 00; 109 00 50 00] an ecsden|uceeeean »| 415 00: — TFOTAN PCN e.ce-s oan soanseces soeceers~ensed= 31] 13°52] -38' 15)" 25° OO) Sea eee TT 27 Ripon .- vases es | 34) 53°94” 95 00] > 2b OO) eran 7 113 94 Suffolk and “Addington.. Sinnskaad oaneae | 88] 70 19| 85 00} 44 O00}... eoseree| 202 100 Templeton Waste ce fetes c ccc cess tll eeest OP DU) eecsse-ves sacpb weet’ ccencegant Coeoean 050 THMATAin ys oo. tLe een a ceatles 41] 15 31] 45 00) 25 00) ....... 420s 85 314 Parish of L’ Ange-Gardien Peewee sieccacctaneceds 27| 26 77} 30.00} 25 00/110 20)........ 191 97 L’ Annonciation. ....... seetescareceees 31} 53.33] 41°00) 25 00) eee 119 33 © N.-D. de Bonsecours. ......... .-.seeee 36/°15 07} 36 00! 25 00) ONS6)iee 76 43° N.-D. de la Fourviére. ......... deaast 32] 0.20) 3403) 25" OOpzeeaene STS 59° 23: St-Andr6/A'velin,..cccs2.5 st-.0te>-cccan}™ G4} scores 34°00} 25° 00) ..ccsseal meena 2s: |, 209) OCs Ste—AnpG@liqu Gare -s-.0sees doce-aassieends 204! 56 38} 204 00} 50 00} 19 68)....... «| 330 06: 843/567 80} 870 78] 452 50/130 24]......... 2021 32 Pontiac Municipality of Bristols. 2c.sc--aesccocene soaseesas’ | caveas ) f= = = e2 sBies Shee a ae |ae s I & a o~7 a) — » Zz 5 mM J ; m = | QuEBEC | Municipality of Stoneham & Tewkesbury............ licked Be ay Ree ee | asecos cweeeel] suweeeaee aa Parish of Ancienne Lorette.. .......-- 000. eseeee | 132} 24 39] . 132 00) 50 00} 15 00}-..... Be N.-D. de Miséric. de Beauport...... | 61/150 12) 6100) 30 50)......... noes St-Chs de eee Sad aotadess 145} .2 76] . 15000): 50 Q0] Seececu) eee St-Colomb de Sillery.... ety Pee 113 86} ..cea 22-00'| .y 000 esncn] a Fis Ste-Foy: Ove cncusast Se cuctucss sveeuseonavenss | 38) 21 39) 38 00) 25° QO} cccce cane! inate St-Gabriel de Valcartier...... ...... 36} ...---| 36.00) 25 00)... A deeaee 412339 19, 41700 180 50| 15 00/1... RICHELIEU | ) Parish of ’Im. Conception de St-Ours....... wees] 69} 120 00] 50 00] 1 80] sseaceees St—Asimie er eeecca -.toearits ee nsn seerces G2) ask, 81 00} 40 50) ..... coe we Ste-Arne de Sorel....c.cse csesessee .| 59} 2 40| 5900) 29 50 -ccecan a Re 2 St—Joseph . Z sree eos DTG) Sovesesccace| acccee sesunel] poeeem aoe SE -VIGTUIN 2 « see ccouiae srk tens hetene cee Rioeaee 134) 7 32) 148 50) 50.00) ‘4 4Q}2eeee St-Marcel : wrest saceacscoeoceel 71 Ort aeeeeaeed 446 10| 50 00 sca eee St-Pierre de Sorel... as cepceceeetet tates 136] 16 56) 13600) 50 00) 3 70} .......- Re-tiGunrick. tate ete TUL 110 42] 50 00].ccaeee hae St-Roch de Richelieu... .............| 37) 291) 7100) 2500) 1 O51 vad Ste-Victoire... ee SI oseteee 163 99) 40 50) 24 66)......... 850) 32 67) 1336 01) 385 50! 365i Wiesesee RICHMOND / | Municipality of Shipton......... wm Ccdheddl Gcaakl A Bal Soe tees conven Parish of St-Frs.-X. de Brompton... Sokanresees}) |G] \serqubeone 35 00) "25 00) 98 00} secssee- St-Georges de Windsor .............. 106, 10 81) 145 05) 50 00) . 00) scccnevealiea nice it St-Bencit, Joseph Labre ..... Rakeods 56) 51 50} 56 00) 28 00}.......0, | vcsssen Ste-Blandine side abtgaieew date igoweauts 30; 0 15 69 31 26: 00])'3.50. Ree Ste-Cécile du Bic.. vevseccccce.| 102} 24°44] 102 00) 60°00) Visstanctmeenen St—Daninse..-..0isue ssbaiecseccsasi es eee} 69) 29 12 59 00 29 60) .déewus atkess Tl St—Dotiats iacccccc oresaee wren earees 7.4 bop le a 43 53 25 00] .:.... PFs Name < St-Fabidna siciv Aitines eeteetee eaece 128) 25 70} 177 00 50 00/125 00] ....... Ste-F élicité.......... apavane a abven pepate 68} 1 60 68 00 34°00} .csnees sr | ceoveueeean 87 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31sT DECEMBER 1900 EXPENDITURE P “3. 2 2 2 2 y eid Se |oe2|422| 23 | 32] € | Pes) 88. | ee |ese\e8s| e2 | 24 S | 248 | 3-8 | Total REMARKS mB efee | 5.8] 3s O8 =) S28 | een | a m9 ao mo 4 m2 d/l sag OS Ot aie ae | | ON a | ania: sae eres soe * ae 26 67, 26 67 See Sees 5400} 23 50} 118 80/ 108 1604 797} 221 39) aisdee hi SRG Ry 0 |) De | 12 82| 112 50) 241 62| . Ae AU jS0\es:.-..i09 A160 OOfetaise.--| 4 Ti! .6 G41 200.78 Bittere|:-.:- Be ete | prnans aise [ecbcorlactee Pe eicasens Presses 113 86) 113 86 Bicaeies | Se | 3800} 250) 502) 3887] 8439 2 a | 30 OO|.sesse-nee--| 7 50| 23 00| 61 00) _—_—_- 0 50)...........| 9535] 8965) 38695, 3658) 46 15| 32951| 951 69| ae erewhagees (tm, NO: MO Bea ceverana 40 3150 90 90) 2 eae issaasiid aaa tebieeasacs [eae ocaanad| 2 79 2 79 No longer in operat. 0 0) ed | 148 50) 4 40 4 67 40 210 22) 7) ee eee L446) 10 feeseceaess| 7 55, 7 20, 496 10) |) 7 ee 131 00 200| 2319 82} 206 26 ee 39, O5| .ccccesecces Bea e-eneas (LOG BD 4 00 5 80 5 15) 160 42) 0) | 1 00} 2 00 1 00) 1 86; 100 86 0) 25) OA) Ee | 16399} 3 50) 3.00) 1300 229 15) | 1990} 5441) 85 91) 1790 69! 21 66|° 254 80)............ 27 00 1327 01) = | Deeadeshas | le 42 38] 42 38) 12 03) 93 00)............ [Bes sapits> Jusesereseree] 2 30) 28 57) «= «22 10} 158 00} . ndiswe sapere 38 00 eS) ae | 145 05) ..ceo 0000 | _3 68) 18 38) 205 86) re (| ee ae 104 85 | me ee a ee Rewepavevsee 8 85) 145 05) 230) 46 25) 82 86 511 09 ee SS SS _ or Oo or : ; : : — bo So — w ~ ios) bo _ i -~—I oO © o oO © wo ie 2) a) oO CO rs Oo Hescieisenens RPE adetmnstarcs|enessciewct's LL On AA levees seco ene 1 seat ee ccenes UG) ER eee 90 06 5 tenon seeees SEP Mu ives |isscwsivaeces 32 40 4 00 3 PEPER ee eee eee eee! POOH eee EET He eee 52 08 eee ee te eee 4 Rianevlsvesee PME etastioliedes'|sbevs ».aseo . 63 66 6 25) 7 daete peel, w 88 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS RECEIPTS _ FARMERS’ CLUBS ~ Sra ioie peal |S (By counties) 5 28. a z 2 so 2'31s.8| 29 s = | Ss | Total - 5 o}/seP—}) 2 o 5 os = AlAs n Tea Riwouski.——Cont. Parish of Ste-Flavie de Lepage.... .............( 106) 2 72/ 106 00} 50 00).........|- .ssse 158 72 St- Gabriel’ = s< essere cece osieeae ces 1O| "vs svceees 70 0% 35 00) .: csvset bscoemeee 105 00 St-—Germain de Rimouski ............ 76| 0 82 76°00) ° 38) 00)... oleae 114 82 St-Jéréme de Matane....-.... ........ 1| 23 86 52 00 25°50) 0 c4 45ers 105 81 Ste-Luce de Lessard......... .....00- 39): 08 ; 107 45 25) Ole. ceeeee 5 74) 138 19 St-Mathieu de Rioux ........ ........- 58| 74 33} 58 00 29. 00) .-:c--ac0 | acecaecee/| menGHIneeEn SSt—MO THO tee ec acleenceene rs acecees esicusees 47] 2 76} 4700} 25 00)....... Elven 74 76 St-Pierre: dw Lack.icce-. sate che -ekces 89! 43 00 89 00 44.\'50|\;.stedeckd eee 176 50 St-Simon de la Baie de Ha! Hail sicosk. 3B 1QB| ieee. cceectifl Stunde seen ellicosedeensl eae 3 05 St-Ulric de Matane.. ......... Glitmaces 86 00 30 50| 49 99] ........| 166 49 ~ St-Valéricn’:. 8.6. i240. Bad ooare TO|s-csceew 139 00 35400] Seckcccet| eee Pe ei Hy (6) 1) 1456/368 91) 1835 22} 761 00/460 66) 16 26) 3442 05 RovuvILLE Parish of N.-D. de Bonsecours .......0.. ssssees 26] 57 00! 30.00} 25 00} 10 00)........ .| 122 00 St-Ange-Gardien.......... .sese-ceeees 69| 58 96] -69 00). 34 50} ........)) c.cuesssueeoeee Ste— Anes lortee ser cc csccces bagede voce 105) 10 28) 105 00 50 00/303 31) ......../ 468 59 St—C spree. Aiie.do ccnecdects ds wees P22 ceses 05. | WAT22 FOU: 50:00) 15 50)°..c..5) ease St—Hilaive sicecccsstbesenesc stenence Seeotsdee Od yee sewers 31 00 25) 00) sccccemvelined Ackenn 56 00 St-J.-B. de Rouville......... ......055 104} 41 42} 188 00 50 00) 5 .50).........] 284 92 Ste—Marie de Monnoir.. .. ...........| 139] 37 10} 1033 95 50!:00)).cctse.c]|aeaeeeee 1121 05 St-Michel de Rougemont...........- 104; 0 67) 104 00) 50 00; 22 35) 11 58} 188 60 St-Paul d’ Abbotsford. ......... Mean errah stirtrcd arent se) tewe petrol ey c 2 95 2 95 700\205 43} 1682 95) 334 50/356 66| 14 53] 2594 07 SAGUENAY = ee _ —-— Municipality of Bergeronnes ..........cccsssssesees seaees 81| 55 61| 8165) 4050} 1 409)......... 179 16 Les Escoumains......... sbSabace teses 33] popes Bee 83 00 Al BO |itsssreves] ekameueee 124 50 ’ AW TFN ( Se a pe enn ne a ae 141} “5 98} 141 00 50 00} 40 00) 25 60} 262 58 Parish of St-Paui de one Vaches Sap. daleapss 95} 52 36) 96 00} 47 50)..... ...]...c0000) 195 86 Mission of Magpie. . rs ved veove cove | 20| 20 AL) <3 10h: 25 | OD iceeeceesyneenenee 81 21 425/139 06 432 75} 204 50} 41 40) 25 60) 843 31 SHEFFORD. — —— wa Municipality of Waterloo ......:..s0ccessesossssces cvsevscce| 46] seccenens 53 00 25400)}..ocevaeee tl naeeeaa 78 00 E b ec ree err yey) CCr EL OU EEE 63] 32 20 63 00 31 (GO). .veaees levee 126 70 CAT BN DEIR. Liens’. Seda, tasers etoet ce wckss ioe sok 86 766| fsa. 008 Sedvas sehedv'lias wed guy tl Cane i 86 56 Stukely—North... Sebabtesradasse'|: MAO wenstenens 43 00} 25 00)...... 4ot| Revues 68 00 Ste-Cécile de Milton... + dou tidtiasatateen 35| 27 00 37 00 25 00) i: sacesptl eee 89 00 St-Valérien de Milton.................| 90) L 00} 105 50 4B O00) \c.easnene'l eee sent 151 50 ‘ Village of Roxton-Falls.. wool UL) (O61) 106 ASie Sb 760i sys 2 11) 144 65 Parish of N.-D. de Bonsecours .s.c.seee veeeceess 30} 13 85 30 00 25 00). 50-25). tetens 119 10 St—ATphonBer ccf e Wsasocs dived oaveee / 80} 6 30 80 00 40 00) 10 00] 11 31} 147 61 St—Joachim de Shefford......... ss. 66) 6 17 56 00 2800) ven Shen Seth 90 17 Ste-Prudentienne .......0. esse ssseceees |seeees 2d BO] Rivebeunsacedepaatieenens sipsten! Gabe 24 50 514/198 19] 573 93} 280 00) 60 25) 13 42) 1125 79 89 “LUBS FoR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1900 Purchase of stock seeeee reweee a = de | [> | — eo: Do ~o o@2 rs ae | ees | fea ae os Es EE a me) |) at ess acne 3 PTO Sw acas coces Psee. waves EPID Oc cvccivccces } ee oh ..'.....: earns 100 33) MTS eel davcs'sccses 25 00 ween - wel scores erseee le EXPENDITURE = a eG a Se a a Da So? Oe ue eS ee eee Peete ae. | Se. os = |woasd = aa co |ase|as | Total REMARKS 5S 2 =| Cen =| ao oe S a CE ma a. 2 s 5 } atl fae EON! BOR) 12 TO). onasetend 158 72/ eet 00) 3 00 50! .».| 105 00} Voy ee a 1 32| tied "RSH ya | eS Se 6 24, 16 87| 105 81 OG “AG Ps cy-2 odes PS: BOlicaces 20s 138 19) 58 00). | eee | 161 33 45 35) | 2 56| 1 85| 74 76 84 Ul. 5 00} 87 50) 176 £0! ee | seeees soveer| 3 05 3 05|No longer in opera. Nae | Ee se ene 30 50| 166 49 eee (2 0 | Nee eee a ale oe eee 35 00} 174 00 Paes SSA es oe aes | Se SS ee | 2168 66 3991) 125 70| 494 36| 3442 05 Bt cic ee weeee| 28 80} 450] 150] 64 70] 122 00 | ee eee 26 60] 69 00)..... 3... 2 36} 64 50) 162 46 ae 44 00)..... ..20:| 395 10 93} 1931| 9 25] 468 59) OSS Sa re 122-0fA {SHOP = Fe BOha.sdesenns 187 50 8 ae 4 DS: Sal ecnctecds 267/ 25 00) 56 00 Be piyces- MEMO cect cease |-c-n-v--... | 188° 00)... ----| 492 21 00} 284 92 Eves B7a10) 27 80|.....-...-.-| 1004 02)...2.. ...00. 29 93) 22 20| 1121 05 Ss ee 80 00] 93 GO}........005] 15 00]...00-| 188 60 | CSS ae eee deel eRe) OS eee 2 95 8 45] 180 10| 71 80} 106 60| 1928 85) 8 43) 83 19) 206 65| 2594 07 —— J |} | OS ee 8165} 700) 750} 4301| 179 16| eee) 51 00):........... ett] BDO | it esceaele BY SB] Ssase~ssans- 124 50 ihidantanss 15 00) 28 50) 12 55) 202 O8)...........] 4 45|..-0 | 262 58| sacs iene noe ee ea een eS oe eee wees] 195 86] 195 86 Bo Cites “A 38 11} 200) 724 4111) 8121 Brtsisc:.. 138 75| 2850) 1255) 386 39) 9 00| 28 14] 239 98} 843 31] ee = ae 5 as —| ieee ae Seeare | 21°50! 2900) 9 00} 15 95} 255} 78 00 ie a 20 00] 63 00)....4. sass 8.00} 995) 126 70 RMMMNESINERUGY cvdpa: |vcese esses |eeceee -nnee ee a, 1 hs Sa ead Penernegen 86 56} 86 56 itt ee eS eo ee eee 68 00} 68 00) Gane BAA GO) citssecccee|.sec0 eee | 33 OO)......-0--| 4 40] 29°00) 89 00 Relapse ST 50 yh Eee | 105 50} 300) 300) 250] 151 50 5 Ma? 36°25) '106/40),..... ..... GOL thy, ave 144 65) ae Beeb et ieccs.| 48°00) 14 50)..... 0: 11 23} 10 52} 119 10] Bee TeGs cas 22 80} 1400} 2500) 74 40 2 31 Ot LOM caters tee | 147 6U Bis eesessi\.. 14 00 Gees fisenss--c-s| 56 00}. 11 15, 392) 6 10) 9017 ae id. 7 | ee Eee ae ARS 5 ree | 24 50] 24 50 ee ee ee Eee ee eee eee ee a ee ic 157 50) 35 50! 158 25| 461 80 16 46) 57 60} 238 68| 1125 79! ee ns Ss Se No longer in opera. No report. No longer in opera. No report. 4 90 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ — , RECEIPTS Pere Mote ye ae 4 i: 2 (3 y counties 5S/\Sha|l 22 =I ‘| =) 3215 3| $8 2 | = |88| Total gees") 3 | & - | es SHERBROOKE. ; Municipality of ASCOt .....-.0. ..-.ssssesscessseesseseseeeeee| 86 37 99/ 89 00] 43 00 sissesene| 1699S On POCd ooss2e5 5 Ate eas ee ae Ror el mar (csp! 37 00 25) GO| ceccsaeen 36 16) 106 07 Parish of St-Roch s@Orford. icc.) faeheseeecocece] 0121) L240 86heeooneU 25° 00)..s-ca-se4 See 179 86. 150|170 76} 156 00; 93 00) ...- 36 16) 455 92 SouLANGES. Parish of i MChins, cosa biat en nuaauteneraniunteteess $l} 8 56} 123 26 45 50) 1 95)..... oose | AOS St-Ignace du Céteau du Lac....... 71 7 62) 161 00] 38 50} 6 OO). \yeceee mellem St-Joseph de Soulanges.............. 65) 10 99} . 65 00} . 32 50) 3 15) ..... coi DS ISE OLY CENDE fa sce.coeis- cn ktaoei-vaseree cee 11]| 56 37) 112 00 50 00/266 75} ........)) anomie St-Thélesphore........- -e--eee0e seseee-e| 110} 30 19} 111 00} 50 00) 97 00}...... | 288 19- Sy i--7 OMG toes ages ee cnesnnigeasesaacionn deaf Bille tees 317/00). | 25°00) <.c.ec] eeaeaee 62 00- 491 113 73| 609 26) 241 50/375 45)...... wee| 1339 94: STANSTHAD. Municipality of “Barford. “15.004 c:-ssses0, ccsusere/coonscens 31la 1°45). 32.00) 25. 00)\.ceeeateenaee es 64 45- BAYT SONG ack owassntcacaneses kavess eecanern 41} 25 21 41 00 25 00). 1 BO} lee 92.71 GaaticGoks,..:-tie: saves 17 00 tt WU tasceceatcas 3 00 5 00 2 00) eS SS - Je waves} 180 75]....-.....| 43 00/ 901 34) 30 72| 70 04] 114 09} 1339 94| Saeceu vowne- 24 00 2000} ccaneaheses 5 84| 5 61 64 45) sesvee reccee| cence vecces|corees soovee |evcees ovens 38 95 1 32 2 05 50 39 92 71 me | | 195 00) igh, 21 00)... TS2ROOs testers Sir 2 13] ee: EA re [ns sccé vues | -- 298 itl acescscsceas 9 00| 24 00| 373 37] WOT) 34 SO}.........0 NBUGOIE ccaeens « 8 55 3 88} 123 00} MIRE hcccsy osc | soccee vvoeee 42 00; 114 00 4 25 3 55 75| 164 55! Peet adi's: PAPAS Peete t eet cliccossucance hy LODO102|tce.et-ces a peeaeernenrel Oh ei | Macks 0.135 9215) eRe eee E 75 55 3 00 5 75) 1 12} ‘108 67 AF a ee TOOROG oe asccree « 2 35] 20 28] 156 13) rcs... MAME ee det peck. | cscsaciccace MOAROOI eo ae ¥ 6 50 2 50} 155 50} eet 60: 00)........... Fo eccateth ali, ate esebe ocwecde TERN tle nae ee 414 25) os a TOBE 00) tecrceece MORO O Hee eee as 185 00 ee > — 413) 353 55) 33 50 42 00; 2414 99 7 25) 85 41 55 66| 2996 49 92 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS eee hee = E\s g a. = 3 cal y o@?l~Om = < “a Pe) g2)903| 88 | 3s | 3 | Se) com Bo |e ae oO = ae > AIA 7) n a) ST-JEAN Parish of St—Bernard de Lacolle.............s0+] seoee 3D 26 coos beees ee sree alice 35 26 Sih AINE a. os econ, canuereve GhescanselCcrnan 40} 33 29 40 00 25 00} 4 00)........ 102 29 SSE FG cnc aeoas pee weaned pov enaecuie morass in 33 3{ leak eee 38 00 2D OO) ccccccsn\leecaeaee = 00 Ste-Marguerite de Blairfindie....... 124) 9°12] 124 00) 50 OO) .cc.,.c0. | cccesncl) ener St-Paul del’Isle aux Noix............ 4 95 St-Valentin ........ Case vebs Ractwep ounce 272|112 62} 272 00) 150 00} 31 40)......... 566 02 Sr-Mavrice. Parish of Ste-Anne d’ Yamachiche.............| 115) 43 92} 117 00} 50 00} 10 00 220 92 St BArT AUD 2 co ccacr al oecoentcicnsurecaccaen GB '.sese 81 00 29 00} 10 00] ........ 120 00 St-Boniface de ls agp Scale ltestaees AT 00\ 26 00) ee eat. 0144 =%72 14 St-Elie de Caxton... cece scccsecee| 92)°23. 30] 92°00} 46 00) .020). 2.7] -ccc- acne St-Etienne des Gres . Snebeaet ome scones 36] 32 52] 38 60; 25 00} 0 97]....... 96 49 Ste—Flore... cAcoeagR® UteecepenicessAle asl seceeases 149.00) © 50:00) <3. ia eee 199 00 St- Mathieu ‘de Caxton.. eerccee dbase eee 5O “BO ccsceceeces |ecases Senecel eee bee eee 50 30 SRS BV ORG neacauthar carcrascal diessuebe cs onas 70} 290 83 00 35 00] ....c.d0 fiseesenene 120 90 Visitation de la Pointe du Lac....| 104) 7 54) 104 00} 50 @0).........}. aleteead 161 54 634|160 48] 711 00} 310 00} 20 97; O 14) 1202 59 TEMISCOUATA Municipality of Bégon..............+. Wares deere Seen ass S| PG ee 39 00). 25.00) -j.case) oeenees Z 64 00 Hocquart*-***"*"" BB AR sy tte Pe ales | rasa 31 00; 25 00)*.....c.0) pees 56 00 WAG Oi ascs. aeeecieen serarsases$ss> es7) renny MU] snkceness 90 00 4B 00) cc... casi saceuneee 135 00 WH TEE RE ENG o. . scoe as asodae dele ovesiecoucss 106) 13 37} 106 00 50 00) 12 40)........ «| “See Parish of 5 —-D. des Neiges, ne Rebs 4 35) 25 00 35 00 2500) <..cscgec'l cocoa 85 00 N.-D. des Sept-Douleurs... eo[onvess| OOO |ccssevancese| otss Gentep|coseneree] naman 5 00 N. =D Biri be ly UY Che ax! wa demanviaey sree |) 107) 28 53]. 111 00 50 OO} -cceccsendaapercuan 189 53 N.-D. du Portage........ siarasaue oncetes 101} 20:37}. “101° 00) “50 ‘OO}..-.- sco) neces BW Shes ( SEA Depth. peers, p-conscommcsanci essere TOUS 25-2. 101 00 50 00) ......... athe 151 00 St— A PAGNIA, soscskevwssdecey TAB |e: chokes 255 00 60°00) <.cce-aes 45 29} 350 29 BLA BINGU Ea acrtenes peancaciy Coctaceicccnatl RO] coaaneaee 88 00 43°'Q0|) ccvcucas)| suuparen 165 39 Sten Olieasccass . bakescaned sccvepueeadiasenenl “omlamenie a 35 00 26. OO) isiconaes| case 83 22 Ste—PTAn QOS ...0. coe onscopnee eanecenes 2G sosssncey 30 00} 25 00) 7 00} 0 02} 62 02 St-Georges de Cacouna....... wives ds 98| 17 88} 9800} 49 00)......... 0 08 164 96 REE Quire sacvadton ta co nascodsnactzanemecee S4lN ccarvess 34 00 26.00) sesecss)lsaneeemee 59 00 St-J.-Bte de l’lle Verte. sore Bev. gagaiee «-| 111] 35 25} 163 50 50 00/198 03) 37 00} 483 78 St-Louis du Ha! Ha!.. 67) 76 62 70 00 33 DO] asasnstebl vane «| 180 02 St-Patrice de la Riv. du Loup... 100} 14 22} 100 00; 50 00).........] .rese «| 164 22 St—Paul de la Oroix.....cs0. .. ccoevece 37) 27 61 58 50 25°00] -:<.sice. | ccomeeeae lll iL Ste-Rose du Dégel6.......... ..-sesee. 101} 13 64) 122 50) 50 00) 26 27)....... «| 212 41 1445/335 00; 1668 50 145 50/243 70) 82 39) 3075 09 93 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1900 EXPENDITURE B (@2.(83,/ 3 ey 2s pers (oe per) 2 S32 So ee ae Fay So &e SAa°0 ee |Se3\se¢| 32 | 38 | & | a22 | 228 | Tota REMARKS a fom |-D.. a aw Of = 5 25 ‘at A A, oO wo WR) a} mM =| ms dl a Pe a 35 26] 35 26 . ee UN eho cde ds, aah ose, Je 1200| 1979) 102 29 | ae 2 1) ia) SA 350| 250) 6300 A he i 10 00] 112 00} 400) 1400) 2012) 183 12 BT SD 00) 9.00) 0.02. senace |enncessecnee 65} 927; 8 93| 110 85 a OO) 23.00] 10. 00}... sccsce|cnoren aces 408} 16 89) 71 50 753} 18850} 67 00| 3700} 112 00| 765) 42 85! 103 49) 566 02 ae OMIM occ | care |iceveceacesonty, 12%, 001.« 2 47| 81 45) 220 92) 10 00) 20 50 7 SUM ne keen, 350} 6 00| 120 00| 2 70|. 19 00}... rig i eT | a | Se 72 14| Pets ee ee 85 56} 905) 1066; 17 54) 161 30 Bitte. . TS ae 3784) 5 00| 565} 2123] 96 49 Gt) Sao od eee eee are eee 133 17 180} 1933} 1310} 199 00 Se | ococec devac:| scence cvaces | searee danas pr Tad AS oe 50 30} 50 30 EC) eS ae De iy CRY: 7 ae 5 12| 278) 120 90 Sc 30 00).....- 20.0. 104 00| 7 87| 400) 15 67| 161 54 44 30| 149 51} 35 25)............ 685 28| 25 72} 55 46| 207 07| 1202 59 rte], cneseee-s| 12 00] 36 OO} nace. serene 300] 1300) 64 00 0 EE ea 28 83] ...c0e seseee rb | | Peon Came A GO) co ccede....j-cnceccone-| 81 17|° 6 OO] 12-83) -...-200000 135 00 Ge sl aa tannne Ee] Gone 11 84] 1735] 181 77 TA OO) ccc. ccene-|, 17 00] 3B, O0|.o-.- asseee 400| 2500) 985 00 RN rercalara sus] wocnaiacses|icneccccssnce|soccnrsecces|-neesn nano | -seeeeess one 5 00 5 00|No longer in operat. Ee reeticcds| ccssed-ece.| | 58 00| 100 30|-.-c-eore.s. 2709} 414] 189 23 eS aol 10-45) 2 99 Wasa -secses. 201} 43.38] 171 37 ae 5 ee 101° GO| cakcteed: bessecse. ...| 24 50} 151 00 SDE OO) a. .0 20550] ay-eeeseene |) 255,00] eo-seonee .. TTT .os.ccsecee} 350: 29 ETE OO) ce... ccccce| .-0-+-...--|, 81,84] 1 50)° 9 17] 42 88) 165.39 Seesee sesces| senscscsenee| seoee. veeee 26. 00] 32. 55)...-cesse0ne- 6 70 17 97 83 22 009; 20 00 900) 94 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ FARMERS’ CLUBS (By counties) TERREBONNE. Municipality of Abercrombie... ............:sssee sesseeees Doncaster Salaberry & Grandison ............. Ste-Adéle Ste-Agathe.... Peart Bratoeeeee Ste- Anne des Plaines ORR e Ee Cee e eee me ween ee ee eeee Parish of Meee ee Chee e eee cw eee eee waeeee seen ee tweens St_Jérome, Biv Git WNOF we... 22-50 St-Louis de Terrebonne Ste-Marguerite du Lae Masson..... St SRV EH tots rcee ccs ecseei ne sadenn tucesers Ste-Sophie de Lacorne............... Ste-Thérése de Blainville...........: THREE-RIVERS. Parish of N.-D. des Trois—Riviéres...... ..... V AUDREUIL. Newton. Ste-Madelaine de Rigaud... Ste-—Marthe .. By pacerakonen Trés-Saint~Sacrement.. ahd Loh SE Municipality of VERCHERES. Parish of St-Antoine... St-Frs-Xavier de Verchéres... Bte— J ree seccaees saecnane Sioas dapyiow he ds St-Mare de Cournoyer. ee St-Mathieu de Belobil................. Ste-Théodosie... Foced Ste-Trinité de Contrecceur.. RECEIPTS Sic aS x nD # a A 5 = Pe} = = E . 3s ae S& 7 Ps me Total 5 = een Ss o 5 aa ZAIN S | m bai bs 103) 15 00} 103 00} 50 00).........|..00 {| 168 00 103] 44 70} 103 00] 50 00) 1 Qi]......... 198 97 69| 14 82] 69.00} 34 5) -...-s0.| cceersene 118 32 105 11] 105 00] 50 00).........} sce «| 162 15 149) 25052 149 00 60 100) coo.ce7 0 36; 199 36 84] ....-.-2- 84 00} 42 00] ..-.e0.| -rosesse- 126 00 i pe ees 210 GO| 50 00/413 39)...... .--| 673 39 eh 61 00} 30 50| 54 44)... .... 145 94 fir fall ee 102 00| 50 00) 29 00) 2 78) 183 78 102} 37 85} 102 00| 50 0).........] 22 wee} 189 85 Se 71 BO) cscs ecacc| cose sccecel sccecewsa | acueceneal nnn AO, OActcd A oe ee vevoeeee: | sostanps 106} 717] 10600) 50 00) 24 00)...» 187 17 10911438 19] 1194 00! 507 00/522 10| 3 14) 2664 43 99] 19 34] 103 00} 49 5O).........] sees | 171 84 55| 22 64]. 55 00] 27 50] 57 75)... 162 89 od Gea er ps 7 53 “132 “132 00). "50 00 16 50} 31 84) 230 34 108] ......00. 108 00} 0 00) .......00] secesee 158 60 295| 93 17/ 295 00) 127 50| 74 25| 31 84| 621 76 131} 21 48] 131 00} 50 00] 10 00] ........| 212 48 79| 117] 9900] 39.50) ........ .--| 139 67 69] 20 57] . 69 00} 34 50] ....... | rereenee | 124 07 105] 14 52} 105 00| 50 00] 81 50)....... {| 251 02 wpseer S11 AD} ccccce ccoce | cocressevccal socceeeps]) seueninel Nnennnn——EE 116] 3.44] 116 OO} 60 00) ........ | .sco0ee ..| 169 44 109 109 00} 50 OL} 1 GO} «| 160 60 609/372 67] 629 00} 274 00] 93 10]......- 1368 77 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1900 EXPENDITURE ~— 1 | o A n | ‘ > 5 | | a S30 | gla a3 L lise es | | 62 |se5\/sqe| s2 2.8 3 | 225 | 2.8 | Total REMARKS ee jeas|efe| g= | 22 Bott San | gs em | Meee jas’) ao | C8 | a joe | ag | | | : - oe sui) 12 00)............, 2150) 10300} 380) 641) 21 29] 168 00) Be ticjanss a 52 67| 103 00| 153! 1145) 30 32) 198 97 | SS ee 34 00} 69 00)....... ... 390} 11 42| 118 32 Ricca. es hcasvevt- -'BO ODI Wb Olese. 2.200. 350| 361) 162 11 2 91 8 60} 32 35), 149 00)........00. 6 50} cc seeeee| 199 36) LTD) sec sevees| coves casssee| esses snsnes #2 00.4. 0 39} 39 89! 128 00) | 50 00] 623 39|...sccncerfescee ever eee | 673 39| a 9.00; 15 25| 10019| 413 1612] 0 75] 145 94] Seat ea) 00).:.......... 30 00} 102 00 3 PO ive ate | 183 78| DE iesect| 9 85) «29 00) 102 OO}.........n06| scence ene | 49 00} 189 85) Se . 5 00), 25.00) eee 84 15 URE Chis | ise cee teen iat ay eee, oo GO} -codetent 65 00 32 50) .-----c5-i) = sasenne 97 50 Lake Weedon «....10+ «+-seese det wee 90) 10 52/ 90 00 45 00, 44 41) ...s.0e 189 93 PULTE Obedwccsaisenos-cusberss bee caseuee 41; 1 52 41 00; 25 00 14 46)......... 81 97 Weedon sik ns chahon.sc. RAED, ee 134.50, 49 00, 68 50}..-....-- 252 00° Wolfestown......... s.cccccssee iicusee 98] 25 45) 99 25; 49 00) 49 94)......... 223 64 Wotton........ BS Acca amen cee —o 94) 2:11). 9400) -4:7 0G)_--seae | steeneees 143 ll Parishes of StaOamilles |< se sic.< boiens nraneces 111} 0 15) 16600) 50 00,123 75)......... 339 90° St-Joseph of Ham South... | 104) 23 7%| 138 75) 50 00)... coco eceeeees 212 52 N.-D. de Lourdes of Ham North..| 78) ......... 79 00, 39 00 .-.-5 os | sseesenee 118 00: St—F Op BIG Bibew: ccseossonoscncsevernesascaes y & ieee SS 14.00) 2 T00 ke oeseeene scevennan/| oun 1054127 67, 1206 50, 523 50.302 05, 4 11| 2163 83: cick eee eel as ea | _ eee | YAMASKA. | Parish of N.-D. de Pierreville.. soos 36) 3.20) 36 00; 25 00) 2 35) 1 00 67 55- St-Ant. de la Baie du "Febvre seedes 1O0| cx dencens 100 00} 50: 00] .:...2.ce) ceeemeees 150 00 St-Bonaventure d’ Upton... ......-.. 103) ..2......| 136) 75) 50 00} Seeaeninee oiaaes 186 75 res | SE Rs RN ee Daas F 124] 73 36] 124 00! 50 00/274 50)......... 521 86 St—-Eiphige 5.) easer 50 eee 7 [eesessseoe 51 00) 3 00 350) 1090) 984 15] seve seveer| 15 OO )..cs00.. 04 | essere sasees a) ie 250| 1500) 97 50} season gene OC) Ba 31 87; 134 41) 200) 3 85)............| 169 93] eS Whee sea eae RLY eee Poe 6 03) 22 82) 81 97) 16 94; 18 00).......... | 65 60) 134 50 350) 8.50) 5 56 252 00) aa BORO) ccscc veces | 60 00; 119 05 5 00| 14 55) 5 04) 223 64) Seeks scoe 40 00).. tA ese 98200 4 50 2 Cae 143 11) Sch Phe seis oS ee 289 75 675) 467 3 23) 339 90 cys ne a 25 00| 138 75 5 00 0 5C 7 2%| 212 52) ents &. ae eee 12 12)... | 6 28] 39.00) 118 00! 8 30 00 60/00) cassscbiss ln LT 3A 3 66) 111 00) 16 94) 198 05) 3000, 246 17) 1386 30] 29,75, 76 58) 180 04 2163 83| | | | 0) a 36 00 3 00 co era ee 67 55 seadae oo ae een 95 00) iva |" cag OU lve aie 150 00) Sas 3a AGO)” 18. OO}. ...2. ..00 131 50 400; 850 0 25, 186 75 Bes sa:-.: STE! (nse aasenn snnsee 371 Ol 6 00; 2603) 44 82) 521 86 Se 56 50 LOG. 00 | acecrtetane Ve | Se eee (ag by = Se Pe Pris apr een! AL REE Nat) olan tecteewenees te ae FOBOO| osx, ocees PAiy AEN Ay oe tie 25 AR veticatn. 328 31 ea mee, 122,00)...... ..... 1D SROS oer senee JA AB) vane canes 249 48 Bip caon Se ee 33 00 5 00}; 3 25)., 61 25 1/12) ~ 35.00 Pees | ae 63.0010. T1G6l" TOM aneet na cte 130 99 eS ee 25, 00 sreerseeeees 51S) Se ae 3 80 0 86, 65 85} faeae) 227 50) 271 50)..... ...... 1236 73} 29 66| 114 22} 45 93) 1938 93 | Neen n eee . 98 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECAPITULATION 3 FARMERS’ CLUBS 2a RECEIPTS o S = erage ope a o $816. $| 8ae | S32 2 = | Deficit COUNTIES 2,)/8s 8] S23 m2 s 2 in Total SSeee eo |-ae o) = 190 ae Byece: | e | Argentetll.....¢ cecccce- cores ccccese| 1 66 58 83 66 00 33 00) scepueeeel te AT ENA ARES. seco. -encreene cc serciensneserd 15} 1290 249 75) 1315 00 614 00) 440 23 Bagot eanpeenantsabas ss ceceed| Wie ening tgs 142 27) 1112 77 451 50 32 49 SPRUCE, cosus ac acove. meveesecdamecetanee 22) 1978 825 43} 2562 10 892 00) 1364 02 BGANNATNOIS. -c0se. -cce--<->-vesens cones 4) 188 46 85} 193 00} 103 50} 10 90).. Bellechasse:..<5:.-.ccccesc) sseete a ee} tt” Uy © 319 19|- 801.00} -365 00)? 78h GRUNTS! decanauc, so. c-eoes eae 4} 230 99 77; 232 00} 125 50} 202 76 MTBICOUUINNL hah cc00es =2seceepeteeeesnen|| LU 778 343 03 928 00 392 00) 6331 54 Rhmaaten fuses si ees 13| 831) 369 75| 839 00] 437 00| 897 46 Two Brenton) eee ma a | Ao oq = - Ws ahs fot See | 28 e 2% a Zo a & he i S Total REMARKS : om lane | ae. | oe | mo }oa |g a ee ae a ea Seok sot eee issas.| 153 23| 44 75) 528 37| 1582 681 6954 109 5%} 198 a eae ne BOT BBA OB eece occve|cocaes coseee 1119 21; 625) 27 46| 25328) 1743 63) 1119} 349 55| 258 52, 356 85| 3757 25] 75 18| 299 74, 565 75) 5674 03; © 972) 6200| 5400, 82 00)... ...... 15 95, 42 37| 8731] 353 37 1494, 6890| 9922) 125 .60| 706 86] 2952] 7632 454.68) 1576 04 2 40/ 19592) 6750 5000| 1047 48) 6478 6886 238 34) 1735 28 cicsersseaee| 135 50/ 72 00/ 61 65] 116856| 6052] 85 85| 254 84] 1828 92 B01 22| 27 60| 125 00)............ 25005} 250 5 70| 3529) 947 36 TG 00) cece... ose | 00-0. 1373 77| 158 791 1407 110 39 1824 35 5 06} 194 21| 95 00| 136 68| 3964 00| 3118] 95 22) 347 35| 4868 70 10 33! 225 34) 68 00| 123 15! 2610 54 16.74 12913] 162 44) 3345 73 5 78 71 00) 6395) 74 30) 296 84 12 bli. 33.32), cle2s 660 03 198 90| 7136 73) 2747 136 69| 321 95| 799457 469 06| 1067 77) 310 82 135 65) 351 42) 2563 99 124 50/787 66) 8 74| 24 46, 115 35| 1236 56 109 50/ 1061 20 1791) 71 98} 258 69} 2025 63 278 50| 1101 30; 1905; 73 75| 325 66| 2008 31 sescsseeeee} 171 20/ 1557] 26 42) 30838] 632 32 aes 34 00 J ALO) Nee 5 98} 105 47| 188 23 49 35) 114 85| 118 23) 58 65| 752 80| 25 20| 46 51 ee = ant = 1598} 4200| 16 001............ 110 50} 1005} 398 21886] 417 37 395) 480 65) 110 60| 22 00| 2309 85) 79 51| 102 20| 195 82| 3304 58 290/ 9808 209 40; 154 40| 1292 67; 24 09| 8269) 487 46) 2351 69 003 238 75) 212 00| 276 00/ 3799 56) 319 14) 160 01| 765 21| 5770 70 cestseeeees{ 20 001 130 00/ 37 00| 6925 320/ 2550 7584 360 79 02| 150 75| 145 35| 213 00/ 57065} 2102; 92 85| 152 83| 1337 47 164} 70 00| 2700 126 25} 621 14) 8065} 4920) 7735) 1053 23 109} 111 25| 146 79| 64 10| 455 95| 3557] 3496] 5927| 908 98 18 27| 136 75; 119 26, 9414| 1316 90/ 1100| 6500} 19801| 1959 33 274) 271 50| 285 45 61 50| 2054 01/ 112 95| 74 42| 472 80| 3335 37 30 00| 19700 6865| 900) 1514 74] 3615] 35 26| 185 73] 2076 53 12 34, 4700| 5900) 445 20/ 24061| 798) 74 84| 152 70| 1039 67 699| 4950 9440/ 250 59486, 900| 6962| ~ 142 47; 969 34 087| 255 25 2300 5633/ 80997| 2357] 6203| 13461; 1365 63 796) 2050] 32 75 121 61] 452 05|.........| 43 11] 225 26/ 903 24 619) 38 50| 12525) 186 00/ 725 72| 9 74| 5083; 146 90| 1288 13] Sessssssese} 68 50} 50 00| 3150 358 49| 39 25, 5703) 261 11| 865 88 0 46] 213 50| 243.00; 8500 1314 40/ 1796] 7678 631 70} 2582 80 ee...) 238 65 108 52 64 50 690 31] 5956) 68 72| 79106 2021 32 . a ae ‘ee 5 0 40 00/ 34 21 33 70) Phe sg 4 30| 264 00| 28783; 180 75| 2147°98| 34 76| 126 ‘3 acs aa si al 0 50)........../ 9535; 8965) 38695, 358] 4615 32951| 951 69 91 66| 254 801....... ....-| 2700} 132701, 19 90| 54 41/ 85 91| 1790 69 12 03] 213 76)........ 8 | eee 30} 4625 8286] 511 09 18 70| 225 65| 149 83| 219 24! 2168 66/ 3991) 125 70| 494 36, 3442 05 8 45] 180 10| 7180} 106 60| 1928 85| 843) 8319} 206 65| 2594 07 Sscsesvesss-} 138 75} 2850 1255| 386 39/ 9 00! 28 14, 23998] 843 31 sesssseesees| 157 50| 35 50| 158 25| 461.80) 16 46] 5760) 238 68| 1125 79 oe ....| 29 a 125 2 146 09 1751] 37 a 100 “ 455 92 100 eo, STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECAPITULATION. a FARMERS’ CLUBS Ez RECEIPTS 6 : oe m2; o g a 2 3 A | ee Z| Deficit COUNTIES 2rless| s-8 2 Oo S cS in Total g-|5 o| 3er 37 S) = 1900 we: oe fe (pees Q n SODIANGER .--.000- cnsvssecslosneee scons 6} 491) 113 73} 609 26) 241 50) 375 45)... 1339 94 DEANSTEAM «220. ..2eccccececnse cvecsvace 4) 209 40 35 210 00 123 50 17 00 3 37 394 22 St—Hyacinthe......---.cccerserreveeeee 10} 1136 34 10} 2441 14) 468 00; 58 25)......... eee 2996 49 St—JODMN 2c. 0 ce cocevesicvceee Fousseicsene 5 272 112 62 272 00 150 00; 31 40).........00. 566 02 St—-MAurice ......20. ..sccsseees sosconess 8} 634 160 48 711 00} 310 00) 20 97 0 14 202 59 TEMiSCOUALA......000 ceeeeees sonveones 19] 1445; 335 00) 1668 50 745 50) 243 70) 82 39 3075 09 Terrebonne...... .-ceccce secosseeeeeee| LL] 1091) 438 19] 1194 00} 507 00] 522 10 3 14 2664 43 THLEC—RivVeTS ......0. ..ceccssees eveoes 1 99 19 34 103 00 49 50] cavee.ssse.] sever escees 171 84 WIRE LOUT cba y ices co sanoisscusies oo -wanaitd 3 295 93 17| 295 00 127 50 74 25| 31 84 621 16 MIBECUOTER ccoecicneroriponeozend) 6 sceensise 6| 609! 372 67| 629 00 274 00] 93 10}...000-.00- ' 1368 77 USING ss eee ee ence ersesves -| 13) 1054 127 67} 1206 50) 523 50} 302 05 4 11 2163 83 PUAINARKA -ccncccorsaccsscsc wscseecvecsse| 610) -1801 104 83) 1030 75) 416 00} 319 90! 67 45 1938 93 530} 43392} 13706 11) 55349 47] 20787 50)22428 07| 1417 45) 113688 60: : | 4 101 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING 318T DECEMBER 1900 BY COUNTIES EXPENDITURE pee nity ot o n mn fgets o2 Deficit no aes a3 y 2) al oes 280 Mees |\2ss| 2s | 23 | S | 898) sae | Total Behas jes] ES | Og 3 ..oR. Lee a. Wn oat ecceeses DOGO lenene sintered 43 00 901 34 30 72 70 04 114 09 1339 94) 4 90 52 00 25 00 30 45 169 70 14 32 32 89 64 96) 394 22) 4 13 353 55 33 50 42 00; 2414 99 7 25 85 41 55 66, 2996 49) 7 53 188 50 67 00 3T 00 112 00 7 65) 42 85 103 49) 566 02) 44 30 149 51 SOG pcacae sa sce 685 28 25 12 55 46 207 07| 1202 59 62 61 295 50| 244 40) 171 65) 1835 85 24 78) 118 62 321 68; 3075 09 5 94 153 25 27 45) 349 52) 1816 08 15 46 84 3 212 35) 2664 43 SEMA GdaSs! eo cWeesesccses HO GOO \ecwcesceees AINOOVsescrsansae| * Lo. OF 10 77} 171 84 8 35 BANOO oesasceves 27 50 BGG iSiltseceticonece | 19 62 117 42 621 76! 3 31 191 00 WOOO sp ewamsaeaas 691 75) 6 00; 47 10 400 61) 1368 77 16 94 198 05 30 00} 246 17; 1386 30 29 75) 6 58! 180 04) 2163 83) 13 39 OO iL GO) ccccenavesce 1236 73 29 66, 114 22 45 93) 1938 93) 1172 60} 8922 79) 5677 93) 6777 27| 70086 39| 2235 98| 4136 97| 14678 67) 113688 60) —+. || eee eee se EE a | ey ee ee REMARKS 102 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF AGRICULTURAL. DESIGNATION RECEIPTS me ees Jone (Se2\2 se loSel 2 [e8 SOCIETIES SS)eQe |s2q (BaS |Sesieea |s22|5= lace 2s\2-8 |feos 2eg (2 oSle25 S2o5/ 5 |Saq | Total Holam= |Se& S68 |Boslsao (wle| 89 |aon gag |© “jos Sees eg hae [ae | Argenteuil -...0+--..csc0eseeeeceees | 221] 40 o6| AlT “| 638 30! 15 00) 192 53 MB en oh oe 14 32/1317 96 2S sapere er ae hea ay 510) 399 38) 522 00| 561 60) ......-.. i (ee 45; 00]... 1572 77 agot soot sssnavensnes veeees| 428) 112 01) 428 00) 576 50) «0.02... Sy | eee 3 QGlacdanee 1170 67 Beauce Diy. A Ler i mae ry | eee 260 OM iBT BA cdc <.|ceebeee oes 25 00| 6 79| 667 61 CL, OC eaan PF |sacenedsb el icsteenano el cteveennn til ue dueaids | -ODSDO| beams 1196 62° Compton = he tate dons | bus: _ ie a“ ee a SOl nose. 528 00} 80 50) 540 05/1147 62/2689 oe o IS: AGT eR 9 pA bee Aa 25 5O| ...cceeee| 595 74 Two-Mountains .... Pe ae a 412 48 a 00 fi - Iedencoulll Slosercoren| teckenean AG3+ 28) -xccvesee pee a ese ae caer ete! seeiseas{ acccveats:|' soccteea| 379 OOl” > eae Gaspé age Diy. os [ee AQ] FOG 11) A100) GO 76st bee ree ees 3 Al i.e ...| 211 35- Bee et Bo eee PRIN GD lh S. -. ccsctect laos ees 6162) 4B 20) crwces 1 50 : one! all oateaeeceee 0 22) 78 54 Hochelagi......-.-.scoces.seeee ese | 154)1%42-69| 361 00) G46.276) ccevesso} c-coces 2) eecens GB 02) sccm 2714 37° : Huntingdon Div. WA Fore oncuoweae 3175) Perea 417 00} 331 10) ....... 762 37/137 75| 144 65| 67 41/1860 28 : 5 aa (REIN aoe ee a es a 00} 5 00} 256 00] 25 00) 9 75| 175 00 ee “ : ate. Mah eens tite 2 BO) crecnsae. | oncsava- as] eosevosi| ~sseeponeus|| sat Jacques—Cartier ......2+. sess. 362| 657 81| 197 00| 623 00| 36 00| 192 15] 75 00| 99 40|...... ... 2180 86. ; Joliette me PaO eee aoseus| 20 eae 203:700|¢292 930) sever eocctearest|laseeecene 231 Ba 107 " 834 ee 4 — Ce ea eee ee, Pe BlvsaSecces cc} soebscsst,o}cqesetond Seer tee sscexecve cs] snide : RORPITSTITASICH Scone ss cous casccsdass || easel» 88 | ee sncdensende| saveeteon lease venren [oseeaesni| ieeeeeteres sscaseene .| 88 38 ; MARRS DE: ca vscees esac n2.,. 598| 275 87| 598 00] 525 50)....... SA biel]! 23 00) sscsensal 1422 37 Laprairie sssecsees seseneres secon eres BU Saeeoee eas 1419.00) "648: 80) coconsvestinconceospierl neerenas 25 00)... .. 1092 80: Lr ASBOIPLON. sion, .cecccser' ssovs 254) 303 2b} AQT 00}) 628.10 ereeealne cheeses mal iauaneense 5 65). .|1338 60 oe Ree Bihs Moeteipcdncsc lanes Oe ee B24, 00) 593. G0) setckves|leccetovcad veces 14 00| 176 31 i me TORO ee eee Fete wees we eeeee lee eens | rf ements an | ee weweeee an) eeeeeees . seewee seeveeees ow A aoe 110] 125 00] 220 00] 455 10)].....cc0 | esccceese]eccceees 2° 00]. -s>csunm 703 10 Lotbiniére No 1.......0.-..ssseces PEA aS eet dapane sal savecee ett. suche cebu Raeene meal] eaaraeees | axons 1 84 Maskinong6.....0.esce-ssseessssee. | 203| 111 33| 399 00} 642 24)......... Pah Wes, | 0 00} asaanm Ji153 47 Mégantic No Le...s. -+ sssssseen 139] ....... ..| 550 00) 310 90} 9 00! 87 80)......... 166 00) dames ..(1123 70+ - NE aS eae | 203; 42 68) 202 00) 291 70.......... 49) 00) cvseases! 60 00) .---eeeee 645 38 er tog es gvuigerapnkag| Neer -| an “4 583 70) 56 75} 772 15) 26 00 314 05/1082 58/3450 = Ceastiice ke sannewins ase viwets Slay decent 10) 622610). coscese aeeasceantel sence eee MING 450 co sons ves0ce wv | 115} 287 00] 310 00] 511 70|......0..|scssceseecc| soeecee. "109 50 aoe ty: = Montmorency Div. ee weceeess| 125] 3 62) 250 00) 403 10) 18 00) 4 00/......... 36 87| .--000) 715 59 Be Tae 155} 151 08) 90600) 314-90) -.s5-ccc7 | ase benid ceoceeake 55 14 726 12 Mapierville.... seessees ceseeeeee| 257] 230 96] 335 00) 511 34| ews | 88 75] 29 75] 9 Bl|-ceceseee »|1205 31 icolet... ieaene Spode ahs wnvtersad HOG ix eescs 6419 00) 555 20 bataventel aateeeaie 3: LO) c-secnce|bdeeccons | Gu QL Leones 211 35 oo al a Sp aE hy A OR aa ee Aik, eae sk Ages Bias 1] rae ee | seseveee} 58 83} 58 93 NUN toe chee sol nos oye'| co Useans | moceceed | iGvststawe loSececmacll sseeceecd [eseeecece | seoecte | 1 50) 1 50 le 69 40]....:.... 2:00) ....ccs-0]-e-0 eee DOB ek ces Hebcabenee | B14 veseeeees 78 54 Be os ono PAGED |eree.2as=| vess-ss» (241 00) 63° 25/196 18], c-oceee| 82 SB] ..cocees|co-os-0e.|102 3811969, 43 2714 37 127 TO CET |e ee AT 95/177 23) 7 50)..... heal ee 2 /182 00/113 08)........ 1860 28 140 11/586 50} 28 00] 42 00] ...... BRO NOL erste NAOT 4Glecsc oak 115 62] 53 38)......... 1119 00 eee aie D181, 00/252 00) 20 00) 2'7. 00) 78.93] ..... coo) .sceccoes| oveoncese| ssecees TO0VG0es4 22, 1086 58 Bets, {883 50/121 00}........./120 50/128 00/197 80] .....-..-|205 68].......06| .s-eeee(115 95/408 43] 2780 86 MEMEO OIAGOW 2G ex cescr| -ocaceces | cecocoes 100 25] 10 55|..-.e00 37 07/101 50] ........ |: 42° GBI pcos 834 59 Pe ee |cvceccees | ceccccase | cccccecos| cesses ape | Pa Bek ae hae pas \secuae 640 58) 640 58 MCE Cie ee once chee |'ccvascses| saceseas ||cscscusce | ss2teceua| vectwaceel au. cveesc|escaceans lech oeaee | 88 38) 88 38 oe ee SOR OA cc toteallCssse relies. occs 97 82| 21 85/299 00319 13) 64 47/437 06 1422 37 471448 75I .....0.- 80 00] 78 00] 86 12] 47 77|..-..... 19 00192 01, 69 00 7147 0 21 1092 80 a HEME |eeeeesee (218 O0|.ce...00«|104 00] 47 33) .-ccenece| 29 58) .-cccccsc|ecceeesse| 77 901147 79 1338 60 176 73/597 00)........ 31 Okt) eee TT 15] 24 75).. Bee cages 6 00) 55 95)......... 1037 91 Ee eee | occ cones |\ecsaccoes| Z2 = | OF Ioee Sag |g23/522| © |: | 5 [essle23| 22 22s) = | Es [22s] tom aon fn K+ s 3 By | ise £5) Ago! 3 29/560 me f° | s | ° |28 | as jas ASS] Es RES] ao | as |RSR 4 " lean 1 | caer | 36 15] 22 25/346 9l|......... 196 2a bay ods coe 1) eee 1,329 62 ss soseen 261 ae 00) 20 00 20 50/442 70| .......| 76 99). 10 45| 58 69| 78 96 986 47 a | sesaesare |soseosees| enaeece-| eeceere. {657 80) 85 50/106 48| .....00 59 49/521 42 1,430 69 i564 60l......... 80 za 88 00) 49 00/219 99).....-.. Te soho aoe | eee 5 00) 72 39 1,386 27 95 36/673 75| ........ |... 1147 00| 18 00}.........| FRE Leeman (alee ee 64 61/129 33 1,142 30 » 36 41) 25 00/142 20/338 75| 63 00) 7 00) 13 00) | 82 52/200 00 84 85| 50 00) 5 87 1,048 60 _ 182 78/795 90) 68 00.......... Rarer! 15 40] 56 16)........ | 97 50] ....... 120 36) 50 00) 77 61 2,063 70 | el ae 199 05|........ | 28 a el ae | 12 25] 54 99)......... 20 63] ..-00+0-+| 315 42 sescrssesn| 45 00/105 00/326 50) 67 00) 40 00) 23 30, 30 00, 5 75/165 67 10 00) 57 50713 54)" 1,593 26 | SSS ree Peer hee He ES can een Pee Joe Sy 578 52 578 52 Biieve a aa nee 2,018 59 pee 20) .....05.|..-.00+2. oe) RE ae 5 00/246 50) ........| 59 93 1,055 36 161 52/1703 00/138 00) ......... usthress 26 00/559 95} ........ AY D MBla io [2341 25/250 00)....+0004 5,591 48 | 88 44/508 55).........|......... | 17 00] 25 00} 9 45) ........ 1 00/150 00) ......... | 50 00) 37 62 890 06 Beet) 2tt BO) 2-20.02.) .--......| ---000e0- 68 50 44 40570 00) 25 84/159 10.......... | 63 81] 24 47] 1,397 10 _ a ae .|309 00).......-. rite ae ae Sat: ki SS ae | 34 G1) seus] 376 25 ee IGA, DO) i veeinen| s0n-00s-. 25 00205 00} 5 00/118 00......... | 37 71; 66 49) 625 20 ks... 376 25|....... 1 ae 15 00} 8 50)......... 4 20! 97 00 50 00 38 50, 4 89 594 34 638 62/409 80)......... 221 25] 58 50} 35 50) 67 70),....s0./121 B1|...covee. | --oseceee 63 98]......2.- 1,616 66 a ae 345 00/284 50).........] 84 55| 17 30)......... 42 75/205 00| .....-.. | 40 00 57 25 1,076 35 aise. (377 50]....... “4 ae ees 30 00| 73 50)......... at aa ES ee 544 35 dis... EF hci on | cceceien| -oeaioeen ES nae eee TS | 30 77| 24 36 503 83 Dy 228 03/369 50).........| ....0. f 25 00] 57 80)......... 229 46/210 05)......... | 62 43113 03 1,295 30 a — = ieee | 6293 66/29 503/2457 70/64 (47/1238 15| 2174 10 6878 68 3772 65/4752 30/5030 09/5641 89) 4142 57/9264 89 86,338 18 = al rr 106 COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURE PROCEEDINGS of the Council of Agriculture during the fiscal year 1900-01, approved by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council. SETTING of 24th. October 1900. First Resolution :—That Messrs Aug. Dupuis and Robert Ness be re- elected President and Vice-President, respectively. Second Resolution :—That the different Committees be composed as follows : Committee on Agricultural Merit :—Messrs Ness, Garneau, Talbot, Draper, Hunter and Hotte. Committee on Agricultural and Veterinary Schools :—Messrs Bou- rassa, Ness, Dawes, Talbot, Garneau and Dubord. Committee on the Journal of Agriculture :—Messrs Walker, Draper, Pouliot, Gouin, Bourassa, Boily and Grignon. Committee on Herd-Books :— Messrs Ness, Dawes, Pilon, Decarie and Garneau. OCT. OUELLET, Secy of the Council of Agricullure. SETTINGS of 23rd and 24th January 1901. Second Resolution :—That the Council is of opinion that it is advisable to grant to the County of Montmagny model farm association the right to sell the said model farm, on such conditions as the Government may deem proper. Third Resolution :—That article 53 of theregulations of the Council of Agriculture be amended by adding thereto the following paragraph : 107 ‘‘ However, when an agricultural society shall decide to purchase istered sires or to grant premiums to the owners of such animals for eping the same, instead of holding an exhibition, the total amount of iis members’ subscriptions may be reimbursed in fodder seed or artificial ertilizers at the discretion of the Board of Directors of such Society.” 2. That the law respecting Agriculture and the regulations of this Council, as amended to date, be translated and published in English as soon as possible for the use of this Council and of the directors of the agri- sultural and horticultural societies. Eleventh Resolution.—That the following regulation be adopted : Article 54a.—The annual premiums for keeping animals for breeding aentioned in article 53, may be granted for two consecutive years and on the conditions laid down by the directors. When these premiums are ranted, the Society may open in the spring, in the month of May, a ompetition of breeding stock, both in horses and cattle, te which these onuses may be given, and award prizes payable out of the Government rant. The competitors may reside outside the county, but no competitors shall be entitled to a prize or toa premium unless the animal, for which a premium is allowed and of which he is the owner, be kept within the Society's limits for breeding purposes during the following season or juring the two following seasons, if he be granted a premium to that ffect. These animals must have a certificate of pedigree, duly revised by a veterinary surgeon named by the Department of Agriculture and urther, in the case of stallions, a certificate in the following form. CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION OF STALLIONS. In accordance with the regulations of the Council of Agriculture Which govern the employment of the sums of public money appropriated i the encouragement of agriculture by the purchase of STALLIONS by AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. _ I, the undersigned, veterinary surgeon, duly authorized by the partment of Agriculture to examine such stallions, hereby certify that 108 I have examined for Agricultural Society No...... of the county of ...... oat «conga aieaes a stallion known under the name Of.......0. cescee cescee cevsccens f PIII oo peared EE hugely Va banser inches, of whiel the descriptic is as follows: PRIN konpa. cones years and, in my opinion, this horse is sound and h no hereditary defect. I have examined the certificates of pedigree and found them corre and | certify that this stallion has been properly ie in volw ee Sp ee page...............0f the STUD BOOK of... one. -201 appears by the certificate in question. } I declare further that in my opinion this horse possesses individu: merit in his shape, bone structure and gait to recommend it to the agi cultural societies of the province, for the improvement of horses. Ret IRTS IRS ra eis estntac a ae x this I Bd eS sn 19 Veterinary Surgeon These certificates should be renewed annually. The society should pass a contract in writing with the owner of th animal for which a premium is given. Ifthe animal be a stallion, thi writing may be drawn up in the manner following : CONTRACT FOR A STALLION. Beetween Agricultural Society No......... of the County of........-.... Pavel awed Nancie he peudars duly represented by........- ....s:00s sossesses/dssnnnnnnnnE Gated aesouk re tuaiies Fesiding in the...... .......0..ssses cscsosces OLseas 0 s/euenannnnn pilechite tens BEL A010 OTE oecins’o os sodn08 se csice -syn0) sneusween eee —— 2 to the effect hereof by a resolution bdonted by the board of directors ¢ the said society on the......... ......ecsees day of the month Of cscccoee ..eee eee one part. BIN BEF .ccse.snse4s casenseas conserves ose coseseve asauiabel apne residin; aghaness sencvdune'udarmeban aeeiae duke povcessOL the othe part : It is agreed as follows: RUE. TT Bea esc aratvanne ds Second Resolution:—The Department of Agriculture having decide ¢ to give effect to the resolution adopted by the Council of Agriculture relative to the improvement of our breeds of animals, it is of the utmost importance to seriously consider : 4 1. That the agricultural class be instructed in a practical and uniform | manner, either through the medium of the Journal of Agriculture or . through bulletins, in regard to the best means of improving our breeds) | of animals as in the other provinces. , 1 ; 2. That it is impossible to practise horse-breeding to advantage with-| out action on a solid basis, which would necessitate a new organization, | the establishment of a ‘“‘ Stud-Book ” or access to an existing ‘‘ Stud-Book,” in which the registrations would be made under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture. q That it would be very opportune and even economical for the Depart-| ment of Agriculture to have at its disposal and that of this Council 1 competent veterinary surgeon, whose services would be most useful to) the agricultural class in the great work of improving our breeds of stock and that, as a matter of fact, all the departments of agriculture in Canada| have one or more veterinary surgeons permanently attached to them i in the interest of the agricultural class. : Quebec, 12th June, 1901. | OCT. OUELLETTE, i Secy, Council of Agriculture. 4 q 111 ACRICULTURAL LECTURES To tHE Honoras.eE F.-G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit the report of my work as agricultural lecturer, together with my observations for the fiscal year expired. I gave 153 lectures in the presence of 24,395 persons, as certified by the chairman and secretary of each meeting, in the following counties: CouNTIES. LECTURES. ATTENDANCE. MUTI LIM.. .-.02222.-0- sonceces 8 1585 Esc ance acesnee Ree 12 2040 Terrebonne.........cceree coves 6 1120 ero 24 3370 QuUEDEC....2.002 ceeeeeeee rere eens 5 1100 MTPIVOTOR.. J.cc0ce.- 20 seeeses-- 2g 425 Laprairic.., ......0- ...serceeees 5 750 OTE icnw, wsnes caccoscceess 5 450 MY ieweewsces «o-cocce covese 3 245 Rouville......0. . eee 1 125 i 4 350 Bellechasse ......... ..-..0+00- 1 300 MHRMENIEGE, auiecccsalecdsee svesacee 2 400 Chicoutimi and Saguenay 20 2355 EEE E-) OID... -2000% .cceeee 6 645 Kamouraska ...ecceeer vee sever re 800 TVGRCHOBLCY .....000-..0000 vases 15 2210 PEPETOTIBKL . pcnce ss oc cescccnesss 9 1130 PAEVONILUTC.......0000 so ccese 13 9445 MVE OUS core cece. cecss cccpes 10 2110 Champlain...... .. .. seseere 2 400 ——_ Total Lectures.......-.0+88: 153 Tot. attendance.. 24,395 112 I have only praise to tender to the farmers for the zeal shown by them in attending my lectures and for the attention kindly paid by them ~ to the same. The lectures are no longer attended out of curiosity, simply to hear a stranger, but for the purpose of instruction. I have noted with pleasure marked improvement along the whole ~ line in the matter of agriculture. DAIRY INDUSTRY. In this industry, the progress is more marked than in any other branch of agricultural industry. More care is taken in the feeding of stock in winter and the selection and cleanliness of the cattle and milk in summer. I met at St. Constant two farmers, Mr. Simeon Létourneau, who real- ized $1920 out of 30 cows during one year or $64 per cow by selling his milk in Montreal, and his brother-in-law, Mr. Emery Robidoux, who, du- ring nine months, transported the milk of his 18 cows to the butter and cheese factories and realized $708, besides $98.00 from his pork and calves or $62 per cow. Yet fifteen years ago, these gentlemen told me that they were satis- fied when a cow yielded them in one year a sum of $20. Today, they no longer keep in their stables a cow that does not return $40 a year. But the care with which these cows are treated must be seen to be appre- ciated. At any hour of the day or night, a handkerchief may be rubbed over their backs without being soiled by a grain of dust. These two farm- ers have carefully applied themselves to selection, to raising heifers only from the best milk cows, to keeping choice bulls and lastly to improving their method of feeding. I have met hundreds of farmers who realize $40 to $50 and even more per cow, which is tantamount to saying that the dairy industry is making immense strides every year. Competitions in dairy cows contribute greatly to the improvement 113 of our herds. The competitions in dairy products, curing rooms, the ins- pection of milk and of factories, the Journal of Agriculture and agri- cultural lectures have greatly contributed to the improvement of our butter and cheese. A FINE CRUSADE. The members for the counties of Chicoutimi and Lake St. John, and those of the county of Chicoutimi and Saguenay organized in June last a vigorous and effective crusade against everything detrimental to the pro- duction of good butter and good cheese. We attacked the enemy square- ly. The Ottawa Government was represented by Mr. J. C. Chapais, the Quebec Government firstly by Dr. W. Grignon and then by Mr. O. E. Dallaire who replaces him, and the Dairy Association by Mr. J. A. Pla- mondon, sub-inspector of the butter and cheese syndicates of the province. _ At seven o’clock in the morning, we all went to a factory where the milk was received by the local inspectors. All milk that was unfit for the man- ufacture of butter or of cheese was rejected, while the worn out and dirty cans were noted. We then inspected the butter or the cheese of the factory, noting the defects to be corrected. I never saw so much enthusiasm, repentance and determination among the sinners in the dairy industry. After this visit, we lectured on the care tobe given to the utensils and the milk and on the selection of milch cows and their feeding in winter and summer. These visits to each factory are really the best way of reaching every- body. Men, women and children were at all of them. When we saw the farmers so well disposed, we availed ourselves of the occasion to get the following rules adopted ; 1. The manufacturer shall make without delay the improvements suggested by the chief inspector ; 2. The manufacturer shall refuse to accept any milk that has not been strained and aerated with an aerating strainer covered with a double cheese cloth ; 8 114 ee ——— 98 The manufacturer shall apply the “curd” test to the milk once a week in order to find out by whom bad quality milk is supplied ; 4. It shall be forbidden to smoke or chew tobacco in the factory, to crowd into it or to enter it with muddy feet ; 5. No “rejected patron” shall be admitted to an adjacent factory without the permission of the manufacturer whom he leaves (and this in accordance with the conventional clause of the manufacturers’ association of the district). ; I visited 26 factories, all of which agreed with enthusiasm and sin- cerity to accept this regulation. This crusade has had a good effect, if I can judge from the following letter : CHICOUTIMI, 28th October, 1901. Dear Doctor, The lectures which you gave us last June with your colleagues have done great good in my syndicate. We have strenuously followed the advice given us and every one is well satisfied. For my own part, I am well satisfied and I can supply you with proof of this. Among the exhibits of cheese at the Quebec Exhibition, the first prizes were carried off by manufacturers of my syndicate, for colored cheese, that is to say, they won all the prizes, as there were only four and this success is due to the visiting of each factory and the lectures there delivered. Your devoted servant, PITRE TREMBLAY, Inspector. I am not prepared, to advise you to encourage a similar crusade throughout the whole province, and this for two reasons: 1. Because the number of lecturers would have to be increased beyond measure. 2. Because the same necessity for it does not exist everywhere although there are sometimes people so thin-skinned that kid gloves must be used in telling them plain truths. 115 To do what we did in the counties of Lake St. John, Chicoutimi and Saguenay, kid gloves must be thrown aside and there must be a population well disposed to correct their defects. After visiting the county of Charlevoix, I ascertained that a similar crusade would do immense good there. It is necessary to shake off the apathy of this county, which is rather behind the rest of the province in the matter of the dairy industry and I have learned with pleasure that its members, Messrs. Angers and Morin are organizing a crusade in the style of the one above mentioned. OUR DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES. If the county of Charlevoix is behind the other counties of the province sas regards the dairy industry, it is not so in the matter of domestic indus- _ try for I have rarely seen so much beautiful work in flannel, linen and wool as in that county. Mr. Joseph Cimon inherited from his father a farm burthened with mortgages and debts of all kinds. Loving the land, Mr. Cimon procured some treatises on agriculture generally, and especially the Journal of Agriculture, which follows him all the time, even in his fields, made drains, divided his farm, sowed plenty of clover, increased his herds and took care of his manures. The debts have been paid and replaced by savings. I could not leave Baie St. Paul without going to greet so deserving a man. If Mr. Cimon has been so successful, he owes the fact not alone to his personal merit ; he owes it also to his worthy wife, who, owing to her skillfulness in domestic industry, has obviated the necessity of many purchases at the stores. Everything in the way of household linen is made by Madame Cimon, which I remarked with great surprise in the home of this lady. She wore so pretty a dress that I asked her where she had bought it, a rather indiscreet question on the part of a man, but I had to have my trifling curiosity, the first of my life in that line, satisfied. ~~ 9°. ' 7 “ It was I myself, Sir, who wove it with my own. hands, cut it and made it up.” 116 — “T can say the same, she added, of every thing else you see in the house = | parlor curtains, bed-room curtains, dining-room curtains, bed quilts, table cloths, carpets, carriage rugs, body linen, &c., &c.”’ Madame Cimon, showing me a pair of cuffs which she had worn for ten years, said to me: ‘“ Do you think, Sir, that store cuffs would have worn as well as these which I made for myself ten years ago.” I am not. astonished that, with such a wife, Mr Cimon has been so succesful. I also admired two dresses of black stuff made by Madame Cimon, one for — herself and the other for her young daughter; it was a very rich and last- ~ ing stuff good for a lifetime. ] Madame Cimon’s mottois: To sell as much as possible and to buy as littleas: — possible. After all, is not this the putting into practice of the motto which has. — made France rich and prosperous and which explains why our ancestors ~ had gold in their coffers, while we, who make more money than they did, have more debts? It was while admiring Madame Cimon’s works that I asked myself whether it would not be possible to turn our domestic — industries to good account and to better utilize our dead seasons by fur- — nishing work for our boys and girls. Mr C. Angers, M. P. for the County of Charlevoix, told me in October — last that the American millionaires who spend the summer at Murray Bay, are delighted with our home-made stuffs, flannel and linen and that they never go away without taking with them a good supply of the same. Why, then, should we, Canadians of Quebec disdain them so much? Why should we not be the first to wear them. Many parish priests, business men, farmers and professional men would be glad to see you give a vigorous impulse to their project of reviving domestic industry in our Canadian families as it formerly existed and as it actually exists in France. PREMIUMS TO BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES. In the name of thousands of settlers, I thank you, for the grants 117 which you have given to aid the construction of creameries and cheese factories in the colonization centres. By assuring the establishment of these factories, you have retained on the soil thousands of settlers who were bereft of all resources owing to the falling offin the lumber industry and who in future will derive from their herds sufficient reyenue to give them an honorable living. Co-OPERATIVE DAIRY SOCIETIES. ‘ I remarked with pleasure in the course of the year that the import- ance of large factories seems to be better understood and that, to prevent competition, the formation of co-operative societies has been deemed ad- visable. I would advise the large factories threatened with competition to do what has just been done at St. Thecle, county of Champlain. Mr. Auzias Audet was the proprietor of a combined butter and cheese factory receiving 13,000 lbs of milk daily. Having been obliged one day to be severe and to refuse bad quality milk, a group of three or four -of the’malcontents contemplated starting an opposition factory. On learn- ing of their proceedings, Mr. Audet called upon them to propose that they should purchase his factory at the price fixed by arbitration. “I would rather—said Mr. Audet—leave here than sce so fine a district spoiled.” Reasonable as they were, Mr. Audet’s propositions were re- jected. The parish priest and Dr. Bordeleau, recailing a communication which I had published in the Journal of Agriculture and which had been reproduced in Le Soleil of Quebec upon the co-operative society of St. Jean, Island of Orleans, hunted it up and read it to all the patrons of the factory, whereupon a syndicate was formed and the opposition were obliged to send back the machines intended for the new factory, with the result that to day everyone is satisfied. ROADs. Every one asks for and likes good roads, but when it comes to take the means to secure them, the gordian knot of the question presents itself. Here, it is a mayor who is lacking in energy and the spirit of initiative ; there, it is a mayor who is afraid to lose his popularity by touching the Beeston. And, asaresult, the roads in such municipalities should be seen | 118 — In the municipalities, in which the mayors and municipal councils. are energetic enough to buy a road machine and to use it well, every one is content. Mayors have been turned out, but their constituents were afterwards very glad to take them back, To my mind, our system of road inspection is defective. How cana poor, unsalaried inspector, who lives by the help the whole community, be expected to prosecute for neglect neighbors to whom he looks of every day for services, or relatives, friends, etc.,etc. He isin a hurry to get through his term of office in order to hand his duty over to another with all the work left by his predecessor. So long as we shall not have road machines (reversible ploughs), a day’s labor imposed upon every man between 18 and 60 years of age and in each county two or three salaried inspectors, we cannot hope to per- manently secure good roads, unless we do as in certain counties in the Eastern Townships—put all the roads and bridges under the exclusive contro] of the municipality. But as all these measures are caleulated to create taxes, they are unpopular in some counties. MY NEXT PROGRAMME OF OPERATIONS. I propose, until further orders, to follow the following programme in my lectures: 1. To treat every subject which you may be pleased to suggest. 2. The care to be given to milk and dairy vessels. 3. To strongly recommend the use of the Account Book prepared with so much care by my learned colleague, Prof. O. H. Dallaire, agricul- tural lecturer. 4. Wheat growing for the family bread. . Domestic industries. or 6. The establishment of cooperative dairy societies. 7. Road improvement. tn Ae Tin taarlr fi, | alae encanta peat Nip A AE te +. nce CPR Me tar a 119 8. The production of bacon. 9. Improvement of horses and milch cows. 10. The cultivation of orchards. The ae humbly submitted. Dr. W. GRIGNON, Agricultural Lecturer. To THE HonorABLeE F. G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to lay before you the principal observations made by me in the course of the 161 agricultural lectures which I delivered during the year just elapsed. The interest in the lectures continues to increase. They are being more and more appreciated, judging from the attendance and the many pertinent questions put to us. We drew the attention of the farmers particularly to the bacon industry. I would respectfully submit that in their competitions the Agri- cultural societies and farmers’ clubs should grant special and large prizes to encourage the raising of breeds of pigs suitable for this purpose. Thus far, we have not that I know of included this improvement in the pro- gramme which should be prepared to meet actual wants and not a repetition frequently inferior to what has been already done. There is no doubt that the prospect of winning prizes at the competi- tions induces the farmers to make sacrifices in order to procure choice sires, which is rather heavy upon the man whose ambition is greater than his means. 120 —_— — The exportation of poultry, fruits &c., supplied us with timely sub- jects. . Wheat and flax-growing were also the object of our remarks. NEW STYLE OF LECTURES. Your kind solicitude enabled as to undertake a new style of lectures, consisting in gathering together the patrons and their wives at each butter or cheese factory. There, in each other’s presence, the manufacturers and the patrons assist at the public reception of the milk, the inspection of the cans &c. Then, all together, they inspect the factory in all its details and all its surroundings. And the investigation closes with the inspection of the butter or the cheese, the result being if possible kept secret from the next factory, The lecturer’s duty then consists in recalling without weakness or partiality the duties and the defects of each. The common sense of the people and public interest rendered not only easy, but even agreable for us a task which at first sight appeared to us rather hard. The lectures were altogether very fruitful in good results. CURING ROOMS AND WHEY VATS. We noted that, in general, the curing rooms are defective and occa- sion the loss of the value of 3 to 4 lhs per cheese, equal to $30.00 to $40.00 per 100 cheeses or at the lowest 5 per cent on the cheese made in this province, that is to say, $400,000 to $500,000 a year. As for the whey vats, they are in general also badly kept, so that the whey from them absolutely poisons both the cans in which it is carried away and the young cattle to which it is fed. The pork-raising industry suffers enormously through this neglect. 121 These are two of the principal causes which render our cheese fre- quently inferior to that of Ontario and retard hog-raising. INSPECTORS OF BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES. We also respectfully submit that the inspectors of butter and cheese factories should announce some of their visits in advance and invite thereto all the patrons and their wives. Visits made unawares are verifications which are hardly profitable, judging from the deplorable negligence too often noted. Some inspectors seem to encroach upon each other, despise each other _ and thus lose the confidence of the public. AGRICULTURAL BOOK-KEEPING. Owing to your generous attention a good “ Method of Book-keeping ” _ for the agricu]tural class has been distributed among our rural population. We find to-day numbers of farmers employing this system of book- keeping, specially ruled for their use, with as much care as our best business houses keep their books. By this method, an exact account of the expenses, the revenues and the profits and losses of each department of the farm is rendered easy. The pupils of our elementary schools would gain much by instruction in this system and by preparatory lessons in agricultural book-keeping. ROADS. A certain number of citizens believe that the quickest and most effective way to improve the public |highways and by-roads is to induce the municipal councils to take them under their absolute control, leaving 122 to each taxpayer liberty to work or not upon them in order to pay his 4 share of the assessment for the purpose. | Several municipalities would favorably view the employment of the Government grant in the payment of part of the salary of a good inspector, who would be under the supervision and direction of the General Inspector already in office. The salaries of these local inspectors should be responsible for accidents arising through their neglect in having the roads repaired. In practice, this system would annually cost our municipal councils. less. The whole respectfully submitted, I have the honor to be, Your grateful servant, O. E. DALLAIRE, Agricultural Lecturer. Ste. Rose, 26 November, 1901. 123 — a — IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS HONORABLE F.-G.-M. DECHENE, Commissioner of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit my report upon the improvement of roads for the year 1900-1901. Your obedient servant, J. A. CAMIRAND, Provincial Superintendent of Roads. a ee I am pleased to inform you that in my trips made since last year, I have remarked pretty considerable changes in the improvement of roads in our province. In some places a road machine has been used and the road surface rounded, inclining slightly towards the bottom of the ditches, in others macadam has been used; elsewhere again permanent culverts have been built and the people seem to desire to get out of the groove in which they have remained too long. Why should there not be an awakening in the country ? Because the farmers are those who suffer the most from the bad state of our roads is it a reason why they should remain unmoved and asleep ? Is it because the question of good roads is of the greatest importance to them with a view to the future success of our dairy industry, that they should remain quiet ? Ought they not to interest themselves in what is actually being done elsewhere ? Ought they not to find out what is being done to the public roads in the United States and even in the neighboring province of Ontario. I perceive that they have learned that they must immediately parti- cipate in the great advance towards good roads. We have much pleasure in thanking the parish priests who have never missed an opportunity of assisting us in our work for the improvement of public roads, and who are striving every day to induce their people to change their way of making and repairing roads. IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS WITH A VIEW TO THE DAIRY INDUSTRY. Ii is well known and understood, that the dairy industry is the life of the farmers in the Province of Quebec. But it can only be made to pay during those months of the year when transport is easy and not costly. This reduces the period to a part of May, the months of June, July, August, September and part of October. The month of April and part of May, part of October and the month of November are the time of bad roads and it is almost impossible during that time to travel. The result is that the necessary care of the herds of cows ceases and the production of milk ceases at the same time. If, instead of this state of affairs, we had hard and firm roads in the spring and fall, which would allow our farmers to carry their milk easily, you may judge yourself, how many thousands of dollars it would put into their pockets, which at present do not even know the color of it. I compare the dairy industry to a tree which grows in proportion to the care it receives from the hand of him who cultivates it. It must be forced to grow and increase for when it ceases to do so, it will die. The dairy industry should receive the same treatment, by facilitating its develop- ment, by reducing the cost of production, and, what is essential, by increasing the quantity through care and the facility of transport. HINDRANCES TO THE RAPID IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC ROADS I think that the greatest obstacle, in my experience, to the rapid improvement of public roads is the system of building and improving roads according to lot fronts or shares. By thissystem, the work is scattered and separated ; there remains no common bond to induce the people to gather together or combine for a definite purpose. For instance they cannot say “we will cut down such a hill” or “ we will make such an improvement” for the cutting down of that hill or the intended improvement, would fall pt neal alc erie area ee ee ae > 125 perhaps upon a single individual, and the burden would perhaps be his ruin. If, on the contrary, the roads were at the charge of the municipality, these works would be done without its being felt. It is my opinion that individual efforts must be concentrated toward a single point in order to accomplish great improvements by levying a tax on all the properties, payable in work or in money and then directing such work towards the accomplishment of an end for the benefit of the majority. If, instead of spending two hundred dollars over a distance of four miles, as we do at present individually, these two hundred dollars were applied to a single locality, say two miles of road, each year, we would see far different results than at present. European countries understood that and did away with this system to adopt one of concentration which has given them the fine roads which are the admiration of travellers. J. A. CAMIRAND. Provincial Superintendent of Roads. EXPERIMENTAL FRUIT STATIONS OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC ESTABLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF QUEBEC IN THE COUNTIES OF BEAUCE, CHICOUTIMI, COMPTON, GASPE, L’ISLET, MASKINONGE AND SHEFFORD. HONORABLE F. G. MIVILLE D&CHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Honorable Sir, I have much pleasure in submitting the fourth report on the experi- mental stations for the cultivation of fruit trees, which I have visited. The directors of the stations have done their duty, and the results have been most satisfactory, except at Ste. Anne de Chicoutimi, where the cold weather of last winter was disastrous to the plantation. 126 At the other stations, the fruit trees are remarkably fine and vigorous and splendid apples have been gathered there. I am happy to be able to confirm the report of each director. Great was the surprise at Gaspé to see the rows of Duchess, Transpa- rent and Wealthy laden with apples. The Siberians, Excelsior and Whitney were also bearing fruit at the time of my visit. In this northerly region, it was considered impossible to cultivate apples and the finest kinds of gooseberries, raspberries, cherries and plums. The Rev. Mr. Gauthier, who visited the station with me, was amazed at the vigor of the trees and the fine fruit they produced. At St. Léon station, county of Maskinongé, the apple trees are very sturdy, they grow one third more wood here than in the village of des Aul- naies. Complete rows of Duchess, Transparent and Wealthy bore fruit this fall, of remarkable size, smooth skin and delicate color, which would have showed to advantage in large exhibitions of fruits. The Red Astrakan, Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy, yellow Trans- parent, Brunswicker, Tetofsky and Longfield apple trees are large and sturdy ; no finer of the same .age are to be seen in the Niagara valley. The Ben Davis and Alexander are slightly less sturdy. The Golden Russet, Salome, Belle of Boskoop and Scott’s Winter leave somewhat to be desired. The Arabka, Antonovka, Pewaukee, Magog Red Streak, Bottle Green- ing, coming from the west did not succeed well. These trees must have ~ been fumigated in the nurseries after the sap began to run, for the director Mr. Paquin, planted the trees carefully. The plum trees at this station grow too rapidly to bear fruit early ; the ground is much richer than that of the county of I’Islet where plum trees are so productive. It is somewhat the same with cherry trees. We shall try cutting the roots of several of the plum trees and chérry trees nex! year, to force them to bear fruit and we shall cease to employ stable manure. 127 Station at Compton Model Farm. 4 The Deputy-minister, Mr. G. A. Gigault, has already given you an account of his visit last fall to this well kept farm, where the trees are generally very fine, several bearing fruit. The director, Mr. LeMoyne, is an enthusiast in horticulture as well ‘as agriculture, and does not fail to give the trees every attention required. Insects are banished from the plantation which he sprinkles with a sprayer, using the insect-destroyer recommended. In the rich soil of Compton the plum tree grows to wood and not fruit. Plum trees of the same age in the county of l’Islet produce, while _ those of the same kind in Compton as in Maskinongé are not yet forming fruit buds. It is the same in Arthabaskaville and in the Eastern Town- _ ships, where the plum trees bear but little fruit and rarely. In certain localities of France where plum and cherry trees did not pay, they ascertained, by analysing the soil, what was wanting and by the use of fertilizers containing saltpetre, etc., trees which were barren have been made fruitful. Being desirous of following this example, I have asked several persons, this fall, for samples of the soil for analysis. Honorable ' Mr. Cormier alone sent samples to your department of the soil and sub- soil taken in different places. The chemist of the department of Agricul- ture who will analyse it will soon enlighten us, I hope, as to the means to be taken to improve the ground and render it favorable for the pro- duction of stone fruits so desired by our fellow citizens of the Eastern Townships and the counties of Maskinongé, ete. At Compton station, the sowing of the seed of Norway maple-trees has succeeded very well: the plants which are from 5 to 7 feet in height are strong and well formed. The success of the nursery of 1000 apple-trees of assorted varieties was also very encouraging. The small grafts which were not moro than 2 inches out of the ground when then were planted in May 1900 had by the month of August 1901, attained a height of from three feet and a half to four anda half feet. In a year, these strong and well formed trees, may be transplanted into the orchard upon the farm, or distributed amongst to the 128 eS ooo ——_ oe farmers of the locality, or again amongst the pupils of the Model Farm who have learned grafting upon roots and who have seen the cultivation, cutting and growth of these apple-trees, which will be worth more than, those from the west for planting in orchards. It is evident that the western nursery-men weaken or kill the trees by forced fumigation injudiciously practiced ; a large number do not take. This fumigation of the trees to destroy the San José Scale has killed more trees than the insect itself. Mr LeMoyne, with every possible care, could not get trees coming from the west to take: this is also the opinion of the members of the Jj Pomological Society. How many losses have been incurred by farmers of the Province of Quebec who have bought and planted trees damaged by fumigation. Compton, Que., November 380th, 1901. AuaustTE Dupuis, Esq., Director of Experimenta! Stations, Village des Aulnaies. Sir, I beg herewith to submit my annual report of this Station. After Mr. Verreault paid me a visit last summer (1900), I pinched back the great growth of wood we had on the trees, and followed his advice about a few minor details and the results have been good. The apple trees have done very well.. The Yellow Transparent bore fruit this year, as did also the Emperor Alexander and the Wealthy. The Cherry trees have made a most vigorous growth but as yet we have not had any fruit and I am inclined to think that the trees ought to be planted in clumps close together aud not in line among the apple trees, I intend to take up some of the smaller trees next spring and replant them in that manner. 129 The growth of the plum trees has been remarkable, I got a little fruit on one of the trees that came from France, the “ Ste. Catherine”: but none on any of the others. I have pinched back this year’s growth of wood as directed and hope for good results next year. The pear trees are doing well and I hope to have some fruit on them before long. We had a phenomenal crop of strawberries this year, but lost quite a few by the heavy rains and storms about the time they were ripe. The asparagus bed was a source of much pleasure and profit this year as we had all we could consume, and may have some to sell next year. According to your instructions 1 had cedars put in between the maples planted around the orchard ; with one or two exceptions they have taken and are doing well. The grafts you sent me from Ottawa in 1900 are now three feet high ; they have grown remarkably weil and will have to be removed next year, as will also the young silver maples grown from seed sent by the Department of Agriculture at Quebec in 1899. The “ Honey Locust ” plants sent in 1900 I planted in a hedge and I am pleased to say that they have grown well and are an ornament to the place. We had an abundant crop of red and white currants, also goose berries. The red and white raspberries were not as prolific as last year. The black ones however bore well. - The orchard is now getting so large and the land requiring cultiva- tion for a few years longer, [ have to be very particular in changing the crop on the different plots each year. I would be greatly aided in this work if I had a good practical gardener. From the general appearance of the orchard and the buds on many 9 130 ee ——— of the apple trees I should think it would not be long before we had a good supply of fruit. The trees in the orchard near the house, which were planted some years ago bore well this year, but the fruit is of a kind that does not keep well, the winter varieties are much more profitable for us. Respectfully submitted, Your obt. servant, (Sig.) JOHN M. LEMOYNE Man. Exp. Fruit Station Plants at the Compton Station at the time of my visit, 30th July 1901 ee Apple-tress. Transparent. Peach, Duchess Brunswicker. Salome. Mann. Longfield. Wolfe River. Belle of Boskoop. Ben Davis. Fameuse. Rubicon. Baxter. Rome Beauty. Wealthy. Canada Baldwin. Alexander. Red Britigheimer. Golden Russet. Antonovka. Red Astracan. Arabka. Tetofski. Magog Red Streak. Gravenstein. Bottle Greening. Apple-trees in the nursery. Grafts planted, 1900.—800 trees 34 to 4} feet. Cherry-trees. E. Richmond. Dye House. French. Montmorency. Pear trees. Flemish Beauty. ene) eee) ee ee ee Ae ee Os 0~ ree =< ee ee taticnk ol 131 Plum trees. Ste. Catherine. Shipper’s Pride. Lombard. Washington. Moor’s Arctic. Niagara. Imperial Gage. Golden drops Stanton. Willard. Damson Blue. Glass Seedling. Guii. B. Ste. Anne. Reine Claude (G. Gage.) Prince of Wales. German Prune. Beauty of Naples. Bradshaw. “ Brodie ” seeding. Pond’s Seedling. Russian Apple trees, imported by Gibb, grown by R. Hamilton Grenville, Que. Lord’s Apple. Malinovka Leevlander. Flat Aport. Erdbeeraffel. Sklianka. Gipsy Girl. Babushkins. St. Peters. Antonovka. Blue Anis. Switzer. Striped Astracan. RigaTitooke. Goose-berries. Downing. Industry. Houghton. Crown Bob. Currants Black Champion. White Grape. N. Star. Cherry. Acacias hedges very fine. Trees for protection, very sturdy. Apple seedlings, fine. Raspberries. White variety, name unknown, very large and good fruit, worthy of propagation. 132 Strawberries. Sharpless. William. Wilson. Raspberries and Blackberries Orange. Ohio. Cuthbert. Greg. Vines Champion. The station is very well kept and is worth visiting. Compton, 30th July 1901. AUG. DUPUIS. Fruit-growing Station of St. Francois, Beauce. The station for the connty of Beauce, established at St. Frang¢ois im 1899 at the college of the Reverend Marist Brothers, is well kept and the trees are as fine as those of St. Léon. Some apple and plum trees are — already 8 feet high and over, with trunks two inches in diameter. The | bark of the trees is smooth and clear, the wood at the end of October last | was well ripened and capable of resisting the winter cold. ; The soil and climate of St. Francois seem favorable to fruit-growing ~ if one may judge by the present appearance of the apple, plum, cherry and pear trees and small fruits. A nursery of 1000 apple trees forms part of the plantation. The grafts | planted in May 1900 were from 4 to 4% feet high this fall and are well formed. The Reverend Brothers intend to give these plants as presents to those | of their pupils who display a taste for fruit-growing. This will be a | pleasant souvenir of their Alma Mater. | These theoretical and practical lessons will not fail to be useful to | 133 these young men and to their fellow citizens later on in the various places where they may live while pursuing their career. The crop of small fruits was abundant and some apples were gathered this year. Of all the trees planted, only three apple-trees did not take. The White Astrakan and Mann which seemed weak last year are now sturdy. The most remarkable for their vigor are the Duchess of Oldenberg, Wealthy, Yellow Transparent, Mann, Gravenstein, all of which had well developed fruit buds this fall except the Gravenstein. The most vigorous amongst the plum trees are the Lombard, Bonne Ste. Anne, Prince of Wales, and Bradshaw, closely followed by the Wil- lard, Glass Seedling, Imperial Reine Claude (Imperial Gage) and Beauty of Naples. The Flemish Beauty pear trees, the only variety on trial, have ripened their wood; the year’s growth measures 18 inches. The early Richmond and Montmorency cherry trees are no less vigor- ous than the other kinds of fruit. Some trees have been planted to protect the plantation and they look well. The work of protecting the trees and roots during the winter is not neglected. Station at Ste. Anne de Chicoutimi. At this northern station the apple, plum and cherry trees which pro- mised, after the first two years, to become accustomed to the severe inland climate, succumbed to the cold of last winter. The previous winter had already left its traces in the orchard and last winter killed the trees known to resist cold best. Nevertheless the snow that fell early in the fall had covered the ground until the end of April and the cold was not as intense as in previous winters. The death of the trees might be attributed to 134 want of protection and to the clayey sub-soil into which the roots had begun to penetrate. The principal varieties of apple trees planted at Chicoutimi such as the Transparent of Russia, Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy and Longfield, © are considered the hardiest in Canada and in Northern Russia. Never- theless they succumbed at Chicoutimi. At Gaspé, where the cold is as intense as at Chicoutimi, the trees of these varieties are beautiful and produce splendid fruit. At Algoma, in the northern part of the Province of Ontario, the varie- ties above mentioned succeed well, according to the report made to the Ontario Government by Mr. A. M. Smith, of St. Catherine’s. In November, 1899, Mr. Smith wrote as follows: “Last fall I visited St. Joseph’s Island in Algoma and vicinity and examined orchards over quite a large extent of country to see what effect the extreme cold of last winter had upon the different varieties—the thermometer was for several days 40 degrees below zero. “ Among those I examined I did not find one of the following: Yel- low, Transparent, Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy, Gideon, Longfield, Alexander, Pewaukee, Scott’s Winter that appeared to be injured in the least and most of them had borne good crops of fruit ; besides several Russian sorts and local apples, the names of which were unknown. The cherry trees E. Richmond, Ostheim and others from Russia and some varieties of plum trees did not suffer. “The apple trees that were injured were the Ben Davis, American, Golden Russet, Wagner, Snow, Princess Louise and others.” At Powassan, Parry Sound district, Mr. Smith has established an experimental station and he says that the temperature is the same at St. Joseph’s Island Algoma and the same varieties that stand the winter at the latter place do so also at Powassan. The soil of the Algoma orchards is gravelly and this makes all the difference as regards that of the Chicoutimi station which consists of a compact and cold clay of a thickness of 40 feet and more. While work was being done on the Quebec and Lake St. John Rail- | . a 135 way near Chicoutimi in June the ground was found to be frozen to a depth of 9 feet. I have come to the conclusion that there is but little chance of estab- lishing orchards in the clay soil of Chicoutimi exposed to high winds and without any natural or artificial shelter. Letter of the Secretary of the Pomological Society, Mr. W. W. Dunlop Mr. AucustTE DvupPvuis, Village des Aulnaies, Dear Sir, I note your remarks about the Chicoutimi Experimental Station which I visited after our meeting and found as you stated that the trees had been nearly all destroyed last winter. Although last winter was compar- atively mild and the ground well covered with snow, there was a great deal of damage done. Prof. Macoun tells me that they lost many trees and shrubs at Ottawa, which in previous years had not been injured and I fancy the injury must have been caused by a late growth, the trees not having ripened the wood properly. The soil at the Experimental Station at Chicoutimi is inclined to be heaving and a portion of it blackish with a lot of vegetable matter and there is no shelter. Mr. Tremblay’s orchard which [I also visited is well sheltered and the soil entirely different, in my - opinion too light and too poor to get good results without liberal manuring, but the trees had apparently not suffered much injury from the past. winter. It is rather discouraging as you say, to have the labor of three years thrown away but it is by such lessons as this that we gain our experience. Yours very truly, (Sig.) W. W. DUNLOP, Secretary. 136 —— Report of the Ste. Anne de Chicoutimi Fruit Station for the year 1900. HonorRABLE F. G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, Although I have taken the precautions recommended, such as banking up the trees with earth, covering the roots with manure, and sheltering © with spruce boughs, cultivating at the foot of the trees in the spring, the hardiest kinds of apple, plum and cherry trees known have not all — resisted ; among the apple trees a dozen only among which are 6 Duchess, 4 Wealthy and 2 Peach. Those planted this spring are very fine. Mr. Hamilton’s small Russian apple trees, have stood the winter but they were covered with snow during the last two years, and their roots have not yet gone deeper than the layer of vegetable soil, whilst the others have reached to the bed of clay and as the clay freezes to a greath depth, this may be the cause of the trees dying. The few ‘f Duchess ” and others which survived have not produced because the fruit buds formed last year were frozen; not a single blossom appeared on them nor upon the single “ Transparent Yellow” surviving. The currant, gooseberry and raspberry bushes resist well and are very fine. They were laden with fruit this fall. Apart from the currant, gooseberry and raspberry bushes there remain about fifty trees living ; apple, plum and cherry trees. The whole respectfully submitted, GEORGE HUDON. Ste. Anne de Chicoutimi, 25th November, 1901. a eens adanabueen ndmceenaiennndaal aameenanaaeeaeel 137 Report of Mr. Hormisdas Paquin, Director of St. Leon, Fruit Station, County of Maskinongé. AuausTE Dupuis, Esq, Director of the Fruit Stations, Village des Aulnaies. Sir, I have the honor to submit my report upon the results obtained at the fruit station of this district for the year 1901. As a rule the fruit trees are very fine, all strong and vigorous, I should however except the “ Brunswick ” and “ Scott’s Winter ” which I consider very difficult to get to take, for, in spite of all the care I have given them, the six trees I received this spring are dead. I have much pleasure in informing you that I have fruit from nearly all the trees planted the first year and fruit of the best quality. I have had no trouble with insects and I have easily succeeded in pro- tecting my trees and bushes. I would like to have the people, especially the farmers, come to visit the nursery ; however, I perceive that some take an interest in the cultivation of fruit and I am of opinion that the results obtained this year will arouse the most indifferent and I hope that a large number will come to visit the station next year. I make it my duty to give all information possible to the farmers who come to see the trees and, as arule, they appear much interested in the remarks I make to them and I know that some have put into practice the methods I have taught them. The nursery of young apple trees is very fine; the young plants are hardy and are about three feet to three feet six inches in height. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, HORMISDAS PAQUIN. 138 Report of Mr Whitcomb, director of the Waterloo Fruit Station. Waterloo 13th. Nov. 1901. AvaustE Dupuis Esa. Director of Fruit Stations, Village des Aulnaies. Dear Sir :— I have the honor to herewith submit to you my second annual report of the Experimental Fruit Station at Waterloo, District of Bedford. I beg to call your attention to a slight error in my last report p. 153. par. 7. re raspberries ; it should read “ currants.” The trees of this spring planting (1901) have done remarkably well. I am pleased to state every one is living. It is certainly surprising to see the growth of wood. In planting my trees this spring, I purposely omitted to drive posts, and fie up the trees as is generally done, as I wish to know, if the tree could not be properly planted and kept in its place without this process of tieing up. I can assure you this tieing process can be dispensed with. First the hole must be made amply wide, so that no doubling of the roots occurs and deep enough, without hilling up the tree to cover thejtop roots ; by so doing the rain washes away this dirt and the tree loses its main-stays or braces. Besides the roots are exposed ; consequently a slow growth or a. dead tree. Second: It will be found necessary, if never before, to get on your knees, and straighten all the roots and fibers, and finger the dirt carefuly from the very bottom “ and so on up” between every root, and be sure that all the spaces are properly filled and at the same time press all the dirt (in the hole ) as well firmly with the hand as you proceed. Thirdly : If you have not a mechanical eye I would suggest to place two posts (straight ones placed perpendicular) not more than four feet from where you are settling your tree. For instance, one east, the other - 139 south and keep a constant lookout that your tree is being kept plumb with these posts. If this is not done most persons will find that when the tree is planted, it badly leansin one direction or another; then they drive a post and draw back the tree to an upright position consequently the dirt is all loosened from that part of the roots and the result is a partly decayed tree, green on one side, dead on the other; then they wonder what the matter can be. Remember no amount of tramping or pounding on the top, after the tree is planted and pulled over, will place back the dirt around the roots and fibers so loosened. I planted this spring (1901) 35 apple trees and all are living and doing well, notwithstanding there were some scrubs among them.—20 cherries which have done finely, more specially the “ Toronto” which were a fine specimen of trees when received.—10 pears, which also have done exceedingly well. The four peach trees were dead when received as well as the two quince trees. I hope the Department will duplicate the peach and quince trees, ‘‘ live ones” and I shall do my best to keep them so. As regards the planting, (spring 1900,) am pleased to state that they have done excellently well. The gooseberries were very prolific. We did not allow any of the trees to produce, although many of them blossomed, except ‘‘ Arkansas Beauty.” During the month of March last, I made and placed on the south east side of the tree a‘‘V” shaped trough, i. e. two boards about 4 feet long, about 10 in, wide, the edges nailed together, lower end sharpened, and drove them down through the snow about 4 in, from the tree and I found this a very good protection from the sun scald; even with this some were slightly affected. During the early part of October, I cleaned away all weeds and grasses about 3 feet around each trées, created a small mound and mulched each tree with plenty of green manure. Before concluding I would like to ask the question: is there such a thing as crowding the growth of a tree too fast ? I have been told that I was doing this. My answer to this is: “ I do not intend to allow the tree to over produce “too young” which I think would over-come the over- 140 growth.” In your general report would you kindly give your opinion and greatly oblige. | Your esteemed letter under date 15th. instant to hand and carefuly noted. In reply would say re planting of 1900, the Canada Red, Baxter, Walbridge, Longfield, Hulbert, St. Lawrence, Roxbury Russet, Grimes Golden, and Talman Sweet have done exceedingly well. Growth from 2 to 3 feet. Arkansas Beauty did marvelously well; we allowed 5 specimens on one of these trees. Fruit of medium size, very firm, which I have no doubt will prove a good keeper. The Arabka and Golden Russet did some what better than last year (I planted 5 Arabka’s this year which have done well.) ..... I would say the trees were fully matured before the frost, although many of them retained their leaves much longer. Our orchard of 12 years planting was very productive this season. The Duchess, Yellow Transparent, Canada Baldwin, Alexandria, Wealthy & Fameuse were simply large, for so young an orchard...... We have not been troubled with insects : for which I give the credit to early spraying for the destruction of the insects generally. The farmers are waking up to the great importance of fruit growing, as much more extensive interest is being shown. It is generally known and admitted among the farmers themselves, that they, as a rule, are slow to move in reforms, although the more progressive ones, are beginning to take an interest in what the Department is doing in their behalf. But good work, and reforms are not completed in a day. Time alone will bring the results that the Department is endeavor- ing to develop, and I anticipate in the near future that your labor and interest in fruit growing will reach that point of success and be hailed by all interested fruit-growers, to that extent: that the time, talent, energy and money so spent have proved to be a judicious outlay for the Department I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, (Signed) H. N. WHITCOMBE, Director W. F. 8. 141 Report of Mr. Wm. H. Clark, Director of the Gaspé Expérimental Station. AvuaustEe Dopuis, Esq., Director Exp. Fruit Stations, Village des Aulnaies, Dear Sir, I have the honor to submit to you my fourth annual report. The shade and fruit trees received this spring reached here in good condition and were planted immediately. The fruit trees, though well packed, were rather inferior stock with the exception of the Fameuse apple and pear trees; the others being rather small and weakly and not so good as those sent from Village des Aulnaies Nursery. The sugar maples were splendid trees. I planted them on the west side of the orchard, where th*y will help to shelter the fruit from the high winds so prevalent from that quarter. The apple and cherry trees bloomed well this spring, but suffered greatly from a cold northerly wind that visited this locality about that time; they still bore some very nice samples of fruit. The Wealthy, Transparent and Duchess of Oldenburg apples, bearing six dozens on some trees.—The Excelsior and Whitney crabs had some very nice fruits. The small fruits were in abundance, doubling the yield of last year. The station was visited by some persons from Montreal and other places who were greatly surprised at the quantity and quality of the fruit, It was also visited by a large number of the neighbouring farmers, many of them seeking information concerning the culture, pruning and spraying of fruit trees, which I promptly gave to the best of my ability. 142 eee 0—0_0_0.0—0— a a The little root grafts withstood the winter well, there being no loss whatever ; out of 1000 I have 750 very nice plants 3 to 4 feet high. I failed with the St. Lawrence, Belle of Boskoop and Ontario apples, they having died from sun scald, the Arabka suffering slightly there from. I also lost two Smith’s Orleans plum and one Greeley. The St. Cloud freezes most all its year’s growth therefore it makes very little headway, all the other varieties of plums are promising well. Your obedient servant, (Signed) W.-H. CLARK. Remarks by the Director-General on the Experimental Fruit Station at Gaspe. The Quebec Government in 1898 established an experimental orchard at Gaspé Basin, on Mr. W. H. Clark’s farm where apple, cherry, plum and pear trees, as well as small fruits, are tested carefully. A selec- tion was made of trees of the most robust and hardy varieties adapted to northern latitudes, where summers are short aud winters severe and long. The plantation was made in May 1898, on good soil surrounded by hills affording, with rows of soft maples and elms around the orchard, a good protection to the fruit trees. To insure protection from the sudden changes of temperature in win- ter, spruce treés cut in the bush in the fall, are stuck firmly on each side of each fruit tree. This will be done each year until the trees begin to form their rough bark. The vigor of the trees after three years of culture is remarkable and proves that the soil and climate of this district are well adapted to fruit culture. In 1899 the ‘Yellow Transparent,” and ‘‘ Duchess of Oldenburg ” apples produced a few fine fruits some of which were sent to the Paris 143 Universal Exposition 1900, for which a Gold Medal Diploma was awarded to Mr. Clark, manager of the station. The “ Transparent,” the “ Duchess,” the ‘“ Wealthy” are all bearing fine large apples, the “ Excelsior” and ‘“‘ Wealthy” crab apples are also bearing (Sept. 5th, 1901.) The “ Red Astrachan,” ‘‘ Antonovka,” “ Bruns- wick” and “ Ben Davis” are strong and healthy; the “St. Lawrence” and “ B. of Boskoop” are sickly and sun-scalded. The crabs, ‘ Queen’s ‘Choice ” and “ Hyslop” are doing well, This experiment at the Gaspé Station and the few apple trees culti- vated in several orchards at Gaspé that have survived ten to twenty five winters, prove that by a judicious selection of hardy varieties, apple culture is possible at Gaspé and would bea profitable industry to orchardists who have a market at their door. Gaspé Basin alone imports over one thousand dollars worth of apples besides the consumption of apples at the outports and surrounding parishes which is of some importance. Plums. The plum trees at the fruit station that are promising are “ Pond’s Seedling” ‘“‘Damson”, “ Lombard”, “ Bonne Ste-Anne” and “Guii” planted in 1898; they grow well and mature their wood perfectly. The “Niagara”, “Green Gage’, ‘‘Greely”, “Bradshaw”, are too tender, part of the wood is winter killed. The ‘Ross’ plum of Beebe Plain has stood the winter ; it is a promising variety. Cherries. Cherry trees ‘“‘ E. Richmond”’, “ Cerise de France” and ‘“ May Duke” prove hardy, the two first bearing a few fruits this summer. “Pears. Flemish Beauty and Vermont Beauty pears are not very strong. Gooseberries. Downing and Houghton are doing very well. 136 gallons of Downing were gathered and sold this year, some bushes bearing 2 gallons. (144 Raspberries. The “Orange”, a delicious white fruit, has given a good crop this year ; it was sold at a very remunerative price. Strawberries. Have not grown well, the plants were received in bad condition at the station, Another trial will be made. A nursery of 1000 apple root grafts was established at the station in May 1900. Over 750 strong healthy plants are now 38 to 4 ft. high and will form very good acclimated trees for planting in this northern district. Several varieties of Russian apples grown by Mr. Robert Hamilton of Grenville, Que., are also on trial; the trees will be large enough to transplant in the orchard, next spring. Twenty five apple trees grown from the seed of the “Duchess” are flourishing. Mr. Clark is a very good experimentalist. His success ought to encourage fruit culture at Gaspé. Such is the opinion of Revd. Mr, Richmond and Revd. Mr. Gauthier who have visited the orchard. AUG. DUPUIS Village des Aulnaies, Nov., 1901. GasPk, 4th December, 1901. AvuaustE Dupuis, Esq., Village des Aulnaies. Dear Sir, I had great pleasure in accompanying you to the Gaspé fruit station, My visit interested me very much and with much satisfaction, I am convinced of the marvelous success of the fruit trees. I have no hesitation 145 1 in saying that the success exceeds our hopes. Experience now proves that with good fruit trees adapted to our short summers and to our climate and with intelligent and careful cultivation we can establish fine orchards in Gaspesia as proved by the station already established. It would be desirable to have a station nearer the village or ina more central locality for the education of the majority and the encouragement of all. -As regards the apple trees, I think the Transparent of Russia, Duchess, Wealthy, Siberia, Excelsior and Whitney are those that resist best here. The climate seems more favorable to them. It is needless to say that we can also succeed very well in growing cherries, gooseberries, strawberries and raspberries.. My visit to the government station proved this to me last summer. I have no doubt that any intelligent person who will give the necessary care to fruit trees suited to our climate will meet with brilliant success and results beyond all hopes. In the spring I shall be in a better position to tell you how to send the fruit trees given as prizes by the Horticultural Society of the county of l’'Islet. Yours very truly _ (Signed) J. GAUTHIER, Priest. 10 146 List of Apple trees in the Orchard and Nursery since 1860 at the Village of des Aulnaies Nursery now a Fruit Station. Drs AULNAIES VILLAGE, 14th November, 1901. Alexander, —good, fruit of wonderful size ; the tree prefers a rich sand or mixed with clay. Astrakan, red,—fine and delicious fruit, requires cool sand. a Astrakan, white,—trees less hardy than the red Astrakan. Benoni,— weak. Blenheim,—died 1896-97. Ben Davis,—good and productive trees. Bellefleur,—died 1896-97. Blue Pearmain,—does not produce much, fruit superb. Baxter,—under trial. Calville Yellow County,—strong and productive trees, propagating by suckers. Colvert,—hardy trees, not productive. Cooper’s Market,—died 1896-97. Canada Baldwin,—soil too light here. Duchess of Oldenburg,—in the first rank for the hardiness and productiveness of the trees and beauty and evenness of the fruit. Deleware Red Winter,— promising trees. Early Harvest,—died in 1896-97. 147 ——————— es = SS SSS eee Fameuse, — one of the most widespread varieties, the most to be recommended. Grimes Golden,— weak trees. Germain St. Pierre,—trees hardy, come from St. Jean Port Joli, apples delicious, recommended. Gravenstein,—trees liable to be affected by cold, have not yet given satisfaction. Gédéon,—under trial. Hyslop (Siberian), — this variety of the Siberian keeping apples succeeds every where. too Kesivick Codlin,—hardy trees producing cooking apples. King,—trees too weak for this region. Longfield,—under trial. McIntosh Red,—young trees very promising. Maiden’s Blush,—trees 40 years old, still producing fine apples. Mann,—hardy. Martha Crab,—a fine variety of the Siberian which sells well. Northern Spy,—trees 40 years old, producing slightly, the soi] seems light. Pewaukee,—trees withstand the cold, second quality fruit. Princess Louise,—died in 1896-97. Porter,—a single tree rslanivach in 1865 gives little fruit. Queen’s Choice, (crab),—a fine variety of the Siberian. Rambour (winter),—trees grafted on wild apple-trees planted in 1865, have withstood the cold, are slightly productive. 148 —— Reinette (English Golden Russet),—grafted on wild trees planted in 1860, yielding fine crops. Reinette (Roxbury),—trees 40 years old, fine but bearing little on poor soil. | St. Lawrence,—trees 40 years and under, yielding medium but paying - crops. Scott’s Winter,—hardy, productive trees, highly to be recommended 4 for Northern districts. . | Stark,—died 1896-97. Tétofsky,—trees of 1860 and younger, all very productive. Transparent Yellow,—this variety succeeds. everywhere, produces when young and abundantly. Talman Sweet,—tree fairly productive but the fruit is not large and — is not liked. Transcendent (Crab),—this variety of the Siberian is to be recom- mended, succeeds everywhere. Vingt Onces,—died in 1896-97. Wealthy,—hardy and very fruitful trees, fruit very fine and keeps. well, this variety should be planted in all northern orchards. Wolfe River,—hardy tree, apples large and finer than the Alexander. Whitney (Siberia),—trees hardy, the best of the Siberia and as large as the average apple. 149 PLUM-TREES IN ORCHARDS AND NURSERY SINCE 1860 AT THE ‘‘ VILLAGE xx. xXx. XX. xXx. DES AULNAIES”’ FRUIT STATION. Albany or Hudson River Purple,—my first trees are dead, the young trees are fine. Bradshaw,—2 trees planted in 1860 died in 1896-97, the young trees bear little in comparison with the Lombard; fruit very large» beautiful and good. Blue Damask, native,—well known, hardy tree, productive, delicious fruit. Fellemberg,—too delicate to be cultivated extensively. Guii,— promising variety. General Hand,—tree feeble here. Grand Duke,—vigorous tree, abundant yield 1900-1901, fruit of the largest and most beautiful. Coe’s Goutte d’Or,—bears abundantly, fruit ripens late in October. Lombard,—very hardy, bears early and enormously, a beautiful and good market plum. Moor’s Arctic,—tree bears very young, less vigorous than the Lom- bard but as productive, fine market plum. Monroe,—up to the present this hardy and vigorous tree has borne little. McLaughlin,—a delicious plum. Niagara,— Similar to Bradshaw. Orleans native or Grosse Imperiale, blue,—from seedlings, tree grows up very thick and tall, lives to an old age, produces less than the Damson plum-tree. Smith’s Orleans,—deserves a place in the garden. 150 ee xx. xX. xx. xx. xXx. xx. Germany Plum,;—is not a market plum. Pond’s Seedling,—a hardy tree in growth, produaige one of the finest. and largest plums known. . Quackenboss,—hardy and productive tree, a fine market plum. Reine Claude Montmorency white,—native ; from seedlings, of the first rank for quality and profit. . Reine Claude golden (Green Gage,) —ripens the first on 8th September, very juicy, difficult to ship. Reine Claude de Bavay,—ripens from 15th to 20th September, less juicy than the Gieen Gage and firmer, can be carried without loss to distant markets. Reine Claude Imperiale (Imperial Gage.) St. Cloud,—a fine plum similar to Quackenboss. : . Shipper’s Pride,—excellent market variety, a paying tree, Washington,—a hardy tree, fruit white, large, as fine as a peach om the tree, obtains the highest price. . Yellow Egg,—productive, fruit large. . Jones Seedling,—tree very vigorous, slender. St. Lawrence,—tree slighthy tender, fruit delicious. The Favorite Early,—trees planted in 1898, promise hardiness and productiveness. Bergthold’s Mirabelle, early,—tree planted in 1898, promises hardiness and productiveness. . Amaryllis,—grown from Mirabelle seedlings 1890; by A. Dupuis, bearing since 1896, fine large white plum, highly appreciated by Wm Saunders Director of Experimental Farms. Tree very hardy and vigorous as well as the shoots. x, Before the name means good market appie. 7 BRS : ‘* best market apple and most productive. 151 APPLE TREES IMPORTED FROM FRANCE IN 1898 (FROM MESSRS BALTET & FRERE, TROYE) BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Court pendu plat, vigorous. Reinette des Carmes, — some fruit, 1901. Reinette de Cuzy, fruit, 1901. Russet of Canada good Blenheim Pippin,--died. i) fall < Belle fleur rouge,—good. “England Amelie,—died. - * of Pentecéte, * Bonne de Mai,—died. ‘* Royal russet, - Belle of Boskoop,—scalded. “ of Canada, Yellow or silver,—good. “ of Harbert, as De Chataigner,— good. ‘of Champagne, A Grillot,—good. S eoy CAnX, ‘f Galloway Pippin,—strong. Rembour summer,—fruit 1901. Friandise, —weak. “ winter, 7 Trish Peach,—fruit 1900-01 Royal of England,— weak. Newton Pippin,—tender to cold. Reine des Reinettes, a5 Melon,— weak. Gros Locard, 7 Orange of Cox,—good. Verdin winter, —fruit, 1901. Pearmain, summer,—good. Transparent of Croncels, fruit, 1901. Pippin of Alkofen,—good, fruit, 1901.Pigeon rouge,—fruit, 1901. TREES IMPORTED FROM FRANCE, 1901, FROM MESSRS BALTET & FRERE, TROYE. Apple trees. Blenheim. Galloway Pippin. Calville Blanc, St-Sauveur. Pigeon Blane. Calville de Dantzick. Reine des Reinettes. Calville rouge, winter. Reinette Dorée. De Vendue Léveque. Reinette of Canada. Fenouillet gris. Titowka. Fraise de Hoffinger. 152 Plum-trees Columbia. ~ - Mirabelle parfumée. Agen. Damson, Violet. Dame Aubert. Damson, September. Prince Engelbert. Reine Claude (Green Gage). Reine des Mirabelles. Reine Claude Althan. Vines. Gamay de Juillet. ; ' Pear-trees. Beurré Giffard. Ananas de Courtrai. Beurré Baltet, pére. Beurré Bruxelles. Claude Blanchet. Prince Impérial. Belle du Bois. Réné Delman. 1 Semis No. 284. Barillet Deschamps. Fondante Fougére. Juvernier de Boulogne. Bte. Dalbert. Anne de Bretagne. Pierre Joigneaux. Toukouba. Fortuné Brisselot. Louise Bonne de Janvier. Délices de Huey. Madame Ireyne. Bergamotte Hertrick. — Idaho. Duchesse de Berry. Comte de Lambertye. Madame Hunn. Pierre Tourasse. Joyau de Septembre. Vice-Président Delbec. Souvenir de Leroux Durant. Président Barrabé. Bonne Serre St-Denis. Onondaga. Madame Faure. Antoine Delfosse. Madame Elise. Duchesse d’Angouléme. Général Cousenin. Souvenir du Congrés. Dr, Desportes. Docteur Joubert. Alexandre Chomer. Saint Joachim. Beurré Gilles. Beurré Fougueray de ]’Assomp- Henri de Bourbon. tion. Beurré d’Amanlis. 4 } 153 CONCLUSION. It is evident from the reports of each station that the apple trees that succeed best everywhere are the Red Astrakan, Duchess of Oldenburg, Yellow Transparent, Wealthy and Tetofsky, These five varieties produce early and abundantly. Persons who wish to have orchards in the northern sections of the Province can safely plant these 5 varieties as well as the Siberians, Hyslop, Transcendent and Whitney. The following varieties are also good: Alexander Peach, Fameuse or Snow, Longfield, Scott’s Winter, Golden Russet. They are hardy; some may be seen as low down as Rimouski, in the garden of the Tessier manor, at Hon. Mr. Fiset’s and at Mr. Bégin’s. The plum and cherry trees have not yet stood a long enough test in the northern stations to permit our recommending this year a list of the varieties suitable for those places. Owners of gravelly soils, such as those of the orchards in the counties of Montmagny, |’Islet, Kamouraska and Montmorency, might be guided in the choice of the varieties of plum and cherry trees they wish to plant, by the report of the Horticultural Society of the county of l'Islet which is annexed to this. The report also gives a list of the small fruits which can be grown to advantage. The task of directing the fruit stations in the northern districts of the Province of Quebec is much more difficult than that of directing ‘experiments in the Province of Ontario, In our Province you wished to introduce fruit-growing in regions where every attempt had been unsuc- cessful and, to favor those regions, you established experimental stations or orchards in certain counties where fruit-growing Was almost unknown ; these orchards were entrusted to model farmers willing to follow the instructions given them but who had not even an elementary knowledge of fruit-growing. It was a bold undertaking which interest for the public welfare could alone inspire. 154 In the Province of Ontario the stations established by government were entrusted to men of great experience whose orchards and fruit- gardens were already models in the localities where they existed. For experimental purposes in growing apple-trees renowned specialists were selected who owned the best orchards. In another county a specialist ’ in the growing of plum trees was appointed director. The stations for pear trees are directed by specialists who have been most successful with pears. The same applies to the trial of all kinds of small fruits and grapes. The directors of the Board of Control of Ontario stations are charged with the duty of selecting good directors and of supplying them with fresh varieties of the fruits they have already cultivated. Such a task is an easy one. The duty of the directors consists in cultivating carefully and in comparing the superiority or inferiority of the new varieties supplied them by the government, with those they already cultivated and to report on the same. There is nothing difficult in this. In the eastern section of the Province of Quebec the government, having no specialist available, instructed each director to try all the fruits together at each station such as: apples, plums, cherries, pears and smail fruits. This is an onerous task for beginners and all these trees and bushes are on the same plot of ground the composition whereof does not suit the various kinds of fruit on trial. The success obtained by the directors in the eastern and northern stations is therefore very meritorious; it should encourage farmers to plant orchards since those directors who had no more experience than they have been successful. At Compton and Waterloo the directors had a knowledge of horti- culture and orchards which were already well kept; their task was easier- The same applies to the station at l’Islet whose director has an expe- rierence of over 40 years in fruit growing and has regularly taken notes +o oe a 155 which the journals of Agriculture, the Montreal Horticultural Society and the Pomological Society have published. I consider that the Government and the public will appreciate the importance of the experiments carried out at the stations. By comparing them with those made at the experimental farm of the Dominion of Canada at Ottawa, in the plum-tree class for instance, you will observe that the result is more unfavorable at that Ontario farm, so scientifically managed, than at the fruit stations of the Province of Quebec. In the official report on experimental farms for 1896, pages 142, 143, 144 the horticulturist states that in the spring of 1896, 73 varieties of plum trees died in the plantations made since 1883 at the Ottawa central farm. The report of the horticulturist for 1897 does not méntion the losses during the disastrous winter of 1896-97. Amongst the varieties of plum trees mentioned by the horticulturist, the heads and trunks of which were frozen in certain winters and the Toots in others, you will find a great many of the kinds that stand the _ cold in the districts of Montmagny and Kamouraska and in the fruit sta- Seer bp = tions of the Province. You yourself have seen the fruit on the trees and also at the exhibitions of the county of I’Islet, since 1880. Without entering into a comparison of the other fruits, these facts suffice to prove that the horticultural experiments carried on at the Ottawa Experimental Farm, although very important, cannot serve as a guide to the farmers and horticulturists of the Province of Quebec in the selection _ of the varieties of fruit suited to the climate and soil of their regions. cia The influence of the waters of the St. Lawrence modifies the temper- ature; our eastern orchards feel the beneficial effects of it and this ena- bles us to grow trees that cannot stand the cold in inland districts such as Ottawa. ; Pray accept the assurance of my respect and allow me to compliment you on your efforts in favour of fruit-growing supported by the Govern- ment, the Legislature and the horticultural and pomological societies. AUG. DUPUIS Director of Fruit Slation. Village des Aulnaies, November 1901. 156 ——————— ey INSPECTION OF BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES. To THE HonorasBie F. G. M. Dacueng, Minister of Agriculture. Sir, I have the honor to submit my third anaual report as inspector of butter and cheese factories in my district comprising the territory extend- ing from the county of Montmorency tothe county of Berthier inclusively. on the north shore, and the counties of Levis and Lotbiniére, on the south shore. I began my inspections on the 13th. May and finished on the 12th. November last. I made 142 inspections in 115 factories. I would first remark that, in previous years, I had only the creameries to in pect and this year I was instructed to inspect both creameries and cheese factories, which I did. The temperature, this year, was on the whole unfavorable tothe mak- ing of butter and cheese. In my district I found that a good deal of bad butter and bad cheese was made. This is generally attributed to the excessive heat. It is true to a certain extent but if we look thoroughly into the matter, it will be found that the age of the factories has much to do with it. Factories built long ago are often neglected, the drainage is defective and the excessive heat must have developed germs of infection which greatly injured the quality of both butter and cheese. In many cheese factories the whey vat is too close to and sometimes underneath the factory and exhales odours which affect the product. Moreover, careless patrons bring in unsuitable milk, in too advanced a | 7 i ae 157 _ stage. Where the factories are new and not contaminated either by the _ drains or by neglect in the manner in which they are kept, the products _ are always of a superior quality. This leads me to conclude, as I have _ always been able to do, that cleanliness and proper care of the utensils and imaplements in a factory are the basis of its prosperity because such a factory can always do better than others where less care is taken because its products are of better quality. This applies both to butter and to cheese. When a new factory has to be built a suitable site should be chosen, with pure water, where the waste waters can easily be drained off and where the air circulates freely. These are important matters. I have observed that, as a rule, the good makers keep us longer, ask us more questions and seek for information while others who are less anxious seem to pay no heed to the improvements that are being intro- duced daily in the manufacture of butter and cheese. I cannot repeat too often that the dairy industry is a great work which must be encouraged in every possible way. It is a comparatively new one in our country and can attain greater development only after years of application. This system of inspection and supervision of our factories stimulates good makers who are as anxious for our good reputa- tion as for their own and it is feared only_by those whose voluntary igno- rance and carelessness are calculated to injure the common welfare. The whole respectfully submitted, /GAB. DESROCHERS, Inspec’or, St. Nicolas, 15th. November 1901, 158 Se eee Hon. F.-G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit my second annual report as inspector of buiter and cheese factories. I began my inspections on the 18th. May last and finished on the 14th. November instant. | My district being confined to the counties of Beauce and Dorchester, I inspected 200 factories viz: 182 cheese factories and 18 creameries. I made a second inspection of some of these factories. By the number of factories I inspected in two counties only, you will easily see that it is much too large. In the two counties there are 221 factories ; Beauce alone has 163. The season was exceptionnally unfavorable this year, especially between the 20th. June and 15th. September, owing to the excessive heat, the drought, the flies that tormented the cows, and in many instances the scarcity of water for the latter. All these causes which were more felt than usual, in addition to the usual defects in the care of milk by the patrons, contributed to the milk being of very bad quality. Nevertheless I noticed marked improvement in a good many factories. I found many districts where the advice | had previously given regarding the care to be given the milk had been followed. There is certainly an improvement almost everywhere. The patron must not always be blamed if he does not take proper care of his milk. He frequently errs through ignorance. Ina great many cases the blame should be cast upon the maker who is supposed to know the milk that is brought him and to be able to tell his patrons what they should do. Either through ignorance, which is frequently the case, or Ne 159 negligence or through fear of giving offence, a good many manufacturers _do not do their duty in this respect. During my inspection of the facto- ties when, in the morning, I give the patrons advice respecting the manner in which they should take care of their milk, they often say: “ We never received such advice before: our manufacturer never spoke to us about this. He always takes our milk without saying a word.” Yes it is unfortunately true that a good many makers do not know the milk they receive and cannot give the necessary advice to their patrons. It is not altogether their fault; they were not taught better; they have no theoretical or practical knowledge of the matter. What knowledge and what experience can a maker have when his apprenticeship lasted only a few weeks and, in some instances, a few days and often under teachers who knew nothing themselves. It is deplorable, but it is true. — al Our dairy industry has certainly gone ahead too quick as regards the multiplication of factories. An enormous number have been built in a few years without considering whether competent manufacturers could be obtained for them. There is some improvement in the manner in which the factories are kept but a great deal still remains to be done before attaining perfection. The general fault has been and still is to build factories in low swampy places, in holes where it is difficult and frequently impossible to drain off the waste waters, which stagnate underneath and around the factory. I found some factories in a disgusting state of uncleanliness and infection. I threatened the proprietors of these establishments that I would report them to the Board of Health if this state of affairs were not changed. - Defects in manufacture are still numerous, but there is an improve- ment. One defect, amongst others, which tends greatly to disappear is the use of too great a quantity of rennet, which has the effect of ruining the quality of the cheese in many respects. Notwithstanding the efforts of a certain purchaser in advising this injudicious use of rennet, I have sue- ee 160 facturers. There is not as much progress as might be desired in the improve- jf ment of ripening rooms. The quality of the cheese was greatly injured | during the past season during the excessive heat. With the money lost through this defect alone, many good ripening rooms could have been § built. Another fault consists in shipping the cheese too green. I have ~ frequently seen cheese sent to market three or four days afide coming out of the press. This cannot fail to do a great deal of harm to the reputation — of our cheese in England. Complaints are made that our cheese is too — dry. If it were allowed to ripen properly in the factory before being — : shipped, there would certainly not be so many complaints in this respect. The whole respectfully submitted. J. L. PAINCHAUD, Inspector, Ste. Marie, Beauce, 22nd. November, 1901. Hon. F. G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, * The inspection of factories for the season of 1901 being ended, I now . have the honor to submit the following report : I began my work on the 21st. May and finished it on the 20th. No- vember. I inspected 155 factories, viz: 82 cheese factories, 42 creameries and q 31 combined factories « several of these were inspected twice. | : | a 161 In the course of these visits, 1 found with pleasure that all the manu- facturers, without exception, appear to understand and appreciate the interest we take in them and the advantage they get from this system of inspection. I therefore deem it my duty to praise and thank the Minister for the excellent idea of inaugurating this system. It is really a pleasure to an inspector to meet with manufacturers desirous of instruction, eager to receive his advice and well disposed towards him. I have met the greater portion of them, and the numerous letters sent to me from all parts, soliciting a second visit, area convincing proof that they feel the need of acquiring fresh knowledge and of im- _ proving their methods. In a large portion of the district I have visited, many factories had not yet had the advantage ofa visit from an inspector. In these, much work was needed to correct a1] their mistakes and to put them in the way of progress, without being able to find any improvement. Fortunately it is not the same with the factories I visited last year. [ remarked fairly perceptible improvement, almost everywhere. That does not mean, no doubt, that perfection has been reached. No, there is still much todo. The principa] remarks are: bad or incompetent administra- tion on the part of the manufacturers and dirt. Most of the manufacturers fail in the use of the centrifugal. As a rule, while knowing the power of their centrifugal they are absolutely ignorant ofthe way of regulating it ; that is to say the quantity of pounds of milk to pass throngh in the hour and the percentage of fatty matter to be obtained. For example», a centrifugal has a capacity of 3,000 tbs an hour; if the manufacturer only passes 2,000, there is a loss of time; if he puts 4,000, there will be a loss in the creaming. Or again a mannu- facturer never touches his centrifugal which I have often observed. Daring the summer, the cream is of prop«r consistency ; in the spring it Is too clear, which occasions white spots in the batter, and in the autumn, it is too 11 162 = thick, it cannot be worked sufficiently and causes much trouble in the whole, fabrication ; therefore the centrifugal has to be made to agree with the greater or lesser thickness of the cream. This is only one case and how can it be otherwise when manufacturers are found who have never made anything but cheese who, some day, combine their factory, and start to make butter after less than a week’s | apprenticeship ? According to me, every manufacturer should have a diploma or at least prove that he has had one or even two years’ appren= — ticeship, which would be preferable. In this way our dairy products 7 would increase in value and reputation. A great obstacle to the keeping of the product which I have met © with in several places, is the want of refrigerators. The butter is put into cellars or damp rooms, which tends to depreciate its quality. It is the same in cheese factories where there is no ripening room. I have laid stress on these points and J have striven to make the manufacturers understand the immense good to be derived from a ripening room and from arefrigerator, showing them very clearly all the advantage they would derive by profiting by the encouragement the Government is willing to accord them in offering them a prize. ; I hope that I have not spoken in vain ; all seemed to understand the advantage they would derive by improving their factories, and already 4 several have started to work. In my opinion, it isa great step towards progress and it is almost an assurance that in a few years our dairy pro-- duce will surely increase in value and reputation. In my inspection I was often called upon to test the milk, and — unfortunately I discovered several cases of fraud: I may say at least 40, arising chiefly from putting water into the milk. None of these cases have been left unsettled and I can boast of having made no accusation which was not confirmed by the confession of the guilty party himself. If I may be allowed to express my opinion, I would say that it would be necessary that each inspector should go accompanied, if required, by a — 163 lecturer on agriculture, in the chief places of his district of inspection, a little before the factories are opened, in order to thoroughly instruct patrons and manufacturers upon all points ; to teach the latter especially _ the way to test milk,in order to protect themselves against the dishonesty of certain patrons ; to advise them and show them a method of taking Very exact notes of each test, so that the inspector, at his visit, will be able by a simple test to ascertain whether everything is correct or whether | sthere is fraud. It would be a great saving of time and I consider also a great safeguard for, when the farmers would know that measures are taken to protect them against one another, they would be more prudent and more on their guard. In several factories, I found the cheese acid or gaseous; I attribute thisto the raw material, that is to say tothe bad milk which many cheese-makers receive indifferently, some through ignorance, others _ through fear of losing their patrons. An important point that I have noticed in alarge number of my daily reports, is uncleanliness. I my opinion, it is the greatest obstacle to the progress of the dairy industry. I will never be able to believe that products of a superior quality can come from a dirty factory. This uncleanliness consists in the first place in the want of care of the milk put in badly kept cans; in the whole factory generally inside and outside, from which all sorts of bad odours escape, and especially in the whey vats which are often placed under the factories and exposed to receive all the waters from the washing and are never cleaned. Another thing I have to mention which is equally deplorable ; it is the unreasonable opposition of the small factories which are being started everywhere. If, as I have already said, the manufacturer required to have a diploma or to know his trade perfectly, it would be an effective way of fighting them; for, as a rule, a man who knows his trade well and is recognized as competent, will not amuse himself vegetating in this kind of factory, he will choose in preference a place where his knowledge will be of use. 164 This following is a list of the factories visited : COUNTIES. BUTTER.| CHEESE| Com, Argentetil ....c. cecceececee cee ce ceeeereee ceseee ceeeee 2 10 2 Deux-Montagnes .........2 csccscsessse secersene cossenes 6 3 14 Hehe lage .is..3..50'. thas esse vosnarlasetadecm sone Ub etles 1 on sttl Lie MAT CEEC: tals sninids ».3 cide 0 soioeuigpthcs Ashe bci ea aBeee bese eaes 2 1. Jee eee L’ Assom ptiOn...e+. cee -2e0ee ee Ea pene Teal 5 beh 2. WM eT are. scien cs beat naa posuebanntes oeme mean Seaen heey ye bas eet 1% \ lege i oS oo ose cdteneea. ctor ewtetee ae os oe icha Reeatke Pea eras 2 1 Ottawa..... TN Lb ed case ae cuetiee ce eo meee anoen ateten eee 9 42 7 Pistsehowne 5.666622 A a ARR A ae 12 14 3 Deetae COUN. 2: o ddudse ceteh LE Re ak. Oa Ghecces | 1 ieee , WTI. naenrenens oo» opieasyeppepiendeniisnnnna eacmmniepintta iy (UR: + ep Re ees . Total Assis Ae cates 42 8 31 Respectfully submitted. Your humble servant, S. CHAGNON, St. Paul l’Ermite, 23nd November 1901. Inspector, 165 — QUEBEC, 17th DECEMBER 1901. HONORABLE F. G. M. DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit my third annual report as inspector of cheese factories. I began my tour of inspection on the 13th. of May and completed it on the 12th. November. I made 129 visits to 106 factories. I paid special : attention to the inspection of the milk received by the factories, and I was, I regret to say, enabled to find that there was a general neglect in the me- thod of straining the milk and cooling it before bringing it to the factory. It must be admitted that many patrons understand the importance of straining the milk and onlv carrying it in vessels perfectly clean both inside and out. At the same time it is regrettable to find that certain manufacturers are far from keeping their factories in an absolute state of cleanliness and they neglect particularly the apparatus they use and the whey vat, the unwholesome gases from which are greatly injurious to the manufacture. The excessive heat of last summer, which came at the same time as an absolute dearth of water in several places, damaged the good quality of the cheese in many instances, The ripening rooms in the factories, for which your department grants special prizes, are more and more appreciated by the manufacturers and tend to become general. In many factories built very carelessly, these rooms are an absolute necessity for the making of good cheese. Your department has rendered invaluable services to the proprietors of factories 166 by teaching them the manner of building these rooms and by offering prizes which would largely repay the cost of construction. In the course of my visits, I noticed several times that the cheese was sent too fresh to the market. The consequence is that this cheese loses its aroma in transit, and lowers the good repute of this kind of produce abroad. I have always advised the manufacturers to keep their cheese at least two weeks in good ripening rooms before delivering it to the trade. I have noticed with pleasure that the proprietors of cheese factories as well as the manufacturers are eager, as a rule, for the inspector’s visit, whereas, a few years ago, this visit was always an object of dread on their part. In last year’s report, I remarked that the number of cheese factories. in the counties assigned for my inspection had increased by 21. This year new factories have been erected in the same district. In some cases, these factories are doing good in the localities where they have been put up, but, in others, they will unfortunately compete with the factories ex- isting already. I find that the agricultural lectures given under the auspices of your department are much appreciated in the district I have travelled over and a good many farmers have expressed a desire to hear your lecturers again. The whole respectfully submitted, J.N. ALLARD 167 To THE Hon. F. G. M. DEcHENE, Commissioner of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit to you my fifth annual report as inspector of cheese factories of the province of Quebec. I began my tour of inspection on the 12th of May and ended on the 13th of November. This year your department did not give me so much territory to go over which enabled me to make more visits to the factories which gave better satisfaction. I made 162 visits to 106 factories. The makers have a little something to do yet to get to the top. They arejmaking a very good cheese in quality but very bad in appearance; small in size; cheese not turned in hoops and trimmed, and dirty. Making small cheeses isa very great loss from beginning to end for proprietors and patrons. A factory that is making from 700 to 750 lbs of cheese a day would | make 11 cheeses while if it made the same amount into 10 cheese a day it would save a nice little sum during the summer. A maker making 1 cheese a day less would be a saving of. One bandage ........ dadasdee Huwavicsatleesese bp ibe We MERE = .02 MEE X Soc cccaes ccswaek .Shsssach Ciucanesd niead Wescuess ae! Shrinkage on cheese (2 lbs) ...........000. USSR 18 When selling saving 1 lb. for down weight.......... .09 Total loss to proprietor and patron per day about.. ... Al or $12.30 per month besides a: saving to buyers. A small cheese has the same amount of flat surface as a larger one which amounts to about -2 lbs on every cheese, which has to be cut off and thrown away on 168 oom account of laying on range when curing and having a greasy taste beside a lot of other little things. So it would be to the cheese-makers’ advantage to make a large neat clean cheese; it would make better prices for cheese and help to get better wages for good makers. When a cheese-buyer goes into a cheese factory and finds everything neat and clean, it gives him the impression that the cheese must be very nice. 4 « \ The eye is the first thing to be suited. Proprietors of factories are a little neglectful about their whey vats. When they hire their makers they should not fail to put into their contract, for them to wash their whey vat every day. There are several whey vats that are washed only once a year ; this makes a very bad smell around the factory and besides it taints the milk. At the factories I gave several lectures to the patrons on care of milk and feeding cows. I found at my second visit to factories that my lectures had done some good as milk came in much better. I hope that the makers will try and make an improvement for the coming season. They will not regret it as the time has come when if we do not work alltogether and make improvements, we shall go behind. Annexed will be found a list of factories which I visited this season. The whole respectfully submitted. C. E. STANDISH, | Inspector. Hatley, Que., Dec, 20th 1901. 169 “To THE HonorasBuE F. G. M. DecueENe, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. ‘Bir, I have the honor to submit my first annual report as inspector of but- ter factories for your department. I began my inspections on the 13th May and completed them on the 12th November. I made 173 visits to 90 factories. I went three and even four times to some factories, in this way meeting the request of the manu- facturers and owners. They hoped by my help to improve the quality of their output. In beginning this report, I cannot forget the praiseworthy _ efforts of your government to insure the constant progress of the dairy industry in the Province of Quebec. On the other hand, I have every _day found how important our réle is in the development and perfecting of this industry. I request a favor from the government which would be much appre- ciated by several localities in the counties of Matane and Gaspé. We know that the good name of our dairy products in England partly depends on the cold storage compartments on steamers. Thanks to them, our butter reaches Europe in good condition. Unfortunately the boats carrying the dairy products from Matane and Gaspé to Quebec and to Montreal, are not provided with refrigerators. Serious losses are incurred through this by farmers who earnestly wish to ship produce of the best quality. Your government would improve the situation by installing refrigerating apparatus in the boats I refer to. In my tour of inspection, I generally found good makers in the large butter factories. The men are devoted to their work always eagerly look forward to the inspector’s visit ; acquire all the information necessary for the success of their factory ; regret that they do not meet us oftener and keep us longer. These factories, as a rule, ship good produce. 170 It is not always the same with the small factories. The owners do not. always secure the services of a model manufacturer. The makers who possess little or no knowledge and are badly paid, do not know how to control the ripening of the cream. Want of clean- liness decreases the repute of the butter. It is impossible, in fact, in a neglected factory to obtain a product which will keep in good condition. When our butter is paid for accord- ing to its quality, we shall have made a great step in advance in this industry There would then be a praiseworthy emulation between the manufacturers who would always be desirous of getting information from the inspector, in order to produce first class butter. Two many factories in one locality is an obstacle to the dairytindustry. The owners, in order not to lose their patrons, find it impossible to refuse badly cared for milk. In small factories, the apparatus is too often defective. Our farmers thus incur unfortunate losses. Heat is complained of in certain factories. Some manufacturers in order to excuse their negligence or ignorance, constantly blame the very high temperature as the evident cause of the inferior product they ship. Let us provide our factories with the necessary apparatus ; have a good cold storage compartment ; secure the services of an honest manufacturer, and intelligent workman ; refuse badly prepared milk, and we can always count upon a first class product. The farmers wish to attain this end. They also appreciate the agri- cultural lectures which are calculated to produce most happy results. The lecturers should strive to make the farmers understand the neces- sity of bringing properly prepared milk to the manufacturer. They should therefore explain at length in what condition the milk must be brought to the factories. I am happy to say that the lectures are, like the inspector’s visits, & great encouragement to the farmers. 171 : Upon my second visit to the butter factories, | have always found a -yery marked improvement in the dairy products. I have devoted all my efforts to securing in my inspection district uniformity in the products in order to obtain permanent success in the English market. When the farmers and manufacturers follow the good advice of the lecturers on agriculture and of those who are at the head of the develop- “ment of the dairy industry in the Province of Quebec, we shall be certain of obtaining the highest prices in England for our dairy produce. f The whole respectfully submitted, Your humble servant, ‘ J. A. TALBOT, ; _“L'silet, December 1901. Inspector. | EXPERIMENTS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MANUFAC- : TURE OF CHEESE. Honorasze F. G. M. Dicuane, ¢ % Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, We have continued this year_the experiments begun last year for improving the method of making Cheddar cheese in the Province of ~ Quebec. Last year, we determined the points to which special attention had to be given: we wished to verify this year the conclusions at which we had arrived. We proposed trying a special method, applicable to the country, by which a cheese can be made much resembling English cheese. 172 But we have been considerably impeded in our experiments, first by the great heat which prevailed this summer, and then by the want of suitable liquids upon which we could absolutely count for determining the aci- dity of the milk and whey during the process of manufacture. To make cheese according to the English method, acidity should scarcely exceed 20 pounds of lactic acid per 10,000 pounds of milk, and we could not always get milk sufficiently sweet. Moreover, in England, the temperature in factories remains in the neighbourhood of 75° F. During” our experiments, which took place at the St. Hyacinthe Dairy School, we : obtained in the factory room a temperature keeping at about 85° and often — much higher. Under such conditions and especially with milk already kept too long, it was absolutely impossible to follow the English method, acidity being developed too soon in the whey, and we had to follow more closely the ordinary method which is very well suited to this high temperature. We worked eight days in June, from the 18th to the 26th; eight days © in July, from the 23rd to the 31st, and lastly, two days in October, the 8th and 9th. In June, the temperature of the room at first kept about 80°, but the — hot weather setting in, on the 26th of June we had the temperature as — high as 884” at 2.20 p. m.; on the 31st, secing that the temperature did not — lower, we had to Haas our experiments till later. In July, we commenced with the temperature at 84°, but from the 27th to the 31st,it rose to about 86°, and we had again to give up our trials” for a longer time. In October, we thought to have a more favorable © opportunity, and to be able to try the English cheese. We fixed the date © for the 8th to resume our attempts ; but the weather again becoming hot, — we had once more to abandon the experiment. As regards the acidity of the milk brought to us by our patrons, it was nearly always higher than 20 or 21, and it was the exception when we received any having less than 20 In some cases we had 24 of acid. 4 173 Under such conditions, it was almost impossible to succeed in the experiments we wanted to make, and we had to change our plan entirely. The following are the different points we tried to elucidate : 1. The influence of the duration of curdling ; 2. Trial of the effect of temperature upén the putting into moulds ; 3. Trial of the duration and force of pressure upon the quality and aroma of cheese ; 4. Trial of the influence of the temperature in the cooking ; We had much difficulty in obtaining the conditions of temperature and acidity required for the success of these experiments, and in spite of ‘repeated attempts, we may say that it has been impossible for us to obtain them completely. The conclusions to be derived from these experiments are: 1. To be able to imitate English Cheddar, it is first necessary to im- prove the quality of milk in the Province. As a rule, the patrons do not scald their cans. We have received milk which, at night, only showed 16 to 17 acidity; we kept it at a temperature of 60° during the night, and the next day, in spite of that, the acidity was in the neighborhood of 23. In England, milk indicating 17 at night, scarcely possesses more than 173 or 18 in the morning after being kept the night at a temperature of 78° When the cans are not scalded, the microbes which they contain are developed in the milk put into them and form, as it were, a ferment which accelerates far too much the development of lactic acid in the manufacture of cheese. 2. The factories have to be improved so as to protect them from excessive and rapid changes of temperature, which are a characteristie feature of the climate of this province. As long as these two requirements have not been obtained, it will be very difficult to imitate English Cheddar perfectly, at least in the months of July, August and part of September: perhaps, in the autumn, it might be possible, under present conditions, but with milk sufficiently sweet. Respectfully submitted, GABRIEL HENRY. 174 COMPETITION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS THE HoNORABLE MINISTER’ OF AGRICULTURE, Sir, I have the honor to submit the following report on the competitions |} of Dairy Products held during the year. | The first two were held in Montreal at the Gould Cold Storage on the 29th June and 31st August. The third took place in Quebec at the Quebec Cold Storage on the 12th October. The improvement in the products exhibited was chiefly as regards appearance which is an important matter, As regards the butter the chief defects noted are the following: Bad quality of the parchment paper with which the boxes are lined ; upper | surface of the butter badly arranged; too much salt in some butter in boxes and not enough in other samples in tubs; milky, greasy, marbled butter. These defects could easily be avoided with a little care and by work- ing the butter at a suitable temperature. But the defects in connection with aroma and flavor caused the greatest loss of points. Some hada flavor of grass; others were sour; others had a flavor of oxydized fatty matter. Some peculiar and very disagreeable flavors and aromas were also found to exist. The defects in aroma and flavor are certainly due either to the bad quality of the milk used or to want of care in ripening and working the cream, Manufacturers must be advised more strongly than ever to be very severe with regard to the quality of the milk supplied by patrons; they should pitilessly refuse all milk that has not been sufficiently aerated and that is brought in dirty cans. 175 The quality of the cheeses examined was certainly better, on the whole, than that of the butter; some of really first quality were found. We must nevertheless again point out the want of care in packing ; the boxes were not strong enough and were not stamped; their dimensions were not suited to the size of the cheeses they contained ; the cloths were too long and the cheeses badly shaped. The defects in aroma and flavor were chiefly due to the quality of the milk used and want of cleanliness in manufacture ; the smell of whey in particular is due to nothing else. There are also defects in aroma and flavor the cause of which is diffi- cult to determine: the flavor of fruit, for instance. Others had a kind of heated flavor due to ripening under improper conditions or to the cheese having been exposed to heat. Excess of humidity and acidity are also _ pointed out and this is frequently due to want of firmness of the curd in _the whey. Some cheeses, on the other hand, were too dry owing to excess in a contrary direction. FIRST COMPETITION Held in Montreal 29th June 1901. JUDGES: For butter:— Messrs. J. A. Vaillancourt and E. A. Brice. For cheese :—Messrs. J. A. Vaillancourt, E. Bourbeau and P. W. McLagan. : PRIZES AWARDED: BUTTER. 1. Mathias Dufresne, Ste-Thérése, Co. Terrebonne...... .ccce, cecce see 98 pts Silver Medal, Irst class diploma and $10.00 in money. 176 9. George Cayer, L’Ange-Gardien, Co. Rouville............ eS ee oT Silver medal, irst class diploma and $9.00 in money 8. Ovila Bouchard, Sherbrooke-East, Co. Sherbrooke.......... ..... . Sie | Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $5.00 in money. : 4. E. Brosseau, St-Sauveur des Monts, Co. Terrebonne......... ...... 944 * Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $4.00 in money. 5. J. A. Vinette, Holton, Co. Chateaugnay ........ ...ccc..2 sssees 26583 93) “fh Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. - 6. Thomas Durnin, St-Stanislas, Co. Beauharnois.......... 000+. e200 934 “* Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $2.00 in money. CHEESE. 1. Emile Lemay, Thurso, Co. Ottawa.........4...ss00 Ee en 932 * Bronze medal, 2ud class diploma and $2.00 in money. SECOND COMPETITION Held in Montreal, 31st August 1901. JUDGES: For butter:—Mssrs J. D. Leclair, J. A. Vaillancourt, E. A. Brice. For cheese :--Mssrs P. W- McLagan, E. Bourbeau, J. A. Vaillancourt. PRIZES AWARDED: BUTTER 1. J. E. Mercier, Varennes, Co. Verchéres... ee Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $6. 00 in | money. 2. A. Martel, Brompton Falls, Co. Richmond ........ .......04 sessceeee 98 55 Bronze medal, Znd class diploma and $5.00 in money. 8. P. Gaudreault, St-Basile le Grand, Co. Chambly. ......... ...00e oon ( OBE Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. 4 R. Auger, Henrysburg, Co. Missisquoi ...........006..eeceees bs eeeed Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. 5 Alfred Ostigny, Stottsville, Co. St. John ... ......... Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. CHEESE. 1. George Barrette, Garthby West, Co. Wolfe Silver medal, 1st class diploma and $9.00 in money. 2, Toseph Bouchard, Les Eboulements, Co. Charlevoix Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.00 in money. 8. Adjutor Lepage, Garthby, Co. Wolfe........ 2.02... cecseee seeseee Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $7.00 in money. 4, Arthur Hardy, St. Tite, Co. Champlain Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $4.00 in money. eee Moreag, St. Tite, Co. Champlain...... .......0.....0.000 cocceee Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $4.00 in money. 6. J. Ls. Bibeau, St. Flavien, Co. Lotbiniére THIRD COMPETITION. Held in Quebec, 11th October 1901. JUDGES: +P Peewee sewer sewer res setter ae tenes eee eee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.00 in money. For butter :— Messrs J. A. Vaillancourt, J. D. Leclair and E. A. Buie. ' For cheese :—Messrs E. Bourbeau, P. W. McLagan and J. A. Vaillan- court. PRIZES AWARDED: BUTTER 1. Jean-Bte. L’ Etoile, St. Agapit, Co. Lotbiniére Silver medal, 1st class diploma and $11.00 in money. 12 set enews a eee betes —— 9. Adélard Lavoie, St. Jéréme, Co. Lake St. John............. 10. 11. 12. 178 Silver medal, 2nd class diploma, $5.00 in money. . Eugéne Breton, St. Epiphane, Co. Témiscouata. ............ Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma, $4.50 in money. . Philibert Pomerleau, St. Agathe, Co. Lotbiniére......... Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $4.50 in money. . Auguste Pelletier, Village des Aulnaies, L'Islet ......... Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $5.00 in money. . Athanase Morin, St. Cyrille, Co. l’Islet............. ......000 Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $5.00 in money. . Mathias Dufresne, Ste. Héléne, Co. Terrebonne......... . Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $5.00 in money. . Aug. Begnoche, Brompton Falls, Co. Richmond......... Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $4.50 in money. . Edouard Maurais, Coaticook Co. Stanstead........... 0.2.4. Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.00 in money. Jean-Bte St. Pierre, St. Paschal, Co. Kamouraska........ Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.00 in money. Guillaume St. Pierre, Brompton Falls. Co. Richmond. Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.50 in money. Eugéne Métivier, Beaurivage, Co. Lotbinieére... eeeececere eeeereeen eceegeete sNeeeenne Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $2.00 in kpoln. CHEESE. 1. Emile Boucher, St. Jean Deschaillons, Co. Lotbiniére. .......... 2. Zéphirin Desharnais, St. Albert, Co. Arthabaska Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $8.00 in money. Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $8.00 in money. eetereee are eee eewwes 8. Théophile Levesque, Old Lake Road, Co. Témiscouata....... .. Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $8.00 in money. 95 « 95 « 95 « 943 « 94 ‘cc 963 ce 964 “cc 179 4, Henri Ouellet, St-Patrick’s Hill, Co. Arthabaska.................2, 96 pts. Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $7.00 in money. 4. Francois Brassard, Laterriére, Co. Chicoutimi................scccee0s te Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $3.00 in money, 6. Xénophon Bergeron, Methot’s Mills, Co. Lotbiniére............... 934 “ Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $2.00 in money. 7. Placide Sabourin, Ste-Marthe, Co. Vaudreuil........................ 93 “ Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. . 8. Peter Monaghan, Ste-Marthe, Co. Vaudreuil.................se0sc0 9 “4 Bronze medal, 2nd class diploma and $1.00 in money. GABRIEL HENRY, Secretary of Competition, VETERINARY SCHOOLS SCHOOL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE AND VETERINARY SURGERY OF MONTREAL. Report for the first Quarter ofjthe 15th year 1900-1901. THE HonoRABLE MINISTER oF AGRICUTURE, Quebec Sir, I have the honor to submit the report for the first quarter of the 15th year of the School of Comparative Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, University Building, 185, St. Denis street. Hoping that you will be satisfied with the information it contains as well as with the number of pupils this year. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, V. T. DAUBIGNY, Director and Secretary. Montreal, 22nd December 1901. as 180 WORK : | 9 The course of lectures began on the 26th September and continued to | the 21st December instant. NAMES OF STUDENTS 8rd Year.—Avila-Isidore Telmosse, St. André Avelin. 2nd Year.—Benoit Brault, St. Louis de Gonzague; Godefroy Lange- yin, St. Timothée ; Auguste Delvecchio, Longueuil. é * 1st Year.— Bte-Raoul Telmosse, Montreal; J.-A. Ratté, Lotbiniére ; Alphonse Rousseau, Lévis; J.-Raoul Séguin, Rigaud; J.-C. Reid, St. — Urbain ; Philibert Dubois, St. Agathe de Lotbiniére ; Aibert Fréchette, St- — Ephrem d’Upton. . 1st and 2nd Year.—Alexandre Clément, Lachine ; Alphonse Charle- bois, Laprairie; A. A. Etienne War,(U.8.); Philippe Savoie, Boucherville, This makes 15 in all but the last four do not attend regularly and ~ will probably give up attending during the session. Last year four students in human medicine matriculated for the | veterinary course. [ think they have given up both human medicine and veterinary surgery. . So that there are eleven students who attend regularly and work assiduously wishing to become competent veterinary surgeons. I may add that for five years there nave not been as many applications as this — year which leads me to say that in a year or two the school will have a good contingent of students. During this quarter, surgical operations have been performed on living subjects and the following table shows the various operations with the names of the students who performed them under the direction of the Professor of Surgery : 181 List of operations from 26th September to 21st December 1901. 1 Bleeding, COYNET Of CYC ....00+, seeeeeees verse cereeees 2 PORTA TV CUM cadet tay ada becnvoce. ash ¢-3 8 A thorax, under ‘te SEIN 2.0... seccccces| 4 + MOTE: «20. 2 RETA ae ban tes ous 55 twcesdene 5 % davis vale sae aadeemor tenses bat Secs eset | 6 a palate and hemostatic........ ....... | 7 Seton, with thread & “ 9 Ligature, glosso fac eee eee 6 ee OOOOH ww ee eee ee He eee FOP BHCEP-Tot..cdsedve be. sstee. te eee TL eT ee Te OREO 8 ode ewtsis deez snes. 10 Transcurrent cauterization............ eee: ieee) ees 12 Cauterization with 18 73 14 Tracheotomy........ 15 Tracheotomy......... 16 Thoracocenthesis wee ee ee eee FORO EHH HHH ere eaeee WHE POUMILG. .-5.0 v0ee Bde BEE ACULAMOOUS) 132e.uckiecaccbews's sheets eee ete) ~-F eee ey ESO OOET HE rea ne ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee oe - © ee eee ee SHOE eee eee Ee FOE ees Bee MMP MELETISM, COSOPHACUS ......0- ..ceeueccccesees verve 18 Paracinthesis........ 19 Hnterotomy.......... SPOR ETE HE mee eee REE eee TEE EH Ber SHE OEE COTO eee HOHE EEE BET EH HEH Ber FOE HEHes 20 Ischia! urethrotomy...... Oar Re PE PP PES OE B4 MUPEMTIOLOMY 171 & MATC...... 62.22. escocces scecee s coe 22 Frontal trepanning 23 Amputation of tail 24 Docking tail ser eeses) Soares Ot seseeees ssaesesee. eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee) weeer ete eee eee eee fF Fe ee eee FF Oe ee 25 Thenatomy, plautar................. She eek es 26 Thenatomy....... ... Pee Ose twee ee fester BOOSH SOR LEH EH 27 Neurotomy, plantar eg edie th an aetneae ah oa oe 28 Neurotomy, plantar... 29 Neurotomy, cubito- 30 Neurotomie, sciatic 31 Quarter crack operation by Vv pips ft sees 32 Cartilaginous quitt 33 Catheterism, urethr 34 Amputation of ears o5 Castration of a horse ..... ......... TN la 36 Twisted sutures.... 87 Sutures of the intestines 88 Sutures with Giponis points..... ........ 39 Castration of a dog waeare Re oes aA ae ee NN ig TY nerve. or operation Betis aeet acs de otis a Wentes dele notte Gann ee ee er reeset eee eee 8 ee eee eee eo se eres eoe SFFFFS -neeneer +eeeee "Foe" ee ey eee eee eee eee ee ee ee 40 Operation for fistula of the withers..... . ........ 41 Dorsal apophysis resection....... seven terete 42 Removal of a melanotic tumor nia a ear BVTAUALION Of PETIIS ......000 ccccrce. sencceensseseence Names of Students. MM. Rousseau. Langevin. Reid. Etienne. Ratté. Yubois. Giguére. Dubois, Brault, Raoul Lesage. Brault. A. Talmosse. Langevin. Reid. Etienne. Fréchette. Dubois. Fréchette. Brault. A. Talmosse. Brault. Ratté. A. Talmosse. Giguere. A. Talmosse. Degauchis. A. Talmosse. Brault. Brault. ° A. Talmosse. Le Professeur. Dubois. D. Professeur. Delmecchio. , Langevin. | A. Talmosse. | “ec Etienne. ed 182 — The school has added four courses not given elsewhere. Operative Surgery. Medical clinics on the patient. The exterior of the horse. The theory of farriery. In addition to the operations performed by the students, the latter — assisted the professors in the hospital and treated the following : TROTSGB ek che Boel sc ccierv eww eeeeees 826 OHGRAT ha Senkn boweacekt Sheseeaeee noaee te 49 Dogs IRR eg Rai eR < acseceheeehe eoeens 106 POUNPY.224,\ sie a.33 das wap eee ee upon to examine or attend various animals affected with contagious diseases and the students had the advantage of observing the nature and symptoms of the diseases set forth in the following table. Contagious diseases. Horses. Cows. Dogs. Poultry. OE Se ae eee OED PES Ao ae ae heads dels eas ae ae « om EUOLINGHIVCOBIB s5p-s0scnie-4.-0em+] >» tee rateweees = a I PES Pe - ooos'l ce epee Diseases of Young dogs... 5. |... 05 weave} sveeappan ameoms shy ees Fe Rye yO eae a en pM pitt Seb he sc sok [teeseesee seeee jenenes suns ene Pleurosthenos.. ....0-0-s0..dss Uh Se. aattees | .cecsccenscceus} asnmnnnnn . SP RCOTLDEIGS 60s ne aor hore ticamiol cass oe ateeeneeee 8 | 3 4 1 | cee cote « =n wlan nn a> Vitulary Fever... sesrssees cee oe eeeeecees ee | Such is the work of the 1st quarter of the 15th year of the School of comparative Medicine and Veterinary Surgery of Montreal which its” director has the honor to submit to the Honorable Minister of Agriculture in Quebec. V. T. DAUBIGNY, Director and Secretary. Montreal, 22nd December, 1900. ~ hayes 183 Report for the Second Quarter of the 15th year. MonTrREAL, 7th August, 1901. To THE HONORABLE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE, Quebec. Sir, On the 22nd December last, I sent you the report for the Ist quarter of the year 1900-1901 of the School of Comparative Medicine and Veteri- nary Surgery of Montreal, affiliated with Laval University and to-day I have the honor to send you the report for the second quarter. All the students came back on the 7th January, 1901 to continue the course to the 25th March last. During this quarter all the students continued to perform surgical operations on living subjects, to aitend lectures on medical clinics and practical anatomy. This year the students distinguished themselves in all the subjects taught and I observed that they felt encouraged. On the 27th and 28th March the written and oral examinations took place, the latter before the examiners appointed by you, Messrs H. Pilon V.8. of Vaudreuil and P. P. Gatien V.S. of St. Hyacinthe. Mr. A. J. Talmosse of St. André Avelin obtained the diploma of doctor of veterinary medicine, and Messrs. B. Breault, Godfroi Langevin, A. Delvecchio and J.-Bte Laval Talmosse the diploma of bachelor of veteri- nary medicine. Since the closing of the course I have had three applications for attendance and I hope that at the reopening on the 2nd October next, there will be as many new pupils as last year. That would be a satis- factory contingent. ‘The School received in two payments, the sum of... $2,000 00 tetas 184 To which must be added the balance on hand for $695 FOOD ow, en eae Geisler ee _depmite BeSoet 9 95 gS RE Ae ea aR Se 8 2,009 95 This sum was expended as follows: PAIR CO PYOTESROTS. «<0 -0 2. 220s Lay ncwe ens ee ans nei danvewentnensae $1,800 00 Paid for purchase of horses (practical anatomy and Operative/surge4ry) xc sce ps! sedeeent pans. de. less wed ae 34 00 Paid for advertizing course, annuals and cireu- lars, expenses of management, reception of examiners and professors on examination day and travelling in interest of school...... Sa ees ea 137 95 1,971 05 Balance to credit of school......... . ania $ 88 90 I deem it expedient to inform you that the clinics at the infirmary of the school have necessitated the making of new stalls and that while this addition was being made the director of the infirmary effected important improvements so that at present the establishment meets with great avantage the requirements of a veterinary establishment. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most obedient servant, V. T. DAUBIGNY, Director and Secretarg. ee, = oe" 185 McCILL VETERINARY SCHOOL. ANNUAL REPORT FACULTY OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE AND VETERINARY SCIENCE, McGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL. (Late Montreal Veterinary College.) To THE HONORABLE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTUEE, Quebec. Sir, I have pleasure in submitting the following report of the twelfth session of the Faculty (being the aie. -sixth of the Montreal Veterinary ‘College. ) Lectures commenced on the 21st September and were continued till the end of March. The number of students who registered was 17 of whom 15 attended. the full course viz: 6 from the United States, 7 from Canada and 1 from England. The reports from Professors of the attendance and diligence in study have been very satisfactory—-the usual Christmas and Spring examinations were held—as follows: First year :—Pass Examinations in Botany, Histology (oral) Chemistry, Anatomy, Physiology, and on all other subjects in the course of this year. Second year :—Pass Examinations in Chemistry, Physiology, Histology (written), and Anatomy, in addition to sessional examinations in these and the other subjects of the year. Third year :—Pass examinations in practice of Medicine and Surgery, is 186 general and special pathology, veterinary obstetrics, diseases of cattle, and materia medica and therapeutics and anatomy. Written and oral examinations were held from time to time during the session, attendance at these being compulsory. The standing attained at these examinations being taken into account at pass examinations. . The following have passed their examinations in the order given below :— VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY—(Third year.) O. T. Amyrauld, J.T. Rork, D. 8. Tamblyn. CATTLE PATHOLOGY—(Third year.) D. S. Tamblyn, J.T. Rork, O. T. Amyrauld. PATHOLOGY— (Third year.) Geo. A. Kennedy, J.T. Rork, D. S. Tamblyn. : W. Manchester, O. T. Amyrauld. ANATOMY-— (Second year ) A. D. Harrington, W. R. Blair, A. R. Douglas. S. Hadwen, W. H. Spear. PHYSIOLOG Y—(Second year.) A. D. Harrington, S. Hadwen, A. R. Douglas. W. R. Blair, L. Doyle, A. 8. Clark. W. iH. Spear. HISTOLOG Y— (Second year.) S. Hadwen and W. R. Blair(equal.) W. H. Spear. A. D. Harrington, L. Doyle, A. 8. Clark. HISTOLOGY—(First year) Geo. Halcro, Hugh Gaw. 187 BOTANY Hugh Gaw CYNOLOGY S. Hadwen, Hugh Gaw, A. 8. Clark. _W. R. Blair, A. D. Harrington, O. T. Amyrauld. A. R. Douglas, D. 8. Tamblyn, G. Halcro. W. H. Spear, JE. Rork. The Convocation for conferring degrees was held at the University on Friday 29th March. The proceedings were opened by the presenta- tion of the Faculty’s Report of pass examinations as above, the awarding of prizes, followed by conferring of degrees. Principal Peterson presided : there were also present, the Vice Principal Dean Johnson, Dean Bovey, Dean Walton, Professors Girdwood, Mills, Penhallow, Adami, McBride, Capper, Charles McHachran, Baker, Dr. Higgins, Dr. Moore, Dr. Sugden, &c., &c. Addresses were delivered by the Principal and the Dean of the Fa- culty, the Valedictory being delivered by Dr. O. T. Amyrauld on behalf of the graduates. Of five who presented themselves for final examination three suc- ceeded in passing—two having failed, they will be allowed to present themselves at the Christmas examinations when if they pass, the degree will be conferred. GRADUATES OF 1901 O. T. Amyrauld. J.T. Rork. D. 8. Tamblyn. PRIZES. Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.—O. T. Amyrauld. Cattle Pathology.—D. S. Tamblyn. Materia Medica.—Geo. A. Kennedy. 188 Anatomy.—A. D. Harrington. Physiology.—A. D. Harrington. Chemistry.—A. D. Harrington. Extra Prizes: For the best essay read before the Veterinary Medical Association : Ist J. T. Rork ; 2nd D. 8. Tamblyn; ard O. T, Amyrauld. The following changes have been made in the teaching staff, viz: Dr B. Arnold Sugden has been appointed Lecturer on Materia Medica, and Dr Charles Higgins Assistant to the Pathologist. I have pleasure in reporting that the Graduates from the School of Veterinary Science continue to be in demand and important positions are filled by them both in Canada and the United States, and that its work is being greatly appreciated throughout both countries owing to its prac- tical value both from its scientific and economic bearing on the great commercial industry, viz: general agriculture, live stock and the pro- ducts of the farm and ranch. I have the honor to be Sir, Your obedient servant, DUNCAN McEACHRAN, Dean. a 189 OFFICIAL LABORATORY OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. To the HoNORABLE Mr, DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, ‘Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit the report of the operations of the Official Laboratory for the year 1900-1901. With your kind leave, I spent the first months of the year (from 5th, July to 20th. October) on a holiday trip in Europe. It is true that the holiday was a long one. I thought that I could apply forit; [ even flattered myself that I had a certain right to the favor, considering that in the six years during which I[ have discharged the duties of chemist of your department, I had enjoyed no holiday whatever. I might have absented myself during the school vacations, but at that time I was detained in the laboratory by analyses called for by the dairy industry competitions. | I had hoped to have been able, during my stay in Paris, during the great exhibition, to address a few letters to the Journal of Agriculture I still retain the notes which [ committed to paper for the purpose. But, in the range of the chemical sciences, I perceived nothing of immediate interest to the readers of the Journal. I therefore divided my time between the different scientific congresses and especially between the two congres- ses of chemistry (congress of chemistry, pure and simple, and congress of applied chemistry). I prepared a report of my mission and it is from this report that I take the few notes, set down further on, upon certain 199 ————— questions discussed during the sittings of the congresses on chemistry, | I have reason to think that these notes are not devoid of interest. In the month of May last, I requested you to be good enoughto | liberate me from the personal engagement into which I entered, in 1895, — with your department to act for it in the capacity of chemist and director of the Official Laboratory of the Province. I wrote you then and I repeat that I had only come to this decision ~ for purely private and altogether personal reasons. I cherish the happi- — est recollection of my relations with all the staff of your department during ~ the exercise of my functions. For a number of years I have been making chemical analyses. Work of the kind is absorbing, sometimes disagreeable and often wearisome. I therefore thought that achemist younger in the career and consequently ~ ! more ardent at the business, would be in a position to render you more service than I could. : Dr. Benoit, of St-Hyacinthe, had worked with me in the Laboratory for several months. He ably assisted me in difficult analyses, such as — the analysis of wines and tobaccos. I recommended this gentleman to you ~ and you have appointed him to replace me. I have handed over to my successor all the laboratory of bacteriology — and certain other apparatus, of which you authorized the purchase on ~ account of your department. I have retained some small accessory parts of a microscope ete made — in Germany, which I would be sorry to part with. These parts moreover do not fit Dr. Benoit’s microscope, which is of a different make to mine. But though they have become deteriorated by pretty prolonged use, I send — you their value in money on the basis of their purchased price. . When the value of the apparatus which I hand over to you is com- pared with the bills which you paid, a difference of a couple of hundred dollars will be noted. This difference represents the apparatus broken and the chemicals used in the analyses, that is to say, the ordinary expen- — ses of the maintenance and working of the laboratory. Spread overaterm of six years it represents an annual expense of some thirty dollars, which, — I think, you will conseder very small. 191 List oF APPARATUS &C., HANDED OVER TO DR. BENOIT 1st Invoice : 1 Autoclave. 1 Incubator. 1 Nivellating table. 1 Pasteur hot air sterilizer. 5 Brass stands for culture flasks. 8 Doz. McFarlane tubes. 2 Condensers for McFarlane tubes (broken). 3 Bunsen burners. 1 Plate for vacuum warm culture. 1 Small heater for vacuum warm culture. 1 Plate for warm culture under the microscope. 2 Portable refrigerators. 1 Box for samples. Chest for cold water circulation. 1 Doz. bottles for bacteria culture. Staining dishes. e “ce ce “ce “ce 1 1 with lateral perforations. 1 Ball Condenser (soldered). 1 Doz. tubes for cultures. 1 lot rubber caps. 1 Plate Sterilizer. 4 Petri dishes. 9 Conical culture flasks. 15 Straight “ 1 Hot water Filter. 4 Pasteur flasks for culture mediums. 8 S ‘for vacuum culture. 18 “ for culture on potatoes. I Spectro-microscope. I Camera lucida. 1 Condensing Lens. I Tournette 1 Warming Table. 1 Electric battery (6 elements) without jars. 1 Platinum needle. oe > mw CO DD ee ee eet ee ood 2nd Invoice. 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 i 2 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 8 5 2 I 1 2 3 192 ib gelatine. ib agar-agar. Microtome. Razor for microtome. Standard Alcoholometer. Quadruple Vertical Condenser. Range of Bunsen Burners. Baskets for culture tubes. Glass Stands. Graduated flasks of 100 to 110 cc. doz. sample bottles and case. Small hand Centrifugal. Scalpel. Pinchers, with stop. Table for paraffining sections. Henocque Hemaloscope. Concave-centered Slides. “ . 4 for living organisms. Perforated swimming cup to stain sections. Round Staining dishes. Thermometer 33-44 in 1). Graduated burettes 1-5 in 4%. Six jar brass battery. brass box for refrigerator. Refrigerator. Wiessnegg Furnace. Sand-bath. Thermometer 0-100 in 4. Graduated Cylinder, 250cc, with tap. Rings for plates. Staining dishes, different sizes. Graduated flasks 1-10 in 3. Microscope Accessory —box. Plate. 12 cavities, for staining. Giass stands. Pasteur tubes. 1 Water turbine. 7 Small glass tubes. 1 Stand for 72 flasks. 1 Stand, iron. 30 Flasks. 5 Babcock flasks. 3 Petri capsules. 6 Conical Pasteur jars. 9 te “ec sé 20 Flasks. 1 Metal stand. Received (Signed) LS. VICTOR BENOIT, Director cf the Laboratory. LIST OF MICROSCOPE ACCESSORIES, &C, KEPT eo. cep me lin ccewins «cis sh py yeeenbie uss est ht i . worth. $17.00 MMIECO INO. A... 0... pcooccacscethoened casnmece ees. a 2.00 mn ARO) ce Wo. toh oie hd mn evade au, rf 2.00 Mpcrrye SO MM. LeItZ..u... .c.coe ae beacdioe! iewsseusd i 8.00 sf fa Pee ol akAdlvgi\: ected Noah Se kate wee tan 5 ° 4.00 es ont n «che wom clatsvw Chas Hal Bet ede HAL os os v7 8.00 I aos duis acs vn nabaus Geacne oo de hobo dadyae fide ceuae es 5.00 te ns vac coseceiscasnedes sevese ssscke mawentee Pes hide ee 1.25 / Hmery wheel ito grind glass.....0:..,..006... seccsse ‘ 1.25 Seamer IMAL] PICCES 2.5 skies scar Reed LA. dedenl M 11.00 IN TLEY a EAA, tenth ele gag nea $60.00 Presented in return a cheque for $60.00 accepted by La Banque Nationale, payable to the order of the Accountant of the Department of Agriculture. C. P. CHOQUETTE, St-Hyacinthe College, 1901. Me 194 ANALYSIS OF WINES I analyzed as carefully and minutely as possible three samples, of | wine, two of them Spanish and one a French Sauterne. Wines of good brand are very often adulterated by watering or by fortifying and some- times by both simultaneously. Watering is simply afraud. The addition of alcohol or fortifying is practised in order to impart keeping quality to wines intended for exportation. The percentage of alcohol in wines sent abroad should not fall q under 10 per cent and in sweet wines it should reach 12 %. The fermentation of the very sweet musts or grape juices rarely | develops more than 10 %6 of alcohol. 2 °, of the latter must be added to them when intended for export. This addition is not deemed fraudu- lent. In the analysis of wines guaranteed as pure, I endeavor especially to determine the quantity of alcohol contributed by the must. The addition of alcohol and especially of grape alcohol prevents the direct ascertaining of the proportion ofthealcohol of the must. But there is a law applicable to all wines—a law laid down by Pasteur and accepted by all chemical experts— namely that the glycerine which is found in all wines is in proportionate quantity to the natural alcohol. The relation of the weight of the alcohol to the weight of the glycerine (weight of the alcohol- weight of the glycerine) ina given weight of natural wine, is remarkably constant and comprised between 10 and 14. The proportioning of the glycerine is a delicate operation. After several tests of different processes, I have come to the conclusion that the process of the chemist Jean is substantially the quickest and most accurate. This process consists in evaporating to the consistency of a syrup 100 to 200 cc. of wine with an excess of slaked lime. The residue is then treated with absolute or anhydrous alcohol or alcohol of at least 96°; the alcohol is evaporated to the constant weight with 20 grammes of litharge, which latter absorbs and retains all the glycerine. It is then .weighed and put into a Pasteur hot air sterilizer or into an oil-heated incubator at 170° C., until it reaches the constant weight. The difference between the two weighings gives the weight of the volatilized glycerine. 195 I attach less importance in this analysis of wines to some other data such as the yield of acid alcohol and the aggregate of the weights of the sugar and the alcohol x 2. They possess some value, I have no doubt, in the analysis of dry wines, but would lead me to erroneous interpreta- tions in that of sweet wines on account of the particular mode of mann- facturing the latter. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS. I II III Tarragona Tarragona Sauterne Deasity at 15° C. 1.0069 1.0205 0.9900 Dry extract at 100°c. p.c. 6.12 9.51 3.06 Alcohol, in weight “ 12.60 12.60 8.55 Alcohol, in volume ‘“ 15.56 15.56 10.62 Total acidity, in tartaric acid pc. 0.750 0.675 0.825 Volatile acids, in acetic acid ‘“ 0.039 0.055 0.055 Ashes x §.228 0.317 0.262 Glycerine “ 0.300 0.208 0.116 Sugar a 3.78 7.23 0.508 ~* The proportion of alcohol-glycerine in the three samples is too great. There has been a considerable addition of alcohol. CHEESE. I On their return from Europe, Messrs. Bourbeau and Henry requested me to analyze two samples of cheese, which they had made in England, on the same day and with the same milk, under the direction—I think— of Mr. Lloyd. Both these cheeses were of the Cheddar type, but one of them had been made according to the English method and the other according to the Canadian. The difference between them was marked as well in the flavor, as in the paste, the apparent humidity and even a little in the color, although both were white cheese. I was ignorant at the time of the analysis as to which was the English 196 oe rrr and which the Canadian cheese. I was told later that the English cheese: was No. 1. The following is the result of the analysis. i II : Eng. cheese Can. cheese IW RTI dace ced ntirecs netqtoten ansede weereetece tance teeimene 31.80... ccc sane 3418 TUE Cea aes caccel ataas Se cc scas [> ee sewed) ainese eae deapeeeasenee 80.73...<0. aaa 30.30 BUTT Foectel es bas ucocd. tence uecpaee aber hea ee ca ane ea ene 2.50 ccseeeee 2.82 Gaséind soluble da qwater 28 22s. kth ae 9 72....c00cee 9.25 CGaseine insoluble , “4 vaseose.....cosensoes cocsaveen et 19.25 )...cceeee 23.45. otal CASCING...cesegr .oo0sev0n) gudun'soe.0 ebscense paesen gap stakipieGe a ape Percentage of soluble caseine «.......ceccsrsesscnensss create 33.66....<<-de0mm 28.23. Volatile acids, per gramme (in milligrammes of hydrate of soda (Na HO) .......- seeeee cesece sees seneee 9.60...;c03aeuee 9.52 Aroma of volatile acids......... egy | cee se Agreeable Less agreeable From the economic and commercial standpoint, it is very important to note that. the English cheese contains 3.60 p. c. more water than the Canadian article. Owing undoubledly to the method of manufacture, this excess of water is not apparent to the eye. I even think that the Canadian cheese seemed the more watery. Another fact revealed by the analysis is that these cheeses of the same age had not attained the same degree of ripeness. In fully ripened cheese, the caseine always presents a strong coefficient of solubility. The Cana- dian cheese shows 5. 43 p. c. less of soluble caseine. WATER. In the month of October last, the Abbé Lebel, of St. Lue de Matane, forwarded to me three samples of water and asked me to ascertain if sample No. II showed any traces of contamination by the slop water from a neighboring creamery. The three samples had been taken from a brook: No. I above the. factory, No. II from a sort of reservoir, more or less enclosed and formed by a bend of the stream, below the factory, and No. III below the reservoir. 197 — == — — ee ee == The washings or slops from a creamery are chiefly soiled by the milk and salt. The milk rapidly disappears in running water and less rapidly in stagnant water through the action of different oxydizing agents, The salt is carred off by running water, but accumulates in stagnant water. If the slops from the creamery found their way into the reservoir, I would have found undoubted proof of this in the proportion of salt insample No. Il. compared with the same proportion of salt in the two other samples. In butter salting, the makers generally use 4 per cent of salt. The butter retains on an average 2 per cent of the salt, the remainder being carried off in the washing. In the creamery, suspected of having contaminated the water in the reservoir, the maker had employed during the summer upwards of 500tbs of salt, the washings of which had carried off over 200tbs. If only 10 per cent of the washings had flowed into the reservoir, they would have raised the proportion of salt not from 851 to 887, according to the showings of the analysis, but from 85 to 2851. Result of the examination of these three samples of water from St. Luc de Matane. No. 1. No. II. No. ITI. Infusoria in Infusiora in Infusiora in MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION. large numbers less numbers large numbers very active. and less active. and very active. Oxygen absorbed per litre ................. 0.0025 0.00325 0.0025 Sodium chloride (salt) per litre ............ 0.00851 0.00887 0.00816 Hydrotimetric degree. .............. eesran +? 16.1 16.1 152 The conclusion from this analysis does not warrant the belief that there was any marked contamination. WATER FOR THE USE OF BOILERS. The boilers, and especially the boilers of butter and cheese factories, 198 ——- often become deteriorated by the use of water drawn from artesian wells. This water is seldom soft like river water; it partakes more of the nature of mineral water. Very adhesive calcareous deposits sometimes form on the sides and tubes of the boilers and sometimes the case is graver still; they eat and finally pierce the tubes and boilers. The waters, which form deposits are in the majority of cases charged with carbonate of lime. Their bad effects can be easily corrected by the addition of a few ounces of caustic soda, a substance known in the trade under the name of caustic. One to two ounces to 100 gallons of water are sufficient. Milk of lime alsojgives excellent results. About $a pint of thick cream of lime is added per 100 gallons of water and briskly stirred ; it is then left to settle during ten hours, after which the clear part is — | drawn off. The waters which eat away boilers contain chloride of magnesium. Through ebullition, the chloride of magnesium becomes decomposed and gives off chlorydric acid which vigorously assails the iron. It is almost impossible to correct these waters. It is better to abandon their use altogether. Mr. Trudeau, Superintendent of the Quebec Southern Railway, sent to the Laboratory some water derived trom an artesian well, asking if it could be used to produce steam in the locomotives. This water yielded : Total solids = 622 per 1,000,000 parts. Chionvejg — 28°% ag rs Magnesium =Traces I concluded from this summary examination that this water could be used in the locomotives, provided always that the residue of the ovapor- ation was cleaned out from them oftener than where soft water properly so called is used In fact, a boiler evaporates nearly 30itbs of water per horse power and per hour. A boiler of 100 horse power, running for 10 hours, with water containing in total solids 622 parts per 1,000,000, would accumulate about 20|lbs of solid matter. 199 ANALYSES OF TOBACCOS I managed to analyze a second series of samples of tobacco. Some of these tobaccos, under a foreign name, were grown in Canada ; others Were unquestionably authentic foreign tobaccos imported by the Em porium Cigar Factory at St. Hyacinthe : No. 9. 10. BL. 12. 13. 14. . Havana, ID ow od . Havana, grown at St. Hyacinthe in 1898. . Quesnel, i ‘ Joliette, 1897. . Connecticut, “ ‘“ Hyacinthe, 1897. White Burley “ $ a 1899. . Canadian XXX me as ce 6c ‘6 i cuttings from cigar covers, very old. Connecticut, imported, 1899. Porto Rico, imported by the factory, 1900. Wisconsin, imported, 1899. Sumatra, imported, 1894. i 5 1896. France, Département du Nord, 1599. These tobaccos yielded to the analysis. Nicotine. Ash. Lime. Potash. % % (% in the ash.) 172 24.16 18.24 ps 8.65 19,79 22.64 21.69 all 22.40 17.20 19.17 3.76 18.09 17.88 20.19 3 at 22 48 20 22 16.27 8.40 21.98 19.13 20.17 2.16 22.81 23.209 21.87 2 70 26.14 23.72 20.19 1.62 25.83 25.18 20.20 2.97 20 32 19.22 17.74 Sei Vt wy i 21.22 21.81 1L.W8 2118 20.77 pH 4 20 19.2 23.19 18.138 200 The average composition of the 10 samples of tobacco under different names, grown in the vicinity of the city of St. Hyacinthe would be Nicotine. Ash. Lime. Potash. % % (# in the ash.) 8.48 20.24 16.57 20.83 GRADUATED PHIALS FOR BABCOCK APPARATUS. At the request of Mr. Faucher, the Beauce county creamery inspector, I tested 25 graduated flasks intended for determining the quantity of fat by the babcock process. 11 phials (42%) gave pretty correct indicatives. 5 phials marked 0.10% short. eis eT SOO bin ct } Pini elie a1 ii 7 hele to EE Aa a al! 6e 4é 0.50% ce The last five phials should not be used. The inaccuracy of 0.30 to 0.50% bears—it is true—over the whole scale, that isto say on 10%. But for ordinary milk, whose indications are embraced between 8 and 4%, there would be all the same an error of 0.10 to 0.16%. An inaccuracy of 0.20% may be tolerated. In ordinary readings it entails only an error of 0.06 to 0.08%. But this phial should not be used during several months to test the milk of the same patron. A marked error might result from the aggregate of inaccurate readings. THERMOMETERS The same inspector, Mr. Faucher, brought me six thermometers, whose indications at 64° F. were pretty nearly correct, but at a tempera- ture of 922 F. one marked 90 and the other 91.5. TABLETS TO ESTIMATE ACIDITY It is unquestionable that the knowledge of the greater or lesser degree of the acidity of milk cream, &c., is calculated to render important service. Pe ee ee a 201 The determining of an acid in the laboratory is a quick and easy operation. The necessary titrated alkaline liquors are usually on hand, but, outside the laboratories, the operation becomes delicate and some- times requires much patience. The tablets, containing an accurately calculated weight of alkali, simplify the work enormously. All that is needful is to dissolve them in @ measured volume of water and the titrated liquor is immediately ready. I have had tablets prepared, the quantity of alkali in which is such that, on being dissolved in twenty five cubic centimetres of water (25 cc.) to each pastille, they furnish a solution, of which 1 c.c. equals 0.100j0 of lactic acid in 10 c.c. of milk orcream etc, etc. A burette of 10 c. c, divided in;pisused. Each division corresponds to 0.01% of lactic acid. I have sent to your department some hundreds of these tablets for distribution. I have still on hand a few dozens, which I will furnish on application. MAPLE SYRUP. 17 samples of maple syrup collected on the market of St. Hyacinthe were examined with the microscope in order to ascertain whether they had been adulterated with ordinary sugar. These syrups were well made, were of normal density and had a per- fectly authentic taste. The microscopic examination revealed no trace of adulteration. I still maintain that by following the process indicated last year, the microscope is the only instrument that can disclose, through search for the debris of vegetable cells, the addition of the crystallized sugar ot commerce to maple syrup or sugar. OTHER ANALYSIS. I made besides the above a number of other analyses—of different ores, milk, wax, ochre, &c., &c. These, however, constitute routine work the result of which interests the applicant only. 202 With the assistance of Mr. Leclair, director of the Dairy School, I tested the value of some lactic ferments. These tests had no a satisfactory result. As heretofore, I gave at the different courses of the Dairy School lectures on bacteriology accompanied by demonstrations with the micros- cope. CONGRESS OF CHEMISTRY, PARIS. The [Vth International Congress of Chimestry was solemnly opened on Monday the 23rd. July, 1900, in the great amphitheatre of the Sorbonne, in Paris. Over 1000 members were in attendance. The session was presided by Mr. Moissan, who read the speech of | Mr. Berthelot, the honorary president, confined to his home by illness. The Organization Commission of the Congress had laid out the fol- lowing programme : 1. To unify the methods of analyses, which sometime create great difficulties for trade and administrations ; 2. To seek to find out the adulterations of food-stuffs and chemical products ; 3. To suggest a few subjects of very limited analytical and industrial research ; 4 To consider the conditions of transportation by land or water, customs questions, in a word, all economic questions of an international character, which a congress cannot overlook. As stated by President Moissan, this embraced all the applications of the chemical sciences, inasmuch as the different manifestations ef the chemical industry possess a mutual solidarity and none of these may be neglected. Among the members present, mere particularly remarked : ) 203 ‘Engel, Hanriot, Muntz, Gauthier, Sabatier ; For Germany: Messrs LeBlanc, Grueher, Ritter von Grucher, Beau- vais, Boornstein, Hoffman, Reuter ; For the United States: Messrs Wiley, Chandler, Clark Doremus ; Austria: Messrs Ludwig, Liebermann ; Belgium: Messrs Sachs, Kruting, Vauters ; Italy : Messrs Oddo, Paterno ; Denmark: Mr Peterson ; Greece: Mr Cristomanos ; Mexico: Mr Stampa; Roumania: Mr Butureanu ; Russia: Mr Mendeleef ; Switzerland: Messrs Lang, Lunge. The work of the Congress was distributed between ten sections : Section I. Analytical chemistry ;—accurate apparatus ;—Unilfication of analytical methods— Official and commercial analyses of articles subject to taxes and duties —Tables of concordance between the different areome- tric degrees and the densities. Section II. Chemical industry of inorganic products ;—The acids of industry : HNOs;, SO,, H.. HCl, Chlorine, Ammonia, Phosphates, pottery, glass work. Section III. Metallurgy—Mines—Explosives. Section IV. Industry of Organic products :—Bread-making— Preserved -foods—Fatty matters—Cellulose and papers—Leathers and hides. Section V. Sugar-Making—Extraction of the juice of the cane and the beet— Purification of the juices—Electrolysis—Ozonization.— Utiliza- tion of molasses. sd 204 nn ———————————————— 8. Seo S550 ac i : 1] Section VI. Industries of fermentation : Apparatus for distilling and — rectyfying alcohol.—The producing ferments of vinegar—The keeping of 1 pressed and dried yeast. Section VII. Agricultural chemistry : Production of the vegetables” used in industry—Study of soils and manures—Uattle Feeding—Dairying. Section VIII. Hygiene—Medical and Pharmaceutical chemistry.— Adulteration of food-stufts. Section IX. Photography. Section X. Electro-chemistry: Electrolytic production of metals— Electric furnaces—Carbide of calcium. ~~ eee aL SSN I had asked to be entered in sections I, VII, VIII and X, which held — their sittings in the same building—the School of Pharmacy. But I also managed to follow the debates on one or more questions in all the sections. All these sections sat during five whole days. In this summary report, I shall confine myself to noting the more in- © teresting questions brought up for discussion in the different sections. Colin’s General Review of the Sciences gave every day to the mem= — bers of the Congress, an analysis of the previous day’s work. To put my notes in order, I draw largely upon that interesting review. On the first day, Section I unanimously adopted the proposition of — Mr, Clarke, supported by Messrs Lunge and Henriot, for the creation of a permanent commission to codify the process of chemical analysis. The commission chosen by the III Congress of Chemistry held at Vienna in 1898, and composed of Messrs Grucher, Marker, Menozzi, Sidersby and Willey submitted the “ Methods of analysis for fertilizers — and fodders.” I make a note of the few differences between these methods and those 205 proposed by the American chemists. Thus the phosphoric acid soluble in citrate of ammonia is determined according to the method of Mr Petermann, of Gembloux. The Thomas Scoriz, the delicate analysis of which provoked many debates, was the object of special study. For the nitrogen, in this state of nitrate, only the direct methods are admitted. Mr Krausse proposes to employ in scientific communications : The symbol N to represent nitrogen s P y phosphorus, to reject the Symbols Am and Cy; to reject the radicals ; ammonium (NH,) cyanogen (CN). Also, the organic radicals must be fully written out, Methyl—=CH;, Ethyl,=C, ges Phen7l=C, Hz. The section asks that “ in the construction of areometers and densi- “meters, the specific weight be always taken as the base ; that the tem- ** perature, for which the instruments are set, be engraved on the body of “ the instrument itself.” This proposition should specialy interest our butter and cheese- makers and it would be desirable to see it immediately put in practice in the construction of lacto-densimeters. Mr. Jean studied the butters in which the Reichert mark is too high ortoolow. He ascertained that these anomalies are due to a combination of the ration and not to the food itself of the cows. That is to say that a ration may be sufficient, but if the relation of the sugars (carbo- hydrates) to the protein be not observed, the milk will turn out abnormal butter. In section II, Mr. Pierron notes the constantly increasing production of the great acids. He observes that the preparation of sulphuric acid calls for the employment of all the sulphurous substances ; metallic sul- phides, raw sulphur, &c. In Belgium, more than half the total output comes from the calcination of the sulphides of zinc (blendes) ; our copper pyrites, so abundant in the Eastern ‘Townships will probabiy acquire therefore a good commercial value. Mr. Le Chatelier made a communication on microscopic metallurgy. He recommended calcined aluminum after thorough washing for polishing, } sections of iron and steel. Section IV received a report from Mr Jean, explaining the best means to combat the hurtful organisms in the dressing of skins. Mr. Jean also | referred to the injury done the leather industry by the ox-fly. He pro- posed a request to the Minister of Agriculture to prescribe the currying of animals on pasture. Mr. Frenkel entertained us with Lebioda’s process for seasoning — lumber. This process turns out in ashort time a wood completely free | from the soluble elements of the sap, which cause wood to work. Wood: | thus prepared does not warp or crack in drying. This communication | gave rise to a most interesting discussion. } Velvril, a new product destined to replace India-rubber and gutta- * percha, was presented by Mr. Reid. : Velvril is obtained from a mixture of castor oil and gun cotton. © Tubes, water-proof cloths, belts, possess the same qualities as the objects of the same name prepared with India-rubber. I took the occasion of this question of India-rubber and its substitutes to acquaint several numbers of the Congress with the result of my researches relative to the Asclepias Cornuti It was known that this plant contained India-rubber, but the quantity was ignored (See report 1898-99 of the Official Laboratory of the Province of Quebec, page 13). The sugar-making and distillery chemists constituted section V. Belgium and Germany had sent a large number of directors of sugar refineries. The reports and discussions were rather of a purely industrial character. OE et ee een Cn a ee ee The testing of beet-seed, the work of the factories, the refining, the boiling of the juices, the utilization of the molasses for feeding animuls &c., were all discussed. 207 Mr. Wilez gave a rule for the correction of polarimetric readings according to the variations of the temperature and a new method of deter- mining the invert sugar; heating in the boiling bain-marie until the sugary solution marks 85-87° C., weighing the sugar reduced either to the state of oxydule collected by centrifugation or in the state of black oxyde of copper. Section VI heard several reports relative to the natural and artificial ferments used either in the direct making of alcohol or in the preparing of wines. It seemed to be admitted that it is possible to entirely eliminate or at least to favorably and very appreciably modify the influence of the soilon grape musts. The process recommended is to sterilize the musts at 110° C during 10 minutes and after cooling to put in the chosen fer- ments. The taste of the alcohol of Cognac has been obtained by ferment- .ing beet-sugar with a ferment derived from a Charentes must. Mr. Krutwig does not concede the necessity of the salts of lime in the water intended to soak the barley for the purpose of malting. Experi- ments made with distilled lime, selenitic and other waters have proved that the quantity of phosphates dissolved is always the same in these different waters. | The following suggestion made in Section VI was reserved for the, general meeting: ‘“‘ That in all the countries represented at the Congress by their delegates, alcohol intended for the manufacture of chemical and pharmaceutical products be relieved from all customs and octrot duties.” Mr. Déhérain, president of Section VII, established that aeration is not the sole object of the working of soils, but also and above all the supply of water. A compact soil, in which there is still 20 °%), of the volume of air, only retains a few hundred parts of water as compared with the same soil worked up. . The composition and hence the value of superphosphates was the subject of an interesting discussion in which Messrs. Déhérain, Menozzi, Paterno, and Liberman tookipart. Mr. Menozzi believed that it would be better to estimate the superphosphates by the quantitative analysis of the phosphoric acid soluble in water. The result would be more care in the manufacture and the quantitative analysis wouldjbe more speedy and harmonious. Mr. Déhérain related the history of the question of the fixative bacteria 208 en eee — of nitrogen. He indicated the result of the experiments at the school of Grignon and elsewhere and drew the following conclusions: “ there is no reason to extend the agricultural employment of cultures of these bacteria, the effects obtained being in general insignificant or null.” Mr. Lézé, considering that in cream, supposed to be formed of equal — globules of butter, each globule is surrounded by 12 other globules tan- gent to it, estimated that cream of maximum concentration should contain 75 °74 of butter and 25 °%, of milk. Mr. Kiihn stated that he secured the sterilization of milk on a large scale by the ccmbined action of pressure and heat. Milk, sterilized at 110°C, is cooled in the apparatus‘itself by means of q a current of cold water and bottled aseptically with the aid of a special — apparatus for the purpose. Mr. Paterno, read a fine work on the sugar-producing vegetables: the maple for cold climates, the beet-root for the zone adjoining the 45th. ~ parallel, the sugar cane for the tropics, and the sorghum which seems in- tended to fill up the gap between the 45th. parallel and the tropics. The composition of sugar beets is extremely variable; it oscillates — owing to different influences which are still undetermined. In section VIII, Mr. Berger stated that the sterilization of water by means of the peroxyde of chlorine is perfect. This opinion was confirmed by several other members. Mr. de Brevans submitted a work on the search for saccharine in food- stuffs. Mr. Riche, directory of the Laboratoire des expertises announced that the Ministry of Trade and Industry was preparing a circular prohibiting the use of saccharine. This substance is already prohibited in Italy, Bel- gium and Roumania. Mr. Halphen had studied the different processes employed in the analysis of oils, and discussed the reactions thus far proposed to charac- 209 a, terize cotton seed oil and sesame oil. He recommended the changes, in- troduced by Mr. Millau which operate not on the vils themselves, but on their yolatile acids. Mr. Christomanos ascertained that during the freezing of water, there is elimination of organic impurities and microbes. Cloudy ice is always suspicious and should be rejected from alimentary use. f This observation by Mr. Christomanos confirms the conclusions of my report of 1899-1900 on the purity of natural ice. Following upon a communication from’ Mr. Butureanu on the pre- sence of the higher alcohols in fermented drinks, Mr. Riche proposed the appointment of an international commission to study the processes of analysing oe pa amet the ahi al ble dain the results. A very important fouiarunasatieas was: made to Section IX by. Mr. Minovici on forgeries in writings and 4 on | photography in colors with a pose of 1- 15 of a second. ‘This Section was unanimous in'the xpression of its admiration for the enable works' of Messrs’ Jarssen; ‘Marly, ' Eemtere and Mt ore Seer ai ied) iin ebro Vind at yet Section X. Electro- chemistry, was the section whose sittings: were the most interesting. At the opening, the president, Mr. Moissan, expressed all his reservations frd th the standpoint’ of thé Wilgon patent pandas the ‘preparation of'catbide of calcivim.' 'M¥:"Wilson! rectilled that on 'the12th. December, 1892, he announced the formation of the carbide by the €lecttic are and. that phe; Wilson, patent: was only, Raowaiin February, 7 (: Upper ty Mr. Matihews reviewed the carbide industry j in “America. He joen- tioned the great works at Niagara, Sault Ste Marie and St. Catherine's and stated thatthe cost price of ¢arbide vatieduvitH/each establishment! then tO ys peat -ds do dled teorg do ods ai ot dqgeomts Mr. Rasnard divided into five classes the different acetyl appara- ‘tus'shown by 95'exhibitory'in thé Vineenited wing -portableappatatus ; apparatus providing for the fall of water in the carbide ;*apparatus’lettitte es ees. eae ,drgp into ants: and lastly apparatus for 14 eodn Parsi Dibve Uf bsv19e 210 De eee eee using acetylene compressed or dissolved without pressure in acetone. These latter apparatus should—it seems—solve the problem of lighting railway cars. They contain 100 times their volume of acetylene. At equal weights, they give 20 times more light than electric storage batteries. They are absolutely without danger—a result quite recently attained. Among the more recent discoveries in the range of chemistry may be © mentioned the use of the powder of aluminum to obtain temperatures almost as high as the electric furnace. Relying on the great affinity between aluminum and oxygen, Dr Goldschmidt, of Essen in Germany, works with the utmost ease andina _ state of hitherto unknown purity the most refractory metals: chromium, titanium, vanadium or their alloys with iron. And what is more astonishing, the operation is performed quite simply in a crucible—which a workman may hold in his hand—by the combustion of a few ounces of powdered aluminum and different oxydes. This process is applicable to the fusing and welding of ordinary © metals : iron, steel, nickel. It is already used for welding the rails of tramways. This work, which called for a very cumbrous plant and a force of several horse-power, is now executed much more rapidly by a couple of men, who carry in their hands all that is needed for several weldings. The Society of Electro-Chemistry had installed Dr Goldschmidt’s aluminothermic crucibles in the neighborhood of the electric furnaces on the Champ de Mars. The members of the Congress of Chemistry had the pleasure of attending two exceedingly interesting lectures given outside the hours of their regular sittings. The first was by Mr. Gauthier on the combustible gases of the atmosphere, given in the chemical hall of the faculty of medicine. The second was by Mr Moissan in the school of pharmacy on fluorine and electric furnaces. I admired samples of liquefied fluorine, perfectly transparent, pre- served in sealed glass tubes. 211 eee The liquefaction of this subtle and refractory gas seems to be easily effected at a temperature of—180° C., obtained by means of liquid air. Before closing its labors, the Congress was invited to place on record recommendations for the establishment of schools of chemistry in al] countries. Such schools already exist in Germany and at Nancy in France. Here, in Canada, the teaching of industrial and analytical chemistry is scattered over a number of laboratories. We have no special laboratories. The Pasteur Institute in Paris has recently opened a laboratory for chemical and bacteriological analyses, the organization of which seems to be perfect. Students are admitted from all countries. The criticism of methods of analysis and the degree of confidence deserved by each are taught. Here are‘some of the studies included in the programme: bacteriolo- ‘gical technique; study of water, beer, milk, butter, oils, canned goods, &c., &e The detailed programme and the terms of admission to the laboratory ean be procured by addressing the Director of the Pasteur Institute, Paris. If an establishment for the study and practical work of chemistry, could be organized somewhere in Canada it is unquestionable that many young men would be only too happy to patronize it and to win an honorable and lucrative position for themselves in a career that is far from overcrowded. C. P. CHOQUETTE. 212 ‘3 REPORT OF THE AGRICULTURAL MERIT COMPETITION FOR THE YEAR 1901. SKE Seen Chey i’ Gaz pe Gs? j ‘ bus } i v WA PRs y eae . ia To THE HONORABLE F. G. M DECHENE, Minister of Agriculture, , ve / Quebec.«: cgiira ois Sir, i> ; : ' { re $p 56 { tee we The undersigned have the honor to submit their. report on the agri- cultural merit competition for the year 1901 in the region comprising ; the 22 southern counties of the province, with the request that you will be pleased to receive it ees in peoming with the impor of the subject. aahenn i . Very respect fally submitted. _ ARSENE. DENIS, : THOMAS DRYSDALE, . — JOSEPH DELAND.. se COMPETITION OF AGRICULTURAL MERIT 1901 COMPETITORS FOR THE GOLD MEDAL a DATE Pa} LAUREATE | No. NAME RES(DENCE or Re THE VISIT | «gE < Gold medal. | 1 |John Muir... sess seven Hinchinkbrooke, Huntingdon.........++ July, 5..00 95.85 2 |Antoine heen j veo (St-Antoine, Verchares ce..ses+- sess. scsees Aug., 15...) 94.65 9% | 3 |Erastus P. Ball. we |Rock Island, Stanstead... vebecesse |) etna 94.60- eee Ais Ws Davidson......c000 Bethel, Ely Noth, Shefford... soot eos | SBD Urgeniaas 93.80 a9 | 6 |Lt.-Col. A. H. Gilmour... Stanbridge- Kast, ’ Missisquoi... Sebuge aes nan July, 26....| 91.4650 6 |John V. Corligs......0+ 0+» Barnston, Missisquoi cadleegapgacenanpeoaetan AUg.. 3 0. 85.264 : COMPETITION OF AGRISGL DETAIL OF POINTS A | BUILDINGS, 7 points || 5 s X—IMPROVEMENTS TO | v.—DWEDEING House | _| VI |VI-MANURE VIII—ORDER Ix I. | If | 11.) 1V.| re - hecam | | | Sees | rane ; Pourtry | OTHER 514 Ant 5 vt : 7 ae | | | 2 points | Barn Hitcantaice Cow Sr \BLES Picgery S Q eG BuiLpines opts o pls. ° pts, 3pts f | SDABLE: § F ; ( DIS == DRAINAGE | | 1 pt. | 1.50 pts. 2 pts. 0. 50 pts. | 0). 25 pts. 0. 25 pts 1. 50 pts. NAMES Sy | ae ee eS eS —_——_— —————— aa ==!) _ _ OF eae | | eel atest a Eile : he | No. | J | | real | | | | | 5 S to | 5 | S b | = | | i] | | = it | = - be = Zz COMPETITORS. g 5 | Blelel. [sf] | | eth | g z 5 2 | 2! | 2 2 2\e | A S es | f : > cata = 6/25 S = = 2 ellos | a/e|2 [3°] > 2 = = = = | | 2 Z 0/3 | # g Z = (Ge | A e/a/2/8/3/3 x | 8 S S 5 5 ale SABER has 2 = |= Hee 2 | Z|: ala Fl\GlIF (Ola la 12 | | & -|a/ eI alele|/2i=lelsle2ie Shy potel [ie Sean | ee 2 | 8 | 5 g\2 : i easel le =| 8 = |5 2312) 5)|3| | 2 4pts)2pts/4pts3pis| A! B| © | D | EB 3 | 5 = = HAlslals |e a | Sie |3/| 3 ieee Ss ee eS ES ale ——_ = a. = J | ——— — - ar l ] ji ] Poa a | | | | | | | | | | | i} | | } | FOR THE GOLP MEDAL | el | | | | / | | | | | | | | ey) John Muir sess. sesceecse erseseeaee{4- | 2. | 3.90] 2.95] 0.40) 0.401 0.40] 0.40) 0.40) 2.00} 0.35} ( 2.50) 5.00) 1.25] 1.95] 1.95! 15 | | | | | al ier “ / 35) 0.80! 1.00) 0.6) 0.64) 1.24] 0.85} 0.85) 1.70) 0.20) 0,20) 0.40} 0.10) 0.10] 0.20] 0.02) 0.03) 0.05) ...- | L45| 6.05) 4.95) 2.2 5.00) 3.00) 2.50} 2,50) 2,00) 1.50) 0.50, 1.00) 1,00] 0.70! Lo 0.40 | | | Were tes ale 5 mle a 2 Antoine Phaneuf....seceeeeeeeeeee 4. | 1.90) 4.00) 2.75) 0.35) 0.40} 0.40) 0.40! 0.40 1.95] 35} .85| .80| 1. fo) 7} 1.50) 1. | 2. 12. | 50) 015) .10) 25) .10) .10) 20) -... | 1:25) 6.70} 5.0 | 2.50) 2.50) 5. | 1.25} 1.25) 1.25} 1.20) 4.95) 2.25) 2.50) 2.00) 2.00) 1.25! 0 75 1.00) B| 1.50 0.50 3)Bratus P. Ball .---s:e-s-0 seseneee 4. |2. | 3.85) 2. A0| .40}940)2. | .85]0.85] 80) 1. | .75| .75/ 1.50) 1. | 1. |2, | 20). 2002 Joecee | ese | 10) 05) 15) 1. | 1.15) 7. | 5.00) 2.50) 2.50) 5. | 1.20) 1.25) 1.25] 1.20) 4.90] 3.00) 1.50) 50) 1.00| 25] 25/050) Su! 50! 100) 1 ] | | lear | | | | [ OO} 1. j.c.o6s 4)L. W. Davidson. -.ce..seerseeeeeees 4, |}2. | 3,75] 2.: 5) .40| .40) 40! 1.95) 85) 0.36| 80) 1. 0) 70) 140} 1. | 1. 12. | 50} .10) .15] 25) .10] .10) .20) .95} .65) 6.95) 4.95] 2 50) 2.50) 5. | Ll. | 120) 1.20! 1.15) 4.55! 2.50) 2,95) 2 L5 | oul 2 1) .60)2. | 1.50) 350) 1.10 f John Butler..cssse a sesessseeessnees| 4, 30) 1. 7) 70) 140) 1. | 1, |2. | .25] .25) .50) .... | 10) .10) .20) .....| 1.50) 660) 5. | 2.50) 2.50) 5. | 1.25) 1.25! 1.25) 1 25/5 50} 2.50} 2.50! 1.00) .50) 0.25! Leo Peeesct 0.05! 1.40 | 10} .10} .20)....,] 1.50} 6.65]5. | 2. 0) 2.50/5. | 1.25] 1.25] 1.25] L25)5. | 8 35 L } 25) 5. 3 65] .6u) 2.25 | | | | | | = | ) i} | a < . -| s - 4 3 = Gg |.-t- J. |. | Jo |] | - | RR tet 5/Lt. Col. A. H. Gilimour....... ....|4. | 1.75/3, |2 40) .85] .40 195) 35) 135] .30) 1. 75) 70) 1.45) 1. it, |, || 25) .25) .50) .10 10) 90| 10) .15) .25}1. | 50) 6.90) 5. | 2.50) 2.50! 5. L. 1.20) 1.25) 1.20) 4.65) 2. 2 1 I 50 a 1.50! 150/3.00) 75/1 | | | | | GlJekin V. Corliss ...- ssseescerseecesees| 4. | 2, 13.75) 2.95) .85| 185] 40) 40) 40) 1.90) . 85) .80) 1. .70| .70) 1.40) .90) .95 1.65) .15) .15} .30) .10 10) 20) 510) 10) 20) <..2) 1.25) 6.20) 5 2 45) 250} 4.95) 1.20) 1.10) 1.25) 1.25) 4.80) 0.25] 1.25) .95) 1 r ..| Se 1.50 | |, alae [3 ha | ah i’ | | | FOR THE SILVER MEDAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2\Herménég. Archambeault... | 50) LsB5)ccset|..ssce]/-ceee] 60} 3) Alexander econ CETERA Soma Ok | | -10} 10) 20) .50) 1.50) 7.00) 5. 2.50) 2.50) 5. 1.20) L.24) 1.24) 1.23) 4.91 2.80] .08) 0.03) 2.05) L. | 0.50! 1.00) eer | | | een | 4)Robt, McFarlane... cscs oe 4. | 1.95) 3.75/8, | 40{ 40! .40| 40] 40/2, | .80} .80| .80] .90] .7 | | ll Faves 3 7) .75| 1.45) .85) 1.00] 1.85} .20) .20) .40}.... | ....-| .... ) = ae | “hos et tas } | | | } 4 Robt, Merariane. 1.95/4. | 2.90) 40 AO} AO} AO} a0) 2, | | 60) 1.25) 8°} .91] 1.75) 2} 20) .40) 10) .10| .20) .05) 0.05) «1 5 Ls. 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All 10) 10.50! 9 v1.50) evens] 10) 20-2) seen) 24.65 | | | | | : Lo 90) 1.2} 1.15] 4.55]... 20) 1.50] .20) .... 20 «| 65]. eles ait ‘| lee hie 1.20) 1.2 ls D5) eveee AO) .20) 1.81 20 ij : A: te 4 Wes | ¥F0|\ 4o} Ps 40) 25 «- 0.10) 0.05) 0,75 0.10) 0.5) LAL 7) 1.25 60) Le 75 1 | 75) 1. 50) 1.35 74) 1. 75) 1.50 7A) 1.25 75) 1.00 -78) 1,00 75) 1.10 50) 1.25 75) 1.10) 7) GRAIN 0.25) 5.05) 0.50. 70) 0.50: seer) 240) 22. 25| .20) .7 sures 1.10 3,80. | 92 0.90 2.80 80/16 65) seaes LO 10 0.02 0.02 10 01) 0.01) XII—STATE OF CULTIVATION, 30 points Hoep Crops White TO eeseshere] |e Glee 05) .07 60 =LO\ MOS] beret |ieat 5 FoppERS Meadows 780 16. 10. 8.30 12.95 10.80) 17.65 10.40 12.10) 14.2) 20.50) 10.80 @ | 1 60) 05! 0,25 MIScELLANFoms 1.05) 0.05 0.05 15) .80 dt) Uda) AU)... 05} 0.05) 20) 10) 0.16 05) .01 10 i0 05) .15 1,50} .50 25, 0.00 1G) .10 10 cerer|| {0}9) 05 80 +05} .10! 0.10)... 80 10} 1. | 1. 0.05) 0.05} .10) .... sexs | LU)... | 05 105) .1d).... GRADE OF MERIT RESIDENCE Powrs AWARDED mp |p Weeteuurg, Missisquoi... .|St-Antoine, Vercheres Bryson ville Ch&teaugnay. Riverfleld q le. Pee ice. Vessoees sveoreees |Ot- Guillaume, Yamaska... Sam. Dumoulin............. Ste-Edwidgé, Comptone.cs..0 se. : Ty R ‘pt-Pie, Bagot .. y cebh ad cock te 8 | Will McDougall... ‘Ormstown, Chiteauguay . *9 |Hlie Beaudry............. nee Dominique, Bagot... 10 jArchib. Muir, jr..........,..| Hinchinkbrooke, Huntingdon... . July, 6 4p we honse a ts il Segre Verchérts.. ovewens AUB, ‘16..: Bs “18 searas m |Fane, 28., .|July,9 ‘ 17 MoNaughton BTOS.......04-, ‘|Dewitville, Huntingdon ........ pave 18 |Robert Roy . Wage ae et Chateauguay.. ; 19 |Jos. Théberge...... N.-D. Richelieu Rouville.., 20 Mark Davidson... ‘|Bathel, Ely., Shefford... J. W. Logan.......-. ......-.|Allan’s Corner, Chateauguay. . 22 |Eustache Roy........ Berepestncee "-|L? Acadie, St-Jean | oe : saints aa. | TR. Harvay veerseeeee (Frelighsburg, Missisquoi 24.. t OTA 24 Sifroy Fortin ........... -....|St-Geo. Henryville, Iberville 25 |Edmond 2S eigmne --+eee+|St-Basile, Chambly ' 26 \Joseph Palardy.... Ste-Théodosie, Verchéres 27 |Joseph Désantels... .{St-Simon, Bagot. . Sap 4,4 28 |André Rodier. .......-...4. + St-Barnabé, St- Hyacinthe. Secusaees 29 | Alex. Cunningham. . -|Allan’s Corner, Chateauguay. .. 30 |Robert Anderson... North Georgetown, Chateanguay 1 |Lévi Toupin........ L’ Acadie, St-Jean Jonas Théberge..... ........-|N.-D. Richelieu, Rouville . sacedte , .33 | Alphonse Provost....... fear ipiivtinn taal Missisquoi... ne JOS, Chayer....e0e ceeeeeees St-Stanislas de K , Beauharnois.. June, 26; 3B J. A. Bemoit......0.. seeeeeeee St-Grégoire, Iberville jJuly, 19.. 6 \J. L. Lemire..... La Baie du Febvre, Yamaska Ste-Martine, Chateauguay St-Elphége, Yamaska "ry esere see Leeweed A so osep: aeee a - sree i eceree weeeee eee eenee * esenee eeee oeeeee eee oneeee oneeee f. |ste-Philomane, Chateauginy Pee eest 82.55 | RE Varennes, Verchéres . . Z 2 ‘Alexis Be enhn.22.: St-Elphége, Yamaskcccsveccomse) 29... . ponte shed “43 |John Murphy.................|Dalling Ely., Shefford sas -20> |. sacene 44 [Smith se North Hatley, Stanstead Sept. 6...) 5 | sesens «.++/St-Pierre de Vérone, Missisquoi... 123.4 :.4| . RAS Edmond Robin.. ie |Valcourt, Shefford - ae ecg SK gOS a John Curtis. ...............-.|Stanstead, Stanstead Daseee 60 | ees -|Frs. Laframboise... St-Stanislas de K., Beauharnois... r ' cs? Calvin Chs Manning Magog, Stanstead .. emicedbrses DS HU: Poiunceas caine Jos. Bissonnette..........+. Valcourt, Shefford... se ees a “ioe \Marieville, Rouville........-- + -seee-|JUly 3.62 | Pen Valcourt, Shefford Sex ote oer a ‘ St-David, Yamaska a ia ( oceans +. |St- Athanase, Thar ville .t.ce-sze ubhe i (ares ‘ = op sere 56 |G. ae Varennes, Verchéres ; ae § sacene | | Adolphe Girouard..........|St-Barnabé, St-Hyacinthe é : | |J. Nelson Cushin.-... Dixville, Stanstead 214 The region which we were called upon to visit this year is beyond question the most important and the most interesting from every point of view. It is the finest, as well as the richest, agricultural section of the — of the province, seeing that it comprises that incomparable triangular plain, the fertility of which is only equalled by the rich prairies of the West and which extends from the St. Lawrence to the mountains in the South and West —a region embracing the most remarkable area of land in point of agricultural wealth, natural beauty and landscape charm. It is also the region which presents the greatest variety of soils and crops: cool sandy soils, sandy-clayey-calcareous soils, warm and dry silicious soils, beautifully level lands of alluvial clay, heavy lands dotted with — calcareous swells, lands free from stones and extremely rocky lands, grain and hay lands, vegetable and fruit lands, pasture jJands; mixed crops with natural or permanent pastures outside of the rotation, crops on the semi-pastural system or on a fodder-basis, with the feeding of dairy or beef cattle according to circumstances ; consumption of the fodders and grains on the farm and sale of the animal products as basis of the system ; extensive farming with the raising of hay for the market as its basis ; cultivation of orchards, small fruits, embellishment of the property and development of local natura! advantages. We shall have to note, in the case of each county visited, the particu- lars of the soils, crops and other circumstances, at least as far as the actual competitors are concerned. The twenty-two counties forming this immense and magnificent section of our province were not all represented in the competition. For instance, the counties of Napierville, Laprairie, Brome, Sherbrooke, Rich- mond and Drummond had not a single competitor and several other counties were not sufficiently represented. The counties, which were best, as well as most largely, represented were : Chateauguay, Huntingdon, Missisquoi, Stanstead, Shefford, Yamaska and Vercheres. We visited 64 farms, 6 of which were competing for the gold medal and 58 for the silver medal. The 64 competitors weve distributed between. the counties as follows : : 215 3 in Huntingdon, the laureate of the gold medal and two silver medals ; 2 in Beauharnois, 2 bronze medals ; 11 in Chateauguay, 9 silver and 2 bronze medals ; 2 in St. John’s, 2 silver medals ; 8 in Iberville, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals ; 8 in Stanstead, 2 competitors for the gold medal, 1 silver and 4 bronze medals and 1 diploma; 1 in Compton, 1 silver medal ; 6 in Sheftord, 1 competitor for the gold medal, 1 silver and 4 bronze medals ; 3 in Rouville, 2 silver and 1 bronze medals; 1 in Chambly, 1 silver medal; 3 in Bagot, 8 silver medals ; 2 in St. Hyacinthe, 1silver and 1 bronze medal; 6 in Verchéres, 1 competitor for the gold medal, 3 silver and 2 bronze medals ; 6 in Yamaska, 1 silyer and 5 bronze medals. It should be noted that this competition seems to take no account of several rich and prosperous counties, where the progress of agriculture, calls for public mention, and at the same time gives insufficient prominence to the development and the agricultural success of certain other _ counties, where the competitors do not—to say the least—appear to represent all the agricultural possibilities of their region. As regards these counties, the object of the present competition has not been perfectly realized, namely, to direct attention as models to the best cultivated farms and to reward the true merit of courageoas, industrious and enlightened men, who have improved and beautified their farms and who, by intel- ligent and rational tillage of the soil, have extricated themselves from the old routine ruts and have made for themselves a happy and prosperous living, besides assuring the future of their families and their attachment to the soil. We would respectfully remark that the obligation in which the Agricultural Merit competitors are placed of going through the formality of like competitions by the Agricultural Societies tends to keep offa large number of important, if not the best, competitors. The kindness of the Honorable Minister of Agriculture in placing an artist at the disposal of the Commission has enabled us to illustrate the present report with a number of pictures, which will give it more inter- est and practical utility. However, as the season was advanced and already becoming bad, when the artist, accompanied by the secretary of the Commission, began his work, it was impossible for him to visit all 216 the competitors or to take good views on all the farms that he could visit ; so that if there be some of the competitors, who appear to be over- looked in the matter of the illustrations which concern them, they should not for that reason consider their merit lessened or ignored. These illus- trations are more to instruct and interest the public than to gratify the | vanity of competitors, to puff up their individual merit or to advertise them- In the same sense the competitors whom the pictures concern cannot regard themselves as superior to those whom we have not been able to favor in the same way. The large tabular statement of the competition attests and gives with the points in detail the real degree of merit. Among the 64 competitors reported, we have had the satisfaction of meeting four valiant settlers, the owners of fine farms, which they had hewn out of the virgin forest and completely improved. Among them is the venerable laureate of the gold medal. In order to bring these more particularly to the notice of their fellow citizens and to hold them up as examples to all young settlers, we have deemed it useful to reproduce the ‘portraits of some of them at the head of their special reports (1). We propose to proceed in this report by order of counties from south to north and generally by order of visit in the county and not by order of merit. The tables at the head of this report are by order of points or of ~ merit. COUNTY OF HUNTINGDON This county comprises two very distinct regions in point of soil and agricultural resources. The southerly zone, skirting the Ame2rican bound- ary line, is high, sandy and very rocky in places. This region is better adapted to the growth of grasses, potatoes, Indian corn and fruits and to the production of maple sugar and good quality timber for carriage making. The northern part, which comprises the valley of the Chatean” guay river, nearly the whole of the townships of Hinchinbrooke and the township of Godmanchester, is of clay formation and dotted with small (1). NorrE.— Messrs Dumoulin and Murphy did not transmit their photographs in time for insertion over their respective reports. -¢ ee | "ae ee Lae ee eee ree ree & er | ge | re aay eee Bi GY: 217 mestone hills covered with maples and other hard wood trees and sur- nded by fine level Jands, which give to the country a smiling and ieisifica aspect that delights the eye and bespeaks its richness. Bh: The abundance of the national tree, the orchards, the numerous and landsome herds of cattle, the many coquettish and comfortable buildings mbellished by fine trees, which give from a distance to some farms the ppearance of charming little villages, and the extensive development ar id prosperity of the dairy industry, proclaim that we are in an advanced C uutry, whose industrious inhabitants understand how to turn to profit- able account the natural wealth of this fine part of the county. The same aay be said of the portion of the county of Chateauguay, which extends ror the eastern boundary of the county of Huntingdon to Howick, in 1e valley of the Chateauguay river, where reside the competitors to whom reference will be made further on. _ The three competitors of the county of Huntingdon reside in the best : Eeion of that county, on the Chateauguay river. They are Messrs John uir and Archibald Muir, in Hinchinbrooke, a few miles to the north st of Huntingdon and McNaughton Brothers, of DeWitville. All three ’e descendants of distinguished farmers and worthy representatives of ‘a good farming of the county. 4 The town of Huntingdon, inhabited by an industrious population almost exclusively English-speaking, is a flourishing little town agreeably puilt on the Chateauguay river, Tiel presents at that point several good water powers. It is the chief market for the products of our three competitors. Mr, JOHN MUIR (95.85 pts.) Laureate of the gold medal, V.G. E M. It is a pleasure to us, to begin this report with a few words about he history and success of a good old settler of the first half of the last cen entury, who had to: cut down the forest in order to erect the solid and somfortable house in which he dwells at present and who, during the whole course of his long life, has worked with vigor, courage, intelli- 218 gence and success to create for himself a beautiful little property and to ! assure the welfare of his family, as well as rest for his declining years. It is for his labors and his success as a whole that in this competition we have not hesitated to award to him the palm of victory over the other competitors, with the title of Very Great Exceptional Merit, which wins for him the honor and pleasure of wearing the gold medal as the reward of his genuine merit and agricultural talents. Mr. John Muir, whose portrait ornaments the frontispiece of this report, is 2 big, stalwart veteran of 86 years, with an erect and strongly built frame, who still takes part in the farm work. He is one of those hardy sons of old Scotia, from which at the age of 12 years he emigrated with his father in 1827, to grow up and prosper on the banks, still wild at that period, but full of promise, of the winding Chateauguay, on the spot where the author of his days breathed his last and where his own long and laborious career as a pioneer settler has been spent. He married in 1844 and his father gave him the lot adjoining his own, which he has cleared and built upon, improved in every way and transformed into an excellent, handsome, clean, coquettish and productive farm. When he took possession of his lot (Nos. 9-10 of the 4th range of Hinchinbrooke) there were only a few acres cleared near the present road. He made a careful inspection of it by traversing it in all directions, selected as the site for his house a small hillock composed of fine limestone, fixed the site also of his farm buildings, and staked out the position of the avenue and the division fences between each field, the whole according to a well conceived plan of rotation, which he had matured in hisown mind. He then applied the axe to the bush, commencing at the spot occupied by the house, which he at once built in 1851, with stone extracted on the ground and lime made from the same stone burnt with the wood cut from the same place: a fine example of the economic utilization of building materials which are too often in the settler’s way. From the start, Mr. Muir proved himself to be a model settler and farmer, doing nothing without a preconceived and well digested plan and thus losing no valuable time in wrong directions. Later on he added to his dwelling house the fim2 dependencies now connected with it (see fig 3.and 5) and then began the first field, which he divided off from the rest by a good permanent fence, and so on in the DPT QO Or RET peso ret gee - Rar (eRe ae « > aren ae = 219 case of his other works of cultivation and improvement : buildings, ditches, trenches, drainage, roads, stoning, &c. Each work finished according to his plan had never to be begun over again. Astone once removed from a field was put in a suitable place and had never to be handled again, _ When later on Mr. Muir set about planting orchards around his dwelling. he gave to his farm the name of ‘‘ Apple Hill Farm.” When he was clearing his land, Mr. Muir had to contend not only with the giant trees of the forest, but also with the wild beasts, especially wolves which were then numerous and which devoured in one day twelve of his sheep. The fierce brutes were so hungry that one of them, more voracious than the others, was actually killed on the body of its victim by blows from a stick Mr. Muir’s farm has a total superficies of only 90 acres (v. figure 2) 70 of which are in ploughed fields, 2 in roads and permanent pasture, 15 in standing timber (sugary), 1 in buildings and yards and 2 in orchards, Mr. Muir did not take long years to improve these 75 acres of land, which are to day ina perfect state of tillage and improvement, well stoned, well drained and well cultivated, but it is also said that he was no child at the work of land clearing. Some of his fellow countrymen and neigh- bors, slightly jealous or malicious, perhaps, say that ‘“‘ he worked like a team of oxen”. Certainly, he must have worked hard and well and the work does not seem to have shortened his days, which are flowing on joyously in peace and ease amid the respect of his children, while still holding command over his property like a king over his kingdom, and while nearly all of his compeers of the same generation have passed into the grave. Mr Muir has been admirably seconded in his labors by his devoted son, Mr Archibald Muir, Sr, who is also the overseer cf the farm and the present executor of the principal works of cultivation and improvement. 220 SOME DETAILS OF THE FARM The soil of the farm, is clay and sandy clay of good quality. .The few small hills on it are alluvial accamulations of limestones, so that the land - at the foot of these hills is necessarily of good composition and great fertility. But there was also a good dealjof stones on the surface of the ,other parts — of the farm. Mr Muir claims to have removed about 6000 loads of stones, which he utilized in the erection of his house as already stated, for the foundations and basements of his other buildings, for culverts, drains, ° a of his avenue, footpaths in his yards, filling i holes — ee: All the drainage works have Eien well executed ; 15 acres, of tile fee stone drains carry off the water from the foot of the hills and other spots . where there are springs. The Chateauguay river directly receives the water of the lower or north part of the farm and a discharge, 5 feet in width, (V. fig. 2) receives the waters of the southern part above the building. The hillocks and undulations of the soil and the earth thrown out of the ditches have been levelled off and the earth conveyed to the low grounds so as to give a level surface to the fields and to allow of the making of straight, regular furrows at right angles to the draining or line ditches. The tillage work is also well done. The depth of the plough- ing varies from 5 to 8 inches according to the crops: the third ploughing of ike rotation is made as deeply as possible wherever the subsoil is of good quality. , Selection of Seeds —Like all good farmers who do everything with pro- per calculation, Mr. Muir selects his seeds in the fields themselves at har- vest time by leaving the better parts to ripen more perfectly, putting them and threshing them apart in the barn and, after winnowing and cleaning them, preserving them Deeperly. in the loft until wanted for another season. Manure.—Mr. Muir employs enough of litter to ail the liquid manure of his stables and piles the manure ina heap in his yard to be afterwards carted to the field where it is to be used, He keeps it there in a large heap well trampled down till the end ef the summer when it is spread out and buried by a light ploughing. The part, which is not set apart for a hoed crop, is ploughed again thoroughly at the end of autumn to be ready for sowing inthe early spring. Mr. Muir occasionally manures ~~ some of the pastures, in summer, when his stable manure is sufficiently ‘rotted and free from bad seeds. _ For hoed crops, he manures the land and ploughs it in the fall, care- fully working the soil, when dry, to lessen the growth of weeds and to mellow the ground more perfectly. He constantly keeps the soil clean and mellow by frequently using the cultivator and the horse hoe until _ the quickened growth of the plants is such that those implements cannot _be run between the rows without damaging the crop. 7 ‘Orchards and Garden.—Mr. Muir applies about a cart load of stable ‘Manure every year to each of four big apple trees and burns all the branches derived from the pruning of the trees. 4 “Rotation—The following is the rotation which Mr. Muir claims to follow and which, as a matter of fact, appears to be really followed: Ist year: On fallow ploughed in the fall, oats or a mixture of oats. barley and peas in the proportion of 5 of oats, 2 of barley and 3 of peas, _ This mixture, says Mr. Muir, assures a better crop and better food for the cattle. 2nd year: Hoed crops manured the previous year on part of the field, manure buried by a light ploughing, and oats and barley on the other _ part manured as in the other case, but receiving a second deep ploughing at the end of autumn. 8rd year: Cereals, wheat after hoed crops, with a seeding of timothy and clover. 4th and 5th years : Meadow. 6th year : Pasture. Sometimes, a cutting of the green hay is taken _ off before letting the animals in. ~ ). %th and 8th years : Pasture. All the fodders are consumed on the farm. This system seemed good tous. The division of the land comprises eight fields (v. fig. 2) but the field a (below the hill) together with a 12 acre piece of leased land may 222 be regarded as out of the rotation and utilizable especially as pastures: Then field eis divided at need into two by a temporary and portable fence like the one between the fields fand g and thus the main body of the farm comprises eight divisions or soles differing little in dimensions and being in keeping with the rotation aforesaid. The fences, which are in good order and well kept, are, however, not all first class and most of the gates are on hinges, painted, and opening oD — rollers. In general, the crops were elean, although the Commission noted some weeds along the fences or ditches. Buildings. —The dwelling house, already mentioned, although inferior to others in some respects, is considered first class for a farmer. It is supplied with modern improvements and a summer kitchen with wood- shed attached, besides being well furnished and well kept. There is a stone cistern in the cellars, which are entered both from outside and from the kitchen. In the latter, there is a Fairbanks scale, two handy flour- bins, three cheese presses, utensils of great utility to a competitor (For dimensions and location, see fig. 3 and reference). All the buildings are well covered with good shingles and kept in perfect order, as are also the implements, There is a place for every thing and every thing in its place (see the illustrations and references. Book- Keeping.—Mr Muir keeps a record of his work. All his farming operations are entered, using for the purpose a blank of the Robert Sellar Almanac. The details of the cash receipts and expenses are entered in a blotter, and are carried monthly to the ledger. He also keeps a record of the services and births, &c., a book of current accounts, the accounts of his employees, &c. The following is a statement of his accounts of last year: 423 RECEIPTS Proceeds of sales, dates omitted : NE Fins dinescocses seas ovs'as Ausovcapnive: ducesectis seban $ 29 50 IE)” 150). 15) seccvc aasevesocdde -cdece coves urececuocdee encunticdeede 145 00 CLC 1", °s. See avesceusndseke Ses Guus udews uous tycaidesseeeaiens 81 00 SEES DTCOCCING PUTPOKES...... _—sancvodcosce voce secasver covccese, 26 00 GS 10s ic 05 suse, sesh once) veosae snvgsesadacasisess soacsdipensadsessinn 78 00 irs end ais so'ségtess paceebann esnuaniac'us tsaSesupagcuep! aghaalaniele 13 00 ea 150 dec enonv cn aebanaess neavne, inkbederehpaseeteases Bee 15 00 EITC IE VTULD 0. sccsus: 3 Bee ° : ry = ca sae fe : o : : as vy ' ° : a 8, DO OCLOROLOPOCOO ROLE TE POPT ELE AA DOL ACEP BAGS Pf SLPEAREEATE, ' u 5 he o €- + ~~ == (00% ~~~. ~~ ee <°8 . > : ‘ ¥ €------ 76 ~*~ == PG -308- > ‘ . » '* J ee a, Se ee 190 200 oopds, Fig. 8 (For explanations see page 227) (h) Flag-stone culverts along the sides of the avenue; (i) Small building containing a suction pump and used to put the milk cans und shelter, and with a trough alongside to water the animals ; PLATE I oy a “Su OO | uv [pte | arysaty ‘salqeys pur suivg ms) ‘Ol y] Joun Murr’s FarmM.— Apple HILL Farm ” ra ] 229 7 (j) Barn, loft, and shed ; (k) Horse stable, cow stable, threshing floors, and sheepfold ; (1) Barn with two threshing floors and a stable for the calves in the middle ; (m) Small sheep yard. a Fig. 4 (Plate 1). Miss Maggie Muir, working the antique spinning wheel, which was not disdained even by Scotland’s queens in the days of old, and spinning the wool from the fine Leicester sheep on her father’s farm to convert it into carpets, quilts, stuffs and good mittens which carry % D TN a Y \ <----30'--AT ) | TTT r ie ta: ’E Hell | | >| a ME ae : i] = nal = a: B &-"-Aghs ey ECHELLE DE 50 POS AU PCE Fig. 7. (For explanations see page 230) off the first prizes at the exhibitions and proclaim her skill. She holds 8 first prizes for car- ‘pets and as many more for mittens. —- Queesivit lanam et linum et operata est concilio manuum suarum. i] “ She seeketh wool and flax and worketh willingly with her hands,”’ (Prov. XX XI—13). Fig. 5 (Plate 1). View of the orchards, ornamental trees around the dwelling-house and dependencies, barns and stables and a group of Ayrshire calves taken from a height on the east side. bk i: 230 Fig. 6 (Plate 1). View of the farm-buildings, and the yard, taken from the south eastern face, showing: | on the right, to the north, a corner of the orchard and flower garden. Fig. 7. Ground plan of the farm buildings : A Lateral barn to the west. (aa) Fodders ; (bb) Threshing floors ; 3 (c) Calves’ stable ; B (k fig. 3) Stock stables ; (a) Sheep-fold ; (6) Threshing floor ; (c) Cow stable ; (d) Horse stable ; C Lateral barn to the east (j. fig. 3) ; (a) Fodder ; (6) Mow; (c) Shed and loft ; D Pump building used to cold and shelter the milk ; E Yard surrounded and supplied with footpaths paved with flag stones indicated by shading. ‘ Mr. ARCHIBALD MUIR, Jr. (87.93 pts, silver medal). Mr. Archibald Muir, Jr., is the nephew and neighbor of Mr. John ~ Muir to the west, which is tantamount to saying that he comes from good ~ stock. He is educated and knows how to farm well and further to com- — pete in other fields as well as in those which he turns up with ne plough. 9 & On’. He farms 200 acres of land, of which 152 are of good§arable} soil, 20 | in natural pasture, 26 in bush and 1 in orchard, etc. 231 The details of his farming presents nothing superior to that of other competitors to warrant special noting. Mr. Muir follows a mixed system _ of fodder and stock raising. He keeps good herds of Durham-Ayrshire _ cows, Leicester sheep and Yorkshire pigs. Number of animals.—Five working horses and several colts of good quality. Nineteen milk cows, six heifers, six young oxen, six calves, one bull seven or eight Leicester ewes and ewe lambs, twelve Yorkshire pigs. Mr. Muir’s stock of cows is not thoroughbred ; he attaches more im- - portance to the value of the family and the lineage than to the purity of _the breed. He raises only heifers dropped by good cows, whose mothers © _ themselves were good and begotten by bulls from good milkers and having Durham blood especially, in order that his cows may have greater size _ and yield larger prices when he is obliged to get rid of them by selling them either to the milkmen or to the butchers. Several other competitors, in Chateauguay and elsewere are of the same mind as he is. The Com- mission cannot deny the principle enunciated by Mr. Muir, but is it not still more certain in the case of the pure breeds than the grades ? The competitor’s sales for last year according to the figures mentioned in his application, amounted to the sum of 31,448.51. His milk delivered at the factory brought him in $553.51 and the product of his other sales was $895.00, making in all $1,448.51. The rotation would appear to be the following : Ist year: Oats or peas or hoed crops at need on a part of the division. 2nd year: Wheat, barley or oats. 3rd and 4th years: Meadows. 5th, 6th a 7th years: Pastures. The stable manure is applied as a dressing to the first year’s pasture and to the hoed crops. The sugary contains 600 trees and is supplied with an improved evaporator. Mr Muir has made a few hundred yards of drainage and maintains that the draining of the soil is ‘ the fundamental principle of good farming.” He therefore does not drain his land without a rational object, The amiable members of his household always excepted, the greatest object of interest for the visitor to Mr Muir’s is his splendid barn in the modern style, to the construetion of which in all its details he himself attended both as architect and practical workman. The subjoined figures and references show the details with sufficient clearness to obviate the necessity of any written description. Itmay, however, be said that it isa model barn and Mr Muir deserves to be congratulated on his magnificent building. He proposes to erect new horse stables and other buildings within the next few years. Mr. Archibald Muir’s dwelling house very much resembles his uncle’s; they are two sister buildings, just as the two builders were brothers. Mr. Muir appreciates his position as a farmer and the value of his land and district. He recognizes his great debt to his grand-father in coming to settle in this part of the Canadian forest for the welfare and happiness of his descendants. Mr. Muir had no difficulty in winning the number of points, which constitute such a striking proof of his merit. FIGURES AND REFERENCES —— Fig. 8. (Plate 2) Front of the barn and stable of Mr Archibald Muir, showing jthe entrances, the gang- way in stone and earth, with the large doors, as well as those of the cow-stables in the middle and the doors at. each end of the stables below. Fig. 9 (Plate 2) View of the interior of the cow-stables, showing the double stalls, the feeding wickets a ee ee PLATE 2 Fig. 8. A. Muir’s farm.,—Barn and stable. Fig. 9. A. Muir's farm. -Interior of stable. oye 233 f: > , ‘opening from the threshing floor and an open trap to let the manure drop into the cellar eneath. (V.b fig. 12). ‘ -ae% 82° is Fig. 10. Ground plan of the above mentioned barn and stable, showing also the dimensiens. (aa) Grains and fodders ; (6b) Threshing floor ; (c) Stable ; (d) Gangway ; (e) Outside stairway ; Fig. 11. Section of a stall in the above stable, showing. (a) The feeding wicket opening above the manger and into the threshing floors and kept open in a sloping position by a small chain when distributing the fodder or at any other time during the summer for airing purposes ; (b) The iron hasp ; i (cand d) The drain from the manure trap. Fig. 12. _ Basement of the above combined barn and stable, separated into three divisions by good stone walls. 234 (aa) Stables for loose fattening or other animals ; (6) Manure cellar ; (pp) Gates ; (tt) Fodder traps ; . (rr) Rack beneath the traps. Fig. 13. Plan of closing the large barn door. (a) Left side of the door closed, provided with a fixed cross bar bolted (6) the — SSEISSSS|NSSSGSSNAIIISEMEEEENNTAHSASESSSEMSSEESERIAINCNnRI EERE] ASAATA_A-_A-, SASS SS SSN SOOO LLL ZZ VME Fig. 11. (For explanations see page 233) end of which (c) when the door is closed, springs up on the bevel of the latch (d) fixed to the barn post ; {e) Right side ajar ; (f) Handle and moveable iron hook clasping the bar and keeping the door shut , (g) Detail of the annular handle hook of the door (e) ; (hk) End of the bar (6) of the door (a) ; (i) Block of wood beveled with a notch to receive the bar of the door and to hold it in position ; (j) Barn post. , 235 Messrs McNAUGHTON BROTHERS (86 42 pts., silver medal.) The few figures which we publish in regard to the farm of Messrs | McNaughton will warrant us in abridging the descriptions that might farther emphasize the merit of the competitors, but would not particularly enlighten the public. The chief merit of the Messrs McNaughton consists in having improved a farm, which in its natural state held out few advantages for 1 illage. It is a farm or rather two contiguous farms dotted with stony hills and wet low grounds, besides being in addition covered in great part with stones. é--------——--- --——- ---;-- §2°--- -- -- - =~ on -- 5 ft Fig. 12. (For explanations see page 233) Still the composition of the soil is good—yellow and calcareous on the hills and good very fertile grey soil in the well drained low grounds. Four hundred yards of drainage have been made and several hundred yards of stone fencing, which called for much work and perseverance. The hills are still largely covered with hard wood bush, especially maple, ‘to the number of at least 5000 of good size and quality. But the Messrs McNaughton only tap a few hundred, using an improved evaporator and metal spouts. , A good road traverses the farm throughout its entire length and several brooks, fed by springs, flow through the pastures and keep the _ stock constantly supplied with pure fresh water. 236 Now that this farm has been drained and improved, it yields an abundance of produce of all kinds, grains, fodders, vegetables and fruits. Its total area is 266 acres, of which 100 are ploughed, 35 in natural pastures, 89 in bush and 2 in orchard. In all other respects, it is a fine farm pleasantly situated on the Cha- teauguay river at a point where there is a charming little island hemmed in by rapids. The orchards contain several hundred fine apple-trees of different varieties. There is also a magnificent plantation of maples to the number Fig. 18. (See page 234) of several hundreds along the roadside and in front of the house (V. fig. 15. pl. 3 and fig. 16). The crops are varied and well tilled. er ee en ee ae ee eee ee See See a. te he rhe Se BL ee ae he ee oO PLATE 3 Poe a ant Paar t. niet ine, 237 Stock.—Five working horses, five young horses and two yearling colts ; ; twenty two eae Ayrshire and Durham cows, seventeen heifers, ‘one two year old Durham bull, eleven calves and three oxen, all of pretty good quality ; twenty six Shropshire sheep and nine pigs. The produce of these herds was last year, according to Messrs _ McNaughton’s figures, 55,250 tbs of milk and $399,00 in money from the sale of animals. Building.—The dwelling house is an immense twostory stone building of 40 x 60 Foot. with kitchen, store-room and cellar, in the biaceee! erected fifty to sixty years ago by Captain DeWit. It looks more like an old seigniorial manor-house than a farmer’s residence. Miss and the Messrs McNaughton, all unmarried, who live in it, could find room for three families. This vast, well laid out and well furnished house provides its oceu- pants with all the comfort desirable, but the problem of economical _ lodging is not perfectly solved. It is pleasantly situated on the bank of the river, where the latter is broken by the rapid already mentioned, _which formerly furnished the water power for a saw-mill now pulled down. The garden, well stocked with a great variety of fine vegetabies, is to the south of the house quite near the river. ‘For the other buildings and their relative positions see fig. 16 and references. These buildings are good, well kept and comfortable, but are not superior in all respects. For the whole of the farm entered in the competition, including the ‘fine work executed through the industry of Miss McNaughton, we have - awarded 86.42 points which entitle the competitors to the silver medal as _ areward of their unquestionable merit. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 14, (Plate 2). View of the buildings from the eastern part of Messrs. McNaughton’s farm, showing @ portion of the orchard to the right on an elevation and a grove of trees on another hil _ to the left, the farm avenue and the stone fence on the hill. Fig. 15, (Plate 3). View of the public road in front of the McNaughton property, bordered by fine _ maples and orchards. — 238 Fig. 16. Front of the McNaughton farm. Relative position of the buildings, avenues, orchards, &c. oe 239 (A) Chateauguay river ; (B) Small elevated island mostly covered by lorem and fruit trees; a very Picturesque spot ; (CC) Rapids ; (D) Water power, site of an old saw mill now demolished; (EE) Road and bridge leading to the south bank ; q (FF) Orchards ; 7 (G) Public road bordered with trees. (V. p. 15, pl. 3); a - (H) Dwelling house and dependencies ; (II) Farm roads ; (JJ) Farm buildings ; (K) Farm house, rented in summer ; COUNTY OF BEAUHARNOIS. —— The fine rich county of Beauharnois was only represented by two . _ competitors, both of St. Stanislas de Kostka, Messrs Francois Laframboise, of the 5th range at } of a mile from the station of the St. Lawrence and _ Adirondack Railway and Jos. Chayer, of the same range, at 2} miles _ from the same station. The principal local market for the two competitors _ is the very prosperous little town of Valleyfield only a few miles to the ~ northward. "__- Mr FRANCOIS LAFRAMBOISE 78.50 pts., bronze medal.) Mr. Laframboise’s farm comprises 90 acres, 76 of which are under ploughed tillage, and 12 acres in maple sugary ; it is composed of 2 half : . lots skirting the road leading to the 5th range, The soil, which is of a clayey texture, is of good quality. Although the drainage works seem unobjectionable, certain spots suffer from an excess of humidity produced _ by natural causes beyond the proprietor’s control. The great spring _ freshets carry with them a quantity of foul weed seeds which take trium- _ phant possession of this fertile soil. Ameng others, the wild mustard seems _ to have made its home there. In spite of the incessant war which Mr: ~ Laframboise wages against it, it shows itself terribly stubborn. - ‘ ‘ * re 240 The tillage appeared to be in general well performed and the rotation followed good. 1st year: Grain and manured hoed crops. ; 2nd year : Cereals, barley, etc, with fodder seeds. * peo 8rd and 5th year: Meadow. 5th and 6th year: Pasture, spring manurings given the hoed crops, roots, etc. Nevertheless, the carrying out of the system as a whole seemed to us as if it couldjbe more perfect. The symmetry and regularity of the diyi- sions, in keeping with a perfect rotation, were not up to the mark. The position of the garden, lawn and buildings is good. The site off the dwelling house is exceedingly well chosen and very pleasant on the southern slope of a pretty hill clothed with maples, in the centre of the _ farm. Between the house and the maple bush, there is a small vineyard — from which Mr Laframboise markets $15 to $20 worth of Concord grapes. The rocky eminence thus utilized supplies shade to the herds, which come to rest under it and constitute an ornament as well as a source of useful products. The house, surrounded with a lawn embellished with trees and flowers, is well built of brick and properly and comfortably laid out, as may be judged from the subjoined illustration (Fig. 17, pl. 8). The farm buildings, although good, present no specially remarkable feature, apart from two second class silos in the barn. The stock are pretty good. They include a bull and a couple of — Ayrshire cows, six head of Shropshire sheep, and 1 sow of the Tamworth ~ breed with her litter of young. The implements, although inferior to others, are good and sufficient. They include a certain number of tools for working wood and iron. Mr. Laframboise has no manure shed. He uses up all. his manure in — the spring and does not waste any of it apparently except the liquid part, which soaks through the floors of his stables, these not being water-tight. 241 Real Improvements.—Apart from the drainage works, we may note 6 to 4 acres of stone fencing, 4 stone culverts of lasting character, the entrances ot the doors of the buildings formed of large flat stones, the pig pens : aised on stones covered with earth and, besides good wells, an abundant spring of pure water for the use of the animals on pasture. é The remarkable feature of this competitor is the agreeable, economical, handy and comfortable arrangement of his dwelling, his skill in wood and iron working, which enables him to do the repairs of his imple- ments, himself and his administrative economy, which has largely contributed to his success > : e Fig. 17. View of Mr. Francois Laframboise’s dwelling-house, taken from the east, and showi ing ppneyard, maple bush, plantations, lawn, garden, the garden to the south east &c., all of which sufficiently indicate the advantages of the site. Mr. JOS. CHAYER (83 35 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Chayer owns 150 acres of land, of which 110 are under cultiva- tion, 30 in permanent pasture, 9 in bush and 1in orchard. Soil : excellent clay land covered in places by a coat of vegetable earth ; the low grounds frequently flooded in the spring and consequently hard to drain. Mr. abl is therefore obliged to exert all his skill in making good drainage work : ditches, trenches, ploughings, cleaning out the furrows, ete., which, I notwithstanding the drawback noted, secures for him abundant crops of gre in, hay, Indian corn and vegetables. The work of cultivation is every- where well performed and the land well cleaned up. ¥ We have no views of Mr Chayer’s farm because photography could 20 Lot illustrate his chief merit, which consists in the perfection with which e does all his tillage work, his industry, his spirit of advancement and his energy and perseverance. For if Mr. Chayer owns today a lot and a me 16 j ES. oa Sy 242 half of good land, itis due to his economy and his intelligent and perse- vering work, his start having been that of a poor farmer. The rotation followed by Mr. Chayer is about thesame as Mr. Lafram- boise’s. He raises several acres of hoed crops. Mr. Chayer’s dwelling house is, like his farm buildings, unfavorably located in a low spot subject to flooding in the spring. Yet, in the centre of his southern lot, there is a charming limestone hillock covered with — maples and a pretty orchard, in the centre of which there are stillan habitable house and other old farm buildings, which are being repaired. This is the site par excellence for the house and other farm buildings. It is just such sites that several other competitors, Messrs. Younie, Muir, Roy &c., among others, have utilized and turned to account. But it may be that Mr. Chayer will continue to gratify for along time yet the inveterate taste of the French Canadians for the road-side. Nature may have its charms and the spot other economic advantages, but nothing can dissipate " the wearisomeness begotten of remoteness from the public road. —EE COUNTY UF CHATEAUGUAY The County of Chateauguay, one of the richest, if not actually the richest of the agricultural counties of the province, was the most largely and the most thoroughly represented in the competition. We visited eleven competitors: Messrs John McDougall, of Ormstown, at 2} miles, from the G.T. BR station ; Will. McDougall, ibid, at 2} miles from the same station ; Robert Roy. ibid, at 3 miles from the station ef Ormstown ; Alex. Younie, 3rd range of South Georgetown, at 1 mile from the station of Brysons ; J. W. Logan, South Georgetown, 2 miles from the station of Brysons, B. P., Allan’s Corner; Alex. Cunningham, ibid, at 2} miles from the same station, B. P., Brysonville; John Templeton, Howick, 2 miles from the station ; Robert McFarlane, Riverfield, 23 miles from the station of Howick ; Onésime Demers, Ste. Martine, 2 miles from the station; Taéodore O. Bourdon, Ste. Philoméne, 8 miles from the St. Lawrence & Adirondack station.. All these competitors reflect honor upon the beautiful district which they represent. 243 Mr. JOHN McDOUGALL, (87.15 pts., silver medal.) Mr. John McDougall’s farm, situated on the north bank of the Cha- teauguay river, at a short distance from the De Salaberry monument, com- prises 122 acres, all under tillage. The soil is an alluvial clay of fine tex- ture, deep, a littie cold and retentive, but apparently very rich in plant food. It is good hard-wood land. It requires to be abundantly supplied with humus, deeply and thoroughly ploughed, aerated and warmed, without which the thistle, the crowfoot daisy and the wild camomile are apt to take root in it. As he was unable this spring to do his sowing in the most favorable time, Mr. McDougall’s crops have somewhat suffered in point of quality and quantity, which has been the cause of his falling several points below his brother, Mr. Will McDougall. The system of cropping pursued is good and the division of the land a model one. Rotation.—1. Oats; 2. Barley ; 8. Meadow; 4. Meadow; 5. Pasture; 6. Pasture, with a top dressing of manure in the spring of the first year of pasturing. __ Mz. McDougall considers this system the best for his soil. The piece of vegetables raised is done on fallew alongside of oats. The mode of manuring practised by Mr. McDougall is also followed by most of the Jhateauguay county competitors. It seems to enormously favor the growth of the grass, the enrichment of the pastures and the soil with humus and consequently the yield of the grain, the result being that the lover is very abundant in the pastures and the crops of cereals promise 0 be better than everywhere else in the other counties. The fields are egularly divided and well levelled and the earth thrown out from the litches is all removed The road extending from the public highway to within seven acres f the extremity of the land is very straight, level, rounded off and bor- ered on each side with a ditch to receive the water from the furrows and enches crossing the fields. All these regular and well made water ourses seemed to us to not be deep enough for the draining of the sub- ) The plots are wide, about 14 feet, and straight, with well cleaned ut furrows. The depth of the ploughing is about 7 inches. Everywhere on the farm, in the yard, buildings and dwelling house re had occasion to admire the most perfect order. re Ae eG ) PORE ABs 244 The herd of 14 cows is Ayrshire and grade Ayrshire and of good quality. The quantity of milk taken to the creamery last year was 66,000 ibs and — yielded 86 cts per 100 tbs. On the 26th, 27th and 28th June last, Mr © McDougall took to the factory an average of 8473 tts of milk per day, © exclusive of.24 ibs kept for home use, which brought up the daily yield © of milk to 8712 tbs. This figure represents the milk, weighed together, ~ of the two McDougall brothers, which gives an average of 31 to 82 tts per cow. The pigs are grade Yorkshires and Berkshires. The subjoined illustrations show clearly the good division of the farm and the excellent relative arrangement of the house, the orchard, the plantations and the different buildings, to obviate the necessity of further comment. Book-keeping.—Mr. McDougall keeps a good journal of his cash receipts — and payments, which enables him to intelligently follow his financial operations. Last year : Receipts f= Bf alorshe Seer GSS $1,197 00 R Os PaQimenes tu c..asonedass 447 00 Balance in hand...... $ '750 00 placed in bank. Mr. McDougall began operations 18 years ago, after buying the farm in partnership with his brother, for $6,600 on credit, his share being worth | about $3,000; he has now $2,000 out on loan. If the farm is good, the farmer seems to be equally good. Crops of 1901.—Barley, 64 acres; Oats, 17 acres; mixture of barley ‘ and oats, 4 acres; fodder roots, 1/8 acre ; potatoes 7/8 acre; meadows, 354. acres; pastures, 49 acres; orchard, ? acre. Mr, McDougall devotes him- self more to grass and hay. raising than to the cultivation of roots and. i Indian corn. 245 FIGURES AND REFERENCES Fig. 18 General plan of the farm. (a) Rich clover pasture: 7 acres; (b) Meadow, 5 acres; (61) Public highway ; (c) Oats, 9 acres ; (d) Barley, 24 acres; {e) Houses and dependencies, farm buildings, yard and orchard, about 2 acres ; (f) Meadow, 4 acres; (g) Pasture, 8 acres ; (h) do 8 acres: (2) do 11 acres; {j) Meadow, 10 acres ; ‘(k) Barley and mixture 4 and 4—8 acres ; (1) Oats, 8 acres ; (1) Vegetables, 1 acre ; (n) Pasture, 15 acres; (o) Meadow, 16 acres ; (m) Hay barn ; (p) Artesian well and pump ; (q) G. T. Railway ; N. B. The area {of the “fields is given in round3figures without mathematical exactness, the Commission having made no precise measurements. ¥ meyes arven m a Lal 3 Fig. 18. 246 O21 cer cnce comme worse ons co ence ss -snce= ef cw cccsum auccuep awalnenlne s PE RGgSE42 estsa se cawew <8Ots oe LUGS Geen e wore wee eer wrens: oot aS im ocee -- i. . - * —— - ~ = i 7 or > - oe Ca of> Pr eee eee eee “a 0t-°"7 4s re i yet ager © Pes 3 Sar ee Oe = ° €--591--> (AEE emo LV HT 19, Fig 247 ’ Plan of the installation and relative position of the buildings, garden, lawn, orchard, avenue, etc. (a) Public highway ; (6) Avenue or farm road, 24 feet wide, bordered with fine trees to the south _ west to beyond the farm buildings ; (ce) Orchard, lawn and garden ; (cl) Yard and green sward ; (d@) Dwelling house, main block ; (e) Kitchen; i ) Wash house and wood shed ; (g) Bee-hives ; (A) Carpenter shop ; (4) Shelter for lumber ; Win pkiggery ; (kt) Privies ; (1) Pump ; (mm) Foot paths ; (n) Carriage shed ; (0) Implement shed ; (p) Stock shed, containing a water trough ; (q) Loose box for animals ; (rr) Threshing floors ; (s) | Shed for loose animals and manures, supplied with racks ; (tt) Compartments for grains or fodders ; (wu) Grain loft ; (v) Cow stabie ; (x) Horse stable. 248 Fig. 20, (Plate 4), View of the dwelling house and lawn (1). ‘ ooo MR. WILLIAM McDOUGALL, (88.17 points ; silver medal.) Mr. William McDougall lives a few hundred yards below Mr John McDougall, his brother, on the same bank of the Chateauguay river. His farm, of a superficial area of 185 arpents all under cultivation, greatly resembles that of his brother, the last mentioned competitor, as regards soil, division, system of cultivation. dimensions and arrangement of farm buildings, the number and quality of the stock, the manner in which everything is kept,the general order prevailing every where,comfort- able dwelling, etc. The house is of brick, however, is not so old, and is built in a prettier style. The orchard and ornamental trees, etc., are also younger. The same intelligent direction has presided over the establishment and improvement of both farms and the same mind and farming know- ledge are apparent in their working. The two McDougall brothers give an admirable example, not only of brotherly relations but also of perfect agricultural and social brotherhood. Married to two sisters, both superior women in every respect, each living on his own farm, they till the soil in common and after taking what is needed for the subsistence of their families, they share harmo- niously the proceeds of the sales. This is a fine lesson for covetous families who are always fighting in order to grasp sheds of the paternal inheritance. The Year's Crops.—Barley, 6 acres ; oats, 19 acres ; maslin of barley and oats, 4 acres ; roots 1720 acre; potatoes, } acre; hay, 35‘acres; pasture, 64 acres ; orchard, } acre. The yield was abundant and somewhat cleaner than on the last men- ee ee ee tioned farm. The land also seemed io us to be better drained. The © (1) N. B. The honse is provided with a good cellar, in which there is an excellent store-room for fruit where winter apples keep almogt from one year to another. In the first week of last July, Miss McDougall had the politeness to present to the Commission a plate of fine “Ben Davis” apples as fresh and sound in appearance as if they had been just picked from the tree. PLATE 4 Fig. 20. McDougall’s farm.—House. ; . McDougall do their work alone and seldom haye recourse to 2 labor, the result being that the work is done with method, order — — giving 460 tbs of milk, one 55 tbs, and ten 390 ths. On the : une i in the evening after 3 days of intense heat, one gave 24 tbs and FIGURES AND REFERENCES sin Me ” Figure 21. p ae of the lower part of the farm, {indicating the position of the buildings, avenue rd, ete. : : Reig) Hitietway ; ¥« (0) Pasture ; a (e). Avenue or road bordered by maple trees ; el: (d) Orchard and lawn ; _(e) Alley leading to main entrance of house ; ; : cal Fields of grain ; (yy House and dependencies ; c “i (Rh) Farm buildings ; a s | a) Slope of hill. | 2 22. (Plate 4) Fig. 28. (Plate 4) ,} . liew of the farm buildings, taken from the east. 250 A Mr. ALEXANDER YOUNIE (89.13 pts, silver medal.) Mr. Younie’s farm is in the Tullochgorum range, one of the most fertile 4 wey I= i : : al na” Sagi e 2 : NU ye ln aM 2 1 AY ‘ : | Fae : Wit, se" Fone : fa didios® | : R\) supa ecececce ~* Fig. 21. in the county of Chateauguay. This range was opened about 1848 by Scotch settlers and when the first house was built by one McEwan, the vent was celebrated by dancing the Scotch reel called “ Tullochgorum, ” hence the name given to the range. || This farm has an area of 115 acres, two being wood-land and half an acre of orchard. The soil is argilo-calcareous, rather porous, deep and of the best quality. The farm is well laid out, well fenced, drained and sleared and very well cultivated. _ The system of cultivation followed is excellent, being similar to that of the McDougall brothers. The rotation is as follows: 1st year, Indian corn and oats ; 2nd year, maslin of oats, peas and barley with timothy and c over seeds; 3rd year, clover meadow ; 4th year, timothy meadow; 5th year, top-dressing of manure in the spring and pasture ; 6th year, pasture ; "th year, pasture; 8th year, Indian corn and oats. The two latter crops are grown on different fields than those of the Ist year. __ The depth of the ploughing is six inches for the first and seven inches for the second year of the rotation. _ The system of drainage consists of ditches and trenches regularly laid out and well kept. As with the Messrs McDougall the earth from the ditches is all spread out and the soil is well levelled. Choice and preparation of seed grain.— Mr. Younie allows the best plot f timothy to ripen thoroughly and cuts it with the reaper in order to get seed for his meadows. He thoroughly winnows and cleans his other eeds which he changes from time to time when needed, but he buys his ‘clover and Indian corn seed from the trade. Manures.—This competitor has a sufficiently large herd of cattle to consume almost all that is produced by his farm. The flooring of his table being cemented, he loses none of his manure. The dung is piled the yard to ferment in heaps during a short space of time and is then uauled on the fields during winter to be spread out early in the spring is stated above. aM: the. Cee ate The orchard and garden are manured every two years. Food of cows in winter.—Ensilage and ground grain followed by a ration of hay and straw, night and morning; nothing at noon. Water and salt are kept constantly before the cattle. Dwelling.—Mr. Younie’s house is built near the centre of his farm on a pretty hill, in the middle of a clump of’ maples, oaks and butter-nut trees and a young orchard. The site of the house and buildings may be considered a model one as regards selection, taste, pleasantness and § economy. The house, a well built one of brick, with bay-windows and exten- sion kitchen, with a verandah on each side, Jaundry or summer kitchen and wood-shed, is a first class dwelling ; it is well divided, well finished, and laid out and provided with modern improvements. The cellar is cemented and contains several compartments. A fine lawn with flower } beds surrounds this pleasant dwelling. Amongst the buildings around the house we may mention a smoke- house 7’ x 7’; a joiner’s shop 16’ x 24’; a wood-shed 16’ x 26’;. a corn dryer 4’ x 12’; a shed for vehicles and grain 20’ x 36’; a piggery and poultry house 15’ x 28’; a shed for implements 18’ x 29’. The farm buildings and gates are white-washed. The former are roofed with galvanized iron and painted sheet iron, some with sheet iron J} on battens and others with shingles. Although the disposition and shape § of these buildings are not ordinary, the economy and comfort they offer — are sufficient to enable them to add to the success of the farm. A force pump in the stable draws water from a well fed by springs § and distributes it by means of iron pipes provided with connections and Jf taps, in the stable troughs and even outside if necessary. The base of the silo is provided with shutters which remain open © when the silo is empty and close hermetically when it is filled. This is a very simple means of preserving the silo by preventing the floor-joists — from rotting. 253 | The figures given below show the merit of the competitor as regards his buildings. Implements and tools.—Mr. Younie’s farm is in this respect one of the best in the present competition. Not a machine or a tool needed for the “proper performance of the farm work is missing; there is even a road- shovel. Accounts.—Mr. Younie keeps a day-book of receipts and expenditure and a ledger in such a manner as to show that he works his farm on business principles. He has an office and a small library pretty well supplied with books such as all farmers should have. The cash account for the year 1900 shows receipts to the amount of $1,410.53 and expenses on account of the farm of $345.00. The revenue from the cows for milk taken tothe factory is $671.08, the proceeds of 87.793 tbs of milk, apart from $6604 in milk, butter and cheese con- sumed by the family. The result seems to us praiseworthy. In fact Mr. Younie passes, in the locality, for one of the farmers who makes the most money, consider- ing the area of his farm. Improvements to the soil.—These consist in removing stones to a slight extent, the proper disposition, making and keeping of ditches and trenches ; levelling the soil ; planting of forest trees and the alley or farm road, well made and well kept, communicating with all the fields. Stock.—4 work horses, 1 yearling colt, 14 Durham-Ayrshire cows and some grade Holsteins; 1 registered Durham bull, for which $125 was paid while a calf; 9 grade heifer ; 13 oxen for slaughter; 14 calves; 1 Duroc- Jersey sow and ten young pigs; in all 67 head, young and old, apart from the poultry. There are also a good number of Plymouth Rock fowl. Most of the young oxen destined for slaughter were bought in the pro- vince of Ontario to be fattened on the abuadant grass of the pastures. This speculation has been practised this year by many in the county. Mr. Younie,; as may be seen, is a producer of milk and meat ; he intro- 254 duces Durham blood into his herd with the view of increasing the value | of his cattle as butcher’s meat while retaining good milking qualities. We know that this theory is not admitted in principle but we have seen it practised by several competitors of great merit. Mr. Younie claims that, under the circumstances, in view of the price of beef and the difficulty of | procuring cheap labor for milking the cows, he makes more money in j) this way than he would otherwise. The judgment and calculation with || which he manages his business, added io the evidence of his neighbors, give considerable weight to his opinion which, as we have just said, is shared by several other good farmers. 4 Crops. Barley ....+-ss. paenenee iu acwente lich Ube Mae cneuus 1 acre CPi ie eC EES si cssoke vel Sometest rast scree 1k deat Reina! Fine and clean. Maslin of barley and oats...........-..ceeee: Ae Rapes wer tess 8° Good and clean. — Timothy seed for his own use. Mangold... 00.2.0 0s-0-csrcsvers asp cessess as Perr ited Wnts eda hie Bee’ Cohons LENO hoe te oidinge Good and clear. Potatoes 2). ........<8 f PURGE LIS t Seen ee + lien bee Od ts Epa ya . Very fine Indian corm for seed 2.0 2..... 2.0205 «Sess. Wee! s BOT TIGL ACE cos ane xp 0% comen eoeee Gir S: Mica OWVBs-frpexsiwiiens} bases 45 vebonwenieconvesettay BG ois Bhet icemay idx cate arr. No. 1 Pushers bar aiiel os ralitie) 4. ia 88 tot cue ws sere Good Orchard } acre.—25 apple trees still young and 12 cherry trees. The trees were sprayed. Bees.—3 hives. Mr. Younie’s crops of grain and hay were generally good. One meadow yielded 400 bundles of hay to the acre; the whole together deserved 29.51 points. M. Younie is still a young man; he can do better yet and long may he enjoy his success and the satisfaction of wearing the silver medal which he has gained as one of the leading successful competitors. PLATE Fig. 24. A. Younie’s farm.—Buildings and grove. isi Fig. 29. J. W. Logan’s farm.—Ayrshire herd. ~ ‘ Fig. 31. A, Cunningham's farm.—Barns and stables. ” * 255 FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig, 24 (Plate 5).—— 7. i _ View of farm buildings and grove, taken from thejsouth!; the house is hidden by the s and trees on the north. Fig. 25. a General plan of the farm, comprising seven fields of 15 acres, ach divided into two portions of 7} acres, with the exception f the one in front of the house which is 6} acres. e270 } a 5 - (a) Highway ; (b) Alley 25 feet wide. A, * : ¥e Fig. 26 t Division of farm buildings : (a) Penthouse stable for young stock; aan meee * 2S SnSaln®, VEL Ye SS2n8.9.28 - — (b) Barn; Ce > (ec) Threshing floors ; (dd) Stalls in heifers’ stable ; (ee) Box-stalls ; (f) Cow-stable ; (f1) Pump ; (g) Barn; _ (h) Feeding-room ; (i) Silo; A (j) Covered passage or shed ; (k) Horse stable ; (1) Barn; Fig. 25. (m)j Well fed by springs and pump under shelter ; Fig. 26. (See preceding page) (n) Yard, Fig. 27. View of a double stall in the cow-stable. (a) Division 2” thick between each cow on the front of the manger ; (b) Salt box. (c) Iron rod $” holding the upper part of the aforesaid division fastened to the horizontal piece (b) 2” x 5” running along the upper end of the front piece of the stalls. ; 257 Mr. J.-W. LOGAN (85.20 points, silver medal) | Mr. Logan’s farm, containing 100 acres, all under cultivation, is » situated on the south bank of the Chateauguay river, near Allan’s Corner. Fig, 27 The soil is good and apparently of the same physical composition as that of the Messrs McDougall. It is also well laid out, properly fenced, in view of a good 6 years rotation, as follows: 1st year, Indian corn and oats ; 2nd year, oats ; 8rd “year, timothy and clover ; 4th year, meadow ; 5th year, pasture ; 6th year, ‘pasture. The tillage work is well done ; ploughing 5” to 7” ; drains, ditches and trenches, good ; crop, fine. 17 258 ee te The annexed plan, showing the various crops of the year, gives a | sufficient idea of the value of the system followed. The alley is 24 feet wide with good ditches on either side. The buildings which are still good present nothing worthy of note. The manure is all well employed. Some stones on the surface of the © soil have been removed. The earth from the ditches has been levelled. , The most attractive feature of Mr. Logan’s farm is his fine herd of © registered Ayrshires. When the judges visited it, it consisted of a bull © 2 years old ; 11 milch cows; 4 other cows not giving milk; 11 heifers, 1 _ and 2 years old, and 8 calves. There were 9 swine. The total number of points allowed for all the details of the farm amounts to 85,3) which will give Mr. Logan the satisfaction of being decorated with the medal of Very Great Merit. | le ie AS oe ated See cinath nach Secmieeaisiaea irae alate Abidin nite aaa aia ad tae Lee ; - : ; Pp toa) pale, a — 7 = N ; sitet dail, id athalaitae View of some Ayrshire cows belonging to Mr. W. Logan. es and 4 diplomas at Sherbrooke and Ottawa. ‘259 FIGURES AND REFERENCES ar Taaae SEP Ed ee ie n Fig. 28. Fre EE Fe aN Plan showing the division of the farm : ‘1 aa (a) Potatoes, } acre ; ) (6b) Pasture, } acre; (c) Pasture, 2 acres ; > (d) Pasture, 3 acres; (e) Buildings, yard and orchard ; (f) Highway ; ({g) Meadow, 10 acres ; k ; {h) Meadow, 10 acres ; : (i) Pasture, 10 acres ; | {j) Oats, 6 acres ; dl js | {j1) Indian corn, 4 acres ; (k) Pasture, 10 acres ; i iy as, (1) Meadow; ({m) Meadow, 16 acres ; ; (n) Oats, 6 acres; : (n1) Maslin, barley and oats, 4 acres ; : {o) Alley, 24 feet wide; : (p) Ditches. Fig. 29 (Plate 5). ~ : -B.—In 1501 Mr. Logan’s herd carried off 14 first, 12 second 260 Mr. THOMAS ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, (85.02 points; silver medal). Mr. Cunningham’s farm is the next below Mr. Logan’s on the same bank of the Chateauguay. The composition and quality of the soil are similar to those of the farms in the same valley of which we have already spoken. The area of this farm is 130 acres, all under cultivation. The same system of cultivation, rotation, division and crops are about the same as Mr. Logan’s (See plan of farm). The house, an old-fashioned one, is still good and comfortable, well furnished and well kept. It has an extension kitchen 16’ x 34 with a ~ sink and water-tap and is surrounded by a fine lawn, an orchard with some thirty good apple trees and an ornamentaj plantation of 75 cedars and 25 maples; these also provide shade and shelter from the wind and give the dwelling an air of distinction in spite of its simple style of construction. Buildings.—During the summer Mr. Cunningham built a cow-stable, a. horse-stable and a double silo by joining and re-arranging two barns so — as to make a block of buildings which may be considered a pattern as regards division, laying out, dimensions, convenience and comfort (See _ fig. 32). This work and the great scarcity of manual labor have somewhat. hampered Mr Cunningham’s tillage and he was unable to give his farm: : all the attention for some matters of detail on which he lost points; other- wise he would have had a higher place in the scale and one more in keeping with his agricultural knowledge. The other buildings are: a shed 30’ x 48’ with a large door at each end for vehicles, implements &c., containing an ice house 12’ x 12’ above, — and a carpenter’s shop with all necessary tools; a wood-shed, a special shed for implements and machines 20’ x 45; a blacksmith’s shop 12’ x 16” : with anvil, vices, tools &c. Mr. Cunningham repairs his machines, and shoes his horses himself — He is very fond of horses. ort edt 6 etree ta Bikes ete All the buildings are built on stone foundations or pillars. Water is supplied to the houses and farm by a wind mill pump over a well fed by springs, which forces the water into a tank in the upper story of the buildings. This pump cost $92.00 with the well. The silo in the barn is divided into two compartments and is well built. The farming implements and tools are complete and well kept. The manure was not completely used, nor was it in a condition to Jose any of the fertilizing elements. Mr. Cunningham’s practice is to spread it on the meadows in the spring of the second year. He harrows and rolls after spreading and claims that the hay is better. We admit that it is more abundant and ‘more improving for the soil, but the question is whether it is more tasty when first cut; competitors who practise this system gave us No proofs and we could not get the opinion of the animals that consume the hay. We are pleased, however, to say that the entire area in hay and pasture won 100% in points in the allotment for production. Improvements to soil.—The competitor states that he removed about a hundred loads of stone. It must be said that the land in this region is not rocky. The soil is well levelled and well drained by means of good ditches and well kept furrows. Mr. Cunningham ploughs in clover from time to time. Stock.—This consists of four good draught horses and two colts ; twenty-one Ayrshire-Durham cows and heifers that have calved ; a yearling heifer and seven calves all of fine quality. Mr. Cunningham generally keeps 27 cows and 5 or 6 swine. He sells his milk which explains the small number of swine. At the date of our visit he had 50 or 60 Plymouth Rock hens and 125 chickens. The latter were kept for two weeks only with the mother, then separated from her and kept in small enclosures 262 3’ x 12” and 2’ high surrounded by wire netting. Mr Cunningham says that the advantage of this system is that the hens begin sooner to lay again and the chickens do not dirty the yards and lawn. We were not told what the drawbacks of the system might be. Accounts.—Mr. Cunningham does not keep complete accounts. He claims nevertheless that he can at any time tell the revenue of his farm and the state of his affairs. We could not do so from his books. In his application, we find that he purchases some tons of bran and ground grain, probably for the purpose of mixing in the rations or with Indian corn ensilage. On the other hand, he sold last year 400 bushels of oats.....+.. pio Senet oar nS. oes s $ 152 00 And he obtained for milk... ........0. cess 1,408 62 Total Salestiest AEA A Sees $1,560 62 We have no doubt that with the improvement in his stables and the greater care he will be able to give in future to his manure and his crops, Mr. Cunningham will perceptibly add to his revenue. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 30. Plan of farm : (a) Indian corn and other vegetables ; (b) Pastures ; (c) Indian corn for forage ; (cl) Road ; (d) Pasture, 16 acres ; (e) Pasture, 16 acres ; ~ Jun +4 Garp.---—----------- eee re (f) Meadow, 10 acres ; (g) Meadow, 10 acres ; (h) Barley, 10 acres ; (i) Oats, 10 acres ; (7) Oats, 10 acres ; (k) Old meadow, 12 acres ; (1) Meadow, 30 acres ; (m) Alley. Fig. 31 (plate 5.) View of Mr. Cunningham’s farm buildings from the west. Fig. 32. General plan and relative position of the buildings of the farm. (a) Highway ; (6) Orchard ; (b1) Clover, 1 acre ; (c) Lawn and flowers ; (d) House and dependencies ; (e). Wood-shed ; (f) Avenue ; (g) Workshop ; (h) Shed for vehicles with workshop and store-room ab v (i) Coach-house ; (j) Poultry-house ; (k) Box-stalls ; (l) Barns and threshing floors ; (mm) Silos ; (n) Cow-stable ; (0) Granary ; (p) Pent-hous» pig-st e . www me «ee ewe +e ~~ 100": . . . . . . . . ‘ ‘ . . . . . . . . ‘ . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . . . . . . ’ . . ‘ . . . ‘ ‘ ‘ . ‘ Fig. 32 a 265 : (q) Horse-stable ; (r) Sidewalk ; (s) Yards ; N.B. The points indicate the spots where ornamental trees are planted. © The area of the farm is 162 acres, but 120 only can be ploughed ; the remaining 42 acres consist of stony hillocks, used as permanent pastures, 4 acres in woodland part of which is a sugary. At the first glance from the highway, this farm does not produce a favorable impression owing to its boggy nature and the incomplete drainage of the nearer parts and the considerable distance of the buildings _— from the road. But when all parts are examined in detail with all the elements that enter into the working, the first impression is soon dispelled and one is convinced that everything is calculated intelligently in order to derive the greatest revenue in the most economical manner from all varieties of soil and from the entire farm. Nothing is lost ; what appears unfertile yields products of appreciable value. If there be a want of order in certain details, the surest sources of profit are not neglected : crops, drains, stock, etc., are carefully looked after. The crops are clean beyond reproach and sufficiently varied. Mr Roy follows a mixed system with dairying as the chief source of revenue. He sells horses, sheep, and swine and takes his milk to the neighboring factory. In 1900, 86,939 tbs of milk brought him $665.00, according to the figures in his application. Rotation.—1st year. Indian corn, potatoes, roots and mixed grain. 2nd year. Wheat, barley, oats with fodder seeds. 3rd and 4th years. Hay. 5th 6th and 7th years. Pastures. Manure.—This is put partly on the new meadow in the spring and partly in autumn or in summer on pasture destined to hoed crops in the following year. | Manure not used before autumn is kept in heaps piled up in the yard. in a sort of depression whence the liquid manure cannot escape. 267 Like many competitors in his county, Mr Roy has a silo 12’ x 7’ x 22’ high, with cemented floor and 7 acres of Indian corn. This silo is built in a corner of the barn and contiguous to the cow-stable. Buildings.— As the low-lying land near the road is not a suitable site for the farm buildings, Mr Roy has built them, like Mr Younie, on a hillock of lime-stone rock near the centre of his farm, thus utilizing the least valuable land for orchards and other plantations, using the stone taken from the spot for the buildings. Moreover the nearness of the barns to all the fields reduces the transport and working expenses, a question of rural economy too often neglected by the majority of farmers in our _ Province ; it is generally subordinated to others of less importance. The _ apparent isolation merely serves to show out still more the charms and advantages of the farm : elevation, cleanliness, salubrity, shade in summer and the pleasure afforded by plantations of fruit and ornamental trees, _ affording protection in all seasons against violent winds, etc. The house, of simple and economical construction, may be considered asa model of the kind. We give an engraving of it with the plan of the divisions as a useful detail in this competition, We do not mean thereby to disparage the first class houses, very well kept and laid out and even of greater value, ofseveral other competitors ; they would have been equally deserving of mention, but it was impossible for us to give so many engray- ings which would have not been of any use for the instruction of the public. The other buildings shown in figure 34 have no special interest. _ We would however point out a carpenter’s shop with tools and the - poultry house which is cemented, well lighted and well situated. The machines and tools are very complete and in good order. We would mention a most useful machine, an improved sifter, winnower and separator for seed manufactured by The Ontario Seed and Grain Separator Oo. Ltd., of Fergus, Ont. According to Mr. Roy it is an excellent separator - even for clover and timothy seed and a good winnower, winnowing 25 3 } bushel: an hour. Its cost is $28 00. 268 Stock.—The stock consists of 1 registered thoroughbred Ayrshire bull, “Lord Minto”, very good ; 20 grade Ayrshire cows, 18 of which give milk; 12 good heifers all in good condition ; 8 calves which do not seem very strong owing to their diet being made up with whey from the cheese ~ factory ; a fine Tamworth sow with 6 fine thoroughbred young pigs; 20 — sheep and lambs, first class, thoroughbred Shropshires (See fig. 26 plate 6). The ram won the sweepstake at the last exhibition in Sherbrooke ; 6 good draught horses and 4 good young horses; a good flock of Plymouth Rocks. All the stock belongs to profitable breeds and possesses profitable ° qualities. Book-keeping.—Since the month of January last (1901), Mr. Roy, — through his son, keeps a journal of disbursments and receipts in money ~ in a good bound book and well written; this is a good beginning ; may the continuation and the results be better still. Land Improvements —We may mention 600 yards of stone fencing, 75 — yards of drains in clay pipes, ditches and trenches well built and fairly numerous, the straigtening of a main water-course, the construction often stone culverts, the planting of fruit and ornamental trees, 40 to 50 being fine maple trees and five good black walnut trees, before the house and near the buildings, apart trom the grove, a good avenue from the Bie: road to the upper end of the farm, ete. The orchard contains 25 to 30 good apple-trees, very healthy and bearing well. The garden at the side of the house contains different vegetables and smal! fruits. The extent of the ground bearing different crops is about as follows : Grain :—Wheat, barley and oats, peas, Oats8.....csecese seeeeceeees 33 acres. Hoed crops; beans .05 acre; mangolds, } acre turnips; } acre, carrots 4 acre; potatoes, } acre; corn for grain, 12 acres; corn for ensilage 7 acres.......ccccsceceecers akg 0, Ook ae Meadow... Seeeeeeet Peekes Cee ee besese COC EEOH SC SEES OH CBee BEFEEE eerseore 81 $f Pasturage seve de seddcens, docndceec ascadbocs sulvie bas vctea bedebewdtoneeoen sit tn eee eee ct as NN ET OE GE my 269 If all the grain crops are clean, it means that Mr Roy carefully culti- vates a large extent of hoed crops, which supply him with succulent food for his cattle and his sheep. Mr. Roy is amongst the competitors who cultivate a few acres of wheat. It would be desirable that all the farmers who have good cleared land should cultivate a few acres of wheat after clover or manured vegetable crops, for the purpose of raising their own bread and not being subject to the uncertainty of the market for the most useful commodity of man’s subsistence. Mrs. Roy is skilled in domestic industry and preserves as a relic her _ old spinning wheel imported from Scotland. Success.— About twenty five years ago, Mr. Roy sold the little farm’ he ; owned, for $2,800.00 to buy the farm where he now resides, for $4,000.00, remaining indebted for the balance. He has had since to improve the land, drain it, lay it outjbetter, build his house, erect new buildings, etc. He has, in addition, bought _ another lot for $4,000.00, he owes nothing, has good buildings and money in hand. He must be a good farmer and able financier, or his land must contain gold. As areward for his well established merit, the Commission cannot hesitate in granting him the points which assure him the silver medal. FIGURES AND REFERENCES Fig. 34 Plan of farm and relative position of buildings, etc., upon a hillock situated about the centre of the farm 12} arpents from the front road, (aa) Avenue of the farm ; (6) Cattle enclosure ; (c) Yard ; (d) Manure pit ; (e) Granary ; 270 (f) Tool-shed ; (9) Grove of cedar and maple trees = acres ; ’ Shed ; (h) (7) Barn ; Cattle-shed ; (3) (k) Barn, sheepfold and loose boxes ; a iE a rs ed ts Ser syny 3S: a pa as cea Be Me = aN ah eeee cere = As Ry AeA s-ereeseeslarpe % avd = SOE Pe ys ay Se ANON Fig. 34 Milk-shed ; (1) (m) Threshing barn ; (n) Stable ; (0) Shed ; ouse ; . Poultry-h (p) (q) (rr) Yard and lawn ; Workshop ; (s) House and dependencies ; (t) Garden and orchard, enclosed by a stone fence. Fig. 35 R. Roy's farm.—Buildings. Fig. ; Fig. 3). J. Templeton’s farm.—Buildin > 38 c zS. = PLATE 6 Shrops‘1ire an] Mo son she2p. Fig. 43. Barn and stable. View of the farm buildings and of Mr. Roy’s house, showing part of the grove at the === See se - ———————————_—SooeEeE———— FIG, 35 (plate 6) west. Sreneneaey CO een | eee Fig. 36 Ground plan of Mr. Roy’s house (lower). (a) Verandah ; (b) Entrance hall including staircase bl ; (c) Parlor ; (d) Bed-room ; (d1) Cloak-room ; (e) Dining-room ; (e1) Stove ; (e2) Pipboard ; (f) Kitchen ; ( f1) Staircase ; ( f2) Stove ; (g) Bath and sink ; Pe ee eee et im — 272 (h) Pantry; (A small opening with a door allows of articles being passed from one apartment to another) ; (‘) Summer kitchen and wood-shed in a wing, with staircase (7) going into the ~ cellar ; (k) Pump ; (m) Stove ; , ee ees e . -,0€ ae Bb sig 85- ass ore | eres ewrcoses ( bata Gaike -e- Plan of the upper part of the house. (a) Passage used as a sewing-room ; (bb) Bed-rooms ; (c) ‘Passage which could be used as a bed-room ; (d) Trap door to the attic ; Fig. 38 (plate 6). View of the house and flock of Shropshire sheep for exhibition belonging to Mr. Roy. They were awarded six first prizes and a diploma at Sherbrooke ; three first and other prizes at Ste. Martine; four first and others at Huntingdon ; four first and others at St. Louis de Gonzague. A ram from this flock which was sold to Mr. Gingras, of St. Césaire, carried off the first_prize at Quebec. Mr. JOHN TEMPLETON (87.09 pts, silver medal.) A little lower down than Mr. Cunningham on the same side is situated the farm of Mr. John Templeton, another remarkable competitor from this district. 273 This farm is distinguished from afar by the beautifal trees which embellish the surroundings of the house and especially by the imposing barn built a short time ago and surmounted by a wind mill, which ‘announce to passers by and visitors the importance of this farm and its owner's progressive spirit. A fine large property consisting of two lots of a total extent of 182 acres, 178 being capable of cultivation. It is well- built, well cultivated and well drained by a good system of drains and trenches and contains an orchard, vegetable garden, lawn of flowers and grass surrounding a pretty house of a simple style, but well divided and comfortably arranged, giving to the whole place an agreeable and aristo- cratic appearance. It is not necessary to say that the growing of the ftowers and looking after of the lawn, like the interior of the house, are in the department of Mrs. Templeton who has leisure, which all house keepers do not possess, to successfully practise her skill as a florist and to gratify her good taste. The basis of Mr. Templeton’s system is the cultivation of hay and pasture, and the feeding of a fairly numerous herd of grade Durhams, apparently more suited for meat than for milk. In this respect, his practice resembles that of Mr. Younie, although it requires a larger relative extent of meadow. . . | . He sells grain, hay, dairy produce, fat oxen, etc., and buysa few tons of bran. The following is astatement of last year’s accounts given in his appli« _ cation and taken from a good account book well kept: RECEIPTS (sales.) NS EEE ae TN BEPMELOVSC ,cccceccccesece sees Nees iene akweie. ates $ 100 00 491 bushels of grain...... ......0. oR eR ie 155 54 BTONS, Hay ........ .oerccarsncnveess gexvnhtones 330 25 ESTILO T.. ., acc vdvcnsgasipemap s0A.o) acepenaal 92 25 13 a 29 heath of. chth le. sssck scoters secede. fs jobmegeme se 1,286 00 PaGES sobs 2s | miesernnse betta aeng OIC so ceb ber seem 62 00 Milk taken, to faqtoryiecssesene:.. hs ince cones casts 355 85 Total. .j.i, Fide vonnbies . 2,312 19 HER GGG cs ois se jcle tek «sare 1,621 28 Net profit...........00 $ 690 96 It must be noted that if we had to calculate theoretically the value of the elements of fertility taken away in the grain, hay and animals sold, the net profit would be slightly diminished. Manure is used for hoed crops and pastures, as a top-dressing, in the fall of the first year or spring of the second year. The rotation is 6 years, similar to that of the same number of years practised by other competitors Mr. Templeton plants several acres (9) of corn for fodder and owns a good silo with cemented bottom (V. fig. 44). Drainage.-—We remarked a hundred and twenty yards of wooden drains that worked well. Plastering.—Mr. Templeton uses plaster on his meadows, potatoes and corn. The general production was good on the whole, although it was not superior every where. The number of points gained by the competitor places him in line with the best farmers and will obtain for him the silver medal which he has well deserved. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. ———_ Fig. 89 (plate 6). General view of the farm, of Mr. J. Templeton’s barn and house. 275 : ANT ” me ' Fig. 40 Dower part of Mr. J. Templeton’s property ; position of buildings, etc. (a) Continuation of farm to the south-east ; (b) Public road ; : (c) Avenue 42’ below the road ; (d) Cultivated field ; (e) Pasture ; (f) House ; (gg) Lawn ; 276 (g1) Garden ; (hh) Orchard ; (i) Small fruits ; ( j) Screen of forest trees ; (kk) Lower part of hill lined with forest trees, elms, etc ; (2) Sheds ; (m) Store and stables ; (n) Piggery. <-- woes ewer ens, ene wwne 26 Plan of ground floor of houses. (a) Verandah ; (b) Entrance hall and stairs ; (cc) Double parlor and bay window ; (d) Bedroom ; (e) Room ; (f) Boudoir ; (g) Kitchen ; {h) Stairs to cellar ; _ (t) Stairway leading to rooms above ; - (7) Summer kitchen ;. (&) Wood. ; Fig. 42. Plan of the upper part of the house. (a) Gallery ; (6) Hall; (cc) Bedrooms ; (d) Passage ; (e) Bathroom : (f) Garret. Fig. 43. (Plate 6). View of Mr. J. Templeton’s barn and stables, from the south. Fig. 44. Ground plan of Mr. J. Templeton’s coach house and stables, under the barn (fig. 43). (a) Coach house; (b) General store ; (b1) Stairs leading to grain loft; ; (62) Hand-creamer ; (c) Ice-house ; (d) Cow-stalls ; (e) Stable; (ff) Loose boxes ; 278 (g) Poultry house; (hh) Feeding room ; (h1) Stairs leading to barn; (t) Silo 22’ to 24’ high; teres cereeee terete wererasesa 36 eget ecee Ln ee eet eet et Ses Rts 2 0 0 e.e Oye ve e's ee ee ee Tet ee ew ewe te wie we ewes - ‘ eee gs sere rms f ‘ ‘ 5 i ' ’ . . . Seen. sateen tee i oe* . lO : .* . . . . . . . . . . . : a: . ‘ , = (j) Root house; (kk) Fodder traps; (il) Ventilators. Fig. 45. (Plate 7). View of a portion of the west row of cow-stalls, taken from behind. PLATE 7 Fig. 50. R. MacFarlane’s farm.—Group of cows. . ° 279 = Ce Be Sin cca a ea | | | | , | | | ctae 3a -veevcrcoecy POS YR amet fa ; { ; Fig. 46 Cross-section of a row of stall with dimensions shown. (a) Feeding passage; (v./., fig.-44). (b) Crib; . (c) Water trough ; (d) Division wali ; (e) Tethericg staple; ? (f) Division post and support ; (g) Drain ; (h) Parsage of 7’ between the two drains ; Fig. 47. Plan of a large barn-door, from the interior, showing the manner of closing. (a) Moveable bai. in the centre keeping one side of the door closed by means of two staples (bb) above and below. (c) Hook with external ring handle, serving to close the other wing from outside, like the apparatus indicated for Mr. Archie Muir. 280 Mr. ROBERT ANDERSON (85 pts., silver medal). Residence, North Georgetown, near the last-mentioned. Extent of farm, 156 acres all under cultivation, comprising six large divisions of six and twenty four acres. Clayey soil of good quality, covered with an ex- cellent crop of hay and grain, well drained and properly levelled, having an orchard of 40 to 50 trees of various kinds, several being good large ap- a OS Fig. 47. (See last page.) ple-trees and a few small fruit and forty ornamental trees. Some serve as shade trees along the fence, others are planted near the buildings and house. These plantations have not always been done with the skill and taste that we have admired among other competitors. The system of cultivation is good, if one may judge by the abun- dance and cleanliness of the crops. Of 154 acres under cultivation, there Serene gas 281 are 45 acres in grain and corn for fodder, 34 in meadow and 75 in pasture. The large extent of pasture is required for feeding of a good number of cattle for killing. Rotation is six years,like that of the McDougall brothers ; the manure is applied as top-dressing in the green state on stubble intended to be ploughed in the fall to grow grain or vegetables. The competitor had no other hoed crops, this year, than two acres of corn. ‘The house—24’ x 30’—is good, clean, well furnished, sufficiently, confortable, provided with a sink, good dependencies, 16 x 20—and decorated in front with flower beds. We have, however, no detail to point out which is superior to others. The farm buildings, which are large enough and fairly good, have nothing particularly remarkable on the whole. Like a good many other competitors there is a workshop provided with carpenter’s tools and a forge. The farm implements are sufficiently complete and in good order, as are also the fields. The milch cattle are not numerous, only eight Ayrshire cows, but the herd is large. [Besides the above eight cows, we counted in the pasture, thirty heifers from 1 to 2 years, two bulls from 1 to 2 years, thoroughbred Ayrshires, twenty-four oxen for slaughter and five calves, without men- tioning four working horses and two colts, all good, and six pigs. Mr. Anderson has but little help, therefore he cultivates in large lots. - According to the declaration made by him in his application, in 1900, he bought several tons of bran and a few hundred rounds of linseed, and sold : Grain, 906 bushels ........ ae ca nehh ag nee $ 422 40 Maeaiel 1) LOIIE nai doi <0) bess asad xin’ snadh Ades cnet 80 00 emia DOD) TDS ei5i aia a diel on te bin con aeas ad beuetys 40 00 a, 282 Milch cows ....-2.. cece eae hata + TRE RE d 240 00 Hbrves 2, 6. 08 eis eh Pe JERS oh ein 216 00 Bwime ta Tot Kita ee 20.5. -oeserncs tovanencnicavaese 420 00 $1,368 40 According to this memorandum, his balance in cash for 1900 would: be $567.00. The book-keeping is not complete. Although there are various items for which the competitor could not obtain as many points as several ot his fellow competitors, he still attains. the required degree of merit to entitle him to the silver medal. Mr. ROBERT MACFARLANE (89.11 pts. silver medal). The competitor resides on the west bank of English river, 2} miles above Howick. He farms 150 acres of good, heavy sandy clay soil, 100 acres of which he owns, and farms 50, in a beautiful fertile country. The system of farming adopted by Mr. MacFarlane is apparently good and tends essentially to the production of milk which he sells in kind in Montreal. The division is good without being absolutely perfect from the stand- point of a regular distribution of crops and of that which Mr. MacFarlane follows. The fields are more numerous than ‘the number of years of rota- tion and not altogether equal in size. However, this detail does not hinder good farming and the success of the competitor’s crops which are abundant and very clean. The rotation is eight years, two years in grain and hoed crops, especially corn for fodder; two years in meadow, followed by two years. in pasture land, with a top-dressing of manure in the spring of the last year of pasture, which is ploughed in the fall of the same year to be seeded in corn the following spring Mr. MacFarlane grows much corn for ensilage. This year he had twelve very fine acres of it (seec and f,, fig. 48). 283 OO Mr. MacFarlane makes good choice of his seed which he keeps in good condition and changes from time to time when required. He manures his orchard every two years as several other competitors do. House and Buildings.—The house is of brick like that of several other competitors. It is not large, 22’ x 28', but is well divided, well painted and provided with good dependencies: kitchen, laundry, pantry, wood shed, etc., the cellar with cemented floor is first class and contains a fruit room. The heating is by hot air. The whole is considered for the purposes of this competition as first class. The exterior of the farm buildings is inferior to others, but the divi- sions, the communications, the dimensions and arrangement of the interior are calculated with a view to economy and convenience and the comfort and health of the animals in view of an abundant production of milk and manure. (See fig. 49). The fences are of different kinds : of poles and cedar pickets, of boards, of ordinary wire, and of wire fencing (Page’s system and American system) with a variety of gates, some of painted boards, others of iron and others, ordinary gates, running on pulleys. The avenue 18 feet wide is well levelled. There is a good orchard, a ‘fruit and vegetable garden containing a good variety of vegetables and small fruits for home consumption and for the market. These plots are enclosed by a high fence of wire of 19 strands (S. Page, etc.) _ The supply of tools is complete; the manure is well used and well distributed ; the stables are mostly cemented. The order of the fields, fences and moveables is excellent. Stock :—Seven good horses; twenty five good milch cows, Ayrshire and grade Ayrshire Durhams, five of which are registered; a bull ofa year and a half, thoroughbred Ayrshire; seventeen calves by Uncle Sam born at the Chicago Exhibition out of Nellie Osborne, the sweepstake at the exhibition ; twenty four heifers from 1 to 2 years, nearly all first class, and 284 an ox for slaughter. It is one of the best dairy herds and the best kept — that we have seen in this competition. Some of the cows calve in the fall __| and winter, owing to the sale of milk in kind. The pigs are good, but nut numerous, for the reason just given, but | there is a good number of Plymouth Rock fowl. Book-keeping :—The competitor keeps a day-book of receipts and expenditure in money, a book of current accounts of those with whom he ~ deals and a ledger into which the amounts are carried at the end of each ~ month. These accounts are kept in good bound books. . According to his official declaration, Mr MacFarlane sold in 1900 milch cows and other animals to the value of $726.25. The proceeds from the milk taken to the factory —50,241 tbs—were $372.70, and from the milk and cream sold in the town (12,255 gallons of milk and 415 galls cream) $2,22117. The farm expenses, apart from the family expenses, were only $150.00 We did not check these figures by the account books, Mr. MacFarlane’s agricultural speculation is the economical produc- tion in winter and summer of milk in abundance and of good quality, and his whole system of farming, as well as the keeping of his cattle, aims at this production : a sufficiently roomy stable, well lighted and aired, good water constantly before the cows, the latter well fed with corn ensilage, grain and hay; cultivation on a good scale of corn and clover, etc. His success, like all his work, which marks him among his kind as a striking farmer, places him among the best in this competition and procures him decoration of the silver medal. 285 FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 48. Sketch of Mr. R. MacFarlane’s 100 acre farm. (a) Oats, 7 acres ; (b) Pasture, 8 acres; (c) Ensilage corn, 7 acres ; (cJ]) Green fodder, 1 acre ; (d) Wood, 4 acres ; (e) Meadow, 8 acres; (f) Corn fodder, 43 acres ; (f1) Green fodder, $ acres ; (g) Pasture, 6 acres ; (h) Clover field, 6 acres ; (i) Meadow, 8 acres ; (j) Oats, 8 acres ; (k) Meadow, 9 acres ; (1) Meadow, 10 acres ; N.-B.—The portion leased establishes an equilibrium in_ the proportion of the different crops. TO NTU sat) @ sees UbGe 41) , use Se ROSMSD Uubue JALM were Bip. BU OI Ue Fig. 49 based th ill ran Ni i aa erwin pat <— ~ al Horizontal plan of Mr. MacFarlane’s farm buildings, showing how the interior is laid out. A. Sheds: (a) Coach houses ; (b) Tool house ; (c) Store and ladder leading to grain loft over the three divisions mentioned ; B. Barn: Pe ST PER SMTi At eye I (a) Apartment for vehicles ; on -§ o " reo s o e = Fig. 48 286 Se oe ' ¢ . . . w ww ” . . Fig 49 287 ——————————————————————XXXXX_=—=—=—=—=—SEs=— es (bb) Grain ; (cc) Threshing floors ; (d) Passage ; *C. Stable for cattle: (a) Poultry house ; (6) Apartment for pump; D. Horse stables : (a) Box-stalls ; (6) Harness room ; E Barn: (a) Thrashing floor; (6b) Silo; F. Stable for calves ; G. Ice-House. Fig. 50 (plate 7). View of a group of cows and of a portion of Mr. MacFarlane’s buildings, from the west. Mr. ONESIME DEMERS (83.02 points, bronze medal). Mr. Demers lives a few miles east of the church of Ste. Martine. He has gained the name of a good and courageous worker by his intelligent work and the spirit of order, cleanliness and economy which is admired in all the details of his work, in the house and buildings as in every point of the farm, if exception be made of some parts of th» fences which might be better. This is a very deserving quality and taient which many farmers do not possess to a sufficient degree and which incontestably con- tributes to the success of a man in agriculture, perhaps, more than in other conditions of life. As a result all the work is well done, everything is in its place, nothing is lying around, lost or deteriorated. Mr. Demers’ farm or rather farms enclose about 175 acres under cul- 288 tivation and are of a clayey and fertile soil capable of producing abundant ~ crops of every kind of grain and hay. This year's crop, on account of unfavorable temperature or of sowing when the earth was not in a sufficiently propitious state, was not as fine as in previous years, which has contributed towards placing Mr. Demers in the class of Great Merit, giving him the hope of winning the silver medal which he may carry off in another competition. The land is suitably cleared of the stones which were fairly plentiful in some places. These stones have been used for making bridges, foun- dations for the barns, fords or solid crossings over streams. Mr. Demers has straightened several water courses and levelled hillocks, so as to gain stretches of good land for farming in the valley of a winding stream. He has also raised the ground all around his house to prevent water reaching the foundations and flooding the cellar in the spring. The house is com- paratively small, unprovided with dependencies connected with it, but removed from the road about thirty feet, wonderfully clean, agreeably surrounded with flowers, with a pretty garden at the side 60 x 80, well filled with vegetables, very clean and tidy, containing in addition 20 to 30 fruit trees and sixty currant and gooseberry bushes, proving to her praise that Mrs. Demers possesses the same economical virtues, perhaps even to a higher degree than her worthy husband. She manages her work so as to have time to weave stuffs which win prizes at the county exhibitions. . We have no instructive particulars to point out in the other buildings. The stock as a whole, might be better, especially the cows. We found fifteen cows, five heifers, five calves, one grade Canadian bull, in all, twenty six head; twenty five cross-bred Leicester sheep, ten being old; six good working horses, one being an excellent mare in foal and two colts, and several pigs. 289 Mr. THEODORE BOURDON, Sre. Puitomeneg, (8255 pts, bronze medal.) Mr, Bourdon’s farm measures 140 acres, all under cultivation, 5 being ; an orchard, The lower part of the farm near the river is slighty broken but. of excellent quality and eminently suited for growing fruit. Indeed _ Mr. Bourdon does well in this respact by miking a fine large orchard upon a height well suited for such cultivation ; a large number of the trees are still young but good and well looked after. This is one of the best and largest orchards we have visited during this competition. The remainder of the farm, apart from some pieces in the upper part, is of second quality and largely of sandy soil. Mr. Bourdon, who is still a young man, educated and seeming to understand the business of farming well, has effected improvements on his farm which greatly increase the output and which if continued gradually with care will make it an excellent farm from one end to the other. He has drained several acres, straightened several water courses, lowered the banks of ditches, improved sandy places with clayey soil. He has planted twenty fruit trees. He has moreover taken advantage of an excellent spring at the lower end of his land. Mr. Bourdon says he follows the following rotation: 1st year, oats or mixed grain ; 2nd year, corn, potatoes or buckwheat manured ; 3rd year, wheat, barley or oats; 4th year, ciover ; 5th year, meadow ; 6th year, partly in meadow, partly in pasture; 7th and 8th years, pasture. He _ manures a plot every year at the rate of 20 to 25 loads to the acre. Stock —The herd of cows numbering 19 are of grade Canadian, of _ which 6 head including the bull are registered. It is a good milk herd. - When the farm, was inspected the 138th July, Mr Bourdon had realized _ from his cows $3.11 per head in a fortnight, and he was taking 550 tts of _ milk a day to the factory. The horses and swine are also of good quality. The pastures include several fields and the meadows are never used as pastures in the fall. 19 290 The farm work is well-done, and the crops were all good, which proves |} that Mr. Bourdon is applying himself to realize all the revenue possible from his land. But the extent of his farm seemed to us too large to be J worked with every possible economical skill, through lack of sufficient labor. (See table of points for details of merit.) ; COUNTY OF ST. JOHN'S. This beautiful county which contains so many good and well to do. farmers had only two competitors, both in the parish of lAcadie: Messrs” Eustache Roy and Levi Toupin. Mr. EUSTACHE ROY (85.15 pts. silver medal.) The farm examined by the Commission was 183 acres in superficies, 70 being in grain, } acre in hoed crops, 60 acres in meadow, 52 acres be pasture, and about 1 acre of orchard and garden. The soil is excellent and fertile, being a crumbly loam, suitable for | hay and wheat, real clover ground, even and free from rocks; it isa spesimen of the fine lands of the province, which seem inexhaustible. Mr. Roy, a large land-owner and an extensive grower of grain and 9 hay, possesses in this fertile region, in addition to the farm on which he ; resides, several other farms which we did not think it worth bie visiting. The system adopted by him seems exhausting, but the land does not 7 seem to suffer because the crop this year is good. : | According to his own figures, Mr. Roy sold in 1900, 1840 bushels of | grain, 75 tons of hay and 10 tons of straw ; 17 cows brought him $38.00 a © | head ; he sold for $150.00 worth of poultry and eggs, $100.00 worth of pigs and 8200.00 of horned cattle. The amount realized from the sales was” $2,616.00; $1,520.00 of which represents the value of a part of the fertility of the soils carried away in the form of grain, hay, and straw, etc., and not returned in the shape of manure. 7 . SOL fri Mr. Roy every year ploughs up twenty acres of meadow and thirty acres of pasture. The longest period in meadow and pasture is three : years. He sows twice before turning his fields back into pasture. Thus, the eight years rotation holds good. He makes several acres of fallow and manure, 10 to 12 acres a year. The manure is applied to the vege- tables and spread over the meadows. It is by means of the fallow land aa _ or summer ploughing, that Mr. Roy prevents weeds from getting into his grain and meadows. ae _ « We noticed at Mr. Roy’s an agricultural phenomenon which is an accidental demonstration of a scientific fact and a lesson to farmers. This consisted of rows of oats sown along ditches, after a crop of peas, which _ were yielding in straw and grain 25 to 30% more than the rest of the ground under cultivation after a crop of cereals. Mr Roy sows his peas alon his ditches, because the ground is not so rich a soil as further away, a _the peas do not grow so much to stalk and yield a better crop. We . called My. Roy’s attention to this phenomenon and gare him the following explanation: Peas grow better along a ditch because the earth from the digging and cleaning out of these ditches is richer in mineral elements _ which the peas require in greater proportion than oats, while dispensing with the nitrogen in the soil, and the latter grows better after the peas, because these have left the soil richer in nitrogen than a crop of oats, which plant cannot give good returns without nitrogen, its principal nourishment and which it draws from the soil. From this, Mr. Roy was able to conclude that by ploughing deep, he would obtain good crops of | peas after which he would have better oat crops, and then hay in greater quantity. b ie Salita | The farm work is very good; ridges wide and straight; furrows ; clean ; drains and ditches well made and well kept, ete. , The artist employed by the Commission could not come to Mr. Roy’s : to photograph his establishmevt, which however does not afford anything - instructive for the public. All Mr. Roy’s best points could not be illus- _ drated by pictures. s The house is very good and considered No 1 for the purposes of the “<3 292 competition: it is comfortable, well finished, covered in tin and provided with a balcony. A small flower garden adorns the front. All the other || buildings are good and apart from one barn are all covered in sheet-iron. | The implements are good. The cattle are not equal to the qualities of the soil. We found & working horses, one being a mare in foal and a stallion, three young horses ~ and a foal; thirteen milch cows and a grade Durham bull, three heifers — and six oxen, apart from pigs and sheep. | “ey Altogether Mr Roy obtained 85.15 with the honor of wearing the silver medal. i Mr. LEVI TOUPIN (85 pts., silver medal). Resideuce, near the village of ]’Acadie, on the little Montreal river. Mr. Toupin’s farm contains 114 acres, nearly all under cultivation. This land was formerly considered inferior on account of ifs very clayey composition and the small quantity of humus in the ground and the © difficulty of working it. However, the land is of good mineral com- ~ position. Mr. Toupin has the merit of having made of it a good farm producing all kinds of grain, peas, clov r, timothy etc. It is well drained — and well cultivated and in gov. order, and this year’s crop also is good © throughout. The division, however, is not as perfect as with‘other com- — petitors and the system followed is not absolutely perfect, theoretically at — least. The fields are not sufficiently regular. From our point of view, — the animal stock were not numerous nor the pastures large enough and here, as with a very large number of the farmers of the district, the grow- ing of hay for the market seems to be the basis of the system. The quality of the farm work, however, and the natural richness of the soil in elements of fertility seem to support Mr Toupin against the scientific principles of agronomy. The rotation given hereunder is indeed good : Ist. Year, hoed crops manured, vegetables, peas, buckwheat or green fodder ; _ 2nd. year, oats or barley with fodder grain ; b 3rd and 4th years, meadow ; 5th and 6th years, pasture. It is a six years’ rotation with manuring every twelve years, as the Proprietor is unable to manure the sixth part of his farm every year. There is no road on the farm ; however, it is a fine one well situated, which, with little cost, could equal or surpass even the finest of those whose plans we publish. The buildings do not offer anything sufficiently instructive to deserve public attention. They are fairly numerous and comfortable for the cattle. The house (see. fig. 51, pl. 7), still new, is very well built and very comfortable, and provided with every improvement to be met with among well-to-do farmers, The ground improvements made by Mr. Toupin on his farm, consist of some stone clearing work, of the improvement of water-courses and levelling of certain uneven parts. Mr. Toupin has also tried chemical fertilizers from which he has obtained instructive results ; he has also planted twenty forest trees to embellish his property. The orchard contains twenty-five to thirty trees and the garden, which is good, contains a certain number of small fruit bushes. Mr. Toupin is a well-to-do farmer who has prospered and is of real worth as such, leaving aside his other qualities. Therefore the Commis- sion is pleased that he was able to obtain enough points to win the silver medal as evidence of his merit and success. FIG. 51. (Plate 7). View of Mr. Levi Toupin’s house from the East. 294 COUNTY OF IBERVILLE. This fine county, likes its worthy neigbor to the west, is distinguished for the most fertile hay and grain lands in the province and for the wealth © of its inhabitants. The dairy industry has made wonderful progress and — we find there the largest and best fitted butter factories of the province. The improvement of stock has advanced, but thanks to the intelligence © and advanced spirit of the inhabitants it will continue to make great ; strides in order to reach the degree of perfection that can be attagaal con- — sistently with the greatest profits. ttl sth OE ; e% The three competitors from this county are Messrs. Ls, Nadeau, of St. — Athanase, Sifroy Fortin, of St. Georges de Henryville and J. A. Benoit ong St. Grégoire. Mr. LOUIS A. NADEAU (75.05 pts, bronze medal.) The farm put into the competition by ‘Mr. Nadeau is 100 acres, 97 being cultivated and 3 in standing timber. It consists of separate lots, — which made Mr. Nadeau’s position less advantageous that that of most of the competitors. The soil on these farms is of good composition and can well repay the good farm work and drainage, that Mr. Nadeau has already done- He understands his business, his labors are well calculated, but he needs manual help to carry out his plans for all the improvements which his land and crops require to yield a maximum return. The best points taken by Mr. Nadeau are for improvements to the soil and the good condition of his fences. He has done good work in stone clearing; the large stones have been used§for fences, and a hundred loads of the small ones, for raising an acre of the front road. A large portion of the earth thrown out of the ditches has been carried away and spread over the lower parts. He has filled in useless trenches and straight- ened ditches. His drainage work is good onthe whole. Mr. Nadeau grows a small quantity of roots for fodder, amongst other things carrots for his a 295 Es Sa . . ‘milch cows in winter, as well as a few acres of corn. The crop was not fine everywhere, but 2 of an acre of carrots, 15 acres of hay and 11 acres of pasture obtained the maximum number of points. Mr. Nadeau uses earth to absorb the urine from the hogs and increase ‘the quantity of this manure. The manure from all the farm animals is “mixed together and carted during the winter into heaps of five double loads. After the sowing, it is spread over the last ploughed pasture and ploughed in lightly, then the field is sowed in buckwheat or lentils. The ‘next year, after deep ploughing, the land bears hoed crops. The liquid “manure is collected in tanks under the stables, then carted to the fields in, “June. The manure should, for the sake of the hay crop, in our opinion _be applied at the commencement of May or thereabout. "There is no use to dilate upon the other details of the farm, which, without being inferior to what is seen among most farmers, does not _ however show anything remarkably superior. Mr. SIFROY FORTIN (85-10 points, silver medal), . Mr. Fortin is a large land owner, having 336 acres, 250 fit for cultiva- tion, 86 woodJand and 1 acre of orchard. ll the fields on this large _ farm border on the public road which runs through them. The divisions _ are sufficiently numerous and fairly regular. The farm work is well done and all the fences around the fields as well as the water courses, ditches _and trenches are in good order. The crops are very clean and abundant; seven plots obtained maximum points, and six others from 90 to 95%. Mr. Fortin grows barley for his use and plenty of corn, which, in that part of ' the country, gives excellent returns. As regards improvements to the soil done by Mr. Fortin, we can point out a considerable amount of stone clearing, and the stones taken from the ground have been used mostly to pave a muddy road about 900 "yards in length in a wood. He has 15 acres of half fallow, sowed in _ buckwheat. 296 3 7 With respect to food for the stock, we shall only mention Mr. Fortin’s good habit of cutting up the fodder so as to make the mixtures required ~ for a better food. Figures 52 and 53, plate 8, show clearly enough the arrangement of Mr. Fortin’s buildings,—amongst others, his good and pretty house, his fine trees, which adorn the front of the property,—to allow us to dispense with deseriptive details. The farm buildings are numerous, fairly well built and comfortable enough for cattle. | Mr. Fortin has a carpenter’s shop well supplied with tools, and his — skill helps him to do work which saves him much expense. The house, surrounded by a verandah and provided with good 7 dependencies, kitchen, laundry, dairy, wood shed, etc, contains a good — cellar, divided into several compartments and well lighted, containing an ~ oven and a cistern for water. The house has every modern improvement, and a beautiful flower garden adorns the front. It is one of the most attractive farm residences which we have visited on level ground. We noticed among the implements, which are very complete and in — | good order, a sprayer on wheels, to spray potatoes, fruit trees, etc. Let it suffice fur us to say now that Mr. Fortin incontestably deserves the silver medal for his success and his very great agricultural worth. 297 FIGURES AND REFERENCES ACHES. 2 < SA hes \ \ “ OMG FSS OE "ht"? 9 €-----9 ‘ \ S a eee eee eee or SS Cre (dd) Garden and orchard (35 to 40 trees) ; (a) Road loading to St. George ; (b) Front road along the river} (ec) Garden, trees and flowers ; (e) House; (f) Kitchen ; Plan of the respective positions of Mr. Sifroy Fortin’s buildings. a ee 298 (g) Summer kitchen and woodshed ; (hk) Dairy; (¢) Granary ; (7) Coach house; (k) General store house ; FIG. 53 (plate 8) View of the Mr. Sifroy Fortin’s house, south gable and kitchen, from the public road and of the beautiful trees along it adorning the house and front of the farm. Mr. Fortin is leaning on the fence and his ploughing team is in front of the kitchen. Trees hide the house. _ Mr. J. A BENOIT (83 30 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Benoit, who is an excellent dealer in hay, has a farm, near the village of St. Gregoire, of 96 acres, two being in timber. The soil is of a sandy clayey nature, in appearance cold, with a somewhat compact sub soil, requiring deep ploughing, good draining, organic fertilizers and perhaps lime. The lower part of the farm is loam, of a good quality, suited for hay. The farm is cultivated according the old system, but Mr. Benoit has undertaken to change the system, and has made advantageous improve- ments, which show his ability. But as he has two kinds of business to look after, he sometimes sacrifices the farm when he does not wish to lose what he considers better. Mr. Benoit has good buildings, barn and stables for which he has obtained the maximum number of points. We noticed in his herd of Durham Ayrshires several good head. Mr. Benoit seems to be trying to form an excellent herd, for he has bought three good cows which cost him $150.00. The cows are in good condition. His five working horses and his three colts are excellent. In the winter, he feeds his cows with two meals of hay and one of straw a day, with a ration of ground grain and of bran mixed dry. PLATE 8 Fig. 53. S. Fortin’s farm.—House and road. . 299 i AE ————————————— % He buys 500 tbs. of Thomas phosphate a year ; the results are good, but manure is better. The latter is used partly on meadow after the hay is gathered and partly on the ground intended for hoed crops, in the fall ; it is then ploughed in with a second ploughing in the spring. We could give other details which would not be disparaging to Mr. Benoit, but which would not afford any further information than what we have already said upon the same practices with respect to other competitors. MISSISQUOI COUNTY. Missisquoi county has two distinct districts, te lower part and the upper part. The first which is relatively of small extent is more level and better suited for various crops: vegetables, grain, hay, etc. The other part, to the south east, is a hilly district, with charming landscapes, pretty and flourishing villages and beautiful farms. The soil, though light, is as a rule of a good composition and productive. This part is eminently suited for pastures and fruit growing. The dairy industry is highly developed and the breed of Jersey cattle, pure or grade, is very widespread. The six competitors in this county are, in the western part, Messrs Alphonse Provost, of East Farnham, and Louis Rochelean, of St. Pierre de _Veérone, (Pike River) and, in the east part, Lt-Col. A. H. Gilmour, of Stan- bridge East, Messrs T. R Harvey, of Frelighsburg, Holden & Vincent, of St. Armand Centre, and John Butler, of Sweetsburg. — — Mr. ALPHONSE PROVOST (83.45 pts, bronze medal) Mr. Provost’s land contains 90 acres all good for culture. As Mr. Provost is an able workman and a trustworthy man, he profits by the good wages the municipal council or local companies pay him for his services and leaves his farm to the care of a farmer. However, he does not neglect improve ments; he grows hoed crops to improve his land ; he has done extensive work in stone clearing, using the stone for 1800 300 yards of fencing, foundations for buildings or bridges, revetments, — entrances to barns, etc. He makes his butter on the farm. He owns a good house quite new, a fairly good young orchard of fifty trees, a plantation of pretty maples, two good barns and sufficient good stalls in one of them, which is 90 x 80 and contains threshing floors between the stalls, which facilitates feeding. | The herd of cows is numerous enough, fairly good and of Canadian — breed, with a Jersey-Canadian bull. In a word, Mr. Provost possesses the qualities of an advanced farmer ~ and man of progress, but, as he is situated, he could not effect the improve- ment and perfecting of this farm required to obtain, according to the rules of the competition, the number of points necessary to the silver medal. — This will be easy for him if he takes the trouble in another competition. Mr. LOUIS ROCHELEAU (80.01 pts., bronze medal). Extent of farm: 160 acres; 110 acres under cultivation, 15 acres of ' natural pasture, 35 acres of wood-land. The farm is situated on the east bank of Pike River in the basin of Missisquoi Bay, partly flooded. until June. A good basin of sandy-clay alluvium, 7} acres wide, especially suited to the growth of hay which comes in good quality on the portion not submerged in the spring. The flooded part is in wood land and pasture where grass grows in abundance, but of an inferior quality, in the middle of the summer. Mr. Rocheleau cultivates chiefly hay .for the market and a fair quantity of cereals. This low and damp locality is eminently favorable to the development of flies harmful to the animals; it is probably for this reason that Mr. Rocheleau does not keep a numerous herd and loses grass. ‘ rrr + , B01 Mr. Rocheleau lives in a first class house of the kind owned by many of the competitors. The farm buildings are good, but do not offer any particular qualities which it would be advantageous to point out as examples for our country- men. The farm work is suitably well done. The chief merit of the present competitor, as a farmer, in the eyes of his fellow citizens, is of having cleared 40 to 50 acres of land, of having drained his farm by over 30 acres of new drains; rebuilt in the last ten _ years all the old fences, without counting new fences he has put up, and of having thus, by his work, made for himself a good property which _ renders him prosperous. If all the other details were of equal merit to that of the works just ~ mentioned, M. Rocheleau would certainly have gained enough points to obtain the silver medal of Very Great Merit, which would perfectly agree with his intelligence and capacity, both as a farmer and as a citizen devoted to the public interest and enjoing the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. (See table of points). LT.-COL. A.-H. GILMOUR, (91.45 points ) (Competitor for the gold-medal). We have here a large land-owner possessing 1200 acres of land, who is at the same time a banker, president of a railway, an enlightened lover of art, a large breeder and passionate lover of ‘Standard-bred”’ horses, owner of a race-course, etc. He is one of the largest landed proprietors and principal farmers of the Eastern Townships. The property entered in the competition comprises several contiguous lots of a total extent of 440 acres, 890 being under cultivation, the remain- der in permanent pasture and wood-land. 802 This beautiful farm, situated near Riceburg, bears the seigniorial name of ‘‘ Manor Stock Farm” and is at present directed by Mr. Arthur- E. Bell. It is agreably situated on a pretty plateau of fine sandy-clay soil, 4 | overlooking the valley of Pike River, which flows through the village of © Riceburg. We do not intend to give a complete report of the large farm, which — must have been dune by the Commission of the last competition in the — region. e\9 The principal adornment of chil farm is the large barn and stable of — which we give an engraving and dimensions, which will dispense with — our saying more about them, and the numerous trotting horses “Standard Bred”, of which figure 58, plate 9, shows some specimens. : The cattle are: 60 cows, grade Ayrshires Durhams, Jerseys: 41 ~ heifers, 8 bulls, 12 calves, 12 Leicester-Southdown sheep, 21 pigs, 8 “| working horses, 4 light horses (Standard bred), 4 three years old colts, 3 — two years old, 5 one year old, 9 mares in foal and 6 unweaned foals, apart J from two stallions and a group of other horses, all thoroughbred (Stan- — i] dard bred), kept in the colonel’s stables at Stanbridge Hast, and on | another pasture farm. These horses are of good pedigree, several have ‘excellent records and are worth prices of which specialists alone can judge. Mr. Bell, the superintendent of the farm, grows about 27 acres of hoed — | crops, of which 23 are in corn for fodder. ) Mr. Gilmour has a sugary of 750 trees, which is provided with an — improved evaporator. ' On the farm there are 3000 yards of tile drains and great improvements a in the way of stone clearing. : Mr. Bell uses 2 tons of Victor fertilizer on the senaswel The results are found satisfactory. Not to say more, Lt. Col. Gilmour’s farm is one of the finest properties | | in the Eastern Townships, and had it not been for uncontrollable cir- ~- 803 cumstances which have hindered perfection in several details, the agricul- tural merit (according to the programme) of the competitor would have been several points higher. However, we can state that the work in question has not gone backward : on the contrary, noticeable improvements have been effected since the last competition. The following figures and references and the table of points com- plete the useful information that we are able to give. FIGURES AND REFERENCES FIG. 54 (plate 8). View of Col. A. H. Gilmour’s barn and stable (Manor Stock Farm), north front showing entrances, doors and gangways, with a load of corn carried to the ccra cutter in operation and the octagonal silo (fig. 56). v ee eee Small at = Sofirr net terre wee ee eee eee ee neers 102" oon Sas & ceweeewe sen us eects sup oe eee - G9 + ate wre ese Horizontal plan of the cow stalls in the basement of the barn; (aa) Passages at the animal’s heads, (bb) Passage in the rear ; Ae er rs 304 III 4 (cc) Double stalls ; (dd) Box-stalls ; (ee) Box-stalls with iron doors ; (/f) Cross passages ; (g) Stairs leading to upper stories, in the barn proper ; (h) Water pump worked by wind mill ; wide's (57-2 Bese n| Dn cases cow see sce fhe aeesee YU isu FIG. 56 Ground plan of the barn or upper story : (a) Shed on a level with stable, divided into three apartments for cattle ; (bb) Gangways and entrances to barn : (cc) Threshing floors ; Sn a ae ee ee ee me PLATE 9 Fig. 59. Holden & Vincent’s farm. Fig. 62. Holden & Vincent’s farm.—Cows in stable. 305 (d) Threshing room used for storing the implements and cutting the corn intended (f) Octagonal silo newly constructed ; (g) Stairs leading to the wind-mill tower. Fig. 57 (plate 8), View of corn ensilage on Colonel Gilmour’s Manor Stock Farm, and of some of his ‘servants at work.—Ohio two horse machine,—variety of Cuban Giant ‘corn, large cobs of bright grain of 16 to 22 rows, stalks 10 to 12 feet in height. ry t f - t tuk 4 for the silo. | (ee) Hay lofts; f | H Fig. 58 (Plate 9). Group of horses Standard bred, amongst which are the trotting mare “ Lady Onward ” having a record of 2.273 at 4 years; “ Helena Duplex ” having a record of 2.8},at 5 years. Mr. T. R. HARVAY (85.15 points, silver medal). l— bad Extent of ground: 100 acres —Area under cultivation: 67 acres; _ pasture not fit for ploughing: 33 acres: Land hilly, exposed to the north, rocky in places but of a good composition and of good quality; excellent soil for orchards and small fruits, suited also for all other crops. 4, (i Dove, > A The whole portion of this farm capable of cultivation.is drained, the largest portion of the drains is made of stones taken from the surfaceTof the ground and a portion of wood. There are also fifteen hundred yards of stone fence drained underneath. The system of cultivation followed is good and*constitutes intelli- gent farming under the circumstances. Mr. Harvay applies manure to the hoed crops and meadows immedi- | ately after harvesting the hay. The fields are in good order and the crop _ is fairly good : 8 acres of hoed crops, 4 being corn for ensilage, earned the % maximum points. Mr. Harvay applies himself to growing the latter { NARS Ae LI IE crops well in order to obtain greater returns and the most improving effect possible. 20 306 +. lt A good orchard of 3 acres, a fruit and kitchen garden of about 4 acre — and several forest trees embellish the farm and increase its value. Buildings.—House somewhat old in appearance from the outside, 60 — x 26, part brick, part stone, but good, well divided and very well furnished, — offering all the comfort wished for in a good farm house. The other farm buildings have nothing superior on the whole to what has been pointed out for other competitors. The barns and stables — are in the same building, measuring 52 feet in length by 42 in width, and ~ 24in height. The barn is built on the side ofa hill. Like a great many other barns built on this plan in the east, above the stables there isa — tee threshing floor or middle space below the upper threshing flour, through © which the grain and fodder are brought in. The stable has double stalls — and the method of tethering is by ordinary chains. Clear water from a_ spring constantly flows in,a trough The bottom of the mangers is paved ~ in brick laid with cement, which we consider-a good plan. It is well ventilated and lighted and the alleys in front and in rear of the cattle are — wide. But there is the drawback of using barrows for clearing out. *. . . ‘ A wooden silo presenting no noteworthy feature stands in rear of © the stable with which it communicates. A bridge of stone and wood leads _from the top of the hill to the upper threshing floor of the barn. We observed a grain shed with a rat proof drier for Indian corn. The — latter, in particular, is paved in brick and has wire gratings There isa spout under each grain compartment, allowing the grain to drop down from above when necessary. The implements are kept in the basement of — this building which is probably the best of the kind we have seen. The piggery, which is spacious, is under the vehicleshed and commun” icates with a large compartment built of stone in which the food for the swine is prepared ; a spring of clear water flows constantly in this compartment. ee ae 307 There is another piggery under the stable where the horse dung is ‘mixed with that of the swine. This is a praiseworthy practice, for it contributes to the improvement of both manures, one by the other. By “this process Mr. Harvay gets plenty of good manure which enables him to thoroughly fertilize his meadows and fields of Indian corn. We found on this farm the best solution of the problem of preparing and treating ‘manure. i Amongst the implements which are sufficient in number, we observed 2 double mould-board plough with a seat, which certainly has the advan- ‘tage of making the driver’s work less fatiguing. ) Stock.—At the date of our visit we found six good draught horses, a fairly good herd of Jerseys, thoroughbred and grade, some grade _Ayrshires and some head of grade Durhams; 26 milch cows, 1 bull, 10 heifers and 6 calves. We found 24 swine inthe piggery mostly pure ‘Berkshires and some pure White Chesters. Mr. Harvay had sold a good many previous to our visit. He is a remarkable breeder and feeder of hogs and seems to make it pay best when roots and farinaceous vege- tables are plentiful and cheap. He also raises a good many Plymouth fowl. Food of Swine.—Boiled roots and ground grain mixed with skim-milk. In summer skim-milk and dry ground grain dropped on the surface of the milk. Food of Cows.—Mr. Harvay gives grain to his cows allthe year round, “When dry they get two quarts of bran twice a day ; after calving 2 quarts of Indian corn and oats ground together and two quarts of bran also twice a day. The manure is hauled in winter and piled in heaps on the field to be ‘used in the spring. Besides the hoed crops Mr. Harvay gives a top- ‘dressing of manure to 10 or 12 acres of meadow every year. He also uses some bushels of ashes and a ton of chemical fertilizers on the vegetables. Ashes are chiefly used in the orchard and fruit garden. His crops also ‘get a good dressing of manure. resi 308 —— In connection with his system of farming which consists in keepi n a large herd of cattle and swine, in collecting large quantities of manure © and in growing coarse fodder, Mr. Harvay buys bran, ground grain, and even straw. ‘ The statement he gives in his application shows his operations for the year 1900-1901, from July to July: i Receipts. j 127 fat hogs and others...cisisic. Hack eens) ies shee, vie Sete sb $1766 28 Oss Tran creamer yiths 6 ee 25, Git enee - $1095 60 j Value of skim-milk for calves.......22ssscseeeeeseeer ‘aeaeere 42 00 : Total trom Garry » ius: o..-ceeseree eae mae a 1137 60° Total from cow-stables and piggery....... $2903 88. Less cost of fodder purchased : PER AE re csc Gc ckeneth oc dea cead Ni Coneeethiaytendede natant taden ver $102 00 © Oats.....0.3. Pin ee 8 te Sp Te pete St fee ee i 60 00 GOW NE: STAIN «6c. .00 01 ccedcedcesen/ or) sensaciooapecune, cdaenvel oeeeas 40 00 GTi Mavi t A sisck GLE i Lota aioe ete eee eee ace eee 57 00 Peet tar COTM 225. Sonct! Ross ee S iE he dSeamhea Gooey oes 100 00 DG COT TUCAL .secevces sarc ssbuche accucnsth eéees eer eaeiaeen 25 00 DUTIES? Co ocacwen ccaseudtave sean ube ce ven ee cerca EcEA acads nna 54 00 488 00 Balsiasaccd osiess cits tesase $2465 88 Had it not been for the bad weather which prevented the artist attached to the Commission from going to Mr. Harvay’s, we should have had the satisfaction of publishing an interesting view of his pretty and picturesque farm. Nevertheless we think we have indicated the beat points of this competitor and we are happy to say that he has obtained the silver medal and to acknowledge him as a worthy laureate in this competi~_ tion. . 309 MESSRS. HOLDEN & VINCENT, 86.90 points, silver medal). Messrs. Holden & Vincent’s farm contains 317 acres of land: 65 being ploughed,130 in unploughed pasture and 120 in wood-land. The cultivated portion is situated on the upper south western and north western slope of a hill and the soil is a sandy clay, apparently very fertile. It is excel- lent soil for fruit, Indian corn and vegetables, The owners of this farm have striven to take advantage of the properties of the soil and climate to add to the crops generally raised for the production of milk and pork; a horticultural department of rather considerable extent, comprising a great variety of plants and divided into three parts: orchards, small fruit or fruit garden and kitchen garden All these tend to demonstrate Mr. Vincent’s horticultural talent but the lack of laborers and illness have prevented him from keeping all his crops in perfect condition. Apart from this the general system of farming is pretty much the same as Mr. Harvay’s: a large herd of Jerseys and grade Jerseys; many swine (33); a large area of hoed crops (11 acres) 10 being in Indian corn, perfectly cultivated and deserving 100 °%, of the points with 8 acres of wheat and 23 of oats. Like Mr. Harvay, Messrs. Holden and Vincent buy bran, cotton seed, meal and other coneentrated foods and they sell butter, eggs, poultry, hogs, vegetables, fruit, &c. They make plenty of manure by mixing the horse dung with that of the swine, carrying the former to the piggery. Fe The manure is carted in winter to the fields to be spread on wheat and oats at seed-time in the spring. For the hoed crops from 1} to 3 tons of composite chemisal fertilizers are used apart from the potatoes which are manured with a compost made up of fowl dung, ashes, Jime, salt and plaster. There is no doubt that these fertilizers are good for the potatoes, but by mixing in advance lime and unleached ashes with fowl dung causes a loss of ammonia or nitrogen and the manure acts chiefly through 810 3 —— its mineral elements. It would be better to mix these things at the |} moment they are to be used. ; a The orchard is manured with cow-dung but we were not told the | reason for this. The frnit in the garden is manured with horse and cow-dung, ashes and commercial fertilizers. The tillage and drainage work were found good. é 4 The farm is drained throughout ; there are 350 perches of stone drains: and 80 perches of stone fences. The stones removed from the soil are also used for foundations and embanking, etc. . ba At the time of our visit there were on the farm 36 cows, 16 heifers, — 3 bulls and 5 calves. All these are thoroughbred and grade Jerseys; 17 | Shropshire sheep, crossed ; 33 good swine; 5 draught horses and a good and numerous flock of white Plymouth Rock fowl. Last year, Messrs Holden & Vincent were compelled to slaughter 55 head of Jersey cattle which were suffering from tuberculosis andin Jf order to make up their herd were obliged to purchase cattle inferior to those they previously had. 7 In 1895 their old herd had yielded 2723 lbs of butter per cow. Food of Swine :—After weaning. sweet skim milk with bran and meal; — at the age of 4to 5 months an equal quantity of Indian corn meal is J added. | Food of Cows :—The cows are wintered on good hay ; abouta month — before calving they are given from 2 to 4 quarts of wheat bran ; after — calving 3 quarts of bran, 1 quart of Indian corn meal and half a pint of — cotton seed twice a day. On the first of July they begin to get bran and — Indian corn meal and cotton seed and on the first of August, green Indian corn with mealy substances and this is kept up as long as they give milk. | 311 Buildings :—First class house, water supply, sink, cemented creamery, hand centrifrigal, good plant, &c., &c. Barn and stable first class (see = 60) with paaéd uct and water-tap, &c. The piggery obtained the maximum number of points. ee de” adn The sugary contains 1300 maples and an evaporator from Reynolds of Frelighsburg. 1 | . All the other buildings, without being absolutely perfect from an _ architectural and economical point of view, are sufficiently numerous, _ good and comfortable. . The principal orchard contains about 150 good trees in full bearing - _ There is also a young orchard whose trees do not bear vet. : The kitchen garden contains a great variety of vegetables for home consumption and for the market. The fruit garden contains vines, several kinds of currant and gooseberry bushes, asparagus, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, &c., &c. On the whole, Messrs Holden & Vincent belong to the class of advanced and enterprising farmers who know how to derive every benefit from the natural richness of their soil and the advantages of the site of their farm. They have earned enough points to obtain the silver medal. 312 ee P FIGURES AND REFERENCES. FIG. 59 (Plate 9) General view of Messrs Holden & Vincent’s farm taken at a distance, on the north west, from a hill on the road leading to Cook’s Corner. A valley extends from the hill on which the farm stands and that from which the view is taken. sere enOereer oe ce cong rere eee fee FIG. 60. Horizontal plan of Messrs Holden & Vincent’s cow-stable : (a) Central alley 5’ feet wide ; (b) Concave space for manure (See a fig. 61): (cc) Fodder traps: (dd) Double stalls ; (ee) Spouts for grain and meal ; (#7) Ventilators. FIG. 61. Section of a stall in the above stable, half the width of the building : (a) Concave space for manure; (1) (6) Deal serving as the front of a manger (there is no manger properly so ealled); ) Trough made of deals bolted to post of frame-work ; (d) Half width of central alley ; (ee) Pavement in cemented concrete ; 19 3 RC \ pr ateon rare ott : q i ic SeEe a Ef eee i WLLL) y 7 YH Yi Z Y / OODLE Ke M{[CGQs Ss NG ‘ eo . Ao SSS SSS SSSSSSSSSRSSSSSSSSSGGSSGGSSSSSCGISGS SSSA SS SSSSSISSSSS SSS SSS SSS 4 N > 314 (f) Stone foundation. _ (1) The fact of the manure remaining for several days in winter in rear of the cattle In a helps to diminish the Jabor of cleaning the stable, but we do not consider this a good practice ‘from a hygienic standpoint as regards the health of the animals. Who knows whether the tuberculosis that caused such dire ravages in their herd was not promoted by this ? FIG. 62 (Plate 9) View of a portion of Messrs Holden & Vincent’s herd, near the stable at the milking hour. The herd consists of thoroughbred and grade Jerseys. Mr JOHN BUTLER (91.40 pts silver medal.) Mr. Butler was born on the farm, which he entered in the competi- tion. He has improved it in every way by draining, stoning, levelling, fencing in stone and iron wire. the erection of buildings, including the fine barn-stable which constitutes its chief ornament and of which we publish a picture (fig. 65, pl. 11), and the planting of fruit and forest trees, which, in summer, impart to his farm the appearance of a hermitage buried in verdure. The area of the farm is 260 acres, of which 120 are under tillage, 80 in unploughed pasture and 60 in bush. The orchard covers about 2 acres. The land, which slopes towards the north west, is of good quality, although lacking in depth in some spots and somewhat springy in others. The effective drainage works and the fine cropping, however, enable Mr. Butler to derive a good income from his farm. System.—As under analogous conditions elsewhere, a system on a fodder basis with the keeping of dairy cows, is followed by Mr. Butler and seemed to us to be good. The principal fences in wire and stone, especially along the avenue leading to the farm, are thoroughly well made. The dwelling house is well located and provided with all the comfort. desirable (See fig. 64 pl. 10). | The stable and barn are a model of their class (See fig 65 pl. 11). All ee > Cea ape” PON "=m : 315 the other buildings shown (fig 63) are well covered with first class mate- rials and in good condition. The stock of implements is complete and good. The manures are all well employed. Perfect order reigns in all the departments. The works of improvement to the soil consist especially in 450 perches of well built stone fencing, in ditches carrying off the waters of the springs at the foot of the hills, covered drains, levelling Xc., which cost many months of labor. The sugary, most of which is in the vicinity of the house, and includ- ing other groves situated a little further on, contains 1700 maples and is worked skillfully and intelligently. It is provided with a building of 30’ x 20’ and a brick furnace, with evaporator. The sap collected from the maples in barrels is discharged into a reservoir by means of pipes. The maples are large, sound and thick. Mr. Butler has recourse to green manuring, ploughing in buckwheat and clover. He has obtained good results from this, but he prefers the Bradley phosphate, of which he uses a couple of tons a year applied to the Indian corn and potatoes and sometimes to the meadows. He finds the use of this fertilizer profitable. The forest tree plantations comprise one hundred fine maples, elms &c., along the avenue and around the house. This farm has the advantage of being supplied more than many others -with excellent and abundant springs of good water, which has facilitated the laying down of an aqueduct to the house and yards. Stock.—Grade Ayrshires, 27 milch cows; 1 grade and 1 thoroughbred bull, 13 heifers, 4 calves and 3 oxen. The pigs to the number of 15 are Chester White, thoroughbred and very good. . The cropping was good and all the grains and vegetables were clean. 516 The Indian corn especially, to the extent of 8 acres, and the potatoes (1 acre) were admirably well cultivated. The rows of the Indian corn, 8 rowed yellow variety, were spaced at 31 feet. The yield, according to a report, since received, has been heavy and the quality superb. We also remarked 2 acres of very fine wheat, besides 3 acres of barley and 8 acres of oats, which merited 100 in 100 points. The orchard, containing 170 grafted trees, was bearing a good crop for the year. The characteristic note, which our observations led us to emphasize in favor of Mr. Butler, involves his admirable spirit of order, his ingenuity and his agricultural ability. Everything is in its place and the whole is calculated to save time and labor. The barn and waggon shed are supplied with pulleys and cables for lifting waggon boxes and bodies, which a child, alone and without exer- tion, can remove with the aid of these apparatus. Regarded as a whole Mr. Butler’s farm is comfortable, picturesque and attractive in every way, wherefore Mr. Butler had no difficulty and winning his 91.40% points, which will give him the satisfaction of being decorated with the silver medal of agricultural merit. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. FIG. 63. Plan of the installation and relative arranement of the buildings, orchard, etc., of Mr. J. Butler’s farm. (a) Tree-lined avenue debouching on the Sweetsburg road ; (b) Barn-stable (V. fig. 65, pl. EH) ; (c) Waggon and lumber shed 80 x 24; ( arn for hay, 30 x 36 ; (e) Watering Place, (V. fig. 68) ; J) House, main block, 26 x 36 ; Fig 63 318 (g) Kitchen and 24x 40; (h) Wood shed (i) Piggery, 30 x 26: (j) Water closet : (k) Brick ash house, covered ; (1) Horse stables, workshop and feed-room ; (m) Harness room 12 x 12; (n) Grain shed, 12 x 16; (o) Shed for tools etc., 25 x 18 ; (p) Aqueduct ; (q) Sugar house, 24 x 56: : ; 3 (rr) Maple bush ; (s) Garden ; (tt) Orchard ; (w) Forest trees and some apple trees. N. B.—There is also a building not shown for smoking meats. N Fig. 64. (plate 10.) - View of the dwelling house (1), of the kitchen and wood shed (2), of the maples in 4 front of the piggery (3), of the sugar house (4), of the brick ash house (5), of the stable (6), of the shed (7), of the aqueduct (8), and of the maple grove close by. Fig. 65 (Plate 11). View of Mr. Butler’s barn-stable taken from the south-west. Fig. 66 Horizontal plan of the stable under the barn : a) Centre passage of 12 feet. bb) Rear passage of 8 feet. ( { (ec) Double stalls. (dd) Gutters. (ee) Manure traps opening into the manure pit or cellar underneath. ( f) Open compartment under the entrance to the barn used as a shelter for © animals or implements. Ce PLATE 10 ‘SSULP[INg Wavy s,190¢ Dee | =" aS o “ty, ek ipt%, tating bbe PO oe a ve ae ares f f ; rt t , 4 ! f - Fig. 66 (g) Lodging for animals and implements (8S. fig. 65 (1) pl. 11.) (h) Gangway in stone leading to the barn. (ti) Fodder traps 4 x 4 in the ceiling and serving as ventilators conducting to the central FIG. 69 (plate 11). View of Mr Butler’s herd of cows in a corner of the farm yard to the west of the dwel- ling house, the western gable of which can be seen. COUNTY OF STANSTEAD. The county of Stanstead is regarded as the most interesting county in the Eastern Townships as well by reason of the wealth of its soil and of its inhabitants, as of the charms ofits climate and scenery. The enchanting shores of Lakes Memphramagog and Massawippi are marked by numerons summer resorts which are frequented during the fine season by _ hundreds of rich families from the United States and Canada. These _ groups of floating population and the small manufacturing towns of the region constitute consuming centres which greatly benefit the farmers, who, thus, find a remunerative market at their doors. Consequently, the _ prevailing comfort and prosperity are manifest in the smiling aspect of the pretty, weil built farm-houses and farms which are so abundantly met with in this county and in the fine roads bordered with agreeable plantations of maple trees and so constantly in use by the carriages of the many tourists. 7 aa The competitors in this county were Messrs Calvin Charles Manning, 21 322 of Magog, Erastus P. Ball, of Rock Island, (competitor for the gold medal) John Curtiss, of Stanstead ; J. V. Corliss, of Barnston (for the gold medal) J. Nelson Cushing, of Dixville ; James Greer, Smith A. MacKay, of North | Hatley, and Geo. W. Reburn, of Massawippi. Mr. CALVIN CHARLES MANNING (5 miles south of the town of Magog on the west side of Lake Memphramagog.—-77.85 pts, bronze — medal.) Area of the farm :—200 acres ;—area under tillage, 60 acres ;—in un- — ploughed pasture, 75 acres ;—in bush, 65 acres ;—in orchard, 2 acres a in garden 100’ x 40’. } Nature of the soil:—In general sandy, a little more substantial and — fertile on the plateaus, naturally covered with many silicious stones, land ~ easily exhausted and requiring pretty frequent manuring. Top-dressing the meadows with manure appears to be essential to prolong their duration and increase the yield of hay. The meadows which we visited were rather thin. The permanent pastures in the woods and the - clearings were good enough and provided in abundance with excellent water. The tillage is sufficiently good. Mr. Marning applies his stable manure to the Indian corn and potatoes, putting it in the rows, and to the grain by mixing it with the soil. It seems to us that it would be better ; to spread it on the surface of the meadows during the first or second year of their formation, as is done with marked success by other competitors . under analogous conditions. He uses 500 to 600 its a year of chemical © fertilizeis with a basis of potassium coming from the United States; but } he now prefers to make manure from his pigs to purchasing chemical fertilizers, the results of which are not sufficiently apparent. This is due, perhaps, to the fact that these fertilizers do not contain the elements of which the soil stands in need: humus and nitrogen and, may be also, phosphoric acid. The cropsin general might be better; but the hoed crops were good. 7 Buildings —The dwelling house is a fine large two story structure x 323 ———————————————————“—_lcoOoOoOoo—O OEE elegantly built, with bay-windows, verandahs and good dependencies, _ cellar in two divisions, dairy &c. It is well divided and furnished and supplied with all the necessary improvements. It more resembles a rich suburban villa than a farmer’s house. Further, this fine dwelling has the advantage of being pleasantly located on the road which skirts the lake in one of the prettiest spots in the province, which is far from detracting from its value, The barn, 28 x 50, like many others in the Eastern Townships, is high with a double upper transverse threshing floor and an intermediate _ space between them, with the stable underneath. There is nothing noteworthy as regards the remainder and the other buildings. The garden is good in vegetables. The orchard, containing 175 to 200 trees, not .all of which are well pruned, and some of which are still young, did not come up to the maximum of points. 91 trees, 75 of which are maples, planted along the roadside constitute an improvement and a meritorious embellishment of the property. Improvements to the sotl_—Although there are still a good many heaps of stones in the fields, Mr. Manning nevertheless possesses the merit of having done enough stoning work to build 200 perches of stone fencing and 200 perches of stone drains, which work well. As regards the book-keeping, Mrs. Manning claims that the accounts of the farm are kept as business people should keep them, but she was unable to exhibit her good book-keeping to the judges, who could see nothing but memoranda. The herd of grade Durhams has no superior points which call for special mention. It comprises 21 cows, 8 heifers, 1 bull and 4 calves. There are also 3 pretty good working horses, 1 colt, and 22 good cross. bred pigs. ; Mr. Manning is provided with a hand creamer and makes his own butter on the farm. He sells it at 20 cts per package of 1 lb. wrapped in parchment paper. He has a contract at this price for the whole season. The splendid fresh water from a never-failing spring greatly favors the manufacture of superior butter. Mr. Manning sold $510 worth in 1900. This competitor has the merit of laboring for the improvement of his property by clearing and the other works above mentioned and, by this fact, for the increase of the real wealth of the country, which, for this ser- — vice, owes to him, as to other workers in the agricultural field, a realdebt — of gratitude. ? Mr. ERASTUS P. BALL (94.60 pts. V. G. E. M.) (Class of Amateur Agriculturists) Ke Mr. Ball, being a practising veterinary surgeon, is not a professional | farmer, but not less does he personally manage, with the science of an ~ agriculturist and the skill of a practician who understands his business, — his fine farm of 400 acres, on which he has his residence on the outskirts of the village of Rock Island. His dwelling is rather a seigniorial manor — surrounded by a park than the abcde of a farmer (. fig. 71 pl. 12). As regards the farm buildings, figure 70, plate 11, sufficiently indi- cates thatjthey are first class and deserve the 7 points allowed by the programme. There isa silo and the economical laying out of the interior is. — good. The barn stable, shown in figure 70, pl. 11, measures 150 x 53’ x 22’ of post, with a longitudinal upper threshing floor and good horse and cow stables and piggery underneath. The stable is well lighted and contains numerous box-stalls, cows tethered to an improved moveable bar—separate cribs between each cow—manure and vegetable cellars. In addition, there are waggon, implement wood and grain sheds, a wood ~ working shop well fitted out with tools, ete. | The farm is a magnificent undulating domain situated between the Rock Island river and the international boundary line. The soil is light. but substantial and deep, only slightly rocky, fertile and easily drained, having a slope from north to west towards the river. It is maple and : elm land. A few small tracts somewhat low, are wet and require draining, | which moreover is easy and relatively inexpensive at such points. P Of the 400 acres, there are only 200 ploughed. The other 200 acres. are half in permanent pastures and half in bush. . The system which appears to be essential on this farm and which iis moreover followed by Mr. Ball is a mixed tillage, with cattle. | The division of the land under the circumstances is good, although _ all the fields are not divided by fences. The great extent of permanent pastures does not necessitate this division. The crops as a whole were fine all over; the hoed crops, however, which are numerous—21 to 22 acres—and well laid out, might have been cleaner. Mr. Ball, who owns a good silo of 14’ x 32’ in height, with a cemented stone bottom, raises 17 acres of fodder Indian corn and several acres of roots ; beets, carrots, Swedish turnips &c. A large pasture on the hills, however, was scant on account of drought and age and would need harrowing and manuring. Mr. Ball practises the following rotation : Ist year: Fodder Indian corn, oats, potatoes, beans, green fodders ; Qnd year: Mixture of grains, wheat, barley, roots ; 8rd year: Clover and timothy ; 4th year: Clover and timothy ; | 5th year: Timothy meadow ; We venture to observe that the roots would seem to us to be better placed on the first division instead of the oats. The ploughing varies in depth from 6 to 8 inches. Several fields are drained with stones, at least 420 yards in all. The droppings from the cows and the horses are mixed together in the mauure cellar, and then carted to the field where they are spread and turned under in the fall, as far as possible for the hoed crops. Mr. Ball 326 also lightly manures his meadows after the removal of the hay crop by adding several bushels of ashes to the acre. He states that he uses 150 | bushels a year in this way. He manures and ploughs twice in the fall the kitchen garden, which | he again ploughs and harrows in the spring. Mr. Ball employs on 7 acres 400 ibs of the Victor chemical fertilizer from Capelton, as a test, and claim that for his land this fertilizer is not equal to stable manure. He ~ sometimes also does green manuring, such as ploughing in buckwheat. Mr. Ball’s book-keeping seemed complete as far as it could be for the needs of his operations ; cash book, book of works, register of services, dairy book, ledger, etc. The stock of implements is complete and good. The land improvements consist in stoning, water-course making, levelling, &c., &c. The forest plantations, which form a kind of handsome park before and around Mr. Ball’s dwelling house, comprise several hundred fine trees. Mr. Ball also works a sugary of 1000 maples with an improved evaporator. The orchard is pretty large and well filled with fine young trees. The kitchen garden is well filled. We shall not refer to the flowers and beautiful lawns that surround Mr. Ball’s residence. » | Stock.—Horses : 1 stallion of trotting strain, with a 2.20 record ; 4 — brood mares, two of light and two of heavy breeds ; 6 working Clyde — horses ; 3 colts of 3 years and 2 of 2 years old of light breed, 4 yearling ~ colts, two light and two heavy, and one foal of light breed. | The Commission had ocular proof tnat Mr. Ball owns good horses. PLATE I2 Fig. 71. E. P. Ball’s farm.—House and dependencies. Fig. 73. Road to Stanstead Plain rp . — — 4 —_< ao - 5 Ste a) 4 bab. sc > eee 327 Horned Cattle. 4 bulls, 80 cows, 20 yearling heifers, 10 calves, all of the pure Jersey breed, registered. Pigs. One Berkshire boar, three White Chester sows and 15 young grade pigs. If the number of pigs is not large compared with the extent of the farm, it is because Mr. Ball sells his milk. He sold, he says, $1500 worth in 1900. Mr. Ball is at the head of the laureates of bis class and, if he isa gen- tleman-farmer, he none the less carries on good practical agriculture and is not less useful to the country. Wherefore, we recommend that he be granted a diploma of Very Great Exceptional Merit. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 70 (plate 11.) View of Mr. E. P. Ball’s farm-buildings, Rock Island, showing in the back ground of the picture on the opposite plateau the village of Stanstead Plain. Fig. 71 (plate 12.) View of Mr. Ball’s dwelling house and dependencies. Fig. 72. Arrangement of Mr. Ball’s house and dependencies. (a) House ; (6) Kitchen and wood-shed ; (c) Waggon shed ; F (d) Privies : (e) Poultry house ; (f) Horse stable, formed of box stalls for loose horses ; (g) Coach-house ; (h) Harness-room, ete. 328 a t,o poige te P ayer i We : ey eee es ee ee eeees eee) oe eee es Pees 60 gp 2 Ls 4 38 ~~ 33 a ©. | ' : ‘ i | ale : = | y ; ‘ St , Fig 72 Fig. 73 (plate 12.) View of the Stanstead Plain road, bordered with rich groves of maple and orchards. charming villas and lawns decorated with flowers, etc. This road, which is very clean, very fine and well levelled, is slightly rounded off and provided with good lateral drains These handsome borders of the national trees are common in the Eastern Townships ; Cowansville, Sweetsburg, Compton, East Hatley and other places are agreeably adorned by them. May it please God to generalize throughout the province this artistic taste for plantations and property embellishment: our charming country would further enhance its beauty and value thereby. MR. JOHN CURTIS (78.60 pts. bronze medal). Extent: 320 acres; Undertillage: 165 acres; in unploughed pasture: 55 acres ; in bush: 100 acres; in orchard } acre; in garden: 20 square perches. System semi-pastoral; dairy and beef cattle, sheep, pigs &c. Little ploughed tillage: only 10 acres of a mixture of grains, 1 acre of green fodders ; 2} acres of fodder Indian corn; # acre of potatoes; } acre beets, 1 acre turnips, } acre Swedish turnips: all these crops merited the maxi- mum of points, that is to say, they were very good. 329 eee — — — = = ———— The dwelling house, 30 x 40, is very good and well provided with the economical conveniences seen on all good farms. . The other farm buildings are not first class, with the exception ofa | good, large, well-built shed,divided into four compartments for a workshop, dairy, waggons and lumber, &c, with a grain loft overhead. Among the plant, we noticed a weighing-machine of much utility to the competitor. [ k Stock.—We noted 23 horned cattle of the Durham breed, of which 12 are milch cows, besides 2 calves; 72 good sheep, of which 11 are tho- rough-bred Cotswolds and the others Shropshire cross-bred: 7 Chester _ White pigs of good quality and 5 horses. : : Mr. Curtis seems to feed his stock well and to properly utilize their - manure. Besides the latter, he uses upon his root crops about a ton of Capel- _ ton superphosphate. The garden is very good. Ten improved bee-hives show that the - competitor does not overlook the production of what calls for the least . labor, for he lacks help. j He works a maple sugary of 1000 trees with an improved evaporator. Mr. Curtis follows a good system of book-keeping for which he was ‘awarded the total points. He states in his official application that he bought in 1900 $403.33 worth of concentrated foods and sold animal products, including the out- puts of his dairy, fruits, sugar and vegetables, to the value of nearly $1150. _ Apart from his family expenses, he would appear to have laid out only a sum of $125 for the wants of the farm. ily EOE SI A He was born on the farm, which he Mr. Curtis is now an old man. hich he improved in the course of ‘still manages through his son, and w PLAS 330 his life by some stoning and other work. Still his cultivated lot is not very rocky. The extensive system which he follows seems to be pretty rational and adapted to the competitor under the circumstances in which he finds himself placed. Mr. JOHN V. CORLISS (85.25 pts.) Competitor for the gold medal. Extent of the farm ; 300 acres. Extent ploughed; 150 acres ; Perma-— nent pastures: 100 acres; Bush: 50 acres; Orchard: 1 acre. ° Handsome farm, well tilled, on a plateau of good light land, fairly © level and comparatively free from rocks ; well divided for a pretty regular — rotation, provided with a good dwelling house and numerous and pretty — good farm buildings. The barn:stable of 90’ x 45’ x 14’ square is the chief and best of the latter. A wood-working shop and a store house for fruit — may be further noted. There is a sugary of 1500 trees and an evaporator. © sn The garden is not extraordinary ; it contains 17 improved bee-hives. The crop, without being maximum, was good. Stock.—Five working horses, one stallion and one colt (Morgans and Percherons) ; 25 grade Hereford and Holstein cows, pretty good milkers — and some very good, two heifers, ten calves, a good dairy herd, on the whole; a grade two years old bull, middling; twenty Chester White ; pigs; fifteen cross-bred sheep. The figure of 13.25 points for his animals classes Mr Corliss among the strong competitors in this department. | The competitor aims especially at the production of milk for the factory and of pork for the market. He has already resorted to green manuring with marked results and to commercial fertilizers, ‘‘Pacific Guano” for the oats, turnips, &c., as a — complement to the stable manure and he claims that the results have been paying. All the pastures are permanent; The rotation followed seemed to us to bein reality the following: 1. Hoed crops and cereals; 3. Meadows for several years; 4. cereals. ee ee ee — ate Manuring by top dressing partly on the oats and partly on the meadows. 4 ia” | Mr. Corliss purchased his land some fifteen years ago at a cost of $1,500 and has made improvements to the extent of about $2,000, in fen- cing, buildings, stoning &c. At present, particular circumstances have ed him to rent his property to a farmer, which, however, does not prevent him from overseeing its proper keeping and maintenance on a good pro- ductive footing. We refer to the table of points for the remainder and to the report on this farm made by the Commission at the last competition in this region. a Mr. SMITH A. MACKAY (80.75 pts, bronze medal). . Mr. Mackay is not a native of the locality in which he lives. He comes from St. Edouard de Napierville and owns 190 acres of land, on which he can still only plough 60 acres, the rest being iu bush and per- -manent pastures. The soil is good and skillfully cultivated. The hay and hoed crops “were good ; seven pieces of these merited the maximum of points. There is a pretty large and good orchard and a good well kept little garden, All the buildings and implements are those of a good farmer such as Mr. MacKay appears to be (V. fig. 74, pl. 12). The stock is pretty numerous; 47 horned cattle, including 15 milch sows; 5 horses (3 working and 2 colts) and 13 pigs. The general quality ‘of the horned cattle might be better ; there are, however, some good cows ; but the mingling of Jersey, Durham, Hereford and Canadian blood is, perhaps, a rather confused crossing, which does not always assure the ‘production of animals that are all excellent, either for beef or for milk. Mr. MacKay produces milk, fattens oxen and hogs, grows potatoes and other vegetables for the local market, and works with skill a good sugary of 1500 maples supplied with a first class plant. ‘ ; : 382 ‘ Mr. MacKay is a good experimentalist and makes useful tests of : chemical fertilizers. He uses some hundreds of pounds yearly, especially | on his potatoes. . In his two acre field of potatoes, Mr. Mackay had 15 to 20 well cultivated varieties growing in order to endeavor to carry off the prizes at a local competition for the greatest number of varieties, and the best, and also to ascertain which are the most profitable in all respects. As the crop of these potatoes seemed slightly phenomenal in the estimation of © the Secretary of the Commission, he caused twelve varieties of them tobe ~ dug (in September) namely: 4 hills of 18” x 36” occupying a total super- ¥ ficies of 6’ x 3’ or 18’ square feet (the potatoes being grown in rows spaced ~ at 3’ and in hills at a distance of 18’). He separately weighed each specimen and took a note of the weight. The following was the result of — his observations, (all the varieties observed being handsome and sound, ~ with very few small potatoes among them). Weight Proportion per acre. 3 of the No NAME OF THE VARIETY. : specimen The Bushels ounces A of 60 Ibs DN ERGG B06 15555 2 ides cdavsscs ass teavescweceupseneennskhe 15-12 | 38,115 635} 2 |Cornell No 1 (fine, large). .... .ese.sceceeee seeees 15- 6 37,208 620 Be ES ASU pears tunnas'sisaaelnisnpesqhkecinsauaedeien bivape 13- 31,460 5244 ANE LIRGE oc -cboewsacthacderdincutsvecremecuecd scons eee 12-14 31,157 519} SiMe ERIBSOL se incccc cee Pow ste cosente ach onarenesescs tinekeeavace 12- 8 30.240 504 RARELY CE MITEL GSS chs tax todsaewk bee new apes warelenve gen 12- 2 29,342 489 IE TNE gd in uly ob 20h alee wing oe ca temawoen ap kasd xk 12- 29,040 484 8 |Empire State (large, fime).......-.csccsecsreecseeee 12- 29,040 484 BaP MEAT SAIBGs vce nei's and crac vavomapeeesenci PEELE AE. 10- 2 24,502 4084 SP TRA, BERANE. LS. ceewtcas yar pexew rece vd enZWB oe oh Gee 10-... 24,200 4034 BPM VU MET IRIE Soc nnn as se oy'ip Svinan Tiehaywirents sa ai vara aie 8-12 21,176 353 Ee CAREY CADUILORL: | 2.000 fk spac decteeh Gattc sneaky nuedhnest 8-... 19,360 3224 AVOTREO: DEF CTO ssn. ncn spaakersecanedscobucush 28,7363 479 “Cornell” varieties, large white potatoes, weighed 12 tbs. Mr. McKay plants small round potatoes and cuts in two those of the 4 333 ‘size ofanegg. He takes his seed potatoes out of the cellar early in the spring, spreads them in the light where the germs commence to sprout large and sturdy and plants as soon as the ground is favorable. He manures his potatoes with 400 tbs of the “ Victor” fertilizer and 20 cart loads of stable dung to the acre applied at planting time. Mr, McKay certainly practises the best method to get an abundance of good potatoes and those who also do so obtain the same results. If all who planted potatoes this year in good light soil had followed the same proceeding, potatoes would be plentiful instead of being scarce. Mr. McKay also turns to particularly advantageous account a local circumstance by making maple sugar nearly all summer. The numerous American tourists like to indulge in the amusement of pic-nics at Mr, MacKay’s sugar house during the fine season. In the spring, Mr. MacKay confines himself to reducing his maple sap to syrup which he keeps carefully in order to convert it later on into candy and small squares of sugar for Americans from the South, who purchase these pro- ducts as much out of curiosity as in the light of a souvenir of Canada and this at a price which is very profitable to Mr.Mackay. This detail, and especially the first, shows that Mr. Mackay is an enterprising farmer, who understands how to make profit out of his farm and the advantages of his surroundings. FIG. (b.c.) 74 (plate 12). View of Mr. Smith A. Mackay’s house and barn, North Hatley. Mz. JAMES GREER (80-05 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Greer, who is'a new-comer in this region from the parish of St. Eustache, county of Two Mountains, has had the good luck to purchase ‘at a moderate price, in the vicinity of Lake Massawippi, a good and handsome farm of 175 acres, of which 85 are under ploughed tillage. 334 This farm is not yet completely improved; there are parts of it still needing stoning and draining which Mr. Greer proposes to carry out, but for which he has not yet had time. As he isan excellent farmer, which is demonstrated by his good — crops and his fine tillage, we have no doubt that in a few years he will © succeed in making his farm one of the finest properties in the townships. He owns a good large orchard, well stocked with fruits for the year, | a well tended garden, pretty good farm buildings and a handsome | dwelling house (V. fig. 75, pl. 13). a He has a fairly good herd of 30 horned cattle, young and old, grade — Ayrshire-Durhams, and a dozen of pigs. Although Mr. Greer has merited many good poinis, it would be tedious, as well as uninteresting to the public to go into fuller details of his works, which are not superior to those of other good competitors ; but we are convinced that Mr. Greer will not have the slightest difficulty, if he strives to any extent between this and the next competition, in win- ning the silver medal to which his talents and his natural abilities as a — farmer should entitle him. FIG. 75. (plate 18) View of Mr. James Greer’s house, North Hatley. Mr. Greer can be seen standing up near his kitchen and Mrs. Greer sitting down on the door-step. Mr. GEO. W. REBURN (87.05 pts, silver medal. Mr. Reburn isthe son of the late Mr. W.A. Reburn, formerly, of Sainte- Anne-de-Bellevue, the great Jersey cattle breeder. He owns a large, fine, good farm of 300 acres on the slope of aslightly inclined plateau near Lake Massawippi. This farm wes acquired for a sum far beneath its real value. The soil is of good quality, pretty well drained by good water courses and rather extensive drainage works. It also includes large thoroughly stoned PLATE 13 Fig. J. Greer’s farm.—House and dependencies. a | on Fig. 78. G. W. Reburn’s farm.—Jersey herd. —s 67 335 _ stretches, the stones being utilized for fencing. The crops are sufficiently numerous and well tilled. The output, though inferior co some others remarked elsewhere, is nevertheless good pn the whole. The dwelling house is first class, pleasantly situated, and the farm buildings are also first class. Figure 76, plate 13, gives an idea of the aspect of the farm and the buildings, which are its principal ornament. There are orchards, the quality of which is not superior, but Mr. Reburn has planted before his house a young orchard which promises well both for ornamental and bearing purposes. Mr. Reburn cultivates the taste inherited from his father for Jersey cattle, of which he has a pretty numerous thoroughbred registered herd, among which we noticed a goodly number of beasts of apparently superior quality. Figure 78, pl. 13, shows some specimens taken on the pasture. Mr. Reburn also owns a big flock of Shropshire sheep, 74 in all. As Mr. Reburn has little help at his command, he follows a system which consists in the production of hay, grass, and thoroughbred animals for breeding, besides some beef cattle. He sends the milk of his cows to the neighboring factory. Notwithstanding the herculean task which the profitable working of his fine property involves, Mr. Reburn manages to keep it in general good - condition. Figure 77 gives the plan and the different divisions of the farm and, with what we have said, these show that the Commission are far from having made a mistake in awarding to Mr. Reburn, for his farm and labors as a whole, the number of points which assures in his favor the pnblic recognition of his success as a farmer and a breeder. 336 FIGURES AND REFERENCES Ftg. 76. (plate 13) General view of Mr, Geo. W. Reburn’s farm, Massawippi. we a (Wo ger): ‘ (15 acr) Sh ' . L ‘ boc woes eh ye en cers os wee ITV fa Qtr 2 ce we swe ce is sewer Plan of Mr. Reburn’s farm. (a) Bush; (c) Pasture ; (d) Sugary (1300 trees) . (e) Bush,—15 acres. (f) Grove ; (g) Pasture—2nd year; the whole field—32 acres ; (h) Swamp ; (¢) Old orchard ; ~ (j) Indian corn. (k) Oats and lentils F (7) Green fodder ; (m) Oats ; (n) Barley and oats ; (0) New land, 8 acres ; (p) Meadow, 2nd year, 3 acres ; (q) Oats and barley, 7 acres ; (7) Coarse pasture, 10 acres ; (s) Public road ; (t) Meadow, 2nd year, 16 acres ; (u) Clover, ler year, } acres : (v) Old pasture, 45 acres : (w) Natural pasture ; (z) Bush; (yy) Tile drains, 5 inches ; (2) Meadows, 2nd year ; 4 (A) Old meadow ; (B) Meadow, 3 years ; (C) Meadow, 1 year ; (D) Meadow, 3 years, 38 acres ; 22 G) Sugar-house ; H) Cedar grove ; (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Old house 50’ x 28’ ; (11) Another old house 24’ x 18’ ; (VP) Orchards ; (Sh) Shedd’s patent wire fences ; View of some of Mr. Reburn’s Jersey herd taken in the pasture. Road sign or guide, such as may be seen nearly everywhere at the intersections of roads in the counties of Stanstead and Missisquoi, and as there should be everywhere else in the province. We have very little to say about the farm of this competitor, as t ne Commission were unable to meet a single person interested in its working. But here are the principal points which may be noted : (E) Old pasture ; (F) Te 700 trees ; ( ( 338 Dwelling-house 35’ x 37’ ; Dependencies 25’ x 28’ ; Poultry and tool house ; Grain shed 18’ x 24’ ; * a Sheep-fold 30’ x 30’ ; 3 Barn 45’ x 80’ ; Stable 19’ x 80’; Hay barn 35’ x 32’ ; Ef 28’ x 28’ ; Fig. 79 (plate 138.) Fig. 79. Mr. J. NELSON CUSHING (67.35 pts. Diploma). 339 hi ll i ie i! fesse ie Mie ’ | i We 7 SH N ; \ . . Lira iy t} Hy, yf Yj RAE SENS AN asi//] hy A Wi Uf If / \ H tif Mul, Wii! ih 4 i] l 338) ge 79. (See pa Fig 7 The dwelling house appeared to be first class. The other farm build- i ther in a state of disorder and some of them were in a com- ings were ra 340 | pletely ruinous condition. On the other hand, some of the fields of the farm seemed well tilled. There was a good orchard. The herd of Guernseys and grades included some good cattle. There were 17 good Chester White pigs. The butter is made on the farm. A ram supplies. the motive power for the machinery that works the churn. | | The Commission failed to discover any superior detail deserving to be brought as a model to the notice of other farmers. j COUNTY OF COMPTON. We shall not undertake any description of the county of Compton, whose reputation as an agricultural county has !been long established — by the renown of its great agriculturists. Moreover, we were in this competition unable to visit more than the corner of the township of Clifton, which is still new and less advanced than the older and fine region watered by the Coaticook river. Stiil, the part that we visited and ~ that is peopled, chicfly by French Canadians, has made very great progress within a certain number of years and we remarked therein © some handsome farms and prosperous setilers, among others the subject of © the present report. Mr. SAM. DUMOULIN (St. Edwidge de Clifton). (88.70 pts silver medal). Mr. Dumoulin is one of the four valiant settlers whom we mentioned in the beginning of this report. He located as a squatter in 1861 on a half lot of 50 acres, for which he was able to pay only after six years. — Later on, he acquired other parts of lots adjacent to his own. There was. no road at the time and he had to carry his provisions and his stove on _ his back, a distance of 7 miles. He married at the age of 21 years, his — wife being 20 years old. Armed with boundless courage, vigorous, full of hope and ambition, he started to clear the land, which was then entire- — ly in forest. The wood was of little value at that period and, although 341 the maples were thick on his lot, he made little money and he had to live by working a little for others and upon the products from his own clearing. Without counting large stretches in bush and pasture, he now owns. _ 70 ploughed acres of good fertile land, fenced and drained. The numer- ous stones which covered his lot have been utilized for drains and fences. Still, the drainage does not work to perfection everywhere and the con- struction of the fences might be better. Nevertheless, it is surprising that Mr. Dumoulin has, in the space of 30 years, been able to carry out such extensive works, without other help than his vigorous arms and the immediate product of the soil. His farm is a little broken, but the soil is of good composition. All. the crops succeed perfectly. The following obtained 100 per cent of the points : 8 acres of oats, } acre potatoes, 3 acres Swedish turnips. The house is first class. The farm buildings are very good and numerous and the stables are well built and comfortable. We might specify the barn-stable measuring 45’ x 60’ of which (fig. 80) gives a linear sketch to show its style. The system of mixed farming, on a fodder basis, with a herd of milch and beef cows, is very good and evidently the best that could be followed by Mr. Dumoulin under the circumstances. The crops are very ciean, and the divisions and fences good enough. The manures are well employed on the hoed crops. Besides stable manure, Mr. Dumoulin uses about 1 ton of Victor fer- tilizer every year on his {Indian corn, Swedish turnip and potato crops and gets good results therefrom. - The buildings, implements and fields are in good order. Mr. Dumoulin has planted 76 young maples which in a few years will be an ornament to his property and make it the equal of the pretty farms in the older parts of the county. Stock.—Mr. Dumoulin is one of the strong competitors in cattle. He 342 owns 1 pedigree Durham bull, 2 years old, 16 Durham-Ayrshire cows, good milkers, 6 two year old heifers and 1 yearling ox, 8 two year old oxen and 14 calves, 8 good Yorkshire pigs, nearly thoroughbred, 4 working horses and 1 stallion. On the 21st June last (1901), Mr. Dumoulin had sold 12 oxen for $600 Formerly, he sold his oxen at 5 years old and later at 4 years ; now, he sells them at 3 years and they are as big as when he used to sell them at 4 years. He owes this increase of precocity to better feeding. He attributes. this progress to ensilage and Swedish turnips; but the more abundant grass, containing more clover, must also have something to do with it. It is possible, however, for him to gain another year. Improvements to the soil.— Besides the tree planting and drainage, 80 acres, already mentioned, Mr. Dumoulin has also done some levelling. Needless to say anything further to demonstrate that Mr. Dumoulin is a fine example of success in the settlement of our townships and that this success is calculated to encourage all the young settlers, who, young and vigorous, like him, are not afraid, to plunge into the forest in order to hew out for themselves a property destined to assure, with their living, their happiness and that of their children. Mr. Dumoulin is only 62 years old and still enjoys all his youthful vigor, as does also his worthy spouse, which is a proof that physical labor, commonly termed “ hardship” is not necessarily one of those things which ruin health and shorten life. The contrary is oftener remarked. Young French Canadian settlers,should imitate Mr. Dumoulin. Fig. 80. Sketch of Mr. Dumoulin’s principal barn-stable; gangway, and upper cross threshing floor ; cow stables beneath the barn. (a) Silo 12’ x 12’ high ; (6) Stable ; (c) Barn ; (ad) Gangway. caliente tech diticen ilies kee a ee 843 Fig. 80. (See page 131) COUNTY OF SHEFFORD All the competitors of the County of Shefford reside in the township of North Ely. They are Messers Edmond Robin, Joseph Phaneuf and Joseph Bissonnette, of Valcourt, John Murphy, of Dalling, and Mark Davidson and W. L. Davidson, of Bethel, the latter for the gold medal. The township of Ely is broken and rocky in places, but there are numerous flats of good land containing fine farms. _ Although the merit of the competitors of the county of Shefford is superior in some respects to that of a good number of other competitors in the present competition, on account of the clearing, stoning and other works, which were necessary to the improvement of their properties, we do not intend to dilate upon the details of their operations. We shall only note those which offer and constitute a greater instruction and greater interest for the agricultural body. They have only to consult the table of points to ascertain the degree of merit awarded to them by the Commis- sion and to take home to thmselves the same remarks and the same praise already given to the competitors who obtained the same points for the same subjects. 344 Mr. EDMOND ROBIN (79.65 pts, bronze medal.) Mr. Robin cultivates only 60 acres of the 225 which he owns. He began by purchasing a 70 acre lot 14 years ago and started to work it two years afterwards, abandoning his trade as a blacksmith on account of illness. He resolutely undertook the task of clearing and stoning the lower part of his lot. He has thoroughly improved four regular fields, which he has separated by very well made stone fences, 4 feet wide and placed ata depth of 3 feet and over in the earth with a trench beneath for drainage. These four fields have been very well cleaned up and are well tilled and productive. The soil at this place is light, but of good quality. He has made in all 15 acres of drainage, which works well. All the opera- tions show that Mr. Robin finishes well every work of improvement he undertakes. He is thus progressing surely towards the transformation of his land. Each piece, oncé improved, has not to be touched again and afterwards yields him good products. Mr. Robin has embellished the surroundings of his dwelling by planting some 18 maples. When these trees have grown large, his resi- dence will present a very attractive appearance. Mr. Robin already possesses a herd of over 30 head of horned cattle of all ages, of which 18 are large grade cows, without reckoning 21 pigs and 21 sheep. Mr. Robin’s farm buildings, without meriting the maximum of points, are good and comfortable enough to not prejudice his success, which is recognized in the township, and the Commission are happy to proclaim his merit. Mr. JOS. PHANEUF (75.20 pts bronze medal.) Mr. Phaneuf owns 161 acres of land, of which 60 are under ploughed tillage. He bought his farm 11 years ago; it was all cleared as it is to- day, less 7 to 8 acres. Since then, he has greatly improved it, not only by better cultivation and rotation, but by effective drainage work in the form of ditches and otherwise, employing for the purpose the stones taken from the surface of the soil—a useful and meritorious work which has increased the productiveness of his farm. . L 845 ‘Mr. Phaneuf uses several hundred pounds of phosphate and of the “Vermont ” fertilizer. The Commission were unable to ascertain the results produced by these manures. , a RET Mr. Phaneuf carries on little ploughed tillage ; we only remarked 102 acres of cereals, } acre of very fine potatoes, 14 acre of fodder Indian corn and a small piece of turnips and carrots. On the other hand, he had 45 acres under meadow without counting the permanent pasture. His system consists especiaily in keeping milch cows. The grade cattle apparently Ayshire, Holstein &c., included 14 cows. SM SST WNT NE De aR ES | Mr. Phaneuf states that in 1900 he sent 36,000 lbs of milk to the fac- tory and drew from it $375. He is provided wiih sufficient, although not first class buildings. He owns a good large sugary and a large orchard of several hundred trees mostly grafted. : The soil is pretty uneven and Mr. Phaneuf had to exercise the skill _ of a good farmer to derive profit advantageously from it and to make it a _ farm easier to cultivate and more productive. Like many others, he also possesses the merit of having to some _ extent within the range of his power increased the value and the wealth _ of his township Mr. JOSEPH BISSONNETTE (76.70 pts, bronze medal) t Mr. Bissonnette’s farm covers 200 acres, of which 60 are under tillage and 50 in permanent pasture. Mr. Bissonnette took up his land some thirty years ago when it was still nearly all in bush and brushwood. He began by making hemlock bark, for which there was a good demand at that time. Slee mice: teen ae The soil is of good quality, but wet in the low grounds, broken and very rocky in spots. 1 ee ee 346 Mr. Bissonnette’s chief merit is to have cleared and transformed into arable soil 35 to 40 acres of land and to have done considerable stoning and some 12 acres of drainage in stone with a continuous course. The fruits which he derives from these good works redounds to the benefit of the whole country. Mr Bissonnette’s buildings are not first class, but they suffice to enable him to get from his stock all the products they can yield. He owns a herd of 40 cows, 16 of which are grade Durham- “Holsteins: 21 grade Leicester sheep and some good pigs. Last year, if Mr. Bissonnette does not give erroneous figures, he took to the cheese factory and to the creamery 47,000 its of milk. Mr. Bissonnette’s installation is agreeable. He has close to his house, which is sufficiently good for a farmer, a large and pretty good orchard and a fine maple sugary, which he works to advantage. He also has 24 bee-hives which rank him as an apiculturist. The fruit garden contains some good currant, gooseberry and rasp- berry bushes. It is possible that Mr. Bissonnette, after a few years more work, may make his farm one of the finest in his township. Whatever may happen, he is none the less a meritorious farmer who, has contributed to the development of his locality. Mr. JOHN MURPHY (81.25 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Murphy’s farm comprises 200 acres, of which 90 are under tillage. The remainder (110 acres) are in bush and pasture, The orchard contains 1} acre. Mr. Murphy is an Irish immigrant, who came to the country with his parents in 1842. He settled in 1855 on the lot which he now owns. His land was then in forest and he had to go two miles through the woods before reaching the road to Montreal. He had no money and began by raising a few potatoes in new clearings; he then went to the United TPT seg 347 PES Se States to earn a little money, at a salary of $100 00 a year, to pay for his lot which he undertook to clear and which is now a well cultivated, ‘improved and productive farm. Mr. Murphy is at present 75 years of age, but he is still active and vigorous. He accompanied us himself over all the parts of his property with all the pride of a man showing the good fruits of his labor. Ryn ¥ ae 2 ge. ae . Mr. Murphy’s buildings, of the divisions of which we give a sketch " (fig. 85), as well as his dwelling house, are not of as great value as those of some other competitors, but they are sufficiently comfortable for the purposes of his business. As for the crops, they are well tilled and suffi- ciently clean. The potatoes and Indian corn merit 100% of the points. The division and system of tillage were good. There are 250 yards of drainage, which did not seem to be laid deep enough or to work perfectly everywhere. Mr. Murphy has done a great deal of stoning, utilizing the - material for fences. H2 has also done a pretty large amount of levelling. He uses annually about 500 lbs of compound commercial fertilizer on his potatoes His stock is pretty good and consists of 3 horses, some 20 grade cattle, including 10 milch cows, 16 grade sheep and 3 pigs. Mr. Murphy’s success and merit are unquestionab'e and he also offers a fine example to all new settlers He has not only cleared and improved his land and planted an orchard now in full bearing, besides maples for ornamental purposes, but he has lived honorably on his farm, reared his family and expended a thousand dollars to give his sons a good education. One of them now works the paternal property and another holds a good position in the offices of the Boston and Maine Railway Company in Montreal. ; We regret that the detailed statement of all the departments of the farm has not, according to the programme, given Mr. Murphy enough points to allow of our awarding him the silver medal to which his labor, courage and triumph as a pioneer settler and successful farmer ap- pear to entitle him. We are, however, happy to recommend his name to ee ee 348 the esteem and consideration of all his follow citizens as that of a man who has deserved well of his country. . % = tay) Fig. 85 Sketch of the position and division of Mr, Murphy’s farm buildings : (a) Barn; (6b) Barn and threshing floors ; (cc) Stables ; (d) Merced shed ; (e) Horse stable and barn ; (f) Enclosed dunghill. Mr. JOHN MARK DAVIDSON (75.20 pts. silyer medal) Total area of lot: 176 acres; under tillage, 80 acres—in pasture, 60 acres—in bush, 36 acres. System of cropping and division, good—Fences, pretty good; Crops suitably clean and good—Tillage well done, especially in the case of the root and other hoed crops, which are numerous and promise a heavy yield.—Drains good—ditches suitable—6 to 8 acres of drainage; some of the drains seem choked with sand, the result being that some parts of the 349 $< a land are not drained as perfectly as possible—Extensive stoning works— 4 acres of stone fence well built, foundations, embankments, &c. Very fine sugary of 1360 trees, well equipped and well worked. A pretty good, large orchard ; 13 beehives—good plantation of forest trees for the embellishment of the farm. Stable manure well employed, with a complement of 400 ths of che- mical fertilizers applied to the roots, Indian corn, &c. Buildings, pretty good, sufficient and comfortable enough to not pre- judice the results of the products of the soil. Stock: fair and well kept: 87 grade horned cattle (crosses of Ayr- shires and apparently of Herefords and other big breeds), 12 cows, 1 bull, 91 heifers or young steers and 4 calves; 42 grade sheep, 6 pigs, 4 working horses and 3 colts. A pretty large and good orchard. Mr. Davidson was born on the adjoining lot, which is the property of his father, and purchased the present farm about a dozen years since. He has improved it as already briefly noted and applies himself to cultivate it neatly and well. His Jand is not too uneven and, although rocky and full of springs in spots, is easily drained and seems to be of good quality. Although there are a good many items on which it has not come up to the maximum of points, his farm nevertheless as a whole shows that Mr. Davidson belongs to the class of advanced, enterprising and prosperous farmers and, under this head, the Commission has decided that he unquestionably deserves the silver medal assured to him by the number of points allowed. Mr. W. L. DAVIDSON (93.80 pts). (Competitor for the gold medal). Mr. Davidson, whose portrait (fig. 81, pl. 14) adorns this report, is, with Messrs Dumoulin and Murphy, one of those valiant and successful pioneer settlers, who, in spite of the programme of the Agricultural Merit 350 competition, deserve to be decorated with the gold medal, as a testimonial | to the meritorious work which they have achieved in transforming the | forest into improved, fertile and productive arable soil, in a word, into — fine, well built, well ornamented and well tilled farms, supplied with good herds and including fine large orchards and well equipped sugaries. — The photozraphs of Mr. Davidson’s house and barn and the plan of the farm, which are reproduced, indicate clearly enough the degree of advance- ment and the nature of the operations carried on to render a full special description unnecessary (V. figs. 82 and 84, pl. 14 and fig. 83). Mr. Davidson felled the first tree on his lot in 1854, when he was 22 years old. He is still vigorous and works and manages his farm like a ~ young man. His success, his education and the influence which he enjoys have won for him the honor of being called to membership in the Pro- vincial Council of Agriculture. From the 155 acres owned by Mr. Davidson, 30 acres must be deducted for the sugary and 40 acres for permavent pasture (8 and 11, fig. 83); the remainder, 95 acres, represents the cultivated area, the roads and the sites of the buildings and yards. ‘ The soil of the farm is of éxcellent quality, although rocky and fall of springs at the base of the hills. But the extensive work in stoning and draining done by Mr. Davidson has removed in great part these obstacles to good tillage. He now raises crops of roots and Indian corn which have not their superior even in the good deep soil of the valley of the St. Lawrence. He has turned to good account the fine springs of water for the use of his stock in the yards and fields and to supply the wants of his house. Attentive examination of the plan of the farm (fig. 83) and the crops shown convinces us that, taking into account the topography of the ground, the divisions and system of tillage are as good as could be desired under the circumstances. A good avenue puts all the fields into direct communication with the farm yard and the public road. The hoed crops are pretty extensive and look very well, and the 351 yield in general is excellent (29.75 pts) which shows that Mr. Davidson isnocommon farmer. The buildings are first class, as may be judged by figure 84 (pl. 14) which shows the splendid barn-stable, which, on the occasion of the Commission’s visit, was not yet completed and which promises to be a model structure ofits kind. Mr. Davidson uses his stable manure upon his root crops, Indian corn, and the surface of his meadows. He also makes use of the Bradley fertilizer, about 600 tbs a year, tor the roots and garden vegetables. Real Improvements.—Under ground drains—43 acres ; fences built with stones taken from the surface of the soil—25 acres; open ditches, well made— 13 acres ; forest trees planted—20 ornamental trees, maples, oaks, etc. | Orchard.— About 200 apple trees in full bearing. Garden.—Very good and exceedingly well cultivated, containing a great variety of vegetables and small fruits. (Fig. 82, pl. 14). Shows a part of the orchard, the trees in the garden and those ornamenting the front of the house. Stock.—Grade Ayrshire: 19 pretty good cows; 5 heifers, 5 calves, 1 bull, 8 ox:n, 48 grade Leicester sheep, whose quality might be better, 10 grade Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs and 3 working horses. Bookkeeping.—Mr. Davidson keeps books of accounts which seem . sufficient for his wants, although his bookkeeping does not come up to that of some other competitors. His balance sheet for last year shows a net profit of $649.51. These few remarks and the illustrations above mentioned suffice to show that Mr. Davidson has fully merited the 93.80 pts, awarded to him by the Commission, which rank him among the foremost farmers of the province, and that he is thus not unworthy to wear the silver medal which his success has won for him. 352 FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Portrait of Mr. L. W. Davidson, North-Ely, competitor for the gold medal, an old set tler and pioneer of his farm, aged 70 years. ‘ FIG. 82 (plate 14) View of Mr. Davidson’s dwelling house and private avenue. FIG. 83. General plan of the farm. (1) 12 acres, 16 perches.—Pasture. (2) 11 acres, 8 perches—oats, 8 acres; Swedish turnips, Indian corn for seed, and fodder Indian corn, 3 acres, 8 perches ; (3) 9 acres, 9 perches.—Meadow ; (4) 5 acres, 102 perches.—Beets, carrots, turnips, potatoes and beans, about ? acre. Balance: orchard, garden and buildings ; (4a) 3 acres, 14 perches.—Meadow ; (5) 10 acres, 101 perches.—Meadow ; (6) 6 acres, 8 perches.—Meadow ; (7) 10acres: potatoes, 1 acre; oats and peas, 53 acres; wheat 2} acres; barley 1} acre; all No.1; (8) 380 acres. Sugary—1200 large, sound trees, good sugar house, evaporator, wood shed, good road ; (9) 10 acres, 92 perches.—Pasture ; (10) 6 acres, 50 perches.—Meadow ; (11) Permanent pasture still covered with stumps; (a) Front road; (b) Side-road ; (ec) Farm avenue; (d) Farm buildings ; (e) Dwelling house and dependencies ; (f) Shed and poultry house &c. ; PLATE I4 Fig. 81. Portrait of Mr. W. L. Davidson. 353 (g) Workshop and grain shed ; (hh) Drains (dotted lines), N. B.—The black lines indicate the stone fences. View of Mr. L. W. Davidson’s barn stable. COUNTY OF ROUVILLE. We return to the zone of the hay-growing counties. The progress of the dairy industry in these counties has much reduced the tracts devoted to the growing of hay for the market ; nevertheless, hundreds off acres in meadow belonging to the same proprietors are still to be found there. This year, several of these large hay-land proprietors first took of a crop of good hay then a crop of less advanced growth, and lastly hay shelling on the staik, a loss of alimentary value which the consumer has in great part to pay for without profit and which moreover does not enrich the soil; but all our competitors belong to the class, who practise a mixed system, which is less exhausting. Those in the county of Rouville are Messrs Jonas and Joseph Théberge, of Notre-Dame de Richelieu, and g Bessette, of Ste. Marie de Monnoir. Messrs JONAS anp JOS. THEBERGE, (85.60 pts, silver medal). The Messrs Théberge are brothers by blood and in farming. They are neighbors, working two farms of the same dimensions, divided, fenced, improved and built upon in very nearly the same way. They follow absolutely the same system and the same good course of tillage. The divisions are good and in keeping with the rotation followed, but there are no roads to put all the fields in communication with the home farm. To the observation of the Commission on this head, Messrs Théberge teplied that a road was not necessary to get the heaviest crops from the farm and that it was a useless waste of ground. The competitors whose farms, supplied with good roads, are referred to in this report, are of different Opinion, on account of the advantages of another nature derived from a road. E 23 / ae “afd 5 SSSSsbsmss + ______> 10 9 ".. (60507,) (10a 924) bt (loa 1012) nee (‘Sa 102 r) 2 “i se semen © Wore (yee) chee 4, panies care co or on Their lands are in good order, well drained, well fenced and in general, well cultivated. Their stock is nearly identical in number and value. Their buildings are almost exactly the same in shape and construc- tion ; and are good, sufficiently comfortable and convenient. Their houses are also first class. Mr. Jos. Théberge surpassed his brother by. a few points in some ‘details, but the general merit of the two competitors is materially the same and their farms and crops as a whole entitle them both to the silver medal of good farmers. But we should not overlook the important fact that they owe this still very vigorous, who acquired and donated to them these two proper- ‘ties in a condition which speaks well for his knowledge of farming and ideas of progress. Let us add also to the praise of Mr. Théberge, senior, that he began his career by threshing grain for others; He succeeded well evidently, seeing that he has established his sons on the fine, rich farms of 160 acres which they occupy and work with the abilities inherited from him. Mr. LOUIS BESSETTE (76.62 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Bessette cultivates as a tenant farmer 150 acres of land comprising two lots, one of 45 and the other of 105 acres. His condition of tenant farmer puts him in an inferior position to the other competitors in order to determine, according to the scale of the com- petition programme, the degree of merit which his agricultural knowledge and abilities should enable him to attain. He cannot make upon this large honor to the talent and success of their father, an old man of 73 years, ° Caer er, . nh ag Pe Ble. 356 farm all the improvements calculated to increase its productiveness and) — to assist his talent, because they do not accrue to his sole benefit Never- theless, he does all his farming work properly and he merits speciah — mention for his bookkeeping, the maintenance of his water courses, cattle, — and general production, and, among others, for 3 acres of barley, 30 of hay and 14 of Indian corn, a small piece of peas, } acre of beets, a small — field of beets and potatoes, his garden and 35 improved bee-hives. This item of the competition proved to the Commission that Mr, Bessette is an agriculturist of merit. If we do not go into further details, it is because we have nothing to note that constitutes a matter of special instruction for the public, but — this does not deprive Mr. Bessette in any way of the merit of his energy, of his experience and of the good work he has done on a farm not his owm property. COUNTY OF CHAMBLY. The fertile and wealthy county of Chambly gave only one competitor. in the person of Mr. Edmond Trudeau, of St. Basile. bd Mr EDMOND TRUDEAU (85.05 pts, silver medal.) Mr. Trudeau cultivates 100 acres of good land, adjacent to the village — of St. Basile. We may add that he runs no less attentively an agency for © the sale of agricultural implements, which promotes his success as a farmer. We should note to his credit the items which have most contri- — buted to raise him in the scale of merit: pretty good system ; good, well ~ kept fences ; house and buildings first class, well divided, well constructed — and very well kept; manure well used ; ditches and forrows sufficient and _ in good condition ; complete removal of the stones not numerous, it is true, q but which have been well utilized; a small extent of drainage that works — well; a plantation of 30 young trees to embellish his dwelling, and the ~ PLATE I5 Fig. 86. Ed. Trudeau’s farm.—Buildings. Fig. 87. Ed Trudeau’s farm.—House. Fig. 90. Em. Roy’s farm,—sStables. Fig. 91. Em. Roy’s farm,—Road machine. 357 products generally of the farm, which are good, especially 24 acres of pasture, 56 acres of meadow, 4 acre Indian corn for seed, 1 acre of potatoes ; ‘we may mention also the garden, which is admirably neat, well cultivated and well stocked, and 22 improved bee-hives, to proclaim that Mr. ‘Trudeau understands agriculture. The cattle are grade animals, in good condition and pretty good. Besides 7 horses of different ages, including 1 stallion, the herds comprise 10 milch cows, 1 bull, 5 heifers, 2 calves, 10 good grade sheep and 5 pretty good grade pigs. The aggregate of the points gained by Mr. Trudeau give him the satisfaction of winning the silver medal of Very Great Merit. We desire to add, in order to be fair, that Madame Trudeau should wear it occasionally as a testimony to her large share of merit for the remarkable way in which her handsome well finished house, her lawn ornamented with flowers and her large and fine garden are kept. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 86 (plate 15.) View of the buildings and dwelling house of Mr. Edmond Trudeau, taken from the South-East. Fig. 87,(plate 15.) View of Mr. Trudeau’s house on the St. Basile road. Fig. 88. Details of Mr. Trudeau’s cow and horse stables : (aa) Passages ; c (bb) Cow stalls ; (cc) Box-stalls ; (c1) Poultry-house ; (d) Manger ; (e) Fodder room ; (f) Harness room ; (g) Passage to the horse stable ; (hh) Horse stalls ; (i) Manure shed ; (7) Water tap ; (k) Part of fodder barn. Section of a stall in the cow stable : (a) Passage ; (6) Gutter ; (c) Partition of the stall ; (d) Tethering Staples ; (e) Manger; Fig 88 Fig. 89. 359 Fig 89 (f) Water trough in boards and galvanized iron. (g) Horizontal board to prevent the fodder from dropping into the water. (hk) Passage at the head along the wail. COUNTY OF BAGOT The three competitors in the county of Bagot were Messrs. Emile Roy, of St-Pie, Elie Beaudry, of St. Dominique and Joseph Desautels, of St. Simon, three worthy representatives of the apicultural progress accom- plished in this county. Mr. EMILE ROY (88-25 silver medal). (Class of iat Agriculturists. ) Mr. Roy is a large proprietor, owning 5 or 6 farms, besides wood lots, village lots, grist, saw and carding mills, etc. He is also a store- keeper, all of which means that he does not live solely upon the products of his land and the fruit of his daily labor. Nevertheless, he devotes his 360 attention with praiseworthy success to the skillful and able cultivation — 4 ofa farm of 170 acres at Emileville, a small village which he has founded by ~ his industry and spirit of enterprise. The soil of this farm is in general of good quality, but when Mr. Roy undertook to work it, the land was hardly cultivable; there were parts of ; 4 it very rocky and others very wet owing to want of drainage. He dug © good ditches, laid out different divisions and, by means of cross ploughing ~ and hoed crops, he succeded in levelling the uneven parts. Three fourths — of the earth thrown out from the ditches has been removed. Forthis ~ purpose, Mr. Roy uses the road machine which he owns and which is shown at work in figure 19, pl. 15. He altered and improved the divi- sions, removed the stones from the stony spots and used the stone from the improved fields to construct fences, buildings, wharves, culverts and embankments on the road to the sugary in some swampy low grounds; ~ by means of all these well executed works, Mr. Roy has succeeded in ~ creating a productive, well divided, well drained and easily cultivated 7 : farm. a The crops this year were good, several of them obtaining the maxi- mum of points. The rotation pursued by Mr Roy is the following : Ist year: Fodder Indian corn manured. 2nd year: Peas and oats. 3rd and 4th years: Meadow. 5th and 6th years: Pasture. Mr. Roy top-dresses his meadows with liquid manure and the solid part of his manures he applies to the Indian corn which he grows ona pretty extensive scale. We visited one tract of 14 acres, which had succeeded splendidly. | As may be judged from the above rotation, the division of the land and the system of tillage are good. The farm buildings, shown in fig.(90, pl. 15, are first class and very well kept. The stock are comfortably housed in them and the work of attending to them is done conveniently and economically ; the buildings also provided with feed rooms, apparatus for the cooking and preparation 361 of fodder, silos, fodder compartments &c. Water is supplied by a hydraulic ram worked by the power of the river, The manureis kept under shelter, well looked after and well employed. The farm implements and tools and those used to make the improvements to the soil are numerous and well kept. Weremarked among them two drays for hauling stone, astoning hook, and a trenching plough from Gobeil, of St. Hyacinthe, without reckoning the famous road machine. The department which deserves more than simple mention, perhaps, is the sugary of 4000 spouts worked by Mr. Roy and which is located at about the centre of the faria. This sugary is a fine area of 50 acres in superficies, well kept, clean and worked in a way to let no branch ofa tree go to loss and to facilitate the collection of the sap in all parts of it. The sugar house measures 36’ x 20’ and has a cemented floor. It contains four evaporators, a metallic oven and all the apparatus required for the making of first class products. The evaporators are fed automatically, the collect- ing barrels are supplied with rubber pipes and the boilers hold 2 gallons and are painted inside and outside. There is a room furnishedjwith a stove and tables and beds for the men, and there is also a horse stable, besides isolated wood sheds filled with dry wood. We may state in a word that Mr. Roy’s sugary is the Jargest and most perfectly worked of all we have seen in the competition. Mr. Roy claims to derive from the working of his sugary a net profit of $200 in average years. The road traversing the sugary is a fine waggon road. Mr. Roy owns a pretty good stock of Ayrshire and grade cattle and of thoroughbred Yorkshire pigs. Heutilizes with good judgment for the feed of his animals, the waste of his grist mills by mixing it with the dry fodders and the fodder Indian corn. . Mr. Roy has planted sisi young maples to embellish the frontage of his property. The other details into which we might enter would further show that Mr. Roy is an agriculturist who understands his business and practises it 362 with judgment, but these would not be of great interest or information to the general public. To sum up, we may say that the predominating feature of Mr. Roy’s merit is to have created a fine farm out of an unproductive tract of land and to know how to derive profit from the local circumstances and condi- tions in which he finds himself. By his works and his agricultural success, he has rendered real service to agriculture and to the country. The silver medal, which is assured to him by the number of points won, will be an honorable testimonial to his services. é FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 90, (plate 15.) View of the front of Mr. Roy’s barn-stable, containing the piggeries, cow and horse stables, silos, feed rooms, &c., &c. Fig. 91 (plate 15) View of Mr. Roy’s road machine. Mr. ELIE BEAUDRY (88.05 pts, silver medal). Mr. Beaudty is a fine example of agricultural success. He started in 1870 with a capital of $300.00 and purchased his first piece of land at a cost of $1500, besides a small life rent. Later he bought two other farms and he now owes only a few hundred do:lars on one of them. He owes his increasing prosperity*to his labor, economy, good conduct and good farming. He is to-day the proprietor of 190 acres of wel! improved land, suitably furnished with houses, barns, stables, &c., planted with good orchards in full bearing, well drained, well fenced and well tilled—in fine, in an excellent state of cultivation and production. He has built, in wood and in stone, 131 acres of drains, which effect- ively drain 45 acres of land fullof springs, transformed into great plots 6 2 ae SATE ee ELITE 363 —————————————— —— — _— us acres, straightened 350 yards of water courses, levelled hills, removed and spread half of the earth thrown out from the ditches, put up many hundred yards of new wire fence, constructed a piggery of 22’ x 30’ supplied with a water pump and obiler, which serves to heat it in winter, sunk two artesian wells, repaired his cow and horse stables, &c.. &c. He has also planted 50 trees, mostly maples, along the avenue leading to his house and its surroundings. He has a very good garden well stocked with the different vegetables and fruit. A great part of the farm is of sandy composition and poor quality, but the other part is good loam suited to the growth of grains and hay. Still Mr. Beaudry, with the aid of well treated and well employed manures, manages to obtain a good revenue from his land. He uses lime and ashes to improve and enrich it with good results, especially in the case of Indian corn and oats. - Stock.—The stock is good, It comprises 4 working horses, two year- ling colts and a foal, 22 milch cows ; 2 bulls,—2 years and 1 year old ;— 9 heifers and 7 calves ; 7 sheep ; 33 good pigs. The number of well fed cows and pigs are undoubtedly the key to Mr. Beaudry’s success. Circumstances beyond the Commission’s control have prevented the reproduction of the illustrations which were to illustrate Mr. Beaudry’s fine establishment, bad weather having injured the photographs. The Commission rejoices that the silver medal, to which his number of points entitle him, assures public recognition of his merit as a farmer of progress. Mr. JOSEPH DESAUTELS (85.05 pts. silver medal) Mr. Joseph Desautels, who is still a young man and married only a few years, farms as atenanta fine level piece of land of 90 acres, belonging 364 to his father, but which he will inherit and which he works as if it were really his own property. It is a well divided, well fenced (V sketch, fig. 92) and well cultivated farm, with an excellent crop. The greater part of the land is in hay, because Mr. Desautels being alone with his young wife cannot well fol- low to advantage a system of intensive cropping. His farm is provided with many buildings which are not all first class, but which are amply sufficient for the needs of his operations. The dwelling house has numerous and handy dependencies. The stock of implements is complete enough and in good order. The book keeping is pretty good. Mr. Desautels keeps an account of his crops and his transactions. The improvements to the soil which he has carried out on a farm which does not require very many, consist in the following works: Enlargement of the plots deepening of the water courses ; construction of bridges ; fencing the garden and yards; cellar drain, artesian well in the stable, large shed for agricultural and other implements ; removal of stones; liming tests; planting of forest trees; improvement of his front road and farm avenue, etc. Mr. Desautels does not yet keep a heavy stock for the reason already specified. Nevertheless, his pretty farm as a whole, the state of his crops and works and the reasoning power manifested by Mr Desautel in his farming and other operations, have won for him the number of points requisite to obtain the silver medal. Fig. 92. Sketch of Mr. J. Desautels’ land. (a) House and dependencies, sheds, and horses stables ; (b) Piggery ; (c) Implement house ; 865 (d) Barn and other farm buildings : (e) Public road. COUNTY OF ST. HYACINTHE. The county of St. Hyacinthe is one of the fine farming counties of the Province, where the progress of agriculture is vigorously ores" by the genius of enlightened and enterprising agriculturists. The county has the honor and advantage of containing the cradle and headquarters of the Dairy Association and possessing the Dairy School, two institutions which have so powerfully contributed to improve the cultural methods and the manufacture of dairy products throughout the province. We are not aware whether the two only competitors in this county, in the single parish of St. Barnabé, represent the highest qualificative note of the best agriculture of the county. These competitors are Messrs Adolphe Girouard and André Rodier. Mr. ADOLPHE GIROUARD (68.70 pts diploma). Mr. Girouard farms as a tenant 105 acres of land, which have hardly any feature of interest except that supplied by the pretty good quality of the soil. Holder of an annual lease, he cannot dream of undertaking the realty and cultural improvements requisite to make it a model farm and to exert in that direction his intelligence and knowledge of his business to the extent of aspiring to the higher degrees of Agricultural Merit. Mr. Girouard is satisfied therefore to raise good thoroughbred and other stock with which he carries off encouraging prizes in the agricultural competitions. This indicates that, on a farm of his own, he would soon be noted among the more advanced farmers. MR. ANDRE RODIER, (85.05 pts, silver medal.) Area of land: 774 acres,—number of arable acres, 73; extent in un. ploughed pasture: 44 acres: heary soil, pretty good, mellow and level. Divisions, fences and system, suitably good.—Fields in good order, excel- 366 a a a eT EE PA MIDLET SD lent tillage, good production.—Farm buildings in good condition, com- fortable for the stock, but not of improved form. The barn is 72’ x 80’ with longitudinal lateral threshing floor and stable alongside, comprising an enlargement of the barn as at Mr. Pierre Potvin’s (see fig. 104, plate 17.) . The other buildings and dependencies of the dwelling, wash-house, wood, waggon and grain sheds are of good quality, but the laying out might be more perfect. The stock of implements is sufficient, good and in perfect condition, : and the manures are well employed. Improvements to the Soil_—Mr. Rodier has done a little stoning and employed the stones. The drainage works, ditches and trenches, removal and spreading of the earth thrown out of the ditches, straightening of the water courses and furrows and the good keeping of the latter entitle Mr. Rodier to the good points, which qualify the value and importance of his labors. The stock are pretty good and well kept. The cropping comprises: 23 acres of wheat, 23 acres of oats, 2 acres of mixed grain or 27} acres in all of grain, 1 acre of potatoes and 1 acre of Indian corn for seed, 2 acres of hoed crops, 184 acres of meadow and 23 acres of pasture. The extent of the ploughed crops is a little too large compared with that of the meadows and pastures to constitute absolute perfection in the system. | All that we might add to Mr. Rodier’s praise would not be instructive to the public. Let it suffice to say that the 85.05 pts awarded to him in the competition entitle him to the silver medal as the reward of his good work. 867 ———— —<—<—<—s ee me - = — = _ — — COUNTY OF VERCHERES. As in order to convey an exact idea of the agricultural value and the importance of the geographical position of the rich county of Ver- chéres, we should have to dilate at greater length than the limits of this report would permit, we shall confine ourselves to noting the six com- petitors from this county; Messrs Antoine Phaneuf, competitor for the gold medal, and Herménégilde Archambault, of St. Antoine ; Joseph Palardy, of Ste. Théodosie ; Alphonse Dupré, of Verchéres ; Gaspard Massue and Arthur Lussier, of Varennes. Mr. ANTOINE PHANEUF (94.65 pts) (Competitor for the gold medal) We do not intend to go lengthily into details of the competitor’s working and improvements. We refer for all that concerns these to the report of the last competition. However, in justice to Mr. Phaneuf, we shall mention his chief points of excellence. to show that he has not des- cended in the scale of the Agricultural Merit. The area of the two lots entered for the competition by Mr. Phaneuf is 168 acres, of which 142 are arable and the remainder in bush. We give (fig. 94) a sketch of the principal farm on which are the buildings. Oppo- site this farm, he owns a second lot of an approximate superficies of 33 acres, divided into about three equally sized fields. The soil of the farm is in great part clayey and of good quality. The rest is a little sandy and less fertile, but Mr Phaneuf has so well improved it that he gets good crops everywhere from it. The system of cropping which he practises is perhaps not so theo- retically perfect as that noted in the case of other competitors, but it cannot be regarded as a bad system. The division of the land, as shown in the sub-joined sketch (fig. 94) is unobjectionable, but it should be remarked that the dotted lines of that plan indicate the absence of the fences, which would{be needful at those points. Mr. Phaneuf claims that he uses at need temporary fences, but the Commission would prefer 368 to see perminent fences there. All the actual fences are of excellent quality and in good order. The dwelling house (See fig. 96, pl. 16) is very good and pretty, but the divisions, the arrangement and the number and convenience of the dependencies are somewhat inferior to those visited in the case of a good many other competitors. The farm-buildings shown (fig. 95 pl. 16) are of the nature of those generally seen among the ordinary good farmers of St. Lawrence valley. They are ancient in style, but sufficiently spacious and comfortable for the housing of the stock in good condition. As regards implements and manures, Mr. Phaneuf’s merit is equal to that of the best competitors. The statement of his accounts which he gives for last year contains the following items: . : SALES. NOLORB OL Day. oo. uadstwae> tases cohen seas $632 00 Dairy: butter and cheese.................. 808 00 BaD i eae So ied) scones Sedna eae 50 00 HOWE ectue cine aunt eoodent ea Weten ae 112 00 BEES Ren cnrae tug cavat .cdaadeasisesusunnadneeeene 92 00 CRs 2 eet oe A £1 see eee tes 27 00 PREIERLY:, REDG § occodsnaatha2tyarienetl bor asnss » 88 00 SEE a Pere OPS Bene ayn op RN 11 00 SUA ..-coe o- cnenenee veneer ansnorage oes cocesngne 12 00 AURGT. CU CCUS 68 is des tee cet nn rites cond 32 00 Motel: tba. trag-tuen gaat $1314 00 EXPENSES. Agricultural implements, We............ $195 00 Buildings». sese\usssbGeovsnnes sails tl Sp eke! 100 00 W BE ZONE. cnvesseii adie Livowd Lor cnldasoba ¥esods 45 00 Votdlsi..1cles. deals Le adsl 340 00 Balai cas... sauies be iAT $974 00 The Commission does not doubt the correctness of the above three items of expense, but it is surprised to not see set down under this head other inevitable outlays by the competitor, such as labor, taxes, horse- shoeing, Xc., &c. Improvements to the sotl.— Although the Commission remarked several piles of stones in the fields, Mr. Phaneuf claims, to have removed a coasid- erable quantity, with which he has built foundations for buildings, embanked the entrances to the barns &c., and made 17 linear acres of drainage. The water courses and furrowsare well kept ; the earth thrown out has been spread and a field 6 acres high has been levelled by straight- ening a water course and filling the old ditch with stone and earth. By this work, he has won a good tract of fine fertile land, while diminishing for the future the works of maintenance and the damages caused by the water course. This is unquestionably a useful and meritorious work, which has not escaped the attention of the Commission, but when it consj- ders Mr. Phaneuf’s statement, relative to these levelling and carting works, that he removed 150,000 loads of earth, it is convinced that there must be a mistake somewhere. For, at 10 cts a load, this work would be worth $15,000, that is to say, three times more than the value of the land when his father bequeathed it to him. The Commission remarked to Mr. Phaneuf that it had not a boand- less confidence in the permanent duration of the effectiveness of his drains, consisting of wide and deep stoned trenches, without a sufficient slope and without a discharge deep enough to favor the rapid flowing off of the water. Wherever that it has encountered works executed in this way for a long time past, it has found their operation to be defective. It is to be hoped that this will not happen with Mr. Phaneuf's extensive works of this nature, upon which he places great value. As regards commercial fertilizers, Mr. Phaneuf told us that he had used fifteen bags of plaster a year, but that this year he had not done so. He follows the good practice of collecting the liquid manure and spreading it on the meadows and vegetables. 24 370 ee ————————————____ ENED --T-iiiii---. Mr. Phaneuf has had the good taste to embellish the front of his farm and the surroundings of his house with a good plantation of 74 young maples, which, in a few years, will give to this farm an agreeable aspect and a really remarkable stamp of distinction. An artesian well, which Mr. Phaneuf has sunk not far from his house, gives a constant supply of good water gushing to the surface of the soil, which is used for watering the animals on the northern lot. His road is in excellent condition and bordered by a fine wire and board fence. The yards and garden are equally well fenced, as may be judged by figure 94 plate 16. The gates and bridges are also good. Stock.—The stock as a whole is good and includes several handsome thoroughbred and grade Ayrshire cows and heifers. There are 5 working horses, 3 colts, including one of the current year, 14 cows, 3 bulls, inclu- ding one of the year, 4 heifers, 7 calves, 7 sheep, and 30 good Yorkshire pigs. Rotation.—Mr. Phaneuf states that he observes the following rotation : 1st year: Grain and vegetables. 2nd year: Grain with a seeding of fodder seeds. 83rd, 4th, 5th and 6th years : Meadow. "th and 8th years: Pasture. The year’s crops consist of 33} acres of grain, 1 of turnips, 3 of pota- toes, 13 of Indian corn for seed, 78 of meadow, 22 of pasture and ? of green fodders. Some pieces were not giving their maximum yield. We ascribed this chiefly to the fact that the tillage did not seem to us to have been performed with all the perfection which we remarked in other fields. Mr. Phaneuf has made for himself a fine large garden, which he has perfectly improved and enriched and which contained fine vegetables. We should add that Mr. Phaneaf began his career as a farmer with a 871 good farm of over 4 acres in width, worth at least $5,000, without reckon- ing a pretty handsome fortune brought him by his wife. He claims to be worth at present $17,500. This is splendid progress, eveu deducting the in creased value of the lands and certain moveables. The figures and inscriptions accompanying this report obviate the necessity of more lengthy descriptive details, and, coupled with our observations, they sufficiently show that Mr. Phaneuf is one of the strong competitors of this region, that he has made new progress since the last competition and that he certainly merits to wear the silver medal with which he has been already decorated, while awaiting his turn to win the gold medal to which his talents, ambition, and love of work and progress should entitle him. FIGURES AND REFERENCES Fig. 94. Sketch of Mr. Phaneuf’s principal farm (the dotted lines indicate the divisions of the fields which are not permanently fenced). (a) Public highway ; (b) Avenue; (ec) Cultivated fields ; (d) Bush. Fig. 95 View of Mr. A. Phaneuf’s farm buildings. 6ig esed 083 66 Stuf Gen--- Se ee ee eee) er ry Ce O 2 merece’ tomes omen one ee es p eweee wees SE ee ee es ee ee : 998 e8vd cog ZG BI PLATE 16 Fig. roo. H. Archambault's farm.—Stacks of Indian corn. ; Fig. 101 and 102. _H. Archambault’s farm,—Bull and cow, Canadian breed. 373 Fig, 96 (plate 16) View of Mr. A. Phaneuf’s house. Installation and relative arrangement of the buildings : (a) Fig. 97 Road; Entrance avenue ; Green plot; Lawn ; ornamental trees and flowers ; Kitchen and fruit garden ; . . , ’ ’ . ’ ’ . ’ , ‘ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ' ' ’ ’ » ‘ ’ . 3874 (f) House and kitchen ; (g) Dairy and ice-house ; (kh) Workshop and laundry ; (i) Indian corn dryer ; (j) Grain shed ; (kk) Wood and waggon sheds ; (1) Privies ; (m) Piggery and enclosures for the pigs ; (n) Barn; (o) Sheep fold; (p) Large barn ; (q) Poultry-house ; (r) Cow stable; (s) Vegetable room and winter piggery ; (t) Horse stable; (wu) Projected waggon shed ; (v) Avenue ; (xz) Barn-yard ; (y) Yard; (z) Field cultivated as pasture ; (y1) Enclosure ; = (z1z1) Well; (22) Right half of the land. i Fig. 98. Satu Division of the cow and horse stables : (a) Horse stable ; (6) Threshing floor ; (c) Cow stable; (d) Shed for vegetables and winter piggery ; 375 (e) Poultry house ; (f) Main barn. Mr. HERMENEGILDE ARCHAMBAULT (90.95, pts, silver medal). The number of points obtained by Mr Archambault ranks him among the best laureates of this competition. The system of cropping, the rota- tion, the division of the farm of 75 acres (V fig 99) the quality and the condition of the fences, the dwelling house, the implements, the manures, the general order prevailing in all departments of the farm, the quality of the farming work, the book-keeping, the good maintenance of the wa- . ter courses, ditches and trenches and the good drainage generally of the farm, have merited the maximum of points and the figure of 29.95 points, allowed for the crops, proclaim their abundance and quality. The following is the extent of the different crops: oats, 18 acres ; peas 3 acres; mangolds, about } acre; potatoes, 1? acres; Indian corn for seed, 2 acres; Indian corn for ensilage } acre; tobacco about } acre; meadow, 26 acres; pasture, 184 acres; green fodders, 3} acres. 376 The garden, well kept and well stocked with a good assortment of vegetables and small fruits, deserves mention and the congratulations of the Commission to Madame Archambault for her horticultural taste and success. Rotation. Regular and in keeping with the division: 1 Grain and hoed crops; 2 grain, with fodder. seeds, 3and 4 mea- dow; 5 and 6 pasture.—All the grains seeded with clover to enrich the soil with nitrogen. A meadow division broken up and a new one formed every year,—+ofadivision in hoed crops annually; stable manure ~ applied to these. Improvements to the soil.— Mr. Archambault has thoroughly stoned his land, which moreover was not rocky. He has straightened all his water courses and removed and spread, in the low spots, the earth taken out of the trenches so as to perfectly level them. He has also properiy divided and enlarged his plots. Mr. Archambault has already ploughed in green buckwheat and he uses 200 to 300 ibs of chemical fertilizers a year upon his vegetables. His forest plantations consist of some thirty trees, elms, sycamores: and maples, set out in front of and to the side of his house. . He has thoroughly levelled and improved his farm road, His farm buildings are in good condition, comfortable for his cattle and amply sufficient for all his wants. A sidewalk leads from the house to all the dependencies and farm buildings. Stock.—Mr. Archambault has a pretty numerous stock for his farm and it is of good quality. He is one of the good breeders of Canadian cattle. Figures 101 and 102 (plate 16) are specimens of Mr. Archambault’s fine herd. The figures and references, which follow will supply fuller details. To sum up, we are happy to point out Mr. Archambault as one of the . 877 leading farmers, who farm on principles and with rare success. He finds in the revenues from his good tillage the means of giving to his family a superior education, without prejudicing the excellent management of his property. On this head, he merits the congratulations of the Commission, together with the silver medal due to his success and to the fine agricul- tural example which he sets to his fellow citizens. In order to avoid injustice, let us add that he is admirably seconded by his worthy wife, who understands how to perform with equal success her large share of the work in her department and to secure happiness in her home. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 99. Plan of Mr. H. Archambault’s land : (a) Road, principal street of the village ; (b) Yard, house, lawn and garden ; (c) Farm buildings ; (dd) Enclosure ; (e) Farm road ; ( #7) Six fields of 12 acres ; (gg) Ditches ; (kh) Projected continuation of farm road ; Fig. 100 (plate 16.) View of three sheaves of fodder Indian corn in a state of preservation in the open air on Mr. Archambault’s farm. These sheaves are 6 feet in diameter at the base and are bound very tightly at the top with wire. Each sheave holds 15 to 16 bundles of fodder. The top is brought close together to bind it by means of a rope with a running knot and the strength of two men. Rain does not penetrate to the interior of the sheaves and the Indian corn can thus be kept perfectly sound throughout the whole winter to May. It is cut and mixed with clover or other fodders richer in albuminoids for feeding the cattle. This method of keeping, which is simple and easy, appears to be one of the best—at least, Mr. Archambault so claims—for those who have no silo. 378 Fig. 191 and 102 (plate 16.) View of Mr. Archambault’s Canadian bull “ Duc Denis”, No 1099, three years old, 1st prize, and Canadian cow “ Fleur-de-Mai ”, No 5346, five years old. Record, several first. prizes. The animals are given as samples of Mr. Archambault’s herd. Mr. Archambault himself is also shown in the figure. - Mr. JOSEPH PALARDY (85 05 pts, silver medal.) | e ks Mr. Palardy is the proprietor of a fine large farm of 285 acres, of © which he ploughs 216, the remainder being in pasture and in bush. He appears to be the pupil and disciple of Mr. Phaneuf in agriculture and to have been directed by him in the path of agricultural improvements. Mr. Palardy did not tell us who was his teacher, but the great stoning, — draining and other operations which he has performed on his farm prove © that he knows the fundamental principles of good farming. It is these — works especially which constitute his merit as a farmer of progress. All his fields are stoned, but all the stones picked from them have not yet been fally utilized ; the bulk of them has been used for building fences, foundations and twelve acres of drainage, but there still remain some goodly piles in the fields. The ditches are deep and well made and the farm is everywhere well drained. _ The earth thrown out has been removed to the middle of the field and the plots are wide and well made. Mr. Palardy states that he has done a good deal of levelling to cut down the hillocks, fill up the depressions and render his land flatter and easier to cultivate and drain. It was difficult for the Commission to esti- mate the value of-the work done, on account of its ignorance of the pre- vious condition of the place. In his application, Mr. Palardy declares that, for levelling purposes, he hauled 150,000 loads of earth, and that his — stoning work represents 50,000 loads, which would make in all 200,000 © loads. The Commission could not help suspecting that the master had inspired the disciple. Whatever there may be in these evidently erroneous figures, Mr. Palardy has none the less done useful, productive and meritor- ious work, which is far from having cost him the amount of labor he claims and which should surely yield him benefit. 379 a All the other details of the farm, considered separately, present no special interest to the public, but have merited enough points as a whole to contribute to the elevation of the competitor to the number of the silver medal laureates, which should conclusively attest his agricultural talents and spirit of entreprise. MR. ALPHONSE DUPRE (87.80 pts., silver medal.) Mr. Dupré cultivates 140 acres of land, all arable and comprising three kinds of soils: 1. An alluvial loam of superior quality; 2. A substantial sandy soil on the hills and 3. A clay soil of good composition covered before clearing with oak, elm and ash. This is tantamount to briefly saying that this land is first class, which may excuse, from the theoretical point of view, the imperfection of Mr. Dupré’s system of cropping, an imperfection, however, which does not prevent him from deriving a good income out of his farm, which causes him to be ranked as one of the leading farmers of his county. The aggregate of 29 points obtained for his crops attests the abund- ance of their yield. The farm is well tilled and well drained by means of good ditches and trenches, the earth thrown out from which has been removed and spread. The crops are perfectly clean. The dwelling house is first class in all respects; the dependencies are good and everywhere, in the yards and buildings, the most admirable cleanliness prevails. The frontage of the farm is embellished with some fine elms, whose majestic appearance proclaims the importance of the farm. What we most admired in the inspection of the latter was the thorough order reigning in all the departments, fences, buildings, imple- ments and fields. The farm buildings are all whitewashed with lime and, though an- cient in shape, are well divided, comfortable and convenient enough. The sketch (fig. 103) gives an 1dea of arrangement of the main barn, con- taining the cow and horse stables. 380 In the matter of implements and manures, Mr. Dupré ranks with the leading competitors. He has also done stoning work and 4 acres of drainage, which have contributed to inerease the value of his land and which are also so many points of merit in his favor. The garden contains some apple-trees and small fruits. The herds comprise 5 working horses and 5 colts; 10 grade cows ; 5 heifers, 1 ox and 9 calves, 15 grade sheep and 12 pigs. : These animals are of pretty good quality. It is unnecessary to say anything more in order to proclaim that Mr. Dupré has merited the silver medal as the reward of his agricultural labors and triumphs. p- cece Secempeccceseese as ewums aaeae een Fig. 103 Sketch of Mr. A. Dupré’s barn-stable : (a) Horse stable; (bb) Box stalls ; (c) Passage ; (dd) Treshing-floors ; (e) Cow stable; (f) Poultry-house ; (gg) Barn. . : 381 Mr GASPARD F.-X. MASSUE (75.05 pis, bronze medal.) Mr. Massue cultivates an irregularly shaped farm of 207 acres, of which 190 are arable, near the village of Varennes. In general, the soil is of good quality and superlatively good along the bank of the river. Mr. Massue’s general system of cropping is good, as indicated by the proportion of his crops, of which we give the approximate extent: grains and roots, 69 acres; meadows, 70 acres; pasture and green fodder, 62 acres. But the division and rotation might be better. The course of cropping covers 8 years, 3 of grains and green fodders, with pieces of hoed crops ; 3 of meadow and 2 of pasture. The details of the cropping present nething of interest to the public. Mr. Massue has done stoning and draining work, which have deserved good points. His account-books are exceedingly well kept. He has a good herd of 25 cows, 1 Ayrshire bull, 7 heifers and 5 cows, all in good condition. But what most enhances Mr Massue’s merit as a farmer is, without re- ferring to his first class dwelling house, his splendid barn-stable which stands on the slope facing the river and which was not yet finished at the time of the Commission’s visit. The barn occupies the upper part of the structure and the stables underneath with the manure cellar and a compartment for loose animals in the lower part. When this building shall have been completed, it seems to us that it will be a model of its class. Mr. Massue certainly deserves to be complimented on this work. 382 ’ Mr. ARTHUR LUSSIER (81.40 pts, bronze medal.) Mr. Lussier’s farm has a superficies of 90 acres, 80 of which are culti- vated with the plough and 6 are taken up by a rocky eminence on which there is a good 2 aere orchard. It is a handsome, good, level farm, well drained and capable of pro- ducing extraordinary crops with good tillage, but its division is not per- fect in view of a good regular rotation. Mr. Lussier, who comprehends the advantage of good drainage, has made his ditches and trenches well, besides doing stoing work which has cleared the surface of the soil of the stones prejudicial to the cultivation of his land. Apart from the rocky eminence already mentioned and a heap of stones in a certain spot, the farm has been properly cleaned. His occupation, however, as an agent of agricultural implements, prevents him to some extent from giving to his fine land all the care which it needs to raise it to the highest point of production by the improvement of the divisions and the course of cropping. ; Mr. Lussier is still a young man ; but he appears to well understand the fundamental principles of agriculture and we have no doubt that in a few years he will manage to realize his projects of new improvements and to make his farm a model one in all respects. He has a liquid manure cistern and a manure shed. The manure he uses on his hoed crops and on his meadows after haying. We may say that Mr. Lussier does all his farming work well. His crop was good enough to establish the accuracy of this statement. On the eminence already mentioned, Mr. Lussier has planted an orchard of two acres, which, though still young, is very promising for the future. Mr. Lussier keeps a pretty good herd of Ayrshire cattle, but it did not seem to us to be large enough for the extent and quality of his land. It is needless to enter into further details on all the different branches — i 383 -of the working of the farm, which would only be monotonous and with- out instruction to the public; but we must congratulate Mr. Lussier on _ his good beginning and encourage him to go ahead prudently and surely in the path of progres, upon which he has decidedly entered; and his merit will be more marked in another competition. COUNTY OF RICHELIEU. We did not travel enough through the county of Richelieu to undertake to pass comment upon the general state of agriculture in it without fear of doing it injustice, for we visited only one farm, that of Mr. Pierre Potvin, of Saint-Ours, who, however, appears to reflect honor upon his county by his success in the present competition. Mr. PIERRE POTVIN (86.80 pts, silver medal.) Mr. Potvin’s farm consists of 100 acres, but he ploughs only 80 of these, the remainder being in bush and natural pasture. The figures 104 and 105 (plate 17) give a sufficiently perfect idea of Mr. Potvin’s establishment to exonerate us from going into special details regarding his buildings and dwelling house, which the number of points awarded him in the table classes among the best. Mr. Potvin comes in a good first for his implements, manures, the good order of his fences and buildings and for his tillage works, ploughing, harrowing, plots, &c, as also for his system of cropping and the divisions of his land. His ditches and trenches are in good order and sufficient for the proper drainage of his farm, which is suitably stoned and levelled. He has straightened ditches, made a little drainage which seems to . work well and limed a certain extent of meadow with evidently good ' results. In a word, his improvements of the soil have won for him 9.75 pts. The proportion of the crops was as follows : 25 acres of grain, about 1 384 acre of potatoes and roots, 1} acre of Indian corn for seed, 22 acres of meadow, ~ 20 of pasture and 2 of green fodders. This proportion may be generally considered as good although theoretically the area under grain may appear a little too great, but the quality and quantity of the crops seem to justify — it and prove that in reality Mr. Potvin is an intelligent farmer who understands his business. The cattle are mostly of the Canadian breed, with a thoroughbred Canadian bull.” As a whole, it is a good herd, but we find the number of cows (9) too small for the extent and quality of the land. ry Mr. Potvin owns a fine sugary of 1275 maples in good workingorder. The kitchen and fruit garden is a credit to Madame Potvin. Mr. Potvin is still a young man and the progess which he has made in a few years show that he is going ahead surely and has wasted none of his energy. His success and the different improvements which he has made in his farm thoroughly entitle him to the silver medal as the brilliant attes- tation of his unquestionable progress. FIGURES AND REFERENCES. Fig. 104 (plate 17) View of Mr.Pierre Potvin’s farm buildings, taken from the south, showin: the elms. along the public road. Fig. 105 (plate 17) View of Mr. Potvin’s dwelling, taken from the south east, showin: the garden and the gable of the house, the lawn and the fence before the house, the road, &<. PLATE. 17 —————— reba LSS pres, denis . Fig. roy. P. Potvin's farm.—Buildings. Fig. 105. P. Potvin's farm.—House, 885 COUNTY OF YAMASKA. The county of Yamaska embraces stretches of sandy, cold and poor quality land, but on the other hand, there are also regions comprising entire parishes, the soil of which is one of the richest in the province of Quebec. This county is favored by the lines of the St. Guillaume and Sonth Shore railways and by navigation in summer in the northern zone. A good deal of hay is still grown in its most fertile parts. Still this crop has not hindered the great progress made in it by the dairy industry, which appears to be the chief factor in the agricultural reputation and wealth of this county. _ The six competitors whom we had the pleasure to visit in the course of the competition were Messrs Louis Lavallée, of St-Guillaume, J. Louis Lemire, of the Baie-du-Febvre, H. U. Caron, Arséne Biron and Alexis Gag- non of St-Elphége and Thomas Joyal, of St-David. The first may be regarded as a representative of the hay region and the five others are more particularly representatives of the mixed cattle and general production system. Mr. LOUIS LAVALLEE (89.10 pts silver medai.) Mr. Lavallée is an able agricultural machine agent, but he is also an able farmer, knowing how to exercise for the benefit of agriculture his talents and his natural resources which render him great service in his role as agent. He took possession of his farm in 1881 and started operations with a capital of $1831 in land, money, and moveable effects. He had to werk as a laborer at first. He now owns one of the best farms in the province, containing 100 acres all arable and he estimates his real estate at over $17,000 apart from his rolling stock and the year’s crops. 25 286 This success really does him honor, His farm was far from being in good condition when he got it, but he has thoroughly and perfectly improved it in every way since it has come into his possession. He has fenced it with cedar in a superior manner and has-well drained it by means of good ditches and trenches, the soil thrown out from which has been spread. He has straightened the existing water courses and has further cleared 18 acres, sunk wells for watering his stock, repaired and improved the farm buildings and built a barn and a splendid dwelling-house, which is shown (in fig. 107, pl. 18), one of the finest met with in the course of this competition. He has also changed his divisions so as to improve his installation (See fig. 106). He practises a good system of tillage. His work is well done; his ridges all newly made are wide (18’) and straight, and perfect order reigns in all parts of the farm. He is well supplied with good tools and implements. The farm buildings are not constructed on an improved plan, but they are good and comfortable. As the result of his good work and his good system, all his crops, were of superior quality. The stone removed from the fields has been utilized for the founda- tions of his house, barns, yard entrances, and in the construction of a drain and of five wells. Mr. Lavallée has also planted some 40 forest trees to beautify the approaches to his residence. As he considers the growing of hay the most profitable for him, the area under meadow exceeds that under pasture and other crops, but to prevent the exhaustion of the soil by prolonged hay-raising, he purchases fertilizers, stable manure among others. He follows a system of book-keeping, which enables him to keep account of all his agricultural and financial operations and has trained his young daughters to keep his journal or note book. Mr. Lavallée has not merely paid attention to the soil of his farm ; he has also turned to account his knowledge of the breeding and keeping of good stock. He is a breeder and a lover of Canadian cattle and a formidable 387 ti ———————————————————— exhibitor in the competitions. His fellow citizens of the east would therefore still like to see him at St. Norbert, in the northern part of the county of Berthier. His stock is composed of 4 good working horses and 2 colts of the Canadian breed, one mare of which is registered ; 8 milch cows, 5 registered bulls,—1 of 3 and 4 of 1 year,— 5 heifers and 6 calves, all of good Canadian breed, 12 of them registered ; of 15 thoroughbred regis- tered Cotswolds sheep’ of first quality (V. fig. 108, pl. 18) and of 8 excellent Yorkshire pigs, several of which are registered. The few figures which we publish relative to Mr. Lavallee’s farm give a sufficient notion of the remainder and should exempt us from going into further details, except mention of the happy and powerful coopera- tion of Madame Lavallee in the agricultural success of her worthy hus- band, whom we are pleased to proclaim as one of the good silver medal- dists of the competition. FIGURES AND REFERENCES Fig. 106 Plan of the installation and relative arrangement of Mr. Layallee’s buildings. (a) House and kitchen. (b) Laundry or summer kitchen and wood-shed ; (c) Piggery ; (d) Sheep-house; (e) Barn ; ( f) Cow and horse stables. (g) Manure ; {h) Barn; Kitchen and fruit garden ; (f) Enclosure ; 388 Fig 106 (k) Farm road ; (1) Road. Fig. 107 (, late 18) View of Mr. Louis Lava!lee’s residence at St Guillaume. Fig. 108 (plate 18) View of Mr. Louis Lavallees registered Cotswold ram and some sheep. on Mr. J. LOUIS LEMIRE (83.05 pts, bronze medal). The farm entered for the competition by Mr. Lemire comprises two lots, fronting each other on the public road ; one containing 100 acres and the other 62 acres, which makes the total superficies 162 acres, of which 120 are under tillage, 10 in natural pasture and 30 in bush. ee Fig 107. L. Lavallée’s far: ig, 10S. L. Lavallée's farm 109. J. L. Lemire’s farm. n.— House. Cotswold sheep. Buildings. 389 The part situated on the top of the hill is of poor quality and cut up ‘by deep gorges, which are prejudicial to the working of the land; the remainder is formed of Lake St. Peter alluvium and apart from a few peaty pieces sometimes flooded in the spring, gives a soil of great fertility. Mr. Lemire’s general system of tillage, which has a fodder basis with dairy cattle, is good, but his rotation did not seem to us to be regular enough. The division, however, is sufficiently good. The farm buildings (V. fig. 109, pl. 18) are numerous enough and the barn-stable especially is built on a modern plan, although there are some defects in the frame-work. Mr. Lemire owns a silo and practises the ensilage of Indian corn. His stock of implements and treatment of his manures merited the highest points. Mr. Lemire has removed all the stones on the surface of the soil that were in the way; he has spread the earth thrown out of the ditches, levelled hills and mounds, and built a good road in the ravines already mentioned. He has straightened the course of a brook flowing at the bottom of a ravine aud his ditches and trenches are well kept. He fre- quently ploughs in green buckwheat and purchases several tons of che- mical fertilizers which he applies to the boggy spots in the lower part of his farm. He has also planted a grove of 75 soft and ash-leaved maples. His stock is good. It consists of 4 working horses, 23 grade Ayrshere and Canadian milch cows; 2 adult bulls, 9 heifers, 2 young bulls, and 6 calves, 18 good grade sheep and 20 good Yorkshire pigs. The cows are fed in winter with ensilage mixed with other richer fodders ; while the pigs in summer are fed on clover, whey and meal. Mr. Lemire applies his stable manure to the hoed crops and also on some of his meadow and pasture lots, Mr. Lemire’s reputation is that of a good farmer and the Commission are satisfied that this reputation is not exaggerated, but it is to be regretted that he is not so good a competitor, as he lost, in seyeral details of his 390 SS EES ee farm, points which he might easily have won, if he had been more careful of success in this competition and especially if his labor and his. zeal in the public interest had not diverted his attention from his agricultural work. For, let it be said to his praise, Mr. Lemire deserves. more than a bronze medal for the progress which he has imparted to. agriculture and especially to the dairy industry in his parish, of which he is one of the stoutest champions and to the success of which he has devoted his efforts, his energy and his abilities. But unfortunately, the theory of the programme of the Agricultural Merit competition does not allow of the Commission going beyond the limits assigned thereto and, notwithstanding all its good will, it regrets its inability to award to Mr. Lemire more points than is warranted by the actual state of his farm in general and to recommend a reward more worthy of his agricultural talents, his love of progress and his spirit of enterprise. ————— FIGURES AND REFERENCES — Fig. 109 (plate 18.) View of Mr. Lemire’s buildings. Papa --=H0 (eS A Plan of Mr. Lemire’s cow stable under the barn: (a) Stable; (b) Part for animals without other separation than a staunchion at the head ; (c) Stalls for t®Wo cows ; 391 (d) Passage; (e) Laquid manure pit 1’ deep by 6’ wide, cemented ; (f) Ventilator ; (g) Water pipe; (h) Horse stable ; (ti) Harness closet ; (j) Box-stall; (k) Silo; (1) Stable for loose young animals ; (mm) Wodder traps fed from the upper threshing floor and closets with doors ; WN. B.—This barn-stable is 20’ square and has a longitudinal threshing floor entered and left by means of gangways. Mr. H. A. CARON (82.85 pts. bronze medal) Total superficies of the farm, 6 acres x 22 acres, on the river St-Francis. Under tillage, 173 acres ; in natural pasture, 66 acres ; in bush, 16 acres. Varied soil, pretty good on the whole. Mr. Caron ranks among the strongest competitors for his dwelling house, barn, implements, stable and other manures ; several crops obtained _the maximum of points, namely: 44 acres of pasture, 28 acres of meadow. The grain crops were good, but the hoed crops were badly kept. Had it not been for this defect, Mr. Caron would have come out one of the first for his crops. - His tillage and drainage works are good enough. The stock of cattle is pretty numerous and pretty good, but here as in many other places, a mixture of breeds was noted, which cannot assure the raising of a first quality herd. The pigs were numerous, but not properly fed for quick growth. 392" Mr. Caron has done some good stoning work, but his land is not yet entirely cleaned. The other farm buildings not mentioned are fairly good. There is a forge of unquestionable value and utility. Madame Caron successfully carries on domestic industry and manu- factures stuffs, knitted goods and imitations of Persian lambskin which have won for her prizes at the local exhibitions. We might point out a host of details which show that Mr. Caron un- derstands his business as a farmer, but which possess nothing instructive for the benefit of the public. The table of points sufficiently indicates Mr. Caron’s merit relative to the otheritems. But we confess that Mr- Caron, as well as the two other competitors in his parish, might easily, by - prudent and economical application, further improve the soil of their farms, their crops, their animals and even to some extent their buildings, and win the silver medal in a future competition. Mr. ARSENE BIRON, (82.60 pts, bronze medal.) Mr. Biron resides in Mr. Caron’s neighborhood. The farm examined measures 6 x 30 acres, but Mr. Biron owns elsewhere in the parish other lots, forming a total superficies of 494 acres. He is a rich property-owner, who combines, with administrative talents, those of a good farmer ; his farming as a whole and his agricul- tural and other successes point him out as such ; but the aggregate of the points awarded for all the details of the farm did not place him high enough to receive a higher recognition more in keeping with his merit and his successes. Any comment on the details of the crops and improvements, which present no more remarkable feature than that already noted relative to the 393 _ competitors who merited on the same items the same points, would be altogether tiresome and without interest to the public. ~ Mr. ALEXIS GAGNON (81.85 pts, bronze medal ) Land of about the same nature as that of the two neighboring compe- titors, comprising a superficies of 140 acres, 71 of which are under tillage, 10 in natural pasture and 59 in bush. The entire system of tillage, ofimprovememts, of the buildings, of crop- ping and of stock presents only a slight difference from that of the two preceding competitors and like them Mr. Gagnon merits his country’s re- cognition for his stoning, drainiug and other works, which have contri- buted to the increase of his receipts and value of his farm, but the Com- mission regrets that the points won do not allow of his being yet deco- rated with the silver medal which his courage, industry and success seem to merit. Mr. THOMAS JOYAL (75.10 pts, bronze medal). Mr. Joyal’s farm comprises 112 acres, of which he only cultivates 83, the remainder being in pasture (2 acres) and in bush (27 acres). It is a sandy-clay soil of the Yamaska valley and appears to be of good quality. To avoid indulgence in compliments and criticism, as well as in detailed descriptions which would be no more useful to Mr. Joyal than to the public, by repeating what has already been said relative to other competitors of the same class, we shall confine ourselves to saying that, for his tillage as a whole and other details of his operations, Mr. Joyal takes rank among his co-competitors of St. Elphege. He has, however, - allowed himself to be surpassed by them by some points in certain details, but he is none the less a remarkable farmer who may be classed among the successful men of progress. 394 We refer to the table of points for the Commission’s degree of appre- ciation of the different details of his farming. As already said relative to the other Yamaska county competitors, there remains little for Mr. Joyal to do to raise his farm to the requisite degree of agricultural and other improvements in order to win a more ~ brilliant reward in a future competition. REMARKS We shall conclude this report by mentioning the names of the com- petitors who obtained the maximum of points for each item of the pro- gramme in the two classes of competitors : For the system, 24; for the divisions, 21; for fences, 4; for dwelling house and dependencies, 33; for grain and fodder barns, 32; for horse stables, 7; for cow stables, 13; for piggeries, 9; for sheep-houses, 3; for poultry houses, 2; for the total of farm buildings, 5; for implements, 37; for stable manure, 39; for order, 8; for account-keeping, 6; for impro- vements to the soil, 1; the highest quoted afterwards for this item are 14,95 and 14.90; for stock, 105; the first is Mr. R. McFarlane, 14.40 pts; the second, Mr. E. P. Ball, 14.25 points, and the third Mr. W. J. Logan, 14 pts ; and after them twenty-eight obtained from 12 incl. to 14 excl. pts; for the crops, Ist (Mr. Wm. McDougall), the next highest on this item being 29.95, Mr. H. Archambault. The figures of this recapitulation lead us to add a few final remarks. The importance of a regular rotation and a proper division of the land seems to be becoming better understood. The sketches which we give of the farms represent models of division and rotation for level soils, where pastures and meadows enter into the rotation. But this practice or judi- clous improvement is not becoming general quickly enough. The treatment of the meadows in the hay growing regions, with a. : . : | 895 I eee view to increase the yield of this fodder without lessening the fertility of the soil, leaves still much to be desired. As the fences do not directly influence production, they are a little too much neglected to the injury of order and the fine appearance of the farms. _ We have no reproaches to make to the competitors as regards the nature, quality and keeping of their houses; most of them devote more of their attention to this item which is really the most obvious if it be not more paying than the rest of the farm, herds and soil included. The photographs which we publish of some farm-houses show the developed taste of our good farmers and the degree of ease and comfort which they love to give themselves—a fact which may be considered as characteristic of the advanced civilization of our rural population. Good grain and fodder barns are numerous, although they may not b» all perfectly suited to their object. But the excellent combination in a same building of the barn properly so called and of the cow and horse stables, &c., with a view not only to prompt and easy fattening and the good housing of the crops, but also to the economical preparation and distribution of the fodders, the hygienic comfort of the animals and the care of the manures, still con- stitutes the exception in that branch of rural economy. It must be conceded that improvements of this kind can only be effected slowly and gradually ; the farmers must be kept informed of the progress achieved in this respect and know the best plans of farm buildings in keeping with the locality and the systems of working. We may mention among others the barn-stables of Messrs Arch. Muir, pl. II, page 227, Cunningham, figs 31 and 32, pages 264, Templeton, figs 43 and 44, pages, and J. Burton, figs 65 and 66 pages 318 and 319 for broken ground. We may, however, state that some of the illustrations of farm buildings are not published as models of perfection from every point of view, but merely in order to give an idea of the nature of structures intended for the same use and possessing a similar degree of merit. The good cow stables which we examined are spacious, well 896 ventilated and lighted, paved with cement, and supplied with troughs to keep water constantly before the animals, and salt boxes. But we still — meet with the old sytem of tethering, which consists in imprisoning — the necks of the cows between two staunchions. rare. Perfect sheepfolds are perhaps still more so, but sheep are not very exacting in winter; a simple shelter against the wind, rain or snow, in which they can get suitable and sufficient food, does them no harm or anywhere else on the farm. ; As for poultry-houses, there are very few in good condition for the raising and perfect treatment in winter and summer of fowls for eggs or the market. We visited farms where the hens and their lice lived in the cow stables with the cows. The department of farm implements is one of the best. Several of the competitors had rather too much than too little of this kind of farm property. The machine agents look closely and ably after this branch of the farm. The important question of the treatment and good use of the stable manure seems to be universaly understood, although we bap > met farms where enough attention is not yet paid to it. General order on the farm is a detail habitually practised by some rare competitors, attended to occasionally and ably by some others and neglected by too many; they have no time to keep the yards and sur- roundings of the farm buildings clean and neat, to put in order, under shelter or in their proper places, the tools implements and machines, to keep them constantly clean and in-good condition; (1), they have no time to straighten up their straggling fences, on the pretext that they are still good enough to keep in the animals in the enclosures or that they are not in use at the moment. Good farm roads are pretty numerous, but all the farms should hold the same rank in this particular. (1) Note—The majority of the competitors, however, do not merit any reproach on this detail of article VIII of the programme. Healthy, warm, lighted and comfortable winter piggeries are still too _—— a 397 There are still too many stables with defective pavements. Good book-keeping, at least apparently good and complete, is rare. _ We have, however, met with some excellent work of this kind which Pee? ea we have noted in this report. We have had occasion to examine some ‘good books, well written up and filled with entries of receipts and expendi- ture which seemed to be accurate. But who knows that it is not merely neat writing ? Were it so—which we ignore—it would be a substantial proof that the importance of the subject is understood. The bulk of the competitors deserve praise for their intelligent comprehension of the importance of improvements of the soil of their farm lands: stoning, draining, levelling, spreading of the earth thrown out from the ditches, straightening and widening of the plots, artesian wells, utilization of springs of water, farm aqueducts, wind-pumps, planta- tions of forest and fruit trees, &c. We have noted under this head, in their respective reports, the strongest competitors, among whom are the four old pioneer settlers. All these men are real benefactors of their country, whose products and wealth they increase. : The taste for trees for the embellishment of property is beginning to spread among the old parishes in the seigniories. At the homes of nearly all the competitors in those parishes, we observed handsome plantations which, in 2 few years, will impart to their farms a much richer and more attractive aspect. We publish as models and, in order to provoke emulation, a few views of handsome plantations which very materially increase the value of the properties they embellish. Some of the competitors are making serious tests of chemical fertilizers. The models of good roads, well built and well kept, are in the South- Eastern townships and in the counties of Huntingdon and Chateauguay ; some of the municipalities of these counties, however, have not yet teached the height of perfection in this respect. We have met with a good proportion of fine herds. The Ayrshire breed of cattle and Clyde horses, both, thoroughbred or grade, seem to 398 dominate in the counties of Chateauguay, Beauharnois and Huntingdon, ' especially among the Scotch farmers. In the South-East, especially along the American boundary line the Jersey breed, pure or crossed, is pretty — widespread. Lower down, a mixture of several large breeds, containing — Ayrshire, Jersey or Canadian blood, is encountered. The Canadian breed — seems to be in favor in the South Shore counties. The most widespread horses partake more of the carriage than the — draught type. The light nature of the soils and the local topography do — pot seem to call for heavy animals and if dame rumor is to be believed ~ our Canadians of American origin appear to prefer the buggy to the plough. The farmers: of French origin still manifest their preference for horses of the Canadian type more or less pure, which are good for general _ purposes. The confused mixture of dairy and beef cattle, already more or less mixed together,.of small and large breeds on some farms, is an irrational practice which cannot produce herds of similar colors, forms and qualities or assure fixity and the constant transmission of individual qualities and characteristics suited to the objects for which the animals are intended. If heredity isa law to be considered, atavism is also one which should not be lost sight of. It seems to us that a better result would be attained by selecting the -good types of these animals, the progeny of the best families and of the same characteristics, and by coupling them, without other mixture or, what would perhaps be still better, with the selection of the females, by effecting a sustained crossing with good sires of the thoroughbred Ayrshire on Canadian strain (good type) if a dairy herd is to be formed or improved or of the Short-horn Durham breed, if good beef cattle are sought for. We pass over the sheep and swine in silence. We would simply add that Plymouth Rock poultry predominate on the farms visited by the — Commission and that we regard as a defect the introduction of too large a number of breeds of animals of a same species in a same region where there is analogy of soil and climate. We have visited small or large orchards on nearly all the farms exam- 399 ee ———————————————————————————————_—_—__—___ ed jned, but we regret to say that the orchards properly kept in all respects are very rare in a country so well adapted to fruit-growing. In concluding there only remains for us to perform the pleasant duty of thanking all the competitors for the courtesy with which they received us. If the present report be not received with the same cordiality by all whom it concerns, we can nevertheless assure them of our good will and the impartiality with which we have tried to do justice to all who solicited our visit. . ARSENE DENIS, THOMAS DRYSDALE, ?¢ Judges. JOSEPH DELAND. I. J. A. MARSAN, Secretary. 400 COUNCIL OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES, ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR YEAR 1900-1901. To the President and Members Of the Council of Arts and Manufactures. Gentlemen, I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations: of the various schools under the control of this Council for the year 1900- — 1901. = During the year seven (7) schools were opened in the province in the following localities : No. of No. of No. of Average oto classes. teachers. pupils. Attendance 4 Mornireal st. 3c ee 14 25 817 508 Be bees sky). sanwccenane ile rees 6 6 149 71 MA To goed cs ani 8 12 rae 149 Sherbrooke: <3..ii..i9.3e. 2 2 51 384 Bees ios Soe. ce Ree is Ss 1 1 25 6 TReeo-RiVOrs ncasieee dase 1 1 44 28 St-Hyacinthe ............... 1 2 49 39 34 49 1410 835 The number of pupils compared with the previous year shows a de- crease of 56, but if we take into consideration the closing of two classes, in the Quebec School, comprising 161 pupils during the last term, an increase of 105 would be shown in favor of the present session. An exhibit from our classes was sent to the World’s Fair held in Paris this year and I have great pleasure in reporting that a silver medal has ~ been awarded to this Institution for the collection of work forwarded. — It is gratifying to state also that the Council is the only institution of its kind in Canada which has received an award at the Exhibition. 7 401 ee = As in former years the pieces of work done in the different schools have been forwarded to Montreal and the opening of ths Exhibition will be held this evening and a distribation of prizes to the most successful pupils in this city will take place. The exhibition will remain open for ten days and admission will be free. We have no doubt buat that those taking an interest in the work of this Board will pay a visit to this interesting display which comprises specimens from all the classes estab- lished in the province under our supervision. ‘Permit me to suggest that a complete exhibition be held in the Quebec School building before the opening of the classes next fall, where the Provincial Ministers and the poeple in the city would have an Opportunity of sceing what we are doing in the way of educating the workingmen of the province. The general meeting of the Council could take place at the same time and prizes be distributed to pupils of the Quebec and Levis Schools. An application has been received from the authorities of the town of Valleyfield asking the establishment of classes in that place, the rooms together with lighting and heating to be furnished free of charge by the corporation ; but for several reasons the opening of the same could not take place this year. Valleyfield is a manufacturing centre and I am of opinion that mechanical and architectural drawing classes would he well attended. The different schools controlled by this Council have been opened on various dates, but, I think it would be advisable that all be put in operation on the same date. The valuable results accruing from the instruction given are acknow- ledged from time to time and many men who have been pupils are now occupying responsible positions not only in Canada, but also in the United States. The following is a communication addressed to the teacher of the mechanical drawing class of Montreal which speaks for itself ...... : Ste. Catherines, Ont., 25th June 1900. Dear Mr. Graham. Your address was given me to day; I have many times wanted to write you thanking you for the assistance you gave me in my life’s work, 6 402 by teaching me mechanical drawing. I took lessons from you at the © night school in Montreal. What I learned there from you has helped me more than anything else in my life. I am now Superintendent of the Packard Electric Co., in this city and I thank you again for that assistance. Yours truly, R. V. BINGAY. During a certain period of the year reports have appeared in the papers re increasing the number of members on the Boards of the School Commissioners in some of the cities, Representations should be made to the Government re having members of this Council appointed school commissioners in the places where our classes are in operation. The members would then be in a position to examine the teaching of drawing in the schools and could carry into effect paragraph 5, of clause 1696 of . the constitution of the Council which reads as follows : * To make rules and regulations for the establishment, management, administration, and carrying on of a system of teaching drawing in all its branches in the schools under the control of school commissioners and trustees in conformity with the provisions of the law respecting public instruction.” The need of schools where young men can obtain practical and. theoretical instruction in certain trades is shown more clearly each year. There is at present very little provision for the instruction of tradesmen and mechanics in this province. No doubt many advantages would be derived from learning a trade in a well equipped trade school. During the present year the necessity of establishing Technical and Trade Schools has been seriously studied by the Boards of Trade of the Dominion. I think the Council should take the initial steps in establishing these classes in the most important centres of the Province. I feel satisfied that such schools would be well attended and, to commence with, instruc- tion might be given in plumbing, carpentering, house building, sign and house painting, and as the opportunity presented itself, other classes could be established. Strong representations should be made without — any delay to the Government, pointing out the importance of having such ~ schools in operation. Herewith are given details in connection with each school: 403 ——————————— ee MONTREAL SCHOOL This school was opened on the 22nd October 1900 and closed on the 29th March 1901. The following classes were in operation : Classes. Number of pupils. Average attendance, MEPOCHANG (J1) ....c0cc- cccsee stocecese sovscvees 119 60 Freehand (Sr)...... ss. Seapgreuaen coke onse 30 28 Architectural Drawing............csere seeeee 45 33 Decorative Painting...... .....cecce ssccscees 17 7 DTN, 6000 —0ccccenisschsduves cacersnasledease 50 24 Lithography ..........ssececee evceccsee soeeseers 12 10 Mechanical Drawing....... -ssersseeee soeees 63 38 Mechanical Draw’g. Pt. St. Chs.. ......... 28 19 Stair Bldg and Building Construction... 23 10 Plumbing and Steam Fitting.............. 46 36 Boot and Shoe Pattern Making............ 19 yD ilk Dress Cutting and Dress Making........ » 196 97 TCE EIO «2... 2.000 v.ccersscnne) sencacenersrarsagees 169 97 817 508 The total number of pupils shows an increase of 90 as compared with 1899-1900. Classes were opened later than last season and the attendance was quite satisfactory. The busts and medallions of several members were made in the Modelling Class during the winter. The inauguration of working from life models was a great feature in this class and I am pleased to say that the pupils who had the advantage of working in this section made good progress. It is intended to follow this method in the future for the advanced pupils. From time to time certain periodicals and trade journals were furnished to the classes. These were read and studied by the pupils. 404 oo 2a OF The pupils pay an entrance fee of one dollar which is returned to those not absent more than four times during the session. The amount forfeited is distributed in prizes to the most deserving pupils. This distribution of prizes will take place this evening, the 30th May a 1901, in the Monument National. The Committee has addressed a large a number of invitations and it is hoped that this public meeting will have _ the effect of making known the method of instruction given in the various branches and will help to increase the number of pupils. a The giving of awards to pupils has been seriously discussed by the . Committee and the members have come to the conclusion that the giving of medals and books treating on the different trades would be most suitable. The resident members and other citizens visited the classes on several occasions. The work as a whole is above the standard of former years. QUEBEC SCHOOL. The school was opened on the 22nd October 1900, and closed on the 3rd April 1901. The classes were as follows: Classes. Number of pupils. Average - attendance. Freehand drawing ....... . <2 fae Tee ees 42 20 Architectural drawing..... ......5- wo naie evens 28 13 Modelling «........seeeseres ae ance'taub ie yite ef 16 7 Mechanical drawing’......+. ssesscces sereveece 16 9 Carpentry vineissessrccevde deaveose. Gessanee denne 15 10 Plumbing): :. 0 solssssaseseseeindeen vassces svete 32 12 149 Ce Comparing the attendance with that of the preceding year, a decrease of — 190 is shown, but, as stated in the first part of my report, two classes were — 405 dress cutting), these being followed by 161 pupils, which would leave a diminution of only 29, The drawings and other pieces of work received for the exhibition are more numerous than last year and a credit to the school and teachers. LEVIS SCHOOL. This school was opened on the 22nd October 1900 and closed on the 28rd March 1901. . Instruction was given in the following branches : Pupils. Averags attendance. » Freehand Drawing-first yr...... 58 39 Breehand, second yr. sees scons. 31 18 SUPEAPERTVGL SY ... 2.04.5. sesswosavescones 17 7 TIES Fool sca vas sassyuase costannes 21 11 Architectural Drawing............ 37 19 Mechanical Drawing.............. 37 18 ENUM sion sc 0cceses cancohue nnaes> 37 18.- eT ane kee ads oul 37 19 275 149 The number of pupils shows an increase of 33 as compared with last season, and the attendance was fairly good. This school has a very poor collection of models for architectural and mechanical drawing classes and it would be desirable in order to secure more pupils, to provide these classes wrth new models. These could be acquired during the summer and distributed to the school before the opening next fall. A special amount should be set aside for the purchasing of the necessary models not only for this school, but for the classes in general Taking this into consideration 1 can say that the work forwarded to the exhibition is fully as good as last year and shows that good results have been obtained. 406 The resident member, Mr. Damase Lainé, takes much interest in the school and has furnished models from his establishment. This action on his part is praiseworthy. SHERBROOKE SCHOOL. This school was opened on the 28rd November 1900 and closed on — the 2nd April 1901. ; The courses in operation were the following : . Average Classes. No. of pupils. attendee Architectural Drawing............... 17 10 Mechanical Drawing...............0. 34 24 51 . 34 The number of pupils, compared with the preceding year, shows a decrease of 12, but the attendance has been very good. Owing to the limited sum voted to the school, the Freehand Drawing Class which it was expected to establish was not opened. The closing of the classes was the occasion of a public meeting held on the 3rd April at which were present the prominent citizens of the town. An exhibition of the work took place and a distribution of prizes was also made. The following is a list of successful pupils together with the names of the prize donors. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING CLASS. Ist prize, Chs Blais, Presented by Revd Father Gignac. 2nd “ Harold Ross, r: “ Mr. J. B. Verret. 8rd ‘* Peter Dunsmore, - “ Mr. J. B. Verret. 4th “ KE, Beaulieu, _ “ Mr. W. Gregoire. 407 MECHANICAL DRAWING CLASS. "Ist eee F. Avery, Presented ~~ Mr. 8. W. Jenckes 2nd Albert Wilcox, a) ‘ Mr. H. D. Lawrence. 3rd SC “~—s#FEH.._ Dillon, . “ Mr. 8. W. Jenckes 4th “ A.J. Michie, Fi “ Mr. D.W.McManamy 5th ‘“ Percy Bagley, ‘f ‘“ Mr. 8. W. Jenckes 6th “ 4H. T. Wilson, + “ Mr. 8. W. Jenckes. Tth “ &E. Robitaille, ‘ “ Mr. J. 8. Mitchell. ' 8th ‘“ Alphonse Dubuc, « Mr. J.F Lewis, wn 6©=—s« SJ: Houston, « Mr. Pelletier, M.P.P. 10th “