Sa on BS om a rl ai gee ee LIBRARY | ets a BIVISION OF HORTICULT F —CREPORT : MINISTER of AGRICULTURE] OF ‘THE fi PROVINCE OF QUEBEC 1903 JESBRA RS Fee 2 ee ENE: sex a it sate nmamnnt eit in 1 oy: (SRR CPR Sh RR Ss PAS IOS 1 SWINE Berks iinempne Qi: casscweclsdscokaes cancsten coat eee en ee eee on cadies 10 MMonkshitenbreed <..ceccss Salsesse- cles cooms eal Seen eas tm, oe Meee de : 14 @hester-Wihite breed ......... ..escss01 soos Teens LO Spy aR ee 38 INCOM TE OCIS teres atita ss iseacics vedaadtcdesceve tabcolouCcoek Aree tee ve cvck 30 otal yes Sos ecto tees 57 FRUIT TREES The fruit crop was an average one this year. For the instruction of our students, we always keep in the nursery a certain number of young plants. This spring we planted eighty grafts of the most acceptable varieties of apple trees. These grafts came from the splendid nurseries of St. Roch des Aulnaies. IMPROVEMENTS During the year, we did some drainage work. The levelling work, begun in the previous years, was vigorously pushed on. Considerable repairs were made to the dyke raised to protect the lands adjoining the river against the high tides. We also planted 500 young seedling trees. At the same time, the regular farm work was not neglected, and I can state that our farm is making progress and that our labors for the success of the great cause of agriculture, placed under your patronage, deserve the generous encouragement which you have given us and for which I thank you. STAFF OF THE SCHOOL Superior.—Rev. Grorars MIvILur. Director and Professor —Rev. Jos. RICHARD. Procurator.— Rev. ELZEAR DIONNE. Assistant-Director-—Rey. ALr. Dupont. Superintendent —Mr. CHaRLES BouRQUE, Kcclesiastic. Farm foreman.—Mr. AUGUSTIN FORTIN. Workshop foreman.—Mr. THomMas RAYMOND. The whole humbly submitted, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your humble servant, JOSEPH RICHARD, Priest, , Director. COMPTON MODEL FARM Hon. ADELARD TURGEON, Hon. Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honour herewith to submit my annual report for 1903. In September last M. le Baron Lepine delivered to me the Ardennais stallion and mares purchased by you in Belgium. I had no room in the stable for them all, so was obliged to add two loose boxes for their accommo- dation. I have worked the stallion enough to give him exercise, driving and on the team with another horse; he is very quiet aud easily managed and a most powerful animal. I had bills printed this spring and circulated them about the country to the effect that he would stand for the service of approved mares at the stable here. We have had quite a few mares to him and I expect that next year when his foals will be able to show for themselves what they are, the sire will be more patronized. He is certainly an acquisition to this part of the country and ought to cross well with the mares of this section. I have been particular and have refused to serve any mare that was not sound. The mares I have worked all the time since they came and they are a splendid team, plough well, work well on a wagon and draw any thing they are harnessed to. One of the mares foaled a horse colt on July 27th, a fine healthy animal which I have named “ Julian” and registered him in the stud _ book sent tome by your Department. I will also endeavour to get the names and breeding of the mares bred to the stallion so as to be able to start the stud book for the Ardennais breed in this Province. Owing to the extraordinary wet season last summer our ensilage corn was a very light crop ; however the hay, grain and roots were excellent. I cannot however say as much for the hay crop this year. The frost of the 24th May last cut down our young clover and did us infinitely more ‘damage than the continued dry weather ; we were over two months with- out rain. Mangold seeds and others did not germinate, there being no moisture in the ground, and in many cases we had to sow twice; turnips however came well. ] am sorry to say that the ensilage corn seed was not good this year, which necessitated its being planted twice ; however I hope for a fairly good crop. Our hay is light but still a fair crop and of good quality. I find that on this land a three years rotation of crops viz, oats the 1st year, ensilage corn and roots 2nd year, and barley, etc. 3rd year, is best suited to the cul- tivation of this kind of soil. The result 1s that even this year the hay is of good quality when, on land that was only ploughed once or twice, the crop is practically nothing but wild grass and very short at that. I have noticed that several of our farmers have followed our rotation and are pleased with the results. Asarule the farmer wants to get over his land too quickly, not giving it a proper rotation of crops, the result is that his hay seeds only give him one or two crops at most. 10 We are badly in want of suitable buildings to store the crop and house our stock; the old barns are far from being a model or modern in any way, and most expensive to keep up and attend the cattle properly in winter, besides being much too small for the purpose. I have been obliged to stack a good portion of the crop for some years past, it is most expensive and wasteful. Last summer I threshed a good deal of the crop on the field, but it entailed a large percentage of unavoidable loss. ; We have met with opposition in the creamery line, and to get our share of cream and keep our patrons, we have put a team on the road to gather their cream, and if we did not do it some one else would. With the high price of labor, the patron cannot afford to waste time bringing his cream or milk to the factory when some one will take it at his door ; such is the state that butter-making has arrived at. The principle of cream gathering in itself is not conducive of good result to the dairy interests of the province, but under existing circum- stances, it is not possible to dispense with it. There seems no doubt that the hand-separator has come to stay for some time at least, it may in some cases be benificial to the farmer, but if the separator be not properly nianaged there is no doubt a loss of butter fat, and if the cream is not properly taken care of, it is not possible to make first class butter from it. It seems a pity that some means cannot be effectively carried out to oblige all factories and creameries to take only first class cream and milk ; it is only by so doing that the dairy interests of this province are going to be helped and put on a first class basis; otherwise we are bound to deteriorate both in the quality of our cheese and butter. We have had a fair attendance of pupils during the year. Mr. John Ewing, our agricultural lecturer, was obliged to resign owing to other pressing business. Mr. J. A. Dresser has ably filled his place, and reports satisfactory progress among his pupils. Lectures on 11 different subjects have been given by Mr. Dresser which were much appreciated, viz.: formation of the soil, acid and base forming elements, experiments on hydrochloride acid and sodium forming common salt, testing the soil minerals and studying their composition, quartz, feldspate, the carbonates, the sulphides, etc., forest trees and their different natures, species, etc. Our herd of cows have done fairly well this past season, and the herd of Ayrshires is increasing all the time so that ina few years the herd will be composed entirely of pedigreed stock. I fear from the apparent scarcity of forage this year that stock will be cheap this autumn I hope to have enough to winter ours allright, but of course wili know better after the crops are in later in the season. We find that the drawing out of manure in winter and spreading it on the snow has worked very well, but not when the manure is too full of straw in which case it is put into piles to rot and spread in the spring. In my former reports, I have mentioned that this farm is capable of producing far more than what it does at present if some of the pasture land was brought under cultivation ; as it is now, more than one half the land is in pasture and it is run out and mossed over so that the grass is of poor quality. This land at a small outlay could be made to produce good crops but under existing circumstances it is impossible to do so. The land would require to be divided into fields fenced and in some places ditches made to carry off the water that comes from underground springs. These improvements would be of great benefit to the farm and would serve to show what a farm of this size is capable of doing There are other pieces of the farm which are also badly in need of draining. We are badly in want of an ashes house to put the ashes from the creamery boiler into, as it is at present we lose a good part of them as there is no proper place to keep them. I mentioned in my last year’s report having used a preparation for the potato beetle called “ Bug Death”. It is manufactured by the Bug Death Co. Ltd of St. Stephens. N. B. 12 The result of last year’s experience was most satisfactory, the beetles were killed and the yield of potatoes increased. This year, I tried Paris green twice but with little or no effect ; one application of the ‘ bug death ” dry had a wonderful effect ; the potatoes seemed to acquire new life and the beetles disappeared entirely ; so from my experience of this valuable preparation, I can confidently recommend it as of great value to the potato grower. The apple trees in our orchard are doing very well, but I am sorry to say that some of the plum and cherry trees are dead ; there seems to be something in the subsoil in this part of the country that is detrimental to plums and cherries; they live and thrive well for a few years and then from no apparent reason die. This spring’s frost unfortunately came when the orchard was in full bloom, the result is that we have not got anapple. Last year we had a fair crop from so young an orchard. Our asparagus bed did remarkably well and is easily cultivated, we cut on it for 6 weeks. The raspberries were all frozen, so there is no fruit this year ; they are coming up from the roots and will make nice cones for next year. The strawberries were also a very poorcroop. Currants, gooseberries and blackberries were a medium crop. I am in hope that next year, if nothing happens to prevent, we will have apples to dispose of. The whole district here is as badly off as we are ; no apples at all. I herewith send you statement of receipts and expenditure for the past year. Respectfully submitted, JoHn M, LEMOINE, Director. 13 P. S._Since writing the above the other Ardennais mare, Pierrette, has foaled a mare colt, J. M. L. Compton Model Farm, Compton, P. Q. August 21, 1903. STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE 1902-03 FARM Receipts Expenditure $ cts. $ cts. Government Grant 4,500 00 Director 650 00 Milk delivered at Creamery 976 95 Agricultural lecturer 123 35 Pigs 589 22 Foreman 400 00 Beef 217 50 Teamster 330 00 Horse 102 00 Cattleman 155 45 Hay 9 70 Hired labour 674 24 For Grafting 13 70 Gen. exp., hardware, lumber &c. 920 17 — Meal, bran, seeds &c. 1,085 87 Total $6,409 07 Fuel 224 71 Electric light 113 06 Implements 181 20 Postage, telephone &e. 56 76 | Stationery 34 15 Sundry expenses 25 ‘25 Buttermilk 20 23 Insurance 9 45 Express and freight 33 O01 Total $5,086 40 HOUSE Board of English Students $ 267 98 Servants $ 392 49 Laundry 101 48 Groceries 441 28 Butcher 469 60 Baker 85 85 Furnishings 166 68 Pxpress and freight 34 66 Insurance 9 45 Total $1,651 44 14 CREAMERY For Buttermaking $2,387 78 Instructor and Buttermaker $ 6090 00 Assistant and Cream Gatherer 261 25 Fuel 373 37 Butter boxes and tubs 406 00 Supplies, parchment ete., etc. 190 79 Salt 76 00 Oil 38 83 Repairs, lumber ete. 67 97 Insurance 193 97 Express and freight 55 97 Rebate paid to Patrons 96 82 Total $2,360 97 15 OKA AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL ANNUAL REPORT 1902-1903 To THE HONOURABLE ADELARD TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, On the 23rd July last (1902) our monastery was totally destroyed by fire. In the face of such a disaster, our school was momentarily obliged to close its doors. Some of the students, however, spent the winter with us, but as the work of the school had been officially suspended, they were not under control of the Government. In March last, we succeeded in re-organizing the institution, which has already, since April 1st, received twenty-five students. The number of the latter might be larger, but we make a point above all to admit subjects only who can really derive benefit from their stay here, and who can also extend that benefit to their fellow citizens later on. This is why, before securing admission, they have to produce certi- ficates and to undergo examinations, which are moreover required by your Department. ADMISSION We have to note always with regret that the elementary education of a certain number of the candidates has been either neglected or forgotten. However, when they manifest the desired qualities and apti- tudes, we deem it our duty to admit them to follow the classes, on the condition that they shall furbish up their education a little by means of a small preparatory course which is conducted simultaneously with the agricultural instruction. In the majority of cases, good judgment and good will supply the lack of education and these students, the sons of farmers especially, easily manage as a rule to keep up with the teaching and methods of farming in use here, provided always that these are within -the compass of their understanding and not too highly scientific. 16 Most of the students come here not to train as teachers or lecturers, but to prepare themselves for personally carrying on or managing an — agricultural industry or establishment. INSTRUCTION The diversity of degrees of education noted among the students com- pels us to somewhat increase the groups, and divisions, where the classes are concerned. However, with the system of teaching, which we have adopted, all can profitably follow the classes. This system consists in causing the students to work on tangible things, on the subject. Thus, if agricultural botany, v. g. fodder plants or weeds, be in ques- tion, the teacher, instead of waiting hours in class in dissecting the nomen- clature of a scientific treatise, confines himself to giving the list of plants to be studied with the notes requisite to the knowledge and use of each and then, going into the fields with the students, he enables them to study on the spot the form of such plants, the soil which produces them, their surroundings, the resemblances or the differences between them, ete. At the end of the month, the students themselves have to makea collection of these different plants, together with one or more written exercises showing that they have not lost their time, In this way, even the less educated reach a practical result. Notions of anatomy are imparted (according to the same method) especially in the cow and horse stables, the slaughter house, ete. And if. is thus in most of the branches of the programme. We find that with this system two classes and a few hours of study per day give more practical and beneficial results than many theories in the house and little practice on the ground. Among the older students especially, there are some, who in order to. establish themselves as soon as possible, want to follow a speciality : that to which they intend to devote themselves. As far as possible we allow them to do this, although we prefer to see all follow the complete course of two years. ily? To deny to a student of 20 or 25 years of age the privilege of studying only the specialty for which he desires to prepare himself would often tend to discourage him and, perhaps, to close to him the career which he is anxious to follow. The special departments, most sought after in this way are: the creamery, kitchen garden, orchard, apiary and poultry yard. The subjects of the theoretical and practical instruction are sub- stantially the same as those detailed in previous reports. However, at your request, Sir, we have added to our programme the teaching of fruit and vegetable canning. To this end, we have laid in a pretty complete outfit, which is so inexpensive that any farmer can pro- vide himself with it and easily operate it, especially when he happens to be in proximity to a butter or cheese factory, where the steam power will cost him nothing. This industry is a paying one and developing rapidly in this region. We have ourselves, this year, in addition to fruits, six acres of tomatoes intended for canning. %* An elementary course of veterinary surgery has also been added to the regular studies. Dr. Daubigny, V. 8., director of the Veterinary School of Laval University at Montreal, has kindly taken charge of it. He has already given twelve lessons during the quarter just expired and is to give in August next a second series of the abridged course, which he has had the courtesy to prepare for the students. DEPARTMENTS The principal departments in which the students are initiated in the practice of the different agricultural industries number fifteen. They were specified last year. I therefore confine myself to noting the most salient facts anent some of them. 2 18 In field culture, this year, we have to report the success obtainep on atest of sorghum as a fodder plant. The variety known as * Harly Amber” succeeded perfectly here and furnished an excellent ensilage, very sweet and well adapted to the feeding of milk cows. Sorghum or sugar corn is cultivated like Indian corn. It yields a fodder less abundant than the latter, but we deem it profitable to always grow a little of it for mixing with Indian corn, especially when there is a silo. Lucerne also succeeds well here, provided it be growa in soil that is mellow, deep and free from wet in order that the plants may be protected in winter by a heavy and regular coat of snow. Grown under such con- ditions, lucerne, in good or bad years. yields four or five crops annually, The first crop, notwithstanding thedrought, was taken off this year on the 1st. June-and the second will be ready before the 15th. July. In fact, it may be cut at intervals of tive weeks if not permitted to ripen its seed, We have enriched our kitchen garden with some exotic plants sup- plied to us by a French scientist, Mr. Jean Pateaux, and we hope to suc- ceed in acclimatizing some of them. The Physo/es, a small garden fruit, as big as a French cherry or a cranberry, is one that promises well in that respect. The Igname, a vegetable with long tubers measuring sometimes as much as three feet, is said to be excellent, but does not seem to be suc- ceeding as Well. The asparagus-lettuce has done well. In front of the school, we have laid out a kitchen-garden expressly for the students, who can pass their recreation in it usefully and pleas- antly. In the section set apart for experiments, thirty-five beds have been sown to vegetables and garden fruits and enriched with different barn- yard manures or chemical fertilizers : phosphates, nitrates, &c., &c. Thus far, the farm manures and especially the pigeon dung give the finest results, except, perhaps, in the case of some bulbous plants like onions, upon which the action of phosphates makes itself vigorously felt. In the cow stable, we are getting rid as fast as possible of the Jersey cows. They are not hardy enough. Our herd of milkers is composed especially of Ayrshires and Canadians. One of them gives as much as 70 tbs of very rich milk 19 As we sella good many young calves to the farmer’s clubs throughout the province, we thought it right to get a government inspector to put the herd to the test with tuberculine. Not one animal was found to be tainted. In the piggery, the Berkshires furnish the interlarded pork, that is to say a meat composed of a streak of fat anda streak of lean, which is mach appreciated on the city markets. The Yorkshires and Tamworths yield the bacon of commerce, while we keep the Chester-Whites for fat pork. All these animals are much sought after by the farmers’ clubs whose demands we are unable to fully supply. In the poultry-house, artificial incubation did not succeed well last year. This want of success was due, perhaps, to the inexperience of the operator. The manager of the poultry-house intends to go and study arti- — ficial incubation at the Ottawa experimental farm, where he will try to make it a success. In the creamery, where we use the U.S. and Alpha Separators, we have tested an invention which improves these two machines and which pro- duces a saving of 50 per cent in the ice required and 90 per cent in the oil. It gives the greatest satisfaction and we are waiting until it is patented to adapt it definitely to our machines In conclusion, Iam happy to state that the students from the city, who intend to devote themselves to colonization, can better than ever this fall and winter acquaint themselves with the work of jand preparing and forest clearing both from the agricultural and industrial standpoints. The necessity in which we are placed. of reconstructing our burnt buildings has decided us to erect a saw mill to cut the timber derived from the forest which we have yet to clear. The students will be able therefore to learn, not only how to clear the soil, but to turn to the best possible account the products of the forest. ] have the honour to be, Sir, Your very humble servant, G. Macatre Rrovx, Dis ertor. Trappist Agricultural School, Oka, Ist July, 1903. 20 = = OKA AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL LIST OF STUDENTS OF 1902-1903 NAME RESIDENCE Date of Entry Date of Departure Alix, NOGl...... ..seseee. cessor cereerer Ste—Marie, Montreal..............-. ES Archambault, Armand. .(St-Jean de Math al. .o.cccceressee|| (PON inctatlcncecooel 90 anesneneuees a Babin, Josepn........... -|St-Jean Port Joli. 1 July Babin, Albert... 4; oO teens 1 Aug. Beaudet, Anselme Beaudet, Joseph... Beaudet, Albert Baulne, Jos Benoit, Stephen 5 Boisvert, Rodolphe. Bourbeau, Emile.... Cardinal, Edouard. Casgrain, Léonce .... Chandonnet, George. Chaput, Gaston... Chartrand, Emile... Chouinard, Frangois.. Crépault, Isidore... Demers, Zéphirin.. Deschéne J.-C... De Miollis, Charles. Ferland, Philéas.. bord:an Forest, Paul-Joseph é Giguére, Simon Lamarche, Edouard. Lando, Benoit Lando,, Edouard. Lacroix, Sidney .. Lagacé, Alfred .. Lavallée, Aldébert. Lavallée, Arthur.... Lavallée, Emile... Legault, Emile .... Levesque, Jos... Morin, Honoré... |Ste-Emélie, Lotbiniére ee “ .|Coaticook... .|St-Isidore, Lapri airie .|Gracefield ....| Victoriaville .|St-Laurent, Montreal.. .|L' Islet .|St-Jean Desehaillons .|Montreal ...... “ an Mascouche...... ....|Chapeau, Pontiac. . |Fraserville Aue St-Adrien de Ham ...|L? assomption.. .|Contrecceur . ....|Mascouche.. ..|Montreal.... oe uc |Riviére Blanche, Matane _|L’ Annonciation ; L’ Annonciation .|St-Clet, Soutanges.. .../Soulanges “ “ ae Paris .. “ Mascouche. April......... 1902 Time ns ax easaee 1902 28 February ...1901 1 April...... 1903 February....1901 June Py rows 5eh 1/24 July. 3/30 May... 24 1 1 January. ae Panneton, J.-E..... 5 .... |Montreal ... April <2) ..:. 1903 Provost, Alphonse ... sors |SOTEL..en0 23 January .... Pagé, Emile.............. ... (Stualey .... 119 Sept... Pintai. Thomas.. .. {Champlain .. 4 May... Renaud, J.-B .... ...|Mascouche.... .| 8 April Roy, Sergius...... .|St-Constant .. {16 May ..... Sénécal, Arthur... Sorel. 2 July Turgeon, Roméo.......seseeseeverers St-Jean de Matha, ....s-... ssvescs.s 6 April ——— - ———- REPORT OF THE FARM AND HOUSE-KEEPING SCHOOL OF THE URSULINE MONASTERY AT ROBERVAL To THE HoNOURABLE ADELARD ‘TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. _ Sir, I have the honour to submit the annual report of the Farm and House- Keeping School of the Ursulines of Roberval for the year extending from the 1st. April, 1902, to the 1st. April, 1903. The project of acquiring the farm, which we rented last year, and to which I referred in my last report, is now an accomplished fact. Actually, we have 175 acres of land under tillage and 50 acres in bush. The greater part of the land under cultivation is not improved; nevertheless the year’s crop from it has surpassed our hopes. We have accepted a proposition by the Ottawa Experimental Farm to make certain experiments; the rest of our farming aims at restoring to the soil what it yields to us. All the products are used for the require- ments of the Farm and Monastery. We have relinquished with regret the cultivation of Indian corn in view of the checks which we have met three times out of five: I say, with regret, because we greatly appreciate the value of ensilage for cattle. We shall replace it with vegetables and are trying rape for the first time to feed it to the sheep and pigs. The cattle is Canadian stock mostly registered. Dairy products, 52,460 lbs. of milk, yielding an average of 1 lb. of butter per 21 lbs. of milk. Of our herd of 14 milch cows, 9 are from 2 to 6 years old. The poultry-yard is a source of profit to us both in winter and in summer, especially since we use crushed bones, vegetables and clover in the feed. The Housekeeping School was attended this year by 26 pupils; ave- rage attendancé, 2!. The applications for bursaries multiplied during the year and it is with regret that we find ourselves under the necessity of postponing or rejecting a large number of these applications. I have already mentioned that the pupils, who do not apply the selves to their lessons are sent back to their families aud replaced b- others; we have had to resort to this measure only in two or thrée in- stances since the opening of the Housekeeping School. The gold medal, offered by you, Sir, in June last, was awarded to Miss Gracia Perron, a third year pupil. We hope that this favor will be continued, for it acts as a powerful stimulus to the pupils. The programme which we follow appears to be well appreciated, seeing that it is asked for even from abroad; may it also meet your approval ! Hoping that these notes may be acceptable to you, I beg of yuu to believe me to be with deep respect. sir, Your very humble servant, Sister St. RaPHAEn, St PeriOrcSs. Ursuline Monastery, Ruberval, 20th May, 1903. Names of the pupils who followed the course of the Housekeeping School in 1962-1903: WisseiVMereieniic Gabhicrensts sncd-sasenncceeseecsaccrenecsenascsasee hacen eeeeeee St-André “ Rosanna Guillemet:.. vas eeoiee mother e Mannie Premblay:....------..- St-Gédéon FRIA II CE ROUICAU es scsescsesenees Island ef Orleans « Gertrude Girard... aon .Marievilie « ~ Marie-Louise Moreau............ Vaduces ea nawennecsbee tates seess.eveee V1 Stagsinl “ Marie-Louise Simard...... 1.6.0.0. : , sos eveee Ob: Prime ew TGe MON Meeserep-cere che Aas BS Roberval ee DEMISG OLE vases G « Ernestine Cimon .. Mary Vézina.......6 «- Théodora Talbot Eva Fournier .-..... .St-Jean Deschaillons. « Léonide St-Pierre . ca Sihvisessbacarueean ost: ecco WAI CONINGLOM: «scs) oe eeceeees 2 3s Chicontimi MLC: FLU COI) soac- he corihs shsttcas eheMceree ste ..t-Jé16me Mullett BYASSAds..cc.css cnecvavescecavarteersstases Coceeaceeemanes Roberval «Murray Bay .. Chicoutimi . Hébertville “ SVM. Jalie Birassard).ccst.cent. ; eats P © Isabelle Brassard......0+: sesccsees Se wSPline ess cas (cone ann aa mana ie eee evan Chicoutimi ; Vil cla’ SimArcl (acecccevecpedtiodtclesta escancte cod sav tduee ipeeCemmne nes eR TEINS net ee OS Tara Gath iera..-2 ocethe.-0p re oat Prime ..5t-Coour de Marie . Roberval M. Louise Gauthier PMMA ITE WMCWCON cece lanebantesarust “ M. Anne Trottier... a “ —M. Anne Savard es nclene ..Péribonea “Albertine Guillemet ......... iidvehee nadsinvey ix cktt ntereny Rbbbeageacs icon TLO / = =— oa —————— ST. HYACINTHE DAIRY SCHOOL The Board of Management of the St. Hyacinthe Dairy School has the honour to submii :— To the Honourable S.-A. Fisher, Minister of Agriculture, at Ottawa; To the Honourable Adélard Targeon, Minister of Agriculture, at Quebec ; And to the Dairymen’s Association of the province of Quebec—the following report on the operations of the St. Hyacinthe Dairy School for the year 1902-1903: The eourses of the School were opened on the i7th November, 1902, ‘and closed on the 29th. April, 1903; as usual, eight series of courses had been organized for the cheese and butter makers and further a new course of dairy industry for farmers was inaugurated this year. The course for candidates for inspectorship, which was held in the month of December, attracted 44 applications. Twenty-four (24) candi- dates passed their examinations, {3 on butter and 11 on cheese-making. Seven temporary certificates for butter-making and three for chees+-making were granted. The temporary certificates of inspectors P. E. Pelletier, J. B. Trudel, Narcisse Naud, E. M. Dion, and H. W. Armstrong, previously awarded, were converted into definitive diplomas of inspectors of cheese factorivs, with the note good. he temporary certificate issued in fayor of Mr. A. J. Monat, was converted into a diploma of inspector of creameries with the note good and the temporary permits previously granted to Messrs J. H. Leclerc and J. A. Huberdean were continued for a year. The course of dairy industry for farmers had 25 applications. The total number of admissions during the season was 240, of which 123 were for butter making, 92 for cheese making and 25 student farmers, The tendency to attend the school only in midwinter was again notable. The first and the three last courses wer: followed only by 49 students, while the four midwinter courses bad 165. 24 In the preceding report, the Board expressed the hope that, in the new school, provision should be made for the simultaneous acccommodation of a larger number of students. The plans of the school, drawn up by the engineer of the Department, warrant the hope of sufficient accommo- dation. To complete the table of the attendance of students at the courses, the attendance during the first ten years is summed up as follows: Butter Cheese Total ° 1892-1902 1082 1417 2499 Average for the ten years. 108 142 250 Butter Cheese Dairy Industry Total Winter 1902-1903 123 92 25 240 The student farmers admitted to the special course of dairy industry appeared generally to be satisfied with the programme offered to them. The Board has since thought that the course might, perhaps, be so divided as to enable those who have only a limited time at their command to follow a part of this course, the programme of which will next year be divided into three sections of one week each. The Board of Management of the Dairy School begs to express to Honourable Messrs. Fisher and Turgeon, who kindly placed at the Board’s disposal for the particular course some of the officers of their respective Departments : Messrs. Grisdale and Mortureux, Henry, Dalaire and Marsan» 1. its thanks for the mark of kindly interest, and 2. the hope that the assistance of these gentlemen will be again given to it this year. The following is a statement of the receipts and expenses of the Dairy School for the first year from 1st July, 1902, to 30th June, 1903: RECEIPTS CASH. STATEMENTS QUEBEC. TOTAL. Output, summer 1902-1903......1109 86 ..cceeer ceseeesee cases ses seenreeee 1109 86 Hederaligrantescscsccd sr sseres 2000 00...... SR EAC ERED Laie seupayeree asses 2000 00 Provincial Prants...cceeccocecececseslacdeovaleitecncenimns D5 O0N OOM ere cssett 2500 00 Associciation advanceS...-..«00... D280" 04 ova ac. esemecaneeetncidectentesecenes 230 04 3399 90 2500 00 5839 90 25 EXPENSES CASH. Shortage 1st July 1901............ 734 88 Factory furnishings................ 240 21 Water, heating and lighting..... 692 87 Washing, cleaning and sundries 348 87 MO PICCREXIPCHSCS..-2.. scccctescsstsees 241 19 SMUINER erie aiens sacs: Sacace vssenoncees 480 00 PRM AL CHAKSCS 22.0... cosecc scones 53 60 Utensils, apparatus and inst..... 352 47 “EGS A 196 51 3339 90 STATEMENTS QUEBEC. TOTAL. Me cnecHedessicnsnad sscrhcecttasacesss 734 88 Sant Son eOtO CONDE gD od met NCOe: 240 21 SOCCSNOS -DUCSSEEe spaces BARGES wedsct 692 87 3a; SAUIRDOBOEECH po soLcaebER ior ODE 348 87 sopn0o Beane 5800s. sesins:s. eee PROOCCBAK 2339 94 .. 2819 94 Jogsnesoniones TOD VOD). eos cece se hOomOe Hobocenon LOdeSeScE, ESdOHEUe SECC 352 47 BARC OREES 1OtOs0 NORUOMDBSLOUD OED C3” 196 51 2500 00 5839 90 The whole respectfully submitted, J. C. Cuapats, President of the Board. E. M. Casret, Secretary of the School. St. Hyacinthe, 16th October, 1903. COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURE Farmers’ Clues ano AcricuLTURAL SOCIETIES, JOUR- NAL OF AcricutTture_, Etc. Hon. ApELARD TURGEON Minister of Agriculture. Quebec. Sir, I have the honour to submit my yearly report on Farmers’ Clubs, Agricultural societies, the Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture, and the proceedings of the Council of Agriculture for the fiscal year 1102-03, approved by the Lieutenant-Governor in council. FARMERS’ CLUBS The number of clubs is at present 693, 14 new ones having been gazetted. 555 clubs received the grant in 1902, and 138% were not in Operation. 48,294 members of such clubs paid their subscriptions during the same year. The sum o!: $62,147.13 represents the amount of such subscriptions $22,427.50 i of the total grant to clubs. $11,239.87 was spent in the parchase of thoroughbred stock. $8,028.43 was paid in prizes for best kept farms, in competitions for dairy cows and others. %6,156.40 was devoted to the purchase of agricultural implements. $77,813 21 was spent for clover seed to be distributed to subscribers. #4,151.54 represents the cost of management of the clubs, the average being $7.46 per club. As may be seen by the foregoing statement, the oryanization of the clubs is a very economical means of doing much good 27 AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES These number 72, with a membership of 17,221. The sum of : $24,684.54 represents the amount of members’ subscriptions. $30,335.62 was paid them in grants. $33,459.29 was paid for holding exhibitions. $2, 058.13 was spent for farm competitions. $4.606.55 was spent for competitions for standing crops. $963 00 was spent for ploughing matches. $1.099.76 was spent for the purchase and care of stock. $3,650 01 was paid for clover seed distributed to members. We think that farm competitious, ploughing matches and bonuses for _ keeping stock should appear more frequently on their programmes. The sum of $10,692.81 was spent in expenses of management, being an average of $148.58 for each society. } ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE. The Department sends this official publication to abont 60,000 mem- bers of the various agricultural associations of the Province. There is no doubt that the farming classes assiduously read the jour- nal and other agricultural bulletins. The complaints we receive occasionally with regard to irregularities in the distribution, show that the people are anxious to get the journal. The secretaries of agricultural associations must not forget, however that they must send us the names and addresses of members in aipha- betical order at the beginning of May. Now the Department receives !)) per cent of the lists of members at the end of June and even during the later months. This causes delay in the sending of the Journal. OUR AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS GENERALLY Our agricultural associations have doubtless done and still do mach good by means of the programme they have laid dowa from the ontset. Bat after a careful study of the working of agricultural associations in other countries especially Ireland, Scotland antl Bolgiam, from which We import onr best brecding stock, we have come to the conclusion that, with the same money, we Should make much more real progress 28 CONCLUSIONS In the management of this branch of your Department, we have to check the accuracy of the 6120 documents sent us by the secretaries of the various associations. Our congratulations are due to the majority of the officers of the clubs for the willingness they display in drawing up the various documents. Our branch has sent out 15,529 circulars and other instructions to societies and clubs during the year. The correspondence covers 4,059 letters received and 4,102 sent out, many of which relate to information asked for in connection with agri- culture. The table printed below gives Jaccurate details respecting the work- ing receipts and expenditure of each club and society during the past year together with the recapitulation for every county of the Province. I have the honour to be Sir, Your obedient servant OCT. 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Municipality of Arundel .....-..0.... .seseescucees -ereenee 46] 33 00) 46 00} 25 00) 0 18) 7 03) 111 21 Parish of StS Atl GrGeeavecysenckiereues i atnepcanewereulleonens BB83 |Scee cleaves PME | Fectercrl || ccocc 58 83 46) 91 83 46 00 25 00; 0 18} 703) 170 04 ARTHABASKA, Municipality of Chemier...-.. ......ccsccsce cssea -ceneser 166 99 Chester-Hast .. : Sehstee|) 20888 Chester= Wieptitec:acscenssssnerectcccasi [POLL veccas any ao0||| oaeeeeell pam G Ln) Dian PwWAC kK oerssivenesiecusestieresecivecenseenl PP (OMntseants We a ..| 105 00 Warwick..., recobe ase 162 66 Parish of N.-D. du Sa osaire . ays 128 93 St-Albert de Warwick ......... -... 2 wepecenes|) 240003 $4-Christophe d’ Arthabaskea......|..... peace re 33 decwasee | (eee 794 Ste-Clothi!de de Horton...... 154 60 Ste-Elizabeth de Warwick.. ne 155 00 St-Husébe de Stanfold....... Wi ccet 50/427 25)... 512 75 St-Louis de Blanford.... 107; 4 68) 107 00 50 00) .-...... 16l 68 St-Norbert d’Arthabaska 94]......- 94 00) 47 00)......... 161 16 St-Rémide Tingwick..... 45) 105) 45 00} 25 00) 12 70 83 75 St-Valére de bulstrode..... nl ee ts leery 38 00] 25 00) ...... Reese aR Ste-Victoire d’ Arthabaska......... 111} 4 09} 111 00 50 00) 10 00) 0 66) 175 75 1359)207 24) 1366 41) 635 50 472 45| 20 82) 2702 42 BaGcor Parish of St—André d’ Acton...... csscese cases | caccee G94) fean sense 56 94 Ste-Christine ........ SlErccen (EYEE ESE apoco 79 88 St-Dominique .... ..... OO |teeceeens 100 00 150 00 St-Ephrem d’ Upton ---| 65) 4 12) 162 60 214 17 Ste—Héléne............00 -| 102} 9 93) 115 00 174 93 St-Hugues... 108} 12 95) 108 00 170 95 StoUiDoMrekeencouescaileticnsnnce-manteceneyil |keces By. | eee eeeas 6 12 St-Nazaire .. 81/ 18 95} 81 00 140 45 St-Pie......... 104| 17 00, 276 00 343 00 Ste—Rosalie. san 1A LORSO 74 00 140 50 St-Simon............... ot LO) avecevstl| POM OO) 151 00 St-Theéodore d’Acton..............| 103) 19 10} 103 00 175 60 838/243 49) 1120 60] 410 00) 13 50) 14 95| 1802 64 eS J io , n] mid 63 a : es _ CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE =u os o a . 3) se |sez|fc2| 22 | s2 | 2 | 282] 28. Be | £22 |e2e| ee | 22 | 3 | g22| 228 | tom | eumarns pepe las" | esl) OS | a oe las = ° ] j | | sstevslades | PLRE 20 58 83, 58 83 Gao nl a | 59.20] AT 23) .cccesccere 10 78, 58 83, 170 04) { 166 99 258 88) 161 00) 105 00 162 66 128 93} 243 93) 7 94.No longer on up 154 00 ¢ g 1 75} 17 00) 111 175 75) r 43 04, 145 30 177 20) 132 40) 1736 55 32 68) 103 32) 331 93) 2702 42 56 94|/No longer on up 79 88 No longer on up see ete weer reel) 48.00)... 5 12 No longer on up ee vo 15 LOS OOM caste oat neeees 151 00 0 50 12 92 16 00 175 60 ik Tusa) BOT 2Bloccccsss-/scccccsee] 1101 63| 6 16) 62 B1|-235 10! 1802 ba —— 64 == STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS , : FARMERS CLUBS Seles 7 z = (By counties) Sere er e q 2a 2's/2428| ao s = oS | Total Belacr| 25 o Z| aa = Sima i iv) mM a BEAUCE Municipality of Ditchfield & Span aine, Saeco Boeceocer 37| 16 Gayhurst-South .. .| 60) 10 Municipality of Adstock Teall toerences Aylmer... 138) 4 Broughton * 66] 14 Lambton. ........... 106) 10 Metgermette North. wee | 94 Shenileynre.s- senses: a0s 147| 26 Parish o! Saints-Anges... 100) 44 St-Augustin de Wo burn.. 25} 10 St- Benoit Labre . 106; 4 St-Come de Kennebe ir 40) 37 St-Elzéar de Liniére ... 119} 8 St-Ephrem de Tring .. 165) 20 St-Evariste de Forsyth faneess 269 St .FranGois .............. | 158) 21 St-Fréderic. OM evacke St-George.... ~| 140) 2 St-Hilaire de Dorseti..sccscse sssse 86) 2 St-Joseph de la Nouvelle Beauce.| 137)......... Ste—Marie de la Nouvelle Beauce..| 153) 1 St- Manin eeovssber secttenereseneneoe cece Rutbs Weassnsocs Receonnerese St-Pierre de eee A 62] 96 St-Séveérin......... 60} 26 St-Victor de ‘Tring. 101) 5 Mission of St-Ludger... Siti| heecentons 87 00} 43 50} 4 80| 17 50} 152 80 2321|727 00| 3412 74) 984 O00j}2464 86) 29 03) 7617 63 =!) —— ——- — BEAUHARNOIS Parish of St-Clément de Beauharnois......... Saiipeweares 32 00 25 00] 10 00)......... 67 00 St-Louis de Gonzague.... .| 36) 8 46) 39 00 25 00; 10 00) 130) 83 76 St-Stanislas de Kostka i eiSO| snccer es 50.90)" | 2500 |sorsecesnectemeey 75 00 StoVimoathber vanes snes ensvereees sees 42) 40 80 42 00 25 00}... . 107 80 141} 49 26) 163 00, 100 00; 20 00) 1 30) 333 56. BELLECHASSE Parish of N,-D. Auxiliatrice de Buckland...| 103}.........] 130 00) 50 00 St-Cajetan d’Armagh...... . .....+.. 8G) cesewees 88 00; 43 00 St-Charles Borromée, 101} 29 62} 101 00 50 00 St-Damien.., 45 57) 14 40 57 00 28 50 St—Etienne ‘de "Beaumon mea 26 46)... piegcae feconoekocks St-Gervais et Protais.. 45| 449) 4500) 25 00 St-Lazare: \asscaktnsnvsse0t 60) 51 00 60 00 30 00 St-Magloire 43) 25 00 43 00 25 00 St-Michel..... sven |i) 2S} 2b oe 3 00 36 50)... St-Nérée...... Sassis eos. 30) 28) 46 41 50 25 00 St-Philémon ...... BE St GROEN Rn | 62) 5 75} 7500) 31 00 St-Raphaél.........0. + REY oneal econ nesy eoaadceccis |t cenco gee: St—Varliery.cs. ccs cososcseeiveovev atuceriecseve| (ONS WL |s PLORMOO Me raORDO, 752/211 26| 870 50! 387 50! 80 40! 27 47| 1573 13- 65 CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING THE 31sT DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE > . I ai ge 24 B a | we of eoesed | see | $8 | 33 ey) oe | Sac ee 5 gc eo 8 oF 4a S 2 Es 3 one Total REMARKS pee as? | es | °2 | Bo fee fae eeeeeeeeeee low 45 34| 26 00 seeeee seeeer 94 38 94 38) No longer,in opera- 18 34) 223 34)\tion 3 28) 195 05 ll 41 66 31 911; 160 51 269 00| 269 00/No longer in opera- 9 tion 131 00; 131 00|No report 0 70\No longer in opera- . “ severe cesses) 78 55) 54 00) 30°00) il 45............. 174 00 sane . 55 00 0 05) 176 05 senses seesel o G1 00} .......2000.] G1 BO). re senses |eeccee cones |asseees secens 152 80 46 04] 171 50} 398 00) 528 67| 5217 33) 154 56| 220 04) 831 49) 7617 63 8 16 67 00 0 08] 75 00! 35 0) 107 80| SS eS EEE | reser eee 103 50 76 55 y 29 9 44 04) 333 56) Weakie esas 30 00 600 40 00) 130 00 222 57! PTE RRADO0|\s0sa50eccses| spcoveteoes | 86 93} 143 19) anives. 27 00).. ra | 23 00; 100 00) 190 62 aya feveetevees|. | ISLOO|, /OBKSOT 104 90 Wnitenent evens) ona ¢|p¥sndane cave 26 46 No longer in opera- 40 25} 74 49 tion | 60 00 141 00 Sptse senses |eceeer coseee) se, 000 snsnes| cesses nseees | 43 00) 93 00 is 29 80| 65 70). 130 88) : 41 60/41 4d]... 94 95 5 | 122 77 12 26 No longer in opera- 14 03 7 66, 216 O04) tion 17 99 | 125 26 42 40 | 190 75 | 843 62 16 12 94 84 | 242 15 | 1573 13 5 = STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS 5 feayeusil al 2 i PE Se/a-s| 38 a | 3 | 8S | Total Balsa, | te. lo. Scale eee Pasi) oie pose BN BgRTHIER Municipality of Provost, ......6. sssssee ceseseee eeeneeess 50} 30 08} 50 00} 25 00) 15 00) ........| 120 08 Parish of St-Antoine de Lavaltrie.. ...........] 81] 37 15] 81 35) 40 50) 24 75 -| 183 75 St-Barthélémi de Dusablé 144] 83 07) 144 00} 50 00] 2 49).. 279 56 St-Cuthbert................ 108 35 50 00/100 00).. 258 46 St-Damien de Brandon. 116 00) 46 50} 52 25 291 40 St-Gabriel de Brandon ... Ste—Genevidve de Berthier.. 265 07 222 37 137 00) 50 00) 41 00 104! 18 62} 104 00} 50 00) 49 75 St—Joseph de Ten orale: ine 70 30 St-Michel des Saints.. 175 25 St-Norbert... (ios 175 84 La Visitation ‘de Pie du Pads.. 63 00 970/270 82) 993 70| 437 00/289 84103 72 2095 08 BoNAVENTURE Mission of St-Francois d’ Assise ........ pacecces al feoilllereceseas 31 00} 25 00 91 03 Municipality of Carleton... ..........0 soos | 84) 75 73! 147 77) 42 00 265 50 MEUM ccertsintsersvavoleccccnsdsccreciocrs® 108} ....... 451 06 50 00 5OL 06 Matapédia ....... cba percen 166. 71)..-s0 cess connee veone 595 16 New-Richmond.. .. 0 32) 47 60 29 00 25 00 101 60 Port Daniel—East. 92| 59 74) 247 00) 46 00 364 74 Shoolbred. ......-. -.-- 109} 36 30} 109 00 50 00 197 38 Parish of N,-D. de Paspébiace... 25} 137) 3000] 25 00 56 37 St-Alphonse de Caplan 88} 31 01} 110 37) 44 00 185 38 St-Eonaventure.. .... 70) 20 50) 85 00; 35 00] 25 50) 31 70) 197 70 St.Charles de Caplan...............06 120) 2 05} 120 00, 50 00 172 05 744\1 G1 1/360 20 |392 O04 |97 21 | 37 55}/2727 97 BROME Municipality, of Bolton-Hagt. ... 000.05 scccceso! casecloseest|veeven|| GON 29| ccceadcoeses]| cocese\sesenill cxexaceell MaRetnay 35 29 Wastman... a 00|192 82) 31 09] 282 91 Farnham-East. . : ecebontltifeanenes Village of Knowlton. 501 22) 501 22 67| 35 29] 81 00 532 31 891 42 CHAMBLY Parish of St-Antoine de Longueuil. ane Ue ohan sens’ | LG GO! kane spake otuebnteeaVaee| Pehednakell Pane she 16 30 St-Basile le Grand... 50) 53 47 50 00 265 Ou)......... +e whoo]! 8 PLU St-Bruno de Mon tarville. . LOO eu seanes 196 95 50 00) 13 22) 28 91] 289 08 Ste-Famille de Boucherville.. 114} 33 66) 214 00 50 00) 7 00) 32 24) 336 90 St=Hubert..scrvcansscs cvsces 94) ..s.ca»| 136 00 BT OO) sees seus b cnsneps| | ROGHOO St-Joseph de Chambly....... css 104} 0 29} 104 00 60 00/563 64 TT 93 ns nl 462|}103 72) 700 95 222 00/583 86| 61 15] 1671 68 67 ‘©LUBS FoR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31sT DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE a S258, eo: ov Qa nm ‘ o Boiees| 2e2| Se | ee | 2 | Ses | sas es | ges eae] o2 a4 3 263 2_S | Total REMARKS Lond = BS oe £3 Og aon a Se eso las el mw |Ce.|as | 50 00)........000 83 40). . 144 00) ........000 101 35 186 21 130 15 100 22 96 30 108 00).. 38 00 1037 63! 16 26) 70 01) 255 41) 2095 08 No longer in opera— tion . 197 38 0 50 66 37 35 01) 185 38 Sescasvvees 197 70 8 05) 172 05 19 80} 86 1! 106 00) 331 90 ———— ss ——— —-— |\— -— Bie eectdeelccisce (osed stashed bode chess lite 35 29) 35 29) 56 29 9 4 -| 282 91) asa ageed 32 aap is re 72 00) SPL NGE Nesey cdoeve|ons seoes| 501 22) (er | coke ras 557 51 32 40 256 14 2 50 7 58 35 29) 891 42 i EY RI aaa 5 a lan ad mar Wa | | eet we¥as|lavses Ae Were ad : | 1630) 16 30)\No longer i opera- dete vend } 78 22} 128 47\tion esensntcnel, OlpORwe! «C0 Bal | -B GO) cove coiene 289 08 see 115 90) 214 OD).cce ieee) 7 OO) sere. senees 336 90) ao ist 169 92| 183 00| We) cesauet |esgsveceeees|voeve 46 29) 717 93 81 44 — 116 90,1128 59}; 20 °7 15 75} 309 73! 1671 68) 68 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ FARMERS’ CLUBS (By counties) RECEIPTS Balance Total Number of mem bers Subscrip- tions Grant Sundries 1902 on 31 Dee 1901 Deficit in Parish of Parish of Parish of Municipality of Parish of Mission of CHAMPLAIN N.-D. du Mont Carmel............... Cap de la Magdeleine., Ste-Anne de la Pérade. ....... eee St-Frangois—Xavier de Batiscan.. Sta lu Cicccssseensleecssocsticiseaerseioes os St—Maurice.. St-Narcisse, St-Prosper... St-Sévérin ..... St-Stanislas de la. Riv. “des Bnvies Ste—Dhocleslceccgeesssssereesntereas St-Theophile du Lac. St-Tite.. Visitation de. Champlai oe CHARLEVOIX L’ Ass. de N.-D. des Bpoulencn ts: Ste-Agnés.. copecats St-Etienne de la “Malbaie... Hs St-Fidéle de Montmurray -. a St-Hilarion de Settrin gton| eencbite St-Francois de la Petite Riviére... StolnénGextecsseccie-eccusansespieceioce G. St-Louis de l’ Ile aux Coudres... St-Pierre et Paul dela B. St-Paul. St-Placide... Ss St-Siméon .. St-Urbain ... CHATEAUGUAY St—Jean Obeysoat hme. Racceedestsanes St-Joachim.......... * Ste—Martine. . Ste-Philoméne.... ie St-Urbain, Premier, .......... ..... CuicourTimi Ba POtville)seccevssteconpreotes-secenteysad Bourget ...... Chicoutimi, Grande Baie... anaes hoon KG OPA Mi vee.cetpsencesvcostean a cae St-Jean..... Trem ula N.-D. de Laterridre.. roosts 150. TA) ce. ccoccecce | sose-seeacoe] ceantnneel ieeaen see) marr Ena 0 50 0 os) 6 1213|336 39) 1309 00; 544 00/485 78) 10 45) 2685 62 a5 | tiseeseee 614 47 100] 2 67| 632 52 59| 42 04| 59 00 117| 53 75) 160 50 273 | 2480 80) 90 00 96 00 350 00} scien 58 00/ 29 00] 17 00\...au-, 33 00) 25 00) 0 33 277| 92 61| 277 00 6 ieee | 67 00) 27) 3 60} 30 00 106] 54 56) 106 00 108) 50 00! 108 00 sever] GL G2). 0 + case (ne 86) 57 13 86 00! 43 00/643 57). | 829. 70) 141} 57 17| 193 00)’ 560 00)226328)......... 2563 45 114,100 00) 114 00 50 00/875 00) ......] 1139 00 St-Domnique de Jonquiéres fe St-Fulgence........--- sea || St-AMbrOIwe.. sivcccse ssvscru se ce ee | | | | ) 118] 26 88! 113 60) 50 00)L1379B) ssc. 1327 83 39] ....... | 40.00] 25 00/543 26)]........ 608 26 5 | 23 25} 61 00} 27 00] ....... titted PoE SSG 855. 4/04 518) 918 00 | 403 505/565 71)... 7291 72) 69 f EXPENDITURE eB Cie Go nd o 3 Dem 23 a5 |gs2/Se2/ 28°] 52 | & | he] ga : es We So of = os 24 = ago 248 Total REMARKS. oT 28s 5a. 8 rie on 5 624k Cioran a uo uo oe) Ss n FS] aes sare 5S 10 00 |No report No longer in opera- tion 10-00} 266 45| 143 00| 2386 23} 9 89| 72 73| 360 53| 3248 83 ee 76 50|.s.ses.00|. 16 44| 21 06] 135 00] oo 17 70) 446 00)..... ... 4 45} 62 27) 530 42) 11 15} 20 00 «| 2000) 29 00 3 60 9 93) 10 32) 104 00 TAOS seas ssc cce> Saschcwcs ee 42 G3) on oe secee 1 15) A 68) sccseessves 65 14 Peay hinais's sve ag | casucnuqnet'e bantepaiaavas 56 19} 56 19/Vo longer in opera- ee ——|—- ---—|tion 80 33} 551 50) 34 50) 149 84) 890 75 No report — 2\No longer in opera— tion 82 00| 181 35| 6283 52) 13 17] 114 60| 579 99| 7291 72] 70 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE oF FARMERS RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS Sa ‘ sf a (By counties) us ss. ae = FI 2a ageless] 32° | £ 4 2, eet ~~ = Bales | Z Fae Re Compron Municipality of Maraton—South...... .coesseeee eseeeee| 34) 11 44) 34 00] 25. 00} 10 00 Feevesens 80 44) Winslow-North.... n -| 21234 Whitton..,...... .| 70} 38 57) 70 00 252 42° Auckland. 103) 27 49} 105 00 400 30+ Bury...... 5 62 08)....05 wee 62 08 Chesham.. 32) 1:93} 33 00 59 93: Clifton... 89) 14 71 89 00 153 06 Ditton & ‘Clinton... | OIRO eee 70 00 35 00/285 94] 37 78) 428 72 Emberton...... ..... P § sesee | 223 60 Hereford..... ‘ Seeeeenen 85 18 Hampden c 0 6 Marston... 198 03: Mégantic (village). 62 90 Waterville (village 67 84 Westbury.............. 53 60) Winslow-South... ape 35 60) =. 25 (00/119 5 217 21 Parish of St-Zénon , Piopolis. Sayadlaceresteececksae!| #AG|Unoscaess 46 00! 25 00} 98 70) ....... 169 70: 833/393 17) 837 14) 450 00/979 75) 67 89) 2727 95. Deux—MonTaGNnEes — —-— — ——. —__ | -—. Parish of MPA DN ONCIationce. wWersccessacccosecces| 1/40 |fscstcess 48 93 73 93: St-Augustin..... .| 107) 16 73] 107 00 175 13: St-Benoit.... 105} 7 25) 105 00 162 25. St-Canut..... 30} 265 75 30 00 Morey |p LUGS By St-Hermas..... .. 117} 9 39} 117 00 50 00} 32 00)......... 208 39 St-Josepb du Lac. Roeedl|tsnetacetl| ceccsen aeee 2 85 Ste-Monique...... . 102} 38 50) 108 00 196 50 St-Placide........... ser Momanelil. tea GO eben: ate uepd loam ke ctoemacel Fa 72 50 Ste- -Scholastique..... Sisractieusonbeaten 103} 8 82) 103 00 161 82: 610|178 94] 618 93} 300 00} 69 57] 2 85) 1170 29 DorRcHESTER — oe —_— Parish ot St-Anselme..... eee | 105} 8 20) 105 00 50 00} 14 41) 62 00) 239 6h St-Bernard..... «| 162} 34 00| 234 00 Ste=Clairesee-civnatemere ...| 114] 6.30/' 114 00 62) 81 63 62 00 241) 117 00 ® 22) 140 00 67 19 57 00 St-Léon de Standon.. 0 35; 30 00 Ste—Marguerite.. : a 3} 53 10) 126 00 St—Maxime ......0. 060-0 seceeee 3 60 41 00 St-Nazaire de Buckland... .... 25 00 30 00 St-Prosper de Watford 30 04) 107 00 Ste-Rose de Watford... | 8 15] 70 00 St-Odilon de Cranbourne.. ........ | 43) 37.00) 74 00 1203/363 19) 1307 00) 644 50) 37 66) 67 72] 2320 OT St-Edouard de F Framptonis. Ste—Hénédine... Sc-Isidore....... Ste—Justine 71 EXPENDITURE 1 na . s es ao, |] a4 = B = of Soules | 2a2|-a9 | s2 | 2 |Sé-)88. ae |ses|eae| 38 | 23 | 2 | ee | $23 | cot REMARKS an | 852-) 578 Epa Os EI oe | aon a a? We) 0° a. n 8 ms SSS SS Peeeeee tn BODO ccaee: eos SSO 17, O0l foeseeesons 5 19] 19 25} 80 44 aa apasiive 15 00 81 40 81 60 2 48 14 53 17 33) 212 34 ove seecesaceess | coesee secce 171 36 1 20 12.97 34 89) 252 42 -| 318 06 6 00 8 85 48 39) 400 30 ncorhpocera| Wbeor athe pecee 62 08) 62 08)No longer in opera- 00 20 93 59 93|tion 07 9 09} 153 06 64) ..cc0eseeee 428 72 j 09 55 33) 223 60 87 20 16 85 18 0 60) 60|/No longer in upera- 26 17 72) 198 03)tion aunssiasont 62 90, 62 90/No longer in op. 36 4 49) 67 84|No longer in ope.a- | eomees onnped 53 60 53 60)\tion DG tics cascucons 217 21 48 10 25} 169 70 —— sd 75 11) 198 75 33 50) 589 05) 1237 81 29 26) 127 46) 437 01) 2727 95 ——— oe 2 85) 187 20 42 00). Petes “72 00 73 36| 70 6 25 322 65 113 15) 136 00) 2320 07 SOCIETIES ror THE YEAR ENDING 31sT DECEMBER 1902 tion . Expenses o 9 5|No longer in opera- 1901 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ ; RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS Sola aie (By counties) BES 2 ete - Fie ae Sela-s| oa =I 2 —oS Total Ba\S52| 258 aS Br | ea ees Za\@e | a a |\|da- — ee DRUMMOND can ame Of Durham «.....c.e6 seeeeeeee s iidserl ecseeuny AliGeatesse- 55 00 179 13 Danae BN SSI SOO tha Q0 96 00 Granvans 60} 30 80 60 00 120 80 Kingsey.. 109) 40 94} 109 00 199 95 L’ Avenir... wees Ae DROO reves 225 00 Parish of St-Eugéne ‘de “Grantham. 132] 32 19} 132 00 214 19 : St-Germain de Grantham. 174| 17 66) 174 00 251 66 Municipality of Wendover & Simpson... Deal MtAll lea eseaces 74 00 111 00 : Wickham-West......... silfecwens 114) co.cc 114 00 164 00 741/354 10) 749 00) 317 00/108 00) 33 63) 1561 13 GasP£ Municipality of Havre Aubert....- --++-::erss0e srseesees cet Parish of N.-D. de la Grande Riviére ! Ste-Anne des Monts.. : St-Martin Riviére aux “Renarda... reece St-Michel de Percé.........e00 ---22++- St-Norbert de Cap Chat . we.| 31] 48 42 St-Pierre de Malbaie «s.r seceseeee| sree 36 42 103/316 03 HocHELAGA Parish of L’Enfant Jésus, Pte aux Trembles}..... | 75 09)... seses lessee ereeee|s ce cone | core St-Joseph Riy, des Prairies.......-. 41) 6 41 St-Léonard de Port Maurice....... |... 7 70 Visitation du Sault au Récollet... ieee 22 68 41}111 88 HouNTINGDON Municipality of Franklin Havelock.. St-Anicet .... IBERVILLE Parish of St—Alexandroweccserectvassccsatenncssnn 93] 28 49 312 74 Ste-Anne de Sabrevois yh | area 95 73 95 73 St-Athanase de Bleur TOA cesses 154 00 Ste-Brigide de Monnoir... 89) 50 33 183 83 St-George de Herryville. 109) 3L 82 258 02 St-Grégoire le Grand, «| 81) 74 50 196 00 St-Sébastion .cccessseve sovcarcvesn sees Ld] Brestacws 164 00 590\280 87 1364 32 73 CLUBS ror THE YEAR FNDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE % i= ney 1 » on Cre Zo EA g a 1 ae Seles | see | as a a z S&2 | an as es e8E | ef | 28 % | s88 | S28 | Total REMARKS 2 ol) rede = = 2 aid Ss. s = =) os cpa a ae acs = | ao os n |O8 Be per ap, 09 No longer in opera— 122 76).. tion 165 30 74 00) 106 02 21°29) 121 75 6 00) 343 80) 582 08 8|No longer in op. 5 No longer in op. No longer in ooera— tion 2\No longer in opera- tion 75 09 75 09/No longer in opera— 3 09 72 41\tion 4 7 70 7 70/No longer in op. 22 68) 22 68)/No longer in op. es so ete ee 26.00) 8B 18l.:sc: Aves 5 19 108 56| 177 88 (i ee ee ee eons | socvs cosewe| soees apnes | 4 68 4 68/No longer in op. ‘ Bai peal |e | 3873) 38 73|No longer ip op. “g4 21,8 00} 15 40) 40 90| 166 51} | 9421 800 1540 8431 209 92 Sarealtianta (| eB Ce 5| 54 40) 312 74! asi| vgesbeanesec| (ee altanpaieuate 95 73,.No longer in opera- 154 00 tion 183 83) 258 02) rs 196 00) MUEIGG Vssexos cecese|sbucen sess % | 164 00) _—-—— assssveteves! 113 80) 242 51) 176 20) 387 00) 200, 60 64! 392 12] 1364 321 74 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ FARMERS’ CLUBS Parish of Parish of Municipality of Parish of cf (By counties) Number of mem bers J ACQUES—CARTIER Ste-Anne du Bout de I’Isle......... Ste-Geneviéve ——.. 2. oo St-Raphaél de I’Ile Bizard........ a0 JOLIETTE Bienheureux Alp. de Eodnigney St-A mbreise de Kildare..... Ste—Béatrix ........ St-Charles Borromée . te, St-Cléophas de Brandon. St=Comews way aS Ste-Elisabeth ....... Baas Ste-EmSlie de |’Energie St-Félix de Valois..... St-Jean de Matha .. Ste-Mélanie ............. St-Paul de Lavaltrie ...... nae St-Thomas de Jersey Nord....... < KaMourRAsKA Pobénégamook. .... vsnase N -D. de la Riviére Ouelle.. N.-D. du Mont Carmel ...... St-Alexandre St-André... s Ste-Anne de la Pocatiére... .- St=Brunowee. eae St-Denis .. BN) St=Germain.iscesiscctesieoescn ee Ste-Héléne ........ St-Louis de Kamouraska, St-Onésime . St- PacOme.., aipee “ St-Pascal ... .... iaresstterees St-Philippe de NGrivacstssscsaseheens || 1262! 512 70 1637 00) RECEIPTS eo | & ey] ene saz ei >) +a ons] 32 | 2 | & | 38 | tom ROS i eee io) Syl aies aa a KH 1a io) a ee ee eR eV sracosceca|fecostGnecens|l sotcety 9 47) 100 00 "50 ‘00 10 00}.. 21 75} 110 LO} © 50 00) ..a.... 180 04} 210 00; 100 00) 10 00)......... Perec: 109 00; 50 00).........]. css} 159 00 37 14) 138 00 18 73} 106 69 coves 31 00 19 00 35 00 19 53) 111 00 6 52) 176 00 eee] 165 00 15 93) 154 00 sesenes 149 00 9 31) 103 00 2 16 43) 109 00} 50 00/466 49) 97 53) 739 45 96 90} 123 00} 50 00) 1 84)........ 271 74 239 49) 1510 69) 600 00/839 82/114 73) 3304 73 —S | —— | ——— 75 . ‘CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING THE 3lsT DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE Lila: Wile ite a etek een Deficit| “3.2. | $22] 34 Z 2 |se 23 % ao eas a ‘% ws D in SSS )/252 |) s2 | 8 | 3S | e282] 223 | Total | REMARKS Ol jes | SLA} Se | Os 5 |o@8 | ann : ao a? Ayo 2. n A pais 130 95}........ spit soc onn dance 209 00)..... .. sacs 10 30; 149 79} 500 04) 499) 219 00) 279 23 58 50) 2360 37 27 56; 103 99) 251 09) 3304 73 29 55 97 05 sesso eee] 306 44] 11 58} 211 07 : 331 29| 331 28\'No longer in opesa~ 0 57) 103 50\tion 68 7b} 171 78 25 69) 62 00 cece 178 01 141 76 § 89| 346 91 9 42 96 95! 0 82 6 16) 140 12 7 20 00] 164 Ui] 211] 9 OOl.srersaeee.| 217 1 76 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS FARMERS’ OLUBS See ia = = By counties) ee (ea eel eae 2 oh | ee = Sela e| 28 2 3 | 3s | Total Belaes| 35 1c} 5 | on Bealag n n 1a Lake ‘St-JGun Municipality of Albanel...... ..2...ccscssecaes ceeee coarse 26 50) 0 48) ........ 151 04 Heébertville 2341 00 Parish of Mission of Parish of Parish of Pansh of Normandin & Alba St-Méthode.. Las Notre-Dame da Lac. St-Bruno .. od St-Ceur de Mario. St-Félicien.. Serena de ‘Sales . St-Gédéon... St-Jéréme ..... St-Joseph @ Alma... St-Louis de Métabetehouan. St-Brimeiire.aicosencvess Gocuace St-Thomas:d’ Aquin ag Notre-Dame de la Riv. aux Dorés .. St-Michel de Mistassini.......... LAPRAIRIB St-Constantes.ccs-ecsrasacsasitinersesstee St-Isidore .......... 2.4 St-Jacques le Mineur.. St-Pihilippersrscasersansceeseseerccevesect L’ ASsoMPTION L’ Ass. de Repentigny...... L’ Epiphanie ... St-Charles de Lachenase. St-Henri de Mascouche . St-Lin de Lachenaye... St-Paul l’Ermite... o St-Picrre du Portage de iy Aas. St-Roch de PAghipaD. a3 St-Sulpice .. LAVAL Ste-Dorothée.. phellvunsghedap ean St-Francois de ‘Salles. ‘ St-Martin ......... deers Ste-Rose de Lima... St-Vincent de Pail ees | 1440)\1128 98) 4093 02 | 104] 13 16 64| 65 98} 64 00 100)... «| 100 00 42| 3 65) 43 00 83) 25 50) 83 00) 289) 95°13) 280 00) 69) 16 44) © 95| 20 27 48 001811 41 752\164 15| 752 00) 364 00105 75 103 67 166 50 186 94 243 17 1 02 159 90 214 41 119 94 190 77 1386 92 375 94 175 23 154 00 202 01 177 49 1084 67 TT ee CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE cs +o wo. rv) ws n D ° se |eze|ga2| 22 | se | 2 | 2h | 84. ge | £23 |282| 22 | 22 | = |g22| 225 | tow REMARKS = ca = leet oot = = 2 =n4 oD PS) s Ss =, ce =) Bioe rec im oh ee ma |OR |@g A Rep. 1897, 1898 & 1902 No longer in opera- tion 3,No longer in opera. ) tion 281 07 707 89 151 00 238 50 184 52 137 42 75 11|No longer in opera- — | | —_ | | KtIion 97 09; 180 00 209 10, 512 34] 6078°73) 33 18) 137.08) 772 80) S017 32 62 00 75 00 15 50 83 00)... 235 50} miertc.|e 24 00)..... tne], EB500) ! OB CO) sdiee tence Pera: 103 67 cf Seats | oN 00) 166 50 6 84) 186 94 16 15) 243 17 Revnaes 1 02\No longer in opera- 6 26 8 15 159 90\tion % 26) 3 16) 214 41 13 00 20 00, 119 94 15 37) 34 00) 190 77] ee | ae | Oe eee eee 1 02} 158 50| 64 65) 239 60) 653 35 43 84) 76 93) 149 13) 1386 92) | | | | 36 00| 316 89} 400, 1246) 6 59) 375 94] .| 3000} 40 00)......0.] 850) 71 98) 175 23) dl cstyotaasyos 94 00) creer coves 5 00, 700 154 00! 20 00; 126 00).. ' 27 06 3 45) 202 01) ay tas. |g 1001/00 ners le bec leten pos 177 49) 86 00! 676 29| 4.00) 6401) 89 02| 1084 67\ 78 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ Ste—Agathe......eerwsecesese os St-Antoine de Tilly. St—A pollinaire Ste-Croix ....... St- Edouard ... Ste-Emélie de Lotbiniére.. St-Flavien ...... eo St-Gilles de Beaurivage. St-Jacques de Parisville.. St-Jean Deschaiilons...... St-Louis de Lotbiniére... St-Narcisse de Beaurivage.. St-Patrice de Beaurivage..... Ste-Philoméue de Fortierville..... Dt—-Sy]Vestre .ocee seccseces sesee see ts ae RECEIPTS 1 Q — : = Teor cliey 5 5 3g Em B = = i) we be Pan! 23 ASE ae 3 3 | ‘SS | Total a e|yger| 25 ic 3) ex calas a na |e L&vis Parish of ND. de la Victoire........., ..eceee 56] 10 38} 56 00 St-David de |’ Aube Riviere. «| 38) 680) 39 00 St-Etienne de Lauzon.. S| Sie Fy RES By ul) St-Joseph de la Pointe Levy. «| 36) 20 25} 37 00 St-Lambett.... ... Siweseppacisncan 112} 4 25) 108 66 St-Nicolas.. : co | 88) 405) 89 00 St-Henri de ‘Lauzon. sons s- «+| 124) 20 04) 135 00 487) 80 52) 497 66 L’Isuget ‘Parish of N.-D. de Bonsecours....-.... s+. NO'7|ccecctes 185/00) SOOO) eecceess | eeeeeeee 235 00 St-Aubett.......... 102} 061) 102 00} 5000) 5 2 "20 04| 178 00 St-Cyrille de ‘Lessard St-Euyéne..... ... ........ St-Jean Port Joli . Ste-Louise... St-Marcel ........ ; St-Pamphile .. Ste-Perpétue... St-Roch des Aulnaies.. LorTsBrnigRE ‘Parish of St-Agapit de Beaurivage..... ...... |1488/531 39) 20389 92) 659 506613 95] 77 52) 3912 28 79 CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE I 2 os cs) n n ‘ ° ep <3 ea2 26 & 2 3 he Eee 8&8 $52 ° #E| og 44 3 2 S 2 Ex Total REMARKS coal -— BS = ea =O peepee jas® |) a5) Ce} mm }oa |e sesbaSiasen BL OO ccsacdiconse 54 00 1 00 1 65 14 23 95 38 ee eee 235 00 OOS cadiceweue 178 00 25 26 0 28) 216 54 15 68) 38 92) 272 60 5 50}.......... | 214 04 002; 4967; 115 19 BRAS te ewntsece 242 00 23 41 1 74) 386 84 10 30; 76 00) 243 30 5 00) 36 49) 131 24 38 96) 113 00) 274 50, 49 60) 1451 06 0 80} 103 73, 203 10) 2234 75 23 42) 298 31 88 00; 88 00)No longer in opera— 49 89) 156 O00\tion 2 91 2 91/No longer in opera- 4 50) 293 00\tion 11 98} 182 37 86 47, 234 99) 45 00) 220 90) 10 54; 122 18) 160 00 seed |aneces soos 559 63 15 30 8 00). te nee? vepaes 151 00 sseceesceses| 130 OO) .cceee seeree|sesnereeenes é 36 234 20 LGM vaains cases]. 116 00 g 27T 50 Sesees scones |sesee sesees|seneesseunes|eeeee scbens 692 29 2 45 8 20 31 26) 734 20 Sssevaccsess|sosser soe | 8700) 97 20 2 50 10 31) 0 08) 197 09 19 11; 143 00) 263 95) 457 50) 2445 78) 48 82| 120 03) 414 09| 3912 28 80 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS fhe ike 4 @ z (By counties) Be 2ac ina 8 & |e a elsoo| 2. a “S| oS | Total Belge | eo Soe ee A E 5 nm n a MAsKINONGE Parish of St-Alexis......... seeeesoet| LOU St-Ant. de la Riv. du ‘Loup. 138 St-Charles de Mastigouche,. 102 St-Didace.. ee 116 St-Joseph de Maskinong : 131 St-Léon le Grand...... .... 110 St-Paulin.............. | 104 StediuStilters+ssssesseeasssie Soa eoSseahate 148 956/223 96] 1464 12) 400 00/256 59) ........ 2344 67 MEGANTIC Municipality of Parish of Municipality] of Parish of Municipality of P arishjof Mission of Halifax=NOrubi.cccccccsrcacetouess icceve Halifax—South.... Ireland—North ... Leeds—Kast...,.... Thetford-North. Thetfo d-South . Notre-Dame de Lourdes... St-Antoine de Pontbriand Ste—Anastasie de Nelson. ..........+ Ste—Julie de Somerset. ......06 cesses MIssiSQuol Bedford (Town of); Dunham..... .. Farnham- ‘West. N.-D. de Stanbridge... oD St-George de Clarenceville......... MonToaLM Chertsey... Kilkenny... Wexford St-Alexis St-Jacques de dainnsaee Ste-Juhenne.. St-Esprit..... Avo 52 18} 215 50 moseed 'siee 145 00)... waveqsacee ti MAO 23 87 45 00), 67 28) 157 00) phate faten Kees 17 18 17 18 25 15 UG) OO | visser vsveee 427 00) 335 96; 32 01 60 74) 277 87 1165 33 86 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS” RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS So aE iy 2 3 By counties wolOos | nm 2 = ay (By ) S2\sCs) gs a 3 | Se | Total gElSuc] 23 is Be eicy 2elfqa | a 2) a la v4 ° PorTNEUF Parish of N.-D. des Anges de Montauban... St—Alban d’ Altom...........0..-ceeeee Ri Avena de Demaure St-Basile . St-Casimir ae St-Charles des "Grondines., Ste-Christine.. Ste-Famille du Cap Santé. St-Frs de Salles de la Pte aux Tr SS t—Gullberticcsctsaet scnseccey aasieses paeeen St-J.-Bte des Ecureuils.. . Ste-Jeanne de Neuville. ... St-Joseph de Deschambault.. St-Léonard de Port Maurice . St-Raymond, Nonnat........... St—ROmieies..ccesesscce tress St-Thuribe. St-Ubalde QUEBEC Municipality of Stoneham and Tew EAP UY teceeecut meee Parish of Ancienne Lorette......20,...0007 cones N.-D. de la Miséric. de Benuport.. St-Charles de Charlesbourg....... St-Colomb deSillery . ...... .- WESHBG | aaceusrl ease eae SNe Ste-Foye ........ wai tjeese 190 87 54 00 2d OD scence asi | ee St-Gabriel de Valeartier.. pach 17 32} 41 00) 25 00). 3 00 a See eer ee a 466/433 03] 468 00! 186 00) 64 75) 14 01) 1165 79% RICHELIEU — —_—— _ — — —— Parish of L’Imm. Concep. de St-Ours....... 136] 8 41 194 41 St—Aim 62 prececiatcncectectieletesetere ee-| 67) 13 50 99 00+ Ste-Anne de Sorel.. cin bed] weet S| 119 84 St-Joseph de Sorel . casi imegesl ae ND, 2.79 St-Louis ............... o01]|| SLO | oroncueee 162 55. St-Marcelliercccaresceceee eecestersecters 108} 9 65 500 24) St-Pierre de Sorel]........0+ sssee esses 110} 4 90 174 985 St—Robert......... «| 102} 5 05 167 43 St-Roch de Richelieu .. AO | ive scene 17 39° Ste=VictOire. 20. Rise swconnyer 75} 23 26 168 75. RICHMOND 808} 71 89} 1194 52) 379 60} 13 15) 8 32) 1667 38. Municipality of Shipton ........ sreuseavocvess'|,nsest|) 42000) seaceaiwacte resell (cecalll ftass ares eabarets 42 38. Parish of St-Fra-X. de Brompton nen e-| 45] 17 28} 45 00 : 193 51h St-George de Windsor. .........-.-| 187) 42 09] 219 88 311 97 Ste-Praxéde de Brompton........-.| 112] 1006 120 00 299 20 eee | | | | 344/101 75, 384 88] 125 00/235 43)........ |, 847 06 _ 87 CLUBS FoR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE | ~~ 1 5 en a Zo Gwe EH me 5 oe? ae = Z oT = Boece | Ses | Se hse | S | ePe | acs as 250 ons oF ag a aed Sic Total REMARKS mat 5. 5 ms 3 og Bot a Boe has | Goel eal eee On. |= a : |Expenses of 1901-02. 3092 65|° 41 50) 114 20) 396 52) 4410 76 se nevssesee|sccees oe pari fences) onver|-nosdosseuns|ancee anebas |esseee sone sesso sasese | 2667 26 67.No longer in opera 60 00/ 12600 41 20) 33 02) 255) 262 77\tion 25 25) 26 10) 8 38 12 07 3 49) 175 29 veteran 1LODUOO 23 25 3 B5) cesee weeeee 229 01) Be ee leak Gets. becheditecsel © La) 86||. 113) 86|No\ longer any opera— 83 36) 156 00 2 75 14 70 15 06) 271 87 tion 25 00) Al 09)... weseee| 1 75 18 57, 86 32) | | 15 91) 69.00| 5200, 19361) 514 10/ 75 63) 65 39) 180 20) 1165 79 es | i a | | | | eee ree Becoet Peceronaeee 8 00| 34 35) 136 Meee 772) 191 41 woes Wvscsesievdros|scosearvover)|soneos uonan nA 99 00, 99 00\No report. wees 14.00, 77 ‘ 28 34) 119 84 ‘ ese seseve|. a0 |coansi eons yee 2 79) 2 79\No longer in opera- . 46 50)... -ee 112 eeevseeeee| 162 55/tion ; 21 75) 24 00). 440 8 30) 500 24 |) CEC See | 106 00| 10 25) 16 73)... ..e00- 174 98 doncee oases 50 10. | 102 495) 167 43 189) 25 50), seve[, AB OOlvecerevaseee| 4 OO) Leines coves 77 39 teeees sepeee 23 OO) ...cecccceen| eerer ieee 108 34 75) 168 75 1 89; 209 85 32 00 48 35| 1128 42 185 85) 1667 38 Pec sos sa||.elaecacoes|evorenanpset|soputn ancen |setsn™\ aoder|censonsenen | 42 38) 42 38 44 68 34 06).. 11 29 21 08} 193 51 ncaneeatne | 219 88)... 400; 651 59} 3tl 97 17 90} 125 00}... 10 53) 19 07) 299 20) 32 BB) 378 DAlacseeessee- 25 82! 134 12| 847 06 &8 —- STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ Municipality of Parish of Mission of Parish of . Municipality of Parish of Mission of RECEIPTS FARMERS CLUSS = aes 4 2 2 (By counties) 5 c|SQo| 2 3 "2 eo Poy) Sa) C 3 | ‘Sg | Total I Bj/=an2 on na é ao sels 37 o =) L zel2s | a 2 i6 Rimouski Casupscal ....-cceececsereenes serene seeees 67, 17 44 67 00 867 69 Dalibaire aud Romieu 32) 8 85, 129 40 163 25 McNider . rene 55| 13 76} 57 00 98 26 MeSSIENy cccsesecteeerecees 104; 59 50; 111 50 225 91 N-D. du Sacré—Coeur. 30} 0 04 31 00 56 04 St-Anaclet de Lessard..... 36] 1 54 41 00 67 54 St-Benoit Joseph Labre.. 75| 79 00, 76 00 192 70 Ste—Blar dine ......000...0+ 29) 0 22 41 40 66 62 Ste-Cécile du Bic. 101) 16 56) 101 00 167 56 St-Damase .. ...... 59} 10 48 59 00 98 98 St-Donat ..... Al eeeeznsee 42 00) 107 81 St-Fabien 151] 46 20) 174 00} 395 45 Ste-Félicité....... 109} 46 65) 109 00 205 65 Ste-Flavie de Lepage:. 104} 50 00) 104 00 205 63 St-Gabriel.. sbacee | 84 tee 84 00 126 00 St- Germain. ne RRC CECED AIO Seegearee 111 00 510 32 St-Jér6me de Matane 70) 730) 83 00 139 14 | Ste-Luce de Lessard . 35] 10 00} 58 50 93 50 St-Mathieu de Rioux. G6 lice: 96 00 144 00 St-Moise.......00 --.0cecee é 90] 8 83 92 40 146 23 Sc-Pierre du Lac... 100)131 00} 100 00 281 00 S1-Ulric de Matane.. 116] 72 02} 309 25 432 80 St-Valérien ...... one) fail hay seorce 150 00) 191 94 St-Simon de la Baie ‘du ‘Ha-Ha TA reseller osO5|scnereeeece 3 65 Grosses Roches..-...cse0ce-sssseeee seceee AM ecorecen 42 00 67 00 1793|582 44) 2269 45). 910 50j)1978 20) 13 48) 5054 07 RovviILLE SSS SS | SS N.-D. de Bonsecours.........6. «...-| 33] 49 108 20 St- Ange-Gardien ..... 100} 49 560 39 Ste-Angéle.......... 102] 1 705 58 St-Césuire ... 161} 5 212 04 St-Hilaire... | 115} 4 169 02 St-J.- -Baptiste de Rouville 108} 24 263 60 Ste-Marie Monnoir.. 165) 31 1461 49 St-Michel de Rougemont F 107) 1 183. 70 St-Paul d’ Abbotsford ........ .-s.e00 ait aneead leeeesenns 2 95 | 881/166 92] 2182 66) 375 00/939 44| 2 95| 3666 97 SAGUENAY —_= ——— —~ —— —- —— Bergeronnes 64] 27 28] 66 40| © 32 00).....c...| «sen 125 68 Les Escoumains CE hastores 99 00 AB G0) Co cccenee 5 00) 148 50 Tadoussac. ......... P20 |Weesases 120 00 50 00/117 25} 4 03) 291 28 St-Paul de Mille Vaches.. Ralucesst 195 ‘RG Wi dorescnne' | nvehemignes '3).00|vecesenns 198 86 Mag pielerce: «avataceetarearecmntrnssebeasesOnl arene ou lil St-Firmin .... BB escasen 64 00 St-Pierre de la Pte aux “Wsquim... 36] ...-.000s 61 00 347 224 25) 360 40! 176 50120 25) 9 03) 870 43 89 SOCIETIES ror THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1902 178 28 110 50 242 50 —_— eee a 64 06 53 00| 3015 79 | 66 40| "41 74| 219 66 37 50 96 00) re a 8T 85) we 141 59 509 €5 88) GO). sch csccne 39 00), 0 85 33 62) 86 WW | 64 00, 11 00 61 00; 19 au 890 43) EXPENDITURE = ao Bie |e ai Ee Reon oe ort ent on Ene ao og oe Chto ZAR 22 | See bes Seales ma2d | s_8 | Total REMARKS oe 5-= ie nm 2° a oa = iene =..| 5. A Ere Oe s ose | ats eS ao? us (We) = n 8 (ea) 5 Peetecnes, |[lidvsce apetae 32 58 800 00 6 92 6 76, 21 43) 867 69 : 2 “ 163 25 98 26) 225 91 56 04 67 54 192 70 0 66 62 7 167 56 4 98 98 BaUipiaters kecese 107 81 1 395 45 3 205 65 96 THEO erereeee. 205 63 84 3 126 00 460 ¢ 2 510 32 72 19 AVA scctea vee ces 139 14 51 GLATIEA Cenc. 93 50 96 5 144 00 91 2 27} 146 73 100 88 85} 281 00 309 36 75} 432 80 131 ss+s:-| 191 94)/No longer in opera- SENS t 3 05 3 05\tion 49 erataerealty TK 200 3376 67/ 8 06) 12881) 433 76| 5054 07 S6/bO Knees ee © 21; 68 49) 198 20 403 88) UR6Btecesnes ace | 4 93} 560 39 628 1 26] 705 58 Sal nao 7 212 04 } 116 169 02 53 00) 189 6 263 60 veeses| 1380 1461 49 a Ahem | 183 70} to fesseee asec 2 .95\|No longer in opera- don Rxpenses of 1901 No longer in operat tion 90 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS?” RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS Srey aes ‘ aa S (By counties) H@l|o8 = ~ 2 eae 33 Bie! |ahg a 3 |225 1] Total Bilgoa| 2s 4/35 =a/3 3 o = 3 whi | om NaS SHEFFORD ; Muanicipalitys Of Bly, ccs-c-mrice-s-varanbeceucssetoresdeertenss 104} 14 Granby .....- a has 86 Roxton Falls... ne eile OG ives Ste-Cecile de Milton ea sabe! SOOA St-Valérien de Milton.. ener | LO Si epetocase Stukelly NOrthiieccsse\.csavonss\saccnnsecl|trcees 68 Waterloo ....... 67) 5 Parish of N.-D de Bonsecours de Stu ely. Iai epee i St-Alphonse...........seseeseee eceseesees 56) 31 St—Joachim......... . 114] 7 Ste—Pudentienne.. peeail arena pod St-Frs.—Xavier de Shefford Rasdeies 70| 33 706/309 66 SHERBROOKE Municipality, of AlsCots..sctc c-cacsevenel eseestentaseosece ees Orford . Parish of St-Roch d’Orfor SouLanGes Parish of St-Clet......... | 118] 39 91] 137 61 50/00) > (9025 |eeeecreer 236 TT: St-[gnace du Coteau ‘du ac 103) 14 89) 155 94) 50 05)....0...) coeee. 220 83° St-Joseph de Son 57| 29 15 St-Polycarpe... oe vs St-Télesphore . Aer <0 St Zotiquevescsssenjecceonrenffetenacen'seens STANSTEAD Municipality of Barford) 20-1... ccesccscs cscecrcee! coonsene 35 |eesetee 35 00 Barnston .... -| 57| 12 89) 568 00 Ooaticook Tl) 4 82) TL 00 Hatley .... OO |eewecbest 39 00 202) 17 71| 203 00} 114 00/116 65} 7 26) 458 62. nis 91 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31sT DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE a cewiees og 7 2 on Sune 3 S- | oe2|4a2| #3 | 58 2. Stes | Soe oS | e286 /cge] 62 ag s aes | g_S | Total REMARKS as Wes Leo oO mo SO a oA ice 2 oo 36.9 Ss oO s oss Cle omy Qa Wa) uo mo es n 8 as 86 56No longer in opera~ 132 75 tion 102 50|Expenses of 1901. 24 50/No longer in gopera~ 138 40 tion 291 81) 1557 35 500} 48 59, 206 99 4 56] 13.69) 58 00 300/ 318) 70 18 6 00} 50 70) 118 70 See GAA oo... cane TT 00) LTT TB) seer seeeee 18 56) 116 16) 453 87 124 05|--+..0) 24 63) 34 79] 236 77 135 27| seers weees| 2891] 17 65} 220 83 53 94) 97 96} 10 50). ..2- ssv00e | 180 90 206 638) 6 00; 1848} 48 17) 279 33 228 00} »|, 11°50 8 9!| 293 31 38 00). 3 56). | 69 56) es ae ——S= —— ——- —— —— 785 94) 1903 96) 97 48) 109 52| 1240 70) ads SS Ses ae —| = | TAA everstvaces|) 19 QOL sjeccssere | 3492 0 35 SOND axagiesaurs 67 26) aver 7 39} 174 39) 54 39) 149 97 2t 19} 67 00| 16 41 63 50; 149 00 12 00 87 17 35 47) 21 50) 8297) 458 62 i a | fe | ee 92 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS } FARMERS’ CLUBS (By counties) RECEIPTS 3 2| ° A, n =o See ‘Sin > ool Bea so| of = 3 Slze=a ao s =) Baia a o S tala n n Deficit in 1902 Total Parish of Parish of Parish of Sr-HyacinTHe La Présentatiou.......... N -D. de St- Syacinihe St-Barnabé ........ St-Charles. St-Damase.. ME=DENIS iiss cchssesosncaseaererer et ects le Confesseur.. St-_Judes ......... ee Ste-Madelein St-Thomas d’ Agnini iron oie Sr-Joun St-Bernard de Lacolle............006: St-Blaise ne Wit JOh Mi cecennssvcapssncenaserenene Ste- Marguerite de Blairfindie. St-Paul de l’[le aux Noix.. St-Luc.. St-Valentin Nas. some anaes | Sr—Mauvrice Ste-Anne d’ Yamachiche............06 St-BarBabé!oces ceccescseseseces St-Boniface de Shawenegan St-Elie de Caxton... St-Btienne des Grés.. Ste-Flore.. ; a St- Mathieu de. Caxton. Nesramhenaaareer St=SbvOr6.issscccudaccsacteayterereMitreses Visitation de la Pointe du Lac..,..| 318/145 17 1160 69 | 2053 62) 37 00 3L 00 132 00 46 00 36 90 38 00 320 00 760 00 139 85 1 28 12 68 2609 33 212 45 161 70 94 67 199 88 75 56 193 60 60 30 124 16 156 70 1269 02 93 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE = a SAD ora oy. n an ea of Siieeee ace |, Ss | be | 2 | She | ha 3s ges aS aS. £4 z B28 == Total REMARKS a] mas eI Ss eRe 5 Bas | 5 5 o& 5 Aas a wo as A a0 = n OB a's 00 Bivas\aviceans 3 78 E 50 25 64 26 64 00 73 53 wworkoaAd 68 07) 42 09) 2609 33 35 26 No longer ie opera- 71 50)tion 56 90| 214 80 ae 216 84 I. 73 27 124 13 take sense] 247 65] 27 00] 91 00} 131 87} 11 85) 34 25] 249 08] 792 70 Le = | Se ee ee ee) ee ees eae ra BPEMPE Ulta reas ccssce|iverssiiaees 114400 | Peseseeseee 100) 67 45) 212 45 BOP 00|,.000.2..4>- Caysds Heel LOLLOOIE al thaeaenl eulOM TOM TEU 70 PS. lis ve ie ie 5 97) 1160) 94 67/ snneyale - Hiveoodd steovecstes| 299 88}. 199° 88) 258] 37 76) 175 56| 17 37 48 59] 193 60} DUUNTTRR ETE Tisseehaseney | cones’ lances’ | cxnscénesudal soennetvucns [Iscent sucked | 50 30) 50 30/No longer in opera- 41 00 5 62 3 64] 124 16\tion Wg |Govaedevets 4 00 9 55| 156 70 ee “8 ME a eee 625 97/6 00) 36 52} 439 28) 1269 02, 94 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’} FARMERS’ CLUBS (By counties) Number of| mem bers RECEIPTS ° n a Duy = ra 2 = ges] 62 a esis \SaS| 26 cS = | SS | Total Ue n a |a TEEMISCOUATA Municipality. Of BOSOM :.ccscceksssccsoss-t sisson oreeteeeees Cabano | (Mis. ‘Of Stowathiaes Hocguate Be ones Wa Peron csccs Withworth... . Parish of N.-D. des Neiges de Trois Pistoles N.-D des Sept poulen N:-D: ‘duLac. eee N -D. du Portage. St-Antonin.......... St-Arséne,.. St- Clément.. St-Eloi.. ....... Ste- Francoise... aah St-George de Cacouna . St-Honoré... cts St-J.-Bte de Yile Verte... St-Louis du Ha! Ha!..... St-Patrice de la Riviere du. Loup.. St-Paul de la Croix...... 2.0. .6...05° Ste-Rose du Deégelé.. ......0. esses TERREBONNE Municipality of Abercrombie........... Miapuceapetraseeset Doncaster, ........ "ThGe Salaberry and Grandison ca Parish of Ste-Adéle.. at seeastetve Parish of Ste-Agathe .. or ooo Ste-Anne des Plaines. St-Janvier de Blainville..... St-Jérdme, Riviére du Nord St-Louis de Terrebonne.. ...... Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson ees St-Sauveur. . Ste—-Sophie de Lacorne... Ste-Thérése de Blainville. THREE—RIVERS N.-D. des Trois-Riviéres.. 26 16 6 /474 31) 1901 25) 795 00227 87) 51 10) 3449 53 12 47) 89 00) 44 00) ........]...00s ee} 145 47 95 | CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING THE 3lsT DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE Deficit tions in 1901 Prizes at competi- Purchase of imple- ments | Purchase of stuck Other | purchases Sundries Total REMARKS Preerr ere e 106 55 * 159 25 1957 00 Pr a ceeee aeeees 91 00}.... 79 00)... = 58 33| 427 08) 2908 47 22 91 46 | 650 05 28 56 50 14 195 O1 145 47 | 3449 53) No report. No longer in opera— tion 54 Expenses of 1901, 96 ‘ STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS FARMERS’ CLUBS S2l,e i, 2 = (By counties) mel | SSeS =] ef pie 2 g|2-8| 29 3 ZS | ‘s8& | Total SE oe eas) ic) ay | Sshe > =H ee) iz! nN N Qa V AUDREDIL Municipality of Newton ......... ssessses secseeeee eonseees 78) 80 89 78 00 39 00 Parish of Ste-Magdeleine de Rigaud. il asenetll (ad OM OG (emcscakincreall Mea eeeeeaie Ste-Marthe.. 50 00 Trés St- Rédempteur feace é 5 a 50 00 330)151 42} 330 00) 139 00] 78 12, ........ 698 54 VERCHERES Parish of Ste-Anne de Varennes.......000 ss: St-Anmtoine.....-.craeechese . St-Frs.-X. de Verchére Ste—Julie’. <..ccss5 ccesas-s St-Mare de Cournoyer.. St-Mathieu de Beleeil Ste-Théodosie.......... Ste-Trinité de Contrecceur 686/452 96) 717 00) 311 00/405 07) 22 90) 1908 93 WoLrEe Municipality of D’Tsralin:. ccc... ccccsce escesnee ussconss Dudswell Ham-Souh-West. Lake Weeden . Stratford ......... Weedon ........ a WolfestOW Dec. sacs lccssspeadcdsesuves=s Wotton.. Parish of N.-D. de Lourdes ‘de ‘Ham- ‘Nord. St-Camille........cccecee Deen edenCara vans St-Fortunat . oo Si: St-Joseph de Ham- South. 1159|398 97 1194 20) 534 00/246 96) 18 20) 2392 33 97 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE a TEA oO o n n aes a2) Se |as2|aa2| #8 | 43 2 | She | 8a_ Seeiess (ead | ss oss oe | 322 | 3 8 | Total REMARKS aa S8-= Fema an =o a $88 | qua oO ao - = pe=| Sas Oo Ss Oz a Wa) (Va) 3 = al & ae Expenses of 1899 0800) -ar.cauvater WV AO | taey a eiacases. 156 20 TAT 00) ices enasucte | 5 21 21 93) 245 74 96 00 0 25) ...ceesenee 47 67) 166 42 54 &3 9 05 12 15 2 81) 158 34 ANONDT |<< ccasoncexe } 8 51 30 06; 542 89) alllcscuneapevSulLavtavs sence [exataneneeen 311 49) 311 49)No longer in opera— 101 00 3 99} 4 0L 4 65) 155 65)tion 95) 79] scot esnees BYOL) cteataueva- 172 20 193 85 72 00 1032 19 13 29} 39 29) 418 61] 1908 93 7 50 66 96) 7 56) 11 66) 108 00) 47 00) BS PAB bcarcnstn ngs 75 96) ailteweassttice swe) 53 36) 53 36.No longer in opera- 128 07) 6 00) 55 33) 211 40/tion 49 00) 2 00 290) 107 90 96 00). 3 92 0 61} 152 28 141 69) 11.58) 18 50} 251 77] 111 00) : 5 20) 1392) 167 75 167 00)... «+ | 17 79) 48 24) 253 °03] 125 00 2 00 2 B7T)..s000 seen} 191 00 103 23) 10 89) 18 69 100 19) 362 00)/Expenses of 1901 Q15 OD |b -t-nsavexe 6 34 6 79| 278 23 ; ’ 127 20 2/00) LIA GAL weds deaxes 179 44 GCs | canpe'dvacdén| cadspuslea¥uul oe cvesanenes eaaee vane 0 21) 0 21.No longer in opera- ——_— | | | —_ — I tn 39 91} 139 85}. .| 402 13) 1377 15 19 24) 102 34) 311 71) 2392 33 | —|— | — | —— | — — |— — |_| | ed Bee ig fa = _——as | 98 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECEIPTS are ae = 2| 2 a ii @ 3 y counties Hie) fol He =| ies en 5 =a i=] x2 pala i PN YAMASKA Parish of N..=D ide: Bierreville:...cccssce crdeenetillyaSlileeesee oon oO)! ABZOMDO Vi eceunes ese 56 00 St-Ant. de la Baie du Febvre......| 101} 11 15} 101 00) 50 00).........)......... 162 15 St-Bonaventure d’ Pron Eee 8 18) 210 18 St—David (o.0. 0.0 ..ce-000 ; 50 00}..... see.) 1300 169 St-Elphége... soe stecrsrsceeens|) L26/yL5 00) 126500) )160) OO\ceterss: eeenecesi uml OOO) St-Guillaume d’ ‘Upton. 56 80 369 07 St-Michel d’Yamaska.. 127 99 St=Pie de l\Guire.. 1-c-c- .sessvessmceses|| LOO tnpescen| LOO! O0|" ee OO U0 lecnsters 180 00 St-Thomas de Pierreville.. F ieaeated 58 00 St-Zéphirin de Courval............... 40 45) 256 47 428 00/106 94) 48 63} 1966 55 99 CLUBS For THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 EXPENDITURE f=] ~. oc. o n n ‘| 3 = = & Ae, a ee |es2|Se2| 28 | 32 | = | Sm] Baa gs x ae os? S = 2a 2 azo S48 Total REMARKS oO gig | SH Ee o£ 5 63f ar. a uo (0am) 2 = mM f=} Fag 56 00 162 15 ionepaienn dae 250 18} 355 69 191 00 369 07 127 99 180 00) 58 00 256 47 2 00) = oO: HH o: 7 49 wo TIE AAA Ww WOARe WO SAWN ROS fo.) S =) S o = oOo eeeeee ceeeee| ie 0 23 cs w = Ot ae a ~ —~ 8 21 96 60; 164 26) 1966 55 * 7 72) 86 25) | 100 ' RECAPITULATION | [2 FARMERS’ CLUBS = 2 RECEIPTS S 5 uy D2! o 3 a a g°/8 8) e05 | ES 3 Z| Deficit COUNTIES 2rleos| 8-S 29 S 3 in Total g2\3 ¢ coal $s o a 1902 ae leat hi=HI) Cas] n n VAT CONLOUII, -coecacccs|-voesaseaivacenese 1 46 91 83 46 00 25 00 0 18 7 03 170 04 Arthabaska. 15 1359 207 24) 1 366 41 635 50) 472 45 20 82 2 102 42 9 838 243 49) 1 120 60 410 00 13 50 14 95 1 802 54 23 2321 727 00) 3 412 74 984 00)2 464 86 29 03 7 617 63 Beauharnois........ 4 141 49 26 163 00 100 00 20 00 1 30 333 56 Bellechasse.. - ll 752 211 26 870 50) 387 50 80 40 23 47 1 573 13 Berthier......... 5 10 970 270 82 993 70 437 00) 289 84) 103 72 2 095 08 Bonaventure . 10 759 441 01| 1 360 20 392 00) 497 21 37 55 2 727 9F Brome........-. -. 2 67 35 29 81 00 50 00; 192 82) 532 31 891 42 Chambly.. 5 462 103 72 700 95 222 00) 583 86 6L 15 1 671 68 Champlain 12. 1213 336 39) 1 309 00 544 00) 485 78 10 45 2 685 62 Charlevoix.. TS 96K 281 03) 2 480 80 463 00).....+...0- 24 00 3 248 83. Chateauguay.. 4° 277 92 61 277 00 147 00} 367 33 6 81 890 75. Ckicoutimi.. 10 = =855 404 51 918 00 403 50/F 565 71) sees sseeee 7 291 72 Compton.......... yp ld 833 393 17 837 14 450 00; 979 75 67 89 2 727 95 Deux—Montagnes.. : 7 610 178 94) 618 93) 300 00) 69 57 2 85 1170 29 Dorchester... ......++ -| 14 1203 363 19) 1 307 00 544 50 37 66 67 72 2 320 07 Drummond.. : 8 741 354 10 749 00; 317 00, 108 00 33 63 1 561 73 Gaspé.......... Glas eemOS 316 03 136 00) 549 81 Hochelaga... All a pulps 41 00) 177 88 Huntingdon 1 50 134 92 50 00 209 92% Iberville......... 6 590 280 87 734 75 1 364 32 Jacques—Cartier Sorgeoo ccna 2 210) 180 04) 210 00 500 04 Joliette... -:....... 13 1499 239 49) 1 510 69 600 00) 839 82) 114 73 3 304 73 Kamouraska... 14 1262 512 70 1 637 00) 573 00 36 04 15 18 2 773 32 Lake St-John. 14 1440) 1128 68! 4 093 02 595 00)1 976 13) 225 09 8 017 92 Laprairie. ......... 4 289 95 13 290 00, 148 50 0 70 Lomo 550 08 L’ Assomption... 8 752 164 15) 752 00 364 00) 105 75 1 02 1 386 92 [GRV Al rancesnes, cee 5 79 94 97) 704 89 225 00) 59 75| 0 06 1 084 67 Lévis.. 7 487 80 52 497 6€ 247 00; 49 05).. 874 23 L’ Islet... 10 1044 262 58) 1 317 75 448 00) 185 &4 20 58 2 234 75. Lotbiniére. 14 1488 521 39) 2 039 92) 659 50} 613 95) 77 52 3 912 28 Maskinongé. 8 956 223 96) 1 464 12} 400 00) 256 59). 2 344 67 Megantic,.... 8 510 224 11 535 00) 268 00 33 47 17 02 1 077 60 Missisquoi. 3 245 204 47 246 00! 125 00) 599 29 11 &5 1 177 61 Montcalm.... 10 947 149 45) 1 050 69 398 50 32 24) 0 78 1 631 66 Montmagny.... 6 480) 134 74) 504 10! 240 00 6255) ceeneintcnce 885 39 Montmorency.. Late 11534) 807 00| 417 50) 82 73 15 08} 1 437 65 Napierville .. . 5 458 276 77; 460 00) 201 00 10° 00)... 0a. cus, 947 77 Nicolet......... 16 1358 358 93) 1 358 00 643 50 1 149 88 11 80 3 622 LL Ottawa.. | 24 1339) 1047 93) 1 628 02 700 00) 18024) 103 83 3 660 02 Pontiac.. Ae IEE EMOTE NE eit GFN) EMO AY BA crocs 1 165 35. Portneuf. -| 18 1999 357 72) 2 142 55) 802 50/1 097 81 10 18 4 410 76 UNGUEO ice sesveseiccrnucee eeeraaren ; 5 466 433 03 468 00) 186 00) 64 75 14 01 1 165 7% Richelieu... + cesereoisecens 9 808 71 89) 1 194 52) 379 50 13 15] 8 32 1 667 38 Richmond. . 3 344 101 75! 384 88 MEO E PRY ZR Pasa Ba 847 06 Rimouski... .| 24 1793 582 44) 2 269 45 910 50/1 278 20 13 48 5 054 07 Rouville.... Heian SP we esti 166 92] 2 182 66 375 00) 939 44 295 3 466 9T SAM NEOM AV atinipenbanvicesend;estverlcrsss est REY 224 25 360 40) 176 60) 120: 25 9 03 890 43 : 101 CLUBS ror THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST DECEMBER 1902 « BY COUNTIES 4 EXPENDITURE ean o1 o n 2 _ Defcit| “Ga | 222] gs ie So ome a oni in | 225 | 285] 22 | 38 os |#S8 | e.g | Total REMARKS a Mites > | Sg sx | Se a | $38 | 655 rf mo Ao -¥ z n a g \ : ie EE ao ikcrcveneay| cneses saeees | 59°20} . 41 23) ........0.| 10.78) 58°83] 170 04 r 42 04] 145 30) 177 20) 132 40) 1736 55| 32 68} .103 32} 331 93| 2702 42 : ee Ey is 6 15| 62 51/ 235 10] 1802 54 a 116 04)’ 171 154 56, 22004 881 49) 7617 63 7 698) 40 3251 2998) 4404) 333 56 17 99) 125 16 12| 94 84| 242 15] 1573 13 4 87 34 19 16 26} 7001) 255 41) 2095 08 19 80/86 113 31} 8217) 176 88} 2727 97 ; 557 51; 32 250| 758) 35 29) 891 42 IMAM ice oo .0s 2027; 15 75) 309 73| 1671 68 ( 88 95) 227 31 84) 9057, 435 69) 2685 62) . Weel 10 989} 72 73 360 53| 3248 83 zk 27 83) 42 4 75| 34 50| 149 84) 890 75 009} 37 13 17| 114 60) 57999) 7291 72 " 75 11) 198 29 26) 12746) 43701) 2727 95] 2 85| 187 20/ 14 45] 190 41) 634 67| 855} 30°89 10027) 1170 29 ‘ eee sal cdderccseenes | 172 78] 1332 79] 56 99| 73 36) 322 65| 2320 07 4 21 29} 121 343 80} 68208, 2 75| 70 28) 413 78} 1561 73 ‘ ee ee 26 37] 16878] 5 20| 15 46) 34400; 549 81 ; : 5 19| 108 56) 177 88| 4 15 40| 8431| —_-209 92! 4 50 64) 392 17| 1364 32| s 10 30/ 149 79| 500 04 ‘ 103 99| 251 09) 3304 73| 4 341; © 42 00) 128 90) 263 05) 1619 57) ll 78 94 89 610 32) 2773 92 97 09 180 CO, 209 10) 512 34) 6075 73 33 18) 137 08 772 80 8017 32 Detseteceeeslecnnes eens) 142 00} 3000! 235 50) 2000) 31 22 91 36 550 03 =| , 102) 15850) 64 65) 23950) 653.35) 4384! 7693) 149 13} 1386 92) yy Sitar 104 /05|..,..0..:..., 86.00) 676 89] -4.00| 64 01 89 02) 1084 67) } elustazetes 95 90| 87 00! 33 18) 639 01} 1500) 32 44 7L 70 874 23 de¥arijaeten 161 45} 33 17) 141 20) | 19° 21).............5| 33 50) 366.43) 296 48) 13 71) 42 36) 305 91) 1077 60) Speaveaseeas|accvos ay cove |} 9910; 9100) 728 89) 10 25) 47 36) 201 01) 1177 61 a co a on 2 CO > ° c we w =) © — be we = ~~ o -~l — 6% 74) 277 87] 1165 33} N 114 20] 396 52) 4410 76 65 39 180 20) 1165 79 4 60 07] 185 85| 1667 38 2 25 82) 134 12) 847 06) 128 81) 102 STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF FARMERS’ RECA PITULATION 3 ae Ex FARMERS’ CLUBS Ee RECEIPTS 6.2 ars oa 7) ° 1 n Bills ee coe a, & : tore! & il 10. ‘Ean oo = Deficit a= = COUNTIES Fs Les a8 ae e 3 in Total SS a se ee o 5 1902 ele A Bea ig Shefford .. 9 706} 309 66 756 90 350 00] 140 79)........0000 1 557 35. Sherbrooke.. 4 207 94 25 208 00 125 00 2GNG2\ espe eltases 453 87 Soulanges .. 6 501 115 99 573 55 233 00) 345 66 12 50 1 280 70: Stanstead ...... 4 202 LEV 203 00 114 00) 116 65 7 26 458 62 St-Hyacinthe 10) 1035 40 93) 2 053 62 458 00 65 50 1 28 2 699 33 Dt ODN sce cess 5 318 145 17 320 00 175 00} 139 85 12 68 792 70: St-Maurice ... 8 725 160 69 760 00 337 00 S81 rerpss cons 1 269 02 Témiscouata.. 20) 1675 474 31] 1 901 25 795 00 3 449 53 Terrebonne.... 13) 1245 396 85) 1 426 50 587 00 2 908 47 Threc—Riveis 1 88 12 47 89 00 44 00 145 47 Vaudreuil...... 3) 330 151 42 330 00 139 ON 698 54 Verchéres. 7 686} 452 96 717 00 311 00 1 908 93: Wolfe....... ot 2, eee lal 9) 398 97) 1 194 20 534 00 392 33 BYGITIBEKW-sercreste tavenceorccnseetiedes 10} 1043 167 91] 1 215 07 428 00 1 966 55 555| 48294/16 677 79/62 147 13|22 427 50/24707 07/1 907 49) 127 866 98 103 SOCIETIES FoR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER 1901 BY COUNTIES EXPENDITURE 4 jee ad G4 cs) 2 ! 3 { eefes. |g25\-es | 2 | 2 | se: | st." 8 | 225 |see| e2 | 28 & |e2| 3cs REMARKS ae S ges cs ga eats) g nao SAd Total J D or Bas 32.8 Se ols 2 oa, qo a wo (We) A? oe n Og Sa 4 126 25} 36 00] ecresseees 625 97, 5 00 36 52 439 28 0 18 T 50 39 91 1 72 8 21 96 60} 164 26 1 587 34) 8 028 43 i 11239 37|77 813 21/1 310 36/4 151 54/17 580 33/127 866 98 1 19 24) 102 34 311 71) 2 392 33 104 [STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF AGRICULTURAL / DESIGNATION RECEIPTS — P= = od > ° oF el = anZlort2lssgun loam ood REISS |kas feos (Sas! go |Hea) BS 1sau 22/HAS [cea lone |Sosisee [fas (com lass Total SOCIETIES 2fis1S [Fos jase |r ofisfs5 fo so Sinton fo) BSlama Sil eee So 2) 5-49) | 22 2 ae 257 5 oi S nnn aa ak > w aos lzals jo= FB | eo als 6 wo |e e S AS PENTOUL aces acess cl-eesceees Arthabaska .. POL insacbeanseus; Beauce div. A... ‘ ce Beauharnois.... Benthienee-cs cess) 4) ---er0s Bonaventure No 2 div. B PESOONITG besecereaivs vce sirnesecke acs Chambly ... Champlain Charlevoix div. ce a3 A. Chateauguay.......... Chicoutimi. .......... Compton No 1. Gaspé No 1 div. “ No 2 ia a No ] ot fe eee Nolo eres, iB... Hochelaga ........... Huntingdon div. A.. “a “ee B.. Uibervillley. 100.) i aratoes \(@ varieties) 25 acres’; ).1.c. «cls ccsle's « 2600 .Nie ihepacco, (Connecticut) 19 acres’. . 22. chee. oa. ‘24000 Ibs. Meadow-clover 8 acres, Ist crop. .............-. 24 tons few? 9 ZA aSIMoino) isocter: eben O Aion 10 ? iMieddow-timothy, 112) acres) Ais. toc.) siete eieyelei a's 275 4 SALES IN 1902 ' AUCH C OWS sc giainch «SRI Sg is crane eats paw ie $ 80.00 ROWS TOL SLAUIOILGL ec rpata ce ofa siclt stave! aveicis oyaselace sella’ ota 55.00 «§ to ct Sala fgg ea ee Pate, ea OPPS e OF 1 CR REN Reet te ye 70.00 § i sta Wheat, 125, bushels: at QO) cts) \.7.)2)4-)ss oi tte ey-F allot 112.50 @atss 400 bushels*at SO Gtss ala sera weil hale el elas 200.00 lnlehvc) 2G) toni Ria Saee-oipi a oenloo OSC dieedi Suaesopseracetens 1050.00 IRIE See Uae a Sia Weld nid cbobloo Sb ob6 0g oC'C 25.00 Mille delivered atthe creameny itp saielt-rel tee kereens 350.00 AVOWACCORE tak tet assh) fa eheiots EGS Os alee eetae a sea Seg OOOO PO PratOeS pee tari sn erseecen ss ears Wipes lala holrandio eteilapets 1000.00 Bacon, hams, corned pork ...50.4...-.. shee arose arene 150.00 Y $4692.50 = 3 ’ Crops of 1903—E-xtent and quality. i Wheat. 22 vaGres sarc) earache solelibeg Sha Wi ao feibewdid\s, Sher heiets tome amet Oats, 35 acres (i! .W/02e eee hb Sai ins is OO eral ler anes Buckwheat, 8 acres ..... Dr svabee tte ceeaas Jk Sie t ne ae OCR OO Ranma Mobacco! 1S, acres Meise Neer the eee ne ete 100 p. 100 Potatoesmeeractesiiscerr teats erences RES ov eas .») sLOONDA LOO Indian corn, 2 acres...... Ras stneh we ssl srayeye\. istics sole toe) OOM SELOO bye Wleadow,, 103) acresqn er RE NB Le UREN 1 feos as © LOO MD EOG ' Pastures5 acres.j-cy). Ly Stas tte eencueetets ofr atta te Sa) OQ ONDARLOO. The garden, dressed with mucky soil from the beach, is well stocked with vegetables and small fruits and deserved 50 p. 100 pts. Apart from 2 acres of Indian corn damaged by the weather, 49 acres out of 51 in hoed crops mer- ited the maximum of points. Mr. Ferland owes these excellent results to his experience and his skill acquired from the knowledge that the yield and the profits of his farming are fn proportion to the perfection with which it is carried on with the help of sufficient and appropriate manures. In fact, all his tillage is perfect and done at the proper time—ploughing, manuring, harrowing, cultivating, ete. The rows are straight and suitably spaced and the plants set at good and regular distances. ‘The soil is constantly kept mellow and clean and, worked by skilled hands, the labor spent on it is surely remunerative. Mr. Ferland annually buys on the average 100 to 150 loads of horse ma- nure, 24 bushels of lime, 15 tons of Victor Fertiliser, 2 tons of shorts, and 40 to 50 tons of distillery waste from the city. ‘The food, and fertilizers pur- chased and the care bestowed on the collection and preservation of the man- a. a : ue ™ oe ow PLATE I lings of Mr. Math.-O. Ferland —_ pe) a Ss a =| uv — * v tS ~ we v a | uo] uv = a 2 io) ~~) 3 Lol v a a = - vu A — | § hy ares produced on the farm by means of a manure cellar and an abundance of strw litter, enable Mr. Ferland to return to his land the elements of fertility taken from it by the sale of its products and even to increase its productive power. Thanks to the special attention paid to this important point, Mr. Fer- land gets abundant crops from his poorest soil. He studies the table of the fertilizing substances taken away from the soil by the different crops and, by the data of that table, he is guided in the application of manures. He uses these on his hoed crops which form the basis-of his system ; potatoes, tobacco, etc. He applies to his potatoes goo lbs of Victor Fertilizer to the acre, and to the tobacco 250 lbs together with stable manure. The latter is buried in the furrow, which mode of using it is preferred by Mr. Ferland. ’ He ploughs deeply for his hoed crops, which certainly contributes to their success—less deeply in the fali following the application of the manure— and he enlarges the furrow as the surface of the land becomes exhausted. To destroy the couch grass and improve the quantity and quality of his hay on the “ Wood Swamp ”’, Mr. Ferland grows late potatoes there with a thorough- ness in working which extirpates the network of roots and secures his object, while at the same time obtaining a maximum yield of fine potatoes. Rotation—As Mr. Ferland occupies an exceptional position on account of his rights of pasturage for 45 head of large cattle on the Common opposite his property, he does not require to create pastures on the latter and can there- fore advantageously follow several rotations adapted to the different kinds of soils and crops. Thus, on about 70 acres unsuited to growing hay, the fol- lowing rotation is practised : Ist. year, buckwheat ; 2nd. year, potatoes with manure ; ; 3rd. and 4th. years, oats. On the parts on which hay-growing succeeds, Mr. Ferland has adopted the following rotation : 1st. Hoed crops, tobacco, potatoes, Indian corn, etc, during four or five consecutive years, chan- ging the place of the different crops annually. 2nd. Wheat with timothy and ciover, 3rd. Meadow for several years. 4th.Cereals during the last year on breaking up the meadow. Diwvision.—T he division of the land into different fields of very nearly the same extent (See fig. 1) facilitates the best rotation. The Wood Swamp farm , only purchased within a few years, is not divided by fences, which Fig. I. Plan of the farm of, Mr Math. Ferland, Ste Elizabeth. eer 123 would be of no use there. It is not necessary either to separate the fields of the manure farm by cattle-proof fences on account of the rights of pasturage enjoyed elsewhere on the Common. In selecting the crops which form part pf his rotation, Mr. Ferland governs himself by the market, the value of and the demand for produce, the price and the abundance of labor, manures and commercial foods, the needs of his crops and the productive powers of his land. This is why the proportion of some of his crops is susceptible of change ac- cording to some of the economic circumstances above mentioned. For Mr. Ferland does not long adhere to any crop that does not bring him in a good profit. And to not proceed blindly on a path that is often enough pretty obscure, hie takes care to walk constantly in the light supplied by the knowledge of bu- siness men. Account keeping.—It is on this important and too often neglected head among the great body of farmers that Mr. Ferland’s superiority over all the other competitors visited by us is most manifest. Mr. Ferland regards agri- culture as a branch of business which, to be successfully carried on, ealls for as much, if not more, aptitude and spirit of calculation than trade or industry properly so-called, and no one understands better that to be a man of business and calculation and to avoid the making of blunders, it is essential to be enlightened by principles and the results of all one’s operations and, for that jurpose, to keep books of account and information showing the exact value of the results obtained whether good or bad. It is not also within one or two years only, as we have often noted among other competitors, that Mr. Ferland has been keeping books of account as regards his farming and financial opera- tions. We have found that he has kept his accounts regularly for 45 years in an excellent bound book opened by his aged father, who, be it said in pas- sing, had the ability, in spite of his meagre schooling of only two months, night school, to initiate his son in a practice which the latter has always strict- ly followed with all the requisite perfection in keeping with the needs of his farming. ‘Thanks to this practice, Mr. Ferland has always been in a position to pretty surely watch and direct his agricultural undertakings, to avoid the making of mistakes, and even to constantly improve the situation for himself, su that he is to-day one of the most prosperous and notable farmers of the prov- mce, as is moreover indicated by the view of his farm and residence (Fig. 1, pl: I). The accounts are kept in good special books. To mark Mr. Ferlands progress, we refer, for comparisons sake, to state ments of the results of his operations during three years, from 1873 inclusive, and during three years from 1900 inclusive: 1873-74-75) Receipts) ia easels la kia dys bul PR ODOLOM Txpensesarerae= Teoh Haein os etc 2533.26 Surplus of Receiptsie sii cise $ 1766.75 Annual average. ... ........+ p) Seoge TOOO-O1-02" JReceipts ey) Cla sea ee DLAQO 720 ESxpensesh ints etme sae 9750.00 Sob OMES) Oyd INCE US Bis Oo pede. $ 5157.09 Annual sayerace neers sere ale $ 1719.03 Or an average increase of $1130.11 in annual revenue in 27 years. Apart from life insurance premiums, the expense account contains all the outlays for buildings and other new constructions, purchase of implements and machines, improvements of the soil etc. The net profits have remained about the same, but they are high enough to warrant the employment of a larg- ci working capital. The above figures demonstrate an economic fact generally observed in our farming, that is to say, the inadequacy of working capital, which materially retards agricultural progress. A great French agricultu- rist, some years ago, laid down the following proposition : “ The agriculture ‘which spends most per hectare (or per acre) is that which realizes the largest piofits.’’ We are not prepared to assert that this proposition can be made applicable to the whole province, but Mr. Ferland’s practice and success prove that it is correct enough for a great many agricultural situations. Unfortu- nately, not much faith is put in it and not enough of attention paid to it. If a little more study were given to the principles of agriculture, if farm- ers were to apply themselves to making experiments and keeping accounts, how many of them would have their eyes opened to the light of facts and figures ; how many intelligent farmers would, in a few years, improve their system of farming and their incomes, as Mr. Ferland has done. to on | aoe eS IH’ -—<-* ASS ee =ca'. i int pp TEBE hy PTE Fig. 1 A. Sketch ot Mr. Ferlan ’s Farm Fig. 1a. Division of lower pat of Mr. Ferland’s house —A stairway of 7 steps 6 4 wide — A, stairway of 7 steps 4’ wide—B verandah of 5' wide—C vestibule of 8’ 4” in depth’ D hall of 6’ 9” wide—F room o houdoir of 14’ 9” x 15’—G dining room of 23’3" x 15’—Ha wardrobe 4’ x 1,—Hb small wardrobe running along the whole length of the room; 7 kit- 126 chen 22’ 3” x 17’ as a wing to room I; K office 12’ 6” x 9’—IK pantry 9’ x 4’—M stairs porch and door—N Shed and other dependencies.—O cupboard of 8’ x 18,’—P stairs leading to the upper part of the house.—Q chimney—R Sink. Fig. 1b2 Division of Mr. Fe:land’s barn-stable. - Ic. Fig. aa Barn, mows and threshing floors. The threshing floor and mow on the right, 18’, are bridged with planks on the same level and form a single space of 28’ in width. b hores stable, & stalls for horses. cc two rows of double stalls for cows and one narrower row for young cattle. d pouitry house surrounded with wire fence. ee two inclined bridges leading to the stable. w ventilators 8” x 8”. f fodder trap, with moveable ladder hooked up to the ceiling. Fig. Je section of Mr. Ferland’s stable and manure cellar underneath. a manure cellar 7 1/2’ high under stable. b doorways in front and rear to take out the manure. c two 2’ in front and rear to light the cellar which may be used in windows of about 2 1/2’ x 2 summer to house loose animals. dd alleys or passages of 6’ and 6’ 4”, 8” lower than the bridges with one space of 6” between the bottom of the alley and the bridge for passing ma- nure. ¢ passage of 4” at the head of the cows. v position of the ventilators in the middle . g horses mangers. /i metal water troughs, one to every two stalls. 7 metal corn boxes (1/8 sphere) each of the drinking troughs in the horse and cow stables is filled from a tap. A reservoir in the stable loft fed bd a windmill supplies the water to the stock and the dwel- ling. Residence and farm buildings—Mr. Ferland is the strongest competitor on these heads. ‘The dwelling house (Fig. 1, pl. 1) 31’ x 38’ with a kitchen anrex of 44’ x 18’ is beyond question the most notable of the competition in nil respects (see, for division, fig. 1@). The joiner work, painting, furnish- ise, division, accommodation, ail are first class and arranged with good taste. It is supplied with all modern conveniences : hot water heating appa- ratus with radiators in all the rooms of the first and second stories, water- works and cistern, drainage pipes, bath-room and water closet, etc. The upper part contains four large rooms, besides the passage and bath-room. ‘There is nothing, however, in the way of extravagant luxury out of proportion to the income and the position of the competitor. The cellar is provided with grated windows, that of the kitchen holds the hot water furnace and a cistern or re-_ servoir for a reserve supply of water utilizable in the event of a stoppage of the water works of the farm, which by means of a windmill, draws the water from {wo different sources, the river, and a well when the former falls too low in summer, } The farm buildings are also comfortable, while being of simple and eco- nomical construction (see figs I b. and 1 c.). The stables are located 6 feet higher than the mows at each end, and 7 feet and a half over the surface of the seil, which obviates raising the animals during floods and permits the for- mation of a fine manure pit underneath apart from those shown on the above 129 figures. Mr. Ferland has all the dependencies and other buildings necessary | to his farming as above enumerated, namely : 1. Laundry and bake-house, with dairy and shed near the kitchen 20’ x 45°. 2. Grain shed and workshop, 20’ x 30’. 3. Wood shed, with ice house, 20’ x 30’. 4. Root-house for potatoes, 30’ x 40’ over which the carts can enter, and provided with 10 openings above or traps into which the loads are thrown and which can each hold 300 bushels of potatoes, without rendering it necessary to go down inside to spread them. Filled to within 1 foot and a half of the floor, this root-house can hold 4000 bushels of potatoes. The spaces between the potatoes and the floor and between the latter and the root aie tied with dry todder. ‘he straw absorbs the humidity of the root- house and the potatoes and the latter keep dry and sound. Four ventilators are coupled two and two in two central chimneys. 5. A farm hand’s house 24’ x 26’. ” 6. A waggon shed and a piggery 20’-x 44’ and 20’ x 24’ 7. An implement shed and tobacco drier 20’ x 30’ and 35’ x 30’. 8. A tobaco drier 20° x 30’. g. A barn for hay 30’ x 40’. 10. A building used as a store for tobacco 26’ x 30’. t1. A tobacco drier 30’ x 60’. 12. A tobacco drier 28’ x 120’: 13. Two barns for hay below the middle of the farm 30’ x 40’ and 30’ x 50’. 14. A small economical building used as a smoke-house for smoking meats. ‘The fireplace consists of a cauldron of 10 to 12 gallons sunk in the earth. The fuel used to produce the smoke is sawdust and the cobs of Indian corn. Mr. Ferland smokes his own hams and bacon for home consumption and for sale. 15. At the Wood Swamp a barn of 110’ x 37’ x 13’ besides another one oi 50’ x 30’ x 12’ and some other buildings near the river Bayonne. Implements. The outfit of farming implements is large, appropriate and weil kept. We may mention a high pressure pump with pulverizer for spraying potatoes with Paris green and Bordeaux mixture, a potato digger, a potato sieve and a chemical manure spreader. g 130 Drainage system.—This consists in ditches and ordinary trenches in good condition and keeps the farm suitably drained. Choice and preparation of seeds :—Mr. Ferland buys his seed wheat (Ma- nitoba) every two or three years and often imports seed potatoes. For planting he selects as far as possible tubers of the same size. He uses the Bordeaux mixture on his potatoes. Stock.—7 horses, 17 Ayrshire and Canadian cows, 2 heifers and 6 calves, 2 brood sows and 12 shoats, plus some 50 fowl. The horned cattle are not superior for a reason which Mr. Ferland him- self admits and deplores. The meeting of so many herds on the “ Common ” and the lack of an agreement between the interested proprietors of the pastu- rage rights to purchase and use in partnership bulls of an improved breed are the cause of somewhat injudicious crossing and of the difficulty met within im- proving these herds, of which Mr. Ferland’s cows form part. o The pigs are good grade animals and are fed on clover, shorts, and skim- milk. petitor obtains at a distance of a few acres from his farm. Real improvements.—Besides the construction of the house, barn, stables, water-works which cost $650.00 with a reservoir of 2600 gallons and of near- ly all the other buildings above mentioned, Mr. Ferland has made on his farm ail the agricultural improvements calculated to favour the success of his farm- irg, such as the better location of certaim drainage ditches, re-arrangement of his beds and fields, clearing of the bushes along the edge of the ditches, raising of the ground around the dwelling and the buildings and on the road to the barn, improvement of the texture and composition of the soil and consequent increase of the farm’s fertility by the use of lime, chemical fertilizers. and fre- quent enrichment with stable manure, etc. Success.—In 1873, Mr. Ferland was the owner in real and moveable va« lue of about $7,000.00, besides $2,000.00 in money, making in all $9,000.00 To-day, he is worth from his farming, at least $40,000.00 in land, buildings, plant, stock, cash and insurance policies. | We leave to these figures all their eloquence in proclaiming the efficacity of the assiduous application of business 9 . The cows are kept on hay, straw and distillery waste, which the com- 131 principles to farming, coupled with the competitor’s ability and skill. The gold medal of this competition could not be more surely won or more worthily worn than by Mr. Ferland. Long ago, he earned for himself the reputation Oi an eminent farmer in his county, and beyond it, among all who could.appre- ciate his work and his success, so that the palm that has been awarded to him will surprise no one. We venture to add that the gold medal of the Laureate wili do more than reward his labors and his triumphs. It will do honor in all other respects his personal merit, so widely acknowledged as an upright citi- zen who reflects credit upon agriculture and society. In the fear of committing an injustice, we shall take the risk of wounding Mrs. Ferland’s feelings of humility by proclaiming that she is entitled to lay claim to a goodly share of her husband’s reward, for it is only necessary to cross her threshold to at once recognize her powerful contribution to his suc- ecss and honor. 2, Mr. THEOPHILE TRUDEL. (94.55 points) Mr Trudel lives about half a mile to the west of the church of St. Pros- pére, a flourishing little parish at the foot of the Laurentian range, in rear of Ste. Anne de la Pérade. He owns 305 acres of land, 210 being under cultiva~ tion, consisting of several lots, one, 6 x 25 acres being south of the road, and another 2 x 25 acres apart from the wood lots—on the north side, where are dine house and the principal farm buildings. The soil of the farm, especially on the north side, is of superior quality. It is mixed soil with a base of deep granular clay, an ideal soil, as it is easy to work and suitable for all kinds of crops, amongst others vegetables, hay and wheat. The crops were abundant everywhere. The drainage is easy and good. Water is supplied to the stock from springs and from an aqueduct. The mountain side is covered with a maple grove containing a thousand sugar- maples. At the foot of the slope, to the south-east, is the orchard some acres in extent, and containing a goodly number of good apple trees in full bearing. Tie farms in this part of the ranges offer many advantages for easy cultivation and the growth of varied products. It is a small zone of privileged land. Mr. Trudel’s farm has a good house, good out-houses and farm build- ings. The barn and stable constitute the chief feature. Fig. 2, pl. II, shows the nature and importance of these buildings and the well-to-do condition of the owner. The interior arrangement of the house and farm building is good. Mr. Trudel has not less than 50 head of horned cattle including yearling calves. Apart from some head intended for slaughter, the cattle are of registered Ayr- shire and Canadian breeds ; some of the animals are remarkable. Mr. Trudel is an excellent breeder who strives successfully to improve his herds, which ae well kept. The sheep, to the number of over 30, are also thoroughbred ; the 17 pigs are of good breed. We likewise observed a well filled poultry-yard. If we are not mistaken, we found one head of horned cattle to about 3% acres under cultivation, which is a good proportion. In 1902, these herds brought in to Mr. Trudel the following amounts mentioned in his entry for competition : Cattle, $400.00 ; Fat hogs, $250.00 ; Milk taken to creamery, $813.37. Mr. Trudel began his career as a farm owner 35 years ago. He inher- ited a farm of 2 x 25 acres worth about $1,200.00 and $2,800.00 in money, amounting in all to $4,000.00. He now estimates his real estate at $15,500, and his moveables at $2,500.00, making $18,000.00 in all. | This does not seem exaggerated and is a fine success. He has made a good use of the talents. given him. He has spared nothing to give his family a good education, seeing that three of his daughters are nuns and one of his sons is a priest with the Sulpicians. ; Mr. Trudel’s system is good and his work is of the best. The ridges are straight and of good width, but some seem rather round ; we also saw some that were too short. Nevertheless, the general appearance of his fields denotes careful cultivation and the general order is good. The house and farm build- ings are amongst the best in the competition. The stables recently built on a stone foundation are first class from the standpoint of the use to which they are destined. The house has a good cellar with 5 compartments : one for fruit, one for a bakery, one for the hot air furnace, one for the bees and one for vegetables, eic. An aqueduct carries water to the house, to the buildings and to the ad- joining fields. PLATE ITI uividuvyd op “adsorg 4g ‘japnszy, aprydoayy, ° Sty 133 The implements are numerous and excellent ; we found a hay-press in addition to the usual plant on good farms. The improvements to the realty consist in: the building of the sta- ble, the turning and filling in of a water-course for a distance of 500 yards ; re- moving stones and filling in— hundreds of cart-loads of stones have been re- mioved, buried in the ground or used in making drains, foundations, etc..—the iearing of sixty acres on the three lots ; the improvement of the ridges, wa- ter-courses, fences, and in fact of the whole farm. The crops consist of 64 acres of grain and green forage ; 2% to 3 acres cf vegetables, 95 acres of hay and 55 acres of pasture. Exhausting crops, such as grain and hay for the market, predominate. The natural fertility of the soil can stand this system, but impoverishment of the soi], though as yet but slightly or not at all apparent, is bound to follow and iti the sums obtained from the sale of products in kind, a certain amount repre- sents the value of the elements of fertility taken away and not replaced by ma- nure, for he has no other fertilizer than his farm manure, with the exception ot some sixty bushels of wood ashes, to maintain the balance of fertility which is scientifically insufficient. | Nevertheless the soil grows well. After him the deluge ! as with many others. Mr. T'rudel’s ploughing is good ; he tries to get the best seed and not to lose any manure ; the latter is used for the hoed crops and for the meadows that need it most. The orchard is often manured with farm manure and live ashes. The winter food of the pigs consist of cooked roots, skim-milk and ground grain. Dry hay, chopped hay, scalded and mixed with bran make up the chief food of the milch cows in the spring and fall. Hay is likewise the chief winter food of the sheep ; it is prepared and nixed as for the cows. Accounts —Mr. Trudel keeps his accounts well on the Dalaire system. He also has a kind of herd-book for his cattle in which he enters the birth, and the marks of his animals. his is a praiseworthy practice which all farmers should imitate. 134 The amount of cash receipts for 1902 is $1617.25 and of the expenditure $736.76, leaving a surplus of $880.49, or $4.19 per acre under cultivation. Mr. Trudel comes in a close second with 94.55 points in the competition tor the gold medal. This entitles him to the congratulations of the Commis- sion in which we have no doubt his fellow-citizens, who take an interest in agriculture, will join. Mr. Trudel is still vigorous and can look forward to the chances of @ fresh competition, his most redoubtable competitor being now out of it. 3. Mr. PIERRE LAVALLEE (94 points / Mr. Lavallée lives 2 miles east of the Great Northern Railway station, on the Berthier road, m a region of good clay land, yielding plenty of good hay. The farm entered by him for the competition consists of two lots containing in all 190 acres, 170 of which are fit for ploughing. The photograph of the house and buildings, fig. 3, pl. II, shows that Mr. Lavallée’s farm is not the least important in the competition. The fact of the windows being closed is due to the absence of the family at the Berthier exhi- bition when the artist went to take a view of the house. It is easy, however, to judge of the value and appearance of that pretty and comfortable dwelling which is beyond contradiction a first class one in every respect for the purposes of the competition. It measures 36’ x 30’ with an extension kitchen 17’ by 2c’. The house is well laid out and has all modern conveniences and com- fort. ‘The furniture is in keeping with the finish of the interior. Excellent water is supplied by a suction pump from an artesian well. The farm buildings are comfortable, numerous and well-kept. Mr. La- vallée is one of the first competitors in this respect (see fig. 3, pl. IL). Never- theless, we should prefer more light in the stables ; two more windows in front would not seem to us too many. Light is beneficial to cattle ; there should be no fear of having too much light in the stables. |The piggery is one of the best in every respect that we have seen in the competition. 135 The barn and stable (see fig. A) 106’ x 30’ with the cow-stable in the centre and a shed at each end, has a manure shed in an annex in rear. The principal buildings are roofed with sheet iron and have good foundations. All the buildings and farming plant are in good condition, clearly denoting the farmer’s spirit of order and administrative ability. The drainage and culti- vation are very good, obtaining go to 100 points. The soil is properly improved, especially as regards cultivation ; never- theless, the division of the main lot with regard to regular rotation is not per- fect. The accounts do credit to Miss Lavallée who keeps the Dalaire book per- fectly and also a note-book in connection with the seeding and crops. Her good book-keeping has earned the praises of the Commission and the maximum of points. Last year, the receipts were $1188.34 and the expenses $1083.02, leaving a surplus of $98.72, but in this expenditure are included all the disbur- sements for construction and painting of buildings, the purchase of large agri- cultural implements, the education of two girls and other disbursements char- geable to capital, all of which if deducted, bring the profits of the farm to $912.84, or $5.27 per acre under cultivation. Under the head of improvements to the soji, we note the ditches and spreading of the mud from them, straightening water-courses, making sugar from a grove of maple trees with from 1000 to 1200 spouts, the improvement of the garden, ploughing in green manure, a trial of liming, putting plaster on the meadows, the boring of an artesian well yielding 27 gallons of water per minute. * The stock, including a thorough bred bull and cow of Canadian breed, is good, but there might be a few more milch cows. The apparent reason for the relatively small number of cows, 13, is the production of grain and hay for saie, for 200 bushels of grain and 8000 bundles of hay, bringing in $500.00, were sold in 1rg02, while the revenue from the creamery was only $364.84 for 47,929 |bs. of milk. ' The garden, on the east side of the house, is well cultivated and contains some fifteen apple-trees, grape-vines and other fruit, and a variety of fine ve- getables. It is a useful ornament to the property. ee ee ee ee 3é Mr. Lavallée inherited the land he farms, but has improved it considera- bly as regards cultivation, water-courses, fences, ctock and buildings which de- biy as regards cultivation, water-courses, fences, stock and buildngs which de- note ersy circumstances and prosperity on the part of the owner. Mr. Lavallée is not content with farming well, his personal meritorious actions win him the consideration and esteem of his friends and of his family. His agricultural merit has won him 94 points which give him a very honora- ble place in the competition. avy, ‘ ‘ / ae eel + Salarigy yA j [gta SN RES a= BS pe ne ei eee ee memes ee ae | Fiz. 3 Pl. If. Mr. Pierre Lavallée’s farm, St. Norbert. Fig. A. Division of the barn and stable of Mr. Lavallée, a manure shed ; b shed ; ce mow ; dd threshing-floor ; e horse stable ; f cow stable ; g implement shed ; / small corn stable. 4. Mr. CHARLES BONIN (o91.70 points) Mr. Charles Bonin’s farm consists of 170 acres, 125 of which are under sultivation ; it is 4% x 33 acres on one side and 30 on the other. ‘The soil * excellent loam, level as a table and eminently suited for growing hay which ta the chief crop. ‘This rich bottom land can grow hay for a long while with- out manure. ‘The drainage is amongst the best we have seen ; all the ditches are in very good order. Apart from this very important point, the treatment of the soil, although generally good, did not appear to be superior everywhere. PLATE III ovI}UO J ‘[osg ‘OpIsmp_ ‘meyrIg pieapy ‘IY Jo murq—'s “S17 IoIyWag “OD ‘Yleqezy-a3G ‘uluog syD “Ay Jo wuiey—'h “Siwy Wi red ts af - ‘ ‘ J = . re 5 ont ; : * iz a 3 * } : ia t= vg i: 5 ) oil ite ere. oe ¢ —— a oe -_ Pies og | 13/7 We believe that deeper ploughing and more perfect harrowing would be pre- ferable. The rotation of crops and the division, as on nearly ail the hay-farms we visited, is not perfectly regular. Some fields are left to grow hay as long as they yield satisfactorily. We remarked fields on Mr. Bonin’s farm which might have yielded, like others, from 50 to 100 bundles more per acre, a few years younger. The oat crop had suffered from the spring drought as had all others on farms with the same soil as Mr. Bonin’s. Deep or rather sub-soil ploughing would, as a rule, obviate this in similar circumstances. The crops that won the highest proportion of points are: 2 acres of wheat, 3 of barley, 1 of buckwheat, 2 of potatoes and some fields of hay 2 or 3 years old, fine and clear. A field with a mixture of clovers for pasturing pigs deserves special men- ticn and one of the highest notes of the competition. It is a thick mat of tender grass, succulent and nutritious which, with skim-milk, should suffice for the fapid growth of a small herd of fine young Yorkshire pigs. ; The chief feature of Mr. Bonin’s farm is his house of elegant style, well finished and well painted both inside and out, well laid out up-stairs and down- stairs, well finished and comfortable to the highest degree. (see fig 4. pl IIT) A good aqueduct supplies excellent spring water to it and to the farm build- ings. The barn and stable are comfortable and of good appearance but the irame-work is rather weak. The garden to the east of the house grows a variety of fine vegetables for domestic consumption and for sale on the local market ; 33 hives of bees in the young orchard produce excellent honey from the clover, supplying a delicacy to the table and bringing money into the farmer’s pocket. | We must also specially mention as one of the farm’s chief features the fine herd of Holstein cows a portion of which is shown in fig. 4, pl. III. It is one of the best milking herds in the section. The stock consists of the following : 3 horses, 1 mare, 1 half-stallion and a colt ; 30 head of cattle, 15 being milch-cows ; 8 swine, tT sow and 7 young pigs ; 12 sheep, 11 of which are farmed ; 40 hens and some hundreds of chick- cns. All the stock is in good condition. ts 138 ‘The accounts are kept in a praiseworthey manner, on the Dallaire sys- tem, an inventory being taken yearly. The total receipts and expenditure for 1902, were : INGEOINES (5 dor oSH oy Boobs 4. Micrel spate atta vete nel cetokencte $ 1543.51 IF POMOUEIEE. 5.0 secede ev cee Maas bey 1371.18 Balances saeeiy sea . Saez 2aee In the expenses the following items are included : Purchase of sa bulla. ae Gs eras even heck $ 50.00 Burchaseior implements vaiareire a) tetera 125.00 Education of childrens. een eee soe eee 400.00 Potalencr $575.00 This should be added to the balance of $172.33 making the profits of the $747:33 or $5.98 per acre. The chief improvements, apart from the buildings, are : the ditches which aie sufficient and well made ; the application of lime and plaster to clover which has produced remarkable results. tis The crops consist of 34 acres of grain and vegetables, 50 acres of mea- dow and 40 acres of pasture. Like many others, Mr. Bonin sells every year a portion of the fertility of his farm in the shape of hay and grain. In 1902, the sum of $280.50 was ob- tained from this. The 18 bushels of lime and 5 barrels of plaster used can replace wholly or partially only the lime taken away from the soil, without proof that that element is indispensable to it. Potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen are certainly not restored. If nitrogen can be retained in sufficient proportion for the cultivation of clover, the two former, especially phosphoric acid, must be reduced by the produce sold. But this does not prevent Mr. Bonin from being a good, progessive and piosperous farmer. Possessing a certain amount of education he knows how to take advantage of it in the management of his affairs and in well kept ac- counts. As he has a high opinion of education he gives his children a su- perior one, He is ably assisted on all points by his worthy wife who, in ad- cition to the work devolving on her as a farmer’s wife does industrial work PLATE VI Fig. 10,—Giant Elm—probably the largest in the Province,—Repentigny, Lower L,’Assomption,—neighborhood of Messrs Turenne & Foucault. ea rao ith her young daughter for the adornment and comfort of her pretty house ; he excellent manner in which the latter is kept does credit to her ability and Itivated taste. Mr. Bonin’s farm has won him 91.70 points which constitutes a good ccord. 5. Mr. DELPHIS TURENNE (90.60 points). Mr. Turenne lives about half a mile to the east of the church of St. Paul Yitrmite, on l’Assomption river, in a fine country with a fertile soil extending from the village of Charlemagne to the town of l’Assomption, to which the quietly flowing and graceful river with is banks bordered by giant elms gives a charming aspect. (See fig. 10, pl. VI). We must admit that the neatness and good order of the excellent farms in the flourishing little parish of St. Paul L’Ermite contribute in a great measure to the beauty of the landscape and the appearance of rural wealth admired by all who visit that smiling val- ley. In this same place lived the young and enterprising farmer who won the goid medal in the last competition for this section and whom death has since snatched from his family, to the great loss of agriculture. ‘The parish of St. Paul L’Ermite is beyond contradiction the most advanced in the county of TAssomption with regard to the breeding of improved stock and to farming generally, and Mr. Turenne is not the least of the many laureates of Agricul- tural Merit in this sturdy little parish. If he has not succeeded in winning the gold medal this year, it was because the weather last spring was particu- larly unfavourable to his soil and his crops, and he had to contend against competitors possessed of ability and skill beyond the ordinary. But, like his non-victorious fellow-competitors, he has issued with honor from the contest. His farm measures 5 x 30 acres, forming an area of 150 acres. The soil of the lower and middle parts of his farm is excellent alluvial soil, and that of the upper is sandy, resting on a sub-soil of but slightly per- meable clay which keeps the earth cold in damp seasons and when a prolonged droought evaporates all the surface moisture the yield of the crops is more or less affected, as we found, to the great detriment of the competitor, when we visited his farm. Deeper ploughing in the fall and enriching the humus of the soil by plen- tiful applications of farm-yard manure or by ploughing in clover should ad- vantageously modify the composition of the soil in this part of Mr. Turenne’s iarm. It might also be improved by a slight alteration in one detail, that is by pasturing on clover meadows instead of on stubble, as Mr. Turenne does with several of his fields, and in giving a top dressing of manure in the sprin Fie. D.—Sketch of Mr. Turenne’s farm. 10 the first year’s pasture, if the seeding of the meadow has not had a prepa- valory crop of roots with manure. Pasturing on stubble is always a mistake, whatever may be the accidental circumstances that necessitate it, and this de- fect was always manifest to the Commission whenever this system of pastu- ring was followed. PLATE V Fig, 9.—Farm of Mr. Jos. Garault, St. Jacques, Co, Montealm, 141 ‘ The middle part of the farm, a rich basin of friable grey soil, would gain 1ill more in productive power, we think, if the level of the water in the dit- hes were lowered a few inches. The cultibation, drainage, fences and repairs, as well as all things con- nected with order and cleanliness are very praiseworthy. Mr. Turenne is a skilful ploughman and a hard and courageous worker who spares no effort when he undertakes to improve his farm. He owes his agricultural success to these qualities as well as to his fnancial and adminis- trative ability. He is an excellent breeder of improved stock, and his reputa- tion as such extends throughout the province. He is one of the most exten- sive exhibitors of Ayrshire cattle and Leicester sheep in the county of l’As- somption ; he has eben distinguished himself in provincial exhibitnons. The farm is divided into nine large and three small fields, apart from the garden and orchard—see fig. D— Without being theoretically perfect from every standpoint, this division is a good one and in nowise prejudiciable to regular rotation. The fences are excellent, being made of cedar with two iron 1/4’ pins. The rotation is given as follows : first year, cereals or oats on fallow, according to the soil ; second year, hoed crops with manure ; third year, barley with fodder seeds ; sixth and seventh, pasture and green fodder. Some fields outside of this rotation alternate between grain and pasture or hay. Mr. Turenne grows hoed crops on a fairly extensive scale and these c1ops, with the manure, have greatly contrbuted to cleaning his land and in- creaSing his yield of hay, grain, etc, He sows only clean and heaby seed, and changes it every 5 or 6 years. He rools his meadows in the spring in places where the frost has lifted up the soil. He sells hay and grain, but buys some thirty tons of manure to restore tc his soil the elements of fertility taken away by those products in kind. He thus maintains the equilibrium of fertility. House and farm buildings.—See fig. 7, pl. 1V. — The house is an old stone building kept in good repair, well painted and comfortably laid out. The farm buildings are also commodious, comfortable, well kept and in excellent condition. ‘The whole of the barn is floored. There is also an excellent hay barn on the western lot.—See fig. B and C. Amongst his plant which is very complete and first class, we noticed a cir- cular saw for cutting fire-wood and a pulverizer with 3 jets for spraying the potatoes and apple-trees. The accounts are excellently kept in a Dallaire book. Miss Turenne wio has charge of them is to be congratulated on her thorough knowledge of the subject ; a professional accountant would hardly do better and yet she ac- quired her knowledge only in the elementary school of the village ; this does -redit to the teacher and to her pupil. These accounts showed for the year 1902 : total cash receipts $2526.49 and total expenditure $1869.43 leaving a surplus of 737.06, being $4.98 per acre under cultivation. In the expenditure are included amounts paid for the purchase of agricultural implements, lumber for building purposes and a life- rent. ‘The proceeds from milk taken to the dairy amounted to $587.53. The othe receipts were from the sale of horses, fat cattle and calves, sheep, pigs, towl, eggs, oats, hay, potatoes ete. The improvements to the soil are exten- sive, judicious and add considerably to the value of the farm. They covsist in removing stones, making ditches and covered drains in the alley, 30 acres of stone drainage, ditches filled in and made in better places, spreading the mud from the ditches, levelling the farm road, making a good alley leading to ali the fields, repairing and maintenance of buildings etc. Stock.—This consists of 7 working horses, 2 colts, 1 light stallion ; 36 head of cattle of all ages, 21 being milch-cows, 2 bulls (1 old and one youig one) all Ayrshires ; 19 Leicester sheep ; 15 Yorkshire pigs. One poultry- yard contains about 140 fowls of various breeds and good quality. The total stock amounts to 50 head of heavy cattle or about one head for every three acres of land under cultivation, which is a considerable proportion for that sec- tion of country. The most noteworthy crops are hay and barley. The orchard, although small, is fairly good and shows that apple-trees can be grown in the valley of L’)Assomption river to supply local needs. We noticed an excellent little vineyard of Canadian vines whose fruit is made in- to good wine. 143 1 = i. rae i] age t E t t t ‘ WET 2 | I ! J ir ', i ‘ 7) ! ; i t { t ' ra: t aS > 1 t ie Be qor—e ee — - ~~ Fig B.—Divisions of the barn and stable. a horse-stable, b threshing floor, ce cow-sta- ble, Ca two story poultry house, d implement shed,e barn with two threshing floors, / sheep- fold,. 144 Fig. C—Section of a stall in the cow-stable. I pasture, 31 1/2 acres ; 2, Peas and oats, 22 acres ; 3, Oats, 15 acres ; 4, Pasture, 13 acres ; 5, Meadow, 22 1/2 acres ; 6, Meadow, 12 acresa ; 7, Meadow, 15 acres ; Hay and roots, 19 1/2 acres ; a grain and roots, etc ; b House and out houses ; c yard, ete ; d gar- den, ete: e enclosure; f hay ; gg hoed crops ; hh small rocky hill ; 7 orchard and farm- buildings ; 7 highway ; & lower part of hill ; Il alley. Domestic industry is successfuly carried on in Mr. Turenne’s house where a number of industrious and active grown-up daughters under their mother’s tuition, do c redit to that branch of rural economy. Mr. Turenne began his career as a farmer with very small pecuniary re- sources consisting of a few hundred dollars earned as a voyageur. He has nonorahly met his obligations incurred in taking possession of the paternal farm, apart from the life-rent of $200.00 he still pays yearly to his aged mother He has purchased another lot next to this father’s farm ; has paid off the capital of the seigniorial rents ; has repaired the house and farm build- igs ; has built a barn, a shed and a piggery ; has planted trees, put up new fences and made all the improvements already mentioned. He has renewed his herd by the purchase of thorough-bred breeding stock, spending for that purpose the money won in prizes at the county and other exhibitions. Al though barely of middle age he has nearly finished settling his family comfort- ably and everything leads to the belief that he will pass many days in peace, comfort and consolation, thus honorably enjoying the fruits of his labor and his success. He has earned a total of 90.60 points. As we have already said the spring weather was disastrous to his crops. It is easy to see what his po- sition would have been had he obtained 3 or 4 points more for them. PLATE VIIL Fig. 13.—Dwelling of Mr. H. G. Young, Bristol Corner, Pontiac. Fig. 14—Barnan 1s able under construction, —Farm of Mr. Thos, MeDowe!l, Shawville 6. Mr. CHARLES RIVEST. (89.40 points.) The area of this farm is 130 acres, all fit for cultivation. The soil is clayey in the lower part and mixed sand and clay in the upper, and is good everywhere. ‘The line of the Great Northern Railway runs obliquely through the lower part, spoiling the division to some extent. Mr Rivest’s chief merit as regards his farm lies in its suitable division for a rational rotation, also his thorough drainage by good ditches and by means of wide ridges of 50 feet and over on the widest stretch of the farm. This is considered by Mr Rivest as the greatest improvement for facilatating drainage and cultivation. But these ridges must be well made without projecting or concave furrows, with a slight, imperceptible slope toward those that serve to drain off the water in order that they may have the desired result. Mr. Rivest has not neglected his stock which is of good quality. His cattie are Ayrshire and 8 at least are registered. (see Fig g Pl. V) He strives to improve his herd. The stock consists of 2 working horses and 2 colts ; 27 head of cattle, 10 being milch-cows ; 8 sheep ; 13 pigs and a good num- per of poultry. He has been awarded 13.80 points under this head. It is good but the Commission has seen better. The general system of farming, the division of the farm and the instal- lation are good (See fig. .) The buildings call for no special observation. Nevertheless the horse and cow stables are fairly comfortable and well laid out in the center for attending the cattle. There is a silo and a feed-room with a boiler for heating water or cooking food. | Two barns one at each end of thes table, 60° and 80’ respectively by 30’, contain the piggery and sheep-fold aud constitute the principal farm buildings. ‘The poultry house may be point- ed out as having obtained the maximum number of marks ; it is well situated, well lighted, healthy and in good condition. There is also a fine shed, 60’ x 28’, divided into three compartments for grain, wood and vehicles. A tank for li- quid manure under the stable floor collects the urine. We noticed amongst the implements a l’essot grinder. 10 145 2 = 146 Fig, E. fo1 loose cattle ; d, cow-stable ; 4, sheep f¢ kd. 55° 4 tgp eles 80 Pe fi eae Mr. Rivest’s barn and stable—aa, piling floors ; b, piggery ; f, feed-room with boiler ; gg, threshing floors ; h, silo ; cc, compartments PLATE IV ‘josug ‘apistupay “uleyVsgy PAVApry IJY 0} Sursuo0jaq a Ars jo piaH—'9 SIA “IVIVUO GT 147 The accounts which are not so well kept as those of some other competi- dors enabled us with the aid of not. taken from memory to get the following hgures which we give subject to reserve : Total receipts for 1g02—$1641.50 ; iotal amount spent in cash for the farm $207.00 ; profit of the farm $1434.50 or $11.03 per acre. It should be observed that Mr Rivest employs no outside jabour. The chief improvements to the farm consist of drainage, levelling and the niaking of some stone drains. The best crops have been awarded 90 and 39 points. The meadows and pastures are good. The chief crop is hay, 70 acres, against 38 or 39 of grain, green fodder and hoed crops and 20 acres of pasture. The green fodder makes up for the small area of pasture. Mr. Rivest is now 66 years old ; he has owned his farm for 31 years, jias greatly improved it as has been shown and has met with good success. He has good agricultural ideas as regards theory and practice and puts them piofitabiy into practice on his farm. He understands breeding cattle which lie keeps and treats well. He has obtained 89.40 points. With higher marks for buildings and some other details he would have €qualled the highest competitors. 7. Mr. EDWARD GRAHAM. (89.05 points) Mr Graham lives in the 3rd. range of the township of Bristol 3 miles from the station on the Pontiac and Pacific Junction Railway and 3 miles from the steamboat wharf on the Ottawa in a fine and rich farming country. The picture of Mr Graham's farm (fig. 5 Pl. IIL) shows that he is not a 3rd. class farmer. ‘The farm has a fine apperance. The house is first class as regards interior finish and comfort, furniture, the number, the convenient and economical disposal of the out-houses and the general installation. The farm buildings are sufficiently numerous and comfortable and sym- metrically disposed which gives them a fine appearance. Still the cattle stables might be better laid out with regard to economy in attending the animals. (See Vig. F a) 148 Fig. Fa—Sketch of Mr. Graham's farm-buildings. 149 A good avenue leads from the highway to the house and farm ; it is bor- — aered by fine maple-trees for a good distance. Fig. F—Shetch of Mr. Ed. Graham’s farm. ‘ The farm consists of 150 acres, 130 of which are under cultivation and 20 are in forest. (see Fig. F.) The soil is high and sandy in two parts and clayey and level throughout the greater part which is excellent land. The crop is very good and consists of 14 acres of wheat (90 #), 36 acres of oats (ico % ),1 acre of beet-roots, rape etc. (90 # ), 51 acres of meadow (100 # ) and 32 acres of pasture (90 % ). The orchard contains only 13 apple-trees. As may be seen, Mr. Graham grows a good deal of wheat. We could mention to the praise of the farmers in the western part of the province that they grow more wheat than is done in the central countries. Mr. Graham's chief point seems to be the raising and fattening of pigs for the market, especially for supplying lumber camps. (Fig 6 Pl. IV) shows a jot of 90 of all ages. ‘They are White Chester crossed with Berkshire. The milch-cows (10) are not equal to the pigs either in number or in quality. We noticed some head of cattle for slaughter. The chief improvement we noticed was 26 acres of tile-draining. This was awarded 4.50 points. We are pleased to see that the importance of drain- ae eee 150 age is highly appreciated by our western country-men. Mr. Graham has an agency that compels him to be absent for a long while at a time from his farm. This was doubtless the cause of his losing several points in certain details which would have been better had the work been done under the master’s eye. This prevented Mr. Graham from standing as high ui the competition as he should have on account of his ability and agricultural merit. The rules governing the awarding of points did not allow of his ob- aining more than a total of 89.05. WINNERS OF THE SILVER MEDAL t. Mr. P. A. GOUIN (88.80 points). - The farm of Mr. Gouin, merchant of the city of Three-Rivers, is situate in the St. Catherine concession, a short distance from the city. It is a fine farm of excellent alluvial soil, with suitable barn and stables, well cultivated, well divided, with an excellent herd of Ayrshire cattle, all registered. (See fig. 11, pl. VII). ‘The farm consists of 12614 acres, 80 of which are fit for ploughing. The general condition of the soil, of the plant, buildings, fences and crops—to say nothing of the cattle, whose condition is irreproachable,shows that Mr. Gouin is not only an amateur farmer but also one who understands farming as well as he does business. ss. Judging by the figures given in his entry, he obtains hi good profit from his farm and cattle while they are a source of agreeable re- creation to him. He sells hay, butter and cream, milk, pigs, cattle for breeding, ete. But lhe buys bran and grain to feed his stock and manure to enrich his soil so that it does not exhaust itself. Several acres of root-crops (100 %) show the rich- ness of the soil and the quality of the farming. The grain, hay and pastures are equally good. Some meadows, however, seemed a little old ; in fact, some are & years old. The manure is spread on the hoed crops and mea- dows. PLATE VII 151 The orchard, consisting mostly of young trees, is fertilized in the fall with ashes spread at the foot of the trees. The quantity of roots grown by Mr. Gouin enables him to properly feed his cows and pigs in winter. Amongst other useful improvements, we could point out six culverts or ditches with earthenware tiles at places where they run across the farm road. The house and farm buildings are very suitable and comfortable. (See fig. 11, pl. VII). Mr. Gouin’s fondness for farming makes him very useful to his fellow- citizens of the agricultural classes through the good example he gives them and his efforts and success in getting a herd of improved pure breed which Wil contribute to the improvement of the other herds in the neighborhood. (See table of points for the remainder). Mr. Gouin has been awarded 88.80 points which make him the first amongst the winner of the silver medal in the class of amateur farmers. 2. Mr. AMEDEE FOUCAULT (88.75 points) Mr. Foucault lives on J,’Assomption river, 214 miles east of St. Paul VYErmite. The farm, which is wide and not too long, is 106 acres in extent. The land there, though forming part of the level and deep alluvial basin form- ed by the confluence of the great diluvian currents from the north and east, 15 nevertheless slightly undulating, that is to say there are small rocky eleva- tions between level stretches of good soil. This gives rise to both local faci- jities and difficulties as regards drainage. ‘The soil is generally fertile, but where it is badly drained the productive power is greatly reduced. Mr, Fou- cault has probably been more alive than any of the other leading farmers of tne place to the necessity of thoroughly draining his land in order to get the greatest possible benefit from its fertility. Consequently, he has spared no effort to make good deep ditches, well kept, wherever the same were needed 152 to thoroughly drain the low-lying and level lands, and enable deep ploughing — to be done, being careful to spread the earth taken from the ditches in the in- dentations so as to make the surface of the soil level. This principal work done, he removed from his fields the many stones that covered them in some piaces. At present, his farm is certainly one’of the best in the competition as regards order and cleanliness in every department : plant, fences, buildings and crops. The crop was abundant everywhere with the exception of some patches of peas. It must be said that this crop was light throughout that sec- tion. It was not th competitor‘s fault. If Mr. Foucault had devoted to the improvement of his stock the same intelligent efforts he has devoted to his land and crops, and if his house and farm buildings were equal to those of the other competitors as regards style and layirg out, he would certainly have been on a par with the strongest competitors for the gold medal, inasmuch as ne has lost 6 or 7 points under those heads and under that of accounts. Mr. Foucault applies himself successfully and rationally to having good noed crops : ¥% an acre of beans, 2 acres of potatoes, %4 acre of Indian corn for grain, 3/4 acre of Indian corn for fodder were awarded 100 %. The pas- tures which, under present circumstances, we consider the principal crop, were awarded 100 4. The fences, made of good cedar, were irreproachable in every respect and were awarded the maximum number of points. Order in the field shown by good ploughing, good wood ridges—14 feet—even and well made,was award- ed 2.20 out of 2.25. - The house, 28’ x 26’, is not a first class one, but it is neat, comfortable and in good repair. A good shed 40° x 22 with a laundry or summer kitchen 20° x 22’, a place for fire wood, another for vehicles and a grain loft, constitutes aay, an economical and comfortable out-house. The farm buildings (see fig. G) are solid, neat and in good condition, but on the whole their shape and the disposal of the places for the stock are not sufficiently improved. They consist of a barn with two threshing-floors across 78’ x 28’, a horse and a cow stable 54’ x 25’, with a porch Io feet having a poultry house at one end, the sheep-fold at the other end anda thresh- ing-floor between the horse and the cow stable. The gable-end of this build- ing communicates with a front corner of the barn by a covered passage. ‘The ' t be ¢--——- os—<- -& pa gee or \€ t tg i] t e 4 q a i a i wi A a ~ Lea ae cae co “ INinrceea - is da ok — LEE POT ITO PILI Pe OLE LET DLP OR DNR Be Ved H 8 Ve i rv v Vi, tee of i i) t eM | 1 Eo Jeoed ae ie we ce cae ee ee ee Bo. e ¥ ~v] - > Fig, Lb.—Gates on farm. Fig. L.—Mr. Legris’ barn and stable, 137’ x 38’ including porch of 10’ ; a, horse-stable, b, cow-stable, c, threshing floor and piling floor. d, sheep-fold ; e, barn 40’ x 30’; f, porch DAT ALO; 173 The crop is good without being the best of the competition. It consists ot : 4 acres of wheat, 2 acres of spelt, 30 acres of oats, 2 acres of peas, I acre ot maslin, 1/4 acre of mangolds, 1/4 acre of potatoes, 41 1/4 acres of meadow 26 acres of pasture and 2 acres of green fodder. ‘here are pastures not suit- able for ploughing elsewhere. Buildings.—The farm buildings are numerous, having metal roofing for tne most part, in good repair, comfortable and in good condition. (See fig. i4, pl. IX, and figs. L and La.) The sources of revenue are the same as in the case of all good farmers who follow the system of farming necessitated by circumstances. In 1902, Mr. Legris says his sales were as follows : onmedscattle sn). 4)..0 i ac. 2 ote aces elect $ 240.00 Pam So 278 2 isis, to a/c SSSR aye Gene RO 160.00 Shrek. PRR oer pees © ot YO el ge be 220.00 POwliting. . Re eae eect Lipton bioao Sic 40.00 (arsrpe OOMMISHElS <4. =, ectheigies teeters 150.00 Ina, SO) Ons) Sea ee ieee on iat Aten et 240.00 Milk delivered at creamery, 60,000 Ibs....... 480.00 MUERTE IANA SECC (<1 (a:'si2) 4° 601550 clas ch cape neraimrarsy 31.00 ‘LT Gtal':t: pat eeteoapier $1561.00 The expenditure in connection with the farm amounted to $188.00 only, jeaving for interest on capital and the labour of the family the handsome amount of $1373 or $12.48 per acre under cultivation. If these figures are correct, they are very praiseworthy. Nevertheless, the sale of oats and hay takes away from the absolute perfection of the system of cultivation as re- gards the mentenance of fertility in the soil. Mr. Legris uses manure on the meadows, the pastures and hoed crops. With the exception of some plots of vegetables, he manures 4 acres of mead- ow-land every year with straw as a top-dressing, and 4 others with liquid man- ure obtained from a special tank under the stable ; also 6 acres of pasture with solid manure. With a view of securing economy in fodder and better food, Mr. Legris chops the hay and straw which he mixes, damps and allows to ferment slightly before feeding it to the cows. Progress.—At the time of his marriage, in T88t, when he really began his career as a farm owner, Mr. Legris was worth $4,500. At present his in- yeutory shows $15,800.00. This fine success and his personal qualities have won him the esteem of his fellow-citizens. He has been mayor of his parish and is still president of the agricultural society of the county of Maskinongé. 174 As he is only 48 years old, he can hope to live a long while yet and loo forward to the realization of his brightest hopes in his agricultural underta- kings. Meanwhile, the silver medal gained by the 86.20 points awarded him, will indicate his rank amongst the distinguished agriculturists of his section. Mr. Legris is a first cousin of Hon. Senator Legris. 11. Mr. HENRY VERTEFEUILLE (86.05 points). Mr. Vertefeuille’s chief points of excellence are the cleanliness and good cider of his buildings which are sufficiently numerous and comfortable, the quality of his fences, ditches, his horses and his crops, also the quality and — good order of his plant, all of which indicate him to be a saving and careful man who farms with method. The cattle, grade Ayrshires, are large and good without being of superior — quality. The grade Yorkshire pigs are good. The area cultivated by Mr. Vertefeuille is 155 acres out of a total area of 165, 34 being situated at the foot of the hill in the alluvial basin of Lake St. Peter. This is the ideal fertile land of the Province of Quebec. The remainder of the farm, constituting the greater portion, is on a pla- teau overlooking the lower plain or valley of the lake. This clay plateau is of older formation, of more compact soil especially at the upper end of the faim and less fertile. The lower part grows hay without manuring and seems inexhaustible. The upper part is under a rotation of grain and pasture uiearly always on stubble. This is a defect in the system of cultivation. It may be said that the lower part injures the upper by preventing it from grow- ing hay, instead of helping it by giving it its elements of fertility by means of manure. In the upper portion, manure should be spread on the pastures 175 and an early crop of clover be obtained before turning the fields into pastures, by means of the following rotation for instance. Ist. year, a mixture of grain, green fodder and vegetables after fallow ; 2nd. year, wheat, barley or oats with meadow seeds ; 3rd. year, meadow mown early and pastured at the end cl the summer ; 4th. year, pasture with a top-dressing of manure in the spring ; 5th. year, pasture to be ploughed in in the fall. Of course, Mr. Vertefeuille does the same as the owners of other rich hay-farms in the Province and this product is easy to cultivate, gives much val- ue to farms in that place which is from $120. to $130. an acre. Mr. Vertefeuille would perhaps sell more hay while producing more milk if he followed the above mentioned rotation on his farm.. Mr. Vertefeuille’s dwelling is a good house in good repair, well finish- ed and comfortable, surrounded on the hill side by fine tall trees giving shade and forming an agreeable ornament to the property. Mr. Vertefeuille who is only 38 years old, was born in the Western States ; he lost his mother when 18 months old and was brought up by his uncle Mr. Onézime Vertefeuille who gave him the fine farm he cultivates. His father who is 60 years old, is an American citizen and lives with the other members of his family at Somerset, Wisconsin, where he owns 340 acres of wheat land and several properties in the village. Although Providence de- prived this competitor of his mother shortly after his birth it has evidently not denied him all its favours. | His success in the competition, in which he is awarded 86.05 points entitles him to the silver medal. 170 12.—Mr. JOS. LAPORTE (86. points). Mr. Laporte lives 3 or 4 miles east of the village of St. Norbert, half a mile from the station on the Great Northern Railway, on the east side of the © Lonaventure stream, the land, it may be said, of the Canadian cattle of which ~ ‘he himself is a good breeder. He cultivates a farm of good loamy soil, level, well drained, 135 acres in extent, yielding good crops on the whole and espe- cially several acres of good fodder, the surest crop for obtaining milk in sum- ymer. ‘There are good plots of hoed crops and an excellent kitchen and fruit garden, well looked after and enriched with a top-dressing of light soil. It contains from 15 to 20 good apple-trees which are yielding though young. (Fig. 20 Pl. XI.) shows the buildings, their disposal and the cattle. ‘Everything denotes a farmer who has done well. The stock which is good on the whole, consists of the following : 3 working horses, 2 colts ; 2 regis- tered Canadian bulls, 14 cows, 6 being registered Canadians, 3 head for ‘slaughter, 5 heifers, 2 of which are grade, 12 calves, 6 being Canadians ; g Cotswold sheep ; 6 grade pigs and a Yorkshire boar ; from 50 to 60 Brahma fowls. ; Mr. Laporte has a hand separator and makes excellent butter which he sells every week at a good price. If we cannot point out any details absolutely remarkable or superior to others from the standpoint of instruction, we can say that Mr. Laporte’s farm, in its entirety, wins him enough points to entitle him to the silver medal. Se Fig. 20 pl. XI, and the table of Points. Mr. HONORE LEMIRE (85.85 points). 13 Mr. Lemire lives in the vicinity of the old church of Maskinongé and of Mr. Henry Vertefeuille, mentioned above. His farm is similar as regards sit- uation, the quality of the soil and the system of cultivation on the hill and be- low it. It is 121 acres in extent, 117 being under cultivation. This farm has a fine new house whose well laid out interior corresponds to the well-finished exterior. In front of the house and on one side are fine flower-beds, 2 good gardens (kitchen and fruit) looked after in such a manner as to show that Mrs. Lemire and her daughter possess the art of combining the useful with the agreeable. (See Fig. 15 pl. IX). PLATE X Jala 0D p8uouryseyy ‘armoa’y “HAW Jo wey — "st SIT }IBqIoN-3S ‘gy10de’T “sof “1Jq JO mie,y~— LI 177 The out-houses and farm buildings are similar to those of Mr. Verte- feuille (No 11) and are separated as may be seen by Fig. 15 pl. IX. They are sufficient in number and quality in every respect. The soil is well drained and levelled ; the stones have been removed ; it is well cultivated and in good order. The herd of milch-cows might be improved ; the cross-bred Canadian horses are good. The chief improvements to the soil consist in water-courses, spreading the mud from the ditches, removing the stones and a drain and embankment in the garden. The crop is one of the best : (29.15 points). It comprises 3 acres of wheat, 29% acres of oats, 3 acres of peas, 3 acres of buckwheat, 55 acres of hay, 21 acres of pasture and one acre of green fodder. Mr. Lemire’s mother, his wife and daughter do excellent work in the way of domestic industry, such as carpets, clothes, knitting ete. A roll of carpet inade by Mrs. Lemire, senior, at the age of 82 years, won a first prize at the three Rivers exhibition. ‘This good old lady is of the vigorous type of the Canadians of old. She does not look more than 60 years of age. Mr. Lemire is a director of the agricultural society of his county and his agiicultural talents are known in the neighbouring counties which call on his services as judge in their exhibitions. He has obtained 85. 85 points which utitle him to the silver medal and diploma of Great Merit. 14.—Mr. THOMAS MCDOWELL (85.80 points). ‘ Mr. McDowell lives a mile north of Shawville, a flourishing little town and business centre of the township of Clarendon, well built and situate on thé line of the Pontiac and Pacific Junction Railway. The farm entered for competition consists of 200 acres, 130 being arable land and the remainder for- est. The house and farm buildings placed on a small hill near the road pos- sess every advantage from a sanitary standpoint with a fine view over the plain around Shawville. The soil is level and of good quality as a rule. The cultivation is well carried on and the crops are very clean and very good. ‘The most remarkable features of this pretty farm are its buildings especially the barn and stable not yet finished when the Commission went there, and the stock. la This building is 100" x 40’, standing 14 feet above the concrete founda- tion 8’ x 3° containing the stables. The barn, proper, over the latter, has two cross threshing-floors which are reached by means of two inclined gangways. In the cow-stables there are two rows of stalls with mangers towards the walls, a iong main passage in the centre and two feeding passages at the heads of the cattle. It also has several box-stalls. The floor is of concrete. It is a first class building, well lighted and well laid out. The other buildings them- Ss€ives seem sufficiently numerous and comfortable. The herd of short-horns is the best of that breed in the competition. ‘The Oxford Downs sheep also deserve high marks. Mr. McDowell has 6 horses, 1 bull, 4 cows, 3 heifers, and 4 calves, all registered Durhams, 19 other grade cattle, 8 of which are cows and 6 calves. 1 Oxford Down ram and 36 ewes and lambs. Fig. 19 pl. XI shows some head of thoroughbred Durhams. Fig. M—Mr. McDowell’s farm.—c, b, yards and buildings. Novd ’ Js LOO! ot cane a Wee eee ee ae ae 4 3 t <> ’ or oe Saati -see@e t = 3 tig. N.—Proposed divisions of Mr. McDowell's stable, fig. 16, pl. X. RA el aTTAMPYS ayarpof ‘oD ‘atuvjgyq-aIS ‘we s nesieg ‘sof 1 ‘}]eMOCDIW ‘SOUT, “IJ 0} Sursuojeq ‘suiopyy yous pasaysise1 179 Mr. McDoweil devotes himself chiefly to the production of meat and the _ better to attain his end he raises the best breeds for market which is the correct way. He says that beef pays better than milk ; thus he milks only 5 cows and allows 6 calves to follow their dams to the pasture. Amongst other improvements to the soil, Mr. McDowell has carted iswamp muck and put it on sand-hills, and has put sand on black loam. He generally ploughs in clover after-math on several acres every year to enrich his soil in humus and nitrogen and keep it in condition for growing good wheat with which he seeds several acres every year. The crop consists of 8 acres of wheat, 45 acres of oats, 4 acres of peas, 1/16 acre of beans, 1% acre of swedes, % acre of carrots, % acre of parsnips I 1/4 acre of potatoes, 4 acres of ensilage corn, 40 acres of meadow and 25 or 26 acres of pasture. Hoed crops with manure and ploughing in clover are an exceilent way of keeping the soil clean and fertile. Mr. McDowell says he sold last year : 712 bushels of oats at 28 ¢ and 105 bushels of wheat at 73 ¢, making $276.01 PmPeOMNUAV EEE -OO- sw ep wie ene Us he ae 28.00 Milk taken to factory. , oo hs Lie Ren a Me ae arial ORR I roceeds from sale of eerie. CEC. ie ae OR eas ee, ae cee gn ore Total... $1683.13 He says he spent $500. in purchases for the farm, leaving a surplus of $1183.13 or $9.10 per acre of arable land. Mr. McDowell is beyond contradiction one of the most deserving farmers of the fine township of Clarendon and the silver medal to which the 85.80 points he has obtained will entitle him, is a lasting proof of his merits. 15.—Mr. JOS. PERRAULT (85.75 points). Mr. Perrault has a fine farm in the main range of Ste-Meélanie ; the land is loamy and comprises several lots of a total area of 225 acres, 210 being ploughed. It is well drained and stoned and the fields are in perfect order The buildings are numerous and comfortable considered separately but their disposal and general conditions are not perfect. The chief ornament of the farm is the owner’s dwelling. This is a fine large house well built and finished, with a water-supply and sinks, excellent furniture and very convenient dependencies, in fact everything required for a ‘—rst class dwelling. See Fig. 70 Pl. XI. The gardens around it are full of fine vegetables and small fruit and are irreproachably kept like everything else about the house, both inside and outside. The stock consists of : 4 horses, 1 a two year old colt ; 27 head of cattle including 5 yearling calves and 14 cows 3 of which are thoroughbred Ayr- 180 shires and 1 a grade Jersey ; 20 sheep and 6 pigs ; also a considerable numbez of poultry. The stock was awarded 12.50 points. This is good but there is room for improvement. Mr. Perrault has an extensive sugar-bush with 1900 spouts, which brings kim in a good revenue in favorable seasons. The crops most worthy of note are : I acre of barley, 3 acres of lentils, 114 acre of potatoes, 1 acre of Indian corn and 34) acre for ensilage—10o0 points ; 3 acres of green fodder—go points. The remainder of the crops is inferior to that of several other competitors. Last spring’s drought which was so injurious to all heavy soils is no doubt the chief cause of this. But the ex- hausting system followed by Mr. Perrault may have something to do with it. He sells a good deal of hay and timothy seed without restoring to the soil the elements of fertility he takes away from it. Thus in 1902 he sold 100 tons of kay, 10 tons of straw and 71 bushels of timothy seed. Of course these sales biought him in a tidy sum but the power of production of the soil is reduced by so much. It should be said that the farms of that locality are not very old and still contain a considerable reserve of plant food. Nevertheless it is a prin- ciple of agricultural economy that it is better to be saving of uss initial rich- ness than to exhaust it. All things considered, Mr. Perrault is a skilful, lucky and prosperous far- mer. He began a poor man, with a small farm 2 acres by 30, with inferior buildings, wit no improvements and not fully cleared. In addition to other properties he now owns a farm 30 acres by 6%, with good buildings and good plont, making him a very well-to-do farmer. He has a good constitution and possesses great aptitudes which he has turned to advantage for himself and for his family. He is 56 years old, has 7 daughters and 4 sons who assist him ef- tectively in his work. Mr. Perrault is not only a worthy farmer ; in his youth he was a soldier and wears the medal for the Fenian invasion of 1866, to which the silver med- al of Agricultural Merit earned by his success will be a fit companion. 4: 16.—Mr. HERCULE MILOT (85.60 points). Mr. Milot owns 300 acres of land in several lots ; 275 are fit for plough- ing and 200 acres adjoin the village of Yamachiche. There are two farming establishments, one in the village and the other where he resides, about a mile above it. The latter is a pleasant residence on a hill, with tall elms, a garden and some apple trees (see Fig. 21 Pl. XII). The 200 acres aforesaid are of rich alluvial soil that grows hay chiefly ; it is also the best kind of wheat land. Jt is well drained by means of good, well-kept ditches ; there are even too many of them, there is a cross ditch every 125 or 150 yards. ‘The ridges are PLATE XIL Fig. 22.—Farm of Mr. Damien Lachapelle, St. Esprit, Co. Montcalm. Fig. 23.—Farm of Mr. Jos, Poitras, St. Gabriel, Co, Berthier, 181 wide and well made but too short owing to the nearness of the cross ditches. We consider most of these ditches unnecessary and even hurtful. A ditch in the middle of 2 acres with good furrows and larger ridges, would, we think, be ‘preferable as regards economy and facility of working and sufficient for drain- age. This defect seems general or too common in that region. Many per- sons admit it and are thinking of doing away with it. The farm is well cultivated and the crops good. The fences are in good order. The chief feature on Mr. Milot’s farm is his stock ; 5 good horses and a’ Yearling colt ; 39 head of horned cattle 16 being cows, 2 bulls and 9 yearling calves, Holsteins and grades. (See Fig. 13 Pl. VII1)—One of the cows gave. from 60 to 66 lbs of milk a day for 40 days, another 50 lbs—24 Hampshire down sheep ; 10 good grade pigs. Mr. Milot sells as much hay and grain as he can ; the greater portion of his farm is sufficiently fertile to stand this exhausting cultivation and to en- rich its owner without exacting repayment, leaving to future generations the task of paying the debt. Mr. Milot is not only a grower of hay on a large scale, he also trades in it and at the same time is an agent for the sale of agricultural implements. These two sources of revenue allow him to improve his land and his stock and tlo be classed amongst progressive agriculturists. His family, consisting of several grown up sons and daughters, are of great assistance to him in the culturetot his farm. His 85.60 points entitle him to the silver medal. 17.—Mr. DAMIEN LACHAPELLE (85.55 points). Mr. Lachapelle lives with his old mother and sisters a fraction of a mile from the village of St-Esprit de Montcalm. He cultivates a good farm 2 x 30 acres, being one half of the farm with which his father, Charles Lachapelle, won prizes in the competition for best farms in the county of Montcalm. The Sn has not degenerated and farms with the ability bequeathed him by his fa- ther. If he has not obtained a higher number of points it because the partition of the farm between his brother and himself has affected the proportion of the ‘stock, the division and number of the fields and the rotation which has caused him to lose several points. The farm was formerly badly drained, badly laid 182 cut and very rocky in places. At present, with the exception of a couple of sinall hills that are not quite finished, it is everywhere well cultivated and yields well. The soil is clayey as a rule and fertile. ven The chief features of this farm-are the order and cleanliness that reigu throughout. There is a place for everything and everything is in its place ; we would also add the quality and efficiency of the ditches, the excellent work done in removing the stones which is manifest in the g00 odd yards of stone fences and 200 yards of drains in good working order. There are likewise a good {two story house, comfortable and well laid out, with water-works that supply water to the farm buildings also, and numerous out-houses well placed and convenient. In this respect it is one of the best dwellings in the competition. A fairly large flower-garden with trees and a nice painted open fence, separate the house from the highway (see Fig. 22 Pl. XII). The garden and orchard are to the south east and south west of the house. . The farm buildings are of the usual kind but are in good repair, improv- ed and economically and coveniently placed. The piggery is one of the best 6f the competition. The sheds for vehicles, piggery 1s 1€ I comp aa implements and grain are sufficient and suitable. The number of points (6.50) awarded by the commission for the farm buildings attests this. Mr. Lachapelle grows a fair proportion of hoed crops, 534 acres, 2% be- ting in tobacco. The latter crop is held in great esteem in the parish of St- Esprit as well as in the neighbouring parishes of the county. We saw there the finest field of tobacco we came across during our whole inspection. The female portion of Mr. Lachapelle’s household carries on domestic in- dustry with a courage and skill that does it credit. All the bed linen, sheets, quilts, blankets ete—the towels, carpets, knitted or woven clothing ete. are nade in the house in seasons and on days where outside work is not more ur- gent. - For his farm on the whole and for his success Mr. Lachapelle has been awarded 85.55 points entitling him to the silver medal of Very Great Merit. . PLATE XIII apear[of ‘OD ‘Yeqeziyq 91S ‘ulqny puowpy “ayy Jo wuey—'hz -s 183 18.—Mr. EDOUARD AUBIN (85.45 points). Mr. Aubin lives in St-Pierre range 3 miles from the Ste-Elizabeth village and Station on the Great Northern Railway. He cultivates 112 acres of good soil, the total area of the farm being 135 acres, from 20 to 25 of which are wood-land including a maple-grove of 400 trees. The farm is regularly divided into six fields of equal dimensions allow- ing of a good rotation (See Fig. 0). It is well drained by good ditches and is in good order everywhere. The cultivation and crops are good ; in some places, however, the ridges are perhaps too round. Fig. O.—Sketch of Mr. Ed. Aubin’s farm. The buildings are of the ordinary kind but numerous, comfortable, white- washed with lime, like all others in that section, well kept and in good condi- tion. The house is a nice one, well divided, well finished and well kept, comfort- able in every respect, with an aqueduct supplying both it and the stables with ‘excellent water. There is a good young orchard containing some 60 apple-trees, healthy and bearing fruit, a nice kitchen and fruit garden, well cultivated, con- taining a small vineyard and various other small fruits which give an appear- 184 ‘ence to the farm that does credit to the owner. (See Fig. 24, Pl. XIII) and | ranks him amongnst the progressive and well to do farmers of that region. Mr. Aubin tried liming with good results. He uses his ashes on the mead- ows and in his orchard,a purpose for which they are well suited. Success—Mr. Aubin began with the farm on which he now resides but has greatly improved it, has abel the house, barn, stables etc. and has also bought 45 acres of land. He has only one son with him and the impossiblity of obtaining labor compels him to follow an extensive system by growing chiefly hay ‘and timothy seed which bring in a surer net profit. He sold 200 bushels of timothy seed in 1902. Mr. ‘Aubin is only 58 years of age and, humanly speaking, can hope to continue his successful agricultural career for some time to come if he inherits the vigorous longevity of his old mother who lives with him. That venerable old lady, in spite of her 86 years, sews and works like a woman of 50 and can still thread her needle without spectacles. For his whole work and his successs Mr. Aubin has been awarded 85.45 points which entitle him to the silver medal. 19.—Mr. CHRISTOPHER JENNINGS (85.50 points). Mr. Jennings occupies the eastern angle of the township of Sheen whére he owns a fine farm of 240 acres fit for cultivation and 50 acres of forest ; the public highway runs through it. ‘The soil is fairly level with some undula- tions and is generally good loam more or less light and suitable for crops of all kinds. There are also several plateaux of excellent yellow soil. The excel- lence of the crops denotes a fertile soil. It is one of the best farms in the township as regards natural advantages for the growing of various crops : grain, fodder, grass, vegetables and fruit and for the outward adornments that rural art and ingenuity can suggest. A sheltered orchard south of the house contains from 25 to 50 apple-trees loaded with fruit ; fine rosy Duchesses make one’s mouth water. Mr. Jennings, finding that the artist and his compan- ions were fond. of apples, insisted on filling their pockets. A clear and shal- low stream flows over a rocky bed between the house and the barns, affording facilities for watering the stock at all seasons and for raising poultry of all kinds including ducks and geese. The farm is well cultivated as may be seen by the appearance of the crops. | The farm buildings may be considered the best in the place if we take 1- 0 account a barn that has been repaired and raised on a high stone foundation So as to have in the basement an excellent modern stable. (see fig. 25 pl. XIII) A The many clumps-of trees observed here and there on the farm show that this is still a new country ; they are pleasing to the eye while affording a shel- er to the cattle from the summer sun and a protection against the cold and mp winds of the fall. The rocky soil in some places has necessitated the removal of large quan- tities of stones which have been used in making fences, drains, foundations, bridges ete. The cattle consist of crossed Durham and Ayhshire and are fairly good ; there is a fine registered short-horn heifer. The herd, including 7 yearling calves, consists of 42 head ; there are 81 sheep and 17 pigs. Mr. Jennings makes his butter on the farm. There is no creamery in the neighbourhood that we know of ; he therefore devotes himself more to the production of meat than of milk. It seems to us that a good creamery or cheese factory at Sheenborough would be useful. Mr. Jennings’ accounts for the year are as follows : MEME OONADUISHICIS F501 ae o. .'s 0, -\s, « sine wemehe sinlare' tle $ 336.00 SIMMONS 32 )'d.n(ch eS i he ei nya. clas a Eee cota ete yell 308.00 BaniiGie, COCR orp Ramo Oboe Oricon cotu.s c 102.00 Semon ror siauphter: (6). 2). sal wx. seinen spe motets 180.00 iAialiys Cue -( C2 I PIER UAP IAP Ice orc Aa 73.00 PM oleae oi eH \0) a, 5,8 ole eae Bela wd chew amas eats 30.00 Totale i erike se 1029.00 penses. for the farm.’ .....1.s cje.cc sodas Ming ene bm 500.00 Balance senate $ 529.00 N.B.—The figures cannot be complete or the year must have heen a bad one for, judging by the extent and quality of this year’s crops, they miglit be more than doubled without exageration. 186 (See Fig. 25 Pl. XIII and Table of Points) Mr. Jennings is apparently one of the most prosperous and deserving farmers of his township. He has well earned the silver medal to which the 85.30 points awarded for all the details of his farm, entitle him. 20.—Mr. JOHN DONNELLY (85.25 points) Mr. Donnelly resides at about 1 mile from the church of Sheenborough and 2% miles from Fort William. His farm which was visited by the Com- mission, is one of 100 acres, of which 20 are in bush. There is a fine kitchen and a fruit garden containing ten apple-trees. The dwelling is not large, but has a pretty appearance. The land is broken by sev- eral small gullies. | Towards the western end, the soil is sandy and sandy- clay and more loamy towards the middle and east : good land for vegetables and grass, mostly hard-wood soil. The farm is pretty well divided, an avenue running through nearly its whole length. The buildings, located towards the western end of the land, near a brook, are arranged so has to form three sides of a square and to protect the open yard to the south against the cold winds. Their site is well chosen and very favor- able for one of the best farming outfits. The buildings are numerous and sufficiently for all the wants of new building of 30° x 26’ x 14’ square and a good stone dairy of 10’ x 13’ ; 85. the farm. We may specially mention the cow and the horse stables ; good sugar maples and some other trees embellish the frontage along the public road, the private avenue and the surroundings of the house. The tillage is good and the crops fine for the nature of the soil. Mr. Donnelly raises a good amount of different varieties of hoed crops, and ‘be- tween 4 and 5 acres of several kinds of potatoes. Stock.—Grade Durham with a good bull at the head ; 25 cattle in all, including 5 calves ; Sheep, 29 grade Shropshires and Leicesters, Swine, 13 grade Yorkshires and Berkshires, the whole of fair quality. PLATE XIV - The stable manure is applied to the hoed crops, especially the potatves, d on the surface and ploughed in. ' The pigs are fed partly on vegetables. Mr. Donnelly occupies the paternal farm of which he cleared a great part t. His father, a native of Ireland, took it up when it was in bush about 60 Ts ago. _ Mr. Donnelly, who is now 55 years old, was worth about $800 when he k possession of the farm. He is now worth $5000. He has made many portant improvements. For his farm as a whole, he was allowed the same mber of points as Mr. Keon, which entitles him to the same reward. 21. Mr. MATHIAS KEON. - (85.25 points) Mr. Mathias Keon lives in the village of Sheenborough, in the vicinity which he owns a fatm of 200 acres, of which 150 are arable. The greater rt of this farm is situated on a plateau of good light loam, very fertile, but 0 very rocky, well divided, very well cultivated and almost entirely stoned. e finest fields have been well cleaned and the stone has been used in 81 acres fencing, not too well made, and in the construction of foundations, wells, iry, etc. Oo Naturally drained, this farm needs no ditches ; but one wet spot has been ied up by means of a stone drain 4 acres long. There is a sugary of 300 spouts. Mr. Keon sows clover seed with all his grain, and it is probably this ex- lient practice, which, by keeping the soil rich in humus and nitrogen, is the use of the fine crop of grain, potatoes and hay which we admired in most his fields. The stock is good, consisting of 6 working horses, two yearling colts and e of the year, one registered Shorthorn bull, 12 milch cows, 20 beef cattle, 0 young cattle from 1 to 3 years, and 10 calves, the whole of Durham breed ore or less pure, a good number being almost pure. The pigs number 11. — The production of beef is the chief object. We regret that the photograph of Mr. Keon’s fine herd was spoiled. Mr. Keon follows this rotation : peas, potatoes, etc., wheat, oats, hay}, 3 ears pasture ; more than 40 acres of permanent pasture. 188 He claims to have sold in 1902 cattle, horses, pigs, etc., to the extent o $1250. The buildings present no remarkable features. They are situated, toge ther with the dwelling, on a handsome plateau, overlooking a valley. A good fruit garden, with a fine exposure, deserves to be ‘better kept. The buildings comprise shelters for the loose animals. This is a way t make a good deal of manure and the practice appears to be general in Sheen borough and in Allumettes Island. Mr. Keon uses the Bordeaux mixture successfully in three applications. He was ‘born on the land he farms, which was cleared by his father, a na tive of Ireland. When he took possession, in 1872, it was hardly worth $1500 ; to-day with his rolling stock, he estimates its value at $7000. But he has worked hard to clear it up, divide it and put it in the good state of tilth in which i}: { to day. Mr. Keon is an excellent farmer, who-spends most of his time on his faim, where his children work constantly. He aims to do all his farm work weil and to raise good cattle for slaughter. He has well deserved the 85.25 p. c. points which may be allowed to him under the programme and which en- title him to the medal of Very Great Merit. 22. Mr. LOUIS BACON. (85.10 points). Mr. Bacon, who lives one mile east of the village of St. Grbriel, has a faim of 140 acres, 100 of which are fit for ploughing. This farm contains some rocky hills of yellow sandy soil, but the greater portion is good loain. It is well cultivated, well drained, has good cedar fences and orde: reigns: everywhere. ‘This is its chief feature. Then considerable work has been done in removing stones, but it is not yet finished over the entire farm. The stones are used in making buildings, fences, revetment walls, etc. The stone fence, however, is not as well made as it might be. There are fine maple trees around the house (see fig. 27, pl. XV). There is nothing worthy of note in the buildings, but they are very suita- ble for a farm that is only in the second stage of colonization. PLATE XV Fig. 29.—Short Horn calves, Mr. | ar Berrigan’'s farm, Allumettes Island, Pontiac. The herd of cattle is not very numerous nor as yet very much improved, wit the purchase of a good Ayrshire bull by the farmers’ club leads to the ex- ectation that there will soon be an improvement. The crop is good (90 to 100 per cent). Mr. Bacon’s chief and incontestable merit lies in his work and succes) ag a settler who has cleared his own land. He carved his farm out of the forest. He had only 2 horses and 3 cows and was able to sow only 18 bushels of seed. He bought for $380 another lot belonging to his father’s estate. He has cleared and improved his two lots, has built a barn, stable, house and out- houses. In a word ,he has succeeded in securing comfort and ease for his old days. He is at present worth $go00 without owing a cent. This is certain- ly praiseworthy success for the locality. He is now 68 years old and can rest on his laurels with the silver medal attesting the happy result of his labors. Mrs. Bacon, a woman of robust health and virile courage, has vigourous- ly seconded her husband in his clearing and other work. She spins and weaves her house-linen and clothing for her family. The glitter of her hus- band’s silver medal must also be reflected on her. 23.—Mr. JOHN MONTAGNE (85.10 points) We regret that we have only an obituary notice to give of this competi- tor. A few days after the artist went to his farm to get a photograph of it, he succumbed to a violent attack of inflammation of the lungs. He was a progressive farmer and an excellent breeder of stock. He had a good house and farm-buildings (see fig. 28, pl. XV), owned good stock in fair numbers : Ayrshire bulls and cows, Tamworth pigs, Shropshire sheep, Wyandotte fowl, etc. His farm of 145 acres, of which 110 were under ti'.4, wes well cultivated, well drained, well levelled and its fields were in good or- der. The condition and value of the crop bore evidence to the good quality of the soil and of the cultivation. 190 a rT LL mich n ns : : Mr. Montagne put manure on the meadows and pastures and in the pj tatoe rows. All the details of his farm denoted an advanced and well to farmer. We have since learned that this fine farm had passed into oth hands. He had been awarded 85.10 points and was entitled to the silver medal. 24. Mr. AZARIE MIREAULT. | (85.05 points). Mr. Mireault entered a good little farm of 60 acres—2 x 30—situate few hundred yards from Ste. Marie Salomé, on the south bank of Vache creek. The chief features of that farm are the levelling and improvement o the fields and ridges, the perfection of the drainage and cultivation and th quality of the principal crops ; also a good little herd of Canadian cattle am an excellent kitchen and fruit garden with a good exposure. The seven years rotation also denotes a fairly well thought out system Ist. year, grain and roots ; 2nd. year, cereals ; 3rd. and 4th, meadow ; 5th and 6th., pasture ; 7th., peas. The table of points indicates sufficiently the relative value of the other de tails. Mr. Mireault, who carries on another kind of business, no longer farms his land himself and merely directs operations. But he does so with a know-| ledge of the subject that makes his small farm a model for many. He is ar enlightened judge in agricultural matters, especially Canadian horses and cat- tle. He has been president of the Agricultural Society of the county of Mont- calm and of the Farmers’ Club of his parish and every movement tending to pronote the progress of agriclture receives his energetic and enlightened sup- port. The number of points awarded him entitles him to the silver medal which honors his merits and, through him, farming in his parish has made re- markable progress in the past few years. 25. Messrs ISIDORE PARENT, JOS. MARION, ISAAC VALCOURT, JOS. ROUSSEL and CLATRE MASSICO7T 1i.— (85 points). These five competitors obtained the same total of points with, however, some difference in the details. 191 Mr. PARENT owns, to the north of the village of St-Ambroise, a farm | of 5 x 26 acres, 85 being under cultivation. The remainder is wood-land, partly a maple grove of 1200 spouts. A portion of the farm is high, of ~ sancy and rocky soil ; the other and more extensive portion is good loam suit- able for hay and grain. The house and farm-buildings are on a plateau with -mapie trees around. ‘The house is properly finished and comfortable. It has a good aqueduct which supplies also water to the farm-buildings. | There is beside it a garden well filled with fruit and vegetables ; the few apple-trees in it are loaded with fruit ; a young orchard of 65 trees has recently been stajnt- ed south of the house. : The farm buildings, which are of the usual style, are so arranged as to be couvenient and economical, sufficiently s:pplying all needs. ‘The land is well _ drained, well cultivated and in very good order. With the stones removed from it, some hundreds of yards of fences have been made and 7 acres of drainage. The crop is good. ‘The stock consists of grade animals and requires im- proving. It consists of : 4 working horses, 1 two year old and 1 yearling colt ; 1 bull, 9 cows, 3 heifers, 2 calves, 7 sheep, 10 pigs, 75 turkeys, 76 hens and chickens. Mr. Parent is an industrious and courageous man who does every- thing with his own hands. He has made slow but sure progress without run- ning into debt. He began without means and earned his property with his labour ; his father gave him no money. His success and his merit are not over-rated and will do credit to the medal that rewards them. Mr. MARION lives two miles from the village of St-Gabriel on th same plain at the foot of the m« yuntain where Messrs Poitras and Boisvert live. He has a good farm of 116 acres. He is not inferior as a farmer to the other com- petitors in his parish already mentioned ; he was unable, however, to obtain the same number of points. His progress and the condition of his farm never- theicss entitle him to the decoration awarded to good farmers. We have noth- ing superior to note with regard to the same items of his competitors. We would however mention his excellent horses, his good ditches and the improve- ment of a piece of heavy land by means of sand. The yield of his fields (99 to 100 %) attests his good farming. Pe et ae ee Mr. VALCOURT entered for competition a farm of 150 acres of good loam, 150 of which are under cultivation. He has obtained the maximum num- ber of points for the two chief items of cultivation viz. absence of weeds an order and neatness in all the departments (3 points and 4.95 points). Thi makes it unnecessary to mention many other details in connection with which his superiority has not manifested itself. The drainage and good cultivation resulting from order in the fields are of the best. As a result the crops were good considering the injurious effect of last spring’s drought on compact soils. Mr. Valcourt has a good house, fairly large and comfortable, and good farm buildings for all his needs. | j The stock of grade animals consists of : 6 horses ; 29 cattle, 19 being K milch-cows ; 26 Ses and 7 pigs. The number of the latter might be gi eater. Mr. Valcourt spreads the manure on the meadows in the fall. Domestic industry is carried on in the house. Mr. Valcourt’s farm shows } thit he is one of the good farmers of St-Léon. He has obtained a total of 35 points which entitles him to the silver medal. Mr. ROUSSEL deserves more than a simple mention and some informa- tion relating to him personally and to his farming. He is a Frenchman from Haute Sadne ; on his arrival here in 1888 he settled with his wife and ten chiidren on the Forges road 3 miles from Three Rivers on an abandoned lot of sandy land on which some small buildings had been erected but were in a state of dilapidation. There was no lack of room or of timber to build a shelter but it was a sorry soil to cultivate for his family’s subsistence. It was like the sand of the Sahara. The moving road leading to Mr. Rousset’s through a torest of brush-wood, birch, dwarf and gray pine is sadly monot mous. I1ow could anybody hope to live on the agricultural products of such a suil 2? Mr. ‘Roussel hoped against hope and, strange to say, has met with remarkable suc- ‘cess. As he was not rich, he was not able to buy a good farm with the neces- Asary plant. His 280 acres of sand, only 60 of which are ploughed as yet, the remainder consisting of bush (196 acres) and pasture (24 acres)—cost h’tm» little. After putting up a shelter against the weather, he bought a few imple ments, sold fuel, while doing a little gardening which he increased evey year, purchasing manure with the proceeds from the sale of fuel and of his vége- tables. Mr. Roussel chiefly grows vegetables for the Three Rivers market. P25 mts sold fuel, doing a little garderning which he increased ever year, pur- hasing manure with the proceeds from the sale of fuel and of his vegetables. Mr. Roussel chiefly grows vegetables for the Three Rivers market. He has en planted apple trees which this year are yielding a good crop. The yield for 1902 will give a better idea of the kind of cultivation and of the production of this poor soil. Well kept accounts, containing much in- formation, guarantee the accurancy of thos statement. Watcwvianitoba White 2... ... 2 eee ee 13 acres 200 bushels IRISGIS, oA bof IS ieee aoe reer Tp? Any ey memmsmvanious Kinds .. 20.8 woes oes ames Ag per iia Conn, (ao caee Ee D eo AO i ge) sold orarors: =( Paglys Rose). .....-2. .shee. Onis 400"? MEM ISUREUTTIDS) Feo. 5 ce Sale ely a Males el 800m a Beet-roots 4 aio ee aE ERRNO ees, i 60 (CHK 154 Gan Cae 1:3 RoR ee 150 “0408S Ale ee eae lyre, 92000 eledd Various vegetables : Asparagus, tomatoes, Green peas, lettuce, leeks, onions, oyster oi 6 = aaa ennai on Orie 1 ” about $100.00 Indian corn for fodder (crop failed) ..... % ” 1 ton Tengil éllonaaye 4 tae Ren ne ARI 1! eplila 10 tons in 2 cuts MiemOthy DAY ... 2.0 e es wee ee eee ‘Se egy 33 loads The proceeds of the sales for the same year are given as follows : MPAPITEATNCADUCEEL |. cays c/a ao eres pibiotowse sim! tn ivialer aN nbs $ 46.00 Vegetables etc .... 66.6 e cece eee teeter ene e es 650.00 Tiotaltvrore eats 696.00 Spent fated lp cMe ho 0¢ ERM Bore PPh eee chicuby, Yat en roadie we 42.00 Balance (ithe so. $ 654.00 13 al 194 The following gives the area of the crops in 1903 with the points indica ‘ting the quality : Dats “ess toys seus aboot Sie ee a Ola eer tence 20 acres 100 % PEASY ais ctacar clakel nuied Baler eres anes Ore Oke eRe gees Lee 80” Bick wheat 0 asta yhese vee We chan neS Srey ska) anaes 100” Beanisyea eth ates a Se alse ag he cata ere Vener 100” ‘Ratblelibeets ai) Ak seein ware ete i yan 100” Swedish turnips iss) .e setae eee Vi Nap ik 100” ‘Kable: carrots ves. Bote ee ena yi” 100” Potatoes! 5 srs wha reiete es ua eRe Orne 85” Ikayabebngoran nore Seah obo booseg soacbs ace Wat 85” iindranvcorm ton foddeie.eeema wc eterna URE 85” RObaACCO./el5- Saar OER RL rere ee Oe Salimers 100” Cabba res sic cc nis Aaa) a areeepeeiy sea etn recess Te ie 100” Bi CucKimbersyntOmMatOcSmelC ier eae Nerney irr Wie! 100” FA avy’, (x Siegal oh ca cye apse Re eh ters tose eae Loge go” Pasture. SAO se cee ee eae ete 8% ” 80” Oxchardhoie58 iirees 25 mbes opener 0.50 pts. Small fruit : strawberries, currants etc ..... 1.00 pts. Kitchen and fruit garden, filled with a good va- Hlety OL meniit andy Veretablesw cm atsiencr serine cit er 1.10 pts. All these have been well cultivated and the potatoes which are perfectly sound promise a good yield. Of course this little farm has not the appearance of wealth presented by the fine large farms in the fertile regions of the province, but it has the neces- | sary buildings and they are in good condition. A stone root cellar now under construction will allow of vegetables being kept through the winter and fetch- ing better prices. The house, although modest in appearance, is well finish- ed and painted inside and is not lacking in comfort. An avenue bordered by resinous trees leads to the highway ; this plantation which is both an ornament and a protection gives a distinguished appearance to this humble farm where on Mr. Roussel with the devoted assistance of his family has procured them a modest subsistence. . This shows what can be done on arid soil by means of good agricultural knowledge aided by economy and industry on the part of the family ; it shows also what can be done with the help of manure. And yet so many allow it to go to waste. Mr. Roussel buys about 200 loads of manure per annum in Three Rivers and about one ton of bran for his few head of cat- oeINOg ‘wopuase[D ‘ar[rAmeys ‘| PLATE XVI I UL[D “AN jo uuez— of B17 105 tle. He has as yet only 4 cows which are not as good as they might be as re- gards quality. We are of opinion that the herd might be profitably increased and improved. The whole family, daughters as well as sons, work in the field, most of the labor being done by hand owing to the area under cultivation being too small for the economical use of machines. There is however a potatoe-digg- er. Mr. Roussel’s daughters also make clothes, house-linen, ornaments and liqueurs, We admired some fine needle, knitting and crotchet work etc. and tasted a variety of delicious liqueurs. Since his arrival in the province Mr. Roussel has had the misfortune to lose his wife, a son and a daughter. This misfortune seems to increase the courage of the remainder of the family who labor perseveringly to improve their condition. We are happy that Mr. Roussel has been awarded a sufficient number of points to entitle him to the silver medal he so well deserves. Mr. MASSICOTTE lives a few hundred yards east of Mr. Trudel in the same region of good soil mentioned in the report on the latter. He has a farm of 300 acres, only go of which he cultivates. The chief feature denoting Mr. Massicotte’s agricultural merit will be seen in the photograph of his farm (fig. 30 pl. XVI) showing his fine herd of Ayrshire cows. He owns 28 head of cattle including calves and 9 cows and some bulls are registered thoroughbred Ayrshires. He chops his hay and straw, mixes them with chaff and ground grain and scalds the whole to feed his milch cows. This process improves and saves the fodder. The manure is carted on the fields in winter, piled in large heaps and spread in the spring after ploughing, then ploughed in for roots. ° A por- tion of the manure is spread on the meadows as a top-dresing ; another is ap- plied directly to the grain ; this last method is not the best. 196 Mr. Massicotte’s accounts give us the following sales for 1902 : 2roxen fOr Slauehterr. 2. a vacieks OPEC teal See $ 80.00 A-Ayrshite ‘bulls 2043 3 cz ens, dees oh eM eee eee 105.00 3 Ayrshire calves ...... Laat ce ROR OL Bee thal ee 45.00 20 bushelsyot wheat: ..%.atsas sp er-1 ome reece Pe ste eee 25-00 2000s bundlesoi ha yam ckiehs tke Peteeenere ne reaer een tena 120.00 Butter and! cheesewciyaays caste ae Pairk etn 450.00 Motel ee ho Ne Ie eae $ 885.00 The photogrph of the farm and the details of his cultivation and work show that Mr. Massicotte is one of the progressive and deserving farmers of: his region and the 85 points awarded him promise him the reward of his’ merits. BRONZE MEDAL LAUREATES Most of the laureates of this class apparently are well installed and, both as farmers and citizens, enjoy as muchc onsideration as many of the silver me- dal laureates. Simply, all the details of their farms and their tillage, in keeping with the programme of the competition, failed to realized a sufficient totality of points to entitle them to a reward more in accordance with their success and their position. We publish a photograph of the farm of one of them to give an idea of a good many of them who might figure as favorably in this report if its already too extended limits permitted. 1—Mr. REMI HENEAULT (83.65 points). Residence :—St-Pierre range, adjacent to Mr. Ed. Aubin (18) on the opposite side of the road. Excellent strong loam, 3 x 38 acres, divided into 7 fields of equal size. No avenue. 5 cross fences and 5 gates, a road in the middle to the last cross fence ; pretty good division for rotation, but not handy enough. Excellent drain, three good ditches and trenches. Ridges of good width. Crop clean and pretty good. Several acres of fine green fodder, an excellent system to secure milk ; % an acre of mangolds for the milch-cows in early winter, another good practice to prolong the flow of milk. 197 Dwelling :—Good, large, comfortable interior, without being equal to some others ; embellished with a flower bed in front emblematic of the work and taste of young girls. | Farm buildings numerous enough for all wants, good and whitewashed. Mr. Heneault grows his vegetables on the break-up of old meadows, with manure. He feeds his pigs especially on clover in summer and on roots and shorts in winter. After calving, the cows receive clover and 6 to 7 Ibs. of oats shorts per day and per head, in mash until they are put out to pasture. Such isa brief summary of the more remarkable agricultural details cf Mr. Heneault’s farm. But his account keeping takes the palm over every- thing else, and he was awarded his 3 points for that item. It embraces not only the cash receipts and expenses of all kinds, but also the year’s balance and much useful information as to estimates of the yield of different crops : an excellent practice to exercise the eye and the judgment. Mr. Heneault is not yet aged ; he has raised a large family. But his farm is large and good enough to generously reward the well ordered labour of many arms. He is a good man devoted to the public interest and agriculti- ra! associations : such as farmers’ clubs, agricultural societies, etc. He care- fully follows the progress of agricultare and the country. He reads attentive- ly the public reports relating to agriculture and agricultural industries. In fine, he is an intelligent and well informed farmer on all that concerns the agricultural policy of his native land. By continuing to apply his mental faculties to the cultural and profitable operations and improvements of his farm, he may raise himself several degrees iu the scale of agricultural merit and win a greater reward. 2.—Mr. MICHAEL HAYES (83.25 points). Storekeeper and farmer at Sheenborough, at a distapce of a few yards from Mr. Math. Keon’s ( No 20), proprietor of 300 acres of land, one half of which is under plough ; two lots in the village of Sheenborough and one at Lake Sullivan. The latter is a charming lot of superior fertility. All the arable ‘portion of these lots consists of a good yellow clay, very productive to judge hy the crop which is excellent and which is made up of : wheat, 3% acres ; oats, 65 acres ; mixed peas and oats, 10 acres ; mangolds, % acre ; swedish turnips, % acre ; carrots ¥g acre ; potatoes 2% acres ; Indian corn, % acre ; hay, 62 acres ; pasturage, 40 acres ; orchard, 15 to 18 young apple-trees. The tillage is good. Mr. Hayes is rated lower than his neighbour, Mr. Keon, be- cause his real improvements are less. His stock comprises : Horses.—5 mares, 6 working horses, 6 colts from I to 3 years ; 3 colts of the year, all broken in ; Catile-—1 thoroughbred Durham bull and cow ; 8 other grade Durham cows; 3 animals for slaughter, 13 young beasts, 7 calves of the year, 1 of which is thoroughbred Durham, all the others being more or less Durham grades ; Sheep:—2 grade rams and 27 lambs ; Pigs :—1 boar, 4 sows, and 15 young pigs, grades ; about 6 dozen of Plymouth Rock poultry. Though Sheenborough is not a great centre, it includes nevertheless in- habitants in very comfortable circumstances, of whom Mr. Hayes is a stri- king example. The farm products, which he chiefly sells, are hay and oats. He states that he sold $660. worth of these in 1902, besides $190. worth of butter and $150 worth of potatoes. Pork, beef and mutton also find ready sale. Mr. Hayes supplies the lumbering establishments in winter by hauling provisions and merchandize hundreds of miles into the interior. Mr. Hayes has spent hundred of dollars on imoroving his lots which he purchased out of the profits of his trade and which are now returning to him. an excellent income. He is a farmer of merit. _A little more perfection and order in some details of his working would easily, in another competition reise him to the rank of the higher class laureates. 3.—Mr. BENJAMIN LACASSE (82.95 points). Mr. Lacasse resides at 114 mile to the south of the village of St-Andé- Avelin on the Papineauville road. He owns 120 acres of land in two lots of 2x 30 acres. Apart from some mountain boulders, the soil is of good quali- ty, but hard to drain in spots. The site of the house and buildings has been well chosen. There is a small orchard and a maple sugary of 500 trees. We have no exceptionally meritorious detail in regard to Mr. Lacasse’s farm and crops that might be usefully mentioned. But it must not be inferred from this that Mr. Lacasse is a farmer without merit. Leaving his father’s home at Ste. Adéle, when only 12 years old, to earn his living here and there, 199 Ihe managed, by his saving habits and good conduct, to realize in his travels a sum of $600., with which 3 years ago he bought the lots which he now owns. In the matter of clearing and buildings, there were then upon them-only 10 acres of chopping, an old house and another building. Today, Mr. Lacasse ploughs 100 acres of good, well improved land and owns a pretty good stock of very fine quality. Not having a large family, he lacks help to keep all the details of his farm with the thoroughness and art called for by the maximum of points in the programme of the competition. He is building a good dwell- ing for himself that will include all the necessary comfort. Mr. Lacasse’s success and merits are justly appreciated by his fellow cit- izens. He is a director of the farmers’ club and agricultural society. He appears to be a zealous farmer in all that concerns the public interest and agri- cultural development. We regret that we have not been able to grant him a higher reward and one more in keeping with his labors. 4.—Mr. JOS. FERRON (81.90 points). Mr. Ferron, of St-Barnabé, has a good strong loam farm of 120 acres, well drained by good deep ditches, and well enough tilled as far as the farming operations proper are concerned, but not divided with the skill needful for per- fectly improved farming. A fault which is observable moreover on many farms in the region, is the ploughing of the land transversely to the fields or fences, which makes the ridges too short and is not practised by the coun- try’s most advanced farmers. Still, the crops of hay and grain are good and clean—go to 100 % The herd of cows is weak, but the pigs and sheep are pretty numerous. The sale of hay, grain, milk and meat is the chief source of revenue, especially in the case of the two former products, which yielded $490 in 1902. The dwelling and dependencies are good and comfortable. There is a large garden stocked with fruit trees, among which are 7 apple-trees. The farm buildings are of the ordinary style and sufficient in number and size for the wants of the farm. Mr. Ferron ploughs in several acres of green clover every year, which is a good practice for his land. He has owned the latter for 18 years and has since improved it. He has built a piggery, shed and barn, repaired the fences, remade the ditches and spread the earth thrown out. Mr. Ferron has already passed the turn of life, but his son seems disposed to continue the improvement of his system of tillage and his stock, all of which may be gradually done, without special outlay, while at the same time increas- ing the income. The number of points awarded to Mr. Ferron ranks him amongst the farmers of good merit. s,—Mr. JOS. PAYETTE (81.80 points). Mr. Payette’s property is not immense, but it is sufficient, 75 acres with a good small sugary worked with 400 spouts and 69 acres ploughed, of excel- lent heavy loam in a limestone region, which can be easily enriched by a skill- ed farmer. Moreover, Mr. Payette does not complain. The best points are for his buildings and improvements, such as sto- ning etc. The barn and stables form an ordinary structure of 100’ x 40’ including a porch of ro’. At one of the ends is another barn of 50’ x 25. ‘The whole farm has been stoned and the stone, which was taken off in pretty large quantities, has been used for fencing and buildig etc. A good part of the earth thrown out from the ditches has been left on the spot. Mr. Payette raises about 4 acres of roots, potatoes, tobacco etc. and a little green fodder. The herd of grade cows includes some good beasts. Sales in 1902 : Cattle ad ss 35 pethsbicde the acista sah wen tep ede eaeede ee ee tole $ 300.00 Gratiauis ecu) eectens Sieh ein no E reper merece rcnabEs 35.00 Hay), Aooonbtmdlesig aie tier este eve eee oe eee 170.00 Milk at theicreameny a5 000M bSynra sistent trio 230.00 ANA igs 4's Go's 3 725.00 Although the state of several details caused Mr. Payette to lose several points, he none the less possesses the merit of having prospered on his farm in spite of encumbrances and accidents. At the start, he had to indemnify his family to the extent of 13.000 frajies ($2166.67) besides paying for some years an annual rental of $150. Today, he claims to have $6000 laid aside and he values his farm at $6000. Admitting that these values be realized ‘in a liquidation, his success does honor to the competitor It is fair to add that his second wife brought him a fortune of $1200. When Mr. Payette will have improved the division of his land and his wide ridges by more perfect levelling, his agricultural merit will increase by several good points, without diminishing the value of his former work or hampering his success. 201 Mr. EDOUARD PICOTTE (81.80 points) Mr. Picotte owns 400 acres of land, of which he cultivates 245, 150 acres being still in bush. The tilled land is in part sandy, being situated on the.hill of Allumettes Island. There is a good black soil below the hill, but it holds many stones. The stoning work has not yet been completed. Notwithstand- ing the bad composition of the soil, the crops are fine. Six or seven acres of hoed plants, potatoes, turnips, tobacco, beans, Indian corn, ete., are well tilled vand are a success for the soil. The fields and crops are in good condition. The buildings, suitable and convenient enough strictly speaking, date from the outset of the settlement, being constructed of cedar timbers squared with the axe, except a shed more recently erected. The price of cedar to-day im- parts to the bnildings an intrinsic value greater than their handiness. Mr. Picotte has built on ay elevation whence there is a pleasant view jover the Ottawa river, to the south, and over the hill of Pembroke. He owns a pretty large stock of grades, among which, however, the quality of some of the animals leaves something to be desired : 9 horses and colts ; 47 cattle of which 12 are milch cows ; 39 sheep, 17 swine, 23 turkeys and 250 to 260 cocks, hems and chickens, 10 geese and several peacocks, constituting the largest and per- haps the most handsome collection of poultry in all this competition. The most attractive detail of his farm is unquestionably the orchard and the 19 improved hives of bees ranged under the trees. | This orchard contains 3200 apple-trees of different kinds in bearing, and not badly kept, one hundred of which are still young trees. | The Duchess and other apple-trees of similar ‘season were literally loaded with fine fruit. A border of maples and oaks along the avenue leading from the house to the barns, protects the orchard against the strong westerly winds. The soil of the orchard is laid down in hay, chiefly clover. The competitor states that he sold in 1902 : rit 107.0:-bushels: , x +200 sua oe eer eine cles Septet meer Wigulove) MAY E Biot ap 3) 2 BS a So lS) a os SSM ey || (53) +3) . |2 pts. |4 pts. |3 pts |2 pts. | 1 pt. {1.50 p. 1 |/Mathias O. Ferland... 225 | 225 1.95 | 3.90 | 2.95 | 2.00 | 1.00] 1,50 a 2 |Théophile Trudel. ............++ 305 | 210 1.95 | 3.85 | 2.95 | 1.95 | 1.00] 1.50 oc 3 3 | Pierre Lavallée.................-| 190 | 170 1.95 | 3.90 | 2.75 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.45 cs Ail hes) Boninseecy seater eens | 170-| 125 1.90 | 3.80 | 2.75 | 2.00 | 0.95 | 130 = | S 5 |Delphis Turenne........ ........| 150 | 148 2.00 | 4.00 | 2.50) 200] 095] 140 e 6 Che-tRimestic..smciescie-oeeeeal eon a 130 200 | 3.75 | 2.25 | 1.50 | 075] 1.35 7\Edouard Graham..........--..-.| 150 | 130 190 | 3.80 | 295] 200} 1.00} 1.40 1 P.-Avila Gouin, Ama. Cl. 126}/ 80 | 2.00 | 3.90 | 2.75 | 1.90} 1.00] 1.40 2 Amédée Powell tices sesceecs | eseeennl|pecesses 1.95 | 4.00 | 2.90] 1.80 | 0.95 | 1.40 3 (Panll Lavalléeis sc -secterssi see: 230 | 200 1.90 | 3.75 | 1.75 | 2.00 | 090] 1.36 | 4 |JOS. GAarceat...cc.-cececes coos] 90 15 190 | 3.90 | 280 | 1.85 | 0.80 | 130 | ' | 5 Onésime Demers...........+..... | 100 90 1.85 | 390 | 2.90 | 175 | 0.90] 1.20 a 6 Mathias Ferland.........00+ «s+ 116 70 1.95 | 3.80 | 2.85 | 1.95 | 0.95 | 1 40 | | . oO 2 7 Hugh G, Young -e.cc+ cesses 100 95 | 1.90 | 3.80 | 3.00 | 2,00 | 0.95 | 1:25 | u 8 Edouard Blais...... .... 400 | 200 1,90 | 3.50 | 250 | 2.00 | 0.90 | 1.40 - 9 |Thos.-B. McCrea......-.sescessesee 350 | 300 1.75 | 3.15 | 2.65 | 1.80 | 1.00 | 1.25 io) Fy 10 |Ulderic Legris ..... .cesecs see 120 | 110 1.90 | 3.90 | 275 | 1.75 | 0.95 | 1.40 | 11 |Henry Vertefeuille...... ........ 5 |} 155 1.85 390 | 2.90 | 1.95 | 095) 1.45 12) JOS: LApOrtessncen vesenansincacseive 135 | 135 1,90 | 3.75 | 2.85 | 1.90 | 0.95 | 1.45 13 Honoré Lemire sss. scsessesesseees| 121 117 1.85 | 3,85 | 2.85 | 2.00 | 0.95 | 1.45 | 14 Thos, McDonell ...e...ce00 see] 200 | 130 1.95 | 3.80 | 2.00 | 1.85 | 1.00] 1.40 15 |Jop. Perraultecssscsesusesenee| 225 | 210 1.90 | 3,90 | 2.75 | 2.00 | 095 | 1.25 4 ! 1 219 AGRICULTURAL MERIT i903. POINTS AWARDED Vu. ‘See vi | Vu. Ve es IX Sige | ae Be igze| > | 2 sailing Mee = ce] | 2 |e lee) Els | 2 lel emeisaiieea | i leo fae Pepe i ky) tia days) icopet ket eee | saa) oe pts. |0.50 p |0.25 p.|0.25 p./1.50 p 0.75 p.|1.50 p. 0.50 p |2.25 p. 3 pts. 2.00 | 0.50 }........| 0.20 | 1.75 | 6.95 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 0.70 | 1.60 | 0.50 | 2.20 | 4,90 | 3,00 1 2.00 | 0,40 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 1,25 | 6.50 | 5,00 | 5.00 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 2.15 | 4.85 | 250 2 1,95 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 1.60 | 6.75 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 2.29 | 4.90 | 3.00 3 1.85 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 1.35 | 6.10 | 5.00} 500| 0.70} 1.25| 0.50| 2.15 | 460) 3.00| 4 1,95 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 1.40 | 6.55 | 5-00 | 5.00 0,70 | 1,45 | 0.50 | 2.10] 4.75 | 3.00| 5 180 | 0.40} 0.20 | 0.25 | 120} 5.95 | 5.00 | 500 | 0.70} 1.00 | 0.40} 2.15 | 4.25} 1.50] 6 Hy 90) 20546) | = rs) AD = | 3 ° Bees ices) 5.) SS ele Wey |B Se) Slee & na m |A | & is = & Q pi ia a < 50 p.|0.25 p.|0.25 p.|1 50 p 10.75 p.|1 50 p.|0.50p 0.50 p.. 3. pts. | | . ‘ ! } | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 1.25 | 6.35 | 5.00} 4.95 | 0.65 | 1.25 | 050 | 2.00 | 440] 0.25 46 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 1,30] 6.20 | 5.00 | 4.90 | 0.65 1.25 | 0.40 | 220} 4.50] 0.25] 47 040 | 010} 005) 1.00 | 5.20 | 4.75 | 500} 065 1.45 | 0.40} 2.00 | 4.50 | 0.25 48 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 1.40 | 6.05 | 5.00 4.90 | 0.70 | 1.25 | 025 | 2.10 | 430] 0.25 49 0.35 |... 0.05 | 1.35 | 5.65 | 5.00} 5.00 | 0.60) 1.35 | 050] 1.90] 4.35 | 0.25 50 0.15} 010} 0.15 | 1.10 | 4.85 | 4.90 | 5.00 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 2.15 | 4.25 | 020 51 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 1,10 | 5.55 | 495 | 4.75 | 0.75 | 1.40 | 0.45 | 2.05 | 4.65 | 0.05 52 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 125 | 5.40 | 4.95 | 5.00} 0.75 | 1.40 | 0.45 | 2.00 | 4.60 |........ 53 0.30 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 5.15 | 4.80} 4.80} 0.65 | 140] 0.40 | 1.75 | 4.20 }......... 54 0.40} 0.15 | 0.05 | 1.25 | 5.65 | 5.00 4.95 | 0.60} 1.35 | 045 | 195 | 4.35 | ........ 55 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.15 1.00 | 5.90 | 4.90 | 5,00 | 070} 1.40 | 0.50 | 2.10 | 4.70 |......... 56 | 0.25 | 020} 010] 125 | 5.50 | 490 | 5,00} 0.55 | 135 | 0.50 2.00 | 4.40 |... 57 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 1,00 | 5.10} 500) 4.90 | 065 | 1.00} 0.50 | 1.90 | 4.05 | 0.75 58 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 1,25 | 5.45 | 600} 4.95 | 0.50 | 1.15 | 0.40 1.95 | 4.00 | 0.05 59 | 5 |Onésime Demers.......... --+-+++ 6 |Math. Ferland....... ...-.00. ceo 7|Hugh G. Young, ...-.00. -...-+ 8 |Edonard Blais. .......0+ sees ceeees 9 |Thos-B. McCrea. ....seee-eeeeenes 10 |Uldeéric Legris. .......+..s10+se00+| 11 |Henry Vertefeuille,............. 12 |Jos Laporte.........01 + sseseeseeee 13 |Honoré Lemire ....0.06. csersecees 14 | Thos McDonell....sses ses cevereeee COMPETITION OF DETAILS OF X, IMPROVEMENTS TO SOIL, ditches, Utilizing of stones, order, Removing stone, Water courses, Levelling, Straightening, ‘0 Keeping in good . n || & Same 32 oe eee ee = oD me) se) 2!) 8) oe] BS 2) a) Se ae ae chia F 2) 8] 6& & |o2 |S 0c 5 Pts. Pts, Pts. Pts,.|Pts.| Pts la) o BD ie) oo n Math. Oct. Ferland.............. Théophile Trudel... ......00+...00 Pierre Lavallée .......... -.se+e0 AS BEVB OWT vesecsessinnaans)->-ee0 teens (GHSWRIVes tractssecesclesteapscaseces 4 5 |Delphis Turenne ........ Eoeenees 6 7\Edward Graham...........- sees eal 0 .20)....+.{0 10/010] 0.05 2 .50|..4.-.|0 10] «...|0.10] .. 1) <5| cos Lecve eee eee BO | scecac|' 4 j : 4 GRAIN. ; eel 2 ry 3 8 by ; ‘ 2 ee = ao , 9 z=! fee S s ; ue = ag o 3 Co) = oo. a f } no 2 o See ce tes| = | s |e eS bis a| © In = 5 |e }gs = ar lies Si/ala} 8 res gel) eat) ca o Pere as) S| Ss (eal Behe sik | Be) slog na a) a) a OP eae eae eu eoge|) as | = |& |a}]m , Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts. }| Pts. a4 Pts. | Pts. |Pts./Pts./ Pts | Pts. | Pts. Pts.|Pta,| Pts. | ee cet eR 3S NR PR lS Je a PH nm Ul ed ee VL | } | 1.00 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11.70 | 12.50 |0.70) ....... 0 .15/3 25/0 .80].......-- OBO iesctoulincevs [Seeecetet 22 . | 1.00 | 0.20} 0.90} 0.95 | 8.80! 13,50 |....0.] ..esceeee| see. A Briss [eee | Perey Li ined BSS 0.75 | 23 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 11.40 | 10.05 }.ee--| see ..|2, 80/3 80/0 80} 2,25 | 0.50 {0 .10]...... 2.15 | 24 0.25 } 0.15 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 8.95 | 10,50 |0.70)......... 1. 45/5 .50|0 .30]......... OsDOS esess [texeen|ctscumer 25 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 11.80} 12.10 \0.75). ....... 0 30/8 45/0. 65].....-.-. 0.50 |...... 0.20) 0.45 | 26 1.00 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 12.30 | 18,00 |1-10)ssssseas lassen 6 90/190] 1.90 | 0.50 |...... 0.05] ..,..008 27 | | | | | 1.00 | 0,80 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 10.20 | 11.26 |1.80)......... 0:.15/7 .05/0 .60]......... 0.50 |....../0.15] 0.65 | 28 0.75 | 0.60| 075} 1.00) 9.65 | 12.00 /0.80)......... y 80{% 50/0 .10] .... ... (0) | es Peer 0.15 | 29 ve 1,00 | 005} 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.55 | 12.60 | ..+-.|....00 10 45/3 490 1) Peete OLBO?| seer .a les ea| neee 30 1.00 | 0.10 | 1,00 | 1.00 | 10.95 | 10.50 0.55 ws) 0, O19" O5 Feaeayt | covsinecs | sescacett ie dese [ertey 0.85 | 31 0.90 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 8.85 | 1285 (0. 45)...... 0.2516 :20/O%80R bon cciae’|.ov-ce000| 2,0 0.50 | 32 0.50 | 015 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 9.65 | 12.00 |. Wake 2 .55)5 al BO] ft gacces||" 0.60) Ioccce|teaves 0.55 | 33 1.00 | 0.05 | 5.00 | 0.75 | 11.80 | 10.55 |.-+se:| sessssnee 10 .85/5 .20/0 .90]........ | 0.50 0.20) 0.70 | 34 | | | | 1.00 | 005 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.65) 10.50 |... | fake: 0 50/6 .30). CBO cafes 0.50 | 35 0.75 | 0.05 | 1.00} 1.00 | 18.55 | 11.75 [0 .90}......0+. 0 40|4 10) cesses 1.00 | 0,60 |...... wees] 0.65 | 36 | | | 1.00 | 0.45 | 1.00| 1.00) 9.20) 8.00 | dav, [tehceon tte LOLGIO LO}. reussci |heccseea bes see 0 05! 1.15 | 37 | } | } | 0.75 | 0.10 | 100] 100)! 8.75} 13.00 |1.60)........ cneien| 7 GO] siesce |! ech sgnn O50 Wives: [is esac 0.50 | 38 | div. | | | | 0.15 | 0.10} 0.75 | 1.00} 9.00} 9.00 |0.95)........ 0.407 29)1 65) 085 | 0.50 es -20} 0.25 | 39 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.75! 13.00 |0.55)........ | sas |1060] cc0ees 1.65 | 050 |... *| vanes 40 1.00 | 0.50} 1.00! 1.00 | 1030 | 11.00 |0.85)...... 10.20}2 40) sce] 0.80 | cccceeee Ry eal PA 4l } | | | blé av! | | | L00 170.10 | 0.70 | 090 | 8.76 | 9.60 |.cscor|cvescrcee 1 60/6 .30}...... 0.70 | 0.60 |.ccs. i ahane 1.90 | 42 1.00 | 040 | 075! 0.95 | 975} 1050 |1.08),....... 0 .85,5 .15)0 79 | sesso lessee] 10} irae | ' | H } COMPETITION OF DETAILS OF X. IMPROVEMENTS TO SOIL, uy { Bil a b=! l NAMES OF 2\2 a we |S a3 | 8 No THE a ee c= E Fi 3 as sites tine & ; io COMPETITORS. ie oo 2 2 ay 3 toe a aa g I z 28 = Ss go |e Oigkt) g |. i to | os o|/8 | 58/3 | @lecl a] 8] eo] ay se E/Sia3/2) S |oblcs | &)/ oa] 3)q) 8s o|s so Oe one les = FE] =| 43 om ae |pLE AlaM|al/nl]4)/o}4 |o Pts.|Pts.| Pts, |Pts.|Pts.|Pts.| Pts.) Pts.|Pts.|Pts.|Pts.| Pts. 44| 5 |Edouard Picotte ................2+.|1. 00} ..... 1.40 |0.50)..... ORG) Fes cts hence | eeapee 2c Seihl eaidaeel | as ant ss AON 6) TOs) Main ville vc. csi; -ccAneicarsoni| ccten eee | 2.00 |1.00)1 .00)1 .00).....: QPL0 | een ea S-69\{o-c09 «| 0.05 AGG ESirGsHOttlrcvesccter-cassnttenerscens 1.2.}1 00] 2.00 |1 .00/0 50/1 .00]......)1 00)... ..|...... OOD i feecetsee 47) 7|Henry T. McDonell .............. 0.75/0.75} 0.50 |0.50)...... 0 .50).... |0 .05)...... Oya10 | Fiseen|ceuneert 48| 8|Bug. Fréchette................0 2.30)1 30) 2.00 |0 .50/0 .20/0 .80)...... ORbO}icene O05 | cress] @aakeenct 49 |, 8|James Berrigan. .........-.. --.--|1 00) ..... 1.50 |0.50)...... 0)50|cvese j|keeees 0 .25)....0. 0.10 toe = 50] 9/Urgel Perrault ..........ss00 0. 1 50/0 50} 2.00 |,.....|..... TOO Ne ras O/.'75)| keeesel| eamee el ereemet 0.15 o A510) lie Benaite ai ct ecatee eco Roa eee 2.00 |1,00)ssc0-/L.00) 2... ae sho) aaa ee oO = DAA TUE SIS tO UIs cecisesen set ncsist see rcen|esumell neces 2.25 |0'.50)...... 2 .00)...... WAN paces tose: a 0.10 é 63 | 12 |Frs Rondeau .............. «+05», |2.00/0 .75| 1.00 |0 .50/0 .50)1 .00)...... 0:50 )0 220) crc ceni|cetee 0,25 54|13|/Rémi Dauphin..... . . ...61.se06./2 50|1 00} 2.00 |0 .60)0. 10/0 .75)......| 2.000] sane (0) 25) ceemant|frreneeeass 55 \14|Alphens Armstrong............../1 .75/0 50) 1.25 |0.20/0.200.50)...... LOO} eceu | tecant content| Menaeeese 56|15|Dme Vve N. Thibault .........../1.50/0.50) 1.00 0.50) ..... 0.50) .c.00%)|saceve)lesvaee!| toephel enael MnERES . 57 | 16 |James Coghlan...... ..ceceeseeeee- /0 .75/0. 25) 1.00 |0 .25)0 .25/1 .00)...... 0 .40)....-. 0 20) .cscer| senns eon | 58/17 |Siméon Boisvert........ ..++--+-|1. 00/0 .75) 1.25 |0 50/0 .20)0. 70 100 |fiedens|/exanet ¢ Ss 59|18|Calixte Lescadres ....-.. .....0+: 0 50/0 .25) 2.00 |0.20)...... 2X00) %xeansil ioi'pens cuoteell nesepni Runs wetaaveale 229 AGRICULTURAL MERIT 1903. POINTS AWARDED | 15 points. . Xl. XII. State of cultivation, 30 points. } 5 GRAIN. = g 2 Baha. | 3 | | a be 2 ee Ty) eS es pees: | |\ co | fale 2 2 =] 3 Sin aet : = = o Spee lad | os | es lies : g 2 4 = Mass | se | s | s Res Seder etal oer ehh aay |e & Bales ss | 3 a = o |e |e | a * ro | oss | core ie pea |e |o | o (Ft Sas) 2) a) Slee ie Pts. | Pts | Pts. | Pts | Pts. | Pt |Pta.| Pts. |Pts.|Pts. Pts.| Pts. | Pts. |Pts.|Pts.| Pts. 100 | 050] 1.00 | 100 | 6.90] io 25 |1.58).. 6 .05]2 .90| .....-| 0,50 |0.02/0.35] 1.10] 44 0.90 «| 0.90 | 1.00 | 7.95 | 11.00 |2 .60]......... 1.15]8 .70|0 65] 1.30 | 0.50 | .....].ecec-]. score 45 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 10.85 | 9.00 | rece) ceeseses | ensee 6 .00}1160} 010 | 0.50 0.20 | 46 | 1.00 | 0.50} 100| 1.00 | 6.65| 11.00 |3.7p| ...-.- 1.30/6 .10]0 .90)........ 0.50 (0 ..50)...... 0.70 | 47 1,00 |) 0,10)} 1.00 ( 0.75 | 10.50 | 10.50. .... |---c.00+| -envee 5 .50}1 .05] «1.0... 0.50) {acces |caeoee 1.00 | 48 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00} 090 7.75 12.00 |2 60) 0.85 |1.35|3. 15] .... | 0.90 | 0.50 |...... 0 .05])..-.sse0. 49 100 | 0.30 { 100] 050 | 8.70 | 10.50 |1.85)........ 0 .10)5 .60!1 .00) ........ 0 eectel eee) piconets 50 090 | 0.40} 100] 1.00 7.30 10.00 0.80) ....... »-|8 40) .20]....s000 0.25 |..... OjsTO|bs oe veety 51 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 8.00 | 10.25 0.75} ....ssse| e+e+-|' .6010 .60] --.+-« 025 | .....{0.10} 0.95 | 52 remb.} 0.25 | MiGONWeyevassa| 100°} 1,00 | 9.75!) 9.00] .cseo] -cdescoys| ccovse 1050/0 .60) ......+: | 0 50 | .sssee|oosses 2.35) 53 | | | 1.00 | 035} i.00| 050 | 9.86 | 10.00 |0 .60}. 0 .55/4.20/0. 40} 2.70 | 0.50 |0.100.15) 0.90 | 54 TRO DA eae css 1.00 | 0.75 | 8.15 | 10.00 0.95] ....... (0 .10]7 .40/0 .65]........06] -++eseee Ry Meir: 55 | | } 1,00 | 1,50 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 8.25} 9.00 |.esso| esses 1 ,45|6 .80|ssssse] covsnee 0.50 | .s+0»{0, 05 56 1.00 | 0.40} 100 | 100 | 7.50} 10.50 \0.75} ....++ 0 .20|4 .75/1.40) 0.45 | 0.60 |....../0.15] 0.75 | 67 100] 005 | 100] 0.75 | 82 | 9.00) ...| ..0 0 .30|5 .40}...... | 0.50 bss Pastis 0.30 | 58 100)} 0106 | 1.00 | 0,95 | 7.95] 8.00 | ..c0. | coree co} seoves 4G. |reneee] sovsceose| cseeesoes loses [easees 1.20 | 59 | COMPETITION OF DETAILS OF XI. State of cultivation, 30 points. Hoed crops. NAMES 5 No oF : 1| eae COMPETITORS. Pi S E we | 60 | oF Aa) a a o S 3 8 Sa Perea ears S a | 2B = 8 eo | Selena] ce Si = 2 3 a | 22%) se] Se a 5 z a 2 ro) Se ze ge = & mn o i ao =} — = Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts, | Pts. | Pts. | Pts Pte isece 2 - 1| 1|Math. Oct. Ferland....-sccescsse+|scsssses [oo oe oe pee | 2.15 | 4.40 |... 0.20 fee BY 2iie 2h Dnéop; Wert delle.sacac-k eyasieceeoii|lesea-aseal wesneaes OF200 oo nea 0.15 |..... ance | O00 Reese ase = . Fel 3), 3 || Pierre Ua vallee es -ccc neces osechol | cesxnzee\|fecessee] kcssaneed| PPestees] eoaessece 0.15) }} | 0.0502 eveces) eaenee “ =] MS) 4) 4/\Chs Bonin ......... descsbsrapicee eealiedoavssn | Kemaurgeall ae aneastal aeeae saan 05153) 0:46 }\.22.<..0| OlODn i eeresene ° pul SD |) (6) Delp. “V urenness.s,2-) fos) A o Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts. | Pts, | Pts. 1370 | 0.70 | ... .... BORON Masoctere| aceans 0.50 | -.esace 0.50 | 30.30 | 95 45 1 11.95 | 7.05 | 0.30 |28.05] 1. |......... 0.25 | 075} 020! 2.20] 30.25 | 94.55 ‘ 2 17,00 | 5.10 | 0.10 | 28.00) 005 | 0.05 | 1.00 |... 0.40 | 1.50] 29.50 |94.00) 2* 3 19.20 | 9.60 | 0.40 | 27.05) 0.10 |........ 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.50) 2.10} 29.15 | 91.70 ae 4 7.50 | 6.35 |.........| 22.80] 0.15 | 005 | (ey eee 0.50 | 095 | 23.75 | 90.60 c 52 5 14.50 | 4,00 | 0.50 | 27.65] ....... | 2. WOs2B: |eeaeceoes 0.10 | 035 28.00 | 89.40 6 Ait-20) [16-35 |y-.2-403, 29:20 | 0.20 |.....00-- ONOB: |iccstuera | essed 0.15 | 29.35 | 89,05 7 11.95} 0.05] ....... 28.50 | 0.25 |..sesseee 0.05 | .sesseee lea ev 0.30 | 28.80 | 88.80 8 655] 7.30] ....... 28.56 | ....0... Ov15i |e eats 0.25 | 0.40 | 2895 | 88 75 9 16.50} 5.00) 0.50 | 28.05} 0.20 ..... 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 165 | 29.60 | 88.20 10 9.80! 6 75| 0.25 | 26 60 O:16s leassice | 0.10 | 0.25 | 26.85 | 87.50 11 7.55 | 10.00 |....... 29.40| 1,10 0:10 | s1abileeie 45 | 31.85 | 87.40 i 12 13.30 | 9.00 Joeesstes| 27.85 | esses] cone O15 hace 0.10 | 0.25 | 28.10 | 87.30 E ft 13 4,60] 6.t0| ....... 28.85 | 0.25 |... 0.20 | 0.20 |...ssse 0.65 | 29.50 | 87.00 ? ei 4 9.75 | 3.40 |....... 28.85 | 015 | sss Ot earer 0.40 | 0.90 | 29.45 | 86,90 ® s 15 18,05 | 6,05 |........ 28.70 | 010 0.25 | 0.35| 29.05 |s675} 38 | 16 10.20} 6.10| 0.85 | 27.30. ses. 0.10 | 0.25 | 025 | 0.60| 27.90 |8620} =~ a 17 960) 1000] 0.75 | 29.05) 0.10 | .... 0:05) discon 0.25 | 0.40 | 2945 | 86.05 18 7.10) 7.45} 1.05 | 27.50| 0,10 | reese 0.75 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 1.26 | 28.75 | 86.00 19 18.60) j 32) 025 | 29.15 | ....... Wheethase 0.60 | 0.50 | 1.10 | 30.25 | 85.88 20 MMI To) 20.00 | osene| ener [cesses [crteets oon gs Pitenat 29.00 | 85,80 a1 13.95 | 4 35 PE AG. AB | ccccvavec}onebtonse 1.26 | 0.10 |} 0.40 | 1.76 | 26.60 | 85.75 22 oe 7 COMPETITION OF DETAILS OF XII.-State of cultivation, 30 points. ~ Hoed crops. NAMES = : Ne. OF ie os aD = a a COMPETITORS. i & ; , Stef Seen ees 6/2) 21.2 |-8 | 8 Seige = 5 z z es = | 28) se] se 2] 5 | (8 | 3.) 3 | 3 Sues = a D 1) Be Ee) (ez = =| Pts. | Pte. | Pts: | Pts: |: Pts, |-Pts) |) Btsen) eb teassss j et fev. 23 | 14 |Hercule Milot ....... doy brieesotel| sombeeaeal iene i abel| steasose | Remeeasee eases O..10))| eeecess eee] 0105 24 | 17|Damien Lachapelle........-..:0.) sseeeee (OM leaseckoes 0205 | 1215!) 0/505) eae 0.20 | 0.75 : | Divers 25) 18 |Edmond Aubin... ce ceee\ | eneseees | ccccene:|iepeeenseel| seseares |llencetenn 0-15: |}, O00G) | oaeccwnenh tewaeden | | | Divers 26 | 19 \Chryst Jennings ....... sprerees| GPLO SI Brecenacs ONLS si OlObu | Peosess 0.70-| 0:15 | O10 |--s. acne | | Divers PTAAOM Math cICCON ss. .ccnecneaxecestocenees| ceresesaa) (feseecana]| (Sune sesaall Cekesenncilncesenes 0.80 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.03 98 | — |John Donnell y.........2s0cesse--] O05: |) oseees OO ate aeenes TRE: |lesocssoce 0.10 | 0.10 . } | Sil] OF) HT UR Ut haem eer, ceescsereres ee caer |e Sree lsceeresea Nosestess WEW || axe sexe eaenetene 3 |Divers = | 30 | — |Isidore Poitras............ -..-.-. | iccrene6 |acécre coe) |pssoncn 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.10 }......... - | | | | S 31 | 22 (US) BaCOD ct... .cceavercencsenclecnsn=-| aacsese== see Seccs | baer gas Jicseacne || Asap asp 0.30). --.s20d| erentecnelinee eae uw 3 1130))—.| TOL aM On tap ne ccesendsany eeceees |) OL 1 Ob fcecstecn (yee ceesiy Weeeceeeal| eee (0/30 eeseee O10) | eeneer aa) 83/23) | Azario Mireanlt:.-c. |S ona Ronis €/ 5] 2) )s |) 3 | 3 18°) seem s a i One pe A | 5 pS Pts Pts | Pds | Pds | Pts Pts | Pts | Pts pts 44 | — |Edouard Picotte ........ ccececee|-eeeeenee| cocerees 0.20 0.01 | 020} 0.10 | 002 | ....... 0 Ab! || 6)! Jos: Mainville \.cc ccc ...s. oreo 0.10 |. U5) 0) IE Geccecs | cconcecs CEST Peer eer f cocecods\lhcoteco: a | | 46| 7|Désiré Hétu 0... cesses sees Iovobt| rears [tere eee 0.10!) 0815 ilies. oa eeeeeeel eee ; et nav 47| — |Hervey T. McDoweli............ p ceonen | eeesaanes OS Obi hesreeessiecenes 0.50 | 0.16 | .... . cxcocn ARM esi) Up MC LOCHELE cai-cs-tacs cavecetenl|sacorence)| reesseneell eeeeeeeorl| is ateeeen O10} 0.45 | 0:25 }teceseees pace owce 49 | — |James Berrigan.......... ......+- ORTON He serense O60 ceesense 5|) Gauss 0.40 | 005 |......... 100 3 ]50| 9 |Urgel Perrault... ccssessssse|csseecsse| coseeee: OSU) lice OLIN), GEA | oe O50 eee v et div BWr| UCM Eshic Beroltz 2-ctu!-nll.craatcbenaae-cea|nasaseea| hoadiatan ee ttseal [pe haere 0.60 0.50 | ....... ; 5 [62 [11 [Ls. St. Louis... eeeeseeeee| 0.25 |---| 0.05 | 0.05 | .... 075 | 0.25 | 070 ]|....... fa nD é BS) pay Hers Ron dG ame p.-c-cnpsnccostestel|aueseterslifseser-aelllnceeeeamlimeee stems 0 25 O:25/| eee Bis) Réemiv Dauphintesescsee care) cesersil jacestsen| | esacesse OW25 lene. 005 | 035 | 0.10 | 0.40} 0.25 BBA Alpheus ¢Armatrongsycr.cecexcsn|tesoserecl| mesbllowei| easeeesl breneeotel feats 0.25 0.05 | 0.45 56 | 15 |Dame Veuve N. Thifault....... OTA SOFS08 (Fe cccecesi[tscetses (0'35:.|| .O!80, 1]):.sececulespenaee cevaunve t div 57 | 16 |James Coghlan........c6: e-seee.-| 0.05 | «2000 ONTO Wane seren| teeane eee 0.25 | 005] 0.15 | 0.15 BST | Siméon” BoiVertscrescstseosceacss || oceesse)| coeneecen| Snarewesel| Mteeeepentl Meeeeres 0:30/ |e Q.059]'Neewenen 69) 18 |Oalixte Lescadresi.: «sccsvsvat) seoss-oae| sessuveovll dreevacsciotaceeseedl expends 0:35" execaeml ciecennee censee ‘a \ 235 AGRICULTURAL MERIT 1903. POINTS AWARDED | Ry ga Fodders. Miscelleanous Sars i ud ° A ar Ze = Degree y | oe : | sal 3 Gi S of No. mie | 3 2 2 a | ag ad = merit. alee os.) = ° ; | 2 os | falas 3 yee ee |22/ 5 | 2 | #2 |58/>¢ | & ~ =] ae | tS Ss vat y : vv PS RG Sep oe zz oS o vv ae) a oI vc D 8.8 a See & Paice ioe | £ ) 8 | s.] 8 fom }s | os2) § = Camo ire | 6 D a) i fa) a He? | Pts | Pts Pts | Pts Pts. | Pts | Pts | Pts Pts Pts Pts | Pts 7 y p. MBB Os LOllencresse | 27.00)} 2.00 |.... 0. 0.05 0.95 | 0.10) 3.10) 30.10 | 81.80 44 Re Spi DVB) 2.0.5.. DSI OGLE | s.c0cc.-. 0.10; 070 | 0.50] 1.45} 30.35 | 81.75 45 11.35 | 5.65 |......... BIO | seessios, | :as-te: C:35 | reas | 0.40| 0.65| 2635 | 81.45 46 POO Met ilizgerseses| 20-00 | 0.20 |..00 va. OSLO i eccsevessllnesreros .35| 29.05 | 81.45 47 10.40] 6.75} 0.75 | 26.75 | 010)......... O}2B\ sencateen 040} 0.75) 27.50 | 81 20 48 4,70 | 6.85 | ..,..... DML Oarcaddes\\adduvdece|\tcss coup lascecouee | 0,25 | 0.25) 26.35 | 81.20 | 49 pu ] 5.60 | 10.00} 035) 26.09| 0.25 |......... 0.25; 0.75} 0.15} 1.40} 27.40 | 8065 3 se 50 b= I do) TBD 8:30 |.enccnees RTD PP OTLO|||\sscreace O70! | ian cneea Pavengaene 0.80 | 2895 | 79.70 FS S 61 TN 0 a Oh a 27.35 dane | stddvesas ONG IS ceeewa 0.25} 0.40) 27.75 | 79.50 8 z 52 & 3 BO OGD) | ssrsese0. 26.45 | 0.30 | ..-cs00. 1) OL 20! rovtaaate 020] 0.70) 27.15 | 79.35 a a 53 Aa 11.50) 2.85) 0,35} 26.20; 0.10|........ 10320: Weesened 0.15 | 0.45} 26.65 | 78.70 | 54 | | Be TAO) [leas pense AON Os 1G: |'ciensecee €.10 | seteesees | 0.15 | 100! 26,70 | 77.90} 55 4.80) 8.50 | 0.20 | 23.90 |......005| seoreeer 0.50) |) vgacecns 1.00| 1.60} 25.40 | 77.55 56 4.65 | 8.95 }....... 20.20 | 0.10] ...... 0.15) |Nccsasee] sscncbiee 0.25 | 26.45 | 77.45 57 2 ID | O20 | (0.06 | 25.90 | ...00 cee] sercceeee 0.40) ) ccassens 025) 0.65 26.55 77.35 | 58 } AGA) TeGO0 | soece oss ie tO | O,;10) | ccceveces | 0,10 | osseeeee | sestesens } 0.20} 27.90 | 77 20) 59 | | | ARSENE DENIS, (Signed) THOMAS DRYSDALE, JOSEPH DELAND. ILJ.A. MARSAN, Secretary. Judges. INSPECTION OF BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES ) the Honorasie A. TuRGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec, Sir, I submit a few observations in my third annual report, as inspector of butter and cheese factories for your department. From the roth. May to the 18th. November 1903, I visited 89 batter fac- tories,, 8 combined butter and cheese factories and 2 cheese factories. In my last report, I related all the efforts made to improve and perfect the storage. I am glad to say that good progress has been made under this head. In a general way, this year, the manufacturers have sought to play their important role with honor. All of them seem to understand and appreciatie the many advantages of the inspection ajid are hastening to remove defects, as well as to make the desired improvements. They desire to educate themselves. Several, in fact, have begged me, even pressed by letter, to make a second visit in the interest of the progress of the dairy industry. Thoroughout my entire inspection district, I have remarked progress and improvement. There remains, however, much to be done to produce butter that will pos- sess all the possible qualities. As already observed, the small factories and excessive competition are the plague of the province. In these butter factories, the makers hired at cheap rates are often incom- petent and receive badly prepared milk ; the plant is defective and the butter generally of inferior quality. | have frequently made it a subject of remark that certain buyers do harm to our dairy industry, by giving the same prices for products of very different qualities. 237 During last year, our buyers, as a general rule, paid for butter according to its value, which is an important step in the right direction. In fact, those who turn out inferior products are going to take steps to increase the quality of their output in order to get a good price for it. In the course of my inspections, I always insist upon the necessity of clean- Jiness in the factories ; I also urge the manufacturers to be very strict in regard to the milk supplied to the factory. From this standpoint, improvement is slow. Too often, the patron does not possess sufficient knowledge to properly prepare his milk. You will allow me, Sir, to make a few suggestions. In my visits, I am always happy to meet patrons anxious to learn and to increase the value of their products. If we want to secure the best market in England, we must educate our farmers especially in what relates to the devel- opment.of this industry. The inspector devoted to the progress of our creameries should meet all the patrons during his visits. How many advantages may be derived from meetings between the in- spector, maker, proprietors and patrons 2 Such meetings would certainly do good. In the presence of the maker and the proprietors, the inspector would note everything defective and suggest all the necessary improvements. To the patrons the inspector would give useful advice so that they might bring well prepared, well kept milk to the factory ; to the maker to accept only good milk, as he is resp nsible for the bad milk supplied to the factory. Let the patrons all do their duty. They can force the pre yprietors to make all the requisite improvements. In many cases, the maker, for different reasons, seems obliged to be chary with his patrons. He does not dare, perhaps, to give them the advice neces- sary to secure better results for his factory. I propose, in future, to write to the patrons who, owing to lack of know- ledge, do not supply the factory with first quality milk. In this way, I am pret- ty nearly certain to improve the quality of our pr¢ vduets. Under certain circumstances, the authorities of the Department of Agri- culture have asked me to act as arbitrator to settle disputes in different cheese and butter factories. 238 I appreciate at its great value the confidence reposed in me. I succeeded in restoring the good understanding necessary to the progress of the dairy in- dustry. In speaking of the necessity of a meeting of the patrons, the manufactur- er and the inspector on the occasion of his visits, | am far from thinking that these meetings will detract from the merit of the agricultural lectures. On the contrary, these are absolutely necessary and are moreover highly — appreciated by the farmers. \Ve therefore urge the patrons of our creameries to follow with care aynid| interest the recommendations of our agricultural lecturers. We are proud of their devotedness, as we are also proud of the interest taken in the farming class by the Minister of Agriculture. : The whole respectfully submitted By your very humble servant, J.-A. TALBOT, Tiispector. L/Islet, December, 1903. Tc the HonoraniE A. TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec, Sir, I have the honor to submit my fourth annual report as inspector of cheese and butter factories for the counties of Beauce and Dorchester. I began my inspections on the 18th. May last and concluded them on the 17th. November. In all, | made 194 visits to 155 factories. As the prices obtained for cheese were found by the generality of farmers more paying than those obtained for butter, there were only 16 factories in my district that made butter this summer. The manufacture was as a rule difficult this year. The exceptionally dry summer which we had resulted in the milk being very often brought to the jactories in abnormal conditions which sometimes prevented the best processes of manufacture from extracting from it a product of good quality. a oe : his bad condition of the milk is explained by. the fact that everywhere, 7 Bie or less, there are herds of cattle which during the whole summer suffered thirst. Moreover, when the water is so scarce, economy is everywhere _ : ‘actised, and in such cases, it was the cans and milk vessels which suffered — ost for want of washing. aly ound several factories where they were obliged to cart all the water hey needed. Unfortunately they did not cart enough and in most of them a : was great lack of cleanliness. In spite, however, of these unusual causes, which I have just mentioned, ys yhich impeded the making of butter and cheese, I am in general satisfied — the year’s inspections. I found improvement nearly all over. e patrons of the factories give more care to their milk and there is to- A very fair number of farmers who wash their cans well and air their milk. eis still a great deal to be desired- in this respect, but I have reason to hope progress will increase rapidly from year to year to the future. a my inspections, I always lay special stress upon this point in order to e this defect as soon as possible, as it is still the greatest in the dairy in- ry of the Province of Quebec. ‘h re are still too many badly kept, dirty and untidy factories. Pro- s is really too slow under this head. There is little ambition, little pride ‘the co ection. As far as many manufacturers are concerned, all they care it is to put on the market an acceptable product, free from cheating. That _ J I note, however, improvement in the maner in which the whey vats are ke 1 t. There are few factories to-day in which these vats are not cleaned from Was me to time. It would be better if they were washed daily or every second tay jbo the present state of things is a considerable improvement on a few ears ago when they were only washed once in the season. 1% One of the chief manufacturing defects which I noticed in my visits is eese full of holes. There are many lots of cheese which would be first qual- — ity only for this more or less marked defect, which is very easily prevented by the manufacturer who possesses any experience and who wants to take the mi ble. It is almost always due to negligence and to hurry to get through * wi th the day’s work. 4 bt 240 Besides the cheese with a bad aroma, which is still too common and which is cautsed by bad care of the milk, want of cleanliness in the factories, the whey yats, etc., there is the moist, pasty cheese which I have met with very often. A great many manufacturers strive to make the greatest possible quantity af cheese out of the milk in order to get a reputation for greater ability than the surrounding factories and to take away patronage from them, if possible. This defect does great damage to our reputation on the English market. Cheese made too moist, too soft, does not keep ; it is generally spoiled when it reaches the retailer. li there were not so many small factories and they were not so near to each other, this defect would exist much less. But, the spirit of opposition, coupled with the ambition to destroy each other results in the employment of every imaginable means to that end, in which the less skillful and the less hon- est, | dare say, sometimes succeed. Another defect, which keeps step with the latter and which occurs pretty commonly in my district, is the false weighing of milk, that is to say, the de- duction on each weighing from each patron of a certain number of pounds in order to appear, as in case of the moist cheese, as making large returns. This is a miserable failing, which must be remedied as soon as possible. One of tiie most effective remedies, which has already been employed satisfactorily in some places, would be a law or a regulation which would require every manu- facturer to be sworn at the beginning of the season. There would still, per- haps, be some who, in spite of all this, would fail in their promise, but the great majority would respect their oath. This evil practice of false weighing is a robbery to the detriment of the smaller furnishers of milk, for which the manu- facturer and others encouraging or ordering it are responsible. Iam happy to say that the outer appearance of the cheese is much imprey- «ng. Everywhere now an effort is being made to turn out large cheeses of equal weight and cleaner appearance. In the small factories, where little milk is received, I always advise the making of small cheese of equal weight and if any remains over, to press and make out of it 1/3 or % cheese and then finish it with what remains over next ‘day. With a little precaution, a soldering or joining is effected which does not show at all and which does away with the incovenience of having cheese of all ‘sizes, a defect that injures both the appearance and the sale. / 241 t enough, which causes the proprietors to hesitate about incurring this ex- ase. I have this year advised the factory proprietors to construct at a suit- a pce of the factories. If they could come to an understanding on this head, onvenience of the kind would be more economical and serve every one’s pur= Se. ' ~The few cHeetugies I ted to rue were in general well A I foun? a f ‘ripening of the cream, to which sufficient attention is not piid to see that it | aitains »the proper degree at the churning with a view to the yield an! its qu tli- | ty. The temperature which plays the greatest part in these two operations, is hig ften the point neglected and it is especially at the churning that it is found de- ective. In warm weather, the churning is done at too high a temperature, a fect which invariably injures both the yield and the quality. _ Most of the creameries are now equipped with a refrigerating room to keep the butter at a low temperature, but I notice that only rarely is the requi- ‘site temperature therein maintained. I have frequently found it as high as 50° and over, wher it should be always kept below 38°. Butter kept in so high a temperature cannot long retain its freshness and good aroma. This neg- [ fleet on the part of certain makers is a great defect, which contributes muc a eto © the depreciation of the reputation of our butter abroad. I might mention another grave defect which exists in the butter as in the ‘cheese factories. I refer to the skim milk vat. I have often heard intelligent farmers Say that the whey of the creamery, skim milk, is hardly worth more’ jor calves and shoats than that from the cheese factory. They have tried both, y state, and they are worth almost nothing, | think, (oo, that in many cases are right. Take for example two creameries ; one is very well kept in all respecis, he skim milk vat is thoroughly cleaned every day, as well as everything else 16 coming in contact with the milk, ete., ete. The other, on the other hand, is badly kept ; the whole interior and exterior are nothing but infection and un- cleanliness ; everything that touches the milk, pumps, pipes, spouts, skim milk vat, etc., is only half cleaned from time to time ; everything is filled with uecay and bad germs. Should there not be a marked difference between the skim-milk derived from these two factories, that difference being largely i faver of the former ? This is one of the reasons which has induced a good many farmers to pro- vide themselves with small machines to extract the cream from the milk and take it to the factory. From this standpoint, thev are right, because there is a great difference between the skim-milk obtained at home quite fresh, morn- ing and evening, and given to the young animals and that coming from the tactory sour and in bad condition. I have tried the thing myself. Here agaia is a defect in our dairy industry occasioned by uncleanly and negligent maru- facturers to be eradicated as soon as possible. But in spite of all these more prominent blemishes which I have just mentioned, there is marked progress everywhere, and what is encouraging to- day is the willingness generally manifested to learn and improve. Another t13- portant point is the confiderce there is now where formerly were distrust aru pre udice. Respectively submitted, J.-L. PAINCHAUD; Inspector. Ste. Marie, 16 December, 1903. TV. th Honorasié ADELARD TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Province of Quebec. | have the honor to transmit my fifth annual report as inspector of bucer and cheese factories. During the season, I visited 140 factories, of which 78 were cheese and 62 butter factories. Tio several of these factories, | deemed it my duty to make two and even three visits ; my object in this being to ascertain if my instructions had been followed by the manufacturers and to assure myself of the good result of my advice. I did assure myself that, in certain factories, my instructions were followed to the letter and the improvements were marked. To others in which ‘certain makers lacked sufficient knowledge, I was obliged to make a third visit to put them on the right path and then I obtained satisfaction. I had to confine myself to a small number of these tests on account of the limited time at my command. Still these tests have convinced me that if we found everywhere intelligent and willing manufacturers, we would obtain hetter results and make a great stride in the path of progress. In the cheese and butter factories we often see cheese or butter of fairly fine appearance, which tastes well so long as it is fresh, which may even pass as good in a competition, but which does not possess keeping qualities. 1 have asked myself the cause of this inferiority of the product. After examination, i think I am not mistaken in saying that at the bottom of all this there is want of cleanliness somewhere. And this is how I come to this conclusion. Some iitelligent makers, following our instructions, although we preach the contary, manage, with milk in bad condition to make a passable article, which at first sight may appear good ; however, as the infectious germ always remains, the article, after a certain time, turns bad. Another reason is that the factories are growing old, that the surroundings are becoming contaminated, and that the interior grows to be impregnated with all these bad ferments. And when warm weather sets in, the microbes develop by millions and the product cannot but (cel the effect. This is also the reason why, in the autumn, when the temperature is low- e: and there is less microbe development, the product is always better ; other wise I cannot see why in summer, when the grass is better and the milk in more favorable condition beczused derived from freshly calved cows and consequent- ly capable of giving an article of better aroma and quality, the butter should nut be at least as good as in the fall. Then there is the question of cold storage. Once the article has been well made according to all the rules of science (for the making of butter and cheese is a science and a difficult one) if it were kept in cold storage we would have a superior product rivalling any similar product of America or Europe, tor to provide cold storage for a poor article is a good point, but, to my mind, the article should first be made good. The want of water has also contributed this year in certain factories to turning out a poor product. I have come across certain places where the manufacturers were obliged to cart water a distance of 4 or 5 miles to supply it. It can easily be conceived therefore that, in such cases, the duties of cleanliness are neglected. To sum up, we may say that every one should be more interested than at present, beginning with the proprietor of the factory, in seeing that things are done in an orderly way, that the interior and surroundings of the factory aie disinfected at least annually ; that, in the case of combined factories, it is absolutely necessary, when making butter after making cheese, that the fac- tory should be disinfected each time that the change is made from cheese to butter, because the ferments of cheese cling to the sides of the walls and par- titions and are communicated to the butter which takes a bad taste. As for the patrons, they should in general be more careful than they are. And the manufacturers should understand that they would render them- selves more popular by their deeds than by their words, by applying them- scives more strictly to doing their duty, without seeking to flatter the patrors by deceiving them or tolerating their neglect and, above all, they should set them the example of cleanliness. In concluding my report, I may state that the Government deserves well of the public for the encouragement which it has given to the dairy industry. If the eye of the master were not kept on the manufacture of cheese and but- ter that industry would unfortunately collapse in a short time. But with perse- verance, I venture to hope that it will succeed in getting our rural population to comprehend the immense wealth which that industry places at their com- mand, when conducted according to scientific rules. The whole humbly submitted, GAB. DESROCHERS. Inspector of butter & cheese factories. St. Nicolas, 3 December, *903. To the HonorasLe ADELARD TURGEON, Mimster of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit for your approval the report of my inspection curing the past year. In the course of the year, | made 173 visits to 155 factories, 76 of cheese, 60 of butter and 19 combined. As the number of factories in my inspection district is considerable, I could not make two or three visits to the same factory, except in the case of absolute necessity and when repeatedly asked to do so. Several visits took up two days’ work, but on the other hand, occasionally, I have inspected se- yeral establishments on the same day. This is very rare, for usually the man- utacturer at first calls for the inspector’s services only to test the milk ; but he is not slow to discover that the advice of the latter may be very useful to him not only as regards the different operations of manufacture, but also as regards the general management of his factory. Everyone now understands the imperative necessity of having an inspect- cr ; this is the way every manufacturer, mindful of his duty, and every intel- ligent farmer anxious to see the dairy industry made a source of real revenue to the country, looks at the question. On being called to test the mill,1 found 58 more or less prouounced cases ot fraud. As usual, I acted to the best of my knowledge and in the interest of justice. The culprits having all confessed their offence, I either imposed a fine upon them or warned them severely in accordance with the gravity of each case. Nearly everywhere, | noticed an obvious defect in the plant ; it is rare to find a factory perfectly equipped. The reason is that, for testing the milk, the owners are obliged to use unverified instruments, relying solely on the guaran- tee of the merchant selling them. I found phials used for testing milk so inac- curate that I could perceive their defects without resorting to any testing in- sirument. I have even purchased two lacto-densimeters with all the guarantees pos- sible and yet I quickly discovered that they did not correspond, there being a difference of one degree of density between them. In my opinion, a law should be passed to forbid any manufacturer from selling milk-testing instruments unless duly tested, such as : scales, weights ard measures. The result would be that there would only be in use instru- ments that would allow the work to be done with all the guarantees possible. To my mind, this would be the only effective remedy that would enable the manufacturer to make an accurate test of the milk, to establish the density and the fatty matter of the article supplied by the patron every week and to keep a detailed test for the visit of the inspector, who, in his turn, might make another test of the milk. This process would easily detect the cheats and put an end to the many cases of fraud which are too often noticed. I am surprised at the attitude taken by the farmers when they have to send their milk to the factory. Every farmer wants the factory at his own door. For this reason he encourages any manufacturer whomsoever, without troubling his head about whether he knows his trade or not, whether he is real- ly qualified and lastly, whether he can manage the business with justice, dis- cernment and economy. The sole basis is the price paid by the neighbouring manufacturer and there is shifting from one factory to the other without thoroughly taking into account the mamner in which the business is carried on. Why should there not be a law to compel the manufacturer to make reg::- lations like the farmers’ clubs or agricultural societies, obliging him to render a daily account of his operations 1f needful and also prescribing that to become vendor or secretary, acceptable security must be supplied in accordance with the amount of money he has in his possession. On this principle, »0 ene could become a manufrcturer without having learned his trade ; there would be no opposition without knowing whence the inoney comes for such opposition and no money could be any longer kept with- ‘ ont the auditors being aware of the fact. In this way, the farmers would get justice and could look intelligently after their own interest ; rivalries and troubles would disappear and we would have peace and harmony as in any well organized society. I have lectured on this subject in some places where there were difficulties and, on several occa- sions, I succeded in preventing fresh opposition from being organized. [ have remarked a fair amount of improvement in the construction of the creameries and cold storage, although, in the case of the latter, the tempera- fare is still somewhat neglected. But on the other hand, special care is given to the shipping of the butter ; a regular shipment is made every eight days. 1 have rarely met with manufacturers in my district who keep their butter fif- teen days in the factory. Advantage is taken of the refugerator cars pro- vided by the Federal Government once a week along the whole line. The dealer insists strongly, and rightly so, on getting the butter perfect- ty fresh, in which I approve him. But what hurts the good name of our but- te= is that when the dealers get it, they often store and keep it for two and even three months in order to make a better speculation upon it. It would be bet- ter to pay less for it and to hasten its transfer to the consumers, in order to continue to enhance the good reputation of the Canadian market instead of weakening it. A matter to which I devote the greatest attention and which nevertheless 1 cannot succeed in improving, is the care of the milk and the cans. Dirty, badly aired milk is brought to the factories in badly washed cans. The manufacturer should be competent enough to know the mills and be able to reject it when it is unfit for manufacture. .\s for the factories them- selves, I have noted a great improvement in the matter of cleanliness and gen- eral order. I have also found a very marked improvement in the quality of the cheese _48 compared with that of last autumn. I have not met this year with acid cheese caused by the use of bad ferment. My advice was certainly followed on this head. I have also observed with pleasure that improvement continues in the construction of factories and curing rooms. — | have visited several again this year, which had merited the premium. Such, Sir, are the few remarks I deem it my duty to submit for your ap- preciation. I hope they may be of some use in advancing the dairy industry, ix, which you are good enough to take so deep an interest. [ have the honor to be, Your most obedient servant, S. CHAGNON, Inspector. St. Paul L’Ermite, 15 December, 1903. Tc the HonorasLe A. TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. a) ee I have the honor to submit to you my seventh annual report as inspector of cheese and butter factories. I began my tour of inspection on the r&th. of May and ended on the 18th. ct November. I made 185 visits in 115 factories. The past season was in favor of cheese which brought a high price, I am serry to say that I came across several factories that shipped their cheese right up to the press in order to get the high prices and save shrinkage. I would suggest that it were better if there was a way to stop factory men from shipping cheese so green, as it injures the market for properly cured clieese. I found that cheese was a much better quality this year especially cheese cure! in the Government’s curing rooms ; it has 2 much finer flavor ; make'rs. dike their curing rooms much better the second season as they understand bet- ter how to run them. Seyeral of the curing rooms had too much moisture which caused cheese to mould ; this can be greatly heiped by giving more light as many of the nakers keep their curing rooms dark. The boxes that were used the past season were very poor, but material was very expensive and the majority of the proprietors of cheese factories used only the cheapest kind which made a loss to the patrons of about 4 ¢-per Ib. of cheese. As to poor butter being made from hand separators, there can be far su- perior butter made from hand separators than from factory separators, but the proprietors are much to blame. I came across instances where farmers skimmed their milk and only ecar- ‘ied the cream twice a week, going past a factory that was near them, for some ‘eason going ‘to one four times the distance ; the consequences were when ar- 249 (=== 55 riving there their cream was thick and sour, it was received without any re- marks, I asked why they took such cream as that. The reply was, that ‘hey would lose them as they are much nearer other factories. I do hope that the time will come when the dairy inspectors will have more power to stop these little defects. There are some other defects which would be useless to mention as they have been brought up before. The whole respectfully submitted, Cc. FE. STANDISH, Inspector. Hatley, December 2oth., 1903. To the Honorasi& ADELARD TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit my fifth annual report as inspector of cheese factories under the control of your department. I began my inspections on the 18th. May, and concluded them on the 18th. November last. I made 148 visits to 88 factories. In the case of some, I repeated my visits three or four times. ‘The manufacturers in these factories again soli- eit, for next year at the commencement of the cheese-making season, the visit 0; the inspector under the control of your department. At the outset of the season, the drought and the scarcity of water in cer- tain parts of the district assigned to me were the cause that the aroma of the cheese was not up to the mark, although the cheese making was good. In a certain number of factories, the quality of the cheese was maintained; the product would have been superior if more attention had been paid to the airing and care of the milk. I regret to repeat that I had to examine several cheeses that were pasty and of bad aroma, It is hard to convice manufactur- ers of the importance of the reception and care of milk and especially the pro- duet of the morning milking. The unreasonable competition between the factories is an obstacle to the improvement of the quality of the cheese. These fectories receive so small a quantity of nulk that they can dispense with an assistant, when the receipts do not warrant the parties interested in making the necessary improvements to turn out a superior article. At the request of the proprietor or the manufacturer, while overseeing the reception of the milk, | have often had to test the mille with the lacto-den- simeter. Unfortunally I met with some fifteen serious cases of fraud in the ccurse of the summer. In some instances, these frauds were attributed to accident ; but, having no babcock, | was unable to make a complete test of the milk. It is important that every factory should be equipped with the necessary, instruments for testing the milk. The use of the babcock is important in a cheese factory, where the manufacturer needs it to keep himself informed. By means of the babeock, he ascertains, in testing the milk in the vat, the average of fatty matter, the quantity of rennet needful for the coagulation of the milk to the requisite degree within a determinate time, the quantity of salt for salt- ing the curd, the length of the threads with the hot iron at the drawing off of the whey. The babcock instrument is very rare in my district and manufac- turers, knowing how to use it, are very few. | distribut? | among the cheese- makers of my district the bulletin of the Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. ** Advice to cheese-makers. " New series, No 9. I have noted, in the case of some manuiacturers, marked jnmprovement in the making and quality of the cheese. [ would draw your attention to a cause of trouble between proprietors and patrons in several factories for some years past. This trouble ceased on ‘the hiring of more competent manufacturers and on levving to the manufactu- rer more liberty to accept or reject improper milk for the manufacture of rheese. é The whole humbly submitted, JON ALLARD St. Agapit, November, 1903. To the Honorasie A. TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. ‘Se I have the honor to submit my report as inspector of butter and cheese factories for the season just expired. My visits of inspection, as I was instructed, were confined to the counties of Ottawa and Pontiac. | made 155 visits to 110 factories, 3 of butter, 6 of butter and cheese and 101 of cheese. To some of these factories, I went two or three times, according to the re- quests made and to the orders of your department. At the demand of your department, [ also inspected 4 curing rooms for which the premium had been paid. The dairy industry has greatly developed within some years in these two counties of Ottawa and Pontiac and the future seems full of promise owing especially to the favorable conditions of the region. The pasturages are ex- jceptionally good and water of superior quality abundant, the result being to impart to the cheese there made an aroma and a value not met with in the pro- auct of many other localities, where the cows have to endure the great summer teats without shade, exposed to the burning sun and have nothing to drink but muddy and oiten tainted water. What a difference there is between this zud the clear, limpid water which fllows from the many springs in these mountains. The factories embraced within the territory assigned to me differ slight- iy from those in other parts of the province. They are located in most cases ir newly opened settlements and are consequently, with a few exceptions, small. Notwithstanding this disadvantage inherent to every new undertaking, these small factories have also in the sale of their output to compete with the great factories of Ontario owing to their geographical position. [t is im- portant therefore for them to neglect nothing that will enable them to ev.idate their powerful neighbors. The defects most commonly remarked by me and which it is urgent to correct in order to attain the desired end, are the following : Absence of uniformity in the weight of our cheeses, bad packing, ship- iuent of the cheese too green and a wrong system of sale. The want of uniformity will tend to disappear more and more owing to the inspections inaugurated by your department and also through the natural increase of the herds, especially when care has been taken to discourage by every possible means, the subdivision of factories, which has been everywhere so prejudicial. The manufacturers should also make it more carefully a point to make cheeses of the same weight and as large as possible, that is to say, of a weight of at least 8o lbs. or over, the Ontario factories very seldom putting any but cheeses of 60 to 70 Ibs. on the market. The packing should also receive particular care. As already remarked, the cheese should never exceed the size of the mould. For cheeses of 80 to &5 Ibs. no boxes should ever be used of less than 12 inches in height and it is injportant that they should be made out of elm wood. Some trials have been made of birch, but these boxes have not the resisting power of those made of elm and they reach the market in a worse state than those made of elm. I also have regretted to notice that the cheese is often shipped too green. Iv is deplorable to say it, but [ iave visited factories., supplied with good cur- éng rooms, in which there was no cheese, yet cheese made only on the day or two days before was being shipped with the other. .What advantage has it been to your department to pay $100 or more to a factory proprietor for the construction of a curing room in which no cheese is kept ? The manufactur- ers in a district should agree that none of them should ever ship cheese less than 12 days old to market. The unreasonable competition is the cause of this state of things. By shipping green, the calculation is to avoid the loss of weight and therefore to realize more than one’s neighbor. | But the neighbor soon perceives what is done and promptly adopts the same expedient. In this way, the reputation ot our cheese is damaged. A cheese boxed up on coming still moist from the press, almost invariably becomes mouldy. Buyers might quickly settle the question by notifying the seller that they would only accept well cured cheese and confirm this settlement by deducting 1% or % cent from the price. The improper system of sales is a question upon which much might be said. 28 In Ontario, the cheese is sold publicly and by auction on markets or “boards” established in the manufacturing centres. It is adjudged to the highest bidder and it is always well understood that it is a first quality article. If it be afterwards ascertained on examination that the quality is faulty in any respect, the price is proportionately reduced. The good manufactur- er and the good proprietor are therefore sure of obtaining a practical and pal- pable recognition of their merit. In the Province of Quebec, the cheese is disposed of for the most part by uie sellers who go for the purpose to Montreal or by direct consignments to the Montreal exporters. . The seller who serves as intermediary for 40 or 50 factories, instead of classsifying his cheese by lots according to the value, frequently accepts an a- verage price and thus, in order not to displease any of his patrons, he pays to all oi them the same price, to those who have manufactured an article of less value as well as to those who have taken the trouble to produce first class merchandize. ‘This explains why, in visiting a district, we find out of 50 fac- tories only 10 which are perfectly kept, 20 which are only middiing and 2c others which leave much to be desired in that respect. Yet all have obtained the same price for their cheese. The result is that if a manufacturer desires to do his duty and be severe with his patrons in re- gard to the quality of the milk brought to him and the cleanliness of the cnns. lie is soon reproached with not paying as much as his neighbor who takes all thie milk brought to him without ever criticizing anyone. This state of things considerably obstructs progress and places a premium upon negligence. I have remarked that the same or nearly the same thing occurs with the consignee who adopts about the same methods as the seller on commission. There is an understanding between consignees to pay an average all round price for all the cheese from the same district, no reduction being made for inferior quality cheese, in order not to discontent the manufacturers and lose their consignments. ‘Does not the remedy for all this lie in the establishment of ‘ Boards”, where every one would get his due and where bad, as well as good, cheese would be paid for only according to value ? Some factories, especially in the Temiscamingue district and on the Upper Lievre and Gatineau, have receive liberal aid from your department and yet 254 they have not made the progress that was to be expected. The explanation is that in these regions the dairy industry is not regarded with the import ance that should attach to it owing to the proximity of the lumbering establish- ments and the difficult communication ; the other farm products sell at very inents and the difficult communications ; the other farm products sell at very tages of dairying. Still, in my opinion, it should not be thought thai these grants from your cepartment have been a useless outlay or one that has produced little benefit. Tt is a seed which will germinate some day or other and yield all its fruit. The circumstances will change and this, no doubt, within a new future. The lum- hering establishments will become more remote, and, with easier communica- tions and a larger population, prices will rise to the level of the other markets or the province and then the farmers will turn to the dairy industry and will less the foresight of those who shall have established it in their midst and put them in a position to benefit by it as others benefit elsewhere. The whole humbly submitted, I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, AUG, DRUDETE Inspector. Ste. Genevieve de Batiscan, 6th. December, 1903. ‘ REPORT ON FRUIT-GROWING STATIONS TiONORABLE ADELARD TURGEON, Muuster of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir , ‘ I have the honor to submit my sixth report on the Fruitzgrowing Sta- tiens of the Province. In 1808 the stations of Beauce, Compton, Chicoutimi, Gaspé, L’Islet and Maskinongé were established. The trees were planted in May of the same year except in St. Francois, Beauce, where the plantations were begun in 1899. The term fixed for the experiments expired last spring aad new experimental orchards were planted in the counties selected by you. The station of the county of Beauce and that of the county of Shefford, es- tablished after the others, as well as that of the county of L’Islet, are still un- ds the control of vour department and send in reports on their operations. STATIONS ESTABLISHED IN 1903. Comty Parish Director Cuebec Charleshourg Mr. Etienne Paradis, ‘!emiscouata .-D\-du-Lae * Olivier Guenette, Charlevoix \albaie ® * Maurice Lemoine. Montmorenc) Sie. Famille, L. O. * X Gosselin, . Shefford (continued ) Waterloo * H.-N. Whitcomb, Oitawa \ngers ” Moise Basinet, ‘Temiscouata. L,'Isle-Verte J.-T. Bertrand. 250 By your order dated 27th. October, 1902, the grounds placed at the dis- postal of the Government in each county were at once inspected and instruc- tions were given to the new directors with reference to the preparation of the soil and the planting. The Angers station was not established because Mr. Razinet had no suitable ground. The station at Isle-Verte, under the direction of Mr. Jos. J. Bertrand, re- piaces the Angers one for the present. The trees were planted last May in the six new stations ; well selected trees of varieties that have successfully stood the climate and whose fruit is best suited for the market and family use, were handed to the directors. New promising varieties were added to the assortment, amongst others some pear trees imported from Belgium by your department which make a good showing at every station. Several of these pear trees have blossomed ; the “Beufrre Durandeau.”’, “ Clapp’s Favorite”, and “ Bon Chrétien ’, bore large and fine pears. These pear trees which arrived in Quebec last December, were heeled in for the winter by Mr. H. Nagant of the Department of Agriculture.\ Gardeners were sent to the stations to assist the directors who needed instructions. The establishment of nurseries at every station except at Isle- Verte and Notre-Dame-du-Lac, necessitated the services of experienced men tc assure the success of these nurseries which you wish to promote in the Pro- vince of Quebee and to avoid, as far as possible, having to purchase foreign trees wherewith our country parts are flooded to the detriment of our own nurseries. Notwithstanding the drought in the spring the new plantations all make a good showing this autumn. Some losses have been experienced especially imongst the cherry trees. ‘The small apple-trees in the nurseries were fine and vigorous when I visited the stations and lead us to hope that, with atten- tive care, the dirctors will in a few years have some thousands of fine good trees to distribute. Already the directorsgof the stations of St. Francois, Beauce, (the Marist Erothers’ College), Compton (at the model farm), St. Léon (Maskinongé), Gaspé (near the Basin), have sold and delivered to the farmers around them hundreds of the apple-trees obtained from the scions they received from the De- partment of Agriculture. They give purchasers instructions regarding the planting and cultivation of the trees. The directors are doing good work in. promoting fruit-growing. Ks 257 COUNTY OF L’ISLET Fruit Station, Village des Aulnaies. The apple, plum, cherry and pear trees blossomed abundantly this year and led us to hope for more fruit than we gathered. During the month of May and at the beginning of June four heavy frosts destroyed many blossoms in the orchards of the county, on the bank of the St. Lawrence, and complete- ly destroyed the orchards in the interior. In the forests on the mountains the buds of the maples, bass-wood, mountain ash, birch, beech and hazel trees, the small fruit such as raspberries and blueberries, were frozen and bore neither seed nor fruit. sands into the fields and orchards and did great Jamage to the croos. The apple-trees whose buds did not suffer from the frost are : Astrakan Red, Duchess, Wealthy, Yellow Transparent, Reine des Reinettes, Galloway Pippin, Alexander, Tolman Sweet, English Golden Russet, Roxbury Russet, Calville and Siberia which yielded an abundant crop here in sheltered orchards. The plum trees that were spared also yielded a good crop. The Lombard, Moore’s Arctic and Bradshaw, slightly less loaded than in 1902, bore larger and finer plums ; the Pond’s Seedling, Washington, Grand Duke, Gueii (Hud- son River), Imperial Reine Claude and Montmorency (the native white plum) yielded abundantly. I send you to-day, 3rd. November, samples of Grand Duke, Gueii and Pond’s Seedling to enable you to judge of the good and long keeping quality of these fine varieties which are being tested in all the fruit stations, besides the other varieties mentioned. The blue Damson plum, in spite of its many blossoms, produced its much liked fruit only in a few privileged orchards of the district. | Amongst\thle plum trees imported from France by the Department, those which produced the most were the Iavorite, which ripened between the 15th. and 2oth. of August, the Golden Reine Claude, Columbia, Prince Englebert and Mirabelles. The abundant rains in July made the plums grow quickly ; a great many split and fell. Notwithstanding these losses the plum orchards that were sheltered 17 As the squirrels could find no food in the woods, they came down in thou- 258 and cared for yielded a fairly satisfactory revenue. ‘The prices realized were from 25 to 45 and even 50 cents a gallon, according to quality and the state of the market. A great many native white plums that were gathered too green, — cnused the price to fall for a fortnight. Forty-two varieties of pear trees flourished and bore fruit this year at the station of Village des Aulnaies. They are strong and fine ; the quantities of pears with which they were loaded astonished the visitors amongst whom { may mention Hon. E. P. Leblanc, M. P. P., Mr. Henri Menier, the owner of Anticosti, and Mr. Macoun, Horticulturist of Ottawa Experimental farm. Unfortunately, out of the 35 varieties received in May 1901, from Mr. Charles Baltet, of Troyes, France, ten only brought their fruit to its natural size before the frost. q Pears that ripen in the county of L’Islet : Clapp’s Favorite, July or Summer Doyenne, Claude Blanchet, Foukou- ba. Summer Osband, Flemish Beauty, Louise Bonne, Beurré Giffard, Bon Chrétien, Madame Eliza, are hardy and early varieties. From the experience ef past years, I firmly believe that these varieties will succeed, east of Quebec, as far as Rimouski. It is worth while to have them tried in various parts of the province by careful men who are found of making experiments. wit If the 25 other varieties from France described in my report of 1902 re- quire, as I fear, seven months of favorable season to bring their fruit to their natural size, they would be of no use east and noth-east of Montreal where the season of vegetation is too short. Owing to their hardiness it would be worth trying them in the regions between Huntingdon and Montreal where the sum- mer is longer than here. CHERRIES AND SMALL FRUITS This year the French cherries yielded well, but the cherries were small and wormy. Nevertheless the Richmond and Montmorency cherries were very fine and plentiful at L’Islet in the orchard of Hon. Mr. Justice L. B. Ca- ron. The cultivation of gooseberries is spreading in the country parts owing to the success of the large plantations at St. Nicholas and Cap St. Ignace hay- ing attracted attention. Farmers prefer the Downing variety which resists mildew and is very prolific. The White Smith, Industry and Crown Bob are highly esteemed by gardeners in the neighborhood of Montreal who by close 250! pruning in the spring, with plenty of manure and thick layers of straw to re- tain moinsture at the roots, succeed in gathering very large and fine goose- berries which readily fetch remunerative prices in Montreal. _ These four varieties and the Houghton succeed very well at the fruit stations. Here we made a fine selection of gooseberries for the St. Louis Ex- —Iubition in 1904. The following varieties of currants : Fay’s, Cherry, White Grape, Ver- salles, Antwerp Red, grow well, but there is not as much demand for them as formerly. Gardeners near cities grow enough for the market. The Cuthbert, Columbian and’ Shaffers red raspberries, the Golden Queen and Orange white raspberries, produce very large and fine fruit, yield heavy crops and are remunerative to grow. The Red Cutbbert is especially recommended. It is large and firm enough to be conveyed to a distant mar- ket ; it keeps a long time on the retailer’s counter ; owing to this it is known iu the United States as the “* Queen of the Market. ” It is pleasant to note that the planting of orchards is increasing in all the districts of the Province. ‘To the south, the county of Huntingdon pos- sesses immense orchards of export apple-trees. ‘The climate, which is simi- lar to that of the adjoining State of New York, allows of its growing the Baldwin, Greening, N. Spy and Cravestein, varieties too delicate to be grown further east. Mr. Edwards, a farmer of Covey Hill, exports from 1200 to 1500 barrels of apples a year. His is one of the orchards I visited. . From Huntingdon to Montreal the apple flourishes everywhere, the Fameuse hold- ing the place of honor. Some varieties more recently introduced are esteem- ed because they do not require spraying with the Bordeau mixture like the Tameuse. At Como the Winter St. Lawrence, Fameuse and Wealthy are grown for exportation in cases. At Belceil, county of Vercheres, the Fameuse, Canada Baldwin, Mackin- tosh Red are preferred and yield plentifully in the clay lands sheltered by the mountain. Messrs. Huot and Gadbois who already own large orchards had over 5000 apple-trees started at the fruit station of Village des Aulnaies in the winter of 1902-1903 to enlarge their orchard. The county of Argenteuil is noted for its fruit-growing. At Grenville, Mr. Robert Hamilton has propagated more than too varieties of apple-trees, most of them being of Russian origin. They are very hardy, produce early and bear excellent fruit. CK phe OA en 8 ie ae. t fi s — » eS en mF Cn ba i tS es ee, Cee 260 Like Mr. Fisk of Abbotsford, Mr. Hamilton was the right arm of the laie Chas. Gibb in his experiments. They have continued to multiply and disseminate the best varieties imported from Russia, to the great advantage of the eastern and northern regions of the province. The East and West Farnham fall and winter apples recently came to Quebec in car loads. They were as fine and as colored as those from Kingston, Ont., offered for sale, side by side, at the Fruit Exchange and by other fruit merchants. New orchards are increasing in the neighborhood of Montreal. The immense area already covered by orchards in that region is renowned for its excellent Fameuses. The Pomme Grise and Baldwin, which have become unproductive, are replaced by the Strawberry and Peach apple which are high- ly esteemed by Montreal consumers. i Mr. J. A. Décarie consigned a considerable portion of his Fameises to Quebec this year. They were perfect and without spots. Nevertheless he does not spray his trees with the Bordeau mixture. Mr. A. Grenier, of St. John street, Quebec, tells me he gets the finest Wealthy apples from a farmer of Arthabaska who grows large quauuties. The county of Lotbiniére possesses large and very old orchards, started from seedlings. Amongst the great many new orchards, that of Mr. Paré at Lotbiniére, covering a large extent, is a model one, containing varieties re-’ commended by the Pomological Society. In the county of Levis, the number and extent of good orchards is per- ceptibly increasing. Apple trees and gooseberry bushes have been extensive- iy planted at St. Nicholas. At Levis a well cultivated orchard has increased the value of the College farm. Beaumont and St. Raphael, in the county of Bellechasse, have orchards which yield fine crops of apples and plums. ‘The late Revd. Mr. Paradis, pa- rish priest of St. Raphael, planted, in 1870, a large orchard of fine apple and plum trees which is still very flourishing. The county of Montmagny has devoted itself to the cultivation of plums. The plum orchards of Cap St. Ignace and its fields of gooseberries have won it an enviable reputation. Those who have planted and carefully cultivated apple trees have succeeded in obtaining fine fruit. A bad selection of trees and of grounds have in many instances led to the loss of young orchards. 261 Throughout the Grandville division, from L’Islet to Trois Pistoles, there ate enough apple, plum, cherry and bear trees in full bearing to prove that it pays to grow them. There is no lack of soil suitable for orchards ; the best rich sandy soils (potato soils) should be chosen or again heavy soils that are uct compact and are well drained. Some small orchards flourish in the valley of the Matapedia ; others, larger and older, on the Baie des Chaleurs, county of Bonaventure, produce very fine apples especially that of Mr. Johnson. ; Beauce will become a fruit centre. There are many young orchards of very vigorous trees ; sheltered from the sea winds, the trees will last longer than those which, without natural or artificial shelter, are exposed to the violent storms that rage on the banks of the St. Lawrence. The county of Maskinongé, so renowed for the inexhaustible richness of its soil, has not devoted to fruit-growing the attention it deserves. Never- theless I have seen some very flourishing small orchards there. Thousands of fruit trees might be grown on the hillocks of Louiseville. So favorable a soil and exposure would soon be taken advantage of in Ontario for growing apple-trees. Let us hope that the success obtained at the St. Léon fruit sta- tion will encourage the planting of orchards. Hon. Senator Legris will give a good example to Louiseville by his orchard. The Transparent, Duchess, Wealthy and Golden Russet are the hardiest and most productive of the apple- trees planted at the St. Léon station. The Quebec Government Ifas establish- ed that station for the benefit of the farmers of the county and has tried seve- ral varieties at its own expense. The orchard owners should profit by the result of its experiments by procuring the tried varieties which are superior to the others. Mr. Hormidas Paquin, of the St. Léon station, wrote me on the 14th. November 1903 that he had a fine crop of all kinds of fruit this year and had sold all the apple-trees he had reared. The Department had supplied him with 2000 scions, and the loss had not exceeded 20 per cent. Encouraged by this; success and by the demand for trees by the farmers of the neighborhood, he Will plant some thousand scions next spring. His soil and sub-soil are equal to those of the Niagara district for nurseries. 262 EXPERIMENTS AND SELECTION OF VARIETIES OF FRUIT TREES IN ~ SEVERAL COUNTIES OF THE PROVINCE In my report for last year I gave the list of the es fruits adapted to the districts of Kamouraska and Montmagny, and which were recommended by the committee appointed to visit the orchards by the Horticultural Society of the county of L’Islet. Since the publication of the report of your department for 1902, many applications for information coming from various counties have been sent me by persons desirous of knowing the varieties best suited to their localities. For their information I would beg you to publish the details and recommen- dations obtained from the Horticultural Societies of the counties of Mont- morency, Missisquoi, Brome, Jacques-Cartier and from Dr. Grignon for the counties of Terrebonne, Labelle, Joliette and Montreal. The disinte- rested advice given in these memorials and the experiments made in those counties will be a safe guide to growers in making a judicious choice of va- rieties which will enable them to avoid the disappointment and loss of money they would suffer if they planted trees whose fruits would not sell or which would be too tender for the climate. ; The Horticultural Society of the Island of Orleans through its zealous secretary, Mr. Boily, recommends the following varieties which have yielded fine crops : AppLes.—Wealthy, Duchess, Fameuse, Astrakan Red, Transparent Yel- low, Peach, Canada Baldwin, Alexander, St. Lawrence, Calville, N. W. Green- ing, Ben Davis. The following varieties promise well, but have not yet borne fruit : Ge deon, Shiawassee Beauty, Scott’s Winter, Wolf River, Red Betigheimer, Haas, Mann, Baxter, Longfield, Pewaukee, Reinette Dorée, N. Spy, Salome, MelIntosh Red, Canada Red, Tolman Sweet, Baily Sweet, Stark, Hyslop (Si- beria). Plum trees yielding the best crops : Orleans Blue (Damson) Karly Yellow, Reine Claude de Montmorency (the native White plum) Lombard, Imperial, Washington. Gooseberries recommended : Downing, Industry, Woodward. Most prolific raspberries : Golden Queen (yellow) Cuthbert, Queen of the Market (red). ra few years. Some farmers get $100. and even $300 a year from. 4 * a OK ‘ ‘ POA: Smith, secretary of the Lachine Horticultural Society, county eter, writes that the favorite varieties in the orchards of that Bples—Vellow Transparent, Astrakan Red, Montreal Strawberry, ch, Duchess, Wealthy, Winter St. Lawrence, Ben Davis, Golden Russet, ba y Russet, Pomme Grise, Pewaukee, N. Spy, Mackintosh Red, Switzer -Fameuse would still be the best if the farmers would spray their trees re- ila ly to prevent scab. ears.—The only profitable varieties are : Flemish Beauty. Fondante des | Bartlett and Clapp’s Favorite. a Plums.—But little grown. In some orchards we find Yellow Egg, Grand uke, , Abundance and Burbank. ie iSeraipberrics. —Extensively grown ; very profitable ; the favorite va- rieties are Clyde, Lemington, Williams, Brandywine. i —The best varieties are : Dow Pyne Whitesmith and In- Gurus. —The following varieties are grown on an extensive scale : “= Black Naples, Fay’s Prolific, North Star, Moore’s Ruby and Grape aspberriesy.—But little grown ; the favorite kinds are : Columbian, , Cuthbert, Golden Queen, Shaffer's Colossal. pes.—The best varieties are : Moore's Early, Worden, Concord, Dela- gawam, Moore’s Diamond and Niagara. Grapes are not-grown as 2 ensively as they should be. Many plantations of new kinds of fruit have been noticed in the county — Jacques Cartier, but it is too soon yet to ascertain the merits and defects of e new varieties. * * Mr. W. M. Hillhouse, secretary-treasurer of the Horticultural Society county of Brome, writes that, owing to the severity of our winters,’ ; rs can raise only the hardiest varieties. Nevertheless it is observed that | ie apple, pear and plum crops have doubled within the ten past ) years. Thi8'so- ys { 264 ciety has greatly contributed to the development of fruit-growing through i's exhibitions and the distribution of fruit trees, thanks to the encourage- ment given by the Department of Agriculture of Quebec. The best paying varieties are : Summer apples.—Tetofsky, Astrakan Red, Transparent Yellow, all three hardy and prolific. Fall and early winter apples.—Peach, Duchess, Strawberry (Foundling) St. Lawrence, Alexander, Fameuse, Blue Pearman and Wealthy. All are very prolific except the Blue Pearman whose fruit is excellent but not abundant. Winter apples.—Toiman Sweet, Canada Baldwin, Wolf River, Wint St. Lawrence, Golden Russet, N. Spy, Hardy’s Pewaukee, Mackintosh Red, Haas, Ben Davis, Scott’s Winter, Longfield, Bethel, Arabka and Baxter. - These are the favorite kinds, hav:ng long ago proved their hardiness and fecundity, with the exception of the N. Spy and Golden Russet which produce only to a middling degree, but which are highly esteemed through the excellent quality of their fruit and their keeping qualities. The varieties that have given little satisfaction after many trials and which the society cannot recommend are : King (the wood freezes) American Baldwin, Rhode Island, Greening, American Pippin and Gravestein which are not suited to our climate. Pears.—The following varieties are now cultivated with success : Bart- lett, Clapp’s Favorite, Flemish Beauty, St. Michel and Vermont Beauty. Plums.—The Reine Claude, (Green Gage) Damson, Lombard, Yellow Ege (Dame Aubert), Moore's Arctic, Canada Egg, Weaver, Bonne Ste. Anne (a variety of Damson) succeed in some parts of the county and yield excellent fruit, especially the Bonne Ste. Anne. The plantations are being enlarged and the plum trees resist the cold as well as the apple trees. Grapes.—By careful cultivation and pruning, grapes have been gathered in abundance such as : Concord, Champion or Beaconsfield, Delaware and Meyer. Gooseberries.—The favorite varieties here are the Downing, Houghton and Industry. Currants.—They succeed everywhere and produce abundantly in well till- ed and well manured gardens. ‘The following varieties are preferred :Cherry, Fay’s Prolific. Moore’s Ruby, White Grape and Black Naples. 265 Strawberries, Raspberries and Blackberries—These fruits grow abun- ‘dantly in the Eastern Townships and a great many varieties are cultivated, all oi which yield equally well. Turf is recommended in orchards to protect the roots and trees in winter. | __No hesitation should be shown in planting the varieties above mentioned because they have proved their hardiness and fecundity in the county of _ Brome. 7 * The Horticultural Society of the county of Missisquoi informs us through its active secretary, Mr. Westover, of Frelighsburg, that the county of Missis- quoi is favored with a soil and climate suitable for fruit-gfowfng. Appl¢ trees are to be found everywhere and the varieties are even too numerous. Farmers should plant only four or five of the varieties recognized as most pro- fitable for the market and for family use. Apples.—The following varieties have given satisfaction :Astrakan Red, “etofsky, Duchess, Fameuse, Peach, St. Lawrence, Pomme Grise, Golden Kusset, Alexander, Tolman Sweet, Ben Davis, Wealthy, Transparent Yellow, Calville, Winter White, Wagner, Pewaukee, Wolf River, Scott’s Winter, Foundling and some new Russian varieties. Pears.—Flemish Beauty, Idaho, Wilder's Early, Vermont Beauty grow very well here. Plums.—De Soto, Abundance, Burbank, Moore’s Early grow very well, but produce little. The fruit buds seem very tender to cold. Mr. Westover concludes by recommending those who wish to have an apple orchard for the export trade to plant the Fameuse, Ben Davis, Wealthy, Pewaukee, Tolman Sweet ; for the local market and family use. Yellow Transparent, Duchess, Alexander, Wolf River, St. Lawrence and Strawberry. At present fruit is retailed in the Eastern Townships, but the time is not far distant when it ‘will be shipped to other markets. It will be necessary to have popular fruits so as to compete with Ontario. At Clarenceville, Mr. Wm. Pattison owns a splendid vineyard produc- ing the finest grapes which ripen thoroughly thanks to his careful and intel- ligent cultivation. ‘The wild and garden raspberries gathered and sold on the markets of Ste. Agathe, St. Jovite, St. JérOme, St. Lin, Ste. Thérése and 266 Joliette bring in about $6,000.00. The sale of apples is estimated at $8,000. Mr. Antoine Poirier has during the past five years realized from $100 to $150 fer annum from an orchard of 60 apple trees planted at my suggestion. Dr. Grignon has greatly encouraged the planting of orchards in the re- gion mentioned. He has purchased thousands of grafts for himself and has induced farmers’ clubs to purchase them. He has raised in a nursery the apple trees he has had grafted in the Village des Aulnaies to distribute them in his county. By this means and by his practical lectures he has given a remarka- ble impetus to fruit-growing, the results whereof are most satisfactory. Fruit-growing in the section comprising the northern portions of the counties of Terrebonne, Labelle, Montcalm and Joliette. Dr. W. Grignon writes from Ste. Adéle : I notice with pleasure that during the past few years all the farmers — want to have some apple-trees. For 17 years I have tried every kind and have come to the conclusion that the only ones to be recommended are : Summer apples.—Transparent Yellow, Montreal Peach, Duchess, As- trakan Red. Fall and Winter apples.—Wealthy, Alexander, Mackintosh Red, Scott’s: Winter and Ben Davis. The latter keeps until June. I would particularly recommend for our region the Wealthy which will sell for a long time in this district at three dollars a barrel, so highly is it ap- preciated and because it, resembles the Fameuse which I would not recommend growing here. There is not a farmer of our northern counties who should not have in a well fenced garden, as an experiment, at least a dozen apple-trees, as follows : 1 Wealthy t Alexander 1 Transparent Yellow I Seott’s Winter _I Montreal Peach 2 Ben Davis 1 Duchess 1 Siberian I know of only one fruit that is shipped and it comes chiefly from the north of the county of Terrebonne. It is the wild strawberry, some of which is sent to Montreal and the remainder to Boston and New York’ 267 " The following ten parishes viz : St. Jérome, Ste. Adéle, Ste. Margue- ne, St. Hypolyte, St. Faustin, St. Jovite, St. Sauveur and Ste. Sophie alone hip wild strawberries to the value of forty and even fifty thousand dollars. Pa ee BEST VARIETIES FOR THE COUNTY OF STANSTEAD AND ha ADJACENT COUNTIES BY AN EXPERIENCED FRUIT- GROWER OF BEEBE PLAIN Ben Davis : one of our best trade apples. Wealthy : is the best for productiveness, sells readily. Golden Russet : yields a limited quantity yearly ; sells readily. Fameuse : always finds customers ; no danger of planting too many. Wolf River : very fine looking ; sells readily. Scott’s Winter : good family apple ; keeps until May. Pewaukee : one of the best. I was undecided between this variety and the Bethel. Bethel : excellent but weak producer and bears late. Irish Peach : good only for the local market, too tender for packing and The Winter Arabka have not borne fruit long enough to allow of export. We consider that it has a future in this our judging of their selling qualities. province. The cultivation of orchards is increasing in the Faste Brome and Compton. We find the French Cana- mn : rn ‘Townships es- pecially in the counties of dians more progressive in this line than their is fruit-growing than the people of Vermont. English-speaking fellow-citizens. We are more advanced as regar‘ Plums : but little cultivated in Vermont near Beebe Plain. | Favorite varieties : Damson, (Shropshire), Gueii, Bradshaw, Lombard, Imperial Gage. BEEBE PLAIN, November, 1903 We see by the above reports coming from such good sources that the a . - ° . : Aardiest apple-trees and the most profitable in all the counties mentioned are : 268 1 Transparent Yellow 6 Mackintosh Red | 2 Duchess 3 Wealthy 4 Alexander 5 Montreal Peach Apple 7 Ben Davis | 8 Scott’s Winter | 9 Astrakan Red 10 Fameuse j The first three are very hardy, very vigorous and very prolific, every where even in Gaspé ; ; there is no risk in planting them from one end of th province to the other in good apple-tree soil. For a near market the Transparent Yellow anid good, can be recommended. The Duchess, | , of ivory color, large, fin It ripens at the end of August and sells well} arge and streaked with red on light green, sale at the end of September and keeps longer th 1¢ has been successfully exported to Engl is ripe enough fo an the Transparent Yellow and. The Wealthy, a very fine an good apple, streaked with red and frequently all red, keeps until March. I sells readily in Quebec and Montreal and fetches renumerative prices. i} ingland it was thought well of last year. A hundred boxes of assortec apples were shipped to Glasgow from the Ottawa Exuerimeatal Farm on th 3rd. October 1902. Mr. Mckinnon, chief of the fruit division, Commissioner’ Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, who was in C! apples arrived and who examined the fruit, reports that the \ finest and sold best (6s. od, a case) asgow when th Vealthy were th: and all he saw were in perfect condition Maemahon also arrived in good order, but did not seem to inspire the sami} confidence in buyers, probably because they did not know them ; the price wa, 4s. 9d. The Patten’s Greening were in perfect condition, looked very attract | ive and sold for 5s. a case. Fameuse sold for 6s. shipment had only one fault, namely Cases. Viewed commercially thi : that there were too few apples in the The cases contained a quarter of a barrel and at 6s. Od. each this is equi: valent to $6.70 a barrel. Deducting all charges the Wealthy fetched 521% cents more per case aj Glasgow than on the Ottawa market, or $2.10 per barrel. The apples were consigned to Mr, Thomas Russell, commission merchant, of Glasgow. 0 eee ct ee aS ths The Prunus Americana grows at Hudson’s Bay. este tree grows and produces wherever it has been planted in the e of Quebec. SV oe and in Russia 66° of latitude. Russian varieties and the Wealthy which comes from the North States resist the cold and fogs of Gaspé and produce fine fruit. ore long we shall know the result of the experiments you have au- ed to be made on the Labrador coast at the request of Monseigneur , AN es to Chateauguay and Montreal That s section of ire Province es hundreds of thousands of barrels and is the most important fruit- ; ec and good apples for export. There is no doubt of it ; climate i is favorable and there is no lack of suitable soil for the apple-tree ‘a as mellow and soft soils, soils made up of various elements. It flourish- n alluvial lands when sand is mixed with silica or clay and in soils with anitic base as well as in soils where-peaty loam corrects the acidity of the lin estone. Moderate dampness is favorable to it with a porous or permeable sub soil. The Becedian plum (Primus Americana), a red plum, grows every- here in the province ; it is found in abundance on the shores of Lake Keno- umi, Saguenay and as far as Hudson Bay (Michaux). - More sensitive to the cold than the apple, the European plum resists and ces at Rimouski. Its wood is hardy enough to stand the cold at_thve Station. From Rimouski upwards, the plum grows perfectly on both sides of the t. Lawfence and on the islands as far as Montreal. Many orchards have a 270 been destroyed during the past 25 years by the Black Knot as ‘well as throug the roots being frost-killed in the winter of 1896-97. Similar accidents hap pen in all countries. In 1892, Florida, a semitropical country, lost its orang eroves through frost, replanted them and now has nearly as many oranges a tormerly. , After two centuries of experiments, our ancestors proved the hardines and fecundity of the Damson, Reine Claude of Montmorency and Early Yel low plums. Why should we give up growing them now ? ; Generous efforts should be made to renew the large and small plum or chards that still existed only a few years ago in the cowntes of Richelieu, Hochelaga, Verchéres, Chateauguay, Montmorency, Charlevoix, Bellechasse, Montmagny, etc. Every farmer then owned some plum and French cherry trees, on whose abundant fruit the old and young members of the family re- ealed themselves ; the surplus went to the town markets which are at present supplied by Ontario, New Jersey and California. The farmers who did not allow themselves to be discouraged by the checks above mentioned and who, on the contrary, replanted their orchards and took good care of them, are already deriving a good profit from them. It would he wrong to not take advantage of the advantages offered by the Quebec Department of Agriculture in connection with the developnient of fruit-growing. It sustains by means of liberal grants, hortienltural and agricultural societies, farmers’ clubs, polomogical societies, fruit stations and © nurseries, the Journal of Agriculture and agricultural schools. Everybody can obtain horticultural instruction from those fruitful sources of information — and example. { have the honor to he, Your obedient servant AUG, DUPUTS; Director of liruit Stations. 271 COUNTY OF MONTMORENCY FRUIT STATION Ste. Famille, Island of Orleans, 6th. October igo3. Hon. ADELARD TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit the first, report on the fruit station of the county of Montmorency of which you have appointed me director. We planted the trees between the roth. and 12th. May last as follows : 20 pear trees from Belgium. From the Village des Aulnaies. 37 plum, 47 apple, 9 cherry trees, 35 gooseberry, 17 currant bushes. 4 pear and 4 apple trees from France. _* Out of all the trees we planted we lost : 3 plum trees : 2 Imperial Gage and 1 Pond’s Seedling. 3 May Duke cherry trees. 1 Royal apple tree from France. The pear trees have grown fairly well. The Beurré Durandeau pear tree bore fruit and so did a Washington plum tree. The Richmond cherry trees bore several cherries. We also planted 1000 grafts that came from Mr. Dupuis. Notwith- standing my slight experience of this kind of cultivation, the latter have grown very well ; some are 3 feet high. Last spring’s drought compelled us to water all these trees and to cover the soil with straw to retain the moisture. ‘This entailed much labor, but I think these young trees will reward us in the future. I am convinced that this station will have the effect of reviving orchards on the Island of Orleans. Of all the orchards in existence previous to the black knot disease, only one remains in Ste, Famille : that of the Rev. L. J. Gagnon, our parish priest, owing to his intelligent care of his trees. He had the pleasure of sending over 80 bushels of fine plums to market this year. His Washington and Lombard plum trees were purchased in the Village des Aul- naies ; they are very vigorous and produce abundantly, I think it would be very advantageous for the farmers of the Island of Orleans to procure good acclimatized trees and that each one should plant a good orchard so as to be able to provide a considerable portion of the fruit which the city of Quebec buys elsewhere. Hoping that these few remarks will suffice for my first report. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, : F.-XAVIER GOSSELIN. NOTRE DAME DU LAC FRUIT STATION Hon. A. TURGEON, Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sin, I have the honor to submit my report on the fruit trees 1 have planted on — ny property at your request, namely : 25 Belgian, 5 Russian, 5 American pear trees. 25 Assorted apple-trees. 25 Cherry trees. 56 Plum trees. 6 Dozen assorted currant trees. 100 Grafts of plum trees. 50 Raspberry bushes. Several of the plum trees required a great deal of care owing to the drought ; several of the currant bushes withered and will have to be replaced. She other trees have succeded very well. Most of these trees are easily ie climatized which is a great advantage. Yours very truly, O. GUERETTIE St. Léon, 29th. July 1903. Aucust& Dupuis Eso., Village des Aulnaies. Dear Sir, [ have received your letter which has given me much pleasure. You ask me news of the trees I have planted. I have not lost many trees this 273 spring ; the others are all fine and nearly all are bearing fruit. The trees in the nursery are fine ; I have thinned them out. I have sold 200 to the farm- ers of the neighborhood. The hay crop is an average and the grain a middling one. - Yours truly, HORMIDAS P\QUIN. You ask me to send you some apples for the St. Louis Exhibition. There was a high wind on Sunday and about five bushels of apples fell, but the others are rather fine. Let me know when you would like to have some and T will get them for you. et. Léon, 14th. November 1903. I have gathered a large quantity of fruit of all kiads. The apple-trees in the nursery were very fine. I have not enough to meet the demand. I am scrry that I have none for the new stations. Whit price do you ask for 2000 gtafts deliverable in the spring. 5 HORM: 1.5 PAQUIN. 18 274 ISLE-VERTE FRUIT STATION Aucust& Dupuis Esq., Director of Fruit Stations, St. Roch—Village des Aulnaies, P. Q. —— Si, I beg to submit my annual report on the fruit station established by th Government at Isle-Verte in the month of May 1993. Isle Verte, the chef-liew of the county of Témiscouata and certainly witl the exception of Trois Pistoles, the largest parish of the county as regards) agricultural population, has entirely neglected the cultivation of fruit trees) although it can be carried on with advantage and profit to those who take it up if one may judge by the few isolated attempts that have been begun, but no continued. In the first place it is necessary to teach the people how to grow and to take care of the trees and choose the varieties best suited to the locali- ty. The people here are not slow in advancing in the path of progress espe cially when it leads to tangible benefits. | More than one has already askec me for information and has told me that he intended to plant fruit trees. One of them is to write to you and ask you for some fifty young trees this autumn There is only one orchard of any importance at Isle-Verte ; 1t belongs tc Mrs. Charles Bertrand, a widow, and was planted about 60 years ago. ‘The trees were obtained from Col. Fraser of St. Jean Port Joli, and consisted o Tamson plums and some apple trees which yielded as much fruit as at St Jean. Some ten years ago | planted to the east of my house on the top of a hill ten apple, three crab-apple, four plum, about ten cherry trees, several currant bushes and other small plants. All have succeeded very well and are loaded with fruit, in spite of want of care owing to my being obliged to shut up my house and leave Isle Verte shortly afterwards and of the complete absence of protection at that place against the north and north-west winds. At present we lose much fruit which is thrown down by the wind before it can ripen. I had frequently observed in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces that every farmer had an orchard and asked myself why the same should not be ughout the Quebec region. Some persons said that we had no sum- - counties on the Lower St. Lawrence and could not think of having 1 I knew the contrary from experience and resolved to make fadchits as soon as I shoe have an opportunity. In the spring of pronder eae your nursery, which I had frequently cited as an ex- undred trees as follows : wmmer apple trees Transparent Yellow ; Duchess ; ae trees 6 Scott’s Winter,— 12 Wealthy ; 5 Golden Russet,— 2 Wolf River ; 5 Longfield,— 3 Ben Davis ; 3 Maiden Blush,— 2 Ontario ; 2 Gueiii— 5 Shipper’s Pride— 3 Goutte d’Or,— 5 Bradshaw,— 4 Bonne Ste. Anne,—5 Reine Claude—— 5 Moore’s Arctic—5 Lombard,— 5 Washington ; Montmorency, ‘the foot of which Bows the river “Verte and which is wooded to the with spruce, aspen and poplar trees planted by my father, These a ford complete protection from the north-east, north and north- ds and especially those from the west, while there is nothing to impede ‘rays on the south from sun-rise to 5 or 6 o'clock in the. afternoon, the tall poplars on the summit begin, to throw a shadow in summer. The ‘sandy but cool and thoroughly drained ; where I had added black loam cl timothy grew to the height of a man. All the trees took with the on of an apple tree, which was broken by an ox, and eight cherry trees ch en were too far advanced when | planted them. All the others ver ry strong and very vigorous and some have already borne fruit. fens enterpresing member, Mr. Napoléon Dion, to wliom T spoke about Ing, said to me : “It is an excellent idea byt you are hot the first to as occurred. ‘The Government, desirous of increasing the farmers’ sources of revenue, has already established fruit stations in va- bo N OV rious places ; the present Minister takes great interest in them and wants t establish nurseries of fruit trees wherever there are none. ” I said : ‘* Then, in that case, if the Government will accept what I have aiready done as the beginning of a fruit station and will help me to develop it, we will have nothing to envy our neighbors in a few years.”’ Mr. Dion as- sured me he would attend to it at once and I applied for 125 trees as follows : 49 apple trees : 2 Wealthy,—2 Salomé—1 Scott’s Winter—2 Ber Davis,—1 Gideon,—1 Maiden’s Blush,—¥4 Russet, 2 Longfield—3 McIntosh,—2 Pewaukeé,—3 Trans parent,— 3 Tetofsky,— 3 Duchess,— 3 Fameuse,— 3 St-Laurent,— 3 Alexandra, — 3 Strawberry, 3 Peach. 36 plum trees : 5 Bradshaw,— 3 Grand Duke,— 3 Goutte d’?Or— Pond’s Seedling,— 3 Gueii,— 2 Shipper’s Pride, — 2 Washington,—2 Smith’s Orleans,—2 Yellow Egg, 2 Niagara,—2 Moore’s Arctic,—3 German Brown, 3 General Hand ; 20 Pear trees : 2 Bartlett—4 Clapp’s Favorite— 4 Keiffer’s—4 Duchess,—2 Doyenne d’été,—2 Petite-Marguerite,— 1 Wilder’s Early,—1 F. Beauty ; 10 Cherry trees : 1 Windsor,—5 May Duke,—4 Montmorency ; 50 Gooseberry bushes : 20 Downing,—2o0 Houghton,—1o0 Industry ; 70 Raspberry bushes: 25 Cutbbert—25 Golden Queen,—15 Colum-)} bian,—5 Gault (black) ; 10 Crab-apple trees : 3 Ayslop,—4 Transcendent,—3 Whitney. As I was not certain whether I should be be at home to see to the plant- ing and as I also awaited a decision from the Quebec Government, I applied fer the trees nearly two weeks later than last year. I was wrong because I think it is better to plant as early as possible, especially as my land is ready |} a!most as soon as the snow which covers it with uniform thickness has disap- } peared, because the frost never penetrates the soil at that spot. ; My trees planted this year are not so quite so vigorous as those planted iast year. Many were too far advanced and the leaves were partly formed. | | were the trees planted when we had such cold nights that the leaves _ fr - pre fell off. Then we had a dr ought that compelled us to water ly to ieaose that had to put forth fresh buds to replace the fallen leaves. Ne ertheless only eleven trees died, namely : : Plum trees : 1 Bradshaw,—3 Grand Duke ; 3 Apple trees ; r Strawberry,—2 Canada Red ; 4 Cherry trees 1 Montmorency,—2 May Duke ; Gooseberry bushes : 1 Industry. ° read the report of Hon. Mr. Turgeon, Minister. of Agraiculture, ‘ear the trees ae so that Renale may procure in 98 province trees now imported so extensiv ely from abroad and that will be required “the eae orthy efforts of the Honorable eniste are already ly valued and will be productive of excellent results in the near future, by the present state of affairs. Phi a is nothing like acclimatizing the young shoots to the climatic con- is under which ‘they are to grow and to bear fruit. Those that come to om Onario and elsewhere never succeed as well as those we obtain irom s cultivated i in the district. For my part I am prepared to receive from ) partment of Agriculture grafts of apple trees in the spring to establish nurery, provided the Department will give me instructions haw to prepare the soi “ae Be and care pee the trees. would be advisable to ascertain what would be the best system to adopt ences or hedges. ‘ [ have not time at the moment to make a plan of the ground for you, but ill be able to send you one with my next report. I send some photographs } A portion of the orchard and of the buildings. ; pene A hs. ee i Your obedient servant, J. TETU BERTRAND. I have the honor to be, a, 5th. October, 1903. 278 CHARLEVOIX EXPERIMENTAL FRUIT STATION Murray Bay, 24th. September 1903. Hon. A. TURGEON, Mister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, I have the honor to submit my annual report on our fruit station. The piece of land chosen by Mr. Auguste Dupuis for the plantation is dry and rocky and sheltered from high winds. After preparing it by a good ploughing we opened a trench for each row of trees and filled it in with loanr and manure. The transplanting was done in the months of May and June last and the foot of each tree was covered with straw or chips to intercept the sun’s rays. Notwithstanding the drought in May and June the trees have grown well ; very few have died with the exception of the cherry trees, only one half of which resisted the drought. This may be attributed to the fact that the irees had blossomed too long before they were put in the earth. Some blassoms came out on the dwarf pears from Belgium ; they are very vigorous. The grafts are now two feet high. I grew vegetables between the rows of trees. Judging from the present appearance of the plantation I have hopes that it will succeed especially as I am determined to carry out all the instruc- tions given me by Mr. Dupuis regarding the care to be given. Mr. Dupuis sent me 20 plum and 4o apple trees and by the advice of Mr. Angers, M. P., and of Mr. Dupuis himself, I distributed them amongst some of my neighbors who transplanted them carefully and who are so pleased at seeing them growing strong and vigorous that they have decided to increase the number. Their example has already had the effect of inducing other farmers of the locality to transplant some next year. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, MAURICE LEMOINE. 279 COUNTY OF QUEBEC FRUIT STATION Charlesbourg, 20th. October 1903- on. A. TURGEON, Mimster of Agriculture, Quebec. ir, I have the honor to submit the first report on the fruit station you were leased to establish on my property at the request of Mr. Delage, member for he county of Quebec. The trees supplied by the Department of Agriculture ind obtained from Belgium, Beebe Plain and the Village des Aulnaies were lanted in May last. - Some were killed by the drought in spite of watering ; the cherry trees nd raspberry bushes suffered more than the rest. I received from the Department of Agriculture, through Mr. Nagant, 20 dwarf pear trees from Belgium, all of which took well and are very fine ; 6 blossomed and 2 bore fruit. One tree, a Bon Chretien William, bore 6 pers, and another 4, one of which was exhibited at the County of Quebec exhibi- tion. I received from Mr. A. Verreault, of the Village des Aulnaies, 24 pear, 45 apple, 44 plum trees ; 1200 apple-tre grafts ; also a pump for spraying trees. Out of these I lost only 1 plum tree, 1 Washington, 1 Moore’s Arctic, 1 Fatge, 3 Pond’s Seedling, 2 Niagara. I received from Beebe Plain 19 plum, 24 apple, 3 apricot trees, 3 grape vines, 50 raspberry, 25 currant, 25 gooseberry, 25 black berry bushes, 3 horse chestnuts, 3 cut leaf birches, 3 Norway maples, 3 Carolina poplars, 3 lindens, 20 cherry trees. ; Of this lot 6 yellow egg plum trees were missing, which the director should claim from Mr. Miller of Beebe Plain. Out of these trees I lost 4 Montmorency, 4 Richmond plum trees ; 4 Ru- bicon, 2 Bethel, 1 Arabka, 2 Derby Seek No Further apple trees ; 43 raspberry, 12 blackberry bushes ; 5 Bradshaw, 4 Reine Claude, 1 Lombard plum trees. Some of these trees did not arrive in good condition. I also lost grafts in the nursery of 1200 apple trees. The grafts have giv- en fine plants three feet high. As you will observe I have not lost a single apple-tree from the Village des Aulnaies, nor a single pear tree from Belgium, On the whole plantation I lost 55 trees in all. But we must take into’ account the temperature of last year when everything perished through want of water. It is not surprising that some young plants should have died be= cause some of my one and two year old trees withered. I watered the foot of my trees and plants for six weeks, three times a week. In my ald orchard, I gathered 300 bushels of apples, mostly Duchess, Wealthy and Transparent Yellow. The varieties that grew best here are the Wealthy, Ducltess, Fameuse, Transparent Yellow, Canada Baldwin, Red Astrakan, Ben Davis, Strawberry, St. Laurent, Wolf River and Longfield. I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, ETIENNE, PARADIS, jun. > COUNTY OF BEAUCE FRUIT STATION St..Francois Beauce, 18th. February r904.. Aucustsé Dupuis Eso., Director of Fruit Stations, Village des Aulnaies, P.Q. Site I have the honor to submit the report on the fruit statiom of the Marist: Brothers at St. Francois, Beauce. As a rule the trees haye not suffered from the frost ; they have growm well and some apple trees have borne splendid fruit. Unfortunately 7 apple trees died in the spring. I attribute this to a too hasty growth the previous year ; the wood was too young and could not resist the late frosts. The va— rieties that suffered most were : Ben Davis (3) ; White Astrakan (2) > St. Taurent (1) and Wealthy (2). The pear trees (Clapp’s Favorite) were exceptionally vigorous in the spring and were covered with blossoms, but the frosts, at the end of May were Beauty pear TS resist the cold better owing to their not VE RE so + us as the others. Bae plum trees had also blossomed well and most of them shared the pear trees. We were compelled to cut the heads of several and | grew again on the trunk. The two varieties that suffered most were of Wales and Glass Seedling. currant bushes of all kinds, as well as the gooseberry and raspberry b ne , yielded fine and abundant crops. I estimate the yield of gooseberries _ ats gallons. : The vine bore fine clusters, which were killed by the last frosts in May. he apple trees in the nursery are very fine. Nearly 200 are to be given next spring to the people of St. Francis, St. Hyacinthe and Iberville. he small apple trees grafts placed in the nursery last spring took well in _ ‘the drought. I should also mention the pear trees from Belgium ich, without exception, have grown fine stems ; some even had blossoms. OL the cherry and plum trees transplanted in 1903, six perished. the re very vigorous. early all the small acacias planted around the orchard last spring suf- from the drought. | thin ink I am justified in saying that, had it not been for the May frosts, I vel 1 the trees planted three and four years ago would have yielded a fine ill, the gi erance gs the orchard is very encouraging. The soil is I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, Broturr M. BEATRIN. 282 VETERINARY SCHOOL MONTREAL SCHOOL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE AND VETERINARY SURGERY AFFILIATED TO LAVAL UNIVERSITY REPORT OF THE 17th. YEAR (1902-1903) Montreal, 24th. August, 1903. ‘Yo. the Hnorable Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir , I have the honor to submit the 17th. report of the Montreal School of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Surgery affiliated to. Laval University. The lectures began on the 5th. October last and finished at the end of March 1903. 22 students were enrolled as follows : IRST. YEAR J. Campeau, Rigaud ; G. Dujardin, Montreal ; G. Mayotte, Rigaud ; Omer Laroche, Montreal ; C. Fréchette, St-Ephrem d’Upton ; F. Fortin, Waterloo. 2ND. YEAR J. E. Lemieux, St-Frangois, Beauce ; C. Derome, Ste-Clotilde ; J. C. G. Drolet, Portneuf ; J. P. A. Houde, St-Célestin ; J. A. Houde, Nicolet ; Math. Jacques, St-Jean Deschaillons ; Ed. Durocher, Cote des Neiges. 283 3RD, YEAR . Dubois, Ste-Agathe de Lotbiniére ; J. C. Reid, Chateauguay ; A. Rousseau, St- Nicolas te Levis ; J. A. Ratté, St-Flavien de Lotbiniére ; J. F. “sip Mauffette, lle IPSHWa)E £ ify R Séguin, Rigaud. _ They all followed the lectures very assiduously and passed good exami- nations at the end of both terms. Each professor has sent me a report of his work, stating that the stu- _ dents have done well, also that they have studied better than in previous years. I myself had already observed this. It is likewise easy to see that the more the lectures become interesting the more do the students acquire taste for them and manifest the desire to make themselves competent. The subjects taught are the following : > Primary :— Chemistry. — Comparative Physiology. — Exterior of the Horse. — General Pathology. : Final :— Materia Medica and Therapeutics. — Internal and External _ Pathology. — Operative Surgery. — Practical Obsetrics. — Bacteriology. — Medical Clinics on the patient. — Descriptive and Practical Anatomy. — Ve- 1erinary Hygiene. — Contagious diseases of animals. The Christmas examinitions, both oral and written, were brilliant. During both terms about 35 operations were performed by the students on living subjects and the third year students obtained the note very good. They devote particular attention to this branch and operate very skillfully. During the session they treated in the infirmary over 450 subjects viz : 402 horses, 43 dogs, 2 cows and 4 cats ; also several fowl. Apart from this work, they accompany the head of the infirmary when he attends at the partu- rition of animals or dresses their sores either within or without the city. Thus the session of 1902-03 was most fully employed and quite a success. The number of students has increased in the past three years. Judging by the applications I have received we shall have a good contingent of new students this year again. i 7 q Doctors of Veterinary Medicine :—P. Dubois, J. C. Reid, A. Rousseau, OE A. Ratté, J. F. Charlebois, J. R. Séguin, A. Fréchette, C. E. Derome. as GRADUATES OF 1902-1903. Bachelors of Veterinary Medicine :—J. E. Lemieux, J. P. A. Houde, J. | A. Houde, M. Jacques, E. Durocher, and J. Mauffette. Some of the 2nd. and 3rd. year students were not successful in the exami- nations at the end of the year, but, under the rules of the school, they can pre- sent themselves again in the month of October next. The Statement of Receipts and Expenditure of the School for the year — 1902-1903 is as follows : e RECEIPTS Goveimemtyematat ain ers aoe ken anise | aire noe areata $ 2,000.00 Stucemtsmereeshevale . she Oe.) etewe say eee, een eS 40.00 Balanee from! 1QO24% 52,0!) \scl wake tae ee 7.93 TO tall pox 04 CONTA wi ate has tee $ 2,047.93 E,XPENDITURE. Rardisto pve) Ouray sh every cemm apo ota eee $ 15.00 aid: Mr. Gatien, examiner eqn os eee oe 2.00 . ~ Trip to Quebec and expenses of the management 28.75 Paid a Pateae aril 08 Seen Oe Neath Seg Oh eng arene 47.40 Paidsexaminers; LOO3?.t ev siwciccvoghe Vee ee eee 10.00 Dinners to Examiners, Professors and Assessors 13.55 Purchase of horses for operations and dissection 25.50 $ 142.20 $ 2047.93 142.20 Remainder ..2.... $ ®os.73 Paid, Professors..3 2/5). scm ik nate aaa eee eee eae 1903.40 Balance on hand ....... $ 2.33 Before concluding this report, | am happy to inform you that this year’s examinations were more satisfactory than the previous ones. They took place in the presence of two examiners representing your Department (Drs. Vignault of Three Rivers and Gatien of St. Hyacinthe) and of two assessors appointed by the Board of Veterinary Surgeons of the Province of Quebec (Drs. G. Boyer of Rigaud and Mr. Piché of Montreal). These two latter were astonished at the answers given by the candidates for admission to prac- tice to the difficult quéstions put them by the professors. The School is hap- py to have attained its end : the training of veterinary surgeons capable of being of use to farmers and stock-breeders when their services are required for sick animals. This result is due to the practical education we give and we hope that, with a little assistance from you and some subscriptions from perons who take special interest in our schools, we shall soon succeed in procuring what is essentially necessary for modern instruction : a laboratory wherein professors and students may devote themselves to experimental study which renders such services at the present day, both to human and veterinary medi- cine. Trusting that the above remarks will be well received by you, the Laval Veterinary School ventures to hope that, following the example of your pre- decessors, you will grant it the little it will ask later on. I have the honor to be, Sir : Your most obedient servant V. T. DAUBIGNY, Director & Secretary. 286 OFFICIAL LABORATORY OF THE PRO- VINCE OF QUEBEC Hon. ADELARD TURGEON, Minster of Agriculture, Quebec. e Sir, é I have the honor to submit my report on the operations of the Official Laboratory for the year 1903-04. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, : ALL: LOURCHOM¢ Director. During the greater part of the year 1903-04, owing to the laboratory not being organized on a sufficient footing for all the analyses I was asked to make, I devoted myself to’ verifying the instruments and test solutions used in dairy- ing,—( beginning of the verification bureau). Our neighbors in the State of New York passed an act, on the 19th. April 1900, amending the agricultural laws governing tests for determinig the pro- portion of fatty substances in milk. These regulations apply to cheese factories and creameries (chap. 544). | ‘They enact that no person may supply any cheese factories.or creameries with milk with which water has been mixed, or unclean, impure or unwhole- some milk, or adulterated by an admixture of impure or skim-milk, except skim-millk for factories making skim-mill cheese. This act clearly defines the manner in which tests for fats are to be made : | in the Babcock test, phials used are to be verified by the director of the expe- rimental station at Geneva ; no bottle is to be delivered to manufacturers nor be used by them without being examined and duly marked. bi 287 The acid used in the Babcock test by manufacturers must be examined from time to time by qualified chemists in the employ of the Commissionner of Agriculture ; if not of sufficient strength its use is forbidden. i - Chapter 559 enacts the penalties for infringement of the regulations con- _ cerning tests and the quality of the milk taken to the factories. - Every person infringing such regulations is liable to a fine of not less than $25.00 nor more than $100.00 for each offence. Any person who takes or causes to be taken to a creamery or cheese fac- tory owned or operated by a co-operative association, any milk with which water has been mixed, unclean, impure, unwholesome milk or adulterated with impure or partly skimmed-milk, must pay to the State of New York a sum of $50.00 for the first and $150.00 for any subsequent offence. One half this sum is paid into the hands of the State treasurer, one fourth into those of the county treasurer and the remaining fourth to the treasurer of the co-operative association in the same manner as the other receipts. When the infringement consists in making or producing a prohibited ar- ticle, every day or part of a day on which such making or producing is finished or continued is considered as constituting so many infringements of the regu- lation. _ When the infringement consists in the sale, offering for sale or the ex- change of any prohibited article or substance, the sale of every package con- stitutes a separate infringement and every day or part of a day on which such articles or substances are employed or furnished, for use, constitutes a separate ‘infringement ; and the act of supplying or of being supplied constitutes an in- “fringement for every person, ma Whosoever, by himself or with any other person, infringes any of the provisions of articles 2 & 3 of sections gt and 92 of the Agriculture Act, is + guilty of a misdemeanor and, on conviction, incurs a penalty of not less than © © $25.00 nor more than $200.00, or an imprisonment of not less than one nor more than six months or merely a fine and, imprisonment for the first and six months for the second offence. This act is to come in force at once, It would be very desirable to have similar laws and regulations adopted in this province both as regards the Babcock tests and the materials for the same, the instruments and test solutions used in dairying and the mill supplied to the factories. If instruments and measures be used it is evidently to assist makers and not to mislead them. This end cannot be attained without verification. In many instances the instruments, being incorrect, do harm instead of serving as a guide. The necessity of organizing a verification bureau had long been felt ; in- spectors and makers called for instruments on which they could rely in doing their work. Everything had to be provided for: the instruments found incorrect when checked might be sold over and over again and be brought many times for verification. I therefore deemed it advisable to mark the word “ correct” — or indicate the correction to be made in case of instruments that could be used with my signature as guarantee ; and all the defective instruments rejected were marked R. with my signature. These marks are engraved on the glass and cannot be effaced. Various apparatus are likewise used in butter and cheese factories to show the makers the acidity of the milk they are to use ; in practice it is neces- sary to obtain alkaline solutions of a given strength and strictly corrected. Here again constant verification is needed ; for what would be the use of employing accurate instruments if the solutions filling them are not equally so? It was therefore absolutely necessary that the instruments and solu- tions should be accurate. I therefore had to verify, to make these solutions strictly accurate so: that everything might be uniform and work properly. This has been well re- ceived by the trade and by the public. ‘Two firms in St. Hyacinthe that sup- ply dairy instruments and materials have had their instruments and solutions verified by me and sell only what I accept and mark. It may therefore be said that at present the verification bureau exists, that it is recognized, accepted and solicited by the trade and by the public. This is a first step I have gained. During the year 762 instruments were tested ; the details are given in the following table : es me ahh oh im y ‘ ies eat Moe i> ii a . st 7 aa ? nd / * é 4 Pus 3 2 t ” ; mack ¥ on APPARATUS TESTED Accurate Rejected Total PeMCOSIIMETEES ate. . 2,2 | cheese Sa HOF 74 137 EMMOMelers - 662... 2. ee 2.6 807 45 155 200 BES eras Sie ey aca’: 2S, Nie aes RARER 22 4 26 6 fo) 8 6 2 8 , Ba 157 102 229 Ke Babeock phials (sleien milk) Heed ees S50 57 69 120 Grand Total 7. ci 356 406 762 Detiould observe that, at the outset, a great many Babcock phials for nilk had to be rejected ; at present the percentage is barely one fourth, e at the beginning it was about three fourths. This imppeyenteat is ma- stly due to the wholesome influence of verification. The combined lacto-densimeters (that is with thermometers ) are seldom d to be accurate ; when the lacto-densimeter is right the thermome- e wrong and vice-versa. Moreover if one part be broken the other is no s to thermometers they are, as a rule, very defective. Of the kind sold 5 cents for two, it is rare to find more than two or three acceptable out of f three or four dozen. In this case the saying that the cheapest is often dearest is a true one. It would be better to use good instruments, tested and guaranted, which probably cost 50 cents each. _During seven months I prepared more than 40 gallons of the alkaline so- for neutralizing. This allowed of uniformity of working in most of tordes, besides what was used in the school. . good many manufacturers are not yet in the habit of using the acidi- meter and tested alkaline solutions, which is to be regretted. Several, how- ever, procured the neecssary instruments last season and others will do so Vext spring. ave no doubt that in the near future every intelligent maker, and every fishing to do well will use tested intruments and solutions. OTe ie we, =e - a ae kw By 290 == I devoted a portion of my time to finding out how black swamp earth could be utilized and I made several trials and experiments. ‘The conclusion I have arrived at is that it is a pity to leave these deposits unused. A remunerative use might be made of them : 1.—As I have demonstrat- ed, by using this damp turf, containing from 40 to 60 percent of water, in mak- ing lighting and heating gas, the cost of which would not be more than from 7 to 100 cents per 100 cubic feet, provided that the peat-bog be not far away ; 2.—By making masses of various shapes and volumes or agglomerated, for fuel as an auxiliary to wood ; 3.—By making manure, taking advantage of the property possessed by that earth of absorbing smells and liquids more or less, according to quality ; by using it as litter in stables and even in country houses, to the benefit of hy- giene, in portable closets which can fit anywhere in any space in houses (Mr. T. Macfarlane’s system) ; 4.—By turning these lands to account by means of a rational and proper use of chemical fertilizers. This black earth is an incomplete soil deficient in nearly all the mineral substances necessary for vegetation and indispensable for the proper growth of cereals, vegetables and plants generally, By supplying it with what it needs, it can profitably be transformed into first class soil. Ten acres of black soil can be worked as easily as one acre of heavy soil. These swamp lands, consisting almost of entirely of humus and conse- quently rich in nitrogen, possess a value that cannot be overlooked, as nitro- gen is the most expensive element in chemical fertilizers. By gradually removing these peat deposits, future treasures are destroyed. I endeavored to demonstrate these things to the farmers, not by words, but by deeds, which carry more weight. , On a tract of 22 arpents seeded on the 20th. and 22nd. June 1903, with oats, in St. Dominique swamp, after the grain sprouted, I marked off five lots of the same size taken at hap-hazard in the field. The area of each lot was about one fifth of an arpent ; they were the property of Messrs. P. Guilbert and Ad. Mongeaud. These five squares were surrounded on all sides by the oats of the field ; a month afterwards the experimental lots formed blots on the remainder of the field. ; The fertilizer was scattered broad-cast on the rith. July 1903, 19 or 20 291 days after the seeding. Four weeks afterwards these squares could easily be distinguished from the remainder of the field and this was easily noticed until ‘the crop was harvested. A Plot No 1, without any fertilizer, was the test plot ; the oats were stunt- ed, the stalks thin and did not bunch. The vegetation itself showed there was something lacking. | awd Plot No 2, with nitrate (150 lbs to the arpent) made no better showing than No 1 ; the difference was that the oats of this plot had more leaves than in No 1, but did not rise to any height. This is easily explained. The black earth is already rich in nitrogen, of which it contains from 2.25 to 2.60 per cent ; it is very rich even in comparison with the other elements that are al- most entirely lacking. By adding nitrate, the proportion of nitrogen is exaggerated still more without increasing that of the other habitual constituents of every cultivable soil. Experience has confirmed these previsions and theory is in perfect accord with practice. ' Plot No 3, with sulphate of potassium and acid phosphate of lime in the proportion of 150 lbs of the former and 500 lbs of the latter to the arpent. This plot yielded very remarkable results. The oats were very thick not be- cause there were more plants, but because each plant stooled, the ear robust, the grain thick and well filled, with few leaves on the straw. This plot present- ed a fine appearance in striking contrast with the two former and with the re- mainder of the field. The vegetation on this lot lasted longer than that on the No 1 and even on No 2 ; this is explained by the fact that the vegetation on No 1 was arrest- ed through lack of nutritive elements, while on lot No 2 the nutritive elements had been added in sufficient quantity and the vegetation was not arrested as on the other. As to No 2 the object of the experiment was merely to show by cultivation that nitrate was not needed for that soil, that it was rather inju- rious than useful and, in any case, that the expenditure in nitrate was super- -fluous. No 4, with sulphate of potash 150 lbs, acid phosphate 500 lbs nitrate 150 Ths to the acre. It is understood that in this report the word su/phate means ‘sulphate of potash ; phosphate or acid phosphate means acid phosphate of lime “or superphosphate ; nitrate means nitrate of soda. This lot also presented a very fine appearance ; almost like No 3. The oats were a little taller and the ‘straw more leafy. ‘The effect of the nitrate made itself felt as in the case of No 2 which leads one to say that the nitrate makes the oats grow rank, 292 fi one had to grow oats or fodder the presence of nitrate in these soils might be an advantage ; but as grain is needed above all, the expenditure of nitrate would not be compensated by the surplus crop obtained. For this kind of soil, a mixture of sulphate of potash and of phosphate would produce the best crop, considering the expenditure of chemical fertilizers (sulphate and phosphate). I propose to continue these experiments next season in order to check them by those of this year, with plots at least double the size ; making only 3 :No 1 without fertilizer ; No 2 with phosphate and sulphate of potash ; No 3 with phosphate, sulphate and silicious lime. Lime and silica are most completely lacking in the black soil of St. Do- minique. As these two substances are factors in all vegetable soils, they should be added or at least tried. Last season was a very bad one for experiments owing to late frosts, ex- cessive drought and other irregularities. A similar series of experiments were made with barley on the same farm: the soil was seeded and divided after the grain sprouted ; the fertilizers were applied in the same order and proportions and the results were the same as with the oats. Nevertheless, barley, like buckwheat, seems to do better than oats in black swamp soil without manure. I also experimented with various kinds of vegetables and grain, the de- tails whereof are given in the following table. Sown on the 25th. June 1903, in rows, sprouted on the 3rd. July. ‘“er- tilizer added on the 14th. July. Celeriac ; White onions ; Carrots, three varieties ; White radishes ; Red radishes ; Black radishes ; Leeks, two kinds ; Celery ; Table beets ; White turnips ; Long parsnips ; Beans ; Peas, two sweet varieties ; Mangolds ; eee 293 Rape ; Japanese barnyard millet ; Sown broadcast on this same date : Poppies ; Canary seed ; Sown broadcast on the 3rd. July ; fertilizer added on the 14th. July : German millet ; Hungarian and Pearl millet ; White mustard ; Hemp ; The lot on which these experiments were made was divided into three longitudinal strips of the same width. No 1.— Strip without fertilizer. No 2.—100 lbs of suphate of potash, and 240 lbs. of phosphate to the acre. No 3.—100 lbs. of suphate of potash, 240 lbs. of phosphate and 125 lbs. of nitrate of soda to the acre. For the 60 rows, various vegetables, rape and Japanese millet. In plot No 1, without fertilizer, only rape, carrots, poppies, hemp and white mustard grew ; the other produced merely a stunted and pitiful vegeta- tion compared with No 2 and 3. Between the vegetation of No 2 and that of No 3 the difference is not per- ceptible and the use of the nitrate of soda does not seem determined. This difference does certainly represent the value of the nitrate used. Is the slight difference between these plots really due to the nitrogen of the nitrate or to the mineral soda part of the same nitrate of soda ? Here again with barley, as with oats, it is demonstrated that nitrate can- not be usefully and economically employed for this black soil of St. Domini- que. The combined use of sulphate of potash and soda gave excellent results and the mixture established its superiority with the various vegetables : leeks, beets, turnips, rape, Japanese millet, etc., etc. The addition of the nitrate caused only a difference in the greater height of the plants. Judging by the analyses I made of various specimens of this soil which I had previously obtained, the quantity of nitrogen was amply sufficient ; what it lack was : potash, phosphoric acid (phosphate), lime, silica ; in a word all the mineral substances. 294 As regards all that was sown late, on the 3rd. July : German millet, Hun- — grian millet, Japanese millet, (Pearl) white mustard, hemp, the mixture of — sulphate and phosphate also showed itself superior. The nitrate applied 11 or 12 days after seeding does not seem favorable — to white mustard ; the plot without chemical fertilizer had the thickest growth. The salts of the chemical fertilizers, applied under the above conditions, that is a few days after the plants appeared above the ground, would thus — cause white mustard to partly disappear as they do in the case of wild mustard and other weeds. Soils fertilized solely with chemical fertilizers are almost entirely free from weeds ; the contrary is the case for those where fresh barnyard manure is exclusively used. The nitrate seemed to have caused the hemp to partly disappear. It is su- perfluous to add anything more ; it is sufficiently demonstrated that the addi- tion of nitrate is not necessary in such soils. I would call special attention to the fact which results from these experi- ments without the slightest doubt. viz : that white mustard, hemp, and rape can be grown in the black swamp soil of St. Dominique without the addition of any fertilizer ; but they grow much more vigorously when sulphate of potash and phosphate are added, as stated above. These four plants : white mustard, hemp, poppies and rape are plants with oleaginous seeds which may contain from 20 to 32 per cent of available oil ; our farmers might grow them in their black swamp soils where they grow well enough without the addition of anything. White mustard in flower makes excellent honey almost equal to that of clover ; the seeds are an excellent winter food for fowl, make them lay well and keep their plumage in fine condition. The leaves of this mustard when fed green to milch-cows increase the proportion of fatty matters im milk. Some nations are so well aware of this that they call it the butter plant. The flowers of rape are also eagerly sought by bees and the honey they make from them is of very good quality like that from colza. The value of rape as fodder is well known. We must go to neighboring countries for all kinds of oil and a conside- rable amount of our money is sent abroad for them. Why not keep that a8 money at home and use the oleaginous seeds for the benefit of the country ? Maw, or poppy, grows very well in Canada and its seeds supply the fin- est table oil, after olive-oil, of course. It must be admitted that, in too many instances, the imported olive-oil sold under that name is nothing but a mixture of olive and poppy oil and sometimes even only the later colored yellow. It is the white oil of European commerce. This applies only to the best olive oil sold at a high price ; the common, cheap kind is made of cotton seed and comes from the United States. I have undertaken these these various experiments with a view of deter- mining the most favorable moment for applying chemical fertilizers. In all cases where fertilizer contained nitrate, it seemed injurious when applied at seeding time on black soil as well as on loam. It was otherwise with sulphate of potash and phosphate. When applied to or 12 days after seeding and afterwards only 4 or 5 days from the time the plants appeared above ground, the nitrate fertilizer was again hurtful, as a rule ; the plants were too young and too tender and the nitrate seemed to hurt them. The mixture of phosphate and sulphate, applied under the same condi- tions, seemed to slightly exhaust the young plants. When applied 20 or 22 days after seeding that is 12 days after the plants showed above ground, the nitrate did not produce the bad effect above stated. The mixture of phosphate and sulphate did not exhaust the young plants that were sufficiently old and hard to stand the chemical fertilizers. These various experiments show that in the case of black swamp earth the best time for applying the chemical fertilizer would be about fifteen days after the plants show above ground, , This series of experiments should he repeated during the season 1904 to confirm the results already obtained. This year, as I have already observed, was exceptionally dry and irregular ; the drought may have entered as a fact- or and affected the results of the experiments. Before concluding the first part of my report for the present year, I must mention various examinations I was called upon to make in connection with animals that died of causes unknown to the farmers or veterinary surgeons. I looked for the bacteria contained in the blood of those animals and I found in two cases that the disease was symptomatic anthrax, due to the ba- cillus of Chauveau. 296 Most of the animals (bovide), which die from unknown causes, succumb to the attacks of symptomatic anthrax ; in many cases the veterinary surgeon who is called in cannot pronounce surely without the blood, bile and organs being examined to find, beyond a doubt, the bacillus of Chauveau. Frequently the internal organs are but slightly changed and the appear- ance of the blood has not altered much. This renders the veterinary sur- geon’s examination difficult. Although the Federal Department of Agriculture has a complete sani- tary branch with a staff whose duty it is to watch contagious disease in live stock, I considered, under the circumstances, that it was my duty to go beyond the limits of my attributions because the cases were exceedingly urgent, in order to assist and guide the veterinary surgeons in the diagnosis of the «li- sease. Symptomatic anthrax which probably resembles septicemia rather than true anthrax, is due to the bacillus anthracis ; it is an exceedingly contagious disease and rather frequent in our stables and pastures. The dangerous and contagious nature of the disease it due to the resist- ance of the spores to:age and to cold. They have been noted after 10 and 15 years and over, even when exposed to the cold of winter ; these spores had retained their vitality and awaited only a favorable moment to find a medium in which they might develop. Thus, last autumn, in a pasture on a road leading to St. Dominique, 2 large heifers that were stabled in the afternoon died in the evening ; the only symptom noticeable was that one was slightly lame when she left the pasture. The owner sent for me. I proceeded to the spot, examined the cattle ; I then recommended that the veterinary surgeon be sent for, which was done. I then went to the pasture where I found another large heifer lying down with a dim eye and dejected look ; I told the owner of the pasture to tell the owner of the animal to come and get it at once. He did so the same evening and the animal was not considered to be ill. Next morning the young cow was dead ; the veterinary surgeons brought some of the blood in which I found, beyond a doubt, the Chauveau bacillus of symptomatic anthrax. As additional precaution I had recourse to coloring water following the method of the grain. On my recommendation and that of the veterinary surgeons the animal was cremated. As I have already observed, the spores of this anthrax resist 2 si i Meas | ride diy ao 207, ee action of time and cold ; it is necessary to have recourse to heat, e ais two heifers alluded to died of the same disease ; they were giv rine breeder according to the very objectionable custom that prevails. en requested to do so in the interest of the public welfare. also sought for the bacteria of tuberculosis in meats sold to our people suspected of being unwholesome and of coming from animals attacked t disease. Iam happy to say that I could not find the bacillus of tuber- ; in such meats or in the blood. a Several complaints, more or less founded, were made to me by farmers with respect to seeds that were too old, which had not sprouted and conse- que ently had caused them damage. I resolved, as I wrote to the secretary of a am happy to say that the advantage of this has been appreciated by te a just as the testing of intruments has been. This is a good move which will benefit varies and it is the se oint I have a cn 298 TABLE SHOWING THE RESULTS Name of the person who supplied the milk SHO Mercleresccessececeee Jen@) Uliessierccssseeacees Vitalis Boucher...........- Vitalis Boucher......-.--.. A. Forget& Partenais.... Chagnon @hagnony ve: ceeteecs- rece Dairy School of St Hyacinthe.......... M. E. Bourdeau............ Chapnoniecesseccrssusceseeart @hapnon!seesecacessserecoe es Plante Chagnon Chagnon IP) sin fief nach cssssscescestinepa st Address Chambly-Bas Chambly-Bas Chambly-Bas Chambly-Basin S.Anne des P Magean Veolceasen Nobmenog Jaines Co, Terrebonne St-Hyacinthe St-Hy acinthe.,........ coming from Montréal...........006: St-Hyacinthe......... St-Hyacinthe......... St-Hyacinthe......... St-Hyacinthe..,...... St-Hyacinthe........ St-Hyacinthe......... Acidity Date of reception in degrees 20 October 1903...).0.0. cS... 22 October 1908...}...-...008. 16 November 1903..|...... --++- 25 November 1903..|...... ..--. 19 December 1908...|...--...+.+: 23 Febuary 1904...]............ 26 Febuary 1904...|..-......-. 26 Febuary 1904...]..-.......- 28 Febuary 1904...) 22 3 March 1904...) 19 7 March 1904... 11 7 March 1904... 173 8 March 1904... ily 10 March = 1904... 17 Density at + 60° F. 1.025,4 1.0 1.0385 1.029.5 12.84 Fat No Fats % | 299 OF 14 ANALYSES OF MILK Caséine Lanctose Remarks 914 9/16 5/33 8155 4/06 7\01 7\79 3.09 5.23 4.22 5.50 4.20 5.47 ” 7|60 8.75 4.94 Partly skimmed Partly skimmed Milk brought to factory, is mixed with water; taking general average of milk as basis, it contains 87% of water added Taking general average of milk asa basis; it contains 52% of water added Water added Water added Contains neither boric acid, nor borax, nor farmaline Cow too recently calved; milk viscuous to microscope, mem- branes, epithelia ete. Cow recently calved Trade milk, sold as such, with water added, about 3 tenths Cow recently calved Cow recently calved Pure milk 300 The pure milk sent by Mr. Vitalis Boucher was as follows : Water (natural proportion) .... ..... 86.54 Babin Aint penie/ ih: Sewers ht, fee 4.91 Caseine, lactose and soluble salts ...... 8.55 The adulterated factory milk sent by Mr. Vitalis Boucher was as f lows : Pure: mille, oC oo asap eset pee 62.50 Weatercaddediin steease teenie tina cnce AO 100.00 The milk from the St. Hyacinthe Dairy School tested at the request Mr. E. Bourbeau, which milk: came from Montreal, was as follows : Water (natural proportion) ...... 88.25 LET PAREN A A oR ie Cig co > 3.43 Caseiner Wenn eens Teds co's leis Ghee abe 3.09 Lactose and other soluble salts 5-23 100.00 The milk sent by Messrs A. Forget and Partenais, greatly adulterated was as follows : ; Pure smile) Ypeoncl ucts, sve ete ae otek enerere 48.00 Water added? ciate: - < . .volt stimmeniarre 52.00 100.00 Water (natural proportion) ...... ... 87.16 Prats). )eviel! thieetene osc). Shen 4.16 Caseine® 25. cp Wiestaine 0) + shalt aneeeS 3.75 Lactose and other salts ;ckiin. ueclen 4-93 __ VARIOUS ANALYSES | + 9:79 86.91 50 2.80 100.00 7th. November, 1903. me from Mr. Dhervillez of Calais, sent by Mr. Jonas of Montreal. ogen, stated to be 2 per cent. Nitrogen found 0.57 per cent. se fe . . . . ain number of qualitative analyses of various substances and mi- — ascertained that from 15 to 40 per cent of seeds could germinate. ended that these seeds be not used in any case. early frosts of the late season had probably affected the seeds before AL i TOURCHOT: ‘ 16th. March 1904. ‘ sie 17th. October 1903.08 eh 302 COUNCIL OF ARTS AND MANUFACTURES OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1902-1903 Hon. ADELARD TURGEON, : Minister of Agriculture, Quebec. Sir, We have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the various schools connected with the Council for the year 1902-1903. During the year we opened nine schools in various parts of the Province, VIZ Schools Number Number Pupils Average of of classes professors attendance Montreal Ma. Vata, tote 16 30 1005 634 Onehee sc... ue 9 9 284 141 By SnAtCy See TOI Wan cesta 8 7 355 190 Valleyfield mee 2 2 42 35 [RAL ae Me 2 2 106 48 Sherbrooke .... 2 2 71 41 St-Hyacinthe ... 3 6 146 93 Three Rivers .... 2 2 86 2 Fraserville 2 2 62 25 40 68 2217 1240 The number of schools was nine, while last year there were only eigiit schools. ‘There is also a considerable increase in the number of pupils, this yeatr—4.34. eo 393 anicipal authorities seem to take little interest in,these schools. Neverthe- Council of Arts and Manufactures is very anxious to establish one on t of the Federal Government workshops situated there from which a umber of pupils might be obtained. It is therefore of opinion that be- king any steps it would be better to wait until the town applies to the of Arts. ou wil find further on the report of the Fraserville school which was ated during the course of the school year. tir yearly grant has been increased from $13.000 to $15.000 which has d us to open new classes in several schools and to keep them open long- in previous years. he schools of Sherbrooke, St-Hyacinthe, Hull, Quebec and Levis were by the President and some members of the Council. ost of the schools held exhibitions of the work done during the sea- and specimens were collected and sent to Montreal for the yearly exhibi- n the Monument National which opens the class of free-hand drawing. \ public meeting takes place in connection with this exhibition at which prizes vill | be given to the most deserving pupils of the Montreal school. 4 ‘These yearly exhibitions show the public the object of the institution and : the Government is doing to improve the position of mechanics by giv- ss 4 gem ee instruction in praying and industrial arts. MONTREAL SCHOOL i We received an application for the establishment of a course of mecha- al drawing in the east end of the town. We had no room in the central 1001, but we opened the class nevertheless through the kindness of the Cana- n Pacific Company who gave us the necessary accommodation. The course s followed by a great many pupils. In consekuence of the great increase in, the number of pupils who at- led the boot and shoe-making class, we deemed it advisable to establish an- t class in the same branch. oh 1 he number of pupils has been increasing to such an extent for some B04 years that many of those who applied for enrolment were unable to attend for a portion of the time owing to want of room and it is certainly time that we should be provided with more extensive quarters. We should especiaily call the attention of the Government to this point, for until we have larger rooms we shall have no other remedy than to have the classes in the daytime. We have no doubt that they will be assiduously attended. We hope that these representations which we make to the Government from time to time will be taken into serious consideration. QUEBEC SCHOOL New classes in electricity, printing and decorative painting were opened and were fairly well followed. An exhibition was held in the early part of May and was visited by a great many citizens, LEVIS SCHOOL A class of decorative painting was opened and was fairly well followed. On the occasion of the opening of this school, a public exhibition was held ; prizes, medals, books and other rewards were distributed to the most successful pupils of the previous year. Leading citizens of the town were good enough to hand the prizes to the pupils. VALLEYFIELD SCHOOL Although the number of pupils has not increased, the school has dore good work and the local committee who had charge of it last year was good enough to take charge again last winter and to visit the classes frequently. HULL SCHOOL DA reat many persons asked us to open a class in freehand drawing i ae we granted their request. ( <) eee 1g ‘at ithe mayor and councillors had charge of the school. Judging by eports, they visited it frequently. The classes are held in comfortable pplied by the ety free of charge. . oe St-HYACINTHE SCHOOL the disposal of the Council by the county council. We are in a posi- say that such installation is perfectly satisfactory for the present class- The building, heating and light were given to the Council free of charge. (ae ie THREE RIVERS SCHOOL . At the end of the school year an exhibition of the pupils’ drawings was. and prizes were distributed which were given by the bishop of tie dio- og the town and by some of the citizens. Mr. ee W. Rocheleau, the be said that SSE sie tes was made, i ¥, 306 FRASERVILLE SCHOOL Owing, in a great measure, to the efforts of the member for the county, Mr. Napoléon Dion, a school was opened in Fraserville in January 1903 and lessons in mechanical and architectural drawing were given to a good num- ber of young men and mechanics. As the Council is not represented in Fraserville,-the town organized a local committee the president whereof Mr. J. E. Pouliot, assisted by the other members of the committee, contributed greatly to the opening and putting in operation of the classes. The town supplied the rooms, heating and light free of charge. As a rule, the value of the results obtained by the teachings in our schools is acknowledge and a great many of our former pupils now hold important positions not only in Canada but also in the United States thanks to the les- sons they received in the Arts schools. On the whole, it may be said that the Council of Arts and Manufactures is doing a good work by giving the working classes and all who have a taste for the arts, the theoretical and practical instruction they need to improve their position in the world. You will see, below, the various branches taught in the Arts schools, as well as the number of pupils and their average attendance. This statement is very satisfactory compared with last year. 307 > STATEMENT SHOWING THE NUMBER OF PUPILS AND THE AVERAGE ATTENDANCE IN THE VARIOUS SCHOOLS FOR 1902-03 MONTREAL, SCHOOL, Opened 13th. October 1902 ; closed 3rd. April 1903. Classes Number of pupils Average attend. ag 1902-03 I9QOI-02 1903-02 IQOI-02 ~ Mechanical drawing (Mon. Nat.) .... me Freehand drawing, junior ....... .... Lope ye Tet 63 87 _ Making and painting signs ..... ..... 37 17 16 6 MTOdeMin eee tee 51 44 Boe ya RS a 2 18 TO} 5 = 2 _ Mechanical drawing (Mon. Nat.) .... 78 63 37 38 fee Mechanical drawing (Pt. St. C.) .... 35 33 2 2 _ Mechanical drawing (East end) ...... 35 — 20 — hs Making boot and shoe patterns ....... 1g 14 9 10 Making boot and shoe patterns ....... 17 — 9 — MeOMEE WOK .2.... 6.6.2 cee cece eee 37 2 16 12 Plumbing and hot-water fixtures ...... 47 41 36 33 Cutting and making clothes ...... ... 205° seal 142 2 a Solfeggio ...... ....... .. esse sees 178. 77, Q7 99 1065 939 634 618 es QUEBEC SCHOOL Opened 20th. October 1902 ; closed 3rd. April 1903. Classes Number of pupils Average attend. 1902-03 I9O0I-02 1903-02 1901-02- meenand drawing ..... ....%. .vs.e. 58 56 29 27 Mencwitectural drawing ...... 2... «-05 2 32 II II 1 aera om ere 5 14 11 7 Miecianical drawing ......, 4..0. ..- 15 12 8 7 SERVO so ac oes ogieh ella vale 39 32 19 16 “hsann i hig arr Ree erties 25 eg 40 42 14 10 ETO 5s) vise tics he pe Cs 48 -- 30 — Decorative PATTING . so nano he ancien Sy Ne 19 8 8 — EE IOIUY. c's. 5a uv chips a Miavete a edt n 15 — It — 284 1g6 I4l 78 sa at 4) 308 LEVIS SCHOOL “a Opened 1oth. October ; closed 30th. March 1903. Classes Number of pupils Average attend. | 1902-03 IQOI-02 1903-02 I901-02- Freehand drawing, Irst. year ..... A RERAG 25 34 18 Freehand drawing, 2nd. year ......... 70 53 41 31 Freehand drawing, senior ...... yen ee 19 17 10 Modeling. y-15, si-aiemtcts eaten 34 28 L7h = ako Ne nianbineea gS: Soames Godse coud sd 52 53 26 22 Mechanical drawing and lecture ....... Bey esLOO 22 44° (Ceometnye eee re See as tte 52 54 23 21 Decorative) painting = 85224... san eT —- IO _— Soo sae 190-156 VALLEYFIFLD SCHOOL Opened 13th. October 1902 ; closed 3rd. April 1903. Classes Number of pupils Average attend. 1902-03 IQOI-02 1903-02 IQOI-02- Archite chines’. pce ie er aie yamine ons 22 25 18 26 Mechanical drawing ...... ...... 20 32 17, 21 42 57 35: eee . HULL, SCHOOL Opened 3rd. November 1902 ; closed 24th. March 1903 Classes Number of pupils Average attend. 1902-03 I9QOI-02 1903-02 I901-02- Ereehamdrcdrawitie: 2% yeh 4) dae emer 55 (new course) 23 — Architectural drawing ../.2.\.20.4 one 51 49 25. ingee 3°99 SHERBROOKE SCHOOL, ‘ Opened 3rd. November 1902 ; closed 6th. April 1903 Classes _ ~ Number of pupils Average attend. 1902-03 IQOI-02 1903-02 IQOI-02- itectural drawing ...... ip eRe ae Ay 26 8 13 ech anical MATA WALISS fol putenen, «:. eer 54. 59 33 40 and drawing (not open) ........ — 23 — II Vi LOS: 41 64 ST. HYACINTHE SCHOOL aa Opened 3rd. November 1902 ; closed 18th. March 1903 Classes - Number of pupils Average attend. 1902-03 IQOI-02 1903-02 I901-02- ctural drawing ...... ..... a ee 22 17 14 anical drawing ..... epee er. ¥ i) 20 7) 14 14 ing and making clothes .......... 108 (newcourse) 63 — 146 39 94 28 THREE RIVERS SCHOOL, - Opened 25th. November 1902 ; closed 15th. April 1903. Classes Number of pupils Average attend. — " 1902-03 I9OI-02 1903-02 IgOI-02- Ws and and linear drawing ......... 86 62 32 28 \ FRASERVILLE SCHOOL BU Ose a4 Opened 14th. January 1902 ; closed irst. April 1903 4 Classes Number of pupils Average attend. \ ! ; 1902-03 I9OI-02 1903-02 IgOI-02- A Architectural drawing .... ..... BM Die 19 (new school) 7 —- Mecl afical drawing ...... ..... ira 434) -— 3 — 1, 62 — 25 a HOS. GAUTHIER President. Sy OYLUVESDRE: Secretary. ‘ , : AvP eeOr CONTENTS PAGE Agricultural school of Ste-Anne de la Pocatiére inigd Senn GO ames I Meemmereetaral school of Compton 12.665 jc els Se ee le edocs 8 meee school Of Oka ary. Smeets pel piss ie te = 2 eye wise cs. ot a iefats 15 Semmens School Of Roberval 7 teil tex winks eee Moe @ ote senses ale 2 21 PERSE. St-bvacinithe y.7.'jets = ciodinpes siete eo Peis stew eeeretee tile, Sleters, olavece 23 Agricultural Societies ‘and Farmers. Clubs mlist OF .\o-,....c8 usc ete 29 Statement of receipts and expenses of farmers’ clubs for the year ended RETIDEL; IQOL tiuio nee hntotiass ae ae ee widens vats tie 62 SMT RLCUICUTS, 1.8 2 Keg tea st vetnd chlor nw ot PPS eets osm viety 26 REEEMITILIONS 2.4... i Sonie's lace dias Taub scenes SO eee ee, BemCcAnCMerit Competition’ ...). shore ls Gatelgn ck Goes le cise ele shiek II4 Inspection Simbutter and’ cheesewtactomes: sam trek mee react & of teraiskeiers ies 236 Bxperimental fruit stations ........ ....... i giy Sete aa Rader Bag Re 255 SEs chool, Laval’. “neues. act y wekcdo ds ces «ok cy comaBe Arts and manufactures ....... ¥ MM a EAo wissen | Wiss » a-Si w Wai dleve 302 Laboratory, Official of the province of Quebec ....... ....0.000 cues 286 +4 i r ‘ . ; om ‘ ‘ ‘ pet gi , - f ts : ray “f Quebec (Province) Dept. of Agriculture and Colonization Rapport Biological & Medical Senals PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET SS UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY LL ~