[WiSr &&1 . Po fit % I ft* UMA? S/AMHERST* ft I Massachusetts ttural Heritage Program 3ia0bL,01b535073 VI IW> May 1989 < RARE NATIVE PLANTS OF MASSACHUSETTS EQUISETACEAE (Horsetails) Equisetum scirpoides Dwarf Scouring-rush SC LYCOPODIACEAE (Clubmosses) Lycopodium selago E Fir Clubmoss ISOETACEAE (Quillworts) Isoetes acadiensis E Acadian Quillwort I. macrospora E Lake Quillwort OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (Grape Ferns) Ophioglossum vulgatum T Adder's-tongue Fern SCHIZAEACEAE (Climbing Ferns) Lygodium palmatum SC Climbing or Hartford Fern HYMENOPHYLLACEAE (Filmy-ferns) Trichomanes sp. T a Filmy-fern ADIANTACEAE (Cliff Ferns) Cryptogramma stelleri T Fragile Rock-brake ASPLENIACEAE (TrueFems) Asplenium montanum E Mountain Spleenwort A. ruta-muraria T Wall-rue Spleenwort Polysrichum braunii E Braun's Holly-fern Woodsia glabella E Smooth Woodsia CUPRESSACEAE (Cedars, Junipers) Thuja occidentalis E Arborvitae SPARGANIACEAE (Bur-reeds) Sparganium minimum E Small Bur-reed POTAMOGETONACEAE (Pondweeds) Potamogeton friesii T Fries' s Pondweed P. hillii SC Hill's Pondweed P. strictifolius E Straight-leaved Pondweed SCHEUCHZERIACEAE (Pod-grasses) Scheuchzeria palustris T Pod- grass ALISMATACEAE (Arrowheads, etc.) Sagittaria calycina ssp. spongiosa E Estuary Arrowhead S. cuneata E Wapato S. subulata var. subulata E River Arrowhead S. teres SC Terete or Slender Arrowhead POACEAE (Grasses) Amphicarpum purshii Annual Peanutgrass Aristida purpurascens Purple Needlegrass A. tuberculosa Seabeach Needlegrass Deschampsia cespitosa var. glauca Tufted Hairgrass E T SC Division of Fisheries and Wildlife 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, Mass. 02202 (M7) 727-0104,-3151 Dichanthelium commonsianum SC Commons's Panic-grass D. mattamu skeeten se E Mattamuskeet Panic-grass D. wrightianum SC Wright's Panic-grass Diplachne maritima T Saltpond Grass Elymus mollis E Sea Lyme-grass E. villosus T Hairy Wild Rye Eragrostis frankii SC Frank's Lovegrass Milium effusum T Woodland Millet Panicum gattingeri SC Gattinger's Panic-grass P. longifolium T Long-leaved Panic-grass P. philadelphicum SC Philadelphia Panic-grass Poa languida E Drooping Speargrass Setaria geniculata SC Brisdy Foxtail Spartina cynosuroides SC Salt Reedgrass Sphenopholis nitida T Shining Wedgegrass £. pensylvanica T Swamp Oats Sporobolus neglectus E Small Dropseed Tripsacum dactyloides E Northern Gama-grass Trisetum triflorum ssp. molle E Spiked False-oats CYPERACEAE (Sedges) Carex alopecoidea T Foxtail Sedge £. baileyi E Bailey's Sedge £. bushii E Bush's Sedge £. castanea E Chestnut-colored Sedge £. chordorrhiza E Creeping Sedge £. davisii E Davis's Sedge £. flaccosperma var. glaucodea E Glaucescent Sedge £. formosa T Handsome Sedge £ gracilescens E Slender Woodland Sedge £. grayi T Gray's Sedge £. hitchcockiana SC Hitchcock's Sedge £. lenticularis T Shore Sedge £. livida var. radicaulis E Glaucous Sedge £. mesochorea E Midland Sedge £ michauxiana E Michaux's Sedge £. oligosperma T Few-fruited Sedge £. pauciflora E Few-flowered Sedge £. polymorph a E Variable Sedge £. schweinitzii E Schweinitz's Sedge £. sterili? T Dioecious Sedge £. striata var. brevis E Walter's Sedge £. tetanica SC Fen Sedge £. trichocarpa T Hairy-fruited Sedge £. tuckermanii E Tuckerman's Sedge £. typhina T Cat-tail Sedge £. wiegandii E Wiegand's Sedge Cyperus engelmannii SC Engelmann's Umbrella- sedge Eleocharis intermedia T Intermediate Spike-sedge E. microcarpa E Tiny-fruited Spike-sedge E. obtusa var. ovata E Ovate Spike-sedge Publication #16000-1 1-3000-6-89-C.R. Approved by: Ric Murphy, State Purchasing Agent Eleocharis tricostata E HAEMODORACEAE (Redroots, etc.) Three-angled Spike-sedge Lachnanthes caroliana SC Eriophorum gracile T Redroot Slender Cottongrass Psilocarva nitens T IRIDACEAE (Irises, etc.) Short-beaked Bald-sedge Sisvrinchium arenicola SC P. scirooides SC Sandplain Blue-eyed Grass Long-beaked Bald-sedge S. mucronatum T Rhvnchospora capillacea E Slender Blue-eyed Grass Capillary Beak-sedge R. inundata T ORCHIDACEAE (Orchids) Inundated Homed-sedge ADlectrum hvemale E R. torrevana E Putty-root; Adam-and-Eve Torrey's Beak-sedge Arethusa bulbosa T Scirpus fluviatilis SC Arethusa River Bulrush Corallorhiza odontorhiza SC $. longii E Autumn Coralroot Long's Bulrush CvDriDedium arietinum E S. pendulus SC Ram's-head Lady's-slipper Pendulous Bulrush C. calceolus var. parviflorum E Scleria oauciflora (2 vars.) E Small Yellow Lady's-slipper Papillose Nut- sedge C. reginae SC §. triglomerata E Showy Lady's-slipper Tall Nut-sedge Goodvera repens Dwarf Rattiesnake-plantain E ARACEAE (Arums) Isotria medeoloides FE, Arisaema dracontium T Small Whorled Pogonia Green Dragon Listera cordata E Orontium aquaticum T Heartleaf Twayblade Golden Club Malaxis brachvpoda White Adder's-mouth T ERIOCAULACEAE (Pipeworts) Platanthera cristata E Eriocaulon Darken E Crested Fringed Orchis Parker's Pipe wort P. dilatata Leafy White Orchis T JUNCACEAE (Rushes) P. flava var. herbiola T Juncus biflorus E Pale Green Orchis Two-flowered Rush Spiranthes romanzoffiana E J. debilis E Hooded Ladies'-tresses Weak Rush S. vernalis SC J. filiformis T Grass-leaved Ladies'-tresses Thread Rush Tipularia discolor E Luzula Darviflora ssp. melanocarpa E Cranefly Orchid Black-fruited Woodrush Triphora trianthophora E LILIACEAE (Lilies) Chamaelirium luteum Devil's-bit; Fairy Wand Nodding Pogonia; Three Birds SALICACEAE (Willows) Salix exigua Sandbar Willow £. serissima Autumn Willow SC SC BETULACEAE (Birches, Alders) Alnus viridis ssp. crispa SC Mountain Alder Betula pumila T Swamp or Fen Birch FAGACEAE (Oaks, Beeches) Ouercus macrocarpa SC Bur or Mossy-cup Oak Q. muhlenbergii SC Yellow or Muhlenberg's Oak MORACEAE (Mulberries, etc.) Morus rubra E Red Mulberry LORANTHACEAE (Mistletoes) Arceuthobium pusillum Dwarf Mistletoe SC POLYGONACEAE (Docks, Knotweeds) Polygonum puritanorum SC Pondshore Knotweed P. setaceum var. interiectum SC Strigose Knotweed Rumex pallidus T Seabeach Dock R. verticil latus T Swamp Dock CHENOPODIACEAE (Saltworts, etc.) Suaeda americana SC American Sea-blite PORTULACACEAE (Spring Beauties, etc.) Claytonia virginica T Narrow-leaved Spring Beauty CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Pinks, Sandworts) Minuartia michauxii SC Michaux's Sandwort Moehringia macrophylla T Large-leaved Sandwort Paronychia argyrocoma E Silverling Sagina nodosa ssp. nodosa T Knotted Pearl wort NYMPHAEACEAE (Water Lilies) Nuphar pumila T Tiny Cow-lily RANUNCULACEAE (Buttercups, etc.) Cimicifuga racemosa E Black Cohosh; Bugbane Clematis occidentals ,SC Purple Clematis Hydrastis canadensis E Golden Seal Ranunculus micranthus T Tiny-flowered Buttercup R. pensvlvanicus T Bristiy Buttercup MAGNOLIACEAE (Magnolias) Magnolia virginiana E Sweetbay Magnolia PAPAVERACEAE (Poppies, etc.) Adlumiafungosa T Climbing Fumitory BRASSICACEAE (Mustards) Arabis laevigata T Smooth Rock-cress A. lyrata T Lyre-leaved Rock-cress A. missouriensis T Green Rock-cress Cardamine douglassii E Purple Cress Q longii E Long's Bitter-cress Q. pratensis var. palustris T Fen Cuckoo Flower PODOSTEMACEAE (Threadfeet) Podostemum ceratophyllum SC Threadfoot CRASSULACEAE (Sedums) Crassula aquatica T Pygmyweed SAXIFRAGACEAE (Currants, etc.) Ribes lacustre SC Bristly Black Currant R. triste SC Swamp Red Currant ROSACEAE (Roses, Shadbushes) Agrimonia pubescens T Hairy Agrimony Amelanchier bartramiana T Bartram's Shadbush A. nantucketensis SC Nantucket Shadbush A. san guinea SC Roundleaf Shadbush Prunus pumila var. depressa SC Sandbar Cherry Rosa acicularis E Northern Prickly Rose Sorbus decora E Northern Mountain-ash Waldsteinia fragarioides SC Barren Strawberry FABACEAE (Beans, Peas, Clovers) Desmodium humifusum E Spreading Tick- trefoil OXALIDACEAE (Wood-sorrels) Oxalis violacea T Violet Wood-sorrel LINACEAE (Flaxes) Linum intercursum Sandplain Flax L. medium Rigid Flax SC T CALLITRICHACEAE (Water-Starworts) Callitriche anceps E Northern Water- starwort EMPETRACEAE (Crowberries) Corema conradii SC Broom Crowberry AQUIFOLIACEAE (Hollies) Ilex montana T Mountain Winterberry ACERACEAE (Maples) Acer nigrum SC Black Maple CLUSIACEAE (St. John's-worts) Hypericum adpressum T Creeping St. John's-wort H. ascvron (=pyramidatum') T Giant St. John's-wort H. hvpericoides ssp. multicaule E St. Andrew's Cross ELATINACEAE (Waterworts) Elatine americana E American Waterwort CISTACEAE (Rockroses, Pinweeds) Helianthemum dumosum SC Bushy Rockrose Lechea pulchella var. monoliformis E Beaded Pinweed VIOLACEAE (Violets) Viola adunca E Sand Violet V. brittoniana T Britton's Violet Y. nephrophylla T Northern Bog Violet CACTACEAE (Cacti) Opuntia humifusa T Prickly Pear LYTHRACEAE (Loosestrifes) Rotala ramosior E Toothcup MELASTOMATACEAE (Meadow Beauties) Rhexia mariana E Maryland Meadow Beauty ONAGRACEAE (Evening Primroses) Ludwigia polvcarpa T Many-fruited False-loosestrife L. sphaerocarpa T Round-fruited False-loosestrife HALORAGACEAE (Water-milfoils) Myriophyllum alterniflorum T Alternate-flowered Water-milfoil M. pinnatum SC Pinnate Water-milfoil ARALIACEAE (Ginsengs) Panax quinquefolius Ginseng SC APIACEAE (Parsleys, Angelicas) Conioselinum chinense SC Hemlock Parsley Hydrocotvle verticillata SC Saltpond Pennywort Sanicula canadensis T Canadian Sanicle £. gregaria T Long- styled Sanicle ERICACEAE (Laurels, Blueberries) Pyrola asarifolia var. purpurea E Pink Pyrola Rhododendron maximum T Great Laurel Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus E Mountain Cranberry GENTIANACEAE (Gentians) Gentiana andrewsii T Andrews's Bottle Gentian Halenia deflexa E Spurred Gentian Sabatia campanulata E Slender Marsh Pink S. kennedyana SC Plymouth Gentian £. stellaris E Sea Pink ASCLEPIADACEAE (Milkweeds) Asclepias purpurascens T Purple Milkweed A. verticillata T Linear-leaved Milkweed CONVOLVULACEAE (Morning Glories) Calystegia spithamaea E Low Bindweed HYDROPHYLLACEAE (Waterleaves) Hvdrophyllum canadense E Broad Waterleaf BORAGINACEAE (Borages) Mertensia maritima E Oysterleaf VERBENACEAE (Vervains) Verbena simplex E Narrow-leaved Vervain LAMIACEAE (Mints) Blephilia ciliata E Downy Wood-mint B. hirsuta E Hairy Wood-mint Lvcopus rubellus T Gypsywort Pvcnanthemum clinopodioides E Basil Mountain-mint Stachys palustris T Woundwort Trichostema brachiatum E False Pennyroyal SCROPHULARIACEAE (Figworts) Agalinis acuta FE,E Sandplain Gerardia Mimulus alatus E Winged Monkey-flower M- moschatus T Muskflower Pedicularis lanceolata E Swamp Lousewort Veronica catenata E Sessile Water- speedwell Veronicastrum virginicum SC Culver's-root LENTIBULARIACEAE (Bladderworts) Utricularia biflora T Two-flowered Bladderwort U. fibrosa T Fibrous Bladderwort U. subulata SC Subulate Bladderwort RUBIACEAE (Bedstraws, Bluets) Galium labradoricum SC Labrador or Fen Bedstraw Hedyotis Ion gi folia T Long-leaved Bluet CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Honeysuckles) Lonicera hirsuta E Hairy Honeysuckle Symphoricarpos albus var. albus E Snowberry Triosteum perfoliatum E Broad Tinker's-weed Viburnum rafinesquianum T Downy Arrowwood CAMPANULACEAE (Bluebells, Lobelias) Lobelia siphilitica T Great Blue Lobelia ASTERACEAE (Asters, Composites) Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa T Seaside Yarrow Artemisia campestris ssp. borealis E Boreal Wormwood Aster concolor E Eastern Silvery Aster A. infirmus E Cornel-leaved Aster A. prenanthoides SC Crooked-stem Aster A. tradescantii SC Tradescant's Aster Bidens eatonii T Eaton's Beggar-ticks B. hyperborea var. colpophila E Estuary Beggar-ticks Eupatorium aromaticum E Lesser Snakeroot E. leucolepis var. novae-angliae E New England Boneset Gnaphalium purpureum E Purple Cudweed Petasites frigid us var. palmatus T Sweet Coltsfoot Prenanthes serpentaria E Lion's Foot Sclerolepis uniflora E Sclerolepis Solidago macrophylla T Large-leaved Goldenrod £. ptarmicoides (=Aster p.) T Upland White Aster S. glutinosa ssp. randii E Rand's Goldenrod NOMENCLATURE Nomenclature follows that of Kartesz & Kartesz (1980), which incorporates many changes made since the major manuals (Fernald, 1950; Gleason, 1952) were published. Be advised that field guides and most reference works use the older nomenclature. Because of their relative scarcity or obscurity, many rare species have not acquired colloquial names; in such cases vernacular names have been coined. STATUS CODES FE = Listed as Federally Endangered by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. E = Endangered. Any reproductively viable native species which has been documented by biological research and inventory to be in danger of extirpation from the Commonwealth. T = Threatened. Any reproductively viable native species which has been documented by biological research and inventory to be rare or declining within the Commonwealth and which is likely to become endangered in the Commonwealth in the forseeable future. SC = Special Concern. Any native species which has been documented by biological research and inventory to be suffering a decline that could threaten the species in the Commonwealth if allowed to continue unchecked, or which occurs in such small numbers or with such a restricted distribution or specialized habitat requirements that it could easily become threatened The Massachusetts Code of Regulations (321 CMR 8:01) lists the rules and regulations relative to the establishment of the Commonwealth's list of endangered and threatened species. Prepared by Bruce A. Sorrie, Program Botanist, Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, 100 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02202. 8 HISTORICAL-This category of rare plants is not covered by the state's rare species list regulation (321 CMR 8.01) because none of these species is known to have a current population in Massachusetts. Should a population be rediscovered for any of them, that species would be recommended to be placed on the official list. The species are arranged taxonomically by family, then alphabetically. FAMILY EQUISETACEAE LYCOPODIACEAE POTAMOGETONACEAE ALISMATACEAE POACEAE CYPERACEAE JUNCACEAE ORCHIDACEAE SAURURACEAE AMARANTHACEAE CARYOPHYLLACEAE RANUNCULACEAE BRASSICACEAE ROSACEAE FABACEAE LINACEAE POLYGALACEAE LIMNANTHACEAE SPECIES Equisetum palustre Lycopodium alopecuroides L. carolinianum Potamogeton alpinus Echinodorus parvulus Calamagrostis pickeringii Dichanthelium scoparium Muhlenbergia capillaris Paspalum laeve var. circulare Puccinellia langeana ssp. alaskana Sporobolug heterolepig Carex deflexa Q. oligocarpa Q. peckii Q. willdenowii Eleocharis equisetoides E. fallax E. quadrangulata Scirpus ancistrochaetus &. hallii Juncus pervetus Platanthera ciliaris P. obtusata Saururus cernuus Amaranthus pumilus Cerastium nutans Ranunculus ambigens Draba reptans Crataegus bicknellii Cassia hebecarpa Desmodium sessilifolium Linum sulcatum Polygala senega Floerkea proserpinacoides vlMON NAME #HISTORICAL DATE LAST RECORDS OBSERVED Marsh Horsetail 2 1938 Foxtail Clubmoss 2 1914 Carolina Clubmoss 1 1980 Northern Pondweed 1 1864 Burhead 2 1920 Reed Bentgrass 4 1913 Broom Panic-grass 7 1931 Hairgrass 3 pre- 1920 Meadow Paspalum 1 1919 Northern Alkali-grass 5 1928 Northern Dropseed 1 1879 Slender-culmed Sedge 5 1920 Rich Woods Sedge 4 1921 Peck's Sedge 3+ 1957 Willdenow's Sedge 2 1897 Horsetail Spike-sedge 1 1920 Deceitful Spike-sedge 2 1934 Squarestem Spike-sedge 2 1908 Barbed-bristle Bulrush 1 1928 Hall's Bulrush 2 1931 Cape Cod Rush 1-2 1928 Orange Fringed Orchis 9 1934 Bluntleaf Orchis 2 1879 Lizard's Tail 1 pre- 1850 Seabeach Amaranth 3-4 1849 Nodding Chick weed 3 1919 Spearwort 10+ 1946 Carolina Whitlow- grass 2 1901 Bicknell's Hawthorn 6 1919 Wild Senna 17+ 1934 Sessile-leaved 6 1934 Tick-trefoil Grooved Flax 3 1915 Seneca Snakeroot 1 1919 False Mermaid 1 1915 LYTHRACEAE Cuphea viscosissima Blue Waxweed 3 1940 APIACEAE Angelica venenosa Hairy Angelica 3 1911 ERICACEAE Pterospora andromedea Pinedrops 1 pre- 1850 BORAGINACEAE Cvnoglossum boreale Northern Wild Comfrey 5 1906 Onosmodium virginianum False Gromwell 12 1920 LAMIACEAE Agastache scrophulariifolia Purple Giant Hyssop 6 1920 Scutellaria integrifolia Hyssop Skullcap 2 pre- 19 10 SCROPHULARIACEAE Castilleia coccinea Painted Cup 43 1939 Penstemon hirsutus Hairy Beardtongue 5+ 1940 Schwalbea americana Chaff seed 9 1963 RUBIACEAE Galium bpreale Northern Bedstraw 7+ 1929 ASTERACEAE Aster praealtus Tall Aster 1 1894 Gnaphalium helleri Heller's Everlasting 7 1919 Lactuca hirsuta Hairy Wild Lettuce 20 1932 var. san guinea Solidago hispida Hispid Goldenrod 6 1933 S. rigida Stiff Goldenrod 4 1936 REFERENCES FOR FIELD BOTANISTS Brown, L. 1979. Grasses; An Identification Guide. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Simplified keys & drawings of some common northeastern species. Very helpful for beginners. Also treats some sedges and rushes. Cobb, B. 1956. A Field Guide to the Ferns. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Keys, drawings, descriptions of all northeastern species. Crow, G.E. 1982. New England's Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants. US Fish & Wildlife Service. Descriptions and range maps of 101 species; drawings of 75. Elias, T.S. 1980. The Complete Trees of North America: Field Guide and Natural History. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Descriptions, drawings, range maps of all species. Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th Ed. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York. Keys & detailed descriptions of all species; some drawings. Gleason, H.A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Keys, drawings, detailed descriptions of all species. Beware the Dover publication (1970), a reprint of the 1913 edition, now badly out of date. 10 Hellquist, C.B. & G.E. Crow. 1980-85. Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham. Series of booklets with keys, drawings, brief descriptions, range maps of all species. Kartesz, J.Y. & R. Kartesz. 1980. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Technical, with up-to-date nomenclature and synonyms. Revision expected 1990. Luer, C.A. 1975. The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Keys, descriptions, color photos, range maps of all species. The definitive work. Mitchell, R.S., editor. 1978-. Contributions to a Flora of New York State. NY State Museum, Albany. Continuing series of booklets, each covering specific families or genera. Keys, detailed descriptions, drawings, New York range maps of all species. Extremely useful for New England. Includes medicinal and economic values. Newcomb, L. 1977. Newcomb's Wildflower Guide. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. Simplified keys, drawings (some color), brief descriptions of most northeastern species. Peterson, R.T. & M. McKenny. 1967. A Field Guide to the Wildflowers. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. Arranged by color of flowers. Drawings (many in color), brief descriptions of most northeastern species. Ricketts, H.W. 1965. Wildflowers of the United States. Vol.1, the Northeastern States. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Color photos, brief descriptions of nearly all northeastern species; simplified keys. Seymour, F.C. 1989. The Flora of New England. 3rd ed. Available from the New England Wild Flower Society, Hemenway Rd., Framingham, MA 01701. Keys, county ranges, blooming dates of all species; some drawings. Slightly revised from 1969 edition published by Turtle. Soper, J.H. & M.L. Heimburger. 1982. Shrubs of Ontario. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. Keys, descriptions, drawings, Ontario range maps of all species. Very useful in N.E. Voss, E.G. 1972, 1985. Michigan Flora. Parts 1&2, Gymnosperms through Dogwoods. Cranbrook Institute of Science and Univ. of Michigan Herbarium, Bloomfield Hills. Keys, Michigan range maps of all species; some drawings & color photos. Up-to-date taxonomy, much habitat info; very useful for New England. Wherry, E.T. 1961. The Fern Guide. Doubleday & Co., Garden City. Keys, drawings, descriptions of all northeastern species. 1 1 ^ ) )