y
THE RECORD
OP
THE ROYAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON
THIRD EDITION
ENTIRELY REVISED AND REARRANGED
LONDON \o
PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY
AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AND SOLD BY HENRY FROWDE, AMEN CORNER, E.G.
1912
Q
PREFACE
THE first edition of this work appeared in the year 1897 under the editorship of the two Secretaries, the late Professor Michael Foster and Professor A. W. Riicker. Its object was to provide a compendium of information, largely historical, regarding the rise and progress, the organization and work of the Royal Society. A new edition was proposed to be issued every five years, comprising such alterations and additions as time might show to be necessary ; but eventually the Council arranged that a second edition should be published at the end of the year 1901 as an appropriate date at the beginning of a new century. The chief feature in the second edition was the inclusion of two lists of the Fellows of the Society from its foundation, one arranged chronologically, the other alphabetically. In the preparation of these lists much difficulty was experienced in veri- fying some of the earlier names, and the lists were consequently not quite complete or accurate.
Experience has shown that as the Annual ' Year-book ' contains the requisite information regarding the current affairs of the Society, and as the ' Record ' deals mainly with matters of historical interest, the interval of five years, originally con- templated for the appearance of the successive editions of the latter volume, is too short a period to warrant the labour and expense which would be involved in such a frequent .reissue. The approaching celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Society's foundation seemed, however, to the President and Council to be an appropriate occasion for preparing a new edition of the ' Record ' which should be thoroughly revised and brought up to the present condition of the Society. Hence the present third edition is now issued.
The material of the volume has been rearranged, and for convenience of reference has been divided into chapters, in the preparation of which the officers and the clerical staff have
iv PREFACE
co-operated. The Treasurer, Sir Alfred B. Kempe, has revised and brought up to date the * Notes on the History of the Statutes' in Chapter III. and the account of the history and objects of the various Trusts of the Society forming Chapter IV. The Sir Joseph I, armor, M.P.. and Sir John Rose Bradford, K.C.M.Ci.. have likewise assisted in the various matters referred to them. The Assistant Secretary, Mr. Robert Harrison, be- sides rendering general assistance, has revised the list of Portraits. The Clerk. Mr. T. K. James, has revised and completed the list of the Medals and Medallions. The Assistant Librarian, Mr. A. H. White, has supplied the account of the Library. Mr. James and Mr. White have gone through the earlier pages of the Charter-book, the Journal-books, and other documents, for the purpose of making the Chronological Register and Alphabetical List of Fellows more complete and accurate. In this laborious task they have been greatly assisted by Sir Arthur Church, whose minute acquaintance with the early Archives has been freely placed at the Society's service. The President, Sir Archibald (ieikie. K.C.B.. has rewritten the first chapter giving a narrative of the Foundation and Early History of the Society, and has supervised and edited the whole work.
The late Sir William Huggins, President in the years from 1900 to 1905, presented to the Society the blocks of the Plates which illustrated his volume on 'The Royal Society', which was pub- lished in 1906. Most of these Plates, consisting chiefly of re- productions of portraits of former Fellows in the Society's possession. ha\e been made use of in the present volume, but the port? aits of Robert Boyle, John Evelyn, Christopher Wren, and Hans Slo.mc have been re-photographed and the impressions are printed from fresh plates. A few additions have been made com- prising the portraits of Lord Kelvin, Lord Lister, and Charles Darwin, and the \ i< -w of the- Interior Court of Gresham College and of the Society's house in Crane Court, Fleet Street.
BurKngton 7/o//.sr,
\:>. 11)12.
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE iii
LIST OF PLATES vii
CHAPTER I
FOUNDATION AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY ... 1
CHAPTER II
THE CHARTERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY:
Charta Prima, Praesidi, Concilio, et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis
Londini, a Rege Carolo Secundo concessa, A. D. MDCLXII . 48
Charta Secunda, lisdem ab eodem concessa, A. D. MDCLXIII . . 69 Charta Tertia, lisdem ab eodem concessa, A. D. MDCLXIX . . 94
A License for purchasing in Mortmain to the yearly value of
One Thousand Pounds, granted by King George the First . 115
CHAPTER III
THE STATUTES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY :
^The Original Statutes enacted in 1663 . . . . . .117
Statutes enacted in 1847 131
Statutes of 1905 145
Notes on the History of the Statutes . . . . .159
CHAPTER IV
THE TRUSTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 174
Gassiot Declaration of Trust . . . . . . .188
CHAPTER V
PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY 193
x i CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER VI
,,,,: RoYAI. SOCIETY SINCE ITS FOUNDATION 200
CHAPTER VII
mi ROYAL SOCIETY. AND CROONIAN AND BAKERIAN
: I'll TlTLl-> OF THEM! SriUECTs:
. 210
Tin- Crooniun Lrctmv .... • 217
RakrriaM Lecture . . - 224
CHAPTER VIII
. Kl !.!.<. PoKTItAITs. Br.STS, AND MEDALS:
Tlu- Lihn.ry ....... .233
Iiistrinncnts and Historical Rolics ...... 237
Li>t of Portraits in Oil ........ 239
List of Medallions, Busts, and Statuettes ..... 252
........... 254
CHAPTER IX
llIITEKfl «>K THE ROYAL SOCIETY ...... 269
CHAPTER X
HIE UOYAI. SOCIETY. ..... 274
CHAPTER XI
WHICH THE ROYAL SOCIETY CONTROLS OR
\DM I \-niriio\s ON THE GOVERNING BODIES OF
WHICH IT i"- u KIM. ........ 280
CHK . MI: «\ I'M LOWS ...... 309
PEIXOWB, \\ITH THE DATES OK ELECTION . 433
479
LIST OF PLATES
PLATE
I. Old Gresham College, reduced from an engraving (1739) in Ward's * Lives of the Professors of Gresham College \ 1740.
To face page 6
II. The Green Court, Gresham College, between the North and South Galleries or Piazzas. From an engraving of a portrait of Nehemiah Grew, Sec. R. S., published in 1800.
To face page 12
III. King Charles II, from a portrait painted in the school of Lely, in the possession of the Royal Society . To face page 16
IV. The Mace, presented by King Charles II . . To face page 24
V. The Honourable Robert Boyle, from a painting by F. Kerseboom, in the rooms of the Royal Society . . . To face page 40
VI. Sir Christopher Wren, from a painting attributed to Michael Wright, in the possession of the Royal Society . To face page 48
VII. John Evelyn, from a portrait painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the Royal Society . . To face page 64
VIII. Sir Isaac Newton, from a portrait by J. Van der Banck, in the possession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 80
IX. The House of the Royal Society from 1710 to 1780 in Crane Court, Fleet Street. From an engraving in Smith's * Historical and Literary Curiosities '. London, 1845 . To face page 96
X. Sir Hans Sloane, from a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 112
XI. Benjamin Franklin, from a portrait by Joseph Wright, in the rooms of the Royal Society . . . To face page 144
XII. Thomas Young, from a portrait painted by H. P. Briggs after Sir T. Lawrence, in the possession of the Royal Society.
To face page 176
viii LIST OF PLATES
XIII. Sir Humphry Davy, from a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, in the poMession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 208
\I\ John Dalton, from a portrait by B. R. Faulkner, in the possession of the Royal Society To face page 224
1 Faraday, from a portrait by A. Blaikley, in the possession of the Royal Society ... . To face page 240
\\I. Lord Kelvin. Photogravure by Messrs. Annan & Co. from a photograph by Messrs. Dickinsons, New Bond Street.
To face page 256
Photogravure by Messrs. Elliot £ Fry, London.
To face page 272
X \ ill. Charles Darwin. Photogravure by the Oxford University .Press from a painting by Walter W. Ouless, R.A. . To face page 288
XIX. The present Meeting-room in the Apartments of the Royal Society, Burlington House To face page 296
XX. The Principal Library in the same Apartments . To face page 304
CHAPTER I
FOUNDATION AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
THE foundation of the Royal Society was one of the earliest practical fruits of the philosophical labours of Francis Bacon. The experimental method of research which that great man so strenuously expounded in his writings was a vehement protest against the deductive method which till then had been in vogue. His great aim was to enforce the patient investigation of Nature by observation and experiment. He desired that a body of accurately ascertained facts should be amassed, from which alone, in his opinion, the processes of Nature could be understood, and a solid foundation could be laid on which discovery and invention might proceed apace. By such means, he believed, man could attain to ' the knowledge of causes and secret motions of things, and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible.' * He held that ' there is much ground for hoping that there are still laid up in the womb of Nature many secrets of excellent use, having no affinity or parallelism with anything that is now known, but lying entirely out of the beat of the imagination, which have not yet been found out. They too, no doubt, will some time or other, in the course and revolution of many ages, come to light of themselves, just as the others did ; only by the method of which we are now treating they can be speedily and suddenly and simultaneously presented and anticipated.' 2 So convinced was Bacon of the transcendent importance of his experimental method that he seems to have been unable to bring himself to admit that the inventions and discoveries made before his time could have been due to science. He regarded them rather as the happy accidents of chance.3
1 c New Atlantis.' 2 Nov. Org. I. cix.
3 Nov. Org. I. viii, Ixxxv ; II. xxxi. He strangely ignored Gilbert's great work on Magnetism, which was published in 1600 before the earliest of Bacon's philosophical treatises
B
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Bacon came early to believe that the method of investigation which IK- adxocated would be best promoted by the corporate action of men who could devote their whole energies to its pursuit. As tar back as the year 1(117, before the publication of his * Novum
-non \ he had already composed his ' New Atlantis', in which he embodied his ideal conception of how such corporate action minht be organi/ed and established. His vivid imagination portrayed, in a kind of allegorical picture, a carefully planned and well-endowed college, consisting of a company of thirty-six divided into groups, each of wrhich should be charged with a special department of inquiry or research. The field of
rprise was to embrace the whole of Nature, and was to be both theoretical and practical, with the view, on the one hand, of unravelling • the causes of things ', and, on the other, of obtaining such a knowledge of facts as would lead to new discoveries and inventions. One-half of the Fellows were to be employed in collecting from foreign countries and abstracting from books and from mechanical arts and liberal sciences all that had been previously discovered or invented. The rest of the company, consisting of six groups, were to be variously employed in trying experiments, tabulating former experiments and results, and
• iiring to draw forth conclusions useful 'for man's life and knowledge and to establish generalizations that might lead to * greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms'.2
UacoM died in ir.'ju. His* New Atlantis ', which had remained
among his papers, was published the following year, and attracted
inn h attention that in forty-three years no fewer than ten
it had been issued. \Vhen we remember what a
<>n of crises in the political history of this country these
• mprised, we may in some measure realize the strength of mo\ run nt which the great philosopher had set on foot, and
which could thus advance in the midst of civil war and social confusion. He did not live to see any attempt made to give
iltinn that tin- deductive philosophy which he
IM- j-phMnliilly illustrated by Newton and other workers within
<>f practical invention— « if the truth must be
-iMikni,1 he >ays, • \vhen the rational and dogmatic sciences began, the discovery of useful won
1 T1 !-«''l 1(.v Itorun. 2 'New Atlantis.'
INFLUENCE OF FRANCIS BACON a
tangible shape to his noble dream. But the seed which he sowed had not fallen on waste ground. The political troubles had indeed retarded the process of its germination. But there had arisen in the country a remarkable group of men who, stirred by similar ideals and working each in his own line, had taken up experimental investigation, as the pursuit of their lives, or of their leisure. Among these pioneers it is enough to recall the names of Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, and William Petty.
Some interesting particulars respecting the intercourse of these men in their scientific researches are to be found among the letters of Robert Boyle. Thus, writing from London on October 22, 1646, to M. Marcombes (who had been his French tutor in England), Boyle alludes to his studies in 'natural philosophy, the mechanics and husbandry, according to the principles of our new philosophical college that values no knowledge, but as it hath a tendency to use '. He asks his correspondent to bring from abroad with him to England ' good receipts or choice books on any of these subjects which you can procure ; which will make you extremely welcome to our invisible college '. Again, on February 16, 1646-7, he writes from London, ' The corner-stones of the invisible or (as they term themselves) the philosophical college do now and then honour me with their company,' and he speaks in eulogistic language of the enthusiasm and modesty of these men. On May 8, 1647, in a letter to Samuel Hartlib he refers again to the ' Invisible College V
There does not appear to have been for some years after this correspondence any attempt to form a definitely organized College or Society. The meetings were probably only friendly reunions at Boyle's house or at the rooms of some of the other congenial spirits, or not infrequently in taverns,2 where they might discuss with each other the problems on which they were engaged or the experiments which they wished to see undertaken.3 As one of
1 Works (1744), vol. i, pp. 17, 20, 24.
2 Aubrey records that « they mett at the Bull-head Taverne in Cheapside (e.g. 1658, 1659, and after) till it grew to big for a clubb, and so they came to Gresham College parlour '. ' Brief Lives/ ii, p. 302.
3 Aubrey states that ' the first beginning of the Royal Society (where they putt discourse in paper and brought it to use) was in the chamber of William Ball, Esq., eldest son of
B 2
4 U1XOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
them has recorded. ' their first purpose was no more than only the
{faction of breathing a freer air, and of conversing in quiet one
with another, without beini>- ino-a(^d in the passions and madness
ot that dismal Bge.' • For such a candid and impassionate company
and lor such a gloomy season, what could have been
a titter subject than Natural Philosophy ? ']
As i ! Around and foundation ' of the Royal Society was
laid at these meetings, it is interesting to have an authoritative Mint of them from one who took part in them — the mathema- tician Dr. John Wallis :-
•About the year K>4.5, while I lived in London (at a time when, by our civil wars, academical studies were much interrupted in both our Universities), beside the conversation of divers eminent divines, as to matters theological, I had the opportunity of being acquainted witli (livers worthy persons, inquisitive into natural philosophy, and other parts of human learning; and particularly of what hath been called the New Philosophy or Experimental Philosophy. We did by agreements, divers of us, meet weekly in London on a certain day [and hour, under a certain penalty, and a weekly contribution for the charge of experiments, with certain rule 1 upon amongst us],3 to treat and discourse of such
affairs ; of which number were Dr. John Wilkins (afterwards /{ix/iop of Chester [then chaplain to the Prince Elector Palatine, in London]), Dr. Jonathan Croddard, Dr. George Ent, Dr. Glissoti, Dr. Mii-rct ( Drs. in Physick), j\Ir. Samuel Foster, then Professor \ st ronoiny at ( Hcsham College, or some place near adjoyning, Mr. Theodore Ilaak* (a German of the Palatinate, and then lent in London, who, I think, gave the first occasion, and first ••clings), and many others.
!'. til. of Devon, in tin- Middle Temple. They had meetings at Taverns before, it formally and in ij-ood eanie-t sett np.' ' Brief Lives/ ii, p. J322.
William Kail, or Halle. \\;i- .-HI astronomer and a man of influence among the philosophers. member ,,f Council in tbe fust Cli.-irt.rr, and was designated as the first Treasurer of the Society in tbe -erond Charter.
lie Royal Society,' pp. M,
'MMgM of his mvn Life,' addressed to Dr. Thomas Smith and
fr"»> (>\t< n;;u5-7. It was published in the Appendix to the Preface
l>>' t'f »'» hi- edition of ' I'etei- Langtoft's Chronicle'. Oxford,
"<• br.-i<-k« ., from \\ allis's ( A Defence of the Royal
4 Misprinted Hank.
FIRST BEGINNINGS OF THE SOCIETY
* These meetings we held sometimes at Dr. GoddanTs lodgings in Wood Street (or some convenient place near), on occasion of his keeping an operator in his house for grinding glasses for telescopes and microscopes ; sometimes at a convenient place [The Bull Head] in Clicdjtside* and [in term-time] at Greshum College [at Mr. Foster's lecture (then Astronomer Professor there), and, after the lecture ended, repaired, sometimes to Mr. Foster's lodgings, sometimes to some other place not far distant].
4 Our business was (precluding matters of theology and state affairs) to discourse and consider of Philosophical Enquiries, and such as related thereunto: as Physick, Anatomy, Geometry, Astronomy, Navigation, Staticks, Magneticks, Chymicks, Median- icks, and Natural Experiments ; with the state of these studies, us then cultivated at home and abroad. We then discoursed of the circulation of the blood, the valves in the Veins, the Venae Lactece, the Lymphatick Vessels, the Copernican Hypothesis, the Nature of Comets and New Stars, the Satellites of Jupiter, the oval Shape (as it then appeared) of Saturn, the spots in the Sun, and its turning on its own Aoris, the Inequalities and Selenography of the Moon, the several Phases of Venus and Mercury, the Improvement of Telescopes, arid grinding of Glasses for that purpose, the Weight of Air, the Possibility or Impossibility of Vacuities and Nature's Abhorrence thereof, the Torricellian Experiment in Quicksilver, the Descent of heavy Bodies, and the degrees of Acceleration therein ; and divers other things of like nature. Some of which were then but New Discoveries, and others not so generally known and embraced as now they are, with other things appertaining to what hath been called The New Philosophy, which from the times of Galileo at Florence, and Sir Francis Bacon (Lord Verulam) in England, hath been much cultivated in Italy, France, Germany, and other parts abroad, as well as with us in England.
' About the year 1648-9, some of our company being removed to Oxford (first Dr. Wil/dns,then I, and soon after Dr. Goddard) our company divided. Those in London continued to meet there as before (and we with them, when we had occasion to be there), and those of us at Oxford, with Dr. Ward (since Bishop of Salisbury), Dr. Ralph Bathurst (now President of Trinity College in Oxford), Dr. Petty (since Sir William Petty), Dr. Willis (then
<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
.in eminent physician in Oxford], and divers others, continued such meetings in Oxford, and brought those Studies into fashion there; meeting first at Dr. Petty's lodgings (in an apothecarie's hon use of the convenience of inspecting Drugs, and the
like, as there was occasion; and after his remove to Ireland (though not so constantly) at the lodgings of Dr. Wtlkins, then Warden of Wadham College, and after his removal to Trinity /// C '(i/nbri(/tfe. at the lodgings of the Honourable Mr. Robert . then resident for divers years in Oxford.'
The Oxford Society became in 1651 the Philosophical Society of Oxford, of winch meetings continued to be held at irregular intervals until 1690, when they ceased. The London Society continued to meet until about the year 1658, * usually at Gresham (Ollege. at the Wednesday's and Thursday's lectures of Dr. Wren and Mr. Rooke, where there joined with them several eminent persons of their common acquaintance : the Lord Viscount lirouncL-cr. the now Lord Brereton, Sir Paul Neil, Mr. John AY< •/////. Mr. Ilctifthaw, Mr. Slingsby, Dr. Timothy Clarke, Dr. Knt. Mr. Ball, Mr. Hill, Dr. Croone, and diverse other gentlemen, whose inclinations lay the same way. This custom was observed once, if not twice, a week in term-time; till they were scattered by the miserable distractions of that fatal year ; till the continuance of their meetings there -might have made them run the* ha/ard of the fate of Archimedes : for then the place of their i in.!*- was made a quart erf or soldiers." 1
A description of the rooms occupied by the Royal Society in ( .resham College has been preserved. ' The great hall, to which the ascent from the court is by a few steps, is 37 feet long, near •J() feet broad, and 25 or 30 feet high. This spacious room is a noble ent ranee to the rest of the apartments of the Royal Society. The nc\t room is about 35 feet long, near 20 feet broad and 1 :* feet high ; and in this the Society always met upon St. Andrew's Day tor their anniversary elections. The inner room for their ordinary weekly meetings is about 22 feet long and 18 feet broad. Tl>' 'ins arc all upon the same floor ; from the last, two
or three steps convey you into the gallery, which is 140 feet long and i:n 2 broad. Beyond is the Repository of their curiosities,
- History of tin- Royal Society' (1607), p. 57.
then
•
-d If fohn
Dr. 'J
• run
PLATE I
- tn
"t .1 5 ^
THE FIRST MEETINGS AT GRESHAM COLL I «:c.I
which with the two rooms adjoining is about 90 feet long and 12 or 18 broad. Besides these rooms within, they have the use of ;i fair colonnade under the gallery and of a spacious area about 140 feet long and 197 feet broad ' l (Plates 1 and 1 1 ).
The entry of Monk with his army into London at the beginning of February, 1660, brought the reign of terror in the country to a close, and after the return of Charles II, towards the end of May, life in the capital began to move again mainly on the old lines. The meetings of the philosophers at Gresham College were revived. The desirability of more formal organization among the cultivators of science was soon recognized, and accord- ingly on the 28th of November, 1660, the following memorandum was drawn up :
4 These persons following, according to the usuall custom of most of them, mett together at Gresham Colledge to heare Mr. Wren's lecture, viz. The Lord Brouncker, Mr. Boyle, Mr. Bruce, Sir Robert Moray, Sir Paul Neile, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Goddard, Dr. Petty, Mr. Ball, Mr. Rooke, Mr. Wren, Mr. Hill. And after the lecture was ended, they did, according to the usual manner, withdrawe for mutuall converse. Where amongst other matters that were discoursed of, something was offered about a designe of founding a Colledge for the promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning.- And because they had these frequent occasions of meeting with one another, it was proposed that some course might be thought of, to improve this meeting to a more regular way of debating things, and according to the manner in other countryes, where there were voluntary associations of men in academies, for the advancement
1 From a pamphlet in the British Museum, entitled ' An Account of the Proceedings of the Council of the Royal Society in order to remove from Gresham College', quoted by Weld, * History of Royal Society,' vol. i, p. 82. Gresham College was founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, a wealthy merchant of London, who died in 1579. To carry out his design he left a portion of his estate in trust to the City and the Mercers' Company, directing that his town house in Bishopsgate Street should be fitted up as a College for the accommodation of seven professors, who were severally to give lectures on divinity, astronomy, music, geometry, civil law, physic, and rhetoric. The institution grew to be an important intellectual centre in the City of London, and with its lecture-rooms and professorial staff formed an appropriate home for Boyle's ' invisible College ' and the more conspicuous body which eventually took shape as the Royal Society under the aepri- of Charles II.
2 This may perhaps have been Cowley's ' Proposition ' referred to below.
UKCOH1) OK THK ROYAL SOCIETY
of \arious parts of learning *<> they might doe something wcrable here tor the promoting of experim entail philosophy. • In older to which, it was agreed that this Company would continue their weekly meeting on Wednesday, at 3 of the cloek in tl te time, at Mr. Kooke's chamber at Gresham Colledge ;
in the \aeation, at Mr. Hall's chamber in the Temple. And towards the defraying of occasionall expenses, every one should, at his first admission, pay downe ten shillings, and besides engage to pay one shilling weekly, whether present or absent, whilest he shall please to keep his relation to this Company. At this Meeting Dr. Wilkins was appointed to the chaire, Mr. Ball to be
ismer, and Mr. Croone, though absent, was named for Register.
\nd to the end that they might the better be enabled to make a conjecture of how many the elected number of this Society should consist, therefore it was desired that a list might he taken of the names of such persons as were known to those present, whom they judged willing and fit to joyne with them in their designe, who, if they should desire it, might be admitted before any other/ l
A list was accordingly prepared and recorded, consisting of forty-one names. Nearly all of the persons there enumerated
me members of the Society. Among the names it is interest- ing to find that of * Dr. Cowley', in other words, Abraham Cowley, the poet, who appears to have been keenly interested in the
itific movement which was then being set on foot. He was formally elected into the Society on March 6, 1660-1.2 A few months later in the same year he published a tract entitled ' A Proposition tor the Advancement of Experimental Philosophy ', in which lu- propounded a scheme for the establishment of London, with an annual revenue of £4,000, and
MH' of twenty philosophers or professors, sixteen young
rvants to the professors, and a due complement of
officials and underlings. Four of the professors were to be
"1. i. |». I.
'.' tl.r first mnnhrrs of the original Society, his name does «• li-t «>f Irll.ms after tl,(> date ,,f the incorporation by Charter. The •-inn *M that having ffOlu. to live in the country he was unable to attend ti „ [etjr. Kirch, Hist. Roy. So,-., i. p. '2-2-2.
ABRAHAM COWLEV S 'PROPOSITION
9
always travelling beyond the seas, one in each of the tour quarters of the globe, where he was to be resident for three years, while the remaining sixteen were to remain at the College, engaged in studying and teaching 'all sorts of natural experimental philosophy' — 'briefly, all things contained in the Catalogue of natural histories annexed to my Lord Bacon's " Organon " \ Not only were the scholars to be trained in these subjects, but there was to be also a school of about 200 boys who were to receive from the professors free education ' in things as well as words ', by a method to be there established ' for the infusing knowledge and language at the same time into them, that this may be their apprenticeship in natural philosophy '. While Cowley recognized the advantage of combining the literary and scientific domains in his plan of education, he seems to have had a suspicion that his scheme was * too much for the charity or generosity of this age to extend to'. He was careful, however, to insist that what he contemplated was not to be confounded with Bacon's model in the ' New Atlantis ', which in his view was ' a project for experi- ments that can never be experimented '. It is worthy of record that a proposition for the establishment of combined classical and scientific education should have been seriously advocated as part of a scheme for the advancement of experimental philosophy at the time when the foundations of the Royal Society were being laid, and that this proposition should have been made by a memorable personage in English literature whose name appears on the first list of those from whom the Royal Society originated.1
1 In his Life of Cowley Johnson states : ' A doctor of physick, however, he was made at Oxford, in December 1657 ; and in the commencement of the Royal Society, he appears busy among the experimental philosophers with the title of Doctor Cowley'. ' Lives of the Poets,' vol. i, p. 11, G. B. Hill's edit. Sprat states that the publication of Cowley's tract ' very much hastened' the formation of the Royal Society (Hist., p. 59). But the outlines of the organization of the Society had already been traced the year before that tract appeared.
It deserves to be remembered that an earlier scheme for the endowment and cultivation of science was sketched by another original member of the Society, John Evelyn, in a letter to Robert Boyle dated September 3, 1659. He thought that some gentlemen who ' desire nothing more than to give a good example, preserve science, and cultivate themselves, might join together in a society': ' Had it been possible,' he says, ' I would cheerfully devote my small fortune towards a design by which I might hope to assemble some small number together who would resign themselves to live profitably and sweetly
10 UFA-OKI) OF THE HOVAL SOCIETY
A wivk after the preparation of the preliminary list of
,1 members of the proposed new Society, another meeting
u Id December 5), of which the following record is given in
the Journal-hook :
Holu-rt Moray brought in word from the Court, that the King had d with tlu- <lesigne of this Meeting. And he did well approve . and would In- iv.idy to give encouragement to it.
ordered that Mr. \Vreii he desired to prepare against the next ig tor tlu- Pendulum Experiment. -
•T mom he desired to looke out for some discreet person skilled
in .short-hand writing, to he an amanuensis.
'It wax then agreed that the numher he not increased, but by consent of v who have already subscribed their names: till such time as the I for the constitution be settled.
•That any three or more of this company (whose occasions will permit them.) are desired to meete as a Committee, at 3 of the clock on Fryday, to con>nlt about such orders in reference to the constitution, as they shall think fitt to offer to the whole company, and so to adjourne de die in diem?
At the same meeting the following obligation was agreed to :
•Wee \\IIOM- names are underwritten, doe consent and agree that wee will
meet together weekely (if not hindered by necessary occasions), to consult and
incoming the promoting of experimentall learning. And that each
of UN \\ill allowe one shilling weekely, towards the defraying of occasional!
Provided that if any one or more of us shall thinke fitt at any time
to withdraw r. lie or they shall, after notice thereof given to the Company at
a meeting, he treed from this obligation for the future.'
To this are attached the signatures of nearly all those persons 'prised in the Catalogue of names prepared at the meeting on the -JSth of November, as also of seventy-three others, who i 1 >sequently elected into the Society, as may be seen in Journal-book.
•k- I'.oyle to join with liiui in attempting to put his design into
•KID. Hi- propo-al \\.-iv to juircliasc thirty or forty acres of land within twenty-five
•"idoii. ami if tin-re were already no suitable dwellings, to erect buildings thereon
iikethiiM' of the ( arlhu-ian Convent in Paris, with public rooms, laboratory, and
-nt- or cell- f,,r the habitation of the members of the Society. He coupled his
prvpwttioa Ntt ; -tatenient of the order that should he followed in the daily
i-iimary plan came to nothing, but next year he threw himself
Mto the affair- of the Royal Society, in the Charter of which he was named
icil.
EARLIEST MINUTES OF MEETINGS n
On the 12th December another Meeting was held. The following is the entry in the Journal-hook :
'It was referred to my Lord Broimcker, Sir Robert Mornv, Sir Paul Neil, Mr. Matthew Wren, Dr. Goddard, and Mr. Chri.stophcr Wren, to consult about a convenient place for the weekly meeting of the Societv.
'It was then voted that no person shall be admitted into the Socielv without scrutiny, excepting only such as are of the degree of Barons or above.
'Sir Kenelme Digby, Mr. Austen, and Dr. Bates, were then by vote chosen into the Society.
'That the stated number of this Society be five .and fifty. That twenty- one of the stated number of this Society be the quorum for Elections.
'That any person of the degree of Baron or above may be admitted a> supernumerarys, if they shall desire it, and will conforme themselves to such orders as are or shall be established.
4 Whereas it was suggested at the Committee that the Colledge of Physitian- would afford convenient accommodation for the meeting of this Society ; uppon supposition that it be graunted and accepted of, it was thought reasonable, that any of the Fellowes of the said Colledge, if they shall desire it, be likewise admitted as Supernumerarys, they submitting to the Luwes of the Society, both as to the pay at their admission, and the weekly allow- ance ; as likewise the particular works or tasks that may be allotted to them.
'That the Publick Professors of Mathematicks, Physick, and Natural! Philosophy, of both Universitys, have the same priviledge with the Colledge of Physitians, they paying as others at their admission, and contributing their weekely allowance and assistance, when their occasions do permitt them to be in London.
'That the quorum of this Society be nine for all matters excepting the Businesse of Elections.
' Concerning the Manner of Elections.
' That no man shall be elected the same day he is proposed. That at the least twenty-one shall be present at each election.
'That the Amanuensis doe provide severall little scroles of paper of an equall length and breadth, in number double to the Society present. One halfe of them shall be marked with a crosse, and being roled up shall be lay'd in a heap on the table, the other halfe shall be marked with cyphers, and being roled up shall be lay'd in another heap. Every person coming in his order shall take from each heap a role, and thro we which he please privately into an urne, and the other into a boxe. Then the Director, and two others of the Society, openly numbering the crossed roles in the urn, shall accordingly pronounce the election.
'That if two thirds of the present number do consent uppon any scrutiny, that election to be good, and not otherwise.
l-j UFAOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
•he Officers and Servants of the Society.
ling Officers of this Society to hi' three, that is to say, a ;irer, and a Register. The President to he onthly. •Th • continue one yeare, as also the Register.
it there lu- likewise two servants belonging to this Society, an
i ml an Operator.
•That : rarer dor every quarter give in an account of the Stock
in hi* hand, and all disbursements made to the President or Director, and anv three others to he appointed by the Society: who are to report it to
tv.
•That anv bill of charges brought in by the Amanuensis and Operator,
and subacribed In the President and Register for any experiment made, and
ibid by the Curators of the experiment, or the major part of them, be
tlicient warrant to the Treasurer for the payment of that sum.
•That the Register provide three bookes, one for the statutes and names
of th . another for experiments and the result of debates : and a third
onall orders.
•That the salary of the Amanuensis be 40/. per annum, and his pay for particular business at the ordinary rate, either by the sheet or otherwise, as the President and Register can best agree with him.
• Tii.it the sdarv of the Operator be foure pounds by the yeare, and for any other ia the Curators who employ him shall judge reasonable.
•That at every meeting, three or more of the Society be desired that they
would please to be reporters for that meeting, to sitt at table with the
and take notes of all that shall be materially ottered to the Society
and debated in it, who together may form a report against the next meeting
tiled by the Register.
* \Yhrn the admission-money comes to 20/., then to stop.'
At a subsequent meeting, held December 19, 1660, it was that the next meeting should be at Gresham Colledge, ii \\reke to weeke till further order', the suggestion that the Soeirty should meet at the College of Physicians being en up.
On iln- i;th March. KiOO-1, Sir Robert Moray was chosen
nt. and on April 10 was re-elected 'for an other month'.
II< li:i«l been knighted by Charles I, and joined Charles II in his
With the latter monarch he had much influence, which
IK used oieatly to the benefit of the infant Society.
for M
itir.
i 1 in his hich
I'l.A.I. II
i .-
5 £
I f-
w 2 fT ^
if f
THE NAMING OF THE SOC IKTY i:j
On the evening of May 3 following. Kino Charles paid a visit to the Society and was shown Saturn's rings and Jupiter and his satellites * through his Majesty's great telescope, drawing thirty- five feet; on which were divers discourses'.1 Trn days later Evelyn records: 'May 14. His Majesty was pleased to discourse with me concerning several particulars relating to our Society, and the planet Saturn, &c., as he sate at Supper in the uith- drawing-room to his bedroom.' 2
The question of the name that should be given to the new Society was doubtless the subject of much discussion at this time. It would appear that the name ultimately chosen was first publicly applied to the Society by Evelyn in the Dedication to the Earl of Clarendon of his translation of Gabriel Naude's * Avis pour dresser une Bibliotheque ', wherein he lauded that nobleman for his services 4 in the promoting and encouraging of the ROYAI. SOCIETY'. The book appeared about the middle of November. By that time Evelyn seems to have accustomed himself to think, and even in his Diary to write, of the company of philosophers as the 'Royal Society'. His colleagues lost no time in expressing their gratification to him for his public recognition of them by this title. The entry in his Diary under date December 3 is as follows : ' By universal suffrage of our philo- sophic assembly, an order was made and registered, that I should receive their public thanks for the honourable mention I made of them by the name of Royal Society, in my Epistle Dedicatory to the Lord Chancellor before my traduction of Naudaeus. Too great an honour for a trifle.' 3 It is allowable to believe that during the frequent conversations which Evelyn had with the King that autumn, when so many subjects were discussed, the important matter of the Society's name was considered. Charles was now genuinely interested in the work of the philosophers, and if he did not propose the title himself, he doubtless at once approved of it, if it was suggested by his eminent and esteemed courtier.
The question of a name had become somewhat urgent, for the
1 Evelyn's Diary, vol. ii, p. 168. Edit, of Austin Dobsou, 1906.
2 Ibid. p. 170.
3 Ibid. p. 179 ; Journal-book of Royal Society, December 11, K5<il.
u UFA OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
desirability of obtaining for the Society a Royal Charter of
incorporation was discussed among the members during the
summer I, with the result that on the 18th September of
that year a petition to the King for a royal grant of incorporation
1 at a nurling of the Society. Probably in large measure
0 Sir Robert Moray's influence, a favourable response to
was not long delayed, for at a meeting held on
October 1C. 'Sir Robert Moray acquainted the Society that
nd Si. Paul Xeile kissed the King's hands in the Company's Xame. and is int rented by them to return most humble thancks to His Majesty for the Reference he was pleased to graunt of their Petition : and to this favour and honour hee was pleased to otter of him selfe to bee enter'd one of the Society'.
The Charter of Incorporation (see p. 48) passed the Great Seal on the 15th July, 16(>2. This is, therefore, the date of the beginning of the Royal Society. The Charter was read before the Society on the 13th August of the same year, and on the •J'Jth the President, Council, and Fellows went to Whitehall and returned their thanks to His Majesty.
As a further mark of the royal favour a mace 'of the same fashion and bigness as those carried before his Majesty, to be borne before our President on meeting days' was presented (Plate IV). The words of the order of 23rd May, 1663, are : ' A Warrant to prepare and deliver to the Rt. Hon. William, Lord Viscount Urouncker, President of the Royall Society of London for improving Natural Knowledge by experiments, one guilt Mace of one hundred and fifty oz. [troy weight] being a guift from His • the said Society.' This mace is of silver, richly gilt.
>nsists of a stem handsomely chased, with a running pattern of noses and thistles, terminated at the upper end by an urn- shaped head, surmounted by a crown, ball, and cross. On the head are embossed figures of a rose, harp, thistle, and fleur-de-lys, emblematic of Kngland, Ireland, Scotland, and France, on each sid<- of which are the letters C.R. Under the crown, and at the top of the head, the royal arms appear very richly chased ; and al the Other extremity of the stem are two shields, the
hearing the arms of the Society, the other the following inscription :
THE GRANTING OF A CHARTER n
Ex munificentia Augustissimi Monarchae
Carol! II Dei Gra. Mag. Brit. Franc, et Hib.
Regis fkt'.
Societatis llegalis ad Scientiam
Naturalem promouendu institutae
Fundatoris et Patroni
An. Dni. 1663
This mace is still in constant use. At every meeting of the Council and of the Society it is placed on the table in front of the President before the business is begun.1
The first Council of the incorporated Society as given in this Charter was as follows : Viscount Brouncker (President), Sir Robert Moray, Kt., Robert Boyle, William Brereton (afterwards Lord Brereton), Sir Kenelme Digby, Kt., Sir Paul Neile, Henry Slingesby, Sir William Petty, Kt., John AVallis, D.D., Timothy Clarke, M.D., John Wilkins, D.D., George Ent, M.D., William Erskine, Jonathan Goddard, M.D., Christopher Wren, William Balle, Matthew Wren, John Evelyn, Thomas Henshawe, Dudley Palmer, Henry Oldenburg (Secretary).
The first Charter, however, did not give the Fellows all the privileges which they desired, and, representations having been made, a second Charter (see p. 69), supplying the desired privileges and retaining all the clauses of incorporation contained in the first Charter, passed the Great Seal on the 22nd of April, 1663, and was read before the Society on the 13th May following. In 1669 a third Charter (see p. 94) was given, but this does little more than grant to the Society lands in Chelsea (the Chelsea College, pp. 25, 27), and while confirming the powers given by the second Charter makes some slight changes.
It is practically the second Charter which ensures the Society its privileges, and by which the Society has since been, and continues to be, governed. In this Charter the King declares himself to be the Founder and Patron of the Society. It is provided, as in the first Charter, that the Society shall be
1 The groundlessness of the legend that this mace of the Society was the ' bauble ' turned out of the House of Commons by Oliver Cromwell has been exposed by Weld, Hist. Roy. Soc., vol. i, p. 152, &c.
n; UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
administered hv a Council of twenty-one persons, of whom ten si, all retire each year on St. Andrew's Day, when a new election of Council and officers shall take place. The election of the Council, the I 'resident, the Treasurer, and the two Secretaries is placed in the hands of the 1 'resident, Council, and Fellows, as is also the reception and admission of members. But, otherwise, • the making of laws, statutes, and ordinances, and the transaction of all matters relating to management of the Society and its affairs' is entrusted to the President and Council alone. Hence by tlu- Charter, the By- Laws, or Statutes (pp. 117-58) as they are called. 1>\ which the Society is governed, are made and changed by the President and Council. At p. 159 will be found some Notes on the Statutes, which give a brief history of the suc-
i\e changes in the internal administration by the President and Council from the foundation of the Society to the present time. The Council and officers nominated in the first Charter were re-nominated in the second, except that the names of Sir George Talbot and Abraham Hill were substituted for those of Dr. Wallis and Dr. Christopher Wren, and that William Balle was designated Treasurer and .John Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg, Secretaries. The second Charter contained a provision that all persons whom the President and Council should receive into the Society within two months from the date of the Charter should be named Fellows of the I {oval Society. In accordance with this provision, at a
ting held on May *20, 1663, the following persons were declared to be members, and they, together with four members who were subsequently elected at a meeting held on June 22
Chronological Register of Fellows), constituted the original Fellows of the Society :
William, Ix>rd Rrounrkrr. IVes.
James, Lord
William Areskine, Esq.
John Allevn,
Elia.s Aslmiole,
John KMJ.
John A \vlnvy. Ivq.
i hike of Buckingham,
<>rd Berkeley. Robert, Lord Urn
Robert Boyle, Esq. Richard Boyle, Esq. William Brereton, Esq, Thomas Baines, M.D. Isaac Barrow, B.D. William Balle, Esq. Peter Balle, M.D. John Brook, Esq. David Bruce, M.D. George Bate, M.D.
K; II
portrait painted in i of Lrly. in tin
•tion ion of the
nd Fellow--
lion
id char
)me
of Sir
1 Fellows
PLATE III
KING CHAKLKS II From a portrait painted in the school of_Lcly, in the possession of the Royal Society
THE ORIGINAL MEMKKKS
17
William, Lord Cavendish.
Walter Charlcton, M.I).
Timothy Clark, M.D.
Edward Cotton, D.D.
Daniel Col wall, Esq.
John Clayton, Esq.
Thomas Cox, M.D.
William Croone, M.D.
John, Earle Craford and Lindesay.
Henry, Marquis Dorchester.
William, Earle Devonshire.
Sir Kenelme Digby, Kt.
Sir John Denham, Knight of the Bath.
John Driden, Esq.
Seth, Lord Bipp. Exeter.
George Ent, M.D.
John Evelyn, Esq.
Andrew Ellise, Esq.
Sir Francis Fane, Knight of the Bath.
Sir John Finch, Kt.
Mons. Le Febure.
Francis Glisson, M.D.
Jonathan Goddard, M.D.
John Graunt, Esq.
Hatton, Christopher, Lord
Charles Howard, Esq.
William Hoare, M.D.
Sir Robert Harley, Kt.
Nathaniel Henshaw, M.D.
Thomas Henshaw, Esq.
James Hayes, Esq.
William Holder, D.D.
Theodore Haak, Esq.
William Hammond, Esq.
Abraham Hill, Esq.
John Hoskins, Esq.
Mr. Robert Hooke.
Richard Jones, Esq.
Alexander, Earle Kincardin.
Sir Andrew King, Kt.
John, Lord Lucas.
James Long, Esq.
Anthony Lowther, Esq.
John, Viscount Massereene.
Sir Robert Moray, K I .
Sir Anthony Morgan, Kt.
Christofer Merrett, M.D.
James, Earle Northampton.
Sir Paul Neile, Kt.
Sir Thomas Notte, Kt.
William Neilc, Esq.
Jaspar Nedham, M.D.
Henry Oldenburg, Ks(j.
Sir William Persall, Kt.
Sir William Petty, Kt.
Sir Richard Powle, Knight of the
Bath.
Sir Robert Paston, Kt. and Bart. Sir Peter Pett, Kt. Walter Pope, M.D. John Pell, D.D. Peter Pett, Esq. Henry Powle, Esq. Thomas Povey, Esq. Dudley Palmer, Esq. Henry Proby, Esq. Phillip Packer, Esq. William Quatremain, M.D. Edward, Earle Sandwich. Sir James Shaen, Kt. Charles Scarburgh, M.D. Thomas Stanley, Esq. George Smith, M.D. Henry Slingesby, Esq. Alex. Stanhope, Esq. Robert Southwell, Esq. William Schroter, Esq. Thomas Spratt, D.D. Sir Gilbert Talbot, Kt. Christofer Terne, M.D. Samuel Tuke, Esq. Cornelius Verm uy den, Esq. Sir Cyrill Wyche, Kt. Sir Peter Wyche, Kt. John Wilkins, D.D. Daniel Whistler, M.D.
is KKCOKi) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
John \Yulli>, D.I). Kdmmid Wai!
.
- Wlllughby, K William Win-
John Winthrop, Esq. Matthew Wren, Esq. Thomas Wren, M.D. Christofer Wren, LL.D. Edmund Wylde, Esq.
A special interest is attached to the foregoing list, inasmuch as it affords an indication of the spirit in which the early founders of the Royal Society chose the men whom they wished to be
•.-iated with them in one common fellowship for the further- ance of natural knowledge. The first feature to be noticed is the comparatively small proportion of men who had much claim to
•onsidcrcd scientific. The number of such men in the whole community at that time was certainly not large.1 At one of the
t ings, held eighteen months before the granting of the Charter, it had been resolved *that the stated number of this Society be
and fifty \ as if the intention had been to confine the member- ship to those who were actually engaged in the pursuit of experimental philosophy or at least had shown themselves to he keenly interested in its progress. But during the interval between December 12, 1660, and May 20, 1663, a much wider conception was entertained as to the composition of the infant society. The men of science, properly so called, who appear in the list, are hardly one-fifth of the whole number. But they include some whose names are held in remembrance wherever the history of modern science is known — the Honourable Robert Koyle, the most prominent man of science of his day, who in many branches of investigation opened out paths that have led to the modern development of chemistry and physics; John \Vilkins, Warden of Wudham College, afterwards Bishop of Chester, one of the ablest and most active in the group of originators of the Uoyal Society, who, besides successively filling high offices if) the Church and the Universities, produced a t scientific writings that displayed great mathematical acumen, and forecasted the submarine navigation of the sea and tin- practicability of the navigation of the air; John Waliis,
1 In }]< "*' Krbniary 1(5, 1(546-7, already quoted, after his eulogium of the
m«MM}>«-r> nf tin- ' imUil.lc colic-,. ', }u, concludes with the recital of ' their chiefest fault, which j> \«.ry in :!:n<M all good things ; and that is, that there is not enough of
tin-in '.
SOME OF THE EARLY LEADERS l<>
another distinguished mathematician, who ranked as one of the leaders of science in his day ; Robert Hooke, brilliant, original, and versatile as a physicist, with an inexhaustible fertility in devising experimental proofs of physical deductions, a gift which he employed unweariedly in the service of the Society, thus largely contributing to the interest and success of the meetings : John Evelyn, a true and typical virtuoso of the noblest kind, scholar, and gentleman with the keenest interest in natural history and a warm supporter of the experimental philosophy ; Francis Glisson, Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge, afterwards President of the Royal College of Physicians, a pioneer in physio- logy ; Francis Willughby, eminent as a zoologist and author of a valuable work on Ornithology and also a History of Fishes, both of which treatises were published by the Royal Society ; Jonathan Goddard, Gresham Professor of Physic, Warden of Merton, Oxford, whose laboratory and personal service were constantly at the call of the Society ; Sir William Petty, singularly versatile and ingenious, who, after his mathematical and anatomical studies, surveyed the whole of Ireland, producing the most exact map of the kind that had ever been constructed, who turned his mechanical genius to the invention of various contrivances such as a double-keeled vessel that should be steady on the water and 4 a wheel to ride upon ', and who is perhaps most widely known as one of the early founders and exponents of political economy ; Walter Pope, Gresham Professor of Astronomy, "and John Graunt, who even in his own lifetime was recognized and hon- oured as the first to break ground in the scientific treatment of vital statistics. In this gallery of worthies a place of special distinction is due to Sir Christopher Wren, commonly thought of only as an eminent architect, but who was undoubtedly the most widely accomplished man of his time. An able mathematician. Wren early turned his attention to the applications of mathe- matics, so as to become a pioneer in dynamical science. He was astronomical professor first at Gresham College and there- after at Oxford. He was likewise a meteorologist before the
1 His f Micrographia ', published in 1665 by the Royal Society, was one of the earliest works in which the value of the microscope as an instrument of scientific research was developed, and was illustrated with excellent plates.
c 2
jo RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
in vest Ration of the air had taken shape. He studied anatomy
and made original contributions to that branch of science, notably
I to the transfusion of blood from one animal to another.
He was one of the first naturalists to investigate the structure of
•ts with the microscope. Being gifted with great skill and
a draughtsman, he was able to produce remarkable
drawings of what lie observed. His fame as the most dis-
uished architect that Britain has produced has somewhat
shadowed his other accomplishments. To him the Royal
t\ owes a deep debt of gratitude for the constant and loyal
ice which he rendered to it in its early days. He was chosen
.ident in 1(580.
This group of distinguished and ardent prosecutors of experi- mental philosophy gathered around them within the pale of their newly constituted society a representative company of all that was most notable in the general society of the day. In literature, having at the very outset elected Abraham Cowley, they added the three most illustrious living poets of England- John Dryden, John Denham, and Edmund Waller. They had already among their original number one or two prominent Churchmen who were not only theologians but true men of science, such as \Vilkins, afterwards Bishop of Chester, Ward, then Bishop of Exeter, and Sprat, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. To - they added a few others, the most conspicuous being Isaac Marrow, who was not more distinguished as a divine than as a <k scholar and mathematician, the first occupant of the Lucasian chair at Cambridge (in which he was succeeded by his pupil. Isaac Xewton) and afterwards Master of Trinity College. In the list of original members of the Royal Society the peerage likewise represented by upwards of a dozen members, one of whom. Lord Brouncker, an eminent mathematician, was chosen to he the Hist President. Perhaps the most noteworthy peer was the famous Duke of Buckingham, who among his various tastes and iipations had some acquaintance with chemistry and took out tent for glass-making, but who is perhaps best remembered as Dryden's Ximri.1 Politicians, men of affairs, civil servants, and
' ami tin- ilnkr urn- original UH'iul.rrs of the Royal Society, they may h:i • ty*l inn-til
SOME OF THE EARLY LEADERS
lawyers were also chosen into the Society in the first selection. Among these we find the names of John Winthrop, Governor of Connecticut, who had come to London bearing a loyal address from his colony to the Kin<r and who subsequently sent many * rarities ' to the Society's Repository ; Sir Cyril Wyche, barrister and ultimately one of the three lords justices entrusted with the government of Ireland, who became President of the Society in 1683; Sir Joseph Williamson, who founded the London Gazette, which is still published ; Abraham Hill, Commissioner of Trade, who twice served a period of several years as Treasurer of the Society ; Sir Robert Southwell, English envoy in Portugal, after- wards principal Secretary of State for Ireland and President of the Royal Society for five years from 1690.
It was natural that as the study of medicine involved practical acquaintance with some departments of science, medical men should be well represented among the original Fellows of the Royal Society. Besides the Gresham Professor of Physic, already referred to, there were William Croone, who was not only a doctor of medicine but also Gresham Professor of Rhetoric, and by whose benefaction the Croonian Lecture Fund of the Royal Society was established ; Francis Glisson, already referred to ; and Daniel Whistler, who was President of the Royal College of Physicians in 1683, and a number of other prominent physicians of the day.
Of a considerable proportion of the original Fellows of the Society little or nothing is known. They were mostly, to use Sprat's expression, ' gentlemen, free and unconfin'd,' that is, men who were not connected with any of the professions, but ' who by the freedom of their education, the plenty of their estates, and the usual generosity of noble bloud, may be well suppos'd to be most averse from sordid considerations '.l There is, however, one of the company who deserves to be had in remembrance — John Graunt, already referred to, the author of the ' Natural and Political Observations on the Bills of Mortality', 1661, of which Sir William Petty made such good use. So much did Graunt's treatment of vital statistics attract attention that the King himself
1 History, p. 68.
RKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
.inmended the election of the 'judicious author ' into the Royal • in whose election it was so far from being a prejudice that he was a shop-keeper of London, that his Majesty gave this particular charge to his Society, that if they found any more such tradesmen, tluy should be sure to admit them all without any more ad
The second (Charter granted arms to the Society, which were thus defined. * \Ve give and grant ... to the President, Council and l-Vllows ... in testimony of our royal favour towards them, and of our peculiar esteem for them . . . these following blazons of honour in the dexter corner of a silver shield our three Lions of Kngland. and for Crest a helm adorned with a crown studded with florets, surmounted by an eagle of proper colour holding in one toot a shield charged with our Lions : supporters, two white hounds gorged with crowns.' The motto which the Society chose from Horace, * Nullius in verba,' was an expression of their determination to withstand the domination of authority and to \ erify all statements by an appeal to facts.
on after the incorporation of the Society a folio volume was prepared of leaves of the finest vellum. It is bound in crimson \ civet with gilt clasps and corners, having on one side a gold plate hearing the shield of the Society and on the other the eagle crest Into this volume the Charters were transcribed, and it is thus known as the 'Charter-book'. After the Charters and Statutes follow the signatures of the Fellows, commencing with that of the King and on the same page those of the Duke of York [after- •1s James II], (ieorge [Prince of Denmark, and consort v>ucen Anne], and 'Rupert, Fellow'. In the Journal-book under date January 11, 1664-5, it is recorded that ' the Charter- hook of the Society was produced wherein his Majesty had written himself CIIAKI.KS K. ForxDKK : and his Highness the Duke of York, JAMI.S, Fellow; the Duke of Albemarle also having entered his name at the same time'. Pepys relates that being ;,t Whitehall, • I saw the Royal Society bring their new hook wherein is nobly writ their Charter and Laws, and comes to d by the Duke as a Fellow and all the Fellows' hands utered there, and lie as a monument; and the King
1 Sprat, loc. cit.
THE SOCIETY AND ST. AXDKKU S DAY j;
hath put his with the word Founder/ 1 Vinci- Rupert, who was elected in March, 1664, took much interest in some branches <•)' science and in the work of the Society. Prince George on November 30, 1704, * was unanimously chosen a member of the Society,' and on December 13 following wrote his name in the book. After the royal signatures conic the autographs of the Fellows who have been admitted from that date down to the present day. At the time of his admission each Fellow first signs his name in the Charter-book beneath the declaration that he will endeavour to promote the good of the Society and obey its rules, and he then shakes hands with the President, who declares him to be a duly elected Fellow of the Society.
The definite provision in the Charters that the annual election of the Council and Officers should take place on St. Andrew's Day, the 30th November, in each year has given rise to much speculation as to why that particular day should have been chosen. It has been taken for granted that the date was selected with some reference to Scotland and her patron saint. But there was perhaps no such original intention. It will be remembered that when the meetings of the ' philosophic society ' wrere revived at Gresham College after the political troubles, the first of them was held on November 28, 1660, and that it was then that the first steps were taken towards the formal organization of what ultimately became the Royal Society. That date might thus be appropriately held as the anniversary of the Society, but as it was only two days removed from St. Andrew's Day, which is so important a date in the ecclesiastical year, we can suppose that the 30th November was chosen as a more familiar and prominent date, and once chosen it would naturally lead to the belief that St. Andrew is the patron saint of the Society.1
Whether this suggested explanation be well founded or not the legend soon took shape that the Royal Society had some special relation to the patron saint of Scotland. Thus, we find that on the first anniversary after the granting of the second Charter, that is on November 30, 1663, Evelyn made the follow -
1 The choice would be all the more likely from the Scotsman, Sir Robert Moray, having been so active in procuring1 the granting of the Charter.
•J4 KEcoun OF 'vim ROYAL SOCIETY
ing entry in his Diary : 'the first anniversary of our Society for the choice of new officers, according to the tenor of our patent :ind institution. It being St. Andrew's Day, who was our
OH, each Fellow wore a St. Andrew's Cross of ribbon on the crown of his hat. After the election, we dined together, his Majesty sending us venison.' l ' This early custom of the Fellows
ring a St. Andrew's Cross of ribbon at the Anniversary well as the practice of the President of keeping on
.at in the Chair, except when addressing the Fellows, and his wearing the large cornelian ring, bearing the Arms of the Society,
icathed by Martin Folkes for the perpetual use of the President, have been long things of the past.' 2
The antiquary John Aubrey, who was one of the original Fellows of the Society, has preserved the following note of a conversation with Sir William Petty, who was also one of the original Fellows: ' I remember one St. Andrewe's Day (which is the day of the generall meeting of the Royall Society for annual elections), I sayd, " Methought 'twas not so well that we should pitch upon the Patron Saint of Scotland's Day ; we should rather have taken St. George or St. Isidore (a philosopher canonized)." •• Xo," sayd Sir William, " I had rather have had it been on St. Thomas's Day, for he would not beleeve till he had seen and putt his fingers into the holes ; according to the motto Nul&us in
Although Cliarles II took much interest in the starting of his
I loyal Society, he found difficulty in assisting its progress with
the financial support of which it necessarily stood in need. The
riments which formed so large and important a part of
the Society's work must have involved considerable expense, all
which had to be defrayed by the Fellows themselves. The need
additional funds was so urgent that in the same year in
1 Pej.ys, who became I . U.S. in l<;()4, entered in his Diary for November 30, 1668 : ' I did iiif their ( ouneil, it heiiitf St. Andrew's Day, and I had his cross set on my
:iil, and co-t me ±v.'
Royal Soriety. or, Science in the State and in the Schools/ hy the late Sir William i>. \'l. In the Journal-book under date May 27, 1663, a resolution is recorded that from the D : the Society 'no Fellow shall depart without giving notice to
the President', and that ' the President, when in the Chair is to be covered, notwithstand- ing the Fellows of tlie Society he uncovered \
Aul.v. .,1. ii. part ii, j,. 4»0.
:?)!)on on the
.her. his
Fellows
•
•
:ch is
i Society for annual ould
and
. The
P.M. l\
Tin: MACK, i'in:si;\TKi> JJY KIN<; CHAUI.KS II
EARLY KIXAXCIAL STKA1TS
which the first Charter was granted application was made to the King for a grant of lands or other property in Ireland, when- the Duke of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant, was charged with the rearrangement of confiscated property. The King even wrote personal letters to the Duke strongly recommending the Society for *a liberal contribution from the adventurers and officers of Ireland for the better encouragement of them in their designs . As nothing came of the royal appeal the Society in 1663 directly petitioned the Duke himself, but without success.
Early in 1664 a proposal was considered ' to solicit a grant from the King of such lands as were left by the sea '. Another suggestion was ' that the King might be spoken to, to confer such offices in the Courts of Justice, or the Custom House, as were in his Majesty's grant, upon some members of the Society for the use of the whole '. At last a petition was sent up to the King praying him to grant Chelsea College l and the lands belonging to it to the Society. There were many legal obstacles to this grant, but at last in the year 1669 the property was finally conveyed to the Royal Society (see portea, p. 27). In the meantime it was firmly resolved 'that every member of the Council should think on ways to raise a revenue for carrying on the design and work of the Society'. The need of strenuous exertions to augment the income became all the more urgent as increasing difficulty was found in obtaining the ordinary subscrip- tions of the FeUows. At the end of eleven years (1673) it was found that the arrears amounted to almost £2,000. (See note on the 'Bonds', p. 173.) In later years, after the adoption of a regulation that defaulters with their subscriptions beyond a certain period of time lost their Fellowship, the contributions have been paid without trouble.
Regular or stated meetings of the Royal Society have been held weekly during the session from the beginning of its history, but the day of the week and the hour of assembly have some- what varied. At first in 1663 they took place on Wednesday at 2 p.m., but in July of the same year the hour was changed to
1 This was an institution founded by James I for the purpose of defending the established Church and refuting heresies. It had a Provost and seventeen Fellows, all theologians. But it did not thrive, and by the time of Charles II was turned into a kind of hospital or prison for the prisoners and wounded men in the war with the Dutch.
26 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
3 p.m. In 177(5 the time of the meeting was fixed for Thurs- day at r> p.m.. hut previous to this date changes had taken place from Wednesday to Thursday and back again, and from 3 p.m. to 4 p.m.. and again to (> p.m. Since 1710 the meetings have he-en on Thursdays, the hour being changed in 1780 from <i to « p.m.. and about 1831 to 8.30 p.m. In 1880 the meetings ceased to he held in the evening, the hour being altered to 4.30 p.m.. at which time it still remains. The Fellows, however, are in the habit of meeting for general conversation in the tea- room from 4 o'clock till the opening of the meeting at 4.30.
The habitat of the Royal Society has likewise undergone various changes during the last two centuries and a half. The meetings con- ti n i icd to be held at Gresham College for some years, but they were interrupted by two successive calamities which befell the City of 1 Condon. After June 28, 1665, they were for more than eightmonths discontinued on account of the Great Plague, when the Court and a large part of society fled from the pestilence. Some of the Fellows of the Royal Society, however, who had public functions to discharge, remained courageously in London, and at imminent risk of infection continued the active prosecution of their duties. Thus John Evelyn gave up his time and energies to the anxious work that devolved upon him as one of the three Commissioners appointed to take care of the sick and wounded and the prisoners in the war which had been declared against Holland. Samuel IVpys. too, stuck to his important Admiralty post with its multi- farious engagements. The entries in the diaries of these two contemporaries, especially that of Pepys, bring vividly before the imagination the appalling nature of the scourge. Oldenburg the Secretary, together with his family, likewise bravely remained in London, and escaped the infection.
After the plague began to abate the meetings of the Society wen- resumed at Gresham College on March 14, 1665-6. Rut before long they were again rudely interrupted by the disaster of the Great Fire of London, which broke out on the night of the 2nd September of that year. The meetings which were due on the 5th and 12th of that month were not held, and though the Society seems to have met on the 19th and some following weeks at Dr. Tope's lodging, or in other rooms in Gresham
THE SOCIETY AM) CHELSEA COLLKX.K 27
College, it had to leave the College, which, on account of the tiiv. was wanted as an Exchange until a new Exchange could be erected. On January !), 1666-7, the Society met at Anmdcl House, in the Strand, originally the Bishop of Bath's Palace, on the site now occupied by Arundel and Norfolk Streets, where rooms had been placed at its disposal by Mr. Henry Howard, who afterwards succeeded to the dukedom of Norfolk. This became the head -quarters of the Society until near the end of the year 1673.
During the seven years in which the meetings were held at Arundel House the question of obtaining a habitation of their own was discussed by the Fellows. As already stated, it was in the early summer of the year 1667 that the King's gift of Chelsea College was made, when land amounting to nearly thirty acres, together with all the buildings upon the ground, was handed over to the Society. This gift is thus mentioned by Evelyn : * 24th Sep- tember [1667]. Returned to London where I had orders to deliver the possession of Chelsea College (used as my prison during the war with Holland for such as were sent from the fleet to London) to our Society, as a gift of his Majesty, our Founder.' The warrant for a new Charter (the third) granting this property to the Royal Society was dated May 24, 1667. But some delay occurred in the completion of the legal formalities connected with the benefaction, and it was not until April 8, 1669, that the third Charter was signed, by which the Chelsea property was vested in the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society. On the 19th of next month Evelyn recorded that ' at a Council of the Royal Society our grant was finished in which his Majesty gives us Chelsea College and some land about it '.
Before three years had passed, however, the King thought that the Chelsea property might be better employed for another pur- pose, and he accordingly desired to repurchase it from the Royal Society. Evelyn's chronicle of this change of purpose is contained in the following entry in his Diary: * 14th September, 1681. Dined with Sir Stephen Fox, who proposed to me the purchasing of Chelsea College, which his Majesty had sometime since given to our Society, and would now purchase it again to build an hospital or infirmary for soldiers there, in which he desired my
•J8 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
assistance- as one of the Council of the Royal Society.' To this proposal the President (Sir Christopher Wren) and the Council assented, and a sum of £l,8()0 was paid in recompense for the surrender. Thus the ground on which Chelsea Hospital stands was once the property of the Royal Society.
But even after the Chelsea College and ground had been promised, and before the property was repurchased by the King, the Fellows of the Society contemplated the erection of their future home on a more central site. Mr. Henry Howard having ottered to present a portion of ground for the erection of a college on the land near Arundel House, Committees were formed at the beginning of the year 1667-8 for the purpose of collecting funds for the building. On the 24th of January of that year, as Evelyn narrates, • we went to stake out ground for building a college for the Royal Society at Arundel House, but did not finish it ; which we shall repent of.' A few months later he states : ' 2nd April, KMI8. To the Royal Society, where I subscribed 50,000 bricks towards building a College.' In the course of a few months a con- siderable sum of money was subscribed, and two plans for the building, one by Mr. Howard and theother by Mr.Hooke,were sub- mitted. But there appear to have been some legal difficulties as to tin t itle of the ground. At all events, the scheme was allowed to drop, and the Society continued to meet under the hospitable roof of Arundel House for five years more. At last the new Exchange was completed and Gresham College became once more available.
On December 1, 1673, Evelyn made the following entry in his Diary: • To (iresham College whither the City had invited the Royal Society by many of their chief aldermen and magistrates, who gave us a collation, to welcome us to our first place of assembly, from whence we had been driven to give place to the City on their making it their Exchange, on the dreadful confla- gration, till their new Exchange was finished, which it now was/
Though it was doubtless in many respects of advantage to re- occupy their old quarters in (iresham College, the desirability of having premises of their own in which they could accommodate their growing library and continually increasing collection of • rarities ' was not lost sight of. Moreover, as years went on, circumstances arose which made the tenancy of the rooms at
THE SOCIETY'S SEVERAL ABODES 29
Gresham College somewhat uncertain. At last, under the Presi- dency of Sir Isaac Newton, the Council determined to leave that institution. There was naturally a sentimental regret on th< part of a number of the Fellows to remove from what had IK en the birthplace of the Society, to which it was attached by many pleasant associations. Hut in 1710 a house was finally purchased with borrowed money in CraneCourt, Fleet Street (Plate IX). and the Society met there under its own roof on November 8 of that year. These premises continued to be the Society's abode for seventy years, until in the autumn of 1780 rooms in Somerset House were placed at its disposal by the Government. These were occupied in time to allow the anniversary meeting to be held there on November 30 of that year.
The Royal Society remained at Somerset House up till 1 8,57 when, the apartments in that building being required for Govern- ment offices, the Society was temporarily transferred to that part of Burlington House which is now occupied by the offices of the Royal Academy of Arts. The new wings with quadrangle and gateway to Piccadilly were subsequently added, and in 1873 the Society took up its quarters in the east wing, where apartments were arranged to suit its requirements and which it has occupied ever since. (Plates XIX, XX.)
During the early years of the Society the proceedings at an ordinary meeting differed a good deal from what has now for a long time become the settled practice. Instead of the reading and discussion of formal papers attention was then mainly given to experiments which were performed by the Fellows themselves or by officials appointed by them.1 There was likewise an active correspondence between the Society and observers at home and abroad, which was reported at the meetings. The general character of a meeting in the infancy of the Society may be gathered from the following excerpt from the Journal-book of date September 10, 1662 :
'Mersennus, his account of the tenacity of cylindrical! bodies was read !>v Mr. Croone, to whome the prosecution of that matter by consulting Galihro,
1 Sprat states that the chief work at the meetings was the 'directing, judging1, conjecturing, improving and discoursing upon experiments '. Hist., p. 05.
:u> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
was ivi'i-rivd \\hcn tin- translation of that Italian treatise wherein he handleth of tliis subject shall bee printed.
• It was order'd, that, at the next meeting Experiments should bee made with wires of seurall matters of yl- same si/e, silver, copper, iron, &c., to see what \\ciglit will breake them; the curatour is Mr. Croone.
•The reading of the trench manuscript brought, in by Sr. Robert Moray about taking heights and distances by Catoptric ks was diffcrred till the description of the instrument should come.
4 Dr. Goddard ' made an experiment concerning the force that presseth the dimensions; and it was found, that twelve ounces did contract .rt of A ire. The quantity of Air is wanting.
• Mv Lord Brouncker was desired to send his Glasse to Dr. Goddard, to make further e\]>eriments about the force of pressing the aire into less dimensions.
• Dr. Wren was put in mind to prosecute Mr. Rook's observations con- cerning the motions of the Satellites of Jupiter.
• Dr. Charleton read an Essay of his, concerning the velocity of sounds, direct and retlexe, and was desired to prosecute this matter; and to bring his discourse again next day to bee entered.
• Dr. Goddard made the Experiment to show how much aire a man's lungs mav hold, bv sucking up water into a separating glasse after the lungs have been well emptied of Aire. Severall persons of the Society trying it, some sucked tip in one suction about three pintes of water, one six, another eight pintes and three quarters, »S:c. Here was observed the variety of whistles or tones, which y' water made at the several 1 hights, in falling out of the glasse again.
• Mi. Kvelyn's Experiment was brought in of Animal engrafting, and in particular of making a Cock spur grow on a Cock's head.
• It uas discoursed whether there bee any such thing as sexes in trees and other plants; some instances were brought of Palme trees, plum trees, hollies, Ash trees, Quinces, pionies, &c., wherein a difference was said to be found, either in their bearing of fruit or in their hardnesse and softness, or in their mcdicall operations: some said that the difference which is in trees as to fertility or sterility may bee made1 by ingrafting.
• Mention was made by Sr. Rob. Moray of a French Gentleman who having been some while since in England, and present, at a meeting of the Society, discoursed that the nature of all trees was to run altogether to wood, which Wai changed by a certaine way of cutting them, whereby they were made against, their nature to heaiv fruit, and that according as this cutting was done with more or lesse skill, the more or less fruitfull the tree would bee.
1 Of Dr. Jonathan < m.lilanl, Auhrey remarks that, the lloyal Society 'made him their drudge. tor when any curious experiment wa* to he doiine, they would lay the taske on him'. ' Mrief Lives,' vol. i, |». 'JOtl.
EXPERIMENTS AT THK MEETINGS :n
fc A proposition was offered by Sr. Robert Moray about the planting of Timber in England and the preserving of what U now growing.
4 Mr. Boyle shew\l a Pnppey in a certaine liquour, wlierein it had been preserved during all the hott months of the Summer, though in a broken and unsealed glasse.
* Sir James Shaen proposed a Candidate by Sr. Rob. Moray."
So important a part did experiments play in the early work of the Royal Society that the Society (as in the Wan-ant for its Mace) could be spoken of as one * for the improving of Natural Knowledge by experiments'. The experiment was performed for and by itself, and not merely, as at present, in illustration of a * paper communicated '. Papers were read then as now ; but the reading of such papers formed only a part, and by no means a great part, of the business of the meeting. Much time was spent in discussing the bearings of such experiments as were shown, and in devising other experiments to be exhibited at some subsequent meeting, or in instituting investigations to be carried out in divers places and under various circumstances.
The importance of the experiments performed at the meetings is shown by the Society early availing itself of the power granted to it by the Charter of * appointing two or more curators of experiments', and appointing to this office Robert Hooke, who had been assistant to Boyle, admitting him also as a Fellow of the Society. He was elected Curator to the Society on January 11, 1664-5, ' for perpetuity, with a salary of £30 a year, pro temporej apartments being assigned to him for residence. He held the appointment concurrently with the secretaryship, to which he was elected in 1677. In 1684 Papin was chosen joint Curator with Hooke, and continued so until 1687, when he became Professor at Marburg. Both Hooke and Papin were very active in providing experiments to be shown at the meetings. The early Journal -books record hundreds of experiments devised by Hooke.
There appear to have been additional Curators for special departments, besides the general Curatorship of Hooke. Thus, in November, 1667, Dr. Lomer was appointed ' Curator in Anatomical Experiments'. In April, 1672, Dr. Grew was appointed ' to be a Curator to the Royal Society for the Anatomy
;j-j RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
of Plants for a year, upon subscriptions amounting to £50, to be made by such membeis of the Society as sbould be willing to contribute thereto', and in December of that year the Council promised to 'recommend him to the Society, to continue him another year, if the subscribers would please to continue their contributions'. Whether he was actually continued does not appear. It will also be noticed that in the account of the meeting of September 10, 1(>62, given above, Mr. Croone is named as the Curator of a special series of experiments.
On February '27. l<>8:*-4, 'Mr. Hally was desired to bring in experiments at the meetings of the Society in the manner of a Curator, and lie should be considered for it as others had been. He was desired to proceed first upon magnetism, which he promised to doe.'
On May "27, 1(>85, Mr. Molt was 'imployed in making the chymical operations', and in 1707 Dr. Douglas and Mr. Hawksbee similarly employed to prepare experiments, and were paid for so doing, but do not appear to have borne the title of Curator. Dr. Desaguliers, however, seems to have received this title. He was elected a Fellow on July 15, 1714, and was excused his fees, on account of his usefulness in the Curatorship.
Some of the early experiments were instituted at the instigation
of King Cliarlcs II; and, in the first years of the Society's
existence, appear to have been often prepared in such form as
would be likely to interest him should he attend the meeting.
On one occasion he sent two loadstones and desired to have an
•unt of some of the more considerable experiments made with
them. To another meeting his contribution consisted of 'five
little glass hubbies, two with liquor in them, and the other three
solid, in order to have the judgment of the Society concerning
them . Again, his Majesty inquired 'why the sensitive plants
stir and contract themselves upon being touched', and five of the
most eminent Fellows — Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Clarke, Mr. Boyle,
Mr. K\elyn. and Dr. (ioddard — were appointed 'curators for
mining the fact relating to these plants'. The King even
invoked the Society's co-operation in an important geodetic task.
We read in the Journal-book of October 21, 1669, that 'the
Bishop of Chester [John Wilkins] acquainted the Society that
SUBJECTS DISCUSSED AT EARLY MKK1 I\(,s :w
his Majesty had expressed his desire of having determined t lie- measure of a degree upon the Earth, and did expect the assistance of this Society in it '. A committee, consisting of the President (Lord Brouncker), the Bishop of Salisbury (Seth Ward), the Bishop of Chester, Sir Robert Moray, Sir Paul Neile, Dr. Wallis, Dr. Christopher Wren, Dr. Goddard, and Mr. Hooke, was nominated to consider the subject and report to the Society.
In those days the insatiable curiosity that had been stimulated by the * Novum Organon ' led men to pry with eager enthusiasm into every department of Nature. Bacon had complained that 'things of familiar and frequent occurrence do not arrest and detain the thoughts of men, but are received in passing without any inquiry into their causes '. He insisted that * things that are mean or even filthy, no less than the most splendid and costly, must be admitted into Natural History. Nor is Natural History polluted thereby ; for the sun enters the sewer, no less than the palace, yet takes no pollution.' It was in this spirit that the philosophers of the middle of the seventeenth century originated and organized their Society. Naturally they took a more com- prehensive view of their aims and sphere of work than has in later times been deemed necessary or expedient. Not only did they deal with pure and applied science, but they extended their inquiries far and wide among arts and industries, carrying out the view of their great predecessor, that one of their paramount duties lay in the fostering of the progress of discovery and invention in all that concerned the material well-being of society.
The enumeration of topics discussed at the meetings of the Royal Society during the first years of its history, contained in the letter of Dr. Wallis already quoted, shows over what a wide range the interest of the members extended. But the pages of the Journal-book contain references to many other matters that were considered, and sometimes made the subject of experiment. How keenly alive the Society was to take advantage of every opportunity of advancing knowledge may be estimated from the elaborate series of observations on the depth, movements, and composition of the ocean which were devised to be carried out by the Earl of Sandwich on his voyage to Lisbon to bring over the bride of Charles II. As the Society included some able
i)
34 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
astronomers, discussions of astronomical problems were not in- frequently included in the proceedings, and Christopher Wren, • that rare and early prodigy <>*' universal science,' was even charged by the Society, in the King's name, to make a globe of the moon, on which he delineated the superficial features of the satellite. On the biological side the inquiries were no less varied. The vegetation of plants, the anatomy of trees, the circular rings in their wood, the spirals of nut-trees, and other botanical matters came up for consideration. Still more extended and diverse were the inquiries in /oology. Christopher Wren, who among his many accomplishments studied insects with the microscope, described to the Society and exhibited drawings of those which he examined. Other communications, accompanied where' possible by experimental illustration, included the effects of poison on different animals, the effects on animals of being placed in Boyle's air-pump, the ligature of vipers from the tail to the head, the history and generation of insects, the history of vipers, observations on a live chameleon, and many more. Medical subjects were likewise discussed. In the Journal-book for June, 1 <i<;i , curators are stated to have been appointed for ' the proposal of tormenting a man with the sympathetic powder'; while in the same month, Sir Kenelm Digby gravely * related that the calcined ponder of toades reverberated, being applyed in baggs uppon the stomach of a pestiferate body, cures it by severall applications'. \o art or craft appears to have been thought unworthy of consideration with a view to the possible improve- ment of its methods. We read in the Journal-book of a catalogue of trades, and of inquiries into the history of engraving and (tching, shipbuilding, cloth-making, the manufacture of hats, cider, copperas, and other articles.
An important feature in the history of the Royal Society has been its long an<l intimate connexion with the Royal Observatory at (.ivcnwich. This institution, the most important observatory in the world, and from which the longitudes in all countries are now counted, was somewhat hurriedly established by Charles II. Tin- erection of a building was begun in 1075, for the purpose of 'finding ()Ut the longitude for perfecting navigation and astro- nomy. An 'astronomical Observator " was appointed,; and the
FOKKIUN CORRESPONDENCE
illustrious Flamsteed was chosen for the office. The exp erecting the building was not to exceed C.500. l>ut no provision was made for fitting the establishment with the necessary instruments. and tor some fifteen years none were furnished by the Government. In the meantime, however, the Royal Society lent such astro nomical instruments as it possessed, and Flamsteed, at his own charges and with the assistance of friends, added others. In December, 1710, Queen Anne appointed the President, and such other of the Fellows of the Royal Society as he should think fit, to be Visitors of the Observatory. This arrangement, with some modifications, still subsists. At the accession of William IV the Hoard of Visitors was reconstituted so as to consist of the President and five Fellows of the Royal Society, the President and five Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society, together with the Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford and the Plumian Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge. The Board is reappointed at the commencement of each sovereign's reign, but its constitu- tion has remained nearly unchanged. At present there are six representatives of the two Societies besides their presidents, and the Hydrographer of the Navy has been added (pp. 298-301).
From the outset of its career much of the energy of the Society was spent in foreign correspondence, in giving information or advice upon inquiries that were received, in seeking news, or in instigating researches in foreign places. The Letter-books of the Society contain many letters that passed between the Society and various learned bodies and individuals abroad ; the first Letter- book begins with one dated July 22, 1661, and addressed by the then President, Sir Robert Moray, to Monsieur de Monmort, requesting the interchange of scientific communications. M. de Monmort, a mathematician of note, was the patron of science at whose house in Paris there assembled that small body of savants who later, in 1666, were incorporated as the * Academic des Sciences '.
In order to carry out investigations more efficiently, special committees were appointed to make inquiries concerning par- ticular questions, and to report thereon, as, for instance, when Sir John Lawson desired that a committee might be appointed * to examine Mr. Greatrix's Diving-instrument, or to direct a good
D 2
;{i; HKC01U) OF THE KOVAL SOCIETY
lor staying under water for a considerable time, to lay the
foundation of the mole at Tangier ' (Council Minutes, January 13,
Moreoxer, permanent committees were instituted, each
to take ch, some special branch of natural knowledge, or
1C o-roup of industries. Thus, in the first year after the second
rter, on March :«). 1<><;4, the following eight committees
re appointed :
• 1. Mechanical. To consider of and improve all Mechanical Inventions. |(>9 names. |
Vstronomical and Optical. [15 names.] \natomical. All the Physitinns of the Society, Mr. Boyle, Dr. Wilkins,
Mr. Hook.
4. Chymical. Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Boyle, Sr. Kenelme Digby, Mr. Charles Howard, Mr. Henshaxv, Mr. Le Febure, Sr. Robert Paston, All the Phvsitians of the Society. .">. (ii-orgu-id. \ti£ names.]
6. For Histories of Trades. [35 names.]
7. For Collecting all the Phaenornena of Nature hitherto observed, and
all Kxperiments made and recorded. [21 names.]
8. For Correspondence. [20.] ' l
The titles of these committees sufficiently show to how large an extent the early energies of the Society were directed towards the improvement of arts and industries. This side of the Society's work xvas recogni/ed as far back as the first year of its corporate existence. In the Journal-book, under date October 15, 1662, it is recorded that the King had given an additional proof of his favour to the Society, by declaring his pleasure that no patent should pass for any philosophical or mechanical invention, but what was first put to the examination of the Society. Fifty ;s later a similar direction was issued by Queen Anne : ' Her Majesty has been pleased to give order that whatever new mechanical invention he brought before the Privy Council in order to obtain a 1 'at ent, the same shall be referred to the Exami- nation of the Koyal Society before the Patent be passed.' A still more signal proof of the Queen's desire to promote the interests <>f "id to make practical use of the Royal Society for that
purpose xvas shown at the- same time. * Her Majesty had given order that, her Ministers, Admirals, and Officers going abroad
1 MS. Journal-book, vol. ii, fol. 01.
THE REPOSITORY OF RARITIES
should receive Direetions and Instructions from the Royal Society for making Inquiries relating to the Improvement of Natural Philosophy.' l Since those days the gradual increase in the num- ber and scope of the Government departments has relieved the Royal Society of most of these duties, hut it still acts as a kind of advisoiy board to the Government on matters wherein scientific opinion is required. Some of its various committees are entirely concerned with researches conducted at the request of one or other of these official departments. Further information on this subject will he found on subsequent pages (see Chapters IX and XI).
Another function of the Royal Society during the first century of its history may be here referred to. The habit, of collecting what were called 'rarities' was then in full vogue, and various private collections were to be found in different parts of the country, wherein, besides valuable and interesting specimens in natural history and antiquities, all sorts of curiosities, natural and artificial, were gathered together. There was at that time no public institution to which zoological, botanical, geological, or mineralogical specimens could be sent for examination or preser- vation. The Society, therefore, properly undertook the task of collecting, arranging, and cataloguing specimens in all depart- ments of natural science, doubtless in those days including much that might be curious, but had no real scientific value. Some care, however, was exercised to prevent the inclusion of useless or undesirable objects-. Thus in a letter from Oldenburg to Boyle of January 18, 1067-8, it is mentioned that persons, not Fellows, who desired to present specimens to the Society were obliged to show them first to the President ' for fear of lodging unknownly ballads and buffooneries in these scoffing times '.
The British Museum was not created until 1753. For nearly a hundred years, therefore, the Royal Society's Repository was the centre to wrhich specimens of every kind were sent from all parts of the country and from abroad.2 By the spring of 16G6, that is in three or four years, it had grown so much that a committee was
1 Journal-book, xi, p. 32(5, January -2'2. 1712-UJ. When the thanks of the Society u en- given to the Queen for these marks of her consideration, she ' was pleased to express lier intention of countenancing and encourairinir the studies of the Society'.
2 In his history of the early years of the Royal Society, Sprat remarks : ' All places and corners are now busy and warm about this work ; and we find many noble rarities to be
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
appointed to put order in the Society's collection of ' natural rarities V
Hut besides receiving the various objects that were presented to it, the Society at one time employed an emissary to travel over the country tor the purpose of collecting other specimens, more cularly in natural history.- Thus in the Journal-book under date October -Jl, Hitil), it is recorded that 'Thomas Willisell the botanick Traveller, entertained by the Society, brought in his collection of plants gathered in several parts of England and Scotland, together with some rare Scottish fowl and fish '. It is added that Dr. Merret ' digested these plants ', and Mr. Hooke was instructed to * take the whole collection into his custody, for the Repository, making first an Inventory of them and producing that before the Society"^
In less than twenty years the Repository had increased so much that a folio volume of nearly 500 pages was published as a cata- logue and description of its contents. The title-page of this book runs as follows : ' Musaeum Regalis Societatis or a Catalogue and Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society and preserved at Gresham Colledge : made by Xehemiah Grew M.D. Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Colledge of Physitians : London, Printed by W. Rawlins for the Author U)81." The objects are there arranged methodically, beginning with ' Humane Rarities' and descending through the various grades «of the animal and vegetable kingdoms to the different kinds of stones and metals. It presents an interesting compendium from which the state of knowledge in regard to natural history at that time may be inferred.
Within the range of the biological inquiries contemplated by
in, nut only l»y the hands of learned and professed philosophers ; but from ' hanic-, from the voyages of merchants, from the ploughs of husbandmen .
&sh-poad», the parks, the gardene of irentlemen.' Hist. Roy. Sor.,
p. 71. In 177'.' \vhen th,. Society was ahoiit to remove to Somerset Mouse the con-
,c Iv'-jio-itory were handed over to the British Museum. Kv,-l\n. Diary. April I. IC.CC,.
Thomas \Villi-ell, the emi>-:iry thus employed, was furnished with Ji commission -eal and recommending him ' to all generous and ingenuous spirits' iieir a—Mann- • in promoting a work s,, .renerally heneticial to all mankind'. K\elyn'- entry of the same date is as follows: 'Our English Itinerant presented an ,nt of his autumnal peregrination ahoiit. England, for which we hired him, dried fowls, Hsli, plants, animal
ANATOMIC "AL STUDIES 39
the group of men who originated the Royal Society human anatomy was included. Special provision was made for the proseeution of this subject by a clause in the second Charter which »-nve the President, Council, and Fellows the same right * to demand and receive the bodies of executed criminals, and to anatomize them, as the College of Physicians and the Company of Surgeons of London use or enjoy'. On January 20. H»r,:{ \. at a meeting of the Council, 'The general and particular Warrants to demand Bodies for dissection, drawn up by Sr Anthony Morgan, were read and approved.' The original copy of this general Warrant, signed by Lord Brouncker, is preserved in the Archives of the Society. The privilege appears to have been exercised for a time with considerable vigour, Dr. Charleton being appointed, by a Resolution of April 20th in the same year, 4 to have the care of Dissecting Bodies for one year.' But although there are several entries in the Council Minutes relating to Anatomical Experiments, and in June, 1668, Henry Howard, afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk, gave the Society a room in Arundel House for that purpose, no clear reference to the privi- lege in question has been found later than the Minute of August 29, 1666, when it was ordered ' That an Amanuensis should make a Copy of the Warrant for demanding a Body for dissection, to be performed in Gresham College by some of the Fellows of the Society at their own charges '. Ultimately the practice fell wholly into abeyance ; but the biological side of the Society's operations was never lost sight of, and for many years past has been in vigorous growth.
From the beginning of its history the Royal Society has devoted much attention to the publication of the communications made to it by its Fellows and others. Within three years from the granting of the first Charter the issue of the Philosophical Trans- actions was commenced, and it is still continued. Particulars regarding this part of the Society's undertakings will be found in the Statutes (pp. 117-58) and in the « Notes on the History of the Statutes ' (pp. 150-73). It may be enough in this place to remark that from the appearance of the first number of the Transactions on Monday, March 6, 1664-5, the preparation, printing, and publication of this work were for some time ' the single act ot
40 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
the ivspectiw Secretaries' (being, in fact, in the first instance a speculation on the part of Henry Oldenburg), though a certain supen ision was exercised by the President and Council. This system was continued through 4(> volumes consisting of 496 numbers. With the 47th volume, published in 1753 (the pub- lication in numbers was thenceforward discontinued) , the publica- tion \\as placed by new Statutes directly in the hands of the President and Council, a Committee of Papers being established. In addition to the Philosophical Transactions, the Society, having powers by its Charter to appoint a printer and engraver, published or sanctioned the publication of separate works on natural knowledge. Among the works which received its imprimatur are the following :
Hooke, Robert, k Micrographia : or some Physiological Descriptions of
Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses.1 Folio. London 1665. (iraunt, John, ' Natural and political Observations . . . made upon the Bills of Mortality, with reference to the Government, Religion, Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, and the several changes of the City [of London].*1 (3rd edition, enlarged.) 8vo. London 1665. Sprat, Thomas, 'The History of the Royal-Society of London, for the
Improving of Natural Knowledge.1 4to. London 1667. Malpighi, Marcello, 'Dissertatio epistolica de Bombyce ; Societati Regiae
Londini dicata.' 4to. Londini 1669. Holder, William, 'Elements of Speech; with an Appendix, concerning
Persons Deaf and Dumb.' 8vo. London 1669.
Kvrlyiu .John. * Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees.' Folio. London 1670. Horrocks, Jeremiah, l Opera [Astronomica] posthuma."1 4to. Londini 1673. Malpi^lii, Marcvllo, " Anatome Plantarum.1 Folio. Londini 1675. Willughby, FrancU, 4 Ornithologiae libri tres ; totum opus recognovit,
digosit, supplevit Joannes Rains.' Folio. Londini 1676. K\elyn. John, k A Philosophical Discourse of Earth, relating to the Culture and Improvement of it. for Vegetation . . .' 8vo. London 1676.
• I'hiloM.phical Collections1 [by Robert Hooke].1 4to. London 1679-82.
• Lectionrs Cntlerianae, or a Collection of Lectures : Physical, Mechanical,
.raphical, and Astronomical . . / 4to. London 1679. Al Tracts, by Robert Hooke. 4to. 1679-82.
in, l)eni>. 'A V\\ Dieter, or Engine for softning Bones.' 4to.
Ion
' ' Ordrr.-d ami •!.-!,•«••! That Mr. Huok<> nmy jmlilish (as he hath now declared he is li.-.-t or two every fortnight of such Phylosophicall matters as he shall iiirct with from ...n.l'-. not making use of any thing conteind in the Register
llook< witliout tlie leave of the ( ounrel and Author.' Council Minutes, July 3, 1679.
TUK Ho.NOl RABI,I I.
I>V I'. Kt'l'X'll! . ,;x (>f tilt' Hi
.ee a
rtain
ii. This
j of 496
:•* (the pub-
!he publica-
of the
hed.
Society, iver,
1 works on h receiver
London l(i
the Bills owth,
ulture
4«to.
.1 he \*
THK HoxouRAiiLK ROHKUT Bovu: From a painting by F. Kerseboom, in the rooms of the Royal Society
WORKS PUBLISHED BY THK SOCIKTY M
Grew, Nehcmiah, ( Musacum Regalis Societatis: or a Catalogue and Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society, and pri-siTu-d at Greshain CoUedge*' Folio. London 1681.
Grew, Nehemiah, 'The Anatomy of Plants. With an Idea of a Philo- sophical History of Plants, and several other Lectures rend before tin- Royal Society.1 Folio. London 1682.
Willughby, F., 'Historia Piscium.' London 1686.
Ray, John, ' Historia Plantarum, Species hactenus cditas aliasque insnper multas noviter inventas et descriptas coinplectens . . .' Folio. 2 vols. Londini 1686-8.
Flamsteed, John, 4 Tide-table for 1687.'
Papin, Denis, ' A Continuation of the New Digester of Bones ; together with some Improvements and new Uses of the Air-pump.1 4to. London 1687.
Newton, Isaac, ' Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Autore Is. Newton.1 Imprimatur: S. Pepys, Reg. Soc. Praeses. Julii 5, 1686. 4to. Londini 1687.1
Malpighi, Marcello, ' Opera Posthuma."' Folio. Londini 1697.
4 Commercium Epistolicum D. Johannis Collins, et aliorum de Analysi promota : jussu Societatis Regiae in lucem editum." 4to. Londini 1712.2
The foundation of the Royal Society was hailed as a notable event by some of the most eminent literary men of the day. Dryden in graceful verses extolled the achievements of Bacon, and the work of his successors in the paths of experimental philosophy.3 Cowley, whose keen interest in the advancement of that philosophy has been already referred to, composed a laudatory ode on the Royal Society which appeared in 1667, prefixed to Sprat's History of the Society. But these early felicitations were soon succeeded by effusions of a wholly different tone. The general community was not yet prepared to welcome so novel an experiment as the association of a company of leisured men for the purpose, not of
1 ( Ordered -That Mr. Newton's book be printed forthwith in a quarto of a fair letter. .Journal-book, May 19, 1686.
' Ordered that Mr. Newton's book be printed, and that E. Halley shall undertake the business of looking after it, and printing it at his own charge, which he engaged to do.' Council Minutes, June 2, 1686. The funds of the Society had been exhausted by the publication of Willughby' a book on fishes.
* Ordered that the President be desired to licence Mr. Newton's book ontitule " Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica", and dedicated to the Society.' Council Minutes, June 30, 1686.
2 Some of the more important separate publications of subsequent years \\ill be found enumerated at p. 278.
8 Epistle to Dr. Charleton.
PJ RKCOIU) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
political intrigue or of literary or antiquarian co-operation, but of devoting themselves to the earnest investigation of Nature. The Society had hardly taken definite shape before it was assailed with vituperation, and for about a century and a half it continued to be a mark for the shafts of ridicule launched by some of the foremost men of letters in each successive generation.
The volume which contained Cowley's complimentary poem included also evidence that already, within less than four years from its start, the institution of the Royal Society and the doings of its members had roused the antagonism of two classes of opponents. We learn that, on the one hand, ' some over-zealous I)i\ ines do reprobate Natural Philosophy as a carnal knowledge, and a too much minding worldly things,' while on the other side, • the men of the world and business esteem it meerly as an idle matter of fancy and as that which disables us from taking right measures in humane affairs.' ' The greatest part of men, if they can bring inquirers [into Experimental Philosophy] under the scornful titles of Philosophers, or Schollars or Virtuosi, it is enough : they presently conclude them to be men of another world, only fit companions for the shadow and their own melan- choly whimsies.' l
That the aims and pursuits of the Society should have been looked upon as tending to the subversion of religion seems strange when it is remembered that the most notable among the early Fellows was Robert Boyle, who, besides being the most illustrious physicist of his day, was distinguished for his piety and benevo- lence, for his active efforts to circulate translations of the Bible in the East, and for his institution of the Boyle Lectures, still annually given, in defence of Christianity. He wrote a remark- able treatise which, under the title of ' The Christian Virtuoso', als his own pure and lofty character. In that work he begins by remarking that some had thought it ' very strange that I, whom they are pleased to look upon as a diligent cultivater of experimental philosophy, should be a concerned embracer of the Christian religion'.-' He adduces many proofs of how much more the virtuosi see than others can 'of the diverse excellencies displayed in the fabric and conduct of the universe, and of the
1 Sprat. Ili~t., pp. •_><;, L'7. Moyle's Works, I?!*!-', vol. v, p. 512.
MISCONC Kl'TION AND MISREPRESENTATION I ;
creatures it consists <>t". He will not admit that his interco with men of science in any degree disposes him to atheism, and he thinks that there are not so many speculative atheists as men are wont to imagine. Having had a tolerably wide familiarity with naturalists, not only of this but of foreign countries, he declares that he has met with 'so few true atheists that I am very apt to think that men's want of due information or their uncharitable /eal has made them mistake or misrepresent many for deniers of God, that are thought such, chiefly because they take uncommon methods in studying His works, and have other sentiments of them than those of vulgar philosophers.' l
Notwithstanding Boyle's earnest and eloquent Apologia, the charges against science and scientific men which he so well refuted continued to be brought forward all through the centuries. They are hardly ever to be heard now, but there are not a few living Fellows of the Royal Society who remember when they were still from time to time fulminated from pulpit and platform.
Now and then depreciatory comments on the aims and objects of the Royal Society were to be heard even within the walls of the Universities. Thus on July 9, 1669, at the Oxford Encaenia, as Evelyn records, ' Dr. South, the university Orator, made an eloquent speech, which was very long, and not without some malicious and indecent reflections on the Royal Society, as underminers of the University, which was very foolish and untrue, as well as unseasonable.' There must have been many who listened with surprise to this attack, when they remembered the noble share that the Warden and some of the Fellows of Wadham College had taken only a few years before in the fostering of science and the foundation of the Royal Society.
The popular misconception of the aims and practice of the experimental philosophers found its fullest expression in the writings of some of the more eminent literary men of the latter half of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth century. It requires no great effort of imagination to realize how easily this misconception arose and why it lasted so long. That a company of intelligent men should think it worth their while to devote themselves to inquiries into the most ordinary every-
1 Boyle's Works, 1792, vol. v, p. 51:,.
44 KKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
day phenomena; that they should meet together to encourage each other in such a pursuit, and with infinite labour and at no small cost should organize experiments to prove what nobody cared about or thought of disputing ; that they should give up valuable time to the study of such unattractive things as 4 beasts, fishes, birds, snails, caterpillars, flies '; that they should collect and arrange all manner of ' curiosities ' which were not worth house-room and appeared to have no practical use or sensible interest for anybody — all this seemed to be a novel mania oil which it was widely felt that no men with serious duties in life ought to waste their time.
Moreover, it should not be forgotten that the general name of * Virtuosi . which was then in common use, included not only the true men of science, sincerely anxious for the discovery of truth in every department of nature, but also dilettanti lovers of all manner of * articles of vertu ', as well as mere vulgar collectors who had a passion for gathering together whatever was ancient, uncommon, or odd. The term, at first employed in rather a complimentary sense, before long, on account of the vagaries of these indis- criminate collectors of 4 rarities1, came to acquire a more or less contemptuous meaning. And as it \vas not possible for the ignorant public to discriminate between the true seeker after science and the mere curio-hunter, the literary critic was naturally nothing loath to take advantage of his opportunity and to class the whole confraternity together, put them all into one common pillory, and pelt them with sarcasm and ridicule.
The Royal Society soon after its start began to have experience of this kind of treatment. Among the experiments conducted at its early meetings were those of Hooke with the lately perfected air-pump, or what was called 4 Mr. Boyle's engine', whereby some fundamental laws in the physics of the atmosphere were demonstrated. To the ordinary mind, however, the occupation of 'weighing the air " seemed incredibly inane. So it appeared even to Charles II. who, as Pepys records (February I, l<)(>3-4), ' mightily laughed at (iresham College, for spending time only in weighing of ayre, and doing nothing else since they sat.' When his Majesty, who took so friendly an interest in the Society's success, could not resist making fun of what had been only one,
OPPOSITION OK LITKKAUY C IKCLES
but an important one, of the numerous subjects that had engaged its attention, there were sure to be many ready to have their joke at the expense of the philosophers. On the stage they were held up to ridicule by Shadwell in his comedy of ' The Virtuoso' < l«;7<i). This dramatist, who, according to Dryden, * never deviated into sense,' must have perused with some diligence the early mini IK- is of the Philosophical Transactions in order to gather material for his farcical travesty. Samuel Butler indulged his caustic humour on the same subject, satirizing the Society in his ludi- crous ' Elephant in the Moon ', and enumerating —
Their learned speculations. And all their constant occupations. To measure wind, and weigh the air, And turn a circle to a square.1
Among the wits of Queen Anne's reign it continued to be the practice to disparage the virtuosi in general and the Fellows of the Royal Society in particular. Addison, for instance, in the ' Spectator' for December 31, 1711, wrote :
' Among those advantages which the public may reap from this paper, it is not the least that it draws men's minds off from the bitterness of party, and furnishes them with subjects of discourse that may be treated without warmth or passion. This is said to have been the first design of those gentlemen who set on foot the Royal Society ; and had then a very good effect, as it turned many of the greatest geniuses of that age to the disquisitions of natural knowledge, who, if they had engaged in politics with the same parts and application, might have set their country in a flame. The air-pump, the barometer, the quadrant, and the like inventions were thrown out to those
1 It is unnecessary to notice the attacks of the minor and now forgotten cavillers— the Stuhhes and Crosses and others who for various reasons assailed the infant Society. Various foreigners who visited London have left their impressions of the Royal Society. One of the earliest of these, Samuel Sorbiere, has given a kindly appreciation of the Society and its Fellows in a little volume, c Relation d'un voyage en Angleterre,' published in 1'aris in 1(»('»4. He was elected into the Society and his name appears in the list of the original Fellows. In 1710 London was visited by Z. C. von Uffenbach, who appears to have seen little to admire and much to find fault with in the habitation of the Society at < in-sham ( 'ollege, the condition of its Repository, the character of the later volumes of the Philosophical Transactions, and the standing of its Fellows, most of whom he regarded as mere apothecaries and such-like persons, who hardly understood Latin (( Merkwiirdige Reisen,' Frankfurt and Leip/ig, 1753, vol. Hi, p. 546 sq.). Faujas de Saint Fond, who saw a good deal of the Royal Society in 1784 when Sir Joseph Banks was President, has left a much more favourable account of it (' Voyage en Angleterre, en tfcosse,' &c. , tome I, chap, i and ii, Paris, 1797).
4<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
busy spirits, as tubs and barrels are to a whale, that he may let the ship sail on without disturbance, while he diverts himself with those innocent amuse- ment^"
As we have seen, * those busy spirits' retired of their own accord from the political troubles of the time to enjoy a freer and calmer air in the study of Nature. In another paper, the class of men who have nothing to do is said to include ' all contemplative tradesmen, titular physicians. Fellows of the Royal Society, Templars that are not given to- be contentious, and statesmen that are out of business V
There was sometimes a tone of singular bitterness in the invective, as in a paper in the ' Tatler ' (No. 236, October 12, 1710) attributed to Steele :
' There is no study more becoming a rational creature than that of Natural Philosophy ; but, as several of our modem virtuosi manage it, their speculations do not so much tend to open and enlarge the mind, as to contract and fix it upon trifles. This in England is in a great measure owing to the worthy elec- tions that are so frequently made in our Royal Society. They seem to be in a confederacy against men of polite genius, noble thought and diffusive learning ; and choose into their assemblies such as have no pretence to wisdom, but want of wit, or to natural knowledge, but ignorance of everything else. I have made some observations in this matter so long, that when I meet with a young fellow that is an humble admirer of these sciences, but more dull than the -}' the company, I conclude him to be a Fellow of the Royal Society.1
Swift, at greater length and with more laboured sarcasm, caricatured the philosophers in his ' Voyage to Laputa '. Pope, too. assailed them, but with a lighter touch. Assembling them to receive ' titles and degrees ' from the Queen of Dulness, he placed them in her presence among the —
More distinguished sort
Who study Shakespeare at the Inns of Court, Impale a Glow-worm, or Vertu profess, Shine in the dignity of F.R.S.2
It does not appear that this long-continued vituperation had any sensible effect in impeding the advancement of natural knowledge or hindering the progress of the Royal Society.
1 ' Spectator.' .March 12, 1710-11. * < Dunciad/ Book iv. 507.
GROWING RECOGNITION OF II IK SOCIETY 47
After the middle of the eighteentli century, as the aims of true science and the objects of the Society came to he better m stood, the antagonism, at least in its more blatant forms, gradually died away. On the one hand, men were brought to see that a Society which was joined by a long succession of archbishops, bishops, and other dignitaries of the Church, and which numb among its prominent members such laymen as Kobert Boyle and Isaac Newton, could hardly be accused of irreligious designs. ( )n the other hand, in view of the splendour of the discoveries in science which some of the Fellows had achieved, which t he- Society had been eager and proud to publish, and which had cast a fresh halo around the intellectual reputation of this country, the old charge of frivolousness was seen to be strangely inapplicable'. There was likewise a growing recognition by Government and by the country at large that the pursuit of science had many practical bearings on the conditions of life, and that, apart from its efforts to promote the advancement of natural knowledge, the Royal Society could often render other important services to the community.
Thus step by step the Society has not only outlived the opposition with which it was once assailed, but has steadily advanced in public estimation and has become a kind of council to which the various departments in the Government can and do appeal for advice and assistance in matters where expert scientific knowledge is needed. For although the vast development of physical and biological research during the last century has led to the creation of many other Societies, each devoted more par- ticularly to the cultivation of its own special branch of research, the Royal Society remains at their head as the one great institution in this country which embraces in its purview the whole wide realm of Nature, and elects into its ranks the most accomplished representatives of every department of science.
CHAPTER II
THK CHARTERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY CHARTA PRIMA,1
Praesidi, C'oneilio, et Sodalibus REGALIS SOCIETATIS Londini, a Rege CAROLO SECUNDO concessa,
A.I). MDCLXIT.
C A 110 1. us SKCIMHS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber- niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus, ad quos presentes Literae per- vcnc-rint, salutem.
Din multumque apudnos statuimus, ut imperii fines, sic etiam artes atque scientias ipsas proniovere. Favemus itaque omnibus disciplinis ; particulari auteni gratia indulgemus philosophicis studiis, praesertim iis (juae solidis experimentis conantur aut novam extundere philoso- phiani, aut expolire veterem. Ut igittir inclarescant apud nostros hujusmodi studia, (jiiae nusquam terrarum adhuc satis emicuerunt, utque nos tandem uni versus literarum orbis non sol urn fidei defenso- rem, scd etiam vcritatis omnimodae et cultorem ubique et patronum, ^emper agnoscat :
Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mem inotu nostris ordinavimus constituimus concessimus et declaravi- mu>. ac per prcM-ntes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris ordinamus constituimus concedimus et declaramus, quod decaetero in per pet i in m crit. Societas, de Praesidente2 Concilio et Sodalibus con- [fltent, (juac vocabitur et nuncupabitur Regalis Societas; Et eandem Societatcni, per noincii 1'raesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societa- tis, iinuni corpu- corj)oi-atum et politicum in re facto et nomine realiter ct ad plenum, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, facimus ordinamill crcaimiN et constituimus per presentes, et quod per idem nomen hal)(>ant siuressionem perpetuam ; Et quod ipsi et eorum succ |uonini studia applicanda sunt ad rerum naturalium
1 Tin- l-itiu t«-\» of tlic Charters here given has hem printed from the
transcript in \\Cld > ' Hi>tory <>f the Koyal Society', after careful collation with
the eiirolinrnt- at tin- Puhlic Ileconl Office, by Mr. R. E. G. Kirk, Record
.1 rorm-tion- have heen made, but for convenience' sake Weld's
the ahhreviation- n<ed in the original have been retained.
Sill -
From a painting attriluiti»«l to Michael Wriirht. in the pos>r»iuM of the
PLATI \ I
SIR CniiisToi'iiKK WHKN
From a painting attributed to Michael Wright, in the possession of the Royal Society
CHART A PRIMA 49
artiumque utilium scientias experimentoruin fide ulterius promovcn- das), per idem nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societatis praedictae, sint et erunt perpetuis futuris temporibus personae habiles Capacity to purchase, et in lege capaces ad habendum perquirendum percipiendum et po^-i- denduni terras et tenementa prata pascua pasturas libertates privilegia franchesias jurisdictiones et hereditamenta quaecunque sibi et successo- ribus suis in feodo et perpetuitate, vel pro termino vitae vitarum vel annoruni, sen aliter quocunque modo, ac etiam bona et catalla, ac omnes alias res, cujuscunque fuerint generis naturae speciei sive qualitatis; Necnon ad dandum concedendum dimittendum et assig- ami to grant ; nandum eadem terras tenementa et hereditamenta, bona et catalla, et omnia facta et res necessarias faciendum et exequendum de et con- cernentia eisdem,1 per nomen praedictum ; Et quod per nomen to sue and be sued ; Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societatis praedictae placitare et implacitari, respondere et responderi, defendere et defendi de caetero in perpetuum valeant et possint, in quibuscunque Curiis placeis et locis, et coram quibuscunque Judicibus et Justiciariis et aliis personis et officiariis nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum, in omnibus et singulis actionibus placitis sectis querelis causis materiis rebus et demandis quibuscunque, cujuscunque sint aut erunt generis naturae vel speciei, eisdem modo et forma, prout aliqui ligei nostri intra hoc Regnum nostrum Angliae, personae habiles et in lege capaces, aut ut aliquod corpus corporatum vel politicum intra hoc Regnum nostrum Angliae, habere perquirere recipere possidere, dare et concedere, pla- citare et implacitari, respondere et responderi, defendere vel defendi valeant et possint, valeat et possit ; Et quod iidem Praeses Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae et successores sui habeant in
perpetuum Commune Sigillum, pro causis et negotiis suis et successo- to have a Common
., j. -, .. vj t v f * Seal, alterable at plea-
rum snorum quibuscunque agendis deserviturum ; et quod bene liceat sure.
et licebit eisdem Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis prae- dictae, et successoribus suis pro tempore existentibus, Sigillum illud de tempore in tempus frangere mutare et de novo facere, prout eis melius fore videbitur expediri.
Et, quod intentio nostra regia meliorem sortiatur effectum, ac pro bono regimine et gubernatione praedictae Regalis Societatis de tempore in tempus, volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus eisdem Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Societatis Regalis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod de caetero in perpetuum Concilium praedictum erit et consistet ex viginti et una The Council to oonsiat personis (quarurn Praesidem semper unum esse volumus) ; Et quod who^hVpJesident to omnes et singulae aliae personae quae intra unum mensem proximum ** ****** € sequentem post datum presentium per Praesidem et Concilium, et in
1 Sic. E
50 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
.to be omiii tenij)orc sequenti per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales, in eandem SodetaU'in accipientur et adniittentur ut Membra Regalis Societatis
predict ae, et in Registro per ipsos conservando annotatae fuerint, tbuntur et nunciipabuntur Sodales Regalis Societatis prae-
1 1< >\VS. . . • • 1 i * i
dictae : quos, quanto eimnentius omnis generis doctrmae bonaruinque literarum studio clarescant, quanto ardentius hujusce Societatis honorem studia et emolumentum l promoveri cupiant, quanto vitae integritate niorunique probitate ac pietate emineant, et fidelitate animique erga nos Coronam et dignitatem nostram sincere affectu polleant, eo magis idoneoset dignos, qui in Sodalium ejusdem Societa- tis nuiiieruni adseiscantur, omnino censeri volumus.
Et, pro meliori executione voluntatis et concessionis nostrae in hac
parte, assignavimus nominavimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per
presentes pro nobis heredibtis et successoribus nostris assignamus
nominamus constituinuis et facimus, praedilectum et fidelem nobis
William. \ i>, ,.ui,t Willielmum, Vicecomitem Brouncker, Cancellarium praecharissimae
J consorti nostrae Reginae Catherinae, fore et esse primum et modernum
Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae ; volentes quod praedictus
•M till St. Willielmus, Vicecomes Brouncker, in officio Praesidis Regalis Societa-
iy next (if ,. j- , v j , ,• j f , o ,- * i
• :i s.. I..IUT live), tis predictae a datu presentium usque ad lestum sancti Andreae i .'/.nrii'he Ut i)roximum sequen. post datum presentium continuabit, et quousque
Al>rn; iiiuis alius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore
existente ad officium illud debito modo electus praefectus et juratus
fuerit, juxta ordinationem et provisionem in his presentibus inferius
expressam et declaratam (si praedictus Willielmus, Vicecomes
in Brouncker, tarn diu vixerit); sacramento corporali in omnibus et per
han- ,.. . MI i , i- i v , ni T, i iv
omma officium illud tangentia bene et fidehter exequendum, secundum vi-rani intentionem harum presentium, coram praedilecto et perquam fideli Consanguineo et Consiliario nostro Edwardo, Comite Clarendon, Cancellario nostro Angliae, prius praestito : cui quidem Edwardo, Comiti Clarendon, Cancellario nostro praedicto, sacramentum prae- dk-tum administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem damus et t s o.-tth. coiK-edinius, in liaec verba sequentia, vi/. : /, William, Viscount /irouHckcr, doe promise to deale faithfullie and honestlie in all things belonging to the trn.\t committed to mee as President of this Royall Soi'ici'ic, fhirin»~ imj employment in. that capacitie. Soe helpe mee God! -igna\iiiius ctiani const ituiinus et fecimus, ac per presentes pro nobis hcredibitt et successoribus nostris facimus, dilectos nobis et TI,.. first c., uncii fidelos Hobertum Moray, Militem, unum a Secretioribus nostris Conciliis in Regno nostro Scotiae, Robertum Boyle, Armigerum, Willielmum Brereton, Armigerum, filium primogenitum Baronis de Brert-tou, Kmelm. IJigby, Militem, praecharissimae matri nostrae
1 Or
CHARTA PHI MA 51
Keginae Cancellarium, Paul urn Neile, Militcm, unum (i«-nero- soruin Camerae privatac nostrae, Hrurirum Sliflgetby, Anniin-nim, .•ilium Generosorum praedictae privatae Camerac no*tr;u-. Williolmum Petty, Militem. Johannem Wall is, in Theologia Docton -in, Tiniothcum Clarke, in Medicinis Doctorem et unum Mcdiconim nostrorum. Joliamiem Wilkins, in Theologia Doctorem, Georgium Ent, in Medicinis Doctorem, Willielmuin Aerskinc, iiiiinn a Porulis nostrU, Jonathan. Goddard, in Medicinis Doctorem et P. ofcssorcm Collc^ii dc Grrshain, Christophennn Wren, in Medicinis Doctorem, Savillr Astrononiiae Professorem in Academia nostra Oxoniensi, Willielmuin Balle, Armigerum, Matthaeum Wren, Armigerum, Johannem Evelyn, Armigerum, Thomam Henshawe, Armigerum, Dudley Palmer, de Greys Inn in comitatu nostro Middlesexiae, Armigerum, et Henricum Oldenburg, Armigerum, una cum Praeside praedicto, fore et primos et modernos viginti et unum de Concilio Hegalis Societatis praedictae; continuandos in eisdem officiis a datu presentium usque to continue as above, ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequen., et j1^6^^^ deinde, quousque aliae idoneae personae et habiles et sufficientes in officia praedicta electae praefectae et juratae fuerint (si tarn din vixerint, aut pro aliqua justa et rationabili causa non amotae fuerint) ; sacramentis corporalibus coram Praeside praedictae Regalis Societatis, but first to take, ad officia sua bene et fideliter in omnibus et per omnia officia ilia tan- tS^u^oaSTal gentia exequenda, prius praestandis, secundum formam et effectum mutatis mutandis. praedicti sacramenti, mutatis mutandis, Praesidi Regalis Societatis praedictae per Cancellarium nostrum Angliae administrandi (cui qtii- dem Praesidi pro tempore existenti sacranienta praedicta administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem pro nobis heredibus et successori- bus nostris damus et concedimus per presentes) : Et quod eaedem personae sic, ut praefertur, ad Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis electae praefectae et juratae, et in posterum eligendae praeficiendae et jurandae de tempore in tempos, erunt et existent auxiliantes con- sulentes et assistentes in omnibus materiis rebus et negotiis meliorem regulationem gubernationem et directionem praedictae Regalis Societa- tis, et cujuslibet Membri ejusdem, tangentibus seu concernentibus.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et suc- cessoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus The Pn-si.u -nt. Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus sois, quod Praeses Con-
cilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existentes dent to be one), to (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum esse volumos) de st. Andrew's Day, one
. . f . . ., ontoftheCoun
tempore in tempos perpetuis futuns temponbus potestatem et au- be President ; who u
thoritatem habeant et habebunt nominandi et eligendi, et qucv)d eligere et nominare possint et valeant, quolibet anno in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae, unum de Concilio praedictae Regaiis Societatis chosen; having first
E2
VJ RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
ho path before pro tempore existente, qui sit et erit Praeses Regalis Societatis prae- (lic't;u' 11>(1IR> ad ^-^um Sancti Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum sequen. (si tain din vixerit, aut interim pro aliqua justa et rationabili I non ainohis fuerit), et exinde quousque unus alius in officium Praoidis Regalis Societatis praedictae electus praefectus et nominatus iuerit ; quodque ille, postquam sic, ut praefertur, electus et nominatus t'uerit in officium Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae, antequam ad ofiicium illud adniittatur, sacramentum corporale coram Concilio ejusdem Regalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, ad oflicium illud recte bene et fideliter in omnibus officium illud tangentibus ezequendum praestabit, secundum formam et effectum praedicti sacramenti, mutatis mutandis; (cui quidem Concilio, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramentum praedictum ad- ministrare, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, plenam pote- statem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus, quotiescunque neces- sarium fuerit, damus et concedimus per presentes ;) et quod post hujusmodi sacramentum sic, ut praefertur, praestitum, officium Prae- sidis Regalis Societatis praedictae usque ad festum Sancti Andreae on tiu> Ik-nth ,,r Apostoli exinde proximum sequen. exequi valeat et possit : Et si con-
• -j. T» -J r> v o • j. 4.' J- 4. • j.
md tigerit Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existentem
iliquo tempore, quamdiu fuerit in officio Praesidis ejusdem Regalis
',''' "• Vut. Societatis, obire vel ab officio suo amoveri, quod tune et toties bene
1 1 : who Is ' m t ' \
'n«tii.s lioeat et licebit Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, o,','! vel ali(juil)iis septem vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem1 Concilii praedicti ad talem electionem semper unum esse volumus), alium de praedicto ninnero Concilii praedicti in Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae cligere et praeficere ; et quod ille sic electus et prae- t't cins oflicium illud habeat et exerceat durante residuo ejusdem anni, cf (jiiouscjuc alius ad officium illud debito modo electus et jurahis fuerit, sacraincnto corporali in forma ultime specificata prius prac-
i-lo ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident.
.11 !•',( ultcrins volumus, (juod (juandocunque contigerit aliquem vel
ii«juo> de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore
life inori, vel al> officio illo amoveri, vel decedere, (quos
piidem de Concilio Hejr.ilis Societatis praedictae et eorum quein-
1 1- 1 •!•
hoet pro male se gerendis aut aliqua alia rationabili causa amo biles
olimnis, ;id beneplacitum Praesidis et caeterorum de Concilio
praedicto superviventium et in officio illo renmnentium, vel majoris
;>irti> eoriiiKleni, (11101-11111 Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum : the r .
quod tune et toties beue liceat et licebit pracfatis
Tin- .l.-c.MM-.l ,,r removed Prcsidrnt could not take part in the election of his successor. Cf. the second Charter.
CHART A 1MUMA .-,;{
Praesidi Concilio ct Sodalibtis Hc<r;dis Societatis praedictae, vel •icetad dMii hold (t».
major! parti conindcm ((juoniin IVar^idcm Recalls Sue irtatis prae- n^ffS'In?™
dictae pro tempoiv c\i>f entem uniiin I-*M- volmims), iiiiuni alium vel ^L Mld ^ ano*h«r
plures alios dc Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, loco sive locis
ipsius vel ipsoruni sic niortuortini deeedentimn vcl aiiiotonnii, ad
supplendnm praedictum nnmerum viginti et. uiiitis perMMianim de
Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae, nominare elig< -re et prae-
Hcere ; et quod ille sive illi sic in officio illo electi et praefecti idem
officium habeat et habeant usque ad fcstuni Sancti Andreae Apostoli
tune proximum sequen., et exinde, quousque unus alius vel plures alii
electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit, electi praefecti et nominal i
fuerint ; sacramento corporali ad officium illud in omnibus et per
omnia officium illud tangentia coram Praeside et Concilio Regalis
Societatis praedictae, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro
tempore existentibus, bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum verain
intentionem presentium, prius praestando.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et sue- On every St. Andrew's cessoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali- Jrfh^5>(u^ciinare °™} bus praedictae Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et bechan«ed' successores sui quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apostoli, plenam potestatem et authoritatem habeant et habebunt eligendi nominandi praeficiendi et mutandi decem de Sodalibus Re- galis Societatis praedictae, ad supplendum loca et officia decem pre- dicti numeri viginti et unius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae ; quoniam regiam voluntatem nostram esse declaramus, et per pre- sentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus, quod decem de Concilio praedicto, et non amplius, per Praesidem Conci- lium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae annuatim mutati et amoti fuerint.
Volumus etiam, et pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis, quod si contigerit Prae- sidem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritu- dine vel infirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel Muvcssorum nostrorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita (juod iirrosariis negotiis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus attendere non poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidem Praesidi sic detento versato vel occupato unum de The President may Concilio praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore council ^
et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare; Deputy: qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic
faciendus et constituendus, sit et erit Deputatus eiusdem Praesidis. unle»heapi>-
P,. L Jj . . tome other oat oft I,..
de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse Council to be so.
KKC'OUI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
contigerit, durante toto teinpore, quo praedictus Praeses in officio Prae-idis eontinnaverit ; nisi interim praedictus Praeses Kegalis
details praedictac pro tempore existens unum alium de praedicto may, in G>ncilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et constituent; Et quod quilibet iiijusmodi Deputatns praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praefertur fiendus1
constitiicndus, onmia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis prae- dictae Kegali^ Societatis pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per praedietum Praesidem virtute liarum Literarum nostrarum Paten- tium limitata et appunetuata fore1 facienda et exequenda, de tern- pore in tempus, toties qnoties praectfctus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, din-ante tali teinpore, quo Deputatus praedicti Praesidis continua- verit, faeere et exequi valeat et possit, vigore harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tarn ani- plis niodo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si praesens esset, ilia faeere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento corporali super sancta Dei Evangelia in forma et effectu ultime specificatis per hujusmodi Deputatiim ad omnia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis perti- nent, bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato Concilio praedictae Kegalis Societatis, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, priiis praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic acciderit : cui quidem Concilio vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro tempore exis- tentibus, sacramentum praedietum administrare potestatem et au- thoritatem, quoties casus sic acciderit, damus et concedimus per presenter absque aliquo brevi commissione sive ulteriori warranto in ea parte a nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris procurando
i obtinendo.
>tn- Kt ulterius volumUfl, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et suc- "mirer, cessorihtis nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali- bus Kegalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et sui de caetero in perpetuum habeant et habebunt unum Thesaurarium, duos Secretaries, unum Clericum, et duos Servientes ad Clavas, (jiii de teinpore in tempus super Praesidem attendant; (|uod()tie praedicti Thesaurarius Secretarii Clericus et Servientes ad Clava- i-ligendi et nominandi, antequam ad officia sua separalia et
. i>csworn rcMnrtiva exeouenda admittantur, sacramenta sua corporalia in for-
,.. .,. . .,. . ,
andc. ma et eflectu ult line specif icatis, coram Praeside et Concilio ejusdem
!i> Socir»atiN ant aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, [ad] officia sua Mparalia < t ropectiva ill omnibus ilia tangentibus recte bene et fideliter exequcnda praestabunt ; et quod post hujusmodi sacra- inenta sic ut praefertur praestita, officia sua respectiva exerceant et utaiitur ; (|iiil)us quidem Praesidi et (1oncilio, aut aliquibus septem vel
at-Mace :
Sic.
CHAKTA 1'KI.MA 55
pluribus conmi, sacramenta praedicta de tcmporc in tmipus admini-
strare praedictis scparalibus ct roprctivis officiariis et successor! bus
suis plenain potcstatcin et authoritatem damns et concedimus per
presentes : Et assigiiaviinus nominavimus (.•legimus civavimiis const i-
tuinitis ct fccimus, ac per prcsrnti-s pro nobis hcrcdibus ct Micces-
soribus nostris assignamus nominamus eligimus cream us const ituimu>
et facimus, dilectos subditos nostros Willielmam Balle, Armigerum, William Baii<
fore et esse primum et modernum Thesaurarium ; et praedictum JJhn w ilk in* anil
Johannem Wilkins et Henricum Oldenburg fore et esse primes et modernos Secretaries praedictae Regalis Societatis ; continuandos in eisdem offieiis usque ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequen. post datum presentium : Quodque de tempore in tciiipus et ad omnia tempora, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apo- Andonever.\ stoli (si non fuerit dies Dominicus, et si fucrit dies Dominicus, tune die proxime sequenti), Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae Regalis
Societatis pro tempore existentes, aut major pars eorundem (quorum major par
J whom the Pre*i-i
Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum esse volumtis), alios probos et be one), are to elect
discretos viros, de tempore in tempus, in Thesaurarium, Secretaries,
Clericum, et Servientes ad Clavas praedictae Regalis Societatis eligere
nominate et praeficere valeant et possint; (ju^Klque illi, qui in sepa- i
ralia et respectiva officia praedicta sic, ut praefertur, electi praefecti St. Andrews Day.
et jurati fuerint, officia ilia respectiva exercere et gaudere possint et
valeant usque ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae extunc proxi-
mum sequen., sacramentis suis praedictis sic, ut praefertur, prius
praestandis ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident. Et si contigerit And if any of them
,,. trt . -,. • i T» T o • die or be amo veil, tli« •
ahquem vel aliquos officianorum praedictorum ejusdem Regalis Socie- like election to be
tatis obire, vel ab officiis suis respectivis amoveri, quod tune et toties ^wiy &£?&*£*,
bene liceat et licebit Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis f«
Societatis, vel rnajori parti eorundem (quorum Praesidem pro tempore shall be duly elected
existentem unum esse volumus), alium vel alios in officium sive officia
illarum personarum sic defunctarum sive amotarum eligere et prae-
ficere ; et quod ille sive illi sic electus et praefectus electi et praefecti
officia praedicta respectiva habeat et exerceat habeant et exerceant
durante residuo ejusdem anni, et quousque alius sive alii ad officia ilia
respectiva debito modo electus et juratus fuerit, electi et jurati
fuerint ; et sic toties quoties casus sic acciderit.
Et insuper volumus, ac de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod The President and Praeses et Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentes, et major pars eorundem (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum esse volumus), pariter congregare et assemblare College or other public possint et valeant in collegio sive alio publico loco sive aula intra London, or within ten
56 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
miles .ikt- Civitatem nostrani London, vel in aliquo alio loco conveniente intra
^;;; decem milliaria ejusdem Civitatis nostrae; et quod ipsi sic congregati
^emblati habebunt et habeant plenam authoritatem potestatem et
t-> flu' ;in;urs i>t the IT • T T T
faciiltatem de tempore in teinpus condendi constituendi ordinandi faciendi i-t stabiliendi luijusinodi leges statuta jura ordinationes et const itntiones, qiiac eis, ant eortini major! parti, bona salubria utilia honesta et necessaria juxta eorum sarias discretiones fore videbuntur, et onniia quaccunque alia negotiis et rebus Regalis Societatis praedictae spectantia1 agendi et faciendi : quae omnia et singula leges statuta jura ordinationes et constitutiones sic ut praefertur facienda volumus, et per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris firmiter injun^-endo praecipimus et mandamus, quod de tempore in tempus in- violal)iliter observata fuerint, secundum tenorem et efFectum eorun- dem ; ita tamen, quod praedicta leges statuta jura ordinationes et con- >titutiones sic- ut praefertur facienda, et eorum quaelibet, sintrationa- bilia, et non sint repugnantia nee contraria legibus consuetudinibus juribus sive statutis hujus Regni nostri Angliae.
Kt ulterius de ampliori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et
Council and Fellows .*T.
intone or more mero motu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis
:.';_ heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis
JSIuo ™m Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis,
lirtht< plenam potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus eliffendi
•n S«-nl, an<l
:- nominandi et constituendi unum vel plures Typographies sive Im- print such , y-,i i i_ oii i. • • i • •
inngor pressores, et Cnalcographos seu aculptores ; et ipsi vel ipsis per scnp-
tmn Communi Sigillo praedictae Regalis Societatis sigillatum, et manu
'^c Praesidis pro tempore existentis signatum, facultatem concedendi,
•ind r . .
my seven ut iniprimant talia res matenas et negotia praedictam [Regalem] 2 r to Societatem tangentia vel concernentia, qualia praedictis Typographo vel Impressori, Chalcographo vel Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Im- pressoribus, Chalcographis vel Sculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per Praaridem et Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquos sep- tern vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum
olumus), commissa fuerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, ante-
, . juam ad omcia >ua ezeroenoa admittantnr, coram Praeside et Concilio
pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, in forma (t cflectn ultime specilicatis, prius praestandis : quibus quidem Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacra- iiuiita praedicta administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem damns et concedimus per procntes.
ilterius, <|ii«»d praedicti Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae anaton: EUgl it is in philosophicis suis studiis meliorem sortiantur
2 From the Patent Roll.
CHARTA PRIM A 57
effectum, de ampliori gratia nostra special! ac ex certa scientia et mero of executed Criminal*,
motu nostris dedimus et coiuv^imus, ac per presentes pro nobis aa
heredibus et siu-roMM-ibus nostris damns ct ronrcdimiiN, praedictis
Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Kegalis Societatiset succes- «•<>»»• of London ha*»
soribu* >UJN (juod ij»i ct MICIVSMMVS Mii de tempore in tempus habeant
et habebunt plenam potestatem et authoritateni de tempore in tempus,
et ad talia tempestiva tempora, secundum com 111 discretionem, re-
quirere capere et rccipere cadavera talium personarum, quae mortt m
manu carnih'cis passae fuerunt, et ea anatomizare, in tarn amplis modo
et forma, et ad oinnes intentiones et proposita, prout Collegium Medi-
corum et Corporatio Chirurgorum Civitatis nostrae London eisdem
cadaveribus usi vel gavisi fuerunt, aut uti vel gaudere valeant et possint.
Et ulterius, pro melioratione experimentorum artium et scientiarum Licence to hold praedictae Regalis Societatis, de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per
presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damns et £»th «u tort* of
hi >n-i(fiiei s dv Li-trcr »
concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis sealed with the Com-
o • . .• M • •. i • • , • i . mon Seal of the
Societatis et successoribus sins, quod ipsi et successores sui de tempore Society, and signed by
in tempus habeant et habebunt plenam potestatem et authoritatem,
more of them.
literas vel epistolas, sub manu praedicti Praesidis in presentia cU or "^ ***'"•
more f th
....
Concihi, vel ahquorum septem vel plunum eorum, et in nomine Regalis Societatis, ac Communi Sigillo suo praedicto sigillatas, mutuis intelligentiis fruentur l et notitiis cum omnibus et omnimodis personis peregrinis et alienis, utrum privatis vel collegiatis, corporatis vel politicis, absque aliqua molestatione interruptione vel inquietatione quacunque : Proviso tamen, quod haec indulgentia nostra sic ut praefertur concessa ad ulteriorem non extendatur usum quam particu- lare beneficium et interesse praedictae Regalis Societatis in materiis seu rebus philosophicis mathematicis aut mechanicis.
Et ulterius dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis Licence to build heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et sue- mUes °f Londo cessoribus suis plenam potestatem et authoritatem erigendi aedificandi et extruendi, aut erigi aedificari et extrui faciendi vel causandi, in- tra Civitatem nostram London, vel decem milliaria ejusdem, unum vel plura Collegium vel Collegia cujuscunque modi vel qualitatis, pro habitatione assemblatione et congregatione praedictorum Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium praedictae Regalis Societatis et successorum suorum, negotia sua et alias res eandem Regalem Societatem concer- nentia ad ordinandum et disponendum.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et if any Abnae» or successoribus nostris ordinamus constituimus et appuncttiamus, quod si
1 Sic, forfrnendi.
.58 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
aliqui abusus vel discrepantiae in posterum orientur et accident de
ibiTimtiom- aut aliis rebus vel negotiis praedictae Regalis Societatis,
nixie cjusdcMii constitution? stabilimini et studiorum progressui vel
K bus rt nc<£otiis aliqua inferatur iniuria vel impedimentum ; quod
llor.orK.. * , ,., *
tune i-t totii's per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successonbus " nostris | onliuainus] l autborizamus nominamus assignamus et con- it uinius praefktum praedilectum et perquam fidelem Consanguineum or et Consiliariuin nostrum Edwardum, Comitem Clarendon, Cancellarium
• • 1* 1 •,
nostrum Hegni nostn Anghae, per seipsum durante vita sua, et post i- jus mortem, tune Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, Cancellarium vel Custodem Magni Sigilli Angliae, Thesaurarium Angliae, Episcopum LomliiKjnsLMii, Custodem Privati Sigilli, et duos Principales Secretaries, pro tempore existentes, aut aliquos quatuor vel plures eorum, easdem disc-R'pantias et abusus reconciliare componere et reducere.
a clauses. Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et
Miccessoribus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus omnibus et singulis Justiciariis Majoribus Aldermannis Vicecomitibus Ballivis Constabulariis et aliis officiariis ministris et subditis nostris beredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque, quod de tempore in tempus sint auxiliantes et assistentes praedictis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis in omnibus et per omnia, secundiim veram intentionem harum Literarum nostra- rum Patentium.
Ko (juod cxpressji mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliis donis sive concessionibus per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum nostrorum praofatis Pracsidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis ante haec l.mpora factis, in presentibus minime facta existit ; aut aliquo statuto actu ordinatione provisione proclamatione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito ordinato sive proviso, aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacunque, in aliquo non obstante. In fujus rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. i M i ipso, apud Westmonasterium, quinto decimo die Julii, anno ii nostri decimo quarto.
Per ipsum Regem.
HOWARD.2
1 From tin- I'.-itmt Holl.
Tlii- ilormiM-Mt, \\itli tlmso of a similar nature, subsequently granted to the Society. ;in- |iic-ci-\cd in a strong box in the apartments of tlic Royal Society. Tin- tir-t Charter is on four skins of vrllum ; it was drawn by Sir Robert Sawyer, HMMI Attorney -General, and is remarkable for its clearness and le^al terseness.
Tlir first skin <'ont;iins some remarkably handsome ornamented capitals and flowery \\itb a tim-ly executed Portrait of Charles II in Indian ink within the initial letter C. The (ireat Seal of the Kingdom in irreen wax is appended to the Charter.
Translation of First Charter, granted to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London. by King Charles the Second, A.M.
Charles the Second, by the grace of God King of Kn<;land, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to whom these present Letters shall come, greeting.
\Yc have long and fully resolved with Ourself to extend not only the boundaries of the Empire, but also the very arts and sciences. Therefore we look with favour upon all forms of learning, but with particular grace we encourage philosophical studies, especially tli<>M which by actual experiments attempt either to shape out a new philosophy or to perfect the old. In order, therefore, that such studies, which have not hitherto been sufficiently brilliant in any part of the world, may shine conspicuously amongst our people, and that at length the whole world of letters may always recognize UN not only as the Defender of the Faith, but also as the universal lover and patron of every kind of truth :
Know ye that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, have ordained, established, granted, and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do ordain, establish, grant, and declare, that from henceforth for ever there shall incorporation, and be a Society, consisting of a President, Council, and Fellows, which ' shall be called and named The Royal Society; And for us, our heir->. and successors we do make, ordain, create, and constitute by these presents the same Society, by the name of The President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society, one body corporate and politic in fact, deed, and name, really and fully, and that by the same name they may have perpetual succession ; and that they and their successors (whose studies are to be applied to further promoting by the authority of experiments the sciences of natural things and of useful arts), by the same name of The President, Council, and Capacity to purchase, Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, may and shall be in all future times persons able and capable in law to have, acquire, receive, and possess lands and tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, liberties privileges, franchises, jurisdictions, and hereditaments whatsoever, to themselves and their successors in fee and perpetuity, or for term of life, lives, or years, or otherwise in whatsoever manner, and al>o ^otxU and chattels, and all other things, of whatsoever kind, nature, sort, or quality they may be; and also to give, grant, demise, and a^ign the and to grant; same lands, tenements, and hereditaments, goods and chattels, and to do and execute all acts and things necessary of and concerning the
<;o RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
to sue ami be stto«i : >ame, by the name aforesaid ; And that by the name of The President, umeil, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid they may hence- forth for ever be able and have power to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be answered, to defend and be defended, in whatsoever mrts and places, and before whatsoever Judges and Justices and other persons and ollicers of us, our heirs, and successors, in all and singular actions, pleas, suits, plaints, causes, matters, things, and demands whatsoever, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort they may or shall lie, in the same manner and form as any of our lieges within this our Realm of England, being persons able and capable in law, or Bfl anv bodv corporate or politic within this our Realm of England, mav be able and have power to have, acquire, receive, possess, give, and grant, to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be answered, to defend or be defended ; And that the same President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and their successors, may have a Common have for ever a Common Seal, to serve for transacting the causes and
pSlroT* affairs whatsoever of them and their successors; and that it may and
shall be good and lawful to the same President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for the time being, to break, change, and make anew that Seal from time to time, according as it shall seem most expedient to them.
And that our royal intention may obtain the better effect, and for the good rule and government of the aforesaid Royal Society from time to time, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and Miccessors do grant to the same President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that henceforth
The Council to consist for ever the Council aforesaid shall be and consist of twenty-one
whom the President to Persons (of whom we will the President to be always one) ; And that all and singular other persons who within one month next following
The Fellows to be after the date of these presents shall be received and admitted by the
Iirst m A ^
President and Council, and in all time following by the President, ( 'otmcil, and Fellows, into the same Society, as Members of the Royal _ Society aforesaid, and shall have been noted in the Register by them to be kept, shall be and shall be called and named Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid : whom, the more eminently they are distin- guished for the study of every kind of learning and good letters, the more ardently they desire to promote the honour, studies, and of this Society, the more they are noted for integrity of life, uprightness of character, and piety, and excel in fidelity and atlection of mind towards us, our Crown, and dignity, the more we wish tin in to be especially deemed fitting and worthy of being admit t.-d into tin- number of the Fellows of the same Society.
And tor the better execution of our will and grant in this behalf,
TRANSLATION OF FIRST ( IIAKTKK 61
we have assigned, nominated, constituted, and made, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do as-o^n, nominate, con- stitute, and make, our very well-beloved and tru-t\ William. ViM-omit Brouncker, Chancellor to our very dear con-sort, <<)ueen Catherine, to be and become the first and present Pn-Mdent <>t the Royal Society aforesaid; willing that the aforesaid William, Yix-ount Brouncker, William, Vi*xmnt shall continue in the office of President of the Ro\al So, -i< -ty afore- said from the date of these presents until the feast of St. Andrew next following after the date of these presents, and until one other of to hold till St. the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time IK in- ^h ,11 have been elected, appointed, and sworn to that office in due manner, according to the ordinance and provision below in these presents ««> iworn ; expressed and declared (if the aforesaid William, Y'iscount Brouncker, shall live so long) ; having first taken a corporal oath well and faith- fully to execute his office in and by all things touching that office, but first *> be sworn according to the true intention of these presents, before our very well- ch^dior^ beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our Chancellor of England : to which same Edward, Karl of Clarendon, our Chancellor aforesaid, we give and grant full power and authority, to administer the oath aforesaid in these words follow- ing, that is to say :
I, William, Viscount Brouncker, do promise to deal faithfully and The President's Oath, honestly in all things belonging to the trust committed to me as President of this Royal Society, during my employment in that capacity. So help me God !
We have also assigned, constituted, and made, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do make, our beloved and trusty Robert Moray, Knight, one of our Privy Council in our Realm of The first Council Scotland ; Robert Boyle, Esquire ; William Brereton, Esquire, eldest n< son of the Baron de Brereton ; Kenelm Digby, Knight, Chancellor to our very dear mother, Queen Maria; Paul Neile, Knight, one of the Gentlemen of our Privy Chamber; Henry Slingesby, Esquire, another of the Gentlemen of our aforesaid Privy Chamber ; William Petty, Knight ; John Wallis, Doctor in Divinity ; Timothy Clarke, Doctor in Medicine and one of our Physicians ; John Wilkins, Doctor in Divinity ; George Ent, Doctor in Medicine ; William Aerskine, one of our Cup-bearers; Jonathan Goddard, Doctor in Medicine and Professor of Gresham College ; Christopher Wren, Doctor in Medicine. Saville Professor of Astronomy in our University of Oxford: William Balle, Esquire; Matthew Wren, Esquire; John Evelyn. Esquire ; Thomas Henshawe, Esquire ; Dudley Palmer, of Grey"- Inn, in our County of Middlesex, Esquire; and Henry Oldenburg, Esquire, together with the President aforesaid, to be and become the
<;-j RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
first and present twenty-one of the Council of the Royal Society toeont ,;ljd ; to be continued in the same offices from the date of these
its until the aforesaid least of Saint Andrew the Apostle next following, and thenceforth until other fitting and able and sufficient HI Nlmll have been elected, appointed, and sworn into the offices aforesaid (if they shall live so long, or shall not have been amoved for bat first to take, before »"v just and reasonable cause) ; first taking corporal oaths before the i1 : Widen t of the aforesaid Royal Society, well and faithfully to execute their offices in and by all things touching those offices, according to the form and effect of the aforesaid oath, mutatis mutandis, to be administered to the President of the Royal Society aforesaid by our Chancellor of England; (to which same President for the time being, for us, our heirs, and successors, we give and • rrant by these presents full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid;) And that the same persons, so as it is aforesaid elected, appointed, and sworn, and hereafter to be elected, appointed, and sworn from time to time, to the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, shall be and become aiding, counselling, and assistant in all matters, business, and affairs touching or concerning the better regulation, government, and direction of the aforesaid Royal Society, and of every Member of the same.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
:.- successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows
of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that the
President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid for the
•nnnally. 0 < • • • i_
"ut time being (of whom we will the President for the time being to be • no) may and shall have from time to time in all future times for ever <>uer and authority to nominate and elect, and that they may be able .nd have power to elect and nominate, every year, on the aforesaid east of St. Andrew, one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society
i, tor the time being, who may and shall be President of the Royal Society aforesaid until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle there- next, following (if he shall live so long, or shall not be amoved meanwhile for any just and reasonable cause), and thenceforth until another shall have been elected, appointed, and nominated to the office of President, of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he, after that he shall so have been elected and nominated, as it is aforesaid, to the office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid, before he be admitted to that office, shall take a corporal oath before the Council of tin- same Royal Society, or any seven or more of them, rightly, uell. and faithfully to execute that office in all things touching that office, according to the form and effect of the aforesaid oath, mutatis mutnndix (to which same Council, or to any seven or more of
TRANSLATION OF FIRST C 11AKIKR 63
them, we give and grant by these presents for us, our heirs, and
successors, full power and authority to administer I In .ifnn^aid oatli
from time to time. a> often as it shall be necessary); and that after
having so taken such oath, its it is aforesaid, he may be ;d>l»- and have
power to execute the office of President of the Royal Soeiety aforesaid
until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle thereafter next following ;
And if it shall happen that the President of the Royal Society afore- On the Death «.r
said for the time being, at any time, so long as he shall be in the dent, the Council and
office of President of the same Royal Society, shall die or l>e amoved
from his office, that then and so often it may and shall be good and
lawful to the Council and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, or J
to any seven or more of them (of whom we will the President of the (being first sworn),
Council aforesaid to be always one at such an election),1 to elect and chosen^tTswora.1*
appoint another of the aforesaid number of the Council aforesaid as
President of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he so elected and
appointed may have and exercise that office during the residue of the
same year, and until another shall have been in due manner elected
and sworn to that office, first taking a corporal oath in the form last
specified ; and so as often as the case shall so happen.
And further we will, that whenever it shall happen that any one or if any of the Council any of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being retire (and power of shall die, or be amoved from that office, or retire (which same ^en°to th«Fn^deat [members] of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, and every anrt^Juthem° whereof one of them, we will to be amovable for misbehaviour or any other the Presi reasonable cause, at the good pleasure of the President and of the rest conn. 11. an.i K.HOWS, of the Council aforesaid surviving and remaining in that office, or of them^the^Pre^i.'i! m the major part of the same, of whom we will the President for the Jj^.™, time being to be one), that then and so often it may and shall be good the Fellows : Hn<i th« and lawful to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the (being first sworn) till Royal Society aforesaid, or to the major part of the same (of whom JJli uJtter*
we will the President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being Election. to be one), to nominate, elect, and appoint one other or several others of the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, in the place or places of him or them so dead, retired, or amoved, to fill up the aforesaid number of twenty-one persons of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he or they so elected and appointed in that office may have the same office until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle then next following, and thenceforth until one other or several others shall have been elected, appointed, and nominated; first taking a corporal oath before the President and Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, or any seven or more of them for the time being, well and faithfully to execute that
1 So in the original ; see p. 52.
64 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
office in and by all things touching that office, according to the true intention of these presents.
On every St. Andrews And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and £0™*? tKctoncii 81 • io grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of
are to be changed. tju. af()lvsajd Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and their successors, every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew the Apostle, niav and shall have full power and authority to elect, nominate, appoint, and change ten of the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, to fill up the places and offices of ten of the aforesaid number of twenty-one of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; for we do declare it to be our royal pleasure, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors we do grant, that ten of the aforesaid Council, and no more, shall be annually changed and amoved by the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid.
We will also, and for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors, that if it shall happen that the President of the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or successors, or is otherwise occupied, so that he shall not be able to attend to the The President may necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of •i toto h£f the President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the same President so detained, employed, or occupied, to nominate during "hi^bsence5; an(^ appoint one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the •ome'oti'i1. r out' of the t'me ^ing t° be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which Council to be so. same Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may and shall be the Deputy of the same President from time to time, as often as the aforesaid President shall happen to be so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid President shall continue in the office of President ; unless in the mean- while the aforesaid President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council i, his I )( piity ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to hftt be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power '" * to do and execute a11 and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are limited and appointed to be done and executed by the afore- said President, by virtue of these our Letters Patent, from time to time, as often as the aforesaid President shall so happen to be absent, during such time as he shall continue the Deputy of the aforesaid President, by force of these our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as the aforesaid President, if he were present, \\ould be able and have power and do and execute those things ;
JOHN
Sir liodfr Km
Oi.
'
.
the off<
*, ..
' PMMML
JOHN EVELYN
From a portrait painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the
Royal Society
TRANSLATION OF FIRST CHARTER 65
a corporal oath first to be taken by such Deputy upon the holy But be must flwt be
Gospels of God, in the form and effect last specified, well and faith-
fully to execute all and singular things which pertain to the office of more of them-
1 'resident, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal Society,
or any seven or more of them ; and so as often as the case shall so
happen : to which same Council, or to any seven or more of them, for
the time being, we do give and grant by these presents power and
authority to administer the oath aforesaid as often as the case shall
so happen, without procuring or obtaining any writ, commission, or
further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, or successors.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows The President, of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that they and their successors henceforth for ever may and shall have one Treasurer, ^ two Secretaries, one Clerk, and two Serjeants-at-Mace, who may from serjeante-at-Maoe : time to time attend upon the President ; and that the aforesaid Treasurer, Secretaries, Clerk, and Serjeants-at-Mace, to be elected and nominated, before they be admitted to execute their several and respective offices, shall take their corporal oaths in the form and effect who are all to be last specified, before the President and Council of the same Royal Society, or any seven or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to execute their several and respective offices in all things touching the same ; and that after having so taken such oaths, as it is aforesaid, they may exercise and use their respective offices ; to which same President and Council, or to any seven or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid from time to time to the aforesaid several and respective officers and their successors : And we have assigned, nominated, chosen, created, appointed, and made, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do assign, nominate, choose, create, appoint, and make, our beloved subjects William Balle, Esquire, to be and become the first and William Baiie ap- present Treasurer, and the aforesaid John Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg to be and become the first and present Secretaries, of the aforesaid Royal Society; to be continued in the same offices until the aforesaid feast of And on every gt St. Andrew the Apostle next following after the date of these presents : ^J^8^^6^1 And that from time to time and at all times on the aforesaid feast of the President, Coun- Saint Andrew the Apostle (unless it shall be Sunday, and if it be Sunday,
then on the day next following) the President, Council, and Fellows of
the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being, or the major part
the same (of whom we will the President for the time being to be one), surer, Secretaries,
111-1, . . j • i. j.i_ Clerk, and Serjeants-
may be able and have power to elect, nominate, and appoint other at-Mace : who, after upright and discreet men, from time to time, as Treasurer, Secretaries, ^SSTuTthe'nett Clerk, and Serjeants-at-Mace of the aforesaid Royal Society ; and that St. Andrew's Day.
F
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
those who shall so have been elected, appointed, and sworn to the
:.d and respective offices, as it is aforesaid, may be able
and ha\e power to exercise and enjoy those respective offices until
the aforesaid frast of St. Andrew then next following, their aforesaid
oaths, as it is aforesaid, first to be taken ; and so as often as the case
-hall so happen : And if it shall happen that any one or any of the
l*tion<tTbethe °™'<VI (l °t tML' saine K°.val Society shall die, or be amoved
from their respective offices, that then and so often it may and shall
he good and lawful to the President, Council, and Fellows of the
jaid Royal Society, or to the major part of the same (of whom
•nd sw we will the President for the time being to be one), to elect and appoint
another or others to the office or offices of those persons so deceased or amoved ; and that he or they so elected and appointed may have and the respective offices aforesaid during the residue of the same vear, and until another or others shall have been in due manner elected and sworn to those respective offices; and so as often as the
shall so happen.
And moreover we will, and of our special grace and of our certain
knowledge and mere motion do grant to the aforesaid President,
Council, and Fellows of the Roval Society aforesaid, and to their
<>i-s, that the President and Council of the aforesaid Royal
-•x-ictv for the time being, and the major part of the same (of whom
,e will the President for the time being to be one), may be able and
iave power to meet together and assemble in a College or other public
or Hall within our City of London, or in any other convenient
's,and place within ten miles of our same City; and that they so met together
nd assembled shall and may have full authority, power, and faculty
from time to time to draw up, constitute, ordain, make, and establish
such laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions as shall seem to
them, or to the major part of them, to be good, wholesome, useful,
honourable, and necessary, according to their sound discretions, and to
do and perform all other things whatsoever belonging to the afiairs
and matters of the Royal Society aforesaid; all and singular which
. acts, ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as
it is aforesaid, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
. firmly enjoining, do order and command, that they shall
violably observed from time to time, according to the tenor and
of the same: so nevertheless that the aforesaid laws, statutes,
ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as it is aforesaid, and
»i" <>f them, he reasonable, and not repugnant or contrary
to the la\\s. eiistoms, acts, or statutes of this our Realm of England.
And further, of our more ample special grace and of our certain to appoint one or more knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and by these
TRANSLATION OF FIRST CHARTER 67
presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the Printer.., aforesaid Council and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors, full power and authority from time to time to elect,
nominate, and appoint one or more Typographers or Printers, and Common &*i, and
, , -G, j , , . signed by the Preri-
Chalcographers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them, by a dent, to , .
writing, sealed with the Common Seal of the aforesaid Royal Society,
and signed by the hand of the President for the time being, faculty to
print such things, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the by the President »mi
aforesaid [Royal] Society, as shall have been committed to the
aforesaid Typographer or Printer, Chalcographer or Engraver, or
Typographers or Printers, Chalcographers or Engravers, from time to
time, by the President and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or
any seven or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time
being to be one) ; their corporal oaths first to be taken, before they be They must be first
admitted to exercise their offices, before the President and Council for 3SiSofc£
the time being, or any seven or more of them, in the form and effect %££*** or more of
last specified ; to which same President and Council, or to any seven
or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents full power
and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.
And further, in order that the aforesaid President, Council, and The same right to Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society may obtain the better effect in anatomize the bodies
their philosophical studies, of our more ample special grace and of our
certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and
by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do give and grant, Corporation oisur-
to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid JTuse.0
Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and their successors
from time to time may and shall have full power and authority from
time to time, and at such1 seasonable times, according to their
discretion, to require, take, and receive the bodies of such persons as
have suffered death by the hand of the executioner, and to anatomize
them, in such ample form and manner, and to all intents and purposes,
as the College of Physicians and the Corporation of Surgeons of our
City of London have used or enjoyed, or may be able and have power
to use or enjoy, the same bodies.
And further, for the improvement of the experiments, arts, and sciences of the aforesaid Royal Society, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given Licence to hold a and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do dence, on Phiiosophi- give and grant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and their
successors from time to time may and shall have full power and sealed with the Com- authority, by letters or epistles under the hand of the aforesaid society,
1 So in the original. F2
KKCOHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Londb^orwlthir
abuses or differences arise, they
»r more
lent, in the presence of the Council, or of any seven or more of
i in the name of the Royal Society, and sealed with their
.on Seal to enjoy mutual intelligence and knowledge
with all and all manner of strangers and foreigners, whether private or
collegiate, corporate or politic, without any molestation, interruption,
or di>turbuncc whatsoever: Provided nevertheless, that this our
induL granted a> it is aforesaid, be not extended to further use
than the particular benefit and interest of the aforesaid Royal
Society in matters or things philosophical, mathematical, or
hanicaL
And further we have given an4 granted, and by these presents for u-. our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid lent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their Micccs.sors, full power and authority to erect, build, and construct, or to make or cause to be erected, built, and constructed, within our of London, or ten miles of the same, one or more College or Colleges, of whatsoever kind or quality, for the habitation, assembly, and meeting of the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and of their successors, for the ordering and arranging of their affairs and other matters concerning the same Royal Society.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do ordain, constitute, and appoint, that if any abuses or difference* hereafter shall arise and happen concerning the government or other matters or affairs of the aforesaid Royal Society, whereby any injury or hindrance may be done to the constitution, stability, and >f the studies, or to the matters and affairs, of the same ; that then and so often, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, \\e do authorize, [ordain,] nominate, assign, and appoint our aforesaid very well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our Chancellor of our Realm of England, by himself during his life, and, after his death, then the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal of England, the Treasurer of Kngland, the Hishop of London, the Keeper of the Privy Seal, and the two Principal Secretaries for the time being, or any four or more of them, to reconcile, compose, and adjust the same differences and
And further we will, and by these presents, for us, our heirs, and
>ors, firmly enjoining, do order and command all and singular the
\ldermen, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Constables, and other
and subjects whomsoever of us, our heirs, and
that they be from time to time aiding and assistant to the
lent,! 'omicil, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid,
CHARTA SECUNDA
and to their successors, in and by all things, according to the tnie intention of these our letters Patent.
Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the certainty of the premises, or of any of them, or of other gifts or grants before these times made by us or by any of our progenitors or predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society, is not made in these presents ; or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restriction to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.
In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the fifteenth day of July, in the fourteenth year of our reign.
By the King himself.
HOWARD.
CHARTA SECUNDA,
lisdem ab eodem concessa, A.D. MDCLXIII.
CAROLUS SECUNDUS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber- niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus ad quos hae Literae nostrae P: it entes pervenerint, salutem.
Diu multumque apud nos statuimus, ut imperii fines, sic etiam artes atque scientias ipsas promovere. Favemus itaque omnibus disci- plinis ; particulari autem gratia indulgemus philosophicis studiis, prae- sertim iis, quae solidis experimentis conantur aut novam extundere philosophiam, aut expolire veterem. Ut igitur inclarescant apud no- stros hujusmodi studia, quae nusquam terrarum adhuc satis emicue- runt, utque nos tandem universus literarum orbis non solum fidei defensorem, sed etiam veritatis omnimodae et cultorem ubique et patronum, semper agnoscat:
Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et niero motu nostris ordinavimus constituimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris ordinamus con- incorporation an«i stituimus et concedimus, quod de caetero in perpetuum erit Societas, de Praeside Concilio et Sodalibus consistent, qui vocabuntur et nun- cupabuntur Praeses Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis Londini pro Scientia natural] promovenda (cuius quidem Societatis nos ipsos The Kinp himself
V, , J f, Fomidrr and Patron.
lundatorem et Patronum per presentes declaramus) ; Lt eandem Societatem, per nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Socie- tatis Londini pro Scientia naturali promovenda, ununi corpus cor-
70 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
<rant
*vea Common -Itemblett
mi et politicum in re facto ct nomine realiter et ad plenum pro heivdibus et .suceessoribus nostris facimus ordinamus creamus et constituimu> jx-r presenter et quod per idem nomen habeant suc- tiii perpetuam; Et quod ipsi et eorum suecessores (quorum *tudia ad rerinn naturalium artiunujue utilium scientias experimento- ruin tide- ulterius promoveiidas. in Dei Creatoris gloriam et generis human! connnodmn, applicanda sunt), per idem nomen Praesidis Con- cilii et Sodalium Regalis Soeietatis Londini pro Scientia natural! promovenda, sint et erunt perpetuis futuris temporibus personac habilcs et in lege capaees ad habendum perquirendum percipiendum -sideiidmn terras [etj1 tenementa prata pascua pasturas liber- Drivilegia f'ranchesias jurisdictiones et hereditamenta quaecun- :!>i et suceessoribus suis in feodo et perpetuitate, vel pro termino vitae vitamin vel annorum, sen aliter quocunque modo, ac etiam bona et cat alia, ac oiniies alias res, cujuscunque fuerint generis naturae speciei sive qualitatis (Statute de alienatione in manuni mortuam non obstante) ; Necnon ad dandum concedendum [dimittendum] l lignandum eadem terras tenementa et hereditamenta, bona et catallu, et oinnia facta et res necessarias faciendum et exequendum de et concernentia eadem, per nomen praedictum; Et quod per nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Soeietatis Londini pro Scientia natural! promovenda praedictum placitare et im- placitari, respondere et, responderi, defendere et defendi de caetero rpetuum valeant et possint, in quibuscunque Curiis placeis et oram qiiibuscunquc Judieibus et Justiciariis et aliis personis et olliciariis nostris heredum et sueeessorum nostrorum, in omnibus :iLT,uIis aetionibus, turn realibus, turn personalibus, placitis sectis cjtierelis causis materiis rebus et demandis quibuscunque, cujuscunque >int aut erunt generis naturae vel speciei, eisdem modo et forma, prout aliqui ligei nostri intra hoc llegnum nostrum Angliae, per- habiles et in lege capaees, aut ut aliquod corpus corporatum vel politieum intra hoc Reguum nostrum Angliae, habere perquirere recipen- possidere, dare et concedere, placitare et implacitari, re- spond* -iv ' t reflponderi, det'endere vel defendi valeant et possint, va- • »it ; Et quod iidein Praeses Concilium et Sodales Regalis •atJN pracdictae et successores sui habeant in perpetuum Com- - ;illum, pro causis et negotiis suis et. sueeessorum suorum quibiiM -unque ngeiidis dcserviturum ; et quod bene liceat et licebit ii Coucilio et Sodalibus Jiegalis Soeietatis praedictae, lifl pro tempore existeiitibus, Sigillum illud de tem- mpu> fran ge re inutare et de novo facere, prout eis melius tur rxpcdiri.
1 From the Patent Roll.
CHARTA SECUNDA 71
Damns insuper et concedimus per presenter Praesidi Concilio et Grant of Arm*. rU. Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, conimqui- in {>erpetuuin Dext^Store^LionK successoribus, in favoris nostri regii erga ip^>s nostraeque de ipsis °J]foJl*nd: J11^*1*0 peculiaris existimationis praesenti et futuris aetatibuH testimonium, port*"- haec honoris insignia sequentia, viz. : In Parinae argenteae angulo dextro tres leones nostros Anglicos ; et pro Crista galeam corona flosculis interstincta adornatam, cui supereininet aquila nativi coloris, altero pede scutum leonibus nostris insignitum tenens; Telamones scutarios, duos canes sagaces albos, colla coronis cinctos (prout in margine luculentius videre est *) : a praedictis Praeside Concilio et Sodalibus ipsorumque successoribus, prout feret2 occasio, in per- petuum gestanda producenda 3 possidenda.
Et, quod intentio nostra regia melioreni sortiatur eff'ectum, ac pro The Council shall
. . , .. j . . „ i • o • , , • i consist of twenty-one
bono regimme et gubernatione praedictae Kegalis bocietatis de (of whom the Pre«i-
tempore in tempus, volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus g^ lways oSe).
et successoribus nostris concedimus eisdem Praesidi Concilio et
Sodalibus Societatis Regalis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod
de caetero in perpetuum Concilium praedictum erit et consistet ex
viginti et una personis (quarum Praesidem pro tempore existentem,
vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus); Et quod omnes All other persons who
et singulae aliae personae, quae intra duos menses proxime sequentes Emitted asiLmJers
post datum presentium per Praesidem et Concilium, vel per aliquos Jg the President and
undecim vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, or more of them (of
, . „ . whom, &c.) or by two-
vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), vel per duas tertias thirds or more of
partes vel plures praedictorum undecim vel plurium, et in omni tempore sequenti per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales, sive per aliquos viffinti et unum vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro the President, Coun-
, . T* *\ cil, &nd Fellows, or by
tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), any twenty-one or sive per duas tertias partes vel plures praedictorum viginti et unius whom°the President vel plurium, in eandem Societatem accipientur et admittentur ut
Membra liegalis Societatis praedictae, et in Registro per ipsos parts or more of the
, . . , , said twenty-one or
conservando annotatae fuerint, erunt vocabuntur et nuncupabuntur more ; and shall be
Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae, quamdiu vixerint, nisi ob causam aliquam rationabilem, secundum Statuta Regalis Societatis praedictae condenda, quemvis eorum amoveri contigerit : quos 4 hu-iy amoved. quanto eminentius omnis generis doctrinae bonarumque literarum studio clarescant, quanto ardentius hujusce Societatis honorem studia et emolumentum 5 promoveri cupiant, quanto vitae integritate morum- que probitate ac pietate emineant, et fidelitate animique erga nos Coronam et dignitatem nostram sincere affectu polleant, eo magis
1 A representation of the Arms appears on the first skin of the Charter.
2 This word is omitted from the Patent Roll.
3 -Sic. 4 * Quas ' iu the Roll. 5 Or emolumenta.
7-j RKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
i(loiK>os et dignos. qui in Sodnlium ejusdem Societatis numerum
•itur. oniniiu) (viiM-ri volunuis.
pro mrliori exeeutione voluntatis et concessionis nostrae in hac
parle. assi«rnavimiis nominuvimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per pre-
- pro iiol)is heredibus et successoribus nostris assignamus nomina-
mus c-onstituinuis et fju-inius, praedilectum et fidelem nobis Williel-
,,unt mum, Viceeomitem Brouncker, Cancellarium praecharissimae Consortis
ic Retinae Catharinae, esse primum et modernum Praesidem
iir^alis Societatis praedictae ; volcntes quod praedictus Willielmus,
>nu'N Brouncker, in ofHcio Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae,
datu j)resentium usque ad festum Sancti Andreae proximum
>e<|iientem post datum presentium, continuabit, et quousque unus
alius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existente
ad (>fficium illud debito modo electus praefectus et juratus fuerit, juxta
ordinationem et provisionem in his presentibus inferius expressam et
declaratam (si praedictus Willielmus, Vicecomes Brouncker, tain diu
t vixrrit) ; sacramento corporali in. omnibus et peromnia officium illud
tangentia bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum veram intentionem
hart mi presentium, coram praedilecto et perquam fideli Consanguineo
et Consiliario nostro Edwardo, Comite Clarendon, Cancellario nostro
Angliae, prius praestito (cui quidem Edwardo, Comiti Clarendon,
Cancellario nostro praedicto, sacramentum praedictum administrare
plcnam potestatem et authoritatem damus et concedimus), in haec
•sOatii. verba sccjiieiitia, vi/. : /, William, Vwcount BrouncJcer, doe promise to
(kak faithfully and honestly in all things belonging to the trust
commuted to me as President of the Roy all Society of London for im-
/irnrinir n a fin-all Knowledge, dureing my Imployment in that capacity.
'/rlfic me God!
"iii ignavimus etiam constituimus et fecimus, ac per presentes pro
nobis lirivdibus et successoribus noatris facimus, dilectos nobis et fidele> Uobertum Moray, Militem, unum a Secretioribus nostris Conciliis in Keirno nostro Scotiae, Robertum Boyle, Armigerum, Williehmim Bren-ton, Armigerum, filium primogenitum Baronis de Bn-rcton. Kent linum l)i<r})y, Militem, praecharissimae matri nostrae Mariac JU-irinac Canci-llanum, Gilbertum Talbot,1 Militem, Jocaliuin nostroriim 'rhcsaurariinn, Paiilum Neile, Militem, unum Ostiariorum CaiiM-rae pri\:it;u- no>trac, I Icnncum Slingesby, Armigerum, unum mi pnicdict.-ie pri \ at ac Camerae nostrae, Willielmum Petty, Militnn. Timotlicum Clarke, in Medicinis Doctorem et unum Medi- '•orum nostronim. .lohaniu-m Wilkins, in Theologia Doctorem, -ium Ki,r, in Mcdinni.s Doctorem, Willielmum Aerskine, unum
1 Sir (iill,,- ,-t Tall.ot .-..id Mr. Hill u(>n- not in the first Charter: they supply Dr. Walli* :in,l Dr. '
CHARTA SECUNDA 7:5
a Poeulis nostris, Jonathan. Goddard, in Mcdicinis Doctorem ct Pro-
fessorem Collegii de Gresham, Willielmum Balle, Amii^-rum,
Matthaeum Wren, Armigerum, Johannein Evelyn, Armigerum,
Thoinam Henshaw, Armigerum, Dudley Palmer, de Greys Inn in
comitatu nostro Middlesexiae, Armigerum, Ahrahamum Hill, de
London, Armigerum, et Henricum Oldenburg, Armigerum, una cum
Praeside praedicto, fore et esse primos et modernos viginti et unum de
Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae ; continuandos in T.,,.,,,t
officiis Concilii praedicti a datu presentium usque ad praedictum till othensbaii be*"*
festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequentem, et deinde, ^^a^VeJfo?''tut
miousque aliae idoneae personae et habiles et sufficientes in officia OMM-, \ bavin* fir«t
,. , . ...... taken, before the
praedicta electae praefectae et iuratae fuennt (si tarn dm vixen nt, President, the ilk. •
,. . . , .. ,.,. /. . .v Oath as he took, //*/«-
aut pro ahqua justa et1 rationabili causa non amotae luennt) ; MM mut<n sacramentis corporalibus coram Praeside pro tempore existente praedictae Regalis Societatis, ad officia sua bene et fideliter in omni- bus et per omnia officia ilia tangentia exequenda, prius praestan- dis, secundiim formam et effectum praedicti sacramenti, mutatis mutandis, Praesidi Regalis Societatis praedictae per Cancellarium nostrum Angliae administrandi (cui quidem Praesidi pro tempore existenti sacramenta praedicta administrare personis praedictis, et aliis quibuscunque in posterum de tempore in tempus in Concilium praedictum eligendis, plenam potestatem et authoritatem pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damns et concedimus per presentes) : Et quod eaedem personae sic, ut praefertur, ad Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis electae praefectae et juratae, et in posterum eligen- dae praeficiendae et jurandae de tempore in tempus, erunt et existent auxiliantes consulentes et assistentes in omnibus materiis rebus et negotiis meliores regulationem gubernationem et directionem prae- dictae Regalis Societatis, et cujuslibet Membri ejusdem, tangentibus seu concernentibus.
Concedimus etiam Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Societatis prae- The President, Coun-
j. , . ., vj . . . oil, and Fellows, or
dictae, et eorum in perpetuum successoribus, quod ipsi et successores any nine or more of eorum, seu aliqui novem vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro Jjja^iioia awembuS^ tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), at jny Jime or ^JJJJ conventus seu congregationes de seipsis pro experimentorum et renim t<n mil.-: of it. naturalium cognitione et indagine, aliisque negotiis ad Societatem praedictam spectantibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere et habere possint in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra Civitatem nostram Londini, vel [in] 2 aliquo alio loco commodo intra decem milliaria ab eadem Civitate nostra.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et c
1)11- or
' Aut ' in the Patent Roll ; but see p. 51. 2 From the Patent Roll.
71- KKCOUl) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
MiccesNoribus m»tris eoncedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus
cietatia pnu-.Iu-t.-u-, et successoribus suis, quod Praeses Con-
sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae protempore existentes,
liiiui triinnta et unus vel plures eoruin (quorum Praesidem pro
, • , x ix
tempore cxistentem, vel ejtis Deputation, unum esse volumus), sen najor pars praedictormn triginta et unius vel plurium, de tempore in .'' tcmpus perpetuis futuris temporibus potestatem et authoritatem •ilu-ant et habebunt nominandi et cligendi, et quod eligere et nomi- l>os>int et vale-ant, quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti And rone, unum dt1 Concilio praedictae Hegalis Societatis pro tempore \i-tciite. (jiii sit et erit Praeses Hegalis Societatis praedictae usque ad t'c-tum Sancti Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum sequentem (si tarn din vixerit, aut interim pro aliqua justa et rationabili causa non amotus fuerit), et exinde quousque unus alius in officium Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit ; (jiindcjiie ille postquam sic ut praefertur electus et nominatus fuerit in officium Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae, antequam ad officium illud admittatur, sacramentum corporale coram Concilio ejusdem Kegalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum. ad oflieium illud recte bene et fideliter in omnibus officium illud tan- gL'iitibus exequendum praestabit, secundum formam et effectum prae- dicti saeramenti, mutatis mutandis ; (cui quidem Concilio, aut jiliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramentum praedictum administrare, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, plenam potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus, quotiescunque Praesidem eligere opua fuerit, damns et concedimus per presentes ;) et qimd post hujusmodi sacramentum sic ut praefertur praestitum, otlicium Praesidis Uegalis Societatis praedictae usque ad festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum sequentem exequi valeat et possit : Kt ^>i contincrit Praesidem Jleiralis Soeietatis praedictae protempore
T 1 • C •,-«.. ^ • 1 • • 1
\istcnteni aliquo tempore, quamdui fuerit in ofhcio Praesidis ejusdem
!{ ilis Societatis, obin-, decedere, vel ab officio suo amoveri, quod
f tune ct tot ie^ bene lieeat et. lieebit Concilio Regalis Societatis prae-
lictae, eoniiiKjue in perpetuum successoribus, sive aliquibus undecim
, . <•! phinhiis roruni, eomemre vel congregan ad ehgendum unum de
dicto immero Coneilii praedicti in Praesidem Regalis Societatis
lictae; et (jiiod ille, (|ui per Conciliinn praedictum, vel per pnu-
dicto- nndecim vel plures, vel per majorem partem praedictorum undecim
et plurium, ehrtiiN fuerit et juratus, ut praefertur, officium illud habeat
it durantr residue ejuadem anni, et (juousque alius ad officium
illud dcbito niodo elect us et juratus fuerit, saeramento corporali in
forma supra -pccificata prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic
derit
CHARTA SECUNDA 75
Et ulterius volumus, quod quandocunqae continent aliqucm vel On the Death. aliquos de Concilio Hegalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existente *','.'
mori, vel ab officio illo anioveri, veldecedere ; quosqtiidcm de Coneilio (who»rc ' Regalis Societatis ])raedictae et eoruni quemlibet pro male segerendis President and Council aut aliqua alia rationabili causa amobiles esse volumus, ad beneplaci- thePreddi tuin Praesidis et eaeterorum de Concilio praedicto (quorum Praesidem twen*y!cSeor°morf«rf> pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel them (of whom, &<-.) majoris partis eorundem ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit sack twenty-™, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, vacanc^fromiu' eorumque in perpetuuui successoribus, vel aliquibus viginti uni vel '' ' '
pluribus eorundem (quorum Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae /
pro tempore existentem, vel eius Deputatum. unum esse volumus). vel the next St. Andrew's
. . ,. . . .. ; IT- v Day, and until an-
majori parti praedictorum viginti et unius vel plunum, unum ahum other or others shall
vel plures alios de Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, loco sive
locis ipsius vel ipsoruni sic mortuorum decedentium vel amotorum, ad
supplendum praedictum numerum viginti et unius personarum de
Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae, nominare eligere et praeficere ;
et quod ille sive illi sic in officio illo electi et praefecti idem officium
habeat et habeant usque ad festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli tune
proximum sequentem, et exinde quousque unus alius vel plures alii
electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit, electi praefecti et nominati
fuerint ; sacramento corporali ad officium illud in omnibus et per omnia
officium illud tangentia, coram Praeside et Concilio Regalis Societatis
praedictae, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesi-
dem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse
volumus), bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum veram intentionem
praesentium, priiis praestando.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et sue- On st. Andrew's Day,
•u . • T f • ^ -j- n -T LO J TU ten of the Council HI.-I
cessonbus nostns concedimus praeiatis Praesidi Concilio et sodalibus no more) are to be praedictae Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis,1 quod ipsi et successores sui, sive aliqui triginta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum
Praesidem pro -tempore existentem, vel eius Deputatum, semper (of whom the r
* dent or his Deputy
unum esse volumus), sive major pars praedictorum triginta et unius always to be one), or vel plurium, quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apostoli, plenam potestatem et authoritatem habeant et habebunt eligendi nominandi praeficiendi et mutandi decem de Sodalibus Regalis Socie- tatis praedictae, ad supplendum loca et officia decem praedicti numeri viginti et unius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae ; quoniam regiam voluntatem nostram esse declaramus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus, quod decem de Concilio praedicto, et non amplius, per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae annuatim mutati et amoti fuerint. t Imperpetwim,' in the Patent Roll.
7<; KKC(Wl) OF THE KOYAL SOCIETY
his
in his it make - Council
the absonr.' <>t tl,.-
Yolumus etiam. et pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, et xiu-cc>soribus suis in perpetuum, quod si contigerit Prae- >idem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritudine \cl inlirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successorum ?iostn>rum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis
iis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus attendere non poterit, quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidem
<li -ic detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae Kcgalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus, sit et erit Deputatus ejusdem Praesidis, de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore, quo praedictus Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, nisi interim praedictus Praeses Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens unum alium de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et consti- tuent; Et quod quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praefertur faciendus et constituendus, omnia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis praedictae Regalis Societatis pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per praedictum Praesidem virtute harum Literannn nostraruin Patentium limitata et appunctuata fore1 facien- da et cxc-qucnda, de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Prae.xes sic abesse contigerit, durante tali tempore, quo Deputatus praedicti Praesidis continuaverit, facere et exequi valeat et possit. harum Literarum nostraruin Patentium, adeo plene libere et
e, ac in tain amplis modo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si ilia facere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento corporali super sancta Dei Evangelia in forma et eftectu supra specif icat is per hujusmodi Deputatum, ad omnia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis pertinent bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato Concilio predictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquibus septem l vel pluribus eorum, prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident ; cui quidem Concilio vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro tempore existente,2 sacramentum praedictum administrare
tatem et ailthoritatem, (juoties casus sic accident, damus et coneedimus per presentes, absque brevi commissione sive ulteriori
llt() i" <|;> parti- a nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris procurando sen obtinendo.
1 Thi- iiiimliiT ,,f MOM i^ w l.-^nu-d hy the third Charter as to the two ;/••«• • •njc.iiir.l : Init a- to M,N Oath of Ojfi<-<>. fir,' an- ina«l«- sufficient.
CHARTA SECUNDA 77
Et ulterius volimms, ac per presentes pro nobis hercdibus et Tlie Society may h«v» successor! bus nostris conccdimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali- 8ecrot»rie«,'t* bus Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus sui>, <|iio<l ipsi et successores sui de caetero in perpetuum habeant et babebunt unum Thesaurarium, duos Secretaries, Curatores experimentoruni duos vel fttt"n(1"i
~, . , , _ . dent. All them are to
plures, Clericum unum vel plures, et praeterea duos Servientes ad be chosen and named Clavas, qui de tempore in tempus super Praesidem attendant : qimdque Council* and'r' praedicti Thesaurarius Secretarii Curatores Clericus vel Clerici et ^ore^f th?m°5f ^ Servientes ad Clavas per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales Regalis whom the President
. or his Deputy to be
Societatis praedictae, sive per aliquos tngmta et unum vel plures one,) or by the major eoriim((|iiorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, oneormore1; ai
unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum triginta et m™praiden"' unius vel plurium, eligendi et nominandi, antequam ad officia sua Deputy, and the r,,uu-
. IT. 8"i or any seven or
specialia et respectiva exequenda admittantur, sacramenta sua cor- more of tiu-m.
poralia in forma et effectu supra specificatis, coram Praeside, vel ejus
Deputato, et Concilio ejusdem Regalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem
vel pluribus eorum, officia sua separalia et respectiva in omnibus ilia
tangentibus recte bene et fideliter exequenda praestabunt ; et quod
post hujusmodi sacramenta 2 sic ut praefertur praestita, officia sua
respectiva exerceant et utantur ; quibus quidem Praesidi et Concilio,
aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramenta praedicta de
tempore in tempus administrare praedictis separalibus et respectivis
officiariis et successoribus suis plenam potestatem et authoritatem
damns et concedimus per presentes : Et assignavimus nominavi- The first Treasurer
mus elegimus creavimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per presentes twoWst secretaries.*
pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris assignamus nominamus
eligimus creamus constituimus et facimus, dilectos subditos nostros
praedictum Willielmum Balle, Armigerum, fore et esse primum et
modernum Thesaurarium, et praedictum Johannem Wilkins et
Henricum Oldenburg fore et esse primes et modernos Secretaries
praedictae Regalis Societatis, continuandos in eisdem officiis usque ad
praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequentem
post datum presentium : Quodque de tempore in tempus et ad omnia On every St. Andrew's
tempora, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apostoli (si non fuerit Sunday? ami 'then on
dies Dominicus, et si fuerit dies Dominicus, tune die proximo sequente), SjaWent^uni-i'i
Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore and Fellows, or any
... Thirty-one or more of
existentes, sive aliqui tngmta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum Prae- them (of whom, &c ), sidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), JJ^V Thirty^ m.'-'l.r sive major pars praedictorum triginta et unius vel plurium, probos et ™£™ %£ l% *&™IK >r discretes viros de tempore in tempus in Thesaurarium et Secretaries, Council to be TI
1 .,.. . . . ,. surer and Secretaries ',
qui sunt et erunt de numero Concilu Regalis Societatis praedictae, who, after i*»ing eligere nominare et praeficere valeant et possint ; quodque illi, qui in JhiSrOffices'tiii tho
UKl'OHl) OF THE 11OYAL, SOCIETY
paialia ct respectiva ofiicia praedicta sic- ut praefertur electi praefecti
etjurati t'ueriiit. otlicia ilia respectiva exercere et gaudere possint et
;it usque ad praedictum fcstuni Sancti Andreae extunc proximum
quentem, sacramcntis suis praedictis sic ut praefertur prius praestan-
lis ; et sic- toties (jiiotic-s easus MC accident. Et si contigerit electiones
praedictas IVacsidi>, Concilii, Thesaurarii, Secretariorum, vel alicujus
'•''". V M-l ali(|uoruiii eorum, in festo Sancti Andreae praedicto commode
ieri \cl pcrfici non posse, damns et concedimus praedictis Praesidi
Conc-ilio et Sodalibus, et snccessoribus eorum in perpetuum, quod ipsi,
IT / -r» • 1
vel alicjiii triginta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro vmpore existenteni, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel , ... major pars praedictorum triginta et unius vel plurium, licite possint iiominare et assignare unum alium diem, quam proxime ad festum Sancti Andreae praedictum commode fieri poterit, pro electionibus prai-dictis faciendis vel perficiendis ; et sic de die in diem, donee praedictae electiones perficiantur : Et si contigerit aliquem vel aliquos ohMciariorum praedictorum ejusdem Regalis Societatis obire, decedere, vel ab officiis suis respectivis amoveri, quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, X et eorum successoribus in perpetuum, sive aliquibus viginti et uni vel nluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel eius
Ki-liows, «>r any 7 . . ,.
Deputatum, unum esse volumus), seu majori parti praedictorum
in the ... . 11- T IT- tr> • • a» •
. . viginti et unius vel plurium, ahum vel alios in omcmm sive omcia iriSrioi'C>Buchtho i^aruni personarum sic defunctarum decedentium sive amotarum
eligere et praeficere ; et quod ille sive illi sic electus et praefectus
lecti et praefecti officia praedicta respectiva habeant et exerceant
lurante residuo ejusdem anni, et quousque alius sive alii ad officia ilia
re^pirtiva debito niodo electus et juratus fuerit, electi et jurati fuerint ;
ct xjc toties (jiioties c-asus sic accident.
Kt insuper voliniius, ac- de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia
, ' ct mero motu nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Soda-
!ibu> Hcgalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis in perpetuum,
I :.»! 1'ra. >(-> ct Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore
(praemissa semper in conventibus extraordinariis omnium
•brornm Coiic-ilii praedicti debita seu legitima summonitione vel
. sive aliqni novein vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro
tempore • Ai^entem, v«-l c-jus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), pariter
t«^ c -ongn -^are « t a— cmblarc- possint et valeant in collegio sive aula sive
in^ttJ™ ftno '0('° convcniciitr intra (-ivitatem nostram Londini, vel in aliquo
alio loco COnveniente intra dcccm milliaria ab eadem Civitate nostra;
' (jtind ipsi sic c.ingrc«rati et assemblati, sive major pars eorum,
Imbcbiint et habeant plenum authoritatern potestatcm et facultatem
de tempore in tempns condendi constituendi ordinandi faciendi et
CHARTA SECUXDA ?'.>
stabiliendi hujusmodi leges statuta jura ordination^ i-l rmi-titut ioncs, reasonable, and not
quae eis, aut eorum majori parti, lx>na salubria utilia honesta et w
mressaria juxta curuin smias discretimirs to IT videbuntur, pro indiori
gubernatione regulations rt direct ioiu- Regalis Societatis praedictae, et
cujuslibet Membri ejusdcm, omnia<jiir ad gubcrnationcm res bona
facultates redditus terras tenementa hcivditanicnta et negotia Regalia
Societatis praedictae spectantia agendi et faciendi ; (juae onniia et
singula leges statuta jura ordinationes et constitutionc* sic ut prae-
fertur facienda volumus, et per presentes pro nobis lu-irdibus et
successoribus nostris firniiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus,
quod de tempore in tempus inviolabiliter observata fuerint, secundum
tenorem et effectum eorundem ; ita tamen, quod praedicta leges
statuta jura ordinationes et constitutiones sic ut praefertur facienda,
et eorum quaelibet, sint rationabilia, et non sint repugnantia nee con-
traria legibus consuetudinibus juribus sive statutis hujusRegni nostri
Angliae.
Et ulterius de ampliori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et The President, Coun-
• • j i • . oil, and Fellows, or
mero motu nostris dednnus et concessnnus, ac per presentes pro uny twenty-one or nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis ™hom°the President Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis. et sue- or his Deputy to be
., . . . ,. .. .... , i .1 always one), or the
cessonbus suis in perpetuum, sive ahquibus vigmti et uni vel plunbus major part of such
eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputa-
turn, semper unum esse volumus), seu majori parti praedictorum
viginti et unius vel plurium, plenam potestatem et authoritatem de and authorize them,
.. ,. . by writing under the
tempore in tempus eligendi nommandi et constituendi unum vel common Seal, and plures Typographos sive Impressores, et Chalcographos seu Sculp tores ; f/StJ to print such"
et ipsi vel ipsis per scriptum Communi Sigillo praedictae Regalis conTmi^he Royal Societatis sigillatum, et manu Praesidis pro tempore existentis signa- Society) as shall be
c 11. given them in charge
turn, facultatem concedendi, ut nnprimant tales res matenas et by the President and
. . i . . r» t o • * j i Council, or any seven
negotia praedictam Kegalem societatem tangentes vel concernentes, Or more of them (of
quales praedicto Typographo vel Impressed, Chalcographo seu
Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Impressoribus, Chalcographis vel one), or the major part
' , Jr r . ., .,. of such seven or more.
oculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per Praesidem et Concilium They must be first
T. -r, Toi'ii" i -i • sworn before the Pre-
praedictae Kegalis Societatis, vel aliquos septem vel plures eorum sident and Council, or
(quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, 01
unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum septem
vel plurium, commissae fuerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, ante-
quam ad officia sua exercenda admittantur, coram Praeside et Concilio
pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, in
forma et effectu ultimo specificatis, prius praestandis ; quibus quidem
Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacra-
menta praedicta administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem
damus et concedimus per presentes.
80 HKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Kt ultrrius, ijtiod praedicti Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae \\ ilia Socii-tatis in |)liilos()j)liic-is suis studiis meliorem sortiantur
. U'rctum, de ampliori "Tatia nostra special! ac ex certa scientia et nicro
• i •
mot u in»tris dedimus et eoncessimus, ac per presentes pro nohis
iv.iil.ii- rt Niirccxsoribus nostris dainus et concedimus, praedictis : !<li Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Hegalis Societatis, et suc-
•iluis sin's in perpetuum, quod ipsi et successores sui, sive aliqui
,, . i ovem \cl phi res eornm (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem,
.•i i-ju> Drputatum, ununi esse voluinus), sive major pars praedictorum
..ivi-m \el pltirium, de tempore in tempus habeant et habebunt plenam
-tatem et autlioritatem de, tempore in tempus, et ad talia tem-
prstna tempora, secundnm eorum diseretionem, per assignatum vel
jiato> suos,re(iuirere capere et reciperecadaveratalium personarum,
(jtiae mortem maim carnificis passae fuerunt, et ea anatomizare, in tarn
amplis modo et forma, et ad oinnes intentiones et proposita, prout
I'raoidens Collegii Medicorum et Societas Chirurgorum Civitatis
iio^trae Ix)iidon ((Uiibuscunque nominibus duae praedictae eorpora-
tiones insignitae fuerint) eisdem eadaveribus usi vel gavisi fuerunt, aut
nti vel gandere valeant et possint.
Et ulteriiis, pro melioratione experimentorum artium et scientiarinn Taedictae lli-galis Societatis, de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali
1C ex certa seienlia et mero motu nostris dedimus et concessiinus. ac
• .1, per presences pro nobia Iieredibus et successonbus nostris damus et
oncedimus, pract'atis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali bus praedictae Regal is
-ocictati>. ct Miceessoribus suis in perpetuum, quod ipsi et successores
ii. >i\e ali(jiii novem vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tem-
pon- existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse voluinus), sive major
V L 1 • 1 11
pars praedictorum novem vel plunum, de tempore in tempus habeant et liabebunt plenam potestatem et authoritatem per literas vel epi- -tola-, -ul) maim praedicti Praesidis vel ejus Deputati, in presentia Concilii vi-1 ali(jiionim septem vel pltirium eorum, et in nomine Regalis 'at is, mtituis intelligentiis fruentur et negotiis ] cum omnibus et omnimodis prreirrinis et alienis, utrtini privatis vel collegiatis, corpora- ti» \rl |)oliticix, absque aliqua molestatione intcrruptione vel inquie- tate ' <|iiacnii(|iie : Proviso tamen, (|iiod haec indulgentia nostra sic, ut fertur, concevsa ad ultcriorem non extendatur usiini, (juam parti- cnlaiv beiicficium et iiiteres-e praedictae Hegalis Societatis in materiis
nl)ii> philoflOphiciB mathematics aut mechanicis.
[;"•••"•• -c'Y'1 '"'•' iilterius dedimus et concessimiis, ac per presentes pro nobis
icn-dibus «•( Miccrssoribiis nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis
•Ii Concilio et Sodalilms Jiegalis Societatis praedictae, et
1 In the tir»t Charter, ' tiotifiix.'
SlK
•')' <I. Var k, in tlu- pos^r—ion oi tli<' llov;il Sir-i
nob is
dictis
_
PLATE \ III
SIR ISAAC NKWTO.V From a portrait by J. Van der Banck, in the possession or the Royal Society
CHART A SECUNDA 81
successoribus suis in perpetuum, sive Praesidi et Concilio Regal is of them, to build Societatis praedictae vel major! parti eorum, plenam potestatem et authoritatem erigendi aedificandi et extruendi, aut erigi aedificari Ialle80»lt et extrui faciendi vel causandi, intra Civitatem nostram Londini, vel decem milliaria ab eadem, unum vel plura Collegium vel Col- legia cujuscunque modi et qualitatis, pro habitatione assemblatione et congregatione praedictorum Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium . prae- dictae Regalis Societatis et successorum suorum, ad negotia sua et alias res eandem Regalem Societatem concernentia ordinanda et disponenda.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et if any abu*» shall successoribus nostris ordinamus constituimus et appunctuamus, quod aSe^they •hau'S00 si aliqui abusus vel discrepantiae in posterum orientur et accident byf^^ftrinoVciaren- de gubernatione aut aliis rebus vel negotiis praedictae Regalis don (Lord Chancellor)
...,.,... ,. alone, while living ;
Societatis, unde ejusdem constitution! stabilimmi et studiorum and after his. i.ath i,\ progressui vel rebus et negotiis aliqua inferatur injuria vel impedi- Canterbury, the chan- mentum ; quod tune et toties per presentes pro nobis heredibus JJJJ Q^a^jf rtnl,
et successoribus nostris authorizamus nominamus et constituimus Treasurer, Privy Seal,
. „ Bishop of London, and
praefatum praedilectum et perquam ndelem Consangumeum et Con- two Principal Secre- siliarium nostrum Edwardum, Comitem de Clarendon, Cancellarium {"£& or'anyfouTor nostrum Regni nostri Angliae, per seipsum durante vita sua, et more of them- post ejus mortem, tune Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, Cancel- larium vel Custodem Magni Sigilli Angliae, Thesaurarium Angliae, Custodem Privati Sigilli, Episcopum Londinensem, et duos Prin- cipales Secretaries pro tempore existentes, aut aliquos quatuor vel plures eorum, easdem discrepantias et abusus reconciliare componere et reducere.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et General Clauses, successoribus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus omnibus et singulis Justitiariis Majoribus Aldermannis Vicecomitibus Ballivis Constabulariis et aliis officiariis ministris et subditis nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque, quod de tempore in tempus sint auxiliantes et assistentes praedictis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, eorumque in perpetuum successoribus, in omnibus et per omnia, secundum veram intentionem harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium.
E6 quod expressa mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliis donis sive conces- sionibus per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum nostrorum praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae ante haec tempora factis, in presentibus minime facta existit; aut aliquo statuto actu ordinatione provisione proclama- tione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito
si> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
ordinato sive proviso, aut aliqiia alia re causa vel materia quacunque, in ali(juo non obstante.
In cujus rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. ipso. apnd \Vestmoiiasterium, vicesimo secundo die Aprilis, anno ivgni nostri deeimo quinto.1
Per breve de Privato Sigillo.
HOWARD.
Incorporation and • ime.
i- himself Founder and Patron
Translation of Second Charter, A,D. 1663.
Charles t IK- Second, by the grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to whom these our Letters Patent shall come, greeting.
\\ e have long and fully resolved with Ourself to extend not only the boundaries of the Empire, but also the very arts and sciences. Therefore we look with favour upon all forms of learning, but with particular grace we encourage philosophical studies, especially those which by actual experiments attempt either to shape out a new philo- sophy or to perfect the old. In order, therefore, that such studies, which have not hitherto been sufficiently brilliant in any part of the world, may shine conspicuously amongst our people, and that at length the whole world of letters may always recognize us not only as the Defender of the Faith, but also as the universal lover and patron of every kind of truth :
Know ve that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge
and mere motion, have ordained, established, and granted, and by
presents for us, our heirs, and successors do ordain, establish,
and grant, that henceforth for ever there shall be a Society consisting
of a President, Council, and Fellows, who shall be called and named
IY< >ident, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London
tor promoting Natural Knowledge (of which same Society we by
presents declare Ourself Founder and Patron); And by these
;or us, our heirs, and successors we do make, ordain, create,
and constitute the same Society, by the name of The President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting
il Knowledge, one body corporate and politic, in fact, deed,
and ally and fully, and that by the same name they may
pctual succession; And that they and their successors
(\\hose studies are to be applied to further promoting by the
• >!i four skins of vellum ; and, like the first, contains soim- DC ornamented capital letters. The Arms of the Society, coloured, appear on the first
TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 83
authority of experiments the sciences of natural things and of useful arts, to the glory of God the Creator, and the advantage of the human race), by the same name of The President, Council, and Follows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, may and shall be in all future times persons able and Capacity to purchase : capable in law to have, acquire, receive, and possess hinds [and] tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, liberties, privileges, fran- chises, jurisdictions, and hereditaments whatsoever to them and their successors in fee and perpetuity, or for term of life, lives, or years, or otherwise in whatsoever manner, and also goods and chattels, and all other things, of whatsoever kind, nature, sort, or quality they may be (the Statute concerning alienation in mortmain notwithstand- ing); and also to give, grant, [demise,] and assign the same lands, and to grant; tenements, and hereditaments, goods and chattels, and to do and execute all acts and things necessary of and concerning the same, by the name aforesaid ; And that by the name of The President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge aforesaid, they may henceforth for ever be able and have power to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be an- to sue and be sued ; swered, to defend and be defended, in whatsoever Courts and places, and before whatsoever Judges, Justices, and other persons and officers of us, our heirs, and successors, in all and singular actions, both real and personal, pleas, suits, plaints, causes, matters, things, and demands whatsoever, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort they may or shall be, in the same manner and form as any of our lieges within this our Realm of England, being persons able and capable in law, or as any body corporate or politic within this our Realm of England, may be able and have power to have, acquire, receive, possess, give, and grant, to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be answered, to defend or be defended ; And that the same President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid and their successors for ever may have a Common Seal, to serve for transacting all causes and and to have a Com- affairs whatsoever of them and their successors ; and that it may pleasure. ' and shall be good and lawful to the same President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for the time being, to break, change, and make anew that Seal from time to time, as it shall seem most expedient to them.
We give and grant moreover by these presents to the President, Grant of Arms, vi*. Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their giies three Lions of successors for ever, in testimony of our royal favour towards them, and ofnf crest, and Sup- of our peculiar esteem for them, to the present and future ages, these porters, following blazons of honour, that is to say : in the dexter corner of a silver shield our three Lions of England, and for Crest a helm adorned
G2
si- UKCOK1) OF TIIK HOVAL SOCIETY
with a crown studded with florets, surmounted by an eagle of proper colour holding in one foot a sliield charged with our lions : Supporters, two white hounds gorged with crowns; to be borne, exhibited, and possessed tor ever bv the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows, and their successors, as occasion shall serve.
And that our royal intention may obtain the better effect, and for the good rule and government of the aforesaid Royal Society from ,tulii time to time, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and T'piv-l stiecessors do grant to the same President, Council, and Fellows of the
i ;'v Koyal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that henceforth for
ever the Council aforesaid shall be and consist of twenty-one persons (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to rbo be always one); And that all and singular other persons who Smittod^iiemb^rs, within two months next following after the date of these presents shall , received and admitted into the same Society as Members of the 11 oval Society aforesaid, by the President and Council, or by any eleven or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time fn two months ; ' being, or his Deputy, to be always one), or by two third parts or more
of the aforesaid eleven or more, and in all time following by the <sident, Conn- President, Council, and Fellows, or by any twenty-one or more of
|,y ^ » ^ J J J
them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his |'s'm Deputy, to be always one), or by two third parts or more of the
aforesaid twenty-one or more, and shall have been noted in the
Register by them to be kept, shall be, be called, and be named Fellows
. .
and shall be regis- of the Roval Society aforesaid, as long; as they shall live, unless it
n i 4.U * e ^ if j f 1-1
..< of the said wall happen that any one of them be amoved for any reasonable
, according to the Statutes of the Royal Society aforesaid, which
axe to be drawn up ; whom, the more eminently they are distinguished
tor the study of every kind of learning and good letters, the more
utly they desire to promote the honour, studies, and advantage of
this Society, the more they are noted for integrity of life, uprightness
of character, and piety, and excel in fidelity and affection of mind to-
dfl us, our Crown, and dignity, the more we wish them to be
iidlv deemed fitting and worthy of being admitted into the
number of the Fellows of the same Society.
And for the better execution of our will and grant in this behalf,
uiied, nominated, constituted, and made, and by these
for us, our heirs, and successors do assign, nominate,
•id make, our very well-beloved and trusty William,
m viscount "'"t Brouncker, Chancellor of our very dear consort Queen
Catharine, to be the first and present President of the Royal Society
siid; willing that the aforesaid William, Viscount Brouncker,
Day, and till anoti,. , shall continue in the office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid
TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 85
from the date of these presents until the feast of St. Andrew next (oat of the Coon
following after the date of these presents, and until one other of the sworn.
Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being shall ha\<
been elected, appointed, and sworn to that office in due manner,
according to the ordinance and provision below in thoc piwrnt-
expressed and declared (if the aforesaid William, Viscount Brouncker,
shall live so long); having first taken a corporal oath well and He himself to be first
faithfully to execute [his office] in and by all things touching that i^rdCT^eu"^6
office, according to the true intention of these presents, before our very
well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl of
Clarendon, our Chancellor of England : to which same Edward, Earl
of Clarendon, our Chancellor aforesaid, we give and grant full power
and authority to administer the oath aforesaid in these words following,
that is to say :
I, William, Viscount Brouncker, do promise to deal faithfully and The President's Oath. honestly in all things belonging to the trust committed to me, as President of the Royal Society of London for improving Natural Know- ledge, during my employment in that capacity. So help me God !
We have also assigned, constituted, and made, and by these presents The first Council tor us, our heirs, and successors do make, our beloved and trusty Robert Moray, Knight, one of our Privy Council in our Realm of Scotland ; Robert Boyle, Esquire ; William Brereton, Esquire, eldest son of the Baron de Brereton ; Kenelm Digby, Knight, Chancellor to our very dear mother, Queen Maria ; Gilbert Talbot, Knight, Treasurer of our Jewels ; Paul Neile, Knight, one of the Ushers of our Privy Chamber ; Henry Slingesby, Esquire, one of the Gentlemen of our aforesaid Privy Chamber ; William Petty, Knight ; Timothy Clarke, Doctor in Medicine and one of our Physicians ; John Wilkins, Doctor in Divinity ; George Ent, Doctor in Medicine ; William Aerskine, orfe of our Cup-bearers ; Jonathan Goddard, Doctor in Medicine and Professor of Gresham College ; William Balle, Esquire ; Matthew Wren, Esquire ; John Evelyn, Esquire ; Thomas Henshaw, Esquire ; Dudley Palmer, of Grey's Inn, in our County of Middlesex, Esquire ; Abraham Hill, of London, Esquire ; and Henry Oldenburg, Esquire, together with the President aforesaid, to be and become the first and present twenty-one of the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid ; to be continued in their offices of the Council To continue till next aforesaid from the date of these presents until the aforesaid feast of tui othera shall be St. Andrew the Apostle next following, and thenceforth until other fit- ting and able and sufficient persons shall have been elected, appointed,
and sworn into the offices aforesaid (if they shall live so long, or President, the like
u n i • i i_i \ ii Oath as he took, TOU-
shall not have been amoved for any just and reasonable cause) ; nrst
taking corporal oaths before the President for the time being of flu-
KEC'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
siid Royal Society, well and faithfully to execute their offices in and by all things touching those offices, according to the form and of tlu- aforesaid oath, mutatis mutandis, to be administered to the President of the Royal Society aforesaid by our Chancellor of Kngland ; (to which same President for the time being, for us, our i, and successors, we give and grant by these presents full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid to the aforesaid persons, and to any others whomsoever hereafter from time to time to he elected into the Council aforesaid); And that the same persons, so as it is aforesaid elected, appointed, and sworn, and hereafter to be elected, appointed, and sworn from time to time, to the Council of tin aforesaid Royal Society, shall be and become aiding, counselling, and assistant in all matters, business, and affairs touching or concern- ing the better regulation, government, and direction of the aforesaid Roval Society, and of every Member of the same.
\\V also grant to the President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid
^ociety, and to their successors for ever, that they and their successors,
>m»*?0, or anv nine or more of them (of whom we will the President for the
m Ay bold assemLl:
Rt any time or place in time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), may be able lawfully to
. 11 1J UV I' ff A, 1 f 4-U •
miles' make and hold assemblies or meetings ot themselves tor the exami-
nation and investigation of experiments and of natural things, and for other affairs belonging to the Society aforesaid, as often as and whenever it shall be needful, in a College or Hall or other convenient place within our City of London, or in any other convenient place within ten miles of our same City.
And furl her we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
sors. do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows
of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that the
lent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid for the
me being, or any thirty-one or more of them (of whom we will
••i. thin.*- I he President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the
major part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, may and shall have
••'•_ from time to time in all future times for ever power and authority to
ominate and elect, and that they may be able and have power to
ect and nominate, every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew,
one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being,
' who may and shall be President of the Royal Society aforesaid until
of St. Andrew the Apostle- thereafter next following (if he
-hall not be amoved meanwhile for any just and
'. and thenceforth until another shall have been
I 'pointed, and nominated to the office of President of the
I Society aforesaid ; and that he, after that he shall so have been
elected and nominated, as if is aforesaid, to the office of President of
TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 87
the Royal Society aforesaid, before he be admitted to that office, shall
take a corporal oath before the Council of the same Royal Society, or
any seven or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to execute
that office in all things touching that office, according to the form
and effect of the aforesaid oath, mutatis mutandis (to which same
Council, or to any seven or more of them, we give and grant by these
presents for us, our heirs, and successors full power and authority to
administer the oath aforesaid from time to time, as often as it shall be
needful to elect a President); and that after having so taken such
oath, as it is aforesaid, he may be able and have power to execute the
office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid until the feast of
St. Andrew the Apostle thereafter next following ; And if it shall
happen that the President of the Royal Society for the time being, at On the Death or Amo-
any time, so long as he shall be in the office of President of the same or°i *'
Royal Society, shall die, retire, or be amoved from his office, that
then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the Council ™eet. to choose a
J ° President out of the
of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for ever, or to Council : and the
any eleven or more of them, to assemble or meet for the election of fhem^or the'major one of the aforesaid number of the Council aforesaid as President of the
Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he who shall have been elected and
sworn by the Council aforesaid, or by the aforesaid eleven or more, or another shall be
., . „,, p . , , .. • /» .j elected and sworn.
by the major part of the aforesaid eleven or more, as it is aforesaid,
may have and exercise that office during the residue of the same year, and until another shall have been in due manner elected and sworn to that office, first taking a corporal oath in the form above specified ; and so as often as the case shall so happen.
And further we will, that whenever it shall happen that any one On the Death, Amo- or any of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time any of the Council, being shall die, or be amoved from that office, or retire (which same [members] of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, and every one of them, we will to be amovable for misbehaviour or any other tf»e President, Coun- reasonable cause, at the good pleasure of the President and of the any twenty-one or rest of the Council aforesaid, of whom we will the President for the whom? &c.VoVthe time being, or his Deputy, to be one, or of the major part of J^S^£w the same), that then and so often it may and shall be good and may supply the va-
cancy from amongst
lawful to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal the Fellows ; and the Society aforesaid, and to their successors for ever, or to any twenty-
one or more of the same (of whom we will the President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or to the major part of the aforesaid twenty-one or more, to elected nominate, elect, and appoint one other or several others of the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, in the place or places of him or them so dead, retired, or amoved, to fill up the aforesaid number
88 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
of twenty-one per-on-. of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid;
and that he or they so elected and appointed in that office may have
the xaine office until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle then next
following, and thenceforth until one other or several others shall
i elected, appointed, and nominated; first taking a corporal
ire the President and Council of the Royal Society aforesaid,
\ en or more of them (of whom we will the President for the
time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), well and faithfully to
ite that office in and by all things touching that office, according
to the true intention of these- presents.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
ssora do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows
• f the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors [for ever], that
hev and their successors, or any thirty-one or more of them (of
"l 1 • TX 1
whom we will the President tor the time being, or his Deputy, to be ! \\a\s one), or the major part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew the Apostle, may and shall have full power and authority to elect, nominate, appoint, and change ten of the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, to fill up the places and offices of ten of the aforesaid number of twenty-one of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; for we do declare it to be our royal pleasure, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and *Bon we do grant, that ten of the aforesaid Council, and no more, shall be annually changed and amoved by the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid.
We will also, and for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the
°
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal
Society, and to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that
Hie President, of the same Royal Society for the time being is
detained by sickness or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us,
our heirs, or lUCCetton, or is otherwise occupied, so that he shall not
be able to attend to the necessary affairs of the same Royal Society
touching the office of President, that then and so often it may and
shall l>e good and lawful to the same President so detained, employed
or occupied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the
Royal Society for the time being to be and become the
^ Deputy of the same President.; which same Deputy, so to be made
... and appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may
nd shall be the Deputy of the same President from time to tinx
be aforesaid President, shall happen to be so absent, during
Hie whole, time in which the aforesaid President shall continue in the
!<-nt ; unless in the meanwhile the aforesaid President of
tn'' ' aforesaid for the time being shall have made and
TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 89
appointed one other of the aforesaid Council his Deputy ; And that
every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to be made and
appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power to do and
execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to The Depnty m»y, in
the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are
limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid
President, by virtue of these our Letters Patent, from time to time, as
often as the aforesaid President shall happen to be so absent, during
such time as he shall continue the Deputy of the aforesaid President,
by force of these our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and
in as ample manner and form, as the aforesaid President, if he were
present, would be able and have power to do and execute those But he must a«t be
things ; a corporal oath first to be taken by such Deputy upon the couMi^oTIel'en or
holy Gospels of God, in the form and effect above specified, well and more of them.
faithfully to execute all and singular things which pertain to the
office of President, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal
Society, or any seven or more of them ; and so often as the case shall
so happen : to which same Council, or to any seven or more of them,
for the time being, we do give and grant by these presents, power
and authority to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case
shall so happen, without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission,
or further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, or successors.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and sue- The Society may have cessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the secretaries,'two or
Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that they and their v
successors henceforth for ever may and shall have one Treasurer, two Clei* °F m°4re' f»J
* . two Serjeants-at-Mace
Secretaries, two or more Curators of Experiments, one Clerk or more, to attend upon the and moreover two Serjeants-at-Mace, who may from time to time attend are to be chosen and upon the President ; and that the aforesaid Treasurer, Secretaries, SSJcS^S?" Curators, Clerk or Clerks, and Sergeant s-at- Mace, to be elected and Fellows, or any thirty
• o » ^ one or more of them,
nominated by the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Societv (of whom the Presi-
P ., .1 • , f ,1 / /• i MI ii" dent or his Deputy to
aforesaid, or by any thirty-one or more ot them (ot whom we will the be one,) or by the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major Sirty^of moCre : part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, before they be admitted to and they must be
* * sworu betore the
execute their special 1 and respective offices, shall take their corporal President or his De- oaths in the form and effect above specified, before the President, or cii, or any seven or his Deputy, and the Council of the same Royal Society, or any seven more of them- or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to execute their several and respective offices in all things touching the same ; and that after having so taken such oaths, as it is aforesaid, they may exercise and use their respective offices ; to which same President and Council, or to any seven or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents 1 So in the original ; qu. several.
UKCOKD OK THK KOYAL SOCIETY
hill power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid from time
to time to the :.: -al and respective officers and their
TTn ftrrt TIMMHI successors : And we liave I, nominated, chosen, ereated.
,^J|^6 appointed, and maile. and by the*e presents tor us, our heirs, and
,n. nominate, choose, create, appoint, and make, our
beloved subjects the aforesaid William Halle. Esquire, to be and
:ne the th>t anil present Treasurer, and the aforesaid John
Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg to he and become the first and p-
d Hoval nitimied in the
x until tl id feast of St. Andrew the Apostle next
(N' ." : follow ing alter the date of these proents : And that from time to time and at all times on t : St. Andrew the Apostle (unless
11 Iv Sunday, and if it be Sunday, then on the day next following), - -. . u A the President. Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society for the time K'ing, or any thirty-one or more of them (of whom we "ill the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be or. the • . t of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, may be able and
power to elect, nominate, and appoint upright and discreet men.
ire and shall be of the number of the Council of the 1>
' :"" v ' A~ Society afori<aid. as Tiva^urer and Secretaries, from time to time; and that those who shall so have been elected, appointed, and <\\orn to tl ; and re- s \said. may
aid enjoy thr tive offices
until the f St. Andixnv then next following, their
afon - it i^ afoivs^iid. first to Iv taken; ar ten as
'- •• -.-.s tlu case shall so h.appen. And if it shall happen that the aforesaid
:it. Council, Treasurer, [and] Secret a f any
JJJiJJ^^J^j^SSr1* ° ot them, cannot conveniently be made or finished on the
' _ . ; . aforesaid fea>t of St. Andrew, \\egive and grant to the aforesaid ient,CoancU,' President, Council, and . and to their - . that
thi \ or :iny|thirty-one or more of them (of whom we will the President ^or tne tmie ^'ing, i>r his Deputy, to be one), or the major part of the
v lawfully name and assign one other day.
- M< II bo *!u feast of St. Ar.divw aforesaid as can conveniently be •d. • . or finishing * fans; and SO
LV, until the aforesaid elections be finished: And if H UM Pwri- happen that ,ny of the aforesaid officers of tin
tire, or Iv amoved from their
offices, that th< > often it may and shall be uood and lawful to
Roval S,
IVr-.-.tv to I* one or
tiMouuorimrtofnich an" * e or more of them
(of ^ sent for the time } his Deputy, to
be or
TRANSLATION OK SK(OM) ( HAini -;i<
<]<d and appoint another or others to the office or offices of those jwr, aad tin MW persons so deceased, retired, or amoved ; and that he or they so elected 2?*1 and appointed may have and exercise the respective offices aforesaid during the residue of the same year, and until another or others shall ha\f been in due manner elected and sworn to those respective offices;
-o as often as the case shall so happen.
And moreover we will, and of our special grace and of oar certain
knowledge and mere motion do grant to the aforesaid President,
' il, arid Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their
successors for ever, that the President and Council of the aforesaid ?gjjfffy£Ly Royal Society for the time being (due or lawful summons or citation ff>t whom tb« p«*i- being always first made of all the Members of the Council aforesaid t» <m*\ m*ym~t fa* to extraordinary meetings), or any nine or more of them (of whom we ^n^fZmllm^ taH will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), may tbfF'JJ^IJjf?£j be able and have power both to meet together and assemble in a make L«w«, autoi College or Hall or other convenient place within our City of London, or in any other convenient place within ten miles of our same City ; and that they so met together and assembled, or the major part of them, shall and may have full authority, power, and faculty from be time to time to draw up, constitute, ordain, make, and establish such laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions as shall seem to ** them, or to the major part of them, to be good, wholesome, useful, honourable, and necessary, according to their sound discretions, for the better government, regulation, and direction of the Royal Society ud, and of every Member of the same, and to do and perform all things belonging to the government, matters, goods, faculties, rents, land-, tenements, hereditaments, and affairs of the Royal Society aforesaid ; all and singular which laws, statutes, acts ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as it is aforesaid, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, firmly enjoining, do order and command, that they shall be inviolably observed from time to time, according to the tenor and effect of the same: so nevertheless, that the aforesaid laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as it is aforesaid, and every one of them, be reasonable, and not repugnant or contrary to the laws, customs, acts, or statutes of this our Realm of England.
And further, of our more ample special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, or to any twenty-one or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or K-puty, to be always one), or to the major part of the aforesaid
92 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
and authorize them, twenty-one or more. lull power and authority from time to time to
I;);*;;.' lect, nominate, and appoint one or more Typographers or Printers,
and Chalcographers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them, by a
things (touching or writing sealed with the Common Seal of the aforesaid Royal Society,
,,«! signed by the- hand of the President for the time being, faculty
-; to print such tilings, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the
itoresaid Koval Society, as shall have been committed to the aforesaid
ormor- • , , , m i
Typographer or Printer, Chalcographer or Engraver, or lypograpners
>r Printers, Chaleographers or Engravers, from time to time, by the
President and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven
or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being,
in- v - .
• or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major part of the aforesaid seven
or more ; their corporal oaths first to be taken, before they be
admitted to exercise their offices, before the President and Council
for the time being, or any seven or more of them, in the form and
(fleet last specified ; to which same President and Council, or to any
seven or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents full
power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.
n- And further, in order that the aforesaid President, Council, and
M't'h'm" Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society may obtain the better success
>f whom, &cO. oM in- m tiu.jr philosophical studies, of our more ample special grace and of
nine*.; i our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted,
have the same right i i . i f i • i i •
t,> dem ive and by these presents torus, our heirs, and successors do give ana
4 rant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the afore-
iid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that they and
their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will the
of Physicians and the ,,.,.,. .,..,. , . ^ , , .,
IDM I resident tor the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the major part of the aforesaid nine or more, may and shall have from time to time full power and authority to require, take, and receive from time to time, and at such seasonable times, according to their discretion, by their assign or assigns the bodies of such persons as have suffered death by the hand of the executioner, and to anatomize them, in as ample manner and form, and to all intents and purposes, as the President of the College of Physicians and the Company of Surgeons of our City of London (by whatsoever names the two aforesaid eorporations shall have been distinguished) have used or enjoyed, or may he able and have power to use and enjoy, the same bodies.
And further, for the improvement of the experiments, arts, and
y nino Cr»s L
Uatai. m the aforesaid Royal Society, of our more abundant special
maj' i i- i • i " i i i
and ol our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given
md -ranted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do
give and -rant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of
aid Royal Society, and to their successors forever, that they
TRANSLATION OF SECOND ( IIAKTKK '.»:*
and their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will signed by the Preci-
the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the
major part of the aforesaid nine or more, may and shall have from
time to time full power and authority, by letters or (pUtlcs under in the name of the
the hand of the aforesaid President or his Deputy, in the presence of the Council, or of any seven or more of them, and in the name of the Royal Society, to enjoy mutual intelligence and affairs with all and all manner of strangers and foreigners, whether private or collegiate, corporate or politic, without any molestation, interruption, or dis- turbance whatsoever : Provided nevertheless, that this our indulgence, so granted as it is aforesaid, be not extended to further use than the particular benefit and interest of the aforesaid Royal Society in matters or things philosophical, mathematical, or mechanical. And further we have given and granted, and by these presents for Licence given to the
,. , , . , ji /• 'j -n • President, Council,
us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid Presi- and Fellows, or to the dent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to S^the^jo0^ their successors for ever, or to the President and Council of the Royal ^f *hem» t<Lb^ld a .
College or Colleges in
Society aforesaid, or the major part of them, full power and authority London, or within ten
to erect, build, and construct, or to make or cause to be erected,
built, or constructed, within our City of London, or ten miles of
the same, one or more College or Colleges, of whatsoever kind or
quality, for the habitation, assembly, and meeting of the aforesaid
President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and of
their successors, for the ordering and arranging of their affairs and
other matters concerning the same Royal Society.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and if any abuses shall
, , . ... , ..i . ,. happen, or differences
successors do ordain, constitute, and appoint, that if any abuses or arise, they shall be re-
differences hereafter shall arise and happen concerning the govern-
ment or other matters or affairs of the aforesaid Royal Society, V0** chancellor)
J J ' alone, while living ;
whereby any injury or hindrance may be done to the constitution, and after his death
L U1M. J <?4.u J« 4.1, JO" 'by the Archbishop of
stability, and progress or the studies, or to the matters and affairs, of Canterbury, the Chan- the same ; that then and so often, by these presents, for us, our heirs, Gr^t^^r^T^* and successors, we do authorize, nominate, assign, and appoint our JJJJJJ ^/London aforesaid very well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor and two Principal Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our Chancellor of our Realm of England, time being,' or any by himself during his life, and, after his death, then the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal of England, the Treasurer of England, the Keeper of the Privy Seal, the Bishop of London, and the two Principal Secretaries for the time being, or any four or more of them, to reconcile, compose, and adjust the same differences and abuses.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and General Clauses. successors, firmly enjoining, do order and command all and singular
iU HKCOU1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
tlu- .Iiistiees. Mayors, Aldermen, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Constables, and other officers, ministers, and subjects whomsoever of us, our heirs, and . that they be from time to time aiding and assistant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore- said, and to their successors for ever, in and by all things, according to the true intention of these our Letters Patent.
Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the certainty of the premises, or of any of them, or of other gifts or grants before these times made by us or by any of our progenitors or predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, is not made in these presents ; or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restriction to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.
In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of our reign.
By writ of Privy Seal.
HOWARD.
CHARTA TERTIA,1
lisdem ab eodem concessa, A.D. MDCLXIX.
CABOLUS SK t NDIS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber- niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus ad quos hae Literae nostrae Patent es pervencrint, salntem.
Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et inero niotu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis lieredibus et successoribus nostris damns et concedimus, diledis et h'delibus nostris Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societal N Londini pro Scientia naturali promovenda, et succes- soribus suis in perpetuum, Totam illam peciam terrae arabilis • <is in vocataiii Tenmshot t , contineiitem per aestimationem viginti acras, jacenteni inter viani nostram ducentem a Westmonasterio versus Clulscy <\ partr boreali et occidentali, et peciam prati contineiitem i« •slimationem (juatuor acras, parcellam octodecim acrarum prati nupcr in tenura Comitis Nottinghamiae vel assignatortnn suoruni, ex partc aiistrali, ae clatisum prati vocatum Stony Bridge Close ex parte
' Tin- warrant for this Charter is preserved among the State Papers. It is 1607.
CHART A TERTIA 95
oriental!, et peciam terrae arabilis nuper in occupation!- Tliomae Evans vel assignatorum suorum ex parte occidentali, per particulare inde mentionatam esse annualis redditus sive valoris vi^inti trium solidorum et quatuor denariorum ; Necnon totum illud praedictuin clausum prati vocatum Stony Bridge Close, continent per aestima- tionem quatuor acras, nuper in occupatione Johannis Deakes vel assignatorum suorum, jacens inter rivum vocatum le Common :- ex parte orientali, et praedictam peciam terrae vocatam Teamshott ex parte occidentali, et pontem vocatum Stony Bridge ex parte boreali, per particulare inde mentionatum esse annualis redditus sive valoris viginti solidorum ; Necnon totam illam unam peciam terrae arabilis in communi campo vocato East Field, continentem per aestimationem tres acras, nuper in occupatione Thomae Frances vel assignatorum suorum, jacentem inter praedictam peciam terrae vocatam Teamshott ex parte orientali, peciam terrae arabilis nuper in tenura Comitis Lincolniae vel assignatorum suorum ex parte occidentali, parcellam prati de Earles Court land ex parte australi, et viam nostram ducentem a Westmonasterio versus Chelsey prae- dictam ex parte boreali et occidentali, per particulare inde men- tionatam esse annualis redditus sive valoris quatuor solidorum ; (quae quidem praemissa sunt aut olim fuerunt parcella terrae nostrae in Chelsey, existentis parcellae terrae Dominicalis Manerii de Chelsey praedicta, ac nuper fuerunt parcella possessionum Johannis, nuper Ducis Northumbriae, et quae nuper per prae- charissimum avum nostrum beatae memoriae Jacobum Regem per Literas suas Patentes, gerentes datum apud Westmonasterium, octavo die Maii, anno regni sui Angliae octavo et Scotiae quadra- gesimo tertio, concessa fuerunt aut mentionata esse concessa Prae- posito et Sociis Collegii Regis Jacobi in Chelsey prope London, ex fundatione ejusdem Jacobi, Regis Angliae, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, tenenda de praefato Jacobo Rege, ut de Manerio suo de East Greenwich, in comitatu Cantiae, per fidelitatem tantum, in libero et communi soccagio, et non in capite, nee per servitium militare ;) Ac etiam omnia et singula domus aedificia structures boscos subboscos arbores, ac totam terram fundum et solum eorundem boscorum subboscorum et arborum, ac omnia alia jura jurisdictiones franchesias privilegia libertates proficua commoditates advantagia emolumenta et hereditamenta nostra quaecunque, cum eorum perti- nentiis universis, cujuscunque sint generis naturae seu speciei, seu quibuscunque nominibus sciantur censeantur nuncupentur seu cognoscantur, situata jacentia et existentia, provenientia crescentia renovantia sive emergentia, infra comitatum villas campos loca sive hameletta praedicta, vel alibi ubicunque, praedictis terris et caeteris
<N> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
praemissis vel alicui inde parcellae quoquo modo spectantia; Necnon vMonem ft rcversiones omnium et Eongulorum praemissorum -iiperius per presentes praeconcessoruin, et cujuslibet inde parcellae, depcndentes vel expectantcs de in vel super aliquam dimissionem vel comvssionem pro termino vel terminis vitae vel vitarum vel annorum, aut aliter, de praemissis superius per presentes prae- roncessis sou de aliqua inde parcella qiioquo modo factam, existentem de reeordo vel non de reeordo; Necnon oinnia et singula redditus .nmiialia proficua quaccunqiie ivservata super quibuscunque diniissionil)us vel concessionibus de et super praemissis per pre- M-ntes praeconccssis, vel de et super aliqua inde parcella.
Dedimus etiam et eoneessinius, ac per presentes pro nobis heredi- bus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia natu- rali promovenda, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod ipsi et ( on nn successores de caetero in perpetuum habeant teneant et gau- deant, ac habere tenere et gaudere valeant et possint, infra prae- missa superius per presentes praeconcessa, ac infra quamlibet inde parcellam, tot tanta talia eadem hujusmodi et consimilia jura juris- dictiones libertates franchesias consuetudines privilegia proficua c-ommoditates advantagia emolumenta et hereditamenta quaecun- que, quot quanta qualia et quae, ac adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tain aniplis modo et forma, prout praedictus Johannes, nuper Dux Northumbriae, aut praedictus Praepositus et Socii Collegii Hegis Jacobi in Chelsey prope London, ex fundatione ejusdem Jut-obi, Regis Angliae, aut aliquis alius sive aliqui alii, praedicta terras tenementa et caetera praemissa cum suis pertinentiis, aut aliquam inde parcellam, unquam antehac habentes possidentes aut -< i^ti inde existentes, habens possidens aut seisitus inde existens, unquam habuerunt tenuerunt usi vel gavisi fuerunt, habuit tenuit usus vel gavisus fuit, seu habere tenere uti vel gaudere debuerunt aut debuit, in praemissis superius per presentes praeconcessis, aut aliqua inde parcella, ratione vel praetextu alicujus chartae doni < oneessionis vel confirmation is per nos seu aliquem progenitorum \« 1 antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum vel Reginarum Angliae, hac habitae factae vel concessae seu confirmatae, aut ratione vel praetextu alicujus Actus Parliamenti vel aliquorum Actuum Parlianienioruni, aut ratione vel praetextu alicujus legitimae prae- >< -riptionis UMI^ M-U eonsuetudinis antehac habitae seu usitatae, aut aliter, quorunque U-gali modo jure seu titulo ; ac adeo plene libere et int.e^iv, a< in Lam aniplis modo et forma, prout nos aut aliquis progenitorum vel antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum vel Regi- nanini AiigHae, praedicta terras tenementa et caetera praemissa.
--*a^/<-S/y/£rJ^^
' s s 7
Curi(»>iti.
KTY
•
'
'uum, quod ],
: gaii- prac-
if'ra quamlibe' ilia jura
•
, habuit . alien jus chartu--
'.'•ccHsae
I'l.XM l\
From an engraving in Smith's ' Historical and Liter;, i-y Curiosities'. London, 1845
CHARTA TERTIA 97
aut aliquam inde parcellam, habuimus et gavisi fuimus aut habuerunt et gavisi fuerunt, sen habere et gaudere debuimus aut habere et gaudere debuerunt aut debuit.
Damus ulterius, ac per presentes pro nobis heri-dibus et successor! - bus nostris concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia naturali promovenda, et eorum successoribus, omnia et singula praemissa superius per presentes praeconcessa, cum eorum pertinentiis universis, adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tarn amplis modo et forma, prout ea omnia et singula praemissa, aut aliqua inde parcella, ad manus nostras, sen ad manus aliquorum progenitorum vel antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum vel Reginarum Angliae, ratione vel praetextu dissolutions vel sursum redditionis alicujus nuper monasterii prioratus sive hospitalis, aut ratione vel praetextu alicujus Actus Parliament! vel aliquorum Actuum Parliamentorum, aut ratione alicujus attincturae sive forisfacturae, aut ratione alicujus excambii vel perquisiti, aut alicujus doni vel con- cessionis, aut ratione eschaetae, aut quocunque alio legali modo jure seu titulo, devenerunt seu devenire debuerunt, ac in manibus nostris jam existunt seu existere debent vel debuerunt.
HABEXDUM tenendum et gaudendum praedicta terras tenementa et Tenure, hereditamenta, ac caetera omnia et singula praemissa superius per presentes praeconcessa, cum eorum pertinentiis universis, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia naturali promovenda, et successoribus suis in perpetuum ; Tenendum de nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, ut de Manerio nostro de East Greenwich, in comitatu nostro Cantiae, per fidelitatem tantum, in libero et communi soccagio, et non in capite, nee per servitium militare ; Ac reddendo annuatim nobis heredibus et successoribus Kent, nostris de et pro praedicta terra arabili vocata Teamshott viginti tres solidos et quatuor denarios, ac de et pro praedicto clause prati vocato Stony Bridge Close viginti solidos, ac de et pro praedicta pecia terrae arabilis in communi campo vocato East Field quatuor solidos, legalis monetae Angliae, ad festa Sancti Michaelis Archangeli et Annuncia- tionis beatae Mariae Virginis, ad Receptam Scaccarii nostri West- monasterii heredum et successorum nostrorum, seu ad manus Balli- vorum seu Receptorum praemissorum pro tempore existentium, per aequales portiones annuatim solvendos in perpetuum.
Et ulterius de uberiori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et Exonerations, acquit- mero motu nostris volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Presidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod nos heredes et successores nostri de caetero in perpetuum annuatim, et de tempore ' impus, exonerabimus acquietabimus et indempnes conservabiinus
98 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
tain praetatos IVaesidem Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae. i-t sin. Mios, quam praedicta terras tenementa et
ra oini n'a et singula praenrissa superius expressa et specificata ac per pn -M 'iites praeconcessa, et {juanilibet inde parcellam, cum eorum pertinentiis universis, deet ab omnibus et omnimodis corrodiis redditi- bus f'eodis servitiis annuitatibuspensionibus portionibus ac denariorum siiniinis ac- oneribus quibuscuDque de praemissis seu aliqua inde parcella nobis heredilms vel successpribus nostris exeuntibus vel solvendis, vel Miperinde versus nos hcredes vel successores nostros oneratis vel one- randis ; praeterquam de redditibus servitiis et tenuris superius in his prcsentibiis nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris reservatis, ac praetenjiiain de dimissionibus et concessionibus de praemissis seu de aliqua inde parcella antehac factis, ac conventionibus et conditioni- bus in eisdein existentibus, ac conventionibus etoneribus, quaealiquis lirinarius seu aliqui iirmarii praemissorum ratione indenturarum et dimissionum suarum facere et exonerare tenetur seu tenentur.
Volumus etiam, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successori- bus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus tarn Commissionariis pro Thesauro nostro, Thesaurario, Camerario, Subthesaurario, et Baroni- bus Scaccarii nostri heredum et successorum nostrorum pro tempore existentibus, quam omnibus et singulis Auditoribus et aliis officiariis et ministris nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque pro t ei n pore existentibus, quod ipsi et eorum quilibet, super solam deinon- strationem harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, vel Irrotulamenti eanmdeni, abscjue alicjtio alio brevi seu warranto a nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris quoquo modo impetrando seu prosequendo, plenam integram debitamque allocationem et exonerationem mani- ii de et ab omnibus et omnimodis hujusmodi corrodiis redditibus feodis pensionibus portionibus et denariorum sumniis ac oneribus (jiiibusc-uiKjue (praeterquam de servitiis redditibus tenuris ac arreragiis i-edditus ac caeteris praemissis in his praesentibus, ut praefertur, r.MTvatis. et per praefatos Praesidem Concilium et Sodales Kegalis Soeietatis j>raedictae et successores suos solubilibus fiendis1 seu per- f'oniiandisjdi- praemissis per presentes praeconcessis, seu de aliqua inde \el parcella, nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris exeuntibus • Ivendis, vel sujK-rinde versus nos heredes vel successores nostros oneratis sen onerandis, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Soeietati> praedietae et Miceessorilms suis facient, et de tempore in teni- ]>us fieri caiisabunt; Et hae Literae nostrae Patentes, vel Irrotulamen- tuni earnndeiu, eriint de tempore in tern pus tarn dictis Commissionariis pioTlK-auro nosti-o, Thesaurario, Cancellario,2 et Baronibus Scaccarii i lieredinn et succesMinim nostrorum pro tempore existentibus,
" ; sec above.
CHARTA TERTIA 99
qunm omnibus ct singulis Auditoribus, et aliis officiariis et mini nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque pro tempore exist 1'iitibus, suffieiens warrantum et exoncraHo in liac parte.
Et cum nos per Literals nostras Patentes, gercntes datum apud West- Recital of some part*
IT •!• • • i • of the Second Charter
monastenum, vicesimo secimdo die Apnlis, anno regm nostn decnno quinto, Praesidi Concilioet Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae f». inter alia concessimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod si contigerit Pracsidem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritu- dine vel infirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successo- rum nostrorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis negotiis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus attendere non poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidem Praesidi sic detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus, sit et esset Deputatus ejusdem Praesidis de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore, quo prae- dictus Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, nisi interim praedictus Praeses Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens unum alium de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et constituerit ; Et quod quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praefertur faciendus et constituendus, omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis praedictae Regalis Societatis pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per praedictum Praesidem virtute istarum Literarum nostrarum Patentium Hmitata et appunctuata fore l facienda et exequenda, de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante tali tempore, quo Deputatus praedicti Praesidis continuaverit, facere et exequi valeat et possit, vigore istarum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tarn amplis modo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si praesens esset, ilia facere et exequi valeat et possit ; sacramento corporali super sancta Dei Evangelia, in forma et eflfectu in eisdem Literis nostris Patentibus specificatis, per hujusmodi Deputatum, ad omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis pertinent bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato Concilio prae- dictae Regalis Societatis vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident ; cui quidem Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro tempore existen- tibus, sacramentum praedictum administrare potestatem et authori- tatem, quoties casus sic accident, dedimus et concessimus per easdem Literas nostras Patentes, absque brevi commissione sive ulteriori
1 Sic. H2
100 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
\vurranto in ea parte ;i nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris procu- rando sen obtinendo ; Ac quod ipsi et successores eorum, sen aliqui novem vel pin res eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), conventus seu con- iliones de seipsis pro experimentorum et rerum naturalium cogni- tione et indagine, aliisque negotiis ad Societatem praedictam spectan- tibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere et habere possint in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra Civitatem nostram London, vel in aliquo alio loco commodo intra decem milliaria ab eadem Civitate nostra.
it takes notice that Et cum di versa et varia res potestates libertates et privilegia in ir_ eisdem Literis nostris Patentibus praefatis Praesidi Concilio Sodalibus
i.oexe- He<>-alis Societatis praedictae concessa, virtute istarum Literarum
j f • i f "i- nostram in Paten tium, non sunt exercenda iacienda periormanda seu
rtvuonHat * n> exequenda, nisi per praedictos Praesidem et Concilium aut aliquos septem vel plures eorum ; Et cum ulterius per praedictas Literas nostras Paten tes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris dedimus et concessimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, sive aliquibus viginti et uni vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), seu majori parti praedictorum viginti et unius vel plurium, plenam potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus eligendi nominandi et constituendi unum vel plures Typographos sive Impressores, et Chalcographos seu Sculptores, et ipsi vel ipsis, per scriptum Communi Sigillo praedictae Regalis Societatis sigillatum, et manu Praesidis pro tempore existentis signatum, facultatem concedendi, ut imprimant tales res materias et negotia praedictam Regalem Societatem tangentes vel concernentes, quales praedictis Typographo vel Impressori, Chalco- grapho vel Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Impressoribus, Chalcogra[)his vel Sculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per Praesidem et Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquos septem vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum septem vel plurium commissae fnerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, antequam ad oflicia sna exercenda adrnittantur, coram Praeside et Concilio pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, priiis praestandit; eui quidcm Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus M'j)tein vel j)luribus eorum pro tempore existentibus, sacramenta prae- dieta adininistrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem dedimus et rom-es-simus per praedictas Literas nostras Patentes ; prout in eisdem I.iteris nostris I'atentibus, relatione inde habita, plenius liquet et vret:
CHARTA TERTIA 101
Nos,de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mero Thi« Charter direct* in otu nostris, dedimus et comv*simus,ac per presentes pro nobisheredi- bus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, ft laooeHOribm suis one or more <*!»«*« in perpetuum, quod de caetero in perpetuum, si contigerit Praesidem ejusdcm Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritudine vel in- firmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successorum no- strorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis negotiis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus attendere non poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidam Praesidi sic detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae Regalis Socie- tatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus, sit et erit Deputatus ejusdem Praesidis de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore, quo praedictus Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, etiamsi interim Praeses Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens unum alium vel plures alios de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum et Deputatos fecerit et constituerit ; cui quidem Praesidi pro tempore existenti duos And it gives him ex- vel plures de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatos ipso et eodem tempore £TJ/SJr« Deputies! facere et constituere potestatem et authoritatem, quoties ei placuerit, oSe andhthe°8a^ at damus et concedimus per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successo- time ; who mfty. each
. . . .of them, do the same
ribus nostris; Et quod quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus et Deputati Acts in his absence, as
-,. ,. „ . -,. f , £ . j. ... ,. . he himself could do if
praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praeiertur laciendi et constituendi, omnia present.
et singula quae ad officium Praesidis praedictae Regalis Societatis
pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per praedictum Praesidem virtute
praedictarum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, vel presentium, limitata
et appunctuata fore l facienda et exequenda, de tempore in tempus,
toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante tali
tempore, quo Deputatus et Deputati praedicti Praesidis continuaverit et
continuaverint, facere et exequi valeat et possint, valeant et possint,
vigore harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, adeo plene libere et in-
tegre, ac in tarn amplis modo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si prae-
sens esset, ilia facere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento corporal! But they must first be
super sancta Dei Evangelia, in forma et effectu in eisdem Literis nostris council, or five or
Patentibus specificatis, per hujusmodi Deputatum et Deputatos, ad "»<>«» of them.
omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis pertinent bene et fideliter
exequenda, coram praefato Concilio praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel
aliquibus quinque 2 vel pluribus eorum, prius praestando ; et sic toties
quoties casus sic acciderit : cui quidem Concilio, vel aliquibus quinque
1 >Vr.
2 N.B.— The Oaths of Obedience and Supremacy require seven ; see further on.
IOL> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
vel plurihus eormn pro tempore existentibus, sacramentum praedictum administrare potestatem et authoritatem, quoties casus sic accident, damns t-t eoncedhmis per presentes, absque brevi commissione sive ulterior! warranto in ea parte a nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris procurando sen obtinendo;
Ac ultcrius, quod de caetero in perpetuum ipsi et successores
eorum, seu aliqui novem vcl plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro
r^0^1^"1 tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus),
onventus sen eongregationes de seipsis pro experimentorum et reruin
l •? i. • J • V- i" J O • J.
re naturalium cognitione et indagme, aliisque negotns ad bocietatem j)raedietam spectantibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere et hahere possint in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra llcgnuin nostrum Angliae ;
AH iv.. ii Ac ulterius, quod omnia et singula res potestates libertates et
:;;;1 pnvilegia in praedictis Literis nostris Patentibus praefatis Praesidi
i Conn- Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae concessa, virtute
ieven or more of
•rthe istarum Literarum nostrarum Patentmm, quae non sunt exercenda
^and y facicnda performanda seu exequenda, nisi per praedictum Praesidem
;.r;my-/"*or et Concilium, aut aliquos septem vel plures eorum, de caetero in per-
petimm exerceri fieri performari seu exequi possint et valeant per
praedictos Praesidem et Concilium, aut aliquos quinque vel plures
eorum.
luturc, the Ac ulterius de uberiori gratia nostra dedimus et concessimus, ac
per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et
onredimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae
Mt Uciralis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod de caetero "uHit! ing. r r « v a • , 4.-
in perpetuum bene liceat et licebit Praesidi Regalis Societatis
j)rac-dietae pro tempore existenti, de tempore in tempus, eligere inminare et constituere aliquem vel aliquos Typographum sive
irft Inij)ressorem, Tvpoifraphos sive Impressores. et Chalcoffraphum
V? i ^•u Sculptorem, Chalcographos seu Sculptores, et ipsi vel ipsis
; icultatc in eoneedere, ut imprimant tales res materias et negotia pracdictam Ucgalcm Societatem tangentes vel concernentes, quales prai'dirlis Tyj)ographo vel Impressori, Chalcographo seu Sculptori, vd Typo^-rapliis vel Inipressoribus, Chalcographis vel Sculptoribus, dc tcmpore in temjms per Praesidem et Concilium praedictae Regalis
t.iti-, vcl aliquos (juiiHjiie vel plures eorum ((luorum Praesidem pro tcnipoi-c cxistciitcin, vcl ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel
majorem ))ar»cm pracdietorum quinque vel plurium, commissae
t'uerint ; sacranicntis suis corporalibus, antequam ad officia sua
i i •, . enda admittantur, c-oram Praeside et Concilio pro tempore
• ntc. vcl aliquibus (jiiiiujue vel plurilnis eorum, prius prae- dil ; c» -ic totics (jiioties casus sic accident: cui quidem Praesidi
CHARTA TERTIA 103
et Concilio pro tempore existcntibus, vcl aliqiribus quinqiio vcl pluri- bus eorum, sacramenta praedicta adininistrare plenain potestatem et authoritatem damns et concedimus per presentes.
Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et General confirmatory siurrssoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod hae Literae nostrae Patentes, vel Irrotulamentum earundem, stabunt et erunt in omnibus et per omnia bonae firmae validae sufficientes et effectuales in lege ad omnes respectus proposita construction e> < t intentiones erga et contra nos heredes et successores nostros, tarn in omnibus Curiis nostris, quam alibi intra Regnurn nostrum Angliae, absque aliquibus confirmationibus licentiis vel tolerationibus de nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris quoquo modo in posterum pro- curandis aut obtinendis :
Non obstante male nominando vel male recitando aut non recitando praedicta terras tenementa et caetera praemissa, vel aliquam inde parcellam ; Et non obstante non inveniendo officium aut inquisitionem praemissorum, aut alicujus inde parcellae, per quae titulus noster inveniri debuit, ante confectionem harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium ; Et non obstante male recitando vel non recitando aliquam dimissionem vel concessionem de praemissis vel de aliqua inde parcella factam, existentem de recordo vel non de recordo ; Et non obstante male nominando vel non nominando aliquam villam hamelettum parochiam locum vel comitatum, in quibus praemissa vel aliqua inde parcella existunt vel existit ; Et non obstante, quod de nobis1 tenentium firmariorum sive occupatorum praemissorum, vel alicujus inde parcellae, plena vera et certa non fit mentio ; Et non obstantibus aliquibus defectibus de certitudine vel computatione aut declaratione veri annui valoris praemissorum, aut alicujus inde parcellae, aut annualis redditus reservati de et super praemissis, vel de et super aliqua inde parcella, in his Literis nostris Patentibus expressis et contentis; Et non obstante Statute in Parliamento Domini Henrici, nuper Regis Angliae Sexti, progenitoris nostri, anno regni sui decimo octavo, facto et edito ; Et non obstante 2 aliquibus aliis defectibus, in non certe nominando naturam genus speciei2 quantitatem aut qualitatem praemissorum, aut alicujus inde parcellae ; Et non obstante Statute de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam non ponendis, aut aliquo alio statuto actu ordinatione proclamation provisione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito ordinato seu proviso, in aliquo non obstante: SALVO tamen Andreae Cole, Armigero, et omnibus aliis personis quibuscunque,
1 Error for nominibm ; so also in the Patent Roll.
2 Sic.
104 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
pniftfrquam nos heredes et successores nostros, tali jure clameo l intfi-fssf ft (k-manda quaecunque, quale ipse vel ipsi seu eorum aliquis habft sou habeant,2 aut de jure habere debent, de et in prai-mi^MN. >i'ti alicjua parte vel parcella inde.
The PI. Et ultcrius volumus, et per presentes pro nobis heredibus et
•'rikethT8 siuvi^soribiis nostris ordinamus ct firmiter injungendo praecipimus,
t^ae0a0thofs^mao)1 (lu<)(^ I'1'-'1*-'*1-'* Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens, et Deputati
jus, antfmiam ipsi aut eorum aliqui ad executionem officii illius
tevenor in, J .
dmittantur, tarn sacramentum corporale commumter vocatum 1 he Oath of Obedience, quam sacramentum corporale commumter vocatum The Oath of Supremacy, super sacrosanctis Dei Evangeliis praesta- bunt, et eorum quilibet praestabit, coram Concilio ejusdem Societatis, aut ali(|iiibus septem 3 vel pluribus eorum : cui quidem Concilio, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramenta praedicta admin istrare pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris plenam potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in ternpus, quotiescunque opus fuerit, damus et concedimus per presentes.
Proviso semper, et voluntas et intentio nostra regia est, quod terrae et praemissa praedicta per presentes, ut praefertur, concessa, seu eorum aliqua, non alienabuntur vel vendentur alicui personae sive aliquibus personis quibuscunque ; aliquo in presentibus contento in contrarium inde non obstante.
Eo quod expressa mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliisdonis sive concessionibus per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum nostrorum praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis de London, ft mcceaaoribufl suis, ante haec tempora factis, in presentibus minime fact a fxistit ; aut aliquo statute actu ordinatione provisione pro- clamatione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto fdito ordinato sive proviso, aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia quac-tinque, in aliquo non obstante.
In cujtis rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. i Me ij)^o, apud Westmonasterium, octavo die Aprilis, anno i nostri viccsiino primo.
Per breve de Privato Sigillo.
PlGOTT.4
: &C., in the ( 'li;irt«T and in the Roll.
.
3 N. li. Tin. ( );itli of ( >m<-<> may be taken before five only ; see before.
4 Thi- ( liartcr is on tbrrr skins of vellum. 'I'hc first skin contains an engraved portrait of Char!*'* II. very niucli inferior in execution to those in the preceding ( 'ha:
105
Translation of Third Charter, granting Chelsea College and further Privileges, A. n. 1669.
Charles the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to whom these our Letters Patent shall come, greeting.
Know ye that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, have given and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant, to our beloved and trusty the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for ever, All that piece of arable land called Teamshott, containing by Grant of Lands in estimation twenty acres, lying between our highway leading from CI Westminster to Chelsey on the north and west side, and a piece of meadow, containing by estimation four acres, parcel of eighteen acres of meadow, late in the tenure of the Earl of Nottingham or his assigns, on the south side, and a close of meadow called Stony Bridge Close on the east side, and a piece of arable land, late in the occupation of Thomas Evans or his assigns, on the west side, by the particular thereof mentioned to be of the yearly rent or value of twenty-three shillings and four pence ; And also all that the aforesaid close of meadow called Stony Bridge Close, containing by estimation four acres, late in the occupation of John Deakes or his assigns, lying between the stream called the Common Sewer on the east side, and the aforesaid piece of land called Teamshott on the west side, and the bridge called Stony Bridge on the north side, by the particular thereof mentioned to be of the yearly rent or value of twenty shillings ; And also all that one piece of arable land in the common field called East Field, containing by estimation three acres, late in the occupation of Thomas Frances or his assigns, lying between the aforesaid piece of land called Teamshott on the east side, a piece of arable land, late in the tenure of the Earl of Lincoln or his assigns, on the west side, a parcel of meadow of Earles Court land on the south side, and our highway leading from Westminster to Chelsey aforesaid on the north and west side, by the particular thereof mentioned to be of the yearly rent or value of four shillings ; (which same premises are, or formerly were, parcel of our land in Chelsey, being parcel of the Demesne land of the Manor of Chelsey aforesaid, and lately were parcel of the possessions of John, late Duke of Northumberland ; and which lately by our very dear grandfather, of blessed memory, King James, by his Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the eighth day of May, in the year of his reign of England the eighth, and of Scotland the forty-third,
!<)<; HECOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
were granted, or mentioned to be granted, to the Provost and Fellows of tlu- College of Kin»; .Tumi's in Chelsey, near London, of the founda- tion of the- same James, King of England, and to their successors for e\er. to hold of the aforesaid King James, as of his Manor of East (m-enwich. in the County of Kent, by fealty only, in free and common Kicage, and not in chief, nor by Knight service;) And also all and singular houses, buildings, structures, woods, underwoods, trees, and all the land, ground, and soil of the same woods, underwoods, and trees, and all other our rights, jurisdictions, franchises, privileges, liberties, profits, commodities, advantages, emoluments, and heredita- ments whatsoever, with all their appurtenances, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort they may be, or by whatsoever names they may be known, deemed, called, or recognized, situate, lying, and being, issuing, )\ving, renewing, or arising, within the county, towns, fields, places, or hamlets aforesaid, or elsewhere wheresoever, to the aforesaid lands and other the premises, or to any parcel thereof, in any manner belonging ; And also the reversion and reversions of all and singular the premises above by these presents before granted, and of every parcel thereof, dependent or expectant of, in, or upon any demise or grant for term or terms of life or lives or years, or otherwise, made of the premises above by these presents before granted, or of any parcel thereof, in any manner, being of record or not of record ; And also all and singular the rents and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved upon whatsoever demises or grants of and upon the premises by these presents before granted, or of and upon any parcel thereof.
Adedptent Clauses. \Ve have also given and granted, and by these presents for us, our
heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for ever, that they and their successors henceforth for ever may have, hold, and enjoy, and may be able and have power to have, hold, and enjoy, within the premie* above by these presents before granted, and within every pared thereof, as many, as great, such, the same, like, and similar rights, jurisdictions, liberties, franchises, customs, privileges, profits, Mimodities, advantages, emoluments, and hereditaments whatsoever, and which, and as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as t he aforesaid John, late Duke of Northumberland, or the aforesaid Provost and Ivllows of the College of King James in CheUex. near London, of the foundation of the same James, King of England, or an\ other person or persons ever heretofore having or pOMCMing the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other the premises, with their appurtenances, or any parcel thereof, or being seised thereof, ever had, held, used, or enjoyed, or ought to have had, held, used, or
TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 107
enjoyed, in the premises above by these presents before granted or in any parcel thereof, by reason or pretext of any charter of gift, grant, or confirmation by us or by any of our progenitors or ancestors, late Kings or Queens of England, heretofore had, made, or granted, or confirmed, or by reason or pretext of any Act of Parliament or of any Acts of Parliaments, or by reason or pretext of any lawful prescription, use, or custom heretofore had or used, or otherwise, by whatsoever lawful means, right, or title ; and as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as we or any of our progenitors or ancestors, late Kings or Queens of England, had and enjoyed, or ought to have had and enjoyed, the aforesaid lands, tene- ments, and other the premises or any parcel thereof.
We give further, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and suc- cessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors, all and singular the premises above by these presents before granted, with all their appurtenances, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as all and singular those premises or any parcel thereof came or ought to have come to our hands, or to the hands of any of our progenitors or ancestors, late Kings or Queens of England, by reason or pretext of the dissolution or surrender of any late monastery, priory, or hospital, or by reason or pretext of any Act of Parliament or of any Acts of Parliaments, or by reason of any attainder or forfeiture, or by reason of any exchange or purchase, or of any gift or grant, or by reason of escheat, or by whatsoever other lawful means, right, or title, and now are, or ought to be, in our hands.
To HAVE, hold, and enjoy the aforesaid lands, tenements, and Tenure, hereditaments, and all and singular other the premises above by these presents before granted, with all their appurtenances, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for ever ; To hold of us, our heirs, and successors, as of our Manor of East Greenwich, in our county of Kent, by fealty only, in free and common socage, and not in chief, nor by Knight service ; And rendering yearly to us, our heirs, and successors of and for the aforesaid arable land Rent, called Teamshott twenty-three shillings and four pence, and of and for the aforesaid close of meadow called Stony Bridge Close twenty shillings, and of and for the aforesaid piece of arable land in the common field called East Field four shillings, of lawful money of England, at the feasts of Saint Michael the Archangel and the Annun- ciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the Receipt of the Exchequer at Westminster for us, our heirs, and successors, or to the hands of
108 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
the Bailiffs or Receivers of the premises for the time being, by equal portions yearly to be paid for ever.
rations, acquit- And further, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, . and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that \\e, our heirs, and successors henceforth forever yearly and from time to time will discharge, acquit, and save harmless as well the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore- -aid and their successors, as the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other all and singular the premises above expressed and specified, and by these- presents before granted, and every parcel thereof, with all their appurtenances, of and from all and all manner of corrodies, rents, fees, •vires, annuities, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges whatsoever from the premises or from any parcel thereof to us, our heirs, or successors issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or successors charged or to be charged; except from the rents, services, and tenures above in these presents to us, our heirs, and Mirressors reserved, and except from demises and grants of the premises or of any parcel thereof heretofore made, and the covenants and conditions being in the same, and the covenants and charges which any farmer or farmers of the premises by reason of his or their indentures and demises is or are bound to do and discharge.
We will also, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, firmly enjoining, do command as well the Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chamberlain, Under-Treasurer, and Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors for the time being, as all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, that they and each of them, upon the mere showing of these our Letters I'atent, or of the Enrolment of the same, without any other writ or warrant from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner to be sued out 01- prosecuted, shall make and from time to time shall cause to be made to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal ton-aid and their successors full, whole, and due allowance and manif'ot discharge of and from all and all manner of such cor- rodi<-. rents, fees, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges "'ha* \cept from the services, rents, tenures, and arrears of
rent and other the premises in these presents reserved, as it is afore- ! by thr. al'oioaid President, Council, and Fellows of the 1 Sorirt \ i and their successors payable, to be done, or
to be performed) from the premises by these presents before granted, or from any part or parrel thereof, to us, our heirs, or successors
TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 109
issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or suc- cessors charged or to be charged ; And these our Letters Patent, or the Enrolment of the same, shall be from time to time, as well to the said Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chancellor,1 and Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors, for the time being, as to all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, a sufficient warrant and discharge in this behalf.
And whereas we, by our Letters Patent bearing date at West- Recital of gomeparta minster, the twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of ol our reign, made to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, among other things, granted to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that the President of the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or suc- cessors, or is otherwise occupied, so that he cannot attend to the necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the same President, so being detained, employed, or occu- pied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the afore- said Royal Society for the time being to be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which same Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may and should be the Deputy of the same President from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid President shall con- tinue in the office of President, unless in the meanwhile the afore- said President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council his Deputy ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power to do and execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid President by virtue of those our Letters Patent, from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy of the afore- said President shall continue, by force of those our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as the President aforesaid, if he were present, may be able and have power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath first to be taken
1 ' Chamberlain,' &c., above.
108 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
the Bailiff's or Receivers of the premises for the time being, by equal portions Yearly to be paid for ever.
rations, acquit- And further, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain and mere motion, we will, and by these presents for us,
our heirs, and sueeessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, . and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that \ve, our heirs, and successors henceforth forever yearly and from time to time will discharge, acquit, and save harmless as well the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore- -aid and their successors, as the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other all and singular the premises above expressed and specified, and by thc>e presents before granted, and every parcel thereof, with all their appurtenances, of and from all and all manner of corrodies, rents, fees,
••vires, annuities, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges whatsoever from the premises or from any parcel thereof to us, our heirs, or successors issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or successors charged or to be charged; except from the rents, services, and tenures above in these presents to us, our heirs, and successors reserved, and except from demises and grants of the premises or of any parcel thereof heretofore made, and the covenants and conditions being in the same, and the covenants and charges which any farmer or farmers of the premises by reason of his or their indentures and demises is or are bound to do and discharge.
We will also, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, firmly enjoining, do command as well the Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chamberlain, Under-Treasurer, and Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors for the time being, as all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, that they and each of them, upon the mere showing of these our Letters ut, or of the Enrolment of the same, without any other writ or u arrant from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner to be sued out or prosecuted, shall make and from time to time shall cause to be made to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal t\ a fore-aid and their successors full, whole, and due allowance and manifest discharge of and from all and all manner of such cor- rodie-. i tut-, f»-r-s, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges uhaKor\rr (except from the services, rents, tenures, and arrears of rent and other the premises in these presents reserved, as it is afore- i by the. aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Uo\al Society atoroaid and their successors payable, to be done, or to be performed) from the premises by these presents before granted, or from any part or parrel thereof, to us, our heirs, or successors
TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER !<)',>
issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or suc- cessors charged or to be charged ; And these our Letters Patent, or the Enrolment of the same, shall be from time to time, as well to the said Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chancellor,1 and Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors, for the time being, as to all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, a sufficient warrant and discharge in this behalf.
And whereas we, by our Letters Patent bearing date at West- Recital of some part* minster, the twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of ° our reign, made to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, among other things, granted to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that the President of the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or suc- cessors, or is otherwise occupied, so that he cannot attend to the necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the same President, so being detained, employed, or occu- pied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the afore- said Royal Society for the time being to be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which same Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may and should be the Deputy of the same President from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid President shall con- tinue in the office of President, unless in the meanwhile the afore- said President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council his Deputy ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power to do and execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid President by virtue of those our Letters Patent, from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy of the afore- said President shall continue, by force of those our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as the President aforesaid, if he were present, may be able and have power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath first to be taken
1 ( Chamberlain,' &c., above.
110 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
upon tin- holv Gospels of God, in the form and effect in our same ' tf cut specified, by such Deputy, well and faithfully to execute all ,-md singular tilings which pertain to the office of President, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven or more of them ; and so as often as the case shall so happen ; to which same Council, or to any seven or more of them, for the time being, ive and granted, by our same Letters Patent, power and authority to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case shall so happen, without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission, or further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, and successors ; And that they and their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), may lawfully be able to make and have assemblies and meetings of them- selves for the examination and investigation of experiments and of natural things, and for other affairs belonging to the Society afore- said, as often as and whenever it shall be needful, in a College or Hall or other convenient place within our City of London, or in any other convenient place within ten miles from our same City : And whereas ethat divers and various matters, powers, liberties, and privileges granted JJJS?! ar_ in our same Letters Patent to the aforesaid President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, by virtue of those our Letters indi, or Patent, are not to be exercised, done, performed, or executed, unless
ra, , ., f . , ., . , j n •! i?j.i_
fhnt by the aforesaid President and Council, or any seven or more of them : And whereas further, by our aforesaid Letters Patent, for us, our heirs, and successors we gave and granted to the aforesaid President and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors tor ever, or to any twenty-one or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), or to the major part of the aforesaid twenty-one or more, full power and authority from time to time to elect, nominate, and appoint one or more Typographers or Printers, and Chalcographers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them, by a writing sealed with the Common 1 of the aforesaid Royal Society, and signed by the hand of the President for the time being, faculty to print such things, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the aforesaid Royal Society as '11 be committed to the aforesaid Typographer or Printer, Chal- irapher or Kngraver, or Typographers or Printers, Chalcographers "i I 'in time to time, by the President and Council of the
aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major part of the aforesaid seven or more; their corporal oaths to be first taken, before they be admitted to exercise their «'fi' ' the President and Council for the time being, or any
TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 111
seven or more of them ; to which same President and Council, or to any seven or more of them for the time bi'ing, we gave and granted by our aforesaid Letters Patent full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid ; as in our same Letters Patent, reference being had thereto, it is more fully shown and appears :
We, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain Thig Charter direct* .,, , .-1 • j .1 it that the President'*
knowledge and mere motion, have given and granted, and by Deputy shall continue
these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant, S^^nt1£7ppo£t
to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid one or more others :
Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that from henceforth
for ever if it shall happen that the President of the same Royal
Society for the time being is detained by sickness or infirmity, or is
employed in the service of us, our heirs, or successors, or is otherwise
occupied, so that he cannot attend to the necessary affairs of the
same Royal Society touching the office of President ; that then and
so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the same President,
so being detained, employed, or occupied, to nominate and appoint
one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being
to be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which same
Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of the
President aforesaid, may and shall be the Deputy of the same President
from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid
President is so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid
President shall continue in the office of President, even though in the
meanwhile the President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time
being shall have made and appointed one other or several others of
the aforesaid Council his Deputy and Deputies ; to which same
President for the time being we give and grant by these presents for And it gives him ex-
•,.•, i . i • . 1-1 press power to appoint
us, our heirs, and successors power and authority to make and appoint two or more Deputies, two or more of the aforesaid Council his Deputies, at one and the S^SSSS'"* same time, as often as it shall please him : And that every such tim£ ; wh° ***&* each
' t * J m of them, do the same
Deputy and Deputies of the aforesaid President, so as it is aforesaid acts in his absence, as
to be made and appointed, may be able and have power to do and present.
execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to
the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are
limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid
President by virtue of our aforesaid Letters Patent or of these
presents, from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the
aforesaid President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy and
Deputies of the aforesaid President shall continue, by force of these
our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample
manner and form, as the President aforesaid, if he were present, would
be able and have power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath
11-J RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
to IK first taken upon the holy Gospels of God, in the form and effect in our same Letters Patent specified, by such Deputy and Deputies, well and faithfully to execute all and singular things which pertain to the office of President, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Koval Society, or any five or more of them ; and so as often as the shall so happen: to which same Council, or to any five or more of them for the time being, we give and grant by these presents power and authority to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case shall so happen, without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission, or further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, and successors:
And further, that henceforth for ever they and their successors, or
11 v nine or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time
•ring, or his Deputy, to be always one), maybe able lawfully to make
issemblies or meetings of themselves for the examination
AMnufi-s'aiiywhmj all(l investigation of experiments and of natural things, and other affairs belonging to the Society aforesaid, as often as and whenever it shall be needful, in a College or Hall or other convenient place within our Realm of England :
AIIP..U ,,ii And further, that all and singular things, powers, liberties, and
.,;;;' privileges in our aforesaid Letters Patent granted to the aforesaid
! 'resident, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, by
irtue of those our Letters Patent, which are not to be exercised, done,
performed, or executed save by the aforesaid President and Council,
'r or any seven or more of them ; henceforth for ever may and shall be
able to be exercised, done, performed, or executed by the aforesaid
President and Council, or any five or more of them.
Forth. And further, of our more abundant grace, we have given and
.ranted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do J\e and grant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of
•aid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that
,ng * »*
forth for ever it may and shall be good and lawful to the
President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being, from
ime to time, to elect, nominate, and appoint any Typographer or
Printer, Typographers or Printers, and Chalcographer or Engraver,
.pliers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them faculty to
l in.- .
them» i, print such things, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the
aforesaid Royal Society as shall be committed to the aforesaid Topographer or Printer, Chalco^rapher or Engraver, or Typographers or Print. TS, ( 'lulco^raphers or Kngnivers, from time to time, by the and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any five or moiv of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major part of the aforesaid five or more; their corporal oaths to be first taken, before they be admitted
J>JH HANS SLOANK •g by Mr (io.lfrey KmOler, in tlu- -.*ciety
i* often ;
tii ore
f natural things, and ,'nient pL
1 to the afoi he exercised,
i bv the afor
I'l \ 1 1 \
SIR HANS SLOANE From a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the Royal Society
TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTKR 113
to exercise their offices, before the President and Council for tin Him- n.oy miut be a»i being, or any five or more of them ; and so as often as the case shall 5I£S JSd oowicif *or so happen : to which same President and Council for the time being, ftny./ft*or mor or to any five or more of them, we give and grant by these presents full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.
And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and rieneni confirmatory successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid and to their successors, that these our Letters Patent, or the Enrolment of the same, shall stand and be in and by all things good, firm, valid, sufficient, and effectual in law, to all respects, purposes, constructions, and intents, towards and against us, our heirs, and successors, as well in all our Courts as elsewhere within our realm of England, without any confirmations, licences, or tolerations from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner hereafter to be procured or obtained :
Notwithstanding the badly naming or badly reciting, or not reciting, the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other the premises or any parcel thereof; And notwithstanding the not finding an office or inquisition of the premises or of any parcel thereof, whereby our title ought to have been found before the making of these our Letters Patent ; And notwithstanding the badly reciting, or not reciting, any demise or grant made of the premises or of any parcel thereof, being of record or not of record ; And notwithstanding the badly naming or not naming any town, hamlet, parish, place, or county in which the premises or any parcel thereof are or is ; And notwithstanding that full, true, and certain mention is not made of the names of the tenants, farmers, or occupiers of the premises or of any parcel thereof ; And notwithstanding any defects of the certainty, or computation, or declaration of the true yearly value of the premises or of any parcel thereof, or of the yearly rent reserved of and upon the premises, or of and upon any parcel thereof, in these our Letters Patent expressed and contained ; And notwithstanding the Statute made and enacted in the Parliament of the Lord Henry the Sixth, late King of England, our progenitor, in the eighteenth year of his reign ; And notwithstanding any other defects in not certainly naming the nature, kind, sort, quantity, or quality of the premises or of any parcel thereof; And notwithstanding the Statute concerning the not putting of lands and tenements to mortmain, or any statute, act, ordinance, proclamation, provision, or restriction to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, in anywise notwithstanding: SAVING, nevertheless, to Andrew Cole, Esquire, and to all other persons whomsoever, other than us, our heirs, and successors, such right, claim, interest, and demand whatsoever,
I
114 HKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
aa lu- or they or any one of them has or may have, or of right ought to have, of and in the premises or any part or parcel thereof.
And fnrt.luT we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
, . , p ' ... , j ,1 , ,1
do ordain, and firmly enjoining do command, that the
President of tin- Society aforesaid for the time being, and his 1 )( -nut ies, lu-foiv lu- or any of them be admitted to the execution of that
i . or seven or *
ofiice, shall take, and each of them shall take, as well the corporal oath, commonly called the Oath of Allegiance, as the corporal oath, commonly called the Oath of Supremacy, upon the holy Gospels of God, before the Council of the same Society, or any seven or more of them : to which same Councillor to any seven or more of them, we give and grant by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid from time to time, whensoever it shall be needful.
Provided always, and our Royal will and intention is, that the lands and premises aforesaid granted by these presents, as it is aforesaid, or any of them, shall not be alienated or sold to any person or persons whomsoever ; anything in these presents contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.
Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the certainty of the premises or of any of them, or of other gifts or grants before these times made, by us or by any of our progenitors or predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Koy.-d Society of London, and to their successors, is not made in these presents ; or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restriction to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in anywise notwithstanding.
In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the eighth day of April, in the twenty-first year of our reign.
By writ of Privy Seal.
PIGOTT. NOTE.
An enrolment at the Record Office, of which the following is ;m abstract, to King Charle^ II the three Closes granted by the third Charter. < W /,•«//, 33 r/,,,.v. //, part 3, Xo. 3.
(In Knglish.) Indenture, 1! Feb.. :\\ (has. II, H5H1[- i»], between the King's most excellen
•voftl ne part, and the President , Council . and I-'ellows of the Royal
.) of the other part ; whereby (for 1,300/.) the latter bargain and sell to the former ' All that piece of arable land railed 'I Vamshott ', iVr. , ' all that .;e-aid ( lo-e of ineado\v called Slonebridge Close,' A.T. , ' and also all that one piece of arable land in a common field called Kastfeild ,' tVrc., which were grante by the King to the Society by letters patent }', April, 21 ('has. II.
115
A LICENSE for purchasing in MORTMAIN to the yearly value of One Thousand Pounds, granted to the Pre- sident, Council, and Fellows of the ROYAL Sonny of London, by King GEORGE the FIRST, in the year MDCCXXV.1
* GEORGE by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc., to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. WHEREAS our trusty and well-beloved the President, Council, and Fellows, of the Royal Society of our City of London for improving natural knowledge, have by their Petition humbly represented unto us, that our late Royal Predecessor, King Charles the Second, by Letters Patents,2 bearing date the Two-and- twentieth day of April, in the Fifteenth year of his reign, did ordain constitute and appoint the said Royal Society of London for improving natural knowledge, and did thereby grant them Licence to purchase in Mortmain ; that since the grant of the said Letters Patents, several well-disposed Persons have devised and granted to the Petitioners, and their successors, divers lands and hereditaments, and given several sums of money to them, for the use of the said corpora- tion ; that the Petitioners being desirous to invest the same money in the most durable manner, for the improvement of the said corporation, have most humbly prayed us to grant to them our Royal Licence to hold and enjoy the lands and hereditaments, which have been devised and granted to them ; to purchase hold and enjoy to them, and their successors for ever, for the use and benefit of the said corporation, such manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, as they shall think fit to purchase, or shall receive by will, or any deed of conveyance, not exceeding the yearly value of One thousand pounds : We are graciously pleased to grant their request. KNOW YE therefore, that we, of our especial grace certain knowledge and meer motion, HAVE given and granted, and by these presents for us our heirs and successors DO give and grant, unto the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of our city of London for improving natural knowledge afore- said, and their successors, our especial Licence, full power, and lawful find absolute authority, to hold and enjoy the lands and hereditaments, which have been already devised or granted to the said corporation, as aforesaid ; and also to purchase acquire take hold and receive in
1 Reprinted from Weld's ' History of the Royal Society'.
2 So in the Original.
I 2
n<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Mortmain, in perpetuity or otherwise, to or to the use of or in trust for them or their successors, for the use and benefit of the said corporation, from any person or persons, bodies politic and corporate, their heirs and successors respectively, such manors lands tenements rents or hereditaments, as they shall think fit to purchase, or shall
i- by writ, or any deed of conveyance, not exceeding the yearly value of One thousand pounds above all charges and reprizes. AND we do hereby also for us our heirs and successors give and grant our e-pecial Licence, full power, and lawful and absolute authority, to any person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, their heirs and successors
t i\ elv, to grant, alien, sell* convey, and dispose of in Mortmain, in perpetuity or otherwise, to or to the use of or in trust for the President Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of our city of London for im- proving natural knowledge aforesaid, and their successors, any manors lands tenements rents or hereditaments whatsoever, not exceeding the yearly value of One thousand pounds. AND LASTLY, we do hereby, for us our heirs and successors, grant unto the President Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of our City of London for improving natural know- ledge aforesaid, and their successors, that these our Letters Patents, or the Inrollment or Exemplification thereof, shall be in and by all things good firm valid sufficient and effectual in the law, according to the true intent and meaning thereof; NOTWITHSTANDING the not rightly naming or describing any of the manors lands tenements rents or here- ditaments already devised or granted to the said corporation, or to be granted devised aliened or disposed of in Mortmain to them, and their successors, in fee or otherwise, as aforesaid : or any other omission im- perfection defect matter cause or thing whatsoever to the contrary there- of in anywise notwithstanding. IN WITNESS whereof we have caused
our Letters to be made Patents. WITNESS Ourself at Westmin- ster, the Seventeenth day of December, in the Eleventh year of our reign.
4 By writ of Privy Seal.
* COCKS;
CHAPTER III
THE STATUTES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY I. THE ORIGINAL STATUTES ENACTED IN 1663
CHAP. I — Of the making and repealing of Lawn.
I. FOR the making of any Law or Statute of the Royal Society, the draught thereof shall be read in Council, and put to the vote, on two several days of their Meeting. The first day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to ;his effect, viz. ' Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall be read at another Meeting ? ' The second day the question shall be to ;his effect, ivV;. ' Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall pass for a Law, or not ? '
II. For the repealing of any Law or Statute, or any part thereof, the Repeal shall be propounded and voted in Council, on two several days of their Meeting. Ihe first day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to this effect, viz. ' Whether the Repeal of such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be pro- pounded at another Meeting ? ' The second day the question shall be to this effect, viz. ' Whether such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be repealed )r not?' And in case the said Repeal be agreed unto, the same shall be recorded in the Journal-book of the Council ; and the Statute, or part of the Statute repealed, shall be cancelled in the Statute-books.
CHAP. II — Of the Obligation to be subscribed.
EVERY Fellow of the Society, and every person elected a Fellow thereof, >hall subscribe the Obligation in these words following : —
HV, who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise each for himself } that •;r icill endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London for mproving natural knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was Bounded; that we will be present at the Meetings of tJie Society, as often as "onveniently we can, especially at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extraor- dinary occasions ; and that we will observe the Statutes and Orders of the said Society. Provided, that whensoever any of us shall signify to the President, under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free frmn this Obligation for the future.
And if any Fellow shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, he shall be ejected out of the Society. And if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe the same, the election of the said person shall be void ; neither shall any person refusing to subscribe be admitted, or registered among the Fellows of the Society.
118 KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
CM \ I-. Ill — Of the Pin/mcnts by the Fellows to the Society.
I. F\ i KV JH i>on admitted a Fellow of the Society shall, on the day of hi: admission, pav to the use of the Society the sum of Forty shillings, foi admi-^ion-monev. And if any such person shall refuse, or fail to pay the saic sum. hi> election and admission shall be void; except the said sum be remittee in whole, or in part, by special order of the Council.
II. E\ erv Fellow of the Society shall pay One shilling by the week, toward; the charges of experiments, and other expences of the Society, so long as he shal continue a Fellow thereof: which continuance shall be accounted from tlw time of his admission, until such time as he shall signify to the President under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society ; or until, upoi any other account, he shall cease to be a Fellow thereof. And if any Fellov shall refuse to pay according to the rate aforesaid, he shall be ejected out o the Society ; except the said Payment be remitted in whole, or in part, bj special order of the Council.
III. For the more convenient receiving and collecting the contribution ol One shilling by the week, to be paid by every Fellow toward the charges o experiments, and other expences of the Society, the same, amounting to Fiffy two shillings by the year, shall be paid quarterly by equal portions, viz. h} Thirteen shillings at a time for one whole quarter ; and proportionably foi a part of a quarter, by any person admitted after the beginning, or withdraw- ing from the Society before the end of any quarter of the year.
IV. The days, upon which the quarterly Payments of the contributions o One shilling by the week to the Society shall become due, shall be the Twenty- third day of September, the Twenty-third day of December, the Twenty-fiftl
t March, and the Twenty-fourth day of June.
\ . Fvery Fellow of the Society shall upon each of the weekly Meetings.
that shall fall upon the days for the quarterly Payments, or upon the first,
iid, or third Wednesdays next after each of the said days, bring or sent;
in to the Treasurer, or his Deputy, his quarterly contribution of Thirteen
shilling, or such proportion of it as shall be due. And if any Fellow shall
fail to bring or send in, as aforesaid (being not dispensed withal, as to the sai<i
•nont, by special order of the Council), he shall be liable to ejection out of
th.- So. irty : upon which the Council shall proceed, as they shall see cause.
IV— Of the Ordinary Meetings of tlie Society.
I. Tm. ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be weekly, upon Wednesday, beginning about three of the clock in the afternoon, and continuing until six : unle» tli, m.-.jor part of the Fellows present shall, for that time, resolve to
later. And no Fellow shall depart, without giving notice to the President.
II. When the President taketh the Chair, the rest of the Fellows shall place tnn -l.ilv, and conveniently for the business of the Meeting; ;m<
ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !(;<;:* n<>
those persons, that are not of (lie Society, shall withdraw : Excepting, that it shall be free for any of his Majesty's MibjirU of Kn-l,ui<l. Scotland, or Ireland. having the title and place of a Baron, or having any higher title and place, or any of his Majesty's Privy Council of any of his three kingdom-, and for any foreigner of eminent repute, with the allowance of the President, to stay for that time ; and that it shall be free for any other person, upon leave obtained of the President and Fellows present, or the; major part of them, to stay for that time. And the name of every person permitted to stay, of any person that moved for him, and the allowance, shall be entered in the Journal-book-.
III. When any Fellow speaketh, he shall address his speech to the Presi- dent, and be uncovered, and the rest shall be silent.
IV. When two or more offer to speak together, the President shall determine which of them shall speak first.
V. The business of the Society in their ordinary Meetings shall be, to order, take account, consider, and discourse of philosophical experiments and obser- vations ; to read, hear, and discourse upon letters, reports, and other papers, containing philosophical matters ; as also to view, and discourse upon, rarities of nature and art: and thereupon to consider, what may be deduced from them, or any of them ; and how far they, or any of them, may be improved for use or discovery.
CHAP. V — Of Experiments ', and the Reports thereof.
I. No Experiment shall be made at the charge of the Society, but by order of the Society or Council.
II. In order to the propounding and making of Experiments for the Society, consideration shall be had of the importance of any Experiment, to the dis- covery of any truth or axiom in nature, or to the use and benefit of mankind.
III. Two or more Curators shall be appointed (if it may consist with convenience) of every Experiment, or natural Observation, that cannot conveniently be made in the presence of the Society. Which Curators, or any two or more of them, shall (as soon as conveniently may be) meet together at time and place 1 by them agreed on, to make the said Experiment or Observa- tion ; and also shall jointly draw up the Report of the matter of fact, in every such Experiment or Observation ; or if any difference shall happen between them in their apprehensions thereabout, the same shall be related in the Report.
IV. In all Reports of Experiments to be brought into the Society, the matter of fact shall be barely stated, without any prefaces, apologies, or rhetorical flourishes ; and entered so in the Register-book, by order of the Society. And if any Fellow shall think fit to suggest any conjecture, con- cerning the causes of the phaenomena in such Experiments, the same shall be done apart; and so entered into the Register-book, if the Society shall order the entry thereof.
1 So in the Original.
li>() HECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
CHAP. VI- — Of the Klcctlon ami Admission of Fellows.
I. I'M KV person to be elected Fellow of the Society shall first, at one Meeting, he propounded as a Candidate, in order to Election ; and after, at sonu- other Meeting (whereat there shall be present a competent number for making Elections) shall be propounded, and put to the vote for Election:
;>ting, that it shall be free for every one of his Majesty's subjects ot England. Scotland, or Ireland, having the title and place of a Baron, or having anv higher title and place, and every one of his Majesty's Privy Council of any of the said kingdoms, to be propounded, and put to the vote for Election, on tin same day, there being present a competent number for making Elections.
II. Every Fellow, that is to propound any person as a Candidate, in order to Election, shall, before the said person be propounded, make known unto him the effect of the obligation to be subscribed, and the sum that is to be paid for admission-money, and the rate of the constant payment for the occasions of the Society ; and also, at the propounding of the said person, shall satisfy the company that he hath informed him accordingly, and that thereupon it is the desire of the said person to be of the Society.
III. The name of every person propounded as a Candidate, in order to Election for a Fellow of the Society, together with the name of the Fellow proposing, shall be entered in the Journal-book.
IV. In the Election of any person for a Fellow of the Society, the votes shall be taken by way of ballot.
\ . Every person, elected a Fellow, shall appear for his admission at some ordinary Meeting of the Society, which shall be within four weeks after his Elec- t ion ; or within such further time as shall be granted by the Society or Council, upon cause shewed to either of them. Otherwise his Election shall be void.
VI. The Admission of any Fellow of the Society shall beat some Meeting thereof, in manner and form following : The President, taking him by the hand, -hall say these words,
/ do by the authority, and in the name of the Royal Society of London for improving natural knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.
VII. The Election and Admission of every person into the Society, with the time thereof, shall be recorded in the Journal-book.
(HAP. Ml— Of the Election of the Council and Officers.
I. A i the two ordinary Meetings of the Society, which shall be within the fifteen day- next preceding the day of the Anniversary Elections, the President shall give notice of the said Elections; and declare how much it import cth <><>d of the Society, that such persons may be chosen into the Council, .-is are most likely to attend the Meetings and business of the Council, out of "•hom there may be made the best choice of the President and other Officers.
n- 'How of the Society, in Or near London, shall be called to the
Anniversary Meetings, tor electing the Council and Officers for the year en suing,
ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !<><;:* ii>i
by particular summons signed by the President; which summons >\m\\ be delivered to every such person, or left at his house or lodging, a week at the least before the said day, together with printed lists of the names of the Fellows of the Society. And the said Munitions shall be to this effect : —
These are to give notice, that on tlie day of being
the Council and Officer* of the Royal Society are to be elected for the //////• ensuing , at which Election your presence is expected, at of the r/oc/,-
in the
III. For the Anniversary Election of the Council (which is to consist of eleven Members of the present Council, to be continued for the year next ensuing ; and ten of the Fellows, not being Members of the Council, to be added to them) there shall be a competent number of lists printed of all the Fellows of the Society (excepting all the Members of the present Council) in an alphabetical older; and a competent number of the like lists of all the Members of the present Council ; both which lists shall be distributed to all the Fellows of the Society, summoned to the Anniversary Election.
IV. For the Election of the eleven Members of the present Council, to be continued for the year next ensuing, every Fellow shall on the printed list of the present Council, by a line drawn under each name, to the number of eleven and no more, signify the persons to whom he giveth his suffrage for their continuance, as aforesaid ; and closing up the said list shall deliver it in to >ome person appointed to collect and receive the same.
V. All the lists being thus collected, one of the Secretaries shall open them one by one, and in the first place shall take notice of the number of the names distinguished, as is before prescribed, in each list (which if it be above eleven in any, the same list shall be laid aside, and no notice taken of the suffrages therein) and shall recite every name so distinguished ; and the other Secretary shall, in a list for that purpose, note how often every several name is recited ; and each of the Secretaries shall be assisted by a Scrutator, to be drawn by lot by the President. This done, the Secretaries and Scrutators shall sum up the suffrages, according to the notes affixed to every name : or in case of the absence of one or both the Secretaries, one or two Scrutators more (to be in like manner drawn by lot) shall supply their places ; whereof two shall be em- ployed in the perusal of the lists, and recitation of the names, and the other two in the noting of the names recited, as is before prescribed.
VI. After the noting and summing up of the votes, the Secretaries, or Scrutators, shall recite all the names of the present Council having any votes upon the present scrutiny, with the number of the votes to every name ; to the end, that all the persons carrying the major part of the votes may be known to be thus elected, if they be not more in number than eleven. But if the persons, having the majority of votes, be more than eleven, he or they (that have fewest suffrages) are to be secluded, until the number be reduced to eleven ; or to a lesser number, if equality between persons having the fewest
KKCOK1) OK T1IK ROYAL SOCIETY
0 require. And it the persons having the majority of votes, or
>iing upon the aforesaid reduction, do not amount to the
mm; -hen all the rest upon that list shall be put to the scrutiny
I , llou slmll mark, as before, so many, and no more, as are
and the method thereupon in all things shall be the same, as before,
until tlu- number be complete. And in case of equal distribution of votes,
t|u- number b, ber than the number wanting, the proceeding shall be
Ud upon the said persons ; and if then they have still equal votes, the
-hall >eclude one by lot, and the rest shall be put to the scrutiny again.
\ II. For the Flection of the ten Fellows not of the present Council, to be
I to the former eleven, to constitute the Council for the year next ensuing,
the proceedings upon the printed lists of the Fellows of the Society shall be in
all particulars observed, as upon the former lists, according as the cases shall
ire.
\ III. In case of seclusion of any Member of the present Council, or of any other Fellow by lot, the same person shall be brought in again to pass the scrutiny, by putting him in competition with one that hath the least, or with more of those that have the least equal number of votes.
I\. Fora.Miiuch as the possible varieties in the equalities, and proportions.
iM'ragcs distributed among several persons, upon which Non-elections may
li.-ipp i great and manifold, that it would be tedious to obviate them
all in particular bv Statutes: if therefore any case shall happen not provided
••upon the Flection cannot, be made, or perfected, the same shall be
adjourned to the next convenient time; and the Council in the interim shall
pnuision, and offer some expedient to the Society, for the effecting thereof.
^- I '"•" electing the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries, every Fellow
I li< Anniversary Election of the Council shall, after the Election
tor tin Members of the new Council, put upon a distinct list several
mark-. liiM for the President, next for the Treasurer, and then for the
' be chosen severally out of the said new Council, for the year
Ml"'- >d flif proceedings therein shall be after the same manner, as is
for th«- Anniversary Elections of the Council.
ting any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected
f)> ' • "p"" sllrn vacancies, as shall happen in the intervals of the
the summons for such Election, and the proceedings in
DM manner, as is directed for the Anniversary Elections.
UK \ of the President's place, which shall happen in
i the Anniversary Flections, one of the Secretaries shall cause
>l *<> l» summoned for the Election of a new President; and the
Council meeting tl,,.reii,,on i,, the usual place, or any eleven or more of them,
^lla11 I Flection, and not separate until the major part of the
mn"' upon a new President.
ORIGINAL STATUTKS ()1 I <;<;:;
CHAP. VIII— Of the
I. THE business of the President shall be, to proide in all fh< Meetings, and regulate all the debates, of the Society and Council ; to xt:ih- and put questions both in the affirmative and negative, according to the sense and intention of the Meeting; to call for Reports and Accounts from Committees, Curators, and others ; to check irregularities, and to keep all persons to order ; to summon all extraordinary Meetings of the Society and Council, upon an\ urgent occasions ; and to execute, or see the execution, of the Statutes of the Society.
II. Whensoever any question shall be desired to be put by any Fello\ any Meeting of the Society or Council, and seconded by another, the President shall put the same ; unless upon debate the sense of the Meeting appear to l>e otherwise.
III. The President shall take place of every Fellow of the Society, within their college, or ordinary place of meeting ; as also in all other places, where any number of the Fellows meet as a Society, or Council, or Committee ; and being in the Chair is to be covered, while speaking unto or hearing particular Fellows, notwithstanding their being uncovered.
IV. The President shall not preside at any Meeting of the Fellows of the Society, except the ordinary Meetings of the Society or Council, at known time and place l ; or such extraordinary Meetings of either as shall be called by a general summons of each respectively ; or the Meetings of Committees appointed by the Society or Council; and except Meetings for solemnities only.
CHAP. IX — Of the Treasurer and his Accompts.
I. THE Treasurer, or his Deputy, shall receive to the use of the Society all moneys, or sums of money, due or payable to the Society ; and out of such moneys shall pay and disburse all moneys, or sums of money, due from or payable by the Society, upon all occasions ; and shall keep particular Accompts of all such receipts and payments.
II. Every sum of money, payable to the use of the Society, of Five pounds or under, shall be paid by order of the President, under his hand ; and every sum exceeding Five pounds shall be paid by order of the Council, signed by the President, and registered by the Secretary ; and all bills of charges for experiments shall be signed by the Curators thereof, before they be presented to the President.
III. All moneys, or sums of money, whereof there shall not be present occasion for expending or disposing to the use of the Society, shall be laid up in an iron chest, having three different locks and keys, whereof one shall be in the custody of the President, another of the Treasurer, and a third of one of the Secretaries : and the Treasurer shall not have in his custody above
1 So in the Original .
KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
. »r defraying tlie occasional expences of the Society ; ill pay in moneys into the chest aforesaid, and take out ofthe Council, as they shall judge expedient.
I\ all have and keep a roll or list in parchment of the
. with a margin before and after the names; in the
form. 11 l>e not i-d the anvars due from every F'ellow, in the latter
-.1 pa\ment> ofthe Fellows, according to the weekly or quarterly ton to til ; and the said roll shall be signed by him, for
the truth thei
V. I "pon the third Wednesday which shall be next after each of the I isurer, or his Deputy, shall demand the quarterly pay- ment or arrear- of every Fellow, from whom the same shall be due; and ill Wednesday shall send a Collector, appointed under . with the roll or list ofthe Fellows ofthe Society signed by him, wheiviii the arrears due from every Fellow are noted in the margin before the name-, for the collecting ofthe said arrears.
\ I. I IK Accomptsof the Treasurer shall be audited and examined four times
i, u it hin six \\eeks after each quarter-day, by a Committee of five of the
.eil, or any three or more of them, whereof the President and one of the
tariea -hall he two. And the same shall be done once a year before the
Ann: ! .lect ion-, by a Committee to be nominated by the President, with
the consent of the major part of the Fellows present, given by ballot, at one
of the three next preceding weekly Meetings ofthe Society; which shall consist
lo\\s that are not M en ibers of the Council, to the number of five, whereof
hall he a Quorum, who shall make their report to the Society,
pon tin Meeting next, he fore the Anniversary Election, or upon the day of
lection.
CHAP. X— Of the Secretaries.
tariet, or either of them, shall have the charge and custody of
»ok. Statute-book, Journal-books ofthe Society and Council,
and Letter-hooks of the Society, as also of all papers and
'••Ionu'iii«{ to the Society ; any of which they shall cause to be produced
the Socii-ty or Council, as the case shall require, or as they
-hall ! -,, ,],, |)V t|1(- Society or Council.
11 T1 "! ' 'it her of them, shall have inspection over the Clerk,
' and direction to him, concerning the entering and writing
in the Journal-hooks of the Society or Council, the Register-
ixx.k- of the Society, also concerning any orders or other
unlinks for the n and service ofthe Society.
>f them, shall attend at all Meetings of
-'".d Council; uhere. when the President hath taken the Chair, ] fl" wden and entries of the next preceding Meeting,
I
ORIGINAL STATUTES OF H>63 i _> ,
and shall after take notes of the orders and material passages of the present Meeting, to be entered by the Clerk in the respective books, to whirl, relate; and when there shall be present a competent umnU -r tor making elections, they, or either of them, shall give notice of any Candidates that shall stand propounded in order to election into the Society.
IV. The Secretaries, or either of them, shall draw up all letters to be writ I . i to any persons in the name of the Society or Council (to be read and app of in some meeting of either respectively) except, for some particular cause or consideration, some other person be appointed by the Society or Council to draw up any such letter.
CHAP. XI — Of Curators by Office.
I. WHEREAS the ends of the institution of the Society may be most effectually promoted by employing able and fit persons, who shall be Curators by office, for the service and business of the Society, having such a liberal allowance, as may be a sufficient maintenance for them, without seeking for or engaging in any other employment ; therefore when the Society shall be endowed with a standing revenue, that can bear it, provision shall be made for such Curators accordingly. And because it may happen, that some persons, engaged in other employments, may yet be of eminent usefulness for the business of Curators ; therefore if any such shall be employed by the Society, such allowance shall be made, as may be proportionable to the time bestowed in that service : Provided that the allowance to any one Curator shall not exceed so much as shall from time to time be equivalent to Two hundred pounds per annum, in this present year 1663. Nor shall the number of such Curators be so great, as to exhaust upon their said allowances above one half of the revenue, from time to time belonging to the Society.
II. The employment and business of a Curator shall be, to take care of the managing of all experiments and observations appointed by the Society or Council, and report the same ; and to perform such tasks relating to the ends of the constitution of the Society, as the Society or Council shall from time to time appoint ; such as the examining of sciences, arts, and inventions, bringing in histories of natural and artificial things.
III. Every person, to be chosen a Curator by office for the Society, shall be of good fame and virtuous conversation, knowing in philosophical and mathe- matical learning, addicted to and well versed in observations, inquiries, and experiments concerning natural and artificial things.
IV. Every person, standing for the office of a Curator to the Society, shall be propounded at some Meeting thereof, one month at the least before the intended election ; to the end, that every Member may inform himself concerning him. and acquaint the Society or Council with any exception or objection against him : and every such person shall submit himself to the trial and examination of the Council, or of such persons as shall be appointed by them, to be transacted
KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
i,, tl, the Council, concerning his qualifications, whether they be
• in a Curator.
\ \\ : on is to In- tried and examined before the Council,
tor tin- oflice of a Curator to the Society, and whensoever
, is to be recommended from the Council to the Society for the
Mi inbcr of tlu- Council shall be summoned to the Meeting,
0 asioii thereof.
\ I. K\erv person, propounded to the Society for the office of a Curator,
\ animation by the Council, visit every Member thereof in
:i. declaring to him his desire and intention for the said place;
:•» Mich \isitalion be dispensed with by order of the Society or Council.
\ 11 ,11, approved by the Council for a Curator to the Society,
shall be recommended from the Council to the Society, in order to election, at
•iiii^ a \\vek or longer before the intended election-day; and if any
person p md not approved or recommended, shall find himself
aggrieved, or think that right hath not been done him, it shall be free for him
•peal, or make his case known to the Society.
\ III. Kvery person, propounded to the Society for election into the office of
a Curator, shall at the first be elected for one year of probation only (except
> v shall by vote taken by ballot resolve otherwise, in consideration
knoun merit of any particular person), and at the end of that year the
MI shall either be elected for perpetuity, or for a longer time of
. 01- shall be rejected.
IX. Iii order to the election of persons for Curators, the Fellows of the
Miuiioned. in the same manner and form, mutatis mutandis,
ided for the Anniversary Election of the Council and Officers.
X (iv person for a Curator shall be after this manner :
'l'h«- ;dl the competitors for a Curator's place shall first be read, and
!«• put to the ballot, in order as they stand recommended by the Council
. adding Mich as, upon appeal, shall be ordered by the Society:
one hath the plurality of suffrages, he shall stand elected,
iv further proceeding upon any other of the competitors ; and the like
iv vacant place : and in case of non-election it shall be
. whether there shall be a proceeding again upon the
.<! that Meeting, („• any adjournment of the election to
'irator for a longer time of probation, or for llai cnnrcnmig the summons for the Meetings shall be '"'" f;»- pn.batio,,; and the (juestion shall be determined if the votes taken by ballot.
' d < lurator by oflice, shall also be a Fellow of the
-Ml mhttribe the o!>lin-atimi t() |K, subscribed by every Fellow ;
; ' H'»v i" thr usual form, if he were not so before; neither
ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !<;<;:* u;
continue a Curator any longer than he shall «>ntinur a Fellow of the Society.
XIII. Every Curator of the Society shall forfeit liU place as a Curator, together with his relation as a Fellow, for any of the causes for \\hii -h a Fellow is to be ejected ; and also for any fraudulent dealing in matters concerning the Society, or for negligence in the business of his place : before which eject i< m. for the first, second, and third fault, he shall receive respective admonishment by the President in Council, to be entered in the Council-book ; except the fault shall be judged by the Society so enormous as to deserve a present expulsion.
XIV. If any Curator shall be disabled by age, infirmity, or casualty con- tracted in the service of the Society, some provision shall be made for him during life, if the necessity of his condition shall so require, according as the Council shall think fit.
CHAP. XII— -Of the Clerk.
I. THE Clerk of the Society shall constantly attend all the Meetings of the Society and Council, precisely at the hour appointed, and not go away before the Meeting be dissolved ; and he shall follow the directions of the Secretaries in registering all matters, that shall be ordered to be entered, in the respective books of the Society.
II. The Clerk shall not suffer any person, being no Member of the Society, to read any book, record, or other writing, or any part thereof, belonging to the Society ; nor give any copies thereof, nor any way communicate any thing contained therein, to any such person : and in case he shall do contrary thereunto, he shall forfeit his place.
III. The Clerk shall have Sixpence for every page in folio, of thirty lines fairly and closely written, with a margin not exceeding one fourth part of the page ; and according to the same rate for any larger or smaller page : and he shall have Ten pounds by the year for his attendance at Meetings, to be paid quarterly by equal portions.
CHAP. XIII— Of the Printer to the Society.
I. THE office of the Printer shall be to take care for the printing and vending such books, besides catalogues, and such other things, as shall be committed to him by order of the Society or Council ; in the doing of which he shall from time to time observe, and submit unto the directions and orders of the Council, both as to the correctness of the edition, the number of copies to be printed, the form or volume, the goodness of the paper, character, figures and diagrams, as likewise the price at which such books are to be sold ; nor shall he reprint any of the said books, or print them in any translation or epitome, without particular leave from the Council. And if in any of these particulars he shall neglect, or disobey the directions of the Council, he shall either give such
KKCOK1) OF TI1K HOVAL SOCIETY
a.lt. as Mu- Council shall approve, or else be put out ot
U -I'l,. ,1^11 present of every book he prints by order of the
mil, t\\o copies extraordinary well bound, to his Majesty: one
, 1 of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor ; one copy to the President
two copies to the library of the said Society, each of
Kind : and OIK- copy more to each of the Secretaries of the said
CHAP. XIV — Of Operators to the Society.
I. Win N8OJ \ i iu .ind as long as, an Operator to the Society hath any work
• v. he shall do no work for any other person, that may hinder |,j, p ,,f that within the time limited, or requisite to have it finished.
II. An ' - working for the Society, shall use all care and diligence to itch all \\ork for the Society, in as short a time as the same can be so
tid substantially done, as the nature of the thing requireth.
III. I f an v ( )perator shall in any bill or reckoning defraud, or endeavour to
; i< tv, he shall forfeit his place or relation to them thereby. I\ . An Operator >hall have Ten pounds by the year, for his attendance at all tin- ordinary Meetings of the Society, as a constant salary, to be paid |iial portions.
( ' 1 1 A K X V — Of the Common Seal and Deeds.
I. '1'iM Common Seal of the Society shall be kept in an iron chest, having
locks, \\ith three different keys; whereof one shall be in the custody <»f t! nt, the other1 of the Treasurer, and the third of one of the
II. Ever) Deed or writing, to which the common Seal is to be affixed, shall isM-d and sealed in Council, and signed by the President on the fore part
I'd on the back side by the rest of the Members of the
tit.
CHAP. XVI -Of the Boole* of the Society.
'11 be had and kept one Hook, called the Charter-book, wherein
Written the copy of the Charter, all his Majesty's Grants on
the behalf nf the Society, the Obligation and Subscriptions thereto of the
l-Vlliiws of the Society, all the Statutes of the Society, the names and titles of
! the Society with their donations, as also the Register
iety,
l!- ' l11 l)( I ""I and kept a Book, called the Statute-book, wherein
mitten the Charter of the Society ; all the Laws, Statutes, and
'itntions ,,,;ide. ,,,- to be mad,-, concerning the government and regulating
1 Sn in tin- ()ri«rin:il.
ORIGINAL STATITES OF 1663 i-j«»
>f the Society or Council ; as also a duplicate of the Register of the Fellows of the Society.
III. There shall be had and kept Journal-books for the Society, and Council ; wherein shall be entered all the orders and remarkable passages of the Society, and Council, at their respective Meetings.
IV. There shall be had and kept Register-books, wherein shall be fairly written all such observations, histories, and discourses of natural and artificial things, as shall be ordered to be entered ; as also all such philosophical ex- periments, together with the particular accounts of their processes, as shall he ordered to be entered therein.
V. There shall be had and kept a Book of Letters, wherein shall be fairly written all such letters, and extracts of letters, of the Society, or to the Society, or to any Member thereof, concerning philosophical matters, as shall be ordered to be entered.
VI. No Fellow shall give any copy or transcript of any matter contained in the Register-books, or other Books of the Society, to any one that is not a Member thereof; nor communicate the same to any such person to be tran- scribed, without particular leave obtained at a Meeting of the Society ; except the said matter were originally brought in, or communicated by himself.
CHAP. XVII— Of Benefactors.
EVERY Benefactor to the Society, whose gift amounts to the value of Five pounds or more, shall have his name registered in the Catalogue of Benefactors, with the mention of his gift. And every Benefactor, that shall present the Society with any sum of money or gift, to the value of Fifty pounds sterling or more ; or shall procure any advantage, that shall be estimated by the Society to be of the like value ; upon acceptance shall, without election, have the privilege of being present at the Meetings of the Society, and shall not be obliged to payments. And if any of the Fellows of the Society shall present to the same the like gift, or sum of money, he shall not be obliged to payments for the future.
CHAP. XVIII— Of the Death or Recess of any Fellow.
UPON the Death, or the voluntary withdrawing, of any Fellow of the Society, one of the Secretaries shall note such their Death or Recess in the margin of the Register, against their names l ; and the Withdrawing of any Fellow shall be recorded in the Journal-book.
CHAP. XIX— The Form and Causes of Ejection.
I. WHENSOEVER there shall be cause for the Ejection of any Fellow out of the Society, the President shall at some Meeting thereof cancel his name in the Register, and at the same time pronounce him ejected in these words : —
1 So in the Original. K
UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
/ /. diul hi the uuinc of the Royal Society of London for
imp: -iiral knowledge, ihrlnre A. B. to be now ejected, and no longer a
Mich person shall bo recorded in the Journal-book.
II ; ••!lo\\ of the Society shall contemptuously, or contumaciously,
DT Orders of the Society ; or shall by speaking, writing,
. iiblii-ly defame tlie Society; or advisedly, and maliciously, do
to the damage and detriment thereof, he shall be ejected out of the
STATUTES OF 1847
II. STATlTI-> KNACTED IN 1847
CHAP. I — Of the Election and Admission of Fellows.
I. No person shall be proposed, elected, or admitted a Fellow of the Soci< t \ on the day of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.
II. Every Fellow, previously to his proposing a person as a Candidate for election, shall inform him of the Obligation to be subscribed, of the sum to be paid for admission money, and of the payments to be made to the Society, before he can be admitted a Fellow.
III. Every such Candidate shall be proposed and recommended by a certificate in writing signed by six or more Fellows, of whom three at least shall certify their recommendation from personal knowledge. The certificate shall specify the name, rank, profession, qualifications, and usual place of residence of the Candidate ; and being delivered to one of the Secretaries, shall be entered in a book to be kept for the purpose, with the date of delivery and particulars as stated thereon.
IV. Any one of Her Majesty's subjects, who is a Prince of the Blood Royal, or a Peer of the United Kingdom, or one of her Majesty's Privy Council, and any Foreign Sovereign Prince, or the Son of a Sovereign Prince, may, never- theless, be proposed at one of the ordinary Meetings of the Society by any one Fellow, and upon being seconded by another Fellow, may be put to the Vote for Election on the same day, provided public notice of such proposition shall have been given by the proposer at the preceding Meeting of the Society.
V. At the first ordinary Meeting of the Society in March 1848, the names of all Candidates duly proposed after the first day of March 1847, and in subsequent years at the first ordinary Meeting in March, the names of all Candidates proposed subsequently to the first Meeting in March of the preceding year, shall be announced by the Secretary from a list arranged in alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates of the Candidates; and these certificates shall be suspended in the Meeting-room until the day of Election.
VI. In the first week in April, a list shall be printed, containing the names of all the Candidates so announced at the first Meeting in March, arranged in alphabetical order without reference to the dates of the certificates, together with the names of the Fellows by whom each Candidate is proposed and recommended ; and a copy of such list shall immediately thereafter be sent to every Ordinary Fellow.
VII. The Council shall select by ballot from such printed list of Candidates a number not exceeding fifteen, to be recommended to the Society for election ; but no such selection by the Council shall be valid unless eleven Members at least be present and vote, a majority deciding, or in the event of equality the President or his deputy having a casting vote.
K 2
UKtOKI) OF THK ROYAL SOCIETY
VIII At the first ordinary Meeting of the Society in May, the President, or 11 read from "the Chair the names of the Candidates whom the ed as most eligible, arranged in alphabetical order; and king, a circular letter shall be forthwith sent to every Fellow, n;imil :,d hour of election, and enclosing a printed list of the
8, with space tor such alterations as any Fellow may deter- in pursuance of Statute X.
IX. The election of Ordinary Fellows, not included in the privileged classes
Statute IV. of this Chapter, shall take place on the first Thursday
unless the Council shall alter the day of Election to any other day in
onth of June, in which case due notice of such alteration shall be given
Ordinary Fellow.
X On the dav of Kleetion two Scrutators shall be nominated by the
• lent, with the approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in
ining the lists ; and each Fellow present and voting, shall deliver to one
,,f ti nies or Scrutators, one of the printed lists mentioned in
te VIII.. having erased the name of any Candidate or Candidates for
win >m lie does not vote. and. if he shall have thought fit, having substituted
Me<l the name of anv other Candidate or Candidates contained in the
printed list sent in pursuance of Statute VI. of this Chapter.
XI. One of the Secretaries shall take down the names of the Fellows who
. and the Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall
import to the President or his deputy the names of the Candidates who shall
have been duly elected in compliance with the Charters, and the President or
his deputy shall announce those names from the Chair.
X II. Anv ( 'andidate announced at the first ordinary Meeting of the Society
in March, as aforesaid, who shall not have been elected, shall, if his proposers
, continue a Candidate; his name shall be placed in alphabetical
r with those of the new Candidates to be announced in March following,
nee to the date of his Certificate; and his Certificate shall be
nded in the Meeting-room in the same manner as those of the new
XIII. 1-Acry person who is elected a Fellow shall appear for his admission the fourth ordinary Meeting of the Society after his Election, or in Mich further time as shall, for some sufficient cause, be granted by the cil: otherwise his Flection shall be void.
XI\. Tin Admission Of any Follow into the Society shall be at some
, in manner and form following, he having first made the
,mn,l by the Statutes. Immediately after the reading of the
roncluded, he shall subscribe the Obligation in the Charter-
introduee.l to tin- President, who, taking him by the hand, shall
/ tl<>% In/ tin- authority* and in the name, of the Royal Society
*g natural knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.
STATUTES OF m: i ;;
XV. The Election, the payments made previous to admission, and the admission of every person into the Society, with the time thereof, shall I* recorded in the Journal-book.
XVI. No person shall be deemed a Fellow of the Society until he has made the payments required by the Statutes: nor shall he be entitled to vo: any election or Meeting of the Society until he shall have been admitted in the manner and form above specified.
XVII. Persons may be elected into the Society, under the title of Foreign Members, who are neither natives nor inhabitants of Her Majesty "sdomii and shall be exempted from certain obligations which the ordinary Felloe enjoined by the Statutes to perform ; they shall be selected from among men of the greatest eminence for their scientific discoveries and attainments.
XVIII. The Council shall from time to time, as they shall see fit, put in nomination persons for election as Foreign Members, not exceeding, with those already elected, the number of fifty.
XIX. Notice of such nomination shall be immediately forwarded, in writing, to each Member of the Council ; and the opinion of the Council respecting the eligibility of any Candidate, as Foreign Member, shall be taken by ballot at a subsequent Meeting of the Council, which Meeting shall not be held within less than one month after the first nomination of the Candidate ; when, if two-thirds of the Members of the Council present be in favour of the nomination, the Candidate shall be proposed at the next ordinary Meeting of the Society, and shall be put to the vote at the following ordinary Meeting.
CHAP. II — Of the Obligation to be subscribed.
EVERY person elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before his admission, subscribe the Obligation in the following words :
We who have hereunto subscribed, do liereby promise each for himself, that he will endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London, for improving natural knowledge, and to puisue the ends for which the same ica.\ founded ,• that we will be present at the Meetings of the Society, as often as conveniently we can, especially at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extra- ordinary occasions ; and that we will observe the Statutes and Orders of the said Society. Provided, that whensoever any of us shall signify to the President under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free from this Obligation for the future.
And if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, the election of that person shall be void.
CHAP. Ill — Of the Payments to be made by tJie FcUows to the Society.
I. EVERY person elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before he is admitted, pay the sum of ten pounds for Admission-money. And if any such person shall refuse or fail to pay the said sum, he shall not be admitted, and his election
HKr<>KI> OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
In- u>id ; except the slid sum be remitted in whole, or in part, by special
order of the Council.
II , elected a Follow, -hull, besides the Admission money,
further |»av in ad\ance/o?/r pounds per annum, as long as he shall continue a
tlu- Society.
III. All who "ere Fellows of the Society before December the llth, 1834, :v time compound for their annual payments, by paying at once, as hith >um of Forty pounds.
\\ . All uho ha\c. or may become Fellows of the Society after December the llth, 1S:J1. mav at any time compound for their annual payments, by p.ixing at once the sum of Slcty pounds.
\. All uho have become Fellows of 'the Society after December the 11 th, . and who have contributed a Taper, which has been printed in the Philo- //,?, shall have the privilege of compounding for their annual contributions for the sum of Forty pound*.
VI. K\erv Fellow of the Society liable to an annual payment shall bring or
M-ntl the >ame to the Treasurer, or the Assistant Secretary. And if any such
1 el low shall fail to pay the same before the first day of November in each
. his name shall lie suspended in the Public Meeting-room of the Society
•ing in arrear, and shall continue so suspended until the sum due be paid.
And if any such Fellow >hall fail to pay his subscription on or before the
ini; of the Society next preceding St. Andrew's Day, no satisfactory
MI having been assigned to the President and Council for such non-
nt. h»- >hall cease to be a Fellow of the Society. Provided, nevertheless,
that on a solicitation for re-admission being addressed to the President and
Council by an individual so circumstanced, within the space of one year
following St. Andrew's Day, the case of the individual so soliciting shall be
dent from the Chair at one of the ordinary Meetings of the
nd the (jiu >tion of his re-admission be put to the vote at the next
if the Societv.
CHAP. \\--Of the Death or Uccexs of any Fellow.
Death or Kecos of any Fellow of the Society shall be recorded in the )ook of the Society, and the names of such persons announced from ry Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.
CM \ !•. V— Of the Cmtxcx and Form of Fjection.
I :ll(' Society shall contemptuously or contumaciously Orders of the Society or Council ; or shall, by speak-
printing, publicly defame the Society ; or advisedly, maliciously, 'hing to the damage, detriment, or dishonour thereof, iety.
II W! 'U appear to be cause for the ejection of any
STATUTES OF 1847 i:r,
Fellow out of the Society, the subject shall be laid before the Council ; and if a majority of the Council shall, after due deliberation, determine by ballot to propose to the Society the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall in that case, at some ordinary Meeting of the Society, announce from tin- Chair such determination of the Council ; and at the Meeting next after that at which the said announcement has been made, the Society shall proceed to determine the question ; and on its appearing that two-thirds of the Members present have voted for the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall proceed to cancel his name in the Register, and at the same time pronomu c him ejected in these words : —
/ do, by the authority and in the name of the Royal Society of London, for improving natural knowledge, declare A. B. to be now ejected, and no longer a Fellow thereof.
And the Ejection of every such person shall be then recorded in the Journal- book of the Society ; and his name, as ejected, be also read at the next Anniversary Meeting for elections.
CHAP. VI— Of the Election of the Council and Officer*.
I. AT the two ordinary Meetings of the Society, next preceding the day of the Anniversary Election, the President shall give notice of the said Election ; and declare how much it imports the good of the Society, that such persons may be chosen into the Council, as are most likely to attend the Meetings and business of the Council, out of whom there may be made the best choice of a President and other Officers.
II. Every Fellow of the Society, in or near London, or within what was formerly the limit of the three-penny post, and whose residence is known, shall have notice of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers for the year ensuing, by particular summons, which summons shall be sent to the place of residence of such Fellow, a week at the least before the day of Meeting ; and shall be to this effect : —
These are to give notice, that on the day of
the Council and Officers of the ROYAL SOCIETY are to be elected for the year ensuing; at which Election your presence is expected, at of the clock in the precisely.
III. The Council for the ensuing year, out of which shall be chosen the President, Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary, shall consist of eleven Members of the existing Council, and of ten Fellows who are not Members of the existing Council *.
IV. The President and Council shall, previous to the Anniversary Meeting, nominate, by ballot, eleven Members of the existing Council, and also ten Fellows, not Members of the existing Council, whom they recommend to the
1 At present one half of the Members of Council go out by rotation.
,;«; KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
, (ion into the Council tor the ensuing year. The President and
. in like manner, nominate, by ballot, out of the proposed
(•oum.jj, ; i whom they recommend to the Society for election to the
. Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary,
BT.
\ \i : , ordinary Meeting of the Society preceding the Anniversary •HIT. tin names of such persons so recommended for election as Council
the ensuing year, shall be announced from the Chair.
\ I. I,isK \\ith the names of the Fellows recommended by the President ..lll(l ( ;,<! having a blank column opposite for such alterations as any
isli to make, shall be prepared for the use of the Fellows, one re the day of election.
\ II. T\\o Scrutators shall be nominated by the President, with the appro- :i of tlu- Society, to assist the Secretaries in examining the lists.
VIII. K.u-h Fellow voting, shall deliver his list to one of the Secretaries or
(1 the name of each Fellow who shall so deliver in his list, shall be noted by one of the Secretaries.
IX. The Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall t to the Society the names of those having the majority of votes for
composing the Council, and filling the offices of President, Treasurer, Principal j, and Foreign Secretary ; the names of which persons shall then be ••meed from the Chair.
X. For electing any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected by the Society, upon such vacancies as shall happen in the intervals of the Anni\iTs;irv Flections, the summons for such Election, and the proceedings in it, shall be after the same manner as is directed for the Anniversary
IOD.
XI. rpon .my \acancy of the President's place, occurring in the intervals of the Anniversary Elections, the Treasurer, or in his absence one of the
ill caiix- the Council to be summoned for the Election of a new 'lent : and the Council meeting thereupon in the usual place, or any :i or more of them, shall proceed to the said Election, and not separate "titil ' part of them shall have agreed upon a new President.
CHAP, \\l~0f the President.
I. Tin business of the President shall be to preside at all the Meetings, and . of the Society, Council, and Committees; to state and
Pnt ' both in the aHinnathe and negative, according to the sense and
intention of tin Meetings; to call for reports and accounts from Committees,
ari(i t(( '•|"'<-k irregularities, and to keep all persons to order; to
1011 "H v «>f the Council, and Committee of Papers; and to
tion of, the Statutes of the Society. 11 i!I t;>ke precedence of every Fellow of the Society, at
STATUTES OF 1847 1:17
their ordinary place of meeting; and also in all other places, \\lu-re any number of the Fellows meet as a Society, Council, or Committee ; and, being in the Chair, shall be covered, while speaking to or hearing particular \\ :, notwithstanding their being uncovered.
CHAP. VIII — Of tlie Treasurer and his Amnuitx.
I. THE Treasurer, or some person appointed by him, shall receive tor the use of the Society all sums of money due or payable to the Society ; and shall pay and disburse all sums due from or payable by the Society ; and shall keep particular Accounts of all such receipts and payments.
II. Every sum of money payable on account of the Society exceeding Ten Pounds, shall be paid only by order of the Council : but payments for rates or taxes, to any amount, may be made by the Treasurer, without any s|)ecih'c order of the Council for that purpose.
III. All sums of money, which there shall not be present occasion for expend- ing, or otherwise disposing of to the use of the Society, shall be laid out in Midi Government or other securities as shall be approved of and directed by the Council.
IV. The Treasurer shall keep a yearly account of all such Fellows of the Society as pay the sum appointed as the composition in lieu of annual payments ; and also of those who make the annual payments : and in this account shall be noted the times up to which the annual payments have been made, and the arrears due from each Fellow.
V. The Treasurer shall also keep a book of Cheque Receipts for annual pay- ments, each Receipt to be signed by himself, and to be filled up with the name of the Fellow paying, the sum paid, and the time for which payment is made : these Receipts to be undersigned by the person who shall receive the money on the Treasurer's behalf, who, upon the delivery of the Receipt to the Fellow- paying, is to enter upon that part of the Check which is left in the Book, the above particulars, and also the day of payment.
VI. The Treasurer shall demand, or cause to be demanded, all arrears of annual payments, as soon as convenient after the first day of May.
VII. The Accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, a short time preceding the Anniversary Elections, by a Committee consisting of five Members of the Council, of whom the President and the Senior Secretary (or in his absence the Junior) to be two ; and of five Fellows of the Society not Members of the Council, who are to be nominated by the President, with the consent of the major part of the Fellows present, given by ballot at one of the three next preceding weekly Meetings ; any three or more of the said five Members of the Council, whereof the President and one of the Secretaries shall be two, together with any three or more of the said five Fellows, shall be a Quorum of the said Committee : the Members of the said Committee who are of the Council shall make their report to the Council held next after such Audit, on or before the
UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
'on ; juul the Members of the said Committee who are not of the Council shall make the Report to the Society, upon the Meeting next
tion, or on the day of the said Election.
\ I iner shall have the charge of the Title Deeds of the Society's
he Bon<K formerly given by the Fellows,ithe Policies of Insurance, and >
1 \ : after the Audit as may be, and before the Anniversary Meeting,
m r shall cause an Abstract of the Society's Accounts of the pre- printed for the use of the Fellows.
('MAP. IX — Of the Secretaries.
I . i, or either of them, shall have inspection over the Assistant- ; and shall give the Orders and Directions concerning the entering
i all Minutes or matters in the Journal-books of the Society or il, or any other books of the Society; and also concerning any orders or other \\ ri tings for the use and service of the Society.
II. Tin Secretaries shall attend all Meetings of the Society, Council, and Committees of Papers; where, when the President has taken the Chair, the
tv shall read the Minutes, Orders, and entries of the preceding :ng ; and shall afterwards take minutes of the business and orders of the ;it Meeting, to be entered by the Assistant-Secretary in the respective to \\hich thev relate.
III. At t In- Meetings of the Society, the Junior Secretary shall announce the •its made to them since the last Meeting; shall give notice of any
who stands proposed for election into the Society at that Meeting;
the Letters and Papers presented to the Society in the order of
in which they shall have been received, unless the President shall other-
IV ' ' "'-Cither of them, shall draw up all letters to be written
in the name of the Society or Council, (to be read and approved fin- of either respectively,) except, for some particular cause or lome other person be appointed by the Society or Council to Mich letter. They shall likewise have the charge (under the tion nf the Committee of Papers) of printing the Philosophical Trnnmc-
••cling the IV,
\ Th* • ten relating t.) the business of the Society, received during each d and kept in the Apartments of the Society.
• etary for Foreign Correspondence shall be to
f all It-tiers from foreign parts relating to the business of the
irn thanks for presents from Foreigners made to the Society, and
d Foreign Members, the Diplomas certifying their
'•• into the Sorjetv.
STATUTES OF 1817 139
CHAP, \~Ofthe
I. THE person who shall be chosen to the office of A->i-tant-Secretary, shall cither not be a Fellow of the Society; or, if a Fellow, shall cease to be so, upon his Election to, and acceptance of that office.
II. The appointment of a person to the office of Assistant-Sec -rchu -\, shall be by the Council, to whom the officer so appointed shall give security, at the discretion of the Council ; and he shall reside in the Society's House.
III. The Assistant-Secretary shall be paid for his services, according to the determination of the Council ; and shall not, besides such payments, receive any perquisite or profit whatsoever. He shall be further subject to such Rules and Orders as shall from time to time be made or given by the President and Council, besides those annexed to the duty of his office ; and he shall con- stantly be in attendance, during all Meetings of the Society, Council, and Committees.
IV. He shall enter all the Minutes in the several Journal-books, and make an Index to every such book : he shall lay before every Council their fair Minute-book ; and before every Committee of Papers, the Society's Journal- book, to show that the several entries are fairly made : and he shall have the care of the writing of all Summonses of the Society, Council, and Committees.
V. He shall, under the direction of the Secretaries, have the charge and custody of the Charter-book, Statute-book, Journal-books of the Society and Council, Register-books, and Letter-books, as also of all Papers and Writings belonging to the Society ; all which shall be kept in the house of the Society, that they may be in readiness to be produced at any Meetings of the Society or Council, as the case may require, or as shall be ordered by the Society, Council, or President.
VI. He shall not suffer any person, not being a Fellow of the Society, to read any Journal-book, Record, or Writing, or any part thereof, belonging to the Society ; nor give any copy thereof, nor any way communicate anything contained therein, to any such person.
VII. He shall follow the directions which may be given him from time to time by the Treasurer. He shall enter in a Book, to be provided by the Treasurer, all such sums as he may receive on account of the Society at the instant of receiving such sums ; and for these sums, so entered by him, he shall be answerable, until he shall have paid them to the Treasurer.
VIII. He shall attend the Library every day that it is open, from Eleven in the morning to Four in the afternoon, for the accommodation of such Fellows of the Society as shall come to read the printed books or manuscripts, and of any other persons who shall bring a written permission from the President or any other Member of the Council, or who shall be introduced by a Fellow in person.
IX. He shall mark with the stamp of the Society, all books presented to, or bought by, the Society, immediately after their coming into the possession of
140 KKC'OHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
they are laid on the Society's Table; and he shall so adily found.
\ II. -hall recei\e from the Printer all the copies of the Philosophical and deliver out one copy to each Fellow who shall ask, or send
96 of tlu' Society.
XI II, >hall keep a Book, in which shall be entered an Account of the mimlxT of the Trnnxuctumx printed, and also an account of such as are sold; lu- -hall. previous to the Audit, certify the correctness of such account.
CHAP. XI— Of the Meetings of the Society.
I. Tin Stolon of tlu> Society shall commence on the third Thursday in
i her. and end on the third Thursday in June.
II. The ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be weekly, (excepting ( 'liri-tma- week, and the week following, and also Passion, Easter, and Whitsun-
\M-en>ion-day, and also the weeks during which the Anniversary
ing and Annual .Meeting for the election of Fellows are held,) on
Thursdays, and shall begin at half-past Eight o'clock in the Evening, precisely.
III. NO stranger, excepting Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers, and other distinguished pcr>on> specially invited by the President, shall, on any account,
unified to be present during the Meeting, unless by order of the President,
or by lea\e obtained of the Society upon the written recommendation of some
I'ellow before the President takes the Chair ; and the name of every person
rmittfd to be present, and of the Fellow who recommended him, shall be
'1 in the .Journal-book.
1\ . The business of the Society in their ordinary Meetings shall be, to read and hear letter*, reports, and other papers, concerning Philosophical matters *. \ . At. the ordinary Meetings of the Society, nothing relating to its Statutes or management shall be brought forward or discussed2.
\ I. The Anniver>ary Meeting for the election of the Council and Officers, and the Annual Meeting for the election of Fellows, shall take place at an hour mined by the Council.
CHAP. X 1 1 — Of Sficnul General Meetings of the Society.
I 'I'm President or Council may at, any time call a Special General Meeting of the Society \\hen it may appeal' to them to be necessary.
II- ' ! ilo\\> may, by notice in writing, signed by them, and
'lrli cretariefl at an ordinary Meeting of the Society,
:-il (.eneral M.-eting of the Society to be con vened, for the purpose : and determining on the matter specified in such requisition.
•i tlii-r -iilij«Tt> an- now permitted.
• Miril made .January UHtli, 1»:W, this clause is intended to iy -iibject nut immediately connected with the usual busim-ss of
STATt'TES OF 1847 m
III. The Council shall, within one week after such rcqtiMtion shall have been so delivered, appoint a day for a Special General Meeting according. and give one week's notice thereof to each Fellow residing within the limit- of the three-penny post, stating in the notice the object of such Meeting. At such Meeting no business shall be brought forward except what shall have been so notified.
CIIAI-. Xlll—OftJie Publication of Paper* .
I. THE Members of the Council for the time being, shall constitute and be a standing Committee, to whom the consideration of the Publication of such Papers as shall have been read, or communicated to the Society at their weekly Meetings, shall from time to time be referred. This Committee shall meet at such times as shall be appointed by the President; due and sufficient notice of such Meeting having been previously sent to every Member of the Committee.
II. No less numl)er than Seven of the Members of the said Committee (of which number the President, or in his absence a Vice-President, shall always be one,) shall be a Quorum, capable of acting in relation to the said Papers.
III. The majority of the said Committee, present at any Meeting thereof, shall be at liberty to call in to their assistance, at that or any other subsequent Meeting, any other Fellows of the Society, who are knowing and well-skilled in the particular branch of Science to which the Paper under deliberation relates ; and the persons so called in to assist may give their votes on all Papers to be considered at the Meeting at which they shall be desired to assist, in the same manner as if they were Members of the Committee.
IV. At every Meeting of the Committee, their method of proceeding upon the Papers to be considered by them shall be thus : The entry in the Journal-book of the Society, relating to any paper, upon which the opinion of the Committee is to be taken, shall be read ; or, if any Member shall desire it, the paper itself shall be read : after which the question shall be put, whether that paper shall be printed in the Philosophical Transactions, unless the opinion of the majority of the Committee shall be in favour of adjourning the consideration of it to a subsequent Meeting. The question shall always be decided by ballot, and by a majority of votes ; but if there be an equality of votes, the further consideration of the question shall be adjourned to the next Meeting of the Committee, when that question shall be taken into consideration before any other business is entered upon : and if, at the second balloting upon the same question, there be still an equality of votes, it shall be determined in the negative. The decisions of the Committee respecting the printing of Papers in the Philo- sophical Transactions shall be entered in the Minute-book of the Committee.
V. The Philosophical Transactions shall be printed at the sole charge, and for the sole use and benefit, of the Society, and of the Fellows thereof; to the intent that each of the present Fellows, who actually contributes and pay*
14-j KKCOH1) OF THE KOYAL SOCIETY
:<U tlu *upport of tlu- Society, or who has compounded for such contri-
j)U(:c [jug to tlu- rules and orders established in relation thereto, or
\\ho ha- for other particular reasons been exonerated and discharged from sucli
-ihiitioii. In order of the Council, may receive gratis (but under proper
limitation* and restrictions) one copy of such of the Philosophical Transactions
ill he printed a- aforesaid : and that all persons who shall hereafter be
admitted Fellow*, shall, under the same conditions, receive, and be entitled to
the like bone-fit and advantage.
\ I. ( )nce, at least, in every year, a proper portion of the Papers, which have communicated to the Society, and ordered for publication by the Com- mittee, >hall be printed, under the name and title of Philosophical Transactions <>f t he Royal Society of London ; and the time and manner of printing those s >liall be fixed and determined by the Council, as occasion shall require. A number of the copies so printed, sufficient to supply the Fellows of the Jv, shall be delivered to the Assistant Secretary, who shall enter in a book, to be provided for that purpose, the number of copies received by him, for which he shall be accountable to the Council for the time being.
VII. The Assistant Secretary shall deliver gratis, at the Society^ House, one of the said copies to every Fellow of the Society (except as hereinafter excepted) \\ho shall demand the same, either in person, or by letter or other writing under the hand of such Fellow as shall not come in person to make such demand : and the person so receiving a copy of such Philosophical Transactions shall at the same time sign the above-mentioned book, as having received the -aid copy.
\ III. In order that the Fellows may be apprised of the time when it will be
proper for them to come or send for their respective copies, due and timely
shall be given in some one or more of the public newspapers of the day
upon which the Assistant-Secretary will begin to deliver out the said copies,
which day shall be lixed and appointed by the Council.
• \ idcd always that no Fellow whatsoever of the Society shall be entitled to
i \ e any such copy of the Transactions, whose annual contribution
shall be one year in arrear, or whose Election and Payment of Admission fees
and regular Contributions shall not have preceded the date of the time appointed
for the delivery of the said Transactions; neither shall the Executor of any
! e a copy of the Transactions published after the death
How.
0, that no Fellow of the Society shall receive, or be entitled to
recei^ "'!'> "r fop"1* of the Transactions, so printed as aforesaid,
-hall have elapsed fr<)m the time of the Assistant-Secretary's
having begun to deliver out. such copies respectively; but his neglecting to
id them for >o long a time shall be deemed a forfeiture and dereliction of
:ght thereto: imle** the Council for the time being, upon being made
acquainted with the reason of such delay, shall order the same to be so
STATUTES OF 1847 u;j
delivered; such order, however, shall not extend further back than to tin- ln>t five years preceding the date.
IX. If the number of copies so to be printed shall be greater than what \\ ill be requisite to supply each of the Fellows with one copy, such supermm.. copies, as also all such as shall remain in the hands of the Assistant-Secretary after five years shall have elapsed from the time of his having begun to dr!iu -i out such copies respectively, shall be disposed of, at such times, and in MK -h in,- inner, as the Council shall direct.
( ' 1 1 A I-. XI V— Of the Book* and Papers of the Socuty.
I. THKRK shall be had and kept a Book, called the Charter-book, when -in shall be fairly written the copy of the Charters, all the Royal Grants on the behalf of the Society, and the Obligation to be subscribed by the Frllow* of the Society in their own handwriting.
II. There shall be kept a Book, called the Statute-book, wherein >hall be fairly written all the Laws, Statutes, and Constitutions made, or to IKJ made*, concerning the government and regulating of the Society or Council ; and also a Register of the Fellows of the Society, with the times of their Election and Admission.
III. There shall be kept Journal-books of the Society, and also of the Council, wherein shall be entered all the Minutes, Orders, and business of the Society and Council at their respective Meetings ; to which Journal-books any Fellow may have access at such times as the Library is open.
IV. The original copy of every Paper read at the Society shall be considered the property of the Society, if there be no previous engagement with its Author to the contrary ; but any Author may have a copy of his own Papers by leave of the Council.
V. All the Papers read at the Society in the course of each year, and not withdrawn by leave of the Council, shall be delivered to the Committee of Papers ; and shall be preserved for future inspection ; and shall never be lent out of the Society's House without Order of the Council.
VI. The Library shall be open to the Fellows every day, Sundays excepted, from Eleven in the morning till Four in the afternoon ; excepting on Good Friday, and during Easter, Whitsun and Christmas weeks, when it shall be closed.
VII. Any Fellow may have the loan of any of the printed Books of the Society, excepting such as the Council shall order not to be taken out of the Library, by giving his note for the due return of them in the condition in which he received them ; but he shall not be allowed to have in his possession more than four volumes at a time. The loan of Manuscripts is exclusively vested in the President and Council.
VIII. A List of all Books and Manuscripts borrowed from the Library of the Royal Society, and of the Fellows of the Society to whom they are lent, shall be kept in the Library.
1U KIA01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
I\. All Hooks wiiats,H-\er belonging to the Society shall be returned at a
,1 In tlu- Council, in each year; and the Library shall be
one month after such time, or for such shorter periods as the Council
\aliu- of Mich Hooks in the possession of any Fellow as are not i hi arv pursuant to the preceding Statute, shall be required to IK- paid In the person who has so detained them.
CUM-. \\-Oft1tc Common Seal and Deeds.
I. M>. >n Seal of the Society shall be kept in an iron chest, having rh three ditVerent keys; whereof one shall be in the custody of
the President, another of the Treasurer, and the third of the Senior Secretary.
II. Deed, or writing, to which the Common Seal is to be affixed, shall d and Mailed in Council, and signed by the President on the
the label, and signed on the back by the rest of the Members of • ineil present.
CUM-. XVI — Of the making and repealing of Laws.
I. I-'oi: the making of any Law or Statute of the Royal Society, the draught •of shall !>e read in Council, and put to the vote, on two several days of
their Meeting. The lir.st day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to
this effect. \ i/. • Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall
t another Meeting?1 The second day the question shall be to this
• Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall
. or not '^
II. I '"i t he repealing of any Law or Statute, or any part thereof, the Repeal shall IK- proposed and voted in Council on two several days of their Meeting. The first day the question to be resolved by Ballot shall be to this effect, \'r/.. • Win-tiler the Repeal of such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be proposed
other Meeting?" The >econd day the question shall be to this effect, vi/.
•Whether such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be repealed, or not?1
And in c ax- the >aid Repeal be agreed unto, the same shall be recorded
in the Journal-Look of the Council; and the Statute, or part of the Statute,
d. shall be cancelled in the Statute-book.
From a portrui'
• I
>»>k.
IY\H XI
1 i I : S.I A M I .N Fit A X KM X
From a portrait by Joseph Wright, in the rooms of the Royal Society
145
III. STATUTES OF 1905, NOW (1912) IN FORCE
CHAP. I — Of the Election and Admission of Fell
I. No person shall be proposed, elected, or admitted a Fellow of the Society on the day of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.
II. Every Fellow, previously to his proposing a person as a Candidate for Election, shall inform him of the Obligation to be subscribed, of the sum to be paid for admission money, and of the payments to be made to the Society, before he can be admitted a Fellow.
III. Every such Candidate shall be proposed and recommended by a certi- Certificate of ficate in writing signed by six or more Fellows, of whom three at least shall Candidature- certify their recommendation from personal knowledge. The certificate shall
specify the name, rank, profession, qualifications, and usual place of residence of the Candidate ; and being delivered to one of the Secretaries, or to the Assistant Secretary, shall be registered, with the date of delivery, in a book to be kept for the purpose, and read at the next ordinary meeting ; and, unless otherwise ordered, shall be suspended in some convenient place in the apart- ments of the Society until the day of election.
IV. At the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society in January, the names of Names of all Candidates proposed prior to the first day of that month, and subsequently ^£eldates to the last announcement of the names of Candidates, and also the names of announced those Candidates whose certificates have been resuspended as hereinafter pro- In vided, shall be announced by one of the Secretaries from a list arranged in alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates of the Candidates ; and these certificates shall remain suspended until the day of Election.
V. In the first week in February, a list shall be printed, containing the List of names of all the Candidates so announced at the first Meeting in January, arranged in alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates, together with the names of the Fellows by whom each Candidate is proposed
and recommended ; and a copy of such list shall immediately thereafter be sent to every Ordinary Fellow.
VI. The Council shall select by ballot from such printed list of Candidates Selection by a number not exceeding fifteen, to be recommended to the Society for Election ;
but no such selection by the Council shall be valid unless eleven Members at least be present and vote, a majority deciding, or in the event of equality the President having a second or casting vote.
VII. At the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society in March, the President Selected shall read from the Chair the names of the Candidates whom the Council have selected as most eligible, arranged in alphabetical order ; and after such Fellows.
IK; HKrOKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
I circular letter shall be forthwith sent to every Fellow, naming the Election, and enclosing a printed list of the selected Candi- ,,r >uch alterations as any Fellow may determine to make in -tatute IX of this Chapter.
Date of Mil. The election of Ordinary Fellows not included in the privileged
! to in Statutes XII and XIII of this Chapter, shall take place Uirtdayof May : unless the Council shall alter the day of Election her day in the month of May, in which case due notice of such altera- tion >hall be given to every Ordinary Fellow. •
IX. On the day of Election two Scrutators shall be nominated by the •, nt, with the approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in
iining tin- li>ts; and each Fellow present and voting, shall deliver to one i.f the Secretaries or Scrutators one of the printed lists mentioned in Statute VII of this Chapter, having erased the name of any Candidate or Candidates for whom lie does not vote, and, if he shall have thought fit, having substituted
:ded the name of any other Candidate or Candidates contained in the printed list sent in pursuance of Statute V of this Chapter.
X. One of the Secretaries shall take down the names of the Fellows who . and the Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall
ivport to the President the names of the Candidates who shall have been duly elected in compliance with the Charters, and the President shall announce those name> from the Chair.
XI. Any Candidate whose name shall have been printed in a previous list
, but who shall not have been elected, shall, if his proposers, or
one of them, so request in writing, before the 31st December immediately
ding an election, l)e a Candidate at such election ; his name shall be placed
in alphabetical order with those of the new Candidates to be announced in
i.-irv following, and his certificate shall be suspended along with those of
the new Candidates. Provided always that the same certificate shall not be
\alid for more than five years from the date thereof. Any additional qualifi-
; a Candidate may be set forth in a supplementary certificate to be
ned by not fewer than six Fellows.
XII. Any one of His Majesty's subjects who is a Prince of the Blood Royal In- proposed at one of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society by any Fellow, may be put to the vote for Election on the same day, provided public
Mich proposition shall have been given by the proposer at the pre- \I'-«-ling of the Society.
' XML I" c.'^es in which the Council is of opinion that, in the interests of the
Natural Knowledge, it is desirable that persons be elected ••f the Society otherwise than as provided by Statutes III to XII of tl" ' Miey may, once in every two years, recommend to the Society for
'•lotion ' Mian two persons, who, in their opinion, either have rendered
pinions service to the < ( ience, or are such that their election would
THE STATUTES OF 1905 I 17
be of signal benefit to the Society. The persons so recommended shall be selected by the Council by ballot, in accordance with the procedure established by Standing Orders of Council. Provided always that no person shall be so recommended unless he obtains two- thirds of the votes of the whole Council.
At the Ordinary Meeting of the Society next following the Meeting of Council at which such selection is made, the person or persons nominated shall be proposed for election by means of a certificate prepared in accordance with Statute III of this Chapter, no distinction, however, being made between per- sonal and general knowledge, and the ground on which the Candidate has been nominated by the Council, that is to say, whether as having rendered conspi- cuous service to the cause of science, or as such that his election would be of signal benefit to the Society, being alone stated as the qualification. Such certificate, on being allowed by the Society, shall be suspended in some con- venient place in the apartments of the Society until the day on which a ballot is taken upon it. The date for the ballot, which shall not be earlier than the third Ordinary Meeting after that at which the certificate is read, shall be announced at the head of the certificate.
XIV. Every person who is elected a Fellow shall appear for his admission Admission, on or before the fourth Ordinary Meeting of the Society after the day of his Election, or within such further time as shall, for some sufficient cause, be granted by the Council ; otherwise his election shall be void.
XV. The admission of any Fellow into the Society shall be at some Ordinary Meeting, in manner and form following, he having first made the payments required by the Statutes. Immediately after the reading of the Minutes has been concluded, he shall subscribe the Obligation in the Charter-book, and be introduced to the President, who, taking him by the hand, shall say these words : I do, by the authority and in the name of the Royal Society of London,
for Improving Natural Knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.
XVI. The Election, the payments made previous to admission, and the Admission Admission of every person into the Society, with the time thereof, shall be ^corded* recorded in the Journal-book.
XVII. No person shall be deemed a Fellow of the Society until he has made the payments required by the Statutes : nor shall he be entitled to vote at any Election or Meeting of the Society until he shall have been admitted in the manner and form above specified.
XVIII. Persons may be elected into the Society, under the title of Foreign Foreign Members, who are neither natives nor inhabitants of His Majesty's dominions,
and shall be exempted from the operation of Chapters II and III of these Statutes ; they shall be selected from among men of the greatest eminence for their scientific discoveries and attainments.
XIX. The Council shall from time to time, as they shall see fit, put in Procedure nomination persons for Election as Foreign Members, not exceeding, with JfForeign those already elected, the number of fifty. Members.
L2
148 KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
XX. A hook .shall IK.- kept in which Fellows of the Society may enter the
tho-e iiuii of science whom they suggest as Foreign Members; each entry shall he >ium<l hv the proposer and be accompanied by a statement of the principal grounds on which the suggestion is made, and shall be valid for tin-. ' ily.
XXI. When vacancies in the list of Foreign Members are to be filled up, u
persona M> entered shall be sent to each Member of the Council,
together with notice- of the Meeting at which the list will be considered. At
Meeting thus appointed further entries may be made, and the claims of
those men of science whose names have been duly entered in the book shall be
il a selection of names shall be made, from among which the
Council, at a subsequent Meeting to be then appointed, may make nominations
to the Society.
XXII. At the >econ<l Meeting the selection of Candidates to be so nomi- I tor Foreign Membership shall be by ballot; when, if two-thirds of the
Members of the Council present be in favour of the nomination of any Candi- . his name shall he proposed at the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society, and shall he put to the vote by ballot at the following Ordinary Meeting.
CHAT. II — Of the Obligation to be Subscribed.
F\ i K v IKTSOII elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before his admission, sub- he the Obligation in the following words: —
HY whn litiir hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise each for himself , that we
,11 endeavour t<> promote the good of the Royal Society of London, for
/nijjfor/n^- Xatural Knowledge^ and to pursue the ends for which the same was
<1cd • that we ic ill he present at the Meetings of the Society, as often as
m, cxjiee'inUy at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extra-
ordi/nir// nernsitmji ; tind that ice will observe the Statutes and Orders of the said
,-ided, thnt whensoever any of us shall signify to the President
under lii.s hand, thnt he dcxireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free
i tills Obligation Jvr the future.
<1 if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, the ion of thai person shall he void.
Cn.\i. Ill Of the J'iu/im-nt.\ to be made by the Fellows to the Society. Anm.,-,1 I. raon elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before he is admitted,
// /mum/A' for admission money, the sum of four pounds for
of his election, and the same sum annually in advance so long as he
shall continue a Fellow of the Society. And if any such person shall refuse
1 to p.-iy the sud Minis, he shall not be admitted, and his Election shall
• id sums be remitted in whole, or in part, by special
the Council. Provided always that, except in the case of Fellows
tuttt XII and XIII of Chapter I, the admission fee of each
THE STATUTES OF 190.,
Bellow shall be paid out of the Fee Reduction Fund, .m<l shall not be demanded of the Fellow ; and that, except in the case of Fellows elected under Statutes XII and XIII of Chapter I, Fellows elected before llth July, 1902, by reason of their being Members of the Privy Council, and Fellows elected before January, 1879, one pound of the annual contribution shall be paid out of the Fee Reduction Fund.
II. All who have or may become Fellows of the Society may at any time Life Compo- compound for their annual payments, by paying at once the sum of sixty Sltion8'
III. All Annual Contributions shall be considered to be due on the 25th Annual Con- day of March in each year. Every Fellow of the Society liable to an Annual Payment shall, previously to the 25th day of March in every year, bring or send 25th. the same to the Treasurer or the Assistant Secretary. And if any such Fellow, after notice sent by post to his usual address, in May, and again in September, shall fail to pay the same before the first day of October in each year, his name shall be suspended in the public Meeting-room of the Society as being in arrear, and shall continue so suspended until the sum due be paid. And if Conse- any such Fellow shall fail to pay his subscription on or before the first day of November in each year, no satisfactory reason having been assigned to the raent- President and Council for such non-payment, he shall cease to be a Fellow of the Society. Provided, nevertheless, that on a solicitation for readmission being addressed to the President and Council by an individual so circumstanced, within the space of one year following St. Andrew"^ Day, the case of the individual so soliciting shall be stated by the President from the Chair, at one of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society, and the question of his readmission be put to the vote at the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society.
CHAP. IV— Of the Death or Recess of Fellows.
I. THE Death or Recess of any Fellow of the Society shall be forthwith Record of recorded in the Register of Fellows, and the names thus recorded shall be D announced from the Chair at the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.
CHAP. V — Of the Causes and Form of Ejection.
I. IF any Fellow of the Society shall contemptuously or contumaciously Grounds for disobey the Statutes or Orders of the Society or Council ; or shall, by speaking, writing, or printing, publicly defame the Society ; or advisedly, maliciously,
or dishonestly do anything to the damage, detriment, or dishonour thereof, he shall be ejected out of the Society.
II. Whensoever there shall appear to be cause for the ejection of any Procedure in Fellow out of the Society, the subject shall be laid before the Council ; and i
a majority of the Council shall, after due deliberation, determine by ballot to propose to the Society the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall in
1.50 KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
that cast-, at some Ordinary Meeting of the Society, announce from the Chair
„, of the" Council; and at the Ordinary Meeting next after
aid announcement has been made, the Society shall proceed
tin- question: and on its appearing that two-thirds of the
,,t have voted for the ejection of the said Fellow, the President
to cam-el his name in the Register, and at the same time
iiounce him ejected in these words: —
/ do, hi/ the 'authority and 'in the name of the Royal Society of London, /nipnrcintf -Vf//«/Y// Knowledge, declare A.B. to be now ejected, and no lunger « /-\'llmc thereof.
And the ejection of every such person shall be then recorded in the Journal- book of the Society; and his name, ,as ejected, be also read at the next Meeting for Elections.
. ,, \\-Of the Election of the Council and Officers.
c of I. AT the two Ordinary Meetings of the Society next preceding the day of
', tlu- Anniversarv Election, the President shall give notice of the said Election ;
and declare how much it imports the good of the Society, that such persons
mav be chosen into the Council, as are most likely to attend the Meetings and
ness of the Council, out of whom there may be made the best choice of a
President and other Officers.
II. E\crv 1'ellow of the Society resident in the United Kingdom shall have
the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers for the in^, by particular summons, which summons shall be sent to the ran <>f such Fellow, a week at the least before the day of Meeting, and ! be to this effect : T7if.sc arc tn gl\r notice, that on the day of
the Council and Officers of the ROYAL SOCIETY are to be elected for the *>iin»- .- tit iJtlch Election your presence is expected, at of the (h><k 'm tin- precise/)/.
III. The Council for the ensuing year, out of which shall be chosen the !' i . ! asinvr, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary, shall consist
Member* of the existing Council, and of ten Fellows who are not M. mb«Ts of the existing Council.
I\ . 'II I and Council shall, previous to the Anniversary Meeting,
nun lullot. eleven Members of the existing Council, and also ten
\lrnibe is of the existing Council, whom they recommend to the
.n into the Council for the ensuing year. The President
ncil >h;dl also, in like manner, nominate by ballot, out of the proposed
•icil, the [ liom they recommend to the Society for election to the
ident. Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary for
the -
\ .At the Ordinary Meeting of the Society preceding the Anniversary
THE STATUTES OF 1905 151
Meeting, the names of such persons so recommended for election as Council and Officers for the ensuing year shall be announced from the Chair.
VI. Lists, with the names of the Fellows recommended by the President Balloting and Council, and having a blank column opposite for such alterations as any Fellow may wish to make, shall be prepared for the use of the Fellows one
week before the day of Election.
VII. Two Scrutators shall be nominated by the President, with the Scrutators. approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in examining the lists.
VIII. Each Fellow voting shall deliver his list to one of the Secretaries or Mode of Scrutators ; and the name of each Fellow who shall so deliver in his list shall Voting. be noted by one of the Secretaries.
IX. The Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall report to the Society the names of those having the majority of votes for composing the Council, and filling the offices of President, Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary ; the names of which persons shall then be announced from the Chair.
X. For electing any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected by Elections to the Society, upon such vacancies as shall happen in the intervals of the Anniversary Elections, the summons for such Election, and the proceedings in
it, shall be after the same manner as is directed for the Anniversary Election.
XI. Upon any vacancy of the President's place, occurring in the intervals of the Anniversary Elections, the Treasurer, or, in his absence, one of the Secretaries, shall cause the Council to be summoned for the Election of a new President : and the Council, meeting thereupon in the usual place, or any eleven or more of them, shall proceed to the said Election, and not separate until the major part of them shall have agreed upon a new President.
CHAP. VII— Of the President.
I. THE business of the President shall be to preside at all the meetings, and Business of regulate all the debates, of the Society, Council, and Committees ; to state dent^81 and put questions both in the affirmative and negative, according to the sense
and intention of the meetings; to call for reports and accounts from Committees, and others; to check irregularities, and to keep all persons to order ; to summon all Meetings of the Council, and Committee of Papers ; and to execute, or see to the execution of, the Statutes of the Society.
II. The President shall take precedence of every Fellow of the Society, at Precedence their ordinary place of meeting ; and also in all other places, where any president number of the Fellows meet as a Society, Council, or Committee.
III. The President shall annually appoint two or more Members of Council Vice- to be Vice-Presidents. In the absence of the President, one of the Vice- Presidents shall act as his deputy, and may do the same acts as the President himself could do if present ; provided always that the Council may appoint any Fellow to be Chairman of any Committee other than the Committee of
i.VJ HFAOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Investmrnt
,1 in the absence of tin.- President, such Fellow shall act as Chairman
ii Comini-
CHAP. VIII — Of the Treasurer and Ins Accounts.
I. t Mirer, or some person appointed by him, with the approval of • ouncil, shall receive for the use of the Society all sums of money due
e to the Society; and shall pay and disburse all sums due from or '••U- hv the Society; and shall keep particular Accounts of all such its and payments.
II. in of money, payable on account of the Society, exceeding Ten Tounds, shall he paid only by order of the Council; but payments for rates or
-. to any amount, may be made b,y the Treasurer, without any specific order of the Council for that purpose.
III. All MUMS of money, which there shall not be present occasion for •iding or otherwise disposing of to the use of the Society, shall be laid out
in Mich Government or other securities as shall be approved of and directed by the Council.
IV. The Accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, a short time preceding the Anniversary Elections, by a Committee consisting of three Mcml>ers of the Council, of whom the President or one of the Secretaries to be
and of three Fellows of the Society not Members of the Council, who are to he nominated by the President, with the consent of the major part of the Fellows present, Lpven by ballot at one of the three next preceding weekly meeting ; any one or more of the said three Members of the Council, together with any one or more of the said three Fellows, shall be a Quorum of the said Committee: the Members of the said Committee who are of the Council shall make their Report to the Council held next after such audit, on or before the .\nni\ersary Election ; and the Members of the said Committee who are not of the Council shall make their Report to the Society, upon the Meeting next
e the Anniversary Election, or on the day of the said Election.
V. As .soon after the Audit as may be, and before the Anniversary Meeting, '!»• '1 -ball OHM an abstract of the Society's Accounts of the preceding
< printed for the use of the Fellows.
\ !• Th. ' ^ball have the charge of the Title Deeds of the Society's
:ie Policies of Insurance, and Securities, and shall have the general x'iety's property.
CHAP. IX — Of the Two Secretaries.
I tttriet shall be responsible to the Council for the general
'l correspondence, publications, and all other business,
» which ivlate> to finance.
II ()I1(> <>f them, shall attend all meetings of the Society, nd Committee of Papers; where, when the President has taken the
TIIK STATl TKS OF 11)05 m
Chair, one of the Secretaries shall read the minute^, orders, and entries ol tin- preceding meeting ; and shall be responsible for the accuracy of the ininuti the business and orders of the present meeting, to be entered by the Assistant Secretary in the respective books to which they relate.
CHAT. X — Of the Foreign, Secretary.
I. THE duty of the Secretary for Foreign Correspondence shall be to conduct Duties of the correspondence with foreign parts, relating to the business of the Society, to return thanks for presents from foreigners made to the Society, and to forward to persons elected Foreign Members the Diplomas certifying their election into the Society.
CHAP. XI — Of tlie Assistant Secretary.
I. THE appointment of a person to the office of Assistant Secretary shall be Appointment by the Council, to whom the Officer so appointed shall give security, at the ^ssiSant discretion of the Council ; and he shall hold office during the pleasure of the Secretary. Council.
II. The person who shall be chosen to the office of Assistant Secretary, shall Assistant
either not be a Fellow of the Society or, if a Fellow, shall cease to be so ujxm a' r
his appointment to, and acceptance of that office.
III. The Assistant Secretary shall be paid for his services according to the Payment of determination of the Council. He shall be subject to such Standing Orders as secretary^ shall be made, and shall follow such directions as may be given by the Presi-
dent and Council. He shall give all his time to the work of the Society, and shall attend in the Office of the Society as prescribed by such Standing Orders.
IV. The Assistant Secretary shall act under the general direction of the Secretaries, and in their absence shall represent them.
He shall also act on the directions which may be given him from time to time by the Treasurer in that part of his duties which relates to the finances of the Society.
V. Subject to such Standing Orders and directions as aforesaid, the Assistant Duties of the Secretary shall be charged with (1) the general administrative business of the Secretary. Society : (2) the control of the Offices and library and of all persons therein employed, and the arrangement of the office work : (3) the conduct of the
general correspondence.
It shall be his duty, except on such special occasions as may be specified by Standing Orders, or as may be determined by the President, to attend all meetings of the Council and Committees and take the minutes thereof, which minutes he shall submit to the Secretaries for their revision or approval.
VI. He shall, subject as aforesaid, have the charge and custody of the Charter- book, Statute-book, Journal-books of the Society and Council, Register-books, Manuscripts, and Archives belonging to the Society ; all which shall, except in such cases as the Council shall otherwise order, be kept in the House of the
154 KKCOU1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
\. that they may he in readiness to be produced at any meetings of the the case may require, or as shall be ordered by the Council or President.
\ II. Ho shall also, subject as aforesaid, have the charge and custody of the pajHi-s and writings relating to the business of the Society, and shall not suffer tl,t.m to ! d from the House of the Society without the sanction of the
s
Mr'.-t.ML'.
Mrrt
l.ltlOII Of
CHAP. Ull— Of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society.
I. Tin Se.ssion of the Society shall commence on the first Thursday in :nber. and end on the last Thursday in June.
II. Tho Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be. on Thursdays weekly ;>ting Christmas, Passion, and Easter weeks, and such other weeks at ^tmas and Master, in each year, as the Council may in the preceding year mine) and shall begin at half-past Four o'clock in the Afternoon precisely.
III. No stranger shall be permitted to be present during the Meeting, unless Itv invitation of the President, or by his leave or order upon the recommenda- tion of some Fellow.
I \ . The business of the Society in their Ordinary Meetings shall be to order, lake account, consider, and discourse of philosophical experiments and obser- \atioi is ; to read, hear, and discourse upon letters, reports, and other papers containing philosophical matters ; as also to view, and discourse upon, rarities of nature and art : and thereupon to consider, what may be deduced from them, or :m\ of them ; and how far they, or any of them, may be improved for use or discovery.1
\ At the meetings of the Society, Lists of the Presents made from time to
I inio to tin Society shall be laid on the Table, by one of the Secretaries, for
the inspection of the Follows; and the thanks of the Society to the Donors
shall he proposed from the Chair previously to the reading of the first Paper.
retaries. shall give notice of any Candidate who stands proposed
!'-ol ion into the Society at that Meeting; and the Secretaries shall read
P i presented to the Society, in such manner as the President
shall <lii<
\ I. No letter, report, or other paper shall be read at any Ordinary Meeting
• mnnmicated by a Fellow or Foreign Member; and it shall be
the duty of each IVllou or Foreign Member to satisfy himself that any letter,
t. or other pajM-r which he may communicate, is suitable to be read
\ II. The eonduet of the Ordinary Meetings shall be in accordance with the :< term incd from time to time by the President and Council, provided always that at the Ordinary Meetings nothing relating to Statutes 1 of the Society shall he brought forward or discussed.
1 This i, tin- uunlinu- ()f thr Statute- :H -rivon in the Statutes of 1663.
THE STATUTES OF 1905 155
CHAP. XIII— Of Special General Meetings of the Society.
I. THE Anniversary Meeting for the election of the Council and Officers, Anniversary and the Annual Meeting for the election of Fellows, shall take place at an Meeting, hour to be determined by the Council.
II. The President or Council may at any time call a Special General Meet- Special ing of the Society when it may appear to them to be necessary. Vi«'< tm'^
III. Any six Fellows may, by notice in writing, signed by them, and delivered to one of the Secretaries at an Ordinary Meeting of the Society, require a Special General Meeting of the Society to be convened, for the pur- pose of considering and determining on the matters specified in such requisition, and the President shall, within one week after such requisition shall have been so delivered, appoint a day for a Special General Meeting accordingly.
IV. One week's notice of any Special General Meeting shall be given to each Fellow resident in the United Kingdom, and such notice shall state the object of such Meeting.
V. At such Meeting no business shall be brought forward except what shall have been so notified.
CHAP. XIV— Of the Publication of Papers.
I. THE Members of the Council for the time being shall constitute and be Committee a standing Committee, to be called the Committee of Papers, to whom the "ap61"8- consideration of the acceptance, reading, and publication of all papers com- municated to the Society shall be referred, and who shall execute their powers
in accordance with Standing Orders determined from time to time by the President and Council. The Committee of Papers shall meet at such times as shall be appointed by the President ; due and sufficient notice of such meeting having been previously sent to every Member of the Committee.
II. At a meeting of the said Committee no less number than seven of the Quorum. Members (of which number the President, or, in his absence, a Vice-President,
shall always be one) shall be a quorum.
III. The decisions of the Committee of Papers shall be determined by the Voting, majority of votes of those present and voting, and the voting shall be open, unless the President shall direct that the voting shall be by ballot. In case
of an equality of votes, the President shall have a second or casting vote.
The decisions of the Committee shall be .duly entered in the Minute-book of the Committee.
IV. The publication of papers communicated to the Society, and of such Form of other matters as the President and Council may judge fit to publish, shall take Pl place under Standing Orders determined from time to time by the President
and Council, but always in such a way that a proper portion of them shall from time to time be printed and published under the title of the * Philosophi- cal Transactions of the Royal Society of London,' and another proper portion under the title of the * Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,"1 provided
KFA01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
thai tin- President and Council shall have power to publish either papei^ or other matter in Mich form and under such conditions as they may
n tinu- to time determine.
,ws \ The /'/,,7mvy;// /W Tnnmiclion* and the Proceedings shall be printed at
get and for tin- use and benefit, of the Society, and of the Fellows
be intent that each of the present Fellows, who actually contri-
i payi towards tin- support of the Society, or who has compounded
H h contribution, according to the rules and orders established in relation
Ot who lias to rot her particular reasons been exonerated and discharged
sueh contribution by order of the Council, may receive gratis, under
.i limitations, one copy of such of the Philosophical Transactions, and of
shall be printed as aforesaid ; and that all persons who shall
1,,-r, Emitted Fellows shall, under the same conditions, receive, and be
entitled to. the like- benefit and advantage.
\ I. 'I'll. Assistant. Secretary shall deliver gratis one of the said copies of the '/'<>//.v to e\erv Fellow of the Society (except as hereinafter excepted) \\ho shall demand the same, either in person, or by letter.
Provided always, that no Fellow whatsoever of the Society shall be entitled to demand or receive any such copy of the Transactions, whose election and payment of Admission fees and regular Contributions shall not have preceded date of the time appointed for the delivery of the said Transactions; neither shall the Kxecutor of any deceased Fellow receive a copy of the Trans- tn'thiis published after the death of such Fellow.
: Pro\idcd also, that no Fellow of the Society shall receive, or be entitled to
gntftf, an\ copy or copies of the Transactions, so printed as aforesaid,
ii- >hall have elapsed from the time of the Assistant Secretary's
ing begun to deliver out such copies respectively; but his neglecting to
did them for so long a time shall be deemed a forfeiture and dereliction of
liis right thereto: unless the Council for the time being, upon being made
Minted with the reason of such delay, and having regard to the circum-
• s of the application, and the amount of stock in hand, shall order such
M the\ mav think fit to be so delivered.
\ II. The Assist.-mt Secretary shall further cause to be distributed gratis to all the Fellows of the Society, by post or otherwise, copies of the Proceedings \enient after their appearance.
if. \\ Of the Honk* and Papers of the Society.
I- '• ''I !><• had and kept a Hook, called the Charter-book, wherein
shall h.- f.>irly written the copy of the Charters, all the Royal Grants on the
.If of the Sorietx. and the Obligation to be subscribed by the Fellows of
'•ty in their own hand-writing.
II. There shall be kept a Hook, called the Statute-book, wherein shall be fairly written, ,,,- printed, all the I/.ws, Statutes, and Constitutions made, or
THE STATUTES OF i !><)., l ,7
to be made, concerning the government and regulating of the Society or
Council ; and also a Register of the Fellows of the Society, with the times of Roister of
their Election and Admission.
III. There shall be kept Journal-boohs of the Society, and also of tin- ( Ouiu il, Journal- wherein shall be entered all the minutes, orders, and business of the Society
and Council at their respective meetings ; to which Journal-books any Fellow may have access at such times as the Library is open.
IV. A Book shall be kept, in which the title of each communication Register of received, the date of its reception at the apartments of the Society, and the
name of the Fellow or Foreign Member who communicates it, shall be duly entered in the order of its reception.
V. The original copy of every Paper received at the Society shall be Papers corn- considered the property of the Society, if there be no previous engagement m
with its author to the contrary ; but any author may withdraw a paper, Withdrawal
provided it has not yet been read, or may, by leave of the Council, have a °
copy of his paper ; and it shall be in the power of the Council, if they think
fit, to return to any author such drawings or other illustrations accompanying
any paper communicated by him or on his behalf, which he may ask in writing
to be returned to him. All the Papers not withdrawn shall be delivered to
the Committee of Papers.
CHAP. XVI— Of the Archives of the Society.
I. THE scientific and historical manuscript collections of the Society, Manuscripts, including the collections of engravings, and also confidential reports relating
to papers submitted to the Society, shall be preserved in the Archives, and catalogued so as to be available to duly authorised persons for consultation and study. The manuscripts of all papers read before the Society, of which the publication has been deferred, shall be preserved in the Archives.
II. A catalogue of the manuscripts in the Archives shall be available for Catalogue, reference at the rooms of the Society ; and permission may be granted by the Council or Officers of the Society to Fellows or to any person duly introduced
by a Fellow, to consult and examine specified manuscripts not of a confidential character.
III. No manuscript deposited in the Archives shall be removed from the Manuscripts rooms of the Society without permission of the Council, on security given for "^ovetf. its safe custody and return.
CHAP. XVII— Of the Library.
I. THE Library shall be open to the Fellows on such days, and at such Library hours, and subject to such regulations, as the Council may from time to time determine by Standing Orders.
UFA OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Bed,
S«M! i n^
in-ikr and
•\\f or
CHAP. \\III-Ofthe Common Seal and Deeds.
I. Tm Common Seal of the Society shall be kept in a box, the key of which >h.-ill l>e kept in a -ealed packet. AYhen the Common Seal has to be used, this packet -hall In- opened by tin- President in Council ; and at the Council meet- ing at which it is so opened, the Common Seal having been replaced in the box,
>rked. tin- key shall again be enclosed in a packet, which shall be sealed \>\ the President with his private seal. The box and sealed packet shall IM kept at the Society's Apartments in an iron safe.
II. )< ed or writing, to which the Common Seal is to be affixed, -lull be passi-d and sealed in Council.
CHAP, XIX— Of the Restraint of Dividends to Fellows. I. Tm Society shall not, and by its laws may not, make any Dividend, Division, or Bonus in Money unto or between any of its Members.
CHAP. \\~Ofthe Standing Orders of the Society.
I Tm Council may from time to time make Standing Orders for the regu- <>f the affairs of the Society, provided that such Standing Orders be not contrary to anything contained in the Charters or Statutes of the Society. Such Standing Orders may be made, amended or repealed at any meeting of the Council, provided that notice of any proposed new Standing Order, amend- ment or repeal has been given at the preceding Council. Such notice shall specify the proposed new Standing Order, amendment or repeal.
\r. XXI — Of the Milking, Amending, and Repealing of Laws. I. I'm; the making of any new Statute of the Society or for the amendment
pral of any Statute or any part thereof, notice of the proposed new
mcndment or repeal shall be given at a meeting of the Council, and
Mich not ice shall specify the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal. The
Council shall thereupon appoint a day for the consideration of the proposal.
ieh day the <|iiestion to be resolved shall be to this effect, viz., 'Whether
the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal shall be proposed at another
And if this l,e determined in the affirmative the Council shall
tor Mich proposal. On such day the question shall be to this
- Whether the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal shall
be agreed upon '-' And in <-a>e the said new Statute, amendment or repeal
be agreed unto, tin- same -hall be recorded in the Statute Book of the Society,
and when -o n-corded shall puvs for a law.
159
NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE STATUTES1
I. THE STATUTES FROM 1663 TO 1752.
DL-RIXC; the succeeding ninety years changes were from time to time mad* in the Statutes ; but no new version of the Statutes appears to have been « I up until the year 1752.2
' The laws of the Royal Society, like those of other communities, were alt«-i « I from time to time, until they appeared sufficient to embrace every contingency that might occur, while they held their meetings in Gresham College, which they continued to do for near the space of fifty years. But the arrangement of the Society's affairs being somewhat altered upon possessing a house of their own, it became necessary to make different establishments in many particulars and to alter and augment some of their Statutes. However, the greater part of them was still left in the original form, suited to the situation of the Society at Gresham College.'' 3
Between 1663 and 1752, the following seem to have been the most important changes.
(a) The Election of Fellows.
In the original Statutes of 1663, Cap. VI, 'Of the Election and Admission of Fellows.' Stat. i provides that candidates be propounded at one meeting, and put to the vote at some other meeting at which twenty-one fellows (as prescribed by Charter) are present ; but that every one of his Majesty's subjects having the title and place of Baron, or any higher title and place, and every one of his Majesty's Privy Council, may be propounded and put to the vote the same day. And Stat. iii of the same chapter provides that ' the name of every person propounded as a Candidate, together with the name of the Fellow proposing, shall be entered in the Journal-book ' ; by which it appears that * propounding ' by one Fellow was sufficient.
In 1682, however, the following was proposed on August 2, and passed on August 5 : —
* The Statute for Election of Fellows having by long Experience been found insufficient for bringing in persons qualifyed for the ends of the Institution of the Royal Society, few balloting in the negative and presuming the person to be well known to the Member that Proposeth the Candidate, it is thought requisite by the Councell to propose this Statute following, —
1 Reprinted with additions from ' Proceedings of the Royal Society ', vol. 50, p. 501.
2 The British Museum contains a small 8vo edition, dated 1728, but this appears to be a verbatim copy of the Statutes of 1663, except that Cap. VI, Sec. 7, begins with the words ( The admission of, instead of ' The election and admission of.
3 Preface to Statutes, Edition of 1776.
n;o KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
, ,u that \\ould propose a Candidate shall first give in his name to
be Councell, that so in the next Councell it may be discoursed viva
,D is known to be so qualified as in probability to be
!l to the Society. And if the Councell return no other Answer but that
v further time to be acquainted with the gentleman proposed, the
take- that tor an Answer. And if they are well assured that the
Candidate mnv In- u>el'ull to the Society then the Candidate shall be proposed
at tlu- nt-xt meeting of the Society and ballotted according to the Statute in
that behalf, and shall immediately sign the usual Bond and pay his admission
money upon hi> Admission."
V ither the Statute of 1663, nor the Edition of 1752, make any mention of the • Bond for the payment of the contribution'; the words first occur in the Kdition of 177(5, but the actual Bonds preserved in the Archives of the Society
,»m January 1, 1674, onwards. (See Note on p. 173.)
In 17:JS, January 4th (1727 old style), the following Statute was passed, that of His-.' being apparently repealed: —
• 1 on to be Elected Fellow of the Society shall first at a Meeting
of tin Society he propounded as a candidate to be approved by the Council, and shall he recommended by three members, one of which at least shall be a member of the Council, and one of them shall at the same Time mention and i\ the qualification of the said Candidate. And afterwards such Person shall at another meeting of the Society (whereat there shall be a competent Number for making Elections) be referred back from the Council if approved, and shall then be propounded and put to the Vote for Election Saving and Kxccpling that it shall be free for every one of his Majesties Subjects who or the son of a Peer of Great Britain or Ireland, and for every one of hi- Majest ies l'ri\ v ( 'ouncil of either of the said kingdoms to be propounded i\ single Person and to be put to the Vote for Election on the same Day, being promt a competent Number for making Elections.1 This, ho\\e\er, was in turn, very soon, viz., in 1730, changed to the follow- all mention of Council being omitted from the Statute: — ' ^v on to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, shall be
propounded and recommended at a meeting of the Society by three or more Meinber> ; \\ho shall then deliver to one of the Secretaries a paper, signed by themselves \\ith their own names, specifying the name, addition, profession, '.'.ition, and chief qualificat ions; the- inventions, discoveries, works, writings, kher production* of the candidate for Election; as also notifying the usual of his habitation.
\\hieh paper, with the date of the day when delivered, shall
!H' fixed up in the common meeting room ofthe Society at ten several ordinary
be said candidate shall be put to the ballot: Saving and
• tin^, that it. shall be free for every one of his Majesty's subjects, who is a
: (ireat Britain or Ireland, and for everyone of his
NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES ir.i
Majesty's Privy council of either of the said Kingdoms, and for every foreign Prince or Ambassador, to be propounded by any single person, and to be put to the ballot for Election on the same day, there being present a competent number for making Elections."1
The Statute appears in this form in the Edition of 1752 as Stat. x of Cap. VI.
(b) The Admission of Fellow ft.
At the same meeting on January 4th, 1728, the two following Statutes were enacted :—
' II. Every Person who is a Foreigner and every one of his Majesties Subjects whose habitation or usual place of residence is at more than fortv miles distance from London, shall be and be deemed as a Fellow of the Society immediately after he shall be Elected, and shall be registered in the Journal Book of the Society as such : Provided always, that no such person shall have liberty to Vote at any Election or meeting of the Society before he shall be qualified pursuant to the Statutes. And if he shall neglect so to qualify him- self the first time he comes to London when he may be present at a meeting of the Society and can be admitted ; his election shall be declared Void, and his Name shall be cancelled in the Register.
' III. No Person shall be Proposed, Elected, or Admitted a Fellow of the Society upon St. Andrew's Day or the Day of the Anniversary meeting for Electing the Council and Officers.'
These two paragraphs appear in the Edition of 1752 as Stats, viii and ix respectively of Cap. VI.
As far, then, as the election and admission of Fellows are concerned, no new Statutes were enacted in 1752 ; the Edition of that year simply adds to the Statutes of 1663 the two enacted in 1727 and the one enacted in 1730.
(c) The Election of Council and Officers.
In the original Statutes, Cap. VII, ' Of the Election of the Council and Officers,' makes arrangements that the eleven members of the existing Council who are to be continued should first be determined, after that the ten new members, and finally the officers. The Statutes of 1752 reproduce the chapter in its original form of twelve statutes, with the addition of Stat. xiii, enacted in 1735, which provides that in order to lessen the tediousness of the election, Fellows may give in at the same time three lists — (1) of eleven old Members of Council to continue, (2) of ten new Members, (3) of Officers.
(d) The Philosophical Transactions.
But the most important changes introduced in 1752, those which probably led to the issue of the new version of the Statutes in that year, relate to the 1 Philosophical Transactions '. In the old Statutes, Cap. XIII, ' Of the Printer to the Society,' provides for the printing and binding of books, cata-
M
ir,i> HKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
lollies, and ^w\\ other tilings by order of the Society or Council ; there are no other provisions as to publications. From time to time the Council, acting tor the Socictv. gave the licence or imprimatur of the Society to certain books. re printed by the Society's printer, but not at the cost of the Society ; nor were they published at the risk of the Society. The cost and risk was undertaken by the printer or by some other person or persons. The treatment of the * Philosophical Transactions ' was at first somewhat similar. These were begun in 16(55, but up to the 46th volume inclusive, published in 1749-50, •the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries ' (Advertisement to * Philosophical Transactions ', vol. 47), though tliev were licensed by the Council. Thus with regard to the first number the Council (Minutes, March 1, 1664) ordered ' that the Philosophical Transactions, to be composed by Mr. Oldenburg, be printed the first Munday of everv month, if he have sufficient matter for it, and that that Tract be licensed bv the Council of the Society, being first reviewed by some of the Members of the same. And that the President be desired, now to Licence the first papers thereof, being written in four sheets in folio, to be printed by John Martyn and James Allestree.' This practice of licensing was, up to 17.~)2, continued with reference to those papers read before the Society which were published in the 'Transactions'.
In 1752 it was determined to place the publication of the 'Philosophical Transactions' directly in the hands of the Council, and the Edition of the Statutes of 1752, while leaving Cap. XIII intact, adds the following two new chapters (XX and XXI) enacted March 26th of that year: —
Cap. XX, 4 Of the selecting of Papers laid before the Society, in order for Publication/ establishes and lays down regulations for the 'Committee of Papers". These regulations declare that the Quorum of the Committee of Papers is to be five-, and a provision is contained that no entry in the Minute- book of the Committee is to be made of Papers ' thought improper to be laid before the public1.
The Statute in its original form provides that the Committee 'shall be at liberty to call in to their assistance . . . any other members of the Society who are knowing and well skilled in any particular branch of Science that shall happen to be the subject-matter of any paper which shall be then to come under their deliberation', and this practice is still in force. The custom of the Committee is now. and for a long time has been, to 'call in to their two or more Fellows, by asking for written reports, and such I''«-H" '^in.LC "re generally spoken of as 'referees'. Though the records
of the Society ^K.U that even in the earliest days of the Society, communica- tion* made to the Society were frequently submitted to Fellows in order that their opinions thereon might he obtained, the earliest mention which has been found in the Society's records of a paper being technically 'referred' is on when a paper by Mr. Ludlow was 'referred' to Mr. Cavendish
NOTES ON HISTORY OF TIIK STATUTES
and Dr. Hutton. There does not appear to be a similar record until Mart 1 1831, when a paper by Prof. Davy was referred to Mr. Faraday. By 1 however, the practice of referring papers seems to have become common. >ome time the name of the person (or persons) to whom the paper was referred i> >t<ited in the Minutes of the Committee of Papers, and in all these cases, including those just mentioned, the persons in question wore member* of the Council. Soon, however, the name was omitted, the entrv bring simply 'referred1. There seems to be no means of ascertaining when * referees'1 outside the Council were first had recourse to, or when the practice of writ tm reports first began.
Cap. XXI, 'Of the manner of Publication of the Papers laid before tin- Society, and defraying the Expences thereof," provides for the printing and distribution of the ' Philosophical Transactions \
(e) Payments by Fellows.
In order to defray the additional expenses thus incurred by the publication and gratis distribution to the Fellows of the ' Philosophical Transactions ', the 4 admission-money ' is by Stat. ii of Cap. XXI raised from two guineas to five guineas. In Cap. Ill of the Statutes of 1663, « Of the Payments by the Fellow > to the Society ,"* the admission-money is fixed at forty shillings, and indeed, in the Edition of 1752, the same sum of forty shillings is retained in this Chapter, the error apparently escaping notice. The change from forty shillings to forty - two shillings (two guineas) seems to have taken place at some time in the interval.
II. THE STATUTES FROM 175,2 TO 1776.
In 1774 and 1775, the Council were engaged in considering the Statutes, and in 1776 published a new Edition, containing several important changes. An interesting preface to this Edition (from which a quotation is given at p. 159), explains that in spite of large changes in the practices of the Society, the Statutes had been kept as far as possible in their original form ; and, indeed, the Statutes of 1752 differ from those of 1663 chiefly in the additions described above.
In 1776, however, the Council determined to bring the Statutes into more strict conformity with the practice of the Society, and in consequence the Edition of 1776 differs widely from the two earlier versions. Five whole chapters are omitted, viz. V, Of Experiments, and the Reports thereof; XI. Of Curators by Office; XIII, Of the Printer to the Society ; XIV, Of Opera- tors to the Society ; XVII, Of Benefactors ; the twenty-one chapters of 1752 being thus reduced to sixteen. The preface explains how the changes in the Society had long rendered these Statutes unnecessary.
The order of the several chapters is largely altered, the new arrangement adopted being that which has on the whole been followed in subsequent editions, and is still maintained.
nu RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
(n) The Election of Fellows.
In the Statutes as amended in 1776 the regulations for the election of
I-'ellowx remain on the whole unchanged, save that it is precisely stated that
• the competent number' for making an election, a majority of
wary, and in the Statute relating to what came to be
called the • privileged class ', the words 'Foreign Prince or Ambassador' are replaced by tlu- words 'Foreign Sovereign Prince, or the son of «, Sovereign Prince, or an Ambassador to the Court of Great Britain \
(b) Composition Fee.
In the Edition of 17.") 2, as stated above, no mention is made of any 'bond1
Miiposition fee ', but in the next year, 1753 (June 7), the Statute, Cap. VI,
viii. concerning Foreigners and persons residing more than 40 miles from
London, was repealed, and the following enactment was substituted : —
• That no one of his Majesties subjects, or any other person residing in his
Dominions, who shall be elected a Fellow of the Society, shall be
deemed an actual Fellow thereof, nor shall the name of any such person be
1 in the Journal Book, or printed in the List of Fellows of the Society,
until such Person shall have paid his admission Fee, and given the usual Bond,
or paid the Sum of Twenty-one pounds for the use of the Society in lieu of
contributions : But that upon such payment or giving Bond as aforesaid, it
shall be lawful tor the Society to give leave for the name of any such person
"o el : ton -said to be entered in the Journal Book, and printed in the
list of Fellows of the Society : Provided always that no such person shall have
lilwrty to Vote at any Election or Meeting of the Society, before he shall be
duly admitted a Fellow thereof pursuant to the former Statute.'
This is the first time that the Statutes contain any reference to a com - position :
In 17nT> (December 11) a Statute was passed increasing the composition fee from twenty to twenty-six guineas ; and the Statute of 1753 just quoted re- appear-, with some slight, changes, in the Edition of 1776 as Stat. viii of Cap. I, the 4 Mini of twenty-one pounds" being altered into 'the sum appointed', and be Chapter on payments by Fellows states to be twenty-six guineas.
(<•) Foreign Members.
Tin Statute of 17 7(i contain, what the Statutes of 1752 and 1663 do not, gulatumi for Fellows ' residing in foreign parts and not subjects of llTticb Dominion- *.
i Statute \\as passed providing that persons 'residing in
leeted Fellows, should not pay fees; in 1716 a
Den \\lrn are Fellows; and in 1737 a resolution
mcil (which did not become a Statute) proposed that Foreigners resident
I
NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES 165
in London might be on the Home List if they paid contributions. It would appear, therefore, that although no mention of the matter was made in 1 from an early period a distinction was recognized between Fellows who were Foreigners and others, and that the Fellows who were Foreigner- di«l not, of necessity, pay contributions to the Society. In the Register <>t l-Vll<mN how- ever, at this date no distinction of any kind is made.
It was apparently soon felt that the Foreign Members were too numerous and in some cases not of sufficient distinction ; for in 1761 (March 19) the Council, in order to ensure that ' no persons residing in Foreign parts, not being subjects of the Crown of Great Britain, be elected Fellows unless their Quali- fications be very well known as well abroad as at home \ enacted a Statute providing that in the case of such persons the certificate should be signed by at least ' three Foreign Fellows ', as well as at least ' by three Fellows named in the Home List'. And in 1765 (December 19) on a proposal 'to restrain the number of Foreign Members ', it was resolved ' that no Foreigner be proposed for election that is not known to the learned world, by some publication or invention which may enable the Society to form a judgment of his merit, and that till the number of Foreign Members be reduced to eighty, not more than two shall be admitted in one year.1 A special mode of procedure in the election f Foreigners as Fellows was, at the same time, resolved upon, providing for an ection of two a year ; and a subsequent resolution (December 26) provides ,t Foreign Members paying contributions shall ' have their names printed an alphabetical List next after that of the Home Members, as Foreign embers1 contributing towards the expenses of the Society1, and so distinct m 'other Foreign Members1 ' who do not contribute1. On January 16 of next year the limitation to eighty was withdrawn, and the above resolutions ere then embodied in the form of Statutes. These at the same time provided the new regulation should not extend to Foreign Princes or their sons, gave permission to Foreigners resident in Great Britain to become Fellows the usual way, which permission was extended on January 26, 1769, to 'oreigners who had been resident in Great Britain for the space of six months, n after, namely on June 10, 1773, the word 'Foreigner1 appears in the Register1 for the first time, being placed after the names of Stehelin, Le Roy, and De Luc ; thenceforward it is used frequently.
In the Edition of 1776 these regulations, in a somewhat modified form, are traduced as part of Stat. viii of Cap. I ; the limitation to the election of two year is omitted, and the certificates, signed by at least three Fellows upon Foreign List, and at least by three Fellows on the Home List, are directed be suspended from the 30th November until the weekly Meeting on, or xt after, the 30th May. Some years afterwards, however (March 8, 1787), s part of Stat. viii was repealed, and a new Sec. 9 was added which provides
1 It may be remarked that in the early records of the Society the words ' Member ' ami ' fellow ' appear to be used indiscriminately.
166 KFAORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
i ode of procedure in the election, under the title of
V of prisons 'who are neither natives nor inhabitants of his
dominions'. The number is limited to 100. Certificates signed
Iowa are to In- presented at some meeting between Easter
and tlu- Annivers.in. At a meeting immediately before the following Easter
• vtion of candidate* is to be made, and the candidates so selected are to
llotcd for at the next meeting immediately after Easter. These regu-
, not. however, to apply to Sovereign Foreign Princes or their sons,
re n -sident in Great Britain as may desire to become Fellows
in the usual v.
(//) The Officers of the Society, the Clerk, Librarian, <$r.
No alterations arc made in the Statutes of 1776 for the election of Council
and Officers; but to meet the changes in the contributions there the regu-
Dfl for the Treasurer are modified. The duties of the Secretaries also
undergo modification, chiefly in reference to the Clerk and to the publication
of tlu- * Philosophical Transactions'.
Cap. X provides regulations for the qualifications, mode of election, duties and remunerations of the Clerk, the Librarian, the Keeper of the Repository, and the I louse-Keeper.
The Statutes of 1663 contain regulations for the Clerk, and prescribe
clerkly duties for him; and the Society had at first neither House-Keeper
nor Librarian. When in 1710 the Society moved to Crane Court, the
of House- Keeper was established ; but the Clerk was then made House-
A- the Librarv and Repository increased the offices of Librarian and
i the Repository were established ; but both these offices were held by
the Clerk, under supervision, during a certain period at all events, of Fellows
chosen for that duty under the title of ' Inspectors '. But the Statutes of 1752
in no regulations for these offices other than that of the Clerk, the
onceniing whom remain exactly the same as in 1663; and in spite
of the special regulations present in the edition of 1776, it appears that the
i v had never more than one officer to carry out these several duties, and
Hut he was called M he Clerk', until at a later period (1823) the office of
Clerk was abolished, and that of Assistant Secretary instituted.
(V) The Ordinary Meetings of the Society.
In the edition of 1 77f>, Cap. XI, « Of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society/
1 provides that the ordinary Meetings shall be held on 'Thursdays,
•inin^ at r» p.m., and continue about an hour, as usual, at the discretion of
- -ni \ This Statute was passed in 17(><). 'n»l st W>:j (IV, Stat. i) provided that the ordinary meetings
•ii-tiiiiriiisluMl from r,-ll,,w. Iii the edition of 1776 and thence- forward the term MnnlMT. a> allied to ati ordinary Fellow, is never used.
NOTES ON HISTORY OF TI1K STATl IKS 167
should be held on 'Wednesday, be^innin^ al,()1,t three of the clock in tin- afternoon, and continuing until six, unless the major part of the 1 < present shall, for that time, resolve to rise sooner, or sit later'. And th, Statutes of 1752 reproduced exactly the Statute (IV, Stat. i) of 166U. \ theless, the records of the Society show that the day and hour of the onli meeting were more than once changed in the interval, as they have \> The following table shows the changes and their respective dat<, up to tin present time : —
1663. On Wednesdays, at 2 p.m.
July 1, 1663, changed to Wednesday, 3 to 6 p.m.
Feb. 5, 1666 „ Thursday at 3 p.m.
April 10, 1672 „ Wednesday.
Oct. 30,1674 „ Thursday at 3 p.m.
Dec. 8, 1690 „ Wednesday „ 4 „
March 1, 1710 „ Thursday „ 4 „
April 20, 1769 „ Thursday „ 6 „
June 15, 1780 „ Thursday ,,8 „
(?) 1831 „ Thursday ,,8.30 p.m.'
Feb. 19,1880 „ Thursday „ 4.30 „
The first Statute enacting that no meeting should be held on certain da\- or in certain weeks was passed in 1831 ; previously to that time the Statutes simply said ' upon Wednesday ', or ' upon Thursday '. But the practice of having an Autumn recess was of much older date than 1831 ; moreover, the Journal Book shows that from the earliest times it was customary to hold no meetings on Ash Wednesday and certain other holy days, and that in particular no meeting was held on the anniversary of the death of Charles I. In 1661 the Journal Book omits the date, January 30, without remark, although a meeting was due upon that day. On January 30, 1666, the Minute appears, 'This day being the Anniversary Fast-Day, there was no Meeting of the Society.' In 1667, the entry is, ' The Society met not, because of the solemne Fast.' Similar entries occur in subsequent years, the last bein<r on January 30, 1834. After this date the custom was omitted.
(f) The Admission of Strangers to the Meetings of the Society.
In the Statutes of 1752, any of His Majesty's subjects having the title and place of a Baron, or having any higher title or place, are permitted to be present at the Meetings of the Society, ' with the allowance of the President "; other persons may attend ' upon leave obtained of the President and Fellows present'. In 1776 the mention of titled persons is omitted, and the Statute simply provides for ' strangers ' being present. Some years later, viz., in 1784, a new section was added to Cap. XI as follows : —
1 Careful search has failed to show when this change was made, but it was probably about this time.
UKCOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
• \ 1. That tin- meetings of the Society may not be wasted by unprofitable debates, contrary to tin- intent and meaning of the fifth section of this chapter,
iMicd. and ordained, that every motion or question,
pn>|x»ed to be ballotted for by the Society, shall be fairly transcribed on
,11; >igned by six or more Fellows of the Society, it shall be by
i to one of the Secretaries at a meeting of the Society; and shall
thereupon he read immediately alter the declaration of the Presents on the
table; and after being marked by the Secretary with the date of the day
dclixered, it shall be fixed up in the common Meeting-room of the
the next ordinary Meeting; and on the Meeting next following the
sin >c. it >hall be put to the Ballot, unless those who have signed it agree to
withdraw it.
• Hut nothing contained in this Statute is to be construed to extend to matter> relathe to elections, or the ordinary business of the Society.1
The motion^ or questions proposed to be 'ballotted for1 must therefore ha\e had reference to matters of science.
(£•) Publications., Records, and Library.
In Cap. XII, of the Statutes as amended in 1776, the quorum of the Committee of Papers i.s raised from five to seven, and the part of the Statute providing that there should be no entry of rejected papers is omitted.
In Cap. XIII, ' Of the Manner of Publication of the Papers laid before the
he word * Librarian' is substituted for that of 'Clerk1; also the
|K-riod during which surplus copies not required by Fellows must remain
before they are disposed of by the Council, is extended from one year (as in
i to five \.
In the Statute- of 1776, Cap. XIV, 'Of the Books and Papers of the ty,1 differs sonn-what from the corresponding Cap. XVI, < Of the Books of th iii the Statutes of 1752. The copy of Statutes, the List of
Ifc -n« -factors, and the Register of Fellows is omitted from the Charter Book.1 The Statute concerning the Register Books, containing accounts of observa- tion-, experiments, \c., and the Statute concerning the Book of Letters, are omitted
A new Statute (Stat. v) was introduced in 1776, to the effect that the paper read at the Society shall be considered as the
property of the Society; and another (Stat. vi) provides for the care of the
And, lastly, ;, new Statute (Stat. vii) introduces, for the first
">t<> Hi. regulations concerning the use of the Library. The
..irter Hook ne\n- tliil contain, as provided hy the Statute, the Register of
1 only their -.i-Tnatim-.. The Society |n»>si'ss<>v, however, a volume now called
'•lii«'l, contain^ the names, with dates of election, of all the Fellows from
'""" <lf " "P t<> tlie year 1 »7-r). Since that date the Register is
volume.
NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES
Library is to be open Tuesdays and Thurxlay-. from 11 a.m. to '.' p.m., and Fellows may, by leave of the Society or of the Council, take out four volmm- for six weeks. If these are printed books, the Fellow gives merely hi.-s D if MSS., a bond of £50 for each.
III. THE STATUTKS FROM 1776 to 1831.
The next edition after that of 1776 appears to be that of 1819 ; it i>, hou ever, merely a reprint of that of 1776, with the additions of Cap. I, Stat. i\. as to Foreign Members, and Cap. XI, Stat. vi, as to the conduct of onliu u s meetings, mentioned above (p. 165 and p. 167).
(a) Foreign Members.
In the next edition — that of 1823 — several important changes are intro- duced. The number of Foreign Members is limited to fifty ; and ' they arc- to be put in nomination as candidates at a meeting of the Council \ instead of the previous complex procedure. The regulations for the election of the Council and officers are much simplified, but not materially altered.
(b) Foreign Secretary.
In the edition of 1823 a new Statute, Cap. IX, Stat. iv, institutes a new office, that of the 'Secretary for Foreign Correspondence'. Since 1719 the proceeds of the bequest of Mr. Robert Keck had been ' bestowed on some one of the Fellows ' appointed ' to carry on a foreign correspondence ', but the Fellow performing these duties was appointed by Council at their pleasure, and was styled Assistant to the Secretaries. The new Secretary for Foreign Correspondence was to rank with the two Principal Secretaries.
(c) Assistant Secretary.
The office of Clerk was at the same time abolished and that of Assistant Secretary was created. The old Statute relating to the Clerk was, in con- sequence, largely modified. The Assistant Secretary is now made Librarian and House- Keeper, but all mention of the Keeper of the Repository disappears from the Statutes. The facilities for using the Library are increased.
(d) Annual Contribution*.
The annual contribution is raised from 'a shilling a week', or thirteen shillings a quarter, to 'one pound a quarter1, the admission fee from five guineas to ten pounds, and the composition fee from twenty-six guineas to forty pounds.
IV. THE STATUTES FROM 1831 TO 1847.
The edition of 1831 ] contains a few changes which are of no great moment, and chiefly refer to payments (Cap. Ill), the 'bond' being omitted. The
1 One form of this Edition is simply a reprint of that of 1823, with an Appendix of amended Statutes.
I7o KFAOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
!o tin- Assistant Secretary were amended, the separate I tor Librarian and House Keeper being omitted. . tin- then-existing Statute, Cap. I, Stat. v (enacted in 1831), that Mou -. or for Foreign Members, shall take place excepting on tin- first onlinarv meetings of the Society in December, February, April, and .fin Vd.
In the nt At edition. IS 10. the most notable change concerns the election of
oiineil. These are to be put in nomination by the President and
( ounril. according to the plan at present in use. Anew Chapter, ' Of Special
ral Meetings of tin- Society," is added. The composition fee is raised to
M of Fellows elected after December 11, 1834, except such as
contributed papers to the 'Philosophical Transactions'; the Statutes
ruing publications are thrown into one chapter ; and some slight changes
•i.-ule in the Statutes concerning the Treasurer and Secretaries. Cap. XI,
•h«- ordinary Meetings of the Society/ provides for the recess from the
third Thursday in June to the third Thursday in November, and, as mentioned
.-dio\e. for the omission of meetings on certain days.
V. THE STATUTES OF 1847.
i after, however, vi/., in 1846, a Committee of Council was appointed to
der the mode of Election of Fellows, with the result that in 1847 new
en enacted, regulating the Election of fifteen Fellows annually,
linn to the plan at present in use. These Statutes which mark an
important epoch in the history of the Society have been given above on
pp. l:Jl to 1 Ik
VI. Tin. STATTTES KKOM 1847 TO 1888.
The most notable changes which since 1847 have been proposed or enacted are as follows :
On November .°>rd, 1864, the repeal of the Statute relating to the admission ()t * 0 Hi'1 meetings was moved, but negatived ; and -again, on March
'JNf< propose] that the public be admitted to the Ordinary Meetings
9 icii-ty was negatived.
In I Sf,:, t h,- privileged class (Cap. I, Stat. iv) was extended to include Foreign •-• d \n Her Majesty as Imperial Highness or Royal Highness \ In IHr.fi the practice of paying for a proportional part of the year was
ual payment was made one in advance. In ' l|llf( u;^ '"acted prohibiting the payment of dividends to
Fell.,
On October ,3()th, 1 s;'.",. u,,,,,, }l motion to assimilate the mode of election
"r ""• 1'nv.le, to that of Ordinary Fellows, to place in the hands of the
il the ^lection of *,,< •[, ( andidates, and to require « evidence of ascertained
Mid deposition to forward the aims of the Society from excep-
NOTES ON HISTORY OF TIIK STATITKS 171
tional, personal, or official advantages of position, or of great emim -net- in an\ branch of learning, instead of any qualification based only on accident of line- age or of political status', the Statute concerned was referred to the considera- tion of a Committee, and on April 23rd, 1874, a new Statute was enacted limiting the privileged class to Princes of the Blood Royal and Members of the Privy Council, the provision as to the election of the former being tint now in force (Cap. I, Stat. xii) and the mode of election of Privy Councillor- being assimilated to that of ordinary Fellows, * the fact of the candidate I > a member of the Privy Council being alone stated as the qualification/
On December 17th of the same year (1874), a Committee was appointed to consider the election of candidates for Fellowship, which Committee presented, on November 30th, 1875, a long report giving reasons why no changes should be made.
In 1878-9 changes were made in the payment of fees.
In 1879 the Statutes relating to Foreign Members were altered to their present form.
In 1880 the hour of meeting was changed from the evening to the afternoon.
In 1885 the time during which the Library is open to Fellows was extended.
In 1888 the Statute, Cap. XI, Stat. ii, was altered to admit of an Ordinary Meeting being held on the day of Election of Fellows, and Statute, Cap. XIII, Stat. vii, was altered to allow Fellows to receive their copies of the ' Philo- sophical Transactions ' upon a request in writing.
VII. THE STATUTES FROM 1888 TO 1905.
In 1891 a new edition of the Statutes was published containing, among other smaller changes made in that year, the following more important ones : —
In Chapter XI power was given to the Council to omit weekly meetings with a view to increase, when desirable, the Christmas and Easter recess, and greater freedom was allowed in the conduct of the weekly meetings.
In Chapter XIII certain changes were introduced in the hope of expediting the publication of papers.
A new chapter (XVI) was added in order to insert a Statute passed in 1871 prohibiting dividends to Fellows.
In 1896 changes were again made, some in Chapter XI, ' Of the Meetings of the Society,' but more in Chapter XIII, ' Of the Publication of Papers.' Both these chapters, especially the latter, were simplified, some of the regulations previously existing as statutes being withdrawn from the Statutes and embodied in ' Standing Orders \ In respect to ' publication ', the main change effected was the institution of Sectional Committees to assist the Council sitting as a Committee of Papers or otherwise, with regard to the publication of papers and other matters. In the first days of the Society several Committees were formed to take charge of the several branches of science as well as for special objects ; but these, after a while, and apparently after a short while, ceased to
17-j REC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
On May 31, 1838, k Scientific Committees1 to assist the Council were hut these were found not to work satisfactorily, and on '. were abolished.
that part of Statute- iv of Chapter I which provided for the elec- tion at anv time of Privy Councillors was repealed, and a new Statute, now (ha, ute xiii, was passed which provided that in cases in which the
;1 ii ,,f opinion that in the interests of the Advancement of Natural Knov ia dc.sirable to do so, they may, once in every two years recom-
nu-iK! on not more than two persons who ' either have rendered con-
>picuou> MTYUV to tlu- cause of science, or are such that their election would be of signal benefit to the Society'. This change was accompanied by some small alterations in the order of the Statutes of Chapter I.
In 11K)3 new Statutes were substituted for those Statutes of Chapter I which
ated the date of election of Ordinary Fellows. They provided that the
of candidates for election should be read out at the first ordinary meet-
ietv in January, instead of in March as theretofore; and that
the election should take place on the first Thursday in May instead of the first
Thursday in June.
VIII. THE STATUTES OF 1905.
In 1(.)0:J, a Committee appointed to consider the duties of the Assistant
ary, and the organization of the Society, recommended that the whole
body of Statutes >hould be revised. In 1905 a Committee was appointed to
consider the question ; and, in accordance with their recommendations, exten-
ilterations were effected by the Council on November 2nd, 1905. These
i.. eluded the removal from the Statute-book of a number of Statutes, on the
-round that they dealt with matters of detail which would be more suitably
ited by Standing Orders, some rearrangement of the order of the Statutes,
and a number of necessary verbal amendments.
There \\eiv. however, also several alterations of substance, viz. : — ( 1 ) The majority in the Council required to empower the recommendation of privileged per-ons for election as Fellows was altered, from four-fifths of the member* present, to two-thirds of the whole Council (Statute xiii of Chapter I).
pecilically enacted that the Council should appoint the Chair- men of Committees other than the Committee of Papers (Chapter VII, ' ;itr iii).
ide in the Statutes specifying the duties of the Treasurer pter VIII), and of the Secretaries (Chapter IX). The changes with regard
itated mainly by the fact that —
( 1) Tin Statute-, ai to tin A s.sjs.t ant Secretary were recast, and it was ordered In- should attend at meetings of the Council and take the minutes (Chapter XI).
NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATITKS 17.5
(5) It was provided that the Session of the Society should commence a fortnight earlier and end a week later than had previously been the case (Chapter XII, Statute i).
(6) New Statutes were added as to the Archives of the Society (Chapter XVII).
(7) Specific provision was also introduced for the making of Standing Orders, and
(8) The procedure as to the making, amending, and repealing of Statutes wa» altered, so as to render it necessary that notice should he given at a previous Council meeting, before any proposal to deal with the Statutes can be con- sidered ; the previous requirement that any alteration must be agreed to at two different meetings of Council before it can become law remaining unaltered.
The Statutes as they now (1912) exist are given on pp. 145 to 158.
NOTE ON THE < BONDS ' REFERRED TO ON PAGE 160.
As already stated (pp. 24, 25), difficulties were early experienced in obtain- ing the annual subscriptions of the Fellows. The ' Bonds "* appear to have been a device to ensure payment. They were printed forms in which the subscribing Fellow bound himself to pay the annual sum of fifty-two shillings, under the penalty of ' a penal sum of twenty pounds ' for which he and his heirs were liable. It would seem that even this obligation was not entirely successful, for after the year 1742, the 'penal sum ' was increased to fifty pounds. There is an interesting collection of these Bonds in the Archives of the Society. It forms two large folio volumes and is specially valuable for the autographs of the Fellows, who also affixed their seals to the documents, Among the witnesses to the early signatures the names of Henry Oldenburg and Edmund Halley occasionally occur. The earliest of the Bonds is dated January 1, 1674, and the last June 24, 1807.
CHAPTER IV
THK TRUSTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY1
'I'm following succinct account of the various trusts which the Society administers, their origin and progress, the application of the income of the funds, and their present, financial position, follows the alphabetical order in \\liich tlu trusts an- arranged on the annual balance sheet of the Society. Full particulars of capital, income, and expenditure in each case are clearly in that sheet and are reprinted in the ' Year-book '. A larger amount of detail ,-IN to the foundation of the older funds will be found in Weld's * History of the Roval Society', and in an anniversary address delivered by the late Mr. Spottiswoode, as treasurer, in 1874.
No. 1. BAKERIAN AND COPLEY MEDAL FUND.
Then has for many years been only one amalgamated fund for these two
objects. Through successive accumulations, owing in part to no medal having
awarded in some years, it now consists of £403 9s. Sd. 2% per cent.
Annuities. The Bakerian Lecture originated in 1775, through a bequest of
Mr. Henry Baker, F.R.S., of 1J100, for an oration or discourse, to be spoken
or nad yearly by some one of the Fellows of the Society, on such part of
natural history or experimental philosophy, at such time and in such manner
.-IN tlu President and Council of the Society for the time being shall please to
order and appoint. In case no lecture be given, there is a pain of forfeiture
hcd to the bequest. The payment to the lecturer has for many years
fixed sum of
The Copley Medal, which has long been regarded as the highest scientific
distinction that the Royal Society can bestow, originated in a legacy of £ 100
from Sir (iodfrey Copley, Bart., F.R.S., received in 1709. The testator
dim-ted that this Mini should be laid out in experiments or otherwise for the
fit of I lu Society, as they shall direct and appoint. For many years the
i the fund was paid to Dr. Desaguliers, Curator to the Society,2
periments made before it, but in 1736 Martin Folkes, who
qnently became IV. >ident of the Society, proposed to render Sir Godfrey
fopley's donation more beneficial than at that time it was. His suggestion
•1 in HIP main from ;i p:ipt,r by the late Sir John Evans, K.C.B., Treas. R.S., •I. Ivii, p. W2, hut revised up to date, and with particulars of the
ul>-rc|iM-iitly added.
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 175
that instead of the annual experiment, *a medal or other honorary j» mid be bestowed on the person whose experiment »hould be beat appr« >y which means he apprehended a laudable emulation might be excited am m of genius to try their invention, who, in ull probability, may nevei loved for the sake of lucre.' Eventually, in 1736, it was resolv.d that medal of the value of .£3, to bear the arms of the Society, should I* iwarded to the author of the most important scientific discovery or eontnhu ion to science by experiment or otherwise. The weight of the medal wan ted at 1 oz. 2 dwts. of fine gold. In 1831 it was resolved that tin- Copl.-y Medal shall be awarded to the living author of such philosophical research, either published or communicated to the Society, as may appear to tin- Council to be deserving of that honour. The particulars of the subject of the research are to be specified in the award, and there is to be no limitation as to the period when the research was made, or the country to which the author may belong.
Owing to the payments for the lecture and the medal being somewhat 1( -^ than the dividends received, a balance gradually accumulated in favour of the fund, amounting to over ^100. In the year 1881, Sir Joseph Copley, Bart., transferred to the Society a sum of ^1,666 13*. 4d. 3 per cent. Consols, ' to provide in perpetuity a yearly bonus of £oQ, to be given to the recipient of the Copley Medal.' So long as the interest was at 3 per cent., the income was produced, but now that it is reduced to 2| per cent, it is insufficient for the gift of a larger sum. While there was a balance in hand in favour of the fund, the Council thought well to fulfil Sir Joseph Copley's liberal intention. This balance has now, however, been exhausted, and the amount of the gift, after providing for the cost of the medal, is about ^40.
The list of the recipients of this and the other medals in the gift of the Royal Society will be found in Chapter VII.
No. 2. THE BRADY LIBRARY FUND.
The late Mr. Henry Bowman Brady, F.R.S., bequeathed to the Society in 1891 all his books and papers relating to the Protozoa, and also a sum of ,£300, the interest of which, or the principal, or both, are from time to time to be applied in the purchase of works on the same or kindred subjects to be added to the collection. The fund now consists of ,£330 2£ per cent. Consolidated Stock.
No. 3. THE BUCHANAN MEDAL FUND.
This fund dates from February, 1894, when a sum of ^276 12*. and the dies for a medal were offered to the Society by the Committee of the fund raised in honour of Sir George Buchanan, F.R.S., a distinguished physician, who died in 1895. The amount has been invested in the purchase of
i;<; KKCOKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Metropolitan o per cent. Stock, producing rather less than ^8
Hum The medal, which is of gold, and of the value of about twenty
raided every five years tor distinguished service in Hygienic
,-,., in tin- direction either of original research or of pro-
nal. administrative, or constructive work. The balance in hand accom-
p.-mic- the medal, which lias no limit as to nationality. The first medal was
Huchanan by the subscribers to the fund (see p. 216).
No. 1. TIIK CKOOMAX LKC-ITKE FUND.
Thi- ifl one of the- earliest institutions connected with the Society, and,
in name at lea>t, carries us back to the days of its foundation. At the
meeting held on November 28, 1660, (ante, p. 8), when the design for
founding the Societv was discussed, Mr. Croone, though absent, was nominated
a- the Renter, or as we should now call him Registrar, of the small band
of learned men who met weekly at Gresham College. Dr. Croone, as he
.jiientlv became, was from the beginning an active Fellow of the Society,
and on his death, in 1684, left a scheme for two lectureships which he
intended to found, one of which was for the Royal Society. In his will,
houever. he made no provision for carrying out this purpose, but his widow,
uho Mil>»e<|iiently became Lady Sadleir, remedied the omission, and in her
will, dated September 25, 1701, bequeathed to the Society one-fifth of the
it-iit of the King's Head Tavern, in or near Old Fish Street, London, at
the corner of Lambeth Hill, 'for the support of a lecture and illustrative
ri ine-nt for the advancement of natural knowledge on local motion, or
(conditionally) on such other subjects as, in the opinion of the President for
the time being, should be most useful in promoting the objects for which the
I Society was instituted,1 the remainder being paid to the Royal College
of IMn^ician^, al>o for the support of a lecture to be delivered before them;
in Chancery, in 1728, empowered the Society to devote the whole
annual profits of the legacy to the payment for a single lecture and its
l.nit expense*. The proper subject for the lecture is the nature or laws
of miiM nlar motion, to be accompanied by some anatomical demonstration.
Tin- first Croonian Lecture was delivered in 1738 by Dr. Stuart, the subject
The Motion of the Heart1. From 1786 to 1885 the property was let
•iinunu so that the share of the Society was only about £3, but
nt. of the estate has been materially increased, and the
sum of about, X'56 yearly as its share, which is paid
be Royal College of Physicians, which deals with the whole property.
Tli. uliole of the available balance is in each year paid to the lecturer or for
A li-t of the Croonian Lectures from the beginning in 1738, together with MM- - their lectures, will be found in Chapter VII.
THOM
/trait painted by II. I*, l: r Sir T. I in the
possession of the Royal Sn.-iety
TV
n hand a«
8), \vh<.
f-nt, was i.
Or. Croci o\v of tli.
In his
01 of the PIT
i loyal G
uly aboir
PLAT.: \ll
THOMAS YOUNG
From a portrait painted by H. I*. Briggs after Sir T. Lawrence, in the possession of the Royal Society
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 177
No. 5. THE DAUWIV MI.MOKIAI. 1
In 1885 the Committee of the International Darwin Memorial Fund resolved to transfer to the Royal Society the balance that ivmainc.l in th.-ir hands, in trust, to devote the proceeds from time to time touanl> th. promotion of biological studies and research. The amount was invested in the purchase of ,£2,500 South-Eastern Railway 4 per cent. l),-b< ntnn- Stock. In accordance with a resolution of the Council, a silver medal is awarded biennially in recognition of work of acknowledged distinct ion (especially in Biology) in the field in which Charles Darwin himself laboured. The medal is accompanied by a grant of £100. The first medal was awarded to Alfred Russel Wallace. The income of the fund being more than sufficient to provide for the medal and accompanying grant, balances accumulated which were invested in £560 South-Eastern Railway 3 per cent. Perpetual Debenture Stock. Early in 1910 the Treasurer having called the attention of the Council to the continued accumulation of balances, the Council after consulting the Sectional Committees for Botany and Zoology and receiving a report from a Joint Committee of those bodies, decided on their recom- mendation 'that the surplus income of the Darwin Fund, after providing for the Silver Medal and Money Gift prescribed by existing regulations, be devoted, not to the provision of scholarships or medals, but to the furtherance of biological research in the Darwinian field, and that it be expended at the discretion of the Council on the advice of the Sectional Committees for Botany and Zoology meeting jointly."1 (See p. 215.)
No. 6. THE DAVY MEDAL FUND.
By the will of Dr. John Davy, F.R.S., the service of plate presented to Sir Humphry Davy for the invention of the safety lamp, was bequeathed to the Society, to be melted down and sold, in order to found a medal to be given annually for the most important discovery in chemistry. The amount received in 1869 was invested in the purchase of ,^660 Madras Railway Stock, pro- ducing about ^33 per annum. This has since been converted into a Madras Railway B Annuity of ^36 Os. lid., the capital becoming repayable by a sinking fund on April 1, 1956. Some little time elapsed before the dies could be prepared, and the first medal actually awarded was given, in duplicate, to Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1877 (see p. 215).
No. 7. THE DONATION FUND.
In 1828 William Hyde Wollaston, M.D., F.R.S., President of the Society in 1820, gave the sum of .£2,000 3 per cent. Consols, to be called the Donation Fund, the dividends to be applied from time to time in promoting experimental researches, or in rewarding those by whom such researches may have been
N
178 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
made, or in such other manner as shall appear to the President and Council
tor UK time- In-in^ most conducive to the interests of the Society in particular,
•icral. The application of the funds extends to individuals
countries, but not to members of the Council of the Society. The
dividends are not to be hoarded parsimoniously, but expended liberally.
) more were contributed to the fund by Dr. Davies Gilbert
1 s-j; to 1830, who gave ,£1,000) and others. In 1874 and 1875 two
.no ruch were received from Sir Francis Ronalds, F.R.S., and
•.Vhcat stone, F.R.S., and the fund for some years consisted of
lonsols, which in 1HH8 was converted into ,£5,030 Great Northern
Railway Perpetual 4 per cent. Guaranteed Stock, producing an income of
DO per annum. In the year ,1879 the late Sir Walter C. Trevelyan
bequeathed a sum of X} 1,500, the interest to be applied in the promotion of
u-ch. This was invested in the purchase of £1,396 Great
Northern Railway 4 per cent. Debenture Stock, now converted into ,£1,861
6*. 8r/. •> per cent. Debenture Stock, and forms practically a part of the
Donation Fund. The interest of the Jodrell Fund is also transferred to it (see
4, p. 181), so that the annual income is about <£385.
No. 8. FEE REDUCTION FUND.
This fund originated in 1878, its object being to relieve future Fellows of
the Society — except Privy Councillors and other privileged Fellows — of the
.J'lO paid as an admission fee and of £1 out of the <£4 annual subscription.
liberal Minis were subscribed: Sir Joseph Whit worth contributing
-ir William (later Lord) Armstrong, F.R.S., and Mr. James Young,
I'.R.S., r 1,000 each. The total sum contributed was ,£10,111 5*. This
amount was duly invested, and, in accordance with the scheme, .£150 of the
interest thereon have been devoted annually to the payment of the admission
• if the fifteen newly elected Fellows, and an annually increasing sum —
' ! in 11)09— has been employed in the reduction by £1
of the subscript ions of the Fellows elected since 1878, and the balances have been duly invested.
It Beemi to have been supposed, in 1878, that by these additions to the
• I tli. income of the fund would in course of time exceed X°600 a year,
;l'id rtion only of this sum would be required for the payment of
' »*'' -ubscript.ions, so that there would be a balance available 'in
of publications and for the promotion of research'. This supposition has
not. houe\, r. been reali/ed, partly because of the fall in the rate of interest,
""d | younger men have been elected into the Society than
tO that the increase in the participators in the benefit
i been balanced by deaths to the extent anticipated. The
n that in 11)10 the income of the fund only reached ,£467 4*. !W.,
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIK n 179
while the payments should have been j£474, vi/. : ,('150 in respect of fifteen entrance fees, and ,£324 towards the annual contributions of 324 Fellows elected since 1878 and still living. There was thus in 11)10, for the first tim. . a deficit amounting to <£6 15*.
In response to an appeal from the President, in his Anniversary Address, for additions to the capital of the fund, one Fellow contributed £21, and shortly afterwards another Fellow, Prof. A. Schuster, made the munificent contribution of ,£1,000. Further deficits are in consequence put a stop to for the present. The capital of the fund now consists of <£9,533 London and North- Western Railway 3 percent. Perpetual Debenture Stock, and ,£6,346 17*. Metropolitan 3£ per cent. Stock.
No. 9. THE GASSIOT TRUST.
In the year 1871 the late Mr. John Peter Gassiot, F.R.S., conveyed to the Society ,£10,000 Italian Irrigation Bonds, for the purpose of assisting in carrying on and continuing magnetical and meteorological observations with self-recording instruments, and any other physical investigations that may from time to time be practicable and desirable in the Kew Observatory, in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, Surrey. The trust deed is given in full at p. 188.
The proceeds were, until 1900, paid over to the Kew Committee appointed in accordance with the trust deed. From time to time some of the Irrigation Bonds are drawn, and some profits have been made on reinvestment.
By the scheme of organization of the National Physical Laboratory (see p. 289) adopted in October, 1899, the Kew Observatory was incorporated therewith. The proceeds of the Trust Fund were paid over by the Gassiot Committee to the National Physical Laboratory Account of the Royal Society, the Kew Observatory Committee having been dissolved. The Gassiot Com- mittee, which consisted of those members of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory who were Fellows of the Royal Society, met every year, but their proceedings were little more than formal.
In 1910, after careful consideration, a new scheme for the management of Kew Observatory was adopted by the President and Council, and was sub- sequently approved by H.M. Treasury. Under this scheme the general direction of Kew Observatory, and also of the Eskdalemuir and Valencia Observatories, is entrusted to the Director of the Meteorological Office ; while the Meteorological Committee, so far as is consistent with the terms of their Parliamentary Grant, promote the maintenance of such magnetic, seismological, or other meteorological or geophysical observations and researches at the three Observatories as are from time to time recommended by the Gassiot Com- mittee, in addition to the meteorological observations and researches initiated by the Director of the Meteorological Office for the purposes of the Public Meteorological Service. The Gassiot Committee was reconstituted as a scientific committee on this basis. The proceeds of the Gassiot Trust Fund,
N 2
KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
the grant in aid made by the Treasury to the Royal Society for Eskdale- mujr '0,-y, is to be used in such manner as the Gassiot Committee
:or the maintenance of the work already referred to, in augmentation d for the purpose by the Meteorological Committee.
No. 10. THE GORE FUND.
l)r. Gore, I'.K.S., who died in 1908, bequeathed one half of the
residue of hi- estate to the Royal Society for the purpose of assisting original >cientific di>covery. The sum of ^2,436 18*. lOd. was received under the bequest, and wa> invested in ^?2,478 14s. 4d. India 3| per cent. Stock, The Council, while reserving to itself the right to apply the capital in assisting original scientific- discovery in any way it might think desirable, directed that, until it should otherwise order, the capital should remain invested and the interest only be so applied.
No. 11. THE GUNNING FUND.
In 1891 1 1 is Excellency Dr. Robert Halliday Gunning gave the Society his bond for X1 1,000, bearing interest at 4 per cent., to form a fund the annual income of which shall be applied triennially towards the promotion of Physical Science and Biology in such manner as to the President and Council may appear most desirable. Upon Dr. Gunning's death in 1900 the bond was discharged by his Executors, and the fund has been invested in ^^OSl 5*. 6J. Nottingham Corporation 3 per cent. Redeemable Stock. The rules for the administration of this fund will be found in the 'Year-book'.
NO. 12. THE HANDLEY FUND.
H\ the \\ill of Mr. E. H. Handley, dated 1840, the reversion of his property !K (jueatlml to the Society after the death of his sister, the income to be applied as a reward for important inventions in art or discoveries in science, physical and metaphysical, or for assistance in the prosecution of any -such invention or di^-ovcry, but with power to the President and Council to apply the income as they may deem best for the advancement of science.
Owing *«> the Statute of Mortmain, a considerable portion of the property
did not pa-** by thi> will, but eventually, in 1876, the sum of ,£6,378 19,v. wa>
< r paying I ,egacy Duty at the rate of 10 per cent, and legal
1< ft Millieieiit to purchase 1^,047 7s. 9d, Reduced 3 per cents.
-t \\-as threatened a few years ago, this was converted
int" »hire and Yorkshire Railway 4 percent. Guaranteed Stock,
it ri'.M) per annum. Of late years this has been applied preparing the Catalogue of Scientific Papers.
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY IM
No. 13. HUGHES MEDAL FUND.
Under the will of the late Professor David Edward Hughes, IK - . uh,, died in January, 1900, a bequest] of £4,000 was made to f with a direction to award the income annually as a prize either in money or in the form of a medal, or partly one and partly the other, for the reward of original discovery in the Physical Sciences, particularly Electricity and Mag- netism, or their applications, the prize or medal to be given under condit to be fixed from time to time by the Society on lines similar to those followed in the bestowal of the Copley, Rumford, and Royal Medals.
The Council accordingly decided to award annually a gold medal, to be called the ' Hughes Medal ', not exceeding in value the sum of £20, together with the balance of the income of the fund, to such person as the President and Council may consider the most worthy recipient, without restriction of sex or nationality, as the reward of original discovery in the Physical Sciences, particularly Electricity and Magnetism, or their applications, such discovery or applications having been published not less than one year before the award (p. 216).
The capital of the fund consists of ,£2,099 13s. Sd. Bath Corporation 3 per cent. Redeemable Stock, and ,£2,094 6$. 6d. Local Loans 3 per cent. Stock.
No. 14. THE JODRELL FUND.
The late Mr. T. J. Phillips Jodrell, in 1876, placed at the disposal of the Society the sum of ,£6,000, at first with the intention of encouraging in this country original research in the Physical Sciences, but subsequently, in the same year, with directions to apply the proceeds as part of the ordinary revenue of the Society. In 1879, £1,000 was, by Mr. JodrelPs directions, transferred to the Fee Reduction Fund, and the remaining <£5,000 is repre- sented by the sum of <£5,182 Us. IQd. 2% per cent. Consols.
On the death of Mr. Jodrell, in 1889, the proceeds of the fund, in accord- ance with a letter from him of April 5, 1878, devolved to and were incor- porated with the Donation Fund. The income is at present about ,£128.
No. 15. THE JOULE MEMORIAL FUND.
In 1890 the Joule Memorial Committee transferred to the Society the balance in their hands, the proceeds to be applied for the encouragement of research, both in England and abroad, especially amongst younger men, in those branches of physical science more immediately connected with Joule's work. According to the regulations made by the Council (see ' Year-book '), a studentship or grant is to be made every second year to assist research as already specified. These grants are to be made alternately in Great Britain and abroad. The fund consists of £1,000 London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Guaranteed 5 per cent. Stock and <£47 19*. 2d. 2% per cent. Annuities, the annual income being about £50.
KS2 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
No. 16. Tin-: KI-X'K BKQUKST.
In the vear 1711) a bequest of 1}500 was received from Robert Keck, F.R.S.,
who directed that the profits arising from it were 'to be bestowed on some one
of tlu- Felloes, whom they shall appoint to carry on a foreign correspondence'.
For main yean this bequest was merged in the general funds of the Society,
and the proceeds applied towards the payment of the Foreign Secretary. In
,ain made to appear as a separate trust fund, and £666 13s. 4d.
>ls was allotted as the equivalent. This has, at the present time, been
converted into I'iM'jO Midland Railway 2^ per cent. Debenture Stock, and the
are annually paid to the Foreign Secretary, who now receives no other
honorarium.
No. 17. THE MACKINNON RKSKARCH STUDENTSHIP.
I'nder the will of the late Sir William Mackinnon, Director-General of the Mediral Department of the Army, the Society received, in 1897, a bequest of the residue of his estate, subject to certain life annuities, upon trust, to be applied to the foundation and endowment of such prizes or scholarships for the special purpose of furthering Natural and Physical Science, including Geology and Astronomy, and of furthering original research and investigation ithology, as the Society may think best and most conducive to the pro- motion of those sciences and of original discoveries therein ; such prizes and scholarships to be called after the name of the testator.
The capital of the trust in the hands of the Society consists of ,£4,482 6s. r cent. Consols, .X'1,000 Metropolitan 2£ per cent. Stock, and <£3,991 London and North-Western Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock. There are at present two studentships of the annual value of £15Q9 but the income will hen, on the cessation of an annuity, <£>3,334 London and North- West em Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock will be transferred to the
••ty.
The regulations governing the award of the Studentship will be found in book'.
No. 18. THE ROSSK FUND.
'I'h nail fund, invested in £119 18s. 6d. Bank of Ireland Stock,
which was raised by the late Lord Rosse, F.R.S., for the maintenance of
vat ions at Valencia Observatory. It was transferred to the
in 11)10. The income is placed in the hands of the Meteoro-
1 Oilier, who undertake to pay the amount over to an observer at
•ory, so long as the Gassiot Committee consider the
; f" (' ay. The Council of the Royal Society are at
\, it' the observation! as at present made are discontinued, to employ
the income for adducing the science of terrestrial magnetism in Ireland.
I THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY
No. 19. THE RUM FORD Fr\i>. Count Rumford, F.R.S., in a letter to Sir Joseph Hanks, dated Juh i796, informed him, as President of the Society, that he had purchased and transferred ,£1,000 Stock in the funds of this country, to the end tha« interest of the same should be given once every second year as a premium to the author of the most important discovery or useful improvement which >hall be made or published by printing, or in any way made known to the public in any part of Europe during the preceding two years on heat or on light, the preference always being given to such discoveries as shall, in the opinion of the President and Council, tend most to promote the good of mankind. The premium is to take the form of two medals, the one of gold and the other of silver, to be together of the value of two years' interest on the ,£1,000, or £60 sterling. In case of there being no new discovery in heat or light during any term of years which, in the opinion of the President and Council, is of sufficient importance to deserve the premium, direction is given to invest its value in the purchase of additional stock in the English Funds, and the interest of this additional capital is to be given in money, with the two medals, at each succeeding adjudication. In a subsequent letter, Count Rumford suggests that the premium should be limited to new discoveries tending to improve the theories of fire, of heat, of light, and of colours, and to new inventions and contrivances by which the generation, and preservation, and management of heat and of light may be facilitated. Chemical discoveries and improvements in optics, so far as they answer any of these conditions, are to be within the limits of the premium, but the Count wishes especially to encourage such practical improvements in the management of heat and light as tend directly and powerfully to increase the enjoyments and comforts of life, especially in the lower and more numerous classes of society. The first recipient of the medals was Count Rumford himself. Previously to 1846 it was not unfrequently the case that no medal was adjudicated for four years. Indeed between 1818 and 1832 the only recipient was M. Fresnel. As a consequence the invested funds have increased to £2,367 2$. 6d., but the interest is now only 2£ per cent. The annual income is at present about £59, and the sum of money that accompanies the medals about £60 (see p. 212).
No. 20. THE SCIENTIFIC RELIEF FUND.
This most excellent and valuable institution originated in the year 1859, in a proposition of Mr. J. P. Gassiot, F.R.S., that a fund of this kind should be founded for the aid of such scientific men, or their families, as may from time to time require assistance. A circular announcing the project was
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
,1 hv {lie Society, in May, 1859, and by the following July ,£2,500 had
Bribed By tlu- end of 1864, the amount of <£5,000 had been reached,
and B the fund consisted of ,£6,052 17s. 8d. New 3 per cent.
Amur
t'ntil 1884 the amount remained stationary at a little under ^6,500, but legacies from the late Sir AY. Siemens, of ,£1,000, and from Mr. Bentham, of about ,£500, gave it a sensible help.
In November, 1885, however, a noble offer was made by Sir William
praidfl Lord) Armstrong, to present a sum of about £6,500 to the fund
on the understanding that an equal sum should be raised by subscription,
and further that the fund might be used in cases of urgent necessity for the
-ion of the tees of Fellows.
Although bv the beginning of 1887 it was not found possible to raise
more than about X'4,200 by subscription, Lord Armstrong, in February, 1887,
munificently increased his contribution to ,£7,800, so that in all £*12,000
added to the fund. Since that date about <£800 more have accrued
from bequests from Mr. H. B. Brady and others, and from donations. The
inent invented capital of the fund now consists of
.(>0() London and North- Western Railway 4 per cent. Guaranteed
Stock ; LSI 2t. 1W., Great Northern Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock ;
and .'HO South-Eastern Railway 5 per cent. Debenture Stock;
producing an income of about <£670.
The administration of the fund is entrusted to a committee consisting i members, of whom two retire annually, and applications for grants are through the Presidents of chartered and incorporated scientific societies, under regulations which will be found in the * Year-book'.
No. 21. THE SORBY RESEARCH FUND.
The late Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., who died in 1908, by his will bequeathed
of r ]:>.()()() to the Society, to be held in trust for the establishment
.--hip or Fellowship for original scientific research; the object
the discovery of new facts, rather than the teaching of
known. The testator directed that the Fellowship should be
! with tlu Cniversity of Sheffield so long as, in the opinion of
the Council of the Royal Society, the University is efficiently equipped in
"1 •••I'pliai.ci's. If such efficient equipment is lacking then the
•(ministered in such manner as the Council shall think best
for the promotion of original research.
T1"' ^1"'1'"- »»r tl'«- administration of the fund, and the rules made mder in accordance with the directions of the testator, provide that
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 185
the income shall be administered, and appointments to the Fellowships , by a Committee consisting of
(1) Four persons appointed by the Council of the Royal Society ;
(2) One person appointed by the Council of the University of Sheffield; ami
(3) Two persons appointed by the Senate of the University of Slu-fhYM. The scheme and rules are set out in the 4 Year-book \
The capital of the fund is invested in ,£15.503 16*. 6d. India 3£ per « Stock, and ^246 5*. 6d. 2| per cent. Consols.
No. 22. SYLVESTER MEDAL FUND.
Soon after the death of Professor J. J. Sylvester, F.R.S., in 1897, a number of his friends considered the advisability of founding some suitable memorial in honour of his name and life-work. The suggestion met with a ready response from all parts of the world, and a powerful and represen- tative International Committee was formed. A sum of nearly £9QQ was subscribed, and it was decided to found a medal and prize for the encourage- ment and reward of working mathematicians throughout the world. The Council of the Royal Society undertook the trust conditionally upon the medal being awarded triennially and irrespective of nationality. A medal, accompanied by a grant of the balance of the Sylvester Medal Fund, is accordingly awarded triennially for the Encouragement of Mathematical Research. The fund is invested in ,£795 16*. 5J. Local Loans Stock (see p. 216).
No. 23. THE TRAVELLING EXPENSES FUND.
In 1908 Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S., gave ,£1,500 to the Society to form, together with any additions that might be made thereto at any time by voluntary contributions, the capital of a fund, of which the income is to be used to pay the travelling expenses of the delegates sent by the Royal Society to the meetings of the International Association of Academies, and, when a sufficient balance has accumulated, to pay the travelling expenses of the Royal Society delegates to other international meetings, and the maintenance of such delegates. The regulations for the administration of the fund, settled in accordance with the wishes of Professor Schuster, are to be found in the 'Year-book'.
The capital of the fund is invested in ,£1,504 19,y. 6d. Bristol Corporation 3J per cent. Redeemable Stock.
No. 24. THE TYNDALL MINING RESEARCH FUND.
In 1910 Mrs. Tyndall, in pursuance of a wish expressed by her husband, the late Professor Tyndall, F.R.S., entrusted to the Society the sum of ,£1,000, to be administered at the discretion of the President and Council for the purpose of encouraging and furthering research in all matters pertaining to mining,
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
including such question* as ventilation, temperature, diseases incident to miners,
other lines of scientific inquiry conducive to the improvement of
mining "and the lot of miners. The fund is invested in .£1,010 1*. New
cent. Stock.
N... 25. Tin \VI\TUIM.HAM FUND.
In i;:>l • stun of X'1.2(K) Consols was bequeathed to the Society by litton Wintringham, M.D., F.H.S., payable on the decease of his widow, and subject to certain conditions; the interest or dividends to be for the purch IM of a -silver cup, of 1'30 value, to be given to such person as should in ten months after advertisement present the most satisfactory experimental i mat ion of one of three subjects chosen by vote of the Society. It was not, however, until 1842 that, after a tedious law suit, an amount of ,£1,200 Consol> was transferred to the Society. It was then found that the conditions of the will were >o stringent, and involved so much expense, that it was prac- tically impossible to fulfil them, even when the rate of interest on Consols was '>"> per cent, instead of, as at present, 2J per cent., and there being a further provision that in case of failure on the part of the Society to fulfil the inten- tion- of the testator, the income of the fund should be paid over to the mors of the Foundling Hospital, that institution has in each year received the interest accruing from the fund.
In addition to the medals included in the above trusts, two medals are annually presented by His Majesty the King, the award being entrusted to
the *-
ROYAL MEDALS.
The Koyal Medals were founded by H.M. King George IV, the proposal to found them being conveyed in a letter from Sir Robert Peel to Sir Humphry mber 3, 1S25. They were at first awarded for the most important discoveries completed and made known to the Royal Society in • the year preceding the day of their award', but soon after the foundation this WAI changed to 'within five years preceding the day of such award". ll.M. King William IV continued the foundation under the condition that the subject-matter of the inquiry should be previously settled and propounded l»y the Council three years preceding the day of the award.
gu.-i-n Victoria upon amending the throne continued the grant of two Royal M.daK annually under the annexed resolutions, proposed by the Council, and approved by Her Majesty, vi/. :
I hat the Koyal Medals he given for such Papers only as have been pre- d t«, the K,,N;,1 Society, and inserted in their "Transactions11.
'That the triennial cvcle of subjects be: —
• I. Asti<nioinv;lM)\Molo^y,includingtheNaturalHistoryofOrganizedBeings. "-• I'1 » olo^y, or Mineralogy.
. Chemistry.
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 187
'That, in case no paper coming within these stipulations should be con- sidered deserving of the Royal Medal in any given year, the Council have the power of awarding such medal to the author of any other paper on either of the several subjects forming the cycle that may have been presented to th, Society, and inserted in their "Transactions", preference being given to the subjects of the year immediately preceding ; the award being in such case subject to the approbation of Her Majesty."1
On June 13, 1850, it was resolved that these regulations < should be altered, substituting for them regulations to the following effect: That the Royal Medals in each year should be awarded for the two most important contribu- tions to the advancement of Natural Knowledge, published originally in Her Majesty's dominions within a period of not more than ten years, and not less than one year of the date of the award, subject, of course, to Her Majesty's approval '.
It was at the same meeting resolved: — 'That it is desirable that, in the award of the Royal Medals, one should be given in each year to each of the two great divisions of Natural Knowledge/
It is upon these lines that the Royal Medals are still awarded.
Upon his accession to the throne King Edward VII continued the grant of the Royal Medals.
His Majesty King George V has likewise been graciously pleased to follow in this matter the practice of his royal predecessors (see pp. 193, 213).
Since 1900, by order of the Council, a Memorandum has been inserted in the ' Year-book ', containing the following passage with reference to the creation of new trusts for the award of medals : —
' Every year the Council have to award several medals, including the Copley, Royal, Rumford, Davy, Darwin, Buchanan, Sylvester, and Hughes Medals, or some of these, and have been led by experience to the conclusion that it is neither to the advantage of the Society nor in the interests of the advancement of Natural Knowledge that this already long list of medals should in future be added to, and that, therefore, no further bequests to be awarded as prizes for past achievements should be accepted by the Society.'
KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
GASSIOT DECLARATION OF TRUST
'I'll IS INDFVn'UE made the twenty-ninth day of June one thousand eight hundred and •eventy-onc HKTWKKN JOHN PETER GASSIOT of Clapham Common in the county of Surrey Esquire F.R.S. of the one part and THE I'HKSIDFNT COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
(hereinafter called the said Royal Society) of the other part.
\Vnri; i A- the said John Feter Gassiot is possessed of Italian Irrigation Bonds of the nominal value of Ten thousand pounds having the security of the Italian Government besides being secured on the revenues of the Cavour Canal.
As.. \\ in aEAfl the said John Peter Gas'siot is desirous of devoting the said Bonds and the produce thereof and the income thereof to the purposes herein- after expressed and accordingly has caused the said Bonds (which pass by delivery) to be handed over to the said Royal Society, and the same are now in tlu-ir custody as they do hereby acknowledge.
\ TMJS INDKMI UK WITNESSETH and it is hereby agreed and declared l>et \\een and by the persons parties hereto and the said John Peter Gassiot nor u by this deed which is intended to be executed by him in the presence of and to be attested by two credible witnesses and to be forthwith enrolled in the High Court of Chancery DIRECT that the said Royal Society their igns shall hold the said Bonds and the moneys thereby secured as a fund for the purpose of assisting and carrying on and continuing
letical and meteorological observations with self-recording instruments and am other physical investigations that may from time to time be found practicable and desirable in the Kew Observatory in the Old Deer Park at Richmond in the County of Surrey now belonging to Her Majesty's Govern- ment or in the event of that Government at any time declining or ceasing to continue placing that building at the disposition of the said Royal Society then in any other suitable building that the Council for the time being of the
Koyul Societv may determine.
D for tin- carrying out of such purpose as aforesaid upon trust that the K M\al Society their successors and assigns shall receive the principal moncy> secured by the said Bonds as and when they shall be compellable to me and (subject to the proviso hereinafter contained for rein- id principal moneys on like Italian Irrigation Bonds if the lie obtained) invest the moneys to be received by them as aforesaid in the name off he said Royal Society their successors or assigns in or upon any Parliamentary Mocks or public funds of Great Britain or on the Stock of i'> mil «.f F.ngland or Ireland or any Fast India Stock or at interest upon d or leasehold securities in England Wales or Ireland either
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY iv
subject or not subject to prior mortgages or incumbrances (so as such lease- hold securities shall not have a less time to run than sixty years at the date of investment) or in or upon the mortgages bonds debentures or other securities of any Railway Company or other Company in the United Kin-dom incor- porated by Act of Parliament or Charter or of the Commissioners or Trustees for any public undertaking or undertakings who may be authorized by Act of Parliament to borrow money arid do and shall at their own discretion from time to time vary the same stocks funds or securities into or for other stocks funds or securities of a like nature.
AND do and shall be possessed of the said sum of Ten thousand pounds Italian Irrigation Bonds and the moneys to be received or arise or be produced in respect thereof and the stocks funds or securities on which the same may be invested (hereinafter called the said Trust Fund) and the annual produce thereof upon trust to pay to a Committee of the said Royal Society (to be appointed in manner hereinafter mentioned) the annual produce of the said Trust Fund or so much of such annual produce as the said Committee may or shall from time to time require to the intent that the same may be applied by the said Committee generally towards continuing and maintaining such Observatory as is hereinbefore mentioned and providing for the expenses of conducting and carrying on such observations and inves- tigations as are hereinbefore referred to. And also for or towards the repairs or insurance of any such Observatory or for the repair or insurance or improvement of the present instruments in use for any of the purposes afore- said or for providing and keeping in repair insuring and improving any new instruments as the said Committee may from time to time in their absolute discretion deem expedient and generally for carrying out the objects of the Trust hereby created in such manner as may from time to time be determined by the said Committee having regard to any conditions under which the right to use any Observatory may be held.
AND UPON TRUST from time to time to invest any surplus of the annual produce of the said Trust Fund in the names or name of the said Royal Society their successors or assigns upon any such stocks funds or securities as hereinbefore are mentioned to be from time to time varied as to the said Royal Society their successors or assigns shall seem proper.
AND IT is HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED that any such surplus annual produce as aforesaid and the stocks funds and securities upon which the same shall be invested and the accumulations thereof shall be held and applied by the said Royal Society their successors or assigns upon the same trusts and for the same purposes as are hereby declared of the said original Trust Fund and shall be considered part thereof yet so nevertheless that any such accumulations as aforesaid shall from time to time on the request of
I'.H) RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Committee bo paid over to tlicm in order to be dealt with in the hereby provided with reference to the annual produce of Trust Fund.
D A.LWATS \\i) IT is HKKKHY ACKKKD AXD DECLARED that inasmuch
! ilian Irrigation Bonds are redeemable by annual drawings when
ken as any such Bond shall be drawn so much of the money paid on
• ption of such Bond as shall according to the then market price in
London IK- the value of similar Bonds shall be invested as capital in the
purcl -imilar Bond if the same can then be obtained and the residue
..f shall bo doomed to be and shall be dealt with as income for all the
purposes of tli nts.
Puovim D AI.WAY.S AVI) IT is HKUKHY AcitEKD AND DECLARED that the entire
lament of the annual produce of the said Trust Fund shall be entrusted
Committee to be from time to time appointed by the Council for the
the said Royal Society and that the services of such said
Committee (like those of the present Meteorological Committee nominated
at the request of Her Majesty's Government) shall be entirely gratuitous.
A vi i IT is HKUKHY FI KTiiKR AGREED AXD DECLARED that an annual statement
•••ipfs and expenditure shall be prepared by the said Committee together
with any report or reports that the said Committee may from time to time
to he desirable and that such statement of receipts and expenditure
and such report or reports shall be presented to the said Royal Society and
M( li report or reports or an epitome or abstract thereof shall be published
in th proceedings of the said Royal Society or in such other form as the
Council of the said Royal Society may from time to time determine.
MI i;iin iTKTHiu AC; REED AND DECLARED that the aforesaid
Committee shall make such bye-laws and regulations in reference to their
•ings and other proceedings as they may from time to time think proper
••md t] resolution of the Committee for the payment by the said Royal
'y their or assigns either to such Committee or to any other
person or persons (,f ;m\ moneys under the trusts of these Presents shall be
••••ant tor Mich payment and shall completely exonerate the said
• ty their n and assigns.
D II- [I III Hl.liY FIRTHKK ACRKKI) AM) DECLARED that if
' )bsoi -\atory or any other suitable observatory that
ilMituted for the said Kew Observatory being at anytime discon-
tin'M-d »1. 0 be recorded' and the investigations shall
for tlie ipace of twelve consecutive calendar months or for
such further period (not exceeding in the whole including the before-mentioned
twelve calendar months thirty-six consecutive calendar months) as the Council
THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY p.n
of the Royal Society shall determine the said Trust Fund together with all accumulations (if any) shall be paid over to the person who shall tor the time being be de facto the Treasurer of the Corporation for Mid. 11. Class Education in the metropolis and the suburbs thereof incorporated l.\ I; Charter bearing date the twelfth day of June One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six to the intent that the same may be applied for tin- UM .u.d benefit of such Corporation in such manner as it may think lit and as i of its general funds and the receipt of such Treasurer as aforesaid .hall }>e a sufficient discharge to the person or persons paying over the said Trust Fund in manner aforesaid.
PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY FURTHKII AGREED AND m <.i . \I;KI> that if at the date of the failure in manner aforesaid of the trusts hereby created in favour of the said Royal Society the said Corporation for Middle Class Educa- tion in the metropolis and the suburbs thereof shall have ceased to exist u a Corporation then and in such case the said Royal Society shall direct such a disposition of the said Trust Fund and any accumulations thereof in favour qf some other charitable object or objects as to the said Royal Society shall at their absolute discretion seem fit.
PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY FURTHER AGREED AND DECLARED that in the event of the said Kew Observatory or any such substituted observatory as aforesaid being discontinued as aforesaid it shall be lawful for the said Royal Society to apply the whole or any part of the annual produce of the said Trust Fund and any such accumulations as aforesaid and the annual produce of such accumulations arising during any period not exceeding thirty-six calendar months then next following such discontinuance and also (with the consent of the said John Peter Gassiot during his life and after his decease at the discretion of the said Royal Society) any part not exceeding one equal fourth part of the principal money arising from or representing the said original Trust Fund in and towards obtaining a site for a new observatory and building completing or furnishing such new observatory as to the said Royal Society shall seem fit and that any and every such new observatory shall when completed be deemed to be a substitute observatory for the said Kew Observatory for all purposes within the meaning and intent of these Presents.
PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED that the said Royal Society their successors or assigns shall not be accountable or responsible for the loss by accident or fraud of or damage to or the destruction by fire of the said Italian Irrigation Bonds or any of them or any other securities in which the Trust Fund or any part thereof may be invested or for the acts or defaults of any banker broker or other person with whom the said bonds or any of them or any other securities or the said Trust Fund or any part thereof
1 »j KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
iv time be deported or left either for temporary custody or for the of being paid off or reinvested or otherwise.
WAYS tli.it as an authority to the said Committee for any act
<>i- tiling which mav he required by the Council of the said Royal Society to
IK- .I ;rh Committee any writing signed by any person purporting
•iMiivr of the said Royal Society shall be a sufficient direction
lanction.
IN wi PNE88 \\ hereof tlie said John Peter Gassiot hath hereunto set his hand and MM! and the said President Council and Fellows of the Royal Society have hereunto >et their Common Seal the day and year first above written.
aled and delivered j
!>v the above-named
. }• (Sgned) J. P. GASSIOT.
John Peter Gassiot in | v
the presence of . . J
(Signed) WALTER WHITE, Asst. Sec., R.S. (Signed) HENRY B. WHEATLEY, Clerk.
The >eal of the Royal Society \
- affixed here in the I . (Seal )
of ..... J
(Signed) WALTER WHITE, Asst. Sec., R.S. (Signed) HENRY B. WHEATLEY, Clerk.
CHAPTER V
PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY
AT a Meeting of Council holden December 14, 1663, it was ' Ordered, that the Secretary bring in a list of the Names of all the K factors to the Society, together with their Donations, and the time when they presented them.
' Ordered, that the Benefactors be registered in loose vellum sheets/ Similar orders were made on December 3, 1674, on April 27, 1682, and on several subsequent dates. Unfortunately these early lists of Benefactors are not now extant, and no list drawn up at the present day can pretend to be complete. The subjoined list is compiled principally by aid of the Index to the MS. Council Minutes, and is complete only in respect of benefactions of £oQ and upwards there recorded. The dates given are, in most cases, those of the Council Meetings in the minutes of which the gifts are recorded. Many more names would be added if the lists of subscribers to special funds were consulted, but in these cases only the names of the founders of such funds are here given.
KING CHARLES II.
1662. July 15. Granted to the Society a Charter of Incorporation.
1663. August 3. Presented the Society with a mace of silver, richly gilt, weighing 150 oz. troy weight.
1667. September 27. Granted the Society Chelsea College and lands, which were ultimately conveyed by Royal Patent dated April 8, 1669 (see pp. 25, 27, 94, 105).
KING GEORGE III.
1768. March 24. Ordered the sum of ,£04,000 clear of fees to be paid to the Society, to enable them to send expeditions to observe the Transit of Venus. The surplus left, after paying all the expenses connected with the expeditions, was ordered by the King to be carried to the credit of the Society.
KING GEORGE IV.
1825. December 15. Founded two Gold Medals of the value of Fifty guineas each (see Royal Medals, pp. 186, 213).
KING WILLIAM IV.
1833. March 28. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.
O
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
<^i i KN VICTORIA. 1838. July .">. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.
KIM; EI>WAKI> VII. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.
KIM; GKOKOK V. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.
1663. Die ember 11. W. Balle. Gift of <£TOO and 'an iron Chest having three Lock, and Keycs \ This chest is still in use.
June :>2. Sir John Cutler. Settled an annual stipend of <£50 a year upon Robert Ilooke, for a Lectureship, empowering the President, Council, and 1 \-llo\\ s of the Society to appoint the subjects and number of lectures. February Ml. Daniel Colwall. Gift of £100.— < Voted, that the Fiftv pounds in cash; that were formerly presented by Mr. Colwall, be delivered out, to be added to another Fifty pounds presented by the same, to pay for the Collection of Rarities, formerly belonging to Mr. Hubbard;
1666-7. January M. Henry Howard (afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk). Gift to the Society of ' the Library of Arundel House, to dispose thereof heir property' (see p. 233). The Society 'ordered that Mr. Howard should be registered as a benefactor1.
1673. November :>7. Dr. Wilkins, Bishop of Chester. Bequest of <£400. invested January .'21, 1674-5, in a Fee Farm Rent at Lewes.
Nm-rmher 11. Samuel Pepys. A gift of ^50, « to be laid out as the Council shall judge most convenient.'* The money was used to pay for ~>" I Mat ex to Willughby's 'Historia Piscium \
Sir Isaac Newton. ,£190.— At the Meeting of the Council on January .\J1. 1707, the President, Sir Isaac Newton, 'proposed to the Council] of the Society that if they would please to accept of free Gifts, of .ibout 10 or 20 pounds, from any of their members, English or «, to be paid after the death of the Donors, for promoting Natural Philosophy, he had a prospect of obtaining some such Gifts ; and tin- Comic-ill agreed to accept of them with thanks.' At the meeting on L708 !', 'the President gave the Society twenty pounds instead of the like sume he intended after his death; which was orderVl to be put up by itself, and to be subject to such End or Benefaction as » he IV,ident shall direct.1 On December 14, 1710, 'the President ac(|!iainted the Couneill that he would give towards the easing of the Debt of y' Society for y" House [in Crane Court], besides the twenty I reserved, One Hundred Pounds.1 On November 6, 1718, k »l" jiiainted the Council that Sir Isaac Newton had lately
paid him as a Gift to the Society seventy pounds.1
BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY 195
1709. February 23. Dame Mary Sadleir, Relict of Dr. William Croone. Founded the Croonian lecture (sec pp. 176,217) by bequest of 'One Fifth of the Clear Rent of a house at the corner of Lambeth Hill \ for that purpose.
1710. March 17. Lord Halifax. £100.
1710. December 14. Dr. Hans Sloane, Secretary R.S. «£J10<>.
1710. December 14. Alexander Pitfield, Treasurer H.S. r 100.
1711. May 30. R. Balle. ^50. 1711. June 26. T. Isted. ^50.
1711. June 26. Sir David Hamilton. £oO.
1712. April 8. Richard Waller. ^100. Waller built the 'Repository' for the Society at a cost of ^400 and accepted ,£300 as payment in full, on condition that he should be registered as a benefactor.
1716. July 5. Francis Aston. Bequest of an estate at Mablethorpe, in Lincolnshire, consisting of 55 acres, 2 roods, and 2 perches, and ' half the overplus of his estate above Debts and Legacies ', realizing ,£445 0$. 7d.
1717. June 20. Sir Godfrey Copley, Bart. ^100 in trust for the Royal Society, 'to be laid out in experiments, or otherwise, for the benefit thereof, as they shall direct and appoint."* The will was dated October 14, 1704, and proved in the Prerogative Court, April 11, 1709 ; first applied to the purchase of a medal in 1736 (see pp. 174, 210).
1717. October 24. S. Hill. £50.
1717. October 24. Thomas Paget, D.D. Bequest of two houses in Coleman
Street, worth about ^100 per annum. 1719. October 26. Robert Keck. Bequest of ^500 to the Society ' to
support their forreign correspondence '. 1741. December 16. Martin Folkes. £100, as a present to the Society 4 to
assist them in the present low state of their Revenue '. 1754. November 14. Samuel Hickman. Bequest of ,£100. 1754. November 21. Martin Folkes. Bequest of <£200 in money and a
portrait of Sir Francis Bacon.
1769. February 2. Robert Smith, D.D. Bequest of ^?100. 1775. Henry Baker. Bequest of ,£100, the interest to be applied for an
oration or discourse in Natural History or Experimental Philosophy (see
Bakerian Lecture, pp. 174, 224). 1786. July 27. Earl Stanhope. Bequest of <£500. 1796. May 5. William Benson Earle. Bequest of £'210 ' for the purchase
of Books for the Society's Library \ 1796. November 24. Count Rumford. Gift of ^1,000 Stock to found the
Rumford Medals (see pp. 183, 212). 1828. December 11. William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. Gift of ,£2,000
3 per cent. Consols, to be called the Donation Fund, the dividends to be
applied in promoting experimental researches (see p. 177). 1828. December 11. Davies Gilbert. Gift of .£1,000 to the Donation Fund.
02
106 HFAOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
, Janii.t !. Guillemard. Gift of £100 to the Donation Fund.
Ig3<» Sir Clifton \Yintringhsim. Bequest of £1,200 3 per cent.
Consolidated Hank Annuities, for the annual award of a Silver Cup to ior of tin- most satisfactory Experimental Examination of one of certain subjects (see p. 1H6). 1843. November 3n. Kdwin Hill Hundley. Bequest of £6,3 78 19.9. Founder
of the Hundley Fund (seep. 180).
1843. November 30. Thomas Botfield. Bequeathed 'such a sum of money, by way of donation, as would have been payable if he had been made a Life" Member ' of the Royal Society. (£60.)
>. B. ( )liveirn. Gift of £50 for the Promotion of Science. 1864. ( Vtoher 'J7 . Heriah Botfield. -Bequest of ,£70.
aber 21. B. Oliveira. Bequest of £4,000, reduced after a chancery suit to £1,506 17 ft. Id. (Minutes, October 28, 1869). This applied to the construction of the telescope afterwards lent to Dr. Hiiggins, since presented to the University of Cambridge.
April "22. Dr. John Davy, bequeathed the Service of Plate presented to Sir Humphry Davy for the invention of the Safety Lamp, in fulfil- ment of Sir II. Davy's intentions, to be melted down and sold, in order from the proceeds to found a medal (see p. 177). It produced £736 8,v. 5d. 1^71. June 1 5. John Peter Gassiot. Securities representing £10,000 4 given to the Royal Society upon trust, for the purpose of assisting in carrying on and continuing mugnetical and meteorological observations ... in the Keu Observatory1 (see pp. 179, 188).
October 30. E. H. Sterling. 'Donation of <£100 to the funds of
the Socielx."
1874. June 1 S. Sir Francis Ronalds. Bequest of £500 * for the Augmenta- tion of the Wollaston [Donation] Fund' (see p. 177).
1874. October 2f). Henry Dircks. Bequest of one-fourth of his residue, amounting (see Minutes, May 18, 1876) to £878 12*. Wd.
il>er 30. Sir Charles Wheatstone. Bequest of £500 for the Donation Fund, and several portraits.
Febru;iry 17. T. J. Phillips Jodrell. Gift of ,£6,000 to be applied in any manner 'most conducive to the encouragement, among our countrymen, of original research in the Physical Sciences1 (see p. 181).
Address, Iloy. Soc. Proc., vol. 26, p. 429.) A sum of jP.VM) contributed anonymously by five Fellows to the Society's funds.
April 11. James Young. A donation of ,£1,000, ' for the general
purpo^ of the Society/ This donation was devoted to the 'Publication
T (June M7, 1S7S), afterwards merged in the Fee Reduction Fund
r Joseph Whitworth. Gift of £2,000 to the Fee Fund.
BENEFACTORS Ol THE SOCIETY i:>7
1879. January 16. Sir William (afterwards I Ami) Armstrong. Gift of
,£1,000 to the Fee Reduction Fund. 1879. February 27. Sydney Ellis. 4An unconditional bequest to the
Society of £1,000.'
1879. April 24. Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart. Bequest of £1,500 to the Society, 'the interest to be applied to the promotion of scientific research/
1880. December 16. Miss H. E. Pipe. Gift of ,£105 in aid of the publica- tion of Mr. W. K. Parker's papers.
1881. March 24. Sir Joseph Copley, Bart. Gift of .£1,666 13*. 4d. 3 per cent. Consols 'to provide in perpetuity a yearly bonus of £50 to be given to the recipient of the Copley Medal '.
1884. January 17. Sir William Siemens. Bequest of £1,000 free -of legacy duty, to the Scientific Relief Fund.
1884. October 30. George Bentham. Bequest of £1,000 to the Scientific- Relief Fund ; afterwards reduced to .£567 by an informality in the will.
1885. April 23. James Budgett. Gift of £100 in aid of the publication of Professor W. K. Parker's Researches.
1886. February 18. Dr. Ludwig Mond. Donation of 500 guineas to the Scientific Relief Fund.
1886. November 30. Sir William (afterwards Lord) Armstrong. Donation
of £7,800 to the Scientific Relief Fund (see p. 183). 1888. March 15. Dr. J. F. Main. A telescope and the piers built for it
at St. Moritz. 1891. February 19. Henry Bowman Brady, F.R.S. Bequest of all his books
and papers relating to the Protozoa, and £300 free of duty, upon trust
for the purchase of works on the same or kindred subjects.
1891. October 29. His Excellency Dr. Robert Halliday Gunning gave the Society his bond for £1,000 to found the Gunning Fund (see p. 180).
1892. December 8. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Gift of £2,000 « to assist in carrying on the Catalogue of Scientific Papers \
1893. May 18. Earl of Derby. Bequest of £2,000.
1894. June 21. Dr. Ludwig Mond. Contribution towards the cost of the Subject Index to the Catalogue of Scientific Papers. ' One-half of the total expenditure in excess of the sum of £1,500 available for this purpose out of the .£2,000 already placed at the disposal of the Society [see above], provided the Society or others are willing to contribute the remainder of such sum.'
1897. November. Sir William Mackinnon. Residue of his estate upon trust for the foundation and endowment of prizes and scholarships for the purpose of furthering Natural and Physical Science, and of furthering original research and investigation in Pathology (see p. 182).
1900. January. Professor David Edward Hughes, F.R.S. Bequest of £4,000.
198 KKC'OUD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Income to In- auurded annually for the reward of original discovery in tlu- Plu-ical Sciences, particularly Electricity and Magnetism (see p. 181).
.Inly. Dr. Lmlwig Mond. F.R.S. Gift of ,£6,000, payable in four annual instalment of iM, :,()<), to assist in carrying on the Catalogue of •itific Paper-.
( K-tober. Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Gift of ^1,000 for the same purpose.
1903. June. Anonymous. Gift of ,£1,000 for the same purpose.
1904. Nov. mint-. Anonymous. Gift of ^500 for the same purpose. November. Mr. Frank McClean, F.R.S., bequeathed ^2,000 for the
ml purposes of the Society.
1905. October. Mr-. Tyndall. Gift of .£1,000 for the general purposes of the Society, in accordance with -the wishes of Professor John Tyndall,
r.u.s.
1906. October. Miss Wolfe. Gift of ,£100 for scientific research.
1906. November. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Gift of ,£6,000, payable in three annual instalments of ,£2,000, to assist in carrying on the Catalogue of Scientific Papers.
November. Anonymous. Gift of .£500 for the scientific purposes of the Society.
1908. October. Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S. Donation of .£1,500, the income therefrom to be used towards defraying the travelling expenses of delegates sent by the Society to meetings of the International Association of Academies, and other Scientific Congresses.
1908. November. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Donation of =£2,000 towards the cost of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers.
I'.M)'.). .January. Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S. Bequest of ,£15,000 for the purpose of establishing a Professorship or Fellowship for original research in connexion with the University of Sheffield. See page 184. 1!MM). January. Professor Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.R.S. Donation of ^50 towards the expense of the publications of the Society, as a mark of his appreciation of their scientific value.
! >n la r\ . 1 )r. George Gore, F.R.S. Bequest of one-half of the residue of his estate, amounting to <£2,436 18«s. 10d., for the purpose of assisting • ntific discovery.
1909. June. Mi^s Wolfe. Bequest of one-third of the residue of her estate to the Society free of restrictions. c£8,200 has been received, and there will I*- a further sum on the sale of some real estate.
!'.)()!>. July. Mrs. Tyndall. Gift of ,£1,000 for the purpose of encouraging mining research. Sec page 185.
iber, Dr. Ludwitr Mond, F.R.S., bequeathed to the Society,
subject t.o the life interest of his wife, the sum of .£50,000, 'the income
of which is to be employed in the endowment of research in Natural
ice, more particularly but not exclusively in Chemistry and Physics,
BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIKTY
by providing rewards for new dix-ovcries, and pecuniary assistance (in- cluding scholarships) to persons pursuing sclent ilic in Motivations, and in supplying apparatus and appliances for Laboratories and Observ-at and, so far as consistent with the Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, 1888, or other similar provisions, in improving existing or erecting new Laboratories and Observatories, and in such other manner ;i> tin- I; Society shall decide to be best calculated to promote Scientific Research. And also in providing so far and in such amounts as the Council of tin Royal Society shall from time to time determine for the publication and circulation of the reports and papers communicated to the said Scx-iet\. and for the preparation and publication of Catalogues and Indexes of Scientific Literature which the Royal Society may have undertaken or may in the future undertake.'
1909. November. Anonymous. A former benefactor, not a Fellow, gave dPSOO, ' with the usual anonymity, for scientific purposes under the aegis of the Royal Society/
1909. December. Major Daniels. Gift of ,£100 for the scientific purposes of the Society.
1911. May. Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S. Gift of <£l,000for the purpose, of the Fee Reduction Fund.
CHAPTER VI
PATRONS AND OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SINCE ITS FOUNDATION
PATRONS
His Majesty Ki\c CUAKLKS II, Founder.
„ „ JAMKS II, Fellow.
„ „ GEORGE I, Patron.
„ „ GEORGE II, Patron.
„ „ GEORGE III, Patron.
„ „ GEORGE IV, Patron.
„ „ WILLIAM IV, Patron.
Her Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA, Patron. His Majesty KING EDWARD VII, Patron.
„ „ GEORGE V, Patron.
PRESIDENTS
Tenure of Office. William. Viscount Brouncker ....'.. Apr. 22, 1663-Nov. 30, 1677
J<> (.-): ft. April 5, 1084. Adhered to Chas. I, and after the Restoration was appointed by (lias. II Chancellor of the Queen Consort, and Keeper of her Great ! (I <',<;:_>) ; One of the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral (1664), and Master of St. Catherine's Hospital (1681). Mathematician ; the HiM to introduce continued fractions.
Sir .Jos.-pli Williamson, Kt ....... Nov. 30, 1677-Nov. 30, 1680
17»'l. M.A., D.C.L. (Oxon.). Statesman and diplomatist. Keeper of the state l'.,,,er Office (IOC,]); Editor (1665) of 'Oxford Gazette', afterwards ' Ixiiidon (ia/ette'. Secretary of State (1674-8). Subsequently employed on diplomatic mi— ion-..
i.ristophrr Wn-n. Kt ........ Nov. 30, 1680-Nov. 30, 1682
l-Vb. •-'.->. 1722-8. M.A., D.C.L. (Oxon.), LL.l). (Camb.).
Profe^or of Avtronomy at (iresliam College (1657). Savilian Professor of
Astronomy at Oxford (ICG] 7;i). Discoverer in the fundamental principles of
liidint: tlie la\v of reactioii. Arcliitect of St. Paul's Cathedral and
i\ London Chmvhrs:. Prominent member of the circle which was incorporated
.il Society.
FORMER PHKS1 DIALS
Sir John Iloskins, Bart ......... Nov. 30, 1682-Nov.
ft. July 23, 1031 ; il. Sept. IL', 17o:,. Ma-tri in ( ham -,.,•>-. Kvi-lyii dewribtt him M ' a most learned virtuoso, as well as lawyer '.
Sir Cyril Wyche, Kt ......... Nor. 80, 168S-N<T
ft. 1032(?); '/.!><><•. -M 7<>7. M.A., IU.J, « Kon.). Statesman :m.l .
One of the Lords Justices governing Ireland (1093-5). An n Turki-y
Samuel Pepys ........... Dec. 1, 1684-Nov :;n. ] • sr,
ft. Feb. 23, 1632-3; d. May 26, 1703. M.A. (Camb.). Autbor of tbe rel.-l,.-
Diary and collector of the Pepysian Library. Clerk of tbe Acts of tbe Navy (1660). Surveyor-General of tbe Victualling Office (100.5). Master of Trinity Ilnimp (1 > Secretary to tbe Admiralty (1686).
John, Earl of Carbery (Lord Vaugban) . . . Nov. 30, 1686 -Nov. 30, 1689
b. 1640 ; d. Jan. 16, 1712-13. Governor of Jamaica (1674-8). Tbomas, Earl of Pembroke, K.G ..... Nov. 30, 1689-Nov. 30, 1690
ft. 1050; d. Jan. 22, 1732-3. First Lord of tbe Admiralty (1690). Lord Privy s-al (1692). Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1707). Lord High Admiral (i?»8). Mathematician and Antiquary.
Sir Robert Southwell, Kt ........ Dec. 1, 1690-Nov. 30, 1695
ft. 1635 ; d. 1702. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Envoy extraordinary to tbe Court of Portugal (1672). Appointed by William III Principal Secretary of State for Ireland (IfiiMi). Contributed papers to tbe ' Philosophical Transactions ', principally on phy-io- logical and chemical subjects.
Charles Montagu (afterwards Earl of Hali-
fax, K.G.) ......... . . Nov. 30, 1695-Nov. 30, 1698
ft. April 16, 1661 ; d. May 19, 1715. M.A. (Camb.). Appointed a lord of the Treasury (1692), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1694). Aided by Somers, Lock.-, Newton, and Halley, he determined to remedy the depreciation of the currency. and succeeded in passing the Re-coinage Bill (1090). First Lord of the Treasury (1697).
John, Lord Somers ....... . . Nov. 30, 1698-Nov. 30, 1703
ft. 1652 ; d. April 20, 1716. Appointed Solicitor-General upon accession of William and Mary; Attorney-General (1692); Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (1693); Lord Chancellor (1697) ; deprived of office and impeached, but acquitted (1700). Took a leading part in effecting the Union with Scotland (1707). Lord President of the Council (1708).
Sir Isaac Newton, Kt ......... Nov. 30, 1703-Mar. 20, 1727
6. Dec. 25, 1642 ; d. March 20, 1727. Discovered the Binomial Theorem, in the beginning of 1665 ; the direct method of fluxions or elements of tbe differential calculus, Nov., 1005 ; the unequal refrangibility of the rays of light, Jan., 1666 ; tbe integral calculus, May, 1066. Made his first reflecting telescope, 1668. Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, 16(5!). In 10815 tbe MS. of the ' Principia' was presented to the Royal Society, and in 1687 it was published. Warden of the Mint (1695); Master of the Mint (1099). Publication of tbe < Opticks', 1704. Knighted by Queen Anne, 1705.
KKCOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Ti-nitn' of Office. :,«-. Hart ......... Nov. 30, 1727-Nov. 30, 1741
.Jan. 11.17">;>. Fellow of the Coll. Phys. (1687). Afterwards
..mpanied Duke of Alhemarlo to Jamaica, when* lie collected natural history
.mien- for fifteen months. Created a baronet by George I, an honour to
\\hich no Knirlish physician had before attained. Physician-General to the
IVe^. (oil. Phys. (1727). Secretary R.S. (1693-1712). Founder
,ic Harden, Chelsea (1721): his museum of natural history and other
.-[•••cinuMis purchased by (ioverninent (1754). There are twenty-four papers by
Sir Han* Sloane in the ' Philosophical Transactions'.
Martin Folke> ........... Nov. 30, 1741-Nov. 30, 1752
.'. K;:M>; ,/. June 2K. 1754. M.A. (Camb.), D.C.L. (Oxon.). Appointed Vic,- -Prt-id.-nt of the Koyal Society, by Sir 1. Newton (1723). Pres. Soc. of Antiijua ( ontributed ten papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions '.
4v, Karl of Macdesfleld ...... Nov. 30, 1752-Mar. 17, 1764
'7: <i. .March 17,1704. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Mathematician and Astronomer. In
:' aided by James Bradley erected an Astronomical Observatory at Shirburn
Castle, Oxfordshire, with the finest instrumental equipment then existing. His
tea of personal observations extended from June 4, 1740, to his death. He
\\a- mainly instrumental in procuring the change of style in 1752, being virtually
the author of the * Bill for Regulating the Commencement of the Year', which
pa-~ed the Peers in 1751. He contributed papers to the ' Philosophical Trans-
action- '.
irl of Morton (Lord Aberdour) . . Nov. 30, 1764-Oct. 12, 1768
/». 17<>i' : <l. Oct. J2, 17(5H. Astronomer. Instrumental in founding (1739) the Philosophical (afterwards the Royal) Society of Edinburgh. Was one of the ( <iinmi-viuiiei> of Longitude, and took an active part in the preparations for oliM-rving the Transit of Venus in 1769. One of the earliest Trustees of the British .Mu<eiuii, and Keeper of the Records of Scotland. Contributed several paper> to the ' Philosophical Transactions'.
(afterward* Sir James) Burrow . . . Oct. 27, 1768-Nov. 30, 1768
;nl : ,1. N,,v. 5, 17H2. Legal Reporter and Antiquary. Master of the
( 'rown ( Mlicr, and Senior Hencher of the Inner Temple. Contributed five papers
on Karth<|iiakes to the • IMiilosophical Transactions'. He was elected to the
chair only to -erve until the ensuing anniversary.
Klecte.l a -ecund time. July 2, 1772, to till the chair till the following anniversary.
\\,-l ............ Nov. 30, 1768-July 2, 1772
I: 17" J 0) : //. July L'. 1772. Politician and Antiquary. M.A. Balliol Coll., Oxford.
M. P. tor St. Alhan- M7M <;»). Joint Secretary to the Treasury (1741-62). A
low of the Society of Antiquaries (1727). ( Astronomy is indebted to Mr. West
for the preservation of several manuscript volumes and papers of Flamstet'dV
-hi. vol. ii. ,,. :,(>).
•fi» Priii-lr, Hart ......... Nov. 30, 1772-Nov. 30, 1778
/.. April lo. I7"7: '/. Jan. l», 17H2. Studied medicine at Leyden, and settled as >iy-irian in Kdinbiirgh. M.I). (Leyden). Appointed (1734) Joint Professor [i. ,.. Metaphy-ics] and Moral Philosophyin Edinburgh. Physician
FORMKH PHKSIDFATS -jo:*
to the Karl of Stair (1742;. and l'|,\ -ician-( u-n.-ral to tin- i AftenvanU Physician to the Forces ordered to march again-t tin- !' adherents in Scotland. Reformed military inrdirine and sanitation. Hi- ' Observa- tions on tin- Diseases of the Army '(1752) attained a Kui-opran n-|.utatiuM. .-.nil ha* become a classic. In 1764 Physician in Ordinary to the Qui-i-n. In 1774 Ph\ to the King. Author of medical works, especially on Military IlvLnnir, ami of several papers read before the Royal Society.
Sir Joseph Banks, Bart Nov. 30, 1778-June 19, 1820
b. Feb. 13, 1743-4; d. June 19, 1820. D.C.L. (Oxon.). In 1766 accompaniM Lieut. Phipps to Newfoundland and Labrador, where he made collection- in Natural History. In 1768 joined Captain Cook in his first voyage of discovery. In 1772 fitted out and accompanied a scientific expedition to Iceland, where he made large Natural History collections, and purchased numerous Icelandic books and manuscripts, all of which he presented to the British Museum. Baronet (1781) ; Privy Councillor (1797).
William Hyde Wollaston June 29, 1820-Nov. 30, 1820
b. Aug. 6, 1766 ; d. Dec. 22, 1828. Studied for Medicine, and became a Tancred Fellow at Cambridge. M.D. (Camb.). In 1789 settled at Bury St. Edmunds as a physician. From 1797 to his death a constant contributor to the f Philosophical Transactions', in which appear thirty-nine important papers in Chemi-trv, Astronomy, Optics, Mechanics, Acoustics, Mineralogy, Crystallography, Physio- logy, Pathology, and Botany. He was the discoverer of palladium (1804) and rhodium (1805), and was the first to notice the dark lines in the solar spectrum. In 1828 he described his method for rendering platinum malleable. He established the Donation Fund of the Royal Society (see p. 177).
Sir Humphry Davy, Bart Nov. 30, 1820-Nov. 6, 1827
I. at Penzance, Dec. 17, 1778; d. at Geneva, May 29, 1829. LL.D. (Dublin). Superintendent of Dr. Beddoes's Pneumatic Institution at Bristol (1798), where he discovered the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide. Director of the Laboratory of the Royal Institution (1801). Isolated the metals of the alkalis (1806). De- monstrated the elementary nature of chlorine (1810). Investigated the proper! ir> of iodine (1813). Invented the Miner's Safety-lamp (1815) ; the first safety-lamp is still in the possession of the Society. Copley Medallist (1805). He contributed forty-six memoirs and lectures to the ' Philosophical Transactions'.
ivies Gilbert (formerly Giddy) Nov. 6, 1827-Nov. 30, 1830
b. March 6, 1767 ; d. Nov. 7, 1839. M. A. , D.C.L. (Oxon.). High Sheriff of Cornwall (1792-3). M.P. for Bodmin (1806). ' He took a prominent part in parliamentary investigations connected with the arts and sciences' (' Diet. Nat. Biog.'). In 1819 he suggested, with success, the establishment of the Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. He contributed several papers to the ' Philosophical Trans- actions ' .
H.R.H. The Duke of Sussex Nov. 30, 1830-Nov. 30, 1838
Augustus Frederick, sixth son of George III. b. Jan. 27, 1773; d. April 21, 1843. During his tenure of office lie constantly presided at all meetings of the Council and Society.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Tenure of Office. Joshua Alwuii' Compton, Marquess of North-
ptoi, ' ............ Nov. 30, 1838-Nov. 30, 1848
//. .Ian. 17, 1851. Geologist and Mineralogist. One of the earliest ,1,-nU of the Geological Society : Pres. lirit. Assoc. 1836 and 1848.
William Parsons, Karl of Rosso ..... Nov. 30, 1848-Nov. 30, 1854 KM); '/. Oot. 31, 1867. Astronomer. Commenced experiments for improving the reflecting telescope (1827) ; began observations with the 60-foot reflector which lie constructed at Parsonstown (1845) ; discoverer of spiral nebulae. llr-earche>. on neliulae and other celestial phenomena in ' Philosophical Trans- action-. '. UNO, '44, '50, '61, and 'G8. Chancellor of University of Dublin (1862).
John, Lord WrotU-xlcy ...... ' . . Nov. 30, 1854-Nov. 30, 1858
Ig, 5, 17(.)H: //. Oct. 27, 1807. Practical Astronomer, carrying on observations at two small observatories, one at Blackheath, the other at Wrottesley. Gold .Medal of the Astronom. Soe. for a catalogue of Stars (1839). Pres. Astronom. (1«41). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1860).
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodic, Bart ..... Nov. 30, 1858-Nov. 30, 1861
//. 17H.'>; il. Oct. 21, 1862. Physiologist and Surgeon. For thirty years on the Staff of St. George's Hospital. Medical Adviser to three successive Sovereigns. First President of the Medical Council. Author of a work on the Diseases of the Joints, and of numerous papers in the ' Philosophical Transactions', and the ( Transactions of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society'. Copley Medallist (1811).
Sir Edward Sabine, K.C.B ....... Nov. 30, 1861-Nov. 30, 1871
/.. Oct. 14, 178»; <t. June 26, 1883. D.C.L. (Oxoii.), LL.D. ((Jamb.). General (187<>). < >n active service 1812-16. Astronomer with Sir John Ross's Expedition in search of North West Passage (1818). Accompanied Parry's first expedition (181!>). Had a large part in establishing the science of terrestrial magnetism. Appointed to conduct pendulum experiments in different latitudes (1819), and .'oint Commissioner to determine the difference of longitude between the observatories of Paris and Greenwich (1825).
.'•o,-.r<. Biddi -11 Airy, K.C.B ...... Nov. 30, 1871-Nov. 30, 1873
h. June 27. 1801 ; ,/. Jan. 2, 18S>2. Senior Wrangler (1823). M.A., LL.D. (Camb.), I ).( . L. (( ).\on.). Lucasian Professor at Cambridge (1826). Plumian Professor of -oiMimy and Director of Cambridge Observatory (1828). Astronomer Royal (1835-81); did a <rreat work in the reorganization of Greenwich Observatory. Chairman of the Commission charged with the construction of Standard Weights and Measures (1831). Pres. lirit. Assoc. (1851). Organized Expedition for Transit of Venus (1»74).
i. Dalton Hooker, O.M., G.C.S.I. . Nov. 30, 1873-Nov. 30, 1878
Dec. 11,1911. M.D.,1).C.L.,LL.D. Botanist , to Sir J. C. Ross's
antan-tic voyage 0 Krehiis' and 'Terror'). Botanist to the Geological Survey.
i-'-dition to India and the Himalayas (1848) ; to Syria (1860). Pres. Brit.
I'.otanical expedition to Morocco (1871) and across America (1877).
I )ire.-t«,r of Hoyal < Amiens at Keu (1865-85). K. C.S.I. (1877). Original member
of the Order of Merit
FORMER PRESIDENTS -jo.-,
re of Office.
William Spottiswoode Nov. 80, 1878-June 27, 1883
b. Jan. 11, 1825 ; d. June 27, 1883. Mathematician, Pliy-iri-t, ami < -rhoUr.
Queen's Printer. Lecturer in Mathematics at Balliol Coll.--. • \I. -.litationw Analyticae' (1847). Numerous papers on tin- I'nl.-iri/.ation ..t l.i-ht u>d a physical subjects in the ( Philosophical Tran>a, -tin.,- ', • IM.il. .M.,ir.\ A.. Pr««. Math. Soc. (1871). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1878).
Thomas Henry Huxley, P.C July 5, 1883-Nov.
6. May 4, 1825 ; d. June 29, 1895. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Let-turn .,„ General Nat 1 1 at the Royal School of Mines. Naturalist to the Geological Survey (1855) ; sub- sequently Prof, of Biology in the Royal College of Science. Fullerian Profemor of Physiology in the Royal Institution (1856-8). Hunti-riaii Profr-orat tin- Royal College of Surgeons (1863-70). Pres. Geolog. Society, and of the Brit. AMOC. (1870). Inspector of Fisheries (1881). Trustee of the Brit. Museum. Member of many Royal arid other Commissions.
Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart Nov. 30, 1885-Nov. 30, 1890
b. Aug. 13, 1819 ; d. Feb. 1, 1903. Senior Wrangler (1841). Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge (1849-1902). Lecturer on Physics at the Royal School of Mines (1854-60). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1869). Author of Burnett Lectures on Light (Aberdeen) and Gifford Lectures on Natural Theology (Edin- burgh), and of fundamental memoirs in the ' Philosophical Transactions ', the ' Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society', and other journal*.
Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson), P.C.,
O.M., G.C.V.O Nov. 30, 1890-Nov. 30, 1895
b. June 26, 1824 ; d. Dec. 17, 1907. Second Wrangler and first Smith's Prizeman at Camb. (1845). LL.D., D.C.L., D.Sc., M.D. Prof, of Nat. Philosophy in Glasgow Univ. (1846-1899). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1871). Original discoverer in the foundations of thermodynamics, and of electrical theory and practice including modern electrical engineering. Author of 'Treatise on Natural Philosophy', in conjunction with Professor Tait. Original member of the Order of Merit. Buried in Westminster Abbey by the side of Sir Isaac Newton.
Lord Lister, P.C., O.M Nov. 30, 1895-Nov. 30, 1900
6. April 5, 1827 ; d. Feb. 10, 1912. D.C.L., LL.D., D.Sc. Professor of Surgery in the University of Glasgow (1860-69). Professor of Clinical Surgery in the I'niv. of Edinburgh (1869-77), and in King's College, Lond. (1877-93). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1896). Sergeant Surgeon to H.M. Queen Victoria. Emeritus Prof, of Clinical Surgery in King's Coll., Lond., and Consulting Surgeon to King's Coll. Hospital. Author of Croonian Lecture on ' Coagulation of Blood ; early Stages of Inflammation ', ' Phil. Trans.' ; and other papers on Physiological and Path.. logical subjects in the ' Trans, of the Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh ' and in the ' Trans, of the Path. Soc., London', reprinted in two quarto volumes of 'Scientific Papers '. Founder of the principles and practice of antiseptic surgery. Original member of the Order of Merit. .
Sir William Huggins, K.C.B., O.M Nov. 30, 1900-Nov. 30, 1905
b. Feb. 7, 1824; d. May 13, 1910. D.C.L., LL.D., D.Sc. Established a private Observatory at Tulse Hill (1856) Pres. Roy. Astron. Soc. (1876-8). Pn-
UKCOUD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Ten are of Office.
Br Rede lecturer (1869). Author of many memoirs in the
• Philn-ojiliiral Trail-actions', and elseu here, collected in ' Scientific Papers'
Author (with Lady Muggins) of 'An Atlas of Representative Stellar
Intended Kirchhoff's speetroscopie work on the sun,, and applied it
to tin- other heavenly bodies, thus taking a leading part in the foundation of
the -rienre of Astrophysics. Original member of the Order of Merit.
John William Strutt, Lord K;iyleigh
!'.(.. O.M Nov. 30, 1905-Nov. 30, 1908
I ; : 1 _'. See. 11. S. ( 1 H»7 1X5). Professor of Experimental Physics,, Cambridge if Natural Philosophy, Royal Institution (1887-1905).
Author nf • Theory of Sound', '2 vols., 2nd ed. 1896, ' Scientific Papers/ 4 vols., .' r.tui. Nohel L-uireatein Physics (1904). Chancellor of Cambridge University -hire ]'.K)}{. Original member of the 'Order of Merit.
\rrhibnld (icikie, K.C.B Nov. 30, 1908-
linbnrghj December '2Q, 1835. Hon. D.C.L. (Oxon.), D.Sc., LL.D., Ph.D.
Appointed to the (Geological Survey (1855). Director Geological Survey Scotland (18(57-82), first Murchison Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, Edinburgh (1H7I 82). lor. Sec. R.S. (1890-4); Sec. R.S. (1903-8). Pres. Geol. Soc. (1891-2, -; B); Pre>. Brit. Assoc. (1892). Director-General Geological Survey United Kingdom (1H82-1D01). Author of numerous memoirs in geology, more especially on volcanism, glaciation, origin of scenery; also of a Textbook of Geology and other scientific works ; and of biographies of Edward Forbes, R. I. Murchison, A. ('. Ramsay, A:c.
TREASURERS
Date of Election.
April 22, 1663. William Balle.
N7ov. 30, 1663. Abraham Hill.
Nov. 30, 1665. Daniel Colwall.
IK-c. 1,1679. Abraham Hill.
Nov. 30, 1700. Alexander Pitfield.
Nov. 30, 1728. Roger Gale.
\m. 80, 1736. James West.
Nov. 30, 1768. Samuel Wegg.
iso:.'. Willi.-ini Marsden.
80, 1SK). Samuel Lysons.
-Inlv :.MI. I«JD. Davies Gilbert.
L827. Ilrm-y Kater.
'. Sir John William Lubbock, Bart.
IH'55. l-Vaiicis Baily.
1 838. Sir John William Lubbock, Bart.
TREASURERS AND SECRETARIES
Date of Election.
Nov. 30, 1845. Georgt Ucnnic.
Nov'. 30, 1850. Lt.-Col. E. Subii.r.
Nov. 30, 1861. Prof. W. A. Miller.
Nov. 30, 1870. William Spottiswoode.
Nov. 30, 1878. Sir John Evans, K.C.B.
Nov. 30, 1898. Sir Alfred Bray Kempe.
SECRETARIES
Date of Election.
April 22, 1663. John Wilkins, D.D.
April 22, 1663. Henry Oldenburg.
Nov. 30, 1668. Thomas Henshaw.
Nov. 30, 1672. John Evelyn.
Nov. 30, 1673. Abraham Hill.
Nov. 30, 1675. Thomas Henshaw.
Nov. 30, 1677. Nehemiah Grew, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1677. Robert Hooke.
Nov. 30, 1679. Thomas Gale, D.D.
Nov. 30, 1681. Francis Aston.
Nov. 30, 1682. Robert Plot, D.C.L.
Nov. 30, 1684. William Musgrave, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1685. Tancred Robinson, M.D.
Dec. 16, 1685. Sir John Hoskins, Bart.
Dec. 16, 1685. Thomas Gale, D.D.
Nov. 30, 1687. Richard Waller.
Nov. 30, 1693. Hans Sloane, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1709. John Harris, D.D.
Nov. 30, 1710. Richard Waller.
Nov. 30, 1713. Edmund Halley, D.C.L.
Jan. 13, 1714. Brook Taylor, LL.D.
Dec. 1, 1718. John Machin.
Nov. 30, 1721. James Jurin, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1727. William Rutty, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1730. Cromwell Mortimer, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1747. Peter Davall.
Nov. 30, 1752. Thomas Birch, D.D.
Nov. 30, 1759. Charles Morton, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1765. Matthew Maty, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1773. Samuel Horsley, LL.B.
RKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Klivtioil.
1776. Joseph Planta.
\,,.. 80, 1778. Paul Henry Maty. M.A.
1. Charles Blagden, M.D.
. 171)7. Edward Whitaker Gray, M.D.
80, 1S01. William Hyde Wollaston, M.D.
Jan. M:,>, 1807. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
Nov. 80, 1812. Taylor Combe.
Nov. 30, 181(5. William Thomas Brancle.
Nov. 30, 1824. Sir John Frederick William Herschel, Bart.
Nov. 30. 1S2(5. John George Children.
Nov. 30. 1S:J7. IVter Mark Roget, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1827. Lieut.-Col. Edward Sabine, R.A.
SON . •'><>, 1830. John George Children.
30, 1837. Samuel Hunter Christie.
Nov. 30, 1848. Thomas Bell.
Nov. 30, 1853. William Sharpey, M.D.
Nov. 30, 1854. Prof. George Gabriel Stokes.
Nov. 30, 1872. Prof. Thomas Henry Huxley.
Nov. 30, 1881. Prof. Michael Foster.
Nov. 30, 1885. Lord Rayleigh.
Nov. 30, 1896. Arthur William Rucker.
Nov. 30, 1901. Joseph Larmor.
Nov. 30, 1903. Sir Archibald Geikie.
Nov. 30, 1908. John Rose Bradford.
FOREIGN SECRETARIES
Date of Klrrtion.
April 11,1 72.'5. Philip Henry /oilman.
April IS, 17:28. Dr. Dilleniufl and Dr. Scheuchzer.
Aug. 21), 174S. Thomas Stack, M.D.
-1. James Parsons, M.D.
Mar. 4,176:.'. .Matthew Maty, M.D.
1).,. 11, 17fir,. John Bevis, M.D.
. Paul Henry Maty.
Junr .",(>, 17; 1. Joseph Plai.ia.
Jan. 1 I, 1771). Charles Huttoil.
June 17, 178-1. Charles Peter Layard.
1X01, Thomas Vounu-, M. 1).
80, 1830. Charles
SIM From a portrait l«y '
.Hart.
N SECRET Afc
SIR HUMPHRY DAVY
From a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, in the possession of the lloyal Society
SECRETARIES AND FOREIGN SECRETARIES 209
Date of Election.
Nov. 30, 1837. Capt. William Henry Smyth, R.N.
Nov. 30, 1839. John Frederic Daniell.
Dec. 1, 1845. Lieut.-Col. Edward Sabine, R.A.
Nov. 30, 1850. Capt. William Henry Smyth, R.N.
Nov. 30, 1856. William Hallowes Miller.
Nov. 30, 1873. Alexander W. Williamson.
Nov. 30, 1889. Archibald Geiku-.
Nov. 30, 1893. Sir Joseph Lister, Bart.
Nov. 30, 1895. Edward Frankland.
Nov. 30, 1899. Thomas Edward Thorpe.
Nov. 30, 1903. Francis Darwin.
Nov. 30, 1907. John Rose Bradford.
Nov. 30, 1908. Sir William Crookes.
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
Nov. 30, 1810. Stephen Lee.
April 6, 1826. James Hudson.
April 2, 1835. John David Roberton.
Dec. 14, 1843. Charles Richard Weld.
May 2, 1861. Walter White.
Mar. 25, 1885. Herbert Rix.
Jan. 16, 1896. Robert W. F. Harrison.
CHAPTER VII
MEDALLISTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
AND
CROONIAN AND BAKERIAN LECTURERS WITH TITLES OF THEIR SUBJECTS
MEDALLISTS The Copley Medal
is awarded to the living author of such philosophical research, either published or communicated to the Society, as may appear to the Council to be deserving of that honour. The subject or subjects of research, on account of which the medal is awarded, must be specified in making the award. No limitation is imposed either as to the period of time within which that research was made, or to the particular country to which its author may belong. The medal may not be awarded to any person who is a Member of the Council at the time \\1 ion the award is made The medal may be given more than once to the same person if the Council deem it expedient. As far as circumstances admit, it is awarded annually. (See p. 174.)
Copley Medallists
1731. Stephen Gray.
1732. Stephen Gray.
1734. John Theophilus Desaguliers.
1736. John Theophilus Desaguliers.
1737. John Belchii-r.
1738. James Valoue.
1739. Stephen Hales.
1740. Alexander Stuart.
1741. John Theophilus Desaguliers.
1742. Captain Christopher Middle-
ton.
1743. Al>nih;nn Tmnbley.
1744. 1 1. my B;iker.
1745. Sir William Watson.
1746. Benjamin Robins.
1747. Gowin Knight.
1748. K, \ . .James' Bradley. '. .John Harrison.
1750. Kdwards.
1751. John Canton.
1752. Sir John Pringle.
1753. Benjamin Franklin.
1754. William Lewis.
1755. John Huxham.
1757. Lord Charles Cavendish.
1758. John Dollond.
1759. John Smeaton.
1760. Benjamin Wilson. 1764. John Canton.
1766. William Brownrigg. Edward Delaval. Hon. Henry Cavendish.
1767. John Ellis.
1768. Peter Woulfe.
1769. William Hewson.
1770. Sir William Hamilton.
1771. Matthew Raper.
1772. Joseph Priestley.
1773. 1775. 1776. 1777. 1778. 1780. 1781. 1782. 1783.
1784. 1785. 1787. 1788. 1789. 1791.
1792. 1794. 1795. 1796. 1798.
1799. 1800. 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 1807. 1808. 1809. 1811. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1817. 1818. 1820. 1821.
1822. 1823. 1824. 1825.
1826. 1827.
MEDALLISTS
211
John Walsh. Rev. Nevil Maskelyne. Captain James Cook. John Mudge. Charles Hutton. Rev. Samuel Vince. Sir William Herschel. Richard Kirwan. John Goodricke. Thomas Hutchins. Edward Waring. Major-General William Hoy. John Hunter. Sir Charles Blagden. William Morgan. James Rennell. John Andrew De Luc. Benjamin Count Rumford. Alessandro Volta. Jesse Ramsden. George Atwood. Sir George Shuckburgh Evelyn. Charles Hatchett. Rev. John Hellins. Edward Howard. Sir Astley Paston Cooper. William Hyde Wollaston. Richard Chenevix. Smithson Tennant. Sir Humphry Davy. Thomas Andrew Knight. Sir Everard Home. William Henry. Edward Troughton. Benjamin Collins Brodie. William Thomas Brande. James Ivory. David Brewster. Captain Henry Kater. Sir Robert Seppings. John Christian Oersted. Captain Edward Sabine. John Frederick William Her- schel.
Rev. William Buckland. John Pond.
John Brinkley, Bishop of Cloyne. Francois Arago. Peter Barlow. Sir William South. William Prout.
1827. 1831. 1832.
1834. 1835. 1836.
1837. 1838.
1839. 1840.
1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847.
1848.- 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852.
1853. 1854. 1855. 1856. 1857. 1858. 1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873.
Captain Henry Foster.
George Bidddl Airy.
Michael Faraday.
Baron Simeon Denis Poisson.
Giovanni Plana.
William Snow Harris.
Jons Jacob Berzelius.
Francis Kiernan.
Antoine C. Becquerel.
John Frederic Daniell.
Karl Friedrich Gau»*.
Michael Faraday.
Robert Brown.
Justus Liebig.
Jacques Charles Francois Sturm.
George Simon Ohm.
James MacCullagh.
Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas.
Carlo Matteucci.
Theodor Schwann.
Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier.
Sir John Frederick William
Herschel.
John Couch Adams. Sir Roderick Impey Murchison. Peter Andreas Hansen. Richard Owen. Baron Alexander von Hum-
boldt.
Heinrich Wilhelm Dove. Johannes Miiller. Jean Bernard Le\>n Foucault. Henry Milne-Edwards. Michel Eugene Chevreul. Sir Charles Lyell. Wilhelm Eduard Weber. Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. Louis Agassiz. Thomas Graham. Rev. Adam Sedgwick. Charles Darwin. Michel Chasles. Julius Plucker. Karl Ernst von Baer. Sir Charles Wheatstone. Henri Victor Regnault. James Prescott Joule. Julius Robert Mayer. Friedrich Wohler. Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand
Helmholtz.
P2
•J1-J RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1874. Louis Pasteur.
Wilhelm llofmann. 1876. Claude Bernard.
Dwiirht Dana. Jean Bapti>te Boussingault
1879. Rudolph J. K Clausius.
1880. James Joseph Sylvester.
1881. Karl Adolph Winfte.
1882. Arthur Cayley.
1883. Sir William Thomson.
1884. Carl Liidwiir.
1885. August Keknle.
1886. Fran/ Krnst Neumann.
1887. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.
1888. Thomas Henry Huxley.
1889. Rev. (ieorge Salmon.
1890. Simon Neweomb.
1891. Stanislao (1annizxaro.
1892. Rudolph Virchow.
1893. Sir George Gabriel Stokes.
1894. Edward Frankland.
1895. Carl Weierstrass.
1896. Carl Gegenbaur.
1897. Albert von Kolliker.
1898. Sir William Huggins.
1899. Lord Rayleigh.
1900. Marcellin Berthelot.
1901. Joseph Willard Gibbs.
1902. Joseph, Baron Lister.
1903. Eduard Suess.
1904. Sir William Crookes.
1905. Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleeff.
1906. Elias Metchnikoff. '1907. Albert A. Michelson.
1908. Alfred Russel Wallace.
1909. George William Hill.
1910. Sir Francis Galton.
1911. Sir George Howard Darwin.
The Rumford Medal,
consisting of a gold medal with a silver copy struck in the same die, is awarded onee every second year 'to the author of the most important discovery or useful improvement which shall be made and published by printing or in any way made known to the public in any part of Europe during the preceding two years on Heat or on Light, the preference always being given to such discoveries as, in the opinion of the President and Council of the Royal
t\, tend most to promote the good of mankind.
' If during any term of years from the last award no new discovery or improvement shall have been made in any part of Europe relative to Light or Heat, in the opinion of the President and Council of sufficient importance to deaerve the award, it may not be given, but the value of it may be reserved, and being laid out in the purchase of additional stock may augment the capital ; and the interest of the same, by which the capital may from time to time he so augmented, may be given in money1 at a subsequent award with the medal. (See p. 183.)
ttumford
1SOO. Benjamin Count Rumford.
-lie. IKOf,. William Mnnloek.
nne Louis Mains. 1*11. William Charles Wells. I SIT). Sir Humphry Davy.
isis. David Brewrter,
•. Aii^ustin Jean I-'n^nel. John 1'Vederic Daniell.
Medallists
1834. Macedonio Melloni.
1838. James David Forbes.
1840. Jean Baptiste Biot.
1842. Henry Fox Talbot.
1846. Michael Faraday.
1848. Henri Victor Regnault.
1850. Francois Jean Dominique
Arago. 1852. George Gabriel Stokes.
MEDALLISTS
213
1854. Neil Arnott.
1856. Louis Pasteur.
1858. Jules Jamin.
1860. James Clerk Maxwell.
1862. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff'.
1864. John Tyndall.
1866. Armand Hippolyte Louis
Fizeau.
1868. Balfour Stewart. 1870. Alfred Olivier Des Cloizeaux. 1872. Anders Jonas Angstrom. 1874. Joseph Norman Lockyer. 1876. Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen. 1878. Alfred Cornu. 1880. William Huggins. 1882. William de W. Abney.
1884. Tobias Robertas ThaKn.
1886. Saniiul Pic r{>ont Langley.
1888. Pietro Tmvhini.
1890. Heinric-li Hcri/.
1892. NilsC. Dun
1894. James Dewar.
1896. Philipp Lenard.
Wilhelm Conrad Rimtgen. 1898. Oliver Joseph Lodge. 1900. Antoine Henri Becquerel. 1902. Charles Algernon Parsons. 1904. Ernest Rutherford. 1906. Hugh Longbourne Callendar. 1908. Hendrik Antoon Lorcnt/. 1910. Heinrich Rubens.
The Royal Medals,
consisting each of a gold medal with a silver copy struck in the same die, are awarded annually by the Sovereign upon the recommendation of the Council, for the two most important contributions to the advancement of Natural Know- ledge, published originally in His Majesty's dominions within a period of not more than ten years, and of not less than one year of the date of the award.
In the award of the Royal Medals one is given in each year to each of the two great divisions of Natural Knowledge. (See pp. 186, 193.)
Royal Medalists
1826. John Dalton. James Ivory.
1827. Sir Humphry Davy. Friedrich Georg Wilhelm
Struve.
1828. Johann Friedrich Encke. William Hyde Wollaston.
1829. Charles Bell. Eilhard Mitscherlich.
1830. David Brewster. Antoine Jerome Balard.
1833. Auguste Pyrame De Candolle. Sir John Frederick William
Herschel.
1834. John William Lubbock. Charles Lyell.
1835. Michael Faraday.
Sir William Rowan Hamilton.
1836. George Newport.
Sir John F. W. Herschel.
1837. Rev. William Whewell.
1838. Thomas Graham. Henry Fox Talbot.
1839. James Ivory. Martin Barry.
1840. Sir John F. W. Herschel. Charles Wheatstone.
1841. Robert Kane. Eaton Hodgkinson.
1842. William Bowman. John Frederic Daniell.
1843. James David Forbes. Charles Wheatstone.
1844. Thomas Andrews. George Boole.
1845. George Biddell Airy. Thomas Snow Beck.
1846. Michael Faraday. Richard Owen.
1847. George Fownes. William Robert Grove.
1848. Thomas Galloway.
•_>U RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1848. Charks Jaim-> Hargivuvi-.
1849. Colom-1 Kdwunl Sabim-.
Iron A. .Mantell. •ijamin Collins Brodie. Thomas (iralmin.
1851. Karl of He- George Newport.
1852. James Prescott Joule. Thomas Henry Huxley.
1853. Charles Darwin.
1854. August Wilhelm Hofniann. Joseph Dalton Hooker.
1855. John Hussel Hind.
.John Obadiah Westwood.
1856. Sir John Richardson. William Thomson.
1857. Edward Frankland. .John Limlley.
1858. Albany Hancock. William Lassell.
1859. George Bentham. Arthur Cayley.
1860. William Fairbairn. Augustus Waller.
1861. William B. Carpenter. James Joseph Sylvester.
1862. He v. Thomas Romney Robinson. Alexander William Williamson.
1863. Rev. Miles J. Berkeley. John Peter Gassiot.
1864. Jacob Lockhart Clarke. Warren l)e la Rue.
1865. Joseph Prestwich. Archibald Smith.
1866. William I Juggins. William Kitchen Parker.
1867. John Beniiet Lawes and Joseph
Henry Gilbert. Sir William Logan.
1868. Alfred Kussel Wallace. Ht v. (ieorge Salmon.
1869. Sir Thomas Mndeur. Au^u>tns Matthiessen. William Hallowes Miller. Thomas Davidson.
1H71. .lohn Stenhn
Bosk.
1872. Tl. ilrrson. Henry John Carter.
1873. < I iint-s Allman. Henry Knfield Hosroe.
1874. Henry Clifton Sorby. William Crawford Williamson.
1875. William Crookes. Thomas Oldham.
1876. William Froude.
Sir C. Wyville Thomson.
1877. Frederick Augustus Abel. Oswald Heer.
1878. John Allan Broun. Albert C, L. G. Giinther.
1879. William Henry Perkin. Andrew Crombie Ramsay.
1880. Joseph Lister. Andrew Noble.
1881. Francis Maitland Balfour. John Hewitt Jellett.
1882. William Henry Flower. John W. Baron Rayleigh.
1883. Thomas Archer Hirst. J. S. Burdon Sanderson.
1884. George Howard Darwin. Daniel Oliver.
1885. David Edward Hughes. Edwin Ray Lankester.
1886. Francis Galton. Peter Guthrie Tait.
1887. Colonel Alexander Ross Clarke. Henry Nottidge Moseley.
1888. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller. Osborne Reynolds.
1889. Walter Holbrook Gaskell. Thomas Edward Thorpe.
1890. David Ferrier. John Hopkinson.
1891. Charles Lap worth. Arthur William Rucker.
1892. John Newport Langley. Charles Pritchard.
1893. Arthur Schuster. Harry Marshall Ward.
1894. Victor Alexander Haden
Horsley. Joseph John Thomson.
1895. James Alfred Ewing. John Murray.
1896. Charles Vernon Boys. Sir Archibald Geikie.
1897. Andrew Russell Forsyth. Sir Richard Strachey.
1898. Walter Gardiner. John Kerr.
MEDALLISTS
215
1899. George Francis Fitzgerald. William Carmichael Mclntosh.
1900. Percy Alexander MacMahon. Alfred Newton.
1901. William Edward Ayrton. William Thomas Blanford.
1902. Horace Lamb. Edward Albert Schafer.
1903. Sir David Gill. Horace T. Brown.
1904. David Bruce. William Burnside.
1905. John Henry Poynting.
1905. Charles Scott Sherrington.
1906. Alfred George Greenhill. Dukinfield Henry Scott.
1907. Ernest William Hoteon. Ramsay H. Traquuir.
1908. John Milne. Henry Head.
1909. Augustus E. H. Love. Ronald Ross.
1910. John Joly. Frederick Orpen Bower.
1911. George Chrystal. William Maddock Bayliss.
The Davy Medal
is awarded annually for the most important discovery in Chemistry made in Europe or Anglo- America. (See p. 177.)
1877. 1878. 1879.
1880. 1881. 1882.
1883. 1884.
1885. 1886.
1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891.
Davy Medallists
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.
Louis Paul Cailletet.
Raoul Pictet.
Paul 6mile Lecoq de Bois-
baudran. Charles Friedel. Adolf Baeyer.
Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleeff. Lothar Meyer. Marcelin Berthelot. Julius Thomsen. Adolph Wilhelm Hermann
Kolbe.
Jean Servais Stas. Jean Charles Galissard de
Marignac.
John A. R. Newlands. William Crookes. William Henry Perkin. Emil Fischer. Victor Meyer.
1892. Fran9ois Marie Raoult.
1893. Jac. Hen. van't Hoff. Joseph Achille Le Bel.
1894. Per Theodor Cleve.
1895. William Ramsay.
1896. Henri Moissan.
1897. John Henry Gladstone.
1898. Johannes Wislicenus.
1899. Edward Schunck.
1900. Guglielmo Koerner.
1901. George Downing Liveing.
1902. Svante August Arrhenius.
1903. Pierre Curie and Madame Curie.
1904. William Henry Perkin, Jun.
1905. Albert Ladenburg.
1906. Rudolf Fittig.
1907. Edward W. Morley.
1908. William Augustus Tilden.
1909. Sir James Dewar.
1910. Theodore W. Richards.
1911. Henry Edward Armstrong.
The Darwin Medal,
which is accompanied by a grant of d£100, is given biennially in reward of work of acknowledged distinction (especially in Biology) in the field in which Mr. Darwin himself laboured. The award may be made either to a British subject or a foreigner, and without distinction of sex. (See p. 177.)
216 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Darwin Medallists
1890. Alfred Russel \Vall.u-o. 1892. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. 1894. Thomas Henry Huxley. 1896. Giovanni Battista Grassi. 1898. Karl IVarson. 1900. Ernst Haeckel.
1902. Francis Gallon. 1904. William Bateson. 1906. Hugo de Vries. 1908. August Weismann, 1910. Roland Trimen.
The Buchanan Medal,
which is accompanied by a grant of the balance of the Buchanan Medal Fund which may have accumulated since the last award, is awarded every five years in respect of distinguished services to Hygienic Science or Practice in the direction either of original research or of professional, administrative, or constructive work, without limit of nationality or sex. (See p. 175.)
Buchanan Medallists
1897. Sir John Simon. 1902. Sydney A. Monckton Copeman.
1907. William Henry Power.
The Sylvester Medal,
which is accompanied by a grant of the balance of the income of the Sylvester Medal Fund, is awarded triennially for the encouragement of Mathematical Research, irrespective of nationality. (See p. 185.)
Sylvester Medallists
1901. Henri Poincare. 1904. Georg Cantor.
1907. Wilhelm Wirtinger. 1910. Henry Frederick Baker.
Hughes Medal.
A Gold Medal, bearing a bust of the late Professor D. E. Hughes, F.R.S., is awarded annually, together with the balance of the income of the Fund, to such |)ersoii as the President and Council may consider the most worthy recipient, without restriction of sex or nationality, as the reward of original discovery in the Physical Sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications, such discovery or applications having been published not less than one year Ix'fore tlu- award. If in any year the Council do not see fit to award the medal, owing to no one being deemed sufficiently worthy of it, the income for that year is invested and added to the principal of the Fund. (See p. 181.)
Hughes Medallists
:.h .John Thomson. Wilhelm Hittorf. 1901 ph Wilson Swan.
1905. Au^usfn Righi.
1906. M: . Hertha Ayrton.
1907. Ernest Howard Griffiths.
1908. Eugen Goldstein.
1909. Richard Tetley Glazebrook.
1910. John Ambrose Fleming.
1911. Charles Thomson Rees Wilson.
217
THE CROONIAN LECTURE
LIST OF LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS
1738. Alexander Stuart.
'On the Motion of the Heart, founded on some Anatomical Observations aiid Experiments.' Phil. Trans., vol. 40, S,,,,pl,.miMit : vol. 41, p. 675.
1739. Frank Nicholls.
4 An Enquiry into Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 70.
1740. Alexander Stuart.
' On the Peristaltic Motion of the Intestines.'
Journal Book, vol. xviii, pp. L
1740. Alexander Stuart.
' Microscopical Observations on several parts of live Frogs.'
Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 290.
1741. James Douglas.
' Description of the several Muscles, Membranes and parts belonging to the Uvula of the Palate, and concerned in its action ; as also of the several parts subservient to the uses of the Tuba Eustachiana.'
Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 377.
1742. James Douglas.
' Description and Structure of the Human Bladder, with the Uses of its Muscles and Membranes.' Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 419.
1744.1 James Parsons.
' An Introductory Discourse on Muscular Motion.'
Phil. Trans., vol. 43, Supplement
1745. James Parsons.
' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., vol. 43, Supplement.
1746. James Parsons.
' Description of the several Muscles of the Face; with their particular Functions and Uses.' Phil. Trans., vol. 44, part i, Supplement,
1747. Browne Langrish.
' On the Theory of Muscular Motion.'
Phil. Trans., vol. 44, part ii, Supplement
1750. James Parsons.
' On Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxi, p. 357.
1751. James Parsons.
' Critical Remarks upon the Motion and Uses of the Human Pelvis.'
Journal Book, vol. xxi, pp. 641, 662. 1752 and 1753. Not recorded.
1754 to 1758. Charles Morton.
Minutes of Council, vol. iv, pp. 168, 189 : and Annual Accounts.
1759 and 1760. Not recorded.
1 Lecture revived, ' the deficiency of the Fund being made good by the Rents.'
218 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Charles Morton. (?)
Annual Accounts.
1774 Not recorded.
and 1776. John Hunter.
Minutes of Council, vol. vi, pp. 283, 335.
1781, John Hunter.
• On the Construction and Application of Muscles and the Power by which they are actuated.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 194 : and Annual Accounts, 1781.
1782. John Hunter.
•On the Density and Firmness of a Muscle as contributing to its Strength and Ability.' Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 194.
17H3. Not recorded.
1784. Foart Simmons.
' On the Irritability of the Muscular Fibres.'
Journal Book. vol. xxxi, p. 642.
Kduard Whittaker Grey.
' An Examination into Haller's Theory of Muscular Motion.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxii, p. 259.
1786. Edward Whittaker Grey.
' ( >n the Effects of different kinds of Salts applied as Stimulants on the Muscle-.' Journal Book, vol. xxxii, p. 468.
1787. George Fordyce.
' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., vol. 78, p. 23.
1788. Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart.
• ( >M the Nature of the Muscles, and on the Theory of Muscular Motion.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxiii, p. 2(58.
1789. Sir William Blizard.
• On the Theory of Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 9.
171H). Sir Kverard Home, Bart.
• ( )n the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 200. 171)1. Matthew Baillir.
'A general view of the Nature of the Muscles, and an enumeration of the mo-t. >trikintr facts connected with the Theory of their Motion.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 419. Not K
rani I Ionic, Hart.1
• On Mr. Hunter's Experiments to ascertain whether the Crystalline Humour of the Kye be muscular.' Journal Book, vol. xxxv, p. 1(56.
17!M Sir K%erard Home, Bart.
• ( Mi the Crystalline Humour of the Eye.' Phil. Trans., 17!>:>.
1 Tin- ilecea-r nf Mr. Hunter took place before the Lecture, on which he was en^a^ed l»y •iiient of the Council, was completed.
THE CROONIAN LECTURK 219
1795. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
'On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular .Motion.
IMiil. TIM
1796. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
' ( )n the Crystalline Humour of the Eye.' Phil. Trann. , 1790.
1797. John Abernethy.
' A general Review of the latest Opinions relative to Animal Life and Motion.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxvi, p. 340.
1798. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
' Experiments and Observations upon the Structure of Nerves.'
IM.il. Trans., 1799.
1799. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
* On the Structure and Uses of the Membrana Tympani.' Phil. Trans., 1800.
1800. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
' On the Irritability of Nerves.' Phil. Trans., 1801.
1801. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
' On the power of the Eye to adjust itself to different distances when deprived of the Crystalline Lens.' Phil. Trans. , 1802.
1802. Not recorded.
1803. John Pearson.
( On Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxxviii, p. 137.
1804. Sir Anthony Carlisle.
' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., 1805.
1805. Sir Anthony Carlisle.
' On the Arrangement and Mechanical Action of the Muscles of Fishes.'
Phil. Trans., 1806.
1806. John Pearson.
1 Remarks on Muscular Power, and on some of the circumstances by which it is increased, diminished, or finally abolished.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxix, p. 176.
1807. Sir Anthony Carlisle.
' On the Natural History and Chemical Analysis of the substances which constitute the Muscles of Animals.' Journal Book, vol. xxxix, p. 451.
1808. Thomas Young.
< On the Functions of the Heart and Arteries.' Phil. Trans., 1809.
1809. William Hyde Wollaston.
< Observations on the Mode of Action of Voluntary Muscles, and on the causes which derange, and assist, the Action of the Heart and Blood Vessels.'
Phil. Trans., 1810.
1810. Benjamin Collins Brodie.
'Physiological Researches, respecting the Influence of the Brain on the Action of the Heart, and on the Generation of Animal Heat.'
Phil. Trans., 1811.
1811 and 1812. Not recorded.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1813. Benjamin Collins Brodie.
'On tlie Influence of the Nervous System on the Action of the Muscles in nal and of the Heart in particular.' Journal Book, vol. xli, p. 347.
1814 to 1816. Not recorded.
1817. Sir Kvi-rsinl HOUR-, Bart.
' ( )n the Changes the Blood undergoes in the act of Coagulation.'
Phil. Trans., 1818.
1818. Sir Kvt-nml Home, Bart.
• On the ( onversion of Pus into Granulations, or New Flesh.'
Phil. Trans., 1819.
1819. Sir Kverard Home, Bart.
' A further Investigation of the component parts of the Blood.'
Phil. Trans. , 1820.
1820. Sir Kverard Home, Bart.
• Microscopical Observations on the following subjects :— On the Brain and Nerves ; showing that the Materials of which they are composed exist in the Blood ; on the Discovery of Valves in the branches of the vus breve, lying between the villous and muscular coats of the Stomach ; on the Structure of the Spleen.' Phil. Trans., 1821.
1821. Sir Everard Home, Bart.
1 On the Anatomical Structure of the Eye ; illustrated by Microscopical Drawings, executed by F. Bauer.' Phil. Trans., 1822.
1822. Francis Bauer.
' Microscopical Observations on the Suspension of the Muscular Motions of the Vibrio Tritici.' Phil. Trans., 1823.
1823. Sir Kvc-rard Home, Bart.
' On the Internal Structure of the Human Brain, when examined in the Micro-cope, as compared with that of Fishes, Insects and Worms.'
Phil. Trans., 1824.
1824. Sir Kvc-rard Home, Bart.
' ( )n tin- existence of Nerves in the Placenta.' Phil. Trans., 1825.
1825. Sir Kvo-anl Home, Bart.
t On the Structure of a Muscular Fibre from which are derived its Elongation an.l Contraction.' Phil. Trans., 1826.
1826. Sir Kvrrard Home, Bart.
' An KiHjuiry into the mode by which the Propagation of the Species i- carric*! on. in the Common Oyster, and in the large Fresh-water Muscle.'
Phil. Trans., 1827.
1827. Sir Kvrnml Honu% Bart.
' On the Mu-rle- peculiar to Organs of Sense in particular Quadrupeds and 1 ' .Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 143.
1828. Not appointed,
ntd Home, Bart. ' A Keport ..I. the Peculiarities met with in the Stomach of the Zariffa.'
Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 580.
THE CROONIAN LECTURE
1830 to 1850. Not appointed. 1851. Richard Owen.
' On the Megatherium.' Proceeding*, rol. 6.
1852 to 1856. Not appointed.
1857. James Paget.
f On the Cause of the Rhythmic Action of the Heart.' Proceeding*, vol. 8.
1858. Thomas Henry Huxley.
' On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull.1 Proceeding*, vol. 9.
1859. Not appointed.
1860. James Bell Pettigrew.
' On the Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres of the Ventricular Portion of the Heart of the Mammal.' Proceedings, vol. 10 ; Phil. Trans., 1864.
1861. Charles Edouard Brown- Sequard.
' On the Relations between Muscular Irritability, Cadaveric Rigidity, and Putrefaction.' Proceedings, vol. 11.
1862. Albert Kolliker.
' On the Termination of Nerves in Muscles, as observed in the Frog : and on the disposition of the Nerves in the Frog's Heart.' Proceedings, vol. 12.
1863. Joseph Lister.
' On the Coagulation of the Blood.' Proceedings, vol. 1 J.
1864. Hermann Helmholtz.
' On the Normal Motions of the Human Eye in relation to Binocular Vision.'
Proceedings, vol. 13.
1865. Lionel S. Beale.
' On the ultimate Nerve-fibres distributed to Muscle and some other Tissues, with Observations upon the Structure and probable Mode of Action of a Nervous Mechanism.' Proceedings, vol. 14.
1866. Not appointed.
1867. J. S. Burdon Sanderson.
1 On the Influence exercised by the Movements of Respiration on the Circulation of the Blood.' Phil. Trans., vol. 157.
1868. Not appointed.
1869. Not appointed.
1870. Augustus V. Waller.
e On the Results of the Method, introduced by the Author, of investigating the Nervous System, more especially as applied to the Elucidation of the Functions of the Pneumogastric and Sympathetic Nerves in Man.'
Proceedings, vol. 18.
1871 and 1872. Not appointed.
1873. Benjamin Ward Richardson.
' On Muscular Irritability after Systemic Death.' Proceedings, vol. 21.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1874. David 1-VrriiT.
• The Localization of Function in tlie Brain.' Proceedings, vol. 22 (Abstr.).
David 1-Vrrier.
• F \neriiiieiiN on tlie Brain of Monkeys. Second Series.'
Phil. Trans., 1875.
1876. G. J. Romanes.
• Preliminary Observations on the Locomotor System of Medusae.'
Phil. Trans., 1876.
1877. J. S. Bunion Sanderson and F. J. M. Page.
• On tin- Mechanical Effects, and on the Electrical Disturbance, consequent on Excitation of the Leaf of Dio naea muscipula.' Proceedings, vol. 25.
1878. II. N. Moseley.
' On the Structure of the Stylasteridae : a Family of the Hydroid Stony Canto.' Phil. Trans., 1878.
1879. W. K. Parker.
< On the Structure and Development of the Skull in the Lacertilia. Part I. On the Skull of the Common Lizards (Lacerta agilis, L. viridits, and Zootoca
Phil. Trans., 1879.
1880. Rev. S. Haughton.
' On some Elementary Principles in Animal Mechanics, No. IX. The Relation between the Maximum Work done, the Time of Lifting, and the Weights lifted by the Arms.' Proceedings, vol. 30.
1881. G. J. Romanes and J. C. Ewart.
* Observations on the Locomotor System of Medusae.' Phil. Trans., 1881.
1882. W. II. Gaskell.
' ( )n the Rhythm of the Heart of the Frog, and on the Nature of the Action of the Vagus Nerve.' Phil. Trans., 1882.
1883. II. N. Martin.
' On the Direct Influence of (Gradual Variations of Temperature upon tlie Rate of Heat of the Dog's Heart.' Phil. Trans., 1883.
md 1885. Not appointed.
1886. L. C. AVooldridge.
• Tin- ( '(tabulation of the Blood.' Proceedings, vol. 40.
1887. II. (i. Set-ley.
'On J'nri-iiiMiHi'ux Imnihiflrnx (Owen) and the Significance of its Affinities to Amphibians Reptiles, and Mammals.' Phil. Trans., B, 1888.
1888. \V. Kuhno.
bet die KnNtelmng <ler vitalcn Bewegung.' Proceedings, vol. 44.
Dr. Roux.
Inoculation- preventive-.' Proceedings, vol. 46.
1WK). II. Marshall Ward.
'The Helation- between ]Io»t ami Parasite in certain Epidemic Diseases of Pl.i Proceedings, vol. 47.
THE CROONIAN LECTURE
1891. Francis Gotch and Victor Horsley.
'On the Mammalian Nervous System ; its Functions an. 1 tln-ir localisation determined by an Electrical Method.' Phil. Trans., B, vol. 182.
1892. Angelo Mosso.
' Les Phe'uomenes psychiques et la Temperature du Cerveau.'
Phil. Trail-.. l«. \ol. 183.
1893. Rudolph Virchow.
' The Position of Pathology among Biological Studies.'
Proceedings, vol. 53.
1894. S. Ramon y Cajal.
( La Fine Structure des Centres nerveux.' Proceedings, vol. M.
1895. T. W. Engelmann.
' On the Nature of Muscular Contraction.' Proceedings, vol. 57.
1896. Augustus D. Waller.
' Observations on Isolated Nerve.' Phil. Trans., B, vol. 188.
1897. Charles S. Sherrington.
' The Mammalian Spinal Cord as an Organ of Reflex Action.'
Phil. Trans., B, vol. 190.
1898. Wilhelm Pfeffer.
* The Nature and Significance of Functional Metabolism in the Plant'
Proceedings, vol. 63.
1899. J. S. Burdon Sanderson.
' On the Relation of Motion in Animals and Plants to the Electrical Phenomena which are associated with it.' Proceedings, voL 65.
1900. Paul Ehrlich.
' On Immunity with Special Reference to Cell Life.' Proceedings, vol. 60.
1901. C. Lloyd Morgan.
' Studies in Visual Sensation.' Proceedings, vol. 68.
1902. Arthur Gamgee.
' On certain Chemical and Physical Properties of Haemoglobin.'
Proceedings, vol. 70.
1903. C. Timiriazeff.
' The Cosmical Function of the Green Plant.' Proceedings, vol. 72.
1904. Ernest Henry Starling and William Maddock Bayliss.
< The Chemical Regulation of the Secretory Process.' Proceedings, vol. 73.
1905. William Bate Hardy.
1 On the Globulins.' Proceedings, B, vol. 70.
1906. John Newport Langley.
' On Nerve Endings and on Special Excitable Substances in Cells.'
Proceedings, B, vol. 78.
1907. John Bretland Farmer.
' Structural Constituents of the Nucleus, and their Relation to the Organi- zation of the Individual.' Proceedings, B, vol. 79.
•J24 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1908. Gu>taf Ket/ius.
< The Principle- of the Minute Structure of the Nervous System as revealed by Kecent Investigations.' Proceedings, B, vol. 80.
1909. Edward Albert Schiifer.
• The Functions of the Pituitary Body.' Proceedings, B, vol. 81.
1910. (n-or-- Kh-bs.
terations in the Development and Forms of Plants as a Result of Knvironmont.1 Proceedings, B, vol. 82.
1911. Thomas Gregor Brodie.
( A New Conception of the Glomerular Activity.'
1912. Ki-ith Lucas.
• The I'roce-- of Excitation in Nerve and Muscle.'
THE BAKERIAN LECTURE
LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS IVter Woulfe.
' Experiments made in order to ascertain the nature of some Mineral Substances, and in particular to see how far the Acids of Sea-Salt and of Vitriol contribute to Mineralize Metallic and other Substances.' — Part I.
Journal Book, vol. xxix, p. 135. 1776 and 1777. Peter Woulfe.
1778. John Ingen-Housz.
' Electrical Experiments to explain how far the Phenomena of the Elect ro-
phoru- may he accounted for by Dr. Franklin's Theory of Positive and
••ive Electricity.' Phil. Trans., vol. fj».
177!). John Ingen-Housz.
'Improvements in Electricity.' Phil. Trans., vol. W.
>. Tiberius Cavallo.
• Tliermometrical Experiments and Observations.' Phil. Trans., vol. 70. 1781. Tiberius Cavallo.
' An Account of some Thermometrical Experiments.' Phil. Trans., vol. 71. 178~>. Tiberius Cavallo.
• An Account of some Experiments relating to the Property of Common and Inflammable Airs of pervading the Pores of Paper.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 203.
Tiberius Gavallo.
• h.-cription of an improved Air Pump.' Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 401. 1784. Tib-rius Cavallo.
• vomit of some Experiments made with the new improved Air Pump.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. fWl.
Ho.
jK'riment" and Observation Phil. Tran-.. vol. 7<>.
< avallo.
DOlti and ()b<ervati.. Phil. Trans., vol. 77.
• foMN 1>AI JON
'
rv
B, vo
HAN LECTURE
-.' — Part I.
i». 135. ulfe.
,'tf the El ory of J*'
Phi! Phil,
Phil.
\l\
JOHN DALTON From a portrait by B. 11. Faulkner, in tho possession of tin- Royal Society
THE BAKERIAN LECTURE
1787. Tiberius Cavallo.
« Of the Methods of manifesting the Presence, and ascertaining the Quality, of small Quantities of Natural or Artificial KU>< tricity.'
Phil. Trans., vol. 78.
1788. Tiberius Cavallo.
k ( )n an Improvement in the Blow Pipe.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiii, p. 257.
1789. Tiberius Cavallo.
' Magnetical Experiments and Observations.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 3.
1790. Tiberius Cavallo,
< A Description of a new Pyrometer.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 208.
1791. Tiberius Cavallo.
( On the Method of Measuring Distances by means of Telescopes furnished with Micrometers.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 429.
1792. Tiberius Cavallo.
' An Account of the Discoveries concerning Muscular Motion, which have been lately made, and are commonly known by the name of Animal Electricity.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 609.
1793. George Fordyce.
'An Account of a New Pendulum.' Phil. Trans., 1794.
1794. Samuel Vince.
' Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids ; with a Description of the Construction of Experiments, in order to obtain some fundamental Principles.' Phil. Trans., 1795.
1795 and 1796. Samuel Vince. (?)
1797. Samuel Vince.
' Experiments upon the Resistance of Bodies moving in Fluids.'
Phil. Trans., 1798.
1798. Samuel Vince.
* Observations upon an unusual Horizontal Refraction of the Air ; with Remarks on the Variations to which the lower Parts of the Atmosphere are sometimes subject/ Phil. Trans., 1799.
1799. Samuel Vince. (?)
1800. Thomas Young.
' On the Mechanism of the Eye.' Phil. Trans., 1801.
1801. Thomas Young.
' On the Theory of Light and Colours.' PhU. Trans., 1802.
1802. William Hyde Wollaston.
( Observations on the Quantity of Horizontal Refraction ; with Method of measuring the Dip at Sea.' Phil. Trans. , 1803.
1803. Thomas Young.
* Experiments and Calculations relative to Physical Optics.'
Phil. Trans., 1804.
226 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1804. Samuel Vince.
•Observations on the Hypotheses which have been assumed to account for the cause of Gravitation from Mechanical Principles.'
Journal Book, vol. xxxviii, p. 334.
.I. William Hyde Wollaston.
' On the Force of Percussion.' Phil. Trans., 1806.
1806. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
' ( )n some ( 'hemical Agencies of Electricity.' Phil. Trans., 1807.
1807. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
1 On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances which constitute their Bases.' Phil. Trans., 1808.
1808. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
' An Account of some new Analytical Researches on the Nature of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matter, and the Acids hitherto uudecompounded ; with some general Observations on Chemical Theory.' Phil. Trans., 1809, pp. 39, 450.
1809. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
' On some new Electro-Chemical Researches, on various objects, particularly the Metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earths ; and on some Combinations of Hydrogen.' Phil. Trans., 1810.
1810. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
' On some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygen, and on the Chemical Relations of these Principles to Inflammable Bodies.'
Phil. Trans., 1811.
1811. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. (?)
1812. William Hyde Wollaston.
' < )n the Elementary Particles of certain Crystals.' Phil. Trans., 1813.
1813. William Thomas Brande.
f On some new Electro-Chemical Phenomena.' Phil. Trans., 1814.
1814 to 1818. No record.
1819. William Thomas Brande.
1 On the Composition and Analysis of the inflammable Gaseous Compounds resulting from the destructive Distillation of Coal and Oil; with some lleniarks on their relative heating and illuminating power.'
Phil. Trans., 1820.
1820. Captain Henry Kater.
' On the best kind of Steel, and form, for a Compass Needle.'
Phil. Trans., 1821.
1821. Captain Edward Sabine.
<-<>mit of Kxperiments to determine the Amdunt of the Dip of the Magnetic Nr.-.ilo jn London, iii August 1821; with Remarks on tin- niim-nN which are usually employed in such determinations.'
Phil. Trans., 1822.
1822. i\
THE BAKERIAN LECTURl 227
1823. John F. W. Herschel.
' On certain Motions produced in Fluid Conductors when transmitting the Electric Current.' |M,il. Tnuw., 1824.
1824 to 1825. No record.
1826. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
* On the Relations of Electrical and Chemical Changes. ' Phil. Trans., 1826.
1827. George Pearson.
« Researches to discover the Faculties of Pulmonary Absorption with respect to Charcoal.' Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 201.
1828. William Hyde Wollaston.
' On a Method of rendering Platina malleable.' Phil. Trans., 1829.
1829. Michael Faraday.
' On the Manufacture of Glass for Optical Purposes.' Phil. Trans., 1830.
1830. No record.
1831. No record.
1832. Michael Faraday.
' Experimental Researches in Electricity ; Second Series.'
Abstracts of Papers, vol. iii, p. 06.
1833. Samuel Hunter Christie.
' Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction in different masses of the same metal, and of its intensity in different metals.'
Abstracts of Papers, vol. iii, p. 177.
1834. Not appointed.
1835. Charles Lyell.
' On the Proofs of a gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden.'
Phil. Trans., 1835.
1836. John William Lubbock.
< On the Tides of the Port of London.' Phil. Trans. , 1836.
1837. William Henry Fox Talbot.
' Further Observations on the Optical Phenomena of Crystals.'
Phil. Trans. ,1837.
1838. James Ivory.
' On the Theory of the Astronomical Refractions.' Phil. Trans., 1838.
1839. William Snow Harris.
' Inquiries concerning the Elementary Laws of Electricity.'
Phil. Trans., 1839.
1840. George Biddell Airy.
* On the Theoretical Explanation of an apparent new Polarity of Light'
Phil. Trans., 1840.
1841. George Newport.
' On the Organs of Reproduction and the Development of the Myriapoda.'
Phil. Trans., 1841.
1842. James David Forbes.
' On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the Solar Rays in passing through it.' Phil. Trans., 1842.
228 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1843. Charles \Ylu-atstone.
• An Account of several new Instruments and Processes for determining the
•ants of a Voltaic Circuit.' Phil. Trans., 1843.
1844. Richard Owen.
' A Description of certain Belemnites, preserved, with a great proportion of their -oft parts, in the Oxford Clay, at Christian-Malford, Wilts.'
Phil. Trans., 1844.
1845. Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny.
• Memoir on the Rotation of Crops, and on the Quantity of Inorganic Matters abstracted from the Soil by various Plants under different circumstances.'
Phil. Trans., 1845.
1846. .Inme> David Forbes.
' Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.' Phil. Trans., 1846.
1847. William Robert Grove.
' On certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition and the Decomposition of Water into its constituent Gases by Heat.' Phil. Trans., 1847.
1848. Rev. William Whewell.
' Researches on the Tides.' Thirteenth Series. On the Tides of the Pacific, and on the Diurnal Inequality. Phil. Trans., 1848.
1849. Michael Faraday.
1 Experimental Researches in Electricity.' Twenty-Second Series.
Phil. Trans., 1849.
1850. Thomas Graham.
' On the Diffusion of Liquids.' Phil. Trans., 1850.
1851. Michael Faraday.
' Experimental Researches in Electricity.' Twenty-Fourth Series.
Phil. Trans., 1851.
1852. Charles Wheatstone.
' ( (intributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part. II. On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved Phenomena of Binocular Vision (continued).'
Phil. Trans., 1852.
1853. Col. Edward Sabine.
' On the Influence of the Moon on the Magnetic Declination at Toronto, St. Helena, and Hobarton.' Phil. Trans., 1853.
1854. Thomas Graham.
< On Osmotic Force.' Phil. Trans., 1854.
John Tyndail.
' ( Mi the Nature of the Force by which Bodies are repelled from the Poles of .1 M.i<rm-t : to which i- prefixed an account of some experiments on Molecular Iiiflwri. •'•-.' Phil. Trans., 1855.
1856. William Thomson.
the Klectnwlynamir Qualities of Metals.' Phil. Trans., 1856.
1857. Mirharl I'aradav.
••'Hmeiital Relations of Gold (and other metals) to Light.'
Phil. Trans., 1857.
THE BAKERIAN LECTUKI
1858. John Peter Gassiot.
4 On the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharge* a* observed in Torricellian Vacua.' IM.il. I rana., 1868.
1859. Edward Frankland.
' Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies.' Fourth Memoir.
IM.il. Tram., 1809.
1860. William Fairbairn.
' Experimental Researches to determine the Density of Steam at different Temperatures, and to determine the Law of Superheated Steam.'
IM.il. Trans., 1800.
1861. John Tyndall.
' On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connection of Radiation, Absorption and Conduction.'
IM.il. Trans., 1861.
1862. Warren De la Rue.
( On the Total Solar Eclipse of July 18, 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near Miranda de Ebro, in Spain.' Phil. Trans., 1862.
1863. Henry Clifton Sorby.
' On the Direct Correlation of Mechanical and Chemical Forces.'
Proceedings, vol. 12, 1863.
1864. John Tyndall.
' Contributions to Molecular Physics : being the Fifth Memoir of Researches on Radiant Heat.' Phil. Trans., 1864.
1865. Henry Enfield Roscoe.
' On a Method of Meteorological Registration of the Chemical Action of Total Daylight.' Phil. Trans., 1865.
1866. James Clerk Maxwell.
' On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases.'
Phil. Trans., 1866.
1867. Frederick Augustus Abel.
' Researches on Gun-Cotton. (Second Memoir.) On the Stability of Gun- Cotton.' Phil. Trans., 1867.
1868. Henry Enfield Roscoe.
' Researches on Vanadium.' Phil. Trans. , 1868.
1869. Thomas Andrews.
< The Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter.'
Phil. Trans., 1869.
1870. John William Dawson.
'On the Pre-Carboniferous Flora of North Eastern America, and more especially on that of the Brian (Devonian) Period.' Proceedings, vol. 18.
1871. Charles William Siemens.
'On the Increase of Electrical Resistance in Conductors with Rise of Temperature, and its Application to the Measure of Ordinary and Furnace Temperatures : also on a simple Method of measuring Electrical Resistances.'
Proceedings, vol. 19.
230 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
William Kitchen Parker.
' On the Structure and Development of the Skull of the Salmon (Salmo
Proceedings, vol. 20.
1873. Earl ot'Ro-
• ( hi the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the Law of its Absorption by our Atmosphere, and its variation in Amount with her Phases.'
Proceedings, vol. 21.
1874. J. Norman Lockyer.
'Researches in Spectrum Analysis in connection with the Spectrum of the Sun.' Part III. Phil. Trans., 1874.
1875. William (irvlls Adams.
• On the Forms of Kquipotential Curves and Surfaces and on Lines of Flow.'
Proceedings, vol. 24.
1876. Thomas Andrews.
' On the Gaseous State of Matter.' Proceedings, vol. 24.
1877. William Crawford Williamson.
' On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures.' Part IX.
Phil. Trans., 1878.
1878. William Crookes.
' ( >n Repulsion resulting from Radiation. Part V.' Phil. Trans., 1878.
1879. William Crookes.
' On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure and the Trajectory of Molecules.' Phil. Trans., 1879.
1880. Captain William de W. Abney.
' On the Photographic Method of Mapping the least refrangible end of the Solar Spectrum.' Phil. Trans., 1880.
1881. John Tyndall.
' Action of free Molecules on Radiant Heat, and its conversion thereby into sound.' . Phil. Trans., 1882.
Ileinric-hDebus.
' ( >n the Chemical Theory of Gunpowder.' Phil. Trans., 1882.
1883. William Crookes.
'On Radiant Matter Spectroscopy : the Detection and wide Distribution of Yttrium.' Phil. Trans., 1883.
1884. Arthur Schuster.
1 Experiments on the Discharge of Electricity through Gases. Sketch of a Theory.' Proceedings, vol. 37.
1885. William Unpins.
• On the Corona of the Sun.' Proceedings, vol. 39.
1886. Captain William de W. Abney and Major-General Edward Robert
ting.
< "lour Photometry.' Phil. Trans., 1886.
1887. Joseph John Thomson.
' On tli<> Di^.M iation of «>me Gases by the Electric Discharge.'
Proceedings, vol. 42 (Abstract).
THE BAKERIAN LECTUR1 281
1888. J. Norman Lockyer.
< Suggestions on the Classification of the various Specie* of Heavenly Bodien. A Report to the Solar Physics Committee.' Proceeding!, vol. 44.
1889. Arthur William Riicker and Thomas Edward Thorpe.
' A Magnetic Survey of the British Isles for the Epoch January 1, 1883.'
IM.il. Traiw., A, vol. 181.
1890. Arthur Schuster.
' The Discharge of Electricity through Gams. Preliminary ( .mimunira-
Proceeding*, vol 17.
1891. George Howard Darwin.
' On Tidal Prediction/ Phil. Tranii., A, voL 182.
1892. James Thomson.
' On the Grand Currents of Atmospheric Circulation.'
Phil. Trans., A, vol. 183.
1893. Harold B. Dixon.
' The Rate of Explosion in Gases.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 184.
1894. Thomas Edward Thorpe and J. W. Rodger.
t On the Relations between the Viscosity (internal friction) of Liquids and their Chemical Nature.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 186.
1895. A. G. Vernon Harcourt and William Esson.
f On the Laws of Connexion between the Conditions of a Chemical Change and its Amount. III. Further Researches on the Reaction of Hydrogen Dioxide and Hydrogen Iodide.' Phil. Trans., A, 1895.
1896. William Chandler Roberts- Austen.
' On the Diffusion of Metals.' Phil. Trans., A, 1896.
1897. Osborne Reynolds and W. H. Moorby.
' On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 190.
1898. William James Russell.
' Further Experiments on the Action exerted by certain Metals and other Bodies on a Photographic Plate.' Proceedings, rol. 63.
1899. James Alfred Ewing and W. Rosenhain.
1 The Crystalline Structure of Metals.' Phil. Trans., A, voL 193.
1900. William Augustus Tilden.
' On the Specific Heat of Metals and the Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight.' Phil- Trans., A, vol. 194.
1901. James Dewar.
'The Nadir of Temperature and Allied Problems.'
Proceedings, vol. 68 (Abstract).
1902. Lord Rayleigh.
< On the Law of the Pressure of Gases between 75 and 150 Millimetres of Mercury.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 198.
1903. C. T. Heycock and F. H. Neville.
' On the Constitution of the Copper-tin Series of Alloys/
Phil. Trans., A, vol. 202.
•J3-2 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Rutherford.
i of Changes in Radio-active Bodies.'
Phil. Trans., A, vol. 204. e T. Brown. ' The Reception and Ttilisation of Energy by the Green Leaf.'
Proceedings, B, vol. 76.
1906. John Milne.
• Recent Advance^ in Seismology.' Proceedings, A, vol. 77.
1907. Thoma> Kdward Thorpe.
• The Atomic Weight of Radium.' Proceedings, A, vol. 80.
1908. Charles H. Lees.
'The Ktf'ects of Temperature and Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities -lids.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 208.
Sir Joseph Larmor.
•On the statistical and Thermodynamical Relations of Radiant Energy.'
Proceedings, A, vol. 83.
1910. John Henry Poynting and Guy Barlow.
' The Pressure of Light against the Source : the Recoil from Light.'
Proceedings, A, vol. 83.
1911. Robert John Strutt.
'A Chemically-Active Modification of Nitrogen Produced by the Electric Discharge.' Proceedings, A, vol. 85.
191 2. Hugh Longbourne Callendar.
' On the Variation of the Specific Heat of Water, with Experiments by a new Method.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 212.
CHAPTER VIII
THE LIBRARY, RELICS, PORTRAITS, BUSTS, AM) MKDALS
THE LIBRARY
AT the beginning of its existence the Royal Society proceeded to form a library.1 In 1667, at the instance of John Evelyn, Mr. Henry H<> (afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk) presented the Society with * The Library of Arundel House, to dispose thereof as their propriety, desiring only that in case the Society should come to faile, it might return to Arundel House ; and that this inscription Ex dono Henrici Howard Norfokiemls might be put upon every book given them'. «The Society received this noble donation with all thankfulnesse, and ordered that Mr. Howard should be registered as a benefactor.'' 2
This Library was not removed from Arundel House until the winter of 1678-9, shortly before the demolition of that building. It was then transferred to Gresham College, which, as stated in Chapter I, was the home of the Society down to 1710. A catalogue was drawn up by William Perry, a Fellow of the Society, and ordered to be printed. This catalogue, which was published in 1681, was made to comprise, in separate lists, the other books in the possession of the Society, which included those bequeathed by Mr. George Ent,3 and those presented by their authors and others.
The Arundel House Library was a valuable collection of both printed books and manuscripts. Some of the MSS. were reputed to have come originally from the famous library which King Mathias Corvinus had formed at Buda- Pest, passing thence in later years into the possession of Bilibald Pirckheinu-r of Nuremberg. Pirckheimer died in 1530, leaving a large library. A century later this library came into the possession of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, the famous collector, who purchased it during, his embassy to Vienna in 1636. Many of the books still in the Society's possession contain Pirckheimer's bookplate designed by Albert Dlirer. The Arundel House Library is
1 De Sorbiere, who visited the Society at Gresham College in 1663, refers to the beginning of a library (' Voyage en Angleterre' (1664), p. 87). He was one of the two foreigners elected as original Fellows of the Royal Society (see p. 45 note and Chronological List of Fellows).
1 Journal Book, January 2, 1666-7.
8 Not to be mistaken for Sir George Ent, M.D., one of the original Fellows of tin* Society.
_>:u RECOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
succinctly described l)v Kvelyn in his « Diary ' under date August 29, 1678, and letter to Sannu-l Pepys dated August 12, 1689. As presented to the Kovul Socii-tv it consisted of about 2,500 printed books and 570 MSS.
The Society's records show that the Arundel collection, or Norfolk Library as it was commonly called, was long kept separate from the other books. In the course of the next two centuries, however, during which the Society had to make tour removals, and would seem always to have suffered from deficient library accommodation, the Norfolk books became ultimately more or less merged in the Society's general library, thus escaping special supervision ; and they were never again brought together as a complete collection. The second library catalogue printed by the Society (1825) made no distinction • •I'n the books of the Norfolk Library and those of the Society's general library, nor was any distinction made in the classified catalogues printed in 1839-41.
\Vhen making arrangements for the last removal, from the rooms in old Burlington House to the Society's present quarters, the Council, on the recommendation of the Library Committee, resolved (June 20, 1872) 'to dispose of superfluous books from the collection of works in miscellaneous literature \ A large number of such books, including many of the Norfolk books, were accordingly disposed of. The most valuable of the books of purely literary interest retained by the Society were collected together in 1883, under the superintendence of the Treasurer (Sir John Evans), and these, after bring in large part appropriately re-bound, are now kept under lock and key in a dust-proof case. Among many valuable and interesting items which they include are a Caxton Chaucer (1484 ?), a Second Folio Shakespeare, two volumes from the pi-ess of Fust and Schoeffer printed on vellum and finely illu- minaf ed (' Liber Sextus Decretalium', 1465, and Cicero <De OffichV 1466), a fine copy of Kuclid (Edith Princeps, 1482), a copy of the 'Nuremberg Chronicle' ( 1 11)3), Hartholomaeus de Proprietatibus (1495 ?), a fine example of Diirer's • Historia Mariae', &c., a number of Editiones Principes of the Latin classics. many Aldines, a large collection of Luther's and other scarce Reformation Tracts, and many other works of literary or typographical interest. In view of its great value, an exact bibliographical catalogue of this collection, as now existing, has recently been prepared and printed.1 The Manuscripts in the Norfolk Library were sold to the British Museum in 1830 and 1835, »h« proceeds (about ,£3,720) being devoted to the purchase of scientific
The Soci«-ty"> Library has been enriched from time to time by gifts and
'Catalogue of :i Collertion of Karly Printed Hooks in the Library of the Royal
.' I'.HO. Thiv Catalogue \V;i< prepared by two members of the library staff of the
British Muslim Mr. Henry M. Mayliew, who died after completing about a third of his
md .Mr. H. l-'an|iihar<on Sharp, who finished the work and passed it through the
THE LIBRARY
bequests, among which may be mentioned, beside* the books bequeathed by George Ent already referred to, a bequest of books by Francis Aston, taJt&, in 1715, a valuable collection of books and tracts bearing on the history of science presented by Henry Dircks, C.E., in 1865, and a bequ.M. by the late Mr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., of his library of lxx>ks on the Protozoa, accompanied by a continuation fund. The scientific books in the Library now number nearly 100,000 volumes. In making additions especial attention has for many years past been paid to scientific serials, and the collection of Journals and of the Transactions of Academies and Societies is now a very large one. A Catalogue of the Scientific Books, in two parts, was issued in 1881-3, Part I containing the Serial Literature and Part II being the general Catalogue of separate works, exclusive of Serials. A new Catalogue of the Serials is now passing through the press.
Regulations for the use of the Library are laid down by Standing Orders of Council, and are printed in the Year Book. Under these regulations, books out on loan are called in by order of Council once a year, at the beginning of the long Vacation ; and during the month of August no book is allowed to leave the house.
Besides the Library of printed books the Society possesses a rich collection of early scientific correspondence, official records, and other manuscripts. These include the original MS., with Newton's corrections, from which the first edition of the * Principia ' was printed, the MS. volume of the ' Commercium Epistolicum ' relating to the Leibnitz- Newton controversy on the invention of the method of fluxions ; the MS. of John Aubrey's ' Memoires of Naturall Remarques in the County of Wilts', written in 1685 ; a collection of over 300 Dutch letters by Leeuwenhoek ; a collection of letters and the MSS. of four works by Malpighi, with original drawings ; a collection of letters by Henry Oldenburg, the first Secretary, and Dr. J. Beale written to Robert Boyle, Oldenburg's commonplace book containing drafts of his letters to Milton and to Boyle, the autograph MS. of Wallis's 'Treatise on Logic', published in the folio edition of his works, a large collection of Newtoniana in six great volumes presented by the Rev. Chas. Turnor, an album of letters of Priestley with portraits and other memorials collected by James Yates, F.R.S., and another in two volumes relating to John Canton, F.R.S., and his corre- spondents.
The manuscripts and the MS. letters are catalogued in the ' Catalogues of Miscellaneous Manuscripts ', compiled by J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, F.R.S., in 1839, and W. E. Shuckard in 1840, respectively. Among series not there catalogued are the ' Letter-Books ', containing copies of the early scientific correspondence from the beginning of the Society to the end of the seventeenth century ; the ' Register Book ' containing copies of scientific memoirs commu- nicated to the Society; and a series of nineteen volumes containing the Certificates of Candidature in which the qualifications of candidates are stated,
KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
with tin sjo-Matuivs or names of proposers and supporters appended; these began with tin- year 1731.
In addition to the volumes above enumerated there are four long sets of
i-!>ooks. of which OIK- consists of thirty-nine volumes and includes the MSS.
Iv memoirs communicated to the Society, grouped for the most part under
subjects. This scries contains documents dating from before the grant of the
tec to the year 1741. It consists of about 2,500 items, which have
ilv been completely catalogued by Sir Arthur Church, F.R.S., under the
title- of 'Classified Papers1, and an alphabetical list of the authors with
DOtt lia> been printed by him.1 The second series of guard-books is
arranged chronologically, and comprises both memoirs and letters to the
number of .'5,G.")0. It consists of 127 Volumes and covers the period 1741 to
I son. This series has also been catalogued by Sir Arthur Church.2 The
third and fourth Aeries consist of the original MSS. of (i) papers which have
published in the 'Philosophical Transactions ' and the ' Proceedings ', and
(ii) the papers read before the Society but 'archived', without being published.
These are hound in separate sets, and are preserved in the lower part of the
Society's building.
Other MSS. connected with individual Fellows are — the great collection of Boyle papers, bound in fifty-three volumes; five volumes of Dr. Sherard's correspondence, being letters addressed to William Sherard, F.R.S., many years British Consul at Smyrna and founder of the Sherardian Professorship of Botany at Oxford; and the Boole MSS., being six cases of papers by Prof. George Boole. F.R.S., relating to mathematics and logic. These collections are classified and arranged. The Sherard letters have been numbered and catalogued and an Index Nominum to them has been printed by Sir Arthur Church.
All the manuscripts in the Archives are available for consultation by I-Vllows of the Society and persons duly introduced, under conditions pre- by Statute (Chap. XVI).
Some Account of the "Classified Papers" in the Archives [of the Royal Society] \\ith an Index of Authors, compiled by A. H. Church, D.Sc., F.R.S., Oxford, Printed for
tin- Author, I'.X)?.' In addition to what is contained in tins pamphlet Sir Arthur Church • •pareil a complete manuscript catalogue of the titles of the Papers in this series, forminir a larire folio volume. By this great labour he has provided the Society with tl of readily finding any paper belonging1 to the period named.
••.nit of the li Letters and Papers" of the Period 1741-1806 in the Archives
|of the Koyal Society] with an Index of Authors, compiled by A. H. Church, D.Sc., F.R.S.,
•!. I'nnte.l for the Author, 11HM.' In this case also Sir Arthur Church has compiled
a voliiminoii- manuscript Calendar of the subjects of the letters and papers, thereby greatly
itiiiir ret'erenre to them. These manuscript volumes are deposited in the Library
nf (he ! ety.
237
INSTRUMENTS AND HISTORICAL RELICS
i. HKLICS OF SIR Is.\.\< NEWTON
1. Solar Dial cut in stone, made by the hand of Sir I>aa< Vuton \\hrii
a boy, taken out in 1844 from the uall «,f »!..• : Woolsthorpe, in which he was born, and presented tin- MUM to the Royal Society by the Rev. Chas. Turnor, F.K.S., to u family the house belonged.
2. Two rules made of the wood of Sir Isaac Newton \ apple-tree at Woola-
thorpe. Presented by Rev. Chas. Tumor, F.K.S.
3. Original Reflecting Telescope of Sir Isaac Newton, made with his own
hands, in 1671. (*Phil. Trans.,1 vol. 7, p. 4004.) Presented to the • Royal Society by Messrs. Heath and Wing, Math. Imt. Makers, Strand, London ; Feb. 6, 1766. 4 parts.
4. The MS. of the 'Principia', from which the First Edition was printed,
with autograph corrections by Sir Isaac Newton.
5. An autograph order, dated July 27, 1720, addressed by Sir Isaac Newton
to Dr. John Francis Ffouquier, directing him to apply certain MIHI^ belonging to Newton in purchasing, on Newton's account, South Sea Stock. Presented by Dr. Wollaston, P.R.S.
6. The original mask of Newton's face, which belonged to Roubiliac, from the
cast taken after death. Presented in 1839 by Prof. Hunter Christie. Sec.R.S.
7. Sir Isaac Newton's Watch.
8. A lock of Sir I. Newton's Hair. Presented by Henry Garling, Oct. 25, 1847.
9. Armchair, formerly belonging to Sir Isaac Newton. Bequeathed in 1812
to Richard Saumarez. Bequeathed to the Royal Society in 1891 by the late Mr. Thomas Kerslake, of Clevedon.
ii. OTHER RELICS AND INSTRUMENTS
1. Air-pump, with double barrel. Presented to the Royal Society by the
Hon. Robert Boyle, in 1662.
2. Sir William Petty "s Double-bottomed boat.
' Upon the reading of a letter, sent out of Ireland to the Secretary, concerning the expectation, which the Committee, that heretofore had given the Society an Account of Sr William Petty's new ship, did entertain for hearing the sense of the Society thereupon, it was
'Ordered, That the Committee should be put in minde by the Secretary that the Matter of Navigation, being a State-concerne, was not proper to be managed by the Society ; And that Sr William Petty, for his private satisfaction, may, when he pleases, have the sense (if he hath it not already) of particular Members of the Society, concerning his new Invention.' — Council Minutes, May 27, 1063.
' The Papers of the next Philosophical Transactions, having been considered of, and the account therein given concerning the Structure and Advantages of Sr William Petty's Double-bottom'd ship ; it was resolved, that the publication of them should be differed, till his Ma*y had been made acquainted with the particulars therein, relating to the said ship.' — Council Minutes, April 26, 1665.
238 KKCOKI) OK THE ROYAL SOCIETY
;; H;,, _ il Tele-rope.
(1) An Object-glass of 1:2.2 feet focal length, with an eye- l ,',f (> inches, and original apparatus for adjust- ment, made by Huygens, and presented by him to the Royal Society in 1691.
i The apparatus for using Huygens's object-glass, con- 12 parts. strueted by Ilooke.
(3) Additional apparatus, by Dr. Pound. Presented by Dr.
Bradley.
(4) Ditto, by Mr. Cavendish.
4. An Object-^lass by Huyuens, of 170 feet focal length. Presented to the
Royal Socict// by Sir Isaac Newton, P.R.S.
5. An Objirt-glass by Huygens, with two eye-glasses by Scarlet, for a
Telescope of 210 feet. Presented by the Rev. Gilbert Burned M.A., F.H.S., in 1724.
6. An Object-glass (Venetian), of 90 feet focal length : which belonged to
Flamsteed. Presented to the Royal Society by James Hodgson, F.R.S., in 1737.
7. Chronometer, by Arnold.
8. Chronometer, by Arnold.
Both these Chronometers accompanied Captain Cook on his second and third Voyages,
9. Armed Loadstone.
<;rr\v's ' Catalogue of Rarities' (p. 364) mentions an Orbicular Loadstone or Ter- \r]r//<i, Driven hy Sir Christopher Wren, the size of which, so far as the stone is rum-erned, agrees with the above ; it is conjectured that it may he the same.
10. A Galvanic Battery, made by Dr. Wollaston, in a tailor's thimble.
Presented to the Royal Society by Sir A. W. Franks, June 28, 1879. In a letter to the late William Spottiswoode, P.R.S., which accompanied this pn-nit. Sir (then Mr.) Augustus Wollaston Franks says that this little battery was given hy his godfather. Dr. Wollaston, to his mother, then Miss Sebright. iUo an anecdote about this battery in Weld's ' History of the Royal Society', vol. -2, p. :'.<><).
11. Dr. Priestley's Electrical Machine.
1'.'. The original Model for Davy's Safety Lamp.
\'\. The Mountain Barometer used by the late Mr. Charles Darwin, F.R.S., during his voyage round the world in H.M.S. 'Beagle'. Presented by ///.v c.n'cutorx in December, 1899.
M i radiometers and otheoscopes used by Sir William Crookes to
illustrate his papers read before the Society between 1875 and 187H in connexion with his researches on 'Repulsion Resulting from Radiation'.
•titcd by Mr William Crookes, For.Sec.R.S., October, 1911. The remainder of the instruments lately in the possession of the Society deposited in the Science Museum, South Kensington.
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OIL
IN THE POSSESSION OF THE ROYAL SOCIKH
Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel (1586-1646). Sir Isaac Newton
Connoisseur and Art Collector : formed at Aruudel House the first considerable art collection in England. Filled high State offices previous to the civil wan. The Arundel Library, purchased by him in Germany, and containing the greater part of the collection of Bilibald I'irckheimer, was presented to the Royal So* by his grandson in 1667.
By T. Murray, after Van Dyck.
Francis Aston, F.R.S. (died 1715).
Sec.R.S. 1681-5, and a benefactor of the Society ; member of the Committee appointed by the Society to report upon the controversy between the friends of Newton and Leibnitz as to the invention of the Differential Calculus.
By F. Kerseboom.
Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Martin Folkes, P.R.S., 1754
Appointed Attorney-General 1613, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1617, and Lord Chancellor, with the title of Baron Verulam, in 1618. Subsequently deprived of his high offices, he devoted himself to philosophical pursuits, and is famous as the originator of the modern school of experimental philosophy.
Painted in the Studio of Paul Van Somer.
Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., Pres.R.S.)
(1743-1820). Don Jose deMendoza
Elected F.R.S. 1766 ; President 1778-1820. (See also p. 203.) By Thomas Phillips, R.A.
Civil Servant, Traveller, and Author. Secretary to the Admiralty for forty years, and there, assisted by the Royal Society, he originated and organized many Arctic voyages of discovery. Active in establishing the Royal Geographical Society. Created a Baronet in 1835. Elected F.R.S. in 1805 and served frequently on the Council.
By Stephen Pearce after a portrait by J. Jackson, R.A. Charles Theodore, Elector Palatine of > The ^^ rf
Bavaria.
Succeeded to the sovereignty of Bavaria in 1777. Benjamin Thompson, F. R.S. , afterwards founder of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, was in his service 1784-95, and was by him created Count Rumford.
Painter unknown.
Thomas Birch, D.D., F.R.S. (1705-66).
Theologian and Author. Elected F.R.S. 1735 ; Secretary 1752-65. Published a ' History' of the Royal Society containing a detailed record of its early activities. By J. Wells.
Jio RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
The Honourable Robert Boyle, F.R.S. (1627-91). His Executors, 1692
Tin- HUM eminent man of science of his day ; took a leading part in establish- ing the Ivoyal Society : was one of its first Council ; chosen President in 1680, Init declined the office; contributed fifty-right papers to the l Philosophical Transaction- '.
Hv .1. K( rx boom (attributed also to John Riley).
The Honourable Robert Boyle, F.R.S. Sir C. Wheatstone, F.R.S., 1876
Painting afh-r Kerscboom.
James Bradley, D.D., F.R.S. (1693-1762). The Rev. Mr. Peach, 1790
Savilian Professor of Astronomy 1721 ; Astronomer-Royal 1742-62. Celebrated for the accuracy of his observations which are fundamental in positional astronomy ; discovered aberration and nutation. Elected F.R.S. 1718.
By J. Hit-h.-inlson.
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601).
Tlio great Danish Astronomer on whose work Kepler built. Painter unknown. Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bart., Pres.R.S.)
(1783-1862). Sir B.C. Brodie, 1873
Surgeon and Physiologist. Elected F.R.S. 1810; President 1858-61. (See p. 204.)
By A. Thompson, after G. R Watts, R.A.
Viscount Brouncker, Pres.R.S. (1620-84). Viscount Brouncker
Eminent .Mathematician. One of the most active promoters of the Royal Society and its first President. (See p. 200.)
Studio copy after Sir Peter Lely.
George Buchanan (reputed) (1506-82). Thomas Povey, Esq.
Scottish Historian, Scholar, and Theologian. Regent of University of Coimbra, Portugal, 1.047: -uh-cMjuently Principal of St. Ceonards College, St. Andrews, and Lord Privy Seal (Scotland).
Attributed to Pourbus (? Adriaen Keij).
Paul Buissiere, F.R.S. Peter Buissiere, Esq.
I r.-n. h Surgeon and Physiologist established at Copenhagen. Elected F.R.S. ' : contributed papers to ' Philosophical Transactions': letters preserved in
Archive--. U.S.
Painter unknown.
Sir James Burrow, Pres.R.S. (1701-82). Sir James Burrow, 1777
Elected l.K.s. 17:57; President for short periods in 1708 and 1772. (See
p. a
Hv .Ir.-in H;i|)tlsfr \ailloO.
MirHAKI. F \i( VIMV
• , in tlu> possession of 1 1.-
•
Sir B. C. Bro sident 1858-61.
unit Broi of the I\
Thou
Pete
AI KHAKI, FAHADAY From a portrait by A. Blaikley, in the possession of the Royal Society
LIST OF FORTH A ITS IN OIL
•JH
Executors of John
Samuel Chandler, D.D., F.R.S. (1693-1766). Chandler, E*]., IK-.. 1781
An eminent Dissenting Theologian. Elected I. K.s 1754. By M. Chamberlain.
Sir John Chardin, F.R.S. (1643-1713). < ;. I landlord, Esq., 1887
Traveller. Published notes of his travels as a jewel merchant in Persia and India. Protestant refugee to England 1681. Knighted 1081. K,,v,,y t., Holland 1684. Elected F.R.S. 1682.
By Michael Dahl (doubtful).
King Charles II, Founder of the R.S. (1630-85). King Charles II (<)
Founded also the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and the Royal Mathematical School of Christ's Hospital. (See Chapter I.)
Painted in the School of Lely.
John George Children, F.R.S. (1777-1852). Dr. J. E. Gray, F.K.>., 1878
Electrician and Chemist. Elected F.R.S. 1807 ; Secretary 18:M. By S. Pearce (doubtful).
Daniel Colwall, F.R.S. (died 1690). D. Col wall, Esq.
Elected F.R.S. 1663; Treasurer 1665-79; inaugurated the Society's < K. tory' 1666.
A copy after an unknown artist.
William Clift, F.R.S. (1775-1849). Mrs. Owen, 1858
Naturalist and Osteologist. Conservator of the Hunterian Museum 1709-1844. Elected F.R.S. 1823, and served on the Council. Contributed papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions '.
By Henry Schmidt.
Taylor Combe, F.R.S. (1774-1826). Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., 1873
Numismatist. Keeper of Coins (1803) and Antiquities (1807-26) in British Museum. Elected F.R.S. 1806.
Painter unknown.
Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543). Dr. Wolf, 1776
Founder of Astronomy. Professor of Mathematics at Rome. His treatise ' De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ' which discloses the ' Copernican System ' was published in 1543.
Copy after an older portrait.
Sir William Crookes, O.M., F.R.S. Subscribers, 1911
Chemist and Physicist. Discoverer of Thallium, and of mechanical and electrical phenomena of rarefied gases. Copley, Royal, and Davy Medallist, and three times Bakerian Lecturer. Elected F.R.S. 1863 ; For. Sec. R.S. 1908-
By E. A. Walton.
B
242 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Presented by John Dalton, D.C.L., F.R.S. (1766-1844). A Memorial Committee, 1841
f Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in New College, Manchester, I7S»:; 9, Founder of the atomic theory in Chemistry. Elected F.R.S. 1822 ; awarded the rtr>t Royal medal in 182C>. By B. K. Faulkner.
Sir Humphry Davy, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1778-1829). Lady Davy, 1829
Chemist and Physicist: discoverer of the alkali metals. Elected F.R.S. 1803;
Btary l»(»7-12: President 1820-7. (See also p. 203.) By Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A.
William Derham, D.D., F.R.S. (1657-1735). George Scott, Esq.
Kminent Divine, Natural and Experimental Philosopher. Published many of John Ray's MSS. Elected F.R.S. 1702, and contributed forty-five papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions'. By G. White.
Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Dr. Maty, 1776
(u-eat Mathematician and Philosopher. A copy after Franz Hals.
John Dollond, F.R.S. (1706-61). George Dollond, Esq., F.R.S., 1842
Practical Optician. Copley Medallist 1758. Inventor of the achromatic telex-ope and the modern heliometer. Elected F.R.S. 1761.
By W. F. Witherington, R.A., from the original by Wilson in the Greenwich Observatory.
Sir John Evans, K.C.B., F.R.S. (1823-1908). Subscribers, 1900
Archaeologist, (Jeolo^ist, Numismatist, and Antiquary. Author of volumes on stone and hron/e implements, and on ancient coins. Elected F.R.S. 1864;
TreaMirer 187H-U8
By A. S. Cope, A.R.A.
John Evelyn, F.R.S. (1620-1706). Mrs. Evelyn, 1707
Kminent Virtuoso and Diarist. Commissioner for Privy Seal 1685-7. Active promoter and original Fellow of the R.S., and Secretary from 1673 to 1675. By Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Sir William Fairbairn, F.R.S. (1789-1874). Sir W. Fairbairn, 1874
Kiitriiu-rr. 1'n-. Brit. As>oc. 1861 ; Pres. Just. Mech. Eng. 1854. Elected F.R.S. 1H.V).
IK B. H. Faulkner.
Michael Faraday, F.R.S. (1791-1867). J. P. Gassiot, F.R.S., 1873
Cliniii-t and Natural Philosopher. Spent .his , life at the Royal Institution, uit to Sir H. Davy. After early discoveries in chemistry, itrcl the modern -cience of electricity and magnetism. Scientific adviser to Trinity H...IM- 1 »."«;. Klected F.R.S. 18LM; declined the Presidency. By A. Hlaiklcv.
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN Oil
Rev. John Flamsteed, F.R.S. (1646-171')).
First Astronomer Royal: his observation- for, 1 tin- framework of modem
astronomy. Elected F.R.S. ]<;77 : contributed forty-four paper* to the ' PI, sopliical Transactions '.
I. By T. Gibson, in 1712. .JO|IM jMrh,, 1785
II. School of Lely.
Martin Folkes, Pres.R.S. (1690-1754). <m Kolkesi
.Mathematician and Antiquary. Elected F.R.S. 1713; Vice-President President 1741-53. (See p. 202.)
By William Hogarth.
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, F.R.S. (1657-1757). Dr. Maty, F.R.S., 1776
Author, Writer, and Mathematician, nephew of Corneille. Secretary to the Academie des Sciences for forty-four years, and famous for his e'loges of deceased members. Chosen a Fellow in 1732.
Copy after H. Rigaud.
Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B., F.R.S. (1836-1907). Subscribers, 1908
Physiologist. Founder of the Biological School of Cambridge, and elected (1883) Professor of Physiology. Pres. Brit. Assoc. 1899. Elected F.R.S. 1872; Secretary 1881-1903.
By Hon. J. Collier (a replica).
Benjamin Franklin, LL.D., F.R.S. (1706-90). Caleb Whitefoord, F.R.S., 1790
American Philosopher and Statesman. In 1757 came to England as agent for Pennsylvania. Elected F.R.S. 1756 ; and contributed papers on electrical subjects to the ' Philosophical Transactions '. Copley Medallist 1753.
By Joseph Wright.
Thomas Gale, D.D., F.R.S. (1636-1702).
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ; Professor of Greek 1666 ; High Master of St. Paul's School 1677 ; Dean of York 1697. Elected F.R.S. 1677, and Secretary 1681.
Attributed to John Riley.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).
Mathematician, Physicist, and Astronomer. After Justus Sustermans.
Gassendi (Pierre Gassend) (1592-1655). Bequeathed by Dr. T. Paget, 1717
Philosopher and Man of Science. Professor of Theology at Aix 1613-23 ; of Mathematics in the Royal College of Paris 1645. Published many scientific works on astronomical, mathematical, and other subjects.
Painter unknown.
R 2
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Presented by Davies Gilbert, Pres.R.S. (1767-1839). Davies Gilbert, Esq., 1834
Klecte.l F. U.S. l»H5 : Treasurer 1820 ; President 1827-30. (See p. 203.) By Thomas Phillips, R.A.
Thomas Graham, F.R.S. (1805-69). Mrs. J. C. Inglis, 1902
( 'hemi-t. 1 Mscovered the law of the diffusion of gases, and made other important (OreriM in Chemistry. Elected F.R.S. 1836. Professor of Chemistry in I'niver<ity College, London, 1837-55. First President of the Chemical Society 1840. Master df tlu> Mint 1855-69. Hv (;. F. Watts, R.A.
•%
Edward Whitaker Gray, M.D., F.R.S. (1748-1806). Sir A. Callcott, 1830
Uotani-t. Keeper of Natural History1 Collections and Antiquities, and ••etary of Hritish Museum 1787. Elected F.R.S. 1779 ; Secretary 1797. By Sir Augustus Callcott, R.A.
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S. (1800-75). The Botanical Society, 1859
Naturalist. Keeper of Zoological Collections at British Museum 1840-74; author of numerous zoological papers and other works. Elected F.R.S. 1832.
Hv Mrs. Carpenter.
Theodore Haak, F.R.S. (1605-90).
Philosopher and Theologian. Employed by Parliament to translate ' Dutch Annotations upon the whole Bible ' 1057. One of the originators of the Royal Society, and an original Fellow.
Hv J. Richardson.
Albrecht von Haller, F.R.S. (1708-77).
s\vi<* Natural Philosopher. Professor of Medicine, Anatomy, Botany and Surgery at (Jottingen Cniversity 1736-50. Elected F.R.S. 1739.
I. Hv. C. von Stoppelaer. Dr. Sharpey, F.R.S., 1877
II. Painter unknown. Sir J. Paget, F.R.S., 1892
Edmund Halley, LL.D., F.R.S. (1656-1742).
(apt. R.N. 1700; Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford 1703; Astrono- mer Knyal 17iil. Elected F.R.S. 1678; Clerk to the Royal Society 1686-98; • •tary 1713-21. Obtained the MS. of Newton's < Priucipia ' for the U.S. and bun- the cost of publication (1687). Predicted the return of Halley's comet. Contributed eighty-one papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions' on optics, ' Panics, mathematics, a-trnnomy, magnetism, &c.
I. Copy after Sir Godfrey Kneller.
II. Attributed to Michael Dahl.
William Harvey, M.D. (1578-1657). Dr. John Mapletoft, F.R.S., 1683
M.I). (Padua) 160-j ; F.R.C.P. 1607; Lumleian Lecturer of the Royal College
of Phy>iriani from 1610, when he first publicly stated his discovery of the
Nation of the blood. In 16-Jtt Physician Extraordinary to James I; after-
\vanh Physician to ( harl«-> I.
Hv l)e Keyn (after Com. Jon son).
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OH 245
Presented by Sir John Frederick William Herschel, Bart.,) .
F.R.S. (1792-1871). } John hvan"' ! reaS'ItS" 1877
Astronomer and Mathematician. Senior Wrangler iai:>. President Actr. Soc. 1827-32. Active in introduction of modern an.ily-i- in' i. Made
numerous and important astronomical and physical dittc-ovenc* ; followed up hi* father's astronomical discoveries, particularly with reference to double ttara; writer and discoverer in Sound and Light ; introduced fundamental improvement* in photography. Created Baronet 1838. Elected I K> i 1 < opley Medallist 1821.
By C. A. Jensen.
Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (1588-1679).
Philosopher ; author of works on metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. Lived mainly at Chatsworth, where he wrote ' The Leviathan '. Mathematical tutor to Charles II when Prince of Wales (1647).
I. Attributed to William Dobson. Bequeathed by Dr. T. Taget, 1717
II. Believed to be the portrait by John Baptist Caspars (or Gaspers) presented to the Society by John Aubrey, F.R.S., in 1670, and referred to in Aubrey's Brief Lives (Clark's Ed. 1898, vol. i, p. 354).
James Holman, R.N., F.R.S. (1786-1857). Lieut. Holman, 1857
Blind Traveller. Served in the Navy 1798-1811. From 1819 onwards travelled unattended all over the world. Published ' Voyage round the World ' and other narratives. Elected F.R.S. 1827. By George Chinnery.
Sir Everard Home, Bart., F.R.S. (1756-1832), Sir E. Home, Bart.
Surgeon. Pupil of John Hunter ; Master (1813) and first President (1821) of Royal College of Surgeons. Elected F.R.S. 1785 ; contributed 107 papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions ' ; Copley Medallist 1807. Eleven times Croonian Lecturer. By Thomas Phillips, R.A.
Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, O.M., Pres.R.S. (1817-1911). Subscribers, 1881
Botanist and Traveller, and pioneer in the theory of evolution from the side of geographical distribution. Elected F.R.S. 1847; President 1873-8. (See p. 204.)
By Hon. John Collier. Sir William Huggins, K.C.B., O.M., Pres.R.S. (1824-1908). Subscribers, 1905
Pioneer and Discoverer in astrophysics. Elected F.R.S. 1865 ; President 1900-5. (See p. 205.)
By Hon. John Collier. John Hunter, F.R.S. (1728-93). Sir E. Home, Bart, 1850
Surgeon and Comparative Anatomist. Founder of the Huuterian Museum of the R. Coll. of Surgeons. Elected F.R.S. 1767 ; Copley Medallist 1787- By Robert Home.
(The dog in this picture is mentioned in ' Phil. Trans.', Vol. 77, p. 267.)
•J4<> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Presented by John Huxham, M.D., F.R.S. (1692-1768). J. C. Huxham Esq., F.R.S.
Physician. Author of medical works published in Latin at Leipzig. Elected F.ll.S. 17o'.i ; contributed numerous papers on philosophical and medical subjects to the * Philosophical Transactions '. By T. Hcnnel. James Prescott Joule, F.R.S. (1818-89). A number of Fellows R.S., 1883
Physicist. Studied under I>alton : experimental founder of the Mechanical Theory of Heat. The final determinations of ' Joule's mechanical equivalent of heat ' were communicated to the Royal Society in various papers. Fleeted F. U.S. 1850; Royal Medallist 185:! ; Copley Medallist 1860. By Hon. John Collier.
James Jurin, M.D., F.R.S. (1684-1750).' Rev. W. A. Totton, 1868
Physician to Guy's Hospital I7'J5-:tt; Pres.ll.C.P. 1750. Pioneer in exact physiology, Elected F.ll.S. 171H; Secretary 1721-7. By James Worsdale.
Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson), Pres.R.S.)
(1824-1907).
The most important Physicist, mathematical and experimental, of his day. One of the founders of thermodynamics and pioneer in electrical science, both theoretical and technical. Elected F.ll.S. 1851 ; President 1890-5. (See p. 205.) By W. Q. Orchardson, R.A.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, F.R.S. (1646-1716). Dr. Wilson, 1883
Mathematician, Physicist, and Philosopher. Contemporary and rival of Sir Isaac Newton. Elected For. Mem. 11. S. 1673 ; in 1675 contributed a paper to the 4 Philosophical Transactions'. An English copy after a German original.
John Locke, F.R.S. (1632-1704). J. Belchier, Esq., 1785
Philosopher and Publicist, friend of Sir Isaac Newton. Elected F.R.S. 1668. ctary to the newly constituted Council of Trade 1673-5, when he collaborated with Newton in the work of the Mint, including' the reorganization of the coinage. Commissioner of Appeals 1689-1704. By Sir Godfrey Kneller.
George, Earl of Macclesfield, Pres.R.S. (1697-1764).
Astronomer. Klecte.l F.ll.S. 17:^; President, 1752-64. Published the Macclcstield ( ionv-pondenee, mainly of Sir Isaac Newton and his companions.
• p. -J02.) By Thomas Hudson.
John Macculloch, M.D., F.R.S. (1773-1835). Mrs. Macculloch
Geohuri-t. Cheini-t to the Hoard of Ordinance 1803 ; Geologist to the Trigonometrical Survey 1H14 ; Pres. (Jcol. Soc. 1816-17. Published a Geological Map of Scotland and a work on Scottish geology, which is now a classic. Fleeted F.R.S i:
By B. H.
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN oil.
FVwnM '•'/ Marcello Malpighi (1628-94). Marcello Malpighi, 1680
Professor of Medicine in tin- (nivcr-ity of Bologna, 1050. ( hii-f I'i.yHidui and Chamberlain to Innocent Ml (1601); discover.-!- ,,| tin- capillary venel* ; observed the passage of the blood through them in livinir .-mi,,,..,!,. Klectod an Honorary Member U.S. on March 4, 16(58-!). His roll.-ctrd a«,rU, dedicate! the Society, were published in London under its au.-pi< .•-. By A. M. de Tobar.
Capt. George Manby, F.R.S. (1765-1854). Madame Barret, 1900
Inventor of an apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, which was extensively employed. Elected F.R.S. 1831. By S, Lane.
Gideon Algernon Mantell, LL.D., F.R.S. (1790-1852). W. Mantell, Esq., 1859
Geologist. Elected F.R.S. 1825; Royal Medallist 1H4'.». Communicated a long series of papers to the ' Philosophical Transaction- .
By J. J. Masquerier.
Nevil Maskelyne, D.D., F.R.S. (1732-1811). Mrs. Mervin Storey
Astronomer. Sent by Royal Society to observe Transit of Venus in 17<;i. Astronomer Royal 1765 ; established the Nautical Almanack 1766. Elected F.R.S. 1768 ; Copley Medallist 1775. Contributed papers to the < Philosophical Transactions'. The diagram reproduced in the picture is from his paper on a prismatic micrometer published in the c Phil. Trans.', Vol. (57.
By L. F. G. Van der Piiyl (1785).
Abraham de Moivre, F.R.S. (1667-1754). E. Wortley Montague, Esq.
Mathematician. Published e Doctrine of Chances ' and ' Miscellanea Analytica ' in 1730 which created ' imaginary trigonometry'. Elected F.R.S. 1697; con- tributed numerous papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions'. Newton, when old, was accustomed to send those who asked him questions about the ' Principia ' to De Moivre.
By Joseph Highmore.
Henry More, D.D., F.R.S. (1614-87). Bequeathed by Dr. T. Paget, 1717.
Theologian. One of the Cambridge Platouists ; published theological and philosophical works ; an original Fellow of the Society ; contributed papers to the ( Philosophical Transactions'.
Painting of the School of Lely.
Sir Isaac Newton, Pres.R.S. (1642-1727).
Elected F.R.S. 1671 ; in 1703 was chosen President, an office to which he was annually re-elected during the remaining twenty-five years of his life. (See p. 201 . )
I. By Charles Jervas. Sir Isaac Newton, 1717
II. By Vander Banck. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S., 1841
III. After Vander Banck, but signed by him. Martin Folkes, Esq., Pres.R.S.
248 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Presented by
Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, Marquis of j M is of Northampton Northampton, Pres.R.S. (1790-1851).
UM.lo.rM ami Mineralogist. Elected F.R.S. 1830, and President 1838-48. (See p. 204.) By Thomas Phillips, H.A.
Henry Oldenburg, F.R.S. (1626-77). Purchased by the Royal Society
Fir.-t Secretary U.S. 1(5(53-7; published and edited the ' Transactions ' 1664- 77. roiitrUtiitiii£ largely to them himself. Conducted extensive correspondence with foreign savants, including Leibniz and Spinoza, which has been of high importance to the scientific history of the time.
Attributed to John Van Cleef.
Thomas Paget, D.D. (died 1717).
A henefaetor of the Society, having bequeathed to it property in London. Painting of the School of Kneller by Mary Beale.
George Peacock, D.D., F.R.S. (1791-1858). Subscribers, 1860
Mathematician. Senior Wrangler ; with Woodhouse, Herschel, and Babbage introduced analytical methods and the differential notation into the mathematical course ; Lowndean Professor of Astronomy 1836-58 ; Dean of Ely 1839-58. By D. Y. Blakiston.
Samuel Pepys, Pres.R.S. (1633-1703). Samuel Pepys.
The Diarist and Secretary to the Admirality. Elected F.R.S. 1663; Presi- dent U584 -/I. (Seep. 201.)
After Sir Godfrey Kneller. Richard Price, D.D., F.R.S. (1723-91). A. Morgan, Esq., F.R.S., 1876
Di-~enting Divine and writer on moral, political, and economic science, whose works exerted a great political influence; an intimate friend of Franklin, was invited by Congress in 1778 to transfer himself to America. Elected F.R.S. 1765. Attributed to B. West, P.R.A.
Sir John Pringle, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1707-82). Sir John Pringle, 1777
Physician. Klected F.R.S. 1745 ; President 1772. (See p. 202.) By Sir Joshu:i Reynolds.
Jesse Ramsden, F.R.S. (1735-1800). Sir E. Home, Bart., F.R.S., 1850
Practical Optician and Mechanician. Inventor of well-known telescopic eye- piece ; fa mou> a- an instrument-maker throughout Europe. Elected F.R.S. 17HU ; Copley Medal 1M ]?'.»:..
By Robert Home.
John William Strutt, Baron Rayleigh, O.M., Pres.R.S. Subscribers, 1903 Mathematician and Physicist. Kleeted F.R.S. 1873; Secretary 1887-96;
President 100", K. (See p. :>(»<;.)
By Sir George Reid, P. U.S. A.
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN Oil.
f*ff- ^- 1 1 / f\fi /»•/
William Parsons, Earl of Rosse, K.P., Pres.R.S. I
(1800-67).
Astronomer. Constructed the great six-foot reflector at PanoniUnm, and detected with it the structure of the nehulae. II: Pr.-i.|,-nt 1848-54.
(See p. 204.)
By J. Catterson Smith.
General Sir Edward Sabine, Pres.R.S. (1788-1883). M 1866
Explorer and Physicist. Promoted the subject of tern-trial uiagnettan. Elected F.R.S. 1818 ; Copley Medallist 1821 ; Secretary H.s 1845-50 ; President 1861-71. (See p. 204.)
By S. Pearce.
Heinrich Christian Schumacher, For.Mem.R.S.)
(1790-1850). H.Wulft, Esq., 1847
Astronomer. Studied under Struve and Gauss ; Professor of Astronomy at Copenhagen 1808, and Director of the Observatory 181.3 ; established and n in- ducted for twenty-seven years the ' Astronomische Nachrirhten '. Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1821.
By H. Wolf.
Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1660-1753). Sir Hans Sloane, 1716
Physician, Botanist, and Virtuoso. F.R.S. 1684; Secretary 1693-1712; President 1727-41. (See p. 202.)
Face by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
John Smeaton, F.R.S. (1724-92).
Civil Engineer. Built third Eddystone Lighthouse 1756-9, and constructed the Forth and Clyde Canal. Elected F.R.S. 1753 ; Copley Medallist 1759.
I. By Mather Brown. A. Aubert, Esq., l-'.U.S.
II. By J. Richardson. A. Aubert. KMJ.. 1 '.K .-.
John, Baron Somers, Lord Chancellor, Pres.R.S. (1652-1716). Sir J. Jekyll
Lawyer and Statesman. President R.S. 1698-1703. (See p. 201.) After Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Sir Robert Southwell, Pres.R.S. (1635-1702). Sir Robert Southwell, 1695
Diplomatist. Elected F.R.S. 1663 ; President 1690-5. (See p. 201.) After Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Sir Henry Spelman (1561-1641).
Historian and Antiquarian. Buried by express direction of Charles 1 in Westminster Abbey.
By P. Moreelse.
•j.,o RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
l'r<'fte)ifcd by William Spottiswoode, Pres.R.S. (1825-83). Subscribers, 1885
Mathematician and PhysicUt. Fleeted F.R.S. 18/>:> ; Treasurer 1870 : President
[.. L'O.-,.)
Bv tlu- lion. John Collier.
Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1819-1903). Subscribers, 1891
Mathematician and Ph\>icist. Discoverer in the theory of radiation. Elected F.R.S. | M.-.I ; Secretary L8&-72 : President 1885-90. (Seep. 205.)
By II. von I lerkoiner, K.A.
Johann Christoph Sturm (1635-1703). , Theodore Haak, F.R.S., 1683
Profr.-Mir of Matlieinatics at Altdorf 1669-1703. Author of works on the
physical -cieiice-.
Attributed to Ileyman Dullaert.
H.R.H. The Duke of Sussex, Pres.R.S. (1773-1843). The Duke of Sussex
Fleeted F.R.S. 1828; President 1830-8. (Seep. 203.) By Thomas Phillips, R.A.
Brook Taylor, LL.D., F.R.S (1685-1731). Sir W. Young, Bart., F.U.S.
Mathematician. His ' Methodus Incrementorum ' developed the method of finite ditference<. and contained 'Taylor's Theorem ', fundamental in analysis. Fleeted F.li.S. 1712; Secretary 1714. Contributed many papers to the • Philmophica] Transactions'.
Painter unknown.
Vincenzio Viviani, F.R.S. (1622-1703). Dr. Wilson, 1883
lMiysici>t and Mathematician. Pupil of Galileo and Torricelli. Constructed the first barometer under the latter's supervision. Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1G!H>. B\ 1'icro Dandini.
Richard Waller, F.R.S. R. Waller, Esq., F.R.S., 1711
Fleeted F.K.S. |r,H] ; Secretary 1687-1709; edited the < Philosophical Trans- ioni ' I C.D1 r>. Author of several pliysiological papers in the ' Transactions '. By T. Murray afti-r Sir Godfrey Kneller.
John Wallis, D.D., F.R.S. (1616-1703). Mr. Wallis, 1704
Mathematician, Scholar, Theologian. Suviliaii Professor of Geometry 1G49.
\:ithinetica Infuiitoniin ' contained tferms of the differential calculus.
one ..f the originators of the Royal Society, and contributed papers to the
Martians'. The Archive- H.S. contain numbers of bis letters on scientific
•uty
By (.iT.'u-d
LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OIL 251
/V, ,„',..' :,,
Sir William Watson, M.D., F.R.S. (1715-87 ). \ \\
Physician, Physicist, ami Naturalist. PuhlUhed botani.al. , medical papers, 1744-<>8. Elected F.R.S. 1741 ; Copley Mrd.-illi-t 17 i tributed sixty-one papers to the • Philn-ophiral Transactions'. By Lemuel Abbot.
Sir Charles Wheatstone, F.R.S. (1802-75). Sir C. Wheafctone, 1876
Physicist. Professor of Experimental Physics, King's ( olW<«, I^ndnn, 1834. Discoverer of the stereoscope and in the theory of vision ; crl.-l.r.itcd f.,r hi- discoveries in electrical science, including improvements in telegraph) . F.R.S. 1836.
By C. Martin.
John Wilkins, D.D., F.R.S (1614-72).
Distinguished in mechanical science and in philology. Warden of Wadliain College, Oxford, 1648-59 ; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, KJ.y.i : |JM,op of Chester 1668 ; active promoter of the meetings of philosophers which led to the formation of the Royal Society ; nominated by Charles II one of the first Council. Author of an ' Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical Language ' which was printed by the Society's order.
A copy after Mary Beale.
Sir Joseph Williamson, Pres.R.S. (1633-1701). Sir J. Williamson, 1684
Statesman and Diplomatist. Elected F.R.S. 1663; President 1677-80. (See p. 200.)
By Sir Godfrey Kneller.
William Hyde Wollaston, Pres.R.S. (1766-1828). Dr. Wollaston's family
Physiologist, Chemist, Mineralogist, and Physicist. Discovered the dark lines in the spectrum. Elected F.R.S. 1793; Secretary 1804; President 1820. (Seep. 203.)
By J. Jackson, R.A.
Sir Christopher Wren, Pres.R.S. (1632-1723). S. Wren, Esq.
Architect and Man of Science. President 1680-82. (See p. 200.) Attributed to Michael Wright.
Thomas Young, M.D., F.R.S. (1773-1829). Hudson Gurney, Esq., 1842
Mathematician, Physician, Physicist, and Egyptologist. Eminent over the whole range of natural philosophy ; established the wave theory of light ; pioneer in the theory of vision. Prof, of Nat. Phil, at Roy. Inst. 1801-3. Physician to St. George's Hospital 1811-29. Secretary of Board of Longitude 1818. Elected F.R.S. 1794 ; For. Sec. 1804-29.
By H. P. Briggs, R.A., after Sir T. Lawrence.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
OTHER PAINTINGS
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Sub: |
Description. |
Painter, Engraver, or Sculptor. |
Donor. |
Date of gift. |
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1. Representing a Deputa- tion from the- Council |
Oil painting |
E. Armitage, R.A. |
J. P. Gassiot, Esq., F.R.S. |
1873 |
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of the Koyal Society |
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-tinir of tin- Pre- |
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• (Lord Wrottes- |
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U-y), .Mr. Grove, and |
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M'r. Gassiot to Mr. |
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iay to urge him |
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to accept tin- Presi- |
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dentship, May, lS/,7 ;iior House, Wools- |
Ditto |
>>f |
Rev. C. Turner, |
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tliorpe, the birthplace |
F.R.S. |
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of Sir Isaac Newton |
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tto, from another |
Ditto |
Rev. C. Turner, |
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point of view J. VUbge Chureh, Wools- |
Ditto |
F.R.S. Rev. C. Tumor, |
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thorpe |
F.R.S. |
LIST OF MEDALLIONS, BUSTS, AND STATUETTES
IN TI IE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY
%* Where the entries after a name are incomplete, particulars are wanting.
|
Subject. |
Description. |
Painter, Engraver, or Sculptor. |
Donor. |
Date of gift. |
|
Hanks, Sir Joseph, |
Marble bust . . |
Sir F. Chantrey, |
Sir F. Chantrey, |
1819 |
|
Hart., Pres.K.S. |
R.A. |
R.A. |
||
|
Brodie, Sir Benjamin |
Plaster bust . . |
Original model of |
Sir B. C. Brodie, |
1867 |
|
C., Hart., IVs.K.S. |
the bust by |
Bart. |
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|
W. Behnes |
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|
Burney, Dr., F.R.S. .. |
Plaster bust . . |
|||
|
Charles II. King, Foun- |
Marble bust . . |
J. Nollekens |
Ordered by the |
1779 |
|
der and Patron |
Council R.S. |
|||
|
Cuvier, Georges |
Bronze bust . . |
P. J. David, Esq. |
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|
Darwin. Charles, F.R.S. |
Bronze medal- |
Allan Wyon |
||
|
lion |
||||
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Da rwin, Charles, F.K.S. |
Plaster medal- |
Sir E. Boehm |
Sir John Evans . . |
1905 |
|
lion |
||||
|
Darwin. nm.s. |
Medallion, in |
J. Evans, Esq., |
||
|
1 .U.S. |
Wedgwood |
Treas.R.S. |
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|
( |
Wax medallion |
J. Tayler |
||
|
Davy, Sir Humphry, |
Bust in plaster, as restored by |
Purchased by the Council R.S. |
1899 |
|
|
( |
Miss Levick |
|||
|
•rge, |
Marble bust . . |
— Garland |
A.W.Dolland,Esq. |
1894 |
|
P.H |
||||
|
IMIond.Jolm. 1 |
Marble bust .. |
— Garland |
G. Dolland, Esq. |
1843 |
|
Donkin. Bryan. 1 Knlcr. Leonard |
Bust in plaster Plaster medal- |
•• |
F.R.S. Bryan Donkin, Esq. |
1895 |
|
lion |
LIST OF MEDALLIONS, El <
|
Subject. |
Description. |
Painter, Engraver, or Sculpt |
Donor. |
Date of gift |
|
Evans, John, Treas. R.S. |
Bronze medal- lion |
•• |
Folm Kv.-uis. Ksi|. |
IfM |
|
Fairbairn, Sir William, F.R.S. |
Marble bust . . |
P. Park |
T. Fail-burn. Esq. |
IH,,_> |
|
Falconer, Hugh, F. R.S. |
Marble bust . . |
T. Butler |
A Memorial Com- |
ISM, |
|
•MM |
||||
|
( |
Marble bust . . |
M. Noble |
H. Bence Jones, |
1873 |
|
Faraday, Michael, J |
Esq., l-.K.S. |
|||
|
F.R.S. |
Plaster bast . . |
J. H. Foley, R.A. |
Purchased by the Council U.S. |
UM |
|
Folkes, Martin, Pres. |
Plaster bust . . |
Karl Stanhope . . |
1871 |
|
|
R.S. |
||||
|
Forbes, Edward,F.R.S. Franklin, Benjamin, |
Plaster bust . . Plaster bust . . |
J. G. Lough |
Miss Lough-Bishop Earl Stanhope . . |
ian 1071 |
|
F.R.S. |
||||
|
George III, King, Patron |
Marble bust . . |
J. Nollekens |
Ordered by the Council U.S. |
|
|
Gilbert Davies, Pres. |
Marble bust . . |
R. Westmacott, |
The Baroness Basset |
1844 |
|
R.S. |
R.A. |
|||
|
Herschel, Sir William, |
Medallion por- |
J. Wedgwood, after |
Sir J. D. Hooker, |
1901 |
|
F.R.S. |
trait |
J. Flaxman |
K.C.I.E., 1 |
|
|
Hey, William, F.R.S. |
Plaster bust . . |
^Chantrey executed |
Rev. J. B. Reade, |
1864 |
|
a marble bust |
F.R.S. |
|||
|
from this plaster) |
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|
Hood, Thomas |
Plaster bust . . |
E. Davis |
E. Davis, Esq. . . |
LM1 |
|
Hooker, Sir Joseph D., |
Medallion por- |
F. Bowcher |
Sir J. Evans, F.R.S. |
1900 |
|
F.R.S. |
trait in bronze |
|||
|
Hooker, Sir William, |
Medallion por- |
J. Wedgwood . . |
Sir J. D. Hooker, |
1899 |
|
F.R.S. |
trait |
K.C.I.E., F.R.S. |
||
|
Horsley, Bishop, Sec. |
Miniature |
W. S. Lethbridge |
Purchased by the |
1893 |
|
R.S. |
Council R.S. |
|||
|
Humboldt, F. H. Alex- |
Bronze statuette |
|||
|
ander von, For. Mem. |
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|
R.S. |
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|
Huxley, Prof. Thomas |
Medallion por- |
F. Bowcher |
Sir J.Evans, F.R.S. |
1900 |
|
Henry, Pres. R.S. |
trait in bronze |
|||
|
Joule, James Prescott, |
Plaster bust . . |
B. A. Joule, Esq. . . |
1893 |
|
|
F.R.S. |
||||
|
Kelvin, Lord, F.R.S... |
Medallion in en- |
W.H.Nichols, Pres. |
1905 |
|
|
graved glass |
Soc.Chem.Industr. |
|||
|
Laplace, Pierre Simon |
Plaster bust . . |
|||
|
de, For. Mem. R.S. |
~ |
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|
Lyell, Sir Charles, |
Marble bust . . |
W. Theed, after |
Leonard Lyell, Esq. |
1878 |
|
F.R.S. |
J. Gibson, R.A. |
|||
|
Mond, Dr. Ludwig, |
Medallion por- |
Sir A. Geikie, |
1912 |
|
|
F.R.S. |
trait in silver |
President |
||
|
Newton, Sir Isaac, J Pres. R.S. 1 |
Marble bust . . Plaster statuette Plaster statuette |
L. F. Roubiliac . . W. Theed H. J. Jones, after |
J. Winter,' Esq. . . |
;i>.vi 1858 |
|
L. F. Roubiliac's |
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statue at Trinity |
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|
College, Cam- |
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|
bridge |
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|
Oersted, Jens Christian, |
Plaster bust . . |
Bissen, of Copen- |
Miss Harmer |
1864 |
|
For. Mem. R.S. ( |
Wax relief .. |
hagen - Hagbolt |
Sir J. D. Hooker, |
1890 |
|
Rennell, James Major, I |
F.R.S. |
|||
|
F.R.S. |
Porcelain medal- |
|||
|
( |
lion |
|||
|
Richardson, John, M.D. |
Medallion por- |
Sir J. D. Hooker, |
— |
|
|
trait in plaster |
K.C.I.E., F.R.S. |
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Subject. |
Description. |
Painter, Engraver, or Sculptor. |
Donor. |
Date of gift. |
|
Ronalds, Sir Francis, |
Plaster bust . . |
E. Davis |
S. Carter, Esq. . . |
1871 |
|
pt. James |
Medallion por- |
Sir J. D. Hooker, |
|
|
|
trait in plaster |
K.C.I.E., F.R.S. |
|||
|
Sabinc. Cnicral Sir |
Marble bust |
J. Durham |
J. P. Gassiot, Esq., |
1860 |
|
K.lward, Pres.R.S. |
F.R.S. |
|||
|
SI...IIH-, Sir Hans, 1'res. |
Miniature |
J. Fellows |
Purchased |
1895 |
|
Smith, Adam, F.R.S. |
Medallion por- |
J. Wedgwood, after |
R. H. Inglis Pal- |
1901 |
|
trait |
J. Tassie |
grave, Esq., F.R.S. |
||
|
Smith, Henry John |
Marble bust . . |
J. E. Boehm, R.A. |
A Committee of |
1885 |
|
Stephen, F.R.S. |
(a Replica) |
Subscribers |
||
|
Soim-niHe, Mrs. |
Marble bust . . |
Sir F. Chantrey, |
H.R.H.theDukeof |
1842 |
|
R.A. |
Sussex and other |
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|
subscribers |
||||
|
Spottiswoode, William, |
Bust in marble |
T. Woolner, R.A. |
W. H. Spottis- |
1894 |
|
1'res.R.S. |
woode, Esq., and |
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|
C. Spottiswoode, |
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Esq. |
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Watt, James, F.R.S. |
Marble bust . . |
J. Hofferman, after |
— Watt, Esq. |
1843 |
|
Sir F. Chantrey, |
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|
R.A. |
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|
Whitehurst, John, |
Miniature, |
W. H. Craft |
A. R. Binnie, Esq. |
1897 |
|
F.K.S. |
enamelled on |
|||
|
copper |
In addition to the paintings and sculptures, the Royal Society possesses a large collection of engraved portraits arranged in portfolios ; and a number of photographs of Fellows.
MEDALS1
Aberdeen. Marischal College.
A-tronomy. -eated, holds a celestial sphere. Rev. Inscription, PH/KMII .M .MATHK.MATI-
' I'M i.HAVAM'M. lM>. M.
Aldrovandi, UhVc.
Medal struck in commemoration of the tercentenary of Aldrovandi of Bologna. Bast Of Aldrovmodi. AVr. Inscription and date 1007. 2-00. M.
Ampere, Aiidn' Marie, I'W.Mem.R.S.
HiM of Amp. re. HIT. Inscription spaced on the field. '2-0. x..
1 A full d«-M-rij,ti(.n of each medal was given in the first and second editions of this i'd'. to wliicli rcf.-n-nce may he made by numismatists. Since these editions ;i|. [.eared the collect ion ha- heen increa-ed hy some fifty additional medals. The sizes of the MedaK de-crihed in thi^ Catalogue are given in inches and decimals.
.MKDAI.S 255
Amsterdam. Koninklijkc Akadrmir \.m \\', t<-nsrlia|>j>cn.
Medal founded by M. Hoeufft, 1837, a gold example of wlm-h i« awarded annually for a Latin poem. Poetry, holding in one hand a lyre. \v itl. the utbrr place* a laurel wreath upon tbe bead of a poet wbo holds a scroll on which is inM-rilx-d I-OKTK A. lire. Within a laurel wreath, .\« AIM. MI \ un.iv \n-> MM IN \itvn HB
Baglivi, Giorgio, F.R.S.
Bust of Baglivi. AVr. A tripod encircled by a snake, between a mortar, retort and other implements of medicine. 1-65. x,.
Baly, William, F.R.S.
Bust of Baly. Rev. Representation of tbe facade of tbe Royal College of l*b yniciaiis. 2-28. M.
Barker, Robert, F.R.S.
Head of Barker. Rev. Within an ornamental border, the head of Sain- ahovp. with adjacent drapery, and that of ^Esculapius below, with attributes. 2-15. M.
Barthelemy, Jean Jacques, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Barthelemy. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. l'fii> /»•:.
Batavia. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
Medal struck in celebration of tbe centenary of the Society, 177&-1878. Inscription within a wreath of tropical flowers. Rev. A cocoa-nut tree (Cocoa nm-ifi-m. Linn.) with outlines of Java mountains behind. 2-89. x.
Becquerel, Antoine Cesar, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Becquerel. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 2'Q. A:.
Beneden, Pierre J. van, For.Mem.R.S.
Arms of the University of Lou vain with crest and supporters. AVr. liiM-ription to Van Beneden spaced on the field. 1-98. M.
Head of Van Benedeu. Rev. Above, branches of laurel and
palm intertwined with scroll inscribed PAI^KONTOLOGIA . ANATOMIA . ZOOIXXHA am tion below. 2-18. M.
Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Berthollet. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field within wreath of oak leaves. 2-0. JE.
Berzelius, Jons Jakob, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Berzelius. Rev. Fame flying towards Night, who is seated, her iH't arm rests 011 a sphinx, and near are emblems of the sciences. 2-22. M.
Bichat, Xavier. See Paris, Societc Medicale d'6mulation. Bigsby, John Jeremiah, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society. Black, Joseph. See Glasgow, University.
UKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Brahe, Tvcho.
.-•ahe: round the neck a chain, to which a medallion portrait is attached. for. In-script-. -MI the field. MU. .¥..
Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins. F.K.S.
A :« ::.;•.!«• ::_'iire |x?rsonityin- -
Brun . - bttd, F.K>.
Hrad of Brunei. I Mtion of the Thames Tunnel. 1-70. Me
Brus> ..U-mie Hoyale ile- • ,t Belles- Let -
Medal celebrating the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Academy by the
ML, /ter. Inscription spacer! on the
;,Mi:lon. Hoya1. -
Burton. George- Loui> Let-lerc, Comt
tfon. AVr. Inseripti< "n the field within wreath of
Another without wreath. M?0. JE.
Canni: U.S.
uth scroll bearing legend.
51 .ni-lrto. l'or.M<;m.l\.>.
Bust of Canni zzanv Rtr. An olive branch partly encircling the field o an .onunenuv
Cassi . IXiminuj
Bwt of OLssini. R< on field. 1-60. &
Challenger Metl.il.
Bust of Athena . . and behind, the terr, o. In the field a dolphin.
and Neptune with trident
bins« usjreMi 1873-76. ft»c. T the ' C ha
Expedition represented by a Knight in armour, who throws down bis gauntlet to th«« sea -87- *.
Thfe medal wa- to commemorate the work connected with the • C'halit
Expedition. It WT»* presented by IV. John Murray. K.K.S.. to the iwa'. members of the civilian stadf of the Expoiiition. to contributor* ot -. :\nd to
other persons who took part in the promotion of the Kxpodition. or the :•
;>tal, Jean At . iiantelotip. Vor.Mem.R .-
Bwt of Chaptal. AW. Inscription spaced on field.
Cbatorfield. Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of. F K - of the Earl. Ifrr. Within an ornamer
U.S.
1907
MEDALS 257
Chevreul, Michel Eugene, For.Mem.R.S. Centenary Medal.
Bust of Chevreul (O. Roty). Rev. A young girl offers Chevreul, who b Heated, pea in hand, a laurel wreath. Inscription, LA JBUNBMB PRANCAISE AV DOVRN DB KTUDUKTV. 270. ^.
Christiana. K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.
Inscription within a laurel wreath. Rev. Mercury seated, wearing Phrygian cap, offers drink to a lion out of a patera. 1-67. GILT.
K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.
Medal founded 1872, on the occasion of the celebration of the union of Norway as one Kingdom one thousand years prior. A female figure representing Norway. Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath. 2-08. &.
K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.
Medal founded 1873, on the occasion of the crowning of King Oscar II. Busts conjoined of Oscar II of Sweden and Norway, and Sophia his Queen, both crowned. Rev. Clio, seated, holding a scroll and pen. 1-68. JR.
K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.
Busts conjoined of Charles XV of Sweden and Norway, and Louisa his Queen, both crowned. Rev. The goddess Athena reading a scroll. 1*68. «,.
Clarke, Rev. William Branwhite, F.R.S. See Sydney, Royal Society of New South Wales.
Combe, Taylor, F.R.S.
Head of Combe. Rev. Within a laurel wreath an inscription. 1*78. A. Combe was Secretary of the Royal Society 1812-24.
Conduit, John, F.R.S.
Bust of Conduit. Rev. Truth introduces Conduit to Hampden and to Newton. 2-26. j&.
Conduit succeeded Sir Isaac Newton, who was his uncle by marriage, as Master of the Mint.
Cook, James, F.R.S.
Bust of Capt. Cook. Rev. A female clad in draperies, representing Navigation, holding a rudder. 1-7. JB.
Memorial medal to Capt. Cook, instituted by the Royal Society in 1780, assisted by the voluntary subscriptions of the Fellows. The medal, designed by Lewis Pingo, was struck in gold, silver, and bronze.
Copenhagen. Universitet.
Medal struck in celebration of the 400th anniversary. Busts conjoined of Christian I (founder) and Christian IX. Rev. Denmark, seated, clasps the extended hand of the goddess Athena. 1«86. M.
Copernicus, Nicholas.
Bust of Copernicus. .Ret?. Inscription spaced on the face. M.DCCC.XVHI. 1*6. *•
Copley Medal. See London, Royal Society.
S
258 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Cuvier, Georges, Baron, For.Mem.R.S.
H»-;id of Cuvier. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves.
C/m/or. Gergely, and Janos Fogarasi.
t onjoined. Rev. Inscription. MIXCCLXXIV. 1-68. GILT.
: Mi-da I was struck in commemoration of the completion of their great dictionary of the Hungarian language.
Dalton, John, F.R.S. See Manchester. Literary and Philosophical Society.
Darwin, Charles Robert, F.R.S.
Mcdallic Portrait. Cast. Bust of Darwin, CHARLES DARWIN 1881. Rev. plain. 4-5. JE.
Dam-in Modal. See London, Royal Society. l)a\\ Medal. See London, Royal Society.
Descartes, Rene.
Bust of Descartes. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 1819. 1-6. JE.
Doncaster. Horticultural Society.
Bust of Linnaeus. 1835. Rev. Within a wreath of flowers, the arms and crest of Doncaster. 2*1. JE.
Donders, Franz Cornelis, For.Mem.R.S.
Struck in honour of his Jubilee, celebrated at Utrecht in 1888. Head of Douders. Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath. 2-6. JE.
Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Dumas. Rev. Inscription spaced on field. 240. JE.
Edinburgh. Royal Society.
The Keith Prize Medal. Bust of John Napier of Merchiston (the inventor of logarithms). Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath. 1«75. JE.
Edward VII, King. Patron, 1901.
Mnlal commemorative of the coronation of King Edward VII, 1902. 2-0. JE.
Evans, John, F.R.S. See London, Numismatic Society. Fogarasi, J. See Czuczor and Fogarasi.
Folkcs, Martin, P.R.S.
lin>-t of Koikes. Rev. Within an ornamental compartment, SOCIETATIS RK<;ALIS
MM -..LAI i- . M.IM ( .XL. 245. A-:. Koikes was President of the Royal Society for eleven years, having been elected
in 1711.
Fontencllc, Bernard lc Houycr de, F.R.S.
Hu-t of Kontrwlle. I'cr. Inscription spaced on field. 1-60. JE.
MEDALS
Fordyce, George, F.R.S., and John Hunter, F.R.S.
Heads of Fordyce and Hunter, jugate. Rev. A serpent erect carting it* slough. 1*7. -H.
Franklin, Benjamin, F.R.S.
Bust of Franklin. Rev. plain. 1-40. M.
Bust of Franklin, and inscription PRINTER . FHiUMoran .
SCIENTIST . STATESMAN . DIPLOMATIST. Rev. History, laureate, recordH Franklin'* achieve- ments on a panel ; before her, figures personifying Literature, Science, Philosophy.
Struck by the Congress of the United States to commemorate the 200th anniverwry (1906) of the birth of Franklin. 4-0. «..
Freind, John, F.R.S.
Bust of Freind. Rev. An ancient and a modern physician meeting and grasping right hands. 2-26. JE.
Galilei, Galileo.
Bust of Galileo. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 1-C. x. Gauss, Carl Friedrich, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Gauss. Rev. Inscription within an ivy wreath and another around. 2*75. *u
Another copy. 2-75. JE. Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Gay-Lussac. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves. 2.0. JE.
George V, King. Patron.
Medal commemorative of the coronation of King George V, 1911. 2-0. s~
Glasgow. University.
Bust of Joseph Black. Rev. Inscription spaced on field. 2*76. JE. A medical class medal of the University of Glasgow, where the great chemist was a professor.
Gray, John Edward, F.R.S., and Maria E. Gray.
Busts conjoined of Gray and Mrs. Gray. Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath (two copies). 2-26. JE.
Haidinger, Wilhelm, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Haidinger. Rev. In relief, the Eastern hemisphere, around which are the signs of the zodiac. MDCCCVI. 2'52. JE.
Halley, Edmund, F.R.S.
Bust of Halley. Rev. Within an ornamental border, ASTRONOMUS REGIS UAOHM
BRITANNIyE. MDCCXLIV. 2'15. JE.
Halley was Secretary of the Royal Society, 1713-21.
Hamilton, Sir William, F.R.S.
Bust of Hamilton. Rev. The representation of a Greek vase in relief. Cast. 4«25. M.
Hansteen, Christopher, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Hansteen. Rev. Inscription within a wreath of oak and olive, and another around. 1-5. JE.
s2
260 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Heidelberg. Tnivcrsitat.
Medal iu celebration of the 500th anniversary of the University. Bust of Frederick
of Baden, Protector of the University. Rev. The Genius of Heidelberg : oval panels,
bearing the bust of the Elector Rupert, founder of the University, 1356 ; and that of the
• r ( harle< Frederick, who reconstituted the same in 1803. In the distance, in low
relief, the Castle of Heidelberg. MDCCCLXXXVI. 2-9. x.
Hermite, Charles, For.Mem.R.S.
Hu>t of Hermite. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field, partly encircled by a myrtle branch, the stem tied with ribbon. 24 . DECEMBRE . 1892.— SOUSCRIPTION INTER- NATION .U.K. 2..T8 x 1-75. JB.
Him, Gustav Adolph.
Medal, rectangular, struck in 1890, as a tribute of admiration for M. Him and his labours. Bust of Hirn. Rev. Science, seated, watches the flames of a fire burning upon an antique and raised altar, symbolical of thermodynamics. A balance recalls the applications of M. Hirn's researches 011 vapour. Behind rise branches of laurel, among which the inscription SCIENTIA. 2-42 x 1-8. JR.
M. Him died Jan. 14, 1890, just before the issue of this medal.
Howard, John, F.R.S. See London, Statistical Society. Hughes, David Edward, F.R.S. See London, Royal Society.
Hume, Joseph, F.R.S.
Bust of Hume. Rev. A wreath of oak leaves with inscription below. 1-52. JE.
Hunter, John, F.R.S. See Fordyce, George.
Bust of Hunter. Rev. Within a laurel wreath, the armorial bearings of Yorkshire College, Leeds, with inscription below. 2-2. x.
Hunter, William, F.R.S.
Bust of Hunter. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 2-76. M.
Huxley, Thomas Henry, F.R.S. See London, Royal College of Science.
International Association of Academies.
Kectangular medal struck by the French Government to commemorate the first meet in- ,,f the International Association of Academies, at Paris, 1901, M. le Prof. J. G. I >.irhoux pre-icliiiir. /,Vr. The Genius of Science, laureate, addresses a band of female students seated before her. 3-10 x 2-25. ,K.
J. C., For.Mem.R.S., and J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S.
Miemorative medal. Heads of Janssen and Lockyer, jugate. Rev. Apollo driving Ins i- I iariot through the heavens. Inscribed around, ANALYSE DBS PROTUBERANCES
80LA1RE8 . 18 AOOT 1868. 2-75. M.
tea, HrriKtnl de, For.Mem.R.S.
Hrr. Inscription spaced on field. 1-60. x. Keith Medal. See Edinburgh, Royal Society.
MEDALS 261
Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson).
Medallic Portrait in bas-relief. Cast. Bust of Lord Kelvin. 4} in. M. Koerner, Wilhelm.
BustofKoerner. Struck (1910) in commemoration of his 70th anniversary. 2-20. JB. Lawrence, Sir William, Bart, F.R.S.
Head of Lawrence. NAT : 1783 OB : 1867. Rev. Within an olive wreath, a bearing the arms of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, with inscription within a 1-52. JE.
Lee, John, F.R.S. See London, Numismatic Society.
Linnaeus, Carolus.
Bust of Linnaeus. Rev. Cybele standing, murally crowned, with lion crouching by her side. 2-1. M.
Lord Lister (Sir Joseph Lister).
Medallic Portrait in bas-relief. Cast. Bust of Lord Lister. 4$ in. JR.
Locke, John, F.R.S.
Bust of Locke. Rev. Justice and Liberty seated side by side on a sarcophagus, at their feet a winged infant with open book and playthings. 1-65. JE.
Bust of Locke. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 24. JB.
Lockyer, J. Norman, F.R.S. See Janssen, Pierre J. C.
London. Medal struck to commemorate the visit of H.M. Queen Victoria to the Corporation of London, Nov. 9, 1837.
Bust of Queen Victoria. Rev. A representation of the frontage of the Guildhall, with the Royal Standard floating above. 2-16. M.
British Association. See Montreal, McGill University.
City and Guilds of London Institute. Siemens Medal. Head of Siemens. Rev. Inscription within an ivy wreath. 2«02. JR.
Geological Society.
Bigsby Medal. Head of Bigsby. Rev. In the centre, a representation of a species of echinoderm with inscription around. Beyond, within a border, AWARDED BY THE
GEOJX)GICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR WORK OF GREAT MERIT. 1'78. JR.
A gold example of this medal is awarded biennially by the Geological Society. The Royal Society possesses another specimen of nearly similar design but larger type ; it was struck in bronze, and subsequently discarded for the smaller size in gold.
Geological Society.
Bigsby Medal. See note above. 2-52. JE.
Geological Society.
Prestwich Medal. Bust of Prestwich. Rev. A representation of a species of arachnid. Struck in gold and awarded triennially. 2«25. JR.
262 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Ix>ndon. Geological Society.
U'ollaston Medal. Bust of Wollaston. Rev. Within branches of palm and laurel,
THK <JKOIXK;K'AL SOCIKTY OF LONDON.
Tlie example is that awarded to Dr. Hugh Falconer, F.R.S. P-75. jv.
King's College.
Siemens Medal. Head of Siemens. Rev. The arms, crest, and supporters of King's College, London. 1-7. x.
King's College.
Todd Medal. Bust of Todd. Rev. The arms, crest, and supporters of King's College, London. 3-0. JR.
Numismatic Society.
Bust of John Lee, F.R.S. (first President). Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 1-75. JE.
Numismatic Society.
Jubilee Medal, 1887. Bust of John Evans, F.R.S. Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath, and around. 2-2G. JR. (Another copy in bronze.)
Royal Astronomical Society.
Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. Bust of Newton. Rev. Herschel's telescope. 1«9. JR.
This medal was ordered to be struck when the Society received its Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1831, it replacing an earlier type. The first impression was issued in 1834. It is struck in gold, and awarded annually or otherwise, as the Council determines.
Royal College of Science.
Bust of Huxley. Rev. A draped female representing the Progress of Science. Behind an altar and a tree ; in the background the facade of the Royal College of Science. - 2-5. JR.
Memorial medal awarded by the Royal College of Science.
The Society also possesses a silvered electrotype of the obverse, and a cast in bronze, replicas of the original model.
Royal Exchange.
Medal struck to commemorate the laying of the first stone of the Royal Exchange. Bust of Queen Victoria [Patron]. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. (17 JANUARY 1842). 1-78. M.
Royal Society.
Murhaiian Medal. Head of Sir George Buchanan, F.R.S. Rev. Hygeia, daughter of Aesculapius, and goddess of health, attended by a maiden. Behind, a flying figure carrying a scythe representing the angel of death. Below, the prone figure of a man. ~1- 1 J. *:. (For an account of this medal see pp. 175, 216.)
r MEDALS _.,„•(
mdon. Royal Society.
Copley Medal. Athena, seated amidst emblems of her own attribute*, and of the arts and sciences, holds out in the right hand a wreath ; in ).<-r left arm is the Bphenan Artemis ; on her breast the head of Medusa ; near her the armorial nhield of Sir Godfrey Copley, F.R.S. Rev. The armorial shield of the Royal Society, with crert and supporters. 1-7. JK.
On the obverse of this specimen is inscribed, in the exergue, CAROLO LTKLL HU : 1858. (For an account of this medal see pp. 174, 210.)
Royal Society. Copley Medal. Another copy, but without exergual inscription. 1«7. m.
Royal Society.
Darwin Medal. Bust of Darwin. Rev. Within a wreath, composed of the leaves and flowers of plants identified with Darwin's researches, the inscription CABOLVS DARWIN between the dates MDCCCIX and MDCCCLXXXII. 2-25. JR. (For an account of this medal see pp. 177, 215.)
Royal Society.
Davy Medal. Bust of Sir Humphry Davy, F.R.S. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 2-98. M. (For an account of the Davy Medal see pp. 177, 215.)
Royal Society.
Davy Medal. Another copy, inscribed ROBERT WILHELM BUNSEN : OUSTAV ROBERT KIRCHHOFF. Dated 1877. 2-98. M.
Royal Society.
Hughes Medal. Head of David Edward Hughes, F.R.S. Rev. An eagle flying through space. 2'25. JE. (For an account of this medal see pp. 181, 216.)
Royal Society.
Royal Medal. Bust of Queen Victoria. VICTORIA REGINA soc : REG : LOND : PATRONA . MDCCCXXXVIII. Rev. A representation of the statue of Sir Isaac Newton, by Roubiliac, in the Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, with on either side devices illustrative of Newton's discoveries. 2«86. JE.
(For an account of these medals see pp. 186, 193, 213.)
Royal Society.
Rumford Medal. A tripod, surmounted by a flame, with inscription around, NOSCERE QUM vis ET CAUSSA. Rev. Inscription within an ornamental border of leaves. 3-4. jft. (For an account of this medal see pp. 183, 212.)
This type was discontinued by order of the Council, Jan. 15, 1863, and on the recommendation of the Master of the Mint. See description below of medal now awarded.
Royal Society.
Rumford Medal. Head of Rumford. Rev. Inscription within a wreath of oak and laurel leaves bound with ribbons. 3»4. M.
Royal Society. Rumford Medal. Another copy. 3-4. M.
264 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
London. Royal Society.
Sylv.-ti-r Medal. Bust of Sylvester. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, tied below with rihlxm. 3-0. x. (For an account of this medal see pp. 185, 216.)
St. Thomas's Hospital.
Solly Medal. Head of Solly. Rev. Inscription around, and inside on the field.
Statistical Society.
Howard Medal. Bust of Howard. Rev. A sheaf of corn, erect, with inscription around, and within a border. 3-0. /E.
Malpighi, Marcello, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Malpighi. Rev. Within a wreath of oak and laurel, tied below with ribbon,
IT FAMA I'KK OHHKM . 1-86. JE.
Commemorative medal struck in 1897 in connexion with the Malpighi Festival at Crevalcore, Italy, the birthplace of the distinguished seventeenth-century naturalist, Marcello Malpighi. The bust is modelled from a medallic portrait executed by Ferdinand of St. Urbinoin 1691.
Manchester. Literary and Philosophical Society.
Dalton Medal, founded in 1864. Head of John Dalton. Rev. Within a laurel wreath a sphinx, upon a base and below are three circles, arranged triangle-wise. 2-3. x.
Literary and Philosophical Society.
Wilde Medal, founded in 1895, by Henry Wilde, F.R.S. Bust of Athena, with attributes. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, spaced on the field. 2-0. JK.
Maryborough, Charles Spencer, Duke of, F.R.S.
Bust of the Duke. Rev. Inscription, DUX DE MARLBOROUGH. .M.DCC.XJJI.
.MI;. M.
Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Marti us. Rev. Inscription within a border, spaced on the face. 1-9. M.
Milne-Edwards, Henri, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Milne- Edwards. Ren. Inscription spaced on the field. 2'65. JE.
Modena. Societii Italiana delle Scienze.
Medal in celel. ration of the centenary of the Society. An eagle upon her nest, with i ded, the rayed sun above. Rev. Inscription within a circle. 2-22. M.
Moivrc, Abraham dt>, F.R.S.
BUM ot De Mni\ IT. HIT. Inscription within an ornamental border. 2-15. JR.
Montreal. McGill University.
Head of Sir UIH. Newton. Rev. Above, the arms, crest, and motto of the Molson family. In-rription within an olive wreath, and around. 1«78. JE.
MEDALS •_><;;,
Montreal. McGill University.
Head of Watt. itev. A wreath of maple and rose leaves, with thistle, and roaea. Inscribed around, IN MEMORY OF THK MKKTIN« OK THK HRITIKH AMOCIATION AT MONTHRAI. 1884. 1-78. JK.
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Muratori. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, MI \ MI. 2*16. M.
Newton, Sir Isaac, P.R.S.
Bust of Newton. Rev. Science, witli wings on her head, seated, leans upon a table, and holds a diagram of the solar system. M.DCC.XXVI. L'-«I i. u.
Bust of Newton. Rev. A representation of Newton's monu- ment in Westminster Abbey ; on the base, NAT . 1642 . M . 1726. 1-68. JR.
Bust of Newton. Rev. A wreath of flowers enclosing an
inscription. 1-32.
Bust of Newton. Rev. A device of a caduceus, with cornu-
copiae and laurel branch. Inscription, HALFPENNY. 1793. 1-12.
Another copy. Same as preceding, but smaller, and rev. without caduceus ; the inscription, FARTHING. 1793. 0-88. M.
1-63. M.
Bust of Newton. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field.
Nordenskiold, Adolphus Ericus, Baron.
Bust of Nordenskiold. Rev. The Genius of Science, laureate, holding aloft a lamp illuminating the north polar region of a globe beneath.
This medal was struck by the Socie'te' des Sciences de Finlande in honour of Baron Nordenskiold. 2-21. JK.
Papin, Denis, F.R.S.
Bust of Papin. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves. 2-0. JK.
Paris. Societe d'Encouragement pour Tlndustrie Nationale.
Head of Lavoisier. Rev. Inscription in centre, spaced on the field and encircled by a laurel wreath. 2-0. M.
The example was awarded to Walter Weldon, F.R.S., in 1877.
Societe Medicale d'Emulation de Paris.
Head of Bichat. Rev. The upright staff- of Aesculapius with entwined serpent M.DCCC.VII. Medalet. M.
Parkes, Edmund Alexander, F.R.S.
Head of Parkes, B . 1819— n . 1876. Rev. Within a laurel wreath, I-AKK^
MEJiORIAL MEDAL. 2-2. JR.
Philadelphia. Numismatic and Antiquarian Society.
Medal struck to commemorate the 21st anniversary of the foundation of the Society. Bust of Eli K. Price. Rev. The arms, crest, and motto of the Society and inscription within a border. 1-66. JK.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Piv>l, Johann Svatopluk, and Karl Bofivoj Presl.
Bust-. ophite each other, of K. B. Presl and J. S. Presl. Rev. A branching tree with inscription around. ;M. .-H.
Pri-twich, Joseph, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society.
Princeton. University.
.Medal struck in celebration of the 150th anniversary of the university. Oltv. The facade of the university in low relief, and conventional treatment; trees in the foreground. Below, AVI,A NASSOVH-A .MDCCCXCVI. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 3-0. JR.
Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath.
Bust of I'ulteney. Her. Within a wreath of oak, COMES I>E BATH . MDCCXIJV.
Johann E., For.Mem.R.S.
Bust. Rev. Dedicatory inscription to Purkyne, 1868. 1«74. JE.
Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Quetelet. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field, MDCCCLX. 1*75. JR.
Rotterdam. Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte. Medal struck in celebration of the Batavian Society's centenary, 1769-1869. 1-50. JR.
Rumford Medal. See London, Royal Society.
San Francisco. Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
( nniet Medal, founded in 1890. Across field a comet, in relief, and scattered stars. Rer. Inscription spaced on the field. 2-37. M.
Konigl. Ungarische Berg- und Forst-Akademie.
Medal iii celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Academy, 1770-1870. Bust of Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary. Rev. Knowledge, laureate, seated, holding lamp and hook : mountains and town in distance. The arms of Schemnitz. 2-74. M.
Siemens, Sir Charles William, F.R.S. See London, City and Guilds Institute, and King's College.
Sloam-, Sir Hans, Bart., P.R.S.
Iiii-» of Sir Hans Sloane. Rcr. Inscription, PRASES SOCIETATIS REGIJB LONDINENSIS. •DOOXUr. iM.l. .«. Another copy. 2-15. JE.
, Sir John, F.R.S.
Bu-t of Suane. Rev. A representation of the elevation of the north-west angle of the Bank of Kiurland, with an inscription. 2»26. JR.
Solly, S.inuiel, I '.U.S. See London, St. Thomas's Hospital.
I'or.Mem.K.S. of sta~. //-•/. [nflcriptkm gpmced on tbe field. 2-02. At.
MEDALS 207
Stokes, Sir George Gabriel, Bart., F.R.S.
Bust of Stokes. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field , within a wreath of myrtle, tied below with ribbon.
Struck in commemoration of the jubilee of Sir G. G. Stokes M Lucaaian Protawr of Mathematics in the University of Cambridge. 2-5. M.
Stukeley, William, F.R.S.
Head of Stukeley, with wreath of oak leaves. Rev. Representation of Stonehengv. Cast. 3-32. j&.
Sydney. Royal Society of New South Wales.
Bust of Rev. William Branwhite Clarke, F.R.S. Rev. Within a wreath, competed of the palms and flowering plants of Australia, TOR RESEARCHES IN NATURAL HCIKNCK. 248. JR.
Bust. Rev. Within a wreath of oak leaves, a Latin inscription recording his tenure of a professorship in Johns Hopkins University for seven years from 1876 to 1 883. 2-52. JB.
Sylvester, James Joseph, F.R.S.
of
IIS
See London, Royal Society.
Thiersch, Friedrich von.
Bust of Thiersch, born June 14, 1784, died February 25, 1855. Rev. Inscription within an ornamental border. 1-89. JE.
Thomsen, Julius, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Thomsen (Professor of Chemistry in the University of Copenhagen), 1826-96. 2-28. M.
Tiedemann, Friedrich, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Tiedemann. Rev. A star-fish, with inscription. 1-76. JR.
Todd, Robert Bentley, F.R.S. See London, King's College.
Upsala. Universitet.
Medal struck in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the University. Head of Oscar II of Sweden and Norway. Rev. The Genius of Upsala, laureate, seated, holding aloft the lamp of knowledge. On the left of the figure emblems of the arts ; above, the pole star casts its rays. In the field a flying bat. Inscription, EX TKNKBRIS
PER UMBRAS AD LUCEM. 2-22. X.
Virchow, Rudolf, For.Mem.R.S.
Medallion cast in honour of Prof. Virchow on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Bust of Virchow. Rev. Anatomy seated, and Science winged. Cast. 7x7. A.
Voltaire, Marie Francois A. de, For.Mem.R.S.
Head of Voltaire. Rev. Inscription spaced on field, within wreath of oak leaves. 2-0. x.
Wales, Frederick, Prince of, F.R.S.
Bust of the Prince. Rev. Two genii, among clouds, supporting the Prince's coronet, with plumes and motto. 2-15. JE.
2<;s RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Watt, .luim-s KR.S.
Bu-t of Watt. 1736-1819. /tet>. Representation of a steam engine, with sun and plam-t motion, ami inscription below, STKAM KNGINK AS CONSTRUCTED BY JAMES WATT.
i.«»;.
_ Head of Watt. On truncation, A. j. STOTHARD. ; below, F. L. , 1 1 \ M it KY. u. A. i). /•'«•»•. Clio, in almost upright position, leaning against low pillar, on uliirh n-t< lu-r left hand, with scroll, bearing legend, TO GREAT MEN; in right hand a pen. '2-W. x.
— See also Montreal, McGill University.
Whitworth, Sir Joseph, Bart., F.R.S.
Bust of Whitworth. Rev. A representation of Whitworth's measuring machine. Inscription above. 2-2G. JK.
Wisconsin. University.
Medal (rectangular) struck in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the University. View, in low relief, of the University. Rev. A youth, bearing a torch. Legend, NVMEN I.VMKN. 245. x 1»85. x.
Wollaston, William Hyde, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society.
Wray, Daniel, F.R.S.
Bust of Wray. Rev. Inscription, NIL ACTVM REPVTANS CVM QVID SVPERESSET AGENDVM. 2-7. x.
Wren, Sir Christopher, P.R.S.
Bust of Wren. Rev. The West front of St. Paul's Cathedral. 3-92. M.
Wurtz, Charles Adolphe, For.Mem.R.S.
Bust of Wurtz. Rev. A winged figure holding a palm branch ; at foot, chemical apparatus. 2-74. M.
CHAPTER IX
THE COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCHI v^
FROM the beginning of its history the Royal Society has found it necessary to carry on its scientific work by means of Committees of its mrinhen. To each of these Committees some special branch of the work is entrusted and they report the result of their deliberations and inquiries to the President and Council, who consider their reports and where necessary decide on the course of action to be followed. Reference was made in Chapter I of this volume to some of the Committees that were organized in the early years of the Society's existence (see in particular pp. 35, 36). It may be of interest to put on record in this place some account of the various Committees which are now in opera- tion, as an indication of the wide range of scientific investigation and official duty which comes within the scope of the Society's activity and the manner in which its organization is dealt with.
Some of the Committees are entrusted with the supervision of matters which are continually in progress from year to year ; others are appointed for tem- porary purposes. There is thus a convenient subdivision of them into Standing and Occasional Committees. But in all cases they are only appointed for one year, being reappointed by each new Council, which decides whether to continue or change the composition of their membership. In some cases a Committee, at first appointed only for a temporary purpose, may by the continuance of the inquiries with which it was entrusted, be prolonged for an indefinite period.
SECTIONAL COMMITTEES.
These form an important group of the Standing Committees. They act as referees and advisers to the President and Council in the several departments of Natural Knowledge. To them are referred questions relating to the acceptance or publication of papers in the ' Transactions ' or * Proceedings \ to the selection of Croonian and Bakerian Lecturers, and to other matters in regard to which their opinions are of authority. They consist entirely of Fellows of the Society and are chosen with a view to secure, so far as is possible, a repre- sentation of each branch of science, and to obtain the assistance of Fellows who, from their connexion with other societies, or otherwise, are specially qualified to advise the Council in respect to particular subjects. They are at present six in number, and their titles and scope of subjects are as follows :
1. Mathematics Committee for Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Crystal-
•J7(> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
lography, and Mathematical Astronomy : consists of six members, of whom two retire each year, three forming a quorum.
Physic- and Chemistry Committee for Experimental Physics, Observa- tional Astronomy, Meteorology, Chemistry, and Metallurgy : consists of twelve ineinber>, of whom four retire each year, five being a quorum.
Geology Committee for Geology, Palaeontology, Mineralogy, and Geography : consists of nine members, of whom three retire each year, and four are a quorum.
4. Botany Committee for Botany : consists of nine members, of whom three retire each year, with four as a quorum.
5. Zoology Committee for Zoology and Comparative Anatomy : consists of nine members, of whom three retire each year, and four make a quorum.
6. Physiology Committee for Animal Physiology and Medical Subjects: consists of twelve members, of whom four retire annually, and five are a quorum.
Kach of these Committees is presided over by a Chairman who is each year appointed by the Council, and is the channel of communication between the Committee and the Council or Officers. The retirement of the members of the Committees is determined by seniority and takes place automatically on the 31st December of each year.
OTHER STANDING AND OCCASIONAL COMMITTEES.
Antarctic Meteorological Observations Committee. This Committee was appointed in connexion with the National Antarctic Expedition of 1900-1904 with the view of assisting the observers of that expedition in the preparation and publication of their results. It has been continued as the publication is still incomplete, but the whole will it is expected be issued this summer
Catalogue of Scientific Papers Committee appointed to supervise the execu- t ion and completion of the Society's Catalogue of the scientific papers published during the nineteenth century, of which an account is given in Chapter X.
* ( 'haUenger ' Reports Committee. A small Committee consisting of
naturalists who are consulted by correspondence as to whether and how far
applications from institutions and individuals at home, in the colonies, and
abroad for copies of the various volumes of the results of the 'Challenger'
iition should be complied with.
J"infinee Cnmmittee, of which the Treasurer is Chairman, is appointed for tin- purpose of consulting generally as to the investments and expenditure of I advising the Council thereon.
fiV/.v.v//)/ Committee was originally appointed for the purpose of supervising
t he work of the Kew ( )b*ervatory. It now considers the work of the meteoro-
1 and magnetic observatories with which the Royal Society is connected,
and admi be (iavsiot and other Trust Funds which are applicable
COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 171
to their maintenance. The history and present constitution of this Com.: will be found stated on p. 179.
Glass-worker,? Cataract Committee was appointed at the request of the Home Office to investigate the disease of the eyes known as « Glass-workers' Cataract', with the view of ascertaining its nature and cause and discovering if. possible some means of prevention or cure. The researches of this Comn . are still in progress.
Indian Government Advisory Committee. This Committee was appointed in 1899, at the request of the Secretary of State for India, to advise the Govern- ment of India on matters connected with scientific inquiry in that empin ; and, by further request from the Secretary of State in October 1902, it was continued as a Standing Committee. The annual reports and programme of work of the Board of Scientific Advice in India are submitted to thi> Committee, and its opinion is invited by the Secretary of State on ma which arise therefrom.
International Association of Academies Committee was instituted for the pur- pose of co-operating with the academies of other countries in the international scientific matters which constitute the business of the Association, and particu- larly in regard to matters which on the part of this country should be brought before the Association or respecting which the action of the British delegates should be decided in advance.
International Catalogue Committee. This Committee was originally appointed to initiate and promote the arrangements whereby the work of preparing a Catalogue of Scientific Literature, which the Royal Society had undertaken to complete for the nineteenth century, should be thereafter taken over and continued by international co-operation, as related in Chapter XI (p. 294). Its chief function now is to prepare for the meetings of the Conven- tion of the Catalogue which take place in London every five years and are attended by delegates from the different countries that subsidize the Catalogue.
Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee, consisting of eleven Fellows of the Royal Society and eleven representatives of the Royal Astronomical Society, who decide upon and supervise the expeditions which from time to time are dispatched to different parts of the world for the purpose of observing solar eclipses.
Library Committee, appointed for looking after the proper upkeep and administration of the library, with authority to expend each year without further reference a sum not exceeding £250 in the purchase of books and not more than ,^150 in the binding of books belonging to the Society.
Observatories Committee. This Committee was appointed in July 1897 in the place of a previously existing Committee known as the Indian Observa- tories Committee, which had been nominated by the President of the Society in May 1885 at the request of the Astronomer Royal and with the approval
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
of the Secretary of State for India, ' for ensuring the continued efficiency of the
Madras and Bombay Observatories,' but which had not been regarded as a
the Royal Society. The existing Committee discusses the
reports and >chemes of work of the Imperial Observatories in India, and
advi^-s the Secretary of State upon them and generally with regard to the
fixation of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations in that empire.
Its functions, however, are not in terms limited to the consideration of Indian
question*,
Scientific Relief Committee, appointed for the purpose of administering privately the Scientific Relief Fund which has been formed with the object of aiding such scientific men, or their families, as may through misfortune have In-come in need of pecuniary assistance. The Committee consists of ten Fellows each serving for five years and two retiring annually. Each application for a grant from this Fund must come from the President of one of certain specified scientific societies and may be made in regard to any deserving man of science, whether connected with the Royal Society or not. A short sketch of the history of the Fund is given at p. 183, and the regulations in force for the administration of the Fund will be found in the Year-Book.
Seismology Committee. This Committee was appointed in July 1902 to consider and advise on the question, referred to the Council by H.M. Govern- ment, of the participation of Great Britain in an International Organization of Seismologies] Observations. It has since been continued for the purpose of taking general cognizance of this department of science and promoting the co- ordination of the work of the various agencies concerned in it.
So'in'c Committee appointed for the purpose of arranging the invitations to oirees and dinners of the Society and deciding upon the exhibits to be >hown at the soirees.
Solar Research Committee, appointed in December 1904 as a Standing Committee in response to an invitation from an International Solar Conference held at St. Louis, U.S., in that year, advises the Council on questions arising from time to time in connexion with the triennial meetings and the work of the International Union for Solar Research, such as the establishment and equipment of stations for solar observations in various parts of the world, and MM- co-ordination of their work.
Sorhij Keticatrli Fund Committee, appointed to administer an endowment left I >y Hen i • v ( ' I i f t ( > n Sorby for the promotion of original scientific research. The composition of the Committee and other particulars connected with the Fund it p. 184.
'/'rojiiriil Diseases Committee. This Committee dates its origin from the
lf i()" <>f ' ! I'ly < 'ommitt.ee in 1896. It was formed at the request
of the Colonial Oil rsult of the consideration by the Royal Society of
. jor Bnice on the Tsetse fiy disease in Zululand to the Governor
ital and Xululand in December 1H95 and forwarded to the Royal Society.
of the
ries in Indi . -.lly will i
imited t<> i deration of I
.
i with tl' 'f\\ misfortune aittee consists of ten 1
f one of c
man of s
found in the Year-Book.
appointed in Jui ;e Council by H.M. G< ;n an International Organ- continued for the purp :e and promoting t .»'d in it.
.^ranging the invitati ing upon the exl
itional Si- on quest i' i<$s and t '• ,' the worl-
I
.J s>r().J i.^lc
COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 278
The Committee superintended the prosecution of researches into the causation of this malady for some years. In July 1898 in response to a request from the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, the President and Council appointed a Committee to confer with the Colonial Office regarding researches into Malaria in Africa ; this Committee was known as the Malaria Committee and for several years superintended researches carried out by a number of observers both in Africa and India. The conclusions arrived at were published in a series of Malaria Reports i>Mu -<1 by the Sex In 1902 the Tsetse Fly Committee and the Malaria Committee were amalga- mated under the name of the Tropical Diseases Committee, and subsequently to that date a number of important researches into the causation of Sleeping Sickness and of Mediterranean Fever were carried out under the control of the Committee with the aid of funds provided by the Colonial Office and Treasury. The results of these investigations have been from time to time published in the ' Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society ' and the ' Reports of the Mediterranean Fever Commission '.
Tyndall Mining Bequest Committee, appointed to administer the bequest of which the particulars are stated at p. 185.
T
CHAPTER X
THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Tin principal scientific publications of the Society of a serial character are •Philosophical Transactions' (4to) and the 'Proceedings' (8vo). There n published annually 'The Year-Book of the Royal Society', and at
intervals 'The Record of the Royal Society', of which the present volume is •hird issue. The 'Catalogue of Scientific Papers' for the Nineteenth
( Vntury, which has been in course of publication in a long series of volumes
-hue 1S(>7, is now approaching completion (p. 275).
THE 'PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS'. Some account of the origin of the ' Philosophical Transactions ' has already
in ven (pp. 39, 161). The original form, initiated in 1665, was in small (jiiarto with the title 'Philosophical Transactions: giving some Accompt of the present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Ingenious in many considerable parts of the world '. In 1792, in the 82nd volume, a larger quarto
introduced, which has been continued down to the present time. From 1887 the 'Transactions', beginning with volume 178. have been divided into two series: Series A, containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical chanu-tiT, now in volume 212; and Series B, containing Papers of a Biological
ictcr, now in volume 202. The individual papers which they comprise have also since 1875 been published separately and placed on sale to the public. The Council in 1906 enacted regulations for the sale at reduced rates of series of past volumes, which are advertised from time to time in the Proceedings. The early volumes are now difficult to procure. Eighteen volumes of an abridgement of the Philosophical Transactions up to 1800
prepared by Hutton, Shaw, and Pearson in 1809.
Tin: 'PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY'.
At a meeting of Council on May 10, 1832, it was 'Resolved — That the printing of the Abstracts of such papers as have been printed in the "Philosophical Transactions" from the year 1800 inclusive be proceeded in; and that the Treasurer and Secretaries be requested to superintend the printing of the Abstracts'. The first volume of these Abstracts, comprising tin- years 1SOO to 1814, was published the same year, and the Abstracts for the \ears 1H1 5 to ]«30 in the year following.
Up to this point the series presents merely a collection of abstracts,
i in the order of the full papers as they had been issued in the
'Philosophical Transactions'; but with the third volume a new system was
adopted, the Abftoacta being arranged under meetings and following the order
in wl
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIKTY 275
which the papers were read, the report of each meeting being headed hv a brief account of the business which preceded the reading of the papers. The 4 short title', in fact, Incomes from this time onwards ' Proceedings of the Km.il Society'; but the title-page still stands 'Abstracts of the Papers print,, I jn the Philosophical Transactions ', a description which is not ^trutlv accurate, since, even so early in the series as the third volume, many Abstracts were published of papers which never appeared in the ' Philosophical Transaction .
With the seventh volume (1854-5), a still further change began. ]U papers were published in full in this and the subsequent volumes which woe not published in the 'Philosophical Transactions" at all. These papers were for many years only the briefer or less important communications, the more bulky or more valuable papers being reserved for the quarto form. In time even this distinction became less marked, some papers of great importance appearing only in the ' Proceedings '. In this connexion, it may be noted that the Statute (Chap. Ill, Stat. V), which stands in the edition of 1871 and previous editions, privileging « All who have become Fellows of the Society after December the llth, 1834, and who have contributed a paper, which has been printed in the " Philosophical Transactions " ' to compound for their annual contributions for the sum of Forty Pounds, instead of Sixty Pound-, disappears in the next edition ; and in the year 1887 a further remnant of the distinction is effaced by the removal from the List of Fellows of the marginal letter P, which had hitherto been placed against the names of those Fellows who had contributed a paper to the ' Philosophical Transactions '.
The bulk of the 'Proceedings' increased so much that in 1904 the Society determined to divide them into two series : (A) Mathematical and Physical Papers and (B) Biological Papers; and at the same time the page was enlarged into royal octavo form. The last volume (75) of the original series is made up of a collection of Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased, which had previously been issued from time to time as a separate publication. The new series, beginning in 1905 with volume 76 in each division, has now in 1912 reached volume 86 in the Mathematical and Physical Series and volume 85 in the Biological Series.
'CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS.'1
The Royal Society's ' Catalogue of Scientific Papers ' is the outcome of a movement which dates back more than half a century. At the Glasgow meeting of the British Association which was held in 1855, a communication from Professor Henry, of Washington, was read, ' containing a proposal for the publication of [a catalogue of] philosophical memoirs scattered throughout the Transactions of Societies in Europe and America, with the offer of co-operation on the part of the Smithsonian Institute.' This proposal was referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Cayley, Mr. Grant, and Professor
1 Reprinted in part from 'Nature', vol. 45, p. 338. T 2
276 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
(afterward- Sir George Gabriel) Stokes ; and their report was presented next
lUnhnin meeting of the Association. The scheme set forth in
B that of a catalogue embracing only the mathematical and
il sciences, but comprising a subject catalogue as well as a catalogue
ling to the names of authors. There were to be paid editors, 'familiar
uith pa] ^vat branches respectively of the sciences to which the
catalogue relates/ and the work was to include, besides Transactions and
Societies, journals, ephemerides, volumes of observations, and
'other collections not coming under any of the preceding heads'.
In thi> form the scheme came before the Royal Society in March 1857, nd Sabine having requested, on the part of the British Association, the co-operation of the Society in the undertaking. The scheme, after discussion, narrowed to a manuscript catalogue, the question of printing being deterred ; it was to be a catalogue of periodical works in the Royal Society's library only: the suggested American co-operation, moreover, was dispensed with, and the work was undertaken at the Society's own charge. In one impor- tant respect, however, the scheme was greatly widened; for the idea of confining the catalogue to the mathematical and physical sciences, which had been put forward in the report to the British Association, was abandoned, and it was decided 'that all the sciences should be comprehended'. The tentative n-trictions were, of course, finally relaxed. It was resolved to extend the indexing to works contained in other libraries but not in the library of the Hoyal Society ; and in 1864, when the question of printing had to be deter- mined, it was decided to offer the Catalogue to Government for publication. The cost to the Society of compiling the material for the first series of the logue was considerable, and many of the Fellows had spent no small amount of time, not only in superintending the progress of the work at home, but in corresponding with Academies abroad, with the view of making the list rials to be catalogued as complete as might be. It was therefore with good reason that the Lords of the Treasury, in resolving to print the Catalogue at the public expense, stated that they had regard 'to the importance of the uork, with reference to the promotion of scientific knowledge generally, to the high authority of the source from which it comes, and to the labour gratuitously given by members of the Royal Society for its production'. The printing of this first series of the Catalogue, covering the scientific serials from the year 1800 to 1863, was commenced by the Stationery Office in 1866, seven Fellows of the Royal Society undertaking to read the proof-sheets gratuitously. The and la-t volumes of the series, completing the alphabet, were issued in 1H7X>.
additional decade of serials, embracing the years 1864-73, containing
about 1M ),()()() title*, and filling two additional .quarto volumes (vols. 7 and 8),
I in January 1876, and published by Her Majesty's Stationery
Office in 1S71). Hut a difficulty now arose from the fact that the Treasury
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 277
I informed the Society that the «« Catalogue of Scientific Papers" would not be continued as a publication of the Stationery Office". PteifeiMBl voted, how- I'ver, a gift towards the charges of publication, and a ,, r this gift,
supplemented by the Royal Society's own funds, was devoted to the issue of vol. 9, which the Cambridge University Press, aided by a subsidy from the Society, published in 1891. The question how to meet the expense volumes was, however, still an unsolved problem until in December 1892 Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S., made the Society the handsome donation of jP2,000 to assist in carrying on the Catalogue and Index. Partly by aid of this gift, vol. 10 was published in 1894, and vol. 11, completing the decade 1874-83 in 1896.
In addition to the foregoing volumes, the President and Council in 1902 issued a supplementary volume, in which were catalogued all the most impor- tant papers that appeared from 1800 to 1883 in periodicals not hitherto indexed.
The question of a Subject Catalogue had been often considered, and the Society at an early stage had embarked on a Subject Index to the main Catalogue arranged under names of authors. The preliminary preparation of the copy, involving the reduction of all the titles to one language, and the scheme of classification, were long under consideration. A portion of Dr. Ludwig Mend's gift, which has been mentioned above, was devoted to this branch of the work; and in June 1894 he supplemented this important aid by the still more munificent promise to contribute one-half of the total expenditure upon the Index in excess of that portion of his former gift already devoted to this purpose, provided the Society or others were willing to contribute the remainder of the cost (see p. 197). By this means it was hoped that the Index to the Catalogue would in due time become an accomplished fact, and that thus the whole series from 1800 to 1900, under Authors and Subjects, would be completed. The President and Council had thus virtually under- taken to complete this Catalogue up to the end of the nineteenth century, from which date its purpose is continued by the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature elsewhere referred to (p. 294).
The expense of this work, arising from the enormous increase in scientific publications during the latter part of the century, would have been beyond the unaided financial resources of the Royal Society. The task could not have been contemplated, notwithstanding the great amount of time ungrudgingly given to helping on the undertaking by many of the Fellows and others, had it not been for the liberal donations received from several sources, especially from Dr. Ludwig Mond. It is esti- mated that the completion of the Catalogue of Authors will entail at least eight additional volumes closely printed in quarto ; while the indexes for the seventeen sciences in the scheme of classification adopted in the International Catalogue, extending over the nineteenth century, will amount to not less than thirty volumes royal octavo.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Tlu- material for the entries in the main Catalogue according to Authors
h;l, no* hivii almost completely collected. This has involved the indexing of
mala and Transactions ; and the accumulation of about 800,000
titles for tlu> Indexes for the century, and about 413,000 titles for the
Ining portion for the years 1883-1900 of the Catalogue of Authors. Tin- titles in the Catalogue so far as already published number about 390,000. While the collection of this material was going on, the Index volumes for Pure Mathematics and Mechanics were prepared and have been published, while
Index for Phvsics, which will appear in two volumes, is now going through the pros. It is intended to go to press with the completion of the main Catalogue according to Authors in the autumn of 1912. In the matter of the printing and publication of tjie Catalogue, the Royal Society has ^ectired the very efficient collaboration of the Cambridge University Press, \\ho have undertaken to bear the responsibility for the expenses incurred.
THE YEAR-BOOK.
This volume is published annually as early in the year as may be practic- able. It is intended to provide the Fellows with a convenient compendium of information regarding the membership and various activities of the Society. It contains a brief Calendar of the chief fixed dates of the Society's meetings, of the Fellows and Foreign Members with their addresses, of the Committees and Boards, of the Statutes and Standing Orders, regulations i ling Medals, Funds, and other matters, the Report of the Council for the ding \ear, with a full statement of the income and expenditure and the condition of the Society's finances, the progress and state of the Society at the time, a list of the grants made from the Donation Fund, the accounts of the International Catalogue and of the National Physical Laboratory, the minutes of the ordinary meetings of the Society for the foregoing year, and other details.
( )( r ASIOXAL PUBLICATIONS.
I Yom time to time the Royal Society has undertaken the publication, in
ite form, of scientific memoirs which were regarded as important but
which were not suited for the pages of the ' Philosophical Transactions '. A list
of some of those issued in the early years of the Society's history has been
given in Chapter I of this volume (p. 40). A corresponding list of some of
the more important publications of this kind since the middle of the last
iry is here presented.
Principles of Observational Seismology, being an account and discussion of the Great Neapolitan Earthquake of 1857.' By Robert Mallet, C.E., F.ll.S. 2 vols. 8vo. London 1862. 'Observations <,f the International Polar Expeditions 1882-3.— Fort Rae.'
4to. IHHfi. 4 The Eruption of Krakatoa and subsequent Phenomena.' 4to. 1888.
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 279
A Monograph on the Horny Sponges/ By R. von LendiMift-lcl. 4to. 1899.' Magnetic and Meteorological Observations made by the *• Sou them Cross*
Antarctic Expedition, 1898-1900.' 4to. Reports to the Malaria Committee of the Royal Society/ 8vo. 8 Reports.
1900-3. Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society.' 5 Report*.
1902-9. Reports of the Commission on Mediterranean Fever/ 8vo. 7 Reports.
1905-7. Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society."* Demy
8vo. 1903-11. Nos. 1-11 (still in progress). The Atoll of Funafuti : Borings into a Coral Reef and the Results."1 1903.
4to. The Sub-mechanics of the Universe."* By Osborne Reynolds, F.R.S.
Large 8vo. 1903. Report on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar.' By W. A.
Herdman, F.R.S. With Supplementary Reports by other Naturalists
upon the Marine Biology. 4to. 5 vols. 1903-6. ; Report of a Magnetic Survey of South Africa.' By J. C. Beattie, D.Sc.
4to. 1909. ' Catalogue of a Collection of Early Printed Books in the Library of the
Royal Society.' (Non-scientific books and tracts mainly belonging to
« Norfolk Collection '.) Crown 4to (see ante, pp. 194, 233, 234). • National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904, Reports on Meteorology,
Physics, and Magnetism.' 3 vols. 4to. 1908- . Also Album of Photo- graphs and Sketches illustrative of the Expedition. 1 vol. 4to, with
portfolio. 1908. A final volume on the Meteorology is approaching
completion.
CHAPTER XI
GRANTS AND COMMITTEES WHICH THE ROYAL SOCIETY CONTROLS OR ADMINISTERS, AND INSTITUTIONS ON THE (iOXKKMNG BODIES OF WHICH IT IS REPRESENTED
( )\\ ixc to its age and the position which it has long held among the scientific institutions of the country, the Royal Society has been called upon to under- take' many duties outside of the sphere of its own more immediate activities. In some cases it has been invited to be represented on the Boards of Electors to Chairs in the Universities or on the Governing Bodies of the Public Schools. In others, it has been entrusted with the general control of important public institutions. The Society has likewise been frequently consulted by the Government of the day in regard to matters of scientific concern, and has been requested to undertake physiological and pathological investigations, some of which have continued for years and have involved the sending out of com- missions of inquiry and research to tropical regions. The following list will show the varied character of these external duties which are at present dis- charged by the Society.
I. GOVERNMENT GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.
For the origin of the annual Parliamentary Grant for 'scientific investi- gations' it is necessary to go back to the year 1849. On November 16 of that year, a letter addressed confidentially by Lord John Russell to the Earl of Kosse was read to the Council, together with the draft of Lord Rosse's reply, and on December 20 a Committee, consisting of the Lord Chief Baron, Professor Owen, Sir Roderick Murchison, Dr. Miller, and the officers, was appointed 'to consider and report to the Council respecting the application of the proposed Grant by Her Majesty's Government for the promotion of ifir inquiries". This Committee presented their Report to the Council on Marcli 7, 1K50, reconi mending that —
v First, and chiefly, the Grant be awarded in aid of private individual scientific investigation.
'lly, in aid of the calculation and scientific reduction of masses of accumulate. 1 observations.
'Thirdly, in aid of astronomical, meteorological, and other observations, which may he assisted by the purchase and employment of new instruments,
GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 281
'Fourthly, and subordinately to the purposes above named, in aid of such other scientific objects as may, from time to time, appear to be of sufficient interest, although not coming under any of the foregoing heads.1
The Report, from which the foregoing sentences are quoted, was adopted and a ' Committee of Recommendations ' appointed.
The sum granted by the Government and administered by that Committee was ,£1,000. On January 6, 1851, Lord John Russell wrote to the President informing him that he should 'set apart one thousand pounds, from the fund for Special Service, to be applied by the Council of the Royal Society in the same manner as the Grant made for scientific purposes last year\ The same sum was granted in 1852, 1853, and 1854, but, upon the President applying in 1855 'for the annual Grant of .£1,000', he was informed by a letter from H.M. Treasury that these Grants were special, and that the limited amount of the fund from which they had been made would not admit of 'an annual Grant to the Royal Society ', but it was suggested that a Parliamentary vote for the amount of the Grant might be taken.
In their reply the Council, while accepting the latter suggestion, empha.si/< I the fact that the Government Grant was not ' a grant to the Royal Society \ but ' a contribution on the part of the nation towards the promotion of science generally in the United Kingdom ', and that the Council regarded themselves ' as Trustees of the Grant, and accountable to the public for its due adminis- tration as long as it should be continued '.
From that time to the year 1881 the sum of ,£1,000 was annually voted by Parliament for the promotion of science in the United Kingdom, and was administered by the Council of the Society upon the advice of a Committee consisting of the Members of the Council, twenty-one Fellows not members of the Council, and the Presidents of the Chemical, Geological, Linnean, and Royal Astronomical Societies (Council Minutes, Jan. 27, 1859). This Com- mittee was at first appointed triennially, but after 1862 annually.
In July 1856 the attention of the Council was called to a motion which had been made in the House of Commons for the appointment of a Committee to consider the question, whether any measures could be adopted by the Government or Parliament that would improve the position of science or its cultivators in this country, and it was agreed that as the appointment of the Committee had been deferred until the next Session of Parliament with a view of permitting the question to be meanwhile maturely considered by scientific men, it was expedient that the subject should receive the early attention of the Council. The Government Grant Committee were, therefore, requested to draw up a Report containing such suggestions as might occur to them, and present it to the Council after the recess.
This Report was presented on January 15, 1857, and contained numerous suggestions, one of which was 'That the sum placed at the disposal of the
KKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
: Society tor the advancement of science be not necessarily limited to the
annual Grant of ±'1,000, when on any occasion special reasons maybe assigned
iitional sum'. No such increase of the Grant was made, however,
until nearly twenty years later, when (on April 29, 1876) a letter was received
from tin- Lord President of the Council proposing 'that further aid should be
flch by according permission to the Government Grant Committee
ommend in certain cases the payment of personal allowances to gentlemen
during tin- time they are engaged in their investigations ; that a sum of ^5,000,
including the above-mentioned ^1,000, should be taken annually; that the
i Society should be invited to aid Her Majesty's Government with their
advice and a.-istance in its appropriation and expenditure, and as to the sums
to In granted in each ease, reporting annually to the Lords of the Committee
of Council on Kducation on the progress made and the desirability or non-
(K-iial)ilitv of renewing the Grant; and that this experiment should be tried
for li The Lord President further proposed that ' the administration
and expenditure of the Grant, and accountability for it, should be vested in the
Science and Art Department, that all instruments purchased for investigations
should be left in its charge when no longer required ', and that the presidents
of certain societies * should be ex-afficio members of the Government Grant
Committee '.
After M>me correspondence, it was finally agreed that the Grant of ^1,000 >hould remain as before, and that a vote of ^4,000 should be taken on the conditions expressed in the Lord President's letter. For five years these two ( irant> ran concurrently, the Grant of ,£1,000 being known as ' The Government Grant \ and the Grant of =£4,000 as 'The Government Fund'.
Four Sub-Committees were appointed to consider applications and report upon them to the General Committee, namely : A. Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy. B. Biology. C. Chemistry. D. General Purposes.
The General Committee, which was now called the Government Fund
Committee, \\as constituted in the same way as before, with the addition of
al more r,/-o///r/o members, the Presidents of the following societies
forming the c>i-offici<> list: The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Royal Irish
lin i\, Royal Astronomical Society, Mathematical Society, Chemical
Limirati Society, Zoological Society, Geological Society, Physical
ty, Institution of Civil Engineers, Institute of Mechanical Engineers,
:al Council of Medical Education, Royal College of Physicians, Royal
College of Surgeons, and the British Association. It was further agreed on
: , that the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Royal Irish
Academy should each send an additional representative besides the President.
Committee, thus co intituled, reported to the Council, with whom lay the
final decision upon the recommendations.
On .January 1 1, 1*77, the Council received and adopted a code of Regulations which had been drawn up by the General Purposes Sub-Committee. To these
GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 288
the Council, on their own initiative, added tin- fu.th.r Rule: proposition or application involving a Grant to an existing Mm ,!*.,• o( Committee be entertained/ At the next meeting it was reported that two Members of the Government Fund Committee had resigned their aeats, a* they intended to make applications; and that as one of them was an cx-qfficio Member, the Education Department had been consulted as to the manner in which the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education would \\Mi th«- place of a Member ex-officio who resigned to be supplied.
The Secretary of the Department, in reply, while indicating the way in which this should be done, stated that their Lordships trusted that this self- denying ordinance had not been adopted under any misapprehension of tin it- own views or wishes. 'They desire, it may be clearly understood, that tlu-\ had no wish to impose such a rule as that stated in your letter. On tin- contrary — while fully appreciating the motives which probably induced the Royal Society to impose it — they cannot but express the regret which they would feel if it should lead to the loss of the services of some of the most active and distinguished men of science in aid of the distribution of a Grant which, being of a new and tentative character, peculiarly requires the support of those in whose judgement and knowledge the country would place the greatest reliance.' The rule in question was not, however, at that time reversed.
The assignments recommended were each year submitted to the Science and Art Department for approval, and the question of the nature of the vouchers to be rendered having been raised, it was decided that 'the receipt of the gentlemen to whom the payments are made will be accepted as a sufficient voucher, without receipts for all the details of the expenditure \
In the following year (1878) a difficulty began to be experienced by the Department in ascertaining when the investigations were completed, and when the instruments used in the investigations should be called in, and a letter was addressed to the Royal Society upon the subject. A circular was in consequence drawn up by the Society, requesting all who had received Grants to give account of their instruments, and the information thus obtained was communicated to the Department. The process of obtaining full and accurate account of instruments, and the question of when to call them in, have always been matters of some difficulty, which of late have been somewhat more successfully met by an annual return, which every grantee is required to make.
The Fund of ^4,000 a year (which had hitherto run concurrently with the Government Grant of ^1,000) having been initiated as a five years' experiment, a letter was addressed early in 1881 by the Science and Art Department to the Secretary of the Royal Society reminding him that the five years would soon come to an end, and asking for a Report upon the results of the experiment. A ' Report by the President and Council ' was accordingly drawn
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
up, in which, after reciting the constitution and Regulations of the Fund, they furnished a table of the five years' Grants, with the following totals for die period : —
Total amount applied for, ,£50,401.
Amount granted for Personal Allowance, <£7,800.
Amount granted for Non-Personal Expenses, ,£11,800.
The report surest s that if unused balances, instead of reverting to the
urv, 'could be reserved and kept in hand, provision might be made for
larger purposes than those to which the Fund has hitherto been devoted ' ;
and with respect to personal grants, while it does not suggest that these should
itirely discontinued, it does not recommend 'the present method of
administering them'. Some correspondence between the Treasury, the
Committee of Council on Education, and the Royal Society ensued, and it
:i, i.illy agreed (.March, 1882), (1) that the Grant of ,£1,000, which had
hitherto been provided under the Vote for Learned Societies, should be
discontinued ; (;2) that the <£4,000 which had for the previous five years been
provided under the Vote for the Science and Art Department should be
replaced by a like sum 'as a Grant in aid of the Royal Society'; (3) that this
( i rant should be managed by a reconstituted Government Grant Committee,
and should be 'primarily applicable to non-personal payments', but that the
Committee should be 4 at liberty to recommend occasional personal payments
from it, which, however, would only be made with the express sanction of the
urv. obtained in every case'; (4) that accounts and vouchers of the
• lit me should be rendered as in the case of the Grant for Meteoro-
il purposes, the money being issued by the Treasury 'only upon
idence that previous grants had been spent to a sufficient
extent, and that no excessive balance was being accumulated over a series
In the correspondence concerning details which followed this general
arrangement, the Council again insisted, as they had done in 1855, that the
t was not a Grant to the Royal Society, but to Science. ' With regard
to the title under which the Vote is proposed to be made,' wrote the President,
iniich as the Society derives no pecuniary benefit from the Grant, but in
administering it undertakes an onerous and difficult task, the President and
Council would be glad if the terms could be so modified as to prevent any
misapprehension with regard to this point on the part of the public.' The
of the Treasury, in his reply, called attention to the fact that ' a Grant
in »'<: i ( i rant of which the detailed expenditure is not subject to the
'let ailed appropriation as the expenditure of an ordinary Grant', and that
this was * the reason for using tlie expression here'. Ultimately, in a Treasury
''••d April s. i was agreed that the estimate should be
submitted to Parliament in the following terms : —
GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 285
4 A. Royal Society.
Grant for Scientific Investigations undertaken with tlu- sanction of a Committee appointed for the purpose.'
The question of detailed vouchers was authoritatively settled by the above- quoted letter, dated March 24, 1882, a decision which was confirmed by a letter dated May 7, 1885.
The constitution of the Government Grant General Committee undr- new scheme was identical with that of the Government Fund Committee which it superseded, but the Sub-Committees under this *rhrm.- were rearranged. The Code of Regulations adopted at this time was amended and consolidated on December 6, 1883. In 1888 the Regulations were again under consideration, and on July 5 of that year a code was adopted, and com- municated to Her Majesty's Treasury, by whom it was approved.
In the letter accompanying this code, the Royal Society drew the attention of the Treasury to the fact that, whereas in 1882 their Ixwdships had laid it down that ' no excessive balance was to be accumulated over a series of years \ the Secretary of the Treasury had in 1885 stated, in answer to an appeal for a Grant in aid of observing the Solar Eclipse of 1886, that ' My Lords dcMrc to keep State aid to scientific investigations as much as possible within the limits of the ^4,000 per annum annually placed by Parliament at the disposal of the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society '. The Secretary of the Royal Society explained that it was in consequence of the desire thus expressed by their Lordships that it was now proposed to establish a Reserve Fund, not at any time to exceed ^2,000. The Secretary further drew attention to the substitution of several relatively small Boards for the previous large Sub-Committees; to the rule admitting extended Grants; to the special precautions under which personal Grants would be made, and which their Lordships would probably consider obviated the necessity of submitting each Grant for their Lordships' approval ; and to the additions of the ex- officio list.
In 1894 the Council at the instance of the General Committee asked Her Majesty's Treasury to increase the amount of the Grant, but without success.
Amendments have been made from time to time in the Regulations since 1888. In March 1894 Instructions for the Government Grant Boards, and in February 1895 Instructions for a Committee appointed for the purpose of administering a Grant, were drawn up.
On June 23, 1901, new Regulations were made as to the audit of the accounts, the sale of apparatus, or its presentation to the National Physical Laboratory. Owing to a difficulty which arose when it became necessary to initiate legal proceedings against a grantee, an alteration was made, on May 19, 1904, with the approval of H.M. Treasury, making it clear that the administration of the Fund was placed in the hands of the Royal Society, the functions of the Government Grant Committee being limited to the selection
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
« persons to whom tin- grants are to be made, to the determination of the
amounts of the \nrious grants, and the conditions on which they are granted.
At the s;mic date, with the like approval, a new Regulation (VI. 34) was made
under whirh the President and Council are authorized to set aside, in each
«mt of the Reserve Fund, such sum as they may consider desirable to
cpensea incurred by the Society in matters referred to it by the
rnment. The opportunity was also taken to effect a number of other
minor amendments.
On April 30, 1908, alterations were made in the dates for receiving applications, and for the meeting of the Committee; and on June 23, 1910, the Treasury autliori/cd an increase of the amount provided for administrative rxpcnscs from X'.'JOO to i'.'JoO per annum.
The Regulations now in force are to be found in the 'Year-Book'. The Government Grant for Scientific Investigations is administered by the dent and Council of the Royal Society. The General Committee by which the applications are decided upon is at present composed as under.
Tlir President and Council of the Royal Society for the time being. The President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh aud one other Representative, Tin' President, of the Royal Irish Academy and one other Representative, The Presidents of —
The Uritish Association,
The London Mathematical Society,
The Royal Astronomical Society,
The Physical Society,
The Institution of Civil Engineers,
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
The Institution of Electrical Engineers,
The Chemical Society,
The Iron and Steel Institute,
The lleoloirieal Society,
The Royal ideographical Society,
The Linnean Society.
The Zoological Society,
'I he Hoyal Anthropological Institute,
The Royal College of Physicians,
The Hoyal College of Surgeons, The Members, for the time bein<r. of the seven advisory Boards named below.
The actual examination of the applications for grants from the annual sum .000 Nntrd by Pa ilia i IK -iit is delegated to seven Boards, the scope of each >\vn in the subjoined table. \. Applications relating to Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Crystallo-
'i'hy. and Mathematical Aslronomv. H. Applications relating to Kxperimental Physics, Observational Astronomy,
and Mi-tcorol. C. Applications relating lo Chemistry and Metallurgy.
PUBLICATION GRANT 287
D. Applications relating to Geology, Palaeontology, Mineralogy, ami Geography.
E. Applications relating to Botany.
F. Applications relating to Zoology and Comparative Anatomy.
G. Applications relating to Animal Physiology and Medical Subjects. The Boards, each of which consists of eight members, ha\i uisly
received printed lists of all the applications for the year, im-i-t Miimltaneously at the rooms of the Royal Society to consider the several applications and decide which should be recommended for approval by the General Comm This Committee meets as early as possible after the simultaneous meetings of the Boards and its decisions are reported to the Council for approval.
II. PUBLICATION GRANT.
In 1895 the heavy burden of the expense falling upon the Royal Society in respect of its scientific publications led the Council to memorialize the Government with the view of obtaining assistance from the Treasury towards the cost of the publications of the Society and of other scientific publications. In response to this application the Government agreed to make a grant in aid, amounting to ^1,000 per annum, to the Royal Society, on the under- standing that it would, by means of the grant, assist not merely the Society's own publications but also the adequate publication of scientific matter through other channels and in other ways.
The Regulations under which this Grant is at present administered were adopted by the Council on November 7, 1901. They will be found in the Society's ' Year-Book \
III. THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY.
The earlier efforts of individuals towards the foundation in this country of a National Physical Laboratory led in 1897 to the appointment by H.M. Treasury of a Committee, with Lord Rayleigh as Chairman, to consider and report upon the desirability of the project. This Committee reported on July 6, 1898, and recommended that a Public Institution should be founded for standardizing and verifying instruments, for testing materials, and for the determination of physical constants ; and that the proposed Institution should be under the control of the Royal Society. The Committee further suggested that the Institution should be established by extending the Kew Observatory.
The recommendations of the Committee were accepted by the Treasury, and the Royal Society was invited to carry them into effect. A scheme of organization was accordingly drawn up early in 1899 and agreed upon by the Treasury and the Royal Society. This provided that the name of the institution should be the National Physical Laboratory, and that its ultimate
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
control should IK- vested in the President and Council of the Royal Society. Arrangement was made also for the formation of a Governing Body consisting
i il Hoard and an Executive Committee. Under this scheme the 1 tonsils of the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of the . flu- Yice-Chairman of the Board, who is also Chairman of
utive Committee, and is appointed by the President and Council of the Koval Society, the Permanent Secretary of the Board of Trade, and thirty-six Ordinary 'members. Of the ordinary members twenty-four are appointed by the President and Council of the Royal Society, and two each by the Councils of the following institutions:—
The ln>titutioii of Civil
Tin- Institution of Mechanical Engineers,,
The Institution of Electrical Engineers,
The Iron and Steel Institute,
Tin- limitation of Naval Architects,
Tlie Society of ( 'heniical Industry.
The Executive Committee consists of the President, Treasurer, and one of Hie Secretaries of the Royal Society, the Chairman of the Executive Committee, t lu- Permanent Secretary of the Board of Trade, and twelve ordinary members. The twelve ordinary members are nominated by the President and Council of the Royal Society, one-half being chosen from the representatives on the General Hoard of the six institutions above named. One-sixth of the mem- ber- of the General Board and of the Executive Committee retire annually. Special arrangements were also made initially for the appointment of repre- -entatives on the Executive Committee from the previously existing Kew Observatorv Committee of the Royal Society.
Dr. K. T. Gla/ebrook, F.R.S., was appointed in 1899 to be the first Director of the Laboratory.
Work was originally commenced at the Kew Observatory, but it was found that the plan of extending the Observatory presented difficulties, and in December, 15)00, II. M. Queen Victoria made a grant of Bushy House, Tedding! on, to the Commissioners of Works for the uses of the National Physical Laboratory, conditions as to maintenance being agreed upon between the Commissioners and the Royal Society.
A grant of 1*14,000, afterwards increased to ^19,000, was made by the
towards the initial alterations, additional buildings, and equipment
ddington. The basement and ground floor of Bushy House were utilized
tor the I'hysics Laboratory ; for the Engineering Laboratory a building 80 feet
by :>" feet wat erected. These alterations were completed in 1901, and the
ormally opened by the King and Queen (then Prince and
Prince^ of Wales) on March 1.9, 1902.
The Laboratory at this date comprised two departments at Teddington, for IMiy-sic^and Kngiiieering respectively. The Kew Observatory at Richmond
l<i L SOCIETY
and Co
nty-four
utiveCommi;
it and COUIK 1. < * of the i!
rory, but it v
:d difficulties, an
of the Nati eed upon bet *
•J equipi abuildii
arunn
THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY 289
was incorporated with the Laboratory and constituted the Observatory
Department, under the able superintendence of Dr. ( l,.u!, Chree, F.R.S. The Physics Department included Division, for Electri. ,eral Electrical
Measurements and Fundamental Units), Thcn.ioim-trv, Me trology,and Metal- lurgy. Divisions for Optics, Electrotechnics and Photometry, and Prediction were added in the following year.
The history of the Laboratory since 1902 has been one of continual growth, involving the extension of the existing Divisions of the work, and the formation of new Departments. The staff at Teddington at the end of 1902 numbered twenty-six persons : in addition to the Director there was one Superintendent, in charge of the Engineering Department, and four Assistants, three of \vhom were Heads of Divisions of the Physics Department. In January 191^! th. staff at Teddington numbered 136, including three Superintendents, one Senior and five Principal Assistants, and seventeen Assistants, in addition to Junior Assistants and other scientific workers. The Divisions of the Physics Department were all originally housed in Bushy House. In 1904 a proini-. was received from the Treasury of a further grant, to be spread over a number of years, towards the additional buildings and equipment which had become necessary. Buildings for Electrotechnics and Metrology were accordingly planned.
The Electrotechnics building was completed early in 1906, and was formally opened by Viscount Haldane in June of that year. A donation of .£5,000 towards its equipment was shortly afterwards received from Sir John Brunner. This enabled satisfactory arrangements to be made for the testing of electrical instruments of all kinds, and for photometric work. A 100,000 volt trans- former for insulation tests was installed later.
The Metrology Building was completed in 1907, but was not occupied till the following year. It was specially designed to secure the constancy of tem- perature essential for the carrying out of length-measurements of the highest accuracy, and a long mural base was provided for testing on the flat, or in catenary, surveying tapes up to 150 feet in length. This Division also deals with measurements of area and volume (e. g. the testing of areameters and of glass vessels), while more recently the work of verification of masses has been transferred to it. In 1907 the Laboratory was requested by H.M. Commis- sioner of Police to undertake the testing of taximeters of the London cab service, and this work was also entrusted to the Metrology Division. The majority of the tests of taximeters are carried out at Teddington, but for the re-testing of previously verified instruments a Taximeter Testing Sub-Station was provided at Lambeth. Recently, in 1911, an extension has been added to the Metrology Building for the re-erection of the standard screw-cutting lathe of the War Office.
The provision of the Electrotechnics and Metrology Buildings left room for the further expansion of the remaining Divisions in Bushy House. The
U
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Klectricai Standards Division obtained accommodation for the erection of the ampere balance, and later of the Lorenz resistance apparatus. The Division tor (icneral KKrtrical Measurements, which in addition to the testing of iron t tic hysteresis and total power loss, is concerned with measure- i of capacity and inductance, was able to install apparatus for the testing of wavemeters and other instruments for use in wireless telegraphy. In the Optics Division new equipment was provided for testing photographic lenses .md shutters, the lenses of oculists' trial cases, prism binoculars, and for other purposes. In the Thermometry Division an additional room was fully equipped for the rapid testing of standard and other mercury thermometers, enabling some of this work, where higher accuracy was required, to be trans 1 from Kew. From the commencement, special provision had been made at Teddington for high temperature thermometry and pyrometry, and in 1907 a new furnace room was built out at the north-west corner of Bushy House, and provided later with a 15-kilowatt alternator and other equipment for elei -trie furnace work involving considerable power consumption. The Kelvin tide-predicting machine, placed in the charge of the Laboratory in 1903 by tin- India Office, for the determination of the tides for the Indian ports and other tide-prediction work, is also installed in Bushy House.
The Engineering Department has undergone considerable extension since 11)0:2. In 1903 a special building was provided for the accommodation of a Whitworth Standard Screw-cutting Lathe constructed to designs approved h\ a War Office Committee; and a 50-foot steel tower was erected in the grounds for the wind pressure research. In 1906 two bays were added to the 1 Engineering Building, and a 100-ton machine was provided for the testing work transferred to the Laboratory from Cooper's Hill. In 1909 the Labora- tory was asked by the Government to undertake experimental work in Aeronautics, and the further space necessary for a wind channel, motor-testing plant, &c., was provided by the addition of two more bays to the Engineering Building, while a shed 80 feet square was built to accommodate a whirling table. At the same time the earlier wind tower was replaced by two 60-foot towers, 1 10 yards apart, to facilitate the study of lateral variation in the wind. In 191 1 the Department was asked to undertake the testing of road materials for tin- Government Koad Board, and an additional building has been erected for this work.
Tin Physics Department originally comprised a Division for Metallurgy and
HUM nipying a few rooms in Bushy House. In 1906 by arrangement
with the India Office, the test work for the Government of India, formerly
•••d out at Cooper"* Hill, was transferred to the Laboratory, and a new
building for this work was provided. A new Department of Metallurgy and
dlnrgical Chemistry *M aKo constituted. In 1910 a gift of ,£10,000 was
-rd from Sir .hiliiis Wernher for the erection of a building to advance the
'llurgy. This was planned to be continuous with the building
THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY
for the India Office work, and was completed in the autumn of 1911, enabling the whole of the earlier equipment for Metallurgy to be transferred from Bushy House. The plans for the Metallurgy Building involved the trans- ference, already mentioned, of the War Office lathe to an extension <»; Metrology Building.
One further new Department remains to be mentioned. From tin d.v the opening of the Laboratory the possibility of finding funds for construction at Teddington of a large tank for experiments on mo.lcU of ships had been under consideration by the Executive Committee of the Inborn In April 1908 an offer was made by Mr. A. F. Yarrow to the Institution of Naval Architects of the sum of .£20,000 for the construction of such a tank, provided it were established at the National Physical Laboratory and a sufficient sum contributed from other sources for its maintenance for a num- ber of years. A Guarantee Fund was raised by the Institution ; and tin construction of the tank was commenced in 1909 and completed towards the end of 1910. It was formally opened by Lord Rayleighon July 5, 1911 ; and on a commemorative tablet it is described as ' The William Fronde National Tank, erected by A. F. Yarrow for the service of the nation'. The work i> carried on under the guidance of an Advisory Committee, mainly composed oi representatives of the Institution of Naval Architects.
The Kew Observatory continued its work as the ' Observatory Department ' of the Laboratory until the year 1910. During this period it was found necessary to remove the magnetic work to a site free from magnetic disturbance due to electric traction ; and, with the assistance of the Government, a Magnetic Observatory was established at Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire. The buildings were commenced in 1904, and a Superintendent was appointed in 1907. On July 1, 1910, the control of the meteorological research work carried out at Kew, and of the Eskdalemuir Observatory, was transferred to the Director of the Meteorological Office, the Kew Observatory becoming the Central Observatory of the Meteorological Office. The testing of clinical and other thermometers, telescopes, binoculars, watches, and other instruments still continues, however, to be carried out at the Kew Observatory, pending th< provision of accommodation for this work at Teddington.
For this purpose further new buildings at Teddington are necessary. Towards these the sum of <£*15,000 has recently been promised by the Treasury, and the minimum accommodation required is now being arranged for. The buildings planned, and commenced early in 1912, include an Optics Building, which will provide room for the testing of optical instru- ments now done at Kew and for the Optics Division at Teddington, and an Administration Building, with offices and library, and a section for tin- receipt and despatch of instruments. These buildings will be completed early in 1913.
A few notes are added on the researches which have been conducted at
U2
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
the Laboratory. In 1901, from funds furnished by the generosity of Sir Andivu Noble", equipment was provided for work on the fundamental high temperature si-ale, which has since been continuously in progress. The r work consisted in a comparison of platinum thermometers and thermo-j unctions with the gas thermometer, up to the highest tem- peratinv which could then conveniently be measured with these instruments. .nut of this work published in 1903 was followed in 1904 by c ription of a new type of electric furnace, with a re-determination of the- melting-point of platinum. The subsequent investigations have been directed mainly to the finding of some satisfactory refractory material for the construction of gas thermometer bulbs for use at very high tempera- tures. ( )ther types of electric furnace have been devised in the course of the work, and various difficulties have been encountered. lonization phenomena in furnaces have been studied.
Research on electrical units and standards dates from the time of the toimdat ion of the Laboratory. Dr. Glazebrook continued to serve as Secretary to the Electrical Standards Committee of the British Association, arid continuity with the previous researches carried out by him for that Committee \\a> thus maintained. The course of the investigations at Teddington has been marked by a series of papers on mercury standards of resistance, the ampere balance, the normal Weston cadmium cell, the silver voltameter, methods of high precision for the comparison of resistances, the variation of manganin resistances with humidity, and a variety of other researches on standard resistances, and standard cells. An ampere balance was constructed in 1900-7, and a standard Lorenz apparatus for the determination of the ohm in absolute measure, the gift of the Drapers' Company, has recently completed. An extensive research on the measurement of capacity and inductance, including the construction of standards of inductance of high accuracy, has been conducted.
The Photometry Division has devoted continuous attention to the establish- ment of satisfactory methods and standards for the measurement of the illumination given by different sources of light.
The investigations carried out in the Metrology Division have been directed mainly to the construction and maintenance of standards of length, and to the devising of suitable methods of length measurements of all kinds, including measurements of screws and of tapes and wires for surveying purposes. Many researches have been undertaken for the Engineering lu<U Committee — a fully representative body working under the auspices of the engineering profession and the Government for the purpose of defining and providing practical and interchangeable standards in con- struction.
Th< i \\ork in the Engineering Department has, for the most part,
ied on uith the continuous assistance and advice of the Institution of
THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY 29S
Civil Engineers, who have contributed generously towards the support of the work of the Laboratory. A research on wind-pressure was at 01 menced, directed to the determination of a method of extim.v Mnd-
pressure on large structures from the results of experiments on small models in the Laboratory. An account of the earlier exj,. -mm -i.N ,,i, m,Ni, |, air channel was published in 1903, and this work was followed by tl>. vestigation of the wind-pressure on larger surfaces in tin- step was to determine what relation the maximum pressure intensity in a given period of time over a considerable area, such as that of a structure, bears to the maximum intensity occurring at a *iii^l« point ,,: area. The last stage of this research, to determine the effect on this relation of the more or less exposed character of the site, has now been entered upon.
A second extensive research has been in progress in the Engineering Department to determine the behaviour of materials under repetition of stresses of various kinds. Papers published in the course of this research relate to the construction of an alternating stress-testing machine, the resistance of iron and steel to reversals of direct stress, a new fatigue text tor iron and steel, a repeated impact testing machine and the resistance of materials to impact, and other work of a similar character.
Research in Aeronautics was commenced in 1909, and considerable progress has been made in the study of the forces due to the wind on airships and aeroplanes.
In the Metallurgy Division the work initiated by Sir William Roberts- Austen was continued at the Laboratory for the Alloys Research Committee of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and with the support of that Institu- tion. The several reports made to this Committee deal respectively with iron-nickel-manganese-carbon alloys, alloys of aluminium and copper, allov> of copper aluminium and manganese, and alloys of aluminium and /inc. A large number of other papers on metallurgical subjects have been published.
The investigations on ship-models in the Tank Department were commenced in 1911, and this work will in future constitute an important branch of the research- work carried out by the Laboratory.
During the period in which the Kew Observatory was a Department of the National Physical Laboratory, the Superintendent, Dr. Charles Chree, F.R.S., published a valuable series of memoirs reducing and discussing the magnet ic observations recorded at the Observatory, as well as magnetic observation^ taken at Falmouth, and the magnetic and meteorological records obtained by expeditions to the Antarctic regions. (See p. 301.)
In the year 1908 the conditions regulating the character of the test- work undertaken by the Laboratory for manufacturers and other private bodies \v«-n- farther defined by a Committee appointed by the Treasury, of which the Right Hon. Gerald W. Balfour acted as Chairman.
The total capital expenditure of the Laboratory up to December 31, 1911,
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
•K-cii ^104,399 7a. Id. The grants for buildings and equipment received
II..M. Trea.siiry during this period amount to a total of <£57,150, the
remainder bciiiir tor the most part provided from private sources. The
ordinal \ expenditure during the year 1911 amounted to ^30,571 14*. 10d.,
of uhieh r 17,398 3*. 7d. was met by payments for testing-work done.
IV. IMKKNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE.
In the foregoing chapter an account was given of the Royal Society's ilogue of Scientific Papers', of which twelve volumes have been published compriMiiij the period from 1800 to 1883. It had long been apparent that the production of so great a work would soon be beyond the resources of the Society or indeed of any single body. International co-operation appeared to IK- the only means of securing the continuation of the work. As already stated, the President and Council of the Royal Society were willing to complete at their own charges the volumes required to bring their 'Catalogue1 down to the end of the nineteenth century, but they felt that Mime other arrangement must be made for the further prosecution of the Catalogue beyond that period.
Accordingly, the Royal Society sought the opinion of a large number of -entative bodies and individuals abroad, and as the replies were almost uniformly in favour of the work being undertaken by international co-operation, steps were taken to summon an international conference of delen-ato appointed by the various Governments. This Conference was held in London on July 14 to 17, 1896, and was followed by Conferences held in London on October 11 to 13, 1898, and on June 12 and 13, 1900.
The Conference held in 1900 agreed upon a scheme for the publication of an International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. It was then laid down that the supreme control of the Catalogue should be vested in an International Convention. In the intervals between the meetings of the International Convention, the administration of the Catalogue was to be vested in an International Council, the editing and publication being carried on by <it nil Bureau. All difficulties were finally removed by the Royal Society undertaking in October 1900 to act as the publishers of the Catalogue on behalf of the International Council, thereby giving the necessary legal status to the undertaking, and also agreeing to advance the capital required to start the enterprise, the understanding being that this capital should be repaid during the next five years. The contracts entered into at the time were for publishing live annual issues of the Catalogue corresponding to the five years
At the lir>t i Meeting of the International Council aforesaid in London, on
mber r.\ 190(), it was decided to commence the preparation of the
in January 1, 1901, that each annual issue of the Catalogue
-hould con-i-t of seventeen volume^ and that the price of the set to subscribers
INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE CATALOGUE 295
should be £17. Dr. H. Forster Morley was appointed Director of the Central Bureau, and an Executive Committee of the International Count il was also formed. The Central Bun-au is established in offices at 34 and 35 Southampton Street, Strand, London, W.C. Schedules of Classification and the Instructions for the use of Regional Bureaus have been elaborated are issued in English, French, Italian, and German.
The second meeting of the International Council was held in London on May .23 and 24, 1904. At this meeting it was decided *That in view of the success already achieved by the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, and of its great importance to scientific workers, it is imperative to continue the publication of the Catalogue beyond the first five annual issues '.
The first meeting of the International Convention was held in London on July 25 and 26, 1905, and was attended by accredited representatives from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The Convention received and adopted the resolution of the International Council of the previous year, recommending that the work be continued for a second period of five years ; and they requested the Royal Society to continue to act as the publishing body, and in that capacity to conclude a contract with Messrs. Harrison & Sons for printing and publishing the volumes of the Catalogue that would index the scientific literature of the years 1906-1910. The Convention also asked the Royal Society to make provision for the working capital required.
In response to these resolutions, the Council of the Royal Society arranged for an extension, with certain modifications, of the then existing contracts, so that they should cover the printing and publishing of the Catalogue up to the end of the tenth annual issue. The Society has advanced sums amounting altogether to .£7,500 for working expenses, upon which annual interest is paid.
At the meeting of the International Convention in 1905 the Schedules of Classification underwent careful revision. The Convention also approved a proposal for the amalgamation of Volume N (Zoology) of the Catalogue with the Zoological Record published by the Zoological Society of London. The amalgamation was agreed to for the five years 1906-1910, and it has recently been extended to cover the period 1911-1915.
At a third meeting of the International Council held in London on July 29 and 30, 1907, details of the work of the Regional Bureaus established in the various co-operating countries were taken into consideration, and it was decided to issue a new edition of the Instructions for the use of Regional Bureaus. The fourth meeting of the International Council was held in London on June 3 and 4, 1909.
The second meeting of the International Convention was held in London July 12 to 13, 1910. It was attended by accredited representatives from
296 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Japan, South Wales, Russia, South Australia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and tin- Tinted States of America. At this Convention it was resolved 'That in \ir\\ of the success already achieved by the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature and of the great importance of the objects which it promotes, it is imperative to continue the publication of the Catalogue during the period 1911-1915 and, on the recommendation of the International Council, during the subsequent five years 1916-1920'. All the delegates lit voted in favour of this resolution with the exception of the representa- ti\e of Germany, who stated that his country desired to reserve its decision. The German Government has, however, since the meeting of the Convention announced its intention of continuing its support of the undertaking for the third quinquennial period.
The Convention of 1910 also resolved 'That in view of the resolution arrived at to continue the Catalogue for a further period of five years, tlu Royal Society of London be requested to act, as in the past, as the publishing body and to make the necessary contracts'. The Council of the I {oval Society has therefore agreed with the printers for the extension of the contracts for printing and publishing the Catalogue until the end of the fifteenth annual issue, namely, the one indexing the literature of 1915.
The contributions of the various countries have taken the form of promises to subscribe for a certain number of complete sets of the volumes or their equivalent. The following is a list of the sets thus subscribed for at the present time : —
New Zealand .... 1 Norway ..... 5 Nova Scotia .... 1 Orange River Colony . . 1 Poland ... .1
Portugal 1
Queensland .... 1 Russia . . . . .30 South Australia . . . 2 Spain ..... 1
Sweden 5
Switzerland .... 8 Transvaal Colony ... 1 United Kingdom . . .45 United States of America . 58
Victoria 1
West Australia ... 1
Total 369
|
Austria . |
. - 9J |
|
Belgium . |
. 7 |
|
Canada . |
. 7 |
|
Ca|)e Colony . |
. 6 |
|
Cuba . ' . |
. 1 |
|
Denmark |
. 6 |
|
Egypt . |
2£ |
|
Finland . |
2^ |
|
IVance |
. 35 |
|
Germany |
. 45 |
|
•• |
% |
|
Holland . |
. 8 |
|
Huniy |
4 |
|
India and ( 'cvlon |
. 21 |
|
ltal\ |
. 27 |
|
' |
. 15 |
|
Mexico . |
5 |
|
-outh \\ |
• t~7T |
SUCIJG/J \
prmei
; Hi
United King
ii it
: the Catalog! of the lute- •\ All the rion of tn
: don
for the
• lure of 1 uken the form of pron-
. .
PLATI \l\
INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE CATALOGUE
The branches of science included in the Catalogue are as folio WM :—
A. Mathematics.
B. Mechanics.
C. Physics.
D. Chemistry.
E. Astronomy.
F. Meteorology.1
G. Mineralogy.2 H. Geology.
J. Geography.3
K. I'ulaeontolo
I.. General Biology.
M. Botany.
N. /oology.
O. Anatoii i \
P. Physical Anthropo
Q. Physiology.4
R. Bacteriology.
Volumes are issued in paper covers, but may also be obtained bound in buckram at an extra charge per volume, or for part of volume nhi-n bound separately. For those who may prefer a card catalogue to a Cata- logue in book-form, copies of every volume specially printed upon one side- only of thin paper have been published. The entries can then be cut out and pasted upon cards of any desired size. An extra charge is made for these thin paper copies.
In the case of Zoology an experiment is being made by offering for sale the separate parts of the volume which correspond to divisions of the animal kingdom.
Eight complete annual issues of the Catalogue corresponding to the period 1901-1908 have now been published. The greater part of the ninth issue is also published. The volumes composing the tenth issue are at pn-Miit appearing.
The following table gives the total number of papers indexed in each science for the nine issues covering the period 1901-1909 : —
A. Mathematics
B. Mechanics
C. Physics .
D. Chemistry
E. Astronomy
F. Meteorology
G. Mineralogy H. Geology
J. Geography
|
16748 |
K. |
Palaeontology |
|
9200 |
L. |
General Biology |
|
35032 |
M. |
Botany . |
|
72631 |
N. |
Zoology . |
|
16071 |
O. |
Anatomy |
|
14083 |
P. |
Anthropology . |
|
14338 |
Q. |
Physiology |
|
18210 |
R. |
Bacteriology . |
|
22417 |
Total 488966
1 Including Terrestrial Magnetism.
2 Including Petrology and Crystallography.
8 Mathematical and Physical.
4 Including Experimental Psychology, Pharmacology, and Experimental Pathology.
HECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Thi> is the milliter of entries for the Catalogue according to Authors. .eh entrv in this Catalogue there are on the average two or three entries in the Catalogue according to Subjects. Since the beginning of the under- taking two million index cards have been received at the Central Bureau; as la index the scientific literature for the eleven years 1901-1911, they thus give an average of about 180,000 entries per annum.
An arrangement has recently been made with the International Seismological
Association whereby the section of 'Internal Dynamics' in the volume for
^ill be enlarged by additional entries prepared under the auspices of
Seismologies! Association, and will be issued with separate title-page to
the members of the- Association.
V. THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY, GREENWICH.
Allusion was made in Chapter I (p. 34) to the foundation of this Observatory by ('harle> II and to its earlier history. The connexion of the Royal Society with the Observatory has been close from the beginning. In 1710 the Society ippointed to be Visitors and Directors, a function which they continued to perform until the accession of King William IV, when, by a new warrant then issued, the President and six of the Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society were added to the same number of the Royal Society to constitute the Hoard of Visitors, the President of the Royal Society being Chairman of the Hoard. A new warrant is issued at the beginning of each sovereign's reign. The following is that of King George V : —
WARN A XT FOR THE BOARD OF VISITORS OF THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY,
GREENWICH.
i in FIFTH by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Hiitain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting.
Whereas it pleased His late Majesty King Edward the Seventh by Warrant
under His Royal Sign Manual, bearing date the 23rd day of May in the First
Y«;tr of His Hcign to constitute and appoint the President of the Royal
y for the time being, and the President of the Royal Astronomical
1 v for the time being, together with certain other Persons therein named
and described, to be regular Visitors of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.
th.it We have revoked and determined, and do by these Presents
n \oke and determine, the said Appointment, and every clause, article, and
tiling therein contained. And further know ye, that We have been given to
understand that it would contribute very much to the improvement of
Astronomy and Navigation, if We should appoint regular Visitors of Our
Kmal Observatory at Greenwich, with sufficient powers for the execution of
trust. We ha\c, therefore, thought fit, in consideration of the great
THE ROYAL OBSERVATOIH (-REENWICH 299
learning and experience, and other necessary qualifications of the Royal Society and the Royal Astronomical Society, to constitute and appoint, an We do by these Presents constitute and appoint, you —
The President for the time being of the Royal Society,
The President for the time being of the Royal Astronomical S<>< together with Our Right Trusty and Well-bel<>\. <1 ( OUDM llor—
John William, Baron Rayleigh, Member of the Order of Merit, and Our Trusty and Well-beloved—
Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, Knight Commander of Our Most Honourable Order of the Bath,
Sir Arthur William Rucker, Knight,
Sir Joseph Larmor, Knight,
William Grylls Adams, Esquire,
Arthur Schuster, Esquire,
Fellows of the Royal Society ; and —
Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney, Knight Commander of Our M<M Honourable Order of the Bath,
Sir David Gill, Knight Commander of Our Most Honourable Order of the Bath,
Sir Robert Stawell Ball, Knight,
Robert Bellamy Clifton, Esquire,
James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, Esquire,
Edward Ball Knobel, Esquire,
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society ; and —
The Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford for the time being,
The Plumian Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge for the time being,
The Hydrographer of Our Navy for the time being,
to be regular Visitors of Our Royal Observatory at Greenwich during Our pleasure ; provided always, that neither the Astronomer Royal for the time being, nor any of his Assistants shall be a Visitor of Our said Royal Observatory. And we do authorize and require you from time to time to order and direct Our said Astronomer and Keeper of Our said Royal Observatory to make Midi Astronomical Observations and calculations as you in your judgement shall think proper.
And that you do survey and inspect our instruments in Our said Observatory, and as often as any shall be found defective or insufficient for the proriit wants of Astronomy, that you do inform Our Lord High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral, that so the said instruments may either be exchanged or repaired or new ones may be procured. And that you do from time to time make such suggestions and representations to Our Lord High Admiral, or to the Commissioner* lor
300 RKCOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
:ting tlu- Office of Lord High Admiral, touching the said Observatory, and its lihrarv and instruments, the observations and calculations as shall, in \our judgement, be conducive to the credit of Our Observatory and to the promotion of astronomical and natural science.
And Our further will and pleasure is. that Our Astronomer and Keeper of
iid Observatorv for the time being do deliver to you every three months,
jiiiivd bv vou in writing, under the hand of your Chairman, a true and
np\ of all tin- observations he shall have made and of all the calculations
relating to those or other observations made at Our said Observatory. And
that such number of copies of the said observations and calculations be printed
a- Our Lord High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of
I .ord 1 1 igh Admiral, shall consider expedient. And when Our said Astronomer
and the Councils of the said Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society
shall have been supplied with as many copies as they may desire to distribute
for the benefit of science, the remainder shall be sold at such price as Our Lord
High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High
Admiral, shall fix.
And Our further will and pleasure is, that you do meet annually at Our siid Observatory on the first Saturday in the month of June, or, should circumstances render that day inconvenient, on such other day, at that period of the year, as the President of the Royal Society (being a Visitor) may decide, and also at such other times as may seem expedient to the President of the 1 Societ \ (being a Visitor), or if not, to Our Lord High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral. And that at Mich meet ing the President of the Royal Society (being a Visitor) shall take the chair, or in his absence the President of the Royal Astronomical Society (being a Visitor), or in the absence of both the said Presidents, that the memben present shall elect a chairman for the time being among themselves. And that at everv such meeting seven members shall form a quorum.
And Our further will and pleasure is, that you be empowered to appoint
vtary, who shall perform the usual duties of Secretary at your meetings,
hall take charge of your books and papers, and shall receive for his
trouble such stipend as to Our Lord High Admiral, or to the Commissioners
\ ecut ing the Office of Lord High Admiral, shall seem fit. And also that
Our said Lord High Admiral or Commissioners shall be empowered to pay
Mich Minis aa they may think proper, in the nature of reimbursement of
to Mich of the visitors as attend.
1 Our further will and pleasure is, that if any one of Our Visitors (not
h by virtue of his office) shall not attend the Annual Meeting for
« without assigning such an excuse for his absence as shall
be deemed sufficient by a majority of Our Visitors present at a meeting, he
shall cease to be a Visitor; and as often as a vacancy shall occur in the lists of
Visitors selected from the Fellows of the Royal Society or of the Royal
.
Ast:
THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY, GREENWICH 801
Astronomical Society, by death, resignation, or otluruis,, the same shall be filled up by the President of the Society (being a Visitor) in whose li*t ,u, 1, vacancy may have happened, from the Fellows of that a |)!lt ,, M1( j,
President be not a Visitor the appointment shall be made by tin- Coum-il of the Society of which he is President, from the Fellows thereof. And for to doing this shall be your Warrant. And so We bid you farewell.
Given at Our Court at Saint James's, the Eleventh day of Juw I'M", in the First Year of Our Reign. To the President of the Royal Society,'
the President of the Royal Astrono- T»
By His Majesty's Command, mical Society, and the other Persons
herein appointed Visitors of Our
WINSTON S. CHURCHILL.
Royal Observatory of Greenwich.
VI. KEW OBSERVATORY.
This Observatory is situated in the Old Deer Park, Richmond. Tin present building was erected by King George III in 1769 for the purpose of observing the transit of Venus which occurred in that year. It was maintained by Government until the year 1842 when it passed into the hands of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which continued to manage it through a committee until 1871, when the Chairman of the Commit tec placed in the hands of the Royal Society as trustees an endowment of ^1(),(XK'. The Society then took over the control of the Observatory, and appointed a Committee to administer the endowment and supervise the scientific work of the Observatory. This arrangement continued until 1899 when the Observa- tory was incorporated with the National Physical Laboratory (see pp. 179, 289), and the Kew Observatory Committee as a scientific body was dissolved. A com- mittee, however (known as the Gassiot Committee), whose members were alx> members of the Executive Committee of the Laboratory, continued to watch over the Gassiot Fund, and to pay the proceeds thereof to the National Phv>i- cal Laboratory.
In course of time it was found that some alteration of this organization was required. Accordingly a new scheme for the Management of Kew Observatory, with other Observatories, was framed, which came into operation on July 1, 1910. Under this scheme the Gassiot Committee, appointed by the Royal Society to administer the Gassiot Trust Fund, was reconstituted as a Scientific Committee for the purpose of recommending observations and researches in magnetism, seismology, meteorology, and geophysics to be carried out at Kew, Eskdalemuir, and Valencia Observatories, which were now placed under the general direction of the Meteorological Committee (see p. 302). The proceeds of the Gassiot Trust Fund, and the grant in aid made by the Treasury to the Royal Society for Eskdalemuir Observatory, are used in >uch manner as tlic
:*<):> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
:,it Committee may approve for the maintenance of these observations and roearcho, in augmentation of the sums assigned for the purpose by the
Meteorological Committee.
VII. THK MKTKOKOI,O(;ICAL COMMITTEE.
The present Meteorological Committee is the official descendant of the orological Department of the Board of Trade, established in 1854, the history of which is given in the Report by the Committee of Inquiry nominated hv the Koval Society, the Board of Trade, and the Admiralty, respectively, which was printed and presented to Parliament in 1866. This Department • ;ipcrsedcd in 1807 by the Meteorological Committee of the Royal Society. In 1877 the Committee transferred their charge to the Meteorological Council, a paid bodv, consisting of a chairman and four members, nominated by the President and Council of the Royal Society, and approved by the Lords Com- mi»ioners of the Treasury, with the Hydrographer of the Admiralty as an official member. In 1905 the Meteorological Council was replaced by a Com- mittee appointed by H.M. Treasury, and containing two representatives of the Royal Society. The Gassiot Committee above described co-operates with t hi> Meteorological Committee in promoting the scientific study of the branches of science to which the Gassiot Trust relates, viz. Meteorology, Terrestrial M ' -i ict ism, Atmospheric Electricity, Seismology, and the cognate subjects.
VIII. THE BOTANIC GARDENS, CHELSEA, FORMERLY KNOWN AS
' THE PHYSICK GARDEN \
In February 1721 (1722 new style) Sir Hans Sloane by a deed, one part of which is in the possession of the Society, granted unto and to the use of the Society of Apothecaries for ever, subject to a yearly rent of £5 and to certain conditions, a plot of ground formerly leased to that Society by Lord Cheyne, and known as ' The Physick Garden \ The most important condition is ' That the Garden should at all times hereafter be continued as a Physick Garden1 l>\ the Society of Apothecaries, which shall yearly present to the Royal Society 4 fifty specimens or samples of distinct plants, well dryedand preserved, and which grew in the said Garden the same year, together with their respec- ti\c name> or reputed names, ;ind so as the specimens or samples of such plants be diMemit, or specifically distinct, and no one offered twice, until the comple.it Dumber of two thousand plants have been delivered".
The deed further pro\ ides that if these conditions be not fulfilled, or if the
jy shall at any time convert the Garden into buildings for habitations or
lor any other usefl . Physick Garden, Sir Hans Sloane, his heirs and
;itcr and hold the premises in trust for the Royal Society, which,
iiiu-t pay the -aid rent, and in like manner deliver fifty plants from
I'"1 ( • 'initially to the College of Physicians, and if the Royal Society
fail to comply, the Garden, are to beheld in trust for the College of Physicians.
THE BOTANIC GARDENS, CHELSEA :«»:*
subject to the same conditions as those originally imposed on the Society of Apothecaries.
The deed recites that the Society of Apothecaries had • lately resolved upon and sett apart an annuall summe for the maintaining of the " Garden a consideration for the Grant which is not mentioned in tin- abstract ot Deed published in the 'Memoirs of the Botanic Gard.-n at < h, Mr. Henry Field and Dr. R. H. Semple, printed in 1878.
The Society of Apothecaries duly presented in each year fifty distinct plant* to the Royal Society up to 1762, when the number of two thousand was , pleted. After that year plants were still presented up to 1774, when a total of 2,550 plants was attained, and from that date the records of the Roval Society appear to contain no entry concerning the Garden until the year I when the Society of Apothecaries, having expressed to the President of tin- Royal Society their intention of relieving themselves of the responsibility of maintaining the Botanic Gardens at Chelsea, and the matter having been referred to a Committee, the following Minute of Council appears in n-pl\ to an inquiry from the Society of Apothecaries as to the decision of the Council : —
'Oct. 24, 1861. Resolved that thanks be returned to the Master and Wardens of the Society of Apothecaries for their obliging communication, and that they be informed that the President and Council of the Royal Society do not feel in a position to take any steps in the matter referred to, until they receive notice of proceedings on the part of the Heirs of Sir Hans Sloane con- sequent on the determination of the Society of Apothecaries.'
The Garden is said to have contained three acres one rood and thirty-live perches of ground, but this area appears to have been exclusive of the foreshore of the River Thames. On page 88 of the ' Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea' above mentioned, it is stated that so long ago as 1707 directions were given for wharfing the Garden towards the river, and that a similar order was made in 1728. In 1771 an embankment was made at an expense of about <£400. 'This embankment was designed only in order to recover ground which had originally belonged to the Garden, but had in process of time been washed away by the river.'
In 1870 the Chelsea Embankment was constructed, and, as the 'Memoirs' state, the Apothecaries' Society, ' as tenants of the Chelsea Garden,' lost their immediate access to the river and sacrificed their portion of the foreshore, while a road intervened between the garden and the river. As compensation, a handsome wall, railing, and entrance gates facing the Embankment were built by the Metropolitan Board of Works.
It is further stated in the same ' Memoirs ' that a strip of reclaimed land has 'been thrown in with the older portion since the construction of the new river-side embankment'. In 1890 the Royal Society had some cor- respondence with the Society of Apothecaries on occasion of a proposal that
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
tni. (, .hould be sold for building purposes; but the proposal was
abandoned. In l^.'S. however, the Society of Apothecaries became desirous
relieved of the burden of maintaining the Garden, and applied to
( hai-itv Commissioners to formulate a scheme for its administration.
M accordingly drawn up by the Charity Commissioners and
submitted to the Council of the Royal Society. A Committee appointed by
ouiu-il carefully considered the scheme and suggested several modifica-
. which were approved, and the scheme as finally amended was sealed by
the Charity Commissioners on February 21, 1899.
Cnder this scheme the Garden is to be administered exclusively for the
promotion of the study of Botany with special reference to the requirements
neral education, scientific instruction and research in Botany (including
I able Physiology), and instruction in Technical Pharmacology, as far as
t he culture- of medicinal plants is concerned. The Garden is now administered
h v a hod v of Trustees and by a Committee of Management. The Trustees are
the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities, and the Committee of
Management consists of 'seventeen competent persons1, sixteen being
Representative Members, and one being an ex-qfficio or Nominated 'Member.
The Representative Members are appointed as follows: —
Nine by the above-mentioned Trustees, for a term of four years.
( )ne by the Treasury, for a term of five years.
( )ne bv the Lord President of the Council, for a term of five years.
( )ne by the Technical Education Board of the London County Council, for
rm of three years.
One by the Royal Society, for a term of four years. One by the Society of Apothecaries and the Royal College of Physicians, in
turn, for a term of four years. One bv the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, for a term of four
ITS, and
One b\ the Senate of the University of London for a term of four years. The c.r-oflirin Member is ' the person for the time being entitled to the said .I of XT) " under Sir Hans Sloane's Deed of Gift. Under this scheme the Committee is to provide for the maintenance of botanical collections of living plants lor teaching purposes, and, so far as practicable, for the supply of botanical specimens for the purpose of external instruction. The Com- mittee may also provide instruction, by means of lectures or otherwise, in Holnny, with special reference to the requirements of Elementary Education.
IX. Tni; LAWKS AGRICULTURAL TRUST.
Mi r< Is Sir) John Bennet Lawes, soon after entering into possession
of his hereditary property at Rothamsted 1 in 1834, began to make experi-
i is in HfMtfonMiirr. twenty-five miles from London, near Harpenden, on :h»- Midland H;ii!
' • •
I; J
.id appli
•ition.
'ifica- '1 by
i
lent. Tt.
;he Con'
dominated f four yc
. London '
a term
-nt i tied '
I'. Ml \\
THE LAWES A(.H l( I I/I I l{.\l. TIU'ST 305
ments with different manurial substances, first with plants in |x>tN and afterwards in the field. At the outset the researches of De Saussur. vegetation chiefly guided him. Of all hi. experimcntl those gave the most striking results in which the neutral |>h<»|>hate of lime, in lx>nes, hon. and apatite, was rendered soluble by means of Mi]phmi< arid, and tin ture was applied for root-crops. The sucivs-, obtained on a small seal,- in i 1838, and 1839, led to more extensive trials in the field in 1840 and 1H11.
and subsequently. In 1843 more systematic field experiments were conn
and Dr. (afterwards Sir) J. Henry Gilbert became associated with Mr. I jure* in the conduct of the experiments. The foundation of the Kothamsted E\ j mental Station may be said to date from that time (1843).
The Rothamsted station has from the commencement been disconnected from any external organization, and has been maintained entirely at the cost of the late Sir John Lawes, who set apart a sum of .flOO^HH), tin- Laboratory, and certain areas of land, for the continuance of the investiga- tions after his death. In February 1889 Trustees were appointed, and tin- necessary Trust Deed was executed. In accordance with the provisions of tin- Deed, a Committee of Management was soon afterwards appointed, and entered upon its duties. The Trustees are Lord Avebury, F.R.S., Lord Walsingham, E.R.S., and the Right Hon. A. Lyttleton, K.C. The Committee consists ,,f nine members, of whom one is the owner of Rothamsted, four are nominated by the Royal Society, one by the Chemical Society, one by the Linnean Society ; and two by the Royal Agricultural Society of England.
From June 1843 until the death of Sir John Lawes, which occurred in August 1900, Sir J. H. Gilbert was the Director of the Experimental Station and collaborated with Lawes in all the work. Gilbert died in Dec. 1901, and in Oct. 1902 Mr. A. D. Hall, F.R.S., became Director of the Station.
In 1855 the Laboratory was built with the funds collected by public, subscription amongst the agriculturists of England. In 1888 the Sample House was added for the storage of the very large number of samples of experimentally grown crops, soils, &c., that had been accumulated. In 1904 a wing was added to the Laboratory by Mr. J. H. Mason, M.P., for bacteriological investigations upon the soil, and further extensions are now (1912) in progress.
The field experiments were started upon such fields of the Rotham>trd Home Farm as were suitable for the purpose, and five of these fields were con- veyed to the Lawes Agricultural Trust by the provisions of the original Trust Deed. In 1911 a long lease was granted by the late Sir Charles Lawes- Wittewronge of further areas of land adjoining the original experimental fields, so that the Station is now in control of a farm of about 300 acres in area.
The original trust funds have been added to from time to time by various benefactors ; more particularly by the Goldsmiths' Company, which gave in 1907 the sum of ,£10,000 for the endowment of investigations upon soil. The
X
:uw UFA OKI) OF THE HOYAL SOCIETY
Station now al.M> receixes a grant from the Board of Agriculture from the KeM-arch Fund provided by the Development Commissioners.
Tlu' staff nou consists of Director, Chemist, Goldsmiths1 Soil Investigator, Bacteriologist, Botanist, Organic Chemist, and two assistants.
The investigations conducted at Rothamsted may be classified as follows:—
1. Field I'^'pcrnnentn. On the original experimental fields the treatment of the plots has in inanv eases been carried on without break or alteration since and in nearly all eases since 1852. One field is devoted to wheat, a second to barley, a third to root crops, a fourth to leguminous crops, and a fifth to liav. The plan of the experiments has been to divide these fields into plots, eaeh of which receives a different manurial treatment which is repeated year by year, and is so arranged,as to provide all the possible variations in the supply of nutriment to the plant. On another field the same crop is not grown continuously, but a rotation of crops is followed. The effect of the manures upon the yield of the crops may be considered to have been settled long ;lg() by these experimental plots, but they continue to yield material for the investigation of the part played by the different constituents of the plant upon its general nutrition, and upon the composition of crops grown under various conditions of nutriment. The soil has also become profoundly altered bv the long-continued manurial treatment and affords material which throws light upon the behaviour of other soils of naturally abnormal composition. Other experimental fields have since been added to investigate the residue left bv different fertilizers, the effect of green crops and other additions of organic matter to the soil, the value of certain new fertilizers, &c., &c.
.-'. J'\rdin<r Experiments. During the earlier years of the experiments a number of trials with animals were made at Rothamsted in order to determine t he composition of oxen, sheep, and pigs and of their increase in fattening. The relation of food to live weight increase, the relative value in the nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous constituents of food, the relation of nitrogenous food to work, and the sources of fat in the animal's body were determined. These investigations were conducted with all the precision that was then obtainable, and though much of the work has since been superseded by more refined methods of research, they provide many of the fundamental data upon which the theory of animal nutrition was built up.
3. Investigation* o/> the biology of the soil. Much of the earlier work of the Station was concerned with the question of the sources of nitrogen in vege- tation, and the work of Lawes, Gilbert, and Pugh maybe taken to have finally •I the question that the higher plants themselves do not assimilate atmospheric nit rogen. After the discovery by Helreigel and Wilfarth in 1866 of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in symbiosis on the roots of leguminous plants, much of their work was repeated and verified at Rothamsted, and I confirmations of their observations were obtained upon a field Late, work has largely been concerned with the effects of the other
THE LA WES AGRICULTURAL TRUST ;«o:
nitrogen-fixing orgunisnis living free in the soil,. ind from on. ot 'the experimental fields considerable light has been thrown upon tin- origin «>f the lu-cumulated nitrogen in virgin soils. The research of the late K. NVai ington, I .U.S., upon nitrification and the organisms concerned therein was conducted in the Kothamsted Laboratory. Latterly the existence in the soil of another group of larger organisms which reduce its fertility by keeping in check the develop- ment of bacteria has been demonstrated, and this sul,j(,t i> no\\ under investi- gation, both in the laboratory and in the field.
4. Mbce&aneous. Other investigations have dealt with the botanical t . position of the herbage of meadows and the change brought about by manurial and other treatment, the nitrogen constituents of rain and drainage waters the effects of plant growth and of manures upon the acidity or alkalinity of the soil, the removal of calcium carbonate from the soil, and the effect* of manures and soils upon the composition of farm crops.
X. STANDARD WKICIITS AND MEASURES.
The Imperial Standard Yard and Pound in actual use for all important comparisons are at the Standards Office. Four copies of each of them are deposited in other places in case of injury or loss of the standards. One set of copies is in the custody of the Royal Society.
x 2
KKl'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
XI. Km CATIOXAL INSTITUTIONS. UNIVERSITIES.
Hoard- of Klector.- to the— x
i.-ui Profe-.-. or>hip of Geometry
Savilian Profes.-or-hip of Astronomy
Sedleian Profe-or>hip of Natural Philosophy
Professorship of Kxperimental Philosophy
\\ ykeham Professorship of Physic.-,
U'aynflete Professorship of CluMiiistry
Waynflete Professorship of Mineralogy
Professorship of Ueolotry. ( anihridire. Hoard of Klectors to the —
Lowndean Professorship of Astronomy ami Geometry Liverpool I'niversity Court, one representative named by the Council of the Royal Society. Bristol University Court , „ » » » »
The I^-esident of the Royal Society is an t',r ofticio member.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
hodie> of :
Charterhouse School, one representative appointed by the Council of the Royal Society.
Christ's Hospital, „ „ » » »
Duhvich College, ,, ,, >•> » »
Kton Colleiri'. „ „ jj « »
Harrow School, ,, „ » » »
Ku^by School, ,, „ ,> )) »
Shrewsbury School, ,, „ ,, ,, ,,
\\'estminst.er School, „ „ ,, » >,
Winchester ('oil eye, ., J? » » »
( )THER INSTITUTIONS.
Athenaeum Club (( ominittee). Tlie President. K.f qfficio.
Hritish Museum (Trustee). „ „
City and (luilds of London Institute
••vernor). „ ,,
Hunterian Museum (Trustee). Imperial ( ancer Research Fund. Imperial College of Science and Tech- nology.
Li-ter Institute of I'reventive Medicine. Military Education (Advisory Hoard). I'layue in India (Advisory Committee). Soane Museum. Tropical Di-ea-e- Advis»»ry Hoard. „ „ ,,
The President of the Royal Society is also c,r officJo an honorary member of the Royal Iri-h Academy.
Two representatives appointed by the Council.
One representative appointed by the Council. Two representatives appointed by the Council. One representative appointed by the Council. Two representatives appointed by the Council. One representative appointed by the Council.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS
1 named and Roval
al Fellows.
Date of Election
Apr. 22
May 20
1663
Brouncker, William, Viscount, President.
Moray, Sir Robert, Kt.
Boyle, Robert.
Brereton, William ; afterwards Lord.
Digby, Sir Kenelm, Kt.
Talbot, Sir Gilbert, Kt.
Neile, Sir Paul, Kt.
Slingsby, Henry.
Petty, Sir William, Kt.
Clarke, Timothy, M.D.
Wilkins, John,D.D., Secretary ; afterwards Bp. of Chester.
Ent, George, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Erskyn (Aerskine), William.
Goddard, Jonathan, M.D.
Balle, William, Treasurer.
Wren, Matthew.
Evelyn, John.
Henshaw, Thomas.
Palmer, Dudley.
Hill, Abraham.
Oldenburg, Henry, Secretary.
Alleyn, John.
Annesley, James, Lord.
Ashmole, Elias.
Austen, John.
Awbrey, John.
Ball, Peter.
Barrow, Isaac, D.D.
Bate, George, M.D.
Bayne, Thomas, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Berkeley, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl.
Boyle, Richard.
Brook, John ; afterwards Bt.
Bruce, David, M.D.
Bruce, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Aylesbury.
Buckingham, George, Duke of.
1 The Old Style calendar is observed ; until 1752 the year begins on March 26.
KKC'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Original Fellows.
Date of Klcctioii
1663 (continued}
( 'a \ nulls! i, William, Lord; afterwards Dukeof Devonshire.
Charlton, Walter, M.D.
(May ton, John ; afterwards Kt.
Col wall, Daniel.
Cotton, Edward, D.D.
(\>\e, Thomas, M.D.
Crawford and Lyndsay, John, Earl of.
('room-, William, M.D.
Denham, Sir John, Kt. of the Bath.
Devonshire, William, Earl of.
Dorchester, Henry, Marquess of.
Dryden, John (the poet).
Ellis, Andrew.
Fane, Sir Francis, Kt. of the Bath.
Finch, Sir John, Kt.
Glisson, Francis, M.D.
Graunt, John.
Haak, Theodore.
Hammond, William.
Harley, Sir Robert, Kt.
Hatton, Christopher, Lord.
Hayes, James ; afterwards Kt.
Henshaw, Nathaniel, M.D.
Iloare, William, M.D.
Holder, William, D.D.
Hooke, Robert ; afterwards LL.D.
Hoskins, John ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1682).
Howard, Charles.
Jones, Richard ; afterwards Earl of Ranelagh.
Kincardine, Alexander, Earl of.
King, Sir Andrew, Kt.
Le Febure, Nicasius.
Long, James ; afterwards Bt.
Lowther, Anthony.
Lucas, John, Lord.
Massareene, John, Viscount.
Merret, Christopher, M.D.
Morgan, Sir Anthony, Kt.
Needham, Jasper, M.D.
Neile, William.
Northampton, James, Earl of.
Nott, Sir Thomas, Kt.
Packer, Philip.
Pa.ton, Sir Robert, Bt. and K.B. ; afterwards Earl of
Yarmouth. Pell, John, D.D. IV.xall, Sir William, Kt. Pelt, Peter.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>I I KLLows
ml Fellows.
Date qf Election
May 20
June 22
July 1
5»
8
15
22
» 29
Aug. 5 19
1663 (cnnfwn.;!)
Pett, Sir Peter, Kt.
Pope, Walter, M.D.
Povey, Thomas.
Powle, Henry.
Powle, Sir Richard, K.H.
Proby, Henry.
Quatremain, William, M.D.
Sandwich, Edward, Earl of.
Scarburgh, Charles, M.D. ; afterwanU Kt.
Schroter, William.
Shaen, Sir James, Kt. and Bt.
Smyth, George, M.D.
Southwell, Robert ; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S. 1690).
Sprat, Thomas ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of Rochester.
Stanhope, Alexander.
Stanley, Thomas.
Terne, Christopher, M.D.
Tuke, Samuel ; afterwards Kt.
Vermuyden, Cornelius ; afterwards Kt.
Waller, Edmund.
Wallis, John, D.D.
Ward, Seth, Bishop of Exeter.
Whistler, Daniel, M.D.
Williamson, Joseph; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S. 1677).
Willughby, Francis.
Winthrop, John.
Wren, Christopher, D.C.L. agd LL.D. ; afterwards Kt.
(P.R.S. 1680). Wren, Thomas, M.D. Wyche, Sir Cyril, Kt. (P.R.S. 1683). Wyche, Sir Peter, Kt. Wylde, Edmund. Wynde, William. Birkenhead, Sir John, Kt. Bysshe, Sir Edward, Kt. Huyghens, Christian. Sorbiere, Samuel.
Isham, Sir Justinian, Bt.
Power, Henry, M.D.
Fraizer, Alexander, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Vabres de Fresars, V. Beaufort.
Harley, Sir Edward, Kt. of the Bath.
Ford, Henry ; afterwards Kt.
Talbot, Sir John, Kt.
Waterhouse, Edward.
Ashley, Antony, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury.
Bathurst, Ralph, M.D. ; afterwards D.D.
KKCOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1664N.S.]
[ 1665 N.S.]
Date of
/•'.l<rtion
Aug. 19
Nov. 4 11
n
18
Dec. 9 16
Jan. 6 27
Feb. 3 Mar. 23
Mar. 30 Apr. 20 May 25 June 1 Nov. 2
9
23
»
Dec. 7 14
21 28
Jan. <)
18
K
15 22
1663 (continued)
Bral. .John ; afterwards D.I).
Pettus, Sir John, Bt.
Argyle, Archibald, Earl of.
Coxe, Thomas.
(lomeldon, William.
Potter, Rev. Francis.
Peterborough, Henry, Earl of.
Willis, Thomas, M.I).
Leighton, Sir Ellis, Kt.
Creed, John.
Dungarvan, Charles, Lord.
Lowther, Sir John, Bt.
Smith (Smyth), Edward.
Tweeddale, John, Earl of.
Williams, Roger.
Burnet (Burnett), Gilbert; aft. D.D. and Bp. of Salisbury
Carkess, James.
1664
Hevelius, Johannes (recte Hewelcke).
Vossius, Rev. Isaacus; afterwards D.C.L.
More, Henry, D.D.
Neale, Thomas.
Godolphin, William ; afterwards Kt.
Hoare, James.
Newburgh, John.
Woodford, Samuel.
Atkyns, Sir Robert, Kt.
Cutler, Sir John, Kt.
Bagenall, Nicholas.
Thynne, Thomas ; afterwards Bt. and Viscount Wey-
mouth.
Harvey, John. Glanvill, Rev. Joseph. Rolt, Thomas. Slanning, Sir Nicholas, K.B. Churchill, Sir Winston, Kt. Portman, Sir William, Kt, Bt., and K.B. Albemarle, George, Duke of. King Charles II (Founder).
York, James, Duke of ; afterwards King James II. Stafford, William, Viscount. Brunswick, Ferdinand Albert, Duke of. Clarendon, Kdwanl, Karl of. Illount, Colonel Thomas. IVpys, Samuel (P.R.S. 1684). Carteret, Philip ; afterwards Kt. Daniel, M.I).
CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,1STKK <>1 I KLLo\VS 318
[1667 N.S.]
|
Date of Election |
1664 (continued) |
|
Mar. 22 |
Sheldon, Gill)ert, D.D., Archbishop <>t '( '.-intrrlmry. |
|
>? |
Rupert, Prince. |
|
1665 |
|
|
Mar. 29 |
Stearne, Richard, D.D., Archbishop of York. |
|
H |
Henchman, Humphrey, D.D., Bishop of I Bunion. |
|
» |
Dolben, John, D.D., Dean of Westmii^t vards |
|
Abp. of York. |
|
|
May 3 |
Corbet, Sir Richard, Bt. |
|
»» |
Dorset, Richard, Earl of. |
|
10 |
De Vaux, Sir Theodore, Kt. |
|
>» |
Manchester, Edward, Earl of. |
|
17 |
Hayward, Sir William, Kt. |
|
24 |
Thruston, Malachy, M.D. |
|
June 14 |
Carlisle, Charles, Earl of. |
|
28 |
De Dumas, Vital. |
|
j? |
De Lionne, Hugues Louis. |
|
Mar. 21 |
Cock, Captain George. |
|
•>t |
Harrington, William. |
|
1666 |
|
|
May 9 23 |
Copplestone, John. Yester, John, Lord ; afterwards Marquess of Tweeddale. |
|
Auzout, Adrian. |
|
|
Crisp, Thomas ; afterwards Kt. |
|
|
June 13 |
Parker, Samuel ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of Oxford. |
|
27 July 18 |
Nelthorpe, Edward. King, Edmond ; afterwards M.D. and Kt. |
|
Aug. 29 Nov. 14 |
Stormont, David, Viscount. Laney, Benjamin, Bishop of Lincoln ; afterwards of Ely. |
|
Mercator, Nicholas. |
|
|
Robartes, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Radnor. |
|
|
21 28 |
Lindsey, Robert, Earl of. Howard, Henry ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk. |
|
Dec. 12 |
Morley, George, Bishop of Winchester. Rycaut, Paul ; afterwards Kt. |
|
Feb. 14 Mar. 14 |
Lake, Thomas. Pearson, John, D.D. ; afterwards Bishop of Chester |
|
(Exposition of the Creed). |
|
|
1667 |
|
|
Mar. 28 |
Clifton, Sir Clifford, Kt. and Bt. |
|
Apr. 4 |
Bullialdus, Ismael (rectt Bulliau). |
|
A |
Petit, Pierre. |
|
Smethwick, Francis. |
|
|
May 16 |
Skippon, Philip ; afterwards Kt. |
|
30 |
Harley, Thomas. |
:*1 I-
KKCORI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date <>f 1'lhrtion
Juni
»» Oct
17
Nov. 7
[1668 N.S.]
Dec. 5
» Jan. 2
Feb. 6
[1669 NA]
13 20
Apr. 9 16
» 30
May 14
28 June 11
Aug. 6 . 5
Dec. 3
10 Jan. 14
1667 (continued}
, Sir Bernard, Bt. (rectc Bernardo Guasconi). Needham. \Valter, M.D. Curtius. Sir William, Kt. and Bt. Berkeley, Sir Maurice, Kt. and Bt. Key mes. Col. Bullen. Lower. Richard, M.D. Collins. John. Beringhen, Theodor yon. Clerke, Henry, M.D. Stuart (Stewart), Sir Nicholas, Bt. Wruy, John, M.A. (Ray after 1670). A^lionby, William, M.D. Leyonbergh, Johann. SoaiiK-, William. Ubaldini, Count Carlo. Berkeley, Sir Charles, Bt. ; afterwards Earl. Oudart, Nicholas. l)u Moulin, Jacques, M.D. Downes, John, M.D. Brown, Edward, M.D. Con way, Edward, Lord. Eustace, Sir Maurice, Kt. Hotham, Rev. Charles. Straftbrde, William, Earl of. Allen, Thomas, M.D. Le Hunt, William.
Flower, .
Ward, Esay.
1668
Cuulia, Don Antonio Alvares da.
Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of.
Harby, Sir Erasmus, Bt.
Flatman, Thomas.
Woodroff'e, Benjamin ; afterwards D.D.
( 'olwall, John.
Colepeper (Collepepyr), Thomas.
(iregory (Gregorie), James.
Ardrnie, James, D.D.
Courtliope, Peter.
Howard, Edward (of Norfolk).
Fit/lianlinge, Maurice, Viscount.
Lucy, Sir Kingsmill, Bt.
Locke, John.
l-'inch, Daniel.
Chamberlayne, Edward ; afterwards LL.D. and D.C.L. Hanks, Sir John, Bt.
Titus, Col.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKK <>1 FELLOWS 815
Date of Election
1668 (continued}
Jan. 21 28 Feb. 4 Mar. 4
Oct. 28 Nov. 18
Dec. 9
Apr. 21 Dec. 15 Mar. 23
Nov. 2
Jan. 11 18 25
May 22 Oct. 30 Nov. 6
Apr. 9
j» June 4
Nov. 6
» 27
Dec. 11
»*
Inure, .lame-.
rlorneck, Anthony ; afU-i -\\urd- D.I) Castle, George, M.D. Malpighi, Marcello.
1669 Jeffreys, Edward. Harrington, Thoma-. Hiarne, Urban. Souza, Don Gas par Mere/ de. Stiernhielm, Georg.
1670
Helmfeld, Gustuviis. Monceaux, Andre. Williams, Sir John, Kt. and Bt. Matthews, Sir Philip, Bt.
1671
Reading, Robert ; afterwards Bt. Lister, Martin ; afterwards M.D. Grew, Nehemiah, M.D. Newton, Isaac ; Kt. in 1705 (P.R.S. 1703). Holies, Capt. Sir Frescheville, Kt. *
Tillotson, John, D.D. ; afterwards Archbishop of Can- terbury.
1672
Cassini, Jean Dominique.
Vernon, Francis.
Howard, Henry, Ld., of Castle Rising; afterwards
Duke of Norfolk. Howard, Thomas.
1673
Bernard, Edward, B.D.
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von.
Herbert, Lord Charles ; afterwards Marquess of Woi
cester.
Howard, John Stafford. Isham, Sir Justinian, Bt. Lawrence, Sir John, Kt. Ford, Sir Richard, Kt. Player, Sir Thomas, Kt. Winn, Rowland.
Birch, Andrew ; afterwards M.D. Robartes, Francis. ^ Strangeways, Col. Giles.
31 <>
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1675 N.S.;
[1676 N>
[1677 N.S.]
[1678N.S.)
|
Date of t'ton |
1673 (continued) |
|
Dec. 11 |
Le Gassick, John, M.D. |
|
» |
Slusius, Henatus Franciscus, |
|
Castell, Edmund, D.D. |
|
|
1674 |
|
|
Nov. 30 |
Jcnkes, Henry ; afterwards D.D. |
|
Dec. 3 |
.Moore, Sir Jonas, Kt. |
|
Jan. 14 |
^WHiichcote, Sir Paul, Bt. |
|
?» |
Millcs, Daniel, B.D. |
|
Feb. 18 |
Percivale, Sir Philip, Bt. |
|
1675 |
|
|
Nov. 30 1-Vb. 10 |
Halifax, George, Viscount ; afterwards Marquess of. Mapletoft, John, M.D. ; afterwards D.D. |
|
»> |
Sheers, Capt. Henry. |
|
?» |
Hall, Henry. |
|
JJ |
Travagino, Francesco. |
|
1676 |
|
|
Nov. 30. |
Edgcumbe, Sir Richard, Bt. |
|
5» |
Clutterbuck, Sir Thomas, Kt. |
|
J> |
King, John. |
|
Feb. 8 |
Croke, Sir George, Kt. |
|
?5 ?5 |
Baldwin, Christopher Adolphus. Flam steed, John. |
|
>? |
Colwall, Daniel. |
|
« |
Ent, George. |
|
)J |
Hill, Oliver. |
|
1677 |
|
|
Dec. 6 |
Wyndham, . |
|
» |
Gale, Thomas, D.D. ) |
|
»> |
Plot, Robert, D.C.L. (adm.) |
|
19 |
Smith, Thomas ; afterwards D.D.J |
|
13 |
ColU-ton, Sir Peter, Kt. |
|
»» |
Herbert, John. |
|
95 |
Wheler, George ; afterwards Bt. and D.D. |
|
Jan. 17 |
Langham, Sir .lames, Bt. |
|
j> |
Kcckrini^ius, Theodorus. |
|
81 |
Chetwynd, Walter. |
|
?> |
Dickenson, Edmund, M.D. |
|
I-.-inc. JoM-ph. |
|
|
1678 |
|
|
80 |
«»M, 1-Yanris. |
|
«• |
M;i\ou. John, D.C.L. |
|
Nan (!•• Bcind«-, Jolin. |
|
|
« |
Prrry, \Villiam. |
CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,ISTKK
I KLLOWS :U7
.S.J
180 N.S.]
Date of Election
Nov. 30
Feb. 6
20
Dec. 1
18 Jan. 29
Feb. 5 Mar. 12
Apr. 1
29 Dec. 16
Apr. 6
JJ
27
Nov. 9
1678 (continued)
Cliiverus, Dethlevus.
Halley, Edmund; afterward-
Capt. R.N., and D.C.L. Moxon, Joseph. Hannisius, David. Spanheim, Ezekiel von. Sheridan, Thomas. Waller, Sir William.
1679
Tyson, Edward, M.D.
Paman, Henry, M.D.
Naper, William.
Sarotti, Giovanni Ambro*io.
Bridgeman, William.
Pigot, Thomas.
Heusch, Johann Christian, M.D.
Firmin, Thomas.
Hough ton, John.
Leeuwenhoeck, Antonj van.
Perkins, Peter.
Moore, Jonas.
1680
Nelson, Robert. Clenche, Andrew, M.D. Wood, Capt. John, R.N. Pighius, Jacobus, M.D. Slare, Frederick, M.D. (adm.).
1681
Wood, Robert, D.C.L. Deane, Sir Anthony, Kt. Chamberlen, Hugh, M.D. Perci vale, Sir John, Bt. Meredith, Roger. Rogers, John. Salusbury, Oliver.
Novell, , Dr.
Ward, Sir Patience, Kt.
Waller, Richard.
Sambrooke, Jeremy ; afterwards Kt.
Braddon, Laurence.
Goodwyn, .
Jordis, John Philip, M.D.
Eve, Henry.
Payne, William.
Penn, William (Founder of Pennsylvania).
Autronum. -t Royal,
KKCOR1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1684 N.8.]
1 1685 N.S.]
Date Klection
Nov.
30
Dec. 7 14
Apr. X»G July 12 Nov. s
29 30
Dec. 13
20
May 2
July 4 18 25
Nov. 30
Mar. 19
Apr. .'50 Nov. 12
vi 19
55
55 55
Inn. :>1
May 13
1681 (continued)
(iwyiine, Sir Rowland, Kt. ('mil, Jodocus, M.D. Robinson, Richard, M.D. I todwik, Francis. Lfti, Gregorio. Dorislaus, Isaac. Jush-1, Henry, D.C.L. Blackburne, Samuel.
1682
Haddu, Muhammad ibn (Moroccan Ambassador).
Mills, Walter, M.D. '
Turner, John.
Pager, Edward.
Papin, Denis, M.D.
Borghese, Marcantonio, Principe.
Faria, Giuseppe de.
Chardin, Sir John, Kt.
Beuninghen, Conrad van.
Pitt, Roberh, M.D.
1683
Gould, William.
Haynes, Edward.
Wetenhall, Edward, D.D., Bp. of Cork and Ross.
Moulin, Allen, M.D.
Willughby, Charles, M.D.
Vincent, Nathaniel, D.D.
Bailey, Arthur.
Musgrave, William, B.C.L.; since M.D.
1684
Munchausen, Benjamin von. D'Ablancourt, Fremont. Monson, James. Beaumont, Richard. Baker, Rev. Thomas. Pitfeild, Alexander.
Robinson, Tancred ; afterwards Kt. and M.D. Clarendon, Henry, Karl of.
Vaughan, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Carbery (P.H.S. 10H6). . Hans, M.I). ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1727).
1685
Pembroke and Montgomery, Thomas, Earl of (P.R.S.
1689). Villermont, Esprit Cabart de.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>1 1 I 1 I < )\\ S :n-.i
Date of Election
1685 (contit,,
May 13
Nov. 25 Feb. 3
Nov. 3
«
17 Dec. 8 Mar. 9
Dec. 14
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Dec. 1
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Beaumont, John.
Leigh, Charles, M.D.
Bulkeley, Sir Richard. Hi.
Gordon, Sir Robert, Bt.
Molyneux, William.
Ashe, St. George; afterwards D.I), ami Up. «.!' Clogher.
1686
Molyneux, Thomas, M.B.; afterwards Bt.
Harwood, John ; afterwards I.L.I).
Havers, Clopton, M.D.
Mears, — — .
Sylvius, Jacobus, M.D.
1687
Valvasor, Johann Weikhard, Freiherr von. Wotton, William ; afterwards D.D. Hautefeuille, Jean de. Middleton, Benjamin. Duillier, J. Nicolas Fatio de.
1688
Pechlin, Joannes Nicolaus, M.D.
Vieussens, Raymond, M.D.
Stampfer, Joannes Adamus.
Adair, John.
Clayton, Sir Robert, Kt.
Stillingfleet, Edward ; afterwards M.D.
Gresham, Charles.
1689
Witsen, Nicolaus. Stanley, William, D.D. Raphson, Joseph. Moult, George.
Grandi, Jacomo.
1690
1691
JJW*
Copley, Sir Godfrey, Kt. and Bt. (Founder of the Copley
Medal). Day, Thomas. Torriano, Alessandro; afterwards LL.D.
1692
Trumbull, Sir William, Kt., D.C.L. Isaac (Issac), Dr. Charles ; afterwards Kt.
320
KECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Dtif tlon |
|
|
Nov. |
|
|
55 |
|
|
•• |
|
|
«• |
|
|
Dee. |
M 14 |
|
Nov. |
30 |
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Nov. |
30 |
|
•• |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Oct. Nov. |
23 27 |
|
55 |
|
|
55 30 |
|
|
n |
|
|
Dee. |
55 18 |
|
Apr. |
29 |
|
n |
|
|
55 |
|
|
n |
|
|
55 |
|
1692 (continual}
Heinson, .lohaiin Theodor.
Lany, Rev. Edward ; afterwards D.D.
Southwell, Ivlward.
Gregory (Grei;orie), David, M.D.
Hlaekwell, Jonas.
Lane, Ralph.
Douglas, Lord George (adm.).
Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, Conte.
Dolaeus, Joannes. M.D.
Tarbat, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Cromarty.
Panle, Louis, M.D.
1693
Woodward, John, M.D.
Briggs, Robert.
Kirke, Thomas.
Henley, John.
Radnor, Charles Bodvill, Earl of.
Willoughby, Sir Thomas, Bt. ; afterwards Ld. Middleton
Franck-von-Franckenau, Georg.
Wren, Christopher.
1694
Brydges, James ; afterwards Duke of Chandos. Jackson, John. Gordon, Patrick.
1695
Bottoni, Domenico, M.D.
Doody, Samuel. j
Petiver, James. I (adm.).
Connor, Bernard, M.D.
Del Bene, Tommaso.
Montagu, Charles ; afterwards Earl of Halifax
(P.R.S. 1695). [-(adm.).
Bentley, Richard ; afterwards D.D. Pnjolas. Moise.
1696
Smith, Kdward, D.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Down and
Connor (adm.).
Searlot ti, Pomponio, Barone di. Viviani, Vinren/o. I'ornassari, Ippolito A. Bridgeman, Orlando; afterwards Kt. Hyrd, William.
Harris, John ; afterwards D.D. Bon-Flgliolo, Silvestro.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 8*1
t698 N.S.]
1699 N.S.]
Date of Election
Apr. 29 July 15
Nov. 30
55 55
Nov. 30
55
55 55
Mar. 23
55 55 55 55 55 55
July 6
Nov. 9
55
30
Jan. 11
55 55 55 55 55 55
30
1696 (contintvd)
Bidloo, Gothofridus, M.I).
Foley, Thomas; afterwards Lord !'<•!
Lowndes, Ralph.
Chad wick, .
Ryley, Philip ; afterwards Kt.
Spoleti, Francesco.
Petty, Henry ; afterwards Earl of Shelburne.
Bernard, Charles.
Newey, John.
Cockburn, William, M.D.
Howard, Hugh.
1697
Basnage de Beauval, Jac(jiu->.
Hutton, John, M.D.
De Moivre, Abraham.
Stepney, George.
Thoresby, Ralph.
Cassini, Jacques.
Prior, Matthew (the poet).
Lucy, Sir Berkeley, Bt.
Guglielmini, Domenico.
Emmet, Maurice.
Fryer, John, M.D.
Moles worth, Robert; afterwards Viscount Molesworth.
1698
Becker, Balthasar, M.D.
Baglivi, Giorgio.
Geoffroy, Estienne Fra^ois.
Reay, George, Lord.
Seafield, James, Viscount ; afterwards Earl of Finlater.
Norris, Edward, M.D.
Stanley, John ; afterwards Kt. and Bt.
Isted, Thomas.
Haistwell, Edward.
Somers, John, Lord (P.R.S. 1698).
Spencer, Charles, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Sunderland.
Dorset, Charles, Earl of.
Shirley, R.
Worth, George.
Agricola, George Andre.
Krieg, David, M.D.
Williams, .
Cowper, William.
1699
Browne, Thomas, M.D. Bowes, Martin.
V
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1702N.S.]
[1703 N.S.]
1 Bourdelin ap- pean in the an- nnal lists from 1708 until 1710. On Juno 28, 1711. his death was an-
was
ordered that his name shou 1
•
list.
' ton's name appears in the annual list 1708
|
Date of lion |
1699 (continued) |
N
Dec. 20
Oct. 30 Nov. 30
Nov. 30
JJ
Dec. 3
JJ
31
Jan. 14 Mar. 18
May 6
Nov. 30
Feb. 3
p
i
May 2 Nov. 30
Buissiere, Paul. Silvestre, Pierre. Menkenius, Johann Burchard. Cunningham, James. Lonsdale, John, Viscount. Pound, James, M.B.
1700
Hammond, Anthony (adm.).
Sperling, Otto.
Cyprianus, Abraham, ^l.D.
Sydenham, Sir Philip, Bt., M.D.
du Bois, Charles.
Keill, John, M.D.
1701
Drake, James, M.D.
Leyoncrona, Christ, de.
Percivale, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Earl of Egmont.
Shadwell, John, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. (adm.).
Arthington, Cyril (adm.).
Le Vassor, Michael (adm.).
Cheyne, George ; afterwards M.D.
De la Pryme, Abraham.
1702
Tompson, Robert.
Vernon, .
Chamberlayne, John. Lowthorp, John. Young, James.
Ludlow, .
Chardellou, Jean. Derham, William.
1 Bourdelin, Claude, M.D.
2 Hotton, Pieter.
3 Boothe,Peniston; afterwards D.D. and Dean of Windsor.
1703
Breynius, Johannes Philippus. Hickes, John. Morland, Joseph, M.D. Dudley, Sir Matthew, Bt. Morton, Rev. John. M< ad, Richard, M.D. Ai-okim-, Robert, M.D. Oliver, William, M.I).
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS
h»rter-Book mission, but une does not ur in any an-
liBt.
706 N.S.]
lected June 5, >rding to the rnal-Book, but i not appear in annual list.
Date of Election
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Feb. 13
Apr. 3
99 99
99 99
June 5
Nov. 20
99 99
99
1703 (continued)
Shaw, Joseph.
Hodgson, James.
Stubs, Rev. Philip.
Valisnieri, Antonio.
Rivinus, August Quirinus, M.D.
Scheuchzerus, Joannes Jacobus, M.I).
Timone, Emanuele, M.D.
Robartes, Russell.
1704
George of Denmark, Prince. Morland, Samuel. Fuller, John. Fellowes, William. Tooke, Andrew.
Annesley, .
Clavell, Walter. Arbuthnot, John, M.D.
1705
Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, Kt.
Mortimer, John.
Lennard, Dacre Barret.
Hauksbee, Francis.
Thorpe, John ; afterwards M.D.
Worsley, Henry.
King, William, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.
Nicolson, William, Bp. of Carlisle ; afterwards Abp. of
Cashel.
Buys, Willem. Burnet, William.
Bisse, Philip; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of Hereford. Savery, Capt. Thomas.
1706
Cowper, William ; afterwards Earl.
Townshend, Charles, Viscount.
Poulett, John, Earl.
Orrery, Charles, Earl of.
Duillier, Jean Christophe Fatio de.
Brian9on, Comte de.
Guiscard, Antoine, Marquis de.
Van Vrijberge, Willem.
1 Garth, Samuel, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Gallucci, .
Lancisi, Giuseppe Maria, M.D. Douglas, James, M.D. Wanley, Humphrey.
Y2
:;•_' 1
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[ 1707 N.S.]
Date of Election
Nov. 20 Dec. 4
Mar. 19
May 28
» Dec. 1
Apr. 7
May 12 Nov. 30
May 4
1706 (continued}
Shippen, Robert ; afterwards D.D.
Nicholson, Col. Francis.
Sherard, James ; afterwards Hon. M.D.
Forster, Thomas.
Knight, John.
Frankland, Thomas.
Frankland, William.
Holt, Rowland.
Morland, Benjamin.
1707
Roxburghe, John, Duke of.
Montrose, James, Duke of.
Trevor, Sir Thomas, Kt. ; afterwards Lord.
Ayres, Thomas.
Venables, James.
Hoy, Thomas, M.D.
Plumptre, Henry, M.D.
1708
Pratt, Benjamin, D.D.
Woodford, Thomas.
Mills, Thomas, B.D., Bishop of Waterford.
Markham, Sir George, Bt.
Hamilton, Sir David, M.D., Kt.
Williams, .
Bridges, John.
Whalley, Thomas.
Stamford, Thomas, Earl of.
Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of.
Cornaro, Francesco.
Lavater, Jean Rodrigue, M.D.
Fellowes, William.
Balle, Robert.
Tighe, Richard.
Lawrence, Sir Edward, Kt.
Foley, Richard.
Tilli, Michael Angelo, M.D.
Lloyd, Owen.
Ayres, Charles Nicholas.
Hutcheson, Archibald.
1709
Magalotti, Conte Lorenzo.
Cressener, Henry.
Newton, Henry, D.C.L. ; afterwards Kt.
Leopold, Jean Frederic, M.D.
Grandi, Guido.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 8*5
1712 N.S.]
Date of Ekctwn
May 4
Nov. 8
91
Nov. 30
Nov. 30
Mar. 20
Oct. 23
1709
Hunter, Col. Robert. Tufnell, Samuel.
1710
Bianchi, Vendramin. Wolfius, Jean Christian. Barnes, Joshua, B.D. Brigs tocke, Owen. Machin, John. Tanner, Joseph. Poleni, Giovanni. Geekie, Alexander.
1711
Hill, Rev. Samuel. Collet, Philibert. Gyllenborg, Carl, Count. Sandilands, Alexander, M.D. Wyvill, Sir Marmaduke, Bt.
Linda, .
Douglas, Col. Walter. Bonet, Ludwig Friedrich. Bellers, Fettyplace. Cheselden, William. Craig, John. Jones, William. Cotes, Roger. Greene, Thomas. Parker, Sir Thomas, Kt.
Earl of Macclesfield. Dupplin, George, Viscount; afterwards E. of Kmnoull. Harley, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Oxford. Taylor, Brook ; afterwards LL.D. Freind, John, M.D.
Sprat, Yen. Thomas; Archdeacon of Rochester. Aland, John Fortescue ; afterwards Ld. Fortescue of
Credan.
Le Neve, Peter. Kempe, John. Pellet, Thomas, M.D. Keill, James, M.D.
1712
Grimani, Pietro ; afterwards Doge of Venice. Duliolo, Rinaldo. Richardson, Richard, M.D. Massey, Richard Myddleton, M.D.
afterwards Ld. Chan, and
326
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1713 N.S.]
[1714 N.S.]
Date of Election
Oct. 23
55
Dec. 1
55 55 5?
Jan. 22 29
May 21 June 11
55 55 55 55 55
July 27 Mar. 11
July 29
55 55 55
Nov. 11 30
55 55
June 9
55 55 55 55
1712 (continued)
Rawlinson, Thomas.
Bower, Thomas, M.D.
Averani, Giuseppe.
Molyneux, Samuel.
Bernoulli, Jean, M.D.
Tempest, William.
Blair, Patrick ; afterwards M.D.
Bradley, Richard.
Inglis, John, M.D. (adm.).
Baldini, Giovanni Antonio, Conte. ) ,^m .
Bianchini, Francesco. j
1713
D'Aumont de Rochebaron, Louis, due. Mellarede, Pierre de.
Kreienberg, von.
Rosenkrantz, Iver, Baron.
Barrett, Richard.
Oliphant, Charles, M.D.
Toilet, George.
Jablonski, Daniel Ernest.
Colson, John.
Mather, Cotton, D.D.
Brattle, William.
Leveret, Col. John.
Turner, Edmond.
Bromfield, Thomas, M.D.
Keck, Robert (Benefactor, Keck Bequest).
Bernoulli, Nicholas, M.D.
1714
Menzicoff, Prince Alexander de. Folkes, Martin ; afterwards D.C.L. (P.R.S. 1741). Varignon, Pierre.
Rawlinson, Rev. Richard ; afterwards D.C.L. (a non- juror bishop).
Desaguliers, Rev. John Theophilus ; afterwards D.C.L. Steigertahl, Johann Georg, M.D. Jett, Thomas. Stuart, Alexander. Watkins, Thomas.
1715
Hodges, Thomas. 's Gravesande, Willem Jakob. Ruysch, Friedrich, M.D. Vincent, Levinus. Marpurgher, Paul Jacob.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 827
ti's name first ars in the list 17.
718 N.S.]
Date of Election
June 9
Nov. i'o
30
99
Apr. 5
Nov. 30
Mar. Si
Mar. 28 Nov. 14
99 99
?
30
9>
Mar. 13
99
1715 (continued)
Newborough, Maj. Gen. George, Ld., D.C.L.; after- wards Earl of Cholmondeley.
Louville, Jacques Eugene d'Allonville, le Chevalier de. Geoffrey, Claude Joseph. Montmort, Pierre Remond de. Sherlock, John.
Pemberton, .
Paisley, James, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Abercorn.
Troni, Nicolo.
Valentini, Michaele Bernardo.
Conti, Antonio, Conte de\
Godfrey, John.
Moore, John.
Effen, Justus van.
Fleury, Francois Wicardel, Chevalier de.
Tozzi, Bruno.
1716
Nicholson, Henry, M.D. Wicksted, John Churchill.
Cartwright, .
Volkra, Otto Christopher, Count. Diescau, Johann Adolph, Baron von. Monte Leone, Marques de. Hodges, Sir Joseph, Bt. Salvini, Antonio Maria. Amyand, Claude.
Hollins, .
Guise, Col. John ; afterwards Lieut .-General. D'Orci, Giuseppe, Marchese. Simon, William. Paul, Robert. Hadley, John.
1717
Scheurer, Samuel, D.D.
Gale, Roger.
Hugo, Johann August, M.D.
Muratori, Luigi Antonio.
Jurin, James, M.D.
Barham, Henry.
Jeffreys, Walter.
1 Torti, Francesco.
Littlehales, Edmond, M.D.
Gee, Orlando.
Yale, Elihu (Benefactor of Yale University).
Welsted, Robert, Dr.
Wagstaffe, William, M.D.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1719 N.S.]
[1720 N.S.]
Date of Klcct'utn
Mar. 13
July 3
Nov. 6
Dec. 1
55 55 55
55 11
55
55
55 55
55
Feb. 5
Mar. 12
Apr. 9
Nov. 5
55 »5 55 55
30 Feb. 25
1717 (continued)
Stukeley, Rev. William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D. Hales, Rev. Stephen ; afterwards D.D. .Montagu, John, Duke of.
1718
Mickleton, James.
\Yhiteside, John.
a Uipa, Ludovicus.
Cotesworth, Caleb, M.D.
Bradley, James ; afterwards D.D.
Saunderson, Nicholas ; afterwards LL.D.
Gay, Robert.
Bury, Sir Thomas, Kt., Lord Chief Baron.
Cadogan, Charles ; afterwards Lord.
Conduitt, John.
Campbell, James, M.D.
Stephens, William, M.D.
Crawys, Samuel.
Langny, Thomas Fantet de.
Bates, Thomas.
Bamber, John ; afterwards M.D.
Hollier, John, M.D.
Lawson, Sir Wilfrid, Bt.
Beckett, William.
Jussieu, Antonie, M.D.
Michaelotti, Pietro Antonio.
Linck, Johann Heinrich.
Bellers, John.
Smith, Robert ; afterwards LL.D. and D.D. (founded
Smith's Prizes). Keyssler, Johann Georg. Meres, Sir John, Kt. Dairy m pie, .
1719
Cavendish, Lord James. Busby, John. Hill, James. Rand, Isaac. Williams, Rev. Moses. Strachey, John. Salmon-, Albert Henri de. M Lam-in, Colin.
(iror^-s, John. Hale, rharlr.s, M.D. St. .John, Oliver. ge. Stuart, Charles, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol 1 1 I LOWS 829
721 N.S.]
i722 N.S.]
Date of Election
Feb. 25
55
Mar. l'o
June 30
55 55 55 55
Nov. 3
55
30
Mar. 9
55 55
55
Nov. 2
55 55 55 55 55
30
Feb. 1 Mar. 15
May 24
1719 (continued)
Sherard, William, D.C.L.
Palmer, Jeffrey.
Ketelbey, Abel.
Manningham, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Warburton, John.
Mathew, Gen. William.
1720
Recanati, Giambattista.
North and Grey, William, Lord.
Heathcote, Henry.
Pearce, Zachary ; afterwards D.D. and Bp. of Rochester.
Cuming, Alexander ; afterwards Bt.
Rutty, William, M.I).
Papillon, David.
Sanders, Samuel.
Beighton, Henry.
Dereham, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Des Maizeaux, Peter.
Hoffmann, Friedrich.
Douglas, John.
Pemberton, Henry, M.D.
Graham, George.
Sprengell, Conrad, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
East, William.
Hale, Richard, M.D.
1721
Hewett, Sir Thomas, Kt.
Savile, Sir George, Bt.
Dudley, Paul.
Barrowby, William, M.D.
Beale, John, M.D.
Woolhouse, John Thomas, M.D.
Western, William.
Browne, John.
Sussex, Talbot, Earl of.
Miles, Rev. Thomas.
Vater, Abraham, M.D.
Musgrave, Dr.
Bacon, Thomas Slater.
Lucas, Richard.
Molesworth, Col. Richard ; afterwards Lord.
1722
Sloane, William. Morland, Samuel.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1723 VS. |
1 Cotton Mather appears as eUrtt-.l on 11 April. 17-j:;. hiaelection in J 71 :'• not hiivinj* been duly rec
[1724 N.8.]
Date of
Kuctlon
Nov. 1
99
8 30
Jan. 17 Mar. 21
[Apr. May
June
Nov.
11
2
99 99 99 99
9 27
99 99 99 99
14
99
21 30
99 99 99
Mar. 12
1722 (continued)
Harris. Rev. Samuel.
Taylor, Charles.
Parker, George, Lord ; afterwards E. of Macclesfield
(P.R.S. 1752).
Burlington, Richard, Earl of. Hucks, Robert. Borneman, Johan Philip. St. Albans, Charles, Duke of. Dickins, Ambrose. Queensberry, Charles, Duke of. Morgagni, Giambattista. Yarmouth, William, Earl of. Evelyn, Sir John, Bt. White, John.
Cassano, Prince de, Nicolo Alerbe d'Aragona. Le Due, Anthony, M.D.
1723
1 Mather, Cotton, D.D.]
D'Anteny, Gebhard.
Fenton, West.
Degge, Simon.
Armstrong, Col. John.
Glover, Philip.
Thornhill, Sir James, Kt.
Hewer, Hewer Edgley.
Wollaston, Francis.
Monro, Alexander; afterwards M.D.
Jones, Henry.
Samuda, Isaac de Sequeira, M.D.
Ferrari, Domenico, LL.D.
Deidier, Antoine, M.D.
Romney, Robert, Lord.
Fagnani, Conte Giulio Carlo de\
Ord, Ralph.
Burnet, Rev. Gilbert.
Ward, John ; afterwards LL.D.
Holloway, Benjamin.
Richmond, Charles, Duke of.
Meres, John.
Bvrom, John.
\ crnon. Rev. Edward ; afterwards D.D.
Kllys, Rev. Anthony ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of
St. David's. Ord, Robert. Lethieullier, Smart. ('rii<|tiius Nicolaus. DC LM»., Joseh Nicholas.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I -:i, LOWS 881
Date of Election
Mar. 12
May 7
June 25
Nov. 30
Apr. 15
Apr. 29 Nov. 4
Dec. 9
May 12
1723
Kendall, John. Dobyns, John. Dalkeith, Francis, £. of; afterwards D. of Buccleugh.
1724
Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel.
Scheuchzer, John Gaspar, M.I).
Leicester, Ralph.
Dillenius, Joannes Jacobus, M.D.
Jacobaeus, Joannes Adolphus.
Eames, John.
Danvers, Joseph ; afterwards Bt.
Powis, Sir Littleton, Kt.
Ranby, John.
Chase, Stephen, M.D.
Diodate, John, M.D.
1725
Galvao, Antonio.
Hill, Thomas.
Nesbit, Robert, M.D.
Hickman, Nathan ; afterwards M.D.
Roby, Thomas, M.D.
Poley, Richard.
Hunt, Thomas.
Stone, Edmund.
Cronhelm, Andreas Henry de.
Capeller, Maurice Antonio de.
White, Taylor.
Teissier, George Lewis ; afterwards M.D.
Theobald, James.
De la Faye, Charles.
Neuman, Caspar.
Houstoun, Robert, M.D.
Bevan, Silvanus.
Abgali, Mohammed Ben Ali.
1726
Bridges, Sir Brook, Bt. Hassell, Richard. Jeffreys, John. Allen, Edmond. Stanyan, Temple. Eyre, Kingsmill. Ketelbey, Robert Johnston. Gerdes, Henry Walther, D.D. Palmer, Thomas.
332
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1727N.S.]
|
Date of Election |
1726 (continued) |
|
Mav 1:2 |
Gilbert, Sir Jeffrey, Kt. |
|
26 |
Beard, Richard, M.D. |
|
July 7 |
Stanhope, Charles. |
|
55 |
Hargraves, James. |
|
J» |
Boylstone, Zabdiel. |
|
Nov. 3 |
Rud»v, Edward. |
|
J5 |
Pawlet, Edward. |
|
J» |
Stirling, James. |
|
5) |
Belidor, Bernard Forrest de. |
|
17 |
Graham, Richard. |
|
?? |
White, Thomas. |
|
30 |
Holland, Richard, M.D. |
|
J5 |
Schomberg, Meyer. |
|
J» |
Billers, AVilliam ; afterwards Kt. |
|
5> |
Robinson, Col. Thomas ; afterwards Bt. |
|
Mar. 9 |
Trevor, Hon. Thomas ; afterwards Lord Trevor. |
|
55 |
Andrews, Joseph. |
|
5? |
Ahlers, Cyriacus. |
|
5? |
Hollings, John, M.D. |
|
55 |
Mansberg, Anton Adam, Baron de. |
|
55 |
Fuller, John. |
|
?5 |
Hoadly, Benjamin, M.D. |
|
55 |
West, James (P.R.S. 1768). |
|
55 |
Hughes, E. |
|
«5 |
Folkes, William. |
|
55 |
Harper, John. |
|
55 |
Cyrillo, Nicola, M.D. |
|
1727 |
|
|
Mar. 30 |
Martyn, John. |
|
May 9 15 |
King George I, Patron. George, Prince of Wales. |
|
June 8 |
Cavendish, Lord Charles. |
|
:>X |
Lamotte, Rev. Charles. |
|
55 |
/oilman, Philip Henry. |
|
55 |
Cary, Walter. |
|
55 |
Jussieu, Bernard de, M.I). |
|
55 |
Jacobsen, Theodore. |
|
55 |
Carr, William. |
|
55 |
Clifton, Francis, M.D. |
|
July 11 |
King George II, Patron. |
|
. 1) |
Lloyd, Philemon. |
|
55 |
Robins, Benjamin. |
|
23 Jan. 11 |
Oxford and Mortimer. Edward, Earl of (adm.) Pye,Sir Robert, Bt. |
|
Feb. 8 15 |
Fairfax, Hon. Henry Colepeper. Hope, John, Lord ; eld. son Earl of Hopetoun. Horseman, Stephen. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF 1 I J. LOWS 888
Date of Election
Feb. 15 22
May 2
55
55 55
June 27
55 55 55 55 55 55 55
Oct. 24
Nov. 14
55 Dec. 5
55 55 55
17 19
Jan. 9
55
16
Mar. 6
55
20
May 8
55
June 5
1727 (continued)
hilipps, Erasmus ; afterwards Bt . ?OCOCK, Rev. Thomas.
1728
Lrray, Robert. Elanbury, William. Dugood, William. Nicholls, Frank, M.D. larke, Samuel.
Beccari, Jacopo Bartolommeo. Wheler, Rev. Granville. Weichman, Ch. Frederick. Schoepflin, Johann Daniel. Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de. Senex, John. Burman, Ericus, M.D. Mortimer, Cromwell, M.D. Royen, Adrianus van, M.D. Saint Hyacinthe, Paul de. Seba, Albertus. Nourse, Edward. Manfredi, Eustachio, M.D. King, Peter, Lord. Trevor, John ; afterwards Lord. Collinson, Peter. Leibknecht, Johann Georg. Palmer, Samuel. Aga, Cassem Algiada. Frederick ; afterwards Prince of Wale*. Delawarr, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl. Gage, Thomas, Viscount. Morand, Sauveur Francois. Garangeot, Rene Jacques Croissant. Durand, Rev. David. Heathcote, George. Molieres, Joseph Privat de, Abbe. Lobb, Theophilus, M.D. Wray, Daniel. Klein, Jacobus Theodorus. Atwell, Rev. Joseph ; afterwards D.D.
1729
Mather, Robert.
Du Fay, Charles Fra^ois de Cisternay.
Horsley, John.
Long, Roger, D.D.
D'Arcy, Hon. James.
Carpenter, Col. George ; afterwards Lor.
334
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1730N.S.]
|
Date of fern |
1729 (cojitinwd) |
|
Oct. 16 |
Suinton, Rev. John. |
|
99 |
(iihbs, James (the architect). |
|
99 |
Clerk, Sir John, Bt. |
|
99 |
Koleseri df Keres-eer, Samuel. |
|
99 |
Kinck, Rev. Peter. |
|
Nov. 6 |
lYeke, John. |
|
«• |
Aim/, Johann Wilhelm, M.D. |
|
,, |
(ireene, William. |
|
55 |
D'Alev a Dehn, Count Conrad. |
|
55 |
'I'hom, Frederic de. |
|
55 |
Carbone, Joanne Baptista. |
|
J5 |
Petit, Jean Louis. |
|
J5 |
Chambers, Ephraim. |
|
55 |
Heucher, Johann Heinrich, M.D. |
|
Dec. 11 |
Ramsay, Chevalier Andrew Michael. |
|
5J |
Rolli, Dr. Paolo Antonio. |
|
Jan. 8 |
Coleraine, Henry, Lord. |
|
15 |
Gouldsmyth, Jonathan, M.D. |
|
55 |
Wilmot, Edward, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. |
|
55 |
Brown, Littleton. |
|
22 |
Hanckewitz, Ambrose Godfrey. |
|
5> |
Oliver, William, M.D. |
|
55 |
Walker, Thomas ; afterwards LL.D. |
|
55 |
Miller, Philip. |
|
55 |
Castro-Sarmento, Jacob de, M.D. |
|
Feb. 5 |
1'Yobenius, Joannes Sigismundus Augustus, M.D. |
|
55 |
Iljimpe, Joannes Henricus, M.D. |
|
55 |
More, Robert. |
|
26 |
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de la Brede |
|
et de. |
|
|
55 |
Dod, Peirce, M.D. |
|
55 |
Bogdani, William. |
|
55 |
Dixon, William. |
|
55 |
De Ruischer, Melchior. |
|
1730 |
|
|
Apr. 23 |
Klingenstierna, Samuel. |
|
55 |
( 'as tell, Louis Bertrand, Pere. |
|
55 |
Beaufain, H. Berenger de. |
|
30 |
Dry, Hcnrv. |
|
55 |
Patoun, Archibald, |
|
(ii-riuc. William, M.D. |
|
|
'• |
Bocrlianvc, Hi-rman, M.D. |
|
M-.v 14 |
11101). |
|
55 |
Alison, Tlmiiuis. |
|
Oct. 22 |
•Iu»t ice. Jam |
|
•• |
Allen, .lohn, M.I). |
|
(iarcin, Laurent, M.I). |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER or FELLOWS 8«S
31 N.S.J
732 N.S.]
733 N.S.]
Date of Election
Oct. 22 Dec. 10
55
17 Mar. 18
Mar. 25 May 27
July 1 Oct. 28 Nov. 4 18
Dec. 9
Jan. 27 Feb. 3
Mar. 9
55
16
55 23
Mar. 30
Apr. 20
27
May 11
55
June 15 22 Nov. 9
55
16
23
Jan. 18
55
25
1730 (continued)
Cray, Jeremiah. Banks, Joseph. Campbell, Colin. Campbell, George. Muller, Gerhard Friedrich. Heister, Laurence, M.D. Amman, John, M.D. Molesworth, Hon. Coote, M.D.
1731
Calvert, Hon. Benedict Leonard. Ayloffe, Sir Joseph, Bt. Giuntini, Hieronymus, M.D.
Bentinck, Hon. William ; afterwards Duke of Port- land.
Triewald, Martin. Petre, Robert James, Lord. Fellowes, William.
Lorraine, Francis, Duke of ; aft. Emperor of Germany. Kinski, Philip, Count. Baltimore, Charles, Lord. Bathurst, Hon. Benjamin. Nauze, Louis de la. Barry, Edward, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. Serenius, Jacob ; afterwards D.D. Edwards, Sir James, Bt. Barker, Robert, M.D. Dummer, Thomas Lee.
Robartes, John ; afterwards Earl of Radnor. Gray, John. Pfutschner, Baron. Bassand, Jean Baptiste, baron.
1732
Hall, Fayrer.
Fuller, Rose, M.D.
Girardin, Jean Patrice Piers de.
Cowper, William, Earl.
Strathmore, James, Earl of.
Crawford, John, Earl of.
Fullerton, William, M.D.
Weidler, Johann Friedrich.
Bacon, Vincent.
Monti jo, Conde de.
Belchier, John.
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bouyer de.
Houstoun, William, M.D.
Gray, Stephen.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
I 1731 N.S.]
\ -
Date if FJ.cct'ion
15
Apr. 12 19
26 May 3
24
Oct. 25 Dec. 6 Jan. 10
24
Feb. 14 Mar. 7
Apr. 4 May 16
June 13
Oct. :>-\ 31
M
Nov. 7
»
14 21
.Ian. !)
••
IV},. r,
1732 (continued)
Taglini, Carlo. Batcman, William, Viscount. Hody, Edward, M.D. Douglas, George, M.D.
1733
Maitland, William.
Aberdour, James, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Morton
(P.R.S. 1764). Catc-sby, Mark. Sdlius, Godfrey, LL.D. Frederick, Charles ; afterwards Kt. GiTsten. Christian Ludwig. Doppelmayer, Dr. Johann Gabriel. Cardross, Henry David, Lord ; afterwards Earl of
Buchan.
Grive, Jean de la, Abbe. a Kipa, Ludovicus. Crivelli, Giovanni. Hunauld, Francis Joseph, M.D. Orange, William C. H. F., Prince of. Ouchterlony, Alexander.
1734
\\inthrop, John.
Harrington, Edward, M.D.
Langrish, Brown ; afterwards M.D.
Leprotti, Antonio.
Shaw, Thomas, D.D.
Revillas, Didacus de, Padre.
Williams, Stephen, M.D.
Hop, Baron Hendrik.
Spilman, James.
Stevens, John.
Do m eke, Georg Peter.
Bignon, Jean Paul, Abbe.
Muschenbroeck, Pieter van.
Hamilton, John.
King, John, Lord.
Mairan, Jean Jacques d'Ortous de.
Du Ilamel du Monceau, Henri Louis.
Nollet, Jean Antoine, Abbe.
Galliani, Celestino, Abp. of Thessalonica.
Sainthill, Peter.
( 'handler, John.
Wyvill, Sir Marmaduke, Bt.
Iladlcv, George.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISIKK OF 1 KU.()\\S ,:<;
36 N.S.]
737 N.S.
Date of Election
Feb. 20 Mar. 13
Mar. 27
Apr. 17
99 24
May 22 Nov. 6
Jan. 29 Feb. 5
n
99
99
12 19 26
Mar. 11
99 18
Mar. 25 Apr. 8 May 6
27 June 10
July 1 8
Nov. 11 25
Dec. 9 23
Feb. 10
Mar. 24
1734 (ciintinmtl)
Birch, Thomas ; afterwards 1 ). 1 ). Southwell, Thomas, Lord.
1735
Lovell, Thomas, Lord ; afterwards Eurl <>t 1^ iceiter,
Freman, William.
Godin, Louis.
Clare, Martin.
Clarke, Samuel.
Tyrconnel, John, Viscount.
Gilkes, Moreton.
Suasso, Alvaro Lope/.
Tilson, George.
Modena, Francesco Maria d'Este, Prince of.
Stanhope, Philip, Earl.
Celsius, Andreas.
Fawconer, Jonathan.
Cocchi, Antonio, M.D.
Mendoca, Diego de.
Cerati, Gasparo.
Jattica, Jacobus.
Molyneux, Sir Daniel, Bt.
Legge, Hon. Edward.
Werlhof, Paul Gottlieb, M.D.
Mitchell, Andrew ; afterwards Kt.
Lange, Sir John de, Kt.
Cooke, Benjamin.
Jones, Roger, M.D.
1736
Hartley, David, M.D. Hamilton, James, Duke of. Coutinho, Marco Antonio de A/evedo. Kelsall, Henry
; afterwards D. of NorthimilK-, -land Seip, Johann Philip, M.D. Algarotti, Francesco. Bankes, Robert, M.D. Lowther, Sir James, Bt. Cervi, Joseph, M.D. Maffei, Scipio, Marchese. Da Costa, Moses. Lloyd, George. Short, James.
Z
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
V.S.]
|
Date of tion |
1737 |
|
|
Apr. 7 |
Burrow, Jumes ; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S. |
1768). |
|
?» |
Middleton, dipt. Christopher. |
|
|
28 |
1'oppK-, Ilc-nry. |
|
|
May 5 |
Scott, George Lewis. |
|
|
June M3 |
'I'aylor. KolK-rt, M.D. |
|
|
Oct. 27 |
Clairaut, Alexis Claude. |
|
|
Nov. 17 |
Essex. William, Earl of. |
|
|
Jan. 19 |
A-M'in.-mni, Stephanus Evodius, Abp. of |
Apamea. |
|
5? |
Smith, Edward. |
|
|
»5 |
Bernard, Rev. John Peter. |
|
|
26 |
Stack, Thomas, M.D. |
|
|
»» |
Filenius, Petrus ; afterwards D.D. |
|
|
?» |
Mann, Nicholas^ |
|
|
J5 |
Segner, Dr. Johann Andreas. |
|
|
Feb. 9 |
Darnley, Edward, Earl of. |
|
|
« |
Loudoun, John, Earl of. |
|
|
J» |
Walker, Capt. William. |
|
|
JJ |
Hutton, Addison, M.D. |
|
|
23 |
Way, Lewis. |
|
|
}» |
Naude, Philip. |
|
|
« |
Kennedy, Gilbert, M.I). |
|
|
Mar. 23 |
Gambier, James. |
|
|
1738 |
||
|
Apr. 20 |
Maud, John. |
|
|
May 4 |
Gori, Antonio Francesco. |
|
|
June 1 |
Belius, Rev. Matthias (recte Matyas Bel) |
|
|
» |
Baster, Job, M.D. |
|
|
5» |
Cantwell, Andrew, M.D. |
|
|
8 |
Davies, Richard ; afterwards M.I). |
|
|
15 |
Rogers, Joseph, M.D. |
|
|
Oct. 26 |
Ellicott, John. |
|
|
Nov. 2 |
Bernard, Herman, M.D. |
|
|
»» |
Xavier de Menezes, Francisco ; Conde da Ericeyra. |
|
|
9 |
Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault de. |
|
|
» |
Fourmont, Etienne. |
|
|
Feb. 15 |
Browne, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. |
|
|
Mar. 8 |
Bon, Francois Xavier, marquis de St. Hi lain-. Mead, Samuel. |
|
|
M |
Myddelton, John. |
|
|
1739 |
||
|
Apr. 5 |
Iluxliam, John, M.D. |
|
|
n |
Monnier, Pierre Charles le. |
|
|
12 |
Howe, Ilenrv. |
|
|
June 7 21 |
Montagny, l)r. Joseph de. Lieutaud, Joseph, M.D. |
|
|
J>H |
S;iwl>ri( !<.(., John. |
|
|
Nov. 1 |
Haller, Dr. Albertus ; afterwards Baron. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>l 1 KLlo\VS 880
.S.]
N.S.]
|
Date of Election |
1739 (CDMffcMMrf) |
|
|
Nov. 8 |
Stehelin, John Peter. |
|
|
Dec. 20 |
Leeds, Thomas, Duke of. |
|
|
Rixtel, Jan van. |
||
|
Jan. 17 |
Haselden, Thomas. |
|
|
31 |
Le Cat, Claude Nicholas, M.I). |
|
|
Feb. 7 |
Raymond, Robert, Ixml. |
|
|
n |
Gill, Westby. |
|
|
Buffbn, Georges IXMII'S Lcderc ; aflerwurds <onit< dr. |
||
|
Mar. 6 |
Lovell, Thomas, Lord. |
|
|
20 |
Sandwich, John, Earl of. |
|
|
1740 |
||
|
May 1 |
Hawley, James, M.I). |
|
|
15 |
Lockyer, Charles. |
|
|
M |
Carvalho e Mello, Sebastian Joseph de ; afterwards |
|
|
Marques de Pombal. |
||
|
June 5 |
Panicis, Josephus de, M.D. |
|
|
19 |
Skinner, Samuel. |
|
|
Oct. 23 |
Stevens, Henry Stuart. |
|
|
Davall, Peter. |
||
|
Hellot, Jean. |
||
|
Nov. 6 |
Zanotti, Eustachio. |
|
|
Sacchetti, Rev. Giulio. |
||
|
Giacometti, Rev. Michel Angelo. |
||
|
13 |
Hunt, Rev. Thomas ; afterwards D.D. |
|
|
Pitot, Henri. |
||
|
Caumont, Joseph de Seytres, marquis de. |
||
|
Copping, Rev. John. Jallabert, Jean, M.D. |
. |
|
|
20 |
Arundel, Hon. Richard. |
|
|
27 |
Foley, Thomas, Lord. |
|
|
Dec. 11 |
Marti ne, George, M.D. |
|
|
18 |
Lieberkuhn, Joannes Nathaniel, M.D. |
|
|
,5 |
Fouchy, Jean Paul Grand] can de. |
|
|
Jan. 8 |
Norden, Capt. Frederic Lewis. |
|
|
29 |
Chauncy, Charles, M.D. Yorke, Hon. Philip ; afterwards Earl of |
Hardwicke. |
|
Feb. 5 |
Portuga, Benito de Moura. |
|
|
12 |
Superville, Daniel de, M.D. |
|
|
26 |
Zanotti, Francesco Maria. |
|
|
,, |
Bremond, Francois de. |
|
|
Mar. 12 |
Baker, Henry (Bakerian Bequest). |
|
|
19 |
Salis, Jerom de. |
|
|
1741 |
||
|
Mar. 26 |
Turner, Shallet. |
|
|
Apr. 9 |
Watson, William ; afterwards M.D. and |
Kt. |
|
16 |
Duval, Francis Philip, M.D. |
;uo
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
v
[1748 N.S.]
Date of
Htrfion
May 7
Nov. "l2 Drr. ID
17
Jan. 7 14 21
Feb. 4 11
Mar. 11
18
Mar. 25
Apr. 1
May 20
June 17
»
24
Oct. 28 Nov. 4
25 16
51
1741 (continued)
Parsons, James, M.D.
Knight, Ralph.
\\Vlin, John.
Holmes, George.
Le Sueur, Thomas, Pere.
Jjuxjuk-r, Francis, Pere.
Vigny, Pierre de.
Harrington, William, Lord ; afterwards Earl of.
Robertson, John.
Battie, William, M.D.
Mihvard, Edward, M.D.
Lonsdale, Henry, Viscount.
Lock, John.
Pococke, Richard, D.C.L. ; afterwards Bp. of Ossory.
Bedford, John, Duke of.
Snivthe, Sidney Stafford; afterwards Kt.
Reynardson, Samuel.
Wilbraham, Thomas, LL.D. ; afterwards M.D.
1742
Russell, Michael.
Bristow, William.
Peirce, Jerry.
Nihill, James, M.D.
Milles, Jeremiah ; afterwards D.D.
Nicholas, William.
Batt, John Thomas ; afterwards M.D.
Pratt, Charles ; afterwards Earl Camden.
Bliss, Rev. Nathaniel.
Home, James.
Brownrigg, William, M.D.
Lisle, Samuel, D.D. ; afterwards Bishop of Norwich.
Lawry, Rev. John.
Mason, Charles; afterwards D.D.
Finch, Hon. Henry.
Bayes, Thomas.
Bowman, Walter.
Fourmont, Michel.
Coste, Pierre.
Lcdiard, Thomas.
Talbot, William.
Kirch, Dr. Christfricd.
\Vintrinohain, Clifton, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. (Win-
tringham Bequest). Phillips, John; afterwards Bt.
I A Hcl I on, Charles; afterwards D.C.L. and Bp. of Exeter. Hut licrforth, Thomas; afterwards D.D. Willu-lmius, Wilhehmis.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 841
Date of Election
Feb. 10
55
24 Mar. 10
55 55
55
Apr. 21 May 12
19 June 9
16
Nov. 3 17
Dec. 8 15
Jan. 12
55 5? 55
26
Feb. 23 Mar. 8
55
Apr. 12
26
May 10
55
June 7 Nov. 15
Dec. 6
Jan. 10
55 55
31
1742 (niittintn-tl)
Creed, James ; afterwards Kt.
Lever, James.
Henricksen, Henry.
New come, Peter.
Stiles, Francis Hoskins Eyles ; afterward?- I
Chute, Francis.
Shelvocke, George.
(iua de Malves, Abbe Jean Paul dr.
1743
Sarayva, Matthew, M.D.
Paman, Roger.
Trembley, Abraham.
Miles, Rev. Henry, D.D.
Dayrolles, Solomon.
Rich, Daniel.
Stafford, William, Earl of.
Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de.
Bonnet, Charles.
Masson, Jean, Chevalier de Besse.
Ames, Joseph.
Pembroke, Henry, Earl of.
Clayton, Robert, D.D., Bishop of Cork ; aft. of Clogher.
Marlborough, Charles, Duke of.
Locmaria, le Marquis de.
Solenthal, Baron H. F. de.
Lyttelton, Hon. George; afterwards Ix>rd.
Pitt, Hon. William ; afterwards Earl of Chatham.
Windham, William.
Bruni, Giuseppe Lorenzo, M.D.
Sotheby, Col. William.
Nicholls, John.
1744
Rawdon, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Earl of Moira.
Hope- Weir, Hon. Charles.
Sallier, Claude, Abbe.
Pickering, Roger.
Capello, Pietro Andrea.
Bath, William, Earl of.
Nixon, Rev. John.
Fischer, Johann Benjamin.
Montesquieu, Jean Baptiste, baron Secondat de.
Adee, Swithin, M.D.
Boffrand, Germain.
Le Dran, Henri Francois.
Legge, Hon. Henry Bilson.
Keene, Benjamin ; afterwards Kt.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
[1746 N.S.]
|1747
Date of
1-Vb. 7
14 Mar. 7
Apr. .V>5 .May :l
)»
23
30
June 13
Oct. 31
Dec. 5
?5
12
Mar. 13 20
Apr. 10 17
May 15 29
June 19
27
H
• Ian. K
• •
1744 (continued)
Monnier, Dr. Louis Guillaume le. Willoughby of Parhain, Hugh, Lord. I lick man, Samuel. Merrill, John.
1745
Knioht, Gowin, M.B.
Wyche, Peter.
Saunders, William, M.I).
Mace, William.
Bedford, William, M.I).
( 'ast iglione, Giovanni F. M. M. Salvemini da.
Hardenberg, Baron von.
Hoblyn, Robert, B.C.L.
Pepusch, John Christopher, Mus.D.
Ellis, Welbore ; afterwards D.C.L. and 1st Baron
Mendip.
Sherwood, Noah. Lewis, William, M.B.
Pringle, John, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1772). Anson, Admiral George ; afterwards Lord. Simpson, Thomas. Montagu, Edward. Arderon, William. Hamilton, Captain the Hon. John. Marinoni, Giovanni Giacomo. Murdoch, Rev. Patrick.
1746
Guyon, Claude Marie, Abbe.
Pelham, Rt. Hon. Henry.
Trew, Christopher Jacob, M.D.
Squire, Samuel ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of St. David's.
Hoffman, Tycho.
Dashwood, Sir Francis, Bt. ; afterwards Lord Le
Despencer. Mi lies, Edward. Bl.-ike, l^rancis.
Cork and Orrery, John, Earl of. Beaufort, Louis do.
Thompson, Sir Peter, Kt.
Robinson Mori-is, Matthew; afterwards Lord Rokeby.
( Vtlrmain, John, Viscount ; afterwards Earl of Tilney.
I 'lloa, Antonio dc.
Tridcaux, Benjamin.
U'incUcr, Joliann Hoinrich.
Clephane, John. M.D.
Needham, John Turberville.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 848
L748 N.S.]
|
Date of Election |
1746 (nmftnuAf) |
|
Jan. 22 |
Allamand, Johann Nicholas S*lm.stiai). |
|
59 |
Layard, Daniel IVtrr. M.I). |
|
» |
Euler, Leonhnnl. |
|
29 |
Fauquier, William. |
|
Feb. 12 |
Holford, Peter. |
|
19 |
Walpole, Hon. Horatio. |
|
55 |
Parker, Rev. William, D.I). |
|
55 |
MacFarlane, Alexander. |
|
26 |
Brocklesby, Richard, M.I). |
|
1747 |
|
|
Mar. 26 |
Nicolini, Antonio, Marchesc . |
|
55 |
Hamilton, Hon. Charles. |
|
5> |
Rinuccini, Falco, Marchese. |
|
Apr. 30 |
Iremonger, Joshua. |
|
May 21 |
Bosanquet, Benjamin. |
|
55 |
Ravaud, David. |
|
55 |
Hollman, Samuel Christian. |
|
June 18 |
Chapelle, Jean Baptiste de la. |
|
July 2 |
Lobkowit/, Ferdinand Philip, Prince. |
|
Oct. 22 |
Lincoln, Henry, Earl of; afterwards Duke of New- |
|
castle. |
|
|
Nov. 12 |
Silvester, John, M.D. ; afterwards Kt |
|
Passeri, Giovanni Battista, Abbe. |
|
|
19 |
Parker, Thomas, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Macclesfield. |
|
26 |
Da Costa, Emanuel Mendes. |
|
Dec. 10 |
Baden-Dourlach, Carl Friedrich, Margrave of. |
|
99 |
Savile, Sir George, Bt. ; afterwards LL.D. |
|
17 |
Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Richard, Viscount. |
|
5J |
Tyrawley, James, Lord. |
|
Jan. 14 |
Lyonet, Pierre. |
|
21 |
Devonshire, William, Duke of. |
|
?> |
Reade, Henry. |
|
» |
Munck, Jan de. |
|
Mar. 10 |
Scott, George. |
|
5> |
Young, William ; afterwards Bt. |
|
Czernichew, Count. |
|
|
24 |
Manteufell, Christopher, Graf von. |
|
1748 |
|
|
Apr. 21 May 19 |
Osorio, 11 Cavaliere. Campbell, Hugh. |
|
26 |
Lee, William. |
|
June 9 |
Hughes, Rev. Griffith. |
|
23 |
Yonge, Sir William, K.B. |
|
Nov. 3 |
Charleton, Rice. |
|
5> |
Dingley, Robert. |
|
17 |
Joye, Charles. |
:m
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
1 1; u»
anniml |
[1750 N.- |
|
Dai Election |
1748 (continued) |
|
Nov. 17 |
Simon, .James. |
|
IVc. 8 |
Hill, John. |
|
15 |
.Mitchell, John, M.D. |
|
99 |
La Condamine, Charles Maria de. |
|
22 |
Burnett, Sir Thomas, Kt. |
|
« |
ITAlembert, Jean le Rond. |
|
.Ian. 19 |
Ashe. William Windham. |
|
26 |
1'Vake, Charles, M.D. |
|
"• |
Mimckley, Nicholas, M.D. |
|
Fi-b. 9 |
Cramer, Gabriel. |
|
»5 |
Dixon. Abraham. |
|
16 |
Montaudouin, Nicholas de. |
|
Mar. 9 |
Cornish, Capt. Samuel ; afterwards Bt. |
|
1749 |
|
|
Apr. 6 |
Bo/e, Claude Gros de. |
|
13 |
Sharp, Samuel. |
|
»• |
Wilkes, John. |
|
» |
Mitford, William. |
|
20 |
Boyer, Jean Baptiste, M.D. |
|
?j |
Molinelli, Pietro Paolo, M.D. |
|
May 4 |
Andrade, Antonio Freyre de. |
|
v |
Swieten, Gerhard van, M.D. |
|
11 |
Porter, James ; afterwards Kt. |
|
25 |
Sauvages de la Croix-Royale, l Francois Boissier. |
|
June 15 |
Williamson, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D. |
|
Oct. 26 |
Newcastle, Thomas, Duke of. |
|
99 |
Ligonier, Sir John ; afterwards Lord ; K.B. |
|
Nov. 2 |
Baillou, Chevalier de. |
|
9 |
Medina-Sidonia, Duque de. |
|
n 91 |
Oglethorpe, Lt.-Gen. James Edward. Webb, Philip Carteret. |
|
99 23 |
Juan[-y-Santacilla], Jorge. Grafton, Charles, Duke of. |
|
Dec. 7 |
Cardigan, George, Earl of. |
|
14 |
Waldegrave, James, Earl of. |
|
Jan. 11 |
St . George, Chevalier de. |
|
25 |
Alcock, Nathan, M.D. |
|
,, |
HclH-rdeii, William, M.I). |
|
.. |
Bell, George. |
|
«• |
BougiK-r, Pierre, |
|
n |
1'ormey, Samuel. |
|
Feb. 1 |
A^kcw, Anthony, M.B. |
|
8 |
Mills, Henry. |
|
n |
Folard, Charles, Clu-valicr de. |
|
n |
in. Ixiuis Elizabeth de la Vergne, comte de. |
|
To wnsi nd, Admiral Isaac. |
|
|
,, |
Browne, Isaac Hawkins. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <)l FELLOWS 345
N.S.]
Date of Election
Feb.
Mar. 8
May 3 10 17 31
June 21 Nov. 1
Dec. 6
5?
13 Jan. 17
5»
24
Feb. 7 Mar. 14
May 16 June 6 13
Oct. 31 Nov. 7 Dec. 5 19
Jan. 16 Feb. 13
20
Mar. 5 Apr. 16
May 7
1749 ((ont'inm-,1)
Tough, Hi«\. Cliarles.
Le Thieuillier, I/Hiis Jean, M.I).
Struyck, Nicholas.
Mounsey, James.
Canton, John.
Hayter, Thomas, D.I)., Bishop of
D^Argenville, Antoine Joseph <lr Salli« i.
1750
Bernoulli, Daniel.
Barboza, Johannes Mendez Saquet .
Borlase, Rev. William ; afterwards D.I).
Montagu, Edward Wortley.
Roderick, Richard.
Walmesley, Rev. Father Charl»--.
Herrissant, Francois David, M.D.
Guasco, Octavien de, comte de Clavieres, Al>!><
Downe, Henry, Viscount.
Warner, Joseph.
Yorke, Hon. Charles (I^ord Chancellor).
Cassini de Thury, Cesar Francois.
Camper, Peter, M.D.
Bacon, John.
Shard, Isaac Pacatus.
Watson, Robert, M.D.
Mountaine, William.
1751
Heathcote, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Venturi, Marsilio.
Mauduit, Israel.
Brookesbank, Joseph.
Silveyra, Joachim Jose Fidalgo da.
Rockingham, Charles, Marquess of.
Wilson, Benjamin.
Maty (Matty), Matthew, M.D.
1752
Morton, Charles, M.D.
Torkos, Justus Johann, M.D.
Fetherstonhaugh, Sir Matthew, Bt.
Russell, Richard, M.D.
Guignes, Joseph de.
Steavens, Thomas.
Whyte, Robert, M.D.
Shaw, Peter, M.D.
Hoare, Sir Richard, Kt.
Huber, Johann Jacob.
RECORD OK THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
May 28
June 4 Nov. 9
Dec. 11
21
Jan. :>5
Feb. f 8
?>
15
22
Mar. 1 8 15
22
Z* . 5 3
24 31
June Ml Nov. 15
Peb, ;
14 21
1752 (continued)
, Francois.
Gruillaunie.
Hyde, John.
Pond. Arthur.
.Moss. Kev. Charles, D.I). ; afterwards Bp. of Bath and
Wells.
Hurrell, Peter. Cadngan, William, M.I). I la/ard, Richard. Paeev, Henry B. Brakenridge, William, D.D. Fanct, Jean Baptiste. Calducll. Sir James, Bt.
1753
Allix, William.
Thomas, Noah ; afterwards Kt.
Marchmont, Hugh, Earl of.
Clanricarde, John, Earl of.
Akenside, Mark, M.D.
Fauquier, Francis.
Petley, Charles.
Dudley, Charles.
Bellin, Jacques Nicolas.
Malouin, Paul Jacques.
Hortega, Joseph.
Hardinge, Caleb, M.D.
Smeaton, John.
Gabry, Peter, M.D.
Harcourt, Simon, Earl.
Price, William.
Wetstein, John James.
Liniueiis, Carolus, M.D.
Hoare, Joseph, B.I).
Cireen, Richard, D.D.
We*™-, Samuel.
NVa'll, Chevalier Richard.
Northey, William.
SyinincT. Robei'i.
Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of (Lord Chancellor).
1754
Lock. William, (iirlc, John. Post lei hwavt, James. Kllis. John'.
Aberdour, Sholto Charles. Lord; afterwards Earl of Morton.
CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,ISTKK
1 KLLOWS 847
Date of Election
Mar. 7
?»
14 28 Apr. 4
May 9
»
23
30
June 13
July 4 Nov. 7
14 Dec. 5
Jan. 9
5J
16
23
Feb. 20
Mar. 13
?» 20
Apr. 24
May 1 29
June 12
Dec. 11
Jan. 8
5?
1754 (ftntt'imi.,1)
Brander, Gust}i\u>.
(Yusius, Li-\vis; afterwanK D.I).
Hammond, Bartholomew.
Shaftesbury, Anthony, Karl of.
Castlecomcr. .lolin, \iM-oiint.
Cooksey, Rrv. .lolin.
Blacow, llcv. Kichard.
Caumont, H., M.I).
Sharpe, Rev. Gregory, I.I..1).
Chevalier, Rev. John.
Raper, Matthew.
Raynal, Gnillaume Thomas, A bin-.
Gray, Charles.
Lewis, George.
Wetstein, Rev. Caspar.
Dartmouth, William, Earl of.
Clarke, Sir Thomas, Kt. (Master of the Rolls).
Chandler, Samuel ; afterwards D.I).
Hudson, John.
1755
Blair, Rev. John, LL.D. Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie. Dodson, James. Dawkins, James, D.C.L. Henry, William, D.I). Hirst, William. Colebrooke, Josiah. Hundertmark, Carl Friedrich, M.D. Petti ward, Roger, D.D. Hubner, Martin. Rasumousky, Count Cyrille. Helvetius, Jean Claude Adrian, M.D. Bayardi, Ottavio Antonio. Paderni, Camillo. Forster, Nathaniel, D.I). Beccaria, Giovanni Battista. Charlemont, James, Viscount ; afterwards Earl. Owen, Rev. Henry. M.D.- Morris, Robert Hunter. Valltravers, Rodolph de. Barthelemy, Jean Jacques, Abl)e. Richmond, Charles, Duke of. Ascanius, Peter, M.D.
1756
Jacour, Chevalier de. Bougainville, Ix>uis Antoine de.
KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
.Jan. ir>
1-Yb. 5 Mar. IS
Apr. 1 :>'.)
May 6 13
June 3
Nov. 4 11
25
Mar. 17 Apr. 21
May 5 12 19
June 9 16
19
30
Nov. i'o 17
Dec.
24
Feb. '.» 16 ?» 23
Mar. 2
1756 (continued}
Pancra//i. (Giuseppe Maria. Schlosser, Jan Albert, M.D.
onel, Jean Andre. Ashby, Shuckburgh. Daviel, Jacques.
Wollaston, Charlton; afterwards M.I). Fit/Gerald, Keane. J u rin, James, M.I).
Franklin, Henjaniin ; afterwards LL.D. Russell, Alexander, M.I).
Howard, John ; afterwards LL.D. (the philanthropist). Lantsheer, Jacob Frederick, LL.D. Kidby. John. Brand, Thomas. Gregory, John, M.D. Manetti, Xaverius, M.I). Albini, Conte Maffeo d\ Percival, Thomas.
1757
Venuti, Ridolfino, Abbate.
Mello e Castro, Martinho de.
Thistlethwayte. Alexander.
Lisle, Thomas, D.D.
Romilly, Isaac.
Romney, Robert, Lord.
Hudson, Charles Grave ; afterwards Bt.
Morris, Corbyn.
Ehret, George Dionysius.
Donati, Dr. Vitaliano.
Frisi, Paolo ; padre.
Celesia, Cavaliere Paolo.
Upton, John.
II oil is, Thomas.
Hose, Georg Matthias.
Kd wards, George.
Roger, Charles.
Braganza, Joano, Du(|iie de.
Barton, Philip.
Natter, Lorcn/.
Bootlc. Robert.
1758
NVc^g, (icorge.
(iodschall, William M:u,.
(.incliii, Philip Fricdrich, M.D.
Ro-. John, D.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Exeter.
Huntingdon, Francis, Karl of.
Ahncyda,
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 849
Date of Election
Mar. 16 Apr. 6
55
55 55
20
55 27
May 25
June 15 Nov. 16
55 Dec. 7
Feb. 1 8
Mar. 8 15 22
Apr. 5 May 31 June 14 Nov. 8
22 Dec. 6
55 55
Jan. 10 17 24
Feb. 21
Mar. 6
55
20
27
Apr. 24
May 1 June 12
Nov. 17 20 27
1758 (contimxd)
Schuvaloft', John de.
Lambe, Robert, LL.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Peterborough.
Grindall, Richard.
Marsili, Giovanni, M.I).
Allioni, Carlo, M.D.
Verney, Ralph, Earl.
Tufnell, George Forster.
Maskelyne, Rev. Nevil ; afterwards l).l).
Stuart, James ('Athenian Stuart').
Hadley, John ; afterwards M.I).
Bushe, Amyas.
Drury, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Gisborne, Thomas, M.D.
Torres, Joseph Ignacio de, M.D.
1759
Anderson, John.
Foscarini, Marco (afterwards Doge of Venice).
Carafa, Giovanni, Duca di Noia.
Salvador, Joseph.
Saunders, Erasmus, D.D.
Wright, Edward, M.D.
Hooper, Edward.
Venuti, Filippo.
Lloyd, John, M.B.
Petit, John Lewis; afterwards M.D.
Delaval, Edward Hussey.
Blanshard, Wilkinson, M.B.
Royen, David van, M.D.
1760
Zanotti, Eustachio.
Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de.
Pereira, Jacob Rodrigue.
Saluzzo (Saluces), Giuseppe, Conte di.
Gorter, David de, M.D.
Dyer, Samuel.
Wilkes, Israel.
Tissot, S. A. D.
Bernard, John, M.D.
Meerman, Gerard, LL.D.
Comyn, James.
Cavendish, Hon. Henry.
Michell, John, B.D.
Musgrave, Samuel ; afterwards M.D.
King George III, Patron.
Ryves, Thomas.
Loten, John Gideon.
RECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
of Election
Nov. :.»7
11
n
18
Jan. 15
••
22
Feb. 5 19
Mar. 12 Apr. 2
9
23 May 7
28
June 11 Nov. 5
12
« 19 Dec. 10
Feb. 4
» 18
.Mar. IS
Apr. 1 22
»»
Juno 17 July 1 Nov. 11
?» 25
i!
1760 (continued)
York, Edward, Duke of.
Himsel, Nicholas de, M.I).
Cumberland, William, Duke of.
Albertini, Giambattista, Principe di San Saverino.
Ferner, Benedict
Baldwin, Roger.
I A- Sue, Jean Joseph.
1761
Boscovich, Roger Joseph.
Reynolds, Joshua; afterwards Kt., P.R.A.
Adanson, Michel.
Dumaresq, Daniel, D.D.
Genevois, Jean Alexandre.
Hamilton, Hugh ; afterwards D.D. and Bp. of Ossory.
Haemstede, Rev. Hendrik van.
Boo tie, Richard Wilbraham.
Darwin, Erasmus, M.D.
Eckersall, George.
Adam, Robert (the architect).
Dollond, John.
Panzano, Martin.
Hudson, William.
Devonshire, William, Duke of.
Gaertner, Joseph, M.D.
Wood, Thomas, LL.D.
Heberden, Thomas, M.D.
1-Vrrers, Washington, Earl.
1762
Baker, George, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Dtiearel, Andrew Coltee, D.C.L.
White, Charles.
Fronchin, Theodore, M.D.
Luloss, Johan.
Burrow, Robert.
Dodgson, Charles; afterwards Bishop of Ossory.
Turbilly, Francois Henri, marquis de.
Abeille, Louis Paul.
Hrereton, Owen Salusbury.
Holstein, .lohn Louis. (1ount.
I-'it/lierbert, William.
Webb, Robert.
T\ ndall, Thomas.
I'ulteney, Richard; afterwards M.D.
I'Vlfon, Samuel.
Plait, .Io>hua.
Boliadscli, .Johann Baptist.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKK
I KLl.o\VS 851
Date of Election
Feb.. 10 17
Mar. 10
»»
Apr. 21
May 12
June 2 9
j> 23
Nov. 10 17 24
Jan. 12
» 19
26 Feb. 16
23
Mar. 8
15
29 Apr. 5
May 3 10 17
176:*
Helvetius, Johun Anton.
Nivernois, Louis .Jules, <ln<- dr.
Wollaston, George; afterwards D.I).
Buchner, Count Andreas Eli as.
Morosini, Loren/o.
Matani, Antonio, M.I).
Gronovius, Laurence Theodore.
Hornsby, Thomas ; afterwards D.I).
Shepherd, Anthony, B.D.
Raulin, Joseph, M.D.
Waring, Edward; afterwards M.D.
Watson, Jonathan
Duane, Matthew.
Harris, James.
Fothergill, John, M.D.
Gallean, Charles Hyacinth Antoine, due dr.
Turton, John, M.B.
Ferguson, James.
Lalande, Joseph Jerome le Franrois dr.
1764
Duclos, Charles.
Yeoman, Thomas.
Charles William Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick.
Strati co, Count Simone.
Camus, Charles 6tienne Louis.
Kennicott, Benjamin, D.D.
Powell, William Samuel, D.D.
Berthoud, Ferdinand.
Swinney, Sidney, D.D.
Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, M.D.
Gaubius, Hieronymus David.
Schafter, Jacob Christian.
Hillsborough, Wills, Earl of; afterwards Marquess of
Downshire.
Warren, Richard, M.D. Lloyd, Charles. Picquigny, Louis Marie Joseph d' Albert d'Ailly, due de ;
afterwards due de Chaulncs. Harvey, Eliab.
Moltke, Adam Gottlob, Count of Bregentved. Meuschen, Fredrik Christian. Morris, Michael, M.D. Pott, Percival. Franks, Naphthali. Chabert, Joseph Bernard, marquis de. Campbell, John.
RECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
June 7
55
28
July 5
55 12
Nov. 22 Dec, <: 13
Jan. 24 Feb. 14
28
Mar. 7
55 21 28 Apr. 25
Mav 9 16 23
June 13
55
20
55 5>
Nm. 7 14
Dec,
1764 (continued)
Solamler. Daniel Charles, M.I).
I 'alias, IVter Simon, M.D.
Kgmont, John, Earl of.
Stewart. Matthew, D.U.
Willett, Ralph.
Feronce. Jean Baptiste de.
\\Ybb. Sir John, Bt.
Wilkinson, John, M.D.
Sharpr. Fane William.
Glasse, Samuel, D.U.
\Vjirirciitin, Teter.
Roebuck, John, M.D.
Cigna, Giovanni Francesco, M.D.
Messier, Charles.
Trevor, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Viscount Hampden.
1765
Stebbing, Henry, D.D.
Werthern, Johann Georg Heinrich, Graf von.
Nicoll, John.
Percival, Thomas ; afterwards M.D.
Stanley, Edward.
Morgan, John, M.D.
Carburi, Conte Giovanni Battista.
Jebb, Richard ; afterwards Bt.
Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Jacques Elie de.
Bergman, Torbern Olof.
Harrison, William.
Can vane, Peter, M.D.
Caraccioli, Marchese Domenico.
Cuthbert, John.
Houghton, Henry; afterwards Bt.
Tennent, John, M.D.
Coj>e, Sir John Mordaunt, Bt.
Bentinck, John.
Lewin, John.
Cardross, David, Ix>rd ; afterwards Earl of Buchan.
Barncwall, Hon. Matthias.
Hopkins, Daniel; afterwards M.D.
Bruhl, Johann Moritz, Graf von.
Urdrrn, SiiriMiiond, (iraf von.
HCM^. John, M.D.
I.owth, Robert, D.I). ; afterwards Bishop of Oxford.
Price. Kichanl, D.I).
Ka\<. Id v. Itichard ; afterwards LL.D. and Bt.
Mayer. Christian.
CHRONOLOGICAL RK(.ISTKK <)1 I I LloWS 858
Date of Election
1766
Jan. 16 23
Feb. 13 20
Mar. 13
»i 20
Apr. 10 24
5?
May 1
8
5?
15
29 June 5
12 19 Nov. 6
Dec. 11
Jan. 8 15 22 29
Feb. 5
« 12
26
Mar. 19 26
Landen, John.
Keate, George.
Montigny, Charles Daniel Trudaino de.
Mills, John.
Winthrop, John.
Grosley, Pierre Jean.
Stephens, Tyringham.
Graeme, William.
Astle, Thomas.
Letch, John, M.D.
Coyer, Francois Gabriel, Abbe.
Strange, John.
Monro, Donald, M.D.
Harper, Samuel.
Anguish, Thomas.
Banks, Joseph; afterwards D.C.L. and Bt. (P.R.S. 1778).
Hasted, Edward.
Williams, Dionysius.
Morse, Leonard.
Lort, Michael, B.D.
Lee, Arthur, M.D.
Portland, William Henry, Duke of.
Webber, William.
Riz, David.
Priestley, Joseph, LL.D.
Forster, Thomas.
Hamilton, William; afterwards Kt. and D.C.L
(archaeologist). Poland, Stanislaus Augustus, King of.
1767
Putman, Rev. Henry.
Exeter, Brownlow, Earl of.
Pollok, Allan, M.D.
Holwell, John Zephaniah.
Tissington, Anthony.
Woulfe, Peter.
Hunter, John (anatomist).
Nasmyth, Sir James, Bt. (botanist).
Fludyer, Sir Thomas.
Hope, John, M.D.
Eyre, Richard, D.D.
Baltimore, Frederick, Lord.
Pennant, Thomas.
Mytton, John.
Butt, John Martin, M.D.
Wright, Richard ; afterwards M.D.
Kirby, Joshua.
A a
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
Mar. 2 Apr. 2
30
May 7 14 21
28
»
June 4 18
July 9 Dec. 10
17
V
Feb. 18 25
Mar. 17 24
Apr. 14
21
May 5
M
12
June 2
H
16
Sept. 1 Nov. 10
1767 (continued)
Roy, Col. William ; afterwards Maj. -General.
Winterton, Edward, Earl.
Grinfield, Steddy.
Malliet, John.
Watson, Henry.
Parker, John ; afterwards Lord Boringdon.
James, William.
Horsley, Samuel ; afterwards D.C.L., Bp. of St. Asaph.
Hunter, William, M.D.
Geach, Francis ; afterwards M.D.
King, Edward.
Smith, Adam ('The Wealth of Nations').
Mylne, Robert.
Chamier, Anthony.
Steevens, George.
Dillon, Hon. Charles ; afterwards Dillon Lee.
Weston, Robert.
Barrington, Hon. Dainas.
Howard, Hon. Charles ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk.
Miiiet, Daniel.
L'Epinasse, Charles.
Witchell, George.
Bennet, Richard Henry Alexander.
Watson, William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D. and Kt.
Manning, Owen, B.D.
Greville, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Warwick.
Radnor, William, Earl of.
1768
Huck, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Huck-Saunders.
Moore, Charles.
Dargent, James.
Howard, Charles ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk.
Harris, Daniel.
Horsfall, James.
Penneck, Richard.
Nugent, Christopher, M.D.
Cowley, John Lodge.
Majendie, John James ; afterwards D.D.
Darker, John.
Dimdiis, Thomas; afterwards Bt. and Lord.
I Irathcote, John.
Spallan/ani, Lazzaro.
Bertier, Joseph 6tienne.
Morcll, Thomas, D.D.
Christian VII, King of Denmark.
Kmlyn, Thomas.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>1 1 I I lo\VS 855
Date of Election
Nov. 24
Feb. 2 9 16 23
Mar. 16
Apr. 13 20
May 11 25
June 1
>»
8 Nov. 16
Jan. 11
Mar. 1
8
15
55
Apr. 5
26 May 3
'io
17 31
June 21
July 5 Nov. 8
55
22
Jan. 3 Feb. 14
1768 (rontinued)
Clive, Robert, I /ml. I^ashley, Thomas, M.I).
1769
Watson, Richard ; after wards D.I), mid Up. of LUndaJT.
Caverhill, John; afterwards M.I).
Waring, Richard Hill.
jreive, James, M.D.
Dimsdale, Thomas, M.I). (Russian Baron).
ftuxham, John Corham.
Wollaston, Rev. Francis, LL.B.
Sharpe, William.
Burzynski, Thaddeus Joseph, Count de.
[ngenhous/, John, M.D.
Raspe, Rudolf Eric.
Morand, Jean Francois Clement, M.D.
Wyatt, William.
[bbetson, John.
1770
Masseran, , Prince de.
Lane, Timothy.
Farr, William, M.D.
Beauclerk, Hon. Topham.
Hewson, William.
Welsh, James, M.D.
Planta, Andrew Joseph.
Russell, Francis.
Macarthy, Justin.
Bayford, David ; afterwards M.D.
Salis, Henry Jerome de ; afterwards D.D.
Collignon, Charles, M.D.
Pitcairn, William, M.D.
Dickson, Thomas, M.D.
Douglas, Charles ; afterwards Bt. and Admiral.
Bergius, Peter Jonas, M.D.
Le Roy, Charles, M.D.
Healde, Thomas, M.D.
Thomas, Edward.
Browne, Isaac Hawkins
Walsh, John.
Thomson, Rev. Samuel Welles, D.D.
Arbuthnot, John.
1771
Erskine, Robert. Dalrymple, Alexander.
Aa2
afterwards D.C.L.
JJ.lli
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Feb. 17
2]
28
Mar. 14 Apr. 11 May 2 "
16 30
5?
June 6
Nov. 7 14
Dec. 5 12
Jan. 9
16
Feb. 13 20 27
Apr. 2
» 9
30
May 7 28
« June 4
«
18
25
July 9
Nov. 12 19
Dec, 24
1771 (contimted)
Baker, John Wynn.
King, Rev. John Glen ; afterwards D.D.
Tyrwhitt, Thomas (Chaucerian scholar).
1 Toward, Samuel.
Tunstall, Marmaduke.
Maseres, Francis.
Paradise, John ; afterwards D.C.L.
Maty (Matty), Paul Henry.
Walker, George.
Poczobut, Rev. Father Martin.
Limbourg, John Philip tfe, M.D.
Stephens, Philip ; afterwards Bt.
Petty, James.
Frere, John.
Courland, Peter, Duke of.
Duncan, Sir William, Bt.
Way, Benjamin.
Phipps, Hon. Constantine John ; afterwards Lord Mul-
grave. Hopton, Richard Cope.
1772
Jodrell, Richard Paul. Aubert, Alexander. Booth, Benjamin.
Jackson, Rev. Cyril ; afterwards D.D. Pigott, Nathaniel. Greville, Hon. Charles Francis. Carnac, Brigadier-General John. Forster, Johann Reinhold ; afterwards LL.D. Folkes, Martin ; afterwards Bt. Swinden, Philip van. Pownall, Thomas (' Governor Pownall '). Jones, William ; afterwards Kt. Milman, Francis ; afterwards M.D. and Bt. Lytton, Richard Warburton. Perrin, William Philip. Kuckahn, Tesser Samuel. ( 'aldani, Marc' Antonio Leopoldo. (iossct, Uc\. Isaac, M.A. ; afterwards D.D. Blagden, (Charles, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. Poore, Edward. :, John.
rlli, Kenneth, Earl of. Jackson, Humphry.
Mahon, Charles, Viscount; afterwards Earl Stanhope. , John.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTER OF FELLOWS 857
Date of Election
Feb. 18
99
25 Mar. 4
99
18 25 Apr. 1
99
22 29
May 20
99
27
99
June 10
99 99 99 99
17 Nov. 18
99
25 Dec. 16
Feb. 17 Mar. 3
99
10 17
Apr. 21 28
May 12
99
19
June 2
99 99 99
177,'*
Yorke, Hon. John.
Bethune, John.
Lever, Ashton ; afterwards Kt.
Bayley, Thomas Butterworth.
Guernsey, Heneage, Lord ; afterwards K. of Ayleaford.
Earle, William Benson.
Brydone, Patrick.
Falconer, William, M.D.
Ives, John.
Polwarth, Alexander, Lord.
Carmarthen, Francis, Marquess of.
Plymouth, Other, Earl of.
Livius, Peter.
Blyke, Richard.
Henley, William.
Bancroft, Edward ; afterwards M.D.
Dummer, Thomas.
Smith, John ; afterwards Bt.
O'Brien, Sir Lucius Henry, Bt.
Frankland, Thomas ; afterwards Bt
Garden, Alexander, M.D.
Stehelin, Jacob de.
Le Roy, Jean Baptiste.
De Luc, Jean Andre.
Preston, Jacob.
Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, Bt.
Lettsom, John Coakley, M.D.
Dixon, Jeremiah.
Lind, John.
Burney, Charles, Mus.Doc.
1774
Planta, Joseph.
Paoli, Gen. Pasquale de.
Nooth, John Mervin, M.D.
Teighe, Michael, M.D.
Musgrave, Sir William, Bt.
Magalhaens (or Magellan), Jean Hyacinth de.
Young, Arthur.
Duval, Rev. Philip ; afterwards D.D.
Michell, Richard.
Gould, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D.
M°Kenzie, Murdoch.
Ellis, John.
Pigott, Granado.
Poissonnier, Pierre, M.D.
Eckhardt, Anton Georg.
De Born, le Chevalier Ignarc.
858
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Da Election |
1774 (continued) |
|
June (J |
Walker, James, M.D. |
|
«« |
Craufunl, Patrick George. |
|
N |
Twiss, Richard. |
|
16 |
I lut ton, Charles ; afterwards LL.D. |
|
Nov. 10 |
Duroure, Francis. |
|
24 |
Cotton, Robert Salusbury. |
|
Dei-. 8 |
Bagnall, John. |
|
ft |
Adyc, John Willett. |
|
15 |
Lloyd, John. |
|
22 |
Shuckburghf-Evelyn], Sir George Augustus William, |
|
1775 |
|
|
Feb. 2 |
Hunter, Alexander, M.D. |
|
16 |
Melvill, General Robert. |
|
23 |
Milles, Rev. Jeremiah; afterwards D.D. |
|
Mar. 2 |
Cullum, Rev. Sir John, Bt. |
|
9 |
Gough, Richard. |
|
16 |
Barker, Sir Robert, Kt. |
|
23 |
Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D. |
|
30 |
Rawlinson, Sir Walter, Kt. |
|
55 |
James, William ; afterwards Bt. |
|
55 |
Napier, James ; afterwards Kt. |
|
J» |
Hey, William. |
|
Apr. 27 May 4 |
Dutens, Rev. Louis. Constable, William. |
|
18 |
Henry, Thomas. |
|
25 |
Latham, John ; afterwards M.D. |
|
June 1 |
Sterling, Robert. |
|
« |
Scjour, Achille Pierre Dionis du. |
|
55 |
Le Sage, Georges Louis. |
|
22 |
Jones, Rev. William. |
|
Nov. 9 |
Call, John ; afterwards Bt. |
|
55 |
Pitt, John. |
|
Dec. 7 |
Hatton, George Fineh. |
|
14 |
Justamond, John Obadiah. |
|
«• |
1 1 ume, Sir Abraham, Bt. |
|
1776 |
|
|
Jan. 11 M |
Bruce. James (the African Explorer). Combe, Charles ; afterwards M.D. |
|
L8 |
Elliot, John ; afterwards Admiral. |
|
25 |
Ker, Robert. |
|
Feb. 15 |
Fonlyce. George, M.D. |
|
21) Mar. 14 |
Cook, James (the Circumnavigator). Marslwm, Hon. Charles; afterwards Earl Romney. |
|
21 |
Prime, Samuel. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGIS I KK <>1 1 I I lo\\>
Date of Election
1776 (continued)
Apr. 18 25
May 9
55 16
19
23 June 6
55
55 55
13
55
20 Nov. 7 Dec. 19
Jan. 9
55
Feb. 13
55
20 Mar. 13
Apr. 10 17 24
May 1 8
29
55
June 3
55
19 Nov. 13
27 Dec. 18
Norton, Sir Fletcher ; afterwards Lord Grantley.
Chambers, Sir William, K t .
Cooper, William, D.I).
Taylor, John ; afterwards Bt.
Meyrick, Owen Putland.
Alleyne, John.
Chetwode, Sir John, Bt.
Stewart, John.
Stinton, George, D.D.
Calderwood, William.
Rezzonico, il principe Abondio.
Villoison, Jean Gaspar d'An
Davila, Pedro.
Atwood, George.
Crofts, Thomas.
Nairne, Edward.
Hemming, Samuel.
Palmerston, Henry, Viscount.
Wales, William.
Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of.
1777
Russell, William.
Forster, Georg ; afterwards M.D.
Mackworth, Sir Herbert, Bt.
Cowper, George Nassau Clavering, Earl.
Grosvenor, Richard, Lord ; afterwards Earl.
Brown, William.
Shuldham, Molyneux, Lord ; Admiral.
Bridgen, Edward.
Wolf, Nathaniel Matthew, M.D.
Osborne, John.
Shuttleworth, Robert.
Hamilton, Anthony, D.D.
Nolcken, Gustavus Adam, Baron.
Cullen, William, M.D.
Pelham, Charles Anderson; afterwards Lord
borough.
Amiens, Edward, Lord. Peachey, John ; afterwards Lord Selsey. Mudge, John.
Ortega, Casimir Gomez de, M.D. Toaldo, Giuseppe. White, Thomas. Wegg, George Samuel. Russell, Patrick, M.D. Lind, James, M.D.
,'HIO
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
Jan. 8 Feb. 1J
19
Mar. 5
12
26
Apr. :„» 9
55
30 May 14
June 4 18
25
Nov. 5
12 Dec. 24
Jan. 21 Feb. 4 11
18 25
Mar. 11
18
Apr. 15
22 n
29
May 6
1778
1'Yaser, Hon. Archibald Campbell.
Dobson, Matthew, M.D.
Wyatt, John.
Englefield, Henry Charles ; afterwards Bt.
Partridge, Henry.
Walsingham, Hon. Robert Boyle ; afterwards Lord
Walsingham. DC- (irey, Thomas. Wright, William, M.D. Watson, James ; afterwards Kt. Lavanl, Rev. Charles Peter; afterwards D.D. Caulfeild, Wade Toby.' Nash, Joseph.
Cave, Thomas ; afterwards Bt. Heath, Benjamin. Hodgkinson, Robert Banks. Howard, William Augustus, M.D. Else, Joseph. Shadwell, Lancelot. Worsley, Sir Richard, Bt. Hay, Alexander, M.D. Preston, Rev. William. Lockman, Rev. John, D.D. Douglas, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D., Bp. of Carlisle,
and then of Salisbury. Dawkins, Henry. Fothergill, Anthony, M.D. Alstroemer, John.
1779
Wen man, Hon. Thomas Francis. Carysfort, John Joshua, Earl of. Seward, William. Gray, Edward Whitaker, M.D. Tyson, Rev. Michael. Jebb, Rev. John. M.D. Richardson, Rev. Robert, D.D. Farr, Samuel, M.D.
Thomas; afterwards M.D. !Jagge» Henry. (ilenie, Lieut. James. Bromfield, Robert, M.D. Topham, John. Huxton, (ii-orge, M.D. Thompson, Benjamin ; afterwards Kt. and Count
Rmnfonl.
Payne, Sir Ralph, K.B. ; afterwards Lord Lavington. Smyth, -lames Carmichael, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL RKC.ISTKK <>1 I I I I o\VS 861
Date of Ekctwn
May 6
» 13
Tune 3 17
?>
24
Nov. 4 11
5»
18
»
Dec. 9 16
Jan. 10 20 27
Feb. 10
17 24
Mar. 2
9
Apr. 6 ?» 13 27
May 25 June 1 8 15 Nov. 9
J5
16
Feb. 8
j> 15
Mar. 1 8
1779 (nnit'ni
Poll, Ginsrppr.
o( ISOM. John, M.I). Whitehurst, John. Kniiisford, Maj.-(ici). ( h.in Dupre, Josia-. Kippis, Andrew, D.I). Fullarton, William. Murray, Hon. James. Sinnnoiis, Samuel Foart, M.I). Henniker, John ; afterwards HI. and Haron. Grant, John. Jennings, John. Wilmot, John. Cavallo, Tiberius. Hamersley, Hugh.
1780
Gloucester, William Henry, Duke of.
Belluga, Bernardo dr.
Onslow, Hon. Edward.
Anspach und Bayreuth. Christian Friedrich Carl
Alexander, Margraf von. Upper Ossory, John, Earl of. Kirwan, Richard. Desaguliers, Lieut.-Gen. Thoina^. Silvester, John. Marsham, Robert. Petre, Robert Edward, Lord.
Althorp, George John, Vise. ; afterwards E. Spencer. Casaux, Charles, marquis de. Moultou, Pierre. Duroure, Lieut.-Col. John. Ord, John.
Podmanctzky, Baron Joseph Louis dr. Milner, Rev. Isaac; afterwards l).l). Atholl, John, Duke of. Pepys, Lucas, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. Hurlock, Philip. Penton, Henry.
1781
Daschaw, Paul, Prince.
Hay garth, John.
Young, George ; afterwards Kt.
De^Femirs, George, Ix>rd ; afterwards Karl of Leicester. King, Capt. James, R.N., LL.D. Yeats, Thomas Pattinson.
362
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
Mar. 8
15 22 29
Apr. 5 May 3
10
17
5?
June 14 July 5 Nov. 8
15 Dec. 6
20
Jan. 17 Feb. 14
?5
21 28 ••
•)i
Mar. 14 n
Apr. 11
»
25 Nov. 7
Jan. 9 16
1781 (contwutcd)
Lightfoot, Rev. John.
Rennell, James.
Davies, Capt. Thomas.
Franks, William.
Cheston, Richard Brown.
Agar, Welbore Ellis.
Calvert, Peter, LL.I).
Wevelinchoven, Anthony de.
Lewisham, George, Viscount; afterwards Earl of
Dartmouth.
Barbiano and Belgiojoso, Charles Maria Lewis, Count of. Price, Richard Parry.
Bowdler, Thomas, M.D. (Editor of Shakspeare). Shepherd, Rev. Richard ; afterwards D.D. Price. James; afterwards M.D. Fly, Rev. Henry ; afterwards D.D. Vyse, William, LL.D. Reynolds, Henry Revell, M.D. Blackburne, Thomas, M.D. Edgworth, Richard Lovell. Leslie, Patrick Duguid, M.D. Windham, Joseph. Egerton, Rev. Francis Henry. Jodrell, Paul ; afterwards M.D. and Kt. Herschel, William ; afterwards LL.D. and K.H. Leith, Theodore Forbes, M.D.
1782
North, Hon. George Augustus ; afterwards Earl of
Guilford.
Coxe, Rev. William.
Broussonet, Peter Maria Augustus, M.D. Beaufoy, Henry.
Peachey, Sir James ; afterwards Lord Selsey. Wilbraham, Roger. Bristol, Frederick Augustus, Earl of; D.D. and Bishop
of Derry.
Greig, Sir Samuel, llurlock, Joseph. Braithwaite, Daniel. Pitcairn, David; afterwards M.D. Guthrie, Matthew, M.I). Gunning, John. Anker, Ik-nit.
1783
\Vyndham, Henry Penruddock. Wedgwood, Josiah.
CHRONOLOGICAL RKUISTKK <>1 I I LLOWS
Date of Election
Jan. 23
Mar. 6 13 20
Z* . 3 « 8 15 29 June 5
July 10
Feb. 19
Apr. 22 29
May 13 ?> 27
June 10 17 24
Aug. 12
Dec. 16
23
Jan. 13 Feb. 3
24 Mar. 17
Apr. 21
j?
28 May 12
26 June 9
16
1788
Hollingbery, Rev. Thomas, 1)1)
Marsden, William ; afterward 1 ) < I
Raper, Matthew.
Wilson, John.
Law, John ; afterwards D.I), and Bishop of Clonf.
Sheffield, John, Lord ; afterwards Karl of Sheffield.
Brownlow, John, Ixml.
Fournier, Gideon.
Barnard, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Killaloe.
Caramanico, Francesco d* Aquino, Prince of.
Dreyer, Christopher William de.
Tooke, Rev. William.
Page, Capt. Thomas Hyde; afterwnnU Kl.
1784
Breadalbane, John, Earl of.
Kinnaird, George, Lord.
Gresley, Rev. Thomas, D.D.
Sheldon, John.
Salisbury, James, Earl of; afterwards Marquess.
Yonge, Sir George.
Harwood Busick, M.B.; afterwards M.I), and Kt.
Mount Edgcumbe, George, Viscount ; afterwards Earl.
Hoare, Henry Hugh.
Malaspina di Sannazzaro, Luigi Marchese di.
Sinclair, John ; afterwards Bt.
Whitefoord, Caleb.
Gordon, Alexander, Duke of.
Bavaria, Carl Theodor, Elector Palatine of.
Potter, Thomas.
Blane, Gilbert, M.D.
1785
Tennant, Smithsoii ; afterwards M.D.
Buckinghamshire, John, Earl of.
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Earl of.
Morton, George, Earl of.
Pretyman, Rev. George ; afterwards D.D., Bishop c
Lincoln, and Bt. ; assumed name of lomlme. Graham, Aaron. Hallifax, Robert, M.D.
Woide, Rev. Charles Godfrey ; afterwards D.C.L* Pringle, Lieut.-Col. Robert. Holford, Stayner.
Smith, James Edward ; afterwards M.D. an< Beauvoir, Rev. Osmond, D.D. Udny, Robert. Neave, Richard.
364
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
Nov. M-l
Dec
15
Jan. 12
19
Feb. 2 9
23 Mar. 9
16 23
Apr. 6 May 4
?» 11
18
M
25
June 1 15
22 . 9 16
Jan. 11 is 26
l,t, IB
1785 (continued)
Ussher, Rev. Henry.
Watt, James; afterwards LL.l).
Withering, William, M.D.
Boulton. Matthew.
(ialton, Samuel.
Heir, James.
Ilenniker, Major Jolm ; afterwards Lord Henniker.
Cracherode, Rev. Clayton Mordaunt.
Sullivan (Sulivan), Richard Joseph ; afterwards Bt.
1786
Ranisdeii, Jesse.
Hunter, John, M.D.
Arden, Charles George, Baron.
Grimston, James Bucknal.
Thomson, Alexander ; afterwards Kt.
Parkinson, Rev. Thomas.
Holliday, John.
Scale, Rev. John Barlow.
Whitefield, Rev. Henry, D.D.
Thomson, William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D.
Eden, Rt. Hon. William ; afterwards Baron Auckland.
Goodricke, John.
Vallancey^ Col. Charles.
Molesworth, Richard.
D'Auvergne, Philip, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards due de
Bouillon.
Crawford, Adair, M.D. Webster, Sir Godfrey, Bt. Palmer, William Finch. Martyn, Rev. Thomas, B.D. Ilewett, Rev. John. Marlborough, George, Duke of. Ilivs, Rev. Abraham, D.D. Turner, Edmund. Yoim<;-, William; afterwards Bt. V inee, Rev. Samuel. MacBean, Col. Forbes. Oldershaw, l{ev. John.
Wollaston, Rev. Francis John Hyde ; afterwards B.D. Hos(-, R(;v. William.
1787
Fonlycc. Sir William, Kt.
Piirtrott. Arthur; afterwards Kt.
Pitt. William Morton.
Middleton, Henry Willoughby, Lord.
Home. K\rrard ; since Kt.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKR <)! I I I I < >VVS
Date of Election
May 3
17 June 14 Nov. 8
22
55
Dec. 6
Jan. 17 Feb. 21 Mar. 6
Apr. 3
55 55
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
10 17 24 May 1
1787
Staunton, Sir (iro r«;v Leonard, lit.
Erskine, I Ion. Thomas ; afterwards Ix>rd 1
Salisbury, Richard Anthony ; formerly Markham.
Fife, James, Earl of.
Coutinho, L. Pinto dc- Sousa (Chc\aii.-i d.- Pinto).
Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery, Bt.
Macie, James Lewis; afterwards James Smith
Rawdon, Francis, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Moira and Marquess of Ha^lin^.
Ord, Craven.
Bli/ard, William; afterwards Kt.
Bentinck, William.
Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg, Ernest, Duke of.
Ash, John, M.I).
Vay de Vaja, Baron Nicolas.
Parsons, William.
Loughborough, Alexander Weddi-rburn. I/>rd; after- wards Earl of Rosslyn.
Parkyns, Thomas Boothby ; afterward > Lord Rancliffc.
Goodenough, George Trenchard.
Relhan, Rev. Richard.
1788
Crisp, John.
Darwin, Robert Waring, M.D.
Northumberland, Hugh, Duke of.
Sibthorp, John, M.D.
Hardinge, George.
Crell, Florens Lauren tius Fridericus, M.D.
Perronet, Jean Rodolphe.
Guy ton de Morveau, Louis Bernard.
Lorgna, Antonio Mario.
Bugge, Thomas.
Jacquin, Nicolas Joseph de, M.D.
Hedwig, Johann, M.D.
Bulgaris, Eugenius, Archbishop of Ui
Mann, Theodor Augustin.
Bowdoin, James.
Thunberg, Carolus Petrus, M.D.
De Saussure, Horace Benedict.
Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent.
Adair, James.
Johnson, Robert Augustus.
Pole-Carew, Reginald.
Pearce, William, D.D.
Supple, Richard Brooke; afterward > lit, <
Capell Brooke. Wall, Martin, M.D.
366
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
May 29 June 5 »> 12
Nov. 13 27
.Ian. :26
29
. 26
1788 (continued}
.Mar. 5 19
Apr. 2 30
May 14
Nov. 5 12 19
.Jan. 21
Feb. 11 18
Mar. 18 Apr. 2!)
M;.V 0
18 Jut*
Rashleigh, Philip.
Finlay, John.
Glasgow, George, Earl of.
Wilkins, Charles.
Arden,Sir Richard Pepper, Kt.; afterwards B. Alvanley.
Gibbon, Edward (the Historian).
1789
Cumberland, Henry Frederick William, Duke of.
York, Frederick, Duke of.
Gillies, John, LL.D. ,
Si iaw, George. M.D.
.1 rimer, Edward ; afterwards M.D. (Discoverer of Vac- cination).
Fit/william of Meryon, Richard, Viscount.
Bennet, Rev. Abraham.
Da vies, Jonathan, D.D.
Herzberg, Ewald Friedrich, Graf von.
Berthollet, Claude Louis.
Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de.
Cassini, Jean Dominique, comte de.
Le Gendre, Adrien Marie.
Mechain, Pierre Francois Andre.
Wilcke, John Charles.
Bode, Jolin Elert.
Heyne, Christian Gottlob.
Kiistner, Abraham Gotthelf.
Michaelis, John David.
Goodenough, Samuel, D.C.L. ; afterwards Bp. of Car- lisle.
Eardley, Samson, Earl of.
Morse,' Col. Robert.
Rogers, George.
Wood, Robert.
1790 Hillsborough, Arthur, Earl of ; afterwards Marquess of
Downshire.
Fisher, Rev. Richard ; afterwards Belward. Beanfoy. Mark. Kervo, .John.
Green, Maj.-Gen. Sir William, Bt. Stanley, .John Thomas; afterwards Bt, Klfonl. \\'illiam ; afterwards Bt. Warren. Charles. Morgan, AVilliam. Uanianl. l-'ivdi-rick Augustus. Haillie. Matthew. M.I)'.
CHRONOLOGICAL RKGISTKK <>1 1 I I I < >\VS
Date of Election
une 3 24
ov. 4 11 25
'eb. 17 24 Mar. 10
55
17
24
55 31
1790 (continued)
Ar. 14 ay 5
55 55 55 >5
26
June 23
30
Nov. 17
55 55
Dec. 15
Jekyll, Joseph.
Elphinstone, Hon. George Keith; afterwards I/ml
Keith. Metcalfe, Philip.
Robertson, James, M.D. ; afterwards J. R. Barclay. Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of.
1791
Farmer, Rev. Richard, D.I). Heberden, William ; afterwards M.D. Townley, Charles. Pocock, George. Grant, Lewis Alexander. Best, George. Macleod, Col. Norman. Spranger, John. Poniatowski, Prince Michael. Freire, Cypriano Ribeiro. Lambert, Aylmer Bourke. Walker, Fowler.
Fraser, William ; afterwards Bt.
Chalmers, George.
Hawkins, John.
D'Aubant, Lieut.-Col. Abraham.
Walker, Thomas.
Eyre, Sir James, Kt.
Volt a, Alessandro.
Scarpa, Antonio.
Pictet, Marc Auguste.
Lagrange, Joseph Louis Marie, comte de.
Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph.
UHuilier, Simon.
Bruce, John.
Stanley, Richard.
Pearson, George, M.D.
HJ. Ki
Bisshopp, Sir Cecil, Bt. Huddart, Joseph. Turnbull, John. Willis, Henry Norton.
GUbert afterwards Lord Zouche.
1792
Jan. 19 I Six, James.
Feb. 2 Long, Charles. .
16 Montagu, Rt. Hon. Frederick. Mar. 1 I Weston, Rev. Stephen.
368
RKCOHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Ehvt'uw
1792 (continued)
Mar. 8 15
Apr. 19 26
Max 10 June 7
5»
28
Nov. 15
22
Dcr.
Feb. 7 14
Mar. 7 Apr. 11
n
18 May 9
H
June 6
?»
20 Nov. 7
»
21 Dec-. 12
Jan. ^ Feb. 6
Mar. fi
18
, llev. Thomas, D.D. Chappclow, Rev. Leonard. ( 'larke, Hev. James Stanier. I loan-. Sir Richard Colt, Bt. Kqmarzewski, Lt.-Gen. John. Macartney, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl. Bosville, William. l)avk«s, Samuel.
Shackleford, Rev. Richard Dickson, l).l). Alison, Rev. Archibald, B.C.L. Pennant., David. Solly, Samuel. dime, James, M.D.
1793
Ingilby, Sir John, Bt.
Scott, Sir John, Kt. ; afterwards Earl of Eldon.
Scott, Sir William, Kt. ; afterwards Baron S to well.
Abbot, Charles ; afterwards Baron Colchester.
Richards, Richard.
Douglas, Andrew.
Stephens, Francis.
Mendoza y Rios, Joseph.
Lichtenberg, Gottfried Carl.
Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich.
Tighe, Robert Stearne.
Saunders, William, M.I).
Wollaston, William Hyde, M.I). (P.R.S. 1820).
Bosanquet, Samuel.
Day, Sir John, Kt.
Abbot, John Far.
Campbell, Lord Frederick.
Wells, William Charles, M.D.
Greatheed, Richard Wilson.
Mountmorres, Harvey, Viscount.
Gostling, George.
1794
Watkins, Rev. Thomas.
North, lion. I'Yederick.
MiU'ord, Sir John, Kt. ; afk'nvanls Lord Redesdale.
Earle, James ; since Kt,
I'lnmer, Thomas.
Wynne, Kt. Hon. Sir William, Kt.
Ilutchinson, Kt. Hon. John Hely.
Hcnslou, Sir John, Kt.
Sduneiater, John (Godfrey.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS
late of Election
1794 (conimutd)
Mar. 27
55
Apr. 3 Vlay 1
22
55 29
June 19 26
July 3
55
55 55
10
Nov. 13 20 Dec. 11
Feb. 12
26 Mar. 5
55
19
55
26
Apr. 16
55 55 55
55
2
May 2
June 4
Keate, Thomas.
Walker, John.
Greville, Hon. Robert Fulke.
Walter, Johann Gottlieb, M.I).
Edwards, Bryan. Grieve, John, M.D. Jenkinson, Hon. Robert Banks ; afterward* l»nl
Hawkesbury, and Earl of Liverpool. Young, Thomas ; since M.D.
Mackenzie, Francis Humberstone ; afterwards Lord Seaforth.
3eirson, Peter. Aldersey, Robert. Hulme, Nathaniel, M.D.
Vlajendie, Lewis.
Vlartin, Matthew. Symmons, John.
Dirom, Major Alexander.
Sotheby, William.
Blackburne, John.
Ross, Lieut.-Col. Patrick.
1795
Radnor, Jacob, Earl of.
Gillan, Hugh, M.D.
Boringdon, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Morh-y.
Morpeth, George, Lord.
Douglas, Rt. Hon. Sylvester ; afterwards Ix>rd Glei
bervie.
Montagu, Matthew.
Pegge, Christopher, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. Mathias, Thomas James. Hutchinson, Rev. Benjamin. Young, Samuel. Heath, Rev. George, D.D. Blane, William. Fontana, Gregorio. Oriani, Barnaba. Rittenhouse, David.
Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von, M.D. Fortis, Alberto. Willett, John \Villett. Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Veltheim, August Ferdinand, Graf von. Hamilton, Archibald. Crathorne, Henry. Robertson, Rev. Abraham. Campbell, John ; afterwards Lord Cawdor.
Bb
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of l-lhrtion |
1795 (contimted) |
Nov. 19
Feb. 1 Mar. 3
17 Apr. 14
55
28 May 5
55
26
June 2 Nov. 10
55 17
24 Dec. 22
Jan. 14 26
Feb. 2
Mar. 2
9
55
23 30
Apr. :>7 May 4 11 18
55
25
55
June 1
55
15
22
Petrie, William. Smith, Matthew.
1796
Gibbes, George Smith ; since M.D.
Correa de Serra, Joseph, LL.D.
Langford, Rev. William, D.D.
Larkins, William.
Mordaunt, Lieut-Gen. Thomas Osbert.
Abernethy, John.
Wilson, Glocester.
Lax, Rev. William.
Riou, Capt. Edward, R.N.
Dalrymple, Admiral John.
Hyett, Benjamin.
Lefevre, Charles Shaw.
Latham, William.
Sumner, George Holme.
Howley, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of
London, Abp. of Canterbury. Rogers, Samuel. Smith, Robert. Valentia, George, Viscount. Hellins, Rev. John. Pemberton. Christopher Robert, M.D.
1797
Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke of.
Capper, Robert.
Lysons, Samuel.
Hamond, Sir Andrew Snape, Bt.
Hatchett, Charles.
Aust, George.
Somerset, Edward Adolphus, Duke of.
Parr, Bartholomew, M.D.
Ferris, Samuel, M.D.
Eaton, Rev. Stephen.
Towneley, John.
Wirtemberg, Frederic Charles William, Prince of.
St. Aubin, Sir John, Bt.
Ellis, George.
Lysons, Rev. Daniel.
Browne, Henry.
Clifford, I Ion." Robert.
Battine, William, LL.D.
(Yuikshank, William.
Fireman, Charle>.
Titsingh, Isaac.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER 01 MlloWS 871
Date of Election
1797 (continued)
July 6
Nov. 23 Dec. 7 14
Mar. 22 29 Apr. 19
55 55 55
May 10 June 7
21
28 Nov. 8
15 Dec. 6
13
Jan. 17 Apr. 4 11
55
18
May 2 23 30
Nov. 7 14 21
Dec. 12
Jan. 9
16
Feb. 6 Apr. 24 May 8
Srodie, James. Spalding, John. Whitmore, Rev. George. Egremont, George, Earl of. Holmes, Rev. Robert, D.I). Heaviside, John.
1798
Greene, Thomas. Rennie, John. Ryan, John. Lee, Stephen. Duncan, Alexander. Gallitzin, Prince Demetrius. Afzelius, Adam, M.D. Schroeter, Johann Jerom. Marum, Martin van, M.D. Paterson, Lieut.-Col. William. Hills, Philip. Fergusson, Finlay. Mudge, Capt. William. Jackson, Samuel. Gay, Nicholas. Gregg, Henry. Hobhouse, Benjamin.
1799
Howard, Edward.
Drummond, William.
East, Edward ; since Kt. and Bt.
Clark, James, M.D.
Hills, Philip.
Popham, Capt. Home, R.N.
Blair, Archibald.
Cocks, Hon. Reginald.
Mills, Abraham.
Sabine, Joseph.
Moussin Puschkin, Count Apollon of.
Carnegie, Sir David, Bt.
Roberts, Edward, M.D.
Bute, John, Marquess of.
1800
Jones, Thomas. Scott, John Corse. Henley, Frederick Morton, Lord. Pelham, Thomas; afterwards Earl of Chichest Crichton, Alexander, M.D. Bb2
372
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1800 (continued)
May 8 15 22
29
June 12 19 26
Nov. 27 Dec. 18
55 55 55
Jan. 8
15
Feb. 26 Mar. 5
55
12
55
26
Apr. 16
55
23 30
May 7 21
55
June 4 11
55
18 25
Nov. 12
K> 24
Feb. 18 25
Exeter, Henry Cecil, Earl of.
Macdonald, John.
Parry, Caleb Hillier, M.D.
Jordan, Gibbes Walker.
Pole, Rear-Adm. Charles Morice ; afterwards Bt.
Carrington, Robert, Lord.
Hippisley, Sir John Cox, Bt.
Meyrick, James.
Maton, William George, M.B.
Dickinson, Charles.
Douglas, Rev. William.
Carrington, Codrington Edmund ; afterwards Kt.
Symes, Lieut-Col. Michael.
Mountnorris, Arthur, Earl of.
1801
Marsh, Rev. Herbert ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of Peterborough.
Turner, Samuel.
Smith, Capt. Matthew, R.N.
Stirling, Sir Walter, Bt.
Chenevix, Richard.
Ellis, John.
Balme, Rev. Edward.
Antrobus, Edmund.
Isted, George.
Wilson, Giffin.
Long, William.
Davy, Martin, M.D.
Latham, John, M.D.
Hailstone, Rev. John.
Bligh, Capt. William, R.N.
Williams, John Lloyd.
Roberts, Roger Elliot.
Gordon, Lt.-Col. James Willoughby ; afterwards Bt.
Nixon, Rev. Robert, B.D.
Ash, Edward, M.D.
Hastings, Warren, Governor-General of India; after- wards D.C.L
Yorke, lit. Hon. Charles Philip.
Forstor, Rev. Edward.
Wisst-t.t, Robert.
1802
( 'ooper, Astley Paston ; afterwards Bt. Knox, Hon. George. Burney, Charles; afterwards D.D. Bournon, Jacques Louis, comte de.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 878
Date of Election
Mar. 4
55 11
Apr. 1 May 6
55
20
June 24 July 1 8 Nov. 11
55
Dec. 9 16 23
Jan. 13
Feb. 10
17
55
24 Mar. 3
10
55
17 24
55
31
Apr. 28 May 19 Nov. 17
24
Feb. 2
23
Mar. 1 1 8
55
15 Apr. 12
1802 (contmttcd)
Liptrap, John.
Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph, Elector 1'alatiuc of.
Ware, James.
Fowler, Richard, M.D.
Knatchbull, Edward ; afterwards Bt.
Millington, Langford.
Douglas, Alexander, Marquess of; afterwards Duke of
Hamilton.
Mansfield, William, Earl of. Cruickshank, William. Biggin, George. Trotter, John. Seymour, Lord Webb. Castlereagh, Henry Robert, Viscount. Turner, Dawson. Woodhouse, Robert. Minto, Gilbert, Lord. Hilliard, Edward.
1803
Blaquiere, John, Lord de.
Upton, Hon. Fulke Greville.
Raine, Rev. Matthew, D.D.
Rackett, Rev. Thomas.
Glandore, John, Earl of.
Brougham, Peter Henry; afterwards Lord Brougham
and Vaux.
Smith, John Spencer. Blizard, Thomas. Brinkley, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of
Cloyne.
Forbes, James. Pearson, John.
Charleville, Charles William, Viscount. Staunton, Sir George Thomas, Kt. ; afterwards D.C.L. Wilson, James.
Davy, Humphry ; afterwards Kt. and Bt. (P.R.S. 1! Gregory, Richard.
1804
Dillwyn, Lewis Weston.
Huntingford, George Isaac, D.D., Bp. of Gloucester.
Anker, Carsten.
Howell, Thomas Bayly.
Carlisle, Anthony ; afterwards Kt.
Conolly, Valentine.
Piazzi, Rev. Giuseppe.
Zach, Franz Xaver, Freiherr von.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
i Died the day be- fore.
Date of Election
Apr. 12
26 May 10
17
31 June 7
21
Nov. 15 Dec. 6
13
Jan. 10
55
31 Feb. 14
21 Mar. 7
14
21 28
Apr. 25 May 2 23 30
June 13 July 4
Nov. 7 14 21
Jan. 16
55
23 Feb. 13
20
27 Mar. 13
20
1804 (continued)
Gibers, Wilhelm, M.D. Gauss, Carl Friedrich, Ph.D. Kirkwall, John, Viscount. Hutchinson, Andrew, M.B. Nares, Rev. Robert. Short, Charles. Robertson, Robert, M.D. Harrison, Thomas. Hanmer, Sir Thomas, Bt. Wrangham, Rev. Francis. Turner, Col. Tomkyns Hilgrove. Hope, Thomas. Cocksliutt, James. Finch, Thomas.
1805
1 Winnington, Sir Edward, Bt.
Warberg, Olaus.
Rudge, Edward.
Morris, George Paulet, M.D.
Blaquiere, Hon. William.
Ferguson, Robert.
Fermor, Hon. Thomas William ; afterwards Earl of
Pomfret.
Knight, Thomas Andrew. Holford, Robert. Smith, William.
Cust, Hon. John ; afterwards Earl Brownlow. Bristol, Frederick William, Earl of. Babington, William, M.D. Rigaud, Stephen Peter. Murdoch, Thomas.
Barrow, John ; afterwards LL.D. and Bt. Dysart, Wilbraham, Earl of. Loveden, Edward Loveden. Whidbey, Joseph. Dimsdale, Nathaniel (Russian Baron).
1806
Guillemard, John. Carr, Rev. William Holwell. Thomas, Honoratus Leigh. Malet, Sir Charles Warre, Bt. Smith, William. F<»ter, Rt. Hon. John. Wigrnin, Robert; afterwards Kt. Ilorslmrgh, James. Nicholl. Sir John.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS «75
Date of Election
Mar. 20 Apr. 17
May 1
55
15
22
June 12
55
19
Nov. 13 Dec. 18
Jan. 8 15 22
Feb. 5
55
19
26 Mar. 5
12
Apr. 16 23
May 7
55
14 June 4
11
Nov. 19 Dec. 10
17
Jan. 14
55
28
55
1806 (contimirtl)
Clayton, Sir Richard, Bt.
Arnold, James Henry.
Cuvier, Georges, baron.
Lacepede, Bernard Germain Etienne de la V
Prevost, Pierre.
Harding, Charles.
Moor, Edward.
Griffiths, John.
Buchanan, Francis, M.D. ; afterwards Hamilton.
Kearney, John, Bishop of Ossory.
Hall, Sir James, Btf
Sharp, Richard.
Higgins, William.
Stirling, Rear-Adm. Charles.
Penn, William.
Reid, Thomas.
1807
Mahon, Philip Henry, Vise. ; afterwards Earl Stanhope.
Cline, Henry.
Leslie, Maj.-Gen. Hon. John.
Stratton, George Frederick.
Harrison, George.
Playfair, Rev. John, D.D.
Burgess, Thomas, D.D., Bp. of St. David's; afterward* of
Salisbury.
Pond, John (Astronomer Royal in 1811). Greenough, George Bellas. Garrow, William. Combe, Taylor. Children, John George. Gell, William. Hodgson, William. Jacob, William. Winchilsea, George, Earl of. Solly, Richard Horsman. Blake, William. Nicholson, Maj.-Gen. Robert. Humphreys, Col. David, Allen, William. Petit, Louis Hayes. Trye, Charles Brandon.
1808
Auriol, James Peter. Hamilton, Alexander (Orientalist). Bridgewater, John William, Earl of. Pepys, William Hasledine.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIET1
Date of
Election
1808 (continued)
Feb. 11
18
Mar. 24
31 Apr. 7
28 May 12
26 June 2
July 7 Nov. 10
24 Dec. 8
15 p
Jan. 19 Feb. 9 16 23
Mar. 2 9 23
Apr. 13
May 11
June 8
22 Dec. 7
21
Jan. 18 Feb. 1 15 22
Mar. 8 15
Bree, Robert, M.D.
St. John of Bletsoe, St. Andrew, Lord.
Hope, Capt. William Johnstone, R.N. ; afterwards
Admiral and K.C.B. Good, John Mason. Watson, William. Aberdeen, George, Earl of. Mount Edgcumbe, Richard, Earl of. Goldingham, John. Astle, Edward. Marcet, Alexander, M.D. Selkirk, Thomas, Earl' of. White, William Henry. Chisholm, Colin, M.D. Duckett, George. Salis, Jerome de. Howard, Lt.-Col. Hon. Fulke Greville.
1809
McLeay, Alexander.
Rowley, Lieut. -Col. John.
Warburton, Henry.
Henry, William, M.D.
Willan, Robert, M.D.
Heathfield, Francis Augustus, Lord.
Barnwell, Charles Frederick.
Gillon, John.
Noguier, John Anthony.
Brande, William Thomas ; afterwards D.C.L.
Cowper, Peter Leopold, Earl.
Smith, John, F.S.A.
Burney, Capt. James, R.N.
Bingley, Robert.
Beauclerk, Lord Amelius; afterwards Admiral, G.C.H.
and G.C.B. Hoare, Charles. St. Vincent, John, Earl of.
1810
Konig, Charles Dietrich Eberhard. Canning, George ; afterwards Lord Garvagh. Brodie, Benjamin Collins ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1858). Bickerton, Admiral Sir Richard Hussey, Bt. ; after- wards K.C.B.
Hulford, Sir Henry, M.D., Bt. (formerly Vaughan). Tut hi 11, George Leman ; afterwards MJ). and Bt. Troiii-hion, Edward. Cotton, Joseph.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I 1 lo\VS 877
Date of Election
1810 (continued)
Mar. 15 22 May 10
5J
31 June 7
?? 28
July 5
12
Nov. 22 Dec. 6
13
Jan. 17 Feb. 21
j»
28
Mar. 7 14
21 28
?» Apr. 4
May 16
j»
23
30
June 13 27
July 4
Nov. 14 21
Dec. 5
Sparke, Bowyer Edward, Bishop of Chester.
Darnley, John, Earl of.
Shee, Sir George.
Brisbane, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Macdougall.
Hope, Thomas Charles, M.D. •
Stracey, Edward.
Thornton, Edward.
Moore, Daniel.
Cadell, William Archibald.
Croker, John Wilson.
Hodgson, Rev. Robert.
Ridge, George.
Lowther, William, Viscount.
Wharton, Richard.
Wix, William.
Johnston, Sir Alexander, Kt.
Lygon, Hon. William Beauchamp.
Robertson, James.
Baker, John.
1811
Milton, Charles William, Viscount.
Corry, Rt. Hon. Isaac.
Macartney, James ; afterwards M.D.
Dealtry, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D.
Kaye, Rev. John.
Baker, Sir Frederick, Bt.
Carstairs, John.
Wade, Walter, M.D.
Dixon, Rev. Richard.
Thomson, Thomas, M.D.
Congreve, William ; afterwards Bt.
Lansdowne, Henry, Marquess of.
Chaloner, Robert.
Egan, Thomas, M.D.
Dent, John.
Elliot, John.
Anderdon, John Proctor.
Hibbert, George.
Ellis, Henry, LL.B.
Smith, Rear-Adml. Sir Wm. Sidney ; afterwards G.C.B.
Hoblyn, Thomas.
Sampson, Rev. Thomas, D.D.
Rowley, Rev. George.
Stevenson, William Ford.
Locker, Edward Hawke.
Brown, Robert ; afterwards D.C.L.
Franks, William.
1*78
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1811 (continued)
Jan. 9
-n
27 Mar. 5
55 12
Apr. 9 16 23
May 7
55
14
28
June 11
55
18 Nov. 5
19 26
Dec. 10 17 24
Feb. 4 11 25
Mar. 4 11 18
Apr. 8
55 55
May 6
27
-June 21 Nov. ]]
Randolph, John, D.D., Bishop of London. Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, Lord.
1812
Hasted, Rev. Henry.
Hooker. William Jackson ; afterwards D.C.L. and K.H.
Parry, Charles Henry, M.D.
Groombridge, Stephen.
Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey.
Phipps, Hon. Augustus.
Lowry, Wilson.
Lawson, James.
Dwyer, Rev. Edmund.
Crampton, Philip.
Hall, Benjamin.
Davis, Richard Hart.
Saunders, George.
Eardley-Wilmot, John Eardley ; afterwards Bt.
Solly, Samuel.
Speer, William.
Campbell, Hon. John.
Bridge, Rev. Bewick.
Morris, Edward.
Montyon, Antoine Jean Baptiste Robert Auget,
baron de.
Tomline, William Edward. Salt, Henry. Hare, Francis George. Towneley, Peregrine Edward. Wood, William.
1813
Fitzgerald, Rt. Hon. Maurice. Pemberton, George. Firming, John, M.D. Wix, Rev. Samuel. Inn) is, Robert Harry; afterwards Bt. Simmons, Richard, M.D. Johnstone, John, M.D. Hamilton, William Richard. Hanlwicke, Lieut.-Col. Thomas. Wanvn. IVlhani, M.D.
Brr/rlius, .Ions Jakob, Baron, M.D. (For. Mem.). Talbot. Charles Chetwynd, Earl. Hri-M-hrl. John Frederick William; afterwards Bt. Vaughan, William. Mackintosh, Sir James, Kt. William. D.I).
CHRONOLOGICAL KK(;iSTKK <>l FELLOWS
Date of Election
Nov. 11
Feb. 10 17 24
Mar. 3 10 17 24
May 5
19
June 9
5»
16 23
5?
30 Nov. 10
17
Dec. 15
» 22
Jan. 19
Feb. 16 23 Mar. 2
9 16
?»
Apr. 6
1813
Homer, Leonard.
[^awrence, William ; afterward* Bt.
1814 Elmsley, Rev. Peter. Davy, John.
Law, George Henry, Bishop of Chest Hay, Robert William. Sims, John, M.D. Dickenson, John.
Brunei, Marc Isambard ; afterwards Kt. Neave, Sir Thomas, Bt. Yelloly, John, M.D.
Boughton, Sir Charles William Rouse, Bt. Boughton, William Edward Rouse. Daniell, John Frederic.
Middleton, Thomas Fanshawe, D.D., Bp. of Calcutta. Hobhouse, John Cam ; afterwards Lord Bmu<rhton. Carlisle, Nicholas. Weyland, John.
Ducie, Thomas Reynolds Moreton, Ix>rd. Italinsky, Chevalier A. d\ Boyle, Hon. Courtenay. Stewart, Dugald. Beaufort, Francis, Capt, R.N. Seppings, Robert. Deane, Rev. William. Rudge, Rev. James. Kater, Capt. Henry. Rashleigh, William. Burney, Rev. Charles Parr.
1815
Bold, Peter Patten.
Holland, Henry, M.D.
Grey, Thomas, M.D.
Whishaw, John.
Eliott, Sir William Francis.
Hartopp, George Harry Fleetwood.
Dawkins, James.
Cocks, James, Lieut.-Col.
Roget, Peter Mark, M.D.
Bond, Phineas.
D'Oyly, Rev. George, B.D.
Allan, Thomas.
Haighton, John. M.D.
Ivory, James ; afterwards Kt.
Humboldt, Baron Alexander von (For. Mm..).
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Kltvtion
1815 (continued}
Apr. 6
M ,
•• 13
27
May 4 11 June 1
8 15
Nov. 9 16
99
23 Dec. 14
21
Jan. 11
25 Feb. 8
15
55
22 29
Mar. 7
14
N
Apr. 4 May 2
Biot, Jean Baptiste \
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis /
Mackenzie, Sir George Steuart, Bt.
Leake, Major William Martin.
C.UT, Thomas William.
Rickman, John.
Brewster, David ; afterwards Kt.
Harrison, William.
Blackford, Barrington Pope.
Mackenzie, Charles.
Parker, Thomas Lister.
\Varrender, Sir George, Bt.
Phelps, John Delafield.
Fitton, William Henry, M.D.
Travers, Benjamin.
Ward, Hon. John William.
Petti ward, Roger.
Beaufoy, Henry.
Hawkins, Sir Christopher, Bt.
Turner, Samuel.
1816
Byron, George Gordon, Lord.
Gumming, Rev. James.
Broderip, Charles.
Douglas, Col. ; afterwards General Sir Howard.
Austria, Archduke John of ) /1? , , ,
A ustria, Archduke Louis of }(
Bland, Michael.
Leach, William Elford, M.D.
Norfolk, Bernard, Duke of.
Gray, Francis, Baron.
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas.
Fellowes, Sir James, Kt., M.D.
Pollock, Frederick.
Hook, Rev. James, LL.D.
Handheld, John, Lieut.-Col.
Pasley, Charles William, Lieut.-Col.
B;il>l);i<rc, Charles.
Batten, Rev. Joseph Hallet, D.I).
Beckett, John.
McGrigor, Sir James.
Hall, Basil, (apt, U.N.
Mark land, James Hey wood.
Gardiner. Rev. Samuel John.
Kingston, John.
Smith, Thomas.
Fit/herald, Rt. Hon. William Vesey.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol 1 III 881
Vateof Election
1816
May 23
30 June 20
27
July 4 Nov. 7 21
30
Jan. 9
23 Feb. 13 Mar. 6 13 20 27
Apr. 24 May 1
15
June 5
??
12
5? 5?
19 26
Nov. 20 Dec. 11
18
Jan. 8
5)
15 29
iaber, Rev. Henry Hervey. rlosack, David, M.I). Vforgan, Charles. Frazer, Lieut.-Col. Sir August us. Dal ton, Henry. Stanhope, John Spem-rr. Storer, John, M.D. Thursby, Rev. George August u-. Ellis, Hon. George Agar. Chapman, Stephen Remnant, Lieut. -Col. Mountnorris, George, Earl «>t. Saxe-Coburg, Leopold, Prince of.
1817
Lambton, William, Lieut.-Col.
Hanmer, Edward.
Carpue, Joseph Constantine.
Petre, William Francis Henry, Lord.
Bromhead, Edward French.
Raffles, Thomas Stamford ; afterward* Kt.
Macmichael, William, M.D.
Selsey, Henry John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Selkirk
Burroughs, Sir William, Bt.
Douglas, Hon. Frederic Silvester North.
Warre, John Ashley.
Melville, Robert, Viscount.
Mackie, Rev. John William.
Ebrington, Hugh, Viscount.
Baillie, John, Lieut.-Col.
Turnbull, Peter Evan.
Legh, Thomas.
Maddy, Rev. John, D.D.
Napier, Macvey.
Reeves, John.
Torrington, George, Viscount.
Johnson, James Rawlins.
Strutt, William.
Granville, Augustus Bozzi, M.D.
Somerville, William, M.D.
Ouseley, Sir Gore, Bt.
1818
Bute, John, Marquess of.
Hume, Joseph.
Gurney, Hudson.
Mayne, John Thomas.
Peacock, George.
Tavel, Rev. George Frederic.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
as entered in the
annual lists of
Lrn Members
Date of Klcction
Feb.
5?
Mar. 5
12
Apr. '2 1)
•«
16 23 30
May 7 28
June 11 Nov. 5
Dec. l'o 17
.Ian. 14
IVb. 1
J>
11
1818 (continued}
Buckland, Rev. William, D.I).
Burrow, Rev. Edward John.
Dnirv, Rev. Henry.
Swinburne, Sir John Edward, Bt.
Croft, John ; afterwards Bt.
Kirby, Rev. William.
Malthus, Rev. Thomas Robert.
Prony, Baron Gaspard Clair Francois \
Marie Riche de
Bo wd itch Nathaniel I
f
, .... or< * em
Arago, Francois Jean Pominique
Poisson, Simeon Denis
1 Hairy, Rene Just, Abbe
Badham, Charles, M.D.
Lloyd, Edward, Capt. R.N.
Tooke, William.
Bostock, John, M.D.
Prudhoe, Algernon Percy, Lord.
Murray, Lord James.
Sabine, Capt. Edward; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1861).
Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord.
Beatty, William, M.D.
Chan trey, Francis, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.
Crawford, John.
Barretto, Joseph.
Carne, Joseph.
Heath, George Crauford.
Money, William Taylor.
Whitaker, Rev. Thomas Dunham.
Macclesfield, George, Earl of.
Watson, Frederick Beilby ; afterwards Kt.
Barn well, Rev. Frederick Henry.
Churchill, Francis, Lord.
Torrens, Major Robert.
1819
Twredic, Charles.
Austria, Maximilian, Archduke of (For. Mem.).
Barlow, Sir Robert, Kt. ; afterwards Admiral and K.C.B.
Brooke, Rev. John.
Currey, George Gilbert, M.D.
Goinpcrt/, Benjamin.
Phillips, Thomas, R.A.
Rainier, .John Sprat, Capt. R.N.
l-'o-ster, .John Leslie.
Morier, .lames.
Kllis, Henrv.
Hamilton. Uev. Robert, D.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKH <>1 FELLOWS
Date of Election
Feb. 11 18
55
25 Mar. 11
18 Apr. 1
55
22
May 13 20
55
27 June 10
55
24
July 1 Nov. 11
55
18
55
25 Dec. 9
55
16 23
55
Jan. 13 20
Feb. 17 Mar. 2
55
16 Mar. 23
55
55
1819
Limn, Francis.
Chevalier, Thomu>.
Harvey, Charles.
Maxwell, Capt. Sir Murray, Kt.
Cassillis, Archibald, Earl of; afterwards M \ilsn.
Ormerod, George.
Abel, Clarke.
Greatorex, Thomas.
Prout, William, M.D.
Fisher, John, Bishop of Salisbury.
Rosebery, Archibald .John, Karl «>f.
Stockier, Francisco de Borja Garcao f |.<() ^
Bauza, Felipe j
Brooke, Henry James.
Marryat, Frederick, Capt. R.N.
Campbell, Rt. Hon. Lord John.
Butler, George, D.D.
Cooper, John Hutton, Lieut. -Col.
Clerk, Sir George, Bt.
Ker, Henry Bellenden.
Mackenzie, Colin, Lieut.-Col.
Magrath, George, M.D.
Ramsbottom, John.
Pearson, Rev. William.
Yeats, Grant David, M.D.
Hunt, Rev. George.
Walter, Rev. Henry.
Brookes, Joshua.
Hustler, Rev. James Devereux.
Le Marchant, Alfred.
Smith, Joseph.
Conybeare, Rev. William Daniel.
Collingwood, George Lewis Newnham.
Ives, Rev. Jeremiah.
De la Beche, Henry Thomas ; afterwards Kt.
Dollond, George.
1820
Fitz-Clarence, Lieut.-Col. George. Farquhar, Robert Towsend. Corrie, Rev. John. Sewell, Sir John. Card, Rev. Henry. Kyd, Lieut.-Gen. Alexander. Friend, Mathew Curling. Higman, John Philips. Ricketts, Charles Milner. Sleath, Rev. John, D.D.
384
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of KIci'tlon |
1820 (continued) |
|
Mar. 23 |
Smisstiiv, Theodore de (For. Mem.). |
|
Apr. 13 |
Colby, Thomas, Capt. R.E. |
|
•• |
Tvlden, Lieut.-Col. Sir John Maxwell, Kt. |
|
» |
WheNvell, William. |
|
20 »» |
Ha^<ritt, llcv. Francis, D.D. Phillipps, Thomas ; afterwards Bt. |
|
^7 |
Hall, John. |
|
« |
Goulburn, Henry. |
|
May 4 |
Nc-pean, Rt. Hon. Sir Evan, Bt. |
|
M |
Noehden, George Henry. |
|
IS |
Clarke, Loftus Longueyille. |
|
?> |
Franklin, William, M.D. |
|
?5 |
Macculloch, John, M.D. |
|
15 |
Napier, Henry E., Capt. R.N. |
|
King George IV, Patron. |
|
|
June 8 |
Fallows, Rev. Fearon. |
|
j» |
Lewis, Thomas Frankland. |
|
Nov. 16 |
Althorp, John Charles, Viscount. |
|
J5 |
Lefevre, John George Shaw. |
|
J? |
Thomson, John Deas. |
|
Dec. 7 |
Watt, James. |
|
14 |
Swuinson, William. |
|
21 |
Cockburn, Sir George, K.C.B. |
|
1821 |
|
|
Jan. 18 |
Stokes, Charles. |
|
Feb. 1 |
Caniac, William. |
|
» |
Scdgwick, Rev. Adam. |
|
8 |
Bauer, Francis. |
|
»» |
Gordon, Thomas. |
|
»? 15 |
Macaulay, Zachary. Parry, Capt. William Edward. |
|
99 |
South, James ; afterwards Kt. |
|
22 |
Baily, Francis. |
|
» |
Forster, Edward. |
|
Mar. 1 |
.Jennings, Rev. Philip. |
|
8 |
Bicknell, John Lauivns. |
|
J5 |
Brandreth, Thomas Shaw. |
|
•• |
Bright, Richard, M.I). |
|
5» |
Hallam, Henry. |
|
n |
Howard, Luke. |
|
5» |
St railways, Hon. William Thomas Homer Fox. |
|
J» |
Wilbraham, George. |
|
15 |
Bridginsm, William. |
|
22 |
Dibdin, Rev. Thomas Frognall. |
|
•• |
Tookc, Thomas. |
|
29 |
Andrew, James. |
|
Apr. 5 |
Cartwri-rht, 1{(.V. Edmund, D.D. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 885
Date of Election
Apr. 12
May 17 24
31 June 7
21 28
July 5 12
Nov. 15
Dec. 6 13 20
Feb. 7 21 28
»»
Mar. 7 14 21
28
Apr. 18
»»
25
May 23 June 6 13 27
SJ
Nov. 7
1821
Bland, Rev. Miles.
Oersted, Hans Christian i .
Schumacher, Heinrich Christian)
Monro, Charles.
Cotton, William.
Hawkins, Edward.
Turner, Charles Hampden.
Wilmot, Robert John.
Catton, Rev. Thomas.
Caley, John.
Clarke, William Stanley.
Russell, Jesse Watts.
Stodart, James.
Paris, John Ayrton, M.D.
Majendie, Ashhurst.
Knowles, John.
Franck, James, M.D.
Cohen, Francis.
Haughton, Graves Chamney.
Lubbock, Sir John William, Bt.
Soane, John, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.
Cooke, John, M.D.
Ure, Andrew, M.D.
Colebrooke, Sir James Edward, Bt.
Thomson, James.
1822
Vansittart, Rt. Hon. Nicholas ; afterwards Lord Bexley.
Forbes, William Nairn.
Batty, Capt. Robert.
Lawrence, Sir Thomas, P.R.A.
Dalton, John.
Phillips, Richard.
Butter, John, M.D.
Rennie, George.
Webb, Frederick.
Bankes, William John.
Davis, John Francis ; afterwards Bt.
Kidd, John, M.D.
Earle, Henry.
De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (tor. Mem.).
Rennell, Rev. Thomas, B.D.
Lemon, Sir Charles.
Christian Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark.
Ross, Capt. Daniel.
Butler, Rev. Samuel, D.D.
Sawbridge, Henry Barne.
Dartmouth, William, Earl of.
c c
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1822 (continued)
Nov. 7 14
21 Dec. 5
19
Jan. 9 Feb. 13 20
May 1 8 29
June 12
19
Nov. 20
»»
27 Dec. 11
Jan. 8 15 22
Feb. 5 19 26
51
Mar. 4
11 18 26
Apr. 1 8 29
Townley, George. Edgeworth, Lovell. Snodgrass, Thomas. Tulk, Charles Augustus. Codrington, Rear-Adm. Sir Edward. Peel, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert. Boughey, Sir John Fenton. Mudge, Capt. Richard Zachary. Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D.
1823
Vivian, John Henry.
Baron, John, M.D.
Franklin, John, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards Kt.
Northumberland. Hugh, Duke of.
Clift, William.
Barlow, Peter.
Brooke, Arthur Brooke de Capell ; afterwards Bt.
Evans, Rev. Lewis.
Harford, John Scandret.
Solly, Samuel Reynolds.
Traherne, Rev. John Montgomery.
Rennie, John ; afterwards Kt.
Murray, Maj.-Gen. Sir George.
Bayley, John.
Cresswell, Rev. Daniell, D.D.
Storey, Anthony Mervin Reeve.
Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, baron ) /T? ,-.
Vauquelin, Louis Nicholas
1824
Faraday, Michael.
Scudamore, Charles, M.D.
Amyot, Thomas.
WaVell, William, M.D.
Maltby, Rev. Edward, D.D.
Jebb, John, Bishop of Limerick.
King, Phillip Parker, Capt. R.N.
Malcolm, Maj-Gen. Sir John ; afterwards G.C.B.
Orford, Horatio, Earl of.
Parish, Woodbine ; afterwards K.H.
Shuckburgh, Sir Francis.
Lushington, Edmund Henry.
Webb, Philip Barker.
Goodenough, Rev. Edmund, D.D.
John ; afterwards John Gage Rokewode. Macintosh, Charles. Vernon. Rev. William V.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS S87
Date of Election
May 6 13
55
June 3
17 Nov. 18 Dec. 9 16
55
23
Jan. 20 27
Feb. 3 17 24
55
Mar. 3 10
Apr. 14 21
May 5
55
12 June 9
55 55 55
Nov. 24
Jan. 12
55 55 55
19 Feb. 2
55 55 55
9
16
1824 (continual)
Foster, Henry, Lieut. R.N.
Slavering, Douglas Charles, Capt. R.N.
Powell, Rev. Baden.
Smith, Maj. Charles Hamilton.
Thomson, John, M.I).
Scoresby, Rev. William.
Penn, Richard.
Thenard, baron Louis Jacques (For. Mem.).
Bell, John.
Wetherell, Sir Charles.
Beechey, Frederick William, Capt. R.N.
1825
Mangles, James, Capt. R.N.
Fisher, Rev. George.
Strangford, Percy Clinton Sidney, Viscount.
Harvey, Henry.
Green, Joseph Henry.
Richardson, John, M.D.
Tiarks, Dr. John Lewis.
D'Urban, Maj.-Gen. Sir Benjamin.
Southey, Henry Herbert, M.D.
Home, Everard, Capt. R.N.
Harvey, George.
Smirnove, John.
Taylor, John.
Morrison, Rev. Robert, D.D.
Clarke, Charles Mansfield.
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm
Brongniart, Alexandre
Chaptal, Jean Antoine, comte de
Chanteloup. Encke, Johann Franz Fresnel, Augustin Jean Mantell, Gideon Algernon.
1826
Canning, Rt. Hon. George. Christie, Samuel Hunter. Edmonstone, Neil Benjamin. Hawkins, John. Davy, Edmund. Franklin, Capt. James. Holman, James.
Lyell, Charles ; afterwards Kt. and Bt. Ogle, James Adey, M.D. Carleton, Hon. R'ev. Richard. Taylor, George Watson. c c 2
388
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of Election |
|
|
Feb. |
23 |
|
55 |
|
|
•• |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Mar. |
9 |
|
55 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
Apr. |
6 |
|
13 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
May |
4 11 |
|
25 |
|
|
June |
1 |
|
8 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Nov. |
16 |
|
23 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Dec, |
7 |
|
21 |
|
|
Feb. |
1 |
|
55 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
Mar. |
1 |
|
8 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
M |
|
|
55 |
|
|
55 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
29 |
|
|
Apr, May |
26 10 |
|
55 |
1826 (continued)
Donkin, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Rufane Shaw. Nicoll, Rev. Alexander. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward. Wilks, Col. Mark. Douglas, William Robert Keith. Pearson, William. Weaver, Thomas. Mylne, William Chadwell. Murchison, Roderick Impey ; afterwards Kt. Copley, Sir John Singleton, Bt. Sharpe, John.
Bourne, Rt. Hon. William Sturges. Chaumette, Lewis Andrew de la. Philip, Alexander Philip Wilson, M.D. Jameson, Robert. Nayler, Sir George. Denham, Major Dixon. Vyvyan, Sir Richard Rawlinson. Brown, Nicholas.
Smyth, William Henry, Capt. R.N. Bell, Charles ; afterwards Kt. Bouvard, Alexis j
Chevreul, Michel Eugenes (For. Mem.). Dulong, Pierre Louis J Scrope, George Julius Poulett.
Joseph Francis Oscar, Crown Prince of Sweden and Norway.
1827
Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph.
Melville, Alexander.
Moreau, Cesar.
Prichard, James Cowles, M.D.
Mayo, Rev. Charles.
Everest, Capt. George.
Ampere, Andre Marie
Erman, Paul
Morichini, Domenico Pini
Plana, Giovanni Antonio (For. Mem.).
Soemmering, Samuel Thomas von
Stromeyer, Friedrich
Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm,
Mahon, Philip Henry, Viscount; afterwards Earl
Stanhope.
Blackmail, James, M.D. Clarence, II.It.H. William Henry, Duke of. Bicheno, James Ebenezer. Blanshard, Richard.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OK I I.LI.nWS 889
Date of Election
1827 (contmtud)
May 24
99 31
June 14 Nov. 15
99
22
Jan. 10
99
99
17
Feb. 14 21 28
Mar. 6 13
99 99 99
20
27
Apr. 17
99
24
May 8 15
99
22
June 5
99 99
12 Nov. 20
Dec. 11
Pendarves, Edward William Wyii
Miller, Lieut.-Col. George.
Harwood, John, M.D.
Guthrie, George James.
Wavell, Maj.-Gen. Arthur Goodall.
Wynn, Rt. Hon. Charles Watkin William*.
Telford, Thomas.
Mackinnon, William Alexander.
Phillips, William.
Beamish, Maj. North Ludlow.
Lyon, George, Capt. R.N.
Hall, Thomas Henry.
1828
Betham, William.
Bell, Thomas.
Horsfield, Thomas, M.D.
Hamilton, Rev. Henry Parr.
Lindley, John.
Broderip, William John.
Baylay, Rev. William Frederick.
Lardner, Rev. Dionysius.
Williams, John.
Chambers, William Frederick, M.D.
Hutchison, Alexander Copland.
Goldsmid, Isaac Lyon.
Sutherland, Alexander Robert, M.I).
Babington, Benjamin Guy.
Grant, Rt. Hon. Charles.
Goderich, Frederick, Viscount.
Mayo, Herbert, M.D.
Walker, James.
Cumberland, H.R.H. Ernest Augustus, Duke of.
Ritchie, William.
Mitscherlich, Eilhard ) (For. Mem.).
Buch, Baron Leopold von {
Sussex, H.R.H. Augustus Frederick, Duke of (P.K.&.
1830).
Barnard, Edward. Daniell, Edmund Robert. Clifton, Marshall Waller. Forshall, Rev. Josiah. Thompson, Major Thomas Perronet. Prinsep, James. Borlase, George Simon. Baird, Andrew, M.D. Ross, James Clark, Commander R.N.
390
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
1829
Jan. 15
29 Feb. 5
»»
12
>j
19
26
Mar. 5 12
J5
19
»» Apr. 9
May 28 June 4 ?)
18
Nov. 26 Dec. 10
Jan. 14
28
Feb. 11
18 ?j j? Mar. 4
11
»
18
25 Apr. 1
Lubbock, John William ; afterwards Bt.
Cole, William Willoughby, Viscount ; afterwards Earl
of Enniskillen. Steuart, John Robert. Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (For. Mem.). Forbes, John, M.D. Crombie, Rev. Alexander. Coddington, Rev. Henry. Evelyn, George. Tennyson, Charles. Edwards, W.F., M.D. , Maxwell, John. Wollaston, Alexander Luard. Phillips, Charles, Capt. R.N. Hennell, Henry. Wallich, Nathaniel, M.D. Elliotson, John, M.D. Hutchinson, Capt. George Henry. Dunstanville, Francis, Baron de. Pole, William.
Pollock, David ; afterwards Kt. Maitland, Ebenezer Fuller. Bosworth, Rev. Joseph. Wortley, Hon. John Stuart. Cooper, Bransby Blake. Robinson, Isaac. Cavendish, William.
1830
Colquhoun, James Nisbet, Capt. R.A.
Douglas, George.
Farquharson, Rev. James.
Broughton, Samuel Daniel.
Shaw, John.
Collier, Charles.
Moss, Joseph William.
Nicholl, Whitlock, M.D.
Blake, Capt. Benjamin.
Knowles, Francis Charles.
Turner, Edward, M.D.
Lloyd, John Augustus.
Stanley, Edward.
Meredith, William George.
Audubon, John James.
Knight, James Lewis ; afterwards Bruce, and Kt.
Lee, Robert, M.D.
Wall, Charles Baring.
Burns, John, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>l I I I LOWS 891
Date of Election
1830
Apr. 1
22
May 6
99 27
June 10
99 Dec. 9
99 23
Jan. 13 20
Feb. 10 24
Mar. 3 10
99 17
Apr. 14 21 28
May 5 12
June 2
99
9
99
16 Dec. 8
99 99
Cubitt, William ; afterwards l\
Sheepshanks, Rev. Richard.
Willis, Rev. Robert.
Grover, Capt. John.
Straton, Maj.-Gen. Joseph.
Vetch, Capt. James.
Pusey, Philip.
Wyatville, Sir Jeffrey.
Woolmore, John.
Watson, Ralph.
Northampton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, Mar-
quess of (P.R.S. 1838). Hawkins, John Heywood. Greswell, Rev. Richard. Guest, Josiah John ; afterwards Bt. Brunei, Isambard Kingdom. Gordon, Henry Percy. Warren, Rev. John. Smith, James (of Jordan Hill).
1831
Selkirk, Thomas James, Earl of.
Blake, William John.
Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey.
Carr, Robert James, D.D., Bishop of Chichester.
Wilson, Isaac, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Lee, John.
Walker, Rev. Robert.
King William IV, Patron.
Caldcleugh, Alexander.
Morris, John Carnac.
Talbot, Christopher Rice Mansel.
Talbot, William Henry Fox.
Turnbull, Rev. Thomas Smith.
Hodgson, Joseph.
Shee, Sir Martin Archer, Kt., P.R.A.
Henderson, James.
Beverly, Charles James.
Manby, Capt. George William.
Harris, William Snow.
Wilkins, William.
Coleman, Edward.
Roos, Hon. Frederick de.
Davies, Griffith.
Maclear, Thomas.
afterwards WiUian,, Ear. of Ro~
(P.R.S. 1848).
392
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of Election |
1831 (continued) |
|
Dec. 8 |
Palmer, Henry Robinson. |
|
-."> |
Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James R. G., Bt. |
|
1832 |
|
|
Feb. 2 |
Morgan, Charles Octavius. |
|
Lister, Joseph Jackson. |
|
|
Gravatt, William. |
|
|
5» |
Ponsonbv, Hon. William Francis Spencer. |
|
55 |
Pechell, Sir Samuel J. Brooke, Capt. R.N. |
|
55 |
Madden, Frederick. |
|
n |
Gray, John Edward. |
|
55 |
Barry, Alexander. |
|
Apr. 5 |
Hall, Marshall, M.D. |
|
Stephens, Archibald John. |
|
|
Russell, Sir William, Bt. |
|
|
55 |
Barry, Sir David, Kt. |
|
Elliott, Charles Boileau. |
|
|
June 9 |
Churchill, Lord Henry John Spencer. |
|
55 |
Agar, Hon. George Charles. |
|
55 |
Disney, John. |
|
Clark, James. |
|
|
M |
Hope, James, M.D. |
|
M |
Glover, Venerable George. |
|
5? |
Sadler, Michael Thomas. |
|
Stratford, William Samuel. |
|
|
55 |
Forbes, James David. |
|
55 |
Elphinstone, Howard. |
|
55 |
Damoiseau, Marie Charles Theodore, |
|
baron de |
|
|
55 55 |
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de 1 Carlini, Francesco f (*<*' Mem-)- |
|
55 5? |
Cauchy, Augustin Louis Tiedemann, Friedrich |
|
Dec. 6 |
Burton, Decimus. |
|
95 |
Cooper, Charles Purton. |
|
55 |
Sanford, Edward Ayshford. |
|
1833 |
|
|
Feb. 7 |
Chandler, Rev. George, D.D. |
|
55 |
Greig, Woron/ow. |
|
5) |
Nolan, Rev. Frederick. |
|
Apr. 18 |
Botfield, Thomas. |
|
M |
Burnett, Sir William, Kt. |
|
rierke, Maj. F. H. Shad well. |
|
|
M |
Dundas Robert Adam. |
|
55 |
Saundcrs, Rev. Augustus Page. Davios, Thomas Stephens. |
|
May 2 |
Darnk-y, Edward, Earl of. |
CHRONOLOGICAL UKC.ISTKR
1 KI lo\VS 9M
Date of Election
1833 (continued)
June 6
June 20
Dec. 5
Jan. 9 Feb. 6
Apr. 10
June 5
Lihou, John, Capt. K.N. Oesfontaines, Kim Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob Lindenau, Bernhard August von Meckel, Job. Fred. Pontecoulant, Philippe Guxtavr Douhvt
de
Buccleucb, Walter Francis, Duke of. Dennian, Sir Thomas, Kt. ; afterward Copland, James, M.D. Pearson, Edwin. Terry, Charles.
1834
Tyreonnel, John Delavel, Earl of.
Chesney, Francis Rawdon, Capt. R.A.
Copeland, Thomas.
Cust, Sir Edward, K.C.B.
Home, James.
Reeves, John Russell.
Sykes, Lieut.-Col. William Henry.
Waterhouse, John.
Adare, Edward Richard Windham, Viscount.
Ansell, Charles.
Booth, Felix.
Burnes, Lieut. Alexander.
Corbaux, Francis.
Folkes, Sir William Browne, Bt.
Freshfield, James William.
Gilbert, John Davies.
Griffith, Edward.
Halswell, Edmund.
Henry, William Charles, M.D.
Hudson, Robert.
Lloyd, Rev. William Forster.
Phillips, John.
Smee, Capt. Walter Nugent.
Spence, William.
Thornton, Henry Sykes.
Warburton, John, M.D.
Wilson, Horace Hayman.
Breadalbane, John, Marquess of.
Teignmouth, Charles John, Lord.
Elliot, Hon. George.
Hope, Rev. Frederick William.
Jekyll, Joseph.
Murphy, Rev. Robert.
Rose, Sir George, Kt.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
])<i; Ehrt'ion |
1834 (continued) |
|
June .") |
Twining, Richard. |
|
55 |
Whatton, William Robert. |
|
55 |
Witt, George, M.D. |
|
Dec. 18 |
Barlow, Rev. John. |
|
55 |
Bellamy, Rev. James William. |
|
55 |
Brockedon, William. |
|
M |
Galloway, Thomas. |
|
55 |
Hawkins, Bisset, M.D. |
|
55 |
Hay, Andrew Leith. |
|
55 |
Kiernan, Francis. |
|
55 |
Lowe, George. |
|
55 |
Owen, Richard; afterwards K.C.B. |
|
M |
Phillips, Benjamin. |
|
55 |
Saumarez, Richard. |
|
55 |
Tynte, Charles John Kemys. |
|
55 |
Wilkinson, John Gardner ; afterwards Kt. |
|
1835 |
|
|
Feb. 5 |
Betham, Albert William. |
|
55 |
Edye, John. |
|
55 |
Hamett, John, M.D. |
|
55 |
Harris, John Greathed. |
|
55 |
Tattam, Rev. Henry. |
|
55 |
Tupper, Martin. |
|
Apr. 2 |
Burnes, James, M.D. |
|
55 |
Delafield, Joseph. |
|
55 55 |
Featherstonhaugh, George William. Gordon, James Alexander, M.D. |
|
J5 |
Harvey, Col. Sir Robert John. |
|
55 |
Leybourn, Thomas. |
|
55 |
Moore, George. |
|
55 |
Morgan, Arthur. |
|
55 |
Oakes, Charles Henry. |
|
55 55 |
Pelly, John Henry. Taunton, Richard, M.D. |
|
55 |
Tite, William ; afterwards Kt. |
|
55 |
Warren, Samuel. |
|
55 |
Wigrani, James. |
|
55 |
Williams, Charles James Blasius, M.D. |
|
June 4 |
Beaumont, Edward Blackett. |
|
95 |
Borrcr, William. |
|
55 |
Davidson, John. |
|
55 |
Dobson, Sir Richard. |
|
55 |
Jones, Thomas. |
|
M |
Mayo, Thomas, M.D. |
|
>5 |
Oliveira, Benjamin. |
|
55 |
Symonds, William, Capt. R.N. |
CHRONOLOGICAL REGIS IKK OF FKLLOWB ••*">
Date of Election
1835
Tune 4
Nov. 19 26
Jan. 21
55 5? 55 55
28
55 Feb. 4
11
55
18 Mar. 3
55
10 17 24
Apr. 28 May 5
55
June 16
Dec. 15
22
Jan. 19
55 55
Feb. 23 Mar. 16 Apr. 6
M. •„,.).
ieaumont, Elie de uvier, Georges Leopold Chri-tian
Frederic Dagobert ftourens, Marie Jean Pierre ftansen, Peter Andreas Elosenberger, Otto August Hawkins, Rev. William Bentinck Lat 1 Alexander, Robert. Elliott, Charles. Molesworth, Sir William, Bt.
1836
Airy, George Biddell ; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1871).
Budd, George.
Lloyd, Rev. Humphrey.
Taylor, Rev. William.
Wheatstone, Charles; afterwards .Kt.
Clark, William, M.D.
Marcet, Francis.
Drory, George William.
Grant, Robert Edmond, M.D.
Llewelyn, John Dillwyn.
Baillie, David.
Robertson, Archibald.
Crosse, John Green.
Minto, Gilbert, Earl of.
Field, Joshua.
Johnson, Edward John.
Burt, T. Seymour, Capt. R.E.
Beamish, Richard.
Chapman, John James, Capt. R.A.
Burton, Edward.
Cox, William Sands.
Lewis, Thomas Locke, Capt. R.E.
Montefiore, Moses Haim ; afterwards Kt. and Bt.
Graham, Thomas.
Wood, William Page; afterwards Kt., ant Hatherley.
1837
Cabbell, Benjamin Bond. Holland, Charles, M.D. Rastrick, John Urpeth. Solly, Samuel. Partridge, Richard. Burnet, John. Hunter, Robert. Royle, John Forbes, M.D.
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Daic of Elect inn
1837 (continued)
Apr. 6 13 20
May 11
?» 25
M
JlUK" 1
15
Jan. 18
55 5? »J
25
Feb. 8
Mar. T 15
w
29
Apr. .">
May 3
»5
N H
M . (
Wellsted, James Raymond.
White, William Archibald Armstrong.
Skey, Frederic Carpenter.
Becquerel, Antoine Cesar
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried
Krusenstern, Adam Johann vo
Mirbel, (\ 1\ Brisseau
Koase, Henry Samuel, M.I).
Clarke, William Tierney.
Walton, Rev. William.
Westmacott, Richard. ,
Ayrton, William.
Carson, James, M.D.
Hopkins, William.
Smith, Capt. John T.
Bigsby, Robert.
Frere, George Edward.
Portlock, Joseph Ellison, Capt. R.E.
Johnston, James Finlay Weir.
1838
Don kin, Bryan.
Hansler, Sir John Jacob.
Johnson, Rev. George Henry Sacheverell.
Porter, George Richardson.
Arnott, Neil, M.D.
Cureton, Rev. William.
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, P.R.A.
Bateman, James.
Glynn, Joseph.
Miller, William Hallowes.
Reade, Rev. Joseph Bancroft.
Todd, Robert Bentley, M.D.
Tweedie, Alexander, M.D.
Denison, William Thomas ; afterwards Kt., and K.C.B.
Locke, Joseph.
Wilson, Alexander.
Jcrvis, Capt. Thomas Best.
Twiss, Travers ; afterwards Kt.
McGillivray, Simon.
I lard wick, John.
.Maciicil], John.
Tuson, Edward William.
Hurnet, Thomas, D.I).
('arnac, Sir James Rivett, Bt.
Merewether, John, D.I).
Otitram, Benjamin Fonseea, M.I).
IVrcira. Jonathan, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL HKCilSTER <>l I I I I o\VS 807
Date of Election
1838
May 3 24 31 une 20 Nov. 22 Dec. 6 20
Jan. 10
17
55
24
31
Feb. 7
55
14
21
5)
28
Mar. 7
55
14 21
Apr. 11 18
May
55
25
55
30
J5 55 55 55 55
55
June 6 2
Stirling, Edward Hamilton.
?uscany, Leopold II. (irand Duke of.
lymers, Rev. John.
jueeu Victoria, Patron.
iriggs, Col. John. Kelland, Rev. Philip.
Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe u /
Martius, Carl Friedrich Philip P. von ) (
1839
Prodsham, William James. bLilton, John. Botfield, Beriah. Hardy, Peter. Darwin, Charles Robert. Williams, John Wesley. Yates, James. Heywood, James. Moseley, Rev. Henry. Carrington, Robert John, Lord. Conolly, Capt. Arthur.
Reid, William, Lieut.-Col. R.E. ; afterwards K.C.B. Denham, Henry Mangles. Drew, Richard. Godwin, George. Gulliver, George. Swanston, Clement Tudway. Fletcher, Thomas William. Gaskin, Rev. Thomas. Ormsby, H. Alexander. Graves, John Thomas. Maitland, Rev. Samuel Roft'ey.
Rigg, Robert.
Sylvester, James Joseph.
Farre, Arthur, M.D.
Sharpey, William, M.D.
Turnor, Rev. Charles.
Hansteen, Christopher
Melloni, Macedonio I (por Mem.).
Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques [
Savart, Felix
Davenport, Edward Davies.
Halliwell, James Orchard; afterwards Halhwell Phillipps.
Mackmurdo, Gilbert Wakefield.
Thorp, Charles, D.D.
Barker, George.
Acland, Sir Thomas Dyke, Bt.
398
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Kh'ction
June 20
. :> 12
19
Jan. 9 23 30
Feb. 6
?? 13
»
20 27
Mar. 5 Apr. 2
30
May 7
j» 21
55
June 4
June 18
Nov. 19 26
Jan. 7 14
1839 (continued)
Guest, Edwin.
Hogg, John.
Rogers, John.
lloupell, George Leith, M.D.
Drummond, Henry.
1840
Whatman, James.
Smith, John Pye, D.D.
Annesley, James.
Parkinson, John.
Pritchard, Rev. Charles.
Barry, Martin, M.D.
Phillimore, Joseph.
Caldecott, John.
Kenwood, William Jory.
Boileau, John Theophilus.
Richmond, Charles, Duke of.
Jeffreys, John Gwyn.
Gassiot, John Peter.
Henderson, Thomas.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, H.R.H. Prince Albert of (the
Prince Consort).
Lyttelton, George William, Lord. Jones, Thomas Wharton. Malcolmson, John Grant, M.D. Auldjo, John. Sharp, William, M.D. Burge, William. Ewer, Walter. Grant, Thomas Tassell. Lawson, Henry. Cook, Thomas. Hutton, William.
Stanley, Edward, Bishop of Norwich. Liebig, Justus J
M idler, Johann [• (For. Mem.).
Sturm, Jacques Charles Francois) Bonner, Lieut.-Col. John George. Narrien, John.
Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre (For. Mem.). Kuter, Edward. Archibald, Charles Dickson. Grove, William Robert; afterwards Kt.
1841
Jeffreys, Julius.
Enderby, Charles. Melvill, James Cosmo.
CHRONOLOGICAL RK(,IMI i; 1 i I I Io\VS 809
Date of Election
1841
Jan. 21
55 55
Feb. 4 11
55 18
55 25
Mar. 4
55
18 Apr. 22 29
55
55
May 6
13
55
20
55 55
55 55
27 June l'o
55
17
Nov. 18
55
25 Dec. 16
Jan. 6 13
Blakistone, Peyton, M . 1 ). Srandreth, Henry Rowland, C.ipt. R 1 Sdye, Joseph. Atcherley, David Fr.-mrk Vivian, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard Hu-sc\. Dart wright, Samuel. Dlendinning, John, M.I). Hodgkinson, Eaton. Jenkins, Sir Richard, G.C.B. Melbourne, William, Viscount. Tierney, Rev. Mark Aloysitiv Sievier, Robert William. Kerrison, Robert Masters, M.I). Lewis, Rt. Hon. Thomas l-Vankbind. Bowman, William ; aftcnvanU Bt. Monteagle, Thomas, Lord. De Grey, Thomas Philip, Earl. Wrottesley, John, Lord (P.R.S. 1854). Woodward, Charles. Byng, Rt. Hon. George Stevens; afterward* Earl of
Strafford. Listen, Robert. Spry, Henry Harpur. Davis, Hart.
Denham, Rev. Joshua Frederick. Hoppus, Rev. John. Knight, Henry Gaily. Wood, Lieut-Col. Thomas. Carnarvon, Henry John George, Earl of. Cursetjee, Ardaseer.
Westminster, Robert Grosvenor, Marquess ot. Baring, Sir Thomas, Bt. Blore, Edward. Seaward, Samuel. Smee, Alfred. Crewe, Hungerford, Lord. Alderson, James, M.D. ; afterward- Kt. Seymour, Edward James, M.D. Allen, William, Capt. R.N. Smith, Sir John Mark Frederick, Lieut. -( OL Lovelace, William, Earl of. Bennett, John Joseph.
1842
Newbold, Thomas John. Baily, Edward Hodges, R.A. Donkin, William Fishhurn.
400
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Elect 'ion
1842 (continued)
Jan. 13 20
Feb. 10
17
Mar. o
» 10
Apr. 14 May 5
26 Nov. 17
Dec. 15 22
Jan. 19
Feb. 2
23
Mar. 9 16
30 Apr. 6
May 11
« 18
n
June J
Dec. 7
Kiddell, Charles James Buchanan.
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia.
Pratt, Samuel Peace.
Taylor, Thomas Glanville.
Broughton, Robert Edwards.
Morison, Maj.-Gen. William.
Stanley, Owen, Capt. II. N.
Johnson, Cuthbert William.
Toynbee, Joseph.
Christmas, Rev. Henry ; afterwards Noel-Fearn.
Fielding, George Hunsley, M.D.
Jesse, John.
Link, Henry Frederic \
Ohm, Geor«; Simon
Poncelet, J?an Victor (For- Mem'>
Rose, Heinrich J
Chapman, Thomas.
Bowerbank, James Scott.
Towneley, Charles.
Norfolk, Henry Howard, Duke of.
Creuze, Augustin F. B.
Widdrington, Samuel Edward, Capt. R.N.
1843
Gould, John.
Heywood, Sir Benjamin, Bt.
Solly, Edward.
Heath, John Benjamin.
MacCullagh, James.
Rees, George Owen, M.D.
Rendel, James Meadows.
Miers, John.
O'Shaiiohnessy, William Brooke, M.D. ; afterwards
O'Shaughnessy Brooke, and Kt. Miller, Joseph. Blake, Henry Wollaston. Hey gate, James, M.I). Basevi, George. Le Couteur, Col. John. Ttilloch, James. Arnott, James Moncrieff. Hoskins, Samuel Elliott, M.D. Boilean. Sir John Peter, Bt. Wright, R(.v. John. I .a ing, Kev. David.
Cro/ier, IVancis Rawdon ]\[oira, Capt. H.N7. Hood, Charles.
CHRONOLOGICAL RKGISTKK ()l 111!
Date of Election
1844
Jan. 11 Feb. 1
Feb. 29
Mar. 7
21 Apr. 18
May 9
16 June 6
13 Dec. 12
Jan. 9 Feb. 6
V
13
20
Mar. 6 Apr. 3
j> 10
May 8 22
June 5
19 Nov. 20
Dec. 18
Ansted, David Thou
Bury, Edward.
Stanford, John Frederick.
Ronalds, Francis ; afterwards K t .
Carpenter, Will i;u u Benjamin, .M.I).
Kerigan, Thomas.
Hyett, William Henry.
Quain, Richard.
Crum, Walter.
Webster, John, M.D.
Jones, Thomas Rymer.
Hargreave, Charles James.
Haddington, Thomas, Earl of.
Bishop, John.
Larcom, Thomas Aiskew, Capt. R.E.
Billing, Archibald, M.D.
Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, King of.
Barrow, John.
1845
Simon, John ; afterwards K.C.B.
Miller, William Allen, M.D.
Wilson, Rev. John, D.D.
Monteith, Maj.-Gen. William.
Forbes, Edward.
Fownes, George.
Martin, James Ranald ; afterwards Kt.
Washington, John, Capt. R.N.
Falconer, Hugh, M.D.
Wilson, William James Erasmus ; afterwards Kt.
Dickinson, John.
Jackson, Col. Julius.
Stebbing, Rev. Henry, D.D.
Tupper, Martin Farquhar.
Harrison, Thomas Charles.
Rennie, James.
Bandon, James, Earl of.
Adair, Robert Alexander Shafto; afterwards Lord
Waveney. Johnston, Alexander Robert ; afterwards Campbt
Johnston. Sopwith, Thomas.
Thesiger, Sir Frederick ; afterwards Lord Chelmsfc Barlow, Peter William. Taylor, Alfred Swaine. Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford. Lankester, Edwin, M.D.
Dd
402
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
Jan. 15
55
Feb. 5 19
Mar. 26 Apr. 2 23
55
55 55
30
May 7 June 11 18
Jan. 7 21
Feb. 4 18 25
Mar. 4 18
Apr. 15
22
1846
Neilson, James B.
Bird, Golding, M.D.
Booth, Rev. James, LL.D.
Grainger, Richard Dugard.
Thompson, Theophilus, M.D.
Addison, William.
Buist, George.
Cooper, Samuel.
Matheson, James.
West, William.
Wilson, John, M.D.
Kay, Joseph Henry, Lieut. R.N.
Moore, John Arthur.
Newport, George.
Cautley, Lieut.-Col. Proby Thomas ; afterwards K.C.B.
Henry, Thomas Hetherington.
Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August)
Kupffer, Adolph Theodor j- (For. Mem.).
De la Rive, Auguste Arthur. j
Johnson, Percival Norton.
Jones, Henry Bence, M.D.
Armstrong, William George ; afterwards Lord.
Goodsir, John.
Gilbart, James William.
Liddell, John, M.D.
Sutherland, Alexander John, M.D.
1847
Back, Sir George ; afterwards Admiral.
Acland, Henry Wentworth Dyke, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph (For. Mem.).
Rudge, Edward John.
Hardwicke, Charles Philip, Earl of.
Brooke, Charles.
Christie, James Robert.
Webster, Thomas.
Baly, William, M.D.
Ellis, Thomas Flower.
Maitland, John Gorham.
Plowden, William Henry Chicheley.
.Alexander, Henry.
Burrows, George.
Dwarris, Sir Fortunatus William Lilley.
Hall, William Hutcheson.
Hooker, Joseph Dalton ; afterwards G.C.S.I., 6.M.
(P.R.S. 1873). Percy, John, M.D. Simpkinson, Sir John A. Francis.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol I
Date of Election
Apr. 22
May 6
Tune 3
Nov. 25
Mar. 30 June 9
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
Dec. 14
Feb. 22 June 7
JJ
21 Nov. 22
June 6
1847
/
Hountcashel, Stephen, Earl
lussell, Lord John. Morpeth, George, Viscount. Wellington, Arthur Wellesk-y, Duk.
1848
litter. Carl \ /i?«. \iAm \
Milne-Edwards, Henri I1 Jishop, George. Challis, Rev. James. Clerk, Henry, Capt. R.A. i?ergusson, William. Fox, Robert Were. James, Capt. Henry. Latham, Robert Gordon. Lefroy, John Henry, Capt. R.A. MacWilliam, James Ormiston, M.D. Oldham, Thonias.
Playfair, Lyon ; afterwards Lord Playt.ur. Porrett, Robert. Stenhouse, John. Thomson, Allen. Sumner, John Bird, Archbishop of Canterbury.
1849
Baring, Sir Francis Thornhill, St.; afterward^
Northbrook. Adams, John Couch.
Andrews, Thomas. Austen,RobertAlfredCloyne;afterwardsGodwm-Au8ten
Barry, Charles, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.
Brodie, Benjamin Collins; afterwards Bt
Dalrymple, John.
Glaisher, James.
Kane, Sir Robert John.
Lassell, William.
Leeson, Henry Beaumont.
Ramsay, Andrew Crombie
Russell, John Scott.
Sibson, Francis.
Stephenson. Robert.
Yorke, Lieut.-Col. Philip.
Lee, James P., Bishop of Manchester.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington ; afterwards Lord.
1850
Barlow, William Henry. Busk, George. Curling, Thomas Bhzard. Dd2
afterwards Kt.
101
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
1850 (continued)
June (5
Nov.
" » ft
« »» >» )5
13
j» »
June 5
June 19
June 3
^ ,
. Mem.).
Day, George Edward.
De la Rue, Warren.
Fairbairn, William ; afterwards Bt.
Graves, Robert James.
Ibbetson, Capt. Levett Landon Boscawen.
Jones, Charles Hand field.
Joule, James Prescott.
Miller, John Fletcher.
Rawlinson, Major Henry Creswicke ; afterwards Bt.
Schunck, Edward.
Sharpe, Daniel.
Tomes, John ; afterwards Kt.
Londesborough, Albert, Lord.
Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm
Liouville, Joseph T» i * T i- T< Purkyng, Johann E.
Weber, Wilhelm Eduard
1851
Babington, Charles Cardale.
Beck, Thomas Snow.
Bunbury, Charles James Fox ; afterwards Bt.
Doo, George T.
Eastwick, Edward Backhouse.
Elliot, Capt. Charles.
Fitz Roy, Capt. Robert ; afterwards Vice- Admiral.
Hind, John Russell.
Hofmann, Augustus William.
Huxley, Thomas Henry (P.R.S. 1883).
Logan, William Edmond ; afterwards Kt.
Paget, James ; afterwards Bt.
Stokes, George Gabriel ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1885).
Thomson, William ; afterwards Lord Kelvin (P.R.S.
1890).
Waller, Augustus Volney. Argyll, George Douglas Campbell, Duke of.
1852
Barclay, Arthur Kett. Cape, Rev. Jonathan. Cayley, Arthur. Gray, Henry. Harding, Wyndham. Henfrey, Arthur. Higginbottom, John. Mercer, John. Pattinson, Hugh Lee. Price, Rev. Bartholomew.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 4O5
Date of
Klcrtion
June 3
Nov. 25
Jan. 13 Mar. 17 June 2
Nov. 24
Apr. 27 June 1
1852
Mem.).
Simms, William. Strickland, Hugh Edwin.
L'yndall, John.
Ward, Nathaniel Bagshaw. Younghusband, Charles Wright, Capt. \( \.
iirongniart, Adolphe TheVxlore^
Lamont, Johann
Peirce, Benjamin Regnault, Victor
1853
Granville, George, Earl.
Palmerston, Henry John, Viscount.
Apjohn, James, M.D.
Appold, John George.
Broun, John Allan.
Claudet, Antoine Jean Fran.
Cooper, Edward Joshua.
Frankland, Edward ; afterwards K.C.B.
Gladstone, John Hall.
Inglefield, Capt. Edward ; afterwards Kt.
Jukes, Joseph Beete.
MacAndrew, Robert.
Manby, Charles.
Prestwich, Joseph ; afterwards Kt.
Rankine, William John Macquorn.
Saunders, William Wilson.
Spottiswoode, William (P.R.S. 1878).
Strzelecki, Paul Edmund de; afterwards K.C.M.<-.
Harrowby, Dudley, Earl of.
1854
Ashburton, William Bingham Baring, Lord.
Allman, George James.
Brayley, Edward William.
Bryson, Alexander.
Clarke, Jacob Lockhart.
Dickinson, Joseph, M.D.
Gunn, Ronald Campbell.
Hunt, Robert.
Lawes, John Bennet ; afterwards
Mallet, Robert.
May, Charles.
Moore, Thomas E. L., Capt. R. V
Strachey, Capt. Richard; afterwards G.C.S.I.
Thomson, Robert Dundas, M.D.
Whitbread, Samuel Chai K-.
406
KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
1854 (continued}
JllIK' 1
15
Feb. 15 22
June 7
55
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
14
June 5
Nov.
Williamson, William Crawford. Baer, Carl Ernst von] Chasles, Michel [ (For. Mem.).
Wohler, Friedrich J
1855
llatherton, Edward John Littleton, Lord.
Ducie, Henry John Reynolds Moreton, Earl of.
Council, Arthur.
Furr, William, M.D.
Fischer, William Lewis Ferdinand.
Fletcher, Isaac.
Hamilton, William John.
Hawkshaw, John ; afterwards Kt.
Hippisley, John.
Luke, James.
Osier, Abraham Follett.
Thomson, Thomas, M.D.
Vignoles, Charles Blacker.
Walker, Charles Vincent.
Wight, Robert, M.D.
Williamson, Alexander William.
Wilson, George Fergusson.
Dirichlet, Gustav Lejeune\
PI ticker, Julius
Rathke, Heinrich [ ^or« Mem')-
Riimker, Carl J
1856
Balfour, John Hutton, M.D.
Binney, Edward William.
Bo wring, Sir John.
Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, Bt.
Gosse, Philip Henry.
I larkness, Robert.
I lawkins, Caesar Henry.
Johnson, Manuel John.
Moore. .John Carrick.
Noad, Henry Minchin.
Potter, Edmund.
Robinson, Rev. Thomas Romney, D.D.
Salt IT, Henry Hyde.
Sin i th, Archibald.
Spratt, Thomas Abel Brimage, Capt. R.N.
H.'iidinger, Carl )
"vrrhi, Antonio / <For- Mem->-
CHRONOLOGICAL RF.(,ISTF.H OF FELLOWS 407
Date of Election
June 11
Feb. 18 June 3
55
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
17
Nov. 25
55
Dec. 16
Jan. 27
June 2 9
55 55 55 55
1857
Scale, Lionel Smith.
Boole, George.
Buckton, George Bowdlir.
Davidson, Thomas.
jrrote, George.
Hill, Rowland ; afterwards K.C.B.
Kirkman, Rev. Thomas 1'. -n\ n^ton.
Marcet, William, M.D.
Marshall, John, F.H.C.S.
Smith, Andrew, M.I).
Smith, Robert Angus.
Smyth, Charles Pia/xi.
Sorby, Henry Clifton.
Welsh, John.
Whit worth, Joseph ; afterwards Bt.
1858
Talbot de Malahide, James, Lord.
Balfour, Thomas Graham, M.I).
Boxer, Edward Mounier, Capt. R.A
Currey, Frederick.
Forbes, David.
Garrod, Alfred Baring, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Harvey, William Henry, M.D.
Haughton, Rev. Samuel.
Hennessy, Henry.
Livingstone, David, LL.D.
Lubbock, John ; afterwards Bt., and Lord Aveburv.
Rogers, Henry Darwin.
Savory, William Scovell ; afterwards Bt.
Smyth, Warington Wilkinson ; afterwards Kt.
Waugh, Lieut.-Col. Andrew Scott.
Williams, Thomas, M.D.
Pakington, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Lord Hampde
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm )
Poinsot, Louis (For. Mem.).
Siebold, Carl Theodor vonj
Bickersteth, Robert, Bishop of Ripon.
1859
Tait, Archibald Campbell; afterwards Archbishop <
Canterbury.
Schomburgk, Sir Robert Hermann. Beckles, Samuel Husbands. Calvert, Frederick Grace. Carter, Henry John Galton, Douglas; afterwards K.C.B. Herapath, William Bird, M.D.
408
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
ELrtion
Juiu-
Mar. 22 May 24
June 7
21
J5
.him- ()'
1859 (continued)
Humphry, George Murray ; afterwards Kt.
Hunt, Thomas Sterry.
Macdonald, John Denis ; afterwards K.C.B.
Odling, William.
Patterson, Robert.
Penn, John.
Watson. Thomas, M.D.
\Yoodcroft, Bennett.
Yolland, William, Lieut-Col. R.E.
Stanley, Henry Edward, Lord ; afterwards Earl of
Derby.
1860
Ryan, Rt. Hon. Sir Edward. Belper, Edward, Lord. De Grey and Ripon, George Frederick Samuel
Robinson, Earl ; afterwards Marquess of Ripon. Bache, Alexander Dallas Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand
von Kolliker, Albert von
- (For. Mem.).
Verneuil, Philippe Edouard Poulletier
de
Abel, Frederick Augustus ; afterwards Bt. Baring, Thomas. Bateman, John Frederic. Brown-Sequard, Edward, M.D. Carrington, Richard Christopher. Galton, Francis ; afterwards Kt. Gilbert, Joseph Henry ; afterwards Kt. Jardine, Sir William, Bt. Key, Thomas Hewitt. Lister, Joseph; afterwards Lord Lister, and O.M.
(P.R.S. 1895). Main, Rev. Robert. Mylne, Robert William.
Palmer, Roundell ; afterwards Earl of Selborne. Quekett, John Thomas. Smith, Edward, M.D. Sheffield, George, Earl of. Walpole, Rt. Hon. Spencer Horatio. KHe. Rt. Hon. Sir William. Kllesmere, George Granville Francis Egerton, Earl of.
1861
Bate, Charles Spence. De-bus, Heinrich. DC Moi-traii, Campbell Greig. Hirst. Thomas Archer.
CHRONOLOGICAL HKC.ISTKK OF 1 II LOWS 409
Date of Election
June 6
June 5
1861 (
19
Nov. 20
Feb.
19
Apr. 16 30 June 4
Matthiessen, August u-.
Maxwell, .I.-uiics Clerk.
Mueller, Ferdinand; afterwards Bar< >
Newmarch, William.
Parkes, Edmund Alexander. \1.1 >
Pole, William.
Sclater, Philip Lutli'%.
Shadwell, Sir Charlefl F. A., Capt. ; afterward* Adm.
Smith, Henry John Stephen.
Stokes, William, M.D.
Stoney, George Johns! out -.
1862
Bentham, George.
Bristow, Henry William.
Clarke, Alexander Ross, Capt. R.I-:.
Dawson, John William ; afterwards Kt.
Evans, Frederick John Owen ; afterwards K.C.B.
Hicks, John Braxton, M.D.
Hook, Rev. Walter Farquhar, D.D.
Rolleston, George.
Siemens, Charles William ; afterwards K t
Simpson, Maxwell.
Stewart, Balfour.
Teale, Thomas Pridgin.
Tennant, Sir James Emerson ; afterwards Bt.
Todhunter, Isaac.
Williams, Charles Greville Hanson.
Despretz, Cesar M.
Neumann, Franz Ernst [ (For. Mem.).
Weber, Ernst Heinrich )
Caithness, James Sinclair, Earl of.
1863
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Patron, 1901.
Bouverie, Rt. Hon. Edward Pleydell.
Thomson, William, D.D., Archbishop of ^ 01
Head, Sir Edmund Walker, Bt.
Magnus, Heinrich Gustav (For. Mem.).
Cooke, Edward William.
Crookes, William ; afterwards Kt. ami
Eardley-Wilmot, Frederick Murow, Col. H. A
Fergusson, James.
Field, Frederick.
Harley, Rev. Robert.
Hind/ John Russell.
Merrifield, Charles Watkins.
Oliver, Daniel
410
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
1863 (continued]
.him- I
18 June 2
Feb. 9
Mar. 16 23
Apr. 27 June 1
Paw, Frederick William, M.D.
Pengelly, William.
Roscoe. 1 lenry Enfield ; afterwards Kt.
Salmon, Rev. George, D.D.
Salter, Samuel James Augustus.
Stanley, Rev. Arthur Penrhyn, D.D.
Kummer, Ernst Eduard ) ,^ ^ ,
Steenstrup, Johannes Japetus Smith] v-
1864
Barkly, Sir Henry, K.C.B.
Brinton, William, M.D.'
Cobbold, Thomas Spencer, M.D.
Ellis, Alexander John.
Evans, John ; afterwards K.C.B.
Flower, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.
Grubb, Thomas.
Hay, Sir John Charles Dalrymple, Bt. ; afterwards
Admiral and G.C.B.
Jenner, William, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. and G.C.B. Locock, Sir Charles, Bt., M.D. Sanders, William. S my the, William James, Col. R.A. Strange, Lieut-Col. Alexander. Warington, Robert. Wood, Nicholas. Bernard, Claude \
Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon I (For. Mem.). Wurt/, Adolph Charles j
1865
Dufterin and Claneboye, Frederick Temple Blackwood, Lord ; afterwards Marq. of Dufferin and Ava.
Turner, Sir George James, Lord Justice.
Donoughmore, Richard John Hely Hutchinson, Earl of.
Orleans, Louis Philippe cT, comte de Paris.
Cockle, Hon. James ; afterwards Kt.
Dawes, Rev. William Rutter.
Geikie, Archibald ; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1908).
Gore, George.
Grant, Robert.
dray, George Robert.
Harley, George, M.D.
Jen kin, Henry Charles Fleeming.
Huinrins, William; afterwards K.C.B. and O.M. (P.R.S. 1900).
McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold.
McDonnell, Robert, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL KIX.ISTKK OF FELLOWS ill
Date of Election
1865
June 1
Nov. 23
June 7
J4
May 9 June 6
Dec. 19
Mar. 26
Parker, William Tennyson, Alfrn 1 ; iftei in > >on.
Thwaites, Greorae Uiin\ KrixlHrk. Walker, Jam«i Thorn = . I. rat-Col, l; Villiers, Rt. Hon. Charles IVlham.
1866
Bucknill, John Charles M.I).
Farrar, Rev. Frederick William.
Guy, William Augustus.
Hector, James, M.I). ; afterwards K.C.M.G.
Kaye, John William.
Miiller, Hugo.
Murchison, Charles, M.I).
Perkin, William Henry ; afterwards Kt.
Pratt, Rev. John Henry.
Richards, George Henry, Capt. K.N. ; afterwards K.C.B.
Richardson, Thomas.
Russell, William Henry Leighton.
Selwyn, Rev. William, D.D.
Townsend, Rev. Richard.
Watts, Henry.
Donders, Franz Cornelius
Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard \ (For. Mem.).
Rose, Gustav
1867
Bovill, Sir William, Lord Chief Justice.
Baird, William, M.D.
Dawkins, William Boyd.
Duppa, Baldwin Francis.
Glmther, Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf, M.I).
Haast, Julius ; afterwards K.C.M.G.
Haig, Robert Wolseley, Capt. R.A.
Hanbury, Daniel.
Hulke, John Whitaker.
Hull, Edward.
Lowe, Edward Joseph.
Napier, James Robert.
Richardson, Benjamin Ward, M.I). ; afterwards Kt.
Sanderson, John Scott Burdon, M.D. ; afterwards B
Stainton, Henry Tibbats.
Tomlinson, Charles.
Rosse, Laurence Parsons, Earl of.
1868
Bischoff, Theodor Ludwig Wilht-lm i (,,or Mcm ) Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel j
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Election
1868 (continued)
. 26
5» June 4
Dec. 10
Jan. 28 Apr. 29
55
June 3
55
99
5* 55 5' «5 55 55 51
Dee. Ifi June .'3
55 55 55
Mold, Hugo von i (For
Schwabe, Samuel Heinrich / v
Ball, John.
Bastian, Henry Charlton, M.D.
Cameron, John, Lieut.- Col. R.E.
Clifton, Robert Bellamy.
(Yot'ton, Morgan William.
Davis, Joseph Barnard, M.D.
Duncan, Peter Martin.
Griess, John Peter.
Harcourt, Augustus George Vernon.
Key, Jiear-Adm. Astley Cooper; afterwards G.C.B.
Ommanney, Rear-Adm. Erasmus; afterwards K.C.B.
Pettigrew, James Bell, M.D.
Stone, Edward James.
Tristram, Rev. Henry Baker.
Vaux, William Sandys Wright.
Houghton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord.
1869
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoigne Cecil, Mar- quess of.
De Candolle, Alphonse j Delaunay, Charles Eugene i- (For. Mem.). Pasteur, Louis Baker, Sir Samuel White. Bigsby, John Jeremiah, M.D. Chambers, Charles. Esson, William. Foster, George Carey.
Gull, William Withey, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. Lockyer, Joseph Norman ; afterwards K.C.B. McClean, John Robinson. Mivart, St. George Jackson. Reynolds, John Russell, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. Robinson, Vice-Adm. Sir Robert Spencer, K.C.B. Tennant, James Francis, Maj. R.E. Thomson, Wyville ; afterwards Kt. Thuillier, Henry E. Landor, Col. R.A. ; afterwards Kt. Walker, Edward. Napier of Magdala, Robert Cornelis, Lord.
1870
Froude, William.
(ireenhow, Fdwai'd Headlam, M.D.
J.'igo, .lames. M.D.
Maskelyne. Nevil Story.
Masters, Maxwell Tylden, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKCilSTl H OF 1 I I .LOWS H:I
Date of Election
1870 (eo
une 2
Nov. 24
May 25 June 8
Nov. 23
Jan. 18 June 6
Mewton, Alfred.
Noble, Andrew; afterwards Bt. and K < Osborn, Sherard, Capt. U.\ 'arkinson, Rev. Stephen. 'arsons, Robert Mann, ('apt. U.I lansom, William Henry, M.D. Scott, Robert Henry.
Verdon, George Frederic; afterwards K .( .M.(. Voelcker, John Christopher Augustus. Wilks, Samuel, M.D. ; afterward^ Ht. Sutherland, George Gram-UK- William Sutherland,
Duke of.
Angstrom, Anders Jon s I (1m M. in )
Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand j l
1871
Lowe, Rt. Hon. Robert; afterwards VIM Shift)
Besant, William Henry.
Budd, William, M.D.
Callender, George William.
Carruthers, William.
Etheridgo, Robert.
Guthrie, Frederick.
Herschel, John, Capt. R.E.
Moncrieft', Capt. Alexander; afterward- M ,B,
Quain, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Schorleinmer, Carl.
Thomas, Edward.
Tylor, Edward Buraiet ; afterwards Kt.
Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood.
Walden, Arthur, Viscount; afterwmnh Marquess
Tweeddale. Wood, John. Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil.
1872
Goschen, Rt. Hon. George Joachim ; afterwards Vi«.
Adams, Andrew Leith.
Adams, William Grylls.
Clark, Frederick Le Gros.
Cleland, John, M.D.
Foster, Michael, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.B.
Fox, Wilson, M.D.
Gamgee, Arthur, M.D.
Hincks, Rev. Thomas.
Jevons, William Stanley.
Johnson, George, M.D. ; afterward* Kt.
414
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Khrtlon
June 6
Jan. 16 June 12
Nov. 27
. s
June 4
1872 (continued)
Jones, Thomas Rupert.
Montgomerie, Thomas George, Maj. R.E.
Ormerod, Edward Latham, M.D.
Kouth, Edward John.
Russell, William James.
1873
Childers, lit. Hon. Hugh Culling Eardley.
Aitken, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Armstrong, Sir Alexander, M.D., K.C.B.
Ball, Robert Stawell ; afterwards Kt.
Beddoe, John, M.D.
Bramwell, Frederick Joseph ; afterwards Bt.
Calver, Edward Killwick, Capt. R.X.
Ellery, Robert Lewis John.
Grant, Lieut.-Col. James Augustus.
Markham, Clements Robert ; afterwards K.C.B.
Paget, George Edward, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.B.
Royston-Pigott, George West, M.D.
Salvin, Osbert.
Strutt, Hon. John William ; afterwards Lord Rayleigh,
and O.M. (P.R.S. 1905). Woodward, Henry. Young, James. Erman, Georg Adolf Gray, Asa Halloy, Jean Baptiste Julien
D'Omalius d' \ (For. Mem.).
Henle, Franz Gustav Jakob Hermite, Charles Struve, Otto Wilhelm Card well, lit. Hon. Edward ; afterwards Viscount.
1874
Bell, Sir Isaac Lowthian ; afterwards Bt.
Blanford, William Thomas.
Brady, Henry Bowman.
Bran ton, Thomas Lauder, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Clifford, William Kingdon.
Franks, Augustus Wollaston ; afterwards K.C.B.
Henrici, Olaus Magnus F. E.
Hewett, Prescotl Gardner ; afterwards Bt.
Howard, John Eliot.
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner, K.C.S.I.
Mills, Edmund James.
Perry, Rev. Stephen Joseph, S.J.
Rumsey, Henry Wyldbore, M.D.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 415
Date of Election
1874 (ronti,,
line 4
Feb. 18 Apr. 8
22 29 June 3
Jan. 20 Feb. 1 June 1
elwyn, Alfred Hu hard Cecil.
Vilson, Charles William, M , U !
1875
Xorthcote, Rt. Hon. Sir Stafford Henry; afterward*
Earl of Iddesleigh.
Carnarvon, Henry Howard MolymMix Herbert, Earl of. Forster, Rt. Hon. William Edward, ieneden, Pierre Joseph van iertrand, Joseph Louis Fran 3es Cloizeaux, Alfred Louis Olivier Fizeau, Hippolyte Louis
Fries, Elias Magnus (For. Mem.).
Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar Kekule, August Kirchhoft', Gustav Robert Ludvvig, Carl
Gurney, Rt. Hon. Russell. Colvile, Rt. Hon. Sir James William. Archer, William.
Bennett, James Risdon, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. Brandis, Dietrich ; afterwards K.C.I. E. Caird, James ; afterwards K.C.B. Casey, John. Dupre, August. Geikie, James.
Glaisher, James Whitbread Lee. Hennessey, John Baboneau Nickterlien. Klein, Edward Emanuel, M.D. Lankester, Edwin Ray ; afterwards K.C.B. Nares, George Strong, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards K.C.B. Newall, Robert Stirling. Roberts, William Chandler ; afterwards Roberts- Aust
and K.C.B. Scott, Henry Young Darracott, Major-Cien. H.L.
1876
Aberdare, Henry Austin Bruce, Lord. Sclater-Booth,Rt.Hon.George; afterwards LordB
Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin; afterwards
Beaconsfield. Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Capt. R.b. ; aflerwi
K.C.B.
Armstrong, Henry Edward. Clarke, Rev. William Branwhite. Croll, James. Dunkin, Edwin.
416
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
1876 (continued)
June 1
May 3
» June 7
Dec. 13
Feb. 14 June 6
Erichsen, John Eric ; afterwards Bt.
Ferrier, David, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Lane-Fox, Col. Augustus Henrv ; afterwards Lt.-Genl.
Pitt-Rivers. Garrod, Alfred Henry. I lay ward, Robert Baldwin. Meld rum, Charles.
Reed, Edward James ; afterwards K.C.B. Rutherford, William, M.D. Swinhoe, Robert. Thorpe, Thomas Edward ; afterwards Kt.
1877
Coleridge, John Duke, Lord.
Frere, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Bartle Edward.
Dewar, James ; afterwards Kt.
Fayrer, Sir Joseph, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Ferrers, Rev. Norman Macleod.
Frascr, Thomas Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Hodgson, Brian Haughton.
Judd, John Wesley.
Mclntosh, William Carmichael, M.D.
McLachlan, Robert.
Mallet, John William.
Medlicott, Henry Benedict.
Moseley, Henry Nottidge.
Reynolds, Osborne.
Roberts, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Thomson, James.
Turner, William ; afterwards K.C.B.
Berthelot, Marcelin
Decaisne, Joseph
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich
Kolbe, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann (For. Mem.).
Leuckart, Rudolph
Newcomb, Simon
Tchebitchef, Pafnutij
1878
Smith, Rt. Hon. William Henry.
Gregory, Rt. Hon. Sir William Henry, K.C.B.
Baker, John Gilbert.
Balfour, Francis Maitland.
Bonney, Rev. Thomas George.
Cotterill, James Henry.
Elliot, Sir Walter, K.C.S.I.
Greenwell, Rev. Canon William.
Hawksley, Thomas.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKc.ISTKK OP I I I LOWS 417
Date of Election
1878 («
Tune 6
Apr. 3
June 12
Jan. 8 June 3
Flopkinson, John. Jackson, John Hughlings, M.I). Lindsay, James Ludovic, lx>rd; afterward* Earl of
Crawford and Balcarres. lloberts, Samuel. Schafer, Edward Albert. Sprengel, Hermann Johann Philipp. Symons, George James. Tomes, Charles Sissmore.
1879
Cross, Rt. Hon. Richard Assheton ; afterwards VUcount.
Auwers, Arthur Cremona, Luigi Quatrefages de Breau, Jean Loui-
Armand de \ (For. M
Quincke, Georg Hermann Schwann, Theodor Stas, Jean Servais Anderson, John, M.D. Berkeley, Rev. Miles Joseph. Bessemer, Sir Henry. Brown, Alexander Crum. Buller, Walter Lowry; afterwards K.C.M.(. Darwin, George Howard ; afterwards K.C.B. Everett, Joseph David.
Francois de Chaumont, Francis Stephen Bennet, M.ll. Liveing, George Downing. Matthey, George. Romanes, George John. Schuster, Arthur. Seeley, Harry Govier. Williamson, Benjamin. Wright, Thomas, M.D.
1880
Northbrook, Thomas George Baring, Earl of. Attfield, John. Blanford, Henry Francis. Clifford- Allbutt, Thomas, M.D. Dallinger, Rev. William Henry. Thiselton-Dyer, William Turner ; afterwards K.C. Godwin- Austen, Lieut.-Col. Henry Havcrsham. Graves, Charles, Bishop of Limerick. Hughes, David Edward. Jeftery, Henry Martyn. vrjuir
M'Coy, Frederick ; afterwards K.C.M.G Moulton, John Fletcher ; afterwards Lord E e
afterwanU K .( l>
418
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1880 (continued)
June 3
17 Nov. 25
Jan. 13 Feb. 3
May 12
June 2
Dec. 15
Jan. 12
Mar. 9 16
June 8
Niven, Charles.
Rae, John.
Reynolds, James Emerson, M.D.
Tilden, William Augustus ; afterwards Kt.
Beresford-Hope, Rt. Hon. Alexander James Beresford.
Jessel, Rt. Hon. Sir George.
1881
Gladstone, Rt. Hon. William Evvart.
Grant Duff, Rt. Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone ; after- wards G.C.S.I.
Daubree, Gabriel Auguste \
Marignac, Jean Charles Gallisard de I
Nage?i, Clrl
Weierstrass, Carl Wilhelm von
Ayrton, William Edward.
Bates, Henry Walter.
Bristowe, John Syer, M.D.
Christie, William Henry Mahoney ; afterwards K.C.B.
Dickie, George, M.D.
Kempe, Alfred Bray ; afterwards Kt.
Macalister, Alexander, M.D.
McLeod, Herbert.
Phillips, John Arthur.
Preece, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.
Samuelson, Bernhard ; afterwards Bt.
Stoney, Bindon Blood.
Traquair, Ramsay H., M.D.
Watson, Rev. Henry William.
Wright, Charles Romley Alder.
Harcourt, Rt. Hon. Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon.
1882
Fawcett, Rt. Hon. Henry.
Bramwell, Rt. Hon. Sir George William Wilshere;
afterwards Lord.
Mundella, Rt. Hon. Anthony John. Edinburgh, H.R.H. the Duke of; afterwards Duke of
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Ball, Valentine.
Brady, George Stewardson, M.D. Buchanan, George, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. Clarke, Charles Baron. Darwin, Francis. Dittmar, William. Guskell, Walter Holbrook, M.D. Glazebrook, Richard Tetley.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I I LOWS 419
Date of Election
June 8
Dec. 14
June 7
55
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 5J 55 55 55
Dec. 13
Jan. 31
55 55
June 12
1882
Godman, Frederick l)u (
Hutchinson, Jonathan ; afterward l\
Liversidge, Archibald.
Malet, John C.
Niven, William Davidson; afterward- K ( 11
Palgrave, Robert Harry Inglis ; afterwards
Weldon, Walter.
Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. .Inx-ph.
1883
Aitchison, Surgeon-Major James Edwai . M . I >
Browne, James Crichton, M.D. ; afterNs K
Dobson, Surgeon-Major George Edward.
Duncan, James Matthews, M.I).
Fitzgerald, George Francis.
Flight, Walter.
Frost, Rev. Percival.
Gill, David ; afterwards K.C.B.
Groves, Charles Edward.
Grubb, Howard ; afterwards Kt.
Langley, John Newport.
Reinold, Arnold William.
Trimen, Roland.
Venn, John.
Walker, John James.
Fry, Sir Edward, Lord Justice.
1884
.De Bary, Anton
Gegenbaur, Carl
Kronecker, Leopold V (For. Mem.).
Virchow, Rudolph
Wiedemann, Gustav
Allman, George Johnston.
Balfour, Isaac Bayley.
Baxendell, Joseph.
Bell, James.
Hartley, Walter Noel v afterwards Kt.
Herschel, Alexander Stewart.
Hudleston, Wilfred Hudleston.
Lamb, Horace.
McKendrick, John Gray, M.D.
Ransome, Arthur, M.D.
Roy, Charles Smart, M.D.
Riicker, Arthur William ; afterwards Kt.
Thomson, Joseph John ; afterwards K ^
Warren, Col. Sir Charles, G.C.M.G. ; afterwards K.C.B.
E e 2
420
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1884 (continued}
June 12 Dec. 18
May 21
June 4
Dec. 10
June- 4
10
Watson, Morrison, M.I).
Corn u, Alfred ) . ., ,,
Dana, James Dwight \ <*or' Mcm->-
1885
Bo wen, Sir Charles Synge Christopher, Lord Justice.
Baird, Andrew Wilson, Major H.K.
( arpenter, Philip Herbert.
( 'lark, Sir Andrew, Bt.
Common, Andrew Ainslie.
Creak, Ettrick. William.'
Divers, Edward.
Hicks, Henry, M.D.
Hicks, William Mitchinson.
Japp, Francis Robert.
Marshall, Arthur Milnes, M.I).
Martin, Henry Newall.
O'Sullivan, Cornelius.
Perry, John.
Ringer, Sydney.
Vines, Sidney Howard.
Baeyer, Adolf \
Klein, Felix I /17 ...
Kowalewski, Alexander Onufrievitch f
Loven, Sven Ludwig j
1886
J«clwell, Shelford.
( 'olenso, William.
Dixon, Harold Baily.
Festing, Edward Robert, Maj.-Geii. R.E.
h'orsyth, Andrew Russell.
(ireen, Alexander Henry.
Horsley, Victor Alexander Haden ; afterwards Kt.
Meldola, Raphael.
Pye-Smith, Philip Henry, M.D.
Russell, Henry Chamberlaine.
Sedgwick, Adam.
Unwin, William Cawthorne.
Warington, Robert.
Wharton, William James Lloyd, Capt. R.N. ; after- wards K.C.B.
Wilde, Henry.
Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of.
Thurlow, Thomas John Hovell-Thurlow Camming Bruce, Lord.
CHRONOLOGICAL KKGISTKU OF KKLLOWB
q/' Election
Jan. 13 kine 9
Jan. 12 Mar. 22
May 3
31
55 55
55
June 7
55 55 55 55 55 55
Apr. 4 June 6
1887
I
Hanbury -Tracy, Atholc (Lord
ialsbury, Rt. Hon. Hardinge Stanley Buchanan, John Young. Cash, John Theodore, M.I). Douglass, Sir James Nicholas. Ewing, James Alfred; afterward* K.C.It. Forbes, George.
Gowers, William Richard, M.I). ; afterwards Kt Kennedy, Alexander B. W. ; afterwards Kt. King, George ; afterwards K.C.I. E. Kirk, Sir John, G.C.M.(. Lodge, Oliver Joseph ; afterwards K t . Milne, John.
Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. Octavius. Snelus, George James. Walsingham, Thomas, Ixrnl. Whitaker, William.
1888
Balfour, Rt. Hon. Arthur Jaim-. Sudeley, Charles D.mglas Richard
Lord. Macdonald, Rt. Hon. John Hay
Kingsburgh).
Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond Kopp, Hermann
Pfluger, Eduard Friedrich Wilhel Sachs, Julius Andrews, Thomas. Bottomley, James Thomson. Boys, Charles Vernon.
Church, Arthur Herbert ; afterwards K.C.V.O. Greenhill, Alfred George ; afterwards Kt. Jervois, Sir William F. D., Lieut.-Gen. R.L. Lapworth, Charles. Parker, Thomas Jeffery. Poynting, John Henry. Ramsay, William ; afterwards K.C.H. Teale, Thomas Pridgin. Topley, William. Trimen, Henry. Ward, Henry Marshall. White, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.
1889 De Worms, Rt. Hon. Baron Henry ; afterwards Lord
Pirbright. Aitken, John. Ballard, Edward, M.D.
l(F« 1ml
•or. Mem.).
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Dal of Election
June 6
Dec. 5
June 5
Feb. 5
Mar. 12 June 4
1889 (continued)
Basset, Alfred Barnard. Brown, Horace Tabberer. Clark, Latimer. Cunningham, David Douglas. Fletcher, Lazarus.
ley. William Bottirig. Hudson. Charles Thomas. Hughes, Thomas McKenny. Poulton, Edward Bagnall. Sollas, William Johnson. Todd, Charles ; afterwards K.C.M.G. Tomlinson, Herbert. Yeo, Gerald Francis. M.D. Cannizzaro, Stanislao
Chauveau, Jean Baptiste Auguster (For. Mem.). Rowland, Henry Augustus.
1890
Baker, Sir Benjamin, K.C.M.G.
Bosanquet, Robert Holford Macdowall.
Burbury, Samuel Hawkesley.
Gardiner, Walter.
Kerr, John.
Lea, Arthur Sheridan.
MacMahon, Percy Alexander, Maj. R.A.
Nor man, Rev. Alfred Merle.
Perkiri, William Henry.
Pickering, Spencer Umfreville.
Roberts, Isaac.
Sharp, David.
Tr-all, J. J. Harris.
Thome, Richard Thorne ; afterwards K.C.B.
Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael.
1891
Jackson, Rt. Hon. William Lawies; afterwards Lord
Allerton.
Hannen, Rt. Hon. James, Lord. Anderson, William ; afterwards K.C.B. Bower, Frederick Orpen. Conroy, Sir John, Bt. Cunningham, Daniel John, M.D. Dawson, George Mercer. Elliott, Edwin Bailey. Frankland, Percy Faraday. Gilchrist, Percy Carlyle. Halliburton, William Dobinson, M.D. Heaviside, Oliver.
;HRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 423
une 4
Date of Election
Nov. 26
Jan. 21 Mar. 3 May 19
55 55 55
Tune 2
55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
Dec. 15
June 1
55 55 55 55
1891 (continued}
Vlarr, John Edward. Vlond, Ludwig.
haw, William Napier.
^hompson, Silvanus Phillips. lizard, Thomas Henry, Capt. R.N. Agassiz, Alexander \
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (For M ^ Strasburger, Eduard Tacchini, Pietro
1892
Herschell, Rt. Hon. Farrer, Lord.
Devonshire, Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of.
Kuhne, Willy
Mascart, Eleuthere Elie Nicolas I ,For Mem \
Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovich
Newton, Hubert Anson
Armstrong, Robert Young, Lieut.-Col. R.b.
Beddard, Frank Evers. Fleming, John Ambrose.
Foster, Clement Le Neve ; afterwards Kt.
Gadow, Hans Friedrich.
Giffen, Robert ; afterwards K.C.B.
Gotch, Francis.
Herdman, WiUiam Abbott.
Hutton, Frederick Wollaston, Capt. K.fc.
Joly,John.
Larmor, Joseph ; afterwards Kt.
Miall, Louis Compton.
Peach, Benjamin Neeve.
Pedler, Alexander ; afterwards Kt.
Efe Wr teSS- Vise, ana O.M 1893
Burnside, William. Dunstan, Wyndham Rowland. Ellis, WiUiam.
K-CB
Hobson, Ernest William. Howorth, Sir Henry Hoyle, K.C.I.E. Newton, Edwin Tulley. Sherrington, Charles ^ott, M D. Stirling, Edward Charles, M.D. Thornycroft, John Isaac; afterwards Kt. Trail, James William Helenus, M.D^ Wallace, Alfred Russel ; afterwards O.M
424
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of
Election
1893 (continued)
June 1
55 8
. 14
Apr. 26
June 7
5? 5? 55 55
Jan. 24 June 13
I),,.
Worthington, Arthur Mason.
Young, Sydney.
York, George, Duke of ; afterwards Prince of Wales,
and King George V. Patron, 1910. Bryce, Rt. Hon. James ; afterwards O.M.
1894
Baillon, Henri Ernest)
Poincare, Henri L (For. Mem.).
Suess, Eduard
Bateson, William.
Boulenger, George Albert.
Bradford, John Rose, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.M.G.
Callendar, Hugh Longbourne.
Cheyne, William Watson ; afterwards Bt.
Froude, Robert Edmund.
Hill, Micaiah John Muller.
Jones, John Viriamu.
Love, Augustus Edward Hough.
Lydekker, Richard.
Penrose, Francis Cranmer.
Scott, Dukinfield Henry.
Smith, Rev. Frederick John ; afterwards Jervis-Smith.
Swan, Joseph Wilson ; afterwards Kt.
Veley, Victor Herbert.
1895
Davey, Rt. Hon. Horace, Lord.
Barry, John Wolfe; afterwards K.C.B.
Bourne, Alfred Gibbs.
Bryan, George Hartley.
Eliot, John ; afterwards K.C.I.E.
Green, Joseph Reynolds.
Griffiths, Ernest Howard.
Heycock, Charles Thomas.
Hickson, Sydney John.
Holden, Henry Capel Lofft, Maj. R.A.
McClean, Frank.
Macewen, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Martin, Sidney Harris Cox, M.D.
Minchin, George Mineliin.
Power, William Henry; afterwards K.C.B.
Purdie, Thomas.
Gaudry, Albert.
Kolilrausch, Friedrirh
I/mgley, Samuel Pierpont (For. Mem.).
Lie, Sophus
Metchnikoff, Elias
CHRONOLOGICAL lUc.lSTIK ul I I I LOWS 4*5
Date of
I'lltrt'um
1896
M.-ir. 1 Fune 4
55
55
Nov. 26
5> 55
Dec. 17
Mar. 4
Apr. 1 June 3
55 55 55 .55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
Nov. 25
55 55 55
, Rt. Hon. Sir llicluud. 'larke, Sir George Svdmlmni. 1 U 1
Jollie, John Norman. Downing, Arthur Mat thru NV.-ld. Elgar, Francis. Gray, Andrew. Hinde, George .It-linings. Miers, Henry Alexander ; Mott, Frederick Walker. M.I). Murray, John ; afterward^ K.( .B. Pearson, Karl.
Stebbing, Rev. Thom;ts U<^< •«»»• Kede. Stewart, Charles. Wilson, William Edward. Woodward, Horace Botingforoke. Wynne, William Palmer. Heim, Albert \
Lippmann, Gabriel Mittag-Leffler, Gosta Schiaparelli, Giovanni J Gorst, Rt. Hon. Sir John Eldon.
1897
Amagat, 6mile Hilaire
Cohn, Ferdinand
Gibbs, Josiah Willard ,p M }
Heidenhain, Rudolph P. H/1
Koch, Robert
Wislicenus, Johannes
Bell, Robert.
Broadbent, Sir William Henry, Bt.
Chree, Charles.
Elwes, Henry John.
Haldane, John Scott, M.D.
Haswell, William A.
Howes, George Bond.
Kipping, Frederic Stanley.
Mathews, George Ballard.
Murray, George Robert Milne.
Neville, Francis Henry.
Nicholson, Henry Alleyne, M.I).
Thomson, John Millar.
Trouton, Frederick Thomas.
Turner, Herbert Hall.
van't Hoff, Jacobus Hendrikj
Lacaze-Duthiers, Henri «K I (Fof Mrlll_ h
PfefFer, Wilhelm
Zirkel, Ferdinand
426
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
Jan. 20 27 June 9
Dec. 15
Jan. 26
June 1
55
55 55 55 55 55 M 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
55
Dec. 14
June 14
1898
Lindley, Rt. Hon. Sir Nathaniel ; afterwards Lord. Maxwell, Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert Eustace. Baker, Henry Frederick. Brown, Ernest William. Buchan, Alexander. Harmer, Sidney Frederic. Lister, Arthur.
McMahon, Lieut. -Gen. Charles Alexander. Osier, William ; afterwards Bt. Parsons, Hon. Charles Algernon ; afterwards K.C.B. Preston, Thomas. Reid, Edward Waymouth. Scott, Alexander. Seward, Albert Charles. Shenstone, William Ash well. Taylor, Henry Marty n. Wimshurst, James.
Curzon of Kedleston, George Nathaniel, Lord ; after- wards Earl.
1899
Lefevre, Rt. Hon. George John Shaw ; afterwards
Lord Eversley.
Barrett, William Fletcher ; afterwards Kt. Booth, Charles.
Bruce, Major David ; afterwards Kt. Fenton, Henry John Horstman. Gamble, James Sykes. Haddon, Alfred Cort. Head, Henry, M.D. Hele-Shaw, Henry Selby. Morgan, Conwy Lloyd. Reid, Clement.
Starling, Ernest Henry, M.D. Tanner, Henry William Lloyd. Threlfall, Richard. Tutton, Alfred Edwin Howard. Windle, Bertram Coghill Alan ; afterwards Kt. Boltzmann, Ludwig Dohrn, Anton
Fischer, Emil UFor. Mem.).
Neumayer, Georg von Treub, Melchior /
Romer, Rt, Hon. Sir Robert, Lord Justice.
1900
Burch, George James. David, T. W. Edgeworth.
CHRONOLOGICAL |{K(,ISTKIJ <>1 IM.I.o\VS
Date of Election
June 14
June 21 Nov. 22
May 9 June 6
Mar. 20 May 15 June 5
1900 (rontiniirih
^armer, John Bivtland.
lill, Leonard.
rlorne, John.
Lister, Joseph Jackson
VtacGregor, Jaim •- (ionlon.
Vianson, Patrick, M.I). ; at'U-ru.-. '. <.
Muir, Thomas.
Rambaut, Arthur Alcock.
Sell, William James.
Spencer, Walter Baldwin.
Walker, Janu-s.
Watts, Philip ; afterward- K.C.H.
Wilson, Charles Thomson H
North, Rt. Hon. Sir Ford.
Northumberland, Hen r\ G Percy, Duke of.
1901
Leydig, Franz von (For. Mom.).
Alcock, Alfred William.
Dyson, Frank Watson.
Evans, Arthur John ; afterward > Kt.
Gregory, John Walter.
Jackson, Henry Bradwardine, Capt. H.N afterwards
K.C.B.
Macdonald, Hector Munro. Mansergh, James. Martin, Charles James. Ross, Ronald, Major; afterwanls K.C.B. Schlich, William ; afterwards K.C.I.E. Smithells, Arthur. Thomas, Michael R. Oldfield. Watson, William. Whetham, William C. Dampier. Woodward, Arthur Smith.
1902
Stirling, Rt. Hon. Sir Jam-.
Goldie, Sir George D. Taubman, K.C,M.(.
Baker, Herbert Brereton.
Bovey, Henry Taylor.
Boyce, Rubert ; afterwards Kt.
Brown, John.
Hardy, William Bate.
Harker, Alfred.
Hough, Sydney Samuel.
Kidston, Robert.
Mather, Thomas.
Michell, John Henry.
428
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Date of Election
1902 (continued)
June 5
5? 19
Nov. :27
55
55 55 55 55 55 55
June 11
55 55 55 55 55 J5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
May 5
55 55 55
(For. Mem.).
Newall, Hugh Frank.
Petrie, William Matthew Flinders.
Pope, William Jackson.
Saunders, Edward.
Willey, Arthur.
Alverstone, Richard Everard Webster, Lord.
1 ,ong, Rt. Hon. Walter Hume.
Plunkett, lit. Hon. Horace Curzon ; afterwards
K.C.V.O.
Bregger, Waldemar Christofer Darboux, Gaston. Her ing, Ewald Hill, George William Michelson, Albert Abraham Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von Solms-Laubach, Graf Hermann zu Thomsen, Julius >
1903
Bayliss, William Maddock.
Bridge, Thomas William.
Copeman, Sydney Arthur Monckton.
Darwin, Horace.
Hiern, William Philip.
Mallock, Henry Reginald Arnulph.
Masson, David Ornie.
Perkin, Arthur George.
Rutherford, Ernest.
Sampson, Ralph Allen.
Stead, John Edward.
Strahan, Aubrey.
Symington, Johnson.
Townsend, John Sealy.
Whitehead, Alfred North.
1904
Brodie, Thomas Gregor.
Burrard, Sidney Gerald.
Dixon, Alfred Cardew.
Dol)l)ic, James Johnston.
Holland, Thomas Henry; afterwards K.C.I. K.
Joly, Charles Jasjxir.
Marshall, Hugh.
Mcyrick, Edward.
Muirhcad, Alexander.
Nuttall, George Henry Falkincr.
Shipley, Arthur Everett.
Travcrs, Morris William.
CHRONOLOGICAL KK< .ISTKK Ol II
Date of Election
May 5
une 16
May 11
May 3
Nov. 1
1904 (
Wager, Harold William Taylor. Walker, Gilbert Thon
Watts, William Whitehead. Strathcona, Donald Alt
1905
Adami, John George. 3one, William Arthur. Campbell, John Edward. Dines, William Hem -y.
Field, Arthur Mo-tyn. (apt. H.\ .1 K < 11
Forster, Martin Onslow. Goodrich, Edwin Stephen. Hopkins, Frederick Gowland. Lamplugh, George William, MacBride, Ernest William. Oliver, Francis Wall. Prain, David ; afterwards Kt. Searle, George Frederick Charts. Strutt, Hon. Robert John. Whittaker, Edmund Taylor. De Vries, Hugo ^
Hermann, Ludimar ^ (For Mnn }
Lorentz, Hendnk Antoon Moissan, Henri
1906
Andrews, Charles William.
Beilby, George Thomas.
Blackman, Frederick Frost.
Bromwich, Thomas John FAn.son.
Cowell, Philip Herbert.
Heape, Walter.
Jeans, James Hopwood.
Lees, Charles Herbert.
Lyons, Henry George, Capt. ll.E.
Macallum, Archibald Byron.
Marsh, James Ernest.
Mitchell, Peter Chalmers.
Swinburne, James.
Wilson, Harold Albert.
Wright, Almroth Edward ; afterward > K
Hallane, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon ; aft en
Viscount, and Lord Chancellor. Iveagh, Edward Cecil Guinn^^count Connaught and Strathearn, H.R.H. ITic 1
430
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of Election |
1907 |
|
May 2 |
Adams, Frank Dawson. |
|
55 |
Anderson, Hugh Kerr. |
|
•« |
Benham, William Blaxland Shoppee. |
|
55 |
Blythswood, Archibald Campbell Campbell, Lord. |
|
55 |
Bragg, William Henry. |
|
55 |
Chattaway, Frederick Daniel. |
|
n |
Crossley, Arthur William. |
|
55 |
Cushny, Arthur Robertson. |
|
55 |
Duddell, William. |
|
55 |
Gamble, Frederick William. |
|
55 |
Petavel, Joseph Ernest. |
|
n |
Pocklington, Henry Cabourn. |
|
„ |
Ridley, Henry Nicholas. |
|
«« |
Smith, Grafton Elliot. |
|
55 |
Young, William Henry. |
|
June 6 |
Pawlow, Ivan Petrovitch \ |
|
55 55 |
Pickering Edward Charles p M Retzms, Magnus Crustat |
|
55 |
Righi, Augusto |
|
1908 |
|
|
May 7 |
Barlow, William. |
|
55 |
Berkeley, Randal Thomas Mowbray, Earl of. |
|
55 |
Clerk, Dugald. |
|
55 |
Dendy, Arthur. |
|
55 |
Dixon, Henry Horatio. |
|
55 |
Gardiner, John Stanley. |
|
55 |
Gowland, William. |
|
55 |
Grace, John Hilton. |
|
55 |
Hamilton, David James. |
|
55 |
Major, Charles Immanuel Forsyth. |
|
55 |
Nevill, Edmund Neville. |
|
„ |
Rivers, William Halse Rivers. |
|
55 |
Russell, Hon. Bertrand Arthur William. |
|
55 |
Stapf, Otto. |
|
55 |
Thorpe, Jocelyn Field. |
|
June 4 |
Becquerel, Antoine Henri \ |
|
55 |
Hi.-l inert, Friedrich Robert | ,p M |
|
n |
Kitasato, Shibamiro |
|
55 |
Mitchell, Silas Weir |
|
Nov. 5 |
As(juith, Rt. Hon. Herbert Henry. |
|
Bedford, Herbrand Arthur Russell, Duke of. |
|
|
1909 |
|
|
Mar. 25 |
Hale, George Ellery \ |
|
55 |
Kronecker, Hugo Picard, Charles 6mile [ (*or' Mem^' |
|
•• |
Ramon y Cajal, Santiago) |
CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,|sM i; 01 111 I
Date of Election
1909 (continued)
May 6
May 5
55 55 55 55 5> 55
June 30
5> 5> 55 55
May 4
55 55 55
Baly, Edward Charles Cyril. Barlow, Sir Tlmma>, lit.' Barnes, Rev. Ernest William. Bather, Francis Arthur. Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott. Hall, Alfred Daniel. Harden, Arthur. Jukes-Browne, Alfred .Inhn. Kerr, John Graham. Lewis, William James. McClelland, John Alexander. Orr, William McFadden. Rendle, Alfred Barton. Smith, James I^orrain. Wilson, James Thomas.
1910
Barcroft, Joseph. Bourne, Gilbert Charles. Coleman, Arthur Philemon. Dixey, Frederick Augustus. Filon, Louis Napoleon George. Fowler, Alfred. Garrod, Archibald Edward. Hardy, Godfrey Harold. Harker, John Allen. Hewitt, John Theodore. Hopkinson, Bertram. Lapworth, Arthur. Leishman, Sir William Boog. Plimmer, Henry George. Soddy, Frederick. Arrhenius, Svante August Bornet, Jean Baptiste Edouard Ehrlich, Paul Volterra, Vito Weismann, August
1911
Barnes, Howard Turner. Brown, Adrian John. Cohen, Julius Berend. Dixon, Walter Ernest. Donnan, Frederick George. Hills, Edmond Herbert. Lang, William Henry. Leathes, John Beresford. Minchin, Edward Alfred.
K (For. Mem.).
432
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Date of Election |
1911 (continued) |
|
May i |
Muir. Robert. |
|
v |
Oldham, Richard Dixon. |
|
»» |
Pocock, Reginald Innes. |
|
•• |
Porter, Alfred William. |
|
5? |
Richmond, Herbert William. |
|
» |
Stoney, George Gerald. |
|
Nov. 9 |
Backlund, Jons Oskar |
|
» |
Groth, Paul Heinrich Hitter von |
|
?> |
Kayser, Heinrich 1 (For. Mem.). |
|
*» |
Le Bel, Joseph Achille |
|
)5 |
TimiriazefF, Clement A. |
|
23 |
Cromer, Evelyn Baring', Earl of, O.M. |
|
?» |
Rothschild, Hon. Lionel Walter. |
|
1912 |
|
|
May 2 |
Arnold, John Oliver. |
|
>» |
Bark la, Charles Glover. |
|
?5 |
Cockayne, Leonard. |
|
»» |
Dixon, Arthur Lee. |
|
?? |
Heath, Sir Thomas Little, K.C.B. |
|
»» |
Jones, Humphrey Owen. |
|
,, |
Lyle, Thomas Ranken. |
|
H |
McDougall, William. |
|
j» |
Messel, Rudolf. |
|
»• |
Moore, Benjamin. |
|
»? |
Nettleship, 'Edward. |
|
j? |
Newstead, Robert. |
|
?j |
Oram, Sir Henry John, K.C.B. |
|
J5 |
Prior, George Thurland. |
|
»5 |
Punnett, Reginald Crundall. |
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOWS
FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE SOCIETY TO MAY 2»D, 1912
Reference to the Chronological Register is given by the daU of election
|
A |
Albertini, O. . |
1780 |
||||
|
Abbot, C. . 1793 |
Albini. M |
|||||
|
Abbot, J. F. . |
1793 |
Albinus, I |
||||
|
Abeille, L. P. |
1762 |
AlcocL A. \\. |
i '• • i |
|||
|
Abel, C. |
1819 |
Alcock, N. . |
741* |
|||
|
Abel, F. A. . |
1860 |
Aldersey, I: |
794 |
|||
|
Abercorn, Earl of ( |
eePa |
sley, |
Lord) |
Alderson. ' |
841 |
|
|
Aberdare, Lord |
1876 |
Alexander. H. |
847 |
|||
|
Aberdeen, Earl of |
1808 |
Alex |
•* • |
|||
|
Aberdour, Lord Aberdour, Lord |
1733 1764 |
Alfred, Luke of Edinburgh . . 888 Algarotti, F. . . . 17M |
||||
|
Abernethy, J. |
1796 |
Alison, A. . |
798 |
|||
|
Abgali, Mohammec |
Ben |
Ali |
1725 |
Allamand, .F. X & |
7l»» |
|
|
Abney, W. de W. |
1876 |
Allan, T. . |
s i :. |
|||
|
Acland, H. W. D. |
1847 |
Allen, E. . |
JM |
|||
|
Acland, T. D. |
1839 |
Allen, J. |
. |
|||
|
Adair, J. |
1688 |
Allen, T. |
||||
|
Adair, J. |
1788 |
Allen, W. . |
. 1807 |
|||
|
Adair, 'R. A. S. |
1845 |
Allen, VV. . |
1H41 |
|||
|
Adam, R. . |
1761 |
Allerton, Lord (see Jackson. W. L.). |
||||
|
Adami, J. G. . |
1905 |
Alleyn, J. . |
. 1663 |
|||
|
Adams, A. L. |
1872 |
Alleyne, J. . |
. 177'i |
|||
|
Adams, F. D. |
1907 |
Allioni, C. . |
. 1758 |
|||
|
Adams, J. C. . |
1849 |
Allix, W. . |
1763 |
|||
|
Adams, W. G. |
1872 |
Allman, G. J. |
. 1864 |
|||
|
Adanson, M. . |
1761 |
Allman, G. J. |
. 1884 |
|||
|
Adare, Viscount |
1834 |
Almeyda, T. de |
. 1768 |
|||
|
Addison, W. . |
1846 |
Alruz,J.W. . |
. |
|||
|
Adee, S. |
1744 |
Alstroemer, J. |
177> |
|||
|
Adye, J. W. . Afzelius, A. . |
1774 1798 |
Al thorp, George, Viscount . . 1780 Althorp, John, Viscount . . . 1830 |
||||
|
Aga, C. A. . |
1728 |
Alvanley, B. (see Ardcn. R. P.). |
||||
|
Agar, G. C. . |
1832 |
Alverstone, Lord |
- . |
|||
|
Agar, W. E. . |
1781 |
Amagat, E. H. |
. 1K97 |
|||
|
Agassiz, A. |
1891 |
Ames, J. |
. 1743 |
|||
|
Agassiz, J. L. R. |
1838 |
Amiens, Lord |
1777 |
|||
|
Aglionby, W. |
1667 Amman, J. . |
. |
||||
|
. 1*C?7 |
||||||
|
Agricola, G. A. Ahlers, C. . |
1726 Amyand, C. . |
. I7I«. |
||||
|
Ailsa, Marq. of (see Airy, G. B. . |
Oassil |
is,Ea |
rlof) |
Amyot, T. . 1836 Anderdon. .1. I' |
1 - ; Ml |
|
|
Aitchison, J. E. T. |
1883 Anderson. H. K |
. l'."'7 |
||||
|
Aitken, J. . |
1889 |
Anderson, J. . |
. 1769 |
|||
|
Aitken, W. . |
1873 |
Anderson, J. . |
. 1K7» |
|||
|
Akenside, M. |
1753 |
Anderson, W. |
- '1 |
|||
|
Aland, J. F. . |
1711 |
Andrade, A. F. •!< |
||||
|
Albemarle, Duke of Albert, Prince Consort Albert Edward, Prince o |
f Wai |
es |
1664 1840 1863 |
Andrew, J. . Andrews, C. W. Andrews, J. . |
, 1906 . |
Ff
434
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Andrews, T. ..... |
1849 |
Atwell, J |
1728 |
|
Andrews, T |
1888 |
Atwood, G. . |
1776 |
|
Anglesey, Earl of . |
1668 |
Aubert, A |
1772 |
|
Angstrom, A. J. |
1870 |
Aubrey (see Awbrey). |
|
|
Anguish, T |
1766 |
Auckland, Baron (see Eden, W.). |
|
|
Anker B .... |
1782 |
Audubon, J. J. |
1830 |
|
Anker, C |
1804 |
Auldjo, J |
1840 |
|
Annesley, — . |
1704 |
Auriol, J. P |
1808 |
|
Annesley, J |
1840 |
Aust, G |
1797 |
|
Annesley, Lord .... |
1663 |
Austen, J. . |
1663 |
|
Ansell, C |
1834 |
Austen, R. A. C |
1849 |
|
Anson, G |
1745 |
Austria, Archduke John of . |
1816 |
|
Anson, T. . . . |
1730 |
Austria, Archduke Louis of |
1816 |
|
Anspach und Bayreuth, Margraf von |
1780 |
Austria, Archduke Maximilian of |
1819 |
|
Ansted, D. T |
1844 |
Auwers, A. . |
1879 |
|
Antrobus, E. |
1801 |
Auzout, A |
1666 |
|
Apjohn, J. . |
1853 |
Avebury, Lord (see Lubbock, J.). |
|
|
Appold, J. G |
1853 |
1 Averani, G |
1712 |
|
Arago, F. J. D |
1818 |
Awbrey, J. . |
1663 |
|
Arbuthnot, J |
1704 |
Aylesbury, Earl of (see Bruce, Lord). |
|
|
Arbuthnot, J |
1770 |
Aylesford, Earl of (see Guernsey, |
|
|
Archer, W |
1875 |
Lord). |
|
|
Archibald, C. D |
1840 |
Ayloffe, J |
1731 |
|
Arden, C. G |
1786 |
Ayres, C. N |
1708 |
|
Arden, R. P |
1788 |
Ayres, T |
1707 |
|
Arderne, J. . |
1668 |
Ayrton, W |
1837 |
|
Arderon, W |
1745 |
Ayrton WE . . . |
1881 |
|
1703 |
|||
|
Argelander, F. W. A. ... |
1846 |
||
|
Argyle, Archibald, Earl of |
1663 |
||
|
Argyll, George, Duke of . |
1851 |
Babbage, C |
1816 |
|
a Ripa, L. ... |
1718 |
Baber.H. H |
1816 |
|
a Ripa, L. . ... |
1733 |
Babington, B. G |
1828 |
|
Armstrong, A. ... |
1873 |
Babington, C. C. . |
1851 |
|
Armstrong, H. E. . . . |
1876 |
1805 |
|
|
Armstrong, J. ... |
1723 |
Bache, A. D |
1860 |
|
Armstrong, R. Y. |
1892 |
Back,G |
1847 |
|
Armstrong, W. G. |
1846 |
Backlund, J. O. . |
1911 |
|
Arnold, J. H. |
1806 |
Bacon, J. ..... |
1750 |
|
Arnold, J. 0. ... |
1912 |
Bacon, T. S |
1721 |
|
Arnott, J. M. |
1843 |
Bacon, V |
1732 |
|
Arnott, N. . ... |
1838 |
Baden-Dourlach, C. F. . |
1747 |
|
Arrhenius, S. A. |
1910 |
Badham, C |
1818 |
|
Arthington, C. ... |
1701 |
Baer, C. E. von .... |
1854 |
|
Arundel, R. . ... |
1740 |
Baeyer, A |
1885 |
|
Ascanius, P. . ... |
1755 |
Bagenall, N |
1664 |
|
Ash, E. . . |
1801 |
Baglivi, G |
1698 |
|
Ash,J.. . . |
1787 |
Bagnall,J |
1774 |
|
Ashburton, Lord |
1854 |
Bailey, A |
1683 |
|
Ashby, S. . ... |
1756 |
Baillie, D |
1836 |
|
Ashe, St. G. . ... |
1685 |
Baillie, J |
1817 |
|
Ashe.W.W. . |
1748 |
Baillie, M |
1790 |
|
Ashley, Lord |
1663 |
Baillon, H. E |
1894 |
|
Ashmole, E. . ... |
1663 |
Baillou, Chevalier de |
1749 |
|
Askew, A. ... |
1749 |
Baily, E. H |
1842 |
|
Asquith, H. H. |
1908 |
Baily,F |
1821 |
|
Assemanni, S. E. |
1737 |
Baird, A |
1828 |
|
Astle, E. ... |
1808 |
Baird,A.W |
1885 |
|
Astlc.T. . . |
1766 |
Baird, W |
1867 |
|
M. F. ... |
1678 |
Baker, B |
1890 |
|
Afcherley, D. F. ... |
1841 |
Baker, F |
1811 |
|
Atholl, Duke of |
1780 |
Baker, G |
1762 |
|
Atkvns. H. . |
1664 |
Baker, H |
1740 |
|
Attf'icld.J. . . |
1880 |
Baker, H. B |
1902 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol I I.I.I o\\ s
|
Baker, H. F. . Baker, J. |
Is'.is Islo 1878 1771 1868 hist I7l_' 1676 1760 1719 1888 1878 1SS4 is,™ 1808 1st is I (><;:{ 1873 lss-J 1889 1708 1663 1801 1731 1767 1909 1847 1718 1773 1845 1736 1822 1668 1730 1766 1781 1750 1852 1910 1717 1849 1841 1860 1839 1731 1775 1912 1864 1834 1823 1845 1819 1909 1908 1850 1828 1790 1783 1909 1911 1710 1765 1809 F |
Barnwell. i Karrrtt. K. . Barrett, W.F. B*rn-ttu..I. . BarrinKton. I). Harrington, T. Barrow, I. . Barrow, J. . Barrow, .) Barrowby. \\ ' Barry, D. Barry, E. Barry, J.W.. Barry. M. . Bart Men •Barton, P." . Basevi, C Basing, Lord (see Sclater. Booth. G.). Basnage de Beauva), J. . Bassand, J. B. Basset, A. B. Barter, J. Bastian, li Bate,C.S Bate, G Bateman, J. . Bateman, .1. F. Bateman, Viscount Bates, H. W. Bates, T Bateson, W |
iiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiuisliiis |
|
Baker, J. G. . Baker, J. W. . Baker, S. \V. . Baker, T. |
|||
|
Baldini, G. A. |
|||
|
Baldwin, C. A. Baldwin, R. . Bale,C. |
|||
|
Balfour, A. J. |
|||
|
Balfour, F. M. |
|||
|
Balfour, I. B. Balfour, J. H. Balfour, T. G. |
|||
|
Ball, J. |
|||
|
Ball, P. |
|||
|
Ball, R. S. . Ball, V. Ballard, E. . Balle, R. . Balle, W Balme, E. |
|||
|
Baltimore, Charles, Lord Baltimore, Frederick, Lord Baly, E. C. C. |
|||
|
Baly, W |
|||
|
Bamber, J. . Bancroft, E |
|||
|
Bandon, Earl of . Bankes, R Bankes, W.J Banks, J Banks, J Banks, J Barbiano and Belgiojoso, Count of . Barboza, J. M. S Barclay, A. K Barclay, J. R. (see Robertson, J.). Barcroft, J. . Barham, H. . Baring, F. T Baring, T Baring, T Barker, G Barker, R Barker, R Barkla, C. G Barkly, H Barlow, J Barlow, P Barlow P W |
|||
|
Bath, Earl of |
|||
|
Bath and Wells, Bp. of (see MOM, C.). Bather, F. A. Bathuret, B Bathurst, R Batt.J.T Batten, J. H Battie, W Battine,W Batty, R Bauer, F Bauza F ... |
1908 M8J ITU lil6 1741 17-7 L86J MM KStt 1888 ISM I7A5 I74J 177.. 1888 180 177.1 1803 M U6J 1781 Ufl 1881 KM vm |
||
|
Bavaria, Elector Palatine- - Bavaria, Elector Palatine of . Baxendell J ... |
|||
|
Bayardi O A |
|||
|
Bayes, T. Bayford, D Baylay,W.F Bayley, J Bayley, T. B Bayliss. W. M |
|||
|
Barlow, R Barlow, T Barlow, W Barlow W H |
|||
|
Beaconafield, Earl of (see Disraeli B.). Seal, J Beale,J Beale.L.8. . Beamish, N.I. ... Beamish. R Beard, R £2 |
|||
|
Barnard, T Barnes, E. W Barnes, H. T Barnes, J. Bar ne wall, M. Barnwell, C. F |
436
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Beatty.W. . ... 1818 |
Bergius, P. J. |
. 1770 |
|
|
Beauclerk, Lord |
. 1809 |
Bergman, T. O. |
. 1765 |
|
Beauclerk, T. |
. 1770 |
Beringhen, T. von . |
. 1667 |
|
Beaufain, H. B. cle |
. 1730 |
Berkeley, C |
. 1667 |
|
Beaufort, F. . |
. 1814 |
Berkeley, Earl of . |
. 1908 |
|
Beaufort, L. de |
. 1746 |
Berkeley, Lord |
. 1663 |
|
Beaufoy, H. . |
. 1782 |
Berkeley, M. |
. 1667 |
|
Beaufoy, H. . |
. 1815 |
Berkeley, M. J. |
. 1879 |
|
Beaufoy, M. . |
. 1790 |
Bernard, C |
. 1696 |
|
Beaumont, E. B. |
. 1835 |
Bernard, C |
. 1864 |
|
Beaumont, E. de |
. 1835 |
Bernard, E. ... |
. 1673 |
|
Beaumont, J. |
. 1685 |
Bernard, H |
. 1738 |
|
Beaumont, J. B. J |
Eliede . . 1765 |
Bernard, J |
. 1760 |
|
Beaumont, R. |
. 1684 |
Bernard, J. P. |
. 1737 |
|
Beauvoir, O . |
. 1785 |
Bernoulli, D. |
. 1750 |
|
Beccari, J. B. |
. 1728 |
Bernoulli, J. . |
. 1712 |
|
Beccaria, G. B. |
. 1755 |
Bernoulli, N. |
. 1713 |
|
Beck,T.S. . |
. 1851 |
Berthelot, M. ... |
. 1877 |
|
Becker, B. . |
. 1698 |
Berthollet, C. L. . |
. 1789 |
|
Beckett, J. . |
. 1816 |
Berthoud, F. |
. 1764 |
|
Beckett, W. . |
. 1718 |
Bertier, J. E. |
. 1768 |
|
Beckles, S. H. |
. 1859 |
Bertrand, J. L. F. . |
. 1875 |
|
Becquerel, A. C. |
. 1837 |
Berzelius, J. J. |
. 1813 |
|
Becquerel, A. E. |
. 1888 |
Besant, W. H. |
. 1871 |
|
Becquerel, A. H. |
. 1908 |
Bessel, F. W. |
. 1825 |
|
Beddard, F. E. |
. 1892 |
Bessemer, H. |
. 1879 |
|
Beddoe, J. . |
. 1873 |
Best, G |
. 1791 |
|
Bedford, Duke of |
. 1741 |
Betham, A. W. |
. 1835 |
|
Bedford, Duke of |
. 1908 |
Betham, W |
. 1828 |
|
Bedford, W. . |
. 1745 |
Bethune, J. . |
. 1773 |
|
Beechey, F. W. |
. 1824 |
Beuninghen, C. van |
. 1682 |
|
Beighton, H. |
. 1720 |
Bevan, S |
. 1725 |
|
Beilby, G. T. . |
. 1906 |
Beverly, C. J. |
. 1831 |
|
Bel, M. (see Belius |
M.). |
Bevis, J |
. 1765 |
|
Belchier, J. . |
. 1732 |
Bexley, Lord (see Vansittart, N.). |
|
|
Belidor, B. F. de |
. 1726 |
Bianchi, V |
1710 |
|
Belius, M. . |
. 1738 |
Bianchini, F. |
. 1712 |
|
Bell, C. |
. 1826 |
Bicheno, J. E. |
. 1827 |
|
Bell, G. |
. 1749 |
Bickersteth, R. |
. 1858 |
|
Bell, I. L. . |
. 1874 |
Bickerton, R. H. . |
. 1810 |
|
Bell, J. |
. 1824 |
Bicknell, J. L. |
. 1821 |
|
Bell, J. |
. 1884 |
Bidloo, G |
. 1696 |
|
Bell, R. |
. 1897 |
Bidwell, S |
. 1886 |
|
Bell, T. |
. 1828 |
Biggin, G |
. 1802 |
|
Bellamy, J. W. |
. 1834 |
Bignon, J. P. |
. 1734 |
|
Sellers, F. . |
. 1711 |
Bigsby, J. J |
. 1869 |
|
Sellers, J. . |
. 1718 |
Bigsby, R |
. 1837 |
|
Bellin, J. N. . |
. 1753 |
Billers,W |
. 1726 |
|
Belluga, B. de |
1780 |
Billing, A |
. 1844 |
|
Belper, Edward, Lord . . . 1860 |
Bingley, R |
. 1809 |
|
|
Bel ward (see Fisher, R.). |
Binney, E. W. |
. 1856 |
|
|
Beneden, P. J. van . . .1875 |
Biot, J. B |
. 1815 |
|
|
Benham, W. B. S 1907 |
Birch, A. . |
. 1673 |
|
|
Bennet, A. .... 1789 |
Birch, T. . |
. 1734 |
|
|
B.-nnrt. If. G 1812 |
Bird, G |
. 1846 |
|
|
Brnnrt. R. If. A 1767 |
Birkenhead, J. |
. 1663 |
|
|
BennHt..J..I 1841 |
Bischoff, T. L. W. . |
. 1868 |
|
|
f'x-nnett, J. R 1875 |
Bishop G. |
1848 |
|
|
Bent ham, G 1862 |
Bishop, J. |
'. 1844 |
|
|
Benfinck, .1 1765 |
Bisse, P |
. 1705 |
|
|
B«-ntinfk. \V 1731 |
Bisshopp, C. . |
. 1791 |
|
|
nick. \V 1787 |
Blackburne, J. |
. 1794 |
|
|
Bmtlrv. R I <•>!».-> |
Blackhurne. S. |
. 1681 |
|
|
Bantf ord-Hope, A* J. B. . . 1880 |
Blackburne, T. |
. 1781 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF 1 \\ S
m
Blackford, B. P 1815
Blackman, F.F I'.MH;
Blackman, J Is-JT
Black well, J 1<>9'2
Blacow, R 1764
Blagden, C i
Blainville, H. M. D. de ... 1832
Blair, A L799
Blair, J 1765
Blair, P 171-J
Blake, B 1830
Blake, F 1746
Blake, H. W 1843
Blake, W 1807
Blake, W. J 1831
Blakistone, P 1841
Bland, M 1816
Bland, M 1821
Blane, G 1784
Blane, W 1795
Blanford, H. F. .... 1880
Blanford, W. T 1874
Blanshard, R 1827
Blanshard,W 1759
Blaquiere, Lord de . . . . 1803
Blaquiere, W 1805
Bligh, W 1801
Bliss, N 1742
Blizard, T 1803
Blizard,W 1787
Blore, E 1841
Blount,T 1664
Blumenbach, J. F 1793
Blyke, R 1773
Blythswood, Lord .... 1907
Boase,S. H 1837
Bode,J.E 1789
Boerhaave,H 1730
Boffrand, G 1744
Bogdani,W 1729
Bohadsch,J. B 1762
Boileau, J. P 1843
Boileau, J. T 1840
Bold, P. P. .
Boltzmann, L
Bon, F. Xavier . . . .1738
Bond,P
Bone, W. A
Bonet, L. F
Bon-Figliolo, S. .
Bonner,J.G. , . • 1840
Bonnet, C '• 743
Bonney,T.G
Boole, G.
Booth, B. . . .
Booth, C
Booth, F
Booth, J
Boothe,P
Bootle, R
Bootle,R.W
Borghese, M
Boringdon, Lord . •
Boringdon, Lord (see Parker, J.).
BorlMe, 0. 8. Borlue.W. .
Bornrman. .1. I'
BoriH-t. .1. B. K
liorrvr. W
BoMoqnrt, B. B<MM>qoet,R. II Bounquot, 8. BoBOovich, R. .J . Bone.ti.M. . Boatock, .1 Boeville. W. . Bwworth. .1. BoUi.-M. I: Botfield,T. . Bottomley, J. T. Bottoni, 1). . Bougainville, I.
Boughey, J. F
Boughton, C. W. H. Boughton, W. I '
Bouguer, P
Bouillon. «!ur do (nee D'Auvergn*. P.). Boulenger, G. A. .
Boultdn, M
Bourdelin, C. .
Bourne, A. G
Bourne, G. C. Bourne, W. 8. Bournon, J. L. de Bouvard, A. . Bouverie, E. P. . Bovey, H. T.
Bovill.W
Bowditeh, N.
Bowdler, T
Bowdoin, J. . Bowen,C.S.C. .
Bower, F. O
Bower, T. Bowerbank, J. S. .
Bowes, M
Bowman, W. Bowman, W. Bowring, J. .
Boxer, E. M
Boyce, R. . Boyer, J. B. .
Boyle, C
Boyle, Richard .
Boyle, Robert
Boylstone, Z.
Boy8,C.V. ..-
Boze,C. G. de
Braddon, L. .
Bradford, J. R. .
Bradley, J. . . .
Bradley, R. .
Brady, H. B
Brady, G. S. .
Braganza, Joano, Duqoe d« •
Bragg, W. H.
Braithwaitc. D. .
Brakenridge,W. .
vm
17.V
MH
1747
ITtt I7H
1788 18tt
1814
1§M I7H
IT.'J
law
MH 1802
im
1MI 1W2 1M7 1811 ITU 17M MM Wl
ITU
UN 1858 1908 1740
1881 1088 1798 I8H
171"
M8I I8M
ran
im
1781
438
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Bramwell, F.J 1873
Bramwell, G. W. W. . . . 1882
Brand, T. . ... 1756
Brande, W. T. . . . 1809
Brander.G. . ... 1754
Brandis,D. . ... 1875
Brandreth, H. R. . . . 1841
Brandreth, T. S. . . . 1821
Brattle, W. . ... 1713
Brayley, E. W. . . . 1854
Brazil, Emperor of . . .1871
Breadalbane, Earl of . . . 1784
Breadalbane, Marquess of . . 1834
Bree, R 1808
Bregentved, Count of (see Moltke,
A. G.). Bremond, F. de . . . .1740
Brereton, O. S 1762
Brereton, W 1663
Brewster, D 1815
Breynius, J. P. ... 1703
Brian9on, comte de 1706
Bridge, B 1812
Bridge, T. W 1903
Bridgeman, 0 1696
Bridgeman,W 1679
Bridgen, E 1777
Bridges, B 1726
Bridges, J 1708
Bridgewater, Earl of ... 1808
Bridgman, W 1821
Briggs, J 1838
Briggs, R 1693
Bright, R 1821
Brigstocke, 0 1710
Brinkley, J 1803
Brinton, W 1864
Brisbane, T. M 1810
Bristol, Earl of .... 1782
Bristol, Earl of .... 1805
Bristow,H.W 1862
Bristow, W 1742
Bristowe, J. S 1881
Broadbent, W. H 1897
Brockedon, W 1834
Brocklesby, R 1746
Broderip, C 1816
Broderip, W. J 1828
Brodie, B. C 1810
Brodie, B. C 1849
Brodie, J 1797
Brodie, T. G 1904
Brogger, W. C 1902
Bromfield, R 1779
Bromfield,T 1713
Bromhead, E. F 1817
Bromwich, T. J. I' A. . . . 1906
Brongniart, A 1825
Brongniart, A. T 1852
Brook, J 1663
Brooke, A. B. de C. . . . 1823
Brooke, C 1847
Brooke, de Capell (see Supple, R. B.).
Brooke, H. J. . . 1819
Brooke, J. . ... 1819 Brooke, W (see O'Shaughnessy).
Brookes, J 1819
Brookesbank, J 1751
Brougham, P. H. . . . 1803 Broughton, Lord (see Hobhouse, J. C.).
Broughton, R. E 1842
Broughton, S. D 1830
Broun, J. A 1853
Brouncker, Viscount . . . 1663
Broussonet, P. M. A. . . . 1782
Brown, A. C 1879
Brown, A. J 1911
Brown, E 1667
Brown, E. W 1898
Brown, H. T 1889
Brown, J 1902
"Brown, L 1729
Brown, N 1826
Brown, R 1811
Brown, W 1777
Browne, H 1797
Browne, I. H 1749
Browne, I. H 1770
Browne, J 1721
Browne, J. C 1883
Browne, T 1699
Browne, W 1738
Brownlow, Earl (see Cust, J.).
Brownlow, Lord .... 1738
Brownrigg, W. .... 1742
Brown-Sequard, E. . . . 1860
Bruce, D 1663
Bruce, D 1899
Bruce, J 1776
Bruce, J 1791
Bruce, J. L. K. (see Knight, J. L.).
Bruce, Lord 1663
Bruhl, J. M 1765
Brunei, I. K 1830
Brunei, M.I 1814
Bruni, G. L 1743
Brunswick, Duke of . . . 1664
Brunswick, Prince of ... 1764
Brunton, T. L 1874
Bryan, G. H 1895
Bryce, J 1893
Brydges, J 1694
Brydone, P 1773
Bryson, A 1854
Buccleuch, Duke of . . .1833 Buccleugh, Duke of (see Dalkeith,
Earl of).
Buch, L. von .... 1828
Buchan, A. . . . 1898 Buchan, Earls of (see under Cardross).
Buchanan, F 1806
Buchanan, G 1882
Buchanan, J. Y 1887
Buchner, A. E 1763
Buckingham, Duke of . . . 1663
Buckinghamshire, Earl of . . 1785
Buckland, W 1818
Bucknill, J. C 1866
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FKLLOUS
|
Buckton, G. B. Budd, G. . |
1857 !s-u; |
c <•at.l~.ll D H |
|||
|
Budd, W. . Buffon, G. L. L. . Bugge, T. . Buissiere, P. . Buist, G. Bulgaris, E. . Bulkeley, R. Buller, W. L. Bullialdus, I. Bunbury, C. J. F. . Bunsen, R. W. Burbury, S. H. Burch, G. J. Burge, W. . Burgess, T. . Burgoyne, J. F. Burlington, Earl of Burman, E. . |
1671 1766 I7K.H 1666 1616 I7ss 1660 1879 1667 1851 IH.-.S 1890 1900 1840 1x07 17-2-2 1728 |
UMHMU, B. B. CMfeU.W.A. Qslfcrvood.'* CaldwelU. . Callendar, H 1 Callender. G. W. . Calver, K Calvert, B. L. |
m 1711 i 1 Wm !-.:_• 1*31 1640 I7M 1766 I-JI ITT', I6M 1691 |
||
|
Burnes, A. . Burnes, J. . Burnet (Burnett), G. Burnet, G. . |
1834 1S.T) 1723 |
Calvert, 1 Camac, W. . Camden, Earl (see Pratt. < Cameron. .). . |
i - • \m !-• - |
||
|
Burnet, J. |
1837 |
Campbell, C. . |
1" Kl |
||
|
Burnet, T. . Burnet, W. . |
1838 1705 |
Campbell, F. (Lord) Campbell. < |
17"-! 1166 |
||
|
Burnett, T. . Burnett, W. . |
1748 1833 |
Campbell. H Campbell, J. . |
174, 171* |
||
|
Burney, C. |
1773 |
Campbell, J |
|||
|
Burney, C. . |
1802 |
Campbell, J. . |
1766 |
||
|
Burney, C. P. Burney, J. Burns, J. Burnside, W. Burrard, S. G. Burrell, P. . Burroughs, W. |
1814 1809 1830 1893 1904 1752 1817 |
Campbell, J. . Campbell, J.( Lord) Campbell, J. E. . Campbell-Johnston (see Johnston, A. R.). Camper,?. . ... Camus, C. fi. L. |
M6 1666 1730 r-.j |
||
|
Burrow, E. J. Burrow, J. . Burrow, R. . Burrows, G. . Burt, T. S. . Burton, D. . Burton, E. . Bury, E. Bury, T. Burzynski, T. J. . Busby, J. |
1818 1737 1762 1847 1836 1832 1836 1844 1718 1769 1719 1758 |
Canning, G. . Canning, G. . ... Cannizzaro, S. Canterbury, Abp.of (see Howley, W.). Canterbury, Abp.of (seeSheldon. G.). Canterbury, Abp.of (seeSumner Canterbury, Abp. of (see Tait, A Canterbury, Abp. of (see TQIot- son, J.). Canton, J Cantwell, A Canvane P . |
ism 1886 1666 1749 H66 1961 |
||
|
Busk, G. Bute, Marquess of . Bute, Marquess of . |
1850 1799 1818 1819 |
Cape.J Capeller, M. A. de . Capello.P. A Capper R |
Is'.J I7J, 1>7 |
||
|
Butler, S. . "Rnff T TIT |
1822 17B7 |
Caraccioli. D. Carafa G |
1765 I7A6 |
||
|
1822 |
Caramanioo, Prince « |
1761 |
|||
|
Buxton, G. . |
1779 17APJ |
Carbery, Earl of (see Vaughan. Lord). |
17.-- |
||
|
Buys, W. Byng,G.S. . Byrd W |
1841 1696 |
Carburi, G. B. Card. H. |
IT./, |
||
|
Byrom, J. . |
1723 1816 |
Cardigan, Earl of Cardroas, Lord |
l.n 1763 |
||
|
Bysshe, E. . |
1663 |
Cardross, Lord |
1760 |
440
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Cardwell,E 1873
Carkes8,J 1663
Carleton, R 1826
Curlini, F 1832
Carlisle, A 1804
Carlisle, Bp. of (see Douglas, J.). Carlisle, Bp. of (see Goodenough, S.). Carlisle, Bp. of (see Nicolson, W.).
Carlisle, Earl of .... 1665
Carlisle, N 1814
Carmarthen, Marquess of . . 1773
Carnac, J 1772
Carnac, J. R 1838
Carnarvon, Earl of . . . . 1841
Carnarvon, Earl of . . . . 1875
Carne,J 1818
Carnegie, D 1799
Carpenter, G 1729
Carpenter, P. H 1885
Carpenter, W. B 1844
Carpue,J.C 1817
Carr, R. J 1831
Carr,T.W 1815
Carr,W 1727
Carr,W. H 1806
Carrington, C. E 1800
Carrington, Lord .... 1800
Carrington, Lord .... 1839
Carrington, R. C 1860
Carruthers, W 1871
Carson, J 1837
Carstairs, J 1811
Carter, H. J 1859
Carteret,P 1664
Cartwright, — .... 1716
Cartwright, E 1821
Cartwright, S 1841
Carvalho e Mello, S. J. de . . 1740
Cary, W 1727
Carysfort, Earl of .... 1779
Casaux, marquis de 1780
Casey, J 1875
Cash, J. T 1887
Cashel, Abp. of (see Nicolson, W.).
Cassano, Prince de . . . . 1722 Cassillis, Earl of . . . .1819
Cassini,J 1697
Cassini, J. D 1672
Cassini,J. D 1789
Cassini de Thury, C. F. . . .1750
Castell, E 1673
Castell, L. B 1730
Castiglione, G. S. da . . 1745
Castle, G 1668
Castlecomer, Viscount . . . 1754
Castlemain, Viscount . . . 1746
Castlereagh, Viscount . . . 1802
Castro-Sarmento, J. de . . . 1729
Catesby.M 1733
Catton, T 1821
Cauchy, A. L 1832
raulfeild, W. T 1778
iont, J. deS 1740
Caumont, R. . 1754
Cautley, P. T 1846
Cavallo, T 1779
Cave, T 1778
Cavendish, H 1760
Cavendish, Lord . . . .1663
Cavendish, Lord C. . . . 1727 Cavendish. Lord J. . . .1719
Cavendish, W 1829
Caverhill, J 1769
Cawdor, Lord (see Campbell, J.).
Cayley,A 1852
Celesia, P 1757
Celsius, A 1735
Cerati, G 1735
Cervi,J 1736
Chabert, Marquis de . .1764
Chadwick, — .... 1696
Challis,J 1848
Chalmers, G 1791
Chaloner, R. . . . . . 1811
Chamberlain, J 1882
Chamberlayne, E 1668
Chamberlayne, J 1702
Chamberlen, H. . . . . 1681
Chambers, C 1869
Chambers, E 1729
Chambers, W 1776
Chambers, W.F 1828
Chamier,A 1767
Chandler, G 1833
Chandler, J 1734
Chandler, S 1754
Chandos, Duke of (see Brydges, J.). Chanteloup, comte de (see Chaptal, J. A.).
Chantrey, F 1818
Chapelle, J. B. de la . . .1747
Chapman, J. J 1836
Chapman, S. R 1816
Chapman, T 1842
Chappelow, L 1792
Chaptal, J. A 1825
Chardellou,J 1702
Chardin,J 1682
Charlemont, Viscount . . . 1755 Charleville, Viscount . . .1803
Charles II, King . . . 1664 Charles, Prince of Brunswick . .1764
Charleton,R 1748
Charlton, W 1663
Chase, S 1724
Chasles,M 1854
Chatham, Earl of (see Pitt, W.).
Chattaway, F. D 1907
Chaulnes, due de (see Picquigny).
Chaumette, L. A. de la . . . 1826
Chauncy, C 1740
Chauveau, J. B. A 1889
Chelmsfprd, Lord (see Thesiger, F.).
Chenevix,R 1801
Cherson, Abp. of (see Bulgaris, E.).
Cheselden, W 1711
Chesney, F. R 1834
Chester, Bp. of (see Law, G. H.).
ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol FELLOWS HI
Chester, Bp. of (see Pearson, J.). Chester, Bp. of (see Sparke, B. E.). Chester, Bp. of (see Wilkins, -I.). Chesterfield, Earl of ... Chesterfield, Earl of ...
Cheston, R. B
Chetwode,J
Chetwynd, W
Chevalier, J
Chevalier, T
Chevreul, M. E
Cheyne, G
Cheyne, W. W
Chichester, Bp. of (see Carr, R. J.). Chichester, Earl of (see Pelham, T.).
Childers, H. C. E
Children, J. G
Chisholm, C
Cholmondeley, Earl of (see New- borough, Lord).
Chree,C
Christie, J. R
Christie, S.H
Christie, W. H. M
Christian VII, King of Denmark
Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark
Christmas, H.
Church, A. H
Churchill, Lord ....
Churchill, Lord .
Churchill, W
Chute, F
Cigna, G. F
Clairaut,A. C
Clanricarde, Earl of ...
Clare, M
Clarence, Duke of .
Clarendon, Earl of.
Clarendon, Earl of.
Clark, A
Clark, F.LeG
Clark, J
Clark, J
Clark, L
Clark, W
Clarke, A. R.
Clarke, C. B
Clarke, C. M
Clarke, G. S
Clarke, J. L. .
Clarke, J. S
Clarke, L. L
Clarke, S
Clarke, S
Clarke, T
Clarke, T
Clarke, W. B.
Clarke, W. S
Clarke, W. T.
Claudet, A. J. F
Clausius, R. J. E. .
Clavell.W
Clavering, D. C. Clayton, J. .
1706
ITTf, I7M 1776 1677 17:. 4 1819 1826 1701
1807
1XOS
1897
1847
1826
1881
1768
1822
1842
1888
1818
1832
1664
1742
1764
1737
1753
1735
1827
1664
1684
1885
1872
1799
1832
1889
1836
1862
1882
I s-jr,
1896
1854
1792
1820
1728
1735
1663
1754
1876
1821
1837
1853
1868
1704
1824
1663
Clayton. R
Clayton. R. CWand.J flenchr, A.
"» '
Clerk. l>
..-, F. H. 8.
ciiir..i.l.\\ K CUbfd-Afflmti ciitt.W. Clifton. C. . ( 'lifton, F. . T,, M. \V. Clifton. K.B. Clinr. H. . . .
Clive,Lord .
Clogher, Bp. of (see Ache, St. G., «od
Clayton, 1
Clonfert. Bp. of (nee LAW. Cloyne, Bp. of (see Brtnkle\ Clutterbuck, T. . ( 'liiverus, D. . Cobbold,T.S. Cocchi,A .....
Cock,G ......
Cockayne, L. ....
Cockburn, G .....
Cockburn, W .....
Cockle, J ......
Cocks, J.
Cocks, R ......
Cockshutt. .1 .....
Coddington, H .....
Codrington, E .....
Cohen, F ......
Cohen, J. B .....
Cohn,F.
Colby, T. .
Colchester, Baron (see Abbot, C.).
Cole, Viscount .
Colebrooke, H. T .....
Colebrooke, J.
Colebrooke, J. E .....
Coleman, A. P .....
( 'nil-Ill. i II. E ......
Colenso, W. .
Colepeper (Collepepyr). T. .
Coleraine, Lonl
Coleridge, Lord
Collet, P. .
Colleton.P. .
Collie, J.N ......
Collier, C .....
Collignon, C. . Collingwood, G. L, X. Collins..!. • •
Collinson, P ......
.-•
!- |
!..-.
I • -
i •
M .
1667 1797
MM
1-. • :
MM
i. H
i •• • ,
MM MM MM
ma
17M
IMI
i*ji Ittll IMI MM
MM MM
MH IMI MH IMS 16M I1M
1711 l«77 MM 1810
I77-.
IMf
HM
442
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Colquhoun, J. N Colson J Colvile.J. \V Colwull. D r.,lwall,D C,.hvall,J Combe, C Combe, T Common, A. A Comyn, J Conduitt, J Congreve,W
1830 1713 1875 1663 1676 1668 1776 1807 1885 1760 1718 1811
Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of 1906
Connell, A ...... 1855
Connor, B ...... 1695
Connor, Bp. of Down and (see
Smith, E.).
Conolly, A ...... 1839
Conolly, V ...... 1804
Conroy, J ...... 1891
Consort, the Prince . . .1840
Constable, W ..... 1775
Conti, A. de' ..... 1715
Con way, Lord .... 1667
Conybeare, W. D ..... 1819
Cook, J ...... 1776
Cook, T ...... 1840
Cooke, B ...... 1735
Cooke, E. W ..... 1863
Cooke, J ...... 1821
Cooksey, J ...... 1754
Cooper, A. P ..... 1802
Cooper, B. B ..... 1829
Cooper, C. P ..... 1832
Cooper, E.J ..... 1853
Cooper, J. H ..... 1819
Cooper, S ...... 1846
Cooper, W ...... 1776
Cope,J.M ...... 1765
Copeland, T ...... 1834
Copeman, S. A. M ..... 1903
Copland, J ...... 1833
Copley, G ...... 1691
Copley, J. S ...... 1826
Copping, J ...... 1740
Copplestone, J ..... 1666
Corbaux, F ...... 1834
Corbet, R ...... 1665
Cork, Bp. of (see Clayton, R.).
Cork and Orrery, Earl of . . .1746
Cork and Ross, Bp. of (see Weten-
hall, E.).
Cornaro, F ...... 1708
Cornish. S ...... 1748
f'nrnn. A ...... 1884
Correa «!«• S.-HM. .1 ..... 1795
<'orrir, .J ...... 1820
Oony, 1 ...... 1811
Coste, P ...... 1742
Cotes, R ...... 1711
Cotes worth. (' ..... 1718
Cotterill..!. H ..... 1878
Cotton, E ...... 1663
Cotton, J. . . 1810
Cotton, R, S 1774
Cotton, W 1821
Courland, Duke of . . . .1771
Courthope, P 1668
Coutinho, L. P. de Sousa . . . 1787 Coutinho, M. A. de A. . . .1736
Cowell,P. H 1906
Cowley, J. L 1768
Cowper, Earl . . . .1732 Cowper, Earl . . . .1777 Cowper, Earl . . . .1809
Cowper, W 1698
Cowper, W 1706
Cox, W.S 1836
Coxe,D 1664
Coxe, T. (M.D.) .... 1663
Coxe, T 1663
Coxe, W 1782
Coyer, F. G 1766
Cracherode, C. M 1785
Craig, J 1711
Cramer, G 1748
Crampton, P 1812
Crathorne, H 1795
Craufurd, P. G 1774
Crawford, A 1786
Crawford, Earl of .... 1732
Crawford, J 1818
Crawford and Balcarres, Earl of (see
Lindsay, Lord).
Crawford and Lyndsay, Earl of . 1663
Crawys,S. . ' . . . 1718
Cray, J 1730
Creak, E. W 1885
Creed, J 1663
Creed, J 1742
Creel, F. L. F 1788
Cremona, L 1879
Cressener, H 1709
Cresswell,D 1823
Creuze,A.F. B 1842
Crewe, Lord 1841
Crichton, A 1800
Crisp, J 1788
Crisp, T 1666
Crivelli,G 1733
Croft, J 1818
Crofton,M. W 1868
Crofts, T 1776
Croke,G 1676
Croker, J. W 1810
Croll, J 1876
Cromarty, Earl of (see Tarbat, Lord).
Crombie, A 1829
Cromer, Earl of . . . .1911
Cronhelm, A. H. de . . . 1725
Crookes, W 1863
Croone,W 1663
Cross, R. A 1879
Crosse,J. G 1836
Crossley,A.W 1907
Crozier, F. R, M 1843
Cruickshank, W 1802
Cruikshank, W 1797
ALPHABETICAL LIST oi FELLOWS
Crull, J.
Crum, W. ^ .
Cruquius, N.
Crusius, L. .
Cubitt, W. .
Cullen, W. .
Cullum, J. .
Cullum, T. G.
Cumberland, Duke of
Cumberland, Duke of
Cumberland, Duke of .
Cuming, A. .
Cumming, J.
Cunha, A. A. da .
Cunningham, D. D.
Cunningham, D. J.
Cunningham, J.
Cureton, W. .
Curling, T. B.
Currey, F. .
Currey, G. C.
Currie, J.
Cursetjee, A.
Curtius, W. .
Curzon of Kedleston, Lord
Cushny, A. R
Cust, E.
Cust, J.
Cuthbert, J.
Cutler, J.
Cuvier, G.
Cuvier, G. L.
Cyprianus, A
Cyrillo, N.
Czernichew, Count .
D'Ablancourt, F. . Da Costa, E. M. .
Da Costa, M
Dagge, H. . D'Alembert, J. le R. D' Alev a Dehn, C. . Dalkeith, Earl of . Dallinger, W. H. . Dalrymple, — Dalrymple, A.
Dalrymple, J.
Dalrymple, J.
Dalton, H
Dalton, J. .
Damoiseau, M. C. T.
Dana, J. D
Daniell, E. R.
Daniell,J.F.
Danvers, J. .
d'Aragona, N. A. (see Cassano).
Darboux, G
D'Arcy, J
Dargent, J. .
D' Argenville, A. J. de Sallier .
Darker, J
Darnley, Earl of .
Darnley, Earl of .
1681
Isll
1764 1880
1777
1775
1787
1760
1780
1828
17-Jo
1816
1668
lss<>
1891
HUM!
ISMS
1850 1858 1810 1702 1841 1667
1007 1834 1805 1765 1664 1806 1835 1700 1726 1747
1684
1747
1736
1770
1748
1720
1723
1880
1718
1771
1706
1840
1816
1822
1832
1884
1828
1814
1724
1002 1720 1768 1740 1768 1737 1810
Darnley. Kar I of .. Dartmouth. Karl .i Dartmouth
Dartmouth. K,rl „( .^
Darwin. ('. K.
Darwin. K
Darwin «.. H Darwin H Darwin. I'. U Daachaw, Paul, l*riix.
DaHhwOod. F.
l>.\n',.r, . «.
D'Aubai
Daubenton. I. .1 M
Dauben
Daubr6e,G. A.
D' Aumont de Roche Uroo. LMbdw
D Auvergne, P.
Davall, P.
Davenport .
Dave y, Lord .
Davii T. \\
Davkfeon,.J
Davi«Uoii. T.
Daviel,J. .
Davies, G. .
Da vies, J. .
Da vies, R. .
Davies, S. .
Davies, T. .
Davies, T. S. .
Davila, P. .
Davis, H.
Davis, J. B. .
Davis, J. F. .
Davis, R. H. .
Davy, E.
Davy, H. .
Davy, J.
Davy, M.
Dawes, W. R.
Dawkins, H. .
Dawkins, J. .
Dawkins, J. -
Dawkins, W. B. .
Dawson. G. M.
Dawson, J. W.
Day.G. E. .
Day, J.
Day.T.
Dayrolles. S. .
Dealtry, \V. .
Deane, A.
Deane.W. .
De Bary, A.
De Born. I . .
Debus, H. .
Deoaianc, .1
De Candolle, A. .
DeCandolle,A I'
De Dumas, V.
De Ferrare, Lord .
iMt
IfTf
174«.
\m
1791
i-.-: 1MI
i- .-
KM
MM 17*
\m
1*41 1868
in*
1896 H8I MM
HM
1885
17&5 KfU 1887 1881 1888 KM KIM MM
1741
mi
! i> I
I8M
444
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Degge, S |
1723 |
Dickinson, J. |
. 1854 |
|
|
1730 |
Dickson, T. . |
. 1770 |
|
De Grey, Earl |
1841 |
Diescau, J. A. |
. 1716 |
|
De Grey and Ripon. Karl |
1860 |
Digby, K. . |
. 1663 |
|
DeGrey, T. . . |
1778 |
Dillenius, J. J. |
. 1724 |
|
Deidier. A |
1723 |
Dillon, C. |
. 1767 |
|
De la Beche, H. T |
1819 |
Dillwyn, L. W. . |
. 1804 |
|
De la Brede (see Montesquieu). |
Dimsdale, N. |
. 1805 |
|
|
De la Faye. C |
] 725 |
Dimsdale, T. |
. 1769 |
|
Delafield, J |
1835 |
Dines, W. H. |
. 1905 |
|
Delambre, J. B. J |
1791 |
Dingley, R. . |
. 1748 |
|
DelaPrynie, A |
1701 |
Diodate, J. . |
. 1724 |
|
De la Rive, A. A |
1846 |
Dirichlet, G. L. |
. 1855 |
|
DelaRue, W |
1850 |
Dirom, A. . |
. 1794 |
|
Delaunay, C. E |
1869 |
Disney, J. . |
. 1832 |
|
Delaval, E. H |
1759 |
Disraeli, B. . |
. 1876 |
|
1728 |
Dittmar, W. . |
. 1882 |
|
|
Del Bene, T |
1695 |
• Divers, E. . |
. 1885 |
|
De Lionne, H. L |
1665 |
Dixey, F. A. . |
. 1910 |
|
De Lisle, J. N |
1723 |
Dixon, A. ... |
. 1748 |
|
De Luc, J. A |
1773 |
Dixon, A. C. . |
. 1904 |
|
De Moivre, A |
1697 |
Dixon, A. L. . |
. 1912 |
|
De Morgan, C. G |
1861 |
Dixon, H. B. |
. 1886 |
|
Dendy, A. |
1908 |
Dixon, H. H. |
. 1908 |
|
Denham, D. . |
1826 |
Dixon, J. |
. 1773 |
|
Denham, H. M |
1839 |
Dixon, R. |
. 1811 |
|
Denham, J. . |
1663 |
Dixon, W. . |
. 1729 |
|
Denham, J. F |
1841 |
Dixon, W. E. |
. 1911 |
|
Denison, W. T |
1838 |
Dobbie, J. J. . |
. 1904 |
|
Denman, T |
1833 |
Dobson, G. E. |
. 1883 |
|
Denmark, Christian VII, King of |
1768 |
Dobson, M. . |
. 1778 |
|
Denmark, Crown Prince of |
1822 |
Dobson, R. . |
. 1835 |
|
Denmark, Prince George of |
1704 |
Dobyns, J. . |
. 1723 |
|
Dent, J |
1811 |
Dod, P. |
. 1729 |
|
Derby, Earl of (see Stanley, Lord). Dereham, T |
1720 |
Dodgson, C. . Dodson, J. . |
. 1762 . 17 :>.-> |
|
Derham, W |
1702 |
Dohrn, A. . |
. 1899 |
|
Derry, Bp. of (see Bristol, Earl of). |
Dolaeus, J. . |
. 1692 |
|
|
DeRuischer,M |
1729 |
Dolben, J. . |
. 1665 |
|
Desaguliers, J. T |
1714 |
Dollond, G. . |
. 1819 |
|
Desaguliers, T |
1780 |
Dollond, J. . |
. 1761 |
|
De Saussure, H. B. |
1788 |
Domcke, G. P. |
. 1734 |
|
Des Cloizeaux, A. L. 0. . |
1875 |
Donati, V. . |
. 1757 |
|
Desfontaines, R. . |
1833 |
Donders, F. C. |
. 1866 |
|
Des Maizeaux, P. . |
1720 |
Donkin, B. . |
. 1838 |
|
Despretz, C. M |
1862 |
Donkin, R. S. |
. 1826 |
|
d'Este, F. M. (see Modena, Prince of). |
Donkin, W. F. |
. 1842 |
|
|
De Vaux, T |
1665 |
Donnan, F. G. |
. 1911 |
|
Devonshire, Duke of |
1747 |
Donoughmore, Earl of . |
. 1865 |
|
Devonshire, Duke of ... |
1761 |
Doo,G.T. . |
. 1851 |
|
Devonshire, Duke of ... |
1892 |
Doody,S. . |
. 1695 |
|
Devonshire, Duke of (see Cavendish, |
Doppelmayer, J. G. |
. 1733 |
|
|
Lord). |
Dorchester, Marquess of . |
. 1663 |
|
|
Devonshire. Ivirl of ... |
1663 |
D'Orci,G. . |
. 1716 |
|
De Vrics. H |
1905 |
Dorislaus, I. . |
. 1681 |
|
Druar, .]. . . . . . |
1877 |
Dorset, Earl of |
. 1665 |
|
DC \YoniH. l5.-ir.ui II. |
1889 |
Dorset, Earl of |
. 1698 |
|
DiMin. T. F. |
1821 |
Douglas, A. . |
. 1793 |
|
Dirkrnson. K. .... |
1677 |
Douglas, C. . |
. 1770 |
|
Dio-kcnson. .1. |
1814 |
Douglas, F. S. N. . |
. 1817 |
|
Dickie. C |
1881 |
Douglas, G. . |
. 1732 |
|
Die-kin-;. A. . |
1722 |
Douglas, G. . |
. 1830 |
|
Dickinson, C. .... |
1800 |
Douglas, H. . |
. 1816 |
|
Dickinson. -1. .... |
1845 |
Douglas, J. . |
. 1706 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST <>l FELLOWS
Douglas, J. . Douglas, J. . Douglas, Lord George Douglas, Marquess of Douglas, S. . Douglas, W. . Douglas, W. . Douglas, W. R. K. . Douglass, J. N. Dove, H. W. . Down and Connor,
Smith, E.). Downe, Viscount . Downes, J. . Downing, A. M. W. Downshire, Marq. of
borough,. Earl of). D'Oyly, G. . Drake, F. Drake, J. Drew, R.
Dreyer, C. W. de . Drory, G. W.
Drummond, H.
Drummond, W.
Drury, H. .
Drury, T. .
Dry, H.
Dryden, J. .
Duane, M.
Dublin, Abp. of (see King, W
du Bois, C. .
Du Bois-Reymond, E. H.
Ducarel, A. C.
Ducie, Earl of
Ducie, Lord .
Duckett, G. .
Duclos, C. .
Duddell, W. .
Dudley, C. .
Dudley, M. .
Dudley, P. .
Du Fay, C. F. de C.
Dufferin and Claneboye, Lord
Dugood, W. .
Du Hamel du Monceau, H. L
Duillier, J. C. F. de
Duillier, J. N. F. de
Duliolo, R. .
Dulong, P. L.
Dumaresq, D.
Dumas, J. B. A.
Dummer, T.
Dummer, T. L.
Du Moulin, J.
Duncan, A. . Duncan, J. M. Duncan, P. M. Duncan, W. . Dundas, R. A. Dundas,T. . Dungarvan, Lord Dunkin, E. . Dunstan, W. R.
|
1790 |
Duitotanvillf. lian.li tlr |
• |
||
|
. |
1778 |
IM7 |
||
|
. |
IM |
Du|i|ilin. Vboouot |
171 1 |
|
|
. |
i *%< cj |
1 )njir«-. A |
||
|
. |
I7M |
i • , |
||
|
1711 |
itxl. D. . |
! . /' |
||
|
. |
1SIM» |
. |
i , |
|
|
. |
l.vjii |
Duroure. K |
||
|
1 |
1887 |
Duroure, •' |
1 "*" |
|
|
, |
1860 |
Dutens. I. |
||
|
Bp. o |
(see |
• |
Duv.M. K. 1 |
1741 |
|
Duval. P. |
||||
|
§ |
1760 |
Dwarris, P. W. 1 |
1^47 |
|
|
. |
1667 |
. |
'•'•' |
|
|
, |
1896 |
Dyer, 8. . |
||
|
' (see |
Hills |
1 -•'. |
||
|
Dyson, F. U . |
!'••' |
|||
|
( |
1815 |
|||
|
1736 |
||||
|
1701 |
Barnes, ti. . |
. HM |
||
|
1839 |
I |
i :-•• |
||
|
1783 |
Eanl |
i -«. ; |
||
|
1836 |
Eardley-Wilmot..!. K . |
|||
|
1839 |
Earle. H |
IM |
||
|
1799 |
Earle, J. |
. 1794 |
||
|
1818 |
Earle, W. B. . |
|||
|
1758 |
East, E. . . |
. 1799 |
||
|
1730 |
East. \\ |
IM |
||
|
1663 |
Eastlake.C 1 |
l*';* |
||
|
1763 |
Eastwick, E. B. . |
. 1851 |
||
|
ling, W |
Eaton, S. |
. 1797 |
||
|
1700 |
Ebrington, Viscount |
|||
|
1 ft77 |
. 1761 |
|||
|
. |
lo 1 i 1762 |
Eckhardt, A. G. . |
||
|
1855 |
Eden. \V |
\~.*'< |
||
|
1814 |
Edgcumbe, R. |
. 1676 |
||
|
1808 |
Edge worth, L. |
1 •*_'_' |
||
|
• |
1764 1907 |
Edgworth, R. L. . Edinburgh, Duke of |
IM |
|
|
1753 |
Edmonstone, N. B. |
IM |
||
|
* |
1703 |
Edward, Duke of York . |
. 1760 |
|
|
• |
1721 1728 |
Edward VII, King (we Albc Edward, Prince of Wales). |
rt |
|
|
re Lore |
1865 |
Edwards, B |
1794 |
|
|
1728 |
Edwards, G |
|||
|
i,H.L |
1734 1706 |
Edwards, J Edwards, W. F. . |
I " ! IM |
|
|
• |
1687 1712 1826 |
Edye.J Edye, J. Effen, J. van |
IM . 1841 . 171.'. ifli i |
|
|
1761 |
Egan,T. . - |
lal 1 1 ~ S 1 |
||
|
1840 |
Egerton, F. H. . |
\ . * 1 |
||
|
• |
1773 1731 1667 1798 1883 1868 1771 1833 1768 |
Egerton, P. de M. G. Egmont, Earl of . Egmont, Earl of (see Perorate, J.. Egremont, Earl of . Ehrenberg, C. G. . Khret, G. D. Khrlii-h. I'. Kltlon, Earl of (we > Elford, W. |
. 1797 . 1837 . 1910 1790 i - 1 |
|
|
1663 |
i . 1895 |
|||
|
• |
1876 1893 |
KliMU.'xN : |
. 1815 |
44<>
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Ellery, R. L. J |
1873 |
Everett, J. D |
1879 |
|
Ellesmere, Earl of . |
1860 |
Eversley, Lord (see Lefevre, G. J. S.). |
|
|
Ellicott, J |
1738 |
Ewart, J. C |
1893 |
|
Elliot C .... |
1851 |
Ewer, W |
1840 |
|
Elliot, G |
1834 |
Ewing, J. A. |
1887 |
|
Elliot, J |
1776 |
Exeter, Bp. of (see Lyttelton, C). |
|
|
Elliot, J |
1811 |
Exeter, Bp. of (see Ward, S.). |
|
|
Elliot, W. . . . |
1878 |
Exeter, Earl of .... |
1767 |
|
Elliotson, J. . |
1829 |
Exeter, Earl of .... |
1800 |
|
Elliott, C |
1835 |
Eyre, J |
1791 |
|
Klliott,C.B |
1832 |
Eyre,K |
1726 |
|
Elliott. E. B |
1891 |
Eyre, R |
1767 |
|
Kills. A |
1663 |
||
|
Kllis. A. J |
1864 |
F |
|
|
Kllis. G |
1797 |
Faget, J. B |
1752 |
|
Ellis, G. A |
1816 |
Fagnani, G. C. de . |
1723 |
|
Ellis, H |
1749 |
Fahrenheit, D. G |
1724 |
|
Ellis, H |
1811 |
, Fairbairn, W |
1850 |
|
Ellis, H |
1819 |
Fairfax, H. C |
1727 |
|
Kllis. .1 |
1754 |
Falconer, H |
1845 |
|
Kllis. .1 |
1774 |
Falconer, W. .... |
1773 |
|
Ellis, J |
1801 |
Fallows, F |
1820 |
|
Ellis, T. F |
1847 |
Fane, F |
1663 |
|
Ellis, W |
1745 |
Faraday, M |
1824 |
|
Kllis. W |
1893 |
Faria, G. de |
1682 |
|
Ellys, A |
1723 |
Farmer, J. B |
1900 |
|
Elmsley, P |
1814 |
Farmer, R |
1791 |
|
Elphinstone, G. K. |
1790 |
Farquhar, R. T |
1820 |
|
Elphinstone, H. |
1832 |
Farquharson, J. . |
1830 |
|
Else, J |
1778 |
Farr, S |
1779 |
|
Elwes, H. J |
1897 |
Farr,W |
1770 |
|
Ely, Bp. of (see Laney, E.). |
Farr, W |
1855 |
|
|
Emlyn, T |
1768 |
Farrar, F. W |
1866 |
|
Emmet, M. . |
1697 |
Farre, A |
1839 |
|
Encke, J. F |
1825 |
Fauquier, F. .... |
1753 |
|
Enderby, C. . |
1841 |
Fauquier, W. .... |
1746 |
|
Englefield, H. C |
1778 |
Fawcett, H. .... |
1882 |
|
Knniskillen, Earl of (see Cole, Vis- |
Fawconer, J. .... |
1735 |
|
|
count). |
Fayrer, J |
1877 |
|
|
Ent, G |
1663 |
Feake, C |
1748 |
|
Ent, G |
1676 |
Featherstonhaugh, G. W. |
1835 |
|
Ericeyra, Conde da (see Xavier de |
Fellowes, J. .... |
1816 |
|
|
Mcnezes). |
Fellowes, W |
1704 |
|
|
Krichsen, J. E. |
1876 |
Fellowes, W |
1708 |
|
Krh-. W |
1860 |
Fellowes, W |
1731 |
|
Knnan, ( J. A. |
1873 |
Felton, S |
1762 |
|
Krnian, P |
1827 |
Fenton, H. J. H |
1899 |
|
Krskinc, R. . |
1771 |
Fenton, W |
1723 |
|
Ki-kine, T |
1787 |
Ferguson, J. .... |
1763 |
|
Erskyn (Aer^kine), W. . |
1663 |
Ferguson, R. .... |
1805 |
|
Essex, Earl of .... |
1737 |
Fergusson, F. |
1798 |
|
Esson. \\' |
1869 |
Fergusson, J. |
1863 |
|
Kthmdge, R |
1871 |
Fergusson, W. .... |
1848 |
|
KllIlT. I |
1746 |
Fermor, T. W |
1805 |
|
Kustacr. .M |
1667 |
Ferner, B |
1760 |
|
A. .1. .... |
1901 |
Feronce, J. B. de . |
1764 |
|
KVJIIIS. F. .!.() |
1862 |
Ferrari, D |
1723 |
|
KvaTis.-I. ..... |
1864 |
Ferrers, Earl .... |
1761 |
|
Kvans. L. |
1823 |
Ferrers, N. M |
1877 |
|
Kvr. M |
1681 |
Ferrier, D |
1876 |
|
Kvclyn, ( J |
L829 |
Ferris, S |
1797 |
|
• n, J. . |
1663 |
Festing, E. R |
1886 |
|
Evelyn, .! Everest. (I. . |
1722 1827 |
Fetherstonhaugh, M. . Field, A. M. . . |
1752 1905 |
ALPHA HETICAL LIST Ol PBLLOWfl
|
Field, F. Field, J. |
MM 1 s'U. |
Ford.R. . llV.nrl..^. ft |
:• - |
|
Fielding, G. H. . Fife, Earl of . Filenius, P. . |
17K7 1707 |
roruvw. <t. . Fordyoe. \\ Fonney, > i.- . . |
ran |
|
Filon, L. N. G. |
I'tlu |
rornajMum. I. A. . Pnr.k.11 1 |
MM |
|
Finch, D. . |
It ids |
rorHhuii. .1. . lfrnij.tj.tr IT |
UH |
|
Finch, H. . Finch, J. Finch, T. |
1742 MM 1 SI | 1 |
ror«t<T. K. . FofMlfT. K. . Ifmr-t i f o |
l-,l UH |
|
Finlater, Earl of (see Seafield, Vis- count). Finlay, J Firmin, T. . . Fischer, E Fischer, J. B. |
17ss HIT!) IS!»!> 1744 |
rorster, t) . 1 ' Fowter.N. . Foreter, 'I Foreter, T. . Forsui. \ r |
IM 1706 im l«75 i |
|
Fischer, W. L. F. . |
I S.V, |
Fort/*«Min riff Vivian 1 — 1 1 > t « |
|
|
Fisher, G. . |
1886 |
Tini^ treom, LOW (m Ahoo, J. r.). |
|
|
Fisher, J |
ISlM |
FortiH A |
i |
|
Fisher, R. . |
J7(|(> |
FoHTJiritii M |
: • • . |
|
Fitton, W. H. |
1815 |
FoHfpr T1 IM \*vt> |
' • , |
|
Fitz-Clarence, G Fitzgerald, G. F FitzGerald, K. |
1820 1883 1756 |
Fosi Fost.-r. H Foster 1 |
• - 1 i,,., MM IMM |
|
Fitzgerald, M. |
1813 |
Foster J 1 |
IW9 ! , I ., |
|
Fitzgerald, W. V Fitzhardinge, Viscount . Fitzherbert, W FitzRoy, R Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Viscount . Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Viscount Fizeau, H. L Flams teed, J. Flatman, T Fleming, J Fleming, J. A. Fletcher, I Fletcher, L |
1816 1668 1762 1851 1747 1789 1875 1676 1668 1813 1892 1855 1889 |
Foster, M. . Fothergill, A. Fothergill, J Foucault, J. B. L. . Fouchy, J. P. G. de Fourmont, E. . . Fourmont, M. Fournier, G. Fourier, J. B. J Fowler, A Fowler, R Fo\\ DC<. < ;. . Fox, R. W |
tin ITU IT- : Ml 1740 ITU 1>. Isj.i I'-lo IM im i^^ |
|
Fletcher, T.W Fleury, F. W. de . Flight, W Flourens, M. J. P Flower, — Flower, W. H Fludyer, T Fly, H Folard f! |
1839 1715 1883 1835 1667 1864 1767 1781 1749 |
Fox, W. Fraizer, A Franck, J Franck-von-Franckenau. (J. . Francois de Chaumont. F. S. B. Frankland, E. Frankland, P. F. . Frankland, T Frankland, T. |
itn i.,.: MB MM MM MM |V.| im |
|
Foley, Lord |
1740 |
Frankland, W. . |
I9M |
|
Foley, R Foley, T Folkes, M Folkes, M Folkes, W Folkes W B |
1708 1696 1714 1772 1726 1834 |
Franklin. B Franklin. .1 Franklin, J Franklin. \V. .... Franks, A. W. Franks, N |
L7M 1823 19» MM I^TI 1764 |
|
1795 |
Franks, W |
ITtl |
|
|
Fontenelle, B. le B. de . |
1732 1858 |
Franks, W. . Fraser, A . . |
isll |
|
Forbes, E Forbes, G |
1845 1887 i cflQ |
Fnwer, T. R. Fraser, W. . |
1171 MM |
|
Forbes, J Forbes, J Forbes, J.D Forbes, W. N Ford. H. |
1829 1832 1822 1663 |
Frederick ; aft. Prince of Wde» . Frederick, C.. Frederick Augusta* 11. King of Saxony • |
11M 17S9 MM |
448
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia |
1842 |
|
1797 |
|
|
Freind, J |
1711 |
|
Freire C R |
1791 |
|
Freke, J |
1729 |
|
Freman, W. ..... |
1735 |
|
Frere, G. E |
1837 |
|
Frere H B E |
1877 |
|
Frere, J |
1771 |
|
Freshfield, J. W |
1834 |
|
Fresnel, A. J. |
1825 |
|
Friend, M. C |
1820 |
|
Fries, E.M |
1875 |
|
Frisi, P |
1757 |
|
Frobenius, J. S. A. . |
1729 |
|
Frodsham, W. J |
1839 |
|
Fronchin, T |
1762 |
|
Frost, P |
1883 |
|
Froude, R. E |
1894 |
|
Froude, W |
1870 |
|
Fry, E |
1883 |
|
Fryer, J |
1697 |
|
Fullarton, W |
1779 |
|
Fuller, J |
1704 |
|
Fuller, J |
1726 |
|
Fuller, R |
1732 |
|
Fullerton, W |
1732 |
|
G |
|
|
Gabry, P |
1753 |
|
Gadow, H. F |
1892 |
|
Gaertner, J |
1761 |
|
Gage, J |
1824 |
|
Gage, Viscount .... |
1728 |
|
Gairdner, W. T |
1893 |
|
Gale, R |
1717 |
|
Gale, T |
1677 |
|
Gallean, C. H. A |
1763 |
|
Galliani, C |
1734 |
|
Gallitzin, Prince .... |
1798 |
|
Galloway, T |
1834 |
|
Gallucci, — |
1706 |
|
Galton, D |
1859 |
|
Galton, F |
1860 |
|
Galton, S. . . |
1785 |
|
Galvao, A. . |
1725 |
|
Gambier, J. . |
1737 |
|
Gamble, F. W |
1907 |
|
Gamble, J. S |
1899 |
|
Gamgee, A. . |
1872 |
|
Garangeot, R. J. < . |
1728 |
|
in, L. ..... |
1730 |
|
Garden, A |
1773 |
|
Gardiner, J. S. |
1908 |
|
Gardiner, S.J |
1816 |
|
liner, \V |
1890 |
|
•1. A. B |
1858 |
|
(inrrod, A. K. .... |
1910 |
|
id, A. H. |
1876 |
|
.,w, W |
1807 |
|
•n.S |
1706 |
|
Ciiithshore, M |
177r, |
|
. ,Hi. Lord (see Canning. (J.). |
|
|
Gascoigne, B. |
1667 |
Gaskell, W. H 1882
Gaskin, T 1839
Gassiot, J. P 1840
Gaubius, H. D 1764
Gaudry,A 1895
Gauss, C. F J804
Gay,N 1798
Gay, R 1718
Gay-Lussac, J. L 1815
Geach, F 1767
Gee, 0 1717
Geekie, A 1710
Gegenbaur, C 1884
Geikie,A 1865
Geikie, J 1875
Gell, W 1807
Genevois, J. A 1761
•Geoffrey, C. J 1715
Geoffroy, E. F 1698
George, Prince of Wales . . .1727
George I, King .... 1727
George II, King .... 1727
George III, King .... 1760
George IV, King . . . 1820 George V, King (see York, Duke of).
Georges, J 1719
Gerdes, H. W 1726
Gersten, C. L 1733
Giacometti, M. A 1740
Gibbes, G. S 1796
Gibbon, E 1788
Gibbs,J 1729
G'ibbs.J.W 1897
Giddy, D 1791
Giffen, R 1892
Gilbart,J. W 1846
Gilbert, J 1726
Gilbert, J. D 1834
Gilbert, J. H I860
Gilbert (see Giddy, D.).
Gilchrist, P. C 1891
Gilkes, M 1735
Gill, D 1883
Gill, W 1739
Gillan, H 1795
Gillies, J 1789
Gillon,J 1809
Girardin, J. P. P. de . . . 1732
Girle,J 1754
Gisborne, T 1758
Giuntini, H 1731
Gladstone, J. H 1853
Gladstone, W. E 1881
Glaisher,J 1849
Glaisher, J. W. L 1875
Glandore, Earl of ..... 1803
Glanvill, J 1664
Glasgow, Earl of .... 1788
Glasse,S 1764
Glazebrook, R. T 1882
Glenbervie, Lord (see Douglas, S.).
Glenie,J 1779
<llisson,F 1663
Gloucester, Bp. of (see Huntingford).
ALPHABETICAL LIS I CM I I.I M.\\,
|
Gloucester, Duke of ... Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke of |
L780 IT'tT |
<;raio*.r.K. l». . (i rum it 1 |
|
Glover, G |
|s'{-' |
(irant ( |
|
Glover, P |
17-J.-5 1 sits |
1 Grant J A |
|
Gmelin, P. F Goddard, J Goderich, Viscount Godfrey, J Godin, L |
1768 KM ITlfi 1736 |
Grant, L. A. . Grant, l: Grant, R. E. . Grant Duff M E. |
|
Godman, F. Du Cane Godolphin,W Godschall, W. M. . Godwin, G. . |
iss-j 1664 1768 1 8311 |
Qnatbr,Lafd(M*» - Granville. A. 1: Graunt •' |
|
Godwin- Austen (see Austen, R. A. C. ). Godwin- Austen, H. H. . Goldie,G.D.T Goldingham, J Goldsmid, I. L Gomeldon, W Gompertz, B. Good,J.M Goodenough, E. Goodenough, G. T Goodenough, S Goodrich, E. S Goodricke, J Goodsir, J. . ... Goodwyn, — Gordon, Duke of . Gordon HP |
1880 1902 1808 1828 161.3 1819 1808 1824 1787 1789 1905 1786 1846 1681 1784 1830 |
Gravatt. \\ Graves, C. . Graves, J. T. . Graves, R. .1. 'sGravesaode. W.J. Gray, A. . Gray, A. Gray, Baron . Gray, C. Gray, E. W. . Gray, G. R. . Gray, H. . Gray, J. Gray, J. E. . Gray, R. Gray, S. Greatheed, R. W. . |
|
1835 |
Greatorex, T. |
|
|
Gordon J W |
1801 |
Green, A. H. . |
|
Gordon, P Gordon, R. . |
1694 1685 1821 |
Green, J. H. . Green, J. R. . Green, R. |
|
Gore G ... |
1865 |
Green, W. . |
|
Gori, A. F |
1738 1896 |
Greene, T. . Greene, T. . |
|
Gorter, D. de |
1760 1872 |
Greene, W. . Greenhill, A. G. . |
|
1856 |
Greenhow, E. H. . |
|
|
1772 |
Greenough, G. B. . |
|
|
1793 |
Greenwell, W. |
|
|
Gotch F ... |
1892 |
Greg, J. |
|
Gough R |
1775 |
Gregg, H. . |
|
Goulburn, H. ... Gould B A ... |
1820 1891 |
Gregory (Gregorie). D. Gregory (Gregorie), J. |
|
Gould J ... |
1843 |
Gregory, J. . |
|
Gould W ... |
1683 |
Gregory, J. W. |
|
firmlrl W |
1774 |
Gregory, R. • |
|
Gouldsmyth, J Gowers, W. R Gowland, W. Graeme, W. . |
1729 1887 1908 1766 1749 1831 1726 1836 |
Gregory, W. H. Greig, S. Greig. W. . Gresham, C. . Greeley. T. . |
I7VI
;-
I- • I. -.
ISM
i; .!
vm
i: •
\m im
KM ITU
I79H
KM
ItH KM (M
KM
KM KM
KM IM KM KM
IM
I8»
KM
450
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Grey, T 1815
Griess,J.P 1868
Grieve, J 1794
Griffith, E 1834
Griffiths, E.H 1895
Griffiths, J 1806
Grimani, P 1712
Grimston, J. B 1786
Grindall, R 1758
Grinfield,S 1767
Grive,J.dela .... 1733
Gronovius, L. T 1763
Groombridge, S 1812
Grosley, P. J 1766
Grosvenor, Lord .... 1777
Grote, G 1857
Groth,P.H 1911
Grove, W. R 1840
Grover, J 1830
Groves, C. E 1883
Grubb, H 1883
Grubb, T 1864
Gua de Halves, J. P. de . . .1742 Guasco, O. de . . . .1750
Guasconi, B. (see Gascoigne, B.) . 1667 Guernsey, Lord . . . .1773
Guest, E 1839
Guest, J. J 1830
Guglielmini, D 1697
Guignes, J. de .... 1752 Guilford, Earl of (see North, G. A.).
Guillemard, J 1806
Guiscard, marquis de . . . 1706
Guise, J 1716
Gull,W.W 1869
Gulliver, G 1839
Gunn, R. C 1854
Gunning, J 1782
Giinther, A. C. L. G. . . . 1867
Gurney, H 1818
Gurney, R 1875
Guthrie, F 1871
Guthrie, G. J 1827
Guthrie, M 1782
Guy, W. A 1866
Guyon, C. M 1746
Guyton de Morveau, L. B. . . 1788
Gwynne, R 1681
Gyllenborg, C 1711
H
Haak, T 1663
Haast, J. von .... 1867
Haddington, Earl of ... 1844
Haddon, A. C 1899
Haddu, Muhammad ibn . . 1682
1 1 ad field, R. A 1909
Hadley, G 1734
Hadley, J 1716
Hadley, J 1758
Haemstede, H. van . . . 1761
Haggitt, F 1820
Hai.lim.Tr. (' 1856
Haig, R. W 1867
Haighton, J 1815
Hailstone, J 1801
Haistwell, E 1698
Haldane,J. S 1897
Haldane, R. B 1906
Hale, G. E. ... . 1909
Hale, R 1720
Hales, S 1717
Halford,H 1810
Halifax, Earl of (see Montagu, C.). Halifax, Viscount . . . .1675
Hall, A. D 1909
Hall,B 1812
Hall,B 1816
Hall,F 1732
Hall, H 1675
Hall,J 1806
Hall, J 1820
Hall, M 1832
Hall,T.H 1827
Hall,W.H 1847
Hallam, H 1821
Haller,A 1739
Halley, E 1678
Halliburton, W. D 1891
Hallifax, R 1785
Halliwell, J. O. (aft. Halliwell-
Phillipps) 1839
Halloy, J. B. d' .... 1873
Halsbury, Lord .... 1887
Halswell, E 1834
Hamersley, H 1779
Hamett,J 1835
Hamilton, A 1777
Hamilton (see Buchanan, F.) .
Hamilton, A 1795
Hamilton, A 1808
Hamilton, C 1747
Hamilton, D 1708
Hamilton, D.J 1908
Hamilton, Duke of . . . .1735 Hamilton, Duke of (see Douglas,
Marquess of).
Hamilton, H 1761
Hamilton, H.P 1828
Hamilton, J 1734
Hamilton, J. .... 1745
Hamilton, R 1819
Hamilton, W 1766
Hamilton, W.J 1855
Hamilton, W.R 1813
Hammond, A 1700
Hammond, B 1754
Hammond, W 1663
Hamond, A. S. . . . 1797 Hampden, Lord (see Pakington, J.). Hampden, Viscount (see Trevor, Lord).
Hampe,J.H 1729
Hanbury, D 1867
Hanbury, W 1728
Hanckewitz, A. G. . . . 1729
Handfield, J 1816
Hanmer, E 1817
Hanmer,T 1804
ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol ill I <>\VS 451
Hannen, Lord .
Hannisius, D
Hansen, P. A.
Hansler,J.J
Hansteen, C
Harby, E
Harcourt, A. G. V
Harcourt, Earl . Harcourt, W. Vernon
Harden, A
Hardenberg, Baron von .
Harding, C
Harding, W
Hardinge, C. .
Hardinge, G. .
Hardwick, J. ...
Hardwick, P. ...
Hardwicke, Earl of
Hardwicke, Earl of
Hardwicke, Earl of
Hardwicke, Earl of (see Yorke, P.).
Hardwicke, T.
Hardy, G. H.
Hardy, P
Hardy, W. B.
Hare, F. G
Harford, J. S. Hargraves, J. Hargreave, C. J. .
Harker, A
Barker, J. A. Harkness, R.
Harley, E
Harley, G
Harley, Lord.
Harley, R
Harley, R
Harley, T
Harmer, S. F. Harper, J.
Harper, S
Harrington, E. Harrington, Lord . Harrington, W.
Harris, D
Harris, J
Harris, J. Harris, J. G. . Harris, S. Harris, W. S. Harrison, G. .
Harrison, T
Harrison, T. C. Harrison, W. Harrison, W. Harrow by, Earl of .
Hartley, D
Hartley, W. N. Hartopp, G. H. F..
Harvey, C
Harvey, E
Harvey, G
Harvey, H
Harvey, J
1678 I8H
Hilis
1781
1881 1909 1745
isoi;
1S.VJ
1763 1788
IS.'JS
1831 1753 1790 1847
1813 1910
1902 1812 1823 1726 1844 1902 1910 1856 1663 1865 1711 1663 1863 1667 1898 1726 1766 1734 1741 1665 1768
1763 1835 1722 1831 1807 1804 1845 1765 1815 1853 1736 1884 1815 1819 1764 is-jr, 1825 1664
Harv. \ W H
Harwood, .) Hanrood, .1 Hanrkkn. T. .
Hart«l.K
Hatted. H 11 •„,, v Lord).
Martin*,. W
HMWO||. W. A. . Hatrl.
Lord (•» Wood, W.P.V Hatherton. Lord .
Hatton, Lord Haughton, G. C. Haughton, 8. Hauksbei Hautefeuille, J. de
Havers, C'. . Hawkins, B. . Hawkins, C. . Hawkin-.r. H. Hawkins, K. . Hawkins. I. . Hawkins, J. . Hawkins, J. H Hawkins, W. B. L. . Hawkesbury, Lord (see J<
R. B.).
Hawkshaw, J. Hawksley, T. Hawley, J. . Hay, A. Hay, A. L. . Hay, J. C. D. Hay,R.W. . Hayes, J. Haygarth, J. . Haynes, E. . Hayter, T. . Hayward, R. B. Hayward, W. Hazard, R. , Head, E. W. . Head, H. . Healde, T. . Heape, W. . Heath, B. . Heath, G. . Heath, G. C. . Heath, J. B. . Heath, T. L. . Heathcote, G. Heathoote, G. Heathoote. H Heathoote, J. Heathcote, T. HeathfieW, Lord Heaviside, J.
MM I«M IM
Ittt
MM
17*
rm urn
1 \
i :•:
IM
mi
B
KM,
MM MM
MM MM
1*1 . MH
i-ji
IT-!
MH
MM MM
ITU
MM MM MM MM
174"
MM MM
ITT"
MM
mi HM
Mtf MM
UN
I9M
im
HM
Og2
452
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Heaviside, O. |
. 1891 |
Hewett, J |
|
Heberden, T. |
. 1761 |
Hewett, P. G. |
|
Heberden, W. |
. 1749 |
Hewett, T |
|
Heberden, W. |
. 1791 |
Hewitt, J. T. |
|
Hector, J |
. 1866 |
Hewson, W. . |
|
Hedwig, J. . |
. 1788 |
Hey, W. |
|
Heidenhain, R. P. H. . |
. 1897 |
Heycock,C.T. |
|
Heim, A. .... |
. 1896 |
Heygate, J |
|
Heinson, J. T. |
. 1692 |
Heyne,C.G |
|
Heister, L |
. 1730 |
Heywood, B. |
|
Hele-Shaw, H. 8. . |
. 1899 |
Heywood, J. . |
|
Hellins, J. . |
. 1796 |
Hiarne, U |
|
Hellot, J |
. 1740 |
Hibbert, G |
|
Helmert, F. R. |
. 1908 |
Hickes, J. |
|
Helmfeld,G |
. 1670 |
Hickman, N. |
|
Helmholtz, H. L. F. von . |
. 1860 |
Hickman, S |
|
Helvetius, J. A. |
. 1763 |
Hicks, H |
|
Helvetius, J. C. A. . |
. 1755 |
Hicks, J.B |
|
Hemming, S. |
. 1776 |
Hicks, W. M. |
|
Hemsley, W. B. . |
. 1889 |
Hickson, S. J. |
|
Henchman, H. |
. 1665 |
Hiern,W.P |
|
Henderson, J. |
. 1831 |
Higginbottom, J. . |
|
Henderson, T. |
. 1840 |
Higgins, W. .... |
|
Henfrey, A |
. 1852 |
Higman, J. P. |
|
Henle,F. G.J. . |
. 1873 |
Hill, A. |
|
Henley, J. |
. 1693 |
Hill,G.W. . |
|
Henley, Lord |
. 1800 |
Hill,J |
|
Henly, W |
. 1773 |
HiJl,J |
|
Hennell,H |
. 1829 |
Hill,L |
|
Hennessey, J. B. N. |
. 1875 |
Hill, M. J. M. |
|
Hennessy, H. |
. 1858 |
Hill,O |
|
Henniker, J. . |
. 1779 |
Hill, R |
|
Henniker, J |
. 1785 |
Hill,S |
|
Henrici, O. M. F. E. |
. 1874 |
Hill,T |
|
Henricksen, H. |
. 1742 |
Hilliard, E. . |
|
Henry, T |
. 1775 |
Hills, E.H. . |
|
Henry, T. H. |
. 1846 |
Hills, P. |
|
H.-nry, W. . |
. 1755 |
Hills, P |
|
Henry, W. . |
. 1809 |
Hillsborough, Earl of |
|
Henry, W. C. |
. 1834 |
Hillsborough, Earl of |
|
Henshaw, N |
. 1663 |
Hilton, J |
|
Henshaw, T |
1663 |
Himsel, N. de |
|
Henslow, J. . |
. 1794 |
Hincks, T. . |
|
Kenwood, W. J. . |
. 1840 |
Hind, J. R |
|
Herbert, J |
. 1677 |
Hind, J. R |
|
Herbert, Lord C. . |
. 1673 |
Hinde, G. J |
|
Herdman, W. A. . |
. 1892 |
Hippisley, J. . |
|
Hereford, Bp. of (see Bisse, P.). |
Hippisley, J. C. |
|
|
Herepath, W. B. . |
. 1859 |
Hirst, T. A |
|
Hering, E |
. 1902 |
Hirst, W. . |
|
Hermann, L. . |
. 1905 |
Hoadly, B |
|
H< -i-mite, C. .... |
. 1873 |
Hoare, C |
|
Herrissant, F. D. . |
. 1750 |
Hoare, H. H. |
|
Herschel, A. S. |
. 1884 |
Hoare, J |
|
Herschel, J |
1871 |
Hoare J. |
|
Herschel, J. F. W. . |
. 1813 |
Hoare, J. |
|
Herschel, W |
. 1781 |
Hoare, R. |
|
Herschel 1, Lord . |
. 1892 |
Hoare, R. C |
|
Herzbery. H. F. . |
. 1789 |
Hoare, W |
|
Heucher, J. H. |
. 1729 |
Hobhouse, B. |
|
Heusch, J. C. |
. 1679 |
Hobhouse, J. C. . |
|
Hevelius, J |
. 1664 |
Hoblyn, R |
|
Hewelcke (see Hevelius, J.). |
Hoblyn, T |
|
|
Hm or, H. E. |
. 1723 |
Hobson, E. W. |
1786 1874 1721 1910 1770 1775 1895 1843 1789 1843 1839 1669 1811 1703 1725 1744 1885 1862 1885 1895 1903 1852 1806 1820 1663 1902 1719 1748 1900 1894 1676 1857 1711 1725 1802 1911 1798 1799 1764 1790 1839 1760 1872 1851 1863 1896 1855 1800 1861 1755 1726 1809 1784 1664 1()()K 1753 1752 1792 1663 1798 1814 1745 1811 1893
|
ALPHABETICAL 1 |
1ST OF I 1 1 LOWS Hoptoo.lt. C. 1 Horn**, J. »ook, A. . Hornrr. I Honwby, T. . Horafall,J. ' Homfiekl. T. . Horsley.J. . Horafoy, 8. . ley.V. A. H . Hortega,J Hosack. I) Hoskins.J Hoekins, 8. E. Hutham,C. . Mutton, P Hough, 8. 8. . Houghton, H. Houghton, J. Houghton, Lord . Houstoun Houstoun, W. . . Howard, C. . Howard, C. . Howard, C Howard, E. . Howard, E. . Howard, F.G. |
SiiiiiiiiiiSiiialiiliiiiiiiiSiia & |
|
|
Hodges, T Hodgkinson, E. . Hodgkinson, R. B. . Hodgson, B. H. |
1715 . 1MI . 1778 . Is77 . 1703 |
||
|
Hodgson, J. . Hodgson, R Hodgson, W. Hody, E Hofmann, A. W. . |
1810 . 1807 . 1732 . 1861 . 1746 |
||
|
Hoff (see van't Hoff). Hoffmann, F. Hogg, J Holden H. C. L. . |
1720 . 1839 . 1895 |
||
|
Holder, W Holford, P |
. HM)3 . 1746 |
||
|
Holford, R Holford, S Holland C ... |
. 1806 . 1786 . 1837 |
||
|
Holland, H Holland, Lord Holland, R Holland T H |
. 1815 . 1811 . 1726 . 1904 |
||
|
TTollps F |
. 1671 |
||
|
. 1786 |
|||
|
TTollipr J |
. 1718 |
||
|
Hollingbery, T. . |
. 1783 . 1726 |
||
|
Hollins,— .... Holli<? T |
1716 . 1757 |
||
|
Hollman, S. C. Holloway, B. |
1747 . 1723 . 1826 |
Howard, H Howard, H Howard, H Howard, J Howard, J. E. Howard,!. S. Howard, L Howard, 8. . Howard, T. . Howard, W. A. . Howell, T. B. Howes, G. B. Howley, W Howorth, H. H. . Hoy,T. Huber, J. J. . Hubner, M. . . • Huck, R. (aft. Huck-Swuww) Huoks, R. . Huddart,J. . Hudleston,W.H. , Hudson, C. G. Hudson, C. T. Hudson, J. . Hudson, R. • Hudson, W. . Huggins, W. . Hughes, D.E. Hughes, E. . Hughes, G. . • Hughes, T.McK. . Hugo, J. A. . |
iiii!lSii3!iiiiiiiiii§§ii§§iiii |
|
. 1741 |
|||
|
Holmes, R |
. 1797 . 1762 |
||
|
Holt, R |
. 1706 . 1767 |
||
|
Home, E Home, E. . Hood,C |
. 1787 1816 . 1862 . 1663 . 1847 |
||
|
Hook,W.F Hooke, R |
|||
|
Hooker, W. J. Hooper, E Hop,H. Hope, F. W Hope, J Hope, J Hope', T. C. . Hope, W. J Hope-Weir, C. Hopkins, D Hopkins, F.G. Hopkins, W Hopkinson, B. Hopkinson, J. Hoppus, J. . |
. 1812 1727 . 1804 . 1810 . 1808 . 1744 '. 1841 |
454
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Hulke, J. W. . Hull, E. Hulme, N. . Humboldt, A. Hume, A. Hume, J. Humphreys, D. Humphry, G. M. Hunauld, F. J. Hundertma Hunt, G. Hunt, R. Hunt, T. Hunt, T. Hunt, T. S. Hunter, A. Hunter, J. Hunter, J. Hunter, R. Hunter, R. Hunter, W. Huntingdor Huntingdon Hurlock, J. Hurlock, P. Hussey, T. Hustler, J. D. Hutcheson, A. Hutchinson, A. Hutchinson, B. Hutchinson, Hutchinson, J. Hutchinson, J. Hutchison, A. C. Hutton, A. Hutton, C. Hutton, F. W. Hutton, J. Hutton, W. Huxham, J. Huxham, J. C. Huxley, T. H. Huyghens, C. Hyde, J. Hyett, B. . Hyett, W. H. Hymers, J. .
Ibbetson, J. Ibbetson, L. L. B. Iddesleigh, Ea Ingenhousz, J Ingilby, J. Inglefield, E. . Inglis, J. Inglis, R. H. . Iremonger, .1. Isaac (Issac), C. Isham, J. M i.i m, J. Isted, G. Isted, T.
|
. |
. 1867 |
Iveagh, Viscount .... |
1906 |
|
, |
. 1867 |
Ives, J. ..... |
1773 |
|
. 1794 |
Ives, J. ..... |
1819 |
|
|
. von . |
. 1815 |
Ivory, J. ..... |
1815 |
|
. |
. 1775 |
||
|
. 1818 |
J |
||
|
D. '. |
. 1807 |
Jablonski, D. E |
1713 |
|
M. . |
. 1859 |
Jackson, C |
1772 |
|
J. |
1733 |
Jackson, H. . |
1772 |
|
:, C. F. |
. 1755 |
Jackson, H. B. |
1901 |
|
. 1819 |
Jackson, J |
1694 |
|
|
. 1854 |
Jackson, J |
1845 |
|
|
1725 |
Jackson, J. H. |
1878 |
|
|
. 1740 |
Jackson, S. . |
1798 |
|
|
. 1859 |
Jackson, W. L. |
1891 |
|
|
. 1775 |
Jacob, W. ..... |
1807 |
|
|
. 1767 |
Jacobaeus, J. A. . |
1724 |
|
|
. 1786 |
Jacobi, C. G. J |
1833 |
|
|
. 1709 |
Jacobs en, T. .... |
1727 |
|
|
. 1837 |
Jacour, Chevalier de |
1756 |
|
|
t |
. 1767 |
Jacquier, F. .... |
1741 |
|
Earl of '. |
. 1758 |
Jacquin, N. J. de . |
1788 |
|
G.I.. |
. 1804 |
Jago, J. ..... |
1870 |
|
. 1782 |
Jallabert, J. . |
1740 |
|
|
. 1780 |
James, H. ..... |
1848 |
|
|
. 1792 |
James II, King (see York, Duke of). |
||
|
>. |
. 1819 |
James, W. ..... |
1767 |
|
. 1708 |
James, W |
1775 |
|
|
\. '. |
. 1804 |
Jameson, R. . |
1826 |
|
B. . |
. 1795 |
Janssen, P. J. C. . |
1875 |
|
>. H. . r. |
. 1829 . 1882 |
Japp, F. R Jardine, W. ..... |
1885 1860 |
|
r. H. . |
. 1794 |
Jattica, J. ' |
1735 |
|
c. . |
. 1828 |
Jeans, J. H. . |
1906 |
|
. |
. 1737 |
Jebb, J. |
1779 |
|
. 1774 |
Jebb,J |
1824 |
|
|
r^ |
. 1892 |
Jebb, R. |
1765 |
|
. 1697 |
Jeffery, H. M |
1880 |
|
|
. 1840 |
Jeffreys, E. . |
1669 |
|
|
. |
. 1739 |
Jeffreys, J. . |
1726 |
|
. 1769 |
Jeffreys, J. . |
1841 |
|
|
. 1851 |
Jeffreys, J. G. |
1840 |
|
|
^ |
. 1663 |
Jeffreys, W. . |
1717 |
|
. 1752 |
Jekyll, J. |
1790 |
|
|
t |
. 1796 |
Jekyll,J |
1834 |
|
( |
. 1844 |
Jenkes, H |
1674 |
|
, |
. 1838 |
Jenkin, H. C. F |
1865 |
|
Jenkins, R |
1841 |
||
|
I |
Jenkinson, R. B |
1794 |
|
|
. |
. 1769 |
Jenner, E |
1789 |
|
^.B. . |
. 1850 |
Jenner,W |
1864 |
|
irl of (see North |
cote,S.E.). |
Jennings, J. . |
1779 |
|
r. |
. 1769 |
Jennings, P. . |
1821 |
|
. 1793 |
Jervis, T. B |
1838 |
|
|
. |
. 1853 |
Jervis-Smith (see Smith, F. J.). |
|
|
. |
. 1712 |
Jervois, W. F. D |
1888 |
|
1813 |
1842 |
||
|
. 1747 |
Jessel, G. ..... |
1880 |
|
|
c. ! ! |
. 1692 |
Jett, T |
1714 |
|
. |
. 1663 |
Jevons, W. S |
1872 |
|
. . |
. 1673 |
Jodrell, P |
1781 |
|
. |
. 1801 |
JodreIl,R.P |
1772 |
|
. |
. 1698 |
Johnson, C. W |
1842 |
|
evalier A. d' |
. 1814 |
Johnson, E. J. |
1836 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol 1 I 1 I o\VS iv,
Johnson, G. . Johnson, G. H. S. . Johnson, J. R. Johnson, M. J. Johnson, P. N. Johnson, R. A. Johnston, A. . Johnston, A. R. Johnston, J. F. W. . Johnstone, J.
Joly, C.J
Joly, J
Jones, C. H
Jones, H
Jones, H. B
Jones, H.O
Jones, J. V. . Jones, R. Jones, R.
Jones, T
Jones, T
Jones, T. R
Jones, T. R
Jones, T.W
Jones, W
Jones, W
Jones, W
Jordan, G. W.
Jordis, J. P
Joseph, Crown Prince of Sweden
Joule, J. P
Joye, C. Juan[-y-Santacilla], J. .
Judd, J. W
Jukes, J. B. . Jukes-Browne, A. J. Jurin, J., Jurin, J. Jussieu, A. . Jussieu, A. L. de . Jussieu, B. de Justamond, J. O. .
Justel, H
Justice, J
K
Kane,R.J. .... Kastner, A. G.
Kater, E
Kater,H
Kay, J. H
Kaye, J.
Kaye, J. W
Kaye, R
Kayser, H. . Kearney, J. .
Keate, G
Keate,T
Keck,R
Keckringius, T.
Keene,B. .
Keill, J.
Keill,J.
Keith, Lord (see Elphinstone, G.
MM 1817
Is:,.,
lH4»i
ITss 1810
isir,
1811
1904
!*'.»•_» I8QO 1723
lS4(i
1894 1663
1800
K.).
1844 1872 1840 1711 1772 1775 1800 1681 1826 1850 1748 1749 1877 1853 1909 1717 1756 1718 1829 1727 1775 1681 1730
1849 1789 1840 1814 1846 1811 1866 1765 1911 1806 1766 1794 1713 1677 1744 1700 1711
K,kMl,, \
Kftball. H
Kelvin. Lord (•» Thoottoo
Kempe. A. B.
'
Kennedy. A. B. W. .
lioott, B.
B r.
m. T. . i son, R. M.
Ki-t«-H,..v. A. .
Ketclboy. R. .1. .
Key, T H
Keyuler. J. G.
Ki.ii, -. ;
Ki.id". .1.
Kidaton, K. .
Kiernan, F. .
Killaloe, Bp. of (see Barnar
Kincardine, Earl of
Kll.rk, I'. .
King, A. King,E. King, E. King, G. King, J.
King, J
King,J. G. .
King, Lord ....
King, Lord ....
King, P. P
King.W. .
Kingsburgh, Lord (see Maodooi
.). II. A.). Kingston, J. . Kinnaird, Lord KinnouU, Earl of (we Dapplin. 1
count).
Kinski, P
Kipping, F. S.
KippiH, A
Kirby.J
Kirby, W. . Kirch, C. .
lihoff, G. R. .
Kirk. . I
Kirke.T
Kirkman, I I' Kirkwall, Viscount K u wan, R. . Kitaaato, S. Klaproth, M. H. Kl.-in. K. K - Kl.-in. F. Kl««in..l I K ! mgenstienia, 8. .
IMI
ITU
i: .;
lult 1776
i : >,
IMS
tm
m •
1767
1076
IT7I
\am
IflM
IT"',
MM
1731
MM
1779 1767
I9M IfTft 1M7 IMt MM
I90« 1796
vm
45(5
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Knatchbull E |
. 1802 |
Lantsheer, J. F. |
1756 |
|
Knight, G. . |
. 1745 |
Lany, E. ..... |
1692 |
|
Knight, H. G. |
. 1841 |
Laplace, P. S |
1789 |
|
Knight, J. . |
. 1706 |
Lapworth, A. .... |
1910 |
|
Knight, J. L. |
. 1830 |
Lapworth, C. .... |
1888 |
|
Knight, R. . |
. 1741 |
Larcom, T. A |
1844 |
|
Knight, T. A. |
. 1805 |
Lardner, D |
1828 |
|
Knowles F. C. |
. 1830 |
Larkins, W |
1796 |
|
Knowles, J. . |
. 1821 |
Larmor, J |
1892 |
|
Knox, G. . |
. 1802 |
Lashley, T |
1768 |
|
Koch,R. . |
. 1897 |
Lassell,W |
1849 |
|
Kohlrausch, F. |
. 1895 |
Latham, J. . |
1775 |
|
Kolbe,A.W.H. . |
. 1877 |
Latham, J. . |
1801 |
|
Koleseri de Keres-eer, S. |
. 1729 |
Latham, R. G |
1848 |
|
Kolliker, A. von . |
. 1860 |
Latham, W |
1796 |
|
Komarzewski, J. . |
. 1792 |
Lander, J |
1772 |
|
Konig, C. D. E. . |
. 1810 |
Lavater, J. R |
1708 |
|
Kopp, H. |
. 1888 |
• Lavington, Lord (see Payne, R.). |
|
|
Kowalewski, A. O. |
. 1885 |
Lavoisier, A. L |
1788 |
|
Krieg, D. |
. 1698 |
Law, G. H |
1814 |
|
Krienberg, — von . |
. 1713 |
Law, J. ..... |
1783 |
|
Kronecker, H. |
. 1909 |
Lawes, J. B. . |
1854 |
|
Kronecker, L. |
. 1884 |
Lawrence, E. |
1708 |
|
Krusenstern, A. J. von . |
. 1837 |
Lawrence, J. .... |
1673 |
|
Kuckahn, T. S. . |
. 1772 |
Lawrence, T. |
1822 |
|
Kiihne, W. . |
. 1892 |
Lawrence, W. .... |
1813 |
|
Kummer, E. E. |
. 1863 |
Lawry, J. |
1742 |
|
Kupffer, A. T. |
. 1846 |
Lawson, H |
1840 |
|
Kyd, A. ... |
. 1820 |
Lawson, J |
1812 |
|
Lawson, W |
1718 |
||
|
L |
Lax, W |
1796 |
|
|
Lacaille, N. L. de . |
. 1760 |
Layard, C. P |
1778 |
|
Lacaze-Duthiers, H. de . |
. 1897 |
Layard, D. P |
1746 |
|
Lacepede, B. G. . |
. 1806 |
Lea, A. S |
1890 |
|
La Condamine, C. M. de . |
. 1748 |
Leach, W. E |
1816 |
|
Lagrange, J. L. M. . |
. 1791 |
Leake, W. M |
1815 |
|
Laing, D. |
. 1843 |
Leathes, J. B. |
1911 |
|
Lake, T. |
. 1666 |
LeBel, J. A. . . . . |
1911 |
|
Lalande, J. J. |
. 1763 |
LeCat, C. N |
1739 |
|
Lamb, H. . |
. 1884 |
Le Couteur, J. |
1843 |
|
Lambe, R. . |
. 1758 |
Le Despencer, Lord (see Dashwood, |
|
|
Lambert, A. B. |
. 1791 |
F.). |
|
|
Lambton, W. |
. 1817 |
Lediard,T |
1742 |
|
Lament, J. . |
. 1852 |
LeDran, H. F |
1744 |
|
Lamotte, C. . |
. 1727 |
LeDuc,A |
1722 |
|
Lamplugh, G. W. . |
. 1905 |
Lee, A |
1766 |
|
. 1706 |
Lee, J |
1781 |
|
|
Landen, J. . |
. 1766 |
Lee,J |
1831 |
|
Lane, J. |
. 1677 |
Lee,J.P |
1849 |
|
Lane, R. |
. 1692 |
Lee, R |
1830 |
|
Lane,T. |
. 1770 |
Lee, S |
1798 |
|
Lane-Fox, A. H. . |
. 1876 |
Lee,W |
1748 |
|
Laney, B. . |
. 1666 |
Leeds, Duke of .... |
1739 |
|
Lang, W. H. . |
1911 |
Lees, C. H |
1906 |
|
Lange, J. de . |
. 1735 |
Leeson, H. B. |
1849 |
|
Langford, W. |
. 1796 |
Leeuwenhoeck, A. van . |
1679 |
|
Langham, J. . |
. 1677 |
Le Febure N |
1663 |
|
l^angley, J. N. |
. 1883 |
Lefevre, C. S |
1796 |
|
Langley, S. P. |
. 18!).-, |
Lefevre, G. J. S |
1899 |
|
Langny, T. F. de . |
. 1718 |
Lefevre, J. G. S |
1820 |
|
Langrish, B. . |
. 1734 |
Lefroy, J. H. |
1848 |
|
Lankester, E. |
. 1845 |
Le Gassick, J. |
1673 |
|
Lankester, E. R. . |
. 1875 |
Le Gendre, A. M |
1789 |
|
Lansdowne, Marquess of |
. 1811 |
Legge, E |
1735 |
ALPHABETICAL LI SI <>1 1
5,H.B
T
LeHunt.W
Leibknecht, J. G. .
Leibniz, G. W
Leicester, Earl of (see De Ferrars,
Lord).
Leicester, Earl of (see Lovel, Lord). Leicester, R. Leigh, C. Leighton, E. . Leishman, W. B. Leith,T.F. . Le Marchant, A. Lemon, C. . LeNeve,P. . Leonard, D. B. Leopold, J. F. Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany L'Epinasse, C. Leprotti, A. . Le Roy, C. . Le Roy, J. B.
Le Sage, G. L.
Leslie, J.
Leslie, P. D. .
Le Sue, J. J. .
Le Sueur, T. .
Letch, J. .
Le Thieuillier, L. J.
Lethieullier, S.
Leti, G.
Lettsom, J. C.
Leuckart, R.
Le Vassor, M.
Lever, A.
Lever, J.
Leveret, J. .
Le Verrier, U. J. J. .
Lewin, J.
Lewis, G.
Lewis, T. F. .
Lewis, T. F. .
Lewis, T. L. .
Lewis, W. .
Lewis, W. J. .
Lewisham, Viscount
Leybourn, T.
Leydig, F. von
Leyonbergh, J.
Leyoncrona, C. de
L'Huilier, S. .
Lichtenberg, G. C. .
Liddell, J. .
Lie, S. .
Lieberkuhn, J. N. .
Liebig, J.
Lieutaud, J. .
Lightfoot, J.
Ligonier, J. .
Lihou, J. .
Limbourg, J. P. de .
Limerick, Bp. of (see Graves, C.).
1744 L8U
IMiT
LTfifl 1073
IT-Jl H;X;,
1910 1781
1711
1705
1709
1816
1838
1767
1734
1770
1773
1775
1807
1781
1760
1741
1766
1749
1723
1681
1773
1877
1701
1773
1742
1713
1847
1765
1754
1820
1841
1836
1745
1909
1781
1835
1901
1667
1701
1791
1793
1846
1895
1740
1840
1739
1781
1749
L8S3
1771
Umeriok. Bp. of (•» Jebb. J.).
Lincoln. Bp. of (M» Uwy. B.\ Lincoln. Bp. of <MW PrvCvm
Lincoln. Karl. .t Und,J.
I.M..I.. i
1777
ITU
Undley Lindley. N. Lindsay. Lord Lindsey, Earl ..( . Link, H.F. . Linn*us,C. . !lc.J. . Lippmann, Q.
of
Lisle, T.
.
Lister, M. . Listen, R. l.inlrhales, E. Liveing, G. D. Liverpool, Earl
R. B.).
Livereidge, A. Livingstone, D. Livius, P. .
Llandaff, Bp. of (see Wataon. R.V Llewelyn, J. D. Lloyd, C. Lloyd, E. . Lloyd, G. . Lloyd, H. . Lloyd, J. . Lloyd, J. Lloyd, J. A. . Lloyd, O. . Lloyd, P. . Lloyd, W. F. Lobb, T. . Lobkowite, Prince Lock, J. Lock,W. . Locke, J. . Locke, J. . Lock«-r. K H bookman, J. . Lockyer.C. . Lockyer.J.N.
mi n • im
!• .1
mi
189s) 1764
17)0
iTH
HH
Locock,C. Lodge,O.J. . Ixxlwik.F. . Logan. W. K. Londesborougb. Lonl London, Bp. of (sea £ London, Bp. of (see HowteJ London, Bp. of (see Randolnli. J.
M .«
tm
1T4I I7M
Mil
Ittil
M I
458
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Long, C. |
. 1792 |
|
Long, J. |
. 1663 |
|
Long, R. |
. 1729 |
|
Long, W. . |
. 1801 |
|
Long, W. H. |
. 1902 |
|
Lonsdale, Viscount |
. 1699 |
|
Lonsdale, Viscount |
. 1741 |
|
Lorentz, H. A. |
. 1905 |
|
. 1788 |
|
|
Lorraine, Duke of . |
. 1731 |
|
Lort,M. |
. 1766 |
|
Loten,J. G. . |
. 1760 |
|
Loudoun, Earl of . |
. 1737 |
|
Lough borough, A. W. Louville, J. E. d'A. |
. 1787 . 1715 |
|
Love, A. E. H. |
. 1894 |
|
Loveden, E. L. |
. 1805 |
|
Lovelace, Earl of . |
. 1841 |
|
Lovell, Lord . |
. 1735 |
|
Lovell, Lord . |
. 1739 |
|
Loven, S. L. . |
. 1885 |
|
Lowe, E. J. . |
. 1867 |
|
Lowe, G. |
. 1834 |
|
Lowe, R. |
. 1871 |
|
Lower, R. |
. 1667 |
|
Lowndes, R. |
. 1696 |
|
Lowry, W. . |
. 1812 |
|
Lowth, R. . |
. 1765 |
|
Lowther, A. . |
. 1663 |
|
Lo wther, J. . |
. 1663 |
|
Lowther, J. . |
. 1736 |
|
Lowther, Viscount . |
. 1810 |
|
Lowthorp, J. |
. 1702 |
|
Lubbock, J. . |
. 1858 |
|
Lubbock, J. W. . |
. 1821 |
|
Lubbock, J. W. . |
. 1829 |
|
Lucas, Lord . |
. 1663 |
|
Lucas, R. |
. 1721 |
|
Lucy, B. |
. 1697 |
|
Lucy, K. . |
. 1668 |
|
Ludlow, — . |
. 1702 |
|
Ludwig, C. . |
. 1875 |
|
Luke, J. |
. 1855 |
|
Luloss, J. |
. 1762 |
|
Lunn, F. |
. 1819 |
|
Lushington, E. H. . |
. 1824 |
|
Lydekker, R. |
. 1894 |
|
Lyell, C. |
. 1826 |
|
Lygon, W. B. |
. 1810 |
|
Lyle, T. R. . |
. 1912 |
|
Lyon, G. |
. 1827 |
|
Lyonet, P. . |
. 1747 |
|
Lynns, H. G. |
. 1906 |
|
us, D. . |
. 1797 |
|
Lysons. S. . |
. 1797 |
|
Lyttelton, C. |
. 1742 |
|
Lyttelton, G. |
. 1743 |
|
Lvttdton, Lord |
. 1840 |
|
Lytton, R. W. |
. 1772 |
|
M |
|
|
Macalister, A. |
. 1881 |
|
Macallum, A. B. . |
. 1903 |
|
Mac Andrew, K. |
. isr,»; |
Macarthy,J 1770
Macartney, J 1811
Macartney, Lord . . . .1792
Macaulay, T. B 1849
Macaulay, Z 1821
MacBean, F 1786
MacBride, E. W 1905
McClean, F 1895
McClean, J. R 1869
McClelland, J. A 1909
Macclesfield, Earl of . . . 1818 Macclesfield, Earls of (see Parker,
T., 1711 ; Lords Parker, 1722,
1747).
McClintock, F. L 1865
M'Coy, F 1880
MacCullagh,J 1843
Macculloch,J 1820
Macdonald,H.M 1901
Macdonald,J 1800
Macdonald, J. D 1859
Macdonald, J. H. A. ... 1888
McDonnell, R 1865
McDougall,W 1912
Mace, W 1745
Mace wen, W. .... 1895
MacFarlane, A 1746
McGillivray, S 1838
MacGregor, J. G 1900
McGrigor,J 1816
Machin, J 1710
Macie,J.L 1787
Macintosh, C 1824
Mclntosh, W. C 1877
McKendrick, J. G 1884
Mackenzie, C 1815
Mackenzie, C 1819
Mackenzie, F. H 1794
Mackenzie, G. S 1815
McKenzie,M 1774
Mackie, J. W 1817
Mackinnon, W. A 1827
Mackintosh, J 1813
Mackmurdo, G. W. 1839
Mackworth, H 1777
McLachlan, R 1877
McLaurin, C 1719
Maclear, T 1831
McLeay, A 1809
McLeod, H 1881
Macleod,N 1791
McMahon,C. A 1898
MacMahon,P. A 1890
Macmichael, W 1817
Macneill,J 1838
Mac William, J. O 1848
Madden, F 1832
Maddy, J 1817
Maffei, S 1736
Magalhaens (Magellan), J. H. de . 1774
Magalotti, L 1709
Magee, W 1813
Magnus, H. G 1863
Magrath, G 1819
ALPHABETICAL LIST <>! I I I LOWS
|
Mahon, Viscount . Mahon, Viscount . Mahon, Viscount . Main, R. |
1772 1K07 IVJT MM |
|
|
Maine, H. J. S. |
1 ~ ' H ' |
|
|
Mairan, J. J. d'Ortous de |
||
|
Maitland, E. F. . |
uao |
|
|
Maitland, J. G. . |
1847 |
|
|
Maitland, S. R. |
Is.T.i |
|
|
Maitland, W. |
||
|
Majendie, A. |
Ivj| |
|
|
Majendie, J. J. Majendie, L. |
1768 17'M |
|
|
Major, C. I. F. |
I'.MtS |
|
|
Malaspina di Sannazzaro, Marc |
esed |
1784 |
|
Malcolm, J. . |
1H-J4 |
|
|
Malcolmson, J. G. . |
1840 |
|
|
Malet, C. W. . |
ISO*', |
|
|
Malet,J.C. . |
1SN-J |
|
|
Mallet, J. W. |
1877 |
|
|
Mallet, R. . |
isr,4 |
|
|
Malliet, J. . . |
1767 |
|
|
Mallock, H. R. A. . |
1903 |
|
|
Malouin, P. J. |
1763 |
|
|
Malpighi, M. . |
MM |
|
|
Maltby, E. . |
1824 |
|
|
Malthus, T. R. |
1818 |
|
|
Manby, C. . |
lHf>:{ |
|
|
Manby, G. W. |
1831 |
|
|
Manchester, Bp. of (see Lee, J |
P.). |
|
|
Manchester, Earl of |
1665 |
|
|
Manetti, X. . |
1756 |
|
|
Manfredi, E. . |
1728 |
|
|
Mangles, J. . |
1825 |
|
|
Mann, N. |
1737 |
|
|
Mann, T. A. . |
1788 |
|
|
Manning, O. . |
1767 |
|
|
Manningham, R. . |
1719 |
|
|
Mansberg, A. A. |
1726 |
|
|
Mansergh, J. |
1901 |
|
|
Mansfield, Earl of . |
1802 |
|
|
Manson, P. . |
1900 |
|
|
Mantell, G. A. |
1825 |
|
|
Manteufell C |
1747 |
|
|
Mapletoft, J. |
1675 |
|
|
Marcet, A. . |
1808 |
|
|
Marcet, F. . |
1836 |
|
|
Marcet, W. . |
1857 |
|
|
Marchmont, Earl of |
1753 |
|
|
Marignac, J. C. G. de |
1881 |
|
|
Marinoni, G. G. |
1745 |
|
|
Markham, C. R. . |
1873 |
|
|
Markham, G. |
1708 |
|
|
Markham (see Salisbury, R. A |
)• |
|
|
Markland, J. H. . |
1816 |
|
|
Marlborough, Duke of . Marlborough, Duke of . Marpurgher, P. J. . Marr, J. E. . |
1743 1786 1715 1891 |
|
|
Marryat, F. . Marsden, W. . |
1819 17SI! |
|
|
Marsh, H. |
1801 |
|
|
Marsh, J. E. . |
I'M Mi |
|
|
Marshall, A. M. . |
1 ss.-i |
JkUr»h*l! H Mamh.ll.. I .
' .M.ir-hun. I:
M..IMJ,. 1. »
Ma^h. (;.
Martin. M. . Martm.S. M. (
.
U
ITVt
•
Marum, M. van MMoart,£.r MMen».F. .
Maskelynr. N Maakclynr.X.S. .
7 vi
•M
...
Maaferan,- Prince de . MMWV. K M
MMM>D,.J Marten, M. T.
Mat.un. \ Math,
Mather, T. . Mathwon..!.. Mathew, W. . Mathews, G. H. . Mathia8,T.,l. Maton, W. G. Matthews Mat they. G.
Maty (Matty ). M. . i. IV H Maud, J.
Mamluit. I.
I.. M i'
Maxwell. H Maxwell.. I Maxwell.. I. « Maxwrll.M.
Mayne.J.T. Mayo.C.
Mayow.,1.
K.
Mead, R.
Mean,— . Mdchain. I1. I Meckel.,I.F..
i:-->
; m
IM« 1719
UN
HH
IfMI
tm iim
HM
Medlin.it. H Meennaa.G..
I'-." •
IT* IMt I7M 101 IfM
I7«0
460
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Melbourne, Viscount . . .1841
Meldola,R 1886
Meldrum,C 1876
Mellarede, P. de . . . . 1713
Mel lo e Castro, M. de . . . 1757
Melloni,M 1839
Mrlvill,J.C 1841
Melvill, R 1775
Melville, A 1827
Melville, Viscount . . . .1817
Mendeleeff, D. I 1892
Mendip, Baron (see Ellis, W.).
Mendoca, Diego de 1735
Mendoza y Rios, J. . . .1793
Menkenius, J. B 1699
Menzicoff, Prince A. de . . . 1714
Mercator,N 1666
Mercer, J , . 1852
Meredith, R 1681
Meredith, W. G 1830
Meres, J 1718
Meres, J 1723
Merewether, J 1838
Merret, C 1663
Merrifield, C. W 1863
Merrill, J 1744
Mes.sel,R 1912
Messier, C 1764
Metcalfe,P 1790
Metchnikoff, E 1895
Meuschen, F. C 1764
Meyrick,E 1904
Meyrick,J 1800
Mryrick, O. P 1776
Miall,L.C 1892
Michaelis, J. D 1789
Michaelotti, P. A 1718
Michell,J 1760
Michell, J. H 1902
Michell,R 1774
Michelson, A. A 1902
Mickleton, J 1718
Middleton, B 1687
Middleton, C 1737
.Middleton, Lord . . . .1787 Middleton, Lord (see Willoughby, T.).
Middleton, T. F 1814
Miers,H. A 1896
Miers,,T 1843
Miles, H 1743
Mil«'s, T 1721
Mil lor, G. . .1827
Milh-r, J. . . 1843
Miller, J.F 1850
Miller, P 1729
Mil lor, W. A. . . . . 1845
Mill<T,W.H 1838
Mi I IPS, D 1674
Millcs, E 1746
Millrs. J 1742
Millcs, .1 1775
Millington, L 1802
Mills, A. . 1799
Mills, K. J. . 1874
Mills, J 1766
Mills, T 1708
Mills, W 1682
Milman,F 1772
Milne, J 1887
Milne-Edwards, H. . . . 1848
Milner,! 1780
Milton, Viscount . . . .1811
Milward, E 1741
Minchin,E. A 1911
Minchin,G. M 1895
Minet, D 1767
Minto, Earl of .... 1836
Minto, Lord 1802
Mirbel,C.F.B 1837
Mitchell, A 1735
Mitchell, J 1748
Mitchell, P. C. . . . . 1906
Mitchell, S.W 1908
Mitford, J 1794
Mitford, W 1749
Mitscherlich, E 1828
Mittag-Leffler, G 1896
Mivart, St. G. J 1869
Modena, Prince of . . . . 1735
Mohl,H.von 1868
Moira, Earls of (see under Rawdon).
Moissan,H 1905
Molesworth, C 1730
Moles worth, R 1697
Molesworth, R 1721
Molesworth, R 1786
Molesworth, W 1835
Molieres, J. P. de .... 1728
Molinelli, P. P 1749
Moltke, A. G 1764
Molyneux, D 1735
Molyneux, S 1712
Molyneux, T 1686
Molyneux, W 1685
Monceaux, A 1670
Moncrieff,A 1871
Mond, L 1891
Money, W. T 1818
Monnier, L. G. le . . . .1744
Monnier, P. C. le .... 1739
Monro, A 1723
Monro, C 1821
Monro, D 1766
Monson, J 1684
Montagny, J. de . . . . 1739
Montagu, C 1695
Montagu, Duke of . . . . 1717
Montagu, E 1745
Montagu, E. W 1750
Montagu, F IT'):.'
Montagu, M 17!).".
Montaudouin, N. de . . . 1748
Monte, L 1716
Monteagle, Lord .... 1841
Montefiore, M. H lS3r,
Monteith, W 1845
Montesquieu, C. de Secondat . . 1729
Montesquieu, J. B. . . . 1744
ALPHABETICAL LIST CM I u.IjOWS 401
|
Montgomerie, T. G. . . . 1872 |
||||
|
Montgomery (see Pembroke and |
||||
|
Montgomery, Earl of). |
||||
|
Montigny, C. D. T. de Montijo, Conde de . |
L7M |
|||
|
Montmort, P. R. de |
L71K |
|||
|
Montrose, Duke of . |
||||
|
Montyon, A. J. B., Baron |
de |
|||
|
Moor, E. |
iaoe |
|||
|
Moore, B. |
LOIS |
|||
|
Moore, C. |
17« |
|||
|
Moore, D. |
1810 |
|||
|
Moore, G. . |
is:?:, |
|||
|
Moore, J. |
1674 |
|||
|
Moore, J. |
L679 |
|||
|
Moore, J. |
171., |
|||
|
Moore, J. A. . |
ISKi |
|||
|
Moore, J. C. . |
L8M |
|||
|
Moore, T. E. L. |
lsr,4 |
|||
|
Morand, J. F. C. |
1769 |
|||
|
Morand, S. F. |
1728 |
|||
|
Moray, R. |
1663 |
|||
|
Mordaunt, T. O. |
17! Mi |
|||
|
More, H. |
1664 |
|||
|
More, R. |
17'J'.» |
|||
|
Moreau, C. . |
1827 |
|||
|
Morell, T. . |
1768 |
|||
|
Morgagni, G. |
1722 |
|||
|
Morgan, A 1663 |
||||
|
Morgan C .... 1816 |
||||
|
Morgan, C. L. |
, |
1899 |
||
|
Morgan, C. O. |
1832 |
|||
|
Morgan, J. . |
1765 |
|||
|
Morgan, W. . |
1790 |
|||
|
Morichini, D. P. |
1827 |
|||
|
Morier, J. |
1819 |
|||
|
Morison, W. . |
1842 |
|||
|
Morland, B. . |
1706 |
|||
|
Morland, J. . |
1703 |
|||
|
Morland, S. . |
1704 |
|||
|
Morland, S. . |
1722 |
|||
|
Morley, Earl of (see |
Bori |
gdon |
Lore |
. |
|
Morley, G. . Morley, J. |
1666 IS'.fJ |
|||
|
Morosini, L. . |
1763 |
|||
|
Morpeth, Lord |
1795 |
|||
|
Morpeth, Viscount |
1847 |
|||
|
Morris, C. |
1757 |
|||
|
Morris, E. |
1812 |
|||
|
Morris, G. P. . |
1805 |
|||
|
Morris, J. C. . |
1831 |
|||
|
Morris, M. . |
1764 |
|||
|
Morris, R. H. |
1755 |
|||
|
Morrison, R. . |
1825 |
|||
|
Morse, L. |
1766 |
|||
|
Morse, R. . |
1789 |
|||
|
Mortimer, C. . |
1728 |
|||
|
Mortimer, J. . |
1705 |
|||
|
Morton, C. . |
1752 |
|||
|
Morton, Earl of |
1785 |
|||
|
Morton, Earls of (see also under |
||||
|
Aberdour). „ |
||||
|
Morton, J. . |
. I! N
MOM.J.W. .
Moultou.1'. .
\\
.Mounl«-»*hH.KM|,.| Mount Edgraube. Karl of
Mountmorrr*. Y,M,,UM Mount norm. Earl.-; norm. Ear I. >•
M..M •:, I"
Muir. I:
.
Muuh.a.i. Mulgrave, Lord (ate Phippt. <
Man'.. H
Mullcr. .1. . Munchausen, B. von Munck MunckJey, N.
Muiielrlb. A.. I .....
MuratoruL. A .....
Mure hison, C.
.Mun-hi-'-n. H. I
Murdoch. P. .
Murdoch, T ......
Murphv. K. .
Murray, G. .
Murray, 0. R. M. .
Murray,.! ......
Murray, J.
Murray, Lord J. .
Muachenbroeck, P. van .
Muagrave, Dr.
MiiHgravp. S ......
Muagrave. W. Musgrave, W. Myddelton, J.
Mylne, R. W.
Kb* \\ a
Mytton,J. .
-
... 74t
•
I77T
I7M I«8I
I vi l i ...
i 1 I Mi
174ft INK
1717
H
1771
IBIS
1734
I79H
tm
I
Nairn.-. K. Napcr. \\ Napier. H. I
Sfftir.lt -
MM I77«
IM7
IHI7
462
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Napier of Magdala, Lord |
1869 |
Nivernois, L. J. |
1763 |
|
Nares G S ... |
1875 |
Nixon, J. ..... |
1744 |
|
Nares, R. |
1804 |
Nixon, R |
1801 |
|
Narrien, J |
1840 |
Noad, H. M |
1856 |
|
Nash, J |
1778 |
Noble, A |
1870 |
|
Nasmyth, J. . |
1767 |
Noehden, G. H |
1820 |
|
Natter, L |
1757 |
Noel-Fearn (see Christmas, H.). |
|
|
Naude, P |
1737 |
1809 |
|
|
Nauze, L. do la |
1731 |
Nolan, F |
1833 |
|
Nayler, G |
1826 |
Nolcken, G. A |
1777 |
|
Neale, T |
] (Hi4 |
Nollet, J. A |
1734 |
|
Neave, R |
1785 |
Nooth,J. M |
1774 |
|
Neave, T |
1814 |
Norden, F. L |
1740 |
|
Needham, J. . |
1663 |
Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, H., |
|
|
Needham, J. T |
1746 |
1666). |
|
|
Needhiun. W. .... |
1667 |
Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, H., |
|
|
Neile,P |
1663 |
1696). |
|
|
Neile, W |
1663 |
Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, C., |
|
|
Neilson,J. B |
1846 |
1767). |
|
|
Nelson, R |
1680 |
Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, C., |
|
|
Nelthorpe, E. |
1666 |
1768). |
|
|
Nepean, E. . |
1820 |
Norfolk, Duke of .... |
1816 |
|
Nesbit, R |
1725 |
Norfolk, Duke of . . . > . |
1842 |
|
Nettleship, E. |
1912 |
Norman, A. M. . . . |
1890 |
|
Neuman, C |
1725 |
Norris, E. . . |
1698 |
|
Neumann, F. E |
1862 |
North, F |
1794 |
|
Neumayer, G. |
1899 |
North, F |
1900 |
|
Nevill, E. N |
1908 |
North, G. A |
1782 |
|
Neville, F. H |
1897 |
Northampton, Earl of . |
1663 |
|
Newall, H. F |
1902 |
Northampton, Marquess of |
1830 |
|
Newall, R. S |
1875 |
North and Grey, Lord |
1720 |
|
Newbold, T.J |
1842 |
Northbrook, Earl of ... |
1880 |
|
Newborough, Lord .... |
1715 |
Northbrook, Lord (see Baring, F. F.). |
|
|
Newburgh, J. |
1664 |
Northcote, S. H. . |
1875 |
|
Newcastle, Duke of ... |
1749 |
Northey, W |
1753 |
|
Newcastle, Duke of (see Lincoln, |
Northumberland, Duke of |
1788 |
|
|
Earl of). |
Northumberland, Duke of |
1823 |
|
|
Newcomb, S. . |
1877 |
Northumberland, Duke of |
1900 |
|
Newcome, P. .... |
1742 |
Northumberland, Duke of (see Smith- |
|
|
Newey, J. |
1696 |
son, H.). |
|
|
Newmarch, W. . |
1861 |
Norton, F |
1776 |
|
Newport, G. . |
1846 |
Norwich, Bp. of (see Hayter, T.). |
|
|
Newstead, R |
1912 |
Norwich, Bp. of (see Lisle, S.). |
• |
|
Newton, A |
1870 |
Norwich, Bp. of (see Stanley, E.). |
|
|
Newton, E. T |
1893 |
Nott, T. . . . . |
1663 |
|
Newton, H |
1709 |
Nourse, E. . |
1728 |
|
Newton, H. A |
1892 |
Novell, — Dr |
1681 |
|
Newton, I. . |
1671 |
Nugent, C. . |
1768 |
|
Nicholas, W |
1742 |
Nuttall, G. H. F |
1904 |
|
Nicholl, J |
1806 |
||
|
Nicholl,W |
1830 |
0 |
|
|
Nicholls,F |
1728 |
Oakes, C. H |
1835 |
|
Nicholls,J |
1743 |
O'Brien, L. H |
1773 |
|
Nicholson, F. .... |
1706 |
Odling,W |
18,-)!) |
|
Nicholson, H. |
1716 |
Oersted, H. C |
1821 |
|
Nicholson, If. A |
1897 |
Ogle, J. A |
1826 |
|
Nicholson, R. |
1807 |
Oglethorpe, J. E |
1749 |
|
Xi'-olini. A |
1747 |
Ohm,G. S |
1842 |
|
NicolK A |
1826 |
Gibers, W |
1804 |
|
Nicoll, J |
1765 |
Oldenburg, H. |
1663 |
|
Nk-olson, \Y. ..... |
1705 |
Oldershaw, J. |
1 7S<5 |
|
Nihill.J |
1742 |
Oldham, R. D |
1911 |
|
Niven, C |
1880 |
01dham,T |
1848 |
|
Niven. W. 1) |
1882 |
Oliphant, C |
1713 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST <>l III
|
Oliveira, B. . |
I s.r, Is.,'! ItM L7M Isr.s 1780 1787 1780 1824 1795 isr,-, 1872 1819 is:<<i 1909 1706 1777 1777 1870 1X4:5 1865 IS! IS 1748 iss:, 1733 1667 1817 1838 1855 1834 1727 1831 1752 1663 1755 1783 1682 1873 1851 1715 isr.s 1882 1764 LMI 1831 171't ISI1M 17-Js 1790 |
Palnwmton. VI-M-.,,,I,< PtaMa,H. . l'aman.lt. Paocratti. (J. M. . Panfek.J.de Paouao.ll.. 1).. PuraiW. .J . I'.iri-. C,,,,,'. ,|, i Parker. Lord. Park. Park.-, 1 Parker, T Parker. T Parker, W. . Parker. \V. K Purk^. E. A. Parlrinso. Parkinson, 8. Parkinson Parkyns, T. B. Parr B Parry, C. H. Parry. C. II Parry, W. E. . Parsons, ('. A. Parsons.J. . Parsons, R. M. Parsons, W. . Partridge. H Partridg. Paaley, C. W. Passeri, G. B. Pasteur L |
ITM H HH i:>. I7«l mi ini HH Kl '-•'* tm i«« KM 1- •' m ; IMO i-:.. IM 1797 HH . l-.'l nil IfM . I7«7 MM 1747 |
|
Oliver, D. . |
|||
|
Oliver, F. W. Oliver, W. . Oliver, W. . |
|||
|
Ommanney, E. . Onslow, E. . |
|||
|
Oram, H. J. . |
|||
|
Orange, Prince of . Ord, C. Ord, J Ord, Ralph Ord, Robert Orford,Earlof .... Oriani, B. Orleans, Louis Philippe d' Ormerod, E. L Ormerod, G. . |
|||
|
Ormsby, H. A. |
|||
|
Orr, W. McF Orrery, Earl of .... Ortega, C.G Osborn, J. . |
|||
|
Osborn, S |
|||
|
O'Shaughnessy, W. B. . Osier, A. F Osier, W Osorio, Cavaliere .... Ossory, Bp. of (see Dodgson, C.). Ossory, Bp. of (see Hamilton, H.). Ossory, Bp. of (see Kearney, J.). Ossory, Bp. of (see Pococke, R.). O'Sullivan, C |
|||
|
Ouchterlony, A Oudart, N |
|||
|
Ousley, G Outram, B. F Owen, H Owen R .... |
|||
|
Oxford, Bp. of (see Lowth, R.). Oxford, Bp. of (see Parker, S.). Oxford, Bp. of (see Wilberforce, S.). Oxford, Earl of (see Harley, Lord). Oxford and Mortimer, Earl of. Oxmantown, Lord . P Pacey H B ... |
|||
|
Paston, R. . Paterson. W. Patoun. A. , Patterson. R. Pattinson. H. L. Paul. K. Paule, L. Pavy, F. W. . Pawlet,E. . Pawlow, I. P. Payne, R. . . Payn , U Peach, B. N. . Peachey. J. . Peachey, Sir J. . Peacock, G. . Pearoe,W. . Pearce. Z. Pearson. E. . Pearson. (J. . Pearson.-) Pearson. -F. . |
liiiiiiiiiiiiiiisiiiii |
||
|
Packer, P |
|||
|
Pace T H |
|||
|
Paisley, Lord .... |
|||
|
Palgrave, R. H. I. . Pallas, P. S Palmer, D Palmer, H. R. Palmer, J. . Palmer, R Palmer, S Palmer, T. . |
464
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Pearson, K. . |
1896 |
Petiver, J |
1695 |
|
Pearson, W. . |
1819 |
Petley, C |
1753 |
|
Pearson, W |
1826 |
Petre, Lord ..... |
1731 |
|
Pechell, S. J. B |
1832 |
Petre, Lord ..... |
1780 |
|
Pechlin, J. N |
1688 |
Petre, Lord ..... |
1817 |
|
Pedler, A |
1892 |
Petrie, W. . |
1795 |
|
Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil . |
1871 |
Petrie, W. M. F. . |
1902 |
|
Peel, R |
1822 |
Pett,P |
1663 |
|
Pegge, C |
1795 |
Pett, SirP |
1663 |
|
Peirce, B |
1852 |
Pettigrew, J. B |
1868 |
|
Peirce, J. ..... |
1742 |
Pettigrew, T. J |
1827 |
|
Peirson, P |
1794 |
Pettiward, R |
1755 |
|
Pelham, C. A |
1777 |
Petti ward, R. . . . ' . |
1815 |
|
Pelham, H |
1746 |
Pettus, J |
1663 |
|
Pelham, T |
1800 |
Petty, H |
1696 |
|
Pell, J |
1663 |
Petty, J |
1771 |
|
Pellet, T |
1711 |
Petty, W |
1663 |
|
Pelly,J.H |
1835 |
•Peyssonel, J. A |
1756 |
|
Pemberton, — .... |
1715 |
Pfeffer, W |
1897 |
|
Pemberton, C. R |
1796 |
Pfliiger,E.F. W |
1888 |
|
Pemberton, G. |
1813 |
Pf iitschner, Baron .... |
1731 |
|
Pemberton, H. |
1720 |
Phelps,J.D |
1815 |
|
Pembroke, Earl of . |
1743 |
Philip, A. P. W |
1826 |
|
Pembroke and Montgomery, Earl of |
1685 |
Philipps, E |
1727 |
|
Pendarves, E. W. \V. ... |
1827 |
Phillimore, J. |
1840 |
|
Pengelly, W |
1863 |
Phillipps, T |
1820 |
|
Penn, J |
1859 |
Phillips, B |
1834 |
|
Penn, R |
1824 |
Phillips, C. . |
1829 |
|
Penn, W |
1681 |
Phillips, J. . . . |
1742 |
|
Penn,W. . |
1806 |
Phillips, J. . |
1834 |
|
Pennant, D. . |
1792 |
Phillips, J. A |
1881 |
|
Pennant, T |
1767 |
Phillips, R |
1822 |
|
Penneck, R |
1768 |
Phillips, T |
1819 |
|
Penrose, F. C |
1894 |
Phillips, W |
1827 |
|
Penton, H |
1780 |
Phipps, A |
1812 |
|
Pepusch, J. C. |
1745 |
Phipps,C.J |
1771 |
|
Pepys, L |
1780 |
Piazzi,G |
1804 |
|
Pepys, S. |
1664 |
Picard, C. E. . |
1909 |
|
Pepys, W. H |
1808 |
Pickard-Cambridge, O. . |
1887 |
|
Percival, T |
1756 |
Pickering, E. C |
1907 |
|
Percival, T |
•1765 |
Pickering, R. .... |
1744 |
|
Percivale, J |
1681 |
Pickering, S. U |
1890 |
|
Percivale, J. .... |
1701 |
Picquigny, L. M. J. |
1764 |
|
Percivale, P. .... |
1674 |
Pictet, M. A |
1791 |
|
Percy, J. ..... |
1847 |
Piggott, A |
1787 |
|
Pereira, J. . |
1838 |
Pighius, J. . |
1680 |
|
Pereira, J. R. |
1760 |
Pigot, T |
1679 |
|
Perkin, A. G. |
1903 |
Pigott, G |
1774 |
|
Perkin,W. H |
1866 |
Pigott, N |
1772 |
|
Perkin, W. H |
1890 |
Pirbright, Lord (see De Worms). |
|
|
Perkins, P |
1679 |
Pitcairn, D |
1782 |
|
Pen-in, W. P |
1772 |
Pitcairn,W |
1770 |
|
Perronet, J. R |
1788 |
Pitfeild, A |
1684 |
|
Perry, J |
1885 |
Pitot,H |
1740 |
|
Perry, S. J. . ... |
1874 |
Pitt, J |
1775 |
|
Perry, W |
1678 |
Pitt, R |
1682 |
|
Persall.W |
1663 |
Pitt, W |
1743 |
|
Petavel, J. E |
1907 |
Pitt, W. M |
1787 |
|
Peterborough, Bp. of (MT .Marsh, H.). |
Pitt-Rivers (see Lane-Fox, A. H.). |
||
|
Peterborough, Earl of |
1663 |
Plana, G. A |
1827 |
|
Petit, J. L |
1729 |
Planta, A. J |
1770 |
|
Petit, J. L |
1759 |
Planta,J |
1774 |
|
Petit, L. H |
1807 |
Plateau, J. A. F |
1870 |
|
Petit, P |
1667 |
Platt, J |
1762 |
AUMIAHKTK AL LIST 01 I \\ 3
|
Player, T. . |
1673 |
Pound I |
|
|
Playfair, J |
1807 |
. |
|
|
Playfair, L. . |
|||
|
Plimmer, H. (J. |
1910 |
I < > W <*|| , I l PbwHI. \\ » |
, |
|
Plot, R |
|||
|
Plowden, W. H. C. . |
• r. U H |
- |
|
|
Pliicker, J |
l B60 |
• .:4 |
|
|
Plumer, T |
1794 |
Pb*l M |
|
|
Plumptre, H. |
Po*l. l: |
IMi |
|
|
Plunkett, H. C |
L902 |
Pownall. 1 |
'. I77» |
|
Plymouth, Earl of . Pocklington, H. C |
1907 |
Poynting.-l H |
I9M |
|
Pocock, G |
1791 |
Pratt, l: |
| | . |
|
Pocock, R. I |
1911 |
Pratt < |
. f |
|
Pocock, T |
1727 |
Pratt..! || |
. 1M9 |
|
Pococke, R |
1711 |
||
|
Poczobut, M. |
1771 |
Praeoe, W. H |
|
|
Podmanctzky, J. L. de . |
1780 |
Preston, .1 |
|
|
Poincare, H. . |
1894 |
IgSjSj |
|
|
Poinsot, L |
1 s:,s |
Preston, W. . |
|
|
Poisson, S. D. |
1818 |
Prestwkl. |
H : |
|
Poissonnier, P. .... |
1771 |
Pretyman < |
. I7M |
|
Poland, King of . |
1766 |
Prevost, I' |
!--. |
|
Pole, C.M |
1800 |
Price, B. |
MM |
|
Pole, W |
1829 |
Price, J. |
|
|
Pole,W |
1861 |
Price. H. . |
I76S |
|
Pole-Carew, R |
1788 |
Price, R. P. . |
. 17*1 |
|
Poleni, G |
1710 |
Price, W. |
i: | |
|
Poley R. ..... |
1725 |
Prichard,.I.< |
!«.'.' |
|
Poli G ... |
1779 |
l.-aux, B. . |
|
|
Pollock, D |
1829 |
Priestley, J |
. 1766 |
|
Pollock, F |
1816 |
Prime, S. |
|
|
Pollok,A |
1767 |
Pringle,J. . |
|
|
Polwarth, Lord .... |
1773 |
Pringle,R. . |
IT- . |
|
Pombal, Marquess de (see Carvalho e Mello, S. J. de). |
Prinsep, .7. . Prior, G.T. . |
i NH |
|
|
Pomfret, Earl of (see Fermor, T. W.). |
1842 |
Prior, M. Pritchani |
mm |
|
T>r»r»rl A |
1752 |
Proby, H |
iao |
|
Pond, J |
1807 |
Prony, G. C. F. de . |
. 1819 |
|
Poniatowski, Prince |
1791 |
Prout, W. . |
. 1819 |
|
Ponsonby, W. P. S. • . Pontecoulant P. G. D. de |
1832 1833 |
Prudhoe, Lord Prussia, William IV. King of . |
mm |
|
Poore, E. . |
1772 |
Pujolas,M |
|
|
Pope/W. .... Pope, W. J. |
1663 1902 |
Pulteney. R. . Punnett, R. C. |
mm |
|
1799 |
Purdie, T. |
||
|
Popple, H. Porrett, R. Porter, A. W Porter, G. R Porter, J. . .... |
1737 1848 1911 1838 1749 |
Purkyne, J. K. . Pusey, P. - Putman, H. . Pye,R. Pye-Smith, P. H. . |
i-.': . I7f7 . 1898 |
|
Portland, Duke of . |
1766 |
||
|
Portland, Duke of (see Bentinck, W.). |
|||
|
1837 |
loll |
||
|
Portman, W. Portuga, B. de M Postlethwayt, J. . |
1664 1740 1754 i — i • i |
Quain, R. Qua in, R. Quatrafegwde Bre»o. J. L. A. do |
Il»*4 . 1971 IMS |
|
Pott, P |
i , • >» |
Uucoiwfjorrv. I)uki?<>f |
|
|
Potter, E |
.» |
• » < 1 1 |
|
|
Potter, F |
l •;»;:; 1 1QA |
Quekett, J. T. |
|
|
Potter, T |
\ /H» i — i it • |
rwl* IUf T * A J |
|
|
Poulett,Earl |
1 ,01. |
O^cke ' |
|
|
Poulton, E. B |
1889 |
t |
466
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
R
Rackett, T 1803
Radnor, Earl of .... 1693
Radnor, Earl of .... 1767
Radnor, Earl of .... 1795 Radnor, Earl of (see Robartes, J.). Radnor, Earl of (see Robartes, Lord).
Rae, J 1880
Raffles, T.S 1817
Raine, M 1803
Rainier, J. S 1819
Rainsford, C 1779
Rambaut, A. A 1900
Ramon y Cajal, S 1909
Ramsay, A. C 1849
Ramsay, A. M 1729
Ramsay, W 1888
Ramsbottom, J 1819
Ramsden, J 1786
Ranby, J 1724
Rancliffe, Lord (see Parkyns, T. B.).
Rand, 1 1719
Randolph, J 1811
Ranelagh, Earl of (see Jones, R.).
Rankine, W. J. M. . . . 1853
Ransom, W. H 1870
Ransome, A 1884
Raper, M 1754
Raper, M. . . . . . 1783
Raphson, J. . . . .1689
Rashleigh, P 1788
Rashleigh, W 1814
Raspe, R. E 1769
Rastrick, J. U 1837
Rasumousky, C. . . . . 1755
Rathke, H 1855
Raulin, J 1763
Ravaud, D 1747
Rawdon, J 1744
Rawdon, Lord .... 1787
Rawlinson, H. C 1850
Rawlinson, R 1714
Rawlinson, T 1712
Rawlinson, W 1775
Ray, J. (see Wray, J.).
Rayleigh, Lord (see Strutt, J. W.).
Raymond, Lord .... 1739
Raynal, G. T 1754
Reade, H 1747
Reade, J. B 1838
Reading, R. . . . .1671
Reaumur, R. A. F. de . . . 1738
Reay, Lord 1698
Recanati, G. .... 1720
Redern, S 1765
Redesdale Lord (see Mitford, J.).
Reed, E. J 1876
Rees, A 1786
Rees, G. 0 1843
Reeves, J 1790
Reeves, J 1817
Reeves, J. R 1834
Regnault, V 1852
-id, C. . 1899
Reid, E. W 1898
Reid, T 1806
Reid, W 1839
Reinold, A. W 1883
Relhan, R 1787
Rendel, J. M 1843
Rendle, A. B 1909
Rennell, J. . ... 1781
Rennell, T 1822
Rennie, G 1822
Rennie, J 1798
Rennie, J 1823
Rennie, J 1845
Retzius, M. G 1907
Revillas, D. de . . . 1734
Reymes, B 1667
Reynardson, S 1741
Reynolds, H.R 1781
Reynolds, J. .... 1761
Reynolds, J. E 1880
Reynolds, J. R. . . 1869
Reynolds, 0 1877
Rezzonico, il principe Abondio . 1776
Rich, D 1743
Richards, G. H 1866
Richards, R 1793
Richardson, B. W. . . . 1867
Richardson, J 1825
Richardson, R 1712
Richardson, R 1779
Richardson, T 1866
Richmond, Duke of . . .1723 Richmond, Duke of . . .1755 Richmond, Duke of . . .1840
Richmond, H. W 1911
Richthofen, F. von . . . 1902
Ricketts, C. M 1820
Rickman, J 1815
Riddell, C. J. B 1842
Ridge, G 1810
Ridley, H. N 1907
Riemann, G. F. B. . . . 1866
Rigaud, S. P 1805
Rigg, R. . . • . . . 1839
Righi, A 1907
Ringer, S 1885
Rinuccini, F 1747
Riou, E 1796
Ripon, Bp. of (see Bickersteth, R.). Ripon, Marquess of (see De Grey and Ripon).
Ritchie, W 1828
Rittenhouse, D 1795
Ritter, C 1848
Rivers, W. H. R 1908
Rivinus, A. Q 1703
Rixtel, J. van .... 17M
Riz, D 1766
Robartes, F. . . . . ir>7.'{
Robartes, J 1731
Robartes, Lord .... 1666
Robartes, R 1703
Roberts, E 17<M»
Roberts, 1 1890
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF H \VS
|
Roberts, R. E. Roberts, S. . Roberts, W. . . Roberts, W. C. (aft. Roberts- Austen) |
Is7s 1877 1876 |
Rothachikl. L. W. . I;::;:::.",",'- i: .,-,.-. u |
108 Wit |
|
Robertson, A. Robertson, A. |
17'..:. 1888 |
Ro*lnii.|. H A |
1888 i » 1 1 |
|
Robertson, J. Robertson, J. Robertson, J. |
17M 1790 1810 |
Kowu-y'.lr : I: . . i... Roy, C/ST . |
1787 I8M |
|
Robertson, R. |
1804 |
Roy, W. |
9^^^9 I7CT |
|
Robins, B. . |
1727 |
Royen, A. van |
• /vf I7BI |
|
Robinson, I. Robinson Morris, M. |
1829 171.; |
Royen, D. van Royle,J.F. . |
1*1? |
|
Robinson, R. |
1681 |
999i9 IflTl |
|
|
Robinson, R. S. |
ls.il. |
Ruoker, jCwT '. ' '. |
m9sm IM4 |
|
Robinson, T. . |
1684 |
Rudge, K. |
Wi^WJ 1788 |
|
Robinson, T. |
1726 |
1 |
• |
|
Robinson, T. R. . |
1856 |
-4 |
|
|
Roby, T. . |
1725 |
||
|
Rochester, Bp. of (see Pearce, Z.). Rochester, Bp. of (see Sprat, T.). |
Rumford, Count (eee Thompson, ft.), iker, C. . |
||
|
Rockingham, Marquess of Roderick, R |
1751 1750 |
ay, H \\ Rupert, Prince |
i- i 1884 |
|
Roebuck, J |
1764 |
17*8 |
|
|
Roger, C |
1757 |
RusM'll. R A. U |
|
|
Rogers, G |
1789 |
Russell, 1 |
|
|
Rogers,- H.-D |
1858 |
Russell, H. C. |
1888 |
|
Rogers, J |
1681 |
Russell, J. 8. |
1818 |
|
Rogers, J |
1738 |
Russell. .1. \\ . |
1881 |
|
Rogers, J. . |
1839 |
Russell. Lord .). |
|
|
Rogers, S |
1796 |
Russell, M. |
|
|
Rogerson, J. .... |
1779 |
Russell, P. . |
|
|
Roget, P. M |
1815 |
Russell, H |
I7« |
|
Rokeby, Lord (see Robinson, M.). |
Russell, W. . |
||
|
Rokewode, J. G. (see Gage, J.). |
Russell, W. . |
1888 |
|
|
Rolleston, G |
1862 |
Russell. W. H. 1. |
1888 |
|
Rolli, P. A |
1729 |
Russell, W. J. |
1878 |
|
Rolt, T |
1664 |
Rut: |
1808 |
|
Romanes, G. J. |
1879 |
Rutherford. U . |
1878 |
|
Romer, R |
1899 |
Rutherforth, T. . |
|
|
Romilly, I |
1757 |
Rutty, W. . |
|
|
Romney, Earl (see Marsham, C.). |
Ruysch I |
. |
|
|
Romney, Lord .... |
1723 |
Ryan. K. |
! ••" |
|
Romney, Lord . |
1757 |
Ryan, J. |
I78B |
|
Ronalds, F. |
1844 |
Rycaut, P. |
1888 |
|
Roos, F. de |
1831 |
Ryley, P. |
1888 |
|
Roscoe, H. E |
1863 |
Ryves, T. |
;-,.. |
|
Rose, G. |
1834 |
||
|
Rose, G. ... |
1866 |
. |
|
|
Rose, H. .... |
1842 |
Sabine, E. |
!-- |
|
Rose, W. .... |
1786 |
Sabine, J. . |
1798 |
|
Rosebery, Earl of . Rosebery, Earl of . Rosenberger, O. A. Rosenkrantz, I. Ross, D. |
1819 1886 1835 1713 1822 1758 1828 1794 1901 1867 |
Saochetti. G. Sachs, J. . Sadler. M. T. St. Albans, Duke of St. Asaph, Bp. df (eee Horatey. 8.). St. A St. David's, Bp. of (see feme*. T.). St. David's, Bp. of (see Wlv*. A.£ St. David's. Bp. of (eee Squire, ft.). (Jeorge, Chevalier de St. Hilaik Marque* de (et* Boa. |
1888 IBM 17*7 1748 |
|
T?O™ j r< |
|||
|
Ross, P. ... Ross, R. |
|||
|
Rosse,Earlof (seeOxmantown, Lord). Rosse, Earl of |
|||
|
Rosslyn, Earl of (see Loughborough, A. W.). |
de). tUD, !' |
17*4 |
|
|
Hh2 |
468
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Saint Hyacinthe, P. de . .1728
St. John, O. . • 1719
St. John of Bletsoe, Lord . 1808 St. Vincent, Earl of . .1809
Salengre, A. H. de . . . 1719
Salis, H.J. de . . , 1770
Salis, J. de . . 1740
Salis, J. de ... . 1808 Salisbury, Bp. of (see Burgess T.). Salisbury, Bp. of (see Burnet, G.j. Salisbury, Bp. of (see Douglas, J.). Salisbury, Bp. of (see Fisher, J.).
Salisbury, Earl of . . . . 1784 Salisbury, Marquess of . . .1869
Salisbury, R. A 1787
Sallier, C 1744
Salmon, G 1863
Salt, H 1812
Salter, H. H 1856
Salter, S. J. A 1863
Salusbury, 0 1681
Saluzzo (Saluces), G. 1760
Salvador, J 1759
Salvin, 0 1873
Salvini, A. M 1716
, Sambrooke, J 1681
Sampson, R. A 1903
Sampson, T 1811
Samuda, I. de S 1723
Samuelson, B 1881
Sanders, S 1720
Sanders, W 1864
Sanderson, J. S. B. . . . 1867
Sandilands,A 1711
Sandwich, Earl of . . . . 1663
Sandwich, Earl of . . . . 1739
Sanford, E. A 1832
Sarayva, M 1743
Sarotti, G. A 1679
Saumarez, R 1834
Saunders, A. P 1833
Saunders, E 1759
Saunders, E 1902
Saunders, G 1812
Saunders, W 1745
Saunders, W 1793
Saunders, W. W 1853
Saunderson, N 1718
Saussure, T. de . . .1820
Sauvages de la Croix-Royale, F. B. . 1749
Savart, F 1839
Savery, T 1705
Savile, G 1721
Savile, G. . . . .1747
Savory, W. S 1858
Sa\v bridge, H. B 1822
Sawbridge, J 1739
Saxe-Coburg, Leopold, Prince of . 1816 Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg, Ernest,
Duke of 1787
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of (see
Edinburgh, Duke of). Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Albert
of 1840
Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, King
of 1844
Scarburgh, C 1663
Scarlotti, P 1696
Scarpa, A 1791
Schafer,E.A 1878
Schaffer, J. C 1764
Scheuchzer, J. G. . . . . 1724
Scheuchzerus, J. J. . . . 1703
Scheurer, S 1717
Schiaparelli, G 1896
Schlich,W 1901
Schlosser, J. A 1756
Schmeisser, J. G 1794
Schoepflin, J. D 1728
Schomberg, M 1726
Schomburgk, R. H. 1859 •Schorlemmer, C. . . . .1871 Schreber, J. C. D. von . . .1795
Schroeter, J. J 1798
Schroter, W 1663
Schumacher, II. C. ... 1821
Schunck, E 1850
Schuster, A 1879
Schuvaloff, J. de . . . . 1758
Schwabe,S. H 1868
Schwann, T. . . . ' • . 1879
Sclater, P. L 1861
Sclater-Booth, G 1876
Scoresby, W 1824
Scott, A 1898
Scott, D. H 1894
Scott, G 1747
Scott, G.L 1737
Scott, H. Y. D 1875
Scott, J 1793
Scott, J. C 1800
Scott, R. H 1870
Scott, W 1793
Scrope, G. J. P 1826
Scudamore, C 1824
Seafield, Viscount . . . .1698 Seaforth, Earl of . . . .1772 Seaforth, Lord (see Mackenzie, F. H.).
Seale, J. B 1786
Seally, J 1791
Searle, G. F. C 1905
Seaward, S. .'.... 1841
Seba, A 1728
Secchi, A 1856
Sedgwick, A 1821
Sedgwick, A 1886
Seeley, H. G 1879
Segner, J. A 1737
Seip, J. P 1736
Se"jour, A. P. D. du . . . 1775 Selborne, Earl of (see Palmer, R.).
Selkirk, Earl of .... 1808
Selkirk, Earl of .... 1831 Selkirk, Earl of (,scc Sclscy, Lord).
Sell,W.J 1900
Sellius,G 1733
Selsey,Lord. . . . 1817 Selsey, Lord (see Peachcy, J.).
ALPHABETICAL l.lvi , »| ,. ...
|
Selsey, Lord (see Peachey, Sir J.). Selwyn, A. R. C. . Selwyn, W. . |
1874 ISM, |
iKfefcr' |
|
Senex, J. |
I7-'s |
x.| v»_» t |
|
Seppings, R. Serenius, J. . Seward, A. C. |
1814 1781 Is'is |
•Minnorp. j. . ghboM.C.T.Too oicim»n», ( . \\ . ^ i • \ i |
|
Seward, W. . |
1779 |
»ic\irr, n. » . Silvewtrr, .1. . |
|
Sewell, J Seymour, E. J. Seymour, Lord Shackleford, R. D. Shad well, C. F. A Shad well, J. . |
1880 1841 1808 1792 1861 1701 |
SilvcaU-r. J. S.lv.Mr,-. IV Silveyr*. J. J. Simmon., R. Rim mil U |
|
Shadwe]!, L Shaen, J. ..... Shaftesbury, Earl of ... Shaftesbury, Earl of ... Shaftesbury, Earl of (see Ashley Lord). Shard, I. P Sharp, D Sharp, R Sharp, S Sharp, W Sharpe, D Sharpe, F. W Sharpe, G Sharpe, J. ..... Sharpe W .... |
1778 L88I 1754 1785 1750 1K1M) ISO.i 1749 1840 I860 1764 1754 1826 1769 |
Simon. .1 Simon, w. Simpkinaon. J. A. F. Sirapnon.M Simpaon, T. . 8inu,J. Sinclair,,! 8ix,J. . Skey.F.C. . Skinner, 8. . Skippon, P. . Slanning, N. . Sleath. .1. . Slingsby. H . |
|
Sharpey, W Shaw, G Shaw, J Shaw,J Shaw, P |
1839 1789 1703 1830 1752 1734 |
Sloane, H. . . Sloane, W. . Slusiufi. l: ! Smeaton, J Smee, A. Smee, W. N |
|
Shaw, W. N Shee, G Shee MA .... |
1891 1810 1831 |
Smethwick. F. Smirnov. Smith. A. . . • |
|
1830 |
Smith. A. • |
|
|
QViooro TT |
1675 |
Smith A. |
|
Sheffield, Earl of . Sheffield, Lord .... Shelburne, Earl of (see Petty, H.). Sheldon G . . . |
1880 1783 1664 |
Smith, C.H.. Smith (Smyth ). E.. Smith, E. . Smith, E. . |
|
1784 |
Smith. !•:. |
|
|
Shelvocke, G Shenstone, W. A. . |
1742 1898 1763 |
Smith, F. J Smith, G. E. . Smith. H..I.S |
|
Shepherd, R |
1781 1706 |
Smith.. I. Smith, J. . |
|
1719 |
Smith. ,1. |
|
|
Sherbrooke, Viscount (see Lowe, R. |
' 1678 |
Smit Smith, J. E. . |
|
1715 |
• |
|
|
Sherrington, C. S. . Sherwood, N. Shipley, A. E. Shippen, R Shirley, R. . Short, C. Short, J Shuckburgh, F. . Shuckburgh[-Evelyn], G. A. W. . |
L888 1745 1904 1706 L608 1804 1736 1774 |
M. K Smith, J. P Smith, J. 8. . Smith, J. T. Smith. M Smith. M. . i: Smith. R. Smith, R. A. |
J
! "-•
1779
lilt
IMA
I74A
1*14
I8D
I-.4
rm
1753
1834 1887
1787 1881
I-T
1807 M8I KTH 1808 1818 1818
1808
1801 1881
1795
M8I
1798 1867
470
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
Smith, T
Smith, T
Smith, W. .
Smith. W
Smith, W. H.
Smith. \V.S.
Smit hells. A.
Smithson, H.
Smithson, J. (see Macie, J. L.).
Smyth, C. P.
Smyth, G
Smvtli, J. C
Smyth. \V. W. Smyth. \V. H. Srnythc. S. S. Smythc, \V. J.
Snelus, G. J
Snodgrass, T.
Soame, W
Soane, J.
Soddy, F
Soemmering, S. T. von . Solamlrr. D. C. . Solenthal, H. F. de
Sol las, W. J
Solly, E
Solly, R. H
Solly, S
Solly, S
S..lly,S
Solly, S. R
Solms-Laubach, H. zu . Somers, Lord Somerset, Duke of . Somerville, W. Sopwith, T. SorbiiTo. S. Sorby, H. C. Sotheby, W. Sothehy. W. South, J. *
Southey, H. H
Southwell, E
Southwell, Lord ....
Southwell, R
Souza, G. Merez do ...
Spalding, J
Spalhmzani, L
Spanheim, E. von ....
Sparke, B. E
. \V
Spmce, W. . ...
Spencer, Earl (see Althorp, Viscount). Spcnrcr, Lord ....
Sprn.vr. W. B
SpiM-liiiK, O
Spilnian, J. .
Spoleti, F
Spottiswoode, W
Spranger, J
Sprat, T
Sprat, T
Spratt.T. A. U
Sprengel, H. J. P
|
1677 |
Sprengell, C. |
. 1720 |
|
1816 |
Spry, H. H |
. 1841 |
|
1805 |
Squire, S. |
. 1746 |
|
1806 |
Stack, T |
. 1737 |
|
1878 |
Stafford, Earl of . |
1743 |
|
1811 |
Stafford, Viscount . |
. 1664 |
|
1901 |
Stainton, H. T. . |
. 1867 |
|
1736 |
Stamfer, J. A. |
. 1688 |
|
Stamford, Earl of . |
. 1708 |
|
|
1857 |
Stanford, J. F. |
. 1844 |
|
1663 |
Stanhope, A. ... |
. 1663 |
|
1779 |
Stanhope, C. |
. 1726 |
|
1858 |
Stanhope, Earl |
1736 |
|
1826 |
Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon, |
Vis- |
|
1741 |
count, 1772). |
|
|
1864 |
Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon, |
VlS- |
|
1887 |
count, 1807). |
|
|
1822 |
Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon, |
Vis- |
|
1667 |
count, 1827). |
|
|
1821 |
Stanhope, J. S. |
. 1816 |
|
1910 |
Stanley, A. P. |
. 1863 |
|
1827 |
Stanley, E |
. 1765 |
|
1764 |
Stanley, E |
. 1830 |
|
1743 |
Stanley, E |
. 1840 |
|
1889 |
Stanley, G |
. 1719 |
|
1843 |
Stanley, J |
. 1698 |
|
1807 |
Stanley, J. T. |
. 1790 |
|
1792 |
Stanley, Lord |
. 1859 |
|
1812 |
Stanley, O |
. 1842 |
|
1837 |
Stanley, R |
. 1791 |
|
1823 |
Stanley, T |
. 1663 |
|
1902 |
Stanley, W |
. 1689 |
|
1698 |
Stanyan, T |
. 1726 |
|
1797 |
Stapf, O |
. 1908 |
|
1817 |
Starling, E. H. |
. 1899 |
|
1845 |
Stas, J. S |
. 1879 |
|
1663 |
Stau-nton, G. L. |
. 17S7 |
|
1857 |
Staunton, G. T. . |
. 1803 |
|
1743 |
Stead, J. E |
. 1903 |
|
1794 |
Stearne, R |
. 1665 |
|
1821 |
Steavens, T. . |
. 1752 |
|
1825 |
Stebbing, H. |
. 1765 |
|
1692 |
Stebbing, H. |
. 1845 |
|
1734 |
Stebbing, T. R. R. |
1896 |
|
1663 |
Steenstrup, J. J. S. |
. 1863 |
|
1669 |
Steevens, G. . |
. 1767 |
|
1797 |
Stehelin, J. de |
. 1773 |
|
1768 |
Stehelin, J. P. |
. 1739 |
|
1678 |
Steigertahl, J. G. . |
. 1714 |
|
1810 |
Stenhouse, J. |
. 1848 |
|
1812 |
Stephens, A. J. |
. 1832 |
|
1834 |
Stephens, F. . |
. 1793 |
|
Stephens, P. . |
. 1771 |
|
|
1698 |
Stephens, T. . |
. 171 Hi |
|
1900 |
Stephens, W. |
. 1718 |
|
1700 |
Strphenson, R. |
. 1S4'.» |
|
1734 |
Stepney, G |
. l(i!)7 |
|
1696 |
Sterling, R |
. 1775 |
|
1853 |
Steuart, J. R. |
. 1829 |
|
1791 |
Stevens, H. S. |
. 1740 |
|
1663 |
Stevens, J. . |
1 734 |
|
1711 |
Stevenson, W. F. . |
. 1811 |
|
1856 |
Stewart, B |
. 1862 |
|
1878 |
Stewart, C |
. 1896 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOWS
Stewart, D
Stewart, J. .
Stewart, M. .
Stiernhielm, G.
Stiles, F. H. E. .
Stillingfleet, E.
Stinton, G. .
Stirling, C. .
Stirling, E. C.
Stirling, E. H.
Stirling, J. .
Stirling, J. .
Stirling, W. .
Stockier, F. de B. G.
Stodart, J. .
Stokes, C. .
Stokes, G. G.
Stokes, W. .
Stone, E.
Stone, E. J. .
Stoney, B. B.
Stoney, G. G.
Stoney, G. J.
Storer, J.
Storey, A. M. R. .
Stormont, Viscount
Stowell, Baron (see Scott, W
Stracey, E. .
Strachey, J. .
Strachey, R..
Strafford, Earl of (see Byng,
Strafforde, Earl of
Strahan, A. .
Strange, A. .
Strange, J. .
Strangeways, G. .
Strangford, Viscount
Strangways, W. T. H. F.
Strasburger, E.
Stratford, W. S. .
Strathcona, Lord .
Strathmore, Earl of
Stratico, S. .
Straton, G. F.
Stratton, J. .
Strickland, H. E. .
Stromeyer, F.
Strutt, J. W.
Strutt, R. J. .
Strutt, W. .
Struve, F. G. W. .
Struve, 0. W.
Struyck, N. .
Strzelecki, P. E. de
Stuart, A.
Stuart, C.
Stuart, J.
Stuart (Stewart), N.
Stubs, P.
Stukeley, W.
Sturm, J. C. F.
Suasso, A. L.
Sudeley, Lord
Suess, E.
G. S.).
|
1814 |
Sullivan. R. J. . |
! .- • |
|
1776 |
Sumner, (i. H. |
ITfO |
|
1764 |
oumner , J. B. |
MM |
|
L6M |
Sunderland. Karl of (tee 8peae»r. Lord*. |
|
|
Superville, D. de . |
! H |
|
|
1688 |
Supple. R.B. |
; -- |
|
1776 |
Sunacx, Duke of |
MM |
|
MM |
Su*m«x. Karl of . |
|
|
1803 |
Sutherland, A. 1 |
MM |
|
ls:{s |
Sutherland, A 1 |
'- |
|
L1M |
Sutherland'. Dukr of . |
|
|
1002 |
Swaineon, W. |
MM |
|
1801 |
Swan. .1. \\ |
MM |
|
IM'.I |
Swanaton. C. '1 |
i- 1 |
|
1821 |
-... . :, :. \ . • |
|
|
1821 |
of |
|
|
1051 |
Swieten, 0. van . |
|
|
1861 |
Swinburne, J. |
! ..-. |
|
1726 |
Swinburne, J. E. . |
|
|
1009 |
Swinden, P. van |
|
|
1881 |
Swinhoe, R. . |
MM |
|
1011 |
Swinney, 8. . |
|
|
1861 |
S win ton, J. . |
! . . • |
|
1816 |
Sydenham, P. |
i;..- |
|
1823 |
Sykes, W. II |
MM |
|
1600 |
Sylvester, J. J. |
1S30 |
|
Sylvius,.!. |
MM |
|
|
1810 |
Byrne* M. |
MM |
|
1710 |
Symington, J. |
1901 |
|
1864 |
Symmer, R. . |
|
|
1667 |
Symmons, J. Symonda, W. |
r.-.t U . |
|
1003 |
Symons, G. J. |
MM |
|
1864 |
||
|
1766 |
T |
|
|
1673 |
Tacchini, P. . |
1801 |
|
1826 |
TaglinU. |
IT. J |
|
1821 |
Tait, A. C. |
1 * i |
|
1801 |
Talbot, C. R. M. |
1- ! |
|
1832 |
Talbot, Earl . |
i-i : |
|
1004 |
Talbot, G. • |
i- • . |
|
1732 |
Talbot, J. . |
Ml ; |
|
1764 |
Talbot, W. H. Fox |
M i |
|
1807 |
Talbot, W. . |
i.i.' |
|
1830 |
Talbot de Malahide, Lord |
1 V.H |
|
1 OKO |
MM |
|
|
loO* 1827 |
Tanner, J. . |
I7M |
|
1873 |
Tarbat, Lord |
MM |
|
1006 1817 |
Tattam,H. . Taunton, R. . |
MM |
|
1827 |
Tavel, G. F. . |
MU |
|
1873 1740 1863 1714 |
Taylor, A. 8.. Taylor, B. Taylor, C. . Taylor, G. W |
MM MM , , |
|
1710 |
Taylor, H. M. |
• |
|
1 7-->s |
Taylor, J. • • |
• . • • |
|
1667 |
Taylor, J. |
• . ' |
|
1703 |
Taylor, R. |
i * « • |
|
1717 |
Taylor, T.G.. |
i^«. |
|
1840 |
Taylor, W. . |
, |
|
1736 |
Tchebitchof, P |
1 " • |
|
isss |
Teftte,T.P. • |
|
|
is'M |
Teale,T.P. . |
,s. |
472
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Teall J J |
. 1890 |
Thwaites, G. H. K. |
. 1865 |
|
Teighe, M. . |
. 1774 |
Thynne, T |
. 1664 |
|
Teignmouth, Lord . |
. 1834 |
Tiarks, J. L |
. 1825 |
|
Telford, T. . |
. 1827 |
Tiedemann, F. |
. 1832 |
|
Tempest, W. . |
. 1712 |
Tierney, M. A. |
. 1841 |
|
Temple, R. . |
. 1896 |
Tighe, R |
. 1708 |
|
Tennant, J. E. |
. 1862 |
Tighe, R. S |
. 1793 |
|
Tennant, J. F. |
. 1869 |
Tilden, W. A. |
. 1880 |
|
Tennant, S. . |
. 1785 |
Tilli,M.A |
. 1708 |
|
Tennent, J. . |
. 1765 |
Tillotson, J |
. 1671 |
|
Tennyson, A. |
. 1865 |
Tilney, Earl of (see Castlemain). |
|
|
Tennyson, C. |
. 1829 |
Tilson, G |
. 1735 |
|
Terne, C. |
. 1663 |
Timiriazeff, C. A. . |
. 1911 |
|
Terry, C. . |
. 1833 |
Timone, E. . |
. 1703 |
|
Tessier, G. L. |
. 1725 |
Tissington, A. ... |
. 1767 |
|
Thenard, L. J. |
. 1824 |
Tissot, S. A. D. |
. 1760 |
|
Theobald, J. . . . |
. 1725 |
Tite,W. |
. 1835 |
|
Thesiger, F. . |
. 1845 |
Titsingh, I |
. 1797 |
|
Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. . |
. 1880 |
Titus, S |
. 1668 |
|
Thistlewayte, A. . |
. 1757 |
Tizard, T. H. |
. 1891 |
|
Thorn, F. de . |
. 1729 |
Toalde, G. . |
. 1777 |
|
Thomas, E. . |
. 1770 |
Todd, C. |
. 1889 |
|
Thomas, E. . |
. 1871 |
Todd,R.B |
. 1838 |
|
Thomas, H. L. |
. 1806 |
Todhunter, I. |
. 1862 |
|
Thomas, J. . |
. 1877 |
Toilet, G. |
1713 |
|
Thomas, M. R. O. . |
. 1901 |
Tomes, C. S |
. 1878 |
|
Thomas, N. . |
. 1753 |
Tomes, J |
. 1850 |
|
Thompson, B. |
. 1779 |
Tomline, W. E. . |
. 1812 |
|
Thompson, P. |
. 1746 |
Tomline (see Pretyman, G.). |
|
|
Thompson, S. P. . |
. 1891 |
Tomlinson, C. |
. 1867 |
|
Thompson, T. |
. 1846 |
Tomlinson, H. |
. 1889 |
|
Thompson, T. P. . |
. 1828 |
Tompson, R. ... |
. 1702 |
|
Thomsen, J. |
. 1902 |
Tooke, A. .... |
. 1704 |
|
Thomson, A. |
. 1786 |
Tooke, T |
. 1821 |
|
Thomson, A. |
. 1848 |
Tooke, W. . |
. 1783 |
|
Thomson, J. |
. 1821 |
Tooke, W |
. 1818 |
|
Thomson, J. |
. 1824 |
Topham, J. . |
. 1779 |
|
Thomson, J. D. . |
. 1820 |
Topley, W |
. 1888 |
|
Thomson, J. J. |
. 1884 |
Torkos, J. J |
. 1 7r>L> |
|
Thomson, J. M. . |
. 1897 |
Torrens, R |
. 1818 |
|
Thomson, R. D. . |
. 1854 |
Torres, J. I. de |
. 1758 |
|
Thomson, S. W. . |
. 1770 |
Torriano, A |
. 1691 |
|
Thomson, T. |
. 1811 |
Torrington, Viscount |
. 1817 |
|
Thomson, T. |
. 1855 |
Torti, F |
. 1717 |
|
Thomson, W. |
. 1786 |
Tough, C |
. 1749 |
|
Thomson, W. |
. 1851 |
Towneley, C. |
. 1842 |
|
Thomson, W. |
. 1863 |
Towneley, J. ... |
. 1797 |
|
Thomson, W. |
. 1869 |
Towneley, P. E. . |
. 1812 |
|
Thoresby, R. |
. 1697 |
Townley, C |
. 1791 |
|
Thome, R. T. |
. 1890 |
Townley, G. . |
. 1822 |
|
Thornhill, J. |
. 1723 |
Townsend, I |
. 1749 |
|
Thornton, K. |
. 1810 |
Townsend, J. S. . |
. 1903 |
|
Thornton, H. S. . |
. 1834 |
Townsend, R. |
. 1866 |
|
Thornycroft, J. I. . |
. 1893 |
Townshend, Viscount |
. 1706 |
|
Thorp, C. . |
. 1839 |
Toynbee, J |
. 1842 |
|
Thorpe, J. . |
. 1705 |
Tozzi, B |
. 1715 |
|
Thorpe, J. F. |
. 1908 |
Traherne, J. M. . |
. 1823 |
|
Thorpe, T. E. |
. 1876 |
Trail, J. W. H. |
. 1893 |
|
Threlfall, R. |
. 1899 |
Traquair, R. H. . |
. 1881 |
|
Thruston, M. |
. 1665 |
Travagino, F. |
. 1(575 |
|
Thuillier, H. E. L. . |
. 1869 |
Travers, B |
. 1815 |
|
Thunberg, C. P. . |
. 1788 |
Travers, M. W. |
. 1904 |
|
Thurlow, Lord |
. 1886 |
Trembley, A. ... |
. 1743 |
|
Thursby, G. A. |
. 1816 |
Tressan, L. E. de la V. . |
. 1749 |
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOU .x
|
Treub, M. . .. _ |
||
|
Trevor, J. |
, - . . |
Tjrroonnei, Vfaeowt |
|
Trevor, Lord Trevor, T. |
. 17'Js . 17»i4 |
gfwSTi |
|
Trevor, T. . |
1707 |
Tyion.M |
|
Trew, C. J. . |
1 ~ IT |
|
|
Triewald, M. . |
• 1701 |
\ • |
|
Trimen, H. . |
1 , .1 1 Isss |
HwiMini.C. |
|
Trimen, R. . |
1 B Isv |
|
|
Tristram, H. B. |
• « 1 OOo Ist'.s |
1'lloa, A.de '. |
|
Troni, N. . |
* ' 1715 |
Unwin. W. C. |
|
Trotter, J. . Troughton, E |
'. Iso-j 1810 |
Qpnro -..I «| Upton, F |
|
Trouton, F. T. |
1ST |
|
|
Trumbull, W. |
• . J O«7 / 1692 |
Ure,A. |
|
Trye,C.B. . |
. 1807 |
Uwher, H |
|
Tufnell, G. F. |
1758 |
|
|
Tufnell, S. |
||
|
Tuke, S. |
1663 |
V |
|
Tulk,C.A. . Tulloch,J. . Tunstall, M. . Tupper, M. . Tupper, M. F. Turbilly, F. H. Turnbull, J. . Turnbull, P. E. Turnbull, T. S. Turner, C. H. Turner, D. . Turner, E. . Turner, E. . Turner, G. J. |
. 1822 . 1843 . 1771 . 1835 . 1845 . 1762 . 1791 . 1817 . 1831 . 1821 . 1802 . 1713 . 1830 . 1865 |
viSrti^Vfciount'. Valentini, M. It Valisnieri A. Vallanoev Valltravere. R. de . Valvaaor, .1 Van de Bemd, Vansittart. \ van'tHoff, J. H Van Vrijberge, W. . Varignon, P. . Varley, C. F. . Vater, A. |
|
Turner, H. H. Turner, S. . |
. 1897 . 1741 |
Vaughan, Lord Vaughan, W. |
|
Turner, S. . Turner, S. . |
. 1801 . 1815 |
Vaughan (see Halfonl. H. Vauquelin, L. N. . |
|
Turner, T. H. |
. 1804 |
Vaux, W. S. W |
|
Turner, W. . |
. 1877 |
Vay de Vaja, N. . |
|
Tumor, C. . |
. 1839 |
Veley, V. i |
|
Tumor, E. . |
. 1786 |
Velthcim. |
|
Tumor, J. . |
. 1682 |
Venablen. .1 |
|
Turton, J. . |
. 1763 |
Venn. .1. |
|
Tuscany, Leop. II, |
Grand Duke of . 1838 |
Venturi,M. . |
|
Tuson, E. W. |
. 1838 |
Venuti, F. . |
|
Tuthill, G. L. |
. 1810 |
Venuti, R. . |
|
Tutton, A. E. H. |
1899 |
Verdon,(; 1 |
|
Tweeddale, Earl of ... 1663 |
Vermuyden, (\ |
|
|
Tweeddale, Marquess of (seeWalden, |
Verneuil, P. fi. P. d, |
|
|
Viscount). |
Verney, Earl . |
|
|
Tweeddale, Marquess of (see Yester, |
Vernon, — . |
|
|
Lord). |
Vernon, E. . |
|
|
Tweedie, A. . 1838 |
Vernon, F. . |
|
|
Tweedie, C. . 1819 |
Vernun. \V. V. |
|
|
Twining, R. .1834 |
Vetch, J. . |
|
|
Twiss, R. . 1774 |
• oria. Queen . |
|
|
Twiss, T. . 1838 |
Vieussenx. >: |
|
|
Tylden, J. M . 1820 |
Vignolea, C. B. |
|
|
Tylor, E. B. . 1871 |
Vigny, P. de . |
|
|
Tyndall, J. . 1852 Tyndall, T. , 1762 |
Vigors, N. A. Vifiermont, E. C. d* |
|
|
Tynte, C. J. K. .1834 |
Villirrs. « |
|
|
Tyrawley, Lord . 1747 |
\.lloiaon, J.G.cTAnMe . |
|
|
Tyrconnel, Earl of .1834 |
v,S. |
.
ICt
M -
1746 II
n
•
Ml
I7M
171 -
tm
ITU
UN
tm
ITU IT.'l
MM
mi
M8J
MM I7M
i: I
mi un
1890 1898
lass
1886
474
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Vincent, L. . |
. 1715 |
Warburton, H |
1809 |
|
Vincent, N. . |
. 1683 |
Warburton, J. |
1719 |
|
Vines, S. H. . |
. 1885 |
Warburton, J. . . |
1834 |
|
Virchow, R. . |
. 1884 |
Ward, E. |
1667 |
|
Vivian, J.H |
. 1823 |
Ward, H. M. . |
1888 |
|
Vivian, R. H. |
. 1841 |
Ward, J. |
1723 |
|
Viviani, V |
. 1696 |
Ward, J. W. . |
1815 |
|
Voelcker, J. C. A. . |
. 1870 |
Ward, N. B |
1852 |
|
Volkra,O.C |
. 1716 |
Ward, P. .... |
1681 |
|
Volta, A |
. 1791 |
Ward, S |
1663 |
|
Voltaire, F. M. A. de |
. 1743 |
Ware, J |
1802 |
|
Volterra, V |
. 1910 |
Wargentin, P. .... |
1764 |
|
Vossius, I |
. 1664 |
Waring, E. . |
1763 |
|
Vyse,W |
. 1781 |
Waring, R. H |
1769 |
|
Vyvyan, R. R. |
. 1826 |
Warington, R. |
1864 |
|
Warington, R |
1886 |
||
|
W |
Warner, J. . |
1750 |
|
|
Wade,W |
. 1811 |
Warre, J. A. . |
1817 |
|
Wager, H. W. T. . |
. 1904 |
Warren, C |
1790 |
|
Wagstaffe, W. |
. 1717 |
Warren, C |
1884 |
|
Waldegrave, Earl of |
. 1749 |
Warren, J. . |
1830 |
|
Walden, Viscount . |
. 1871 |
Warren, P |
1813 |
|
Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of |
. 1863 |
Warren, R |
1764 |
|
Wales, Frederick ; aft. Prince of |
. 1728 |
Warren, S |
1835 |
|
Wales, George, Prince of . |
. 1727 |
Warrender, G |
1815 |
|
Wales, George, Prince of . |
. 1893 |
Warwick, Earl of (see Greville, Lord). |
|
|
Wales, W |
. 1776 |
Washington, J |
1845 |
|
Walker, C.V. |
. 1855 |
Waterford, Bp. of (see Mills, T.). |
|
|
Walker, E |
. 1869 |
Waterhouse, E. |
1663 |
|
Walker, F |
. 1791 |
Waterhouse, J. |
1834 |
|
Walker, G |
. 1771 |
Watkins, T |
1714 |
|
Walker, G. T. |
. 1904 |
Watkins, T |
1794 |
|
Walker, J |
. 1774 |
Watson, F. B |
1818 |
|
Walker, J |
. 1794 |
Watson, H |
1767 |
|
Walker, J |
. 1828 |
Watson, H. W |
1881 |
|
Walker, J |
. 1900 |
Watson, J |
1763 |
|
Walker, J.J |
. 1883 |
Watson, J |
1778 |
|
Walker, J. T. |
. 1865 |
Watson, M |
1884 |
|
Walker, R |
. 1831 |
Watson, R |
1750 |
|
Walker, T |
. 1729 |
Watson, R |
1769 |
|
Walker, T |
. 1791 |
Watson, R |
1830 |
|
Walker, W |
. 1737 |
Watson, T |
1859 |
|
Wall, C. B |
. 1830 |
Watson, W |
1741 |
|
Wall,M |
. 1788 |
Watson, W. . . |
1767 |
|
Wall,R |
. 1753 |
Watson, W |
1808 |
|
Wallace, A. R. . |
. 1893 |
Watson, W. . |
1901 |
|
Wallich,N |
. 1829 |
Watt, J. |
1785 |
|
Waller, A. D. |
. 1892 |
Watt,J |
1820 |
|
Waller, A. V. |
. 1851 |
Watts, H |
1866 |
|
Waller, E |
. 1663 |
Watts, P. . |
1900 |
|
Waller, R |
. 1681 |
Watts, W. W. |
1904 |
|
Waller, W |
. 1678 |
Waugh, A. S. |
1858 |
|
\Valli,, .1 |
. 1663 |
Wavell,A.G |
1827 |
|
Walmesley, C. |
. 1750 |
Wavell, W |
1824 |
|
Walpole, H |
1746 |
Waveney, Lord (see Adair, R. A. S.). |
|
|
Walpole, S. H. |
. 1860 |
Way, B. ' . |
1771 |
|
Walsh, J |
. 1770 |
Way, L |
1737 |
|
W;ilsingham, Lord. |
. 1887 |
Weaver, T. . |
1826 |
|
Walsingham, R. B. |
. 1778 |
Webb, F. . |
1822 |
|
Walter, H. |
. 1819 |
Webb,J |
1764 |
|
Walter, J. G. . |
. 1794 |
Webb, P. B |
1824 |
|
Walton, W. . |
. 1837 |
Webb, P. C |
1749 |
|
W;.nley,H |
. 1706 |
Webb, R |
1762 |
|
Warberg, O |
. 1805 |
\\Vbber, W |
1766 |
ALPHABKTIC AL LIST ()i I 475
Weber, E. H. Weber, W. E. Webster, G. . Webster, J. . Webster, T. . Wedgwood, J.
Wegg,G
Wegg, G. S. .
Wegg,S
Weichman, C. F. . Weidler, J. F. Weierstrass, C. W. von . Weismann, A. .... Weldon, W. . .
Weldon.W.F.R
Welin, J
Wellington, Duke of ...
\\Vlls, W. C
Wellsted, J. R
Welsh, J
Welsh, J
Welsted, R
Wenman, T. F
Werlhof,P. G
Werthern, J. G. H
West,J
West, W
Western, W
Westmacott, R
Westminster, Dean of (see Dolben, J.). Westminster, Marquess of Weston, R. . Weston, S. .
Wetenhall, E
Wetherell, C. Wetstein, C. Wetstein, J. J. Wevelinchoven, A. de
Weyland, J
Wey mouth, Viscount (see Thynne,T. ).
Whalley, T
Wharton, R
Wharton, W. J. L. . Whatman, J. Whatton, W. R. . Wheatstone, C. . Wheler,G. . Wheler, G. . Whetham, W. C. D. Whewell, W. . Whichcote, P.
Whidbey, J
Whishaw, J. . Whistler, D. . Whitaker, T. D. . Whitaker, W. Whitbread, S. C. . White, C. . White, J. . White, T. . White, T. . White, T. . White, W. A. A. . White, W. H.
Is.'..
L7M 1844 1847
1758 1777 1753 1728 1732 Issl 1910 Isvj 1800 I7H 1847 1793 1837 1770 1857 1717 1779 1735 1765 1726 1846 1721 1837
1841 1767 1792 1683 1824 1754 1753 1781 1814
1708 1810 1886 1840 1834 1836 1677 1728 1901 1820 1674 1805 1815 1663 1818 1887 1854 1762 1722 1725 1726 1777 1837
I SOS
White, W. H.
U ...... ;, . : ,
\ • ' • I
Wfedamtao.0
\Vigra m. H. Wifberfort. \Vill.r.ilmiM. Q
Wilhrah.un i
Will,. !•: Wiikee, I. . W.Ik.-. .1. Wilk,- Wilkfa
Wilkinson. .1.
WllkiMM,,,. J •
Wilks. S. . Willan. K. . Willrtt.-l. W.
Willett. I;
Will.-x. \
William IV. Kinu , Williams, — . Will,
Williams r.C. H William*. C. .1. H Williams, D.. Williams, J. . William^. .?. . Williams..!. I.. . William-. •». W, Williams, M. William* Williams, S. . Williams, T.. Williamson. A. \V. Williams,,,,. I: Williamson. -I. Williamson. .1. Willumson. \\ Willi-. H. \
Willis, i:. .
Will.- I
Will<»iiL'hl.\ •••: I'MTMun. Lord
WiUoofhbjr, T. .
Wilh^hU.'
WillUL't.l N. I
Will.. Wilmot. ,1.
ITO
-
int
. • 1700 174*
1764 ISM
•'
I7W 1764
i.-.
-. > 1764
•
- • <•
- • ••
- « I7VI
, ,
i- 1744 i- I
MM
1779
476
RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
|
Wilinot, R. J |
1821 |
Wolfius, J. C |
1710 |
|
Wilson, A |
1838 |
Wollaston, A. L |
1829 |
|
Wilson B |
1751 |
Wollaston, C. |
1756 |
|
Wilson, C. T. R. . |
1900 |
Wollaston, F |
1723 |
|
Wilson, C. W |
1874 |
Wollaston, F |
1769 |
|
Wilson, G |
1796 |
Wollaston, F. J. H. |
178& |
|
Wilson, G |
1801 |
Wollaston, G |
1763 |
|
Wilson, G. F |
1855 |
Wollaston, W. H |
1793 |
|
Wilson, H. A |
1906 |
Woolhouse, J. T |
1721 |
|
Wilson, H. H |
1834 |
Woolmorc, ,). |
1830 |
|
Wilson, I. ... |
1831 |
Worcester, Marquess of (see Herbert, |
|
|
Wilson, J. . |
1783 |
Lord C.). |
|
|
Wilson, J. . |
1803 |
Worsley, H |
1705 |
|
Wilson, J. . |
1845 |
Worsley, R |
1778 |
|
Wilson, J. . |
1846 |
Worth, G |
1698 |
|
Wilson, J. T. |
1909 |
Worthington, A. M. |
189a |
|
Wilson, W. E |
1896 |
Wortley, J. S |
1829 |
|
Wilson, W. J. E |
1845 |
Wotton, W |
1687 |
|
Wimshurst, J. |
1898 |
Woulfe, P |
1767 |
|
Winchester, Bp. of (see Morley, G.). Winchelsea, Earl of ... |
1807 |
Wrangham, F. Wray, P |
1804 1728 |
|
Winckler, J. H |
1746 |
Wray, J. (also Ray) |
1667 |
|
Windham, J |
1781 |
Wren, C |
1663 |
|
Windham, W |
1743 |
Wren, C |
1693 |
|
Windle,B.C.A |
1899 |
Wren,M |
1663 |
|
Windsor, Dean of (see Boothe, P.). |
Wren, T |
1663 |
|
|
Winn, R |
1673 |
Wright, A. E |
1906 |
|
Winnington, E |
1805 |
Wright, C. R. A |
1881 |
|
Winterton, Earl .... |
1767 |
Wright, E. . |
1759 |
|
Winthrop, J. .... |
1663 |
Wright,,! |
1843 |
|
Winthrop, J. .... |
1734 |
Wright, R |
1767 |
|
Winthrop, J. .... |
1766 |
Wright, T |
1879 |
|
Wintringham, C. . |
1742 |
Wright, W |
1778 |
|
Wirtemberg, Prince of . |
1797 |
Wrottesley, Lord .... |
1841 |
|
Wislicenus, J. |
1897 |
Wurtz, A. C |
1864 |
|
Wissett, R |
1801 |
Wyatt, J |
1778 |
|
Witchett, G |
1767 |
Wyatt, W |
1769 |
|
Withering, W. |
1785 |
Wyatville, J |
183O |
|
Witsen,N. . |
1689 |
Wyche, C |
1663 |
|
Witt, G. |
1834 |
Wyche, P |
1663 |
|
Wix, S. |
1813 |
Wyche, P |
1745 |
|
Wix, W. |
1810 |
Wylde, E |
1663 |
|
Wood, J. |
1680 |
Wynde, W |
1663 |
|
Wood, J. |
1871 |
Wyndham, — . .... |
1677 |
|
Wood, N. |
1864 |
Wyndham, H. P |
1783 |
|
Wood, R. |
1681 |
Wynn, C. W. W |
1827 |
|
Wood, R. |
1789 |
Wynn, W. W |
1773 |
|
Wood, T. . |
1761 |
Wynne, W |
1794 |
|
Wood, T. . |
1841 |
Wynne, W. P |
1896 |
|
Wood, W. . |
1812 |
WyvilKM |
1711 |
|
Wood, W. P |
1836 |
Wyvill, M. . . . |
1734 |
|
Woodcroft, B. |
1859 |
||
|
Wood ford, S. |
1664 |
X |
|
|
Wnodford, T |
1708 |
Xavier de Menezes, F. . |
1738 |
|
Woodhouse, R |
1802 |
||
|
Woodroffe, B |
1668 |
Y |
|
|
Woodward, A. S |
1901 |
Yale, E |
1717 |
|
Woodward, C. . Iward, H. |
1841 1873 |
Yarborough, Lord (see Pelhara, C. A.). Yarmouth, Earl of ... |
1722 |
|
\V...,dw;ird, If. B |
1896 |
Yarmouth, Earl of (see Paston, R.). |
|
|
Wnodv.-iird. .). |
1693 |
Yates, J |
1839 |
|
Wohler, F. . |
1854 |
Yeats, G. D |
1819 |
|
Woide,C.G. . |
1785 |
Yeats, T. P |
1781 |
|
Wolf. X. M. . |
1777 |
Yelloly, J |
1814 |
ALPHABKTKAL LIST Ol 1 RLLOWfl
Yeo,G.F. .
Yeoman, T. .
Yester, Lord
Yolland, W. .
Yonge, G. .
Yonge, W. .
York, Abp. of (see Dolben, J.).
York, Abp. of (see Stearne, K.).
York, Abp. of (see Thomson. \V.
York, James, Duke of .
York, Edward, Duke of
York, Frederick, Duke of
York, George, Duke of .
Yorke, C.
Yorke, C. P.
Yorke, J.
Yorke, P.
Yorke, P.
Young, A.
|
. 1889 |
Young, (i |
|
'. i •';•!«; |
Young'. J. |
|
17si |
• |
|
. 1748 |
' |
|
. lMi-1 |
|
|
. 1760 |
|
|
1789 |
|
|
1893 |
|
|
1750 |
, |
|
1801 |
Xanotti. K. . |
|
1773 |
i .M. |
|
1740 |
|
|
1849 |
Zollman. I'. 11 |
|
1774 |
Zouobe. Lord (M» Bfathopp. C |
I7M ITU
i • - 1740
i .-;
Aberdour, Lord (Earl of Morton), President,
Addison, Joseph, makes contemptuous reference to the Royal Society
Admission of Fellows, 23, 161.
Airy, Sir George B., President, 204.
Albemarle, Duke of, 22.
Antarctic Meteorological Observations Com- mittee, 270.
Archives of the Royal Society, Statute con- cerning, 157 ; contents of, 236.
Arms of the Royal Society, 22.
Armstrong, Lord, benefactions by, 197.
Arundel House, Strand, meetings of Royal Society at, 27 ; proposal to build a house for Royal Society in the neighbourhood of, 28 ; Library from, 233.
Assistant Secretary of the Society, Statutes concerning, 139, 153, 169, 172 ; list of those who have held the office, 209.
Aston, Francis, benefaction by, 195 ; Secretary, 207.
Athenaeum Club and the Royal Society, 308.
Aubrey, John, 3 note ; cited, 24, 30.
Bacon, Francis, influence of, 1, 3, 5, 33 ;
New Atlantis of, with its design of a
college for research, 2, 9 ; Novum Or-
ganon of, 2, 9. Bakerian and Copley Medal Fund, 174, 195,
224. Bakerian Lecture, list of lecturers and
subjects, 224.
Balle, R., benefaction by, 195. Balle, William, 3 note, 8 : benefaction of,
194 ; Treasurer, 206. Banks, Sir Joseph, President, 203. Barrow, Isaac, 20. Benefactors of the Royal Society, Statute
concerning, 129, 163 ; list of, 193. Bentham, G., bequest from, 197. Books of the Society, see Charter- book. Botanic Garden, Chelsea, 302. Boyle, Robert, 3 ; his Invisible College,. 37 ;
member of first Council, 15, 18 ; his
Christian Virtuoso, 42. Brady Library Fund, 17-"> ; Inquest by
H. B. Brady, 197. Brereton, W., 15. British Museum (created in 1758), received
the contents of the Repository of the
Royal Society in 1779, 38; Royal
Society represented on the Board of Trustees of, 308. Brodie, Sir B. C., President, 204.
menu in. 29 (PlateXlX and X ) Burrow, Sir AM* IW Bute in PO^Mioo of U»
!:.-•-... of the Royal Society. 46.
Cambridge Univenrity. Lowndean (** of Astronomy and Geometry. the Fu^ilm of *e Royal Society an« <**> _Ur
of Board of Carbery, Earl of (Lord VaufbacK PlwMa*
Carnegie, Andrew, benefaction by. 188.
Catalogue of Scientific Papers. #5 ; Go. mittee, -J
' Challenger ' Reports Oommitte*. 870.
Charles II, restoration of. 7 ; rmto t*» Royal Society, 13 ; his interest in the Society, 10, 13, 15. 21. 24. 85, 38. 34. 44 ; Founder and Patron. Iff. 88 ; ii|fiiMiiiJ experiment* to the Society. 32; b* of his benefactions to the Society. 181
Charter, the First, grant".! to* the H Sooiei of, 59-69: the Second. 15. 82.
15, 27, 94-104 ; Enghah
105-14. Charter-book and other books of the Royal
Society, 22; Statutes oonnanrfng. 18ft.
143, 156, 168. Charterhouse School and the RoyaJ Ouuietj.
Chelsea Botanic Garden. 308.
Ch
poeMesionof,2S
.-:.„.--!'..-- ||j ..- .'>•! R
. ••. :'
ftoyal Society , MM Clarke. Timothy. 15.
th« Royal Society.
to. 127, 166. Ootwafl, DM '
,•,,.. • • i: • - •-, • .- • Composition fee of Fellows. 164. Copley, Sir Godfrey, benefaction by. 196.
by. 1W ;
480
INDEX
Copley, Sir Joseph, benefaction by, 197.
Copley Medallists, list of, 210.
Council of the Royal Society, 15, 120, 135, 150, 161, 170.
Cow Icy, Abraham, one of the first list of adherents of the Royal Society, 8, 20 ; his scheme for a college to advance experimental philosophy, 8; his lauda- tory Ode on the Royal Society, 41.
Crane Court, Royal Society's house in, :2i) (Plate IX).
Croone, William, 21 ; benefaction by his widow, 195.
Croonian Lecture Fund, 176 ; list of lecturers and subjects, 217.
Curators of Experiments at the Royal Society, 31 ; Statutes relating to, 125, 163.
Cutler, Sir John, benefaction by, 194.
Daniels, Major, benefaction from, 199. Darwin Memorial Fund, 177 ; Medallists,
215. Davy, Sir Humphry, benefactor of Royal
Society, 196 ; President, 203 ; Secretary,
208.
Davy Medal Fund, 177 ; Medallists, 215. Degree of the Earth, Charles II requests the
Society to measure, 32, 33. Denham, John (the poet), 20. Derby, Earl of, bequest from, 197. Digby, Kenelme, 15, 34. Dirks, Henry, benefaction by, 196. Donation Fund, 177. Dryden, John (the poet), an original Fellow
of the Royal Society, 20 ; his verses on
Bacon and his successors, 41. Dulwich College and the Royal Society, 308.
Earle, W. B., bequest by, 195.
Edward VII, continues the grant of the
Royal Medals, 194. Ejection of Fellows, Statutes regarding, 129,
134, 149. Election, earliest mode of election at the
Royal Society, 11 ; Statutes concerning,
120, 131, 145, 159, 164, 170. Ellis, Sydney, bequest from, 197. Ent, George, 4.
Eton College and the Royal Society, 308. Evelyn, John, 3, H ; his scheme for the
endowment of research, 9 ; one of the
first Council, 19 ; cited, 13, 23, 27, 28, 30,
38, 43 ; remained in London during the
Plague, 26. Experimental Philosophy, rise of, 1, 4, 7, 9,
10. Experiments, as part of the early work of
the Royal Society, 31, 32, 119, 163.
Faujas de Saint Fond, visit of, to Royal
Society, 45. Fee Reduction Fund, 178.
Fellow, use of the word to indicate a member of a scientific body, 2.
Fellows, alphabetical list of, 432 ; chrono- logical list of, 309.
Finance Committee, 270.
Folkes, Martin. 24 ; benefaction by, 195 ; President, 202.
Foreign members of the Royal Society, 104, 169, 171.
Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, Statute concerning, 153, 169 ; list of Foreign Secretaries, 208.
Funds or Trusts of the Royal Society, 1 74.
Gassiot Committee, 270, 302.
Gassiot Trust, 179, 188 ; benefaction by J. P. Gassiot, 196.
Geikie, Sir Archibald, President, 206 ; Secre- tary, 208 ; Foreign Secretary, 209.
George III, benefaction of, to Royal Society, 193.
George IV, founder of the Royal Medals, 193.
George V, continues the grant of the Royal Medals, 194.
George, Prince of Denmark (consort of Queen Anne), signs the Charter-book, 22.
Gilbert, Davies, benefaction by, 195 ; President, 203 ; Treasurer, 206.
Gilbert's work on Magnetism, 1 note.
Glassworkers' Cataract Committee, 271.
Glisson, Francis, 4, 19.
Goddard, Jonathan, 4, 5, 19, 30.
Gore Fund, 180 ; bequest from Dr. George Gore, 198.
Government grant for Scientific Investiga- tions, 280.
Graunt, John, 21.
Greenwich Observatory, erection of, by Charles II, 34 ; early connexion of, with Royal Society, 34, 35 ; Board of Visitors of, 35 ; Warrant for Constitution of, 298.
Gresham College, 3 note, 5, 7, 12 ; account of rooms occupied by Royal Society at, 6, 2H, 28 (Plates I and II).
Gresham, Sir Thomas, 7 note.
Grew, Nehemiah, 31, 38, 41, 207.
Guillemand, J., benefaction by, 196.
Gunning Fund, 180 ; benefaction by R. H. Gunning, 197.
Haak, Theodore, 4.
Halifax, Earl of, President, 201 ; benefac- tion by, 1 95.
Halley, Edmund, 32, 41 ; Secretary, 207.
Hamilton, Sir David, benefaction of, 195.
Handley Fund, 180 ; bequest by Edwin H. Handley, Ifffi.
Harrow School and the Royal Society, 308.
Hickman, S., bequest by, 195.
Hill, Abraham, 21, 206.
Hooke, Robert, 3, 19, 31, 44, 207.
Hooker, Sir Joseph D., President, 204.
Hoskins, Sir John, President, 201, 207.
!M
4M
x;, Henr? (aftcrwartl8 Duke of
Norfolk), 27, 28 ; benefactor, 194 23» Huggins, Sir William. ! 205.
cited, 24. Hughes Mrdal Fund, 181; M-hdli-t.s 216-
benefaction by David K. 1 1 Hunterian Museum and t! ociety,
Huxley, T.H.,Pre.si(lrnt .Jo.-,; Secretary,208.
Imperial Cancer Research F,lm| ;lll,j ,}„.
Royal Society, 308. Imperial College of Science and Technology
and the Royal Society, 308. Indian Government Ar'l\i-<.i\ Committee,
Instruments belonging to the Royal Sori.-t v.
International Association of Aca«i
Committee, 271. International Catalogue Committee. -J71 ;
International Catalogue of Scientific
Literature, 294.
Invisible College of Robert Boyle, :{, 7. Isted, T., benefaction by, 195.
James II signs the Charter- book. ±2. Jodrell Fund, 181 ; benefaction by T. J.
Phillips Jodrell, 196.
Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee, %271. Joule Memorial Fund, 181.
Keck bequest, 182, 195. Kelvin, Lord, President, 205. Kew Observatory, 300.
Lawes Agricultural Trust, ;}i)4. Librarian of the Royal Society, liiii. Library of the Royal Society, Statutes
concerning, 157, 168 ; history of, 233 ;
Committee, 271. Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine and
the Royal Society, 308. Lister, Lord, President, 205; Foreign Sec. 209. London, Great Plague and Great Fire of, 26. London, City of, invites Royal Society back
to Gresham College, 28.
Macclesfield, Earl of, President, -JO-J. Mace, granted by Charles II to Royal
Society, 14 (Plate IV). Mackinnon Research Studentships, 182;"
benefaction by Sir William Mackinnon,
197.
McClean, Frank, bequest from, 198. Medallions, belonging to the Royal Society,
252.
Medallists of Royal Society, list of, 210. Medals in possession of the Royal Societv.
254. Meetings of the Royal Society, days and
hours of, 25 ; early character of, 29 ;
Statutes concerning, 118, 140. l.vi. l.v>.
166, 171.
'
•
nophv. 2
.,„..... H
»ampton,
Offioera of the Royal Society.
MutnuM... ,._,, ,:;,.,--,,,! ,,.
Operators ,vm| Axirty. Xtelvto
«-«,nc.-rninR. !•>. |.-,;j
Onnond, Duke of . appeal to. for aid to tW Royal Society. &
\ Milonophical Society of. «. Oxford Unirwut
ton of which the Pmddmt of th» Royal Society is an ex of do mrmbrr. JW
>maf, benefaction by. 190.
PatenU, referred to the Royal Society. J&
Patrons of the Royal Socici \
Pay menU raado by the Kcikxni of tW
18, 163. 104. 16BL Pembroke, F^rl of. Prwiilrt,- Pepys, Samu.-i. r,f.,|. -.-. j« u ; naiin
in London during the Plagu*. M;
hen.-! Prejkfcnt.
IMiiloaophical TranMOtMNW. 39. 101. I
ians. Royal Collrgc of. and tb^
Rov«l Societv. II
benefaction by. 197. I'irn.-M. A., benefaction by. 19A.
MKV Board) and U»
ondon and the Royal fiookty.M. Poe, Alexander, bin MroMtfe aJhatal to UM>
President of the Royal Sooirt y. liiiinMli former Pwddent*. 12. 1 4. «».
482
INDEX
Printer to the Royal Society, Statute con- cerning, 127, 163.
Privileged persons, election of, into the 1 7-2.
Privy Councillors and the Society, 131, 172.
' Proceedings ' of the Royal Society, 275.
Publication Grant, 287.
Publications of the Society, 39, 40, 41, 274 ; Statutes relating to, 141, 155, 161, 168.
.lohn. 41. Rayleigh, Lord, President, 206; Secretary,
Relics belonging to Royal Society, 237.
Repository of the Royal Society, 37, 38.
Ronalds, Francis, benefaction by, 196.
Rooms successively occupied by the Royal Society, 26.
Fond, 182 ; Earl of Rosse, President, 204.
Royal Irish Academy and the Royal ety. 308.
Royal Medallists, list of, 213.
Royal Medals, 186.
Royal Society, account of the origin of, 4, 7 ; subjects discussed at its early meetings, 5, 10; preliminary list of earliest projectors of, 8 ; modes of election ill .11; earliest proposed organization of, 12 ; name of, when determined, 13 ; ob- tains its first charter, 14 ; true date of origin of, as an incorporated society, 14 ; list of original fellows of, 16, 18 ; arms granted to, 22 ; motto of, 22 ; early unpecunioeity of, 24, 25, 160, 173 ; peti- tions for a grant of lands in Ireland, 25 ; solicits a grant of lands reclaimed from the si a, 2,~> ; petitions to obtain Chelsea College. •_'."> : College granted, 27 ; repur- chased l>y Charles II, 27 ; days and hours of meetings of, 25 ; successive abodes of, 26, 27. 21 » ; proposes to erect a building, 28 ; arrangement of business at the meet ings of, 29 ; experiments at meetings of, 31 ; comprehensiveness of scientific aims of. :>:> ; practical inquiries of, into industrial matters, 34, 36; foreign cor- •ondence of, 35; early committees of, 36 : requested to examine patents of mechanical inventions, 36 ; requested to direct and instruct government officials going alu-oad, 'M • forms a ' Repository of Rarities", "M ; employed an emissary to collect objects in Natural History, 38*; Unman Anatomy undertaken by, with the. ri<_rht to demand the bodies of criminals for direction. :{!» ; the 'Philosophical Trnt . .('. :>!», IM. 27-1 ; separate
works published by, during the first half- cent my, -to, and daring last half of nine- ill' een1 nry, 278; opposition ofiVn-d to. in its early years, 42, 47 : Chart « 48 lit: Statutes of, 117-73; Trusts of, 174 ; principal Benefactors of, 193 ;
Patrons of, 200 ; Presidents of, 200-6 ; Treasurers, 206; Secretaries, 207 ; Foreign Secretaries, 208 ; Assistant Secretaries, 209 ; Medallists of, 210-16 ; Croonian Lecturers of, 217 ; Bakerian Lecturers of, 224; Library of, 233; Instruments and Historical Relics belonging to, 237 ; list of Portraits in possession of, 239 ; Medallions, busts, and statuettes in possession of, 252 ; Medals belonging to, 254 ; Committees of, now in operation, 269 ; Grants and Committees which the Royal Society controls or administers, and Institutions on the Governing Bodies of which it is represented, 280 ; Educa- tional and other institutions on which the Society is represented, 308 ; Chrono- logical Register of Fellows of, 309 ; Alphabetical List of Fellows of, 432.
Rugby School and the Royal Society, 308.
Rumford Fund, 183, 195, 212 ; Medallists, 212.
Rupert, Prince, signs the Charter-book, 22, 23.
Sabine, Sir Edward, President, Treasurer, Secretary, Foreign Sec., 204,207, 208,209.
St. Andrew's Day and the Royal Society, 6, 23.
Schuster, Prof. A., benefactions from, 198, 199.
Scientific Relief Committee, 272; Fund, 183.
Sea, researches in, devised by the Royal Society, in 1662, 33.
Seal of the Royal Society, Statutes con- cerning, 128, 144, 158.
Secretaries of the Royal Society, Statutes relating to, 124, 138, 153 ; List of, 207.
Sectional Committees of the Royal Society, 269.
Seismology Committee, 272.
Sensitive plants, King Charles's inquiry about, 32.
Shad well, Thomas, his play of The Virtuoso ridicules the scientific men of the time. Jf>.
Shrewsbury School and the Royal Society, 308.
Siemens, Sir W., benefaction by, 197.
Slingesby, Henry, 15.
Sloane, Hans, benefaction by, 195 ; Presi- dent, 202 ; Secretary, 207.
Smith, Robert, D.D., benefaction by, 195.
Soane Museum and the Royal Society, 308.
Soiree Committee, 272.
Solar Research Committee, 272.
Somcrs, Lord, President, 201.
Somerset House, Royal Society's apart- ments in, 29.
Sorbicrc, Samuel, 45.
Sorby Research Fund, 184 ; Committee, 272 ; bequest by H. C. Sorby, 198.
South, Robert, D.D., attacked the Royal Society at the Oxford Encaenia, 43.
Southwell, Robert, 21, President, 201.
INDEX
Spottiswoode, William, President, 206, 207. Sprat, Thomas, his History of the Royal
Society, 4, 9, 21, 22, 29, 37 ; an original
Fellow, 20.
Stanhope, Earl, bequest by, 195. Statutes of the Royal Society, 16 ; those
made in 1663, 117-30; made in 1847.
44 ; at present in force, 145-58 ; Notes
on the history of the Statutes, 159-73. Steele, Richard, his sarcastic allusion to the
Royal Society, 46. Sterling, E. H., benefaction by, 196. Stokes, Sir George G., President, 205;
Secretary, 208. Strangers, admission of, to meetings of the
Society, 167.
Sussex, Duke of, President, 203. Sylvester Medal Fund, 185 ; Medallists, 216.
Taverns, early scientific meetings at, 3, 6.
Thomson, Sir William (Lord Kelvin), President, 205.
Travelling Expenses Fund, 185.
Treasurer of the Royal Society, Statutes relating to, 123, 137, 152; List of Treasurers, 206.
Trevelyan, Sir W. C., bequest from, 197.
Tropical Diseases Committee, 272; Ad- visory Board, 308.
Trusts of the Royal Society, 174.
Tyndall Mining Research Fund, 185 ; Committee, 273.
Tyndall, Mrs., benefactions from, 198.
Universities and the Royal Society, 11, 308.
Vaughan, Lord, 201.
Victoria, Queen, continues the grant of the
Royal Medals, 194. Virtuosi, The, 44.
Wadham OoB0f» MM! U» Roy*J So**. 4, Waller. Edmund (the oet). ».
\\--t.. I,,:., ft .:.:.-. m
Wertnineter School MM! U» RoyaJ tab*.
Whfatier,
worth. Joeeoh, tiiiHJMtl«i by. 19* in* John. 1 4. ft. 6. 8. U. It. §97 1
benefaction by. 1M.
\\illiamlV.contintteithegrmnlaCtbellaMl MedaU. 193.
U • I
Willis Thome, 6.
\\ illoughby. Fr*ncU. 10.
Wincheeter College and ihe
\Vinthni|i. .!..!,; Wiiitrnit'ham Fund, 186; tuun. 196. Wolfe, MIM. benefaction, from. 198. Wollaaton. Will
dent, 203 ; SecreUrv. 808. Wren, ChrUtop II. 1». 34;
dent, 200.
Wrottoeley. Lord. Prerident, 904. Wyche, Sir Cyril. Prerideot. 21. 901.
Year-book of the Royal Society. 9T8. York, Duke of (aftemide Jamee H). a%0t
the Charter-book. 22. Young, James, benefaction by, 19ft.
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