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Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology L. O. HOWARD, Chief

Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER December 9, 1920

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER.’

By F. H. CHITTENDEN, Entomologist in Charge, Truck Crop Insect Investigations.

CONTENTS.

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INTRODUCTION.

A small greenish caterpillar, about three-fourths of an inch long when mature, and known as the red-banded leaf-roller, attacks the foliage of beans, sweet potato, asparagus, strawberry, raspberry, and various other crops, and at times attracts considerable attention. Such was the case in October, 1919, when the species was abundant in and near the District of Columbia.

October 9, 1919, the writer, in company with W. H. White, Bureau of Entomology, noted that the foliage of sweet potato at College Park, Md., showed considerable injury near the petioles or leaf- stems manifested by large, irregular, more or less elongate holes between the ribs. Some of these were made by a leaf-miner and had been cut out earlier in the season, but many were the work of this leaf-roller which had tied or joined the leaves in different manners. In some cases the leaves were folded between the midrib and the next rib, and the larva had gouged out a hole about twice this length and half the width. Where the leaves were joined the surface at one end was lined with silk. In many cases the larva joined the leaves near the middle of one side and cut out a similar hole, constructing its tent-like shelter at one end.

A very considerable proportion of the top leaves had been attacked by this species and the leaf-miner, but at the time these observations were made there were many more parasites and parasitic cocoons pres- ent on the-leaves than larve.

1 Hulia velutinana Walk. ; family Tortricidae, order Lepidoptera. 10299°—20

2 BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

October 27, 28, and 31, 1919, Miss Marion T. Van Horn collected this leaf-roller in war gardens at Potomac Park in the District of Columbia on sweet potato and on lima and other beans. The leaf- rollers were found in particular abundance where sweet potato and bean vines grew together. Half a dozen or more larve were fre- quently found in a hill, while many rolled and webbed leaves proved that the larvee had been quite plentiful earlier in the season.

It was noted that toward the end of October and the early days of November the larve rolled the leaves from the sides and from the ends, making a more substantial shelter than when they were imma- ture, and lined it with white silk preparatory to pupation.

The fact is noteworthy that this species was more numerous on sweet potato and beans in 1919 than in previous years, the first being an unrecorded food plant. In former years this species has some- times occurred in raspberry quite as abundantly as the strawberry leaf-roller (Ancylis comptana Froenl.).

DESCRIPTIVE. THE MOTH.

The moth which produces the red-banded leaf-roller is a small. mottled brown form with the fore-wings having an expanse of be- tween a little more than half to nearly three-fourths of an inch (13 to 19 mm.). The pattern of the fore-wings varies to a consider- able extent. In the female there is a large, median, dark reddish- brown band running obliquely from the middle of the costa to the tornus, a subapical, irregular, smaller one, and a third postero-basai patch of the same color. The lighter parts of the wings are pale reddish brown, arranged in irregular bands with borders of- pale yellow and silver white. The hind-wings are infuscated, with wide white borders and an inner ciliary line. The abdomen is dark gray and the tufts of the head and thorax are reddish brown.

The females are usually considerably larger than the males, with rather more distinct and larger patterns.

The female moth is shown in figure 1 with expanded wings at a, and in natural position, when at rest with the wings folded, at 0. Technical descriptions have been given in so many available publi- cations that a more complete one than here given may be dispensed with for the present purpose. The synonymy is as follows:

Eulia velutinana Walker. ; Cacoecia (?) velutinana Walker, 1863. List Lep. Brit. Mus., p. 514. Cacoecia triferana Walker, 1863, 1. c. p. 314. Tortriz incertana Clemens, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., v. 5, p. 138. Tortriz lutosana Clemens, 1865, 1. ¢.. p. 138. Lophoderus triferanus Walker, Walsingham, 1879, Lep. Het: Brit.

Mus., pt. rv, p. 15:

Eulia triferana Walker.

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 5)

THE EGG.

The eggs resemble those of other leaf-rolling species of Tortri- cidae. They are much flattened to the surface upon which they are deposited, and to which they tightly adhere, are scale-like in appear- ance, and overlap, are very pale dull-yellowish in color, the surface finely granulate and moderately shining. The length is soe 0.8 mm. to 0.85 mm. (0.03 inch) and the width 0.7 mm.

THE LARVA.

The larva is shown in figure 1, c. It suggests at first glance Epagoge sulfureana Clem., with which it agrees in many respects. It is, however, larger and readily distinguishable by the lighter and more nearly uniform color of the head and thoracic plate; the head is perceptibly yellowish or lhght brownish in hfe but the plate ean scarcely be distinguished Frnt the general color of the body. The two lobes are closely joimed at the middle, being separated by a very narrow strip of lighter color. The two lateral pilifer- ous spots below the thoracic plate are pale. In Dichelia,

on the other hand,

Tig. 1.—Red-banded leaf-roller (Hulia velutinana) : a, Fe- the, head and tho- male moth; 6, moth with wings folded at rest; ec, larva, Tacic plates and Late dorsal view; d, pupa, lateral view; e, tip of abdomen of eral thoracic spots pupa, showing abdominal hooks. a-—d, About three times

natural size; e, more enlarged. are a decided brown, the latter well chitinized and with a darker posterior margin.

The form is elongate cylindrical, about 8 or 9 times as long as wide when extended. The piliferous tubercles are larger and more promi- nent, but in their arrangement as well as in the vestiture itself they are very like Epagoge.

The entire surface of the body except the head is in life a rather pale grass-green much mixed with yellow, the dorsal surface being a little lighter and the head less greenish and tinged lightly with brown. In alcohol the dorsal surface, including head and thorax, becomes pale yellow, except at the sutures, where the remaining white color of the body is visible. Partially grown larve (8 mm. long) are uniform pale green.

The thoracic legs are just perceptibly darker, as a rule, than the abdomen, and the apices of the tarsi are infuscated.

= BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

The form is less flattened than in Dichelia, otherwise the shape of the body and of the head, thorax, and legs is very similar. The last segment is of the appearance shown in figure 2 at c, the anal plate presenting no special characters worthy of notice, although the ex- treme apex is remarkable on account of the comb-like process, con- sisting of 6 spines, with which it is armed.

The length of the largest full-grown larva is about 0.7 inch (18 to 19 mm.) ; the width, 0.8 inch (2 te 2.2 mm.). Some larve are considerably smaller.

The head and first and second thoracic segments are shown from above, much enlarged, in figure 2,a. Figure 2, b, shows an abdominal seg- ment with proleg from the side.

THE PUPA.

The pupa appears still more like that of E’pa- goge sulfureana. Itisa little stouter on the aver- age, the greatest width being across the wing- pads. (See fig. 1, d.) The last ventral seg-

3 ment, shown from be- Fig. 2.—Red-banded leaf-roller: a, Head and first two

thoracic segments, dorsal view; 6, third abdominal low (fig. 1, é), also bears segment, lateral view; c, last abdominal segment, a pair of lateral and two from above, showing anal plate and comblike tip; d. sprig of asparagus showing web of larva and chrys- : alis working its way out of web at left. a,b, ¢, Much processes aS 1n Epagoge enlarged; d, somewhat enlarged. (eight in all).

The length is about 0.4 inch (8 to 10 mm.), the width is about 0.1 inch (2.2 to 3 mm.).

DISTRIBUTION.

Eulia velutinana is native to this country, and has been known for a considerable number of years from Maine to Texas.

It is well established in the Transition Life Zone and available rec- ords show greater abundance there and in the northern portion of the Upper Austral, although it is to be found also in the Lower Austral. Possibly it has been introduced into California through commerce with the East. (See map, fig. 3.)

pairs of terminal hooked ~

awe

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER.

INJURIES AND OCCURRENCES.

The records of the Bureau of Entomology show a wide diversity in larval food habits. The earliest are those of Dr. C. V. Riley made at St. Louis, Mo., or in that vicinity. The rearing of this insect on erapes was noted July 28, 1870, and the issuance of the moth from larvee found on raspberry was noted August 4, 1876.

June 11, 1879, pupzx were found rolled up in the leaves of red clover, from which the moths emerged June 13. June 23 another moth

issued from larvee feeding on clover June 10, and the following day an additional specimen issued from a larva feeding on white clover. » August 11 a moth was reared from a pupa found spun up on a leaf of apple August 7. October 12 the larva was found on aspen and

the moth issued December 10.

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Fic. 8.—Distribution of the red-banded leaf-roller.

June 15, 1882, the moth was reared from larve found on apple in the District of Columbia.

Moths were reared June 7, 1885, from larve taken on Solidago.

June 12, 1886, the moth was reared from larve taken on roses, and on July 27 from others taken on privet and on willow. There is also a note on the rearing of this species June 7, 1886, from the galls of a species of Phylloxera.

This species was reared by Mr. Albert Koebele at Los Angeles County, Calif., from material found on the leaves of orange, April 24,1888; and on July 26, 1893, specimens were received from Mr. J. G. Barlow, Cadet, Mo., with the report that the larve were found boring in the tips of chrysanthemums.

August 138, 1897, the moth was reared from larve which had been feeding on violet in the District of Columbia.

6 BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

There are also three notes on specimens collected by Miss Mary E. Murtfeldt, presumably at her home at Kirkwood, Mo., recording the occurrence of the larve on lobelia, smartweed, and asparagus.

May 15, 1898, isolated individuals in the larval stage were observed on the twisted-up leaves contiguous to immature buds of blackberry at River View, Md., the buds having been eaten into in many cases and prevented from blooming. During July larvee were observed in considerable abundance at Marshall Hall, Md., also on blackberry and on the webbed-up leaves of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Moths issued August 9 and 10.

July 14 to 25, 1899, larvee were found at Alexandria, Va., by Mr. ¢ T. A. Keleher, Bureau of Entomology, on cabbage, raspberry, and cultivated honeysuckle. Moths began to issue July 31. September 26 the larva was received with the information that the material had been obtained from Mr. C. H. Stuart, Newark, N. Y., and that the species was infesting popcorn. Mr. Stuart made the statement that 27 per cent of the ears of popcorn were infested, and that 37 per cent of the corn on each infested ear were destroyed by this caterpillar, an unusual instance of injury.

During the latter part of May and early June the moths of this _ species were several times observed in the field, and June 13 the moths were seen at rest upon cabbage and rhubarb. On the former plant a deserted pupal skin was found on the under surface of the leaf directly below the point where the moth had been resting, and the midrib was found to have been eaten to the extent of 6 or 8 inches along both sides. Subsequently other cabbage plants were found to have been similarly affected, and a pupa was found in one of these from which the moth afterwards issued.

October 5 larve were observed on celery at Washington, D. C., and — later the same species was found at work on celery and still more _ abundantly on asparagus at Brookland, D. C. Later it was observed on parsley, strawberry, and raspberry at Cabin John, Md., and on potted geranium at Washington, D. C. On celery and parsley the larvee were apparently less abundant, as on these plants they are more difficult to see without close scrutiny, since they web up the leaves very neatly and in such a manner as not readily to attract attention. On asparagus, however, the webs are quite notice- able and could be seen at some little distance. In the formation of their temporary homes, the larve use an abundance of silk, often distorting the asparagus stems by drawing them together.

In every instance above mentioned the adults were reared from the material obtained.

In the manner of their attack the larve of this species do not differ markedly from those of the sulphur leaf-roller. In work upon ‘corn the young blades are either folded lengthwise so as to form a cylin- drical case or simply rolled up as are all other plants when attacked.

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 7

This moth was reared December 31, 1903, from larvee found on cab- bage by E. N. Burke, Macon, Ga. The same date the moth was reared from larve found on okra in the District of Columbia.

The species was found in great abundance on asparagus in the District of Columbia in the latter days of September, 1904, the larvee at this time being full grown or nearly so. Many deserted nests were also found, as well as the usual number of spider nests, which so closely resemble those made by the leaf-roller.

Beginning March 23, 1907, the adults of this species issued from foliage of elderberry collected at Arlington, Va., September 3, 1906.

During the last week of October, 1907, Mr. C. H. Popenoe, Bureau of Entomology, observed specimens of this green larva working on species of ground-cherry (Physalis) at Arlington, Va.

The following year he observed the larvee at Topeka, Kans., work- ing in the tips of ripe ears of sweet corn under the husk, lining the tunnels with silk. ;

Most of the foregoing records were made from observations of the writer and his associates in the Bureau of Entomology, and there are also some others which need not be mentioned in detail. These include the finding of the larve working on zinnia, syringa, hollyhock, snowball, and magnolia. There is also record of attack to catalpa at. Welch, W. Va.

BIOLOGIC NOTES.

The larve taken on asparagus by Miss Murtfeldt were found October, 1882, and the moths of this lot issued February 21, 1883.

In the writer’s recent experience with this insect in the neighbor- hood of Washington, D. C., nearly all of the larve that were obtained in the autumn were approaching maturity during the first week of October, and some had formed their webs for pupation by the middle of that month. By the close of the month all the individuals observed had transformed to pup, the moths beginning to issue January 23 and continuing until March 22. In every case that came under observation pupation took place within the larval web or in another close to the place where the larva had been feeding.

The moths kept under unnatural conditions in a warm room issued in January.

A larva obtained from Newark, N. Y., previously mentioned, be- gan forming its cocoon September 28, and the following day ap- peared to have finished, but further observation showed that it had not entirely completed it, since more silk was added apparently from day to day. It was noted that the larva, before transforming to pupa, cut out a round hole of about the same size or a little larger than the pupa itself. Transformation to this stage took place the first week in October, the moth issuing in January, having been

Sy BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

kept with others in a warm room. There is a singular agreement

in the times of pupation and issuance of the specimens at Washing- ton and in Missouri, and of the one individual observed from Ne ark, N.Y.

In the District of Columbia, and probably elsewhere as well hibernation takes place exclusiv ae in the pupal state.

From the facts that larvre have been observed in the open on May 15, that pupee have been found as early as the second week in June, and that moths have issued during the third week, it was reaaily surmised that the moths which have hibernated as pups appear some time in April and lay eges for the first generation. The moth was collected during the latter days of April in 1900.

The moths from the first new generation emerge for the most part _

during the second and third weeks of June, and of the next generation the last of July and the first two weeks of August, the third genera- tion developing in October and early November and wintering as previously mentioned.

It seems to be fairly certain that there are at least two, and prob- ably three generations annually in a climate like that of the District of Columbia and Missouri, and probably no more than two in a more northern latitude like that of the New England States.

From a female captured June 14, eggs were obtained in two masses of about 45 and 65 respectively upon the two following days, and the larve hatched in 11 days. The weather was rather cooler than sea- sonable during this time. A portion of the eggs were placed in a large rearing jar with growing strawberry plants, and the imago obtained July 23, the larval and pupal stages having been passed in 28 days. The weather was extremely hot (80° to 90° F. indoors) dur- ing the latter portion of this period, and the pupal stage must have been about 6 days, which would give 22 days or about 3 weeks as the larval period.

Of the larve which were collected in the vicinity of the District of Columbia in October, 1919, all had transformed to pupz by the mid- dle of November and the first moth issued April 15 of the following year, others continuing to issue for a few days thereafter. April 19 an imago was captured at light in the open.

It will thus be seen that the pupal or resting stage of this species for the District of Columbia and vicinity is an even 5 months, leaving 7 months for the active or working periods of the species.

HISTORY OF THE SPECIES.

The species was given its specific name in 1863 by Walker (7)?,

who described it under the name of Cacoecia (%) velutimana.

2 Italic figures in parentheses refer to ‘‘ Literature cited,’ p. nish

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 9

C. triferana, described at the same time, is now considered a synonym, the former name having been given to the male, the latter to the female. In 1865 it was again described as new by Clemens (2) as Tortrix incertana. Four years later it was redescribed under the same name by Robinson (3, p. 27S). With this last description illus- trations of both sexes were furnished.

In 1870 our first account of the habits of this leaf-roller was pub- lished by Dr. A. S. Packard (4, p. 40). It is mentioned as the red- banded cranberry Tortrix or “cranberry worm” and is treated in connection with insects affecting the cranberry in Massachusetts, the account including a description of the adult and a short descrip- tion of the pupa. This paper was republished in later years (4, 6).

In Dr. C. H. Fernald’s catalogue of the Tortricidae, published in 1882-83 (7, p. 15), some new localities are added for the species and

_ several new food plants, the latter on the authority of Miss Murt- feldt. Besides cranberry the list includes elm, soft maple, oak, apple,

rose, beans, and Gnaphalium polycephalum.

Tt was not until 1885 that any extensive account of the insect was published. This was by Dr. 8S. A. Forbes (S) and is in connection with insects found attacking corn in Illinois. Strawberry and clover

are added to the list of food plants.

In 1890, Mr. F. M. Webster (70) included this species in a list of

insects observed at Lafayette, Ind., affecting salsify. The same year

Packard (17) wrote again concerning this insect. The following year Prof. Lawrence Bruner (12, p. 267) BNET Ge this species briefly in an account of corn insects.

In 1893 Miss M. E. Murtfeldt (73) referred to this species as one which webs and curls the leaves of Osage orange. In 1898 the writer (15) mentioned it briefly in connection with insects that attack as- paragus. There followed Dr. Otto Lugger’s short description (/6), in which it was called the apple Lophoderus.

In 1901 the writer (77) recorded the feeding of the larva on vio- let in the District of Columbia. The same year Felt (25, p. 998) re- corded the depredations of this insect on green popcorn at Newark, ine eX.

In 1904 Slingerland (19, 20, p. 47) stated that this insect was ob- served with the grape-berry moth on clusters of blossoms and re- cently set fruit of grape, and was quite often found at the same de- structive work. In reviewing the known food plants, he records at-

.tack to Sohdago and dogbane and mentions Urogaster canarsiae

Ashm. as a parasite.

In 1905 Forbes (27) again mentions this species as an enemy of Indian corn, and the year following Felt (22) includes it in a report on insects affecting park and woodland trees.

10 BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

FOOD PLANTS.

The red-banded leaf-roller is nearly omnivorous, its food plants comprising many botanical orders. The list follows:

Asparagus, beans, sweet potato, cabbage, horse-radish, celery, parsley, rhubarb, salsify, tomato, sweet corn, pepper, okra, ground cherry (Physalis), blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry among truck crops; chrysanthemum, geranium, rose, lobelia, violet, snow- ball, syringa, hollyhock, zinnia, privet, and honeysuckle comprise the list of ornamental plants. Other plants affected are clover, field corn and popcorn, cranberry, elderberry, grape, orange, apple, plum, elm, maple, oak, laurel oak, aspen, willow, magnolia, catalpa, balsam fir, and Osage orange. The larva also attacks pigweed (Amaranthus

retroflerus), goldenrod (Solidago spp.), smartweed, dogbane, Sola-

num sp., and Gnaphalium polycephalum. NATURAL ENEMIES.

The red-banded leaf-roller is no exception to a somewhat general rule that larve which conceal themselves from view in rolled and webbed leaves and similar places of shelter are the more

attack. The fol- lowing list of para- sites is In evidence:

Exochus curvator Fab., an ichneu- monid, was reared by the writer Au- gust 7, 1900, from the host larva col- lected at Camerons

Fic. 4.—WMicrobracon sp., a parasite of the red-banded leaf- Mills, Vae

oe Epiurus indaga- tor Walsh was reared from this leaf-roller on oak at Kirkwood, Mo., November 7, 1878. ;

An ichneumonid parasite allied to Pimpla was reared from mate- rial received. from Cadet, Mo., in July, 1893, previously mentioned. (Dept. Agr. No. 5861°.)

Lampronota pleuralis Cress. was reared at St. Louis, Mo.. Novem- ber 7, 1878.

Limnerium sp. is mentioned by F. M. Webster as having been reared with this leaf-roller and two others on salsify.

3 Tdentified by Ashmead. who also identified practically all of the other species men- tioned unless otherwise noted.

subject to parasitic —

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 1a)

Opius foerstert Gahan, a braconid, wrongly determined as Opius mellipes Prov., and published tinder that name in Insect Life (9), was reared from material received from Kirkwood, Mo., September 25, 1881.

Epirhyssalus atriceps Ashm., a minute yellow braconid, was reared from its host July 1, 1907, breeding on rose and collected by Mr. I. J. Condit at Pataskala, Ohio.

Microbracon sp. (fig.4) was reared from material collected by Mr. M. R. Smith at Plymouth, Ind..

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Fic. 5.—Apanteles canarsiae, a parasite of the red-banded leaf-roller: @, Larva feeding on leaf-roller larva; b, adult parasite; c, cocoon; d, pupa. All much enlarged. (Strauss. ) .

Smicra deliva Cress., a chalcidid, was reared by the writer during the last week of July and first week of August from raspberry leaves infested by this leaf-roller from Camerons Mills, Va.

Smicra torvina Cress. was reared with the foregoing.

Apanteles canarsiae Ashm. (fig. 5) was reared from this leaf- roller by Slingerland (20) in New York, and is somewhat better known as a parasite of the grape leaf-folder (Vesmia funeralis Hbn.) and some other species.

+ Tdentified by Mr. J. C. Crawford.

12 BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

era par va Bigot,’ a tachina fly, is reported as a parasite of this leaf-roller by Coquillett (74).

CONTROL.

The red-banded leaf-roller is seldom sufficiently abundant to war- rant artificial methods for its control. Since it conceals itself in

leaves, rolled or bound together, it would appear difficult to reach

it with insecticides, but as it must issue from this shelter to feed on surrounding leafage it can then be reached by the application of arsenicals. The best time to apply these is soon after the eggs are

laid. Arsenate of lead is the standard insecticide, used at about 2

or 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water and applied as a spray.

The webbed leaves can be readily detected after a little practice, and when infestation is not too heavy these can be clipped and ae or they may be pinched so as to crush the larvee within.

Karly fall plowing and burning over the garden after the crop is off, either in ‘fall or early spring, are two farming methods which, rE Fam practiced, will undoubtedly help eras toward hela ing this insect in check. They should both be put into practice in case of infestation. =

SUMMARY.

The foliage of beans, sweet potato, asparagus, strawberry, rasp-

berry, and various other crops is subject to attack by a small greenish caterpillar about three-fourths of an inch long when mature, known as the red-banded leaf-roller, which rolls the leaves in various ways, according to the nature of the plant attacked, and breeds continuously throughout the growing season, from April to November.

It is native to this country, where it enjoys a wide distribution from Maine to Texas and has been found in California.

The species has been studied in the District of Columbia and vi- cinity. Hibernation takes place exclusively in the pupal state, which occupies a period of 5 months, leaving ¢ months for the active or working stage. The ascertained period of the egg stage is 11 days, of the larva 22 days, and of the pupa a minimum of 6 days. There are at least two and probably three generations annually in the climate where observed.

Several natural enemies, mostly parasites, attack this species.

The red-banded leaf- “elise 3 is seldom sufiiciently abundant to war- rant artificial methods for its control, and since it conceals itself in rolled-up leaves, it is difficult to reach nth insecticides. It can, how- ever, be reached with a spray of lead arsenate, inasmuch as it issues

from this shelter to feed on surrounding leafage. Clipping the. webbed leaves from the affected plants, early fall plowing, and _

burning over affected areas after the crop is off, will help to hold the insect in check.

> Identification by Coquillett.

THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. 13

LITERATURE CITED. (1) WALKER, F. 1863. LIST OF THE SPECIMENS OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS IN THE COL- LECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. pt. xXvii, p. 314. (2) CLEMENS, BRACKENRIDGE. ? 1865. NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA. Jn Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., v. 5, p. 1838-147. (3) RoBInson, C. T. 1868-69. NOTES ON AMERICAN TORTRICIDAE. Jn Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., . v. 2, p. 261-288. (4) PACKARD, A. S. 1870. NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN INJURIOUS INSECTS. Jn 17th Rept. Secy. Mass. Bd. Agr., 1869, p. 285-268. (5)

1878. INSECTS AFFECTING THE CRANBERRY, WITH REMARKS ON OTHER IN- JURIOUS INSECTS. Jn Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. for 1876, p. 521-526.

(6) 1880. INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE CRANBERRY. Jn Trans. Wis. State Hort. Soc., v. 10, p. 813-322. (7) FERNALD, C. H. 1882-3. A SYNONYMICAL CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED TORTRICIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. Jn Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., v. 10, p. 1-72. May, 1882. (8) Forpes, S. A. 1885. FOURTEENTH REPORT STATE ENT. ILL., 1885, p. 20-21. (9) [RiLry, C. V., and Howarp, L. O.] 1890. SOME OF THE BRED PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA IN THE NATIONAL COL- LECTION. Jn U. S. Dept. Agr., Ins. Life, v. 3, no. 2, p. 59. (10) WEBSTER, F. M. 1890. INSECTS AFFECTING SALSIFY. Jn U. S. Dept. Agr., Ins. Life, v. 2, p. 255-256. (11) PAcKARD, A. S. 1890. THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. In 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 195-196. (12) Bruner, LAWRENCE. 1891. REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. Jn Ann. Rept. Neb. State Bd. Agr., p. 240-309. (13) MurRTFELpT, M. EH. 1893. THE OSAGE ORANGE PYRALID. Jn U. S. Dept. Agr., Ins. Life, v. 5, oe bai llaar(e s akee ea ia - (14) CoQuimLLETT, D. W. 1897. REVISION OF THE TACHINIDAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. No. 7. 154 p. (15) CHITTENDEN, F. H. 1898. SOME MISCELLANEOUS RESULTS OF THE WORK OF THE DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bul. 10, n. s. 99 p., 19 figs. (16) LuGGER, OTTO. =

1899. THE RUSTY-BROWN TORTRIX. In 4th Ann. Rept. Ent. State Exp. -

Sta. Minn. 1898, p. 231-232. (17) CHITTENDEN, F.. H. 1901." SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE VIOLET, ROSE, AND OTHER ORNA- MENTAL PLANTS. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bul. 27, n. s. 114 p., 4 pls., 29 figs.

%

14 BULLETIN 914, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

(18) FELT, E. P. : 1901. SIXTEENTH REPORT ... ON THE INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 1900. Bull. N. Y. State Mus., No. 36, v. 7, p. 951-1048. : (19) SLINGERLAND, M. V. 1904. THE GRAPE LEAF-FOLDER. Jn Rural New Yorker, v. 63, no. 2818, Jans oO! ps OS: @0)° 1904. THE GRAPE-BERRY MOTH. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 223. p. 43-60. (21) FoRBES, S. A. 1905. THE RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. In 23rd Rept. State. Ent: I11., p. 175-176. (22) Bina By. e. 1906. RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER. In Rept. N. Y. State Mus., Memoir 8, Dp: do2:

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