1869 CITY OF NEW YORK I923 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM and THE WORLD FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1923 :: THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY New York, July 15, 1924 Publications Annual Report of The American Museum of Natural History: first report, January, 1870, by Joseph H. Choate, was a pamphlet of 30 pages. Beginning in 1921 with the Fifty-third Annual Report, these reports have become contributions to the theory and practice of museum development and administration, as indi- cated by the successive titles: The American Museum Ideal, report of the year 1921, isrued in 1922; The American Museum and Citizenship, report of 1922, issued in 1923; The American Museum and the World, report of 1923, issued in 1924. Standard bound copies of these reports are distributed to the 400 libra- ries and scientific institutions receiving the American Museum publications. The American Museum of Natural History: Its Origin, Its History, Growth of Its Departments. Trustees' edition, 50 copies, published February 14, 1910; Curators' edition, 600 copies, published July 1, 1911. Natural History, Journal of The American Museum of. Natural History: Volumes I-XXIII, 1900-1923. An illustrated magazine devoted to the advancement of natural history; a record of scientific research, explora- tion and discovery, of the development of museum exhibitions and of museum influence on education. Contributors are workers eminent in these fields, in- cluding the scientific staff, explorers and Members of the American Museum. Issued free to all classes of membership and on subscription. Bulletin of The American Museum of Natural History: Volumes I-XLVIII, 1881-1923. Scientific records of explorations and collections of the Museum in geology, palaeontology, mineralogy, zoology and, originally, anthropology. Issued in exchange to 400 libraries and institutions of science and learning throughout the world. PUBLICATIONS— Continued American Museum Novitiates: Nos. 1-103, 1921- 1923. Devoted to publication of preliminary announce- ments and descriptions of new forms in the fields of zoology, palaeontology, geology and mineralogy. Anthropological Papers: Volumes I-XXVII, 1906- 1923. Discoveries, explorations and researches in archaeology, anthropology and ethnology among the extinct and living races of man. Issued to 400 in- stitutions of learning throughout the world. Memoirs of The American Museum of Natural History: Volumes I and IX, 1893-1909; contributions by Whitfield, Osborn, Beutenmuller, Matthew, Brown, McGregor, Dean. Volumes II-VIII and X-XIV con- stitute the Jesup North Pacific Series. New Series, Volumes I-III, 1912-1921, devoted to zoology and palaeontology. Ethnographical Album of the North Pacific Coasts of America and Asia, 1900. Part I. A cata- logue of ethnographical types. The Ancient Quipu or Peruvian Knot Record. By L. L. Locke, 1923, clearly demonstrates that the quipu was used for numerical records and points out the im- possibility of recording history and folklore by this means, as early historians believed. Mr. Locke has succeeded in locating forty-nine quipus, of which forty- two are in the collections of the American Museum. Essentials of Anthropometry. By Louis R. Sullivan, 1923. Pocket size, prepared for the assistance of field workers in physical anthropology. A Review of the Primates. A monographic treatise in three quarto volumes by Daniel Giraud Elliot. Bibliography of Fishes. By Bashford Dean, 1916- 1923, covering the entire literature of fishes to 1914 and embracing 45,000 titles arranged alphabetically by authors. PUBLICATIONS-Gm/m«e •*-> u w C/3 C en O s> ? o .2 | - J2 o ° ? a. w u = « O .c « Q 0\ >> t^» u •eg § ^K ■7. ^ T5 (/) rt Z P-«<~ Q _ o ^ _ t E C 3 > T^ UEPA1STMENT0F \ \ ANTHROPOLOGY ANATOMICAL MATERIAL COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTIONS GENERAL COLLECTIONS Map IX Map X Geographic Distribution of Collections 17 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF COLLECTIONS Rocks, Fossils and Meteorites The collections of the Department of Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology comprise not fewer than 17,895 rocks, 662,042 fos- sils and 3,229 meteorites. The geographical distribution of these specimens, according to the major political divisions, is shown on the world chart, Map I. On this chart two methods of presenta- tion have been employed : one, a graphic generalized series of line symbols for the larger land areas ; the other, an alphabetical list of the names of the countries with their numerical representation entered opposite, arranged across the lower portion of the map. Minerals As with all large mineral collections, that of The American Museum of Natural History includes mineral specimens gathered from all parts of the world. In order to arrive at an approximate estimate of the proportional distribution of the localities repre- sented, two representative blocks of five cases each were selected and a detailed analysis of the geographical distribution of the 6,000 specimens contained in them was made, Map II. The estimated distribution of specimens is as follows : Canada — Greenland 6% United States 36% Mexico 3% Brazil — Uruguay 1% Peru — Bolivia V*% Chile .... 1% Western Europe 10% Central Europe . 8% Southern Europe 14% Southeastern Europe . 8% Northern Europe 5% Russia, including Siberia 3% Japan — China 1% India .... y2% Australia VA% Scattering . 1% Fossil Vertebrates On Map III are shown in solid circles the areas from which the more important collections of fossil mammals, birds, reptiles and batrachians have come. All continents and almost every important fossil field are represented in our collections. North 18 Report of the President America, the richest fossil field in the world, has yielded about 85 per cent, of our entire collection, and most of these specimens are from the Rocky Mountain region. Estimated distribution of specimens : North America . . . . . . .85% South America (including West Indies) . . 4% Eurasia ........ 7% Africa 3% Australia 1% Lower Invertebrates The chief areas not represented in the Lower Invertebrate collections are deserts and the great grassy plains, and certain regions as yet not sufficiently explored. This is apparent from Map IV. The following table summarizes the chief regions represented : Geographic Region Number of Specimens United States . 46,784 Canada 3,498 Greenland 449 Mexico 6,478 Central America ...... 1,176 West Indies 49,170 Total, North America .... 107,555 South America 11,430 Total, New World 118,985 Europe .... ... 14,235 Asia 16,929 Africa 41,267 Oceanica, including Australia .... 41,618 Total, Old World 114,049 Total in Collections .... 233,034 Insects The geographic distribution of our insect collections is shown in Map V, in which it is attempted to place a dot on the approxi- mate location from which the Museum has specimens. Some- times one dot covers a number of such localities ; more often it covers too much country. In general, Map V shows that our insect collections have been assembled not only by such collectors Fishes, Reptiles and Amphibians 19 as Beutenmuller, Lutz, Watson, and Wheeler, but by a host of other collectors, each contributing to the grand total. Fishes Our Department of Ichthyology is comparatively young, since it was not until 1903 that Professor Bashford Dean, of Columbia University, was put in charge; consequently our summary of col- lections does not compare very favorably with collections that have been made in other institutions, such as the United States National Museum, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, which have enjoyed the support of the great ichthyolo- gists of America for more than half a century. The approximate geographic distribution may be summarized in the following figures : Marine Fishes Percentage of Total Collection 25 per cent 25 4 4 1 1 Fresh-water Fishes 9 per cent 9 " 9 " 6 " 3 " 2 " 2 " 100 " Atlantic . . . Pacific Indian Ocean Mediterranean Arctic Southern Ocean North America South America Africa Asia . . . . Central America Europe Australia World genera . Percentage of Total Living Genera . 70 per cent . 60 " " . 50 " " . 50 " " . 60 " " . 50 " " 80 per cent 60 " " 60 " " 50 " " 70 " " 70 " " 60 " " 60 " " In the summary of the collection as a whole, we find the fol- lowing : Total species represented in the collection . . 3,000 Total specimens represented in the collection . 30,000 Reptiles and Amphibians In fourteen years our collections have increased nearly 1,000 per cent. The collections now number more than 57,000 adult specimens, in addition to the several thousand eggs and larvae 20 Report of the President which are catalogued by lots. In Map VI we show by stippling the distribution of these collections. It will be observed that our greatest desiderata are to be found in the Oriental and East Indian region. Our study collection may be ranked among the five largest in the United States. It is a very representative collection, as the following table indicates : Number of Valid Genera in British Number of Genera in Collections Museum Catalogues of American Museum Caecilians 11 11 Urodeles 26 22 Salientia 107 85 Rhynchocephalians and Che- lonians 49 30 Crocodilians 6 5 Lizards 259 165 Snakes 296 167 There are many more genera in the collections than are shown in the above table. These other genera have been described since the British Museum catalogues were issued. When one realizes that there were practically no study collections of reptiles and amphibians in the American Museum prior to 1900, and only 6,000 up to the year 1909, one begins to appreciate the great wealth of material which has recently outgrown our storerooms. Birds The distribution of the Museum's bird collections is illustrated on Map VII only in the broadest way. The object has been to show the territory rather than the species of birds covered by the collections. For example, we have practically all known North American species of birds, but instead of covering the continent in darkest shading, it has been found best to give an approximate idea of the source of the respective material. This not only shows the parts of the continent which our collectors have most fully covered, but also the areas in which the least work has been done. Mammals The collections in the Department of Mammals are summarized on Map VIII, with the data presented to show the regions whence the specimens have come. Nearly half of the department collection comes from North America, with the sources covering the United States in the man- Anthropological Collections 21 ner set forth and with a very strong representation from the Arctic regions due to the expeditions of Peary, Stefansson, Anderson, Comer, and the Crocker Land Expedition. The prin- cipal sources of the North American collection, exclusive of the Arctic regions, are: Prince Maximilian of Wied collection, and specimens collected by Anderson, Anthony, Batty, Chapman, Granger, Mearns, Richardson and Stone. In South America the collections represent 23 per cent, of the department total and come principally from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, British Guiana, Brazil, Venezuela, and the Argentine. Most of the mammals were collected by Anthony, Batty, Beebe, Carri- ker, Keays, Klages, Miller, Richardson, Smith, and Tate. The mammals taken on Colonel Roosevelt's South American Expedi- tion are included in this figure. Europe is represented by comparatively few specimens — only one per cent, of the total collection in the department. Asia is represented by 17 per cent, of the total collection, and a large part of this material has been brought in by the series of Asiatic expeditions under Andrews and by the Faunthorpe- Vernay Indian Expedition. Africa claims 12 per cent, of the total, with the greater part of this percentage made up from the mammals taken on the Lang- Chapin Congo Expedition, the Akeley expeditions and a number of important sportsmen's expeditions made by Rainey, Rainsford, and Tjader. The mammals from Australia represent 3 per cent, of the total collection and were practically all secured on the expedition con- ducted by Gregory and Raven. Anthropological Collections The collections as a whole fall naturally under the three tradi- tional divisions of the science of man : anatomy, archaeology, and ethnography. See Maps IX, X and XI. In the main, the ethno- graphic and archaeological collections were gathered by museum field parties, and to a large extent this is true of the materials for racial anatomy. Further, all the collections of the Division are handled in two rather distinct series, one for exhibition and one for reference or study. The latter is not mere dead storage mate- rial but is so arranged in classified assemblage as to be readily 22 Report of the President accessible at all times. Yet, at the same time it is well protected from insects, dust, and other destructive agents. For obvious reasons, the exhibition space is in the main given to ethnographical and archaeological collections, which are installed in geographical units. The approximate number of specimens on exhibition and their geographical segregation are as follows : North America: Ethnography of the North Pacific Coast . 1,900 Of the Eastern Woodlands . . . 8,477 Of the Western Plains .... 2,347 Of California and the Southwest . . 3,687 Of the Eskimo 3,000 Archaeology of Mexico and Central America 8,411 Of the United States and Canada . . 25,000 South American Archaeology and Ethnography 15,144 African Ethnography ..... 4,658 Asiatic Ethnography ..... 7,948 Malay and Philippine Ethnography . . . 2,513 Islands of the Pacific Ocean .... 3,270 European Archaeology ..... 4,000 Racial Anatomy 300 This tabulation shows a fair balance between archaeological and ethnographical material, but it is also true that the amount of material in storage far exceeds that on exhibition. It is also no- ticeable that relatively little exhibition space is given to anatomical materials, but in the ethnographic halls are to be found habitat groups in which there are life-sized figures of the several racial types. Finally, the following general summary gives a perspec- tive of our total collections : Ethnography Archaeology Anatomy Exhibition Study Series 37,800 284,658 52,555 875,063 300 27,000 Summary of Collections 23 SUMMARY OF THE MUSEUM COLLECTIONS TO THE END OF 1923 The summary of our collections from various parts of the world at the present time is approximately as follows : Meteorites ..... Minerals and Gems Geologic Specimens Invertebrate Fossils, Palaeontology Vertebrate Fossils, Palaeontology Invertebrates Insects Fishes Amphibians and Reptiles Birds of the World . Mammals of the World Anthropological Collections (about) 3,229 18,000 17,895 662,042 30,000 233,034 1,000,000 30,000 57,500 250,000 50,400 1,250,000 24 Report of the President NEARLY EIGHTEEN MILLION DOLLARS ADDED TO THE MUSEUM DURING THE PAST SIXTEEN YEARS The gifts and appropriations to the Museum during the past sixteen years total nearly $18,000,000. In order to show how expenditures have kept pace with the increasing public service by the Museum and with the increasing cost of operation, attention is called to the following figures : From the City of New York in Building and Equipment (in- cluding the School Service Building to be erected at a cost of $733,800), $3,045,725.54. Contributions of members of the Board of Trustees, under Spe- cial Funds and Gifts, $2,895,241.82. Gifts of Members and friends other than Trustees, $8,260,- 476.23. Appropriations by the City for Maintenance and Operation of the Building and for Educational Work, $3,710,485.94. Thus, during the past sixteen years, the grand total of additions to Permanent Equipment, to Building, to Exhibition, to Science and Education, Maintenance and to the Endowment of the Mu- seum is $17,911,929.53, an average of more than $1,000,000 a year. GENERAL ENDOWMENT FUND The Present Total Endowment of $11,591,617.22 includes a number of generous recent contributions, as follows : Mr. George F. Baker, $250,000; Mr. Edward S. Harkness, $100,000; Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., $1,025,000; Mr. J. P. Morgan, $127,- 187.50; Mr. George D. Pratt, $50,000; Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, $26,750; Mr. Felix M. Warburg, $19,000. This Endowment is still inadequate to the amount of $3,000,000 to meet the regular educational, exhibitional and operating expenses of the Museum, which have increased 250 per cent, during the sixteen-year period, chiefly owing to doubling and trebling of living costs, wages and salaries in the City of New York, which is now probably the most expensive city in the world. It is estimated that an endowment of $15,000,000 or an addi- tion of $3,408,382.78 will be needed to operate the Museum and Maintenance and Operating Expenses 25 complete its educational exhibition system when the three new buildings — the Asiatic Hall, the Oceanic Hall, and the School Service Building, now under construction by the City at a total cost of $2,233,800, are completed in 1925. Highly as the President and Trustees value the popular and financial appreciation of the Museum, they realize that the Mu- seum is very far from being completed at present; that very ex- tensive rearrangement of the collections must be made to bring about an ideal educational arrangement; that we must look for- ward in 1930, when the main Natural History Museum buildings as at present planned are complete, to a Permanent Endowment Fund of not less than $20,000,000, and so equivalent to that of' the present endowment of the New York Public Library, in order to care for future increases in public and popular attendance and in the serious educational and scientific work in the schools, col- leges and universities of this country. MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING EXPENSES OF 1923 For the year 1923, the City Administration, appreciating the service that the Museum is rendering to the public, and especially its relations to the public school system, provided an appropriation of $342,313.36, which has been applied to the care and up-keep of the building and the maintenance of its educational activities. In the same liberal spirit, the City also appropriated $184,950 for necessary repairs, construction and equipment in the existing build- ing, as well as an additional appropriation of $163,800 for the erection of the School Service Building now ready for construc- tion. The growth of the institution has been so rapid that, gen- erous as is the appropriation from the City for maintenance, it has been inadequate to meet the increasing cost of operation and school work, and the Trustees have applied $218,303.41 of Trus- tee funds to these maintenance and education expenses. In order not to curtail important work, the Trustees, at the beginning of the year 1923, guaranteed to raise $40,000 by personal subscrip- tion and actually contributed $38,000 for maintenance and opera- tion, which, with various economies effected during the year, enabled the Treasurer to close his books without a deficiency. 26 Report of the President The cost of operating the Museum in all its activities, including maintenance, education, exploration, publication, preparation and other scientific work, amounted to $1,085,462.25, the funds for which were derived from the following sources : General Operating Expenses City Appropriation for Maintenance $342,313.36 Trustees' General Funds : (Applied to Maintenance and to Scientific Work) 325,154.54 Morris K. Jesup Fund : (Restricted to Scientific Work) 288,906.93 Special Funds : (Contributions for Specific Purposes) 105,803.60 Trustees' Building Fund 1,335.82 Corporate Stock Fund : (Appropriated by the City for Equipment) 21,948.00 Total Expenditures of the Museum for 1923 $1,085,462.25 PROGRESS IN BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT OF SECTIONS 9, 10 AND 11 The most important feature in the building program has been the progress in the erection of the Southeast Wing and Hall of Ocean Life. It has been a source of keen satisfaction to watch these two halls take final form. These buildings were provided for by an appropriation of $1,500,000, unanimously voted by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment on December 28, 1921. The general contract for the construction was awarded to James Stewart and Company on September 8, 1922, and actual work began officially on October 4, 1922. The excavation, which in- volved some unexpected problems in establishing the foundations for the building, was completed in December of the same year. During the present year (1923), in spite of inclement weather, strikes and delays in the delivery of material, construction has progressed satisfactorily. In the early fall, both buildings were entirely enclosed and the interior finish well begun. It now seems probable that both buildings will be completed by the middle of 1924. Building 27 The construction of these two sections will add six new exhi- bition halls to the Museum, which are being constructed after plans gradually maturing since the year 1911, when the present arrange- ment was decided upon, and which promise to be at once the most beautiful and the most impressive exhibition halls in the world. They embody the latest ideas and ideals of Museum construction and are receiving the scientific supervision of leading experts like Honorary Director Frederic A. Lucas ; Assistant Director James L. Clark, in charge of Preparation; the noted animal sculptor, Carl E. Akeley; the ichthyologist, Bashford Dean (also on the Metropolitan Museum Staff) ; Roy C. Andrews, explorer and mammalogist; Roy W. Miner, specialist in invertebrate zoology; the herpetologist, G. Kingsley Noble; and the palaeontologists, Henry Fairfield Osborn and William Diller Matthew. In the Hall of Ocean Life will be displayed the whales, por- poises, seals, sea elephants, and other great sea animals, which, through the generous contributions of the late George S. Bowdoin and of Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, have been brought together by years of field work at the whaling stations in British Columbia, Alaska, Japan and Korea, and by expeditions to the Pacific Coast. In the center of the hall will be suspended a life-size model of the humpback whale in the act of diving. This animal is 50 ft. long and has a flipper spread of 40 ft. At the west end of the hall will be an accurate reproduction of a West Indian Coral Reef. This Habitat Group will be 30 ft wide, 12 ft. deep and 25 ft. high, and will be so arranged that the visitor descending from the gallery of the hall to its main floor will pass beneath the surface of the ocean and have an opportunity to view the corals and other marine life at close range. The Southeast Wing will contain on the first floor our collec- tion of fishes, which for several years has been incongruously housed amid our collection of birds of the world. The second floor will be the Asiatic Hall, which will be devoted to the splendid new Asiatic collections presented through Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe and Mr. Arthur S. Vernay, as well as the rich collections of the Third Asiatic Expedition, which will include the antelope, wild ass and other animals of the Mongolian Plains. The Hall of Amphibians and Reptiles will occupy the third 28 Report of the President CO -J ►J < O I— i H i— i pq r— I w w fa o H fa CO O t—i H U W CO O o pi! £ Pj PQ o pq H fa Q a PQ < .s ° £ S' HJ — i to « Q s 's •I J *3 rt u tH 5 £ *. W ■a «■> .2 3H .g .2 w H W O 5 < Ph Ph c u re Ph a u !2 "*« U WE *• *.«! >+* o toJ3 M S u c TO O 'SZ, -a bj> 0 J3 «l-l K~ o o5 w« ~.a TO E o3 Id i TO 3 4) O o£ II OS TO bow o w "C 2 TO ~ ■< u W ■sW E 3 -m E« t! 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H »£ < < w Uh < i-H ^ .A "S h a « o «>■ §a>5Kf£i<; ct) ° 1-5 S| E c •a u < s E F, " .y is c -z u £ J 2 "< J3 .O -S g C cj 3 - H a O O 3 oj 3 .S CT] Ch W O < C5 3 £ - c i o r a ^ t: -5 ■jj f c 5 « •- < E ^ ■< OS •a rt o Z Z H z 5 .9 < M W H S -^ is tJ >> >;.y^g-33C3rtoj:-Ks a £ < w Q < fe Z 1 x a < " ¥ ^ H H J ?< H H 0C , « E H >< o m a O Id i. a* b m « h * " O « J J W C3 b c, w as « o & « u )4 O a < a cj < w Z < w « S h «: u u Z D & « — -r a « * W ■s a « w=»zzz5<5^£<,ai^«teH09w!i = "dci«^woBi>2ol5 s •OS ■5 a 30 Report of the President floor, while in the fourth floor hall will be installed the giant aquatic dinosaurs and other ancient fossil reptiles. The next building project is the School Service Building, for which the Board of Estimate and Apportionment appropriated $570,000 on April 21, 1922. Since that time the plans for this building have received most careful study by the architects and staff members, until now we believe we have planned the best designed building possible for extending the usefulness of the Museum to the entire school system. The increasing cost of all building operations, due to labor conditions and higher prices for materials, combined with the somewhat specialized character of this building, made it necessary to apply to the Board of Estimate and Apportionment for an additional appropriation of $163,800 for the erection of this building. This supplementary appropria- tion was voted by the Board on June 29, 1923, thus making the total amount available for the School Service Building $733,800. In the meantime, the plans and specifications have been completed and have been forwarded to the Board of Estimate and Appor- tionment for final approval. The School Service Building will occupy the southwest court and will be devoted to the relations of the Museum to the schools. It will be a five-story structure, 160 ft. long by 90 ft. wide on the ground floor, and 56 ft. wide on the upper floors. The first or main floor will be a huge exhibition hall, which is especially needed for the many temporary exhibitions held annually at the Museum, such as the flower shows of the New York Horticul- tural Society and various anniversary exhibitions. We also expect that from time to time displays of the handiwork of school chil- dren, especially in the art and design classes, will be shown in this hall. The principal function of the building, however, is to pro- vide classrooms for visiting classes of children, laboratories and offices for the educational staff and proper facilities for the care and distribution of our Nature Study Collections and our large series of lantern slides, which are made available for the schools of the city. We regard the liberal action of the Board of Esti- mate and Apportionment, in providing for the erection of this building, as indicating its appreciation of the Museum's service to the schools, and we greatly appreciate this recognition of the Museum's contribution to education. School Service and Attendance 31 SCHOOL SERVICE AND ATTENDANCE DURING SIXTEEN YEARS The corresponding growth of public interest in the Museum during the sixteen-year period is shown by the increase in at- tendance from 537,984 in 1907 to 1,431,722 in 1923, an increase of more than 166 per cent. The school service attendance in the Museum, included in the above figures, increased from 30,000 in 1907 to 134,669 in 1923, while the total number reached by the Museum's extension service to the schools has increased from 778,510 in 1907 to 5,630,811 in 1923, a gain of 623 per cent. The Annual Membership income has risen from $15,300 in 1907 to $38,395 in 1923. INCREASE IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS DURING 1923 The year 1923 has been exceptional in the rapid increase of col- lections from all parts of the world. Either an emergency gift of $300,000 for preparation and exhibition, or the annual interest on a new endowment fund of $3,000,000, is needed to keep up with this astonishing growth through the Museum's expeditions and through the liberality of the City in the erection of new buildings. First in importance, during the year 1923, is the Faunthorpe- Vernay Collection from India, including gifts by the Viceroy of India and the Maharajas of Nepal and Mysore — a superb collec- tion of mammals and birds valued at not less than $100,000. The Museum is also indebted to Mrs. Henry Clay Frick for the gift of a unique collection of fossils from the Siwalik Hills of India and from Burma, of a total value of $15,000. Mr. Childs Frick con- tributed during the year $14,800, making his total contribution $53,250 toward collections, chiefly of Pliocene age, from Califor- nia and other Western States. Mr. Harry Payne Whitney has continued for the third year his annual gift of $20,000 to secure a representative collection of the birds of the Oceanic Islands of Polynesia. An indirect gift for the support of the Martin John- son Second African Expedition by the Martin Johnson African Expedition Corporation, for five years, involves an annual expen- diture of $20,000. 32 Report of the President THIRD ASIATIC EXPEDITION The Third Asiatic Expedition has been the most successful expedition in the whole history of the Museum. The collections and scientific results achieved during the first three years in China and Mongolia, under the direction of Roy Chapman Andrews, have far surpassed our fondest expectations. Our indebtedness to Messrs. Andrews, Granger, Berkey, Morris and Pope cannot be expressed. On invitation of Mr. Andrews, President Osborn traveled to China and Mongolia in the autumn of 1923 to inspect the personnel and management, and to visit some of the most important deposits in east-central Mongolia. On returning to the Museum headquarters in Peking, he agreed with the leader that the work in Mongolia was so profoundly important that it would require an additional five years and that the staff should be en- larged to include topography, palseo-botany, and archaeology. The expedition has aroused world-wide interest. In addition to the series of special articles in ASIA Magazine, which has strongly supported the expedition financially, a series of articles is appearing in Natural History, concluding with a report by the leader, entitled "The Coming Five Years, 1924-28, of the Third Asiatic Expedition." Nineteen preliminary scientific papers have appeared in Museum publications. A series of twelve volumes, to be entitled Mongolia and China, is projected and will include the complete scientific results of the expedition. The great collections of fossils have been safely transported from central and western Mongolia and are now being given the place of honor in the center of the Hall of the Age of Mammals. The President can hardly find language to express his apprecia- tion to the scientific workers of this expedition and to the liberal contributors from twenty-five States of the Union, including the American Asiatic Association. During the three years the con- tributions toward the cost of the expedition have amounted to $360,000. A full list of contributors appears in the March-April, 1924, number of Natural History, at the close of Mr. Andrews's article, "The Coming Five Years." ti < « t/> H c c < >> C/J C H fc *j O Changes in Trustees and Staff 33 MEMBERSHIP AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Report of the Secretary At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Trustees, February 5, 1923, Mr. Cleveland Earl Dodge was elected to the Class of 1926, to fill the vacancy due to the resignation of Mr. Board of Charles Lanier. There were elected to the Class of Trustees ig2? the Trustees whose terms expired at the Annual Meeting, namely, Mr. Adrian Iselin, Mr. Ogden Mills, and Mr. Madison Grant. Mr. Frederick Trubee Davison was elected to the Class of 1927 to fill the vacancy due to the death of Mr. Henry P. Davison. Mr. Arthur Curtiss James resigned from the Board of Trustees, December 19, 1923. The changes in the Scientific Staff were as follows : N. C. Nelson, M. L., was promoted from Associate Curator of North American Archaeology to Associate Curator of Archaeology. James P. Chapin, Ph.D., was promoted from As- Scientific sistant Curator of African Birds to Associate Cura- tor in Charge of Birds of the Eastern Hemisphere. Mr. Herbert Lang was promoted from Assistant Curator of African Mammals to Associate Curator of African Mammals. Professor Frederick K. Morris, A. M., was appointed Asso- ciate Curator of Geology and Geography. Mr. S. H. Chubb was promoted from Assistant in Osteology to Assistant Curator of Comparative Anatomy. Professor Charles P. Berkey, Ph.D., was appointed Research Associate in Geology. Childs Frick, B. S., was appointed Research Associate in Palaeontology. Milo Hellman, D.D.S., was appointed Research Associate in Physical Anthropology. Miss A. Katherine Berger was appointed Assistant Editor of Natural History. Ruth Crosby Noble, B.A., resigned from the position of Assist- ant Curator in the Department of Public Education, but arrange- ments have been made to retain her services for certain special work. 34 Report of the Secretary Arthur I. Ortenburger, M.S., resigned from the position of Assistant Curator of Herpetology, to become Assistant Professor of Zoology at the University of Oklahoma. At the Annual Meeting, February 5, the first elections to Cor- responding Membership were made. The Roosevelt Memorial Association awarded the Roosevelt gold medal of honor to President Henry Fairfield Osborn, for the promotion of the study of natural history.. This Act^vlt'es was one of its first three medals of honor. The President received the degree of Sc.D. from Yale University on June 20. He was elected the first Honorary Mem- ber of the Geological Society of China, at Peking. Director Frederic A. Lucas represented the American Museum and also the Museums Association (Great Britain), at the meeting of the American Association of Museums at Charleston, South Carolina, in April. Mr. George H. Sherwood was the official representative of the American Museum at the Annual Meeting of the Museums Asso- ciation (Great Britain) held at Hull, England, July 9 to 13. Mr. Sherwood was appointed on the Committee on Finance and Accounting of the American Association of Museums. Dr. Edmund Otis Hovey represented the Museum at the Charleston, South Carolina, meeting of the American Association of Museums in April. He represented the Museum, the Geologi- cal Society of America and the New York Academy of Sciences at the Second Pan Pacific Science Congress in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, in August and September ; he served as Chair- man of the Geology Section on the last day of the Sydney sessions of the Congress. He was a representative of the Museum at the Joseph Leidy Centenary of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in December, and attended the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, in Washington, in December, of which Society he is a member of the Council. Dr. Hovey also served as a Vice-President of the Explorers Club during the year. Dr. Lutz was a representative of the Museum at the meeting of the American Association of Museums at Charleston. The A. Cressy Morrison prize of the New York Academy of Sciences was awarded to Dr. Lutz for his paper entitled "Apparently Non- Selective Characters and Combinations of Characters, including Outside Activities of the Staff 35 a Study of the Ultraviolet in Relation to the Flower-visiting Habits of Insects." Dr. Frank M. Chapman was reelected President of the John Burroughs Memorial Association, and as a member of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Audubon Societies, and of the Explorers Club. Mr. Ff. E. Anthony and Mr. Herbert Lang attended the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists in Phila- delphia, in May ; they also represented the Museum at the Annual Convention of the American Game Protective Association. Dr. Clark Wissler represented the Museum at the conference on Indian Affairs called by Secretary Work. Dr. Wissler is a Vice-President of the New York Academy of Sciences. Dr. William K. Gregory served as Secretary of the Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man, and as a Vice-President of the New York Academy of Sciences. He was elected a member of the International Association for Dental Research; of the David Black Society of the University of California, and was reelected to the Advisory Council of the Eugenics Committee of the United States. Dr. G. Clyde Fisher is a member of the Board of Managers of the Long Island Biological Association, which has taken over the control of the Biological Laboratory of the Brooklyn Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences at Cold Spring Harbor. He is Chair- man of the Viewing Committee of the National Education Asso- ciation, which will cooperate with the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, Inc. Dr. Fisher served on the Cur- riculum Committee of the Visual Instruction Association of New York, and on the Biology Committee of the Bureau of Lectures and Visual Aids to Instruction of the Board of Education. He is Examiner for the Boy Scouts of Manhattan, for the Bird Study Merit Badge. He represented the Museum at the Annual Con- vention of the New York State Federation of Workers for the Blind, held in New York City in October. Dr. Chester A. Reeds attended the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, in Washington. Dr. G. Kingsley Noble attended the meeting of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists in Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, and the Thirty-ninth Session of the American Associa- tion of Anatomists at the University of Chicago, in March. 36 Report of the Secretary Mr. John T. Nichols was elected President of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, in October. Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy was reelected a member of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Audubon Societies and of the Explorers Club. Dr. James P. Chapin was elected a Corresponding Member of the German Ornithological Society. Dr. Jonathan D wight was elected President of the American Ornithologists' Union, in Cambridge, in October. Mr. Nels C. Nelson was Treasurer of the American Ethnolo- gical Society. Dr. Louis R. Sullivan represented the Museum at the inaugura- tion of Dr. Cloyd H. Marvin as President of the University of Arizona. The Museum extended the privileges of its auditorium and meeting rooms to educational and scientific organizations. The following societies held meetings, exhibits or lectures Hospitality at the Museum in 1923 : American Ethnological Society American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society Aquarium Society Association of Directors of Girls' Camps, New York Section Board of Education, City of New York (Public Lecture Service) Boy Scouts of America Camera Club of New York City Gardens Club of New York City History Club of New York Columbia University (Classes) Daughters of Sacajawea, Man-hal-ta Council, American Indian Tipi Order, Incorporated Federation for Child Study Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man Girl Scouts, Incorporated Horticultural Society of New York John Burroughs Memorial Association Keramic Society of Greater New York Linnaean Society of New York Cooperation with Societies 37 National Association of Audubon Societies National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild National Research Council New York Academy of Sciences New York Bird and Tree Club New York City Federation of Women's Clubs New York Entomological Society New York Microscopical Society New York Mineralogical Club New York Tuberculosis Association, Incorporated New York United States Department of Agriculture Club New York Zoological Society School Garden Association of New York School Nature League Torrey Botanical Club Visual Instruction Association of America Visual Instruction Association of New York On pages 144 to 165 are acknowledged the many gifts to the Museum from friends in 1923, but we mention here some of special interest and value: From B. S. Bowdish, 316 Special kjr(j skjns from Porto Rico; from W. Douglas Burden, 25 specimens of mammals, from Indo- China; Samuel E. Cassino, about 2,600 Lepidoptera; Mrs. E. L. Dickerson, collection of insects ; C. Raymond Frey, 7 diamond crystals from British Guiana; Imperial University of Tokio, col- lection of Japanese fishes ; Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson, 7 reels motion picture film of African wild animals; Martin Johnson, 51 bird skins, 2 mole skins, photograph of Grant's Zebra at water- hole, elephant skull and jaw, 2 rhino skulls and jaws, and 2 zebra skulls (one with jaws), from East Africa; Dr. George F. Kunz, 1 Kunzite, 59.19 carats, 1 Kunzite, 14.80 carats; Professor May- nard M. Metcalf, 164 microscopic slides of Protozoa, including 107 paratypes ; J. P. Morgan, 39 gems ; John M. Muir, collection of pottery idols and heads from Panuco, Mexico ; Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Brussels, collection of flint implements from Belgium, representing the entire palaeolithic and neolithic systems of Professor A. Rutot ; Frank J. Myers, 53 slides of mounted and named rotifers, including 30 types, 14 slides of mounted and named Cladocera (14 species) ; Mrs. Walter 38 Report of the Secretary Wehle Naumburg, 97 bird skins (61 from South America, and 36 from Baden, Germany) ; New York Zoological Society, a large number of specimens, including mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fishes; Claude Nolan, whale shark from Long Key, Florida; Mrs. Henry Fairfield Osborn, 2 carnelian scarabs, one set in ring, 1 onyz cameo, 1 sardonyx cameo, 2 shell cameo brooches, 1 pearl attached to shell of pearl oyster, Japan ; George D. Pratt, 5 reels motion picture film of Alaska ; J. G. Ramsay, 2 wolf skins, 1 ant-eater, 1 armadillo, 1 maned wolf, from Brazil ; Dr. L. C. Sanford, 103 bird skins. Objects of art appropriate to our Museum were received as fol- lows : From Miss Emily Somers Haines, portrait of William A. Haines, by Butler; Arthur Curtiss James, 2 paintings of under- sea scenes by Zarh H. Pritchard, "Coral Garden in the Lagoon, Maraa, Tahiti" ; John Burling Lawrence, oil painting of Coyotes, by Audubon, enlargement of photograph of Audubon, framed, crayon portrait of the late Daniel Giraud Elliot by Akins ; Presi- dent Henry Fairfield Osborn and Mrs. Osborn, Percy R. Pyne, Dr. Walter B. James, and Mrs. Edward H. Harriman (through Mrs. Osborn), bust of Pasteur by P. Dubois; Consul General F. Roel, Mexican Consulate, New York City, 4 photographs of bronze statue of Guantemoctzin presented by Mexico to Brazil ; Mrs. John Wood Stewart (in memory of Mr. John Wood Stewart), painting of undersea scene by Zarh H. Pritchard, "Coral Garden"; Mrs. W. K. Vanderbilt, undersea painting by Zarh H. Pritchard, "Coral Pinnacles in the Lagoon of Maraa, Tahiti"; Paul M. Warburg and Miss Bettina Warburg, painting of undersea landscape by Zarh H. Pritchard, "Coral Garden, Maraa, Tahiti." The Library has been enriched by rare volumes presented by Mr. Ogden Mills and Mr. James B. Ford. The Trustees wish to express their appreciation of the many courtesies extended during the year to members of the Museum's expeditions in various parts of the world, by gov- c ow - ernment officials, co-workers in science and citizens, edgments _ . _. TT . During Doctor Hovey s stay in Australia, as the Museum's delegate to the Pan Pacific Science Congress, he was the recipient of many courtesies for which grateful acknowledg- ment is made. We would mention especially favors received at the hands of the Government of the Commonwealth and those of Acknowledgments 39 the States of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland, and we are indebted to the following, among many others, for cour- tesies extended or assistance rendered: The Australian National Research Council, Sir T. Edgeworth David, Mr. R. H. Cambage, Professor L. E. Cotton, Dr. E. C. Andrews, Mr. Charles Hedley, Professor E. W. Skeats, Professor H. C. Richards, Sir Douglas Mawson and the mining companies at Broken Hill, New South Wales, and Mt. Lyell, Tasmania. In New Zealand material assist- ance was given by the Dominion Government and Professors R. Speight and P. Marshall. The United States Geological Survey gave special assistance in the preparation of the model of Yosemite Valley, California, through freedom to use an unpublished geological map of the region by Dr. F. C. Calkins and through Dr. Francois E. Matthes's unrivaled knowledge of the topography and glaciology of the area. The Survey also generously gave us the text and illustrations of "The Story of the Yosemite," by Dr. Matthes, for use in a guide leaflet descriptive of the model. Dr. Ulric Dahlgren, Director of the Mount Desert Biological Laboratory, Mount Desert Island, Maine, placed every facility of the Laboratory at the disposal of Dr. Miner while engaged in studying the fauna of the bottom of Frenchman's Bay. Through the cordial cooperation of Mr. C. F. Forsyth and his nephew, Mr. E. W. Forsyth, the Commissioner of Southern Andros, Dr. Miner was enabled to visit the Andros Islands to examine the coral reefs. The special assistance of Mr. J. E. Williamson, Nassau, Bahamas, inventor of the undersea tube, is also gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to Mr. Frank J. Myers, Research Associate, for assistance to Dr. Miner at Mount Desert Island, Maine, and in New Jersey. The Cooper Hewitt Electric Company, Hoboken, New Jersey, lent scientific apparatus to Dr. Lutz for his studies on insects in relation to color. Mr. Howard Notman kindly assisted in the scientific work on beetles. Mr. Herbert F. Schwarz assisted in the work on bees, and Mr. Chris E. Olsen and Mr. H. G. Barber in the work on Hemiptera. 40 Report of the Secretary Mr. L. L. Mowbray, being in Florida at the time of the capture of a 32-foot Whale Shark, conferred with Mr. Claude Nolan of Jacksonville, and secured the generous gift of this specimen to the Museum from Mr. Nolan. Mr. Mowbray's sketch, measure- ments and description of the shark make possible the construc- tion of a life-size model for the Hall of Fishes. Mr. Travers, of Currie and Company, Key West, and Lieutenant Brown, of the Coast Guard Service, lent much valuable assistance in handling this unwieldy monster. The Museum's Third Asiatic Expedition received many cour- tesies, which are greatly appreciated. We wish especially to mention the following: Mr. Dixon, of the Mackenzie Company; Captain Simpson, of the U. S. S. "Palos"; Captain Nielson, of the "Monecacy," and Mr. S. Bayard Colgate were of much assistance. The Standard Oil Company of Shanghai presented the Expedition with all the gasoline, oil, etc., for the summer of 1923. Colonel H. Dunlap, Commander of the American Guard, detailed his motor men for transport work. The Chinese Consul General in New York has been of friendly assistance to the expedition in the matter of ship- ping the collections. Mr. C. Badmajapoff, Mongolian Minister of Justice, obtained permission for the Expedition to work in Mon- golia. Mr. Franz A. Larsen was of great assistance in carrying on diplomatic negotiations with the Mongol Government and in many other ways. The Honorable Dr. Don Rafael H. Elizalde, E.E., M.P., Lega- tion of Ecuador, Washington, D. C. ; Mr. Archer Harman, Presi- dent Guayaquil and Quito Railway Co. ; Mr. E. Hope Norton, New York; Mr. W. R. Pfizer, Assistant to the Vice-President, Panama Railroad Co., New York, were of assistance to Mr. Anthony in connection with our Ecuadorian expedition. Mr. Ludovic Soderstrom, who has many times been the host for Museum workers in Ecuador, kindly placed his quarters at the disposition of Mr. Anthony and Mr. Tate for the establishment of a base in Quito. We are also indebted to Sr. Jacinto Jijon y Caamano, of Quito; Mr. A. M. Tweedy and Mr. M. G. Powell, of the South American Development Co., at Guayaquil. His Excellency Governor Sir W. Collet, through the Colonial Secretary, the Honorable Hampton King, at the Departments of Science and Agriculture, Messrs. W. Francis, L. D. Cleare, Mr. Acknowledgments 41 James Rodway ; and Mr. William Beebe, Director of the Tropical Research Station of the New York Zoological Society at Kartabo, British Guiana, extended courtesies to Mr. Herbert Lang during his trip to that region. The helpful assistance of the British Government officials, the Maharaja of Nepal, and several Indian princes opened the way for the securing by the Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition of specimens otherwise unobtainable. Special thanks are due to His Excellency the Earl of Reading, G.C.B., etc., Viceroy of India ; the Maharaja of Nepal ; General H. H. Maharaja, Sir Chandra Shumshere Jung Bahadur Rana, G.C.B., G.C.S.I., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., D.C.L., Prime Minister and Marshal of Nepal ; Sir Harcourt Butler, G.C.I. E., Governor of Burma, Ran- goon; His Excellency Sir William Marris, K.C.S.I., etc., Governor U. P., Lucknow; H. H. the Maharaja of Mysore; H. H. Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., C. I., Ruler of Bhopal ; Rani Surat Koer, O.B.E., Singahi, Kheri, Oudh ; Kunwar Dillipat Shah of Khairigarh, Singahi, Kheri, Oudh ; the Honorable W. P. Barton, C.S.I., CLE., I.C.S., Bangalore; Captain H. J. L. Fremlin, Attikan P.O., Mysore; P. Hopwood, Esq., M.C., Con- servator of Forests, Tenasserin Division, Rangoon, Burma; Mirza M. Ismail, O.B.E., Private Secretary to H. H. the Maharaja of Mysore ; Khan-Bahadur, Sir M. Israr Hasan Khan, KT., CLE., Home Member, Bhopal; A. P. Kinloch, Esq., Kollengode P.O., Malabra; Ralph C Morris, Esq., Honnametti, Attikan P.O., Mysore; Colonel Sir Nawab Oligah Nasrullah, Khan Bahadur, K.C.S.I., etc., Heir Apparent of Bhopal ; Sir Malcolm Seton, India Office ; Sir William Duke, India Office ; J. H. W. Trough- ton, Esq., I.C.S., Taungdwingye, Burma; J. E. C Turner, Esq., Deputy Conservator of Forests, North Kheri Division, Kheri, Oudh. Mr. Robert Tomlinson, Kispiox, British Columbia, assisted Dr. Goddard in obtaining a totem pole from the Tsimshian Indians. Mr. Albert Covington Janin, a Trustee of the Mammoth Cave Estate, extended courtesies to Mr. Nelson during his visit to Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Mr. Nelson was the guest of the Mammoth Cave Estate during his examination of the caves in Kentucky. 42 Report of the Secretary Mr. B. F. Pankey, Lamy, New Mexico, the owner of the site of the San Cristobal ruin, near Lamy, gave permission to excavate the burial mounds of the ruins. He allowed Mr. Nelson and Dr. Sullivan the use of his home ranch house for living quarters and placed at their disposal several of his storehouses; his fore- man and ranchmen assisted in various ways. Mr. W. J. Cooper, Superintendent of Schools, Fresno, Califor- nia ; Mr. F. H. Sutton, Principal Technical High School, and Mr. I. W. Cappleman, Principal Kirk School, cooperated with Dr. Sullivan during his studies of racial types among the school chil- dren of Fresno. Professor F. C. Paschal, University of Arizona, Tucson, coop- erated with Dr. Sullivan in a psychological and anthropological analysis of Mexican school children in Tucson. Professor Eugen Dubois offered hospitality and courtesies to Dr. J. H. McGregor during Professor McGregor's studies abroad. Through cooperation of the Southwest Society and Dr. Elsie Clews Parsons, Mr. Owen Cattell was sent to Zuni late in Novem- ber and secured a motion picture record of Shalako, the most im- portant Zuni ceremony. Through the liberal policy and active cooperation of govern- ment officials and the directors of several Australian museums, Mr. Raven was able to secure collecting permits in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania. The Museum is especially in- debted to Dr. Thomas Storey Dixson, President; Dr. Charles Anderson, Director; Dr. Charles Hedley, and the entire staff of the Australian Museum at Sydney; Professor Launcelot Harri- son, Sydney University; Dr. A. H. Burckitt, School of Medicine, Sydney University; Mr. A. H. Chisholm, Sydney Daily Tele- graph; Mr. Ellis S. Joseph, Sydney; Mr. Harry Burrell, Sydney; Mr. A. S. Le Souef, Taronga Zoological Park; Mr. Heber Long- man, Director, and Mr. M. J. Colclough, of the Queensland Mu- seum ; Mr. William Gray, North Queensland ; Professor F. Wood Jones, University of Adelaide; Mr. H. H. Scott, Curator of the Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania; Dr. Ray McClinton, Launceston; Professor T. T. Flynn and Colonel Thomas, University of Tasmania; and Mr. E. Buries, Manager of the Arthur River Sawmill, Tasmania. Membership Privileges 43 Through the generosity of Mr. Harrison Williams, and of Mr. William Beebe, of the New York Zoological Society, a habitat group of Amblyrhynchus was made possible. General Membership Every State in the Union and forty foreign countries were represented in the membership of The American Museum of Natural History in 1923. During the year, 1,075 new Members were enrolled, and on December 31 the total membership was 7,273, the largest number in our history. Members receive Natural History, a popular illustrated bi- monthly journal published by the Museum. The magazine is de- voted to the advancement of natural science, the Membership recording of scientific research, exploration and dis- Privileges , , , , e , •, • • covery, and the development of museum exhibition and museum influence in education. Members are invited to use the Members' Room on the third floor, where they may read, rest or write letters during their visits to the Museum. Through request to the attendant in this room, an instructor will meet Members and conduct them to the most inter- esting exhibits. Special lectures are given every year for Members, and there are a number of public lectures, to which Members are welcome. The American Museum is reciprocating with the following organizations in the exchange of membership privileges : The Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Reciprocal The State Historical and Natural History Society Membership , ^ , , -~. Privileges °* Colorado, Denver The Newark Museum Association The Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma The Toledo Museum of Art The Saint Paul Institute, Saint Paul, Minnesota The Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia The American Association of Museums When a Member of our Museum presents his membership card at the office of the museum of any of the above societies, the privi- leges accorded the members of these societies will be accorded the 44 Report of the Secretary Member of the American Museum, and vice versa. This plan, with which we are heartily in sympathy, was suggested by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, to promote the friendly rela- tions already existing between these societies, to encourage and stimulate the interest of members, and to increase scientific knowledge. Some of the lectures and meetings in 1923, to which Members were invited were: Spring Course: "Big Game Animals of New Lectures for Brunswick," by Donald R. Dickey ; "Days and Nights on Dominican Trails," G. Kingsley Noble ; "My Six Years in the Jungle of the Malay Peninsula," Carveth Wells ; "The Songs of Our Birds," Charles Crawford Gorst. Autumn Course : "The Birth of the Earth," Harlow Shapley ; "The Yellowstone National Park," Carlos E. Cummings ; "Gala- pagos : World's End," William Beebe ; "Exploring in Polynesia," Robert Cushman Murphy. Spring Course : "Wild Life from Tide-Line to Mountain-Top," William L. Finley; "Insect Stories," Oliver P. Medsger; "An In- dian Morning," Chinquilla and Os-ke-non-ton ; "Pol- Lectures lywog Tales," Ruth Crosby Noble. of Members Autumn Course: "An Hour with Peter Rabbit and His Friends," Thornton W. Burgess ; "Dream Pictures" (Musical Interpretations of Nature's Moods), Branson De Cou; "Training Wild Animals in Africa," Carl E. Akeley; "Wild Animal Friends of Mine," Ernest Harold Baynes. The Museum co-operated with the American Scenic and His- toric Preservation Society in giving a popular illustrated lecture, January 5, on "Beautiful Africa," by Carl E. Akeley. Special The ]sjew York Academy of Sciences gave, Jan- uary 15, in the Museum aaditorium, a popular illus- trated lecture, "Our Granular Universe — Some Modern Views on How the Atom is Built," by John Mills, and on March 19, "Chem- istry Within the Atom," by Dr. E. D. Crittenden. The Visual Instruction Association of America gave, February 1, a lecture by M. P. Adams, in our auditorium, "Australia and Its Wild Nor' West," film and lecture by courtesy of Ascher Produc- tions, Inc. On February 8, the Museum presented the motion picture film Summary of Membership 45 "Evolution," produced by Dr. Raymond L. Ditmars, edited by Dr. Benjamin C. Gruenberg, published by Urban Motion Picture In- dustries, Inc. The Museum arranged a private view for Members, March 8, of the remarkable film "Safari : Martin and Osa Johnson's African Hunt," with a talk by Martin Johnson on his experiences in photo- graphing wild animals. On March 23, the Museum arranged a private view for Mem- bers, the first showing in America, of the film "As a Bird of Pas- sage in Africa," introduced by the author, Bengt Berg. The Museum co-operated with the Federation for Child Study, April 19, presenting "Behind the Scenes with the Movie Makers," an illustrated talk by Dr. Rowland Rogers on the use of the motion picture as a tool in education. The New York Academy of Sciences presented an illustrated lecture in the Museum, November 19, by Charles Lane Poor, "Errors of Einstein." The Museum gave in its auditorium a special lecture for Mem- bers, by Roy Chapman Andrews, November 23, illustrated by slides and motion pictures, the first account of the work of the Museum's Third Asiatic Expedition, in co-operation with ASIA Magazine, including the discovery of dinosaurs and other fossils in the desert of Mongolia. The Museum gave a lecture on December 21, "Jungle Life in India," by Colonel J. C. Faunthorpe, illustrated with still and mov- ing photographs. The number of new Members enrolled during 1923 was 1075, of which 77 were Life Members. The loss through death and resignation was 352. There was a net gain of 723, Status of _ ancj on December 31, 1923, the total membership Membership . was 7,273, divided into classes as follows : Founders 0 Fellows 52 Benefactors 12 Honorary Life Members 43 Associate Founders 11 Life Members 984 Associate Benefactors 20 Corresponding Members 22 Patrons 123 Sustaining Members 136 Honorary Fellows 12 Annual Members 3,859 Associate Members (non-resident) 1,999 46 Report of the Secretary NEW MEMBERS The following- were elected Benefactors : Amos F. Eno* Geo. D. Pratt Edward S. Harkness Felix M. Warburg Harry Payne Whitney The following were elected Associate Founders: Childs Frick Adrian Iselin The following were elected Patrons: Mrs. Walter Wehle Naumburg Herbert F. Schwarz W. K. Vanderbilt Arthur S. Vernay The following was elected a Fellow: S. Bayard Colgate The following were elected Honorary Life Members : Roy Chapman Andrews General His Highness Ma- C. Badmajapoff haraja, Sir Chandra _ „ Shumshere Tung Dr. Joseph Bequaert a r> t^ J A. P. Kinloch His Excellency, Sir Har- Franz A. Larsen court Butler, G.C.I.E. His Excellency, The Earl Col. J. C. Faunthorpe of Reading, G.C.B. Mrs. Mary White Tsipouras Arthur S. Vernay The following were elected Life Members through Contribu- tion of One Hundred Dollars, or by Gift of Books or Specimens Valued at Two Hundred Dollars or more : George N. Armsby Beecher S. Bowdish Louis Bamberger Mrs. George Temple Bow- Mrs. DWIGHT J. BAUM DOIN Albert Blum George T. Brokaw Irving W. Bonbright Douglas Burden •Deceased. New Members 47 Guy Cary Wilson Catherwood Dr. Henry H. Covell C. I. Day Mrs. Dorothy Ryle de Ber- nard Herbert M. Dibert Mrs. E. L. Dickerson Mrs. John Harden Dorn H. F. Dunham William J. Eakins Mrs. Robert G. Elbert Ruth B. Fisher Robert Goelet William P. Harris, Jr. Mrs. Wm. Wade Hinshaw Walter W. Holmes John Noyes Mead Howells Roland Jackson Hunter Mrs. Edward F. Hutton Dr. Foster Kennedy Samuel S. Keyser Lindsley F. Kimball Arthur Korth Shepard Krech Mrs. George F. Kunz Walter G. Ladd Mrs. Walter Graeme Ladd Miss Elizabeth K. Lamont Goodhue Livingston, Jr. Wilton Lloyd-Smith Mrs. Elizabeth C. Marmon Mrs. A. Graham Miles Mrs. S. Z. Mitchell Park M. Eugene M. Moore Thomas F. Murtha Elk an Naumburg Miss Dorothy Oak Mrs. Carson C. Peck Mason M. Phelps Mrs. James Tolman Pyle Robert C. Ream Charles L. Riker Mrs. Douglas Robinson Francis Day Rogers Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. Wm. J. Ryan William Ryle H. Sandhagen Charles E. Schley Charles H. Scott Walter Scott Mrs. F. Sullivan Smith P. Shaw Sprague Maurice C. Sternbach, Jr. Albert Th. Stewart Miss Clara F. Stillman Henry Osborn Taylor Seth E. Thomas, Jr. T. Gaillard Thomas Rev. Tertius van Dyke J. H. Wade Mrs. W. Austin Wadsworth Mrs. Frank Osman Warner Mrs. J. Watson Webb Harold T. White Payne Whitney Prof. Alice Wilson Wilcox Woolley The following have become Sustaining Members Mrs. Elbridge Adams Mrs. Hanna E. Belden C. Allen Blyth Miss Elizabeth D. Bowen 48 Report of the Secretary Mrs. Henry W. J. Bucknall Lewis A. Hird Floyd L. Carlisle Joseph Kohnstamm Wm. W. Carman Charles E. F. McCann Mrs. Clarence Dillon Dr. L. D. Ricketts Chas. M. Dutcher Mrs. Phelps Stokes Mrs. A. Wentworth Erick- Annette Tilford son Lawrence B. Van Ingen Hancke Hencken Mrs. E. Walpole Warren Arthur A. Zucker DECEASED MEMBERS Patrons George J. Gould Paul J. Rainey Princess V. Lwoff-Parlaghy Mrs. F. F. Thompson Fellows Miss Mary Cynthia Dickerson Frederick Potter Honorary Life Member Paul J. Rainey Life Members Rev. Arthur Huntington Theodore R. Hoyt Allen Rudolph Keppler Henry Clews William H. Moore Wm. P. Clyde William F. Patterson Miss Katharine Du Bois Albert Smith Clarence H. Eagle Miss Clara B. Spence Mrs. David S. Eggleston Mrs. Robert Stewart Edward J. Farrell Walter C. Witherbee Mrs. W. R. Grace Henry R. Wolcott A complete list of Members is appended. Respectfully submitted, Percy R. Pyne, Secretary. Finances 49 FINANCES, MAINTENANCE, ENDOWMENT Report of the Treasurer The restrictions attached to several divisions of the Museum's income make it desirable to record the transactions in these funds in independent and separate accounts. Thus, the appropriation from the City is applied to the care, maintenance and upkeep of the buildings, and to the Museum's educational work, especially the contact with the schools. Therefore, these moneys are kept entirely separate — City Maintenance Account — from any other Museum funds. Similarly, the income from the Jesup Fund can be applied only to scientific research, publication and collections. There are five major and three minor accounts. The major accounts are: The Endowment and Investment Account: the capital account of the Permanent Endowment. The General Account, through which the Trustees' general funds are received and disbursed. The Morris K. Jesup Fund Account : the record of the receipts and disbursements for scientific work carried on through the in- come of the Jesup Fund. The Special Funds Account, through which contributions for specific purposes are disbursed. The City Maintenance Account, which records the use of the City's appropriation for operating expenses. The minor accounts include: The Corporate Stock Account, which shows the disbursements of moneys appropriated by the City for case construction and equipment. The Trustees' Building Fund Account, through which the in- come only of the Trustees' Building Fund is disbursed. The Incidental Account, in which are recorded moneys which are not part of the Museum funds proper but are handled by the Trustees as a matter of courtesy or convenience. The Treasurer's Report, pages 54 to 67, gives a complete statement of the transactions in the respective accounts. This method of keeping our books does not segregate the total cost 50 Report of Treasurer of Museum activities, which for 1923 may be summarized as follows : General Operating Expenses : City Appropriation for Maintenance $342,313.36 Trustees' General Funds: (Applied to Maintenance and to Scientific Work) 325,154.54 Morris K. Jesup Fund: (Restricted to Scientific Work) 288,906.93 Special Funds : (Contributions for Specific Purposes) 105,803.60 Trustees' Building Fund 1,335.82 Corporate Stock Fund: (Appropriated by the City for Equipment) 21,948.00 Total cost of operation $1,085,462.25 The Endowment of the Museum is the real basis of per- manent growth and development of Museum activities. The Treasurer and the Finance Committee, assisted again by the Advisory Committee on Investments, composed of Mr. Arthur M. Anderson, Mr. Francis D. Bartow, and Mr. Charles E. Mitchell, have given close attention to conserving the capital of the funds and to increasing the amount of annual yield. The capital fund has been enriched during the year by the following important gifts : Mr. Edward S. Harkness, $50,000 (reported in 1922); Mr. George D. Pratt, $50,000; Mr. Felix M. Warburg, $19,000; Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, $26,750; Mr. J. P. Morgan, $127,187.50; and through bequests: Charles E. Rhinelander, $5,000; Albert M. P. Mitchell, $4,953.97; Louisa Combe, $2,403.18; and membership fees, $7,900. The total book value of the Endowment on December 31, 1923, was $10,850,845.78, an increase of $490,440.84 during the year. This increase is made up of $420,532.74 new capital by gift, bequest and membership fees, nnd $69,908.10 as a result of the sales and reinvestments by the Finance Committee. President Osborn, in his annual address to the Trustees, pointed out that $3,000,000 new endowment was needed imme- diately to maintain the present activities of the Museum, and contributions for this purpose will be welcomed by the Trustees. Respectfully submitted, George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer. 52 Report of the Treasurer SUMMARY OF CLASSIFICATION THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTOR Jesup Fund Salaries Other Items Scientific $187,503.80 $99,048.34 Administration Heating and Lighting Repairs and Construction of Heating and Lighting Repairs and Construction.. General Expenses 2,354.79 Totals by Account Morgan Memorial Hall Fund $187,503.80 $101,403.13 288,906.93 General Account City Maint. Accouj Othei Item: Salaries $101,062.60 67,911.15 7,683.49 12,813.95 28,810.12 Other Items $31,076.32 44,751.80 7,386.72 5,027.34 6,747.59 11,883.46 Salaries $57,040.27 190,169.29 23,242.49 3,140.22 27,976.54 $14,724. 16,163. 3,770. 6,085. $218,281.31 $106,873.23 $301,568.81 $40,744. 325,154.54 342,313.36 Summary of Expenditures 53 >F DISBURSEMENTS OF OR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1923 Special Funds Account Other Salaries Items $38,696.39 $67,107.21 Trustees' Building Corporate Fund Stock Account Account Other Items Salaries Grand Totals Totals Totals 1923 1923 1922 Other Salaries Items $384,303.06 $197,231.87 $581,534.93 $564,339.88 258,080.44 59,476.41 317,556.85 292,980.26 30,925.98 23,550.61 54,476.59 50,868.74 3,140.22 8,797.41 $21,948.00 62,738.49 12,833.57 $1,335.82 28,810.12 15,574.07 11,937.63 13,540.25 75,572.06 60,254.90 44,384.19 42,970.14 $38,696.39 $67,107.21 $1,335.82 $21,948.00 $767,998.31 $317,463.94 $1,085,462.25 $1,024,954.17 105,803.60 1,335.82 21,948.00 $30,162.89 $1,055,117.06 Fred H. Smyth, Bursar. February 4, 1924. 54 The American Museum of Natural History FINANCIAL STATEMENT 1923 PERMANENT ENDOWMENT Morris K. Jesup Fund General Endowment Fund* The Sage Fund George F. Baker Fund John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund Special Endowment Funds : J. F. Morgan Fund Jonathan Thorne Memorial Fund. Matilda W. Bruce Fund Margaret Olivia Sage Fund Physical Anthropology Fund Anson W. Hard Library Fund Uninvested Cash : Morris K. Jesup Fund $524.91 General Endowment Fund 14,110.08 The Sage Fund 104.86 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund 152,07272 George F. Baker Fund 4.65 Par Value $6,556,038.80 1,618,882.65 1,573,300.00 263,150.00 898,850.00 450,350.00 26,700.00 11,000.00 11,000.00 10,528.55 5,000.00 Book Value $6,005,743.26 1,565,930.28 1,334,003.48 249,995.35 1,018,221.02 449,219.53 24,923.05 11,000.00 9,995.00 9,997.59 5,000.00 $11,424,800.00 $10,684,028.56 166,817.22 166,817.22 $11,591,617.22 $10,850,845.78 TRUSTEES' BUILDING FUND Bonds Cash . Par Value $105,500.00 5,903.48 Book Value $102,930.91 5,903.48 $111,403.48 $108,834.39 •Contributors to the General Endowment Fund, 1884-1923: Auchincloss, Hugh Baker, George F Bridgham, Fanny Combe, Louisa Constable, James M.... Davis, Benjamin P Douglas, James Eno, Amos F Harkness, Edward S.... Havemeyer, H. O James, Arthur Curtiss,. Jesup, Maria De Witt.. 5 Jesup, Morris K 1 Juilliard, A. D Juilliard, Helen C Kitching, Frank W Mills, D. O..... Morgan, John Pierpont. . Morgan, J. P Ottendorfer, Oswald.... Pratt, George D Pyne, Percy R. (No. 1). Rockefeller, John D., Jr.l Sage, Mrs. Russell. Stuart, Mrs. Mary.. Thorne, Phebe Anna. Tilf ord, Charles E. . . Trevor, Mrs. Emily. Vanderbilt, Cornelius Vanderbilt. William H $10,223.56 Warburg, Felix M $19,000.00 250,000.00 Astor, W. W 1,000.00 15,000.00 Babcock, Samuel D 5,000.00 42,172.33 Baugh, Margaret L 10,000.00 25,000.00 Bishop, Cortlandt Field. 500.00 22,799.25 Bishop, David Wolfe... 500.00 100,000.00 Bishop, H. R 1,000.00 218,000.00 Bliss, George 1,000.00 100,000.00 Bliss, Mrs. William H.. 5,000.00 25,000.00 Bondy, Emil C 10,000.00 26,750.00 Booth, Mary A 124.13 000,000.00 Bowdoin, George S 5,000.00 225,000.00 Bradford, Mrs. A. A... 1,000.00 100,000.00 Bruce, Miss Matilda W. 10,000.00 50,000.00 Constable, Frederick A. 2,000.00 10,043.00 Cruikshank, James 95.25 125,000.00 Davis, Mrs. J. C. Bancroft 50.00 325,000.00 Dodge, William E 5,000.00 127,187.50 Dodge, W. E 10,000.00 30,000.00 Fiske, Mrs. Martha T. . 10,000.00 50,000.00 Forbes-Leith, A. J 1,000.00 45,000.00 Gade, Frederika 4,956.72 ,025,000.00 Goldenberg, Joel 1,900.00 ,300,513.29 Halsted, Miss L. P 100.00 50,000.00 Hard, Anson W 5,000.00 30,000.00 Hitchcock, Miss S. M.. 5,000.00 25,070.37 Huntington, C. P 5,000.00 30,098.90 Iden, Henry 10,000.00 25,000.00 Iselin, Adrian 10,000.00 50,000.00 Jacobi, A 300.00 James, D. Willis $5,000.00 Jones, Emma Chambers. 1,000.00 Landon, Charles 5,000.00 Lanier, Charles 4,500.00 Lawrence, Mrs. Samuel. 500.00 Loeb, Solomon 5,000.00 Matthiesson, F. 0 1,000.00 Mitchell, Albert M. P.. 4,953.97 Parsons, John E 1,000.00 Pyne, Percy R 2,500.00 Rand, George C 100.00 Rhinelander, Charles E.. 9,000.00 Rockefeller, William 10,000.00 Roebling, John A 1,000.00 Rogers, Mrs. Mary E.. 1,000.00 Russ, Edward S 1,000.00 Sands, William R 10,000.00 Schermerhorn, Wm. C.. 5,000.00 Seligman, Henry 1,000.00 Swords, Mrs. James R.. 500.00 Van Praag, Leonidas A. 500.00 Villard, Henry 5,000.00 Wilson, R. T 1,000.00 $10,672,938.27 Patronship Fees 23,000.00 Fellowship Fees 4,500.00 Life Membership Fees . . 59,900.00 $10,760,338.27 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 55 ENDOWMENT AND INVESTMENT ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 General Endowment Fund: Balance $30,060.73 Proceeds from sale of Bonds and Stocks.. *38,243.40 Mortgage Payments 32,550.00 Edward S. Harkness Gift 50,000.00 George D. Pratt Gift 50,000.00 Felix M. Warburg Gift 19,000.00 Bequest of Charles E. Rhinelander 5,000.00 Bequest of Albert M. P. Mitchell 4,953.97 Bequest of Louisa Combe 2,403.18 Membership Fees 7,900.00 George F. Baker Fund, Balance 153.00 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund : Balance $208,004.00 Sale of Stocks 586,637.50 Sale of Rights 39,493.74 834,135.24 The Sage Fund : Balance $3,621.36 Third Payment by Executors 100,000.00 103,621.36 Total General Endowment $1,178,020.88 Special Endowment Funds: Morris K. Jesup Fund : Balance $2,395.10 Sale of Bonds 15,488.41 J. P. Morgan Fund: Balance $37.65 Sale of Stock fl26.196.00 17,883.51 126,233.65 Jonathan Thorne Memorial Fund : Balance 756.79 Interest on Credit Balances 3,209.51 Disbursements, 1923 $1,326,104.34 General Endowment Fund: Purchase of Bonds $226,001.20 George F. Baker Fund : Purchase of Bonds 148.35 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund : Purchase of Bonds 682,062.52 The Sage Fund: Purchase of Bonds $87,844.35 Accrued Interest (to General Account) 15,672.15 103,516.50 Total General Endowment $1,011,728.57 Special Endowment Funds: Morris K. Jesup Fund : Purchase of Bonds 17,358.60 J. P. Morgan Fund : Purchase of Bonds $126,232.18 Transferred to General Account 1.47 126,233.65 Jonathan Thorne Memorial Fund: Purchase of Bonds '. $743.05 Transferred to General Account 13.74 756.79 Interest on Credit Balances (to General Account) 3,209.51 Cash on hand December 31, 1923 166,817.22 * This includes proceeds from sale of 500 shares of Anaconda Copper Mining ' " Company stock contributed to the General Endowment Fund by Mr. Arthur $1,326,104.34 Curtiss James. — -— __ t Proceeds from sale of stock (book value $127,187.50) presented by Mr. J. P. Morgan. 56 The American Museum of Natural History CITY MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT* Receipts, 1923 Capital Fund: Cash on hand January 1, 1923 $14,806.04 Department of Parks (Appropriation for 1922) : 2. Office Supplies $73.49 3. Laundry, Cleaning and Disinfecting Supplies.. 8.00 4. Motor Vehicle Supplies 100.67 8. General Plant Equipment 11.80 193.96 $15,000.00 Department of Parks (Appropriation for 1923) : Salaries, Regular Employees $301,568.81 Expenses for Other Than Personal Service : 1. Fuel Supplies $12,320.00 2. Office Supplies 5,594.05 3. Laundry, Cleaning and Disinfecting Supplies 1,540.00 4. Motor Vehicle Supplies 924.00 5. General Plant Supplies 2,464.00 6. Wearing Apparel 1,155.00 7. Office Equipment 385.00 8. General Plant Equipment 577.50 9. General Plant Materials 7,084.00 10. General Repairs and Replacements. .$1,201.73 Awaiting Reimbursement 1,493.27 2,695.00 11. Telephone service 924.00 12. Fixed Charges and Contributions 5,082.00 40,744.55 Total net receipts for the maintenance of all departments $342,313.36 Interest on Credit Balances 453.57 Disbursements, 1923 $357,766.93 Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology $3,128.85 Mineralogy 2,553.02 Mammalogy 4,299.91 Ornithology 3,919.27 Vertebrate Palaeontology 4,277.11 Anthropology 8,343.52 Ichthyology 2,070.23 Herpetology 1,756.60 Lower Invertebrates 5,131.05 Entomology 3,751.95 Library 9,866.14 Public Education 11,110.00 Preparation and Exhibition 1,557.00 Division of Printing 5,705.50 Heating and Lighting 47,322.72 Repairs and Installation 43,535.83 General Supplies and Expenses 13,146.13 Administration 170,838.53 Total net disbursements for the maintenance of all departments $342,313.36 Interest on Credit Balances (to General Account) 453.57 Capital Fund: Cash on hand December 31, 1923 $13,506.73 Bills Awaiting Reimbursement from Department of Parks, De- cember 31, 1923 1,493.27 * The annual appropriation of the city can be used only for the maintenance of the Museum and is inadequate for this purpose. It cannot be used for the purchase of specimens or for the expenses of exploring and collecting expeditions. The deficiency in maintenance for 1923, amounting to $218,303.41, has been met from the Trustee's General Account. 15,000.00 $357,766.93 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 57 MORRIS K. JESUP FUND ACCOUNT* Receipts, 1923 Trustees' Restricted Funds: Cash on hand January 1, 1923 $18,180.30 Income from Morris K. Jesup Fund $278,981.47 Sale of Publications 1,301.21 Sales and Exchanges 389.37 Interest on Credit Balances 733.08 281,405.13 Total net receipts for the development of all departments $299,585.43 Disbursements, 1923 Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology $15,011.86 Mineralogy 2,219.26 Mammalogy 34,360.41 Ornithology 17,814.14 Vertebrate Palaeontology 38,975.77 Comparative Anatomy 8,677.27 President Osborn's Science Fund 7,212.49 Anthropology 31,565.55 Ichthyology 5,986.87 Dr. Dean's Research and Publication Fund 1,200.00 Herpetology 5,906.46 Lower Invertebrates 5,319.28 Entomology 6,747.38 Woods and Forestry 1,800.00 Library 10,289.22 Public Education 9.80 Preparation and Exhibition 66,318.13 Publications 16,289.50 Division of Printing 10,232.19 General Supplies and Expenses 16.56 Administration 600.00 Interest on Bank Loans 2,354.79 Total net disbursements for the development of all departments $288,906.93 Cash on hand December 31, 1923t 10,678.50 $299,585.43 •Disbursements of Uiis account are made as the Board of Trustees may direct, for the purchase of specimens, for the expenses of field parties, and for the support of scientific work. tThe Treasurer's books show a balance on hand December 31, 1923, of $10,678.50, which has been carried forward to 1924 to meet pledges and obligations contracted in 1923. 58 The American Museum of Natural History GENERAL ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Income from General Endowment $76,932.72 Income from the Sage Fund 70,785.37 Income from George F. Baker Fund 13,155.69 Income from John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund 42,070.66 Interest on Credit Balances 4,554.90 Annual Members 38,395.00 Sustaining Members 3,275.00 Associate Members 5,646.00 Sales and Exchanges 1,046.54 Sale of Publications 6,103.61 Subscriptions to Natural History 2,971.80 Contributions of Trustees for General Purposes : George F. Baker, Jr $3,500.00 Frederick F. Brewster 1,500.00 Cleveland H. Dodge 2,500.00 Walter Douglas 1,500.00 W. A. Harriman 1,000.00 Archer M. Huntington 1,000.00 Adrian Iselin 1,000.00 Arthur Curtiss James 2,500.00 Walter B. James 500.00 Ogden Mills 5,000.00 J. P. Morgan 6,000.00 Henry Fairfield Osborn 1,000.00 George D. Pratt 2,500.00 Percy R. Pyne 2,000.00 John B. Trevor 500.00 Felix M. Warburg 2,500.00 $34,500.00 Contributions for General Purposes: Hewlett Scudder $20.00 F. Lange 400.00 $420.00 Total net receipts for the development of all departments $299,857.29 Income from the Sage Fund, 1921 $10,651.07 Income from the Sage Fund, 1922 3,372.37 $14,023.44 Contributions of Trustees for General Purposes for 1924: Childs Frick 3,500.00 Loans : Incidental Account, Group Life Insurance No. 1 $1,269.89 Incidental Account, Group Life Insurance No. 2 762.37 Bursar's Account 35,000.00 $37,032.26 Bank Loans: Proceeds of Notes held by the United States Trust Company of New York 250,000.00 $604,412.99 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 59 GENERAL ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology $9,121.73 Mineralogy 2,481.46 Mammalogy 8,226.74 Ornithology 6,722.63 Vertebrate Palaeontology 7,662.67 Comparative Anatomy 3,211.93 Anthropology 10,859.81 Ichthyology 3,762.73 Herpetology 5,541.66 Lower Invertebrates 6,994.20 Entomology 4,085.74 Comparative Physiology 21.37 Public Health 1,065.61 Library 15,886.42 Public Education 23,254.59 Preparation and Exhibition 3,772.73 Publications 19,073.60 Division of Printing 22,369.81 Heating and Lighting 16,837.49 Repairs and Installation 27,802.72 General Supplies and Expenses 41,068.90 Administration 57,391.55 Pension Fund 18,996.54 Group Life Insurance 4,767.06 Interest on Bank Loans 4,174.85 Total net disbursements for the development of all departments $325,154.54 Deficit of 1922 Account 15,000.97 Loans : Incidental Account $2,619.23 Bursar's Account 35,000.00 37,619.23 Balance December 31, 1923: Proceeds of Notes held by United States Trust Company of New York to meet overdrafts *226,638.25 $604,412.99 ♦Balance of December 31, 1923, is the remainder of the Notes held by the United States Trust Company of New York.. $226,638.25 Loans Receivable: Group Life Insurance advance $1,856.86 Disbursements made in anticipation of the Accrued In- terest of the Sage Bequest during 1921, balance 12,748.28 Ditto for 1922 8,864.65 Ditto for 1923 3,391.96 Contributions of Trustees for General Purposes for 1924 (Paid in 1923) $3,500.00 Proceeds of Notes held by the United States Trust Company of New York 250,000.00 26,861.75 $253,500.00 $253,500.00 60 The American Museum of Natural History SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Geology and Invertebrate Palaeontology : James Douglas Geological Fund: Balance $850.00 Mineralogy : Matilda W. Bruce Fund: Balance $549.01 Interest 660.00 J. P. Morgan Fund : Transferred from Reserve 287.00 Mammalogy: George S. Bowdoin Whale Model Fund: Balance $1,000.00 Third Asiatic Expedition Fund: Balance $150.34 American Asiatic Assn 6,000.00 George F. Baker 1,000.00 Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Bernheimer 500.00 Estate of H. P. Davison 1,000.00 Childs Frick 2,000.00 W. A. Harriman 250.00 Arthur Curtiss James 1,000.00 Gilbert S. McClintock 100.00 Hoyt Miller 10.00 J. P. Morgan 7,500.00 Henry Fairfield Osborn 500.00 John D. Rockefeller, Jr 7,500.00 Morris K. Jesup Fund : Subscription 16,072.00 $1,209.01 1,496.01 Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition Fund: Arthur S. Vernay 2,085.00 43,582.34 46,667.34 Ornithology : Crandall Oological Fund: Balance $1,160.00 Margaret Olivia Sage Fund: Interest 427.88 Whitney South Sea Expedition Fund: Balance $1,580.17 Harry Payne Whitney 20,000.00 21,580.17 Panama Bird Fund: Balance 1,000.00 Amazon Field Fund: Balance $250.00 Mrs. E. M. B. R. Naumburg 1,000.00 Special Bird Fund: Alfred M. Collins 75.00 1,250.00 25,493.05 Carried forward $74,506.40 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 61 SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 Mineralogy : Matilda W. Bruce Fund: Purchase of Specimens $558.05 J. P. Morgan Fund: Murals and Tablet 287.00 $845.05 Mammalogy: Third Asiatic Expedition Fund: Field Expenses in China $34,675.83 Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition Fund: Field Expenses in India 2,085.00 36,760.83 Ornithology : Margaret Olivia Sage Fund: Field Expenses in Chile $427.88 Whitney South Sea Expedition: Field Expenses in South Sea Islands 20,008.94 Amazon Field Fund: Purchase of Birds 155.06 Special Bird Fund: Purchase of Birds 75.00 20,666.88 Carried forward $58,272.76 62 The American Museum of Natural History SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Brought forward $74,506.40 Vertebrate Palaeontology: Edward D. Cope Biography Fund: Balance $300.00 Mrs. Julia Cope Collins 50.00 $350.00 Pleistocene Faunal Life Scenes Fund: Balance 50.00 American Pliocene Fund: Balance $5,259.50 Anonymous 6,800.00 12,059.50 Third Asiatic Field Fund: Balance 1,000.00 South Asiatic Field Fund: Balance 4,316.53 J. P. Morgan Fund: Transferred from Reserve 21,300.00 Western Field Fund: Balance $4,831.47 Anonymous 4,000.00 8,831.47 47,907.50 Comparative Anatomy : Evolution of Man Fund: Balance $139.77 Comparative Anatomy Fund: Balance 1,973.00 2,112.77 Anthropology : East Asiatic Fund: Balance $813.49 Anthropology of the Southwest Fund: Balance 23.68 Physical Anthropology Fund: Balance $59.85 Interest 446.14 505.99 Migrations Research Fund 1924: National Research Council 2,000.00 Navajo Expedition Fund: Mrs. Willard Straight 500.00 Anthropology Fund: Margaret Lewis 10.00 3,853.16 Ichthyology : Cleveland H. Dodge Ichthyology Fund: Balance 514.17 Fish Bibliography Fund: Bashford Dean 1,200.00 1,714.17 Carried forward $130,094.00 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 63 SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 Brought forward $58,27276 Vertebrate Palaeontology: American Pliocene Fund: Services of Preparators and Field Expenses $6,584.30 South Asiatic Field Fund: Salary of Field Assistants, and Field Expenses 4,316.53 J. P. Morgan Fund: Special Grant for Research and Publication Work, and Preparation of Murals 21,300.00 Western Field Fund: Field Expenses 2,496.85 34,697.68 Comparative Anatomy: Evolution of Man Fund: Special Services $113.67 Comparative Anatomy Fund: Special Services 1,035.72 1,149.39 Anthropology : East Asiatic Fund: Purchase of Specimen 25.00 Physical Anthropology Fund: Purchase of Specimens 505.99 Migrations Research Fund 1924: Special Services 1,577.94 Navajo Expedition Fund: Field Expenses 500.00 Anthropology Fund: Purchase of Specimen 10.00 2,618.93 Ichthyology : Cleveland H. Dodge Ichthyology Fund: Field Expenses 150.00 Fish Bibliography Fund: Special Services 52.22 202.22 Carried forward $96,940.98 64 The American Museum of Natural History SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Brought forward $130,094.00 Entomology : Entomological Fund: Balance $600.00 Herbert F. Schwarz 200.00 800.00 Library : Anson W. Hard Library Fund: Interest 212.50 Special Library Fund: James B. Ford $451.00 Ogden Mills 1,110.78 Public Education : Jonathan Thome Memorial Fund: Balance 142.78 Interest 1,095.74 School Fund: Department of Education of the City of New York: 1922 Account 5S.48 1923 Account 1,964.34 1,561.78 1,238.52 1,774.28 2,019.82 Preparation and Exhibition : Underseas Paintings Fund: Arthur Curtiss James 2,000.00 Mrs. John Wood Stewart 400.00 Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt 1,000.00 Miss Bettina Warburg 200.00 Paul M. Warburg 200.00 3,258.34 3,800.00 Publications : Jesup North Pacific Expedition Publication Fund: Balance 351.65 Total net receipts for the development of specific departments $140,078.27 J. P. Morgan Fund Reserve: Balance $535.28 Interest 21,602.19 22,137.47 Angelo Heilprin Exploring Fund Reserve: Balance $550.00 Mr. and Mrs. Paul J. Sachs 500.00 1,050.00 Interest on Credit Balances 854.82 $164,120.56 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 65 Brought forward. SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 $96,940.98 Library : Anson W. Hard Library Fund: Purchase of books Special Library Fund: Purchase of Books $212.50 1,561.78 1,774.28 Public Education : School Fund: Loaning Slides to Public Schools : 1922 Account $55.48 1923 Account 1,964.34 Jonathan Thome Memorial Fund: Education for the Blind 2,019.82 1,238.52 3,258.34 Preparation and Exhibition : Underseas Paintings Fund: Preparation of Murals... 3,800.00 Publications : Jesup North Pacific Expedition Publication Fund: Special Services 30.00 Total net disbursements for the development of specific departments. $105,803.60 J. P. Morgan Fund Reserve: Transferred to J. P. Morgan Fund, Mineralogy $287.00 Transferred to J. P. Morgan Fund, Vertebrate Palae- ontology 21,300.00 21,587.00 Interest on Credit Balances : Transferred to General Account. Cash on hand December 31, 1923. 854.82 35,875.14 $164,120.56 66 The American Museum of Natural History CORPORATE STOCK ACCOUNT 1923 Receipts: Department of Parks: C. D. P. 3 K $21,552.00 C. D. P. 3 Q 396.00 $21,948.00 Interest on Credit Balances 5.00 $21,953.00 Disbursements: Payroll of Mechanics, etc $21,948.00 Interest on Credit Balances, Transferred to General Account.. 5.00 $21,953.00 TRUSTEES' BUILDING FUND ACCOUNT 1923 Receipts: Cash on hand January 1, 1923 $2,666.42 Income from Investment Fund 4,471.25 Interest on Credit Balances 101.63 $7,239.30 Disbursements: Architects' Fees $1,335.82 Cash on hand December 31, 1923 5,903.48 $7,239.30 in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 67 INCIDENTAL ACCOUNT 1923 Receipts: Cash on hand January 1, 1923..... $230.58 Received from Individuals and Societies 4,003.51 Group Life Insurance : Employees' Premium Payments $4,693.56 Dividend on Policy 133.00 Loans from General Account 2,619.23 7,445.79 Interest on Credit Balances 31.03 $11,710.91 Disbursements: Disbursements for Individuals and Societies 3,946.10 Group Life Insurance : Premiums $5,012.97 Loan Instalments paid General Account 2,032.26 7,04523 Interest on Credit Balances, Transferred to General Account.. 31.03 Cash on hand December 31, 1923 688.55 $11,710.91 All the foregoing accounts have been Examined and /§^Sck" Wee Davison Inditing APProvedl Cleveland Earl Dodge / Committee E. & O. E. New York, December 31, 1923. George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer. Attendance 69 REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR AND CURATORS REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Frederic A. Lucas The greater events of the year — progress in the erection of the Southeast Wing and Hall of Ocean Life and the success of the Third Asiatic Expedition — are considered at length in the Report of the President ; it suffices to say here that the buildings have gone steadily upward and that the results of the Third Asiatic Expedition have exceeded our fondest hopes. The attendance has again passed the million mark and has exceeded that of 1922, the number of visitors being Attendance i246,4Q2, the total attendance being 1,431,722. STATISTICS OF NUMBERS REACHED BY THE MUSEUM AND ITS EXTENSION EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 Board of Education Lectures 1,191 17,632 27,362 16,711 18,917 Lectures to School Children and classes visiting the Museum for Study 35,221 57,627 51,133 118,651 134,669 Meetings of Scientific So- cieties and Other Meetings and Lectures 21,475 25,491 34,206 17,610 31,734 Total 57,887 100,750 112,701 152,972 185,320 Attendance in Exhibition Halls 810,575 937,265 1,061,696 1,156,884 1,246,402 Total attendance for all Purposes 868,462 1,038,015 1,174,397 1,309,856 1,431,722 Lectures to Pupils in Local .« ,»« ,„,.- „„ ,-„„ Centers 25,575 33,761 30,750 58,647 22,598 Number reached by Motion Picture Service 85.JUJ Number reached by Lantern Slide Service 2,582,585 3.839.Z83 "^cffl^^.^JMifil 1.312,487 1,247,515 1.648,608 1,491.021 Grand Total 1,849,475 2,384,263 2,452,662 5,599,696 6,869,926 The work of publicity, as heretofore, has been well adminis- tered by Mr. Pindar, ninety-five bulletins having been sent out from his office. This, however, is but a small por- Publicity tion of the work accomplished, as there are daily calls— frequently many calls a day— for information in regard to various branches of the work of the Museum. Such requests 70 Report of the President are particularly numerous when some item, such as the discovery of dinosaur eggs, appeals to the popular fancy, and it frequently happens that members of the staff are called up at their homes by enterprising writers in search of "copy." Due to its liberal attitude in the way of information and illus- trations, the work of the Museum is kept well before the public. The demand for "popular publications" continues good, the sales being, General Guide 4,174, Handbooks 2,414, Sales of Leaflets 6,870, reprints 942, and An Hour in the Publications y ' ' Museum z,141. The Leaflets most in demand are "Geology of New York City and Vicinity," "Peruvian Art," "Guide to the Mineral Collection," and "The Story of Museum Groups." The most popular Leaflet of all, "The Hall of the Age of Man," unfortunately has been out of print, but a new and enlarged edition was issued just as the year closed. The most popular Handbooks are "Ancient Civilizations of Mexico and Central America," and "Animals of the Past," the sales of which were respectively 447 and 745 copies. Under the supervision of Mr. Pindar, several series of much- needed postcards were issued during the year. The extension of the printing plant has, as was hoped, greatly increased the output of publications, though the great demands upon it, including the printing of Natural History, Printing have prevented the issue of as many Leaflets as have been called for. The printing of large editions, now that there is fairly good knowledge of what is desired by the public, will later on ease the present situation. Printed During 1923 Copies "Geology of New York City and Vicinity" 1,800 "Our Common Butterflies" 3,558 "Mastodons of the Hudson High- lands" 1,040 "General Guide" 9,500 "Birds of the New York City Re- gion" 4,000 "Guide to the Hall of Mammals" 2,135 "Preparation of Birds for Study" 1,500 "Hall of the Age of Man" 2,140 Pages Total Pages 16 30 28,800 106,740 24 136 24,960 1,292,000 400 18 45 32 1,600,000 38,430 67,500 68,480 701 3,226,910 o pq H p oPQ o W Preparation of Exhibits 71 In spite of the congestion in the exhibition halls and the un- avoidable delay in the reorganization and increase in the prepara- tion force, good progress has been made in various Exhibits directions, especially since the advent of Mr. Clark. Prior to that there were but two taxidermists employed and the number is still far short of what is needed. As recorded else- where, the group of Rhinoceros Iguanas has been completed and is ready for removal to the New Hall of Reptile Life, and the exhibit of Races of Mankind is well advanced. The group of Northern Sea Lions, which is to balance the Sea Elephants at the eastern end of the Hall of Ocean Life, has been commenced and we are fortunate in having for the modeling of this group the services of Mr. C. J. Albrecht, who has made long and careful studies of the Sea Lions in their native haunts. The sharks for which molds were secured by Mr. Bell more than two years ago are being assembled, the first to be completed being a fine example of the Hammerhead. Among the more important of the many special exhibitions were those showing the results of the season's work of the Third Asiatic Expedition, the First Australian Expedition, FPhC,1h> ^e P^ans an<^ work of the Whitney South Sea Ex- pedition, and the results of the Harrison Williams Galapagos Expedition of the Department of Tropical Research of the New York Zoological Society. Among the noteworthy gifts are six undersea paintings by Zarh H. Pritchard, presented by friends of the Museum and des- tined to form one of the brilliant and attractive fea- Accessions tureg of the RaU Qf Qcean nfe Through the aid of an article in the daily press, widely copied throughout the country, offering twenty-five dollars for the nest and young of the mole, the desired material was obtained, and incidentally much information in regard to the breeding habits of this common but little-known animal. By the help of the State Conservation Commission, adults and young of the raccoon were secured. One might think that such a well-known and comparatively abundant animal as the raccoon would be obtained without difficulty, but for ten years past a rac- coon group has been among our desiderata. The giant armadillo and the rare panda have literally been brought to our door, but it 72 Report of the President required a special effort to get the raccoon and even now it remains to make the badly needed group. Mr. Tschudy obtained material, including sketches and photo- graphs, for a group of prairie dogs, the animals themselves, through the courtesy of Mr. Figgins, being presented by the Colo- rado Museum of Natural History. The work of supplying or renewing the sprays of foliage in the Hall of North American Woods has been steadily pursued by Mr. Narahara, and many branches have been supplied, includ- ing examples of the brilliantly colored autumn foliage shown by some of the oaks and maples. Unfortunately, foliage made by the "Mintorn process" with its several layers of wax and "fabric" does not withstand the changes of our variable climate and the dryness of our steam-heated buildings, and in time the leaves curl. The Akeley method, with its more homogeneous basis for the leaf, is more enduring. The care of the building, with the growing congestion and increasing number of visitors, is more and more difficult ; the additions to and changes in the exhibits, with the SaMj« the accompanying changes in cases and lighting, make continual demands on the mechanic force for repairs and alterations, while the increase in cost of labor and materials prohibits any additions to the number of employees. The needs of the Museum are much the same as in 1922, but it is hoped that some relief may be brought about during the coming year by the completion of the Southeast Needs of Wing and Hall of Ocean Life. Museum _ °. ,. . , , , It is discouraging to note the continued damage to the building and especially injury to the grounds, by both chil- dren and adults, and the need of a fence to check these depreda- tions is more apparent than ever. A fence along either drive- way would be most helpful, as this would prevent crossing this portion of the grounds with the consequent destruction of shrubs and wearing away of the banks, School Service Building 73 PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE MUSEUM AND IN THE SCHOOLS George H. Sherwood, Curator The School Service Building, for which appropriation was unanimously voted on April 21, 1922, by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, is progressing satisfactorily. School This will be a five-story structure, 160 feet long by Building ^0 ^eet w^e on tne ^rst ^oor an^ 56 feet wide on the upper floors, and it will occupy the southwest court. Here all the activities of the Department in cooperation with the schools will be localized and here more adequate room will be had for this work, which has become so crowded as it has grown. Architects' plans have been made, repeatedly discussed in conference, every detail carefully examined, numerous modifi- cations made, and finally approved. Naturally, we look forward with keen anticipation to the completion of this building, when with the greatly increased equipment and larger staff, we wel- come the larger opportunity. During the year 1923, we have made strides toward this in- creased opportunity by eclipsing all former years on the whole in taking the Museum to the Schools and in bringing the Schools to the Museum. The work of lending lantern slides to the schools continues to show remarkable growth. A total circulation of 440,315 slides has been reached, in comparison with 330,298 Lantern circulated in 1922. A better index of the growth is Loans shown in the number of loans and in the number of schools served. The number of separate loans made in 1923 was 9,677 in comparison with 6,219 for 1922. The num- ber of public schools borrowing slides in 1923 was 240, compared with 226 in 1922. According to careful estimates, the total num- ber of pupils reached by the lantern slides alone in 1923 was 3,839,283, as compared with 2,582,585 in 1922. 74 Report of the President 1921 1922 1923 Total Number of Borrowers 295 431 328 Total Number of Loans 3,963 6,219 9,677 Total Number of Slides Lent 209,451 330,298 440,315 Number of Public Schools Borrowing 182 226 240 Number of Loans to Public Schools 3,187 5,386 8,956 Number of Slides Lent to Public Schools.... 175,272 294,358 410,013 During the fall term of this year, we undertook to prepare groups of slides to correlate with motion picture films lent to the schools by the Bureau of Visual Instruction of the Board of Edu- cation. In this cooperation our lantern-slide Librarian prepared 73 groups of slides to be used in the teaching of Geography of the United States, Physical Geography, Biology, and Domestic Science. These were lent 166 times to the schools. The lending of lantern slides is the only part of the Museum's work with the schools that receives direct financial support from the Board of Education, the appropriation for 1923 having been $3,000.00. It is hoped that the Board will increase this appro- priation since this amount does not cover one-third of the actual cost of this branch of the service. The lending of motion pictures to the schools has increased during the year from 145 reels in 1922 to 279 in 1923. This Motion branch of the work is still small, for two reasons : Pictures the limited size of our motion picture library and the fact that comparatively few school buildings are equipped for the use of motion pictures. In the years to come this important part of our work promises to grow to large proportions. During the year, 559 regular cases of mounted birds, small mammals, minerals and rocks, native woods, economic insects, etc., and 850 especially prepared collections have been Circulating lent to 472 schools in Greater New York. The spe- Natural cjaj conecti0ns are a particularly interesting develop- Collections ment in our work. Most of this material was lent to art classes in the various high schools and enthu- siastic reports indicate its usefulness. In fact, there has not been enough material to supply the demand. The total number of pupils studying the collections in 1922 was 1,648,608; in 1923 it was 1,491,021, the decrease being due entirely to insuffi- cient messenger service to make the transfers regularly at the close of the three-weeks' loan-period. The lending of lantern slides has taken precedence, and on account of the great increase o^2 * s s « 03 ■£•- 5 a rt O £ « Tl-" OS 9 ounces (22,935 grams) and forming practically the entire fall of the Norfolk, Va., iron meteorite, said to have been seen to fall in September, 1907. This specimen awaits thorough investigation, but, if the statement regarding its fall is correct, it is the second in point of size known and is much the largest in this country, of iron meteorites which have been seen to fall. Eight other meteorites have been found in Virginia, seven of which are from the central and western part of the State ; the eighth is a stone from near Richmond. In addition to Norfolk, there have been received a 30-gram fragment of Magura (Hungary) from the Nameczeck collection; a 178- gram mass of Stalldalen (Sweden) by purchase; and the following from Australia by gift or exchange with the Mining and Geological Museum of Sydney, Dr. G. W. Card, Director; a 93-gram fragment of Warialda, a 131-gram slice of Dele- gate, two specimens weighing together 129 grams of Molong, seven bits totaling 20 grams of Mt. Dyrring, and a large mass of contorted Devonian phyllite. A large and very symmetrical fossil seed-fern (Eospermatopteris) stump, from the Devonian beds at Gilboa, N. Y., was received as a gift from the Board of Water Supply of New York City. An important collection of inverte- brate fossils from many geological horizons was received by pur- chase from the estate of the late Miss A. Elizabeth Kurtz, of East Stroudsburg, Pa. A series of rocks and ores from famous locali- ties in Australia and Tasmania and about 500 photographic nega- tives from Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Rarotonga and Tahiti were secured by the Curator; and a series of Post-glacial varve clays was obtained by Associate Curator Reeds at Little Ferry, N. J., and elsewhere. Cataloguing and Labeling 83 The 69 accessions of rocks, fossils and meteorites have been properly accessioned and numbered. Catalogue numbers have been placed upon about 500 rocks and meteorites, Cataloguing, and the corresponding catalogue entries made. Labeling, Name, horizon and locality cards in the palseon- Work tological catalogue have been distributed, and 6,260 additional cards have been prepared; 13,318 speci- mens, mostly of the E. D. Cope Collection, have been ticketed. Much progress has been made in the labeling of the Hunton Col- lection of fossils, and in preparing charts and profiles of Arbuckle Mountain geology, also in the preparation of maps, charts and profiles of varve clays. The cores of the models of Pikes Peak and vicinity and of Van Horn, Texas, were finished early in the year, and those of the Potomac River near Pawpaw, W. Va., the Yellowstone Park and the Niagara Falls region have been pre- pared. More than 600 expedition photographs have been cata- logued and arranged in albums. Requests for information by mail and in person have, as usual, been numerous and time-consuming. They have occupied much of the attention of various members of the Department, but they have been cheerfully responded to, and welcomed as indicating the interest of the public and students in geology, invertebrate palaeontology and meteorites. Associate Curator Reeds served as Secretary of the Museum Secretary Faculty and of the Staff of Division I. Mr. Foyles Work acted as Secretary of the Department Staff. Curator Hovey represented the American Museum at the Charleston, S. C, meeting of the American Association of Mu- seums in April ; at the meeting of the Pan-Pacific Scientific Science Congress in Melbourne and Sydney, Austra- Societies ]ja jn August and September, and at the Joseph and Con- _ ' _ & . , r . ' , _ _ ^ J. _ r. ventions Leidy Centenary of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia in December. He also served as a Vice-President of the Explorers Club. Curator Hovey and Associate Curator Reeds attended the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America in Washington, D. C, in Decem- ber, where the former likewise was on the Council of the Society. 84 Report of the President MINERALS AND GEMS Herbert P. Whitlock, Curator The work of preparing and installing introductory and explana- tory exhibits in the cases at the right of the entrance to the Morgan Memorial Hall has progressed to the extent Introductory 0f ^he completion and placing on exhibition of a series of structure models demonstrating the forma- tion of crystals of the seven systems from a mechanical point of view. In thus presenting to the public the newer conception of the significance of crystallization as distinct from the more com- plicated and abstract mathematical treatment of crystallography, this series of models constitutes a fitting introduction to the wealth of examples of crystallized minerals contained in the Bement Collection. The series of Krantz wooden models of crystals of minerals has been completed by the addition of 144 models chosen to illus- trate the crystallization of important minerals not covered by the series as previously installed. These have been colored to empha- size the symmetry of the systems and groups to which they belong and displayed with temporary labels while the work of printing permanent labels is in progress. Small models constructed of cardboard and glass rods to demonstrate the symmetry of the groups of crystals have been inserted in this series. The printed labels for the series of specimens occupying the wall cases are now in place, as well as the group labels for the 28 cases which constitute the units of this key collec- Labeling ^ Group labds for the 3Q cages of the Gem Mineral Collection are being printed. These average about 200 words each and describe each group of gem stones from the point of view of its application to jewelry and decoration rather than from its mineralogical characters. The Mineral Collection 85 One of the small, flat cases situated in the middle of the Hall opposite the Morgan Memorial Tablet has been set aside for the display of small, temporary exhibits of popular in- Special terest. During the convention of the American Exhibits __ , ° . ,.,.,. ,,_, Bankers Association, an exhibit showing the Evo- lution of a Copper Cent" was installed in this case and kept on exhibition for several weeks. A small, temporary exhibit consist- ing of the gem stones used in making the colored plate of gems for the child's Book of Knowledge has also been installed in this case. During the months of February and March, the Curator gave a series of free popular lectures on Gems and Gem Minerals at New York University. It was the purpose of these Educational informal talks on gems to interest not only the gen- eral public but especially those who handle and deal in precious stones in some of the little-known facts concerning them. A small shelf of reference books on minerals and gems has been placed on the reading table in the Morgan Memorial Hall, and may be consulted by applying to the attendant. In order to bring the public in closer touch with the mineral collec- tion, the Curator has inaugurated the practice of being present in the Morgan Hall on Saturday mornings from 9 to 12, for the purpose of answering questions and supplying information regarding the collections. A considerable number of specimens have been added to both the General Mineral Collection and the Gem Collection during the past year. The following species new to the col- lection have been acquired through gift and Accessions exchange : Tantalum — A rare element from the Urals, acquired through the Bruce Fund. Hauchecornite — A rare nickel sulphide and antimonide, ac- quired through the Bruce Fund. Stichtite — A complex hydrated carbonate of magnesia, pre- sented by David Goodman. Phosphophyllite — A rare phosphate of iron with sulphate of aluminium, acquired through the Bruce Fund. Argentojarosite — A new (1923) hydrated sulphate of iron with silver, presented by Mr. E. P. Mathewson, and through the Bruce Fund. Plumbo- Argentojarosite — A new (1923) hydrated sulphate corresponding to the preceding species with the addition of lead, acquired through the Bruce Fund. 86 Report of the President Parsonsite — A new (1923) radioactive phosphate from the Katanga Region, Belgian Congo, acquired through the Buttgenbach exchange. Cornetite — A new hydrated copper phosphate from the Ka- tanga Region, acquired through the Buttgenbach exchange. Among the notable gifts to the Mineral Collection should also be included finely crystallized Wulfenite and Vanadinite from a new Morocco locality, presented by Professor Alfred Lacroix, a handsome Descloizite from Southwest Africa, and a fine speci- men of the rare mineral Reddingite from a new locality in Maine, both acquired through the Bruce Fund. The Gem Collection has received several notable additions. Through the gift of Mr. J. P. Morgan have been acquired a number of typical gem stones used in making the colored plate published in the child's Book of Knowledge. Through the gift of Mrs. Henry Fairfield Osborn, the collection has received a series of Carnelian Scarabs and Onyx and Shell Cameos, one of the latter being a signed example by Morelli. Two handsome cut stones of Kunzite were presented by Dr. George F. Kunz. A fine example of Russian lapidary work, consisting of a small casket inlaid with Siberian ornamented stones, was purchased through the Bruce Fund, also a large gem crystal of Siberian Topaz in the matrix. Mr. A. Grosjean, of Peking, has presented through Mrs. Osborn a most unique series of antique Chinese glass jewels recovered from graves of the Han and Tang dynas- ties in Shensi and Honan Provinces. These constitute an impor- tant addition to the case devoted to the antique use of gems, and serve well to round out a series already rich in necklace beads of several periods and countries. 5 42 -> :n O < T3 H w J ft o © X § g w < a -a < a- ft « 5 u ° ^ Field Work in Palceontology 87 EXTINCT VERTEBRATES Henry Fairfield Osborn, Honorary Curator W. D. Matthew, Curator The work of the department during the year was in large part concentrated on this field. Of the field staff, Associate Curator Granger, Messrs. Peter Kaisen and George Olsen Third were detailed for field work, the first during the Asiatic # whole year, the two others for eight months. In Mmfgoiian: the laboratory, Otto Falkenbach spent the entire and China year, the rest of the staff from two to six months upon preparation of Mongolian specimens. Cura- tor Matthew spent about three-fourths of the year upon cata- loguing, labeling and arranging these collections and upon research and publicity work in connection with them. These expenditures of time are justified by the great success of the exploration. A series of rich, new and remarkable fossil faunas was secured from the Cretaceous and older Tertiary formations of a part of the world hitherto unknown to palaeon- tology. Among the most notable finds were : First, the eggs and young of dinosaurs : twenty-five eggs, over seventy skulls and twelve complete skeletons of dinosaurs, of all ages from newly hatched to full-grown, mostly of primitive ceratopsians, ancestors of the great horned dinosaurs which are found in the American Upper Cretaceous formations. These are of importance in several ways. They settle the question as to whether dinosaurs laid eggs and what the eggs were like. They provide data for reconstructing the life history and habits of these extinct reptiles and show where the great horned dinosaurs came from. Incidentally, they prove a land connection during Middle Cretaceous times between Asia and North America. Second, we have a very large series of jaws, limbs, parts of skeletons, etc., of dinosaurs of several different kinds from a Cretaceous formation in Eastern Mongolia. These will supple- ment the first discovery, giving a fairly extended knowledge of the land animals of Cretaceous central Asia. 88 Report of the President Third, a fine series of early Tertiary mammals of several kinds, including fine specimens of Titanotheres, a gigantic primitive car- nivore or creodont, and smaller creodonts and ungulates. These represent a very striking fauna, or rather series of faunas, re- markably different as a whole from the contemporary faunas either of America or Europe, yet containing some rather nearly related forms. Finally, we have from South China a second large collection of Pleistocene fossil mammals, including fine skulls and jaws of the giant fossil tapir, almost equal to a rhinoceros in size, a variety of small carnivora and other excellent specimens representing the great and diversified fauna of the forest regions of central and southeastern Asia at the beginning of the Age of Man. The rhi- noceroses, stegodons, giant tapirs, chalicotheres and other large animals in this primaeval Chinese fauna have either become wholly extinct or have survived only in the tropical jungles of the Orient; the smaller animals have found refuge in the mountainous dis- tricts, where many of them still survive. South of the great mountain backbone that separates the Medi- terranean and Indian regions from the rest of Europe and Asia lies a great zoological province whose animals are India, Burma today and have been in the past distinct from those of central and northern Asia and Europe. The geo- logical history of these Mediterranean and Oriental faunas has been known principally from certain rich fossil fields in north- western India and in Greece, explored by British, French and German scientists many years ago. Such scanty records as had been discovered, bearing upon the Ancestry of Man, had come chiefly from this region, and many scientists believed that this was the centre from which he spread all over the world. A re- exploration of these classic localities and the attempt to discover new ones would enable us to make a new and more thorough study of the past animal life of the Oriental region and compare it with the life-history of central Asia. This project was financed by Mrs. Henry Clay Frick and committed to the expert hands of Associate Curator Barnum Brown. Mr. Brown secured in 1922-3 a magnificent collection from the Siwalik Hills in north- west India, including a series of skulls of fossil elephants, masto- dons, stegodons, hippopotami, camels, horses, giraffes and various Expeditions for Fossils 89 antelopes, etc., equaling in one year the great collections gathered since 1840 in London or Calcutta. In Burma he obtained a small but valuable collection that gives some light upon the older fauna that inhabited the region in the earlier Tertiary. He has now commenced explorations in the island of Samos and investigated a number of other promising localities in Greece and Asia Minor. Until the Indian collections have been prepared and studied it is not possible to forecast the scientific results of his work, but there is no question that it will provide an exhibit of Indian fossil mammals equal to those in London or Calcutta, with every pros- pect of securing an equally fine exhibition series from Greece, Asia Minor, Persia and Baluchistan. Mr. Thomson continued work at the Snake Creek and Agate fossil quarries in western Nebraska and secured a valuable series of skulls of various animals, particularly the so- called Bear-dogs, true dogs, three-toed horses, large and small camels, etc. One most welcome addition is a nearly complete skeleton of a small Primitive Deer, a little animal about the size of the modern chevrotain or "mouse-deer" of India, the earliest of the higher ruminants to appear in North America and ancestral to the true deer, perhaps also to antelopes, sheep and cattle. These specimens are of value in research upon Tertiary mammals and will enable us to improve the exhibits of fossil horses and camels and to arrange series illustrating the Evolution of the Dog and the Evolution of the Deer. Mr. Childs Frick has for some years past been conducting very energetic and successful researches upon certain Pliocene forma- tions in southern California, and has secured a re- markably large and varied collection of fossil mammals of that age. These collections, obtained and prepared at his personal cost, are under investigation by him at the Museum and are yielding important and interesting results. Mr. H. E. Anthony, on his last expedition to Ecuador, spent a part of his time collecting fossil mammals in the Punin region near Riobamba. Although time permitted only a cursory reconnaissance of a rather extensive region, he obtained a very good series of Pleistocene mammals, mostly camels and horses, and a human skull of somewhat doubtful asso- ciation with these extinct animals. 90 Report of the President The most important exhibit completed during the year was the skeleton of Triceratops, the Three-horned Dinosaur. The posing of this animal involved a long and difficult Preparation study of the mechanism and adaptations of the skele- ton " ton, and a series of trial poses were necessary to settle some of its problems. Especial credit is due to Mr. Charles Lang for this mount, to which he devoted not merely technical skill, but a great deal of study and observation of modern reptiles, and infinite patience in experiment in order to gain a satisfactory result. The preparation staff was reduced by the absence in the field of Messrs. Kaisen and Olsen during most of the year, and of Messrs. Thomson and Sorensen for nearly five months. The time of the depleted staff was devoted chiefly to preparation of Mongo- lian fossils and Indian Proboscidea. The skull and jaws of Balu- chitherium, a complete skeleton of the small dinosaur Psittaco- saurus, four skulls of Protoceratops, skull of a gigantic Creodont (new) and skulls and jaws of Protitanotherhim and Cadurcothe- rium, all from Mongolia, were completed, and the skeleton of Protigaanodon and skulls of three small dinosaurs from Mongolia, five proboscidean skulls and several other specimens from India were partly prepared. The Psittacosaurus skeleton, buried in a steel-hard matrix, presented a difficult problem in preparation, which was successfully handled by Mr. Otto Falkenbach. Mr. Thomson also prepared a number of the more important speci- mens secured by his party in Nebraska last summer. The cataloguing of the Snake Creek collections of 1921 and 1922, of the Chinese collection of 1921-2, the Mongolian collec- tions of 1922 and the Indian collections of 1922 has been completed by Dr. Matthew and Dr. Mook, with assistance of Mr. John Germann. Casts of the Baluchitheriutn skull were prepared and sent to the Yale, National and California University museums in America, to the Cambridge, London and Petrograd museums in Europe. The time of John Germann was occupied chiefly with cata- loguing, labeling and placard-making, but a few drawings of fossil crocodilia were made by him, under Dr. Mook's direction. Miss Roigneau's time, half under this department, was devoted to coloring a series of casts showing Research on Extinct Vertebrates 91 the evolution of the skull in the vertebrata. Mrs. Sterling's time was mostly given to President Osborn's researches; two weeks were devoted to drawings of Mongolian fossil mammals for articles in Novitates by Dr. Matthew. Mrs. Fulda made during the year two hundred and sixty-eight photographs, and executed a series of restorations of extinct animals. A series of eleven preliminary notices has been published in American Museum Novitates, dealing with dinosaurs and Tertiary mammals from Mongolia: four by Professor Henry Researches Fairfield Osborn, six by Dr. W. D. Matthew and or^Press Mr- Walter Granger, and one by Dr. W. K. Greg- ory and Mr. Granger. An article in the American Museum Bulletin, by Dr. Matthew and Mr. Granger, describes new fossil mammals from the supposed Pliocene of Sze-Chuan province in China. In a more extended article in the Bulletin, Dr. Matthew describes collections made in the Snake Creek quarries, 1918-1922, and summarizes our present knowledge of the fauna. The Monograph of the Titanotheriidae, by Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn (one of the United States Geological Survey Monographs), is still in press, but will shortly be published. Two articles upon American Cretaceous dinosaurs have been published during the year in American Museum Novitates. One by Dr. Matthew and Mr. Barnum Brown gives preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of a series of carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Alberta placed on exhibition during the past five years. A second, by Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, describes the skull of Pentaceratops, a new horned dinosaur from the Cretaceous of New Mexico. Three articles on fossil birds have been published in the Bul- letin: two by Mr. Alexander Wetmore upon bird remains from the caves of Porto Rico and upon fossil birds from the Tertiary of Nebraska. In the other, by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, cer- tain fossils discovered by Dr. Cockerell in the Eocene Green River formation are ascribed to the great Eocene ground bird Diatryma. In addition, two short articles on Crocodilia have been pub- lished by Dr. Charles C. Mook. 92 Report of the President Professor Osborn has continued his researches upon the extinct Proboscidea and has in preparation a systematic type revision of the entire order, with descriptions of Researches many new genera, species and specimens in the American Museum and other collections. Researches upon the fossil collections from Mongolia and China, by Professor Osborn, Drs. Gregory, Matthew, Mook, Noble and Professor Cockerell, are in progress and will be con- tinued during the coming year, with the aid of other specialists in various groups. Researches upon the collections from the Siwalik formation have been in part arranged and some preliminary work upon the primates done by Drs. Gregory and Hellman. Some progress has been made upon a revision of the fossil Camelidse, undertaken by Dr. Matthew nine years ago but not yet completed. Mr. Childs Frick has been engaged during the year upon an extended comparative study of the Pliocene faunas obtained by him in the Eden district and other areas of southern California and upon American Pleistocene horses, for which he has assembled all the important material, loaned through the courtesy of various scientific institutions and individuals. In addition to the large accessions received through field expe- ditions as reported above, a number of valuable specimens and casts have been received in exchange or as gifts. A series of originals and casts of Australian fossil vertebrates received in exchange from the Queensland, Sydney (Mining and Geological), South Australian and Victoria Mu- seums provide an excellent representation of the extinct fauna of the Island Continent. A number of casts of type specimens of Proboscidea and Rhinoceroses were received from the British Museum of Natural History and the Cambridge Zoological Museum. The cast of a fine skeleton of a Cretaceous Snake from the Vienna Museum, and a series of cave fossils from the Na- tional Museum at Budapest were received. We are also indebted to Mr. H. L. Mead, Mr. W. W. Holmes, and Mr. C. R. Halter for Florida fossils. A series of casts of fossil human remains, pur- chased from various sources, largely through the good offices of Professor J. H. McGregor, is noted in the report of the Depart- ment of Comparative Anatomy. Exhibition of Lower Invertebrates 93 LOWER INVERTEBRATES Roy Waldo Miner, Curator There have been no changes in the scientific and office staff of this department during the past year. In the preparation staff the only change has been the resignation of Mr. Changes Arnold Olsen and the appointment in his place of 111 ot3.IT . . ■»*-• Dr. George H. Chilas, of the University of Minne- sota. Dr. Childs has shown himself an artist of marked ability, and through his scientific training this faculty will be of unusual value to the department. The Rotifer Group has reached an advanced stage and is ex- pected to be placed on exhibition during 1924. The remarkable glass modeling of Mr. Herman Mueller in this group is worthy of special note, both for its beauty and for the ingenuity with which the intricate problems of tech- nique have been solved. The large exhibit showing the evolution and relationships of the chief groups of the animal kingdom has made rapid progress. This has been due to the work of Mr. Chris E. Olsen and Dr. Childs, under the immediate direction of the Curator. This will also be placed on exhibition during the coming year. The rare shell Conus gloria-maris has been mounted on a spe- cial pedestal, for public view. A number of carefully executed index labels has been added to the groups and other exhibits in the Darwin Hall and a large series has been colored and prepared for mounting with the indi- vidual models. Special attention has been given to the preparation of a sketch model showing the west end of the Hall of Ocean Life and the method of installing the proposed Coral Reef Group. This model is being constructed to scale by Mr. C. E. Olsen with faithful attention to detail, and when completed will be placed on exhibi- tion during the preparation of the large group. The latter, when finished, will represent, life size, a thirty-foot section of a Baha- 94 Report of the President man coral reef and will be so arranged that an above- water view of the coral lagoon and its surroundings may be seen from the gallery floor of the Hall, while in the foreground the reef itself will be visible through a glass representing the water surface. A submarine view of the same reef may be gained by descending a staircase and viewing the exhibit from beneath the gallery, as if the spectator stood upon the sea bottom. An expedition is now being planned to obtain the necessary studies for this group. A series of six paintings, by the famous undersea artist, Mr. Zarh H. Pritchard, has been donated to the Museum and has been placed on temporary exhibition in the Darwin Hall. These paintings are undersea studies of living coral reefs made by Mr. Pritchard in the lagoons of Tahiti. Mr. Pritchard obtained sketches for these by descending to the sea bottom in a diver's suit and painting from life on waterproofed canvas. They were given to the Museum by Mr. Arthur Curtiss James, Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Mr. Paul M. Warburg and Miss Bettina Warburg and others. It is hoped that additional donations will bring the series to twelve, as space for that number has been arranged in the new Hall of Ocean Life, where they will form an important fea- ture of the oceanic exhibit. The use of the Darwin Hall by classes of public and private school pupils, as well as by students from various colleges, has been most gratifying. During the past year 22,537 Educational students visited the Hall, an increase of more than 4,000 over the number for the preceding year. These came in 600 classes from 307 different institutions. Over 19,000 of them were public school pupils; 575 were college stu- dents. Mr. Robert Hazard has continued his usual effective work as docent. Four field trips have been made during the past year, all in connection with future exhibits planned for the Darwin Hall and the new Hall of Ocean Life. £lel. K o n m _ w g "So HH <. Q> .9 -c H Bibliography of Fishes 103 A large collection of Japanese Fishes was received through the agency of Chancellor David Starr Jordan, of Stanford University, and the kindness of the Imperial University of New Tokyo. Other accessions of new material were Material small. They include small collections of fresh- water fishes from Lakeland, Florida (a gift from Professor C. R. Halter) ; fishes from British Guiana, collected by Herbert Lang (gift from Mr. Lang and Mr. William J. La Varre) ; marine fishes from the tropical Pacific, collected by Major Chapman Grant of the United States Army (by gift), and others collected by Mr. R. H. Beck, of the Whitney South Sea Expedition (by transfer from the Department of Ornithology) ; fishes from the Galapagos Islands, collected by the Harrison Williams Galapagos Expedition of the Department of Tropical Research of the New York Zoological Society (gift) ; Australian fresh-water fishes obtained by Mr. H. C. Raven. Other interesting items include a very large mounted electric ray, over 4 feet in total length and 3 feet across (purchase), and a large snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens) which drifted ashore at the eastern end of Long Island, establishing a northern record for this rare species on our coast (purchase). By exchange with the Australian Museum, Sydney, we have lately received 2 species of sea-horses (Phyllopteryx), which resemble in a very remarkable manner the seaweed in which they hide, as well as a series of Australian Carangidae. The Bibliography was published complete on November 13, 1923. During the first half of 1923, Dr. Gudger finished the Morphological and Systematic Sections of the Sub- Brlb-i1-0?raphy Ject Index, and Miss Francesca La Monte made the of Fishes ' Finding Index. Dr. Dean and Dr. Gudger then worked up the "front matter." Various parts of Volume III were progressively finished and printed, and on August 14 orders were given the printers — the University Press of Cambridge, Massachusetts — to proceed with the final material. The package of "front matter" printed and shipped to the Museum was in- jured in transit, but fortunately the types had not been melted and these pages were reprinted without delay. Volume III consists of xvi and 707 pages, distributed as fol- lows : Title, preface and various tabulated explanatory matter ("front matter"), xvi pages; list of anonymous titles (Nos. 651- 712), 3 pages; Addenda, 199 pages; Pre-Linnaean Titles (ante 104 Report of the President 1758), 135 pages; General Bibliographies containing references to fishes, 4 pages ; Voyages and Expeditions on which fishes were taken in large numbers, 5 pages; Periodicals relating to fish and fish culture, 6 pages ; Errata and Corrigenda, 7 pages ; Subject Index, Morphological Section, 254 pages — Systematic Section, 51 pages — a grand total of 305 pages ; and lastly a Finding Index of 41 tri-column pages. The chef-d'oeuvre of the Bibliography is its highly complex Subject Index in which the 45,000 titles in Volumes I and II and the Addenda have been minutely analyzed and the references then brought together like with like. It is safe to say that no other group of animals has had its literature so brought together and indexed. Volume III has been distributed, and letters and reviews are coming in from eminent ichthyologists the world over, speaking in the highest terms of the Bibliography and in almost extravagant ones of the Subject Index. The consensus of opinion is that the Bibliography and its Subject Index constitute the most effective instrument ever put in the hands of "fish men" in the history of the world, and that it consummates a monumental undertaking. Whether the Bibliography shall be carried on in the future is a question yet to be decided. It is, however, the purpose of Dr. Gudger provisionally to keep it up to date in the form of a card- catalogue classified under the headings used in the Subject Index of Volume III. Incident to identification and cataloguing of material, four articles have been published in American Museum Novitates, wherein five new species from Africa, one from the Other West Indian Island of Hispaniola, and two new Research and c a i r ix. n ■£ r\ Publication genera of fishes from the Pacific Ocean are pro- posed. The Galapagos Collection mentioned above has been studied, and an article upon it is in press. Frequent queries come to the Department involving the status, migrations and life histories of local marine fishes. Although there is considerable information on this subject, it is scattered and not readily accessible. Attention was given in 1923 to bring- ing together such information, which now in manuscript form comprises some 250 typewritten pages. Several volunteers have given the Associate Curator material aid in this undertaking, more particularly Mr. C. M. Breder, Jr., on the staff of the New York Aquarium, Publications on Fishes 105 An important collection of deep-sea fishes, dredged some years ago by the Albatross Expedition to Lower California was held until such time as Dr. C. H. Townsend, of the New York Aquarium, the leader of the expedition, might find opportunity to give it personal attention. The study of this collection is now progressing. Among miscellaneous papers published by the staff in 1923 are the following: By J. T. Nichols, two in Science, one in Natural History, one in Copcia; by E. W. Gudger, four in Natural His- tory, one in the Fishing Gazette, London, one in Science; by W. K. Gregory, one in the Museum Bulletin. The care of the ever-growing collections occupies most of the time of the laboratory assistant. He has, however, at intervals been able to increase the collection of skeleton Care of the material ; he has also prepared certain fossil fishes, Collections , ,' . . r / TX7. , under the supervision of Dr. W. K. Gregory, of the Department of Comparative Anatomy. 106 Report of the President EXISTING REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS G. Kingsley Noble, Associate Curator, in Charge The year has been one of marked progress for the Department of Herpetology. The number of reptiles and amphibians received and accessioned during 1923 is about one-fifth of the number in the entire collection. Several very important developmental series of American and European Amphibia were obtained through field work and exchange. An expedition sent to Arizona to investigate the Gila Monster was successful in bringing together important data to be used in the installation of a Gila Monster Group. The exhibition program continued with success, resulting in the com- pletion of a spectacular group of Rhinoceros Iguanas and many smaller exhibits. The Department of Herpetology has three major interests : exhibition, accumulation of collections, and re- search. In each of these fields a decided advance was made. One of the most interesting of American lizards is the Gila Monster {H el o derma). It is the only poisonous lizard in the world. Its odd coloration and peculiar habits make Expedition jt 0f especial value for exhibition purposes. This to Arizona r . , . year the Department was fortunate in being able to send Assistant Curator Ortenburger to the Catalina Mountains, Arizona, to study the Gila Monster, preliminary to installing an accurate group of these saurians in the American Museum. The expedition found that the Gila Monster frequented the "shelves" overlooking the dry canyons of the Catalina Mountains. Here, among gorgeously flowered cacti and grotesquely spined shrubs, the majority of the fifteen Gila Monsters brought back to the Museum were captured. Rattlesnakes were not rare in this region. Of these, the Desert Diamond-Back was the most abundant. Specimens of the rare Tiger Rattlesnake and the Black-tailed Rattler were also secured. Although emphasis was laid on securing photographs and accessories for the group, 1,607 reptiles and amphibians were collected. Further, a series of the eggs and tadpoles of the two western Spadefoot Toads {S. couchii and S. hammondii) were obtained. Valuable observations were 4> o "2 3 o *" "J S c/).2 S ^ +-£ a. < w 3 3 fi O rt 4> 3 fc.2* I* 4} C i-, i— • N cm U3 o £ "J S c c. i-. *j ^ to "So O D S £ Reptiles and Amphibians 107 made on many of the rarities captured, especially on the Spade- foots, the Faded Snake (Arizona) and several of the Racers. The life histories of several of our local reptiles and amphibians are still unknown. This year the Associate Curator continued his work on the Spadefoot Toad. Thanks to the Field Work cooperation of Mr. G. P. Englehardt of the Brooklyn York* Region Museum, and Mr. B. T. B. Hyde of the Boy Scouts Museum, much general work on our local fauna was done. Mr. G. S. Myers, acting as a volunteer assistant, has brought the literature on our local region together. During the spring and summer, Mr. Myers made a series of collecting trips to New Jersey and Long Island. When this work has advanced further, the Department intends to publish a handbook on the reptiles and amphibians of the local region. Much valuable ex- hibition material showing the life histories of some of our local species was secured on these trips. A group illustrating the home life of the Rhinoceros Iguana, perhaps the most spectacular West Indian lizard, was brought to completion this year by the Department of Preparation. The group was commenced late last year by Mr. F. Blaschke. It will form one of the important links in a series of habitat groups to be installed during the coming year in the new Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians. Each of these groups will illustrate some important phase of the biology of reptiles and amphibians. The Rhinoceros Iguana Group represents the life history and habits of a typical desert lizard. The fact that the lizard shown is of large size and grotesque features insures a study of the group by even the casual visitor. Most of the animals have been mounted, the accessories either partly or completely reproduced, and the final plans arranged for a Giant Tree Frog Group, a Sea Snake Group, a Gopher Turtle Group, a Sea Lizard Group, a Sphenodon Group and a Gila Monster Group. There is, of course, no room in the present hall of reptiles for all of these groups. They will probably be installed as soon as they are completed in the new Hall of Reptiles and Amphibians. A model of this new hall was made during the year according to the plans which have been developing during the past two years. It was found that the habitat groups could be arranged 108 Report of the President to the best systematic and artistic purposes behind a cloister along the west side of the new hall. It is planned to have a special alcove in the hall for the local Reptiles and Amphibians. Miniature glass cases were made and arranged in the model to determine the exact position of the future exhibits. Two large habitat groups were commenced this year. The first, made possible through the generosity of Mr. Harrison Williams and Mr. William Beebe, illustrates the habits of Amblyrhynchus, a strange iguanid of the Galapagos Islands which lives and feeds primarily in the sea. Mr. Beebe also secured specimens of Conolophus, a giant land iguanid of the Galapagos, which, although closely related to Amblyrhynchus, has retained its terrestrial customs. The habits of these two iguanids will be contrasted in the group as an example of adaptive radiation within a single family of lizards. The second habitat group begun this year illustrates the habits of the Gila Monster. A small section of one of the canyons of the Catalina Mountains, Arizona, will be represented and the cacti, Spanish bayonet and other vegetation faithfully reproduced. Gila Monsters are carnivorous creatures. They feed on other lizards, and occasionally on birds' eggs. The group will show the Gila Monster stalking its prey, while some disinterested neighbors, as a Western Gopher Turtle and a Sonoran Racer, hesitate for a moment as if undecided which way to move. Considerable advance was made during the year towards furthering the synoptic collections. Three important additions were made to our exhibit of "Poisonous Snakes of America." These were the Red Rattlesnake, the Tiger Rattlesnake and the Black-tailed Rattlesnake. Several important western species were added to the synoptic series. These were the western frogs, Rana boylii and Rana aurora, and the Plains Spadefoot Toad, Scaphiopus couchii. Other western forms prepared and placed on exhibition this year were Bufo punctatus, B. alvarius and the rare discoglossid toad, Ascaphus truei. Additional salamanders include the rare Olympic Mountain Salamander, Rhyacotriton, two Carolina red salamanders and several of our local species. Two giant tortoises, one from the Galapagos and one from the East Indies, were mounted. Many specimens were prepared for the habitat groups during the year. Perhaps the more interesting of these include two New Collections 109 specimens of the Dominican Tree Frog, several specimens, adult and hatching young, of one of the Dominican "Chameleons," a western Gopher Turtle, a Sonoran Racer, several iguanid lizards, and three Sea Snakes. The number of reptiles and amphibians added to the collection this year far exceeds the brilliant record of last year. No less than 11,063 adults have been accessioned, while the Additions to 44 jots 0f amphibian eggs and larvae received would the Collection ... bring the total more than 12,000 individuals. Considering at first only adult material, 8,121 specimens were secured by Museum expeditions, 1,007 were acquired by gift, 1,193 by purchase, 574 through exchange, and 167 in local field work. The developmental series were received from the Third Asiatic Expedition, the Princeton Panama Expedition, the De- partment's Expedition to Arizona, from Mr. Putman of Washing- ton, and from Dr. Wolterstorff of Germany. The material received is about equally divided between reptiles and amphibians. It includes 5,948 adult reptiles and 5,115 amphibians, exclusive of the life-history series. It is largely due to the Department's many friends that the number of specimens received this year is the largest in its history. Among those who were especially generous are Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Breder, Jr., who donated a collection from North Carolina ; Mr. Herbert Lang and Mr. W. J. La Varre, who gave a large collection from British Guiana, and Mr. Thomas Hallinan, who made a collection for us in Florida. Others who donated important material to the Department are Dr. A. Amaral, Mr. L. M. Klauber, Colonel M. L. Crimmins, and Professor L. A. Mannhardt. The collections came from many parts of the world. The Whitney South Sea Expedition, the Third Asiatic Expedition, the Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expe- dition, the Australian Expedition, the Anthony-Tate Expedi- tion to Ecuador, and the Princeton Panama Expedition all made large and valuable collections of reptiles and amphibians. Ex- changes were arranged with museums in Australia, South America and various countries of Europe by which the collec- tions made by these expeditions were rounded out into larger and more representative ones. The collection of reptiles and amphibians in the American Museum cannot yet boast of having a complete representation 110 Report of the President of all the genera in the world, but such extraordinary progress has been made during the past five years toward securing such a representation that it will not be many years before our col- lections are as representative as those of any museum in America. It is chiefly by exchange relations that we may expect to develop a representative Museum collection. This year several new avenues of exchange were opened up. The more important exchanges were negotiated with Dr. Franz Werner of Vienna, Dr. W. WolterstorfF of Magdeburg, Dr. Karl Weingand of Wiirttemberg, Dr. Jean Roux of Basel, Switzerland, Dr. Thomas Barbour of Cambridge, Massachusetts, Dr. Robert Mer- tens of Frankfurt, Germany, Dr. A. G. Ruthven of Ann Arbor, Michigan, Mr. L. M. Klauber of San Diego, California, the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, the British Museum, Mr. R. P. Erwin of Boise, Idaho, Mr. Clyde Patch of Ottawa, Dr. Jose B. Vianna of Bello Hori- zonte, Brazil, and Dr. Miranda-Ribeiro of Rio de Janeiro. The growth of these exchange relations has kept pace with, and neces- sarily cannot run ahead of, the supply of reptiles and amphibians secured by our expeditions. The chief matter of daily concern in the Department is the study collections. The handling, labeling and arranging of the 60,000 specimens in our care absorb an enormous Care of amount of time. Not only were the 12,000 speci- Collections . mens received this year cared for, but considerable progress was made on the final arrangement of materials in the storeroom. All the crocks and cases were labeled so that any specimen contained therein could be quickly noted. Little mention has been made in former reports of the De- partment's Bibliography of Reptiles and Amphibians. Various department members have rapidly advanced this Bibliography very important work during the past five years. of Reptiles Miss A. L. Brown and Miss E. E. Nelson gave it and , . . , . „ f Amphibians their especial attention tais year. Certain sections of the Bibliography, especially those on the Amphibia, are nearly complete and have afforded much satisfaction to the several visiting specialists who have consulted them. Undoubt- edly, this is the most complete bibliography in America dealing with the structure, biology and systematics of the Amphibia. Research on Reptiles and Amphibians 111 The enormous amount of material, nearly 30,000 specimens, received during the past three years has naturally given the opportunity for varied research. Assistant Curator Research and Ortenburger studied the Polynesian collections and part of the large Chinese collections, and also devoted much time to the work he has had in hand for several years, namely, his monograph on the Black Snakes and Racers, The Associate Curator has attacked a great variety of problems', including research on his Santo Domingan collections, on several South American collections, and on North American Amphibia. He has also considered several osteological problems and has published some of the observations which he made on the local Amphibia. His observations were not confined to material in the American Museum. A paper on some of the Neotropical collections in the United States National Museum has been com- pleted and presented for publication. The year has been a particularly fortunate one in regard to publications. The number of papers produced far exceeded the record of any previous year. The wide range of subjects treated in these papers serves as an index to the many-sided interests of the Department. The two most extensive papers appeared in the Bulletin. These are "Classification of the Lizards" by C. L. Camp and "Con- tributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo, Based on the Collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part II, Snakes," by K. P. Schmidt. Part III of this series con- siders the Amphibia. It is by G. K. Noble and is now in press. Assistant Curator Ortenburger published during the year: three papers in Copeia, and one in Occasional Papers (Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan). Associate Curator Noble published four articles in Novitates; two in Zoologica; one in the American Naturalist ; one in Science; one in collaboration with Ruth Crosby Noble in Zoologica; one in collaboration with W. K. Gregory and R. W. Miner in the Museum Bulletin; also several popular articles and notes in Natural History. 112 Report of the President BIRDS Frank M. Chapman, Curator* In the absence of Curator Chapman in South America, the duty of preparing a summary of the work of his department for the last year falls upon the Associate Curator. Without special knowledge of the accomplishments upon which Dr. Chapman might wish to lay stress, or of the thread of ideas which he would weave through his record, the writer may say that in general the plan of coordination outlined in the first paragraph of the report for 1922 has been followed during the year just ended. The field work of the most extensive ornithological expedition ever undertaken by the American Museum has been confined chiefly to the Tuamotu Archipelago in the central Whitney South Pacific. Landings and collections were Expedition made at upwards of forty islands in this group, thus bringing to practical conclusion the survey of the vast area of French Oceania and of the outlying islets under British and American suzerainty. By way of geographic summary it may be noted that ninety islands have been visited since Septem- ber, 1920, and the base of the schooner "France" has now been transferred westward from the region of the Tuamotus, Societies, Australs, and Marquesas, to the Samoa-Fiji-Tonga complex, with present headquarters at Tutuila. Scientific results have continued to equal or exceed expectations, the collections of both land and sea birds including a large proportion of little-known and new forms. In consequence, the Museum not only finds itself in a position to publish comprehensively upon the relationships and geographical distribution of the Pacific avifauna, but it has also a rare opportunity to enhance its general collections by exchang- ing the much sought Polynesian material with other museums. As heretofore, birds have been by no means the only specimens obtained by the staff of the "France." A considerable collection of herbarium sheets, to name an example in but one other branch of science, have been forwarded to the botanists of the Bishop Museum, in Honolulu, the director and staff of which have 'Report prepared by Associate Curator Murphy. Field Work 113 spared no pains to cooperate in every way with our own project. During the summer, Mr. R. H. Beck, the leader of the Whit- ney Expedition, was recalled to New York for consultations made necessary by extension of the plans. Throughout his absence, however, field operations were continued by Mr. Jose G. Correia, who had previously served the Museum in other parts of the world, and who joined the "France" early in 1923 to replace Mr. Ernest H. Quayle whose health necessitated retirement. In accordance with the plans of Dr. Chapman, Mr. Harry Watkins has continued his collecting in northern Peru, and has made several shipments of material which throws Field Work ligrht upon the paths of distribution across the in ^niith or x America Andes from the humid Amazonian forests to the arid Pacific slope. Collecting in eastern Ecuador by Messrs. Olalla and sons, of Quito, has not only added species hitherto unrepresented in American collections, but has been equally successful in supplying many data supplementing Dr. Chapman's own investigations, all of which are being incor- porated in the manuscript of his forthcoming monograph on the distribution of bird life in Ecuador. Late in the year, Dr. Chapman, accompanied by Mr. Frederic C. Walcott, Con- servation Commissioner of Connecticut, sailed for southern Chile, where he plans to study the bird life of the south tem- perate and subpolar Andean environment. During the summer Dr. Chapin spent his vacation in Panama and the Pearl Islands, collecting and studying birds with Mr. Charles H. Rogers of the Princeton Uni- p*" w . versity Museum. His impressions of Central American faunal conditions, as compared with those in equatorial Africa, formed the basis of a paper before the American Ornithologists Union at the annual meeting in October. In January, Mr. Griscom made a brief trip to the coastal prairies of southeastern Texas with Mr. M. S. Crosby, to study the game birds and waterfowl which still exist there in undi- minished abundance. The special object of the trip, to find the Whooping Crane, now almost extinct, was attained. Special attention was given to the ecology of the Tropical species which 114 Report of the President reach their northern limit in this region. During the summer, Mr. Griscom was invited to join a Harvard University explor- ing expedition into unsurveyed portions of the Shickshock Mts., Gaspe Co., Quebec, and was absent during July on this work. No less than four life zones are represented in these mountains, and special attention was devoted to the flora and avifauna of the Hudsonian and Arctic Zones. The principal accessions obtained through field collection and purchase comprise the following: Whitney South Sea Expedi- tion, 5,978 specimens from Polynesia; Third Asiatic Additions Expedition, 128 from China; Australian Expedi- Collections ^on' 149 > vai"i°us sources, 1,392 from Peru, 2,742 from Ecuador, 424 from the Belgian Congo. Im- portant gifts include 254 skins from India, collected and pre- sented by Colonel Faunthorpe and Mr. Vernay; 103 from Dr. L. C. Sanford; 51 African skins from Mr. Martin Johnson; 182 from British Guiana, presented by Messrs. Herbert Lang and W. J. La Varre; 97 specimens from Mrs. W. W. Naumburg; 315 Porto Rican birds from Mr. B. S. Bowdish; and 101 skins from Natal, presented by Mr. F. B. Cowles. Exchanges with the Field Museum of Natural History, the California Academy of Sciences, the Durban Museum of South Africa, the Canterbury Museum of Christchurch, New Zealand, and the Brooklyn Museum, have also enriched the collections. Upwards of 1,100 specimens from Venezuela and other parts of northern South America have been obtained from the last named institution. Completion of the cataloguing and storage of the New World collection, enabled Mr. Griscom to compile for the first time an accurate list of the genera, species, and subspecies of American birds in the Museum, and the approximate number which are available for exchange. With this as a basis, he has been able to complete exchanges entered into years ago with the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Visits to that institution and to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia have further en- abled him to arrange for acquiring certain of our most important desiderata. As matters now stand we lack but twenty-six of the New World genera named in Sharpe's "Hand-List," barring two peculiar forms of hummingbirds which have been given generic names but are now believed to represent hybrids. One of our Accessions of Birds 115 missing genera is West Indian, seven are Central American, and the remainder South American. The bulk of them belong to the families of flycatchers and ant-thrushes. The acquisition of additional storage facilities during the year permitted the partial expansion and rearrangement of the collec- tions, making the various parts more accessible. Care of Under direction of Dr. Murphy, most of the speci- mens from the Pacific Islands have been filed in systematic sequence, filling eleven cases in one of the recently acquired rooms. The identification and cataloguing of the several Old World collections received during the year, as well as the general care and arrangement of that part of the bird collection, has devolved upon Dr. Chapin, who was appointed Associate Curator of Birds of the Eastern Hemisphere. Early in the year, Messrs. Miller and Chapin drew up a list of the genera of Old World birds as yet unrepresented in the collec- tions of the American Museum. Sharpe's "Hand-List" was again the basis, and the number of missing genera was found to be 435, for the Eastern Hemisphere. Through systematic efforts to secure such specimens, during the year, the number has already been reduced to 324. Mr. Griscom devoted such time as was available to a rearrange- ment of part of the First Series of New World birds. The more primitive groups, from the Rheas to the Parrots, were systemati- cally inspected, and many additional forms, recently described, were found to exist in the collection. Mr. Miller and Dr. Chapin have also made a good beginning in a complete overhauling of the Museum's large collection of avian skeletons. Owing to lack of space, this valuable material has been for years accessible only with difficulty. It is now being stored in a large room in the Central Section recently acquired from the Department of Mammals, where it will form for the first time an integral part of the study material in the Department of Birds. The time of the Curator has been employed chiefly in the prep- aration of his Bulletin on the birds of Ecuador, interspersed with necessary monographic revisions of certain neotropi- cal birds, such as the motmots of one genus, and finches of the genus Buarremon. He has also issued descriptions of many new South American forms. 116 Report of the President Dr. Murphy's research has been seriously interrupted by ad- ministrative duties, but he has worked up the specimens repre- senting several families of South American marine and littoral birds, and has made a preliminary study of the great collections from Polynesia, including the description of a number of new or little known forms. He has also published papers relating to insular birds or oceanographic problems, in The Ibis, El Hornero, and the Geographical Review. Mr. Miller has continued his researches on ptilosis and the viscera of birds, while his studies on the structure and classifica- tion of the woodpeckers and their allies have been practically com- pleted. In collaboration with Mr. Griscom, he has resumed work on the report on the distribution of bird life in Nicaragua. Dr. Chapin continued the preparation of his report on the birds of the Belgian Congo. The species to be treated exceed one thousand, and the greater part of this extensive field has been gone over, although for many of the passerine families the sys- tematic notes on distribution and habits have not yet been com- pleted. The three preliminary papers connected with this work which have appeared during the year contain revisions of the genera Guttera and Lampribis, as well as a general survey of bird distribution in tropical Africa, from an ecological point of view, in the American Naturalist. Dr. Chapin has also written a guide leaflet on methods of pre- serving birds for scientific study, for the use of friends of the Museum in the field, which appeared in early December. Mr. Griscom has issued several technical papers in The Auk and elsewhere, as well as an up-to-date work on local birds, pub- lished by the Museum. Of this book, entitled "A Handbook to the Birds of the New York City Region," 400 pages, 6 colored plates and folding map, more than four hundred copies were sold between September 14, the date of issue, and December 1. A review of this work in The Auk states that the author has used "admirable judgment and the result is the most satisfactory local treatise that we have seen . . . indeed it should be in the hands of all field students of the birds of eastern North America." Dr. Dwight and Mrs. Naumburg, Research Associates, have respectively continued their researches upon the gulls of the world and the birds of Brazil. Research and Exhibition 117 As usual, the department was well represented on the annual program of the American Ornithologists Union, which convened at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in October. During Presentation ^he technical session, which occupied one morning of the meeting, five of the six papers presented were the work of ornithologists on our staff. In the course of the entire meeting Dr. Chapman contributed three papers ; Dr. Murphy three ; Mr. Miller one ; Dr. Chapin two ; Mr. Griscom two, and Mrs. Naumburg one. At the annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, held at Ithaca during November, Dr. Chapman delivered, under the auspices of Cornell University, the local chapter of Sigma Xi, and the Academy, a lecture on "The Origin and Distribution of Andean Bird Life." Lack of space has again prevented the preparation and installa- tion of distinctly new exhibits, but accessions of birds in the flesh from the New York Zoological Park have been 1 ion usecj tQ rep]ace qJj an(j fade(j birds in the systematic exhibits with fresh specimens mounted in accordance with the superior modern methods. With the cooperation of the Department of Preparation, the replacing of all soiled or faded labels in the exhibition collections has been carried on as far as possible. 118 Report of the President MAMMALS Roy C. Andrews, Associate Curator of Mammals of the Eastern Hemisphere H. E. Anthony, Associate Curator of Mammals of the Western Hemisphere The Department, during the year, has continued the general expansion and development which has been under way for the past few years, although growth has been more noticeable in additions to collections and installation of storage facilities and methods, while exhibition plans have necessarily found concrete expression more difficult. The total number of specimens received during 1923 is 6,292, acquired as follows : by expedition, 5,653 ; by gift, 284 ; by pur- chase, 341 ; by exchange, 18. The most noteworthy of these accessions are those of the Third Asiatic Expedition, 1,821; the expedition to Ecuador, 2,285; the Faun- thorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition, 127; the expedition to Aus- tralia, 1,200; the expedition to the Gaspe Peninsula, 220. By gift: from Indo-China, 25; from South America, 118; from the New York Zoological Society, 82. The Third Asiatic Expedition has completed three years of extraordinarily successful work in the Orient. Although the Ex- pedition was organized on a five-year basis, such xpe i ions vagt couectjons ancj such important data have already been obtained that it seemed advisable for the members of the staff to return to New York during the winter of 1923- 1924. The results already obtained are of such revolutionary character that it was necessary to consider future work in the light of what has already been discovered. President Osborn visited the Museum's headquarters in Peking and joined the Expedition in Mongolia at Iren Dabasu, where he inspected the personnel, equipment and several of the most im- portant fossil fields. Not only has the Expedition obtained or discovered the largest and richest fossil deposits in the world, but has begun mapping a country half as large as the United States Third Asiatic Expedition 119 and without any accurate map today. Professors Berkey and Morris have made discoveries in the geology of the Gobi Desert which are quite as important, though less spectacular, than those in palaeontology. The combined Asiatic Expeditions have yielded more than 10,000 mammals, many of them new to science, as well as many thousand fish, reptiles and batrachians. A Chinese artist in the employ of the Expedition has executed some beautiful paintings of many of the fish and reptiles of China, and it is hoped that this interesting but little known fauna may be completely illustrated before the work is ended. The work of the expedition has been so extensive that it is possible to mention only a few of the most spectacular finds in palaeontology : the skull of the big Baltic hi- therium, the Dinosaur eggs, and a series of seventy skulls and twelve skeletons which illustrate the complete development of the ancestral Dinosaur Protoceratops; skeletons of other primitive Dinosaurs and a skull of the largest carnivorous mammal known to have existed are perhaps the individual specimens which have attracted the greatest possible notice. There are, however, hun- dreds of other specimens which scientifically are of almost equal importance with those that have been mentioned. In general results, the expedition has demonstrated that Mon- golia was the point of origin and center of distribution of much of the reptile and mammal life of the rest of the world. At this time, America and Europe were low-lying continents practically at the level of the sea, while Mongolia was high and dry upland with conditions favorable for the development of reptilian life. That there was a land connection by way of Bering Strait and the Aleutian Islands and that this was a highway of travel to and from the two continents have been definitely established. After his field survey, President Osborn has admitted that the expedition cannot conclude its work in the five-year period for which it was originally planned. Although a splendid beginning has been made — it is only a beginning. Without doubt, Mongolia presents the greatest opportunity which has been offered to American science in a century. An almost untouched country lies open before us; we have obtained the entree into a region physically and politically difficult of access ; we have the ma- chinery of a great expedition working smoothly and effectively. It is probable that conditions never again will be so auspicious. 120 Report of the President In order to take advantage of this great opportunity, it is neces- sary to extend the period of field work of the expedition for an additional three years, when the original five years are ended. The scope of the work should be enlarged to include a botanist and an archaeologist, and new equipment which will give greater efficiency is urgently needed. The men who have taken part in the expedition during the last three years are as follows : Roy Chapman Andrews, Leader and Zoologist ; J. B. Shackelford, Photographer ; Walter Granger, Palaeontologist ; Charles P. Berkey, Geologist ; Frederick K. Morris, Topographer ; George Olsen and Peter Kaisen, assistants in Palaeontology ; Clifford Pope, assistant in Zoology ; Bayard Colgate, J. McKenzie Young, Albert Johnson and Vance Johnson, Motor Transportation. The Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition completed its first season of field work by the middle of 1923. Mr. Arthur S. Vernay, who so generously financed this ambitious enterprise, and Col. J. C. Faunthorpe, who headed the party in the field, were ex- ceedingly successful, bringing together a magnificent collection of the big game of India, many species of which are fast approach- ing extinction. The collection numbers 127 specimens of about 42 species, and includes the Indian Elephant, the great Indian Rhinoceros, Tiger, Bear, Leopard, Gaur-ox, etc., many of the skins accompanied by complete skeletons. The success of the Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition is to be attributed not only to the experienced planning and administration of the leaders of the party, but to the widespread spirit of cooperation encountered among the Indian officials wherever the expedition moved. Many splendid groups of Indian mammals will appear in the Hall of Asiatic Mammals as a later result of this expedition. Field work in Ecuador was carried on continuously from April throughout the year. The expedition of 1922 lasted into the fore- part of 1923 and the collections made during the latter part of this expedition did not reach the Museum until 1923. Consequently, these specimens appear in the total given for Ecuador, although the work was reported upon in the last Annual Report. Mr. G. H. H. Tate began his third consecutive season in Ecuador (1923) as field collector for the Department of Mammals by a reconnaissance along the west coast of Ecuador from Salinas to Pedernales. On this trip he made several cross-sections through w < S J» u Expedition to Ecuador 121 the low-lying western ranges to investigate persistent reports that high mountain forest was to be found in this region. This sup- position was shown to be erroneous, for no mountains over 2,200 feet in elevation were encountered. At the end of July, Mr. Tate returned with a large collection to Guayaquil to meet Mr. H. E. Anthony, who planned to take direct charge of the Ecuador field work for the ensuing three months. Mr. Anthony and Mr. Tate proceeded to Quito where a base was established in the quarters of Mr. Ludovic Soderstrom, the venerable naturalist who has so often played host to Museum workers. During August, September and October, active collect- ing was carried on over a large extent of territory, comprising Mt. Pinchincha, Mt. Cotopaxi, Mt. Corazon, Mt. Antisana, Mt. Chimborazo, and adjacent territory, where most of the work was done above elevations of 10,000 feet. Sometimes traps were run along a glacier front in the effort to map out the highest life zone. Very valuable results were obtained and in spite of many trans- portation difficulties large collections were taken. Ten days were spent in collecting Pleistocene Mammalia at Punin, where speci- mens of Mastodon, Camel, Horse, Ground-sloth, Deer, Wolf, etc., were found, as well as a human skull which because of its asso- ciations and suggestive appearance may prove to be an excep- tionally interesting find. Mr. Frick contributed $300.00 for field expenses of the expedition, and it was due to his generosity that the expedition was able to cover as much territory as it did, and especially to work in the fossil beds. Mr. Anthony left Ecuador on November 16, bringing back 1,330 mammals, a quantity of fossil material, 454 specimens of plants, small collections of birds and of reptiles and amphibians, and 250 photographic negatives. Mr. Tate remained in the field to carry on the work. The greatest prize of this season's work in Ecuador is a splendid series of nearly 150 Canolestes — skins, skeletons and alcoholics. There are also a number of species new to science in the material taken in Ecuador this year. Mr. H. C. Raven completed the field work in Australia and returned to the Museum early in 1923. He brought back a large collection of mammals, as well as material for other departments. A detailed report of this expedition is given by the Curator of the Department of Comparative Anatomy. Mr. Herbert Lang returned in March from a six months' ab- 122 Report of the President sence in British Guiana. This trip was taken on Mr. Lang's own time and initiative, on accrued vacation periods, but with charac- teristic generosity he has presented to the Museum much valuable material which he collected. Most of the time was spent in the forests of the interior, as one of the purposes was to make a com- parison between the tropical rain-forests of South America and that of the Belgian Congo. Collections of mammals, birds, amphibians, plants, and a large series of photographs were secured. Mr. George G. Goodwin, assistant in the mammals of the West- ern Hemisphere, made a short trip to the Gaspe Peninsula in August and September to collect the mammals of this little-known region. In order to make this possible, he very generously con- tributed his vacation period of three weeks. He was remarkably successful and secured an excellent collection of many species not hitherto represented in the Museum series and of which one species appears to be new to science. There are 220 specimens in the Gaspe collection, and to bring together these specimens Mr. Goodwin penetrated into the interior and underwent considerable hardship and discomfort. Aside from the outstanding contributions of mammals made by the Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition, which are to be considered as a gift from Mr. Arthur S. Vernay and Col. J. C. Faunthorpe, the American Museum has received many other additions to the mammal collections through the kindness of Museum friends. Mr. Douglas Burden has donated 25 valuable specimens of mammals from Indo-China, including Gaur, Banteng, Sambur, Eld's Deer, etc. Mr. William Beebe has presented specimens of the seal from the Galapagos Islands, while Mr. T. D. Carter, assistant in mammals of the Eastern Hemisphere, has given to the Department the mammals collected by him on his vacation spent in Florida. Other gifts are listed at the head of this report. With the construction of the new wing actually under way during the greater part of the year, most of the plans for exhibi- tion have been centered upon the groups to be in- i ion ciuc]ed in the proposed Hall of Asiatic Mammals. A small-scale model of the Hall of Asiatic Mammals has been made, and detailed plans are being formulated for the installation of the many striking groups of the splendid material obtained by Research on Mammals 123 the Third Asiatic Expedition and by the Faunthorpe-Vernay Indian Expedition. The wealth of material from these sources insures a number of very effective groups. The care of study collections, the cataloguing, the storage of material, the conducting of research, have all been carried on under severe handicaps due to congestion in the Care of StudyDepartment Collections More than 5,000 mammals were catalogued and stored in the Department during the year. The card catalogue of the collections has progressed favorably. The Department as- sistants, Messrs. Carter and Goodwin, have brought the study collections as far toward a permanent and systematic arrangement as storage facilities have permitted, and a comparison of the De- partment at the close of 1923 shows considerable advancement over the condition at the close of 1922. Notwithstanding the fact that it has become increasingly diffi- cult to do research work, as the congestion in the Department has grown, there has been a great deal accomplished along the lines of identification and philosophical research. Dr. Glover M. Allen of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at Cambridge was engaged early in the year to work up and identify the accumulated Asiatic collections. The specimens were sent to Cambridge, group by group, and Dr. Allen has already completed the Chiroptera and the Insectivora. He is now at work on the Microtinae. He has published a paper in Novitates on the Chiroptera and has another in press on the Insectivora de- scribing the new species discovered. Mr. H. E. Anthony has spent as much time upon his researches on the mammals of Ecuador as press of other duties allowed. Under his direction, an artist, Mr. Malcolm Jamieson, has made a number of skull figures and drawings. A third preliminary report on Ecuadorian mammals has been published in Novitates, describing eight new species, and many other new species are awaiting opportunity for publication, as the identifications have already been made. Other research by Mr. Anthony includes a report on mammals from the Bogota region of Colombia and from Mexico, the results appearing in a ten-page Novitates. Mr. Herbert Lang has carried on extensive researches neces- 124 Report of the President sary to bring the Congo reports to completion, and has written field notes and observations for papers upon entomology, ichthy- ology, herpetology, and general invertebrate zoology. In addition, he has brought together and arranged for publication the volume to be known as the Allen Memorial Volume. During the year Mr. Lang published a Novitates on a new genus taken by the Congo Expedition. He has also directed the activities of an artist, Mrs. Helen Ziska, who has been engaged upon Congo ma- terial in the Department for the latter half of the year. A phase of research activity that has become more prominent within the past year is the identification of mammal remains for anthropologists. Bones dug up from kitchen-middens or asso- ciated in any way with human occupation are submitted to this Department not only by the Department of Anthropology of this Museum, but also come from the Museum of the American Indian. It is important that care be exercised in making identi- fications, more especially since much of the material is fragmen- tary. This requires much time. Fortunately, Mr. Goodwin has been able to specialize to a certain extent on this work and thus to relieve the Associate Curator, who formerly had to do it all. Some mapping and plotting of distributions have been done during the year. Several large collections have been sent out and received in the course of borrowing or lending to other museums, necessitating no little expenditure of time for listing, packing, checking, etc. By Mr. Roy Chapman Andrews, a series of articles in Asia Magazine, giving the narrative of the Third Asiatic Expedition ; these were begun in April, 1923, and are not yet Publications completed . by Mr H E Anthony, two in Novi- tates; two in Natural History, and one in the Bulletin of the American Game Protective Association; by Mr. Herbert Lang, one in the Museum Bulletin, one in Novitates, and two in the Journal of Mammalogy. Mr. Anthony and Mr. Lang attended the annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists, held in May in Phila- delphia, where each contributed to the program of Other ( _ addresses. Mr. Anthony and Mr. Lang also at- the Staff ° tenQ,ed the annual convention of the American Game Protective and Propagation Association as delegates from the American Museum. Asiatic Mammals 125 Mr. Anthony carried on the campaign for the Allen Memorial Fund, as Secretary and Treasurer of the Central Committee, until July, when he left for Ecuador. Mr. Lang then acted during the absence of Mr. Anthony and was very successful in securing contributions. The Fund now stands at more than $5,200. The most notable progress made by the Department of Mam- malogy during 1923 was in the building up of collections and in the preparation for exhibition. The valuable addi- • tions to the study collections characterize the year just passed as one of the most important in the history of the Department. The accumulation of material for the new Hall of Asiatic Mammals and the plans for exhibition in this hall mark the beginning of an expansion hitherto unexperienced in the De- partment. In publication the year may be considered a normal one. The installation for care of collections and the departmental activities toward the same end have progressed about as in former years. 126 Report of the President EXISTING AND EXTINCT RACES OF MEN Clark Wissler, Curator Ninety-nine accessions were received during the year ; a large number of these were small lots presented by friends of the Museum. Among the most important purchases should be noted a large collection of Swiss Lake Dweller material secured by Mr. Nelson while in Europe last year, a large anatomical collection purchased from Mr. J. F. G. Umlauff in Hamburg, and a large totem pole from the Tsim- shian Indians. Among the most important accessions received by gift are collections of pottery and stone implements presented by Pro- fessor Flinders Petrie; a series of archaeological specimens from England, presented by J. Reid Moir; a valuable manuscript on Indian mythology presented by Ellis Parker Butler ; an eth- nological collection from Argentine by Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Baldwin ; a collection of Lake Dweller material from Switzer- land presented by M. Paul Wernert; a collection of negatives of archaeological remains in Utah and Arizona, ethnological ma- terial, etc., by Mr. B. T. B. Hyde ; and an archaeological collection from Mexico by Mr. John M. Muir. The greater part of the collections received in the course of the year were catalogued by Messrs. Sabine and Hoover. This does not, however, include the large field collec- Cataloguing, tions returned by Messrs. Morris and Sullivan, and Loans ^he additional anatomical material acquired by pur- chase. The whole of this is still to be catalogued, the chief difficulty being lack of room in which to handle it. The American archaeological storage and study collections are being worked over by Mr. Nelson, assisted by Mrs. Nelson and Mr. Hoover, the greater part of the material for Eastern United States having been checked over to date and its storage revised. The remodeling of the table cases in the Eastern Exhibition of Race Types 127 Woodland Hall is practically complete and will provide for the storage of most of the material from Eastern United States. Mr. Mead reports the cataloguing of all the accessions for Mexico and Peru, and the model of an Inca figure completed, colored and placed on exhibition. He also reports that classes in design and art continue to make extensive use of the Peruvian and other collections and that in this connection he has given a number of demonstrations in the exhibition halls. More than 2,000 specimens were handled for this purpose. The modeling of the figures for the Navajo group has pro- ceeded during the year. Mr. Mahonri Young has completed six human and two animal figures, which have been x l lon cast in plaster, ready for coloring. The ceremonial lodge was erected and covered under the direction of Mr. McCor- mick. Everything is now in hand for the early completion of the group. At the special direction of President Osborn, a model was prepared by Mr. Howard McCormick to illustrate the improve- ments that are possible in the architecture and lighting in the Southwest Hall, and suggesting also a rearrangement of the casing. Supplementary label copy for the Northwest Coast Hall was prepared and some revision of the exhibition carried out. Mr. Nelson revised the archaeological exhibit for Greater New York and made several additions to the chronological Old World series in the Archaeological Hall. The installation of the special exhibit of racial types originally outlined by Dr. Sullivan was continued during the year. The sections for Polynesia, Indonesia, and Malaysia are practically complete and awaiting the printing of labels. Three additional sections, for the Eskimo, American Indian, and American white, are nearing completion. Full-size figures, of an Eskimo and of an American Indian, have been completed. We now have a racial series composed of the following types : Hawaiian, Eastern Indian, Western Indian, Eskimo, Bushmen, North European White. All of these have been colored by the Depart- ment of Preparation and are ready for labels and for installation. Three Indian figures, two men and one woman, were com- pleted for exchange with Australian Museums. 128 Report of the President The Department sent out seven expeditions during the year: the Third Bernheimer expedition to northern Arizona ; archaeo- logical excavation on the Navajo Indian Reserva- xpe 1 ions tjon . explorations in Canyon del Muerto ; excava- tion of burial mounds in New Mexico; archaeological exploration in Missouri and Kentucky; ethnological investigation among the Navajo; and an investigation of racial types in Arizona and California. 1. The Third Bernheimer Expedition: Mr. Morris ac- companied Mr. Charles L. Bernheimer in June to explore the canyons of the Carisso Mountains in northeastern Arizona. This exploration revealed unusually promising archaeological sites not heretofore explored. One of these is a burial ground contain- ing at least one thousand burials belonging to the intermediate period of Southwestern culture. On the south side of the Carisso range is a network of small canyons in which more than 150 ruin sites were located. Many of these are of Cliff Dweller type ; such of these sites as were sampled proved to be rich in material. It was also possible to visit the Tunicha range to the south, where a second network of canyons was discovered, and an excursion was made to Canyon del Muerto, where several rich deposits of material were found, particularly at Mummy Cave. 2. Archaeological Excavation on the Navajo Reserva- tion : This expedition was in charge of Mr. Morris, who was accompanied by Dr. Sullivan. In July, excavations were begun near Shiprock, New Mexico, on the Navajo Reservation, under a permit held for that work. The chief objective was the exca- vation of burials on this site and the collection of skeleton material, and on this account Mr. Morris was joined by Dr. Sullivan. The skeleton yield was not entirely satisfactory, since, because of unfavorable conditions, the skeletons were fragmentary. However, at this site a trephined skull was discovered, which is of considerable importance, since it is the first example of such surgery from the Southwest. 3. Exploration in Canyon del Muerto. In September, Mr. Morris returned to Canyon del Muerto, Arizona, for a more ex- tensive examination of Mummy Cave as observed by him and Mr. Bernheimer. A special permit for this work was secured from the Government and excavations were carried on by Mr. Morris until December. A full report on this work is not at hand, but the V^Pr < S 5 < o Burial Mounds of New Mexico 129 specimen yield was excellent and the stratigraphic data obtained will be of unusual importance. 4.-5. Excavation of Burial Mounds in New Mexico, and an Investigation of Racial Types in Arizona and Califor- nia. The field studies conducted by Dr. Sullivan falling under the above heads are covered by his reports as follows : "In July I went to the Navajo Reservation near Shiprock, New Mexico, to visit the work being carried on by Mr. Morris. The skeletal material here did not lend itself well to preservation and it was with considerable difficulty that Mr. Morris saved enough to show the nature of the problem. Enough material was saved or examined in situ to enable us to say that at least two and prob- ably three different physical types of Indians had preceded the Navajo occupation of that vicinity. September and a portion of August and October were spent in digging up skeletal material at the ruin known as San Cristobal, near Lamy, New Mexico. At this site some 350 skeletons were re- moved, but of this number only about 200 were fit, in whole or part, for shipment to New York. These, with the samples already collected at this site by Mr. Nelson, gave us a fine working collec- tion for this particular type of Pueblo peoples. In the course of the work, several pots, countless bone implements and other archaeological artifacts were collected. Here too a second specimen of trephining was unearthed. While the operation in this skull was not as extensive as that of the Shiprock find, nor was the reason for its performance so obvious, nevertheless this skull was of considerable interest because it differed markedly from any other skull taken from this site. At the beginning of this work I had very valuable assistance from and guidance by Mr. Nelson. I also received valuable assistance in packing from Mrs. Nelson. Mr. B. F. Pankey, the owner of the site, continued to show his interest in this type of work and encouraged it by repeated visits and by much practical assistance. The home ranch house was turned over to us for living quarters. This was especially appre- ciated this year on account of the unusual amount of rainy, cold, and windy weather. Several of his storehouses were also put at our disposal. His foreman and ranchmen assisted us in the work in many ways. During January, February, and March, some time was spent in making anthropological examinations of the Mexican and Indian school children in Tuscon, Arizona. This work was started in the Fall of 1922, in conjunction with a psychological survey by Pro- fessor F. C. Paschal of the University of Arizona. Approximately 600 children were given individual anthropological examinations and psychological tests. This work resulted in a joint paper by Professor Paschal and myself, which points out some interesting 130 Report of the President results on the effect of race and environment on the mental and physical status of the Mexicans. April and a part of May were spent in extending the study of the teeth to the immigrant peoples of Fresno County, California. Large numbers of Armenians, Russians, Germans, Slavonians, Italians, and smaller samples of twenty-seven other national groups were studied. The form of the teeth promises some most valuable racial differences and a detailed knowledge of their form in repre- sentative racial and national groups promises to throw considerable light on the history of the races. A more extended knowledge of the teeth in different racial groups is essential for the solution of the problems raised by the Polynesian work carried on by the Department during the past few years. It is a particularly fitting problem to undertake at this time, since it fits in with the programs of Dr. Milo Hellman and Dr. W. K. Gregory, who are also work- ing on human and anthropoid dentition." 6. Ethnological Investigation among the Navajo. Ethno- logical studies among the Navajo were conducted by Dr. Goddard, who reports : "A field trip to the Navajo near Shiprock, New Mexico, was made possible by a gift of Mrs. Willard Straight for the specific purpose. An interesting ceremony was witnessed, one rarely seen and never recorded. A side trip to Canyon de Chelly gave an op- portunity to inspect the site of the Navajo group now nearing completion. Considerable information as to social and ceremonial life was secured and many pages of Navajo text describing the creation of the world recorded. Of particular interest in this text are incidents placed in the well known ruins of the Las Animas Valley and Chaco Canyon. It is hoped that field-work among the Navajo may be continued next year, since the same excellent in- formant and interpreter will probably be available. Through the cooperation of the Southwest Society and Dr. Elsie Clews Parsons, Mr. Owen Cattell was sent to Zuni late in November and there secured a moving picture record of Shalako, the most important Zuni ceremony." 7. Archaeological Exploration in Missouri and Ken- tucky. From August 23 to October 31, Mr. Nelson was engaged in archaeological explorations. First, he joined Dr. Sullivan in New Mexico, spending a few days in advising him as to the burial sites in which explorations were to be made. Mr. Nelson then went to Pineville, Missouri, where excavations were begun in Jacobs Cavern. Three weeks were spent in trenching the talus to this cavern and in trial trenches within the cave itself. Mr. Nel- son was joined by Dr. Vernon C. Allison of the Bureau of Mines Research in Anthropology 131 in Pittsburgh, who is making a special study of the stalagmite de- posits in this cave. One of the large stalagmites was removed from the cavern and forwarded to Dr. Allison in Pittsburgh for future study. The talus and the cave did not yield important stratigraphic results. Unfortunately, the talus proved to be shallow with no differentiation of materials as to depth. The work in the cave was also negative in that no chronological distinctions could be made. The next objective was Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, but on the way, the famous Peoria flint quarry in Oklahoma was examined and collections made. The explorations in the vicinity of Mam- moth Cave brought to light old flint workings of some interest. About three weeks were spent in exploring these flint workings which seem to have some indications of antiquity. On the return trip several of the large caverns in Virginia were visited. A number of research projects were carried on during the year. Dr. Waldemar Jochelson continued his work upon the Jesup North Research Pacific Expedition publications until August first. Work Arrangements were made by which Mrs. Jochelson assisted him in this work and made some necessary anthropometric calculations for Professor Boas to be used in the final volume of this series. Since August first, Dr. Jochelson has been working on the archaeology of the Aleutian Islands under a grant from the Carnegie Institution of Washington. As stated elsewhere in this report, Dr. Vernon C. Allison of the Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, will continue his study of stalagmite growth. Dr. Milo Hellman, research associate in anthropology, has con- tinued his study of dentition, though the greater part of his time has been devoted to certain comparative studies in conjunction with the Department of Anatomy. Aside from a number of minor research problems carried out during the year, special mention should be made of the work under the grant from the National Research Council for the in- vestigation of problems in the distribution of populations and the crossing of races. A manuscript for a Handbook on the Indians of the North Pa- cific Coast was completed by Dr. Goddard, and a manuscript for a handbook on Prehistoric Peru was prepared by Mr. Mead. These are ready for publication. The following were issued during the year: "Essentials of 132 Report of the President Anthropometry," by L. R. Sullivan (special publication) ; "The Ancient Quipu or Peruvian Knot Record," by L. Leland Locke (special publication) ; "Laguna Genealogies," by Elsie Clews Par- sons (Anthropological Papers, American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XIX, part V). Acknowledgments of courtesies extended to members of the Department are gratefully made to the following : Mr. Robert Tomlinson, Kispiox, British Columbia, Canada, for assistance to Dr. Goddard in securing a totem pole from the Tsimshian Indians. Mr. B. F. Pankey, Lamy, New Mexico, for permission to excavate burial mounds at the San Cristobal Ruins situated on Mr. Pankey's ranch; for providing living quarters and storage space; and for permitting his foreman and ranchmen to assist Dr. Sullivan in many ways. Mr. Albert Covington Janin, of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, a Trustee of the Mammoth Cave Estate, extended many cour- tesies to Mr. Nelson during his recent visit to the cave. Mr. E. Y. Guernsey of Bedford, Indiana, at the request of the Museum, visited and examined an archaeological site in Jennings County, Indiana. The following gentlemen cooperated very cordially with Dr. Sullivan during his study of racial types among the children in Fresno, California : W. J. Cooper, Superintendent of Schools, Fresno; F. H. Sutton, Principal, Fresno Technical High School, and Mr. I. W. Cappleman, Principal, Kirk School, Fresno. Professor F. C. Paschal, University of Arizona, Tucson, for cooperating with Dr. Sullivan in a psychological and anthropo- logical analysis of Mexican school children in Tucson. The outside activities of the staff were: Dr. Wissler gave a lecture at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Primitive Art. Dr. Wissler represented the American Museum at the con- ference on Indian Affairs called bv Secretary Work. He is also a vice-president of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences. Mr. N. C. Nelson is Treasurer of the American Ethnological Society. Australian Collections 133 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY William K. Gregory, Curator The return of Mr. H. C. Raven, Field Representative of the First Australian Expedition, with all collections intact, and the receipt of considerable exchange material from several Australian museums, brought much nearer the realization of the plans for an Australian Hall in this Museum. The localities visited by the Expedition, or from which material was secured, are indicated on the accompanying map. As soon as Mr. Raven returned from Australia, he set about putting his collections in order and ar- ranging for their installation and preservation. The greater part of the more than two thousand specimens of vertebrates, with field notes, were turned over to the departments of Mammalogy, Herpetology, Ornithology, Anthropology, Ichthyology and Verte- brate Palaeontology, the remainder being retained in the Depart- ment of Comparative Anatomy. A temporary exhibit of the Aus- tralian material, filling fourteen A-cases, was placed in the For- estry Hall. By arrangement with the Department of Mammalogy, Mr. Raven undertook and has very vigorously pushed forward the work of identifying, cataloguing and describing the mammals he collected in Australia. This collection includes representatives of most of the Australian genera, including beautifully preserved skins, an unusually complete series of skeletons, and a series of two hundred and forty prepared anatomical specimens preserved in liquid. By the end of the year 1923, Mr. Raven had cleaned twenty-six skeletons and about three hundred skulls for the study collections. He also identified and catalogued the fossil mammals received in exchange from Australian museums. He compiled an extensive digest of the literature of the Marsupials and has com- pleted the section on the Macropodidaa or kangaroos; he has also made good progress on a systematic revision of this group, which will form the basis both for a series of papers on the evolution of the kangaroos and for an exhibit illustrating the remarkable adaptations of the various genera for different modes of life. 134 Report of the President With regard to the proposed Australian Hall (described by Curator Gregory in the January-February number of Natural History, 1924) the object will be to give the visitor a vivid im- pression of the more salient features of Australia, rather than to overwhelm him with the vast deposit of details that conceals Aus- tralia in the encyclopedias. It is planned that the hall shall con- tain mounted groups of some of the more famous mammals ami birds, along with several groups showing the life of the aboriginal inhabitants ; relief models and a few selected specimens will serve to illustrate the physical geography and elementary geology ; a part of the hall will be devoted to views of Australia as it is to- day, with its great cities and its principal products, while large photographs will show the clearing of the land and the devastation wrought upon the native fauna. Accordingly, plans for several habitat groups of Australian mammals were worked out and the kangaroo group was well started, but owing to the pressure of prior work in the Department of Preparation, it has not been completed. While in Australia the Curator arranged a number of ex- changes, which during the past two years have been largely con- summated. The American Museum has sent to several Aus- tralian museums accurate replicas of the great skull of Tyran- nosaurus, original limb bones of the huge Brontosaurus, model restorations of Camarasauriis, complete and beautifully executed models of two Indians of the Plains, a life-size replica of the skeleton of the great fossil amphibian, Eryops, a series of Pro- fessor McGregor's restorations of prehistoric men, and other material. On their part the Australian museums have sent the American Museum a replica of the skeleton of the giant marsupial Diprotodon, an original skull of the so-called marsupial lion, Thylacolco, original remains of Diprotodon and other extinct marsupials, an extensive series of casts of type specimens of ex- tinct marsupials described by Owen, and some fine slabs containing fossil ganoid fishes of peculiar type. Models of two full-length figures of Australian aboriginals have also been received, while a replica of the skelton of Truganini, the "last of the Tasman- ians," a series of busts of Australian aboriginals and a large col- lection of photographs of aboriginals have been offered and ac- department of comparative anatomy Comparative Anatomy of the Human Skull and Nine Structural Stages in Its Evolution from Lower 1. CM CM LO in CM o i^ o 00 o oo 00 o n 00 od o LTj CM oo -r o «/> cm cm o vo o O 00 f * >H — * PO I-l * ^ in m vo vo vo vo vo ^ vo vo r>* t^t^ coco oo oo oo oo oo oo 0> fl» O O Ot OA O O o ^ OO O O oo ooo o oo rCV o >n oo o o <^oo o cm vo on n n" cm cm* o" o" oo CM N N CM CM i-i .-i co >-i —ii-i ■-. i-i „ _ _ _ CM co ►» !►> SS S 3 — ' ~ o Q < u u u u ^. 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K "= 5 S r c= s & r: - a O 6 _ U - : § = - - .i z i J s * y. en - fi •- B 3 OOiOiJ = o 3 a % © o © o © a 5 = © © © © © © a © © o o © © o © © o © O O o © o © o o © o 2 = o © © — © o o © © = ■z o © © o © 9 r. © © © © a © 2 © 3 o © o © © © © © © 5 9 5 © o © © © © o o o o o o © c © = o © © © © © © © © © © © © © © o © © e o VO ^ V) w^ »r> M ur. M M u-. \*\ il -r VO - 266 Pension Board PENSION FUND ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Cash on Hand January 1, 1923 $9,498.50 Contributions of Subscribing Employees: Deductions of 3% from Payrolls of City Maintenance Account $8,287.29 General Account 4,621.00 Morris K. Jesup Fund Account 3,852.20 Special Funds Account 206.96 Corporate Stock Account 521.64 $17,489.09 Personal Contributions of Subscribing Employees 1,437.11 Interest on Deferred Contributions 70.34 $18,996.54 Contributions of Board of Trustees : To Equal Contributions of Subscribing Employees 18,996.54 Income from Investment Fund 10,393.43 Income from Endowment Fund 50.34 10,443.77 Interest on Credit Balances 210.66 48,647.51 Bursar's Account 500.00 $58,646.01 Examined and / Adrian Iselin 1 Auditing Approved I A. Perry Osborn / Committee. in account with George F. Baker, Jr.. Treasurer 267 PENSION FUND ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 Return of Contributions $2,048.58 Interest on Contributions Returned 137.39 $2,185.97 Service Pensions "A" 1,039.92 Service Pensions "B" 250.00 Service Pensions "C" 382.28 Service Pensions "E" 988.00 Pensions in Event of Illness, Dismissal, etc 473.28 Death Gratuities Paid Under Section 18 931.45 4,064.93 Expenses 50.00 $6,300.90 Purchase of Securities : Investment Fund 39,263.75 Loan Account 500.00 Cash on Hand December 31, 1923: Deposited with the United States Trust Company of New York $12,081.36 Deposited with the Colonial Bank (Bursar's Account) 500.00 12,581.36 $58,646.01 E. and O. E. GEORGE F. BAKER, Jr., New York, December 31, 1923. Treasurer. 268 Pension Board PENSION FUND— SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Receipts, 1923 Welfare Fund: Balance January 1, 1923 $67.83 Transferred from General Account (Allowances from Trustees) $333.52 Transferred from Interest on Credit Balances 3.64 337.16 $404.99 Interest on Credit Balances: Balance January 1, 1923 1.83 Earnings to December 31, 1923 1.81 3.64 $408.63 Examined and / Adrian Iselin "t Auditing Approved I A. Perry Osborn / Committee. in account with George F. Baker, Jr., Treasurer 269 PENSION FUND— SPECIAL FUNDS ACCOUNT Disbursements, 1923 Welfare Fund $333.52 Interest on Credit Balances: Transferred to Welfare Fund 3.64 Cash on Hand December 31, 1923: Deposited with United States Trust Company of New York 71.47 $408.63 E. and O. E. GEORGE F. BAKER, Jr., New York, December 31, 1923. Treasurer. QH American Museum of Natural 71 History, New York A6A1 Report 1923 Biological k Medical Senate PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY ST A >*^