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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Matural History Society

Year Ending 380th September, 1880,

Adopicd at a Meeting held on Thursday, Oct. 14, 1880.

SA Be Bes

_ Brighton :
G. W. MARKWIOK, “GUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1880.

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Matural History Society
Year Ending 380th September, 1880,

Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, Oct. 14, 1880.

Brighton :
G, W. MARKWICK, “GUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1880,

President :
MR. THOMAS GLAISYER.

Wice-Presidents :

MR. HOLLIS, MR. HASELWOOD,

MR. BIGGE, MR. ALD. COX,

DR. HALLIFAX, MR. J. DENNANT,

MR. SIMONDS, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. PENLEY, DR. BADCOCK,

MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, MR. ALD. MAYALL,
MR. F. MERRIFIELD, HON. HOWE BROWNE.

Honorary Treasurer:

MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NORTH STREET.

Samimittes :
MR. C. F. DENNET, | DR. CORFE,
MR. E. A. PANKHURST, | DR. MILES,
MR. ALD. HALLETT, | THE REV. H. G. DAY.

Honorary Secretaries :

MR. BENJAMIN LOMAX, MR. J. COLBATCH CLARK,
II, PARK CRESCENT TERRACE. 56, MIDDLE STREET.

Honorary Librarian aml Curator:

MR. R. GLAISYER,
THs, DPAP EN Gea Ry.

At the Annual Meeting of the BricHTON AND Sussex
NATuRAL History Soctety, held in the Curators Room, Free

Library and Museum, Church Street, October 14th, 1880,

It was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought in, be
received, adopted, and entered on the minutes, and printed for

circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year :—President and Treasurer: Mr.
Thomas Glaisyer; Committee: Mr. C. F. Dennet, Mr. Alderman
Hallett, Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe, and the Rev.
H. G. Day; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax and Mr. John
Colbatch Clark; ‘Honorary Librarian and Curator: Mr. Robert
Glaisyer.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Secretaries, and

Honorary Librarian, for their services during the past year.

(Signed) J. E. MAYALL,

Chairman.
IT was ALSO RESOLVED,—
That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to the Hon.

Howe Brown for his able conduct as President during the past

year.

Sad all 3B gat GO: al mg igh

IN presenting their Report for the year ending the 30th of September,
1880, your Committee, whilst having the pleasure of recording the
continued financial prosperity of this Society, very much regret
that the attendance at the Meetings during the past year has not
been so large as in previous years, and particularly that the
Microscopical Meetings have for some time been so thinly attended,
that your Committee have thought it desirable to discontinue them
altogether for the present, and they would urge upon the Members
to use their best exertions to further the objects of the Society by
attending its Meetings, and by reading Papers and promoting
discussion on the Papers read by others, and by bringing before the
Society all matters of interest relating to Natural History with

which they may become acquainted.

Your Committee much regret the loss of Mr. Givatkin, who died
in March last ; he was one of the Vice-Presidents of the Society, and
had been one of its most useful Members, having for many years
taken the entire charge of the Library, and provided accommodation

for it at his residence.

All the Liabilities of the Society have been discharged, and

there is now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amounting to
Lior 16s. 7d. A Statement of the Accounts for the year is
annexed.

6

The number of Members has decreased slightly during
the year. A list of the present Members is appended to this

report.

A List of the Books which have been presented to the Society
during the year, and also a List of the Books purchased during the

year, are appended to this report.

The Conversazione was held at the Royal Pavilion on the 4th
of March, and was very successful, having been attended by 520

Members and friends.

The Field Excursions during the year have been as follows :—
1879: October 11th, to Hassock’s Gate; 1880: May 15th, to
Burgess Hill; June 12th, to Falmer ; August 14th, to Worthing ;

September 11th, to Crowborough.

The Excursion to Crowborough was made upon the invitation
of Mr C. L. Prince, by whom the party were most hospitably

entertained.

The Annual Excursion took place on the 8th of July, to Steyning.
The party also visited Wiston Park (where they were hospitably
entertained by the Rev. John Goring) and Chanctonbury, and a very
pleasant day was spent, though the party was smaller than in

previous years, except 1879.

A List of the Papers read at the Ordinary Meetings is
appended to this Report, and the thanks of the Society are due

to those gentlemen who have read them.

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the

Government of the United States and the Smithsonian Institute,

7

for their great and continued liberality in forwarding valuable

Reports and other Papers.

The following is a List of the Papers read at the Ordinary

Meetings :—

1879: October, on “ The Elephant Bed near Brighton,” Mr.
It. H. Stevens; November, ‘“‘The Edentata,” Mr. B. Lomax ;
December, “ Nature’s Cycles,” Rev. H. G. Day.—1880: February,
“The Protococcus and its Allies,” Mr. H. Edmonds; April,
“Traces of the Earlier Inhabitants of North Hampshire,” con-
tributed by Dr. J. V. Stevens; May, ‘The Leaf: Its Structure
and Functions,” Mr. Caush ; June, “ The Last Field Excursion,”

Rey. J. H. Cross ; September, “ An Early British City,” Dr. Miles.

The following Books have been presented to the Society
during the year :—

The Insect Fauna of the Secondary or Mesozoic Period, by
H. Goss, F.L.S, (from the Author); Three vols. Ornithological
Miscelianies, by G. D. Rowley, F.L.S. (from Mrs. Rowley); How
to Work with the Microscope, by Lionel Beale (from the Author) ;
The Rot in Sheep, by J. B. Simonds (from C. F. Dennet); Guida
de l’Acquaria di Napoli (from H. J. Matthews); Six copies of
Leisure Hour, containing the Underground Geology of the South
East of England, by Miss Agnes Crane (from the Authoress) ;
Geological Antiquity of Insects, by H. Goss, F.L.S. (from the
Author) ; Notes on the Palaeozoic Crustacea (Merostomata), by H.
Woodward, F.G.S. (from H. Willett); Palaeontology of the Coasts
of the Arctic Lands, Position of the Silurian, Devonian, and

Carboniferous Rocks of the London Area, by R. Etheridge, F.RS.

8

(from the Author); Photographs of the Aloe in Bloom (1878) at
Lewes, and of the Hermitage Rocks at Buxted (from B. Lomax).
Report of the Smithsonian Institution; Eleventh Annual Report
of the United States Survey of the Territories; [Illustrations of
Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants; Tertiary Flora; Report of the
Comptroller of the Currency for 1878 and 1879; Catalogue of
the Publications of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey
of the Territories (from the Government of the United States) ;
Annual Report of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club for 1977,
1878, and 1879; Report of North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field
Club for 1879 ; Transactions and Proceedings of Barrow Naturalists’
Field Club for 1876-77-78-79 ; Three numbers of Proceedings of
Geologists’ Association ; Journal of Quekett Microscopical Club ;
Reports of Royal Microscopical Society ; Annual Report of Cardiff
Naturalists’ Society for 1879 ; Transactions of Edinburgh Geological

Society ;—from the Secretaries of the respective Societies.

The following Books have been purchased during the year :—
Free and Semiparasitic Copeboda ofthe British Islands, by G.
Stewardson Brady, F.L.S. (Ray Society); British Eocene Flora
(Part 2, Filices), by J. S. Gardner, F.G.S., and C. B. Ettingshausen,
Ph.D. ; British Oolitic Echinodermata (Asteroidea and Orphiuroidea),
by T. Wright, F.R.S.; British Fossil Brachyopoda, by T. Davidson,
F.R.S. (Supplement to the Permian and Carboniferous Species) ;
Ammonites of the Lias of the British Islands, by T. Wright, F.R.S. ;
Reptilia of the London Clay, by Professor Owen, F.R.S. (Palzeon-

tological Society) ; La Maout and Decaisnes Botany.

LIST OF MEMBERS

Brighton & Sussex Matural History Saciety,

OCTOBER, 1880.

Te

Aylen, S.
Abbey, H.
Andrews, A. R.

Bellingham, C.
Bigge, A.

Brown, J. H.
Browne, G.

Badcock, Dr.

Black, A.

Boxall, W. P.

Balean, H.

Booth, E.

Browne, Hon. Howe.
Benifold, J. S.
Bishop, J. G.
Botting, W.

Baseden, W. H.
Brinton, R.

Blaker, T. F. I.
Beverley, Rev. H. W.
Benson, G. F.

Clark, J. Colbatch
Curtis, J.

™~

Cruss, Rev. J. H.
Cox, A, HL:
Creak, A.
Carpenter, C.
Capon, J.
Clayton, C. E.
Corfe, Dr.
Clowser, T. H:
Challen, W.
Cobb, R.
Clarke, W. T.
Champion, F. S.
Comlidge, T.
Caush, D. E.
Cowley, F., Jun.
Charington, H.
Chapman, E.

Dennant, J.
Dowsett, A.
Davey, H.
Dennet, C, F.
Deane, W.
Duguid, T. I. ~

Davis, H. C.
Day, Rev. H. G.
Drewett, S.
Duke, F.

Edmonds, H.

Fox, O. A.
Fowler, T. M.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel
Fisher, A.
Felton, W.
Farr, A. R.
Fisher, S. W.

Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, R.
Glaisyer, J. H.
Graham, J. T.
Goss, H.
Grant, W.

Hauxwell, Dr. H. F.
Hallifax, Dr.
Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.
Henty, W.
Haselwood, J. E.
Harris, E. H.
Hallett, W. H.
Hart, E. J.
Hilton, W.
Hurst, H.
Hamilton, C. C.

10

Hobbs, J.

Heald, C. J.
Hack, D.

Hollis, Dr: W. A.
Holder, J. J.
Hamblin, E.
Hannington, Rev. J.
Hoadley, A.
Hall, E. P.
Holloway, A.
Hamblin, J.
Haynes, J. L.
Hodgson, G. F.

Infield, H. J.

Jackson, A. W.
Jackson, W.
Jenner, J. H. A.

Knightley, Dr.
King, Dr. J. B.

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lethbridge, E. B.

‘Lucas, J. E.

Leigh, T.
Lucas, A.

Lee, J. S.
Lomax, O’Brien:
Lulham, E. W.
Loader, A.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.

Likeman, J.

Merrifield, F.
Moseley, Rev. T.
Marshall, E. J.
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.

Millard, Dr. W. J. K.

Morris, J.
Medcalf, E. S,
Mills, A.
Marchant, W.

_ Merry, W.
Miles, Dr. E. J.

Nash, G.
Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C,

Norman, S.

Penley, M.
Phillips, B.
Pocock, C, J.
Pratt, H.
Pankhurst, E. A.
Puttick, W.
Paine, C.
Patten, A. J.

Ross, Dr. Harris.
Rutter, Dr.

Ross, Dr. Douglas.

Rose, J.

Ryde, G. W.

Ryde, W.
Rogers, R. S.
Roper, F. C. S.

Smith, C, P.
Smith, T.

Smith, W.
Smith, J. P. M.
Smith, H. S,
Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. E,
Scott, E.
Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Stride, J. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Slemen, T.
Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.
Stevens, R. H.
Saxby, H.

Tuke, J. K.
Thomas, D.
Trasenster, E, A.
Tasker, J.

Verrall, Henry.
Verrall, Hugh J.

Wallis, M.
Wallis, W. C.

12

Wallis, E. A. Waterman, W. H.
Winter, J. N. Woodman, James.
Wills, J. Welch, J. E.
Wood, W. R. Wilkinson, T.
Wood, W. R., Jun. Willett, H.
Wood, J. Warden, E.

Williams, H. M.

~

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rey. G. A.
Curteis, T.

Latham, Dr. K. G.
Lee, H.

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.

Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton.

18

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of the

Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.

Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)

Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.

Chester Society of Natural Science.

Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.

Croydon Microscopical Society.

Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.

Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Folkestone Natural History Society.

Geologists’ Association.

Glasgow Natural History Society.

Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.

Leeds Naturalists’ Club.

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.

Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.

North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.

Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass., U.S.A.

Quekett Microscopical Club.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal Society.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.

Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.

Watford Natural History Society.

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ANNUAL REPORT

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Matural History Society
= Ending 80th September, 1881.

eee

Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, Ott. 20, 1882.

NO eee

Ge Brightow:
| PRINTED AT THE “GUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1881. eo

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

| Matural History Society

FOR THE

fear Ending 80th September, 1881.

Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, Oct. 20, 1881.

—eoEeEerr~

Brighton:
(TED AT THE “GUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1881.

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President :
REY, Ha G. DAY.

Wice-Presidents :

MR. HOLLIS, MR. F. MERRIFIELD,
MR. BIGGE, MR. HASELWOOD,
DR, HALLIFAX, MR. ALD. COX,

MR. SIMONDS, MR. J. DENNANT,
MR. PENLEY, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, DR. BADCOCK,

MR. T. GLAISYER, | MR, J. J. E. MAYALL,

HON. HOWE BROWNE.

' Honorary Treasurer :
MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NORTH STREET,

Committers :
MR. C. F. DENNET, DR: CORFE,
MR. E. A. PANKHURST, DR. MILES,
MR. ALD. HALLETT, MR. F. E. SAWYER,

Honorary Secretaries:

MR. BENJAMIN LOMAX, MR. J. COLBATCH CLARK,
II, PARK CRESCENT TERRACE. | 64, MIDDLE STREET,

Honorary Librarian and Curator:

MR. R. GLAISYER,
THE DISPENSARY,

At the Annual Meeting of the BRIGHTON AND Sussex
NaTuRAL History Society, held in the Curator’s Room, Free
Library and Museum, Church Street, October 20th, 1881,

iT was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought in,
be received, adopted, and entered on the minutes, and printed for

circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year:— President: Rev. H. G. Day ;
Treasurer: Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee: Mr. C. F. Dennet,
Mr. Alderman Hallett, Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe,
and Mr. F. E. Sawyer; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax and
Mr. John Colbatch Clark; Honorary Librarian and Curator: Mr.
Robert Glaisyer.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Secretaries, and

Honorary Librarian, for their services during the past year.

(Signed) THOS. GLAISYER,

Chairman.

IT was ALSO RESOLVED,—

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to Mr. T,

Glaisyer for his able conduct as President during the past year.

oP Ot.

~~~

In presenting their Report for the year ending the 3oth of
September, 1881, your Committee are pleased to be able to record
the continued financial prosperity of this Society, and an improve-
ment in the attendance at the Meetings during the past year, but
feel it necessary again to ask the Members to use their best
exertions to further the objects of the Society by attending its
Meetings, and by reading Papers and promoting discussion on the
Papers read by others, and by bringing before the Society all
‘matters of interest relating to Natural History with which they may

become acquainted.

All the liabilities of the Society have been discharged, and
there is now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amounting to
4114 3s. 2d. A statement of the Accounts for the year is

annexed.

The number of Members has decreased slightly during the

year. A list of the present Members is appended to this Report.

A list of the Books-which have been presented to the
Society during the year, and also a list of the Books purchased
during the year, is appended to this Report. The Conversazione
was held at the Royal Pavilion, on the 24th of March, and was very

successful, having been attended by 532 Members and friends.

6

_ The Field Excursions during the year have been as
follows :—1880: October 16th, to Shoreham; 1881: May r4th, to
Falmer ; June 11th, to Arundel; July 16th, to Newhaven ; August

13th, to West Grinstead ; September roth, to Mayfield.

The Excursion to Newhaven was made by sea, Mr. Alderman
Cox having kindly invited the Members to go on board his steam

yacht,

‘The Annual Excursion took place on the 7th of July, to

Bolney and Wykehurst, and a very pleasant day was spent.

A list of the Papers read at the Ordinary Meetings is
appended to this Report, and the thanks of the Society are due

to those gentlemen who have read them.

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
Government of the United States and the Smithsonian Institute for
their great and continued liberality in forwarding valuable Reports

and other papers.

The following is a List of the Papers read at the Ordinary
Meetings : —

1880: Octsber, on “The Legend of the Devil’s Dyke (near Brighton)
“and its Origin,” by Mr. Frederick E. Sawyer, F.M.S.

November, “On some of the Characteristic Features of Nature in
“ South America, as delineated by Alexander Von Humboldt,
“interspersed with remarks on Humboldt’s life, character,

“and achievements,” by Mr. G, F. Benson.

1881: January, on “Plants and their Unbidden Guests,” written

by Miss Barnard.

“ses ere

7

1881. February, on “The Natural History of Rake,” by Mr.

B. Lomax.
April, on “ An Hour in a Coal Mine,” by Mr. R. H. Stevens.
May, on “The Theory of Evolution,” by the Rey. H. G. Day.

September, on “A Species of Lepeoptheirus probably undescribed,”
written by the Rev. E. T. Stubbs, and read by his son, Mr.
John Hamilton Stubbs.

Donations of the following Books have been received :—

Hampshire Inn Signs, by Dr. J. Stevens (from the Author) ;
Evolution, a Paper read May 12, 1881, and Geological Teaching,
by Rev. H. G. Day (from the Author); Geological Antiquity of
Insects, by H. Goss, F.L.S. (from the Author) ; Arctic Exploration
in search of Sir John Franklin (from R. Glaisyer); Commercial
Products of the Animal Kingdom, by P. L. Simmons (from the
Author) ; Geological Map of England and Wales (from H. Willett),
6 numbers; Examples of Works of Art in South Kensington
Museum (from H. Willett); Report of Smithsonian Institute for
1879 (from the Government of the United States of America) ;
Parts 57-58 Cassell’s Natural History; Bryozoa and Brachiopoda,
by Miss Crane (from the Authoress). Also, from the respective
Secretaries of the following Societies :—Transactions and Proceed-
ings of Croydon Microscopical and Natural History Club; Trans-
actions of Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 1876 to
1879; Reports and Proceedings of Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club,
1876-1879 ; Annual Report of North Staffordshire Naturalists’
Field Club, 1878-1880; Report and Transactions of Cardiff

Naturalists’ Society, Vols. 10, 11, 12, 1878-1880; Transactions of

8
Edinburgh Geological Society, Vol. 3,. Part 2; Transactions of
Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club, Vol. 1 ;
Inaugural Address of President, and Vol. 2, Part 1; Tenth Annual
Report of the Chester Society of Natural Science ; Proceedings of
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, 1878-1880 ;
Inaugural Address by B. Halgate, F.RS., to Leeds Geological
Association ; Proceedings of Société Belge de Microscopie ;

Transactions of Edinburgh Geological Society, season 1880-1881.

The following Books have been purchased during the year :—
Wallace’s Island Life, Huxley’s Cray-fish, Dawkins’ Early Man
in Britain, Geikie’s Prehistoric Europe, Tyler's Anthropology,
Braithwaite’s Flora, Gunther’s Fishes, Challenger Expedition, 2 Vols.
(Zoology), Nicholson’s Paleontology, Hull’s Geology of Ireland,
Darwin’s Movement of Plants; The Cretaceous Echinodermata,
by T. Wright, F.R.S. (Vol. 1, Part 9);—Supplement to Fossil
Brachiopoda (Devonian and Silurian), by T. Davidson, F.R.S.
(Vol. 4, Part 4); Supplement to Fossil Trigoniz, by Dr. Lycett ;
Ammonites of the Lias, by T. Wright, F.R.S. (Part 4); The
Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, by Professor Owen (Part 3) ;
The Fossil Elephants (Elephas Primigenius and Meridionalis), by

Professor Leith Adams (Part 3), Paleontological Society.

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

Brighton & Sussex Matural History Saciety,

OCTOBER, 1881.

Aylen, S.
Abbey, H.
Andrews, A. R.

Bellingham, C.
Bigge, A.

Brown, J. H.
Browne, G.
Badcock, Dr.

Black, A.

Boxall, W. P.
Balean, H.

Booth, E.

Brown, Hon. Howe.
Bishop, J. G,
Botting, W.
Brinton, R.

Blaker, T. F. I.
Beverley, Rev. H. W.
Benson, G. F.

Clark, J. Colbatch
Curtis, J.

Cross, Rey. J. H.
Cur; A. FH

Carpenter, C.
Capon, J.
Corfe, Dr.
Clowser, T. H.
Challen, W.
Cobb, R.
Clarke, W. T,
Champion, F. S.
Comlidge, T.
Caush, D. E.
Cowley, F., Jun.
Charington, H.
Chapman, E.

Dennant, J.
Davey, H.
Dennet, C. F.
Deane, W.
Davis, H. C.
Day, Rev. H. G.
Duke, F.

Edmonds, H.
Evans, George.

Fox, O. A.
Fowler, T. M.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel.
Farr, A. R.
Fisher, S. W.
Fayle, J.

Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, R.
Glaisyer, J. H.

Hauxwell, Dr. H. F.
Hallifax, Dr.
Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.
Haselwood, J. E.
Harris, E. H.
Hallett, W. H.
Hart, E. J.
Hurst, H.
Hobbs, J.

Heald, C. J.
Hack, D.

Hollis, Dr. W. A.
Holder, J. J.
Hamblin, E.
Hannington, Rev. J.
Hoadley, A.
Holloway, A.
Hamblin, J.
Haynes, J. L.
Hodgson, G. F.

Infield, H. J.

10

Jackson, A. W.
Jackson, W.
Jenner, J. H. A.
James, R. A.

Knightley, Dr.

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lethbridge, E. B.
Lucas, J. E.
Leigh, T.

Lucas, A.

Lee, J..5:
Lomax, O’Bryen.
Lulham, E. W.
Loader, A.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.
Likeman, J.

Merrifield, F.
Moseley, Rev. T.
Marshall, E. J.
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.
Millard, Dr. W. J. K.
Morris, J.
Medcalf, E. S.
Mills, A.
Marchant, W.
Merry, W.

Miles, Dr. E. J.

Nash, G.

Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C.
Norman, S.
Newnham, J. M.

Penley, M.
Phillips, B.
Pocock, C. J.
Pratt, He
Pankhurst, E. A.
Puttick, W.
Paine, C.
Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F.

Ross, Dr. Harris.
Rutter. Dr.

- Ross, Dr. Douglas.
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.

Rogers, R. S.
Roper, F. C. S.

Smith, C. P.
Smith, T.
Smith, W. °
Smith, J. P. M.

Smith, S. J. Woodham.

Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. E.

il

Scott, E.
Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Stride, J. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.
Stevens, R. H.
Saxby, H.
Street, Arthur.
Sanderson, Rev. E.

Thomas, D.
Trasenster, E. A.
Tasker, J.
Trenchard, J. A

Verrall, Henry.
Verrall, Hugh J.

Wallis, M.

Wallis, W. C.
Wallis, E. A.
Wills, J.

Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., Jun.
Wood, J.
Williams, H. M.
Woodman, James.
Welch, J. E.
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.
Warden, E.

HONORARY MiIMBERS.

Bloomfield, Rev E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

Davis, Dr. W.
Latham, Dr. K. G.
Mkee El:

Mitten, W.

Prince, (C. 12

Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton.

ce y

LADS S@Ssserprtean

———__

Barnard, Miss.

Woollams, Mrs. Henry.

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of the
Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.

Chester Society of Natural Science.

Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.

Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.

Geologists’ Association.

Glasgow Natural History Society.

Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.

Leeds Naturalists’ Club.

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass., U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal Society.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles. .
Watford Natural History Society.

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SEPTEMBER,

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October 19th, 1882.
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HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH ST

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

FOR THE

Year ENDING 930TH SEPTEMBER, 1882,

——— eae

Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, October 12th, 1882.

-_ ~—,

__- PRINTED AT THE “ GUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1882.

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President :
DR. W. A. HOLLIS.

Vice-Presidents :

MR. HOLLIS, MR. HASELWOOD,
MR. BIGGE, MR. ALD. COX,

DR. HALLIFAX, MR. J. DENNANT,
MR. SIMONDS, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, DR. BADCOCK,

MR. T. GLAISYER, MR. J. J. E. MAYALL,
MR. F. MERRIFIELD, | HON. HOWE BROWNE,

REV... B.. G.” DAY,

Honorary Treasurer ;

MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NORTH STREET.

Committee :
MR. C. F. DENNET, DR. MILES,
MR. E. A. PANKHURST, MR. F. E. SAWYER,
DR. CORFE, | MR. E. J. PETITFOURT.

Honorary Secretaries :

MR. BENJAMIN LOMAX, | MR.J.COLBATCH CLARK,
II, PARK CRESCENT TERRACE. 64, MIDDLE STREET,

Honorary Librarian and Burator:

MR. R. GLAISYER,
THE DISPENSARY.,.

At the Annual Meeting of the BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX
NATURAL History Society, held in the Curators Room, Free

Library and Museum, Church Street, October 12th, 1882,

Ir was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought
in, be received, adopted, and entered on the Minutes, and printed

for circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year :—President: Dr. W. A. Hollis ;
Treasurer : Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee: Mr. C. F. Dennet,
Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe, Mr. F. E. Sawyer,
and Mr. E. J. Petitfourt ; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax
and Mr. John Colbatch Clark ; Honorary Librarian and Curator :
Mr. Robert Glaisyer.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Secretaries, and

Honorary Librarian, for their services during the past year.

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to the Rev.
H. G. Day for his able conduct as President during the past year.

(Signed) THOS. GLAISYER,
Chairman.

a PO ae

pet Gey VE RSE ee

Your Committee are pleased to be able to report the
continued prosperity of the Society during the year which
terminated on the 30th of September, 1882, and an improvement

in the attendance at the meetings.

The Committee have arranged to recommence the holding
of Monthly Microscopical Meetings on the fourth Thursday in
every month, commencing on the 26th of October, and they have

also arranged to receive the paper edited by Mr Arthur C. Cole,

F.R.MS., and published under the name of “ Studies in

Microscopical Science,” with the mounted objects issued with it ;
and Mr. E. J. Petitfourt has kindly undertaken the care of the
papers and objects with the introduction of them at the meetings.
It is hoped that this arrangement will materially facilitate the

object of the Microscopical Meetings, and make them additionally

interesting.

The Financial condition of the Society is very satisfactory,
there being now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amounting
to £129 11s. 8d. A statement of the Accounts for the year is

annexed.

The number of Members remains about the same as last

year. A list of the present Members is appended to this report.

6

The Committee much regret the loss which the Society
sustained by the death of Mr. Montague Penley, one of the Vice-

Presidents, and one of the earliest supporters of the Society.

A list of the Books which have been presented to the
Society during the year, and also a list of the Books purchased
during the year, is appended to this report.

The Conversazione was held at the Royal Pavilion on the
22nd of March, and was very successful, having been attended by

380 Members and friends.

The Field Excursions during the year have been as
follows :—1881 : October 15th, to Glynde ; 1882 : May 13th, to
Haywards Heath ; June roth, to Glynde ; July 15th, to Ford ;

September 16th, to Barcombe.

Instead of a Field Excursion in August, the kind invitation
of Mr. Alderman Cox to make an excursion to sea on board his
steam yacht was accepted, and a large number of the Members
spent a most enjoyable afternoon. The thanks of the Society are
due to Mr. Alderman Cox for his kind and generous hospitality on

this and previous occasions.

The Annual Excursion took place on the 6th of July, to
Horsham, and by the kind permission of Mr. Hubbard the party
visited the Mansion and Grounds at Leonardslee, when, notwith-

standing very inclement weather, a pleasant day was spent.

A list of the papers read at the Ordinary Meetings is
appended to this report, and the thanks of the Society are due to

those gentlemen who have read them.

———

7

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
Government of the United States and the Smithsonian Institute
for their great and continued liberality in forwarding valuable

reports and other papers.

The following is a list of the papers read at the Ordinary
Meetings :—

188r : November : On “ An enquiry into the nature and origin of
“certain foraminiferous fossils in sand, with specimens
“illustrating the subject,” by Mr Eustace A. Brickwell,
M.R.CS.

December : On “ Water in its relation to the constitution of the
** World,” by the Rev. H. G. Day.

1852: January: “On some of the changes which have taken
“place in the relative level of land and sea during the last

“Twenty Centuries,” by Mr. E. A. Pankhurst.

February : “On the functions and modifications of Leaves,” by
Mr. B. Lomax.

March ; “ On the Vertebrate Animal considered as a Machine,”
by the Rev. H. G. Day.

_ April: An evening devoted to the Exhibition of Specimens.

May: “On polarization of Light and Heat,” by Mr. E. J.
Petitfourt, B.A.

June ; On “Sussex Fish and Fisheries,” by Mr. Frederick E.
Sawyer, F.M.S.

July and August; Vacation.

September : On “ Gums and Resins,” by Mr. W. F. Nation.

8

Presentations of the following Books have been received

during the year :—

Elementary Botany, by Henry Edmonds (from the Author);
On some Artificial Forms of Silica, by J. ’Anson, F.G.S., and E.
A. Pankhurst (from E. A. Pankhurst); Evolution, by Rev. H. G.
Day, Geological Teachings, by the same (from the Author) ;
Sussex Fish and Fisheries, by F. E. Sawyer (from the Author) ;
The Scientific Roll, by A. Ramsay; Easy Method of Studying
British Wild Flowers, by F. A. Messer; Report of the Smithsonian
Institution (from the Department of the Interior, Washington,
U.S.A.) ; Transactions of Epping Forest and County of Essex
Naturalists’ Field Club; Proceedings of the Societé Belge de
Microscopie ; Proceedings of Norwich Geological Society ;
Address to Ditto, by J. H. Blake; Catalogue of Mayer Collection
of Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities ; Catalogue of the Loan
Collection at the Walker Gallery, Liverpool ; Report of Chester
Society of Natural Science; Transactions of Eastbourne Natural
History Society ; Transactions of Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club,
Vol. 1, Part 7, Vol. 2, Part 1; Proceedings of Cardiff Naturalists’
Field Club; Transactions of North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field
Club and Archeological Society; Proceedings of the Belfast
Natural History and Philosophical Society (from the respective

Secretaries).

The following Books have been purchased during the
year :—Bushby on Mosses, Saville Kent’s Infusoria (5 Parts),
Topley’s Geological Survey, Keller’s Lake Dwellings (2 Vols.),

Lyell’s Life (2 Vols.), Huxley’s Critiques and Addresses, Huxley’s
Science and Culture, Forbes’ Star Fishes, Lubbock’s Origin of

9

Civilization, Seebohm’s Siberia in Europe, Ramsay’s Physical
Geography, Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, Anatomy , of
Invertebrated Animals, Darwin’s Fertilization, Darwin’s Vegetable
Moulds and Earth Worms, S. Thompson’s Electricity, Huxley’s
Sermons, Roscoe’s Chemistry, Unwin’s Genera of British Mosses,
Challenger Expedition (Vols. 3 and 4, Edward Hull, M.A.,
F.R.S.), Coal Fields of Great Britain (James Giekie, LL.D.), The
Great Ice Age (2nd Edition), Fouque’s Mineralogie Micro-
graphique (2 Vols.).

LIST OF MEMBERS

Brighton & Sussex Hatural History Rociety,

OCTOBER,

1882.

Aylen, S.
Abbey, H.
Andrews, A. R.

Bellingham, C.
Bigge, A.
Brown, J. H.
Browne, G.
Badcock, Dr.
Black, A.
Boxall, W. P.
Balean, H.
Booth, E.
Browne, Hon. Howe
Bishop, J. G.
Botting, W.
Brinton, R.
Blaker, T. F. I.

Beverley, Rev. H. W.

Benson, G. F.
Barnes, J.
Baker, J. S.
Buchel, C.
Burrell, W. H.

Clark, J. Colbatch
Cross, Rev. J. H.
Cox, A. H.
Capon, J.

Corfe, Dr.
Challen, W.
Cobb, R.
Champion, F.S. .
Comlidge, T.
Caush, D. E.
Charington, H.
Chapman, E.

Dennant, J.
Davey, H.
Dennet, C. F.
Deane, W.
Davis, H. C.
Day, Rev. H. G.
Duke, F.
Denman, S.

Edmonds, H.
Evans, George

=

Eisenhofer, A. A.

Fox, O. A.
Fowler, T. M.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel
Farr, A. R.
Fisher, S. W.
Fayle, J.
Freeman, C. G.

Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, R.
Glaisyer, J. H.

Hallifax, Dr.
Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.

Haselwood, J. E.

Harris, E. H.
Hallett, W. H.
Hart, E. J.
Hurst, H.
Hobbs, J.
Heald, C. J.
Hack, D..

Hollis, Dr. W. A.

Holder, J. J.
Hamblin, E.

Hannington, Rev. J.

Hoadly, A.
Holloway, A.
Hamblin, J.
Haynes, J. L.

11

Infield, H. J.

Jackson, A. W.
Jackson, W.
Jenner, J. H. A.
James, R. A.

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lucas, J. E.
Leigh, T.
Lucas, A.
Lee]. 5.
Lulham, E. W.
Loader, A.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.

Merrifield, F.
Marshall, E. J.
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.

Millard, Dr. W. J. K.

Morris, J.
Medcalf, E. S.

Mills, A.

Marchant, W.
Merry, W.
Miles, Dr. E. J.
Moon, Dr. W.

Nash, G.
Nash, W. H.

12

Nye, H. |
Nourse, W. E. C.
Norman, 8.

Newnham, J. M.

Phillips, B.
Pocock, C. J.
Pratt, H.
Pankhurst, E. A. |
Puttick, W.
Paine, C;
Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F.
Peek, R.
Petitfourt, E. J.

Ross, Dr. Harris
Rutter, Dr.

Ross, Dr. Douglas
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.

Rogers, R. S.
Roper, F. C. 8.

Smith, C. P.

Smith, T.

Smith, W.

Smith, J. P. M.

Smith, S. J. Woodham
Savage, W. D.

Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.

Sawyer, Fredk. E.
Scott, E. E.

Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Stride, J. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.
Stevens, R. H.
Saxby, H.
Street, Arthur
Smith, Dr. Tyler

Thomas, D.
Tasker, J.
Trenchard, J. A.

Verrall, Henry
Verrall, Hugh J.

Winter, J. N.
Wallis, M.
Wallis, W. C.
Wallis, E. A.
Wills, J.

Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., Jun.
Wood, J.
Williams, H. M.
Woodman, James
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.
Warden,.E.
Wellbye, H.
Walker, T.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Gara?

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

Davis, Dr. W.
Latham, Dr. K. G.
Lee, H.

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.

Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton

LADY SUBSCRIBERS.

we GLYYY I~

Barnard, Miss
Langridge, Miss
Woollams, Mrs. Henry

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of
the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.
Chester Society of Natural Science.
Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.
Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.
Edinburgh Geological Society.
Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.
Geologists’ Association.
Glasgow Natural History Society.
Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.
Leeds Naturalists’ Club.
Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass., U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.
Royal Microscopical Society.
Royal Society.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.

_ Watford Natural History Society.

”

TRHASURER’S ACCOUNT.
For the Year ending 1st October, 1882.

Wr, £ os. d.
To Books and Periodicals.............. Fentoen = 26 Lo 10
Printing, Circulars, &c. ....... ee oa) eee 8 12 6
Stationery, Postages, Kc. ........---. eee: 211 0
Fire Insurance ........+--+eee+e: Sie.aierons 012 0
Subscription to Studies in Microscopical
Science .........+--eee eeteye senate 4 9 0
Messenger delivering Notices .........+.- 4 6 0
Commission to Collector for Subscriptions. . 2. 039
Assistant Secretary ........ eee ee ee eee: 110 0
Donations to Assistants at Museum........ 215 0
Carriage of Books and Lamp Spirit ...... 0 611
Expenses of Soirée .......... .--........ *16 1 0
Expenses of Annual Excursion Meine 118 0
Balance in hands of Treasurer .......-.. .. 12911 8
£200 13 8

Gr.

By Balance in hands of Treasurer, 1st Oct., 1881
s, Annual Subscriptions ..............0++0-
», Arrears due 1st October, 1881, since received
», Mmtrance Fees ...........e cece eee eeee
», Overpayment of a Subscription ....... ..

,, Balance brought over ............s00+.

Examined and found correct, October 11th, 1882.

JAS. WM. STRIDE,

£200 13 8

een

129 11 8

ROBERT GLAISYER, } AUDITORS.

Beth) 2a

re cae

x

eting ursday, October

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Matural History Soviety,

FOR THE

YEAR ENDING 30TH SEPTEMBER, 1883.

oe

Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, October 11th, 1883.

Brighton :
PRINTED AT THE “QUARDIAN” HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

1883,

‘ f >
Saraeh Ue erin

P iy ee ‘

President :
DR. W. A. HOLLIS.

VWice-Presidents :

MR. HOLLIS, MR. HASELWOOD,
MR. BIGGE, MR. ALD. COX,

DR. HALLIFAX, ‘MR. J. DENNANT,
MR. SIMONDS, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, DR. BADCOCK,

MR. T. GLAISYER, MR. J. J. E. MAYALL,
MR. F. MERRIFIELD, HON. HOWE BROWNE,

REV. H. G. DAY.

Honorary Treasurer :
MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,

I2, NORTH STREET.

Bommittee :

MR. C. F. DENNET, DR. MILES,
MR. E. A. PANKHURST, MR. F. E. SAWYER,
DR. CORFE, MR. E. J. PETITFOURT.

Honorary Secretaries ;
MR. BENJAMIN LOMAX, | MR. J. COLBATCH CLARK,
II, PARK CRESCENT TERRACE. | 64, MIDDLE STREET.

Honorary Librarian and Curator:

MR. R. GLAISYER,
THE DISPENSARY.

At the Annual Meeting of the BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX
NaTuRAL History Society, held in the Curator’s Room, Free

Library and Museum, Church Street, October rrth, 1883,

Ir was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought
in, be received, adopted, and entered on the Minutes, and printed

for circulation as usual,

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year:—President: Dr. W. A. Hollis ;
Treasurer : Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee : Mr. C. F. Dennet,
Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe, Mr. F. E. Sawyer,

and Mr. E. J. Petitfourt; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax

and Mr. John Colbatch Clark ; Honorary Librarian and Curator :
Mr Robert Glaisyer.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Secretaries, and

Honorary Librarian, for their services during the past year.

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to Dr. W.

A. Hollis for his able conduct as President during the past year.

(Signed) W. A. HOLLIS,

Chairman,

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

Brighten & Busses Halural Pistory Bacieky,

»
ee Oe eee

Your Committee are pleased to be able to report the
continued prosperity of the Society during the year which
terminated on the 30th September, 1883.

The Microscopical Meetings have been held during the
year according to the arrangement mentioned in the last report,
and your Committee are pleased to be able to state that they
have been very successful. It has been arranged to continue the
receipt of the paper edited by Mr. Arthur C. Cole, F.R.M.S., and
published under the name of “ Studies in Microscopical Science,”
with the mounted objects issued with it, which have been found
very useful in promoting the interest of the Meetings. A
Microscope for the use of the Members has been purchased.

The Financial condition of the Society is very satisfactory,
there being now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amount-
ing to £110 13s. A Statement of the Accounts for the year is
annexed.

The number of Members has slightly decreased during the
year. A list of the present Members is appended to this Report.
Members are requested to endeavour to increase the prosperity of
the Society by bringing its advantages under the notice of their
friends.

6

A list of the Books which have been presented to the
Society during the year, and also of the Books purchased
during the year, is appended to this report.

A Supplementary Catalogue of the Books added to the .
Library since the printing of the previous Catalogue has been
published and may be obtained of the Secretaries or Librarian.

The Conversazione was held at the Royal Pavilion on the
14th of March, and was very successful, having been attended by
465 Members and friends.

The Field Excursions during the year have been as follows :—

1882.—October 14th, to Balcombe.
1883.—May 12th, to Balcombe.

4 June 16th, to Polegate.

ss July 14th, to Lancing.

5: September 15th, to Bramber.

The Annual Excursion took place on the 27th of June, to
the Fisheries Exhibition at South Kensington, when the Members
were kindly received by Henry Lee, Esq., F.L.S., &c., one of the
Honorary Members of the Society, and one of the General Com-
mittee of the Fisheries Exhibition, who pointed out the various
objects of particular interest in the Exhibition.

A list of the papers read at the Ordinary Meetings is
appended to this report, and the thanks of the Society are due to
to those gentlemen who have read them.

The thanks of the Society are due to Mr. R. Glaisyer for his
careful preparation of the Supplementary Catalogue, and to Mr.
E. J. Petitfourt for the able way in which he has introduced the
subjects at the Microscopical Meetings.

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
Government of the United States and the Smithsonian Institute
for their great and continued liberality in forwarding valuable
reports and other papers.

7

The following is a list of the papers read at the Ordinary
Meetings :—-
1882.—-October: An evening devoted to the Exhibition of
Specimens.
November: On “Fats and Oils, Glucose and Starch,”
by Dr. Corfe.

December : On “ Spiders’ Webs,” by Mr. W. H.
Strevens.

ord
”

1883.—January: On “Motes from a Sunbeam under the
Microscope, or Air-Dust, its Nature and
Significance,” by Dr. W. A. Hollis. ©

February : On “ The Glacial Period in Geology, and
certain Modern Theories of the causes thereof,’
by the Rev. H. G. Day.

A March : “A few Notes on Meteorites,” by Dr. Miles.

April : On “Gills and Lungs, their development and
differentiation,” by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

”

May: An evening devoted to the Exhibition of

”
Specimens.

”

~ June: On “ Sussex Natural History Folk-Lore and
Superstitions,” by Mr. F. E. Sawyer. ;

» Julyand August: Vacation.

September : An evening devoted to the Exhibition of
Specimens.

”

The following is a list of the subjects introduced at the
Microscopical Meetings :—

1882.—October: Pinna of Cow’s Ear; Stem of Copper
Beech; Shaft of Human Clavicle; Stem of
Umbrella Plant ; by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

8

1882.—November: Rock Pikrite; Human Skin; Human
Liver; Human Kidney; by Messrs. E. A.
Pankhurst and E. J. Petitfourt.

bs December: Spinal Cord of Cat; Cat’s Liver; by
Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

1883.—January : Rachis of Bracken Fern; Thallus of Fucus
- Vesiculosus ; by Mr. B. Lomax.

5 March : Bronchus of Sheep, by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

=a April: Dolerite from Dalmahay Hill, by Mr, E. J.
Petitfourt.

A May: Some . ections of Granitic Rocks, by Mr. E.
A. Pankhurst.

», June: Section of Colt’s Foot, by Mr, E. J. Petitfourt.
* July and August: Vacation.

Presentations of the following books have been received
during the year :—

Alphabetical Catalogue of Specimens of Fossil Fishes in
the collection of Sir de M. Guy Egerton, Bart.; Results of
Experiments on the Potato Crop, by G. Maw; Address by the
President of the Liverpool Geological Society; Proceedings of
the Warwickshire Naturalist and Archeological Field Club, 1880 ;
British Art, 50 years’ retrospect, 1832 to 1883, by G. Wallace ;
Plea for the Rainband, by J. R. Capron; Quarterly Journal of
Geological Society, Nos. 150, 154, 155 ; Memoire sur les Fossiles
des Environs de Paris, 1 vol., 1873, by M. Lamarck ; Monograph
‘of the Fossil Reptilia of the London Clay, pt. 1 ; Chelonia, 1849,
by Owen and Bell; British Fossil Echinodermata, pt. 3; Car-
boniferous Brachiopoda, pt. 5; Reptilia of the Wealden
Formation, pt. 5; Palyzoa of the Crag, 1859 (from Mr. H.
Willett) ; Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonard’s and the
Environs, and First Supplement (from Rey. E. N. Bloomfield) ;
Primitive Industry, by C. Abbott (from Peabody Institution,
Salem, Mass,, U.S.A.) ; Report of Smithsonian Institution (from

9

the Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.); An
Ancient Bird and its Fossil Allies, by Miss Crane (from. the
Authoress); Bulletin de Séance de la Societé Belge de
Microscopie; Bulletin Astronomique et Météorologique de
Observatoire Imperial a Rio Janeiro ; Proceedings of Geological
Association, vol. 7, No. 6 and 7; Proceedings of Natural History
Society of Glasgow, vol. 5, pt. 1 (from the respective Secretaries) ;

‘the Atomic Theory, by Ad. Wurtz (from Mr. C. F. Dennet).

The following Books have been purchased during the
year :—

Sketches at Home (Geikie); Primzeval World of Switzerland
(Professor Heer); Animal Intelligence (C. J. Romanes); Human
Faculty and its Development (Galton) ; Studies in Microscopical
Science (Cole); Voyage of Challenger, vol. 5; American
Ornithology (Wilson and Buonaparte); Recent Advances in
Physical Science (Tait); Man before Metals; Forest Scenery
(Gilpin) ; Ants, Bees, and Wasps (Sir J. Lubbock); Origin and
Metamorphoses of Insects (Sir J. Lubbock); Wild Flowers
considered in relation to Insects (Sir John Lubbock) ; History of
Harting (Gordon) ; British Aphides, vol. 4 (Buckton).

TIstT OF MEMBERS

OF THE

Brighton & Aussex Hatural History Rocieiy,

OCTOBER, 1883.

Aylen, S. | Burrows, Seymour
Abbey, H.

Bellingham, C. Clark, J. Colbatch

Bigge, A. Cross, Rev. J. H.
Cox, A. H.
Brown, J. H. C
Browne, G. apon, J.
Badcock, Dr. Corfe, Dr.
Black, A. Challen, W.
Boxall, W. P. Champion, F. S. |
Balean, H. vue T.
Booth, E. Caush, D. E.
Browne, Hon. Howe Chap man, E.
Bishop, J. G. Chiton, Lord
Botting, W. ) Coningham, — Jun.
Brinton, R. | Clark, F. G.
Benson, G. F.
Barnes, J. Dennant, J.
Baker, J. 5S. Davey, H.
Buchel, C. Dennet, C. F.
Burrell, W. H. Davis, H. C.
Baber, Dr. E. C. Day, Rev. H. G.
Bostel, D. T. Duke, F.

Barrow, G.S. M. . Denman, S.

Edmonds, H.
Evans, George
Hisenhofer, A. A.
Evett, G. A.
Ewart, Dr. Joseph

Fox, O. A.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel
Fisher, S. W.
Freeman, C. G.

Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, R.
Glaisyer, J. H.

Hallifax, Dr.

Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.
Haselwood, J. E.
Hallett, W. H.

Hart, E. J.

Hurst, H.

Hobbs, J.

Hack, D.

Hollis, Dr. W. A.
Holder, J. J. :
Hamblin, E.
Hannington, Rev. J..
Hoadly, A.
Holloway, A.
Hamblin, J.

Haynes, J. L.
Henriques, A.

lt

Ilawes, H.
Infield, H. J.

Jackson, W.
James, R. A.

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W.R.
Lomax, B.
Lucas, J. E.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.
Liver Lh

Merrifield, F.
Marshall, E. J,
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.
Millard, Dr. W. J. K.
Morris, J.
Medcalf, E. S.
Mills, A,
Marchant, W.
Merry, W. —
Miles, Dr. E. J.
Moon, Dr. W.
McKellar, Dr.
Merrifield, C. W.

Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C.
Norman, S.

Newnham, J. M.

Phillips, B.
Pocock, C. J.
Pravet1.
Pankhurst, E. A.
Puttick, W.
Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F.

Peek, R.
Petitfourt, E. J.

Ross, Dr. Harris
Rutter, Dr.

Ross, Dr. Douglas
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.

Rogers, R. 8.
Roper, F.C. S.

Smith, C. P,

Smith, T.

Smith, V.

Smith, }. P. M. .
Smith, S. J. Woodham .
Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. E.

Scott, E. E.
Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Stride, J. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.
Smith, Dr. Tyler

Thomas, D.
Tasker, J.

Verrall, Henry
Verrall, Hugh J.

Winter, J. N.
Wallis, M.
Wallis, W. C.
Wallis, E. A.
Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., Jun.
Wood, J.
Wiliams, E. M.
Woodman, James
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.
Wellbye, H.
Walker, T.

Wood, F.
Webster, W.

Ss

HONORARY MEMBERS.

LOL

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

Davis, Dr. W.
Jenner, J. H. A.
Latham, Dr. K. G.
Lee, H.

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.
Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton

en lc ee i a a i

LADY SUBSCRISLEARS.

—~leuoyra—

Barnard, Miss

Woollams, Mrs. Henry

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of
the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.
Chester Society of Natural Science.
Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.
Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.
Edinburgh Geological Society.
Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.
Geologists’ Association.
Glasgow Natural History Society.
Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.
Leeds Naturalists’ Club.
Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass , U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.
Royal Microscopical Society.
Royal Society.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.
Watford Natural History Society.

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

- BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Batwa BDistory Society

FOR THE

ae! Year ENDING 30TH SEPTEMBER, 1884,

2 Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, October 9th, 1884.

ents ie

eae f Brighton :
» ‘pRINTED AT THE “ GUARDIAN" HYDRAULIC WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET.

t.
mene ee
v

1884,

ANNUAL REPORT

‘

OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Hatuyal History Society

FOR THE

Year ENDING 30TH PEPTEMBER, 1884.

‘Adopted at a Meeting held on Thursday, October 9th, 1884.

Brightor :
PRINTED AT THE *“* GUARDIAN”? HYDRAULIO WORKS, 34, NORTH STREET,

1884,

cae

avg

af ie

The.

a4
~
“
3

<s

President :
DR. JOSEPH EWART.

Wice-Presidents ;

MR. HOLLIS, MR. ALD. COX,

MR. BIGGE, MR. J. DENNANT,
DR. HALLIFAX, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. SIMONDS, DR. BADCOCK,

MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, MR. J. J. E. MAYALL,
MR. T. GLAISYER, HON. HOWE BROWNE,
MR. F. MERRIFIELD, REV. H. G. DAY,

MR. HASELWOOD, DR. W. A. HOLLIS.

Honorary. Treastrer ;

MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NORTH STREET.

Bommittee ;

DR. MILES,
MR. F. E. SAWYER,
MR. E, J. PETITFOURT.

MR. C. F. DENNET,
MR. E. A. PANKHURST,
DR. CORFE,

Honorary Secretaries ;

MR. BENJAMIN LOMAX, | MR. J. COLBATCH CLARK,
II, PARK CRESCENT TERRACE. 64, MIDDLE STREET.

Honorary Librarian and Curator:

MR. R. GLAISYER,
¥£2, QUEEN’S ROAD,

At the Annual Meeting of the BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX
Naturat History Society, held in the Curator’s Room, Free
Library and Museum, Church Street, October 9th, 1884,

Ir was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought
in, be received, adopted, and entered on the Minutes, and printed

for circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year :—President: Dr. Joseph Ewart ;
Treasurer: Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee : Mr. C. F. Dennet,
Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe, Mr. F. E. Sawyer,
and Mr. E. J. Petitfourt ; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax
and Mr. John Colbatch Clark ; Honorary Librarian and Curator :
Mr. Robert Glaisyer.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Secretaries, and

Honorary Librarian, for their services during the past year.

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to Dr. W. A.

Hollis for his able conduct as President during the past year.

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

Brighton & Busses alural Bistory Bucicln.

OEE

Your Committee are pleased to be able to report the
continued prosperity of the Society during the year which
terminated on the 30th September, 1884.

The Financial condition of the Society is very satisfactory,
there being now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amount-
ing to £119 17s. 8d. A statement of the Accounts for the year
is annexed.

The number of Members has remained the same as last
year. A list of the present Members is appended to this Report.

A list of the Books which have been presented to the
Society during the year, and also of the Books purchased during
the year, is appended to this Report.

The Conversazione was held at the Royal Pavilion on the
roth of March, and was very successful, having been attended by
353 Members and Friends.

The Field Excursions during the year have been as
follows :—
1883.—October 13th, to Hassock’s Gate.
1884.—May roth, to Lewes.
June 14th, to East Grinstead.

”-
July roth, to Keymer, when the Members were most
hospitably entertained by their fellow Member,

Mr. Shawe

”

\

6
1884.—August 16th, to Chailey.
» September 13th, to Newhaven.

The Annual Excursion took place on the 8th of July, to
Petworth and Bignor, when there was a large attendance, and a
very pleasant day was spent.

The Papers read before the Society during the past
Session, as shewn by the appended list, have possessed more
than usual interest and importance. Without wishing to make
invidious selections from a series where all the papers were good,
your Committee would specially draw your attention to the
originality and comprehensive grasp of the subject displayed by
Dr. Joseph Ewart in the treatment of his paper on “ Poisonous
Snakes and their Poisons.” The classification of the Corals of
the Brighton Museum has been entrusted to Dr. Miles, and in an
essay thereon, read before the Society in February last, he has
shewn the value, in such cases, of steady painstaking industry,
when it is guided by a true spirit of scientific research. One of
our readers, the Rev. J. Hannington, has been recently elevated
to a Central African See. May we not learn, from this result of
his labours, how the pursuit of Natural History is consistent with
highest phases of Missionary life? Two evenings during the
Session were occupied by Mr. Seymour Burrows. This gentleman,
in his intelligible discourse on the Diatoms, and in his subsequent
microscopical demonstration of them, shewed a knowledge of the
‘subject attained by few. Geology and Paleontology have not
been neglected by our Members, as the interesting remarks of
Mr. Edward Crane and Dr. Corfe can testify. Considered as a
whole, the papers have displayed great scientific knowledge and
training, and your Committee trust that the high standard
attained by the papers during the past Session may be upheld in
forthcoming ones, and that the Members generally may shew by
increased attendance at the Meetings that they have a genuine
interest in the welfare of the Society. °

~
‘

The following subjects have been introduced at the
Microscopical Meetings :—

1883.—October : A Demonstration of the Chief Methods
of preparing Stained Sections of Animal Tissues
and Organs, by Mr. T. W. Groves, Demonstrator
of Practical Biology, &c., at King’s College,
London. In this Lecture, which proved most
interesting and instructive, the manipulations
were performed with great skill, and valuable
hints were thrown out in all branches of the
subject.
» November: Common Rush (Juncus Communis), by
Mr. Benjamin Lomax.

1884.—January : Dog’s Tongue, by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.
» March: Specimens of Spleen, by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.
»» September: Bulrush (Typha), by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

Living Specimens exhibited by Mr. Haselwood on Microscopical
nights have proved very attractive, and Mr. G, D. Sawyer, Mr.
Seymour Burrows, Dr. Winter Fisher, and others have contributed
to the interest of the Meetings. An increase in the number of
exhibitors and others interested in this Branch would, however,
be welcomed by those who at present take a share in the
proceedings.
| The thanks of the Society are due to Mr. E. J. Petitfourt
for the able way in which he has introduced the subjects at the
Microscopical Meetings.

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
Government Departments of the United States and the Smith-
sonian Institute for their great and continued liberality in
forwarding valuable reports and other papers.

The Committee wish to record their high appreciation of
the services rendered to the Society by Dr. Hollis, not only by
the valuable papers he has contributed, but also by his constant

’

‘

8

attendance and the able and courteous manner in which he has
discharged the duties of the office of President during the past
two years.
The following is a list of the papers read at the Ordinary
Meetings :—
1383.—October : “ Birds and their Uses in the Economy of
Nature,” by Mr. F. Fuller.
» November: “ Poisonous Snakes and their Poisons,”
by Dr. Joseph Ewart, M.R.C.P.

December : “A Fight for Life amid Rocks: a Phase
in the Evolution Controversy,” by Dr. W. A.
Hollis.

1884.—January : “ The state of Natural Science at Rome

about the time of Christ,” by Mr. E. A. Pank-
hurst.
» February: “ Some remarks on the Brighton Museum

Corals and Corals in General,” by Dr. Miles.

”

» March: “A Naturalist’s Ramble in Central Africa,”
by the Rev. J. Hannington.

oe 2 3 Re Diatomacez,” by Mr. Seymour Burrows.

5): ANS ae Remarks on some recent Osteological
Additions to the Brighton Museum from Kent’s
Cavern and elsewhere,” by Mr. Edward Crane,
F.G.S.—At this meeting Dr. Corfe exhibited
some human bones of ancient date found near
the Dyke Road, Brighton.

» June: “Sussex Dialect and Speech,” by Mr. Fredk.
E. Sawyer, F.R. Met. Soc.

»» September: “ Reptiles,” by Mr. Benj. Lomax, C.E.

Presentations of the following Books and Papers have
been received during the year :—

A Paper on Poisonous Snakes and their Poisons, by Dr.
Ewart, read before the Society on the 8th November, 1883 (from

‘

9

the Author); A Paper on the Brighton Museum Corals and
Corals in General, by Dr. Miles, read before the Society on the
14th February, 1884 (from the Author); Atomic Theory, by
A. D. Wurtz (from Mr. C. F. Dennet); Leisure Hour, Sept.,
1883, containing Life of Professor Owen (from Miss Crane) ;
Sussex Fish and Fisheries, Sussex Natural History Folk-Lore and
Superstitions, Sussex Folk-Lore and Customs connected with the
Seasons, by F, E. Sawyer, F.M.S. (from the Author) ; Folk-Lore
Journal, July, 1883 (from Mr. F. E. Sawyer) ; Carcinologiske
Bidrag til Norges Fauna, 1879, by G. O. Sars; Vecextlivet I
Norge, by Dr. F. C. Schiibeler, 1879 ; Die Anamie, by S. Laache,
1883 ; Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum, 1877 and 1880,
by H. Siebke ; Krystallographisk-Chemiske Undersogelser, by
Th. Hiortdahl (from the Royal University of Norway) ;
Etudes sur les nouvesments de L’Atmosphétre, by C. M.
Guldbergem H. et Mohm, end part, 1880; _ Fossil
Arachnide, by Rev. P. B. Brodie, F.G.S.; Position of the
Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous Rocks in the London
Arca; The Chalk of the Southern Part of Dorset and Devon,
The Cliff Sections of the West of Dieppe and at Newhaven, by
W. Whitaker, F.G.S. ; Notes on the British Paleozoic Crustacea
(Merostomata), by H. Woodward, F.G.S. ; On a Flint Implement
found at Barnwell, Cambs., by A. F. Griffith, B.A. ; Cambridge-
shire Geology, by T. G. Bonney, F.G.S.; On the Plumules or
Battledore Scales of the Lepidoptera, by J. Watson; Withered
Leaves, by J. W. Fisher; Notes on Four Series of Palzolithic
Implements from South Africa, by C. J. Rickard, communicated
by A. F. Griffith, B.A. ; Section at Hordwell Cliffs, by the late
E. B. Fawney, M.A., and H. Keeping; On the Aims and
Prospects of the Study of Anthropology, by W. H. Flower,
LL.D., F.R.S.; Fifty Years’ Retrospect of British Art, Pictorial,
Decorative, and Industrial, by G. Wallis, F.S.A. (from Mr. H.
Willett); Announcement of the Wagner Free Institute of
Science, Philadelphia, 1883 (from Mr. C. P. Sherman); Summary
of a Meteorological Journal kept by C. L. Prince, Esq. (from the

10

Author) ; Proceedings and Transactions of Croydon Microscopical
and Natural History Club, 1883; Report of Belfast Natural
History Society, 1882-83 ; Proceedings of the Chester Society of
Natural Science, 1883-84; Proceedings of Natural History
Society of Glasgow, vol. 5, pt. 2, 1881-82; ‘Transactions of
Eastbourne Natural History Society, 2 pts., January and May,
1883; Bulletin de la Société Belge de Microscopie, 5 numbers ;
Bulletin Astronomique et Meteorologique Rio de Janeiro, 2 pts.,
1883 ; Proceedings of Royal Microscopical Society and List of
Members, 1884; Journal of Quekett Microscopical Club ; Pro-
ceedings of Geologists’ Association ; Report of Cardiff Naturalists’
Society, 1883; Report of North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field
Club, 1883 ; Proceedings of Geologists’ Association, Nos. 5 and 6,
and Report for 1883; Proceedings of Warwickshire Field Club,
1880 (from the Secretaries of the respective Societies ; Report of
Smithsonian Institution, 1882 (from the Institution); Report of
the Geological Survey of the United States (from the Depart-
ment of the Interior).

A presentation of 18 slides for the microscope has been
received from Rev. Clarke Smith.

The following Books have been purchased during the year:—

Reports of the Challenger Expedition, 5 vols.; Ancient
Scottish Lake Dwellings (Robt. Munro); Siberia in Asia (Seebohm).
Ammonites of the Lias, by T. Wright, F.R.S., pt. V., 1882, VI.,
1883; Brachiopoda, Devonian and Silurian, by T. Davidson,
F.R.S., vol. 5, pt. I., 1882, II., 1883 ; Echinodermata Cretaceous,
by T. Wright, F.R.S., vol. I., pt. X., 1882; Flora Eocene, British,
by J. S. Gardner, F.G.S., vol. I., pt. III., 1882, vol. 2, pt. I., 1883 ;
Mollusca Crag, by S. V. Wood, 1882; Trigoniz Fossil, by the
late J. Lycett, L.R.C.P.E., Supplement No. 2; Trilobites, Cam-
brian, Silurian, and Devonian, by the late J. W. Salter, A.L.S.,
pt. V., 1883 ; Trilobites Carboniferous, by H. Woodward, F.R.S.,
pt. I., 1883 (issued by the Palzeontographical Society).

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

Brighton X Pusser Yatural Bistory Society,

OCTOBER, 1884.

Aylen, S. Clark, J. Colbatch
Abbey, H. Cox, A. H.
Capon, J.

Corfe, Dr.
Bigge, A. Champion, F. S.
Brown, J. H. Caush, D. E.
Browne, G. Chapman, E.
Badcock, Dr. . Clifton, Lord
Black, A. Coningham, W. J. C.
Boxall, W. P. | Clark, F. G.
Balean, H. ) Campbell, A.
Booth, E.
Browne, Hon. Howe | Dennant, J.
Bishop, J. G. Davey, H.
Botting, W. ) Dennet, C. F.
Brinton, R. Davis, H.C.
Benson, G. F. | Day, Rev. H. G.
Barnes, J. Duke, F.
Baker, J. S. . Denman, S.
Buchel, C. |
Baber, Dr. E. C. Edmonds, H.
Bostel, D. T. | Evans, George
Barrow, G. S. M. | Eisenhofer, A. A.

, Burrows, Seymour Evett, G. A,

Ewart, Dr. Joseph

Fox, O. A.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel
Fisher, S. W.
Freeman, C. G.

Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, R.
Glaisyer, J. H.

Hallifax, Dr.
Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.
Haselwood, J. E.
Hallett, W. H.
Hart, E. J.
Hurst, H.
Hobbs, J.

Hack, D.

Hollis, Dr. W. A.
Holder, J. J.
Hamblin, E.
Hannington, Rev. J.
Hoadly, A.
Hamblin, J.
Haynes, J. L.
Henriques, A.
Hawes, H.

Infield, H. J.

Jackson, W.
James, R. A.

12

Kilmister, C,

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lucas, J. E.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.
Lever, C.

Merrifield, F.
Marshall, E. J.

Mayall, J.J. E.

Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.

Millard, Dr. W. J. K.

Morris, J.
Medcalf, E. S.
Mills, A.
Marchant, W.
Merry, W.
Miles, Dr. E, J.
Moon, Dr. W.
McKellar, Dr.

Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C.
Norman, S.
Newnham, J. M.

Phillips, B.
Pocock, "J.
Pratt, H.
Pankhurst, E, A.
Puttick, W.

a

Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F,
Petitfourt, E. J.

Ross, Dr. Harris
Rutter, Dr,

Ross, Dr. Douglas
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.

Rogers, R. S.
Roper, F. C. S.

Smith, C., P.
Smith, T.

Smith, W.

Smith, J. P. M.
Smith, 8S. J. Woodman
Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. E.
Scott, E. E.
Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Stride, J. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Spooner, C. H.

13

Sayers, J.
Smith, Dr. Tyler

Thomas, D,
Tasker, J.

Verrall, Henry
Verrall, Hugh J.

Winter, J. N.
Wallis, M.
Wallis, W. C.
Wallis, E. A.
Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., Jun.
Wood, J.
Williams, H. M.
Woodman, James
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.

. Wellbye, H.

Walker, T.
Wood, F.
Webster, W.
Walter, Jno.
Wright, A.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

- - eter >

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

Davis, Dr. W.
Jenner, J. H. A.
Latham, Dr. K. G.
Lee, H.

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.
Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton

I IO EE a

LADY SUBSCRIBERS.

Woollams, Mrs, Henry

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of
the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Nociety.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.

Chester Society of Natural Science.

Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society

Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.

Geologist’s Association.

Glasgow Natural History Society.

Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.

Leeds Naturalists’ Club.

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass., U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal Society.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.

Watford Natural History Society.

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SATURDAY, May 10, 1884.
MR, EDWARD CRANE, E.GS., ON SOME | .
RECENT OSTEOLOGICAL. ADDITIONS

TO THE BRIGHTON MUSEUM FROM
KENT’S CAVERN AND: ELSEWHERE.

An interesting paper upon some fossil remains from
the famous Kent’s Cavern at Torquay, recently added to
the Brighton Museum, was read on Thursday evening be-
fore the members of the Brighton and Sussex Natural
History Sociery, by Mr E, Crane, who exhibited the
specimens, as well as a diagram showing the different

deposits in the Cavern. Mr Crane said :—
| On completing the arrangement of the Geological
room of our: Museum in the spring of 1883, I asked
| my friend Mr Thomas Davidson, L.L.D., F.R.S., to
solicit Mr William Pengelly, F.R.S., for a donation of
duplicate fossils from Kent’s Cavern, Torquay. To Mr
‘Dayidson’s appeal, Mr Pengelly replied as follows :—
‘*Thave much pleasure in sending you a ‘chest contain-
ing 58 complete finds from Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, as
@ present to the Free Museum, Church-street, Brighton,
from the late Lord Halden (proprietor of the Cavern)
and the British Association, which it may be agreeable
to the Directors to accept, Of the finds sent, 54 were
met with in the cave-earth, namely, Hyznine deposit,
and the remaining four in the Breccia, namely, Ursine
deposit, the oldest deposit found in the cavern.”
Kent's Cavern is situated in a small wooded lime-
stone hill of Devonian age, about a mile due east from
Torquay harbour. There are two entrances remaining,
6 feet high and 50 feet apart in the same natural cliff,
nearly 190 feet above the level of mean tide, The
Cavern has been known for a long period; but tradition
does not reveal the date of its discovery. Amongst its
earliest explorers were Messrs. Northmore and
Trevelyan, in 1824, followed in 1825 by the Rev.
Mr Mac Enery. In 1846 the Torquay Natural History
Society made an exploration of a small portion of the
Cavern to obtain specimens. for the Society’s Museum.
In 1858 a Committee was appointed by the British
Association, for the purpose of systematic exploration,
under the careful superintendence of Mr Pengelly, who
published the results of the investigation in the Reports
of the British Association for the years 1865, 1869,
1879, and 1880, and also in theTransactions of the Devon-
shire Association for 1873-74 and 1850-81. To these
volumes, not having personally inspected the Cave, lam
indebted for the following details of physical structure :
The first deposit in descending order consists of huge
blocks of lime-stone which have fallen from the roof.
Beneath these are layers of mould of an almost black
| colour, from’a few inches to over a foot in depth, con-
taining stones, human industrial remains, charred
_ wood, bones of various animals back to the age of
bronze, pottery of Roman date, and flint flakes, prob-
ably representing from fifteen hundred to two thousand
years. .Underneath the black mould is a crust of
| stalagmitic breccia, firmly cemented. Underlying this
comes the wed cave-earth, excavated to a depth of
four feet, containing relics of several species of extinct
animals, one incisor tooth of Macherodus latidens
(Owen), molar teeth and tusks of young mammoths,
jaws, teeth, and bones of hyena, bear, rhinoceros, and
other animals, Flint implements occur everywhere, and
are the only indication of man’s existence. Beneath the

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| unsymmetrical in shape, were not accompanied by any

| be was of a far lower type than his descendants of the

|| in Britain, namely, wild cat, water vole, field vole, bank
vole, and hare, The badger is nearly extinct; the fox
‘| and red deer are protected; while the hog and the

| hyena is found in Africa, south of the desert, while

. Hog (Sus scrofa).

cave-earth ig a very thick sheet of crystalline stalag-
mite, under this an older cave-earth, to which the name
of breccia is given, containing remains almost exclu-
sively of bears, and no trace. of hyenas, In this
pre-hyzmnine breccia undoubted flint implements were
found ; but these, comparatively rude, massive, and

other indication of man, They prove man dwelt in
Devonshire ; but, judging from these industrial remains,

cave-earth. In all, the remains of 24 genera, com-
prising 30 species of animals, are recorded as having
been found during the exploration of Kent’s Cavern by
the Committee of the British Association, The 16
species belonging to 12 genera, presented to the
Town Museum, are marked with an asterisk in the follow-
ing complete list of the fauna of this historical cave.

Sabre‘toothed Tiger (Macherodus latidens),
Lion (Felis spelea).
Wild Cat (Felis catus).
Lynx (Felis lynx).
* Hyena (H. spelea).
* Wolf (Canis lupus)!
* Fox (Canis vulpes),
« (Canis isatis), y
Glutton (Gulo luscus),
* Badger (Meles taxus).
* Cave Bear (Ursus spel@us).
* Grizzly Bear (Ursus ferox),
* Brown Bear (U7sus arctos).
* Mammoth (Elephas primigenius),
* Rhinoceros (R. tichorhinus).

* Horse (Equus fossilis).
* Wild Bull (Bos primigenius),
Bison (B. priscus),
_. Long-fronted Ox (B. longifrons).
® Trish Elk, Cervus (Megaceros) hibernicus.
* Red Deer (C. elephus).
* Reindeer (C. tarandus).
Sheep or Goat.
* Hare (Lepus timidus).
Tailless Hare, cave pika, (Lagomy’s speleus).
Water Vole (Arvicola amphibia).
Field Vole (A. agrestis),
Bank Vole (4. pratensis).
* Beaver (Castor fiber).

Only eleven species out of this list are now living

horse, the sheep and the goat, live under domestication.
The lynx occurs in Europe and northern Asia, and the
wolf and the brown bear in Europe and most parts of the
world. The glutton now dwells in the northern regions
of the old and the new world, and the bison,
protected in Moldavia Wallachia, and the Caucasus,
roams wild in North America. The reindeer
is confined to the arctic circle, and this species of tail-
less hare to Siberia. The beaver inhabits parts of
central and northern Europe and America. The lion
reigns supreme in Africa and Persia. The spotted

the grizzly bear ranges from North America to Mexico,
and the rhinoceros, numerously represented in Kent's
Cavern by the extinct woolly species, R. tichorinus,
now lives in Africa, India, and the Malay Archi-
pelago. The six remaining species, namely, the
the sabre-toothed tiger, cave bear, the great Irish elk,
the wild. bull, the long fronted ox, and_ that:
huge primeval elephant the = Mammoth — (Elephas
primigenius) are all numbered with the extinct animals.
But all these animals were not contemporaneous, for
climatic reasons, to cite the reindeer, the hyena, and-
the bovine species as examples. Otbers, of course, did
not live in the Cave at all. The bears, it is believed,

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had it all to themselves during the deposition of the
breccia, which was derived from without in a com-
paratively short time. During this period it was occa-
sionally visited by man. Afterwards the cave earth
\ was deposited in small instalments, with protracted in-

termittances occupying a very long period. When the

hyzenas made their appearance in Britain, they evidently

took a fancy to the same quarters, and, undoubtedly,

dragged in many of the herbivorous animals for food,
| as their gnawed and split bones testify. Many of
these were found at every level, invested with thin films
of stalagmite from lime drip. This process was inter-
rupted when the objects were buried by a further in-
stalment of cave earth, and the same phenomena were
repeated again and again. Many flint implements, with
their keen edges unbroken, prove that the accumulation
of the cave earth was quietly accomplished. There is
also plenty of evidence that man occasionally drove out
the hyzenas, cooked his food, and fashioned his flint
implements in this all sheltering abode. .

Before proceeding to refer in detail to the anatomical
characters of the sixteen species before you, which Mr
Feist, Museum Assistant, has labelled with his usual
neatness, I wish particularly to thank Mr William
Davies, F.G.S., of the British Museum, for assistance
kindly rendered, and your Secretary, Mr Lomax, F.L.S.,
for the wel!l-execiited diagram, after Steenstrup, he has
been so good as to enlarge for me in illustration of
some further osteological features relating to the
animal remains ‘of Kent’s Hole. In conclusion, I
would refer to the pleasure and advantages that
students, and those working up provincial museums,
'| may derive from consulting the unrivalled osteological
'| collection at the Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln’s-
| Inn-Fields, and. the magnificent Natural History
| Galleries of our’ New National Museum, at South
Kensington.

Mr Crane then exhibited. the various specimens ;
including hyenas’ teeth and jaws, bears’ teeth, an
astralagus and a metatarsal of a young grizzly bear, a
hare’s tibia and fibula, incisor teeth of the beaver, a
| horse’s foot and teeth, a fox’s jaw, the femur of a wolf,
| the humerus of a badger, the ulna and humerus of a

rhinoceros, a metatarsal and radius of Bos primigenius,
a reindeer’s humerus and others. All these, he said,
came to the Museum unclassified and unnamed ; and
whilst pointing out the varied characteristics of the speci-
mens, he explained how he had been able to accurately
determine the nature of almost every bone. Those of
the Bos primigenius he compared with the bones of an
ox he had brought for the purpose; whilst he pointed
out how a small protuberance on another bone had
enabled him to determine by means of comparison that it
was the bone of a hare, about three partsgrown. After
studying many of the other specimens, some of them
mere fragments, and arriving at a conclusion as to the
animals to which they had belonged, he had, he said,
| taken them to the Royal College of Surgeons, and

compared them with the skeletons there, and thus
demonstrated the accuracy of his decisions. As every
bone. in these skeletons is numbered, Mr Crane
offered to entrust any specimen toa member of the
Society, and acquaint him with the number of the
bone, in order that he might compare it as he himself
| had done. Whilst adverting to the difficulties which
presented thethselves in’ determining’ to what animal
the bone» belonged, he provoked some amusement
by narrating how he had been puzzled “by study-
ing the uncut milk molar of a rhinoceros upside
down. On reversing. it; it at once become appa-
| rent what the specimen was. In answer to a question,

| Mr Crane said that @ small black band/in the: Cavern,

four inches thick, consisting chiefly of minute frag-
ments of charred) wood, covers about. 100. square
feet, and rests'on the cave earth, and indicates the
position of the domestic hearth of the cave-dwelling
man of that period.

Mr Crane then proceeded to draw the atten-
tion of the members to another series of: fossils

' from the newer Pleistocene of Selsea, in this County,

lately presented to the Museum by Mr Henry
Willett, F.G.S. It comprises a tarso metatarsal,
a right phalange, an astralagus, a portion of the
left scapula, one cervical vertebre, two frag-
mentary vertebr, and a part of the left ramus of the
lower jaw of Bos primigenius, They were found in
the same locality and horizon as these splendid remains

| of the leptorhine rhinoceros, another gift of Mr

| Willett’s.

Continuing, Mr Crane said I wish also to bring
under your notice some very interesting casts of
teeth of two extinct species of dwarf elephants,
from the bone caves of Malta, discovered by |
Admiral Spratt, and described by Professor Busk,
F.R.S., in the ‘Transactions of the Zoological
Society”: One (EZ Melitensis) when adult stood 4} feet
high ; another, a lesser, pigmy elephant / # Falconeri),
averaged only 3 feet in height. Remains of these
pigmy species are very abundant in the caves of Malta.
Here are casts of some bones of Argilornis longipennis,

|| a large bird of flight, exceeding the Albatross (Diomedia

exulans) in size, This genus occurs in the Eocene of
the Isle of Sheppey, and has been fully described by
Sir Richard Owen. The large size of the pneumatic
cavity, the texture of the bone, and other characters
recall those of the large flying reptiles ( Pterodactylus

| of the chalk period.

’ Lhave reserved for the last the lower jaw of the Port
Jackson Shark (Cestracion Phillipii), of the Australian
seas, which attains the length of five feet only. It is

| of very ancient lineage, has numerous representatives

in the primary and secondary strata, and is closely
allied to the genus Ptychodus, the teeth and fin
rays of which are so abundant in the chalk at Lewes
and elsewhere. There is but one living species
known of the ray (Aetobatis narinari) to which this
dental plate belongs. The lower dental lamina,
with its flat broad teeth, which are much worn in this
specimen, project beyond the upper, and are renewed
horizontally instead of vertically. The upper jaw acts
like a roller, crushing the shell fish upon which the ray
chiefly subsists, It occurs in all tropical seas, and this
well-preserved fossil specimen proves that the genus
was represented in the Eocene Beds of Bracklesham,
Sussex. —

These specimens and the casts of elephant and bird
remains above referred to, were kindly presented by
my friend Mr William Davies, F.G.S.

“Peroper, 1884, To june, 1885.)

*
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OF THE

BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

3 | PcroBER, 1884, TO PUNE, 1885,

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ve

Brighton :

D. O'CONNOR, PRINTER, GUARDIAN” OFFICE, 34, NORTH STREET. *

1885,

President :

DR. JOSEPH EWART.

Wice-P residents :

Mr. HOLLIS, Mr. ALD. COX,
fe Mr. BIGGE, MR. J. DENNANT,
oo DR, HALLIFAX, MR. G. D. SAWYER,
MR. SIMONDS, DR. BADCOCK,
~ MR. W. E. C. NOURSE, MR. J. J. E. MAYALL,
’ MR. T. GLAISYER, HON. HOWE BROWNE,
MR. F. MERRIFIELD, REV. H. G. DAY,
MR. HASELWOOD, DR. W. A. HOLLIS.

Honorary Yreasurer :

' MR. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NORTH STREET.

Bamimittee ;
ig Re C.F. DENNET, DR. MILES,
= MR. BA‘ PANKHURST, MR. F. E. SAWYER,
-. DR. CORFE, xR MR. E. J. PETITFOURT

bibs oy Secretaries :

. MR. BENJAMIN fii Mr J. COLBATCH CLARK,
¥ PARK ROAD WEST. 64, MIDDLE STREET.

At the Annual Meeting of the BricHToN ayp Sussex
NatTuraL History Society, held in the Curator’s Room, Free

Library and Museum, Church Street, June irth, 1885,

Ir was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought
in, be received, adopted, and entered on the Minutes, and printed

for circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year:—President: Dr. Joseph Ewart ;
Treasurer : Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee: Mr. C. F. Dennet,
Mr. E. A. Pankhurst, Dr. Miles, Dr. Corfe, Mr. F. E. Sawyer,
and Mr. E. J. Petitfourt; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. B. Lomax
and Mr. John Colbatch Clark.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, and Honorary Secretaries

for their services during the past year.

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to
Dr. Joseph Ewart for his able conduct as President during the

past year.

ANNUAL REPORT

_-

éu - a4 Ge, Ge BU) rae
Brighton & Buserz dalural istory Borieln.

vv

At a Special General Meeting of the Society held on the
arth of December last it was resolved that the Annual General
Meeting shall be held in June instead of October, so that this
report only relates to the time which has elapsed since October
last instead of for the whole year.

It is with very deep regret that the Committee record the
death of Mr. Robert Glaisyer, who for many years acted as
~ Honorary Librarian and Curator of the Society. He became a
member of the Society on the 12th day of August, 1858, and has
from that time taken an active interest in promoting its welfare.

_ He has from time to time prepared catalogues of the books in
the Library, and has always heen most diligent and careful in
looking after the books and periodicals. He rendered most
efficient assistance in the arrangements for the Soirees, and has
in many other ways devoted much time and attention to the
affairs of the Society.

The Committee have not yet succeeded in finding a suc-
‘cessor to Mr. Glaisyer in the offices of Hon. Librarian and
Curator, but hope to do so during the ensuing vacation.

With a view to promoting the study of Natural History,
your Committee have offered prizes of three guineas and two
} guineas to the Candidates presenting the two best Essays on-
_ “ The main features of the Physiography of the Brighton District
_ together with a description of any rare Animals or Plants peculiar

6

to the same locality,” and they have also offered a prize of one
guinea to the highest Senior Candidate obtaining Honours in
Zoology, Botany, or Geology at the next Oxford Local Examination
and another prize of the same value to the highest Senior Candi-
date in Zoology or Botany at the next Cambridge Local Examina-
tion, the award in each case being limited to the Brighton Centre.
Your Committee hope that there will be a strong competition for
these prizes, and that they will be the means of producing an
interest in the study of the subjects to which they relate.

The financial condition of the Society is very satisfactory,
there being now a balance in the hands of the Treasurer amount-
ing to £128 18s. A Statement of the Accounts for the period
which has elapsed since the last Report is annexed.

The number of Members has slightly increased since the
last Report. A list of the present Members is appended to this
Report.

A list of the Books which have been presented to the
Society and also of the Books purchased since the last Report is
appended.

The Conversazione was held at the Royal Pavilion on the
25th of March, It was not so numerously attended as on some
previous occasions, only 330 Members and Friends being present.

There have been two Field Excursions since the last
Report, viz. :—

1884.—-October rith, to Hassocks Gate and Hurstpier-
<2 SOO.

1885.—May roth, to Balcombe.

The Annual Excursion has been arranged for 7th of July,
to Hailsham and Eastbourne.

The following subjects have been introduced at the
Microscopical Meetings :—

7
1884.—November : “ Epithelium,” by Mr. E. J. Petitfourt.

1885.—April : “ Hepatice,” by Mr. C. P. Smith.

Specimens have been exhibited at the Meetings by Mr.
J. E. Haselwood, Mr. G. D. Sawyer, Dr. Winter Fisher, Mr.
“H. V. Shaw and other Members.

F

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
: Government Departments of the United States and the

Smithsonian Institute for their great and continued liberality in
4 forwarding valuable reports and other papers.

The Ordinary Meetings in October, 1834, and May, 1885,
were devoted to the Exhibition of Specimens, and the following is
a list of the papers read at the other Ordinary Meetings :—

1884.—November : On (1) “ The Lowest Forms of Living
Things ; (2) Physiology ; (3) The Aboriginal
Races of India,” being an Inaugural Address
by Dr. Ewart, F.R.C.P.

December : “ Notes on the appearance of Anchovies
on the Sussex Coast in November, 1884,” and
“ Supplement: Notes on Sussex Fish and
Fisheries,” by Mr. Fredk. E. Sawyer, F.R. Met.
Soc.

1885.—January : “ Electric Railways: How made and how
worked, with experimental Illustrations,” by Mr.
E. A. Pankhurst.

February : “Time Division and Time Reckoning,”
by Mr. Henry Pratt, F.R.A.S.

March : “ Anglo-Saxon Guilds and Norman Crafts,’
by Dr. Corfe.

”

April : “ Hepatice,” by Mr. C. P. Smith.

”

8

Presentations of the following Books and Papers have been
received from October, 1884, to May, 1885 :—

Belfast Natural History Field Club Report, 1883-84 ;
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, Proceedings of
the, 1883-84 ; Bulletin de la Societé Belge de Microscopie, 11th
year, Nos. 3, 4, and 5; Chichester and West Sussex Natural
History and Microscopical Society Transactions, pt. 3; Dennet,
C. F., Esq., Report on the Total Solar Eclipse of July 29th, 1878,
and January 11th, 1880, and Photograph of the Society, taken at
Petworth ; Eastbourne Natural History Society, vol. 1., Trans-
actions, parts 5 and 6; Essex Field Club Proccedings ; Folkestone
Natural History Society’s Proceedings, 1883-84 ; Gray, H., 25,
Cathedral Yard, Manchester, Descriptive Catalogue of Books on
Sale at ; Geological Association, Proceedings of the, October, 1884,
Index for vol. 8 of Proceedings ; Huddersfield Naturalist Society,
Transactions of the, pt. 1, 1883; Museum of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Davenport Iowa, Putman, E.C. ; Elephant’s Pipes in the
Museum (pamphlet),1885 ; New York Microscopical Society, Journal
of the,vol. 1., No. 2 ; Peabody Academy of Science, Annual Reports,
1874 to 1884 ; Postal Microscopical Society Journal, vol. 3, pt. 9 ;
Prince, C. L., Esq., Crowborough, Sussex, Summary of a Meteoro-
logical Journal ; Queket Microscopical Club, Journal of the,
vol. 2, No. 10 ; Smithsonian Institution, Report for 1882 ; South
London Microscopical and Natural History Club 13th “Annual
Report ; United States Geological Survey Department of the
Interior, 3rd Annual. Report ; Willett, H., Esq., Extrait du
Bulletin de Musée Royale D’Histoire Naturelle de Belge, 4 pts. ;
Quarterly Journal of Geological Society, No. 159 ; Smith, H. E.,
Archeology in the Mersey district, 1871 ; Sub Wealdron Explor-
ation Committee’s 3rd Report ; Potter, C., Observations on the
Geology of the Cheshire Coast ; Fritton, W. H., Geological Rela-
tions of the Beds between the Chalk and Purbeck Limestone
in the S.E. of England ; Yorkshire Philosophical Society, Annual
Report, 1884; Chester Society of Natural Science, Annual
Report, 1884 ; Ray Society, Report of the Council of, 1884;

9

Conference of Delegates of Scientific Societies, Proceedings at,
1884.

The following Books and Periodicals have been purchased

— during the year :—

Fishe’s Excursion of an Evolutionist ; Romer’s Bones and
Caves of Sjcow ; Clermont’s Quadrupeds and Reptiles ; Clermont’s
Quadrupeds of Europe; Pascoe’s Geological Classifications ;
Hodge’s Older England ; Saxon J.eechdom ; Challenger Reports,
vols. ro and 11; Freshwater Alyce ; Unity of Nature (Duke of

et. Argyle); Ganot’s Physics; Studies in Microscopical. Science,

vol. 3; English Moss Flora; Geological Magazine ; Zoological
ditto ; Entymologist ditto ; Science Gossip ; Microscopical
Quarterly ; to4 numbers of Nature, two years.

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

~

Brighten & Sussex Natural PBistary Suciety,

JUNE, 1885.

Aylen, S.
Abbey, H.

Bigge, A.

Brown, J. H.
Browne, G.
Badcock, Dr.
Black, A.

Boxall, W. P.
Balean, H.
Booth, E.
Browne, Hon. Howe
Bishop, J. G.
Botting, W.
Brinton, R.
Benson, G. F.
Barnes, J.

Baker, J. 5.
Buchel, C.
Baber, Dr. E. C.
Bostel, D. T.
Barrow, G. S. M.
Burrows, Seymour
Branfoot, Dr.
Barker, G. D.

Blaker, TF. 1

Clark, J. Colbatch
CoxAc Ee
Capon, J.

Corfe, Dr.
Champion, F. 5.
Caush, D. E.
Chapman, E.
Clifton, Lord
Coningham, W. J. C.
Clark, F. G.
Campbell, A.
Cowell, S.

Dennant, J.
Davey, H.
Dennet, C. F.
Davis, H. C.
Day, Rev. H. G.
Duke, F.
Denman, S.
Daintrey, C. J.

-Edmonds, H
Evans, George
Eisenhofer, A. A.
Evett, G. A.
Ewart, Dr. Joseph

Fox, O. A.
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel
Fisher, S. W.
Freeman, C. G.

q _ Glaisyer, T.
Glaisyer, J. H.

- Hallifax, Dr:
Hollis, W. M.
» Hadlow, F. V.

_ Haselwood, J. E.
‘Hallett, W.
Hart, E. J.
Hurst, I.

_ Hobbs, J.

_ Hack, D,

_ Hollis, Dr. W. A.
| Holder, q. J.

li

Jackson, W.
James, R. A.

Kilmister, C.

Leuliette, L.
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lucas, J. E.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R,
Lever, C.

‘

Merrifield, F.
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.
Millard, Dr. W. J. K.
Medcalf, E. S.
Mills, A.
Marchant, W.
Merry, W.

Miles, Dr. E. J.
Moon, Dr. W.
McKellar, Dr.

Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C,
Norman, S.

Phillips, B
Pocock, C. J.

Prati, H.
Pankhurst, E. A.
Puttick, W.
Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F.
Petitfourt, E. J.
Postans, R. B.

Ross, Dr. Harris
Rutter, Dr.

Ross, Dr. Douglas
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.

Rogers, R. 5.
Raper, F. CLS:
Rose, ‘J., Sen.
Rose, T.

Rean, W. I.

Smith, C. P.
Smith, T.

Smith, W.

Smith, J. P. M.
Smith, S. J. Woodman
‘Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. F.
Scott, E. E.
Simonds, T. }.
Salzmann, F. W.
Strevens, W. H.

Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.

Smith, Dr. Tyler
Stephens, Dr. W. J.
Salmon, E. F.

‘Thomas, D.
Tasker, J.
Thomas, J.

Verrall, Henry
Verrall, Hugh J.

Winter, J. N.
Wallis, M.

Wallis, W. C.
Wallis, E. A.
Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., Jun.
Wood, J.
Williams, H. M.
Woodman, James
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.
Wellbye, H.
Walker, T.
Wood, F.
Webster, W.
Walter, Jno.
Wright, A.
Whittle, Dr. E. G.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Sara,

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

‘Davis, Dr. W.
Jenner, J. H. A.
Latham, Dr. K. G.
Lec, H,

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.
Stevens, Dr.

Ward, J. Clifton

Po

LADY SUBSCRIBER.

kate

- Woollams, Mrs. Henry

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,

And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ev-offizio Members of
the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.

Chester Society of Natural Science.

Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.

Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Epping Forest and County of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.

Geologists’ Association.

Glasgow Natural History Society.

Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.

Huddersfield Naturalist Society.

Leeds Naturalists’ Club.

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.

Peabody Academy of Science, Szlem, Mass, U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal Society.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.

South London Microscopical and Natural History Club.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles,

Watford Natural History Society.

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

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me AN INTUAL RHPORT

‘

Y OF THE
. .
|

i

. BRIGHTON AND SUSSEX

Brighton :

THE SOUTHERN PRINTING COMPANY, 130 NORTH STREET

1886

Ail communications relating to the scientific work of the Society
should be sent to the Science Secretary, Mr. Epwp. ALLOWAY
PankuUrsT, F.G.S., 12, Clifton Road.

All communications relating to the Library, presentation of books
or any other business matter pertaining to publications, periodicals,
books, &c., connected with the Library of the Society should be sent to
the Hon. Librarian, Mr. D. E. Causu, No. 63, Grand Parade, or
the Free Library, Church Street, Brighton.

Presentations of objects for the Society's Cabinet, dc., should be
sent to the Hon. Curator, Mr. BENJAMIN Lomax, F.LS., Free
Library, Church Steeet, Brighton.

Subscriptions shonld be paid, and all communications reluting to
the financial affairs of the Society should be sent, to the Hon. Sec., MR.
JOHN COLBATCH CLARK, No. 64, Middle Street, Brighton.

President :
Dr. JOSEPH EWART.

Pice-Presidents :

Mr. HOLLIS, Mr. J. DENNANT,

Mr. SIMONDS, Mr. G. D. SAWYER,
Mr. W. E. C. NOURSE, Dr. BADCOCK,

Mr, T. GLAISYER, Mr. J. J. E. MAYALL,
Mr. F. MERRIFIELD, Hon. HOWE BROWNE,
Mr. HASELWOOD, . Rey, H. G. DAY,

Mr. ALDERMAN COX, Dr. W. A. HOLLIS.

Honorary Ureasurer :

Mr. THOMAS GLAISYER,
12, NorrH STREET.

Committee :

Dr. MILES,

Mr. F. E. SAWYER,

Mr. E, J. PETITFOURT,

Mr. C. F. DENNET,
Mr. E. A. PANKHURST,
Dr. CORFE,

Library Sub-Committee :
Mr. C. F. DENNET, Mr. CAUSH,
Dr. E. J. MILES, | Mr. E. A. PANKHURST.

Honsrarp Wibrarian :
Mr. D. E. CAUSH.

Honorary Curator:
Mr. BENJAMIN LOMAX.

Science Secretary :
Mr. EDWARD ALLOWAY PANKHURST,
12, CLirron Roap.

Honorary Secretary :

Mr. J. COLBATCH CLARK,
64, MIDDLE STREET.

At the Annual Meeting of the BriGHTON AND SUSSEX
Naturau History Soctety, held in the Curator’s Room, Free
Library and Museum, Church Street, June 10th, 1886.

It was RESOLVED,—

That the Report and Treasurer’s Account, now brought in,
be received, adopted, and entered on the Minutes, and printed

for circulation as usual.

That the following gentlemen be elected as Officers of the
Society for the ensuing year :—President : Dr. Joseph Ewart ;
Treasurer: Mr. Thomas Glaisyer ; Committee: Mr. Seymour
Burrows, Mr. C. F. Dennet, Mr. E. S. Medcalf, Dr. Miles, Mr.
E. J. Petitfourt, and Mr. F. E. Sawyer ; Honorary Librarian :
Mr. D. E. Caush ; Honorary Curator, Mr. B. Lomax; Hon.
Secretary : Mr. John Colbatch Clark ; Science Secretary : Mr.
E, A. Pankhurst.

That the sincere thanks of this Meeting be given to the
Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Honorary Librarian,
Honorary Curator, Honorary Secretary, and Science Secretary

for their services during the past year.

That the thanks of this Meeting be presented to Dr. Joseph

Ewart for his able conduct as President during the past year.

ANNUAL RHAPOR'T

OF THE

Friar on & Suge Natural Histon Society,

or 8 Sree

In presenting their annual report, your Committee have the
pleasure of again recording the continued prosperity of the
Society. They deeply regret the loss which the Society has sus-
tained by the death of two of its Vice-Presidents, viz, Mr. A.
Bigge and Dr. Hallifax; who had been connected with the
Society for upwards of 30 years and who at one time took an
active part in promoting its prosperity.

Financially, the condition of the Society is very satisfactory,
there being a balance of £133 1s 7d in the hands of the
Treasurer. Annexed to this report is a statement of the receipts
and expenditure for the past year. The number of members re-
mains about the same. A list of the present members is appended
to this report.

Presentations of the following books and papers have been
received by the Society during the year :—

The Data of Ethics, byH. Spencer ; Astronomy, by F. Arago,

2 vols ; The Natural History of Creation (from Mr. E. Hamblin) ;

Physical Diagnosis, by Loomis; Zoological Recreations, by

_Broderip ; Water Analysis, by Wanklyn; The Sterescope, by
Brewster ; Geological Terms, by Page ; British Ferns, by Johnson ;

Stones of the Valley, Symonds ; British Butterflies, by Coleman ;

6

Microscopical Objects, by Pritchard ; Microscopic Mounting, by
Martin ; Naturalists’ Note Book ; Coleoptera (from Mr. T. Cur-
teis) ; List of Land and Fresh water Mollusca of East Sussex, by
J. H. A. Jenner ; Forestry in India, by Dr. J. Ewart ; A few
words upon (1) The lowest forms of living things (2) Physiology
(3) Aryan and Aboriginal races of India, by Dr. J. Ewart ; On some
recently discovered Insecta trom Carboniferous and Silurian Rocks
by H. Goss (from the respective Authors) ; Proceedings of the
Geological Association ; Reports and proceedings of the North
Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club and Archzlogical Society ;
The Belfast Naturalist Field Club and of the Cardiff Naturalists
Society ; Bulletin de la Societé de Belge de Microscopie (from the
respective Societies) ; Quekett Microscopical Club (from H. T.
Hailes) ; Topography of Crowborough, by C. L. Prince (from the
Author) ; Annalen des K, K. Naturalistorischen Hofmuseum
redigirt von Dr. F. R. von Hauer, 1886.

The following books and peri odicals have been added by pur-
chase during the year, viz :—

CHALLENGER Report, Vol I., Parts 1 and 2.
EvoLuTion IN THE MIND OF ANIMALS.
GREVILLEA, Vol. XIV.

Entomo.ocists’ MontHLy MAGaAziInE, Vols. 21 and 22.
GEOoLoGIcAL MAGAZINE.

ZooLocist , MAGAZINE.

CaRRINGTON’s ENTOMOLOGIST.

ScIENCE.

ScrencE Gossip,

MICROSCOPICAL QUARTERLY.

NATURE.

Srupies 1n Microscopica ScrEence.

Mr. Douglas E. Caush has kindly undertaken the office of
Hon. Librarian, formerly held by the late Mr. Robert Glaisyer
whose death was recorded in the last report, and under his
supervision, and with the assistance of Mr. C. F. Dennet, Dr.
Miles, and Mr. Pankhurst (the Library Sub-Committee), the
Library, which now consists of about 1,400 books, exclusive of

7

unbound current periodicals and pamphlets, has been entirely
re-arranged and a new catalogue has been prepared and will
shortly be issued to the members.

A change in the officers of the Society has also taken place,
Mr. Lomax, one of the Hon. Secs. finding that his public duties
prevented his taking so active a part in the work of the Society
as he wished to do, resigned his office, but the Committee are glad
to state that he has accepted the office of Hon. Curator. Arrange-
ments were made by the Committee, under which Mr. E. A.
Pankhurst was appointed Science Secretary. The Society is much
indebted to Mr. F. G. Clark for his kindness in auditing the ac-
counts,

The competition for the prizes offered by the Committee for
the two best essays on the physiography of the Brighton District,
referred to in the last report, cannot be said to have been a suc-
cess, only one essay having been sent in and that not being of
sufficient merit to enable the Committee to award the writer a
prize.

The Committee for various reasons have thought it desirable
to discontinue holding the Conversazione for the present,

The annual excursion took place on the 7th of July last,
when between 30 and 40 members visited Hailsham, Michelam
Priory, Eastbourne, and other places in the vicinity, the President
and several members of the Eastbourne Natural History Society
accompanying them, the excursion proving a most enjoyable one.

The field excursions during the year have been as follows,
viz :—
1885.—May 16, to Balcombe.
June 13, to Horsted Keynes.
July 11, to Shoreham and Steyning.
August 15, to West Hoathly.
September 12,—
October 10, to Arundel Park and Forest.

8

The papers read at the ordinary meetings have been both
varied and interesting. The following is a list :—

1885, —October : On “ Forestry in India,” being an Inaugural
Address by the President, Dr. Joseph Ewart,
M.R.C.P.

November : On “ Contributions of the Animal and
Vegetable World to our light and cleanliness,”
by Mr. Leopold Field, F.C.S., lecturer at the
International Health Exhibition.

3?

December : On “ The Bee ; a problem in Evolution,”
by Mr. Benjamin Lomax, F.I.S.

”

1886.—January : On “ Fossil Birds with teeth,” by Mr.
Edward Crane, F.G.S.

February : On “ Volcanoes and Volcanic Action,” by
Mr. Edward Alloway Pankhurst, F.G.S.

April : On “ The Atom ; its Nature and surround-
ings,” by E. J. Petifourt, B.A.

May : On “ Characteristics of Enthusiasm,—a psycho-
logical Study,” by Dr. W. Ainslie Hollis,

”

The Committee are endeavouring to make arrangements for
the publication of the papers read before the Society.

At a special general meeting of the Society held on the 30th
of September last the members decided to discontinue holding
Microscopical meetings on the 4th Thursday in the month and
resolved that Microscopical subjects should, at the discretion of the
Committee, be introduced occasionally at the ordinary meetings.
At the Microscopical meeting in October, 1885 and at the ordinary
meetings in June, 1885, and March, 1886 amongst other subjects the
following objects and specimens were exhibited and described :—
Polycistina, by Mr. J. E. Haselwood ; Tipula Oleracea, by Mr. E.
J. Petifourt, B.A. ; Section through hand of human Embryo, and
Section of Lung, by Mr. H. Edmonds, B.Sc. ; Section of a Meteorite

9

by Mr. Edward Alloway Pankhurst ; A Dollond Microscope, by
Mr. G. D. Sawyer ; A Beale’s Neutral Tint Reflector, by Mr. C.
A. Wells.

Believing that it would tend to increase the usefulness of the
Society, the Committee recommend that the name of the Society
be changed and other alterations in the rules made, and at a special
‘general meeting to be held on the 17th of June resolutions to that
effect will be proposed.

The Committee have again to record their thanks to the
‘Government Departments of the United States and the Smith-
‘sonian Institute for their great and continued liberality in for-
warding valuable reports and other papers.

The thanks of the Society are due to those gentlemen who
have read papers, exhibited objects, or presented books to the
Society, and in concluding their report your Committee would
urge upon each member to endeavour to promote the welfare of
the Society by bringing its merits under the notice of his friends.

= ose oe EBs HS ee)
tees 3 =

Lhe tO.F..M EM BEans

Brighton & Sussex Tatural History Society,

JUNE, 1886.

Aylen, S. Clark, J. Colbatch
Abbey, H. Cox, A. H.
Capon, J.
Corfe, Dr
Brown, J. H. Champion, F. S.
Browne, G. Caush, D. E.
Badcock, Dr. Chapman, E.
Black, A.

Clifton, Lord

Pe a Coningham, W. hie
reueeec Clark, F. G.
i epde: Campbell, A.
pe hes NEN Cowell, S.
Botting, W.
Brinton, R.
Benson, G. F. eae J
Barnes, J. ies S .
Baker, J. 8. ae = 5
Buchel, C. ere . # E
Baber, Dr, E C. ee a .G,
Bostel, D. T. Duke, F. :
Barrow, G. S. M. Denman, :
Daintrey, C. J.
Burrows, Seymour ORS
Branfoot, Dr. oda, A. i.

Barker, G. D.
Blaker, T. F. I. Edmonds, H.

Evans, George
Eisenhofer, A. A,
Evett, G. A.
Ewart, Dr. Joseph

Fox, 0. A,
Friend, D. B.
Friend, Daniel °
Fisher, S. W,
Freeman, C. G.

Glaisyer, T,

Hollis, W. M.
Hadlow, F. V.
Haselwood, J. E.
Hallett, W. H.
Hart, E. J.
Hurst, H.
Hobbs, J.

Hack, D.

Hollis, Dr. W. A.
Holder, J. J.
Hamblin, E.
Hamblin, J,
Haynes, J. L.
Henriques, A.
Hawes, H.
Harrison, Dr, W.
Hodgson, Dr,

Infield, H. J.

Jackson, W.

11

Kilmister, C.

Leuliette, L,
Lee, W. R.
Lomax, B.
Lucas, J. E.
Langton, H.
Lockyer, G. R.
Lever, C.

Marshall, E. J,
Merrifield, F.
Mayall, J. J. E.
Mills, P.
Mitchell, W. W.

Millard, Dr. W. J. K.

Medealf, E. S,
Mills, A,
Marchant, W.
Merry, W.
Miles, Dr, E. J.
Moon, Dr. W.
McKellar, Dr.
Martin, W. H.

Nash, W. H.
Nye, H.

Nourse, W. E. C,
Norman, §,

Phillips, B,
Pocock, C. J.
Pratt, H,

Pankhurst, E. A.
Puttick, W.
Poundall, W. L.
Parton, F.
Petitfourt, E. J.
Postans, R. B.

Ross, Dr. Harris
Ross, Dr. Douglas
Rutter, Dr.
Ryde, G. W.
Ryde, W.
Rogers, R. 8.
Rose, T,

Rean, W. H.
Roberts, Herbert

Smith, C. P.
Smith, T.

Smith, W.
Smith, J. P. M.
Smith, S. J. Woodhan
Savage, W. D.
Savage, W. W.
Sawyer, G. D.
Sawyer, Fredk. E.
Scott, E. E.
Simonds, T. R.
Salzmann, F. W.
Strevens, W. H.
Spooner, C. H.
Sayers, J.

12

Smith, Dr. Tyler
Stephens, Dr. W. J.
Salmon, E. F.

Thomas, D.
Tasker, J.
Thomas, J.

Verrall, Henry
Verrall, Hugh J.

Winter, J. N.
Wallis, M.

Wallis, W. C.
Wood, W. R.
Wood, W. R., jun.
Wood, J.
Williams, H. M.
Woodman, James
Wilkinson, T.
Willett, H.
Wellbye, H.
Walker, T.

Wood, F.
Webster, W.
Walter, Jno.
Wright, A.
Whittle, Dr. E. G.
Wells, C. A.
Wells, Isaac

13

HONORARY MEMBERS.

————_0 RRR OO

Bloomfield, Rev. E. N.
Clarkson, Rev. G. A.
Curteis, T.

| Davis, Dr. W.

Jenner, J. H. A.

Latham, Dr. K. G.

Lee, H.

Mitten, W.

Prince, C. L.

Stevens, Dr.

LADY SUBSCRIBERS.

—ecrnoe——

Bagley, Miss.
Herring, Miss,

Woollams, Mrs. Henry.

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THE SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,
And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of

the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club,
Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.
Chester Society of Natural Science.
Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.
Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.
Edinburgh Geological Society.
Epping Forest and county of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.
Geologists’ Association.
Glasgow Natural History Society.
Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.
Huddersfield Naturalist Society.
Leeds Naturalists’ Club.
Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club,
Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass, U.S.A.
Quekett Microscopical Club.
Royal Microscopical Society.
Royal Society.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.
South London Microscopical and Natural History Club.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.
Tunbridge Wells Natural History and Antiquarian Society.
Watford Natural History Society,

-«, Yorkshire Philosophical Society,

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OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY.

Loo7-LSse,.

President :
Mr. Szrrmour Burrows, B.A. (Cantab), M.R.C.S.

Vice=Presidents :

Mr. W. M. Hottis, J.P. Dr. L. C. Bapcocx.

: Mr. T. R. Srmonps, i? Mr. J. J. E. Mayatt.

. Mr. W. E. C. Nourse. Hoy. Hower Browne.

_ Mk. F. Mzerrrerp. Mr. THomas GLaIsyER.

Mr, J. E. Hasetwoop. Rev. H. G. Day, M.A.
Mr. ALDERMAN Cox, J.P. Dr. W. AInsiiz Hoxus. F.R.C.P.
Mr. J. DENNANT. Dr. J. Ewart, F.R.C.P.

Mr. G. D. Sawyer, F.R.M.S.

‘honorary Treasurer :
Mr. THomas GLAIsyER, 12, North Street.

Committee :
Mr. C. F. DENNET. Mr, E. S. Mepcatr, M.R.C.S.
i Mr. E. J. Hart, M.R.C.S. Mr. E. J. Petrrrourt, B.A,
Dr. McKurzar. Mr. Frepr. E. Sawyer, F.S.A.
honorary Librarian: honorary Curator:
Mr. D. E. Causi. Mr. Benzamin Lomax, F.L.S.

Donorary Secretaries :
Mr, Epwp. Attoway Pankuorst, F.G.S., 12, Clifton Road.

Mr, Jno. CotpatcH CLARK, 64, Middle Street.

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ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

JUNE 8th, 1887.
ie pee Bes Bas a

Dr. JOSEPH EWART, F.R.C.P., President, in the Chair.

The PRESIDENT having explained the objects of the
Meeting, called on Mr. PANKHURST (Hon. Sec.) to
read the

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE

FOR THE YEAR, 1886-87.

The past year has been a more than usually eventful one in
the annals of the Society. At a special general meeting, held on
June 17th, 1886, the title of the Society was altered by the addi-
tion of the word “ Philosophical” to its designation, in order
that it might take cognizance of subjects beyond the strict domain
of natural history, and that topics of wider and more general
interest might come within the scope of its discussions.

In the hope that, by extending the sphere of the Society’s opera-
tions to Hove, many would be induced to become members to whom
the distance from the Free Library was an insuperable objection, a
rule was passed at the same meeting which empowered the Com-
mittee to hold the extraordinary meetings of the Society in the
sister township. The members have, in consequence, met twice
during the past two sessions in the Hove Town Hall. The atten-
dance was such as to justify thisnew departure from precedent.
It is to be hoped that during the next year the support which
the Committee will receive from those who are more particularly

6

interested in the success of the meetings at West Brighton, will
enable it to materially increase the number of meetings held
there,

At a second special general meeting, held on the 4th of
October last, it was decided, in order to suit what was under-
stood to be the convenience of the majority of members, that
Thursday, which had from the foundation of the Society been the
day appointed for its ordinary meetings, in the second week of
the month, shouid be changed to Wednesday. Among so large a
number of members, it would, of course, be impossible to choose
any day that would be entirely free from objections on the part
of some, but it is hoped that the change has been such as to com-
mend itself to the Society at large.

Your Committee congratulates the Society on the great
increase in the number of members since the last annual
meeting. On June 10th, 1886, the ordinary members amounted
to 161 ; there are now 189 on the list appended to this report.

Notwithstanding the large expenditure incurred by the Society
in the past year, especially in issuing the catalogue, in binding
books, in obtaining the things necessary for providing tea and
coffee at its meetings in the Curator’s Room, and in connection
with meetings held beyond the precincts of the Free Library, the
Treasurer’s account (appendix I.) is eminently satisfactory.

The thanks of the Society are due to Mr. F. G. Clark for his
kindness in auditing the accounts.

It will be seen from.the report of the hon. Libarian (Appendix II.)
that aboutforty booksand pamphlets have been added to the library
during the past year. The new catalogue to which allusion was made
in the last report, has, through the assiduous labours of Mr. Caush
and Mr. Dennet, now been issued to the members ; butit a subject
of regret to the Committee that so few avail themselves of the
privilege which members possess of borrowing from the library,
and that so interesting and valuable collection of books remains
to so large extent unused. It is with sincere feelings of gratitude
that the Committee records, again, the receipt of valuable works

ad
4

bearing on the geology, &c., of their vast territories, from the
Government Departments of the United States, and from the
Smithsonian Institute.

The annual excursion took place on the 7th of July, when
Hastings, Camber Castle, Rye and Winchelsea were visited by
about 40 members, the excursion being very successful. The
field excursions during the year have been as follow :—1886 :
June 12th, Crowborough; July 10th, West Hoathly ; August
14th, Steyning; September 11th, Chailey ; October 16th,
Uckfield.—1887 : May 14th, West Grinstead.

The papers read before the Society, and the lectures
given at its meetings, have been as follow :—1886: June | 0th,
at the annual meeting (after the adoption of the annual report),
«A short account of the materials used in the building of ancient
Rome, and their geological origin,” by Dr. E. J. Miles ; October
13th, inaugural address by the President (Dr. Ewart, F.R.C.P.),
* Louis Pasteur, his life and labours ;” November 3rd, “‘ Yeast ”
(with illustrations), Mr. W. Jago, F.C.S. ; November 24th, “ Some
observations of insect life in Switzerland,” by Mr. F. Merrifield ;
December 8th, ‘‘ Leaf variation in trailing plants,” Dr. W. Ainslie
Hollis ; 1887 ; January 12th, Exhibition of specimens ; February
9th, demonstration by oxy-hydrogen lantern, “‘ The minute
anatomy of vegetable tissue, and the process of growth,” by Mr.
E. J. Petitfourt, B.A. ; March 9th, “ The succession of life on the
earth, and its possible migration from the polar regions,” Mr. E.
Crane, F.G.S. ; March 17th (at Hove), demonstration by oxy-
hydrogen lantern, ‘‘The minute anatomy of animal tissue,” by Mr.
Henry Edmonds, B.S.C. ; April 6th, “‘ Recent advances in photo-
graphy,” Mr. Seymour Burrows, B.A. Cantab, M.R.C.S., Eng. ;
May 11th, “ Rain and Rivers,” with illustrations by oxy-
hydrogen lantern, by Mr. Pankhurst, F.G.S.

In connection with these meetings the Committee cannot but
regard with satisfaction the great success which has attended the
popular lectures such as those given by Messrs. Petitfourt,
Edmonds, and Pankhurst, and trusts the Society will approve of
the step which has been taken of sending a limited number of

8

tickets of admission to them to the Brighton and District
Teachers’ Association, the School of Science and Art, the Young
Men’s Christian Association, &c. The thanks of the Society are
due to Mr. J. W. Howlett, Chairman of the Hove Commissioners,
for the loan of his private room in the Town Hall at Hove for a
meeting, and to the Rev. J. J. Hannah, M.A., for the use on two
occasions of a large room in the Central Schools, Church Street.

Much difficulty has arisen with regard to the publication of
the papers read before the Society. The great expense (about
£40) incurred in former years by printing every paper in eatenso,
hardly seeming to the Committee justifiable in the interests of
the Society, the Committee now recommends that an abstract of
the papers read shall, as a general rule, be appended to the annual
report. This, however, must not be understood as precluding its
giving at greater length any paper read before the Society, or
any communication made to it, which shall appear to the Com-
mittee of sufficient scientific or literary value.

Seeing that ladies have of late years taken a large and in-
creasing interest in the proceedings of the Society the Committee
has resolved to recommend to the Society that they be admitted
to all the privileges of membership.

Experience having shown that some further modifications of the
rules and regulations which bear on the constitution.and governance
of the Society to have become advisable ; a sub-Committee, con-
sisting of Messrs. Ewart, Haselwood, Merrifield, and your two hon.
secretaries, has been appointed to take the matter into considera-
tion, and report thereon to the Committee. The new regulation
with regard to the admission of ladies to membership, together,
probably, with some others, will be submitted to the decision of
the Society at a special general meeting to be called early in the
ensuing session.

—T a ae

9

After the Reports had been read, it was moved by Mr.
G. D. Sawyer, and seconded by Mr. C. F. DENNET, and
resolved —

“‘That the Reports and Treasurer’s Account now brought in b
received, adopted, entered on the minutes, and printed for
circulation as usual.”’

It was moved by Mr. BAarcuay PHILLIPS and seconded by
Dr. McKE.LLAR, and resolved—

‘“‘That the following gentlemen be officers of the Society for the
ensuing year :—President: Mr. Seymour Burrows, B.A. (Cantab.),
M.R.C.S. ; Honorary Treasurer: Mr. Thomas Glaisyer, 12, North
Street ; Committee: Mr. C. F. Dennet, Mr. E. J. Hart, M.R.C.S.,
Dr. Edw. McKellar, Mr. E. 8. Medcalf, M.R.C.S., Mr. E. J.
Petitfourt, B.A., Mr. Fredk. E. Sawyer, F.S.A.; Honorary
Librarian: Mr. D. E. Caush ; Honorary Curator: Mr. Benjamin
Lomax, F.L.S.; Honorary Secretaries: Mr. Edwd. Alloway
Pankhurst, F.G.S., 12, Clifton Road, Mr. Jno. Colbatch Clark,
64, Middle Street.”

Mr. C. A. WELLS moved, Dr. MCKELLAR seconded, and it

was resolved —
“‘That the sincere thanks of the Society be given to the Vice-
Presidents, Treasurer, Committee, Hon. Librarian, Hon. Curator,
and Hon. Secretaries, for their services during the past year.”

Mr. DE PARiIs moved, Mr. PETITFOURT seconded, and it was

resolyed—

“That the best thanks of the Society be given to Dr. Joseph
Ewart, F.R.C.P., now retiring from the office of President, for
his assiduous attention to the best interests of the Society for the
past three years.”

Dr. Ewart briefly expressed his gratitude for the very kind
manner in which the speakers on the motion had alluded to
such services as he had been able to render to the Society.

Mr. Sreymour Burrows was then duly inducted into the
chair and presided over the Ordinary Meeting which followed.
At this meeting several new members were proposed. Some
geological and other specimens of much interest were then
exhibited.

10

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11

APPENDIX II.

LIBRARIAN’S REPORT.

The following works have been presented to the Library during
the past year. The “ Locust work in Cyprus” and “ Journal of
the Geological Society,” by Mr. H. Willett ; “ Annual Report
of the U. S. Geological Survey,” vols. 4 and 5, by the United
States Government, ; “‘ Japanese Homes,” by the Peabody Academy
of Science ; “ Report of the Smithsonian Institute,” by the Smith-
sonian Institute ; “ Journal of British and American Archelogical
and Geological Society of Rome,” by Dr. Miles ; “ Quekett
Microscopical Club” from Mr. H. T. Hales. Also from their
respective societies : Proceedings of the Geological Association ;
Reports and proceedings of the North Staffordshire Naturalists’
Field Club and Archeelogical Society ; The Belfast Naturalist
Field Club and of the Cardiff Naturalists Society ; Bulletin de la
Societé de Belge de Microscopie ; and several pamhplets, The
Society has acquired by purchase the following :

Nine vols. of the Ray Society’s Publications, Bacteriology by Dr. E.
Crookshank, Dental Anatomy by C. Tomes, Larve of British
Butterflies and Moths, Physiology of Plants by Dr. Vines,

Chemistry of Wheat, Flour, and Bread, and Technology Bread-
making, by W. Jago, F.C.S., Challenger Report, vol. 13.

and the following periodicals issued during the past year :
Journal of Geologists Association, Grevillea, Entomologists’ Monthly —
Magazine, Geological Magazine, Zoologist, Science Gossip, Micros-
copical Quarterly, Nature, Studies in Microscopical Science (Cole
and Son).

During the year there has been issued from the Library 177

vols. to members.

D. E. CausH,
Hon. Librarian.

Notr.—A book is placed on the table at the meetings of the Society in
which members are invited to inscribe the titles of such works as

they wish to see added to the Library. The Hon. Librarian will
also be glad to receive personally any suggestions on the subject.

Misti! >) OE PAPERS

READ BEFORE THE SOCIETY,

JUNE 10th, 1886, TO JUNE 8th, 1887.

ee a

15

INAUGURAL ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT,
Dr. JosepH Ewart, F.R.C.P., Sepr. 13TH, 1886.
“Louis Pasteur: his Life and Labours.”

The author gave a brief reswmé of the principal incidents in
the early life of Pasteur, touching on his parentage, education,
and favourite studies. From these he passed to the first of along
series of brilliant experiments on the influence of fungi in their
development on the chemical and molecular composition of the
inorganic substance in which they germinated. The transition
from these studies to those still more remarkable ones on which
his fame chiefly rests was easy. Having received an appointment
at Lille where the chief industry is connected with the produc-
tion of alcohol, fermentation enlisted his attention. His experi-
ments confirmed the hypothesis which he advanced that fermen-
tation was a process of LIFE; that a living organism was always
present in a fermenting liquid, and that in the process of its
growth, those chemical and molecular changes are brought about
by which various substances are produced. The steps by which
putrefaction was connected with fermentation were next dwelt
upon. The author then glanced at the circumstances
which led Pasteur to investigate the silk-worm disease
and to the brilliant results which followed from his re-,
searches. From the questions involved in the diseases of silk-
worms, Pasteur passed to those larger and still more important
ones having reference to the infectious diseases of animals and
man. ‘Thus anthrax or splenic fever next engaged his attention,
and having laid bare its cause, he next devoted himself to the
etioley of chicken-cholera. Having in the last two cases
demonstrated the protection which vaccination by the
attenuated virus affords, he began in 1880 to study the subject
of hydrophobia, not doubting that a microbe would be found here
also as the origin of the evil, and that the terrible disease might
be combated by the same method as had been found so successful
in anthrax and chicken-cholera.

Note.—A copy of this address in extenso was sent by Dr. Ewart to

every member of the Society. Gentlemen who have joined since
it was issued may obtain a copy on application to Mr. Clark.

16

“The Materials Used in the Building of Ancient Rome, and
their Geological Origin.”

Dr. E. J. Mies, (Hon. Librarian of the British and

American Archeological Society of Rome.)
Read (by Mr. C. F. DENNET, in the absence of Dr. Miles), June 10th, 1886.

The author first glanced at the topography of Rome and de-
scribed the neighbourhood as seen from the flat roof of the Villa
Melini. The more prominent objects were noted, and the
geological formations to which they belonged. The greater por-
tion of these, except the most ancient were represented. Thus
the Umbrian and Sabine mountains belonged to the Jurassic, the
Corniculean Hills to the Lias ; the Volscian ranges to the Upper
Cretaceous. The Tertiaries, early and late, were found in several
places. Volcanic rocks were important and abundant in several
localities. A volcanic tufa was much used in early times. It may
still be seen in the fragments left of the primitive wall of Romulus.
The catacombs are also hollowed out in a soft tufa. Basaltic lavas
are also largely developed in the neighbourhood of Rome, and
have been much used for paving the ancient roads. A singular
volcanic conglomerate called peperino was ordered by Nero to be
alone used in the rebuilding of the city. Travertine, an aqueous’
deposit of carbonate of lime, was largely used in Roman buildings.
The Colosseum is mainly constructed of it. The mortar owes its
hardness and durability to pozzolano, a volcanic dust or sand used
in its composition. Kiln-burnt bricks are first found in a build-
ing dating from 44 B.c., Imperial Rome gathered the splendid
marbles of its temples and palaces, from all quarters of the world.
Many of these were ennumerated, also the chiet localities whence
they were obtained. The most beautiful ones came from Greece
and Egypt. Numidia supplied the glowing giallo antico, Phrygia
the peacock variety, and the island of Chios that known as
Africano. Dr. Miles also described several of the serpentines,
granites and porphyries more frequently met with among the
rnsns of Rome, and indicated the chief sources of them.

17

“ Yeast.”
Mr. W. Jaco, F.C.S., F.C.1.
Read November 24th, 1886.

Mr. Jago said that yeast was associated with “ fermentation.”
In a saccharine liquid in which fermentation was set up, a curious
change is brought about in which alcohol is produced. This
change was looked upon asa kind of decay in former times.

* Afterwards to the action of a kind of vegetable substance. Then,

when it was found out to contain nitrogen, the principle of
fermentation was said to be of animal origin.

When yeast was submitted to microscopical examination, it
was found out that it consisted of a mass of cells. These
were seen to bud and grow, and hence yeast was known to be a
living substance. It is now classed as a member of the
vegetable kingdom; as a kind of fungus, in fact. The
next great light thrown on the subject was by Pasteur, who
declared that fermentation was essentially a vital process. The
changes which take place in fermentation being the vital ones
accompanying growth and development. This was in direct
antagonism to Liebig’s idea. Liebig looked on fermentation as
a series of chemical or molecular changes, initiated by the yeast.
The yeast plant in growing absorbs certain bodies from its environ-
ment, and in doing so produces alcohol and carbonic acid. Other
ferments absorb or digest other substances, and produce
different results. A liquid free from fermenting bodies does not
undergo fermentation, and one to which germs cannot obtain
access, also does not ferment, thus showing that it is from germs
introduced from without, and not from an interior molecular series
of changes that this process is set up.

The latest researches show us that yeast is a plant of the
simplest structure. It lives and grows by the assimilation of
carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen, from inorganic bodies. Mr’
Jago then alluded to Brefeld’s researches on Conidia, as a result
of which he (Brefeld) argued that yeast should not be considered
as a separate and distinct organism, but as the germs of a fungus
associated very often with wheat grains, But this view, although

18

alluring, has not as yet received support from the researches of
other scientists.

Mr. Jago illustrated his lecture by a series of beautiful draw-
ings, made of yeast in different stages of growth, and of the
organisms found associated with it.

“Some Observations of Insect Life in Switzerland”
Mr. F. MERRIFIELD.
Read November, 24th, 1886.

The author commenced by saying that there was a close con-
nexion between vegetable and insect life, and the points of
resemblance between England and the Continent of northern and
eastern France and Switzerland as to both were much stronger
than the points of difference. The main differences as to the
trees were the greater abundance of Walnut, Chestnut, and
Acacia, in shrubs the presence cf the red-berried Elder and the
plentifulness of the Barberry, and the coarser and stronger growth
of the grasses and herbaceous plants. Higher up one was struck
with the general absence of heath (except the common ling) and
the abundancy of Rhododendrons, Juniper, Whortleberries, and
Alders, giving a soft velvety look to the folds of the mountains.
Higher still, the blue Gentians, Arnicas, and orange Hawkweeds
were among the most striking of the flowers not found here. It
seemed to him perfectly suprising that an elevation of 9,000 or
10,000 feet, where the air was only two-thirds the density at the
sea level, should not make a greater difference in the character of
the animals which constantly breathed the air. He had seen
many insects common in the plains, flying over patches of sward
at great elevations—for example—V. Cardni, C. Hyale, Edusa,
and O. Cherophyllata. He suggested that the difference in the
density of the air might have some connexion with the fact
pointed out by H. Miiller in a work recently reviewed by Mr.
F. Darwin in a volume of “ Nature,” viz., that butterflies which
had broad flapping wings became at great elevations much more
abundant compared with the small-winged Hymenoptera than in

19

the plains. The writer went on to speak of insects rare or not found
here. P. Machaon was plentiful almost everywhere. P. Podolarus
much less so. P. Apollo was the most abundant butterfly near
Courmayeur, V.C. Album was plentiful, V. Antiopa frequent,
Fritillaries and Blues were excessively abundant and were thirsty
souls, swarming on damp parts of roads, and at times feeding on
garbage, such as a recently crushed grasshopper. The little
Burnet moths, of several sorts, were very plentiful, as were flower-
loving bright metallic beetles. The abundance of Burnets was very
noticeable ; frequently one could see five or six ona single flower.
Day-flying insects seemed more ready to fly in weather not
absolutely sunny than they are here, where clouds are above and
more sharply defined, than there where the observer is as
much among the clouds as below them. Mr. M. conciuded with
some general observations to the effect, that he considered there
was evidence that the insect mind was more complex than was
ordinarily supposed, and that many of their actions were directly
prompted by other motives than the simple necessity of providing
for the existence and maintenance of the species. . Animals far
below the human one he thought plainly manifested such qualities
as vanity, playfulness, jealousy, anger, sensitiveness to ridicule,
&e. Singing birds surely must appreciate music. Bower birds
practised decorative art, and he could hardly account for the
beauty of many butterflies except by supposing that they had
some perception of beauty of colour and perhaps also of form and
movement. It was not the beauty of symmetry, like that of the
snow crystals or the honeycomb, or that which was proper to the
kaleidoscope. If any creature low in the animal scale might be
- expected to have this appreciation, it was the butterfly, in which
owing to its metamorphoses, all the emotional part of its nature,
if it is capable of any, was crowded into the very short period of
its life during which it had wings and was subject to the excite-
ment and emulation arising from difference of sex.

20

“Leaf Variation in Trailing Plants.”
Dr. W. AINSLIE Ho.Ltis, F.R.C.P.
Read December 8th 1886.

The object of the paper, as stated by the author in the com-
mencement was twofold. First to call attention to the variability
of leaves in individual plants, and secondly to show the adapta-
tion of peculiar varieties of leaf-form to the circumstances of
individual life, and to the advantages of the plant thence accruing.

Among the more interesting and noticeable examples of varia-
tion of leaf-form might be mentioned those seen on the passion-
flower. On a branch exhibited were ovoid, tripartite and
quinquefoliate leaves. On a bramble were shown a ternate
leaf in the lower: part followed by simple ovate leaves in the
upper. Ina specimen of woodbine, simple leaves were found at
both extremities and compound leaves in the centre. In the
common woodbine the leaves may be seen in every stage of
transition from the simple oval, to the serrated leaves of
complex forms. The simple leaf is probably the more stable
form. The various species of Rubus also present an extraordinary
variation of form on almost every plant. Not only in the
Passiflora, but in all cases according to Lubbock the palmate has
been developed from the cordate form. The leaf of the black
Bryony shows a great tendency to variation from the general
type, and may be taken in illustration of Lubbock’s theory. The
ivy affords remarkable examples of leaf-variation from those of
simple outline to the most deeply lobed.

The author thought that this redundance of form was rather
due to an excess of formative power, “than,” as Grant Allen puts
it “a failure of growth between the principal ribs.” The
development of the leaves of Tropzeolum majus were then noticed
in which a palmate leaf is changed into an orbicular one, and
experiments described which the author made to ascertain the
ratio of growth of different parts.

In the second part of his paper, “the adaptation of leaf-
variation to the exigencies of individual plant life,” Dr. Hollis
laid most stress on mimicry, as generally giving the plant some

21

advantage in the struggle for life. It is probable that a re-
semblance between a parasite and its host would serve some
useful purpose to the former, and in time become ‘characteristic of
the species. Specimens were shown of Rumex Acetosella round
which trailed the similar shaped leaves of Convolvulus Arvensis.
May not these be left untouched because of their likeness to
leaves with such distinctly acid properties as the sheep's sorrel ?
In an oak copse the author had noticed the leaves of the woodbine
so similar to those of the trees on which it climbed as to be
undistinguishable at a little distance. In a Sussex lane last
summer he was much struck with the extraordinary similarity of
some bramble leaves to those of the shrubs round which it grew.
Several examples were shown at the meeting. The cause of this
variability of foliage is often difficult to discover. . It may be in
the environment of the plant. There were many interesting
problems connected still remaining to be solved. It is possible
that a particular leaf-shape engendered by growth, fostered by
circumstances, and strengthened by habit may result finally in
the evolution of new species.

————————

é

“ The Succession of Life on the Earth, and its Possible
Migration from the Polar Regions.”

Mr. Epwarp Cran, F.G.S.
Read March 9th, 1887.

The author, by the aid of a number of large diagrams, gave an
excellent resumé of the general course of life on the globe, and
remarked on the principal features of the different epochs. He
noticed particularly the gigantic crustaceans of the Lower Silurian
rocks, and the interesting problems connected with their evolu-
tionary history. The singular persistence of some genera of
Brachiopods through vast periods of time from the Cambrian age,
in fact, to our own, was touched on. The author also referred to
the recent extraordinary discovery of a highly developed scorpion
in the Upper Silurian of Sweden, and to the fact that the first

22

representatives of the winged insect tribe have been found in the
Devonian rocks of Canada. Mr. Crane drew attention to the few
but noticeable descendants of the armour-plated fishes of the
Devonian, which now exist in some of the seas and rivers of the
world, and in connection with this subject, said how much
it had been his aim in the arrangement of specimens in the
museum to illustrate past forms of life as far as practical by
those nearly related to them now in existence. Perhaps
the most interesting part of the paper was that which touched on
the probable origin of life at the North and South Poles. Among
the arguments which the lecturer adduced were the comparative
thinness of the earth’s crust at the Poles when compared with the
equatorial radius. Assuming, with geologists in general, that
the earth was once a molten mass, this difference of 13 miles would
have favoured the dissipation of heat and consequent cooling at
the Poles. Hence the crust of the earth would have been here
fitted for life, while the equator would have been still too hot to
allow of the development of any organic germs endowed with
vitality. Moreover, the heat of the sun at the equator would
have further added to the innate heat of the earth in a manner
not conducive to the germination of either animal or vegetable
existence. Mr. Crane called particular attention to the fact that
Polar navigators had brought back evidence as to the different
climate which once prevailed at the North Pole. At some
epochs in the earth’s history life must have been as exuberant
there as in what are now the sunny regions of the South. More-
over, the great corrugations on the earth’s surface, running
longitudinally, must have favoured the migration of living beings
from North to South, and seemed to point to the fact that life on
the earth radiated from there as from its centre and origin.

23
“Recent Advances in Photography.”
Mr. Seymour Burrows, B.A. (Cantab.), M.R.C.S.
Read April 6th, 1887.

The author gave a resumé of the progress of Photography from
its commencement with Niepce, who found that light acted on a
thin layer of bitumen of Judzea, when spread on metallic plates
in such a manner, as to cause it to be insoluble in substances which
would otherwise dissolve it. The next important step was the
use of silver salts, in the form of choloride, on paper, by Davy and
Wedgwood. They could not, however, render the impressions
obtained permanent. To Daguerre belongs the merit of first
making a positive picture by photography. The impression was
received on iodide of silver developed by means of mercurial fumes
and fixed by hyposulphite of soda. This was in 1839. In 1841
Fox-Talbot invented the process which took his name. He used
iodide of silver paper and developed by gallo-nitrate of silver.
The parts acted on by light, then became black. This afforded a
negative by which he obtained prints. This held its ground till
1856, when Scott-Archer brought out the collodion process, which
was practiced till quite lately, when gelatine was found a better
medium for silver salts, and is now so much in vogue, as the dry
plate process, with its sensitiveness and wonderful rapidity. This
was an enormous advance on the slow and dirty wet processes
previously adopted. Mr. Eastman has comparatively re-
cently brought out paper coated with gelatine emulsion,
which is transparent, and on which negatives may be
taken. The advantage of this in the place of glass to tourists
and travellers, would be at once apparent. Mr. Burrows briefly
described the different processes of printing photogographically.
First the method on silver-paper then the platinotype process ;
also the use of gelatine covered paper, by means of which prints
may be readily obtained by candle-light. The purely mechanical
processes of printing were next explained, viz : those known as the
Helitype, Autotype, Woodburytype, Zincography, &c. The author
next alluded to the wonderful advances. recently made in

24

photography, specially noting the remarkable achievement of the
Brothers Henry of Paris, who had recently succeeded in obtaining
impressions of nebule and faint stars by means of a sensitive
plate adapted to a telescope, which had never before been placed
onany chart. He called particular attention to the vast field
here opened out to photography and its future importance as the
handmaid of astronomy.

Mr. Burrows in conclusion remarked on the difficulties which
are involved in the problem of colour-photography.

25

SOCIETIES ASSOCIATED,

WITH WHICH THIS SOCIETY EXCHANGES PUBLICATIONS,
And whose Presidents and Secretaries are ex-officio Members of
the Society :—

Barrow Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.

Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.
Boston Society of Natural Science (Mass., U.S.A.)
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society.

Chester Society of Natural Science.

Chichester and West Sussex Natural History Society.
Croydon Microscopical Society.

Department of the Interior, Washington, U.S.A.
Eastbourne Natural History Society.

Edinburgh Geological Society.

Epping Forest and county of Essex Naturalists’ Field Club.
Folkestone Natural History Society.

Geologists’ Association.

Glasgow Natural History Society.

Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists.

Huddersfield Naturalist Society.

Leeds Naturalists’ Club.

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society.
Maidstone and Mid Kent Natural History Society.
North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club.

Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, Mass, USA.
Quekett Microscopical Club.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal Society.

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A.

South London Microscopical and Natural History Club.
Société Belge de Microscopie, Bruxelles.

Tunbridge Wells Natural History and Antiquarian Society.
Watford Natural History Society.

Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

26

Lis /OF MEMBERS

OF THE

Brighton & Sussex Natural History & Philosophical Society,
JUNE, 1887.

N.B.—Members are particularly requested to notify any change of
address at once to Mr. J. C. Clark, 64, Middie Street, Brighton.

ORDINARY MEMBERS.
AYLEN, SAMUEL, 85, Western Road, Brighton.
ABBEY, HENRY, Fair Lee Villa, Kemp Town.

Brown, J. H., 6, Cambridge Road, Hove.

Browne, GEorGE, M.R.C.S8., 35, Montpelier Road, Brighton.

Bapoock, Lewis C., M.D., M.R.C.S., 38, Buckingham Place,
Brighton.

Buack, Artuur, B. Sc., 40, Buckingham Place, Brighton.

Boxatu, W. P., J.P., Belle Vue Hall, Kemp Towa.

BAtEAN, H., 15, Alexandra Villas, Brighton.

Bootu, E., 70, East Street, Brighton.

Browne, Hon. Howe, 26, Brunswick Place, Hove.

BorttTineG, W., 21, Ship Street, Brighton.

BRINTON, Ropt., 20B, Middle Street, Brighton.

Buaker, T. F. J., M.R.C.S., Wynnstay, Stanford Avenue,
Preston Park.

Benson, G. F., 47, Blatchington Road, West Brighton.

BARNES, J., M.A.

Baker, J. S., 38, Denmark Villas, West Brighton.

BUCHEL, C., Belvedere Mansion, Brighton.

BaBer, E. C., M.B., L.R.C.P., 97, Western Road, Brighton.

BostTEL, D. T., 18, Duke Street, Brighton.

Barrow, G. S. M., 24, First Avenue, West Brighton.

i

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Burrows, W. Seymour, B.A., M.R.C.S., 62, Old Steyne,
Brighton.

Barker, G. D., 48, Western Road, Brighton.

Branroor, H. S., M.B, M.R.C.P., M.R.CS., 42, Norfolk
Square, Brighton.

BousTEAD, SuRGEON-Magor R., M.D., F.R.C.S., 4, Adelaide
Crescent, West Brighton.

Buvett, G. A., M.D., B.A., 2, Tisbury Road, West Brighton.

CiarkK, Joun CoLpatcu, 64, Middle Street, Brighton.

Cox, A. H., J.P., 35, Wellington Road, Brighton.

Capon, J., 7, Ship Street, Brighton.

Corre, Gro., M.D.. M.R.C.P., 19, York Villas, Brighton.

Cuampion, F. S., North Gate House, Church Street, Brighton.

Causu, D. E., 63, Grand Parade, Brighton.

CHAPMAN, E., 34, Upper North Street, Brighton.

CiiFTon, LorD.

ConrncHam, W. J. C., 6, Lewes Crescent, Kemp Town.

CuarK, F. G., 56, Ship Street, Brighton.

CowELL, SAMUEL, 143, North Street, Brighton.

CLARK, SURGEON GENERAL J. J., M.D., 18, Vernon Terrace;
Brighton.

Cocksurn, W. H., 52, Ventnor Villas, West Brighton.

DENNANT, JOHN, 1, Sillwood Road, Brighton.

Davey, Henry, J.P., 82, Grand Parade, Brighton.

Dennet, C. F., 1, St. George’s Place, Brighton.

Davis, H. C., 39, St. James’s Street, Brighton.

DvKE, FREDERICK, Conservative Club, Hastings.

Day, Rev. H. G., M.A., 55, Denmark Villas, West Brighton.

DENMAN, SAMUEL, 26, Queen’s Road, Brighton.

Darntrey, C. J., Petworth, Sussex.

Dopp, A. H., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., 98, Sackville Road, Hove.

Davis, R. W., 5, Second Avenue, West Brighton.

Dowett, H. A., 46, Hova Villas, West Brighton.

Epmonps, H., B.Sc., School of Science and Art, Grand Parade,

Brighton.
EvANs, GEORGE.

EISENHOFER, A. A.
Evett, G. A., 6, Gladstone Terrace, Brighton.

Ewart, J., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., F.Z.S., Montpelier Hall,
Brighton.

Fox, Octavius A., 14, Pavilion Parade, Brighton.

FRIEND, D. B., 18, Clermont Terrace, Preston.

FRIEND, DANIEL, Stoneleigh, Preston.

FisHER, 8. Winter, M.D., M.R.C.S., 136, Marine Parade,
Brighton.

FREEMAN, C. G.

GLAISYER, THOs., 96, London Road, Brighton.

GERMAN, A. W., 11, Sackville Road, Hove.

GERMAN, H., 11, Sackville Road, Hove.

GLADSTONE, G., 31, Ventnor Villas, Hove.

GOLDsMID, Sir JULIAN, Bart., M.P., 105, Piccadilly, London.
GRAHAM, G., 42, Tisbury Road, Hove.

GuRNEY, R. H., 25, The Drive, Hove.

Hots, W. M., J.P., M.R.C.S., 7, St. George’s Place, Brighton -
HapDLow, F. V., 8, Prince Albert Street, Brighton.
HAsELWoop, J. E., 3, Lennox Place, Brighton.

HAMBLIN, E., 12, Park Crescent, Brighton.

Hauett, W. H., D.L., 141, Marine Parade, Brighton.

Hart, E. J. T., M.R.C.S., 4, Gloucester Place, Brighton.
Hurst, H., 149, North Street, Brighton.

Hosss, JAMES, 62, North Street, Brighton.

Hack, D., 15, Market Street, Brighton.

Ho.uis, W. AINSLIE, M.D., F.R.C.P., 8, Cambridge Road, Hove.
Houper, J. J., 8, Lorne Villas, Preston Park.

HAMBLIN, J., Queen’s Hotel, King’s Road, Brighton.

Hayngs, J. L., 49, Shaftesbury Road, Brighton.

HeEnrIQuEs, A. G., F.G.S., 9, Adelaide Crescent, Hove.
Hawes, H., 58, Buckingham Place, Brighton.

HARRISON, ‘Wauree, D.M.D., 98, Western Road, Belebtans::
Hopeson, Dr., Sussex County Hospital, Brighton.

Hasuam, W., 11, Tisbury Road, Hove.

29

Hannay, The VEN. ARCHDEACON, D.C.L., The Vicarage,
Montpelier Road, Brighton.

Hu, A. F., 9, Sackville Road, Hove.

How.ett, J. W., 6, Brunswick, Place, Hove.

Hupson, Rev. Ropt., M.A., 9, The Drive, Hove.

Hase.t, E. 8., Brighton and Hove Dispensary, 12, Ditchling
Terrace, Brighton.

Hay iar, F., 23, Gloucester Place, Brighton.

InFIELD, H. J., 130, North Street, Brighton.

JACKSON, W., 60, West Street, Brighton.
KiILMISTER, CHARLES, F.R.H.S., 4, West Hill Road, Brighton.

LEULIETTE, L., 18, Buckingham Road, Brighton.

Lez, W. R., 8, Norfolk Terrace, Brighton.

Lomax, BENJAMIN, F.L.S., C.E., Free Library, Brighton.
Lucas, J. E., 15, Wellington Road, Brighton.

LANcTON, HERBERT, M.R.C.S., 115, Queen’s Road, Brighton.
Lockyer, G. R., 16, King Street, Brighton.

LEVER, CHARLES, 27, Denmark Villas, Hove.

LEIGH, MARSHALL, 46, Dyke Road, Brighton.

MERRIFIELD, F., 24, Vernon Terrace, Brighton.
MarsHAL.L, E. J., 80, Buckingham Koad, Brighton.
Mavatt, J. J. E., 91, King’s Road, Brighton.
Mitts, P., 103, Western Road, Brighton.
MircHELL, W. W., 12, Shaftesbury Road, Brighton.
Miuuarp, W. J. K., M.D., 26, Gay Street, Bath.
Mepcazr, E. S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., 16, Hova Villas, Hove.
Mitts, A., 20, St. James Street, Brighton.
Marcuant, WILLIAM, 13, Round Hill Crescent, Brighton.
Merry, W., 3, Gloucester Place, Brighton.
Moon, W., L.L.D., 104, Queen’s Road, Brighton.
McKeE.iar, Epwarp, M.D., Woodleigh, Preston.
Martin, W. H., 11, Gloucester Place, Brighton.
METHLEY, THOMAS, 25, St. Aubyns, Hove.
~ Marriott, Ricut Hon. W. T., Q.C., M.P., 22, Brunswick
square, Hove,

30
McLean, R. A., 59, Cromwell-road, Hove.

Nourss, W. E. C., Bouverie Heuse, Mount Radford, Exeter
Nasu, W. H., Shakespere House, Chatham Place, Brighton.
Norman, SIMEON, St. John’s Common, Hurstpierpoint.

Puitiirs, Barciay, 75, Lansdowne Place, Hove.

Pocock, CRawrForD, J., M.R.C.S., 24, Cannon Place, Brighton
Pratt, Henry, F.R.A.S., 18, Preston Street, Brighton.
Panxuurst, E. A., F.G.S., 12, Clifton Road, Brighton.
Puttick, W., 85, Ditchling Rise, Brighton.

PounDALL, W. L.

Parton, F., 38, Denmark Villas, Hove.

Peritrourt, E. J., B.A., 8, Sudeley Street, Brighton.
Postans, R. B., 57, Montpelier Road, Brighton.

Pracey, Rev. T., M.A., The Vicarage, Hove.

Pricz, H. E., M.D., B.Sc., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., 1, Tisbury
Road, Hove.

Paris, GEORGE DE, 5, Denmark Terrace, Brighton.

Rurter, J., M.D., M.R.C.S., 141, Western Road, Brighton.
Ross, J. H., M.D., M.R.C.S., 8, St. George’s Place, Brighton.
Ryvz, G. W., 44, Silwood Road, Brighton.

RypbrE, WALTER, 44, Silwood Road, Brighton.

Rogers, R. S., M.R.C.S., 40, Cannon Place, Brighton.

Ross, Doucnas M., M.B., M.R.C.S., 9, Pavilion Parade,
Brighton.

Rean, W. H. M.R.C.S., 36, Vernon Terrace, Brighton.

Ross, T., Clarence Hotel, North Street, Brighton.

Riviere, J. C. F., 49, Tisbury Road, Hove.

Smonps, T. R., 43, Park Crescent, Brighton.

Scort, E. E., 31, Russell Square, Brighton.

Situ, C. P., 9, North Street, Brighton.

Sawyer, G. D., F.R.M.S., 55, Buckingham Place, Brighton.
SmitH, T., 85, Church-road, Hove.

Sairu, W., 6, Powis Grove, Brighton.

Smita, J. P. M., M.R.C.S., 118, Western Road, Brighton.

31

Sawyer, F. E., F.S.A., F.R. Met. Soc., 31, Buckingham Place,
Brighton.

SALZMANN, J. W., M.R.C.S., 18, Montpelier Road, Brighton

StrevEens, W. H., 95, Western Road, Brighton.

SavaGE, W. W., 109, St. James’s Street, Brighton.

Sirs, S. J. W.

Suaw, H. V., Fir Croft, Keymer, Sussex.

STEPHENS, W. J., L.R.C.P., 41, Grand Parade, Brighton.

Satmon, E. F., 30, Western Road, Hove.

Spone, Rev. A. D., 19, Ventnor Villas, Hove.

STRACHAN, J. H., 37, Medina Villas, Hove.

THomAs, D., 53, King’s Road, Brighton.

TASKER, JAMES, Keymer House, Keymer, Sussex.
THOMAS, J., 21, Old Steine, Brighton.

TUGWELL, THOMAS, 131, Church Road, Hove.

Unsrtuorr, J. C., M.D., F.R.C.S., M.R.C.P., 9, Brunswick Place,
Hove.

Upton, ALFRED, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., Rio Lodge, Brighton.

VERRALL, HENRY, 26, Gloucester Place, Brighton.
VERRALL, HucH J., 18, Buckingham Place, Brighton.

WiteTT, Henry, F.G.S., Arnold House, Montpelier Terrace,
Brighton.
WinTER, J. N., M.R.C.S., 28, Montpelier Road, Brighton.
WALLIS, MarRIAGE, Springfield, Preston.
Woop, J., 21, Old Steine, Brighton.
Woop, W. R., 3, Pavilion Buildings, Brighton.
. Wituiams, H. U., L.L.B., Walsingham Villa, Aldrington,
Sussex.
WALLIs, W. C., 15, Market Street, Brighton.
Woopmay, J., 39, Albany Villas, Hove.
Woon, W. R., Junr., 53, Norfolk Square, Brighton.
WILKINSON, T., 168, North Street, Brighton.
WALKER, T., The Chesuuts Grove Hill Tumbridge Wells.
WELLBYE, Henry.
Woop, FREDERICK, 12, Lewes Crescent, Kemp Town.

32

WesstTer, W., 54, Regency Square, Brighton.

WatrterR, JOHN, 21, York Villas, Brighton.

Wuirttsr, E. G., M.D., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., 65, Dyke Road,
Brighton.

WeLLs, C. A., 45, Springfield Road, Brighton.

WELLS, Isaac, 4, North Street, Brighton.

WiurAms, Dr. M., 61, Church Road, Hove.

Wooprurfr, G. B., 24, Second Avenue, Hove.

HONORARY MEMBERS.
BLOOMFIELD, Rev. E. N., Guestling Rectory, Hastings.
CLARKSON, Rev. G. A., Amberley, Sussex.
CurtTEIS, T., 244, High Holborn, Sussex.
Davis, Dr. W.
JENNER, J. H. A., 4, East Street, Lewes.
LatHaM, Dr. K. G.
LreE Henry, 43, Holland Street, Blackfriars Road, London.
Mirten, W., Hurstpierpoint, Sussex.
PRINCE, C. L., The Observatory, Crowborough, Sussex.
STEVENS, Dr.

LADY SUBSCRIBERS.
BAGLEY, Miss, Windsor College, West Brighton.
HerrinG, Miss, Windsor College, West Brighton. |
Woottams, Mrs. Henry, 84, Avenue Road, Regent’s Park,
V.W.

& JAN 1888

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