St ohare bee Ae a LAP RE OE Ee So ee 3 + ofa, 2? &. s i] ny) ee ik a ee lig a? of) a ie aah ow : ‘ af 4 “ it t "3 ‘ 5’ _ . , ; . but a ‘, t \ Sern ° 4 : - ‘ . f ‘ he “a ‘ 7 ’ at ee ~ aga ae ned = Rockwood & Co,Phat New York eo Wisu ! ca ( > \ REPORT | COMPTROLLER, Department of ) Cyblic Parks. { — eee oe THIRTEENTH ANNUA OF THE \ YL. ¢ ©. bu ) 7 Wer RN oie ; BOARD OF GOMMISSIONERS ith respects of the flepartngn of {Jublic Hank. y PETER B. SWEENY, President. HENRY HILTON, Treasurer. ROBERT JAMES DILLON, Commissioners. THOMAS ©. FIELDS, ANDREW H. GREEN, / NEW YORK: EVENING POST STEAM PRESSES, 41 NASSAU STREET, CcoR. LIBERTY. Ys bf he ¥ Bond of Commissioners of the Central Dark. QPFFICERS AND (omMITTEES. CHARLES H. RUSSELL, ANDREW II. GREEN, J. F. BUTTERWORTH, HENRY G. STEBBINS, WALDO HUTCHINS, R. M. BLATCIFORD, THOMAS C. FIELDS, M. H. GRINN ELL. President. Treasurer and Comptroller. HENRY G. STEBBINS. ANDREW H. GREEN. Vice-President. Secretary. M. H. GRINNELL. THOMAS C. FIELDS. Finance.—Messrs. RussELL, GRINNELL, BUTTERWORTH. Executive—Messrs. BLATCHFORD, GREEN, HUTcHINs, RUSSELL FIELDs. Auditing—Messrs. BLATcUFORD, Fre_ps, BUTTERWORTH, By-Laws and Ordinances.—Messrs. Hvutcnins, Fretps, GREEN, rary: Fountains, and Architectural Sir uUclUres. —Messrs. Rus SELL, BUTTERWORTH, GREEN. Roads and Avenues.—Messrs. BiLatcurorDd, FIELDS, GneeEN, Hvurcnins, BuTTERWORTH. noe Sign maid 4/1 |> of “ee CONTENTS. PAGE Officers, and Committees, . = 3 Z ; ‘ ‘ : ‘ i Annual Report, . : . ‘ : : P : : “ 9 Works outside the Central Park, F . : ; ; é ; “ 63 Topoghaphical Description of the Central Park, : : : : 79 References to the Central Park Guide Map, % . ‘ : F ; 80 Natural History Museum Correspondence, , . : : : $2 Gifts, devises and bequests, : : : : maey ae : eR is 84 Speeimens deposited for exhibition, : anes ony ; . 100 Meteorological Department Report, ; : : ; ny Lol Paper on watering ofroads, . . . . See ; AS, 130 Statement respecting visitors, . : ‘ d ; : . . 139 Columbus Statue correspondence, ~ ; : F 2 : : 146 Humboldt Bust correspondence, ; : : : F ; ~ 1145 Paper relative to Park entrances, . : : : : : : 151 Parade Ground correspondence, ; : ; : : : - «) bs Birds and Animals in captivity. : : : é . F 3 : 172 ILLUSTRATIONS. The Mall, . . Y 3 3 a F : E a 1 Dairy House, : : 10 Plan of Merchants’ Gate, . ; : = : : ; . s 7 12 The Cascade, . a é ¢ : 4 s : % 3 ‘ : 16 Berceau Walk, . - Z ‘ ; : : ‘ ; : ‘ 19 The Camel ’ : : ? F : : i 2 i : : 26 Paleozoic Museum, : é , i 3 : : : : : 28 The Elephant, ‘ : 2 See ; ; =) ane 3 P : 32 Boys’ Play Ground, . . . ramrehy é 3 et : - : 81 Meteorological self See apiietoals - 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116 118, 120, 122 Ty eG EG Et. I, To the Honorable the Common Council of the City of New York: The Board of Commissioners of the Central Park respectfully submits this Report of its transactions for the year ending with the thirty-first day of December, 1869, being its Thirteenth Annual Report. The forces of the Park have been generally engaged in the development on the grounds of plans heretofore adopted, and in maturing the plans for future operations. The Belvedere at the high ground of a central portion of the Park is advanced so that the form of the tower at its south-easterly angle, and the open shelter at its south-west corner, are well defined and readily observ- able ; this structure is designed to afford a prominent place of look-out over the whole extent of the Park, pi 10 and at the same time to present in itself varied, pic- turesque, and attractive features as viewed from different parts of the grounds. The massive foundations of the Merchants’ gate have been nearly completed, and the drives and walks that lead thereto, have been readjusted to the new lines of the arrangement of the open circular place recently laid out at the intersection of Fifty-ninth street, Eighth avenue, and Broadway. The necessary modifications of the planted grounds at this point have also been com- pleted. The House, situated just north of the Play-ground south of Transverse road No. 1, is complete, and is much used by the boys for whose convenience it was erected. The Children’s Cottage is complete, and is also very much used. The Dairy, a rural structure of stone, situate on the | southerly side of Transverse road No. 1, and south-east of the Marble Arch, is well forwarded. It is arranged for the convenient serving of milk and similar refresh- ments, and so that all supplies may be taken into it {rom the Transverse road ; the Children’s Play-ground, well protected by plantations, and the Children’s Shelter are immediately and conveniently accessible from it, and from all the southerly gates of the Park. GENERAL View oF THE DAIRY Olmsted & Vaux, Landscape Architects. Se The ceiling of the Terrace has been laid with encaus- tic tile of varied design, and the decoration of the orna- mental ribs of iron has been finished ; all that remains to complete this ceiling, is the introduction of the glass pancl that is to admit the light upon the statues designed to occupy the central space immediately under it. The old house at the Great Hill, which was rapidly falling into decay, has been newly roofed and put in good order for such useful purpose as the exigencies of the Park administration may require. The laying ont, fertilizing, and planting of the Maze or Labyrinth on the east of the Old Reservoir is com- pleted. This comprises within its inclosure thirty-seven hundred lineal feet of gravel-walk, and twenty-two hundred and fifty trees as borders or sereens to the walk, and is intended to render an attempt to reach its central point, or to find a place of exit, somewhat amusingly intricate and difficult. The trees used are at present about cighteen inches in height. Gardenesque arrangements of this kind are found in many extensive public and private grounds of the Old World, and are designed to form a pleasant incident in a visit to the Park. A fountain has been arranged at the Harlem Lake by which a high jet of water is played whenever the supply in the Reservoir is such as to admit of its use. A portion of the exterior wall of the Park, from Seventy-second to Seventy-ninth street, on the Fifth avenue, has been completed, with the exception of the entrance openings; the wall on this avenue is complete from Fifty-ninth to Seventy-ninth street, and the foun- dation and one faced wall and part of the base course is set from this point to One Hundred and Tenth street. A part of the wall on the Highth avenue, from the Merchants’ gate to Transverse road No. 1, has been removed and rebuilt to meet the change of grade of that avenue. The large stone, 17 feet square, of polished Westerly eranite for the basin of the Terrace fountain has been contracted for, and it is hoped will be in place during the coming season. The bronze figures for this fountain are now in course of casting at Munich. The foundation course for the horse drinking-fountain at the circle is set, and a large portion of the orna- mental stone work is on the ground ready for setting when the weather permits. A movable house has been nearly completed for a SIDE-WALK. ME Os Can AUN TS? G ATE SCENERAL PLAN CALVERT VAUK K vy ACOBwWREY mMoOourLo . ARCHITECTS. ’ 4 ) i . ‘ ’ 5s ' , - 4 13 cover to prevent damage to the music-pavilion by the storms and snows of winter. The movable house erected several years since near the south beach of the Lake, having been put up and taken down for eight successive years, has, by reason of use, become so much worn that it was necessary to supply its place with one more commodious and readily movable each season after the time has passed during which it may be required. The building presents on the Lake a front of three stories, the lower one being used for refreshments and cloak and skate rooms, the intermediate story for refreshments and a look-out upon the Lake, and the upper story for a ladies’ look-out ex- clusively. The whole building is of an extent of 125 feet long by an extreme width of 61 feet: A house for the use of the curlers is in course of erection at the Conservatory Lake, designed in sections, to be erected and removed with each winter season. For the purpose of compacting the bed of new roads, and also the surface of these roads, the Board has imported a steam road-roller weighing about 15 tons. Invitations were sent to prominent mechanics and others interested in this class of machinery, to attend a trial of its propelling and compressing capacity. It was readily propelled from One Hundred and Tenth street up the 14 Great Hill on a grade of 4.61 feet in a hundred, and returned down the Hill without difficulty or apparent stress on the machinery. The roller has been for some months used on the Drive and Circle in compacting the earth and surface road metal. The following minor structures and articles have been provided during the past year: 188 feet rustic seats, made. | 50 feet rustic arbor. ! 1 rustic bridge, 13 feet wide and 35 feet long. 2 rustic bridges, each 11 feet wide and 14 feet long. 400 iron settees, 1,800 lineal feet. 9 cages for animals. 3 boxes for gate keepers. 2 temporary houses for animals, 12x38. 1 temporary shed for Belvedere, 12x100. 1 cover for steam roller, 6x8x13. 1 temporary house for steam roller, 20x25. 1 movable house for steam roller, 16x22. 67 windows trimmed, and storm-door at Museum. 40 fect staircase at Museum, 6 fect wide. 13 water-closets in Museum. 400 feet picket fence at Park gates. 10 swings for children. 4 dirt and grass carts. 10 road scrapers. ‘15 7 ladders. 11 wooden pedestals for statuary. 2 derrick masts. 8 hand-carts. 15 tool-earts. 101 stone boats. 4 blacksmith shops. Fittings for the Meteorological department. 1 portable cottage, 20x52. 150 signs. 1 store-house, 18x50. Bridge to new skate building, 6x60. 100 feet new counters. 188 feet 12-inch drain-pipe laid. 299 feet 8-inch drain-pipe laid. 3 270 feet 4-inch drain-pipe laid. 12 feet Croton pipe laid. 784 feet 1-inch lead pipe laid. 276 feet 2-inch lead pipe laid. 600 feet stone-drain. 11 frames and gates ; basins set. 1 service basin. 5 road basins. 5 walk basins. 4 stop-cock basins. 16 5,954 evergreen trees and shrubs, and 6,568 herba- ceous and bulbous plants, have been planted during the year; of these 3,429, mostly good-sized trees, have been taken from the dense plantations of the Park. THE CASCADE. The following are tabulations of statistics respecting the working force on the Park, and on other works under the charge of the Board, which will be found of interest : 17 ! | / | | H | | | | G te) Shale |r tir oo [ster aeee |e ore ear eae ses i eee aie Oey av a TES ies hese nee eee eerste ee enagaer Cele ee Nee lor eae eae Oe Meee er | ZI | 6G JOE | 9 | 8 J098 |0ZG | OS | T i[rerrrrrcrettsee ete ceeeees soe sr9qTTOAON i a OO We Se SO Sag i 8 I Canto /0 } g T g F & T 1 ERs ies seek lat) GL | G 1é 0S | 6% | TL.| OL (8ST | 9 GB SBS" OFS | ese Tyee ecw cee ceiiesissiesises TAG ere F T bY F g I 1 Sti Reames | (7) GL | & 0% | vy | $6 | TE | 08 |O9E | 9 OL |cOF |SES | 12] T pase? Seite CES, Sica rbe he eae” ier Veracca ac aURNS ELS EL re el aw ca sa All a KC Ue CP g a 4 G ia g I [ eee lw wee g OL (4 cl | OF Ke IL cg es ¢ 6 GSE GLP 6L I SEE SP ie ORS Re A Pe ee ee eae & T ¥ ¥ g I ji eoeeleoes c G ‘4 IL | 6& 0% IL OL (ee 7 6 OFS OLF 61 I cise eielg 9) 5 sides / ais /s!sWeins preisie sini d aisai SE Seat AT, € I € F € I 1 Foul aah ces hie! OL | & 9 9€ | 12 | OT | $9 itt 4 (tj) Bled 61 SAS Fe Aa ed Ca ae et Ree OPO ICID SHE CR III ye g T € F a, Ws ed omen | ae (pt a 6 G -|°°°*| TS | 02 | OF | So ISFL | F 8 SEG OSGalh LGaiilestem is oe sis a a sieieiie:s a.aieleidsn) 8: ) fe) . Ri 2 S g nm i=) . B ~ "69ST 1v0k ot} Jo YJWOU Yoo surmMp parog ey} 0 ISIVYO OY} LoOpUN SYIOA LoyJo pu yavg oy} uo pokoydure oorog oy} SAVp JO AO(UINU UL SUIAOYS ININALVIG J lee tare | [FO PWe sre OT WOmeao FO} BARRY Bout Ms. The rates of wages have in all departments been equal to, and in several have exceeded, those of any year since the commencement of the Park. The total amount expended under the head of construction during the year was $340,265.91. BERCEAU WALK. The following table shows the rates of wages paid by the Board on works under its charge for the past thir- teen years: bo a) THE WORK TO NOVEMBER 1, 1869. onl 7 as TABLE AY PER DAY OF TEN HOURS, FROM THE COMMENCEMENT (0) 7D s-2eooeoeo om sRoconoH . so -esoscscesso mOoD +": = *[ IaquIdAON CS 1SHHHBSCSCAW Hew 2 .: 2 Po AMOMAHAN att: nD =o ~cOooo ono msS O22: = ‘T Tady iS TOBODDOONH ions: 8 E . ay ts Ao aN nmatand ee s. 2 5 : se eooessess en 2: D "I TaqUIOAON D> -CWDBOCAW -OON ss | =) Ba “AsnPataAna ads z ee 32 -22FS2Ees: aT qTudy ID sOINDIDSW + Pm AWN DAD * 3 se: esess: ~ *T JaquisaAoN IO er OR S ae So Ao «NON MAD + = Sir) SSSSss : . ‘T Tady A Bem AMmMmaan se 22SSseq: . a 5 . 3 [ aqureAON, SROs? Saar Ss Bm “ion nmae o gomcesssss baal ‘T Wdy | o ort A OCtS Br BAMNMADA seneesssss ie -] 1oquIeAON, | SAGEANS?S S POADHMMADA = SSRSEGASaS T lady | BraAdninmnmaona ¥ 6a eSsessss : Sore : = : = *T TaquULaAON | SOIC bate eS aes 3S POANRAMOMOn * rio crt =: n ~ooeoeeesoes?® : 1822 :3: = -T judy | SSBaoeDnensd ::O0r 3o | e Pa HAN Aad An 2 oe st * be SSeSessss 5 “ ° -[ 1aquaAON, | aASsSaAnHoSoR : lean RAANMA . seeessess . S ° -T Tady | SBARAGNS : z Pann MAnNAA : Pe Qe oe SSS Es: Seis 7 J 5hc sep “T 1aquUIsAON, | SHpornor ae 2 bie pan AnAAs 2 cece : seeeseeses List tomes . a SenwsenurFocse ::ent;: ‘ros T Tady Meals aie 2 Ban Ande ** yo eerie seeeessss: "2 HeSs -[ LaqUaAON | SBarnoco: A SeSeso PRA Anrndatt: eens ei - . ! isccocerwmrs Sees 3:89 -T Tady io apa re HOOD snr ¥ Pane Ande AAA Ae me > | seeeesEses esessess “[ LaqUIOAON. | fay raK— yo) at aRSSonn AaaerAenes naa Ae = = | tceoscecer wo 1SSSS8 3S “"T judy SSBS6S0 -FhA ss OoSSeo rn = ° Z AAA ANd td RANA A sseesse we -S9sssag “[ JoquUIoAON, | on = 2 aS SSN Parne aA sna ra NaAnaes goseseess: wooe ts = ‘T Indy | raSsHesoens +: SHOor : Pade oAndetin * HAA * sasesesss: 7 OID ID = *T aquIsAON ae 19 O.10 5 2S ee eae Pants oadad st oder SHOWING THE RATE OF P "T Tad 3 Ea sir aie ey BA nONdAG +t Se go ceeesss::: : “7 TaqQULAAON, 519, SEO 18'S Nel : sed ONririri ss: . (vey iS ciel .s 4 : | oe a & eres) ee RS iS) | 2: coe | Ge Gs ere Aeete Somme: 5 3 gM a cya > Se OMG ,.. : saempmenc ariciceclante Re 8 8 Gg 3 tm 22 (OBES Gib: Bey z >>: 7-2 6 fem tw gege (S:Sad ies ES io oe -easomgen Seb So0 °F a ake Aa O88 oP BSG2 25888208 Sn FS SeSSee cake ae gases BOSS ESSE OS aE SSR EH & agRORHORAmEoanRaH 21 There exists in all civilized communities a strong desire to rescue from destruction, and to preserve for future ages, those works of art and skill that justly confer on their authors a fame among men. Growing out of this desire, not only among modern nations but among those of ancient date, great collections have been assembled of statuary, paintings, and other art works that command the admiration of succeeding ages, and compel a respect for the enlightened sentiment that has been instrumental in their preservation. So pervading is this sentiment, and such hold has it upon educated men of all nations, that the conqueror who, even amid the excitements and passions of war, wastes these treas- ures of time, or suffers them to be pillaged, is justly regarded as an enemy to the best interests of our race, and is characterized as such in the pages of history. Under a popular government in which the laws, in effect, compel the distribution of individual accumula- tions of property at brief periods, and in which the transmission of great estates from generation to genera- tion, by entail or other artificial means, is prohibited, the tendency and the disposition is to mass valuable works of art and skill under the management of corpo- rations, or bodies having perpetuity of existence, for the benefit and the use of a wider or more restricted public, as the nature of the collections may demand. 22 In our country, itis only by giving the whole people an interest in these collections that they can be success- fully gathered and preserved through long periods of time. We have, in this country, no dynastic families nor laws of primogeniture, by means of which collections can, as in Europe, be handed over unimpaired to suc- ceeding ages; and many individuals whose wealth and taste, or the necessities of whose studies and business have led them to gather for their own use, or for the enjoyment of their families and friends, galleries of choice and expensive works of art, or valuable collec- tions of books, are, actuated by a high public spirit, in search of some agency through which they can pass over these treasures for the perpetual use and enjoyment of their fellow-men. For these reasons, in no country will collections of this character be so extensive, so val- uable, and so rapidly gathered as in this, if the proper means can be discovered for their preservation and transmission. It is becoming apparent, also, that the more valuable and extensive of these collections should be located in large cities, the centres of population and of business, where people naturally tend, and where conveniences of residence and travel admit of their examination and study. It is equally certain that such collections will not be committed to any custodian that is liable to be influenced and changed by the exigencies of the frequent political conflicts that are generated 23 under our government. That agency only that can give assurance of permanency, of integrity and intelligence, will be entrusted with the guardianship of things that all ages and all cultivated men hold valuable. The more the mind is turned toward the desirability of securing an agency of this character, the greater the difficulties of accomplishing it will appear; and no movement in the direction of the establishment of these collections likely to succeed can be inaugurated until the intricacies of this problem are understood and a working theory established. Impressed by these views, the Commissioners of the Park, in their last report, presented a general outline of a plan by which this great desideratum could, at least in some degree, be attained. Those interested, either from the nature of their occu- pation or for pleasure, in the respective branches of science and art, are to be addressed, and their means combined in the labor of collecting together the class of works that each has most at heart, with the view of depositing them witha custodian whose general province it will be to administer them in perpetuity in the interest of the special science or art illustrated by the collection and for the general instruction and amusement of the whole people. 24 The energies and the means of private contributors being thus devoted to the work of collecting, the adminis- tering power, by public means, furnishes the necessary buildings and structures for preserving, and such special opportunity for study and examination, to persons inter- ested in each department as may be desirable for its advance and growth. The Legislature of the State, at its last session, author- ized the Board ‘‘to erect establish, conduct, and ‘maintain on the Central Park a Meteorological and “ Astronomical Observatory, and a Museum of Natural — “ History and a Gallery of Art, and the buildings ‘therefor, and to provide the necessary instruments, ‘furniture, and equipments for the same.” At a previous session, the Commissioners of the Park were authorized to receive “ any gifts, devises, or bequests ‘that may be made to said Board, upon such trusts and ‘conditions as may be prescribed by the donors or ‘‘ orantors thereof, and agreed to by said Board.” Thus the necessary legislative sanction has been had to put these ideas in motion and in practical operation by an appropriation of funds upon which a commence- ment may be made. In furtherance of this plan.a number of public-spirited gentlemen took measures to obtain, by private contribu- tion, sufficient money to purchase a large collection 25 illustrative of natural history, to be deposited in the Park Museum. A correspondence respecting this movement is given in an appendix. The undertaking having been favor- ably received and responded to by considerable sub- scriptions, the promoters of it organized themselves as the American Museum of Natural History, procured a charter from the Legislature, and, it is understood, have ‘already collected about the sum of $40,000 for the purpose of its organization. The Museum has purchased— First—The entire collection of the late Prince Maxi- millian, known as the Weid Collection, comprising 4,000 Mounted Birds, 600 Mounted Mammals, 2,000 fishes and reptiles. Seconp—Selections from the Verreaux collection at Paris, 2,800 Mounted Birds, 230 Mounted Mammals, 400 Skeletons. r Tuirp—the entire collection of American and Foreign Birds, about 2,500 in number, lately belonging to D. F. Elliott, Esq. Fourta—aA series of 250 Birds of Siberia, purchased from Monsieur Vedray, in Paris. 26 This purchase comprehending in all 12,770 specimens, as follows: Mounted Birdsi i.) . eae ee 9,550 Mounted Mammals.) 2am). si aaa eee 820 Bishes sand. Reptilesz ts ket. eee 2,000 Skelefonsee a 77). Pra. See ee 400 The details of the conditions upon which these collec- tions are to be deposited with the Park Commissioners have not yet been entirely settled, but it is believed — they will be such as to be satisfactory to all the parties concerned, and greatly to the public advantage. It is important that the conditions be carefully devised, to provide for all probable contingencies, to protect the property, to keep alive and extend the interest of the donors, and to serve as a precedent for those interested in other branches of art and science who may be dis- posed to make like arrangements. THE CAMEL. SS ee 27 Additions to the Museum of the Park have been made, a detailed statement of which will be found in the appendix ; among these is the complete skeleton of a whale, the donation of Prrer Coorrr, Esq., which has been carefully set up and is a very interesting feature of the Museum. The Board has not been advised of any progress by the New York Ilistorical Society toward establishing a Museum of Natural History and Gallery of Art, as authorized several years since by an Act of the Legis- lature. Professor B. Waterhouse Hawkins has been engaged in advancing the group of fossil animals more fully alluded to in the last Annual Report. A very wide interest, both in this country and in Europe, has been excited among scientific men by this interesting and novel undertaking. The proceedings of the Commis- sioners of the Park in this matter have been alluded to, commented upon, and commended by scientific journals both at home and abroad, It would be difficult to in- sure too great care in the preservation of the wonderful remains of animal organizations of past times that are from time to time discovered in different parts of the country. There are examples of fossil remains lying in public and private collections of the country, that, in the interest of science, should be utilized and placed 28 where they can readily be got at by those especially interested in this department of inquiry. It is very difficult, except through the offer of a reward in money, to impress upon those who, in excavation, casually come upon fossil remains, the importance of handling them with care : they are often, to them, nothing but old bones, anda stroke of the pick, or a scoop of the shovel may, in an instant, irrecoverably destroy or cast away a fragment that might serve to establish or refute received ideas of the past eras of our globe. The great group of ancient animals formerly living during the secondary geological epoch on the continent of America, now being modeled and restored to the natural size and appearance of the animal as in life, by Mr. Hawkins, for the Central Park, consists of the gigantic Hadrosaurus of the exact dimensions (one twenty-six feet, the other thirty-nine feet, long), as proved by the fossils described by Dr. Joseph Leidy in the ‘Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 192”; also models of ‘'Laelap’s Aquilunguis” fossils, described by Cope, together with the aquatic “ Hlasmos- - aurus and Mosasaraus.” The second division of the croup willillustrate the post-tertiary period, and repre- sents the Mastodon, the Mammoth, Megatherium, Mega- lonyx, Glyptodon, etc., etc., thus uniting the early periods of animal life with the earliest evidence of PALAEOZOIC MUSEUM. SHOWING THE REHABILITATED FORMS OF ANCIENT ANIMAL LIFE IN AME RICA NOW BEING CONSTRUCTED IN CENTRAL PARK. 29 man’s existence, and so constituting a complete visual history of the American continent from the dawn of creation to the present time. The excavations for the structure for this department of the Museum are now going on at a point near the Highth avenue, about one-half way between the Mer- chants’ gate and Transverse road No. 1. The Board has been exceedingly desirous to proceed with the Zoblogical Gardens, both because public ex- pectation looks for some development in this direction, and because of the much-needed accommodations for the growing collection of animals that are now insuffi- ciently and unsatisfactorily housed. As was stated in the reports of the Board several years since, the chief occasion of delay is the want of a proper outlet for the drainage of the ground, and the regulation of the streets and avenues about it. These are still essential re- quisites for proceeding with the work. A sewer has been commenced, which will in part accomplish this desideratum, but it will probably be at least a year before it is fully completed. The avenues and streets that surround these grounds are in such a state as to render them almost impossible of approach, and ex- tensive excavation and filling is now going on in the vicinity. With these difficulties to contend with, over which the Commissioners of the Park have no control, 30 they have done as much work in the last year as seemed ~ practicable. Nearly two-thirds of the foundation wall is, on the west line of the square, complete. The pre- paratory excavation for the habitations of the large group of northern carnivora represented by the genus ursus, or the Bears, with their allied genera, has been made at the southwest angle of the Zodlogical grounds. At this point are also commenced the accommodations for the Polar Bears, the Walrus, Seals, Sea Lions, ete., specimens of cetaceous, and also for the aquatic rodents, such as Capybare, Beaver, ete. In these, as in all other habitations for the animals of the Gardens, every arrange- ment that will conduce to their healthfulness, and to the facility and convenience of observing them, will be provided, and it is hoped that in the outset the knowl- edge of the needs of various classes of animals may be so thorough, and the skill in utilizing this knowledge for the purposes required may be so marked and suc- cessful, as to avoid much of the expensive alterations and changes in plan, that have characterized during the last half century the experiences of most of the Euro- . pean gardens, and that by the time these habitations are ready for occupancy, some of the ways of approach to the Gardens may be passable. Some progress has also been made in the preparation of designs and models for the houses for tropical carnivora, and each class of 31 animals, in the order of its relative importance, will be located and properly housed and provided for. x, R DS i meee Bulkhead ef ») ai NS valle — ALINIUL ER sal) Sie SZ, : camp A | | ar: ~S es ES tP4 Yew, Balkh oad UMAR =". fe ' “a fj (DTK SMELT TPR AE OTR ARIRUR CET (DR RD YCDIRI ye ' NII AP (DR TRUE CUTS (DLE NEY YCDIR IEC Explanation Ttoad ways and paths are shown wy Jive dotted lines. No ) hyper th oy, Aya North of 155% Street Fence walls are shown in fine solid Lines. Other fences are si infeavy dotted Lines, Showing PO Sres i ‘ ; : ; Fi 1d the progres made in laying out Streets, Roads, Public Squares and Dwellings are shown in solid black aces, by the © is sOt 1 . =n = - ualdings are i black by the Commiss@oners ofthe Central Park,under Chap.565 of Laws of Quen anna SEO ee nail prior lo Dee! 1805 ler ‘foregoing istaken Jv yay or lo Dee ; es nd colar 1865 ¢ Pnew Pier ¢ , cS 19 and of new Pier arffid Bulkhead lines under Chap. 697 of Laws of 1867 The Streets and Hoads laid.out by the Commissioners of'the Central Tinks are shiner hy red lin ante Bt Oey The Public Squares and Places laid out hy them ar colori given. January 171870, The new Pierand Bucthhead tines laid out by then are indicated tos words and lines in red col: PMinjors hiv bee MEE 1. Co 1 Brneschway NY a pursuance of Chapter 565 of Laws of 1865, in that part of the city between One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street and Inwood street, and in the month of May caused three similar maps, showing the streets and roads so laid out, as well as those laid out in previous years by them, and the grades established for them, to be filed as provided by law; suitable and durable monuments have been erected to designate them where deemed necessary. Since the filing of the above-mentioned maps, the Board has laid out between thirteen and fourteen miles of streets in the part of the city north of Inwood street, and the continuation thereof to the Harlem river, and the setting of the monuments to designate them is in progress, as also are the maps showing the grades for them. Probably more than seven-eighths of all the needed laying out of public streets, roads, and- places north of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street have been determined on, and the work necessary for making and filing the final maps is now in progress. The Eleventh avenue, from the road or public drive, near One Hundred and Fifty-sixth street to the street leading from Inwood street to the Harlem river, has been ordered to be opened, and the Supreme Court appointed James M.Sweeny, Henry A. Smith, and Emanuel B. Hart, 72 Commissioners for that purpose, on the third day of November, 1869. The Commissioners appointed by the Supreme Court in the year 1868, to assess the damage and benefit by opening the square or public place around the new Croton Reservoir near High Bridge, have made their report, and it was confirmed by the Supreme Court on the eighteenth day of October last, and the twenty-first day of the same month was appointed for the actual op2ning thereof to take place. The cost of this land was $483,622, of which $323,463 is to be paid by the city, and $160,159 was assessed on property benefited. During the last session of the Legislature a bill was passed by the Senate and Assembly discontinuing the part of the road or public drive heretofore laid out by the Board between One Hundred and Fifty-sixth street and the lands of the Institution for the Blind, and substi- tuting another route for it between those points ; the bill, however, failed to become a law, having been vetoed by the Governor, after consideration of the subject by him, at the request of many of the owners of property inter- ested in the lands fronting on the original route, as laid out by the Board. WEST SIDE. Under authority of Chapter 697 of Laws of 1867, the Board has, at the request of the owners of property, 73 ordered proceedings to be taken to acquire title to the following streets laid out and retained under said Chapter: One Hundred and Fifty-third street, from Tenth avenue to Hudson river; One Hundred and Twenty- fifth street, from Ninth avenue to road or public drive ; One Hundred and Fortieth street, from 350 feet east of Tenth avenue to Hudson river ; One Hundred and Tenth street, west of the Eighth avenue. PUBLIC SQUARE, FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE. The public place between Fifty-eighth street and Fifty- ninth street, on west side of Fifth avenue, having been acquired for public use by the confirmation by the Supreme Court of the report of the Commissioners of Hstimate and Assessment, on the twenty-ninth day of May, 1869, the Board has caused the same to be filled in, preparatory to finally regulating and grading the same. The total valuation of this land was $533,530.50, of which $364,360 was assessed on property benefited, and the remainder on the city. By Chapter 689 of Laws of 1869, the triangular piece of ground bounded by the road or public drive, Sixty- third street and Ninth avenue, is declared to be a public place, the same as if laid out in pursuance of Chapter 697 of the Laws of 1867; and at the request of owners v4 interested in surrounding property, the Board, in June last, directed that proceedings should be taken for acquir- ing title to the land required for the same, but they have not yet been informed of the appointment of the Com- missioners of Estimate and Assessment by the Supreme Court. BROADWAY WIDENING AND STRAIGHTENING, BETWEEN THIRTY-SECOND STREET AND FIFTY-NINTH STREET. By Chapter 890 of the Laws of 1869, the Legislature devolved upon the Board the duty of laying out, locating, and establishing the easterly and westerly lines of Broad- way, between Thirty-fourth and Fifty-ninth streets, so as to make the same the width of one hundred feet, and also to straighten the same wherever practicable ; but that ‘no part of either the easterly or westerly lines, as so located and established, shall be more than one hundred feet from the street as now laid out and established,” and also ‘‘to make that part of Broadway between Thirty- second street and Thirty-fifth street, and that part between Forty-second street and Forty-seventh street, or any part or parts of either of the said parts of a greater width or widths than one hundred feet,” and required that the work assigned to the Board should be performed within four months after the passage of the Act. The lines for the widening and straightening were determined on by the Board, and maps and descriptions and io showing them, were filed as required by law in Septem- ber last, thus completing the duties of the Board in this matter. Commissioners of Estimate and Assessment, it is understood, have since then been appointed by the Supreme Court to assess the benefit and damage by such improvement. WESTCHESTER COUNTY. By an Act of the Legislature, passed May 11, 1869, the Board was authorized and required to cause all that part of Westchester county lying west of the New York, Harlem, and Albany Railroad, and south of the south line of the village of Yonkers, to be surveyed, and to report to the Legislature plans for laying out streets and roads in that district, and proper grades for the same ; and also for its sewerage and drainage, and supply of pure and wholesome water; the improvement of the Harlem river and Spuyten Duyvil creek, and the plan and location of all bridges, tunnels, and other means of transit over and across said river and creek; likewise the consideration of the question of locating a bridge or carriage-way over or across the High Bridge of the Croton Aqueduct. 76 In fulfillment of the duty thus prescribed, the Board has commenced and is rapidly progressing with surveys over about three-fourths of the territory included in the terms of the law. It is intended that these surveys shall be comprehensive, accurate, and in sufficient detail to serve asa reliable basis for all future work of a material character required within this territory. A careful examination of the sufficiency of the existing High Bridge to sustain a carrriage-way over it has been made, and also a preliminary examination of the sources of water supply that are to be relied on for the lower part of Westchester county. Under the provisions of the law the sum of $10,000 was certified by the Board to the Supervisors of ‘the county of New York as necessary to be raised in the city of New York toward defraying the expenses of sur- veys, etc., in relation to bridges, tunnels, and other improvements across and in the Harlem river and Spuy- ten Duyvil creek, and such sum has been received by ~ the Board from the Comptroller of this city. The sum of $20,000 was also, and by the same authority, certified to the Supervisors of Westchester county as necessary to be raised in that county toward defraying the expenses of surveys, etc., in that county, 77 and has been included in the taxes there, and it is under- stood to be in course of collection, but nothing has yet been received on account of it. By Chapter 706 of Laws of 1867, the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad Company were authorized to construct a railroad across the northerly end of the island of New York, “‘upon a line to be approved by the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park.” The Company, after deliberation, decided to confine the location of the line of their road principally to the Westchester side of Spuyten Duyvil creek and the Harlem river ; a small portion of it, however, was located in the county of New York, between low-water mark and the bulkhead line on the Westchester side of Spuyten Duyvil creek ; and, on application of the Company, this portion of the line of the location was approved by the Board on the seventh day of September last. An application is now before the Board for the appro- val of the location of that portion of the line of this road lying within Westchester county, between the Hudson River Railroad at Spuyten Duyvil creek and the New York, Harlem and Albany Railroad, and is now under advisement. Accompanying this report will be found, in the Treas- urer’s accounts, a detailed statement of the receipts and 78 expenditures of the Board for the year 1869, together with a table showing a distribution of these expenditures under appropriate heads. Dated New York, December 31, 1869. HENRY G. STEBBINS, President of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park. ANDREW H. GREEN, Comptroller of the Park. THOMAS C. FIELDS, Secretary. CHARLES H. RUSSELL, J. F. BUTTERWORTH, / Commissioners M. H. GRINNELL, of the W. HUTCHINS, Central Park. R. M. BLATCHFORD, SUMMARY OF THE TREASURER’S ACCOUNTS, Construction Account. Malance on hand DecGmber’ G1, 1868. cc. «nie cwn ae cas sepine scene secssincscsiswacic mae ae The total receipts for the year ending December 13, 1868, are as follows : From issue of stock by the City of New York...........+0.0005 $325,000 00 Interest om deposits in Bank of Commerce.........e.eeeeeeeess 845 64 By balance transferred from ‘public square,’ Fifty-ninth Street AMG HPGh AVENUE. . 066. ascetic cc acansecresienscccvcns 11,063 45 The total expenditures for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Salaries and compensation of officers and clerks........... eee. $18,846 00 Surveys, engineers, architects, draughtsmen, etc.......... sacce , 1,289 £7 Salaries of gardening department...............-e ee eeee Serer es 1,615 88 Materials of construction and tools.............ceeeecece recess 98,615 94 Stationery, printing, advertising, drawing materials, etc....... 4,986 18 MELCES ANG plants. Jj. ass .sm ae ccesscesee Peep tets c-n0 6.0 @msice sepia occ ore aise e's siweie melee 1,231 55 ee PUSITE HALO LOLs OL ATO MEE REGO! . ccic.c'cce.c saicies Snes eiacv ec se ces neice Saisieintelste 79 35 a from sale of trees and plants............. ee Seni mataletateintene eters ciniele aint 1,105 00 ae POHL SAAS WAM ROE LOM TMUGIC sc. ccc cccels cewnccduwsccescaees isi vacreacte 1,870 00 + from licenses to hire skates and boats.......... Ra maia ela Meiefetelsiotalaiatalmtctetetetaicrn’e 1,000 ‘06 ‘s POI VAN OL NGUHE ON PUM sacslecause ences crloccle cesses csccceeldpave es 387 50 ae for removing broken vehicles........... es afraluisicietereterelutatelctersya(aiv’e (ele lafeteta’stsie = 93 50 By balance 4ransferred from Avenue St. Nicbolas...........- emoralataiesiaioaietn erarevaias ei 22,767 83 $281,250 59 Museum and Observatory. Recoived from the City of New York, for maintenance of a Metcorological and Astronomical Observatory, Museum of Natural History, and Gallery of Art, for the year ending December 31, 1869. ... 0. ..c cers cencesccscccccas Stidlalayeins 'c' Shateielepaietsty:> $20,000 08 ‘The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : OS Oe natal Stutttcie carer se'stat ers aerators bass ccarae myere a6, 6 $2,354 5k Meteorological Observatory........ Rect alesis rae co eti=ee Sapo ee 2/849 09 Bp FOL CAVE so cis cieiea vias.0 oe vonr o\0 0070 Sera) Siar Biel Glarsisintelels soe iar sifalioare 629 47 PECRLOMN CSUUCE ANIMAlD. 66 .50sc ces cwe we sccweccsccesecs seonce 6,985 89 12,818 99 Balance on hand December 31, 1869..........cccccecoserssss-ceve eoee $7,181 O1 Island above One Hundred and Fi/ty-fifth Strect and Public Drive. (Chap. 565 of the Laws of 1865.) Balance on hand December 3], 1868......... etait sae scaone se O04 S oiete sioretuierctaleetcieis $8,801 10 Re-transferred from maintenance, 1868.......... EEO U OC OASE EON Siaiwiaie aieie/elerere 5,442 94 Whe payments on this account for the year ending Daosinbey 31, 1869, are as follows : BUTVOVSs, MAPS ClO K5... cc sc ctw eece afeia ole mea ttcrtace eieiciaieic totes cteleicve $6,948 15 Stationery, printing, and drawing materials..............000008 581 28 Incidental expenses.,..... Nie BA NAG 4 Cone crebines SA SOCIO SOS haya ofe 230 00 a 7,759 43 Balance on hand December 31, 1860.......... ass Selec attecetesireieye wee $6,484 61 West Side Improvement. (Chap. 550 of the Laws of 1866, and Chap. 697 of the Laws of 1869.) Balance on hand December 31, 1868..... nal ola ote eapeaiaicretchicre tiee time we.s'e'e eidee'cietie be POIOEL aa The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as Follows: Surveys and draughting.......... abe ein ote's ear’ elstard itaratelatslwnteta’s evs S'ersl ca! | s/aala'e sles 398 94 Balance on hand December 81, 1859............+ darclinfa oilecac(er9 searetel aaa). Ore $2,922 34 Claims against old Commissioners for Laying Out the City north of One Hundred anl Fiftyifth Street. Balance on hand December 31, 1868.......... 2 sce cree Cece e eee tent ee ece en enee $7,038 32 No payments have been made on this account duiing the year 18C9. Seventh Avenue. Balance on hand December 31, 1868.........--- eee ee eee ee eee ee eee cee e eee eees $10,850 57 Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading Seventh Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 1869.......--. ++. --0 ee cece ee cere erect cece 200,000 CO $210,890 57 The payments on this account during the year ending Decembcr 31, 1869, are as follows : J. H. Sullivan & Co., contractors, regulating and grading....... $151.947 00 Thomas Crimmins, contractor, regulating and grading,........ 25,882 50 Surveys, maps, etc........... amie Rie ralen ererercietelatererietata eats svenetei ate 1,438 42 Stationery and printing. ....... 2... ee eee ee cee eee eee ee ences 268 21 TRG AiG ereGuc so. 4# eS Hebs aaecbanaudoooansoaccDesoocEaeoTdad 48 84 nicidental @xpeRSeSs'\ az cia @ [ale ae i=e/etasiol ssl oiajeral eV cieieatriele)nrelatevei=tat= 230 C0 —_——_—— _ 179.814 97 Balance Omband WECemMbEEM OL. LSE amr. mie ae =< =i elain/e olalnlelmlalnlaitotelaieleieinlens $31,075 60 Sixth Avenue. Balance on hand December 31, 1868... ... 0. eee cc cc cece es cee cers cesses er sseres $10,337 86 Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading Sixth Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 1869..........-2.2--- cece cceeeee ec eeeseees 75,000 CO $85,337 86 The payments on this account during the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : J. H. Sullivan and Co., contractors, regulating and grading... $27,000 00 Thomas Crimmins, contractor, regulating and grading......... 4,702 23 Thomas Fealey, contractor, regulating and grading.....,...... 3,600 05 Labor account, amount paid laborers, teams. carts, &c......... 39,201 22 PILEV CVS AE WOT AUP NENEI Eo 27 in \alc ala: ofalnlaite vscinin gia mtateaisle(sinlore/aicleieielettiata 1,384 05 PROS ATI TIP LECT TALS orofe 2)~ mie ole olutere aicieletoiniat olel ete eistoinelererenetetaicicisiatete 312 96 Stationery and printing... cece sa cise snes oe steageganonse.cons 134 10 FA CIACTUACSPETSES)s raise ooiain sveie iets = aiovelelecieteieie secs acs iainis sieeaisiesetetete 230 00 —— obs Balance on hand December 31, 1869. ... 2.2... .0c0cecccesesccccscccece $8,773 30 Mount Morris Square. Balance on hand December 31, 1868. ....... 0.2. rc. ccc c+ sccncesacucenesscvetsssiee $ 503 43 Received from the City of New York, for improvement of Mount Morris Square, during the year ending December 31, 1869............. Glolaintersiaiaiata iain ois ethel are 15,000 00 _By balance transferred from ‘ public square,’’ Fifty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, 444 31 $15,947 74 c The payments on this account fur the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Labor account, amount p2id laborezs, carts, ctc.........+. ae arate $10,917 76 Surveys, draughting, Che... .. eee vecncccceccccsecscvesssssccee 494 02 EMBL THALATIMG Ais cinlaa e's s 0 vecievevcbconaccdecsacnvccaweescies 998 84 UPSET’ IATL wea Cciclavelp ds a's» aic-cives scence ne sece aeeenatna pics 1,105 00 PATIBER Dory oie Kate clare ates a bord Noam maw asa UO viaele Siejes leet ain's sim 31 25 SEIU ALI IADOL Ut GEOG DE a icc ccc culvctclewelarssitnyencc acieae's 2,394 67 SEMEL TIC) PANETT firs a aio, = aincuc ae tawe atielsiet OW rvleimcicinine's 6 20 15,947 T4 Circle, Fifty-ninth Strect and Eighth Avenue. PEE aATICL DECOMDED 31, 1868... wc eco wecses coos encews scence cccscnseusenes $2,526 36 Received from the City of New York, for regulating, grading, sewering, etc., the Circle, Fifty-ninth Sireet and Eighth Avenue, during the year ending SERED T EMPLEO oral aly Gs.x~ 10! wile! cic ea sis (nis, morsrsis'h [s)inleva.< 0% we s\wierwle w.Galeiae 8 alt sle)p ia.e a/e'a 20,000 UO $22,526 36 “ The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Labor account, amount paid laborers, carts, etc.............66. $15,435 25 MaAtErIAIs Of CONSITUCTION ANG TOOIS.....0.c.ececsssvecvessccsees 6,239 76 SUMMERS GAUIHATONS POLS 2 os olor gic cie)0 = nid’n Die ce wie ct'6's o's stnew's Sess o's 724 30 IOHOSY o 0s 2c cece cce ser Braleietare oicateietwtatevavcterntarctatnya’sialatnictsiatatarstcls’s ak 10 22 Pe EE LEON ciwinis'olals i molelesim ofa vic. a vddsieieaieten\n as close ec ccjmceie 90 00 —_ ——s- 22.499 53 Balance ow hand December 31; 1869 \.:....ccc0 0 sos sec ostiaws ne'ea eucamncs $26 83 Road or Public Drive. Pmeneeion hand December Sl, 18GB... . 602s nn50njoneeansiceecsascnciees secace ees $1,680 15 Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading the ‘‘ Road or Public Drive,’’ during the year ending December 31, 1869..........eeeesseeeees 600,000 00 Raceived from sale of fences on line of public drive............cceecsecceecceecs 1,380 68 Received from sale of brushwood on line of public drive.............ceceee cece 62 00 Received from sale of wall on line of public drive.............e.008 aralyies dateens clets 90 95 Received from sale of trees and gate on line of public drive...... SiSiacceraciersl ataieleinies 241 00 Received from sate of chureh seats on line of public drive..........0.c cece eee 63 00 $603,467 78 The expenditures on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Labor account, amount paid laborers, rockmen, cartmen, teams, etc..... Riptetalescta'a! crethie ssa, cic acvietd eintelec ot alote era's wink ale aseisioce.s $560,233 86 Materials of construction and tools...........cccccccccceccsers 34,487 48 HUrVeys, Estimates, GtC........s0cevaccee niviaie\n (elafe's siecar d;salelavajatelao¥s ' §,058 42 Stationery, printing, and books of account...............-2200- 681 03 Incidental expenses...... Rae etg wwe Swale hi Rialefand Cslsievnir hue 'ais mwa a0'e 766 85 ———_ 601,227 b+ ‘ Balance on hand December 31, 1869................ Wa enecr preci aineins .. $2,240 14 St Nicholas Avenue. (Chap. 367 of the Laws of 1866.) Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading St. Nicholas Avenue, during the year ending December 31, 1869........... Boooasanosso90s50% $25,000 06 Whe payments on this account fer the were ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Surveys and draughting .................s++s0~ DoosadAS AOD Doe $804 55 Tools and materials...... 2.2.2. .-s0 cease cesses sasaocos Jasseod 51 53 Stationery and drawing materials.............+ 2.0 sccecceeeeees 6 40 —— -—_-_ 862 48 ——— Balance on hand December’ 31, 1869... 2... cea ccc c cc ow ec ence cownvee Potslon pe ——__—__—__= Ninth Avenue. "Balance on hand December 31, 1868......-cc0 00 cece cea secs ecrsceseveccseses 910,000 00 No payments have been made on this account during the year 1869. Public Square, Fifty-vinth Street and Fifth Avenue. Received from the City of New York, for regulating and grading the ‘ public square,” Fifty-ninth street and Fifth Avenue, during the year ending December HL, TED). con oconosna co cson cancun ada goDCOnU Bon DSOsaDa oO oGObS eo nosOncBO ONE soNSAatos $15,000 06 ieceivedtrompsale oto) cutout dine si) yereters ole arelete t= -leystelal=\=) ale’ «later -ieieleteietelsinieslerersteteeietetet= ; 173 50 $15,173 50 ‘The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : Labor, amount paid to laborers, carts, etc...........sessseseeeee $1,145 02 Surveys and draughting. 2... 22... cee ccc c ccc e een weneneee 63 87 J.J. Yates, contractor, filling........0.0-.sccscec cece ccessencees 1,200 00 ‘Tools and materials... 12. .ccccccencesscencre ors SWooanodds0sg 96 203 8% ‘Stationery and tinting scobasaeooncsoDooutsIeoGes se oosoapoaoced 85 60 FATT CHIOME CLAS! LEC Sielereceaiwiatalelafaletolsl Harlem River and Spuyten Duyvil Creck Improvement, Received from the city of New York, for improvement of Harlem river'and Spuy- ten Duyvil creek, during the year ending December 31, 1869.0... 0.0... .0eee eee $10,000 08 The payments on this account for the year ending December 31, 1869, are as follows : TUMER ESI OMe SEEED oo lcln’sicrele's (sibs. cs sJolo"eleis'0 meat ihe wut aretaisy a a shevsin a fee piaiai eine she Siaia'eleyace 34 75: Balance on hand December 3F, I869..........-seceecerenese Ske oles eal beta @ $9,965 25 Recapitulation. Balance on hand December 31, 1869, ‘ Island above One Ilundred aad Fifty-fifth ea NEEUENCA Ee STLIITON SITE CES Cc c)cra cic oveie' o/ntei vit o'e/aleiets cisisie am > 79 Topographical Description of the Central Park, by Areas of Surface, &c., January 1, 1868. Length of Park, from 59th to 110th streets.................. 18,507 ft. 9-4; in. Breadth “ UPL BUR UO! SU AVENUGS icinroc\ oes «soles tw ints 2718) © 65“ REIL SES ese a s,s: ox nose ah oe vines hia dna eae’ Be isis 843.485 acres. “ “ Ground known as Manhattan Square.......... 18.3485 | Elevation | 862.7%%5 acres. Acres. of water above tide. ° ‘ Feet Area, exterior to inclosure, 59th street and 110th street, Broad Walks. ....... 8.288] 2.2... Do. occupied by four Transverse Roads. O Toile eteccane Do. £ by new Croton Reservoir. .| 106.4%35,| 115.20 ete g Do. ae by old Reservoir......... 85.7] 115.20 154.7000 < within i = The Mager Reory Hf MI Lh in Fee 82 APPENDIX A. New York, December 30, 1868. Commissioners of the Central Park : Dzar Strs,—A number of gentlemen having long desired that a great museum of natural history should be established in the Central Park, and having now the opportunity of securing a large and very valuable collection as a nucleus of such museum, the undersigned wish to inquire if you are dis- posed to provide for its reception and development. John David Wolfe, Robert Colgate, J. N. Phelps, Levi P. Morton, W. A. Haines, J. Pierpont Morgan, A. G. Phelps Dodge, D. Jackson Steward, Howard Potter, James Brown, Alexander T. Stewart, Benjamin H. Field, Adrian Iselin, Robert L. Stuart, Marshall O. Roberts, Theodore Roosevelt, George Bliss, Morris K. Jessup, William T. Blodgett. OFFICE OF THE BoarD OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE CENTRAL Park, Bank oF Commerce Buriipine, 31 Nassau Sr., New York, January 13, 1869. GENTLEMEN,—The Commissioners of the Central Park have received your communication, in which inquiry is made if they are disposed to provide for the reception and development of a large and valuable collection as a nucleus of a museum of natural history. The Commissioners, appreciating the views you so kindly express, entirely concur in the desirability of the establish- 83 ment of a museum in the Park that shall become an aid to the great educational system of the city, concentrate and develop scientific efforts in all departments of natural history, and, at the same time, be an instructive and acceptable resort for the people of the city, and for the throngs of strangers that visit it. The Commissioners of the Park will very gladly receive the collection to which you allude, and will use their best exertions toward the establishment of a museum of natural history of an extent and-excellence in all its departments that will be credit- able to the city, and in their efforts toward the development of such an institution, the Commissioners of the Park will highly esteem ycur valuable co-operation. I am, gentlemen, With great respect, ANDREW H. GREEN, Comptroller Central Park. To Messrs. John David Wolfe, Robert Colgate, James Brown, Alexander T. Stewart, Benjamin H. Field, J. N. Phelps, Adrian Iselin, Levi P. Morton, Robert L. Stuart, W. A. Haines, Marshall O. Roberts, Theodore Roosevelt, George Bliss, Morris K. Jessup, J. Pierpont Morgan, A. G. Phelps Dodge, D. Jackson Steward, Howard Potter, William T. Blodgett. 84 APPENDIX B. Statement in detail of the gifts, devises and bequests during the past year, for the purpose of embellishing or orna- menting the Park, and of the names of the persons by whom the same are so given, devised or bequeathed. 1869. Miscellaneous. Jan. 4. Jourdan, Capt. John, Mar. 10. Mar. 21. April 14. April 16. April 27. May 29. June 10. New York City, 1 piece Coral. ° Cooper, Peter, | New York City, Skeleton of a Fin-back Whale. Kappelhoff, J. H., New York City, 2 cases of Prepared Birds. Lowery, Mrs. John, New York City, 1 lot of Syrian and Egyptian Curiosities. Raymond, Mrs. Henry J., New York City, Iron Railing and Base. Westcott, Com. Bayse N., US. N., Jaws of a Shark. ~ Warren, Sylvanus, New York City, 2 Spears taken from Fort Wagner, S. C. 1 Cartridge Box. 1 Whitworth Rifle Shell. Olds, David S., New York City, 1 piece of Rebel Currency. 1869. June June July July Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Dec. Dec. 20. 13. 14. 27. 27. 85 Himmelmann, Casper, New York City, 1 specimen—Singular Formation of Sand. Warren, Sylvanus, New York City, Backbone of a Shark. Funke, Henry, 1 Sun Dial. Ryder Jesse, Sing-Sing, Westchester Co. 2 Cattle Tedders. Bread made from the Root of the Succi Tree. Van Nort, George M., New York City, Peculiar Formation of the Root of a Spruce Tree. Serrano, Juan E., New York City, 1 Bird’s Nest; one Prepared Specimen— Night-Hawk ; 4 Specimens of Minerals. Battelle, Lewis F., Copy of Boston Gazette, 1770. Kunze, Dr. R. E., New York City, 3 jars Specimens of Snakes. Nelson, Capt. H., 1 Specimen in aleohol—Flying Fish. Rader, William R., and John Peterman, New York City, 1 piece Petrified Wood. Hession, Master John, New York City, Canine Tooth of a Walrus. 1869. Jan. 143 March 19. April 6. April 14. April 23. May 15. May 19. Sept. 1. Sept. 29. Sept. 29. 86 Botanical. Holmes, D., New York City, 7 packages Seeds. Robinson, H. W., New York City, 1 package of Seeds. Staples, Cyrus E., New York City, 1 Tree—Adam’s Needle— Yucca aloefolia. Capron, Hon. Horace, Commissioner of Agricul- ture, Washington, D. C., 152 varieties Vegetable Seeds; 20 varieties Flower Seeds. Capron, Hon. Horace, Washington, D. C., 215 packages Seeds of Hardy Trees and Shrubs. Green, Dr. Samuel F., Ceylon, India, 5 packages Seeds from India. Such, George, South Amboy, N. J., 90 Cannas—3 vArieties. Collins, Capt. N., Pasa: 5 African Plants. Bancroft, William §., New York City, 1 Oleander—WMericum oleander. Long, Jacob, M., New York City, 1 Bannana Tree—--Muza cavandishi. 1869. Oct. Nov. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. 14. 22. on 20. 21. 23. 24. 26. 87 Rittler, Dr. A. W., Hoboken, N. J., 1 Plant, foot of the Elephant—Tamus elephan- tis—Herbarium of 107 Specimens of Algw. One collection South American Seeds. Animals. Guiterman, Master Samuel, New York City, 1 Deer (D). Ramson, John, New York City, 1 Fowl. Dexter, N., Providence, R. I., 1 Bald Eagle; one Colored Peccary. Trouton, Master Charles, New York City, 1 pair Rabbits. Henry, Professor Joseph, Washington, D. C., 2 Rheas (1 D). Roome, James H.., New York City, 1 English Blackbird. Cornell, A. B., Ithaca, N. Y., 1 Bald Eagle. Norton, Hon. Michael, New York City, 1 Fowl (D). Macgowan, Dr. D. J., Shanghai, China, 2 Chinese Fowls. 88 1869. Feb. 13. Cornell, Master George W., z New York City, 5 Ferrets. Feb. 14. Williams, H. H., . New York City, 1 Hawk. Feb. 16. Gorcy, Francis, New York City, 1 Esquimaux Dog. Feb. 20. Turner, D. A., Williamsburegh, L. iP 1 Raccoon. Feb. 25. Brown, C. S., New York City, 1 Canadian Porcupine (D). Feb. 27. Hays, William J., New York City, 12 Common Quails. Mar. 2. Haeger, H. G., New York City, 2 pair Rabbits. March 18. Talcott, Mrs. James, New York City, 1 Purple Gallinule. March 25. Ward, Andrew, New York City, 25 White Mice (D). March 30. Hays, William J., New York City, 12 Common Quails. April 3. Dovale, Abram J., New York City, 3 Bronze Guans. 89 1869. April 9. Wood, Peter, New York City, 1 Loon or Great Northern Diver (D). April 13. Barter, Miss Johannah, New York City, 1 Rabbit. April 13. Hackett, Mrs. John B., New York City, 1 Horned Toad. April 13. Lambert, Master James, New York City, 1 Indigo Bird; 1 Fowl. April 17. Arent, Anthony, New York City, 1 pair Common Quail. April 19. Savage Robert J., New York City, 1 Raccoon. April 19. Lynes, George, Catskill, N. Y., 1 Goshawk (D). April 23. Brown, Capt. William, R. N. R., Ship City of Sydney, 1 Zebu. April 28. Pollopolian Association, New York City, L Deer (D). April 25. Conklin, William A., New York City, 1 Mavis. April 27. Nixon, Miss Annabella, New York City, 1 West India Parrot. 1869. April April April May May 27. 28. 28. 29. alte 3. 20. 24. 90 Gansevoort, Bt. Lt.-Col. H.S., WS2A 1 Bald Eagle. Lambert, Master James, New York City, 1 Horned Owl. Figyelmesy, Col. Philip, U. S. Consul, Demerara, 1 Puma; 1 Culminated Toucan (D); 1 Toco Toucan ; 2 Black Spider Monkeys (D). Heinkle, George W.., New York City, 2 young Alligators. Harrison, C. E., Carrolton, Ky., 1 Golden Eagle. Maclachlan, D. W., New York City, 1 Mexican Deer. Pennington, Captain L. W., South Bergen, N. J., 1 Raccoon. Ruffini, Frederick A., New York City, 1 Gray Fox (D). Molloy, Hon. Thomas N., U.S. Consul, St. Johns, Newfoundland, 1 Common Seal (D). Andrews, M. Angelo, New York City, 1 Coati. Reed, Captain R. W., 3 Schooner “C. H. Kelly,” 1 Bald Eagle. 1869. May May May May May June June June June June June 24, 26. 27. 28. 31. 91 Thompson, G. W., New Brunswick, N. J., 1 Opossum and young (D). ‘Nelson, Capt. Horatio, S. S. Cortes, 1 Frigate or Man-of-War Bird (D). Crane, T. T., Hackensack, N.J., 1 Deer. Stuart, William, New York City, 2 Bald Eagles. Luis, A. O., New York City, 1 White-faced Monkey. Vail, Eden, Rahway, N.J., 1 Horned Owl. - Dinsmore, W. B., New York City, 2 Fowls (hybrids). Webster, Master Lee, New York City, 1 Opossum (D). O’Brien, John, New York City, 1 Angora Cat. Hawkins, Professor B. Waterhouse, New York City, 2 King Crabs (D). Conklin, William A., New York City, 1 Crocodile. 92 1869. June 5. Daulte, Frank, New York City, 1 Young Alligator (D). June 6. Uhlenhaut, Fritz, New York City, _ 1 Speckled Tortoise (D). June 7%. Jackson, E. W., New York City, 1 Woodchuck. June 12. Connier, T. & G., New York City, 2 Young Wild-Cats (D). June 12. Holtje, John, tee New York City, 1 Red Fox. June 12. Dolson & Birdon, New York City, 1 Young Alligator. June 13. Keeler, F. A., . New York City, 1 Gray Squirrel. June 16. Slattery, Mrs. Margaret, New York City, 1 Pair Pigeons. June 16. Girard, J. P., Jr., Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 3 Pea-fowls. June 17. Adams, Rey. C.C., New York City, 1 Shepherd’s Dog. June 17. Beaudouin, Louis, New York City, 1 Red Fox. 1869. June June June Tone June July July July July July 19. 21. 24. 28. 10. 10. 10. 93 Girard, J. P., Jr., 1 Peacock. Deweese, Hon. John T., 1 Black Bear. Saltzman, A.., 1 Deer. Benton, Richard H., 1 Horned Owl. Day, Professor E. C. H., 1 Garter Snake. Foote, Dr. Edward B., 2 Young Alligators. Simpson, L. H., 1 Rattle Snake. During, Jacob, 1 Tortoise. Lambert, Master James, i Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Raleigh, N. C., New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, 1 California Quail (D). Conklin, William A., 1 Yellow Bird. Turner, Mr., 1 Deer. New York City, New York City, 1869. July July July 12. 20. 27. 5) Lae - Lo. . 24, 5 as BAG alts 94 Price, Col. Walter J., 9, Horned Owls. Rejaunier, Edward, 1 Red Fox. Schiffien, B., 1 Green Snake (D). Conklin, William A., 2, King Crabs (D). Laforge, Master Henry, 1 Turtle. Dickens, Henry M., 1 Guinea-Pig. Denison, Henry, 1 Ring-Dove. Kull, Wiliam, 1 Brown Bat (D). Rice, Charles M., 1 Pair Black Swans. Gamble, Miss Louise, 1 Alligator. De Glims, Paul, 5 Common Foxes (2.D). New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New York City, New room New York City, New York City, London, England, New York City, S. S. Selicia, 95 Aug. 27. Munroe, Hon. Allen, Syracuse, N. Y., 2 Bald Eagles. Aug. 30. McFarland, William, New York City, 1 Fox Squirrel. Aug. 30. Kunze, Dr. Richard E., New York City, 11 Turtles. Aug. 30. Wilson, James W., New York City, 1 Toucan. Aug. 31. Dixon, Master M., New York City, 1 Night-Hawk (D). Sept. 2. McCormick, A. H., Cedar Keys, Fla., 2 Alligators. Sept. 2. Hancock, Major-Gen. Winfield S., Oe = Aw.) 2 Cinnamon Bears. Sept. 7. Wallace, John G., New York City, 1 Abigator. Sept. 8. Barjau, Luis, New York City, 2 Turtles (D). Sept. 10. Wolcott, F. H., Astoria, L. I., 2 Peacocks. Sept. 138. Meadows, H. P., New York City, 1 Kestrel. 1869. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 14. 15. 16. 16. 18. 18. 13h 96 Thebaud, Paul §., New York City, 1 Deer. Johnson, Col. W. C., Newburyport, Mass., 1 Sea-Gull (D). Hormamm, John, New York City, 1 Raccoon. Baboeut, He ., New York City, 2 Hawks (D). Folson, Master William H., New York City, 1 Muskrat. Marsh, Capt. B. F., Ship “ Rattler,” 2 Kanchils or Pigmy Musk-Deer (1D); 3 Manilla Pigeons (2 D). Waerth, John, New York City, 1 Box Turtle. é 20. Manning, John W., New York City, 2 Alligator Terrapins (D). 20. Farrel, Master Andrew, New York City, 1 Turtle. 91. Caldwell, Milton, Brooklyn, 1 Newfoundland Dog. 24, Kemeys, E., | New York City, 1 Alligator Terrapin. 97 1869. Sept. 25. Dietz, Charles H., Stapleton, S. I., 2 Wood-Ducks. ' Sept. 27. Morrison, C. H., Sacramento, Cal., 2 Gray Foxes (1 D). Sept. 27. Valentine, B., Piermont, N. Y., 2 Deer. Sept. 30. Sparhawk, E. W., S. S. Minnetonka, ; 1 Rattle Snake. Oct. 2. Wilson, Master Willie, New York City, 1 Striped Squirrel (D). Oct. a: irks, GC; Hi, New York City, 1 Opossum (D). ct. 6G. Mead, 'F. L., New York City, 2 Rattle Snakes. Oct. 21. Meyers, Major-Gen. William, Ws SAG, 1 Grizzly Bear. Oct. 22. Wisder, David, Springtown, N. J., 1 Eagle. Oct. 27. Conklin, William A., New York City, 1 English Heron. Oct. 28. Smith, Mrs. Hugh K., Brooklyn, 1 pair Guinea-Pigs. Nov. 1. Keeler, F. A., . New York City, 1 Horned Owl. 1869. Noy. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. ox 10. 22. 29. 98 . Dinsmore, William B., New York City, 2 Angora Goats. . Savage, John, New York City, 1 Horned Owl. . Berringer, John, New York City, _ 1 Opossum. . Sayre, Master Reginald Hall, New York City, 2 Young Alligators. . Ehlert, John E., New York City, 1 Ferret. . Blake, Capt., 1 Deer. . Agens, Charles H., , Newark, N. J., 1 Marsh-Hawk. Tilden, Samuel J., New York City, 568 Trout. . Velie, J. W., | Bath, N. Y., 1 Canadian Porcupine. Nichols & Hoadley, New York City, 1 Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep. Farrell, Frederick A., New York City, 1 Moongus. Dee. Dee. Dec. 14. 16. 23. 29. 99 . Showler, John W., 1 Horned Owl. Velie, J. W., 2 Horned Owls. Martin, John, 1 Hawk. McLieish, Louis, 1 Horned Owl. Marsh, Professor, 2 Opossums. . Bohan, Cornelius, 1 Hawk. New York City, Bath,.N. Y., New York City, New York City, New Haven, Conn., New York City, The letter D opposite the donation denotes that it is dead. The above are in good condition, except otherwise noted. 100 LIST OF SPECIMENS DEPOSITED FOR 1869. Feb. April April TION. . One Canary Bird. . One Black Spanish Fowl. . One Black Bear. . Two Zebus or Brahmin Cattle. . One Bald Eagle. . One Peccary. . One Hawk. . One Elephant. . One Mocking Bird. . One Macaw. . One Green Monkey. . One Canary Bird. . One Gray Squirrel. . One Jaguar or American Tiger. . Three Guinea-Pigs. . Two Leopards. . One Mocking Bird. . Seventeen Anacondas. . One Indian Elephant. . One African Elephant. . One Bactrian Camel. . Six Lions. . One Mandrill. EXHIBI- 101 APPENDIX C. REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DEPART- MENT. To the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park: Anprew H. Green, Esq., Comptroller. Str,—During the past year the Meteorological Observatory has been furnished with self-registering instruments, to record the various atmospheric conditions, as follows: Ist. Photographic register of the height of the Barometer. 2d. os dete miataiol cietctetee cal 29.915 BRM TOE SHO VERE oe asso. canines voea=™s 29.909 Maximum for the year................ 30.625 at 11 a.m. December 9th. Minimum for the year....... Veimaais's 2 28.932 at 7A,M. February 4th. Difference or range.............++ 1.693 112 TABLE II. Table showing the state of the Thermometer, monthly, for the ‘year 1869. Puhrenheit. DIFFER- MESS | MEQN 9) MEAN >| neonmet|awacce 4)| Pucca eee ests) 38) f ce 55 “eed 9 ae MEAN, | MUM, MUM. oR oe athe hel . . . . RANGE, January ...........| 82.27 | 38.10 | 34.80 | 85.07 | 54.0 6 0 48.0 February..........| 32.58 | 38.87 | 31.62 | 34.47 | 61.0 14.0 | 47.0 Maren trees ccs oy O2.000) 400 12 ole Lone S47) | OORN) 4.0 56.0 JN DONS Regard Gros 44.63 | 54.70 | 48.44 | 49.24 | 76.0 27.0) 49.0 INET ees OE RES one 55.17 | 63.02 | 56.3 57.70 | 85.0 4().0 45.0 IRIE Sear ie ean 65.87 | 73.59 | 68.68 | 69.28 | 90.0 50.0 40.0 UWB eter cual onepess 68.58 | 77.31 De Tay MN Ue ts ian | Gye) 153 61.0 Bits) August See GROG) TT 103 a) 7 Lei) ao) | sO LE/ oe One elena September.........| 61.02 | 70.85 | 65.69 | 75.60 | 86.5 44.5 42.0 Octobers sce 47.14 | 55.24 | 50.88 | 50.89 | 75.5 30.2 45.3 November.....,...} 37.29 | 43.8 40.46 | 40.384 | 61.0 26.0 35.0 December..........| 81.94 | 87.45 | 34.89 | 34.71 | 62.0 Us ierd 48.3 Year mean at 7 A.M... 47.87 sf Fed sera gMnmange. tax eote secre rettac en OOM OE ‘a $61 AQ. SM etd 6 siete ohn aseycicets jae 50.57 | Mean for the year..............51.45 Maximum for the year.............. 94.7 above zero at 2r, m., August 21. Minimum for the year............... 4.0 above zero at 4 a.m, March 1, Difference or range.............. 90.7 METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. ——$$— Tracing by the Pantagraph of the Photographic Register of Barometer and Thermometers . NEW YORK, December 18* 1869. BAROMETER 9am 10 n 2 1 2 3 4 3 6 ri 8 9 10 Ww 12 Ly a 3 4 3 6 7 8 Sam ai. a ae ae cr aaa T = st ac | i a | r ‘ese ieee = ef : | 4 | 1 | } i } a T +: | “Wiggs ze r - fh 30 - = a { | 7 | 3 THERMOMETERS. ac TET OC The upper line of the Thermometers isthe Dry-buib, the aaa is the Wa-bulb, —_—_ The Major & Knapp Engr Mty. & Lith, 71 Bway NY, Daniel Draper, ficit 115 TABLE III. Table showing the State of the Wet-Bulb Thermometer, Monthly, Jor the year 1869. REMARKS. MEAN | MEAN MEAN DIFFERENCE MONTU 2 : et jaar AT AT wea BETWEEN DRY Monxrus—1869. TA. Mati OA? Me I Ope ate |e tae AND WET BULBS, January............ Sa) B0.76> |) 8436.4 82.67 h S286.) Be07 | ABT 2 US Ae 30.50 | 36.16 | 29.70 | 82.11 | 34.47 2.36 Oo ED Sg Sa 29.40 | 37.18 | 28.87 | 81.81 | 84.7% 2.96 Bee ope oils ose nme ote o's 29.10 | 46.65 | 43.03 | 42.92 | 49.24 6.32 Oo Woda eer 48.16 | 56.24 | 52.52 | 62.30 | 57.70 53.40 {ee | 60.08 | 66.02 | 64.25 | 63.45 | 69.28 | 5.83 JG Oe ~.-| 68.70 | 69.22 | 66.28 | 66.40 | 72.82 6.42 OLS a a | 61.94 | 66.58 | 64.57 | 64.36 | 71.75 7.39 September... ..:........- 57.85 | 61.97 | 60.25 | 60.02 | 65.60 5.58 MPELOBEE Scot. si ec. cee ose) 44.24] 48251 | 46.66 | 46.47 |. 50589 4.42 Mowembper. . 4... <0. eee. 34.42 | 38.80 | 39.05 | 37.42 | 40.34 2.92 CO a ere 30.52 | 85.47 | 33.50 | 383.16 | 34.71 1.55 Sear monn at Palas. i cemitiiss ei catue's 44.17 “ Bo gira Bee BE ., < aeee ttree sy nate ee Sena 49.76 ° Bes Bees Cachet oeecee toe 46.76 Mean tie the years 07. )2cs osauees ons 46.90 Difference between the wet and dry bulb thermometers for the year at— 7 a.M. 2P. M. 9 P.M. MERU dere oie Brie Sake owstseich x= 0a 6 oe 47.87 55.92 50.57 PUI Seu wietwa. e's, deca ay f'ocm™ onex aa. 44.17 © 49.76 46.77 3°70 6.16 3.80 114 TABLE IV. Lable showing the duration and depth of Rain and Snow, Monthly, during the year 1869. Rat. = 4 Baas DURATION, E . e Zi ee fa | BE |PeS Monrus—1 869. i = Sl “ g H : é 3 é : 5 REMARKS, Soi) Te allie la ene Ewaaal elie |B Soe a ee aa om | & a Zi 5 A = A JAMMU 1. eae cps 10 2 6 | 10 | 1.68 1.63 February ..... 8 3 1 | 30 | 4.06 5.69 IMEBRON 5) 6 6) obo 10 3 2/ 30 | 4.26 9.95 April g ies pare 15 | 1.39 | 11.34 NaN oe ithe sue eas 13 2) 2 | 25 | 4.15 | 15.49 Wintec sete ere 15 Qo UB 15 | 4.40 19.89 Dulivec tye eela te 11 1 2 Bi) | Bits | SRO# JNU 655.4 56 0 6 sol US) I aioe eS eee exo) September ... 8 1 5} 50 | 2.81 | 27.61 October .. 12 8 | 13 | 45 | 6.48 | 34.09 November .... 8 W |) BB Woe eal 2.80 | 86.39 December ..... 10 1} 14 | 15 | 4.20 = —|———, —— 40.50 120 24 4 | 10 |40.50 6.238 = 46.73 Total depth of rain and melt- ed snow. Svow January .......! Bl. isl 28) 2ONEE. O67! Th OGml, s0e00 February...... | Oy aL ark 2h fe slstay || ee Gish fl Marchese aera 6 |....] 19 | 45 | 0.75 | 25.43 1.40 Snow melted LNVOS INS renal Hele, Fal Oe EN SAU Baars Iho 5 ood 0d 0.30 t as it fell. December..... 5 La lay oe BOT Wo ONS } _—_—— | ——_———— —— | | Od. Big kilt Uaioe Aare eves 6.23 PLATE VT CUOYURAT WARK METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. | b apa tela Mak DIREOSTION OF THE WIND. Ftecorded by a SELF-REGISTERING ANEMOMETER . NEW YORK. December 18 1869. The hours are marked in the vatical column, the directions in the horizontal lines South. West. North. any ; = SS acl a Oa ———__—____-______ tt Oe Re aes , . . | ; 4 | SAE Wes fies A See is a ~ pan | | : i= = J - | —- | ‘| . Sa | | Norih. East. South. West . North. The Major & Happ Engr Mia & Lith 7) Bway NY. a Dawel Draper feiit. . ti) may et ay TABLE YV. — Table showing the Velocity of the Wind and Prevailing Winds PREVAILING WIND. West. West. North-west. West. West-north-west. West. West. West. West-south-west. West. West. during the year 1869. Moytus 1869. MILES. DAILY MEAN, |HOURLY MEAN. ee a ea eS } 5,192.0 167.48 6.97 5,379.6 192.12 8.00 5,869.8 189.34 7.88 6,245.7 208.19 8.67 5,573.8 179.83 7.48 4,005.8 133.52 5.56 4,714.6 152.08 6.33 4,328.5 139.62 5.81 4,810.0 160.33 6.68 5,813.0 187.58 7.81 November ....... 6,071.5 229.38 9.26 December... .. 6,583.0 212.04 8.84 West-north-west. The total distance travelled by the wind during the year was 65,187.3 miles. ~ The prevailing winds were west and north-west. TABLE VI. TABLE SHOWING THE POINTS FROM WHICH THE WIND CAME DURING THE YEAR 16869. 116 . ODOHOAHEMDDNSEeok STVLOT, 03 0 SGD CD IO AGE i GY i Wa @ | CPANSHSOSCOH AIO HOF = Wea Z | AAAPAnAFOCOMAANM EAN (=| a ee EE eee Mvp | CA*ASHSSS CHOON fi "A ‘ad 6 | MmonOnONN Onn M&éeraAnC ig 5 maz | DPASSSSoTSSCSOPH BOA Pe 2 Mv, | PSSSSHSOANH Or aman f Mag | CASSSNSROMHAr AMS ~ = = Wea Z| CHSSSSANSANHASCAS mv, | Se SneannsongSean i ‘Wa @ | CHSTAAABBOMAAIDAS ~ = Wag | GASP Aaa tOONAAKOS w : “WCV L | SHANANHROnAMDOCOCCroOWAH : "IW *d 6 | SCnmnAMROCOMMHANM AON Or ED waz | SCOSonn AMHR OoOHWAHOSORA < ‘CV ih | Mma RH OCOOCOCHOOCHOE Aro A W ‘d 6 | Onn RR TROD ONMHOONS is PEO) SN ee a ee ee re ~~ = Wad % | VON SAA ACSSHOENS Ler} BS il alo neko mina sO = ¢ ‘Wd 6 | MOA On OCOMMHAANMWMONNS ; 5 = wea Z| SANSA AMSSCaHOSAS Ler) wiv 2 | MAtnHCHHOOHAOADS ; | mw-a 6 | CODHAHRDSOHHAMADHMS La Wea ZG | ANSWASHANSAHOMOAN _— = Nv, | SAPSSmrAnSoANDOMAN ; wag | PRA Snes onenddtnhs i= 5 Ma Z | WASNCOAMANAN MoO wH My 1, | ASRSSHANSCSCHMOAIA é Wa G@ | CHOSSHHHBCHAAHE n é mwa g | MOSM AHHR Ron aRES Wy yp | PAAANASCSOSHAEADN a Mag | CONSAAAR Son AaALIS = Wa Z| ARAAAMSSSSHAr AON <7] “lL “Vv L | BANA A RNR OCONnnRN een , ‘wd gg | TANASAASATANABKCONS & waz | AAI AroAnSoNnMOBOWAT AArNMONnONnOnr Oddie REMARK.—The prevailing wind for the year 1869, was West. CUNMRAT PAY METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. FORGE OF THE WIND. Recorded iy » DRAPERS SELF REGISTERING ANEMOMETER . NEW YORK December /8“ 1869 — &y The howy are naked on the bottom line , The pounds pressure, per sg. tt by the horizontal line Re aay ¢ Sa 117 TABLE VII. COMPARISON OF YEARS 1868, ’69. 1868 1869 BAROMETER. —— | —_ —_ - — PieTesE INCHES. 2s... sie een ens es 30.750 30.625 ne Pe CHUC rs tS arch saendee ote ays » Feb. 24, 7 a.m. Dec. 9, 11 A.M. Greatest mean monthly pressure...... 30.165 30.068 s + - << date... February. December. ODES tg (i ier 29.076 28.932 G Ren (CLUROMES cya ciiahe kere heroes Dec. 7,9 P. M. Feb. 4, 7 A. M. Least mean monthly pressure........ 29.958 29.723 “7 ld ‘ Or) pial ade so; December. May. Meee JO THO VEaT. 6... ces ee eee os 30.054 29.909 THERMOMETER. Ae ty it eee Pepe nest—SAeAT ees. oi iee denise ae. os 95.5 94.7 ’ RC CR DAME oe See July 4, 2.30 Pp. M. Aug. 21, 2p. m. Mean of the warmest month......... 76.0 72.8 ue ue - Bate ACLAGCs cuecr July. July. PG WORE—CRPTOE es ee eee ewes 1.40 4.0 Be SEAM (LeU Gcrhinn). ot chelate vajeheue's Feb. 23, 4.85 a.m. March 1, 4 a. M. Mew TORONOVORT. oe. cece eee 48.9 51.4 RAIN. eV 60 EL A Ce a ee LAOUNE INCHES. «Silas eeie eae ecli%s 50.42 40.50 SNOW. aie ot Ree Amount (as water)—inches.......... 8.05 6.23 . G {9 |8 ||S° TOS “M O€| O&8/L°9E] TE} L€]|°0S|966'GS| GS\FS8°GS) 9S S6L°Gs\TES LF WvV9 “AV “WO'HO!|L |0 JOL)|F 6g “ANS AX VF, OS} FS) OF) LF) GSISTL'GS| FO\SGS°C%! 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Bs jer| Bs jo wdeq | Jo yunomy TES Ie 5 5 3 a | 7a. | tt aa = Bh —_—— | —— | —- —)—- — ESTE LCi (Qe lpouriata. neve yy ||) omen (qa) cine Qanta If ine py) mag | waz EY J (‘are modo (‘poqorqqz "MONG GNV NIV 4 sanorg "ANTAL Ul oprys) wALIMONMUTHy, IopomMOWIOYL) uTLANONVT "698 “AUVANVE Miles | Oam 9 am . lo IL 12 10 u 12 Recarded by ORAPERS SELFREGISTERING ANEMOMETER . 2 3 4 tN e » METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. VELOCITY OF THE WIND 1B: e 6 a 8 bd 10 a. 12 z ey | Se } = if - --+— et ae ms i jee ees : | alee 1H ul titer = { cae’ Caer bn, E mal ANS ET os Ae Tee aS H selma iE 14 HH Se 5 6 7 & ° 10 IL 12 The hours are marked by the vertical lines The distance travelled in miles by the horizontal lines. NEW YORK December 18 1869. 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WATERING OF ROADS.* The subject of the watering of roads is an important one as regards the comforts of communities; it is an operation which has only been performed of late years, and the appliances have been improved upon, and are still capable of further improve- ment. At one time, about thirty years ago, the streets were watered by damming the gutters, and spreading the water by means of shovels; then a barrel on wheels was used, with a wooden box filled with holes, which dribbled the water the width of the cart. Since then we have arrived at square, ugly-looking boxes, generally painted black, with iron distributors, constantly in the way, interfering with traffic, and drenching: the streets, which are always in one extreme or the other of mud or dust. That without water-carts we should be in a very great pre- dicament, the state of the streets of the metropolis on many Sundays during the past season has made painfully evident; for on the Sabbath there are only one or two parishes in Lon- don who allow watering to be done, and the consequence is that the plague of dust is rampant. Walking or driving through clouds of dust is very detrimental to personal comfort; and when it is stated by Dr. Letheby, in a recent report, that a very large percentage of London dust consists of organic matter of deleterious nature, so that we are liable to be poisoned, in addition to the minor inconveniences * Paper read before the British Association at Norwich. ] 131 of being. half blinded and smothered, more importance will perhaps be attached to the object of allaying this evil, than, at a first glance, the subject may seem to deserve. The actual damage to property caused by dust is very con- siderable ; tradespeople’s goods, which are necessarily exposed, suffer a depreciation in value to a very great extent, and are often rendered completely unsalable; and people who have been at a considerable expense in getting their houses, fronts, an doors newly painted, are often annoyed by seeing their work spoiled before it is dry. Recreation on Sundays, when the leading metropolitan thoroughfares are not watered, is rendered unwholesome by the presence in the air of this most unsavory compound of pulverized road, detrital, and organic matter, a modicum of which is deposited in the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as over the habiliments of the wayfarers. During the late extraordinary dry season the attention of local authorities has been particularly called to the necessity of improving this condition of affairs. The heavy, lumbering vehicles used for spreading water in the streets and obstructing the thoroughfares have been increased in number, but their efforts have been futile, for they scarcely reica the end of a street of any length before the dust would be blowing at the part they began, so scorching was the sun, and so arid the atmosphere. At an expense of about £100,000 the various parishes of London have been watered this season, but, notwithstanding this enormous outlay, the dust could not be laid, and it is quite evident that the time has arrived when the assistance of deli- quescent salts is absolutely necessary to aid in this operation, 132 and from the results obtained by the use of the chlorides of cal- cium and sodium mixed with the water, in certain localities, there can be little doubt that they will soon be generally adopted. A patent was taken out in September last for a compound of these well-known deliquescent salts, and for its application to the purposes of road-watering. The proportions used are 1 lb. or 4 lb. of the mixed salts to one gallon of water ; the salts are put into the cart before it is filled. The water is then laid on, and by the time the cart is full the salts are in solution. The extraordinary dryness of the atmosphere during the past season has been exceedingly unfavorable to the develop- ment of the vital principle of the invention. The benefit the roads were expected to receive from the well-known affinity of these salts for moisture has been withheld; but, notwith- standing that drawback, the application of the salts has produced a most important effect upon the surface of a macad- amized road, hardening and concreting the material in such a manner, that, when it is perfectly dry, no dust whatever arises from the passage of ordinary traffic. The light dust always found upon a dry road surface, which is usually watered with plain water, is not to be seen, the surface remaining smooth, firmly bound down, with no detritus whatever upon the surface. In considering the economy of road-making, this state of the road is very important. There is scarcely anything for the scavenger to sweep up and take away; and what has usually been carted away by wagon-loads, as waste, remains an integral part of the road; consequently, the repairs to the 133 road would be much less frequent, and a considerable saving would be effected. The chlorides employed, being antipu- trescent, tend to alleviate the evils arising from organic matter deposited on road surfaces. A sanitary advantage is, therefore, gained, and the economy in the water is also a favorable fea- ture of this method of watering roads. The water consumed in watering roads in London is about one-sixth of the daily supply for all purposes ; and as by the introduction of the chlorides so much less water is required, a saving of at least seventy-five per cent. would be effected, which is really an important consideration, as this water is required at the hottest period of the season, when the de- mands, for other purposes are more urgent than usual, and the necessity of an increased water supply is being seriously discussed. Thus the effect produced by the use of deliquescent salts mixed with the water is not only the effectual and complete laying of the dust, but the collateral advantage of economy in labor in road-making and in consumption of water. It also obviates the necessity of Sunday labor in road-watering. Nearly all the shopkeepers in Baker street, Portman square, have given their testimony with regard to the favorable results of the application of the chemicals in their street, which was chosen as one having a constant traffic. They state that instead of having their shops filled with dust that they scarcely see a particle, and that, on Sundays, when other streets are smothered in dust, that they rejoice in their immunity from this nuisance. There were certain essential conditions necessary to be attained to render the application of deliquescents universally practicable. 134 It was important that the chlorides used should be harm- less, inodorous, and anticorrosive, and that they should be . procurable in such quantities, and at such prices as to enable them to be used with a proper regard to economy, consider- ing the large quantity which would be necessary to meet the demand likely to arise, should the method be generally adopted. The chloride of sodium is plentiful enough, and easily obtainable in any quantity, nor is it probable that the price would ever become so enhanced as to prevent its use for this purpose. The chloride of calcium is a peculiar article which has never been in great demand, but which can be manufactured to any extent, and at very reasonable prices. There is, therefore, no practical difficulty in the way; the application has been tested under the most unfavorable cireum- stances for an entire season, and has been completely success- ful in this country. There was some doubt as to the effect likely to be produced in tropical climates, but as we have had the opportunity of experiencing a tropical heat this season, it may be considered that the same result will be attained in India. The municipality of Calcutta are about to test the method in their city where the plague of dust is also intoler- able, and where the damaging consequences of, dust (there it is brick dust, the road being made with brick) are sometimes seriously felt. Copy of Report to the Health Committee of the Borough of Liverpool, by the Superintendent of the Scavenging Depart- ment. The Superintendent begs to report upon the results of the experiment made during the past watering season of the effects of Cooper’s Patent Watering Salts. The trial was made on the main line of thoroughfare through the centre of the town, viz., from St. George’s to St. Luke’s Church, along Lord street, Church street, and Bold street. This line of streets may be considered as the chief line of carriage traffic for omnibusses, cars, and private vehicles, and is almost entirely macadamized road, with a small portion of paved roadway; and it may be considered to afford as ex- treme a test as it is possible to supply. The result may be briefly stated under two heads, viz., in point of view, firstly of watering, and secondly of financial results. Firstly, then, regarded as a means of laying. the dust, the use of the salts has been entirely successful, and the beneficial and useful effect of water containing the salts in weak solution is beyond comparison superior to that of plain water. 136 The practical result may be stated to be, approximately, that two water-carts were found equal to seven water-carts ‘under the old system, on a macadam road subject to heavy and incessant traffic. But upon paved streets one cart may be expected to do the work of five, where the traffic is only ordinary and not excessive. Secondly, in a financial point of view, notwithstanding the saving in the labor of horses and carts, and leaving entirely out of consideration the economy of water, it appears that the salts cannot be used economically at the price at present charged, viz., £3 per ton, and this is the objection which I have made from the outset to the patentee. I consider that, in order that the salts may be used not only with advantage, but also with economy, 7. ¢., showing a reduced. expenditure on watering, the patentee should be able to supply the salts at less than £2 per ton. This applies to Liverpool only, because the Health Com- mittee pay nothing for the water used in watering the streets. It is true that a reduction of seventy per cent. would be ~ effected in the quantity of water wasted on the streets during the summer season, but of this the Water Committee would reap the benefit by having so many thousands of gallons the more available for the town supply. There are some collateral advantages derived from the use of the salts, viz., that the road surface is kept in superior order, and a saving is thereby effected in the cleansing of the surface to the extent of about twenty per cent. 4 ae Mee Finally, no complaints have been received of any injurious or deleterious effects produced by the salts, as to which, how- ever, Mr. Odling, Chemist at St. Bartholomew’s, has certified . _ that they are perfectly harmless. ‘ > = ~~ i 138 APPENDIX E. STATEMENT SHOWING SUNDAY ATTENDANCE AT THE MONTHS. January. ... February... eee eeee September.. October .... November. . December. . Totals.... a a 5 s eS oO _ cod oo 7] 8,363} 6,453 32,702}. 28,482]... ..: 20/297) nectar 25,655}. 24,184)...... 37,637]. 20,364)...... 13,684] ” . 1864. 1865. 1866. ie Pe ee a ie |e ja) 8 |e e | 2 | eee 134,738 757 9,881/ 11,097) 133,477 201 6,569} 4,404) 129,200 323 68,355) 1,231) 14,972]......| 21,755 319 5203 | emailer 71,533 486 59,458] 1,755) 16,911],..... 38,279} 1,152) 16,840]......| 30,657 782 50,245) 2,631) 15,552|...... 107,543} 2,232} 27,346)......| 73,064] 1,452 115,493] 1,880; 30,001|...... 58,988; 1,186; 17,122)...... 149,846} 1,960 74,707| 1,997} 16,561]......] 118,982] 1,663] 26,509)......| 121,849] 1,025 135,673; 1,416} 29,486].... 171,738} 1,626) 31,097|......| 125,517] 1,289 55,293) 540) 11,400]......| 106,430] 1,595) 27,476|...... 127,784 954 51,287; 576) 12,962)......| 107,416] 2,153] 34,205]...... 153,624| 1,496 46,698} 1,196] 16,749|...... 90,522} 1,832) 32,736)...... 104,022} 1,312 32,634] 1,478] 15,728]...... 40,630) 1,386) 24,450]...... 47,440) 1,144 57,542| 403 7,793) 9,624) 26,113 810} 10,748) 4,989) 101,536 886 882,123) 15,860) 198,590) 20,721]1,021,873] 16,155} 262,373] 9,393|1,226,072|13,080) 255,220] 6,479 26. 139 PARK, BY MONTHS, DURING THE PAST SIX YEARS. Pedestrians. ew | a | 116,570 24,666 43,669 161,768 117,852 129,725 123,578 130,676 161,115 104,791 30,657 25,807 1867. Sie bes 226| 5,488)17,279| 193,167 523) 7,296] 969} 81,094 1,305} 19,822! zi 65,473 2,460] 30,759|......| 57,082 1,666; 23,982|...... 136,790 sed 93,821|......| 161,784 sel 27,589) ..... 105,315 812] 24,402]...... 179,695 — 32,096|...... 69,309 1,285) 33,094]...... 105,524 929] 16,966)...... 57,287 749| 11,791) 8,322) 25,374 Equestrians. 625 671 1869. a ; s Ele|é eee 14,813} 6,347]...... 12,500} 1,247]...... 18,683) ..2.2-|eeeree 24,006)..... 400 28,720) ....+- 245 15,626] .....-|-2---- 23,297] .ccccs|eesens seen ew ewee Oe ee 1868. oe a z é g 8 2 a 3 2 3 4 o 5 a = 3 ot = — 2 = - a A 421 S;34B) . | iW (es) 2 © E. 5 = fs a a a 5. ef = & s | “SSSI ress greg, “*ss"* Toqura00g “* 59" TOqUIaAONT Hr sees se 19q0900 “** Jaqutoydag tooo ees asnaMy * Ine *-onne tee eeee KRY “yhdy “TORT seeees KIRNAIGAT “> -Aamnuee ‘SHINO] YT ay? 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Hon. ANDREW H. Green, Comptroller of the Central Park : My Dear Sir,—I have the pleasure through you to present to the Central Park Commissioners the colossal statue of “Columbus,” the work of our gifted countrywoman Emma Stebbins. Columbus is represented as standing upon the deck of a ship alone and at midnight, just before the land of the Western Continent burst upon his view. His mutinous crew have all deserted him and are feasting below, while he—the intrepid discoverer, with a firm grasp upon the rudder-post, looks eagerly, anxiously forward, piercing the darkness with his eye of faith, and, with earnest prayers to Heaven for suc- cess, waits for the dawning of the day—that day which, coming at last, brings with it victory and repose. This statue is truly grand in its conception and beautiful. in its execution—worthy, indeed, to occupy a prominent place in our Central Park. It will add one more attraction to that charming spot, which the Commissioners and yourself have done so much to adorn for the pleasure and delight of the people. The statue and pedestal are both at the Academy of Design subject to your order as soon as a suitable glass house has been provided to protect the marble from the weather. With 147 the hope that the Commissioners will be able to provide this during the present season and receive the proffered gift, I remain, Your obedient servant, MARSHALL O. ROBERTS. Firra AVENUE, cor. EIGHTEENTH STREET, New York, February 20, 1869. OFFICE OF THE BoarpD oF ComMMISSIONERS oF CENTRAL Park, Bank oF CoMMERCE Buriprinec, 31 Nassav sr., New Yors, March 23, 1869. My Dear Sir,—I am much gratified to be the medium of communicating to the Commissioners of the Central Park the munificent donation that is the subject of your expressive let- ter of the 20th ultimo. It has often seemed very remarkable that more than three centuries should have passed away without any commemora- tion in our city of the discovery of the vast continent, of whose cities it is the chief; and it is especially agreeable to recog- nize the fact that one of her most eminent commercial men, appreciating the exalted character of the achiever of this dis- covery, has suggested and accomplished a memorial that appropriately illustrates an event that holds no second place in historical importance. As was fit, the American merchant and promoter of mari- time enterprise, has called upon the genius of the American sculptress to create and clothe, with all the finer expressions of art, a symbolical representation of a revelation that should have stamped ineffaceably upon the continent the name of Christopher Columbus. 148 The Commissioners of the Park, concurring fully in your encomiums upon the distinguished artist who has so admirably rendered her subject, and valuing highly your kind expressions relative to the work with which they have been so long con- nected, accept the proffered statue with especial pleasure, and will immediately proceed with the arrangements necessary for its protection and preservation, that it may long stand, the subject of popular admiration and of public appreciation of the large liberality of its donor. With great esteem and regard, I am, dear sir, Very sincerely yours, ANDREW H. GREEN, Comptroller Central Park. Hon. MarsHatt O. Roperts. 149 APPENDIX G. New Yors, January 22, 1869. AnpREW H. GREEN, Esq. : Dear Srr,—About ten years ago my German countrymen and myself were very much indebted to your kindness for pro- curing us the permission to erect a bust in the Central Park in memory of the poet Schiller. In the course of this year the centenary birthday of Alexan- der Von Humboldt (born September 14, 1769), will be cele- brated, and there is a disposition in many circles to erect a monument in his honor. Could we again rely upon the per- mission of your Board, and would you be kind enough to speak in favor of our intention? The monument proposed is a pedestal of about ten feet high, with a bronze bust in life size, to be placed where you would indicate. By giving a favorable answer you will oblige, ~ Yours truly, W. AUFERMANN. OFFICE OF THE BoAaRD OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE CENTRAL Park, Bank OF CoMMERCE BurmLpinc, 31 Nassav st., New York, January 27, 1869. My Dear Mr. AvFermMAnn,—Your kind note of the 22d instant is received. The Commissioners of the Park cordially sympathize with those who cherish the name and fame of the illustrious Alex- 150 ander Von Humboldt. I do not doubt that the Commissioners will cheerfully assign a location in the Park for a statue or bust that shall pass down in appropriate form, to successive generations in this land, the memory of one of whom his native land is justly proud, and whose long life was dedicated to the interpretation of the grandest phenomenon of nature for the benefit of all nations and for all time. I am, with great respect, Very sincerely yours, ANDREW H. GREEN, Comptroller Central Park. W. AvFERMAN, Esq. 151 APPENDIX H. New York, March 29, 1869. To the President of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park : Sir,—We send herewith a study that is intended to serve as a further illustration of our plan for the re-arrangement of the Sixth and Seventh avenue approaches to tlie Park at Fifty- ninth street. Since this plan was laid before you, in 1866, extensions of territory on a liberal scale have been secured, in accordance with our recommendation, on the city side of the Fifth and Highth avenue gateways, and the. question of a corresponding enlargement at the two intermediate points will doubtless, therefore, at some time engage the attention of your Commis- sion. The relative positions of the Sixth and Seventh avenue entrances coincide with each other so precisely that the accom- panying study is applicable to both localities. The design for the building, however, and even the details of the plan may be somewhat varied, without interfering with the general idea. The main fact we have to deal with is a gateway situated at the point where a broad city avenue is abruptly terminated by the wall of a great park, evidently a salient conjunction of cir- cumstances, and a conspicuous architectural opportunity. It is to be borne in mind in this connection, that a shaded walk forty feet in width, adjoins the Central Park wall along the line of Fifty-ninth street, and that the entrance under con- sideration is for visitors on foot only; also, that a horse rail- road is laid down in the centre of the avenue, which is a main 152 artery for metropolitan travel, and that the cars now stop short of the Park, on the down-town side of Fifty-ninth street, while a belt railroad of secondary importance occupies the whole line of curb in front of the broad walk, and hinders visitors arriving in carriages from being set down comfortably at the Park gate. Fifty-ninth street must, in time, become a crowded tho- roughfare, because it will have to accommodate half the cross- town travel which will be stopped by the Park between the south line and the traffic road at Sixty-fifth street. Conse- quently the point will be a critical one where the railroad avenue meets this busy street, and ample provision should be made for an accumulation of vehicles in the immediate vicinity of the Park entrance. Architecturally considered, the position is one that seems to warrant almost any degree of liberality in its conception, for a time must come when the whole neighborhood will be filled up with handsome houses, and it will be easy then to raise funds for large structures of this specific character. Under these circumstances our suggestion is that the avenue between Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth streets be sufficiently widened to form a public place of liberal dimensions, that the railroad. be re-arranged as shown on the plan, and that the gateway be designed in the form of an arcade or shelter erected for the convenience of the public, over the wide side- walk, in front of the Park entrance. Hoping that the general idea thus embodied may meet with a favorable consideration, We remain, sir, Yours respectfully, OLMSTEAD, VAUX & CO., Landscape Architects. 153 APPENDIX I. Strate oF New YorkK—EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, ALBANY, October 11, 1869. ANDREW H. GREEN, Esq., | Comptroller of Central Park, New York : Dear Srr,—During the last week I reviewed the First and Second Divisions of the New York State National Guard. The review of the Second Division was upon the very spacious and beautiful parade-ground connected with, and forming, I believe, a part of the Park in Brooklyn, and which is under the charge of the Park Commissioners. I was more than ever impressed with the idea that New York City should have a grand parade-ground for the First Division, numbering probably more than, eight thousand of volunteer soldiers, equal to any in the world, and, in a few remarks made, I promised to urge upon the Central Park Commissioners the necessity of making provision for division and brigade reviews, and I said that, if they would not or could not do it, I would invoke the aid of the Legislature, (not, as reported, “to interfere with the Commission,” but to secure a parade-ground.) I feel a deep interest in this matter, and beg to ask the following questions : Ist. Cannot provision be made within the limits of the present Park for division and brigade reviews? If not, what. are the reasons ? 1Z 154 2d. Could additional ground be taken and added to the Park for this purpose? Is there any ground which could be made available? You have, doubtless, already given this subject much con- sideration, and wish, as I do, to secure the place for reviews, and I invite your views and suggestions. Very truly yours, JOHN T. HOFFMAN. OFFICE OF THE BoarD OF COMMISSIONERS OF THE CENTRAL Park, New Yorx, November 27, 1869. Hon. Joun T. HorrMann, Governor of the State of New York : Dear Srr,—In compliance with the request contaimed in your letter of the 11th ultimo, I offer a few suggestions rel- ative to the establishment of a parade-ground in this city, trusting that, in some degree, they may be useful in securing such action in the premises as to subserve the best interests of all classes of the community. I am reluctant to trespass upon your attention to the extent required in a full examination of all the considerations in- volved in a subject that has more intimate relations to other questions than is usually supposed, and which I think cannot, with propriety, be finally acted upon without an appreciation of the importance of these relations, nor without some ac- quaintance with the military history of the State and City, and at least a general conception of the objects for which, under our form of constitutional government, a military force ought to be formed and fostered, 155 While an examination of the military legislation of the State shows that some form of military organization has been continuously maintained, it as clearly shows that while this organization has often been active and efficient it has some- times been neglected and fallen into disuse. You are doubtless familiar with these considerations, and will give them their proper weight, but it may be worth while to allude briefly to some of the legislation of the State and City that more immediately concerns the subject. Under the Act of April 3, 1807, a parade lying between Twenty-third and Thirty-fourth Streets and the Third and Seventh Avenues was laid out, embracing about two hundred and fifty acres. The Commissioners who laid it out, in their report dated in 1811, when the war with Great Britain seemed inevitable, say, “the question, therefore, was not, and could not be, whether “there should be a grand parade, but where it should be “ placed, and what should be its size. And here, again, it is “to be lamented that at this late day the parade could not be “brought further south and made larger than it is, without “incurring a frightful expense. “The spot nearest to the part of the City already built | “ which could be selected with any regard to economy is at the “foot of those heights called Inklangberk, in the vicinity of “Kips Bay. That it is too remote and too small shall not be “ denied ; but it is presumed that those who may be inclined “to criticism on that score, may be somewhat mollified when “the collector shall call for their proportion of the large and “immediate tax which even this small and remote parade will “ require.” 156 In 1814, during the excitement of the war, the third year after the parade of two hundred and fifty acres was laid out, and which was thought too small, the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty represented to the Legislature that this parade was much larger than was requisite, that the expenses of it would be enormous, and prayed that it might be reduced. It was by the Legislature accordingly reduced so as to contain about eighty acres. Fifteen years afterwards, in 1829, the remainder of it was abolished. The Battery at the lower end of the City, containing about ten acres, was, until about the year 1839, used as one of the principal parade-grounds. Washington square, containing about ten acres, was laid out in about the year 1828 by the City authorities as a parade- ground, and when it was first prepared for the purpose, about the year 1836, was surrounded by trees, most of the area being left open for military evolutions, but in that condition it was found unfit for the surrounding neighborhood, and was re-ar- ranged by the City with trees and walks as a square or park. From this time down to a late date no effective measures appear to have been taken by the State or City or by the military to secure a parade-ground, and such parades as were had were generally held, as they often now are, in the smaller Squares, Streets and Avenues of the City. Occasionally, for several years, the division parades have been held at Hast New York, in Kings County. In the year 1864 a movement was made among the military for a parade-ground on the Central Park ; after much discus- sion that portion of Hamilton Square lying east of the Fourth 157 Avenue, containing about fifteen acres, and in the immediate vicinity of the Park, was set apart by the Common Council for a parade-ground, and in the year 1865 was by the Legislature also “set apart as a parade-ground for the First Division of “the N. Y. S. National Guard and the various companies, “regiments, and battalions thereof.” By the same act the Street Commissioner of the City of New York was required to cause the said portion of said square “to be properly graded and prepared for a parade- “oround by contract or agreement, as in his opinion will best “preserve the interests of the city,” and it was expressly pro- vided that “no such contract or agreement shall require, in- “volve, or authorize an expenditure of more than the sum of “twenty thousand dollars, and any contract or agreement re- “ quiring or involving or authorizing the expenditure of more “than” that sum was declared void. Notwithstanding this imperative limitation of expenditure, in the year 1867, the further sum of $30,000 was appropriated by the Legislature “for the grading and regulating Hamilton Square in the City of New York.” In the year 1868 (chapter 885 of Laws of 1868) this Square was discontinued and closed, and its sale directed by the Legislature, and in 1869 the fur- ther sum of $40,000 was appropriated “for damages to the “ contractor for grading Hamilton Square.” Thus it will be seen that, at a period while the military spirit was fanned by a momentous struggle in which the country was involved, land belonging to the City, that would have afforded at least tolerable accommodation for the military, was directed by the Legislature to be sold. The Commissioners of the Park have had no jurisdiction over this land, and no hand in paying out of the money in- tended to be applied to its improvement for the military. 158 Further, by Chapter 593 of the Laws of 1866, Tompkins Square, of about ten acres, is declared “a public parade- “ round for the use of the National Guard of the First Division “State of New York, at such times as commandants of regi- “ments in said division shall designate, by orders,” and it is thereby made “the duty of the Street Commissioner of the “ City of New York, before the first day of July, 1866, to re- “move all trees and other obstructions ” from said Square, and to “level and grade the surface of said Square in such manner “as to render it available as such parade-ground,” the expense of which is to be taken from the usual appropriation for public parks. In the year 1868 the Legislature appropriated “ for paving “Tompkins Square, set apart for a military parade-ground, “with the Fisk concrete or other suitable pavement, so as to “make the same available for parade purposes, the sum of “ sixty thousand dollars, to be expended under the direction of “the Street Department.” (Chap. 853, Laws of 1868.) Thus another of the squares of this city, which is sur- rounded by a dense population, has been transformed. It will be seen by this abstract of legislation that it has never been made the duty of the Commissioners of the Park. to provide a parade for the military, the responsibility resting elsewhere; and although they have given the subject much attention, any interposition of theirs in the premises has been informal, and with the simple desire to have done what ought to be done. And it will further be observed that, in the cases of Washington and Tompkins squares, wherever it is intended to use a ground for military purposes permanently, the other use as a park gives way, and legislation directs accordingly, showing a recognition of the impracticability of the two uses in common, 159 As you allude to a review of the Second Division on the parade-ground in Brooklyn, it is proper to notice the legis- lation in relation to that ground, to see how different it has been from that for this city. It would be incorrect to say that the parade-ground for Kings County is a part of the Brooklyn Park. It is a separate piece of ground, laid out under a special act (Chapter 852 of Laws of 1866), “to provide for a parade-ground for the county of Kings.’ The expense of it, and of its care and maintenance, is, | am informed, provided for from a separate fund from that of the Park. It is laid out at aremote part of the city, where land is comparatively cheap, and contains 40 acres. Its chief merit is that it is nearly level, and that it is separate from the Park, and, therefore, in no respect interferes with Park en- joyments. It is placed under the charge of the Commissioners of Prospect Park, and doubtless merits the encomium you pass upon it. The pleasure and satisfaction you found in it were very natural, being such as one always experiences on observing ample, adequate, and convenient provision for the uses in- tended, and are perhaps the best possible illustration of the correctness of the views of the Central Park Commissioners on this subject, held and expressed years before this ground was laid out. They hoped that such a ground would have been provided in this county, instead of which, the ground the city actually owned has been taken away without remon- strance, so far as | am aware. After this brief review, and as it appears that the Com- missioners of the Park have not been required by any Act to lay out or provide a parade for the military, either in or 160 out of the Park, the next thing to consider is whether they should without any legislative requirements have provided such a ground within the limits of the Central Park. And this brings up your first question, to wit: “ Cannot provi- “sion be made within the limits of the present Park for “division and brigade reviews? If not, what are the ““ reasons ?” The views of military men differ widely as to the extent of ground essential for a parade. Some are of the opinion that ten to fifteen acres would suffice ; others think sixty acres or more essential in this city. An intelligent reply to your inquiry can only be given after a satisfactory ascertainment, by competent military opinion, of the extent of ground required for a parade and its ac- cessories under our existing and probable future military system. A parade of ten acres might be provided in a park, while it would be difficult to provide one of sixty acres. T am not informed of the area that you think necessary for the purpose. The appropriation from the grounds of the Central Park of an area that would be generally deemed by intelligent military men sufficiently extensive for the review of one or more brigades or divisions, and the proper arrangement of these grounds for the accommodation of such parades, would, as the Park is shaped, seriously diminish its capacity for civic enjoyment. Indeed, the objects sought to be secured in a ground for popular enjoyment or park uses, and in one for military dis- 161 plays are so different, and the arrangement of the grounds so incompatible, that it would be better not to attempt to com- bine them. It would hardly be possible to make a parade- ground of sufficient extent within the Park without the destruction of features which are among its chief attractions. One unapproachable characteristic of the Central Park is its varied surface, including its fine exposure of massive rocks; as year by year the area about the Park is leveled for building, this incomparable feature will be more marked and distinctive. It is, of course, entirely within the limits of possibility to level the picturesque surface to any extent for military use. The levelling could be done for a moderate sum of money, but no expenditure of money could ever restore or repair the results of the destruction, or give back again to the grounds features which are peculiar and are not found in any other city park in the world. A very brief observation will disclose the impractica- bility of keeping the sward of a park in a condition that is inviting and attractive to the visitor when it is frequently used as a parade-ground. It is not alone the military that are to be provided for in such grounds, but it is the heterogeneous crowd that follow upon military displays, in- tent only upon them, the results of whose visits, if not provided with large space beyond the limits of the parade, would be destructive to all natural embellishment. It has seemed to the Park Commissioners reasonable that, if citizens are required in the interest of the whole community to do duty as soldiers, and that duty requires drills and parades, that a satisfactory place should be provided, and that they have had repeated interviews and discussions on this subject with the military authorities of the city, and have expressed a readiness to aid and co-operate in steps to provide the necessary grounds, and they have rarely failed, when the 13 162 subject has been considered, to find a concurrence on the part of the military in the propriety of their views. The Park is a ground appropriated and arranged for the enjoyment of all the classes that inhabit a great city, and the design has been so to plan and arrange it that the visitor ~ may immediately on entering be led, by the aid of what at once meets the eye, and by the continual discovery of fresh objects of interest, to divest himself of the thoughts and reflections that attend upon city business life, and to give himself up to an hour of undisturbed recreation. Whatever in such a scheme properly aids in the transi- tion of the mental operations from business to pleasure or recreation is valuable. The Park is visited by millions—citizens and strangers— _ the natural beauties of the landscape, of tree, shrub, and flower, of brook, meadow, and beetling cliff, as they appear, changing with the varying seasons, afford more satisfaction to a larger number of people than any other use to which the acres could be devoted, and it is not too much to say that experience has fully shown that ideas of this nature that underlie the whole design have been generally comprehended and accepted. Few estimate correctly the number of aged persons, of invalids and children, that in these grounds find a quiet en- joyment that would be impossible if any element of interest that is attended with danger or disorder were introduced. The charm that every man of feeling finds in the well-kept lawns, and in the walks, and in the pure air are greater and higher than any other class of attractions that can be offered. 163 These are consistent with certain other uses, but not with all other uses, and no one ought to desire to impair the at- tractions of the Park by introducing others that are incon- sistent and impracticable. It is erroneous to suppose that lawns can be kept in good condition with horses and men constantly walking over them. A sward is composed of numberless tenderly organized plants easily worn, and, when overworn, the result in dry weather is dust, and in wet, mud. The lawn of a private country place may be preserved without disfigurement even if the proprietor and his few visitors walk over it, but the Park is visited by almost as many people as there are blades of grass in its lawn. Even the enduring marble is worn out by the frequent footsteps of its visitors. The carpet on the floor scarcely endures the use of one’s own family. What, then, would be the condition of a lawn with the steps of thousands constantly wearing it. Thoughtful military men are not unmindful of these popular advantages. They will understand that neither they nor their families are excluded from the Park, and we have generally found that when they come to examine the subject in all its bearings they are, like other citizens, unwilling to forego them for any opportunity of military display that would exclude them. There are often as large a number as 8,000 to 10,000 vehicles entering the Park in one day, because it is a place where a drive is comparatively free from danger, and because it is an agreeable resort. It has been said that the introduction of military bands and banners, and the movements of uniformed columns, are no more dangerous in the Park than in the streets. This I 164 believe to be erroneous. If a military display approaches in the avenues of the city, there are crossing streets every few yards of the way for those who desire to escape meeting it. Not so in the Park—laid out not as a city but as a pleasure-ground. On approaching a military band, one must turn around and go from it, often difficult to do where large numbers of vehicles are on the road, or take the risks and dangers of accident that might attend the meeting it. People have become accustomed to resort to the Park with a feeling of assurance that they are free from the annoyances and dangers to which they are subject in the streets, and the intro- duction of any uses that would disturb this feeling of security would be the means of expelling from the Park, numbers who now find it their only opportunity for out-door exercise and enjoyment. The larger areas of grass are now occupied by the children of the schools. Tens of thousands come there to play, and but a short time will elapse before all the lawn surfaces of the Park, which, owing to the conformation of the ground, are of very moderate extent, will all be filled with these children, of whom there are now attending schools in the city more than one hundred and fifty thousand. This occupancy is opén to all children attending schools, is greatly needed and much sought for, and is, as now regulated, a most gratifying sight to the visitor ; it harms no one, and is consistent with the plea- sure of all. Would it be well to interfere with or expel it ? As showing the public sentiment on the question of the propriety of introducing military parades into the Park, it may not be amiss to quote a statute on the subject, passed in 1865, during the war, which is in the following words : “No military encampment, parade, drill, review, or other 165 “military evolution or exercise shall be held or performed on “said Park, or any part thereof, except with the previous “consent of the said Board, nor shall any military company, “regiment, or other military body enter or move in military “order within said Park. No military officer shall have “authority to order, direct, or hold any such parade or drill, “review, or other evolution or exercise or encampment within “said Park, except in case of riot, insurrection, rebellion, or “ war.” To this recital of the statute may be added the opinions of competent military gentlemen on this subject. Brigadier- General Josiah T. Miller, then Inspector-General of the State—during the last war a devoted and intelligent observing officer—examined into the subject of parade-grounds in this city. In his official report of the year 1864 is this passage : “ Parade-grounds are also essential, and the State should “ provide one for each division, and particularly for the First “Division. This parade-ground in the First Division ought “not to be in the Central Park. Military occupancy and “ exercise are inconsistent with the rules adopted for the gov- “ernment of the Park, as well as with the objects for which “the Park itself was originally designed. “Grounds equally convenient for military purposes might “be obtained in the immediate vicinity of the Park, the occu- “pancy of which by the military would accommodate officers “and privates, and at the same time increase the enjoyment “of the general public, always fond of military spectacles.” It was after this that the action of the Common Council of the city and the Legislature above mentioned, setting apart Hamilton square for a parade, was taken. It is not singular that the military should, in common with many other appli- 166 cants for reviews, and displays, and amusements, seek the Central Park. They desire to go where order and beauty prevail; where the people go for their enjoyment, forgetting that, except with the necessary preparation, they will destroy the very thing that they desire to enjoy. The point, therefore, to which I desire attention is, not that a level place cannot be made on the Park for military, but that it cannot be done and at the same time preserve existing features. You cannot keep lawns frequently trampled by men, horses, and by artillery in a proper condition for others to enjoy. If they are not kept in such a condition, you deprive tenfold more people of enjoyment than you gratify by a military use of the grounds. The keeping of a parade-ground for the numerous military of this city in grass should not be attempted; one use is not consistent with the other, and it is better to make adequate provision for both. The part of a parade to be used by the military should be composed of a noiseless, dustless material, agreeable to the foot, and which cannot be injured by the passage of cavalry and artillery, and should have adequate shelter for men and their arms and accoutrements. It should be capacious, and regard should be had in it to the convenience of those who are to use it. Last year Major-General Alexander Shaler, commanding the First Division of the State National Guard, courteously invited the co-operation of the Commissioners of the Central Park in a communication, of which the following is a copy: 167 «© HErapguarters First Divison N.Y.S.N.G., “ New York, March 24, 1869. “ Board of Commissioners of the Central Park : “ GENTLEMEN,—The question of providing a suitable parade- “round for the use of the First Division National Guard “State of New York (which embraces all the State troops in “the City of New York), upon which they can all be assembled “for exercise, has agitated the minds of a goodly portion of our “community for years past, and does at the present time to “such an extent as to suggest the importance of meeting the “ question without further delay. “As you are aware, efforts have repeatedly been made to “obtain such a parade-ground within Central Park. “ After a careful examination of the portions of the Park, * at all available, I have come to the conclusion, however, that “ sufficient grounds within the Park cannot be appropriated “without diverting them from the use for which they were “intended and are now applied. “Tn view of this fact, and of the importance of settling for all “time a question which, until it is settled, will be a constantly- “recurring one, I have the honor to solicit the co-operation of “your honorable body with me, with a view of providing the “ First Division N.Y.S.N.G. with a suitable parade-ground. “Very respectfully yours, “ ALEXANDER SHALER, “ Maj.-Gen. Commanding 1st Div. N.Y.S.N.G.” The Commissioners of the Park, being thus officially invited, and having, as it were, for the first time any right to speak on» the subject, recognizing in the First Division of the N,Y.S.N.G., 168 a most efficient and well-discipined military body, and appreciating fully the services, sometimes arduous and dan- gerous, that they are required to hold themselves ready to perform, at once responded by the appointment of a committee to co-operate with General Shaler and such of his staff as he had associated with him in the matter. The General had examined the Park and other localities in the city, and the result of repeated interviews between him and the representative of the Park Commissioners, was the prepara- tion by the Commissioners of a plan for a ground to lay before the last Legislature. No action was had, as is understood, because it was too late in the session. The only ground of hesitation on the part of the Commission- ers of the Park to recommend to the Legislature the purchase of the ground shown on the plan, arose from the large outlay of money that would be required. It is one thing to take land in a rural part of Kings County at five hundred dollars per acre, and another to take it in New York at an average of one or two thousand dollars per lot. It is for the authorities of the State to judge whether an expendi- ture of the extent required should be made to obtain a satisfac- tory parade-ground in this city. In establishing a parade-ground, certain questions immedi- ately arise which are not easily answered, for want of prece- dent and experience, and because the subject is, in its nature, indefinite, changing with the popular sentiment, and with the varying interests of the military in their own discipline and efficiency. If a parade-ground is required in this city, is it to be for work, for actual drill, and for those exercises that are neces- 169 sary to secure discipline and efficiency, or for holiday parades and mere display, or shall it combine both of these character- istics? What is the greatest number to be accommodated at any one time? Shall the ground be for occasional brigade and division reviews only, or shall it at the same time compre- hend arrangements for the more frequent regimental and com- pany parades and exercises now so much needed in this city? Shall it be for the New York State National Guard alone, or shall it afford opportunities for displays of volunteer companies and for the numerous civic companies that throng the city at certain periods ? Again, are all the arms of the regular service—cavalry, artil- lery and infantry—to be accommodated? Is provision to be made for target practice of these various arms? Is convenient, spacious and comfortable opportunity to be afforded to spec- tators to observe these displays, so that the discomfert of crowds may be avoided? Shall there be one extensive parade-ground adequate for division and brigade reviews, situated as conveniently as prac- ticable, and other smaller grounds immediately in the city for the lesser parades and exercises ? The element of accessibility is very essential for the conve- nience of the military—an element difficult of attainment on this island to the extent that would be desirable. All these questions must be answered before the selection of a site for a ground equal to the needs of the military of this city can be properly effected, and are involved in your second inquiries: “Could additional ground be taken and added to “the Park for this purpose? Is there any ground which could “be made available ?” 14 170 Grounds immediately north of the Park could be taken and added to the Park for this purpose, and could be made available. By an extension of the original limits of the Park north- wardly, accomplished several years since, its northern boundary now includes the bluffs that overlook, from an elevation varying from twenty-five to a hundred and thirty feet, the Harlem commons that lie between these bluffs and the Harlem river, a distance of nearly two miles. These lands are very neatly level, and are separated from the Park by the street that is its northerly boundary. The buildings that are rapidly covering them have radiated southerly from Harlem, so that the portion of the common lands adjacent to the north line of the Park has not yet been much built upon. Within the area that would be required for a parade there are few, if any, buildings of any considerable value. It would be difficult to suggest on this island a location that affords a finer or more appropriate site for a parade-ground than would be furnished by a sufficient extent of these lands. They could be added to and form a part of the Central Park, and remain under the same care and government, without being so actually in it as that the uses of either would be in- terfered with by the other. They are separated from it by the width of a single street; are readily and cheaply accessible by various lines of City horse and steam cars, and by boats upon the river; from their level character could be easily regulated and arranged for a parade-ground, and by which evolutions of cavalry, infantry and artillery could be satisfactorily observed, and the plan of the ground is susceptib'e of an arrangement that would interfere but little with the public travel. ee 171 I think I am quite safe in saying that the military authori- ties would readily concur in the appropriateness of this site as the most convenient and accessible or practicable on this island. While the Commissioners of the Park have had t'1e power to lay out squares in other parts of the island, this espvcially- adapted site has never been within such power. They are and have long been of the opinion that such a ground should be provided, and have, when called upon, not been backward in responding to the request of the military in the premises, and while they have been restrained by consider- ations of expense from recommending the acquisition of more ground for this purpose, they are now, as they always have been, ready to lend their aid to any reasonable movement to secure a capacious and satisfactory ground for the military, when their co-operation can be offered without seeming to be intrusive. Sympathizing in your high estimate of the military of this city, it will give me great pleasure to submit to you, at any time you may suggest, the plan of the grounds above referred to, prepared with the view of answering, in a large and com- prehensive way, all the purposes that such a ground should be made to serve, in the present and for the future, and at the sam? tim: to enter, if you desire, more at length upon the de- tails of the subject than I have been able to do in this com- munication. I am, with great respect, Yours, very truly, ANDREW H. GREEN, Comptroller of the Park. 172 APPENDIX J. A DETAILED STATEMENT Of the Living Birds and Animals in captivity on the Central Park, during the year 1869. For the identification of the birds living in captivity the Board is indebted to Grorcr N. Lawrence, Esq., and for that of the animals to WiLulam J. Hays, Esq., of this City. MAMMALIA. Order : QUADRUMANA. Family : Simiade. Genus: Cercophithecus. Cercophithecus callitrichus (Is. Geoff.), Green Monkey; 2 specimens, West Africa. Genus: Cynocephalus. Cynocephalus naimon (Desm.); Mandrill ; 1 specimen, West Africa. Order : CARNIVORA. Family : Felide. Genus: Felis. Felis leo (Linn.); Lion, 6 specimens, Africa and Southwestern Asia. Felis leopardus (Linn.), Indian Leopard ; 1 specimen, Asia. elis varius (Gray), African Leopard ; 1 specimen, Africa. lis concolor (Linn.), Cougar Puma, or American Panther; 2 specimens, North and South America. Felis pardalis (Linn.), Ocelot ; 1 specimen, Texas and South Amer- ica. Felis domesticus (Linn.), Angora Cat; 1 specimen, Asiatic Turkey. 173 Genus: Lynx. Lynx rufus (Raf.), Wild-Cat ; 1 specimen, North America. Family : Canide. Genus: Canis. Canis latrans (Say.), Prairie Wolf; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Canis fami- liaris (Linn.), Domestic Dog ; 3 specimens, 3 varieties : 1 Newfoundland Dog, Newfound- land; 1 Shepherd’s Dog, British Islands ; 1 Greyhound, British Islands. Genus: Vulpes. Vulpes fulvus (Desm.), Red Fox ; 3 specimens North America. Vulpes vulgaris, (Briss.) Red Fox; lspecimen, Europe. Vulpes virginianus (Rich.), Gray Fox ; 1 specimen, United States. Family : Viverride. Genus: Viverra. Viverra rasse (Horsf.), Rasse ; 1 specimen, Java. Genus: Herpestes. Herpestes griseus (Geoft.), Moongus or Gray Ichneumon ; 1 specimen, India. Family : Mustelide. Genus: Putorius. Putorius furo (Linn.), Ferret; 4 specimens, Africa. Family: Urside. Genus: Ursus. Ursus horribilis (Ord.), Grizzly Bear ; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Ursus amert- canus (Pall.), Black Bear ; 8 specimens, North America. Ursus americanus var. cinnamoneus (Aud. and Bach.), Cinnamon Bear; 2 speci- mens, Western United States. Ursus malay- anus (Raffe.), Malayan Bear; 1 specimen, India. Genus: Procyon. Procyon lotor (Storr.), Raccoon ; 7 specimens, United States. Genus: Nasua. Nasua nasica (Linn.), Coati; 3 specimens, South America. Family : 174 Order : RoDENTIA. Sciuride. Genus: Sciurus. Sciurus vulpinus (Gm.), Southern Fox Squirrel; Genus: Genus: Genus : Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Genus : Genus: Genus: 1 specimen, Southern United States. Sciurus carolinensis (Gm.), Gray Squirrel; 3 speci-_ mens, United States. Scturus carclinensts, var. niger (Aud. and Bach.), Black Squirrel ; 1 specimen, United States. Tamas. Tamias striatus (Linn.), Striped Squirrel ; 1 | specimen, United States. Cynomys. Cynomys ludovicianus (Bd.), Prairie Dog ; 2 specimens, Western United States. Arciomys. Arctonys monax (Gm.), Woodchuck; 1 specimen, North America. Castoridee. Castor. Castor Canadensis (Kuhl.), American Beaver ; 1 specimen, North America. Muride. Fiter. Fiber zbethicus (Cuv.), Muskrat; 1 specimen, North America. Hystricidee. Vrethizon. Erethizon dorsatum (Cuv.), Canada Poreu- pine; 1 specimen, Northern United States and Canada. ; Dasyprocta. Dasyprocta agouti (Ill.), Agouti ; 2 speci- mens, South America. Coelogenys. Coelogenys paca (Rengg.), Sooty Paca or Spotted Cavy ; 1 specimen, Tropical America. Cavia. Cavia Cobaya (Linn.), Guinea-Pig ; 11 speci- mens, Brazil. 175 Family : Leporide. Genus: Lepus. Lepus curriculus (Linn.), Common Rabbit; 2 specimens, Europe. Order : PROBOSCIDEA. Family : Elephantide. Genus: Elephas. Elephas indicus (Linn.), Indian Elephant ; 1 specimen, South India. Llephas africanus (Blum.), African Elephant ; 1 specimen, Af- rica. Order : ARTIODACTYLA. Sub-order : RumInAnTia. Family : Bovide. Genus: Bos. Bos Indicus (Linn.), Zebu ; 3 specimens, India. Bos taurus (Linn.), Domestic Cattle ; 8 spe- cimens, 2 varieties : 2 Kerry Cattle, Ireland ; 6 Flores Cattle, Flores Island. Genus: Bison. Bison americanus (Gm.), American Bison ; 1 specimen, Western United States. Genus: Bubalus. Bubalus caffer (Spann.), Cape Buffalo; 4 specimens, South Africa. Genus: Ovis. Ovis aries (Linn.), Domestic Sheep ; 139 speci- mens, 2 varieties: 138 Southdown Sheep, England ; 1 Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep, Syria. Genus: Capra. Capra hircus (Linn.), Domestic Goat; 12 specimens, 3 varieties: 2 Angora Goats, Syria; 2 Chinese Goats, China ; 8 Common Goats, Europe. Family: Cervide. Genus: Cervus. Cervus canadensis (Erxl.), American Elk or Wapiti; 4 specimens, North and West United States. Cervus virginianus (Bodd.), 176 Virginia Deer ; 21 specimens, United States. Cervus mexicanus (Gm.), Mexican Deer; 1 specimen, Mexico. Genus: Avis. Axis maculata (Gray), Axis Deer; 1 specimen, India. Family : Tragulide. Genus: Tragulus. Tragulus pygmeus (Briss.), Kanchil, or Pigmy Musk Deer; 1 specimen, Asiatic Islands. Family: Camelide. Genus: Camelus. Camelus dromedarius (Linn.), Common Camel; 2 specimens, Arabia. Camelus bac- trianus (Linn.), Bactrian Camel ; 1 specimen, Central Asia. Sub-order : New RuminantT1a. Family : Suide. | Genus: Dicotyles. Dicotyles tajact: (Linn.), Collared Peccary ; 2 specimens, South America. Dicotyles labi- atus (Cuv.), White-lipped Peccary; 1 speci- men, Texas and South America. Genus: Sus. Sus scrofa (Linn.), Domestic Hog ; 2 specimens, 2 varieties: 1 Japanese Hog, Japan; 1 Chinese Hog, China. Order : ManrsvpIALtia. Family: Didelphide. Genus: Didelphys. Didelphys virginianus (Shaw), Common Opossum ; 2 specimens, United States. 177 AVES. Order : PASSERES. Family : Turdide. Genus: Turdus. Turdus musicus (Linn.), Song Thrush; 1 specimen, British Islands. Turdus migra- torius (Linn.), American Robin ; 1 specimen, North America. TZardus merula (Linn), Blackbird ; 1 specimen, British Islands. Genus: Harporhynchus. Harporhynchus rufus (Linn.), Brown Thrush ; 1 specimen, North America. Genus: Mimus. Mimus polyglottus (Linn.), Mocking Bird; 1 specimen, Southern United States. F amily : Saxicolidee. Genus: Sialia. Sialia sialis (Linn.), Bluebird, North Ame- rica ; 1 specimen. Family: Fringillide. Genus: Serinus. Serinus canaria (Linn.), Canary Birds; 2 specimens, Canary Islands. Genus: Spizella. Spizella socialis (Wils.), Chipping Sparrow ; 1 specimen, North America. Genus: Passer. Passer domesticus (Linn.), European Spar- row ; 1 specimen, Europe. Order : ZYGODACTYLI. Family : Ramphastide. Genus: Ramphastos. Ramphastos toco (Gm.), Toco Toucan ; 1 specimen, Brazil and West Indies. Lam- phastos ariel (Vig.), Ariel Toucan ; 1 speci- men, Brazil. Family : Psittacide. Genus: Sittace. Sittace macao (Linn.), Red and Blue Macaw ; 1 specimen, Central America. Genus: Genus: Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Genus : Genus : Genus : Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus : 178 Conurus. Conurus pertinax (Lin.), xantholemus (Sel.), St. Thomas Conure; 2 specimens, West Indies. Chrysotis. Chrysotis lewcocephala(Linn.), White-headed Parrot ; 1 specimen, Cuba. Plictolophus. Plictolophus sulphureus (Gm.), Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo ; 2 specimens, Aus- tralia. Order : ACCIPITRES. Vulturidee. Gypeetus. Gypeetus barbatus (Linn.), Bearded Vulture ; 1 specimen, Europe. Falconde. Buteo. Buteo borealis (Gm.), Red-tailed Hawk; 2 specimens, North America. Aquila. Aquila canadensis (Linn.), Golden Eagle; 2 specimens, North America. Halicelus. Halicetus leucocephalus (Linn.), Bald Hagle ; 19 specimens, North America. . Tinnunculus. Tinnunculus alaudarius (Gm.), Kestrel ; 1 specimen, British Islands. Circus. Cireus hudsonius (Linn.), Marsh Hawk; 1 specimen, North America. Strigide. Bubo. Bubo virginianus (Gm.), Great Horned Owl; 14 specimens, North America. | Order : PULLAsTR&. Columbide. Streptopelia. Streptopelia risoria (Linn.), Ring-Dove ; 6 specimens, Africa. Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus : Genus: Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus : 179 Phlogenas. Phlogcenas cruentata (Lath.), Red-breasted Pigeon: 1 specimen, Philippine Islands. Penelopidee. Orialida. Ortalida bronzina (Gray), Bronzed Guan ; 3 specimens, Venezuela. Cracide. Craz. Crax alector (Linn.), Crested Curassow ; 1 spe- cimen, Tropical America. Pauai. Pauzxi mitu (Linn.), Razor-billed Curassow ; 1 specimen, Tropical America. Order : GALLINZE. Perdicide. Lophortyx. Lophortyx californicus (Shaw), California Quail ; 1 specimen, California. Phasianide. Phasianus. Phasianus colchicus (Linn.), English Phea- sant ; 2 specimens, British Islands. Euplocamus. Euplocamus nycthemerus (Linn.), Silver Pheasant ; 1 specimen, China. Gallus. Gallus domesticus (Linn.), Domestic Fowl; 6 specimens, 4 varieties : 1 Silky Fowl, China; 1 Cochin Fowl, China ; 1Silver Poland Fowl, Europe; 2 Bantams, India. Gallus ( ‘aE (Fowl hybrid), 2 specimens. Pavonide. Pavo. Pavo cristatus (Linn.), Peafowl ; 32 specimens, India. Numidide. Numida. Numida meleagris (Linn.), Guinea Fowl; 38 specimens, Africa. Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Genus: Family : Genus: Family : Genus: Genus: Genus: Genus: 180 Order : BREVIPENNES. Struthionide. Rhea. Rhea americana (Lath.), Common Rhea; 4 specimens, South America. Order : GRALLZ. Ciconiidee. Ciconia. Ciconia alba (Linn.), White Stork ; 1 speci- men, Africa. Ardeide. Ardea. Ardea cincrea (Linn.), English Heron; 1 spe- — cimen, Europe. Tigrisoma. Tigrisoma cabanisi (Heine), Tiger Bittern ; 2 specimens, Central America. Rallidee. Gullimila. Gallinula martinica (Linn.), Purple Gal- linule; 2 specimens, United States. Order : LAMELLIROSTRES. Anatide. Cygnus. Cygnus olor (Gm.), European Swan ; 44 speci- mens, Europe. Cygnus buccinator (Rich.), Trumpeter Swan ; 1 specimen, North Amer- ica. Cyg gnus atratus (Lath.), Black . See 2 specimens, Australia. Anser. Anser ferus, (var. Linn.), Bremen Goose; 6 specimens, Europe. Anser cygnoides (Linn.), Chinese Goose ; 2 specimens, China. Aix. Aix sponsa (Linn.), Summer Duck ; 2 specimens, North America. Anas. Anas boschas (Linn.), Mailard Duck; 2 speci- mens, North America. Anas boschas (var. domesticus), White Duck; 17 specimens. North America. Anas (———?), Duck (hy- brid), 1 specimen. Anas ( ?), Duck, (hybrid), 11 specimens. 181 REPTILIA. Order : TESTUDINATA. Family : Emydoide. Genus: Chrysemys. Chrysemys picta (Gray), Painted Turtle ; 10 specimens, United States. Genus : Cistudo. Cistudo virginea (Ag.), Common Box Turtle ; _7 specimens, United States. Family : Chelydroide. Genus: Chdydra. Ohelydra serpentina (Schw.), Alligator Tur- tle; 1 specimen, United States and Canada. Order : CROCODILIA. Family : Crocodilide. Genus: Alligator. Alligator mississippiensis (Gray), Alligator ; 7 specimens, Tropical America. Genus : Crocodilus. Crocodilus ( 2), Crocodile ; 1 speci- men, Africa (?). Order: SAURIA. Family : Iguanide. Genus: Doliosaurus. Doliosaurus McCalli (Girard), Horned Toad, California and Mexico. Order : OPHIDIA. Family : Boide. . Genus: Boa. Boa constrictor (Linn.), Common Boa; 1 speci- men, Tropical America. Genus: Eunectes. Eunectes murinus (Linn.), Anaconda ; 16 specimens, Tropical America. Genus: Chilobothrus. Chilobothrus inornatus (Dunv.), Yellow Snake ; 2 specimens, Jamaica, W. I. 182 Family: Colubride. Genus: Hutenia. Hutenia sirtalis (B. & G.), Garter Snake; 2 specimens, United States. Family : Crotalide. Genus: Crotalus. Crotalus durissus (Linn.), Common Rattle- snake; 2 specimens, North America. Crotalus adamanteus (Beaur.), Diamond Rattle-snake ; 1 specimen, Southern United States. Crotalus confluentus (Say), Rattle- snake ; 2 specimens. BATRACHIA. Order : ANOURA. Family : Hylcide. Genus: Hyla. Hyla versicolor (LeC.), Tree-Toad ; 3 specimens, Northern United States. _ ARTICULATA. Order: HYMENOPTERA. Family : Apiarie. Genus: Apis. Apis mellifica (Linn.), Hive Bee; 3 colonies, Europe. 183 Reptilia. Testudinata... 18 Crocodilidw~... 8 Baurite.): 5... 1 Ophidia....... 26 Votaleis<.. oo SUMMARY. Mammalia. Aves. Quadrumana.. 3 Passeres...... 10 Carnivora ..... 52 Zygodactyli... 8 Rodentia...... 28 Accipitres..... 40 Proboscidea... 2 Pullastre..... t Artiodactyla...203 Gallinw....... 86 Marsupialia... 2 Brevipennes... 4 pa RS 5. eee 6 Total.....290 lLamellirostres. 88 Total.... .249 Batrachia. IOUT bch tore oe GRAND TOTAL. Mea aay tary. Pesca tease PCTs eee eee one oe tha ties s epi aig tae crete RAs A Lie 53 Pigev arenas. ses Nene ks < aid « « 8 2 e NUMBER OF ORDERS, GENERA, AND VARIETIES. Reptilia ..... Batrachia... Orders. Genera. Varieties. Me 6 36 62 Peay es! 39 52 Ris 4 ih ig Neg 1 1 1 21 87 128 184 LIST OF SPECIES Exhibited for the first time on the Central Park during the year 1869. MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA : Mandril. Cynocephalus mounou. West Africa. Black Spider Monkey. Ateles niger. South America. CHEIROPTERA : Brown Bat. Vespertilio subulatus. North America. CaRNIVORA : Lion. Felis leo. Africa and Asia. Leopard. Felis varius. Africa. Jaguar. Felis onca. South America. Angora Cat. Felis domesticus. Asiatic Turkey. Newfoundland Dog. Canis familiaris. Newfoundland. Red Fox. Vulpes vulgaris. Europe. Ferret. Putoriusfuro. Africa. PINNEPEDIA : Common Seal. Phea vitulina. Coast of Labrador. PROBOSCIDEA : Indian Elephant. Elephas indicus. South India. African Elephant. Llephas africanus. Africa. ARTIODACTYLA : Bactrian Camel. Camelus bactrianus. Central Asia. Affghan Fat-tailed Sheep. Ovis aries. Syria. Angora Goat. Cafra hircus. Syria. Zebu. Busindicus. India. AVES. PASSERES : Thrush. Zardus musicus. British Islands. Chipping Sparrow. Spizella socialis. North America. 185 Yellow Bird. Chrysomitris tristis. North America. ZYGODACTYLI : Toco Toucan. Ramphastos toco. Brazil. Culminated Toucan. Ramphastosculminatus. Tropical America. White-headed Parrot. Chrysotis leucocephala. Cuba. ACCIPITRES : Kestrel. Tinnunculus alaudarius. British Islands. PULLASTRE : Red-breasted Pigeon. Phloqwnas cruentata. Philippine Islands. GALLINE : Silky Fowl. (Gallus domesticus. China. Cochin Fowl. Gallus domesticus. China. Fowls (hybrid). Bronze Guan. Ortalida bronzinu. Venezuela. GRALLE : English Heron. Ardea cinerea. Europe. STEGANOPODES : Frigate Pelican. Vachypetes aquila. Southern United States. PYGOPODES : Loon. Colymbus torquatus. North America. REPTILIA. TESTUDINATA : Speckled Tortoise. Nanemys guttata. North America. CROCODILIA : Crocodile. Crocodilus ( ?). Africa. SAURIA : Horned Toad. Doliosaurus McCalli. California and Mexico. OPHIDIA: Garter Snake. Hutwenie sirtalis. United States. Green Snake. Chlorosoma vernalis. United States. 15 186 BATRACHIA. ANOURA : Tree-Toad. Hyla versicolor. United States. CRUSTACEA. ENTOMOSTRACA : Horse-shoe Crab. Simulus polyphemus. Atlantic Coast. LIST OF SPECIES T hat have bred in the Central Park for the year 1869. MAMMALIA. No. Bred. 4 Prairie Wolves. (C. latrans. 2 Dogs (hybria, | Greyhound. Oe ie 3 Scotch Terriers. C. familiaris. 3 Red Foxes. V. fulrus. 2 Ferrets. P. furo. 20 Guinea-Pigs. C. cobaya. 16 Rabbits. L. caniculus. 1 Wapiti Deer.* C. canadensis. 5 Red Deer. C. virginianus. 3 Flores Cattle. B. taurus. 124 Southdown Sheep. (0. aries. 2 Chinese Goats. C. hircus. AVES. 15 Ring-Doves. S. risoria. 12 Peafowls. P. cristatus. 60 Guinea-Fowls. N. meleagqris. 14 White Swans. C. olor. 10 White Ducks. 4. domesticus. 15 Ducks (hybrid). ie domesticus. C. moschata. 187 CONTINUED LIST OF BIRDS INHABITING THE PARK. Family: Fringillide. 130 Padda oryzirora (Linn.), Java Sparrow. Several pair set loose on the Park by Mr. J. Jones. 131 Fringilla celebs (Linn.), Chaffinch. Several pair set loose on the Park. 132 Lowxia leucoptera (Gm.), White-winged Crossbill. Very rare. 133 Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord.), Bonaparte’s Gull. Very rare. Specimen shot after leaving Harlem Lake. ati iy fh a ares ’ ; if nel = & in _ | ii ult