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Extr. 324 Regan Repct .
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. — :
Lo r
S. B. Wootworts, LL. D., Secretary of the Board of Regents of the Uni- versity ¢
Str — Since the date of my last report, specimens of two hundred and thir- teen species of plants have been mounted and placed in the Herbarium, of which one hundred and forty-six were not before represented therein. A list of these is marked (1).
Specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, Hamilton, Mont- gomery, Onondaga, Oswego, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie and Ulster. These represent one hundred and sixty-six species new to the Herbarium, one hundred and sixty-two of which are fungi. Of these seventy-five are regarded as new or previously undescribed species. A list of plants collected is marked (2).
Specimens of fourteen New York species, new to the Herbarium, and not among my collections of the past season, have been furnished by correspondents. These, added to those collected, make the whole number of additions one hun- dred and eighty. There are, besides, a considerable number of extra-limital contributions. A list of the contributors and their contributions is marked (8).
New species, with their descriptions, and previously unreported species, are given in a section marked (4).
New stations of rare plants, remarks and observations are given in a section marked (5).
The general fruitfulness of the past season extended to the domain of fungi. Toward the end of summer the frequent showers and warm weather brought out these lowly plants in great abundance. In some localities species of Lycoper- don, commonly known as “ Puff-balls,” were very plentiful. One correspond- ent, in speaking of the Engraved puff-ball, Z. calatwm, and the Cup-shaped puff-ball, L. cyathiforme, says: ‘‘Of these we have freely eaten for several weeks, They are most excellent. Within the limits of our town more than a ton of them rotted on the ground.’ The number of species of puff-balls now known to inhabit our State is sixteen. The published descriptions of these are scattered and not always accessible. In some instances the descriptions are very imperfect and unsatisfactory, and technical terms are employed in them, which, without explanation, are scarcely intelligible to persons unaccustomed to the language of scientific description. These facts, together with the importance of fungi as an article of food, and the desirability of bringing them more blic notice and of enabling people generally to recognize the species, if ish, have induced me to prepare a monograph of our New York species, in which the descriptions have been rewritten and the more technical terms fully explained. Copious remarks have been added to the descriptions, and the principal distinctive features of the species have been specially mentioned. The monograph on the genus Lycoperdon is marked (6). By its aid, it is thought, that any person, whether botanist or not, will be able to identify our species.
Specimens of puff-balls, when sliced and pressed, as they sometimes are, and mounted on herbarium sheets in the usual manner, lose much of their natural beauty and often have their distinctive specific characters impaired. I have,
2
18 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
i therefore, collected and preserved a series of specimens in paper boxes. By this method of preservation the natural colors, shape and other characters are all retained as well as it is possible to preserve them in the dried state. With such specimens for study and comparison, clear ideas of the specific characters can be obtained, and all difficulty in the identification of the species is avoided.
(1..) PLANTS MOUNTED. Not new to the Herbarium.
Thalictrum purpurascens LJ. Spergularia rub. v. campestris Gv. Rhus aromatica Ait.
R. typhina L.
Medicago lupulina L. Amphicarpza monoica Nuit. Gleditschia triacanthus L. Robinia Pseudacacia L. Potentilla recta L. Crateegus tomentosa J, Ribes prostratum L’ Her. Penthorum sedoides L. Sanicula Marilandica L. Pastinica sativa L.
Aster cordifolius LD. Xanthium spinosum L. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Spreng. Vaccinium corymbosum ZL. Utricularia gibba L. Verbena bracteosa Mz. Lithospermum arvense L. Fraxinus pubescens Lam. Montelia tamariscina Nutt. Polygonum Hydropiper L. Ulmus Americana JL,
U: fulva Ma.
Ostrya Virginica Willd. Alnus viridis DC.
5 serrulata Ait.
A. incana Wil/d. Betula populifolia Ait. Ariszema triphyllum Torr. A. Dracontium JL. Lemna minor L.
Lemna perpusilla Torr. Potamogeton Oakesianus Robbins. Sagittaria het. v. augustifolia, Habenaria leucophzea Gr. Trillium erythrocarpum Mz. a: erectum J).
Lilium Canadense Z.
Scirpus Eri. v. cyperinus Gr. Eleocharis palustris R. Br. K. melanocarpa Torr. Carex str. v. aperta Gv. Triticum caninum
Poa trivialis Z.
Glyceria aquatica Sin.
(OF Canadensis Jin. Calamagrostis Pickeringii Gr. Poa laxa Hanke.
lee alsodes Gr.
je compressa L. Brachyelytrum aristatum Bo. Dicksonia punctilobula Kze. Polypodium vulgare Z. Aspidium spinulosum Sw.
A. acrostichoides Sw.
iA, crist. v. Clintonianum. Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Onoclea sens. v. obtusilobata. Scolopendrium vulgare Sm. Asplenium Rutamuraria L. Botrychium Lunaria Sw.
B. simplex Hitch. i. B. lanceolatum Angst. p B. Virg. v. gracile.
New to the Herbarium.
Solidago humilis Pwrsh. Utricularia subulata L,
Salix purpurea L.
Pinus mitis Mx.
Potamogeton lonchitis Tuckm.
Musceari racemosum JL. Pogonia affinis Ast. Eleocharis tricostata Torr. Hypnum rusciforme Weis. Calicium curtum 7. & B.
Report or THE Boranist. 19
Calicium brunneolum Ach. Arthonia polymorpha Ach. Graphis eulectra Tuckm. Sirosiphon tomentosum Aviz.
Chlorostylium cataractarum Aviz.
Agaricus cristatellus PA. fumescens Pk. pinophilus PA. rubromarginatus Hr, radicatellus Pé. chrysophyllus 4’. abscondens PA. septicus Hr. albogriseus PA. micropus Pk, undulatellus PA. rhodocalyx Lasch. vermifluus PA. limonellus PA. squarrosoides Pk, mycenoides 1’, paludinellus Pk. lentiformis PA. hymenocephalus PA, camptopus Ph. Coprinus rotundosporus PA, C. macrosporus Pk, Cortinarius Copakensis PA. C. lapidophilus /’A. Marasmius calopus /7. Boletus Satanus Lenz. Polyporus pallidus Schultz. iP. induratus PA.
P. subiculosus P&é.
Pr. semitinctus PA. Hydnum sulphurellum PA. Mucronella calva A. & S. M. ageregata Hy, Solenia villosa F’r. Craterellus dubius PA. Cyphella sulphurea Batsch.
imme Sages 22 Ss
Stereum sanguinolentum A. & S
Clavaria fumigata Ph.
C: corynoides Ph. Tremella lutescens Pers. Guepinia Peziza Twi. Hymenula olivacea PA. Physarum inzequalis Pk. P. ornatum Ps.
iP atrorubrum Pk. ES psittacinum Dittm. Badhamia affinis Rosi. Didymium eximium Px. D. angulatum PA.
Chondrioderma difforme Pers. Diachzea subsessilis PA. Comatricha Friesiana De By. C. pulchella Bab. Lamproderma violaceum F’. Areyria pomiformis Post. Oligonema brevifila PA. Trichia inconspicua Rost. Lycogala flavofuscum Hhr. Sacidium Pini F’.
Septoria Verbascicola B. & C. Si Waldsteinie P. & C. Phyllosticta Lonicerze Desm. Vermicularia trichella Grev. Ve. albomaculata Schw.
| Melanconium Americanum P. & C.
Sporidesmium sicynum Thum. Phragmidium bulbosum Sch. Uromyces polymorphus P. & C. U. Trifoli A’ck/.
Ustilago Salvei B. & Br. Massospora cicadina PA. Isaria limonipes Pk.
Stilbum flavipes PA.
S. rigidum Pers. Sporocybe abietina Pk. Helminthosporium Hydropiperis Tham H. interseminatum B. & C. Cladosporium Graminum LA. Botryosporium pulchrum Berk. Polyactis vulgaris (4. Aspergillus flavus LA. Peronospora pygmxa Ung. Peronospora simplex Ph. Mucor ramosus /2//.
M. caninus Pers.
Peziza Acetabulum J,
succosa Berk. vuleanalis P&. gallmacea Pk, sulphurea Pers. viridicoma P£. Osmunde C. & H. umbrorum FeAl. planodiscus P. & C. brunneola Desi. ielonann albopunctum PA.
Ely, phyllophilum PA. Hematomyces orbicularis PA. Patellaria olivacea Batsch. Dermatea carnea C. & H.
dD. phyllophila Ps.
iD: Xanthoxyli Ps.
Tympanis acerina PA.
Je REMC! 201 ioe RICA
2.0 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT
Cenangium Cassandre PA.
C. pezizoides Pk, Rhytisma maximum /’77. Phacidium brunneolum P4. Hysterium hyalospermum Ger. Triblidium morbidum PA. Hypoderma Corni Fr.
H. nervisequum DC. Hypocrea viridis Tode.
Hypoxylon xanthocreas B. & C.
Diatrype asterostoma B. & C. Dothidea Epilobii F’.
Valsa Xanthoxyli P&.
ve translucens De Not.
ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
| Massaria gigaspora Desm.
Lophiostoma prominens P&. L. scelesta C. & H.
5 aes pulchriseta PA, curvicolla Pk. sorghophila Pk.
S fimiseda C. & D.
S. phellogena B. & C. S. cladosporiosa Schw. S 8
DDN
Marciensis Pk. Crepini West.
8. Typhe Schw.
Ss. Gnomon 'ode. Venturia Dickiei De Wot.
Pp: . .
(2.)
PLANTS COLLECTED. | Cortinarius iodes B. & C. C.
Plantago Rugelii Decaisne. Zygnema insigne Hassal. Chantransia violacea Aéz. Gleotrichia Pisum Thuret. oe spretus Pk. impolitoides Pk, alboides P&. patuloides PA, subhirtus P&é. dealbatus Sow. leptolomus PA. odorus Bull. anisarius Pk, hygrophoroides PA, lentinoides PA. atratoides Pk. cremoraceus Pf. luteopallens PA. Epichysium Pers. tomentosulus P&. umbrosus Pe7's. dysthales Pk. muricatus F’, carbonarius Ff’, sapineus Fy, aquatilis J’, eutheloides PA. nodulosporus PA, infelix Pk. trechisporus Berk. Artemisie Pass. modestus Pk.
Popes eas Boe an ee eee nae
cerulescens Fr.
| (OH amarus Pk. ihe OH erystallinus Fr.
C: opimus F%.
ha Ge furfurellus Pk. Gn bivelus Fr.
@ armeniacus Fy, Lactarius pubescens F’,
heulliz: corrugis Pk. | Russula nigricans Fr,
BR. compacta Frost. R. delica F’r. R: olivascens FH.
Haslet flavida Frost.
Hygrophorus lividoiilbus F’7.
_ Marasmius archyropus Pers.
Boletus punctipes P&. B. sensibilis P&. Be: Roxane Frost.
Jy Be rubinellus Ps.
Polyporus circinatus Lr, parvulus A/ofzsch. simillimus Ps.
Morgani Prost.
chrysoloma Fr. molluseus Fy. Trametes Trogii Berk. Hydnum alutaceum Lr. Craterellus Cantharellus Schw. C. clavatus Ly.
le Pe ge 22 cuticularis Bui. iE Pp:
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. ik
Corticium subrepandum B. & Ck. Thelephora radiata Holmsk. Clavaria formosa Pers.
C. . fastigiata L.
C. corrugata Aarst.
C. flaccida Hr.
Pterula divaricata Pk. Tremella subcarnosa Pk.
_ Dacrymyces conglobatus Pk. Phallus Ravenelii B. & C. Geaster Capensis Thum. Melanogaster variegatus T'wl. Rhizopogon rubescens Twi. Knerthenema papillata Pers. Cribraria vulgaris Sehrad. Depazea juglandina Fy, Vermicularia compacta C. & EH. Septoria Populi Desm.
8. Canadensis Pk. Spheropsis cornina P&.
S. typhina Pk.
8. Peckiana Thum. Synchytrium Anemones DC. Protomyces conglomeratus Pk, Puccinia Scirpi Lh.
Torula anomala P&, Acrospermum album PA, Isaria fulvipes PA. Tubercularia hirtissima PA.
qT; floccosa Lk.
Periconia albiceps Ph. Septosporium velutinum C. & H.
Helminthosporium obovatum Berk. Cladosporium compactum B. & C.
Heterosporium Ornithogali A/. Fusicladium dendriticum Wadllr. Polyactis cinerea Berk. QOidium destruens PA. Ramularia effusa P#. albomaculata Pk. lineola PA.
Fragarize Pk. Norvegicze Pk. Plantaginis PA, variabilis /ck. angustata Pk. Cercospora Roseecola Pass.
C. Apu Fes. Glomerularia Corni Pk. Peronospora Ficarize De By.
| Corydalis De By.
pe Fo
CAA Ch Ta A WA oh WO Th A
Peronospora gangliformis Berk. Sporotrichum larvatum PA. 8. sulphureum G'rev.
ise alutaceum Sehw.
Spondylocladium tenellum P&. Penicillium bicolor F’r. Acremonium flexuosum PA. Sepedonium cervinum Dittm. S. brunneum Ps. Morchella angusticeps Ph, Gyromitra curtipes Fr. Geoglossum irregulare Pk, Peziza euplecta Ck. melastoma Sow. apiculata Ck. tetradnalis Pk. humosoides Pk. longipila Pk.
aurata H'ck/. melaleuca Fr. urticina Pk,
Typhze PA. enterochroma PA, elotium palustre Pk. fraternum Pk, lutescens F's. vibrisseoides PA, Dermatea minuta Ps.
ee SS ae eae
me
| Patellaria pusilla PA.
| Bulgaria bicolor PA.
k iB: deligata Pk.
| Hypomyces luteivirens F’r, | Exoascus Pruni chil.
Taphrina aurea Fr, Hypoxylon udum Fr. Dothidea reticulata FH’. Diatrype verrucoides Pk, Valsa pulviniceps PA.
Ve Sorbi F’r. Lophiostoma bicuspidata Ch. Spheeria squamulata Schw. albidostoma PA. subiculata Schw. intricata P&. scopula C. & P. subdenudata PA. livida Fr.
humulina P&. clavarilna P&. pheerella Peckii Spegaz. septorioides Pk.
922, THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
(3.) CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Rev. H. Wipse, Oswego, N. Y.. Listera australis Lindl. | Botrychium simplex Hitch.
Prof. Py A. Porssant, Troy; N: Ye Solidago Virgaurea L. |
Appison Brown, New York City, N. Y.
Lepidium Draba Z. Asperugo procumbens L. L. ruderale L. Matricaria Chamomilla LZ. Thlaspi arvense L. Aster memoralis Ait.
Alliaria officinalis DC. E. S. Minter, Wading River, N. Y. Glaucium luteum Scop. | Hypericum adpressum Barton. N. L. Britton, New Dorp, N. Y. Pinus mitis Mz. 5 | Pinus inops Aié. H. A. Warne, Oneida, N. Y. Cynophallus caninus F’7. |
L. M. Unperwoop, Syracuse, N. Y. Zygadenus glaucus Nuit. |
Hon. G. W. Curnron, Buffalo, N. Y.
Aster Nove-Anglie L. Verticillium lateritium Hr.
A. ericoides L. Sporotrichum virescens Lh. Gentiana puberula Wz. Peziza Spherella P. & C. Hydnoum cinnabarinum Schw. Helotium Sarmentorum F’7.
H. fuscoiitrum Fr, Spheria pulviscula Curr. Clathrus cancellatus L. 8. infectoria Hck, Spheropsis pulchrispora P. & C. Grandinia membranacea P. & C.
Tubercularia subdiaphana Schw.
W. Doorirrie, Medusa, N. Y. Lycoperdon giganteum Batsch. |
S. H. Wriaut, M. D., Penn Yan, N. Y.
Potamageton crispus L. Ulmus racemosa Thomas. Desmodium nudiflorum DC. Polygonum amphibium L. Aster puniceus L, PE. Hartwrightii Gr.
A. P. Morean, Dayton, Ohio. Agaricus Morgani Pé. | Polyporus Morgani F’rost.
Report oF THE BoTANIST. 23
Prof. A. M. Jonnson, Minneapolis, Minn.
Polyporus tomentoso-quercinus Johns. |
H. W. Ravenat, Aiken, S. C.
Lentinus Lecomtei Fr. Phallus rubicundus Bose.
Lycoperdon leprosum Bb. & Rav.
C. F. Austin, Closter, N. J.
Micromitrium Austinii Sailiv.
| Agaricus chlorinosmus P&.
M.S. Bess, Fountaindale, Il.
Salix petiolaris Smith.
W. C. Stevenson,_JR., Philadelphia, Pa.
Trametes suaveolens Fr.
| Polyporus cuticularis F’r.
W. F. Bunny, Sauk City, Wis.
Podaxon Warnei PA.
Prof. W. G. Farrow, Cambridge, Mass.
Synchytrium Myo. v. Potentillze. 8. papillatum Far. Peronospora Ficarizee Twi.
P: obducens Schroet.
iP: Potentille De By.
P. nivea Ung.
Ramularia macrospora F’res. Cenangium pythium B. & C. §
Podisoma Ellisii Berk. Uromyces Junci Schw.
LU Dactylidis Otth.
Puccinia Epil. v. Proserpinacese. Taphrina aurea F’r.
he alnitorqua Tul. Ascomyces deformans Berk.
Dothidea vorax B. & C.
E. A. Rav, Bethlehem, Pa.
Puccinia Grindeliz Ph. P. Kuhniz Schw. lie cladophila P&. Accidium gracilens Pk.
| Uromyces sanguineus Ph, t eT Brandegei Pk.
| U: simulans PA,
| U. _ plumbarius PA.
J. B. Exuis, Newfield, N. J.
Trametes suaveolens F’. Polyporus volvatus Pk. Uromyces Junci Schw. Helicosporium olivaceum Pk.
H. ellipticum Pk.
FE lilacinum Hillis.
Diplodia ilicicola Desm. Vermicularia compacta C. & EH. Hymenula eruginosa C. & H. Corticium subrepandum B. & Che. Septosporium preelongum Sace. Cercospora grisea C. & H. Polyactis streptothrix C. & EH. Cheetostroma olivaceum C. & EH.
Peziza fuscidula C. & HE.
| Be regalis C. & H.
P.. pulverulenta Lid.
PR. atrocinerea Ck.
EB: Pinastri C. & P.
Meliola amphitricha F’r.
| Lophiostoma cyclopeum Hillis. Spheria barbirostris Duf.
ese Eriophora Ck.
S. soluta C. & H.
S. distributa C. & H. S. Desmodii PA.
S. Ogilviensis B. & Br.
94 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT OF THE STATE MUSEUM.
(4.) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
GLAUCIUM LUTEUM Scop. Shore of Fort Pond Bay, Montauk Point. H. S. Willer.
ALLIARIA OFFICINALE DC. Hunter’s Point, Westchester County. Addison Brown.
HYPERICUM ADPRESsSUM Bart. Between Sag Harbor and East Hampton. Miller.
ASTER NEMORALIS Ait. Long island and Hitchings Pond, Adirondack Mountains. Brown.
Prantaco Ruger Decaisne. Not uncommon about Albany, but often confused with Plantago major.
GENTIANA PUBERULA Moa. Buffalo G. W. Clinton.
PoTaAMoGETON cRIsPUS L. Keuka Lake, Yates County. S. H. Wright.
CHANTRANSIA VIOLACEA Kiz. Wet rocks in rapid streams. Sprakers. June. This alga forms soft mats or cushions of a dark-red or purplish color on rocks kept wet by rapidly flowing water. ZYGNEMA INSIGNE Hassel. Standing water in ditches. North Greenbush. June.
GuiaorricHiA Pisum Thuret. Floating and submerged leaves of water plants. Brewerton. Sept.
Micromitrrium Avstinut Suiliv. Ground. Rockland County. C. Ff. Austin.
Agaricus (AMANITA) SPRETUS 7. sp.
Pileus subovate, then convex or expanded, smooth or adorned with a few fragments of the volva, substriate on the margin, whitish or pale-brown ; lamellz close, reaching the stem, white; stem equal, smooth, annulate, stuffed or hollow, whitish, finely striate at the top from the decurrent lines of the lamellze, not bulbous at the base, but the volva rather large, loose, sub- ochreate ; spores elliptical, generally with a single large nucleus, .0004- .0005' long, .00025'/—.0003/ broad.
Plant 4-6! high, pileus 3—5' broad, stem 4/6’ thick.
Ground in open places, Sandlake and Gansevoort. Aug.
This species belongs to the Phalloidean section, and is related to A. por- phyrius and A. recutitus. The margin of the pileus is generally clearly, though sometimes obsoletely, striate. The absence of a bulbous base sepa- rates it from A. mappu.
REPoRT OF THE BOTANIST. AG
Agaricus (TRICHOLOMA) IMPOLITOIDES 7. sp.
Pileus convex, then expanded, obtuse, dry, fibrillose-tomentose, becoming squamose on the disk, sometimes distantly striate on the margin, whitish, the disk usually brownish; lamelle close, emarginate, whitish; stem equal, solid, slightly fibrillose, white ; spores elliptical, .00025' long, .0002’ broad ; flesh white, taste farinaceous.
Plant 3’—4' high, pileus 2’-5' broad, stem 3/’—5” thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
This plant is closely related to A. impolitus, but I do not find the stem squamose nor the taste salty or peppery as in that species. It sometimes grows in circles. The scaly disk at first sight is suggestive of species of Lepiota.
Aqgaricus (TRICHOLOMA) ALBOIDES 7. sp.
Pileus compact, firm, convex, glabrous, white, the disk tinged with yellow or brown; lamelle crowded, rounded behind, subfree, white; stem nearly equal, solid, firm, squamulose at the apex, white; spores subelliptical, .0002/— .00025' long, .00016' broad; taste at first bitter, then very acrid, odor strong, earthy or subfetid.
Plant 3-4’ high, pileus 2-3’ broad, stem 5/-6' thick.
Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
This species is very near to A. alus, but its compact pileus, peppery taste and strong odor seem to require its separation. The stem sometimes penetrates the earth quite deeply.
AGARICUS (CLITOCYBE) SUBHIRTUS 2. sp.
Pileus convex or expanded, sometimes slightly depressed, at first tomen- tose-hairy and pale-yellow or buff colored, then nearly glabrous and whitish, the margin incurved ; lamelle close, adnate or decurrent, whitish or pale yellow; stem subequal, stuffed or hollow, whitish; spores subglobose, or broadly elliptical, .00025’ long.
Plant 1’—3’ high, pileus 1-3’ broad, stem 2!’—4" thick.
Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
The species is apparently related to A. swbalutaceus. The pileus becomes smoother and paler with age. The spores sometimes present an irregular form.
AGaRIcUS (CLITOCYBE) PATULOIDES 7. sp.
Pileus compact, convex or expanded, glabrous, the cuticle sometimes breaking up into small appressed scales, whitish or pale-yellow, the margin incurved ; lamellz thin, crowded, decurrent and reticulately connected in thin lines; stem equal, solid, firm, glabrous, whitish; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .00025 —.0003/ long; flesh pure white.
Plant gregarious or circinating, 2—4! high, pileus 1-4 broad, stem 4’— 10” thick.
In groves and open woods. Brewerton. Sept.
The reticulations of the narrowly decurrent lamellee at the top of the stem indicate a relationship with A. patulws, but it appears to be a Clitocybe, not a Tricholoma, and therefore must be distinct.
26 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
AGARICUS DEALBATUS Sow. Grassy pastures. Brewerton. Sept.
AGARICUS oDoRUs Bull.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug. In our specimens the lamellz are close and white, and the pileus loses its green color with age.
Agaricus (CLITOCYBE) ANISARIUS 7. sp.
Pileus convex, then expanded, greenish-gray with the margin incurved, then grayish or whitish, adorned with minute innate fibrils, slightly pruinose and substriate on the margin; lamellz adnate or decurrent, narrow, crowded, white; stem subequal, firm, hollow, whitish; spores subelliptical, .00025' long; odor weak but pleasant, anise-like.
Plant 2-4’ high, pileus 1.5’-3’ broad, stem 2-3 | thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
This is closely related to A. connexus, from which it is easily separated by the hollow stem.
AGaricus (CLITOCYBE) LEPTOLOMUS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, plane or infundibuliform, umbilicate, hygrophanous, smooth, creamy-white when moist, white when dry, the margin very thin; lamelle thin, narrow, crowded, some of them forked, decurrent, white ; stem equal, smooth, generally curved or flexuous, stuffed, colored like the pileus, white-villous at the base; spores very minute, subelliptical, .00012’ long.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose 2'—3’ high, pileus about 2/ broad, stem 1-2" thick.
Decaying prostrate trunks in woods. Indian Lake. Aug.
The width of the lamellz is about equal to the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. They taper gradually toward each end, where they are very narrow.
The species may be distinguished from A. truncicola by its hygrophanous umbilicate pileus. The stem is sometimes eccentric.
Aaaricus (COLLYBIA) CREMORACEUS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, submembranaceous, convex or campanulate, obtuse, dry, slightly silky, dingy cream color, the margin sometimes wavy; lamelle broad, ascending, ventricose, with a decurrent tooth, whitish; stem slender, slightly silky, stuffed or hollow, pallid or subconcolorous; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .00025/ long, .0002’ broad.
Plant 1.5’-2' high, pileus 6-12” broad, stem about 1’ thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
AGaricus (COLLYBIA) HYGROPHOROIDES 7. sp. (Plate II, figs. 21-24.) Pileus subconical, then convex or expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, red- dish or yellowish-red when moist, paler when dry; lamellz sub-distant, rounded behind or deeply emarginate, eroded on the edge, whitish ; stem nearly equal, striate, stuffed or hollow, whitish; spores subelliptical, .0002'-00025’ long, .00016’ broad.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. OM
Plant subceespitose, 2/-3' high, pileus 1/-1.5’ broad, stem 2’—3!' thick.
Decaying half-buried wood. Knowersville. May.
At first sight the young pileus is suggestive of the pileus of Hygrophorus conicus, both in shape and color. When dry the color is pallid or subochra- ceous.
AGARICUS (COLLYBIA) LENTINOIDES 7%. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous, reddish-brown or chest- nut color when moist, reddish-alutaceous when dry; lamelle narrow, close, adnexed, serrate on the edge, white; stem equal, substriate, slightly pruinose at the apex, white.
Plant about 2’ high, pileus 6’—10' broad, stem 1” thick.
Ground in wooded swamps. Root, Montgomery County. June.
The serrated lamellz and white substriated stem will serve to distinguish this species from A. dryophilus.
AGARICUS (COLLYBIA) ATRATOIDES 7. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, subumbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanous, blackish- brown when moist, grayish-brown and shining when dry ; lamellze rather broad, adnate, subdistant, grayish-white, often venulose-connected and transversely marked above with slender veins; stem equal, hollow, smooth, grayish-brown, with a whitish tomentum at the base; spores nearly globose, about .0002/ across.
Plant gregarious or subcespitose, about 1’ high, pileus 6-10" broad, stem .5’’-1” thick.
Decaying mossy sticks and logs in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
The species belongs to the section Tephrophanz, and is apparently related to A. atratus.
Agaricus (MycENA) LUTEOPALLENS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, smooth, striatulate on the margin when moist, bright yellow, becoming paler when dry; lamellz moderately close, subarcuate, yellow ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, smooth, hollow, yellow, with yellow hairs and fibrils at the base.
Plant single or czespitose, 2’ high, pileus 3//-6” broad, stem about 1” thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Adirondack Mountains. Aug. :
This species may be distinguished from Hygrophorus parvulus by its subezspitose habit, and the yellow hairs at the base of the stem.
Agaricus Epricuysium Pers. Decaying prostrate trunks of trees. Indian Lake. Aug.
AGARIcUSs (PLUTEUS) TOMENTOSULUS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or expanded, subumbonate, dry, minutely squamulose- tomentose, white, sometimes pinkish on the margin; lamelle rather broad, rounded behind, free, crowded, white, then flesh-colored ; stem equal, solid, striate, slightly pubescent or subtomentose, white ; spores subglobose, .0003' in diameter, generally containing a single large nucleus.
28 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Plant 2/-5’ high, pileus 1 —3' broad, stem 2/—4'' thick. Decaying wood. Catskill Mountains and Gansevoort. July and August.
AGARICUS UMBROsUsS Pers. Decaying wood. Indian Lake. Aug.
Agaricus (ENTOLOMA) DYSTHALES 7. sp.
Pileus submembranaceous, subconical, then conyex or expanded, obtuse, striate, furfuraceous or squamulose, lurid-brown, becoming paler with age; lamellz broad, subdistant, ventricose, brown or grayish-brown, then flesh- colored ; stem equal, hollow, slender, tomentose-squamulose, brownish ; spores irregularly oblong-elliptical, .0006/—.00065' long, about half as broad, usually containing a single large nucleus.
Plant about 2! high, pileus 3’—6” broad, stem about 1 thick.
Damp ground in woods. Catskill Mountains. July.
The species belongs to the section Leptonidei. It has a peculiar starved deformed appearance, whence the specific name. To the naked eye the pileus appears to be clothed with minute branny scales, but under a lens these are seen to be jointed matted filaments which form a kind of thin squamulose tomentum. In some specimens it is more dense than in others, both on the pileus and stem. The general outline of the spores is narrowly elliptical, but they are somewhat pointed at the base and they also have the angular pro- jections, which are generally present on the spores of species of Entoloma. The adornment of the pileus and stem indicates an affinity with A. jubatus, but our plant is much smaller than that and is very different in its habit.
AGARICUS MURICATUS F7. Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Carlisle and Indian Lake. June and August.
AGARICUS TRECHISPORUS Berk.
Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
Only a single specimen was found. The pileus is nearly white and the plant odorless, but in other respects it agrees well with the description of the species to which we have referred it.
he
Agaricus (INocYBE) NODULOSPORUS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, hemispherical or convex, obtuse, floccose-squamose, dark cervine-brown or umber color, the scales of the disk usually erect ; lamelle rounded behind, adnexed, ventricose, pallid, then ferruginous-cinnamon, white and minutely toothed on the margin ; stem equal, solid, tomentose-squamulose, colored like the pileus; spores rough, .0003’-.00035! long.
Plant about 1’ high, pileus 4-8” broad, stem scarcely 1/’ thick.
Decaying wood in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
This species agrees very closely with the description of A. lanuginosus, to which I should have referred it but for the rough spores. It is smaller than A. stellatosporus, of a paler color and a more soft and woolly appearance. Both belong to the section Squarrosi.
ReporT oF THE BOTANIST. 29
Aaaricus (INOCYBE) EUTHELOIDES 7”. sp.
Pileus thin, conic or campanulate, then expanded, distinctly umbonate, silky-fibrillose, subrimose, varying in color from grayish-cervine to chestnut- brown, the disk sometimes squamulose ; lamelle moderately close, rather broad, ventricose, narrowed or rounded behind, adnexed, whitish, then ferru- ginous-brown, white and denticulate on the edge; stem equal, subflexuous, solid, whitish-fibrillose, pallid ; spores even, uninucleate, gibbous or unequally elliptical, .00035'—.0004’ long ; flesh of the pileus white.
Plant 1 —2' high, pileus 6 /-12! broad, stem 1'/-2’' thick.
Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
The species seems to be closely aed to A. eutheles, from which it differs in the character of the lamellw, which are rather abruptly and strongly narrowed behind, in the absence of a farinaceous odor and in the character of the spores. The stem is paler then the pileus, sometimes being nearly white. The species belongs to the section Rimosi.
Agaricus (INocYBE) INFELIX 7. sp.
Pileus campanulate, convex or expanded, subumbonate, fibrallese: -squamu- - lose, grayish-brown or umber ; lamella close, emarginate, ventricose, rather broad, whitish, then ferruginous-brown ; stem equal, solid, pallid or whitish, sometimes darker toward the base, silky fibrillose, white and pruinose at the top; spores oblong, .0004'-.0005’ long, about .0002’ broad; flesh of the pileus white, odor none.
Plant 1-2’ high, pileus 6 ‘-12° broad, stem 1’'—2” thick.
Sterile mossy ground in open places. Indian Lake. Aug.
The species belongs to the section Laceri. In wet weather the pileus becomes more lacerated than in dry. It generally becomes paler with age. A small form occurs in which the pileus is scarcely umbonate and 4-6!
broad, with the stem about half an inch high. The oblong spores afford a ready character by which to separate this species from the preceding.
AGARICUS SAPINEUS Pr. Decaying prostrate trunks. Brewerton. Sept.
AGARICUS CARBONARIUS Fr, Burnt ground. Sandlake. May.
AGARICUS AQUATILIS Fr. In wet moss along rivulets. Catskill Mountains. July.
AGARICUS FLAVIDUS Scheff. Decaying wood. Indian Lake. Aug.
Agaricus ARTEMISIZ Pass. Damp ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
Acaricus (HyPHOLOMA) MODESTUS 7%. sp. Pileus thin, convex or subconical, then expanded, rarely slightly umbonate, hygrophanous, reddish-brown or pale chestnut-colored when moist, dingy or
30 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
ochraceous-brown when dry, smooth, the margin whitened when young by the flocculent evanescent veil, sometimes striate; lamelle plane, broad, adnate or slightly emarginate, usually with a decurrent tooth, grayish or clouded, becoming purplish-brown, the edge white ; stem equal, rather firm, hollow, fibrillose, brownish ; spores purple-brown, broadly ovate, compressed, .00025'—.0003! long.
Plant gregarious, about 1’ high, pileus 4-10” broad, stem about 1” thick.
Bark and branches lying on the ground in woods. Adirondack Mountains. Aug.
The species belongs to the section Appendiculati. In drying the disk changes its color first.
CORTINARIUS CHRULESCENS Fy,
Ground in woods and groves. Brewerton. Sept. Our specimens were violet rather than blue, but they were not very young and may have lost some of their original color.
CorTINARIUS CRYSTALLINUS F’7. Mossy ground 1 in low woods. Sandlake. Oct. The specimens are much smaller than the dimensions given in the deserip- tion, and the habitat is different, but they agree very well with the figures of the species.
CORTINARIUS (PHLEGMACIUM) AMARUS 1%. Sp.
Pileus convex or expanded, often irregular, smooth, glutinous in wet weather, yellow, the disk sometimes tinged with red, pale-yellow when dry, the margin whitish; lamellie close, rounded behind, whitish, then ochraceous- cinnamon ; stem soft, tapering upward, solid, whitish, at first clothed with white silky fibrils ; flesh white, taste very bitter.
Plant gregarious or subcwspitose, 1/-2 high, pileus about 1’ broad, stem 2' 4" thick.
Ground under spruce and balsam trees. Adirondack Mountains. Aug.
In wet weather the stem is sometimes viscid, apparently from the gluten of the pileus running down upon it.
CoRTINARIUS IODES B. & C.
Ground in woods. Sandlake. Aug.
This is a small but beautiful species, the pileus, lamelle and stem being of a bright-violet or purplish-violet hue. The spores are subelliptical, gen- erally uninucleate, .0004! long, .00025' broad.
CoORTINARIUS OPIMUS Fr. Ground in woods, Catskill Mountains. July.
CoRTINARIUS BIVELUS /7. In woods about the margin of swamps. Center. Sept. The margin is often whitish with superficial fibrils which sometimes form a continuous zone and sometimes are collected in patches
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 31
CorTINARIUS (TELAMONIA) FURFURELLUS 2. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, furfuraceous with minute squamules, hygrophanous, watery-tawny when moist, pale ochraceous when dry ; lamellz broad, thick, distant, adnate or slightly emarginate, tawny-yellow, then cinnamon ; stem equal, peronate, colored like the pileus, with a slight annulus near the top; spores subelliptical, minutely rough, 0003 —.0004’ long, .00025’ broad.
Piant 1’-2 ‘high, pileus 1/2’ broad, stem 2/4” thick.
Moist ground in open places. Gansevoort. Aug.
CORTINARIUS ARMENIACUS Ff”. Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
HyGROPHORUS LIVIDOALBUS JF7. Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept.
LAcTARIUS PUBESCENS F7.
Ground in open woods, Sandlake and Gansevoort. Aug.
Our specimens have the margin of the pileus obsoletely pubescent, and generally narrowly zonate. The stem is white, and either equal or tapering downward ; it is sometimes spotted, but I have not seen it with incarnate tints. In other respects they agree so well with the description of LL. pube- scens, that I have concluded to refer them to that species.
LACTARIUS CORRUGIS Nn. sp.
Pileus fleshy, compact, firm, convex, then expanded or centrally depressed, merulioid or corrugated with gyrose-reticulate wrinkles, dark reddish-brown or chestnut-colored, becoming paler with age, suffused as if with a slight pruinosity ; lamellee close, dark creamy-yellow or sub-cinnamon, becoming paler, often distilling drops of moisture, sordid or brownish where bruised ; stem equal, solid, firm, paler than the pileus, sub-pruinose ; spores large, sub- globose, .00045 —.0005' in diameter, intermixed with small acicular points or spicules, .0016 —.002' long; flesh whitish or cream-colored, milk copious, white, mild.
Plant 4—6' high, pileus 3’-5’ broad, stem 6-12” thick.
Ground in woods. Sandlake, Gansevoort and Brewerton. August and September.
This remarkable species is related to LZ. volemus, {t is, however, of a darker color, and the surface of the pileus is very uneven from the presence of rugze or folds, which present an appearance much like that of the hymenium of some species of Merulius. The spicules of the lamelle too are a peculiar
feature. They are so numerous that under a lens they give a pubescent appearance to the edge of the lamelle.
Russuta nigricans Bull. Ground in woods. Gansevoort and Brewerton. Aug. and Sept. Our specimens agree with the description in every respect except that the lamellz are not distant.
32 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Russuta DELica FY’. :
Ground in woods. Center and Brewerton.
This very closely resembles Lactarius vellereus, from which it may be dis- tinguished by its mild taste, and the absence of a milky juice. From the juiceless variety of L. vellereus its mild taste alone furnishes a separating character.
Rossuta compacta Frost MS.
Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, sometimes centrally depressed, dry, whitish, sometimes tinged or spotted with reddish or yellowish hues, becoming dingy or reddish alutaceous when old or dry, the margin thin but even; lamelle broad, sub-distant, unequal, a few of them forked, nearly free, white, becom- ing brown when bruised or dried ; stem equal, firm, rather short, solid, white, changing color like the pileus; spores subglobose, nearly smooth, .00035/ in diameter ; flesh whitish or subalutaceous, taste mild, odor when drying very disagreeable
Plant 2-4’ high, pileus 3’—5/ broad, stem 8-12" thick.
Ground in open woods. Sandlake and Brewerton. Aug. and Sept.
Our specimens do not fully agree with Mr. Frost’s manuscript description, but they approach so near an agreement that we have not thought best to separate them. ‘lhe pileus is sometimes split on the margin. The change of color in the pileus and stem is nearly the same, but the lamellae become
darker than either. The disagreeable odor is retained a long time by the dried specimens. The species belongs to the section Compactee.
RoussvuLa OLIVASCENS Fy. Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
RussuLta FLAVIDA Frost MS.
Pileus fleshy, convex, slightly depressed in the center, not polished, yellow, the margin at first even, then slightly striate-tuberculate ; lamellz nearly entire, venose-connected, white, then cinereous or yellowish ; stem firm, solid, yellow, sometimes white at the top; spores yellow, subglobose, .00025 —.0003' in diameter; flesh white, taste mild.
Plant 2’-3 high, pileus 2-3 broad, stem 4''-6!' thick.
Ground in woods, Sandlake. Aug.
MARASMIUS ARCHYROPUS Pers.
Ground in woods and swamps. Albany, Adirondack Mountains, etc. This is one of our most common species. It was formerly confused with MW. velutipes. The latter is generally smaller and has the pileus darker colored and usually with a slight umbilicus. The stem is more slender and its velvety covering inclining to a tawny or subochraceous hue. Both species occur in our State.
BoLeETus PUNCTIPES 7. sp. Pileus convex or expanded, glutinous in wet weather, yellow, the thin mar-
gin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, at length recurved; tubes short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, at first brownish, then sordid-yellow ;
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 33
stem firm, thickened at the base, glandular-dotted, exannulate, solid, rhu- barb-yellow; spores .00035'— 0004 long, .00016’ broad, flesh yellowish, inclin- ing to grayish in the stem.
Plant 2/4’ high, pileus 2/—3’ broad, stem 3 /—65’' thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
This species belongs to the section Viscipelles. It is related to such species as B. albus, B. granulatus, ete. Its rhubarb-colored stem thickened at the base and the brownish color of the young hymenium are its distinguishing features.
BoLetus RUBINELLES x. sp. (Plate II, figs. 18-20.)
Pileus at first broadly conical or subconvex, then expanded, subtomentose, red, becoming paler with age; tubes convex, adnate or somewhat depressed around the stem, rather large, subrotund, pinkish-red, then sordid-yellow; stem equal, smooth, yellow with reddish stains; spores oblong, .0005’-.0006' long, .00016’ broad ; flesh of both pileus and stem bright-yellow.
Plant about 2’ high, pileus 1/—2! broad, stem 1 ‘-2’ thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
The species belongs to the section Subtomentosi, and is apparently related to B. rubinus.
BoLeTUSs SENSIBILIS 7. sp.
Pileus at first firm, convex, pruinose-tomentose, brick-red, then expanded, paler or ochraceous-red, glabrous, soft ; tubes at first plane or concave, bright- yellow, then tinged with green, finally sordid-yellow, small, subrotund; stem firm, smooth, lemon-yellow, narrowed at the top when young, and sometimes slightly cribrose from the decurrent walls of the tubes, often stained with red or rhubarb-color; spores greenish-brown, .0005’' long, .00016' broad; flesh of the pileus pale-yellow, of the stem brighter colored and marbled, both fiesh and tubes quickly changing to blue when wounded.
eae scattered or ceespitose, 4/-6' high, pileus 5’—8! broad, stem 6 /-12! thick.
Ground in woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
The species belongs to the section Subpruinosi. The specific name is sug- gested by the ease and rapidity with which the change of color is produced. Merely handling the specimens produces the blue color where they are pressed by the fingers. The species seems near B. miniato-olivaceus, but the differ- ence in the color.of the pileus and in the character of the stem and its sus- ceptibility to change of color seem to require its separation.
BoLetus Roxane Fost. Ground in woods. Sandlake. Aug. The margin of the pileus in our specimens is conspicuously involute when
young. The stem is sometimes yellow at the top. The species belongs to the section Edules.
PoLyporus PaRvuLus Klotsch (P. connatus Schw.). Burnt ground. Brewerton. Sept. Hither a closely related species or else a variety of this one sometimes occurs on shaded banks by roadsides. It has the large pores and spores of
3
34 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
P. parvulus, but the ferruginous or tawny color of P. perennis. I have seen only poor deformed specimens, and for the present prefer to consider it a variety of the above under the name P. parvulus var. deformatus.
PoLYPORUS SIMILLIMUS 2. sp.
Pileus thin, coriaceous, convex or expanded, umbilicate, zonate, cinereous- brown or livid-chestnut color, slightly silky-tomentose and radiately-fibrillose ; pores minute, angular, not at all or but slightly decurrent, cinnamon-color, the dissepiments thin, acute, toothed or lacerated; stem slender, equal, sometimes slightly bulbous at the base, slightly velvety-tomentose, brownish ; spores elliptical, usually uninucleate, .00025'-.0003' long, .0002’ broad.
Plant about 1’ high, pileus 6-12 broad.
Burnt ground. Brewerton. Sept.
This plant occurred in company with the preceding species, and was at first taken to be a mere variety of it. Looking at the upper surface of the pileus alone it is not possible to separate one species from the other. _ But there is such a marked difference in the size of the pores and in the length of the spores that it scarcely seems right to lump the two together as one species. The spores are scarcely as large as in P. splendens and P. perennis, and they sometimes exhibit a slight incarnate tinge. In all the four species men- tioned the pilei are sometimes confluent and sometimes have the margin fim- briate. P. pictus, another closely related species, but one which has not yet occurred with us, may be distinguished from the others by its glabrous stem.
The prominent characters of our four species may be expressed as follows:
Pileus plane or convex, umbilicate, opake.
Pores large, rather long, scarcely decurrent........ 6. .eeeee P. parvulus K/lotsch. Pores small, rather long, scarcely decurrent...... ...0.. ++. P. simillimus Ph. Pileus plane or convex, umbilicate, shining, pores small, Serine hy GROVIGRO Moyen oot, aos OG0u, SOO IGU HOCOAO 50d. 526 P. splendens Pk. Pileus plane or infundibuliform, opake. pores short, small, GYEO INET Abodon Gosdoe -bdo 6a66 dda. oooWbe chun HSeoc7 P. perennis Fr.
FoLyporvs circinatus #7. Ground in the borders of woods. Brewerton, Sept.
Potyporus Moraani Frost MS.
Pileus fleshy, plane or convex, hairy-tomentulose, subsquamulose, reddish or brownish, the margin thin; pores short, medium size, subrotund, decur- rent, white; stem subequal, elastic, solid, radicating, the subterranean portion black or blackish-brown, the exposed part whitish or pallid, inclin- ing to tawny, velvety or somewhat reticulated, central or eccentric; spores oval, pointed at one end, .0005 long, .0003’ broad ; flesh white.
Plant 3/-5’ high, pileus 3’-4 broad, stem 3’-5" thick.
Ground in woods. Buffalo Clinton. Brewerton. Sept.
This species is evidently closely allied to P. radicatus Schw., and P. melanopus Fr., but it is in some respects quite diverse from the figure and description of the latter species. The stem sometimes penetrates the earth
to a considerable depth, and is quite probably attached to decaying roots or buried pieces of wood. The flesh of the pileus is sometimes quite thick.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 3
The species is very rare, but variable. The Brewerton specimens have the stem central and decidedly velvety, and it may be advisable to separate them as P. Morgani var. velutipes.
PoLyYPoRUS cUTICULARIS Bull.
Old hickory stumps. Brewerton. Sept.
I have seen no specimens with blackened pileus nor with a fimbriate mar- gin. In other respects our plant agrees essentially with the description of the species.
PoLYPoRUS CHRYSOLOMA Fr. Decaying wood in shaded places. Gansevoort. Aug.
Potyporus Motiuscus fr. Decaying wood. Brewerton. Sept.
Trametes Troe Berk. Decaying trunks of poplar, Populus monilifera. Albany. Sept.
Hypnum FuscodAtrum fF’. Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.
HyYDNUM CINNABARINUM Schw. Under side of a decaying pine log in woods. Tonawanda. Clinton.
HYyDNUM ALUTACEUM Fr. Decaying wood and bark. Adirondack Mountains. Aug.
GRANDINIA MEMBRANACEA P. & C., n. sp.
Effused, thin, membranaceous, whitish or subalutaceous, sometimes slightly tinged with greenish-yellow or olivaceous; granules numerous, crowded, unequal; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, slightly rough, .00025'— .0003’ long.
Much decayed wood, leaves, etc. Tonawanda. Oct. Clinton. Apparently allied to G. papillosa.
CRATERELLUS CANTHARELLUS Schw.
Ground in bushy places. Sandlake. Aug.
This was placed by Schweinitz in the genus Thelephora, section Craterellee. Our specimens are quite as large as the ordinary form of Cantharellus cibarius, which they so closely resemble that they might easily be mistaken for a deformed condition of it. They are not quite as bright-colored as the cantharellus, and sometimes have aslight reddish tint. The margin is gener- ally more lobed and irregular than in C. cibarius, and the spores, though yellowish as in that species, have a slight incarnate tint.
CRATERELLUS CLAVATUS Pe7s.
Ground in woods. Brewerton. Sept. The resemblance of this is with Clavaria pistillaris.
36 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
The five species now known to occur in our State may be tabulated as follows : Stem hollow or pervious to the base:
Hymenium and stem yellow, spores .0004/-.0005’ long... C. lutescens Pers. Hymenium and stem subcinereous or brown.
Pileus tubiform, spores .0005’-.0007’ long. ...... ...... C. cornucopioides Z. Pileus expanded or funnelform, spores .00025/—.0003/ IVR oang bean Haga code oGo0Ga cose acaoa Papa com cons Ch Ghiloriars! 2/7
Stem solid : Hymenium and stem similarly colored, spores .0003’ long, OC. Cantharellus Schw. Hymenium darker than the stem, spores .0004/—.0005/ Koja Feiner s oyseusue Grnad modal aooe Gnadioosie Gaoose GoSSo- C. clavatus Pers.
CoRTICIUM POLYPOROIDEUM B. & C. Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.
CoRTICIUM SUBREPANDUM B. & Che. Dead branches. Center. Sept.
THELEPHORA RADIATA Holinsk. Ground under pine trees. Center and Providence. Aug. and Sept.
CLAVARIA FASTIGIATA L. Among mosses and under pine trees. Adirondack Mountains and Ganse- voort. Aug.
CLAVARIA FORMOSA Pers. Ground in woods. Sandlake and Gansevoort. Aug.
CLAVARIA CORRUGATA Karst. Ground in pine woods. West Albany. Sept.
CLAVARIA FLAccIDA F7. Ground in woods, also under spruce trees. Sandlake, Center and Adiron-
dack Mountains. Common. A form sometimes occurs with the tips of the branchlets white.
PTERULA DIVARICATA YN, Sp.
Tufts lax, whitish or rufescent, about one inch high; stems slender, irregu- larly branched ; branches widely diverging, slender and gradually tapering to a long slender subulate point.
Among fallen leaves and on half-buried decaying wood. South Corinth, Saratoga County. Aug.
The Jax habit and slender widely diverging branches distinguish this species from its allies.
TREMELLA SUBCARNOSA 1. Sp.
Small, tufted, compressed, irregular, wavy or contorted, subcarnose, whitish or pinkish-alutaceous, brownish-incarnate and more or less glaucous when dry ; spores obovate, pointed at the base, .0002’-.0003' long, .00016 broad.
Tufts 2-4” high and broad,
et
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.. 37
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Carlisle, Schoharie County. June.
The affinities of this species are doubtful. It is provisionally referred to the genus Tremella, although the central portion of the substance is fleshy rather than gelatinous. The external portion, however, is gelatinous and the plants revive upon the application of moisture, and are then somewhat tremel- loid, though not very tenacious. Usually two or more are clustered together and form beautiful little rosettes.
DACRYMYCES CONGLOBATUS 7. sp. (Plate I, figs. 1-4.)
Scattered, sessile, even, pezizoid, about one line broad, with the thin mar- gin incurved, pink-red, paler within, dark-red when dry, with the margin plicate-lobed ; threads slender, branched, minutely rough; spores collected in subglobose tufts at the tips of the branches, oblong, obtuse, curved, sometimes nucleate, .0005’—.0004' long.
Bark of arbor-vitee, Thuja occidentalis. Adirondack Mountains. July.
Our plant does not well agree with the generic character of the Dacrymyces in its fruit, but its external appearance is so similar to other species of the
genus that it seems best for the present to place it here. The specific name has reference to the arrangement of the spores.
MELANOGASTER VARIEGATUS Twi. Ground in shaded roads in woods. Sandlake. Aug.
RHIZOPOGON RUBESCENS 77/. Sandy soil. Center. Sept.
CYNOPHALLUS CANINUS F’7.
Ground about an old stump. Oneida. H. A. Warne. This species is described as odorless, yet according to Mr. Warne these specimens had a very disagreeable odor.
PuHatuvus Ravenevi B. & C.
Ground in woods. Thurman. Oct.
The description of this species is very imperfect. The specimens were identified by comparison with Mr. Ravenel’s notes which he kindly submitted to my inspection. ‘The stem is four or five inches long, the denuded pileus is porous, the pores or cavities of the under or inner surface being larger than the others and giving a somewhat reticulate-pitted or cellular appearance, and there is a short veil at the top of the stem, but concealed beneath the pileus.
The following synoptical tables will exhibit the prominent distinctive features of the species of Phallus of this State and the United States, so far as I am able to get them from the published descriptions and the specimens at my command :
New York Species of Phallus.
Denuded pileus reticulate with coarse deep pits or cells.
Veil exposed, reticulate with small perforations........ P. Demonum Rumph. “TELL TUDE SE AS Si A Spain ere Oe dR P. impudicus ZL.
Denuded pileus porous, veil not perforate, concealed ....... P. Ravenelii B. & C.
38 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
United States Species of Phallus.
Denuded pileus reticulate with coarse deep pits or cells. Veil exposed.
Large and reticulate with large perforations. .......... P. indusiatus Vent.
Smaller and reticulate with small perforations ......... P. Demonum Rumph.
Smalleriam dp licaterryteletatccis cleo cope sisi weclocu cer taieneeers P. duplicatus Bose. Well ONES GREONG S000 Gods, Qonone GOda00 Sd0nd0 UUbdDD cdodde P. impudicus LZ.
Denuded pileus even or merely porous. Veil short, concealed beneath the pileus.............., P.Ravenelii B. & C. Wiel an OMG arerctsss (aleteteeilous sesmcreraielere lelhope ainoiesstoeet ot tetasitor P. rubicundus Bose.
CLATHRUS CANCELLATUS J. Buffalo. Clinton.
GeEASTER CAPENSIS Thuin. Ground in woods. Sterling, Cayuga County. Aug.
ENERTHENEMA PAPILLATA Pers, Decaying hemlock wood. Catskill Mountains. July.
CRIBRARIA VULGARIS Schrad. Decaying wood. Catskill Mountains. July.
ACROSPERMUM ALBUM 2. sp. White, subfusiform, subcompressed, pointed at the apex, narrowed below into a short terete stem-like base ; spores numerous, elongated, filiform. Dead stems of spikenard, Avalia racemosa. Catskill Mountains. July.
This is about the size of A. compresswm, but is at once distinguished from that species by its white color.
SpH#ropsis Pecxiana Thum. Dead grape vines. Albany. May.
SPH#::OPSIS PULCHRISPORA P. & C., n. sp. Perithecia small, scattered, slightly prominent, covered by the epidermis, black ; spores oblong or cylindrical, obtuse, straight or curved, three to five- nucleate, hyaline, .0006’—.0008' long, .0002/—.00025' broad.
Dead stems of Polygonum. Buffalo. Oct. Clinton.
SPH#ROPSIS TYPHINA 7. sp. Perithecia scattered, subconical, slightly prominent, often compressed, black; spores fusiform, pointed at each extremity, colored, .0006’ long, .J0016! broad.
Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Sprakers. June. The fusiform pointed spores are a noticeable character in this species.
SPH#ROPSIS CORNINA 2. Sp. Perithecia numerous, not crowded, minute, nearly covered by the stellately ruptured epidermis, black, mouth large; spores oblong, obtuse, hyaline, .0012'—.0016' long, .0005'—.00055’ broad.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 39
Dead branches of green osier, Cornus circinata. Sprakers. June. The species is allied to S. Pennsylvanica, but the spores are considerably larger than in that species.
DEPAZEA JUGLANDINA F’7.
Living leaves of butternut, Juglans cinerea. Albany. Aug. The perithecia occur on greenish-gray or brown spots which are sometimes large and confluent.
SeproriA ALBANIENSIS Thwin. Living leaves of the shining willow, Salix lucida. Sandlake. Aug.
SEPTORIA CANADENSIS 7”. sp. Spots large, sometimes confluent, pallid or subalutaceous, surrounded by a darker purplish border; perithecia: epiphyllous, small, scattered, black ; spores filiform, nearly straight, .001'—.0015! long.
Living leaves of dwarf cornel, Cornus Canadensis. Sandlake. May.
VERMICULARIA comMPAcTA C. & H.
Dead stems of raspberry, Rubus strigosus. Green Island. June. This form is referred to var. Ruborwm. |
‘'ToRULA RAMOSA 7. Sp.
Effused, thin, black, threads septate, bearing terminal and lateral strings of globose colored spores, .0003 in diameter, one or two of the lower ones sometimes elliptical or pyriform,
Decaying pine wood. North Greenbush. Sept.
SEPTOSPORIUM VELUTINUM C. & EH.
Bark of maple and wood of hornbeam. Copake and Mechanicsville. Oct. Two forms occur, one effused and the other tufted.
Pucornia Scirpr Lh. Culms of Scirpus cespitosus. Mount Marcy. July.
Syncuyrrium Anemones DC. _ Living stems and leaves of Anemone nemorosa. West Albany. April.
PROTOMYCES CONGLOMERATUS 7. Sp.
Spores imbedded in the tissues of the stems, large, globose, colored, .0016'—.002’ in diameter, collected together in groups or clusters and form- ing small protuberances or tubercles on the dry stems.
Stems of the common saltwort, Salicornia herbacea. Syracuse. Sept.
This species is remarkable for the large size of the spores and their clus- tered mode of growth.
ISARIA FULVIPES 7. sp. Scattered or rarely czespitose, clavate, one or two lines high; club whitish or cinereous, farinose, obtuse ; stem short, orange-tawny or bright ochraceous ;
40) THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE State Museum.
spores minute, ovate or subelliptical, about .0091 long, interspersed among short threads which often bear short widely diverging processes. Dead stems of herbs. North Greenbush. June.
It may be separated from J. clavata and other similar Species by its bright- colored stem.
TUBERCULARIA HIRTISSIMA 7. sp.
Tubercles small, one-half to one line broad, orbicular, depressed, yellow or pale orange, clothed with long wooly hairs, which usually conceal them ; spores elongated, cylindrical, colorless, .0008’ long, about one-sixth as broad.
Fallen ash leaves, Fraxinus sambucifolia. South Corinth. Aug.
This species is remarkable both for its hairy investment and its elongated spores.
TUBERCULARIA SUBDIAPHANA Schw. Dead stems of grape vines. Buffalo. Clinton.
TUBERCULARIA FLocCOsA Dk. Dead branches of sumach, Rhus typhina. Catskill Mountains. J uly.
PERICONIA ALBICEPS 7. sp. (Plate I, figs. 8-11.)
Stems short, .02/—.03/ high, equal or slightly tapering upwards, black, head white, subglobose; spores oblong or subfusiform, colorless, .0003'— .0006' long.
Dead stems of snake-head, Chelone glabra. Sandlake, May.
It sometimes occurs in great abundance, surrounding the stems on all sides nearly their entire length.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM OBOVATUM Berk. Decaying chestnut wood. Copake. Oct.
CLADOSPORIUM comPpaActumM B. & C.
Dead or languishing leaves of rye. Carlisle. June.
At first sight this might be taken for some small Spheeria, so well do the small black compact tufts simulate spheeriaceous perithecia, The spores vary in length from .001’—,0016’. They sometimes equal the flocci in length, and in shape are either elliptical, obovate or oblanceolate,
Heterosporium OrnitHocatt Klotsch.
Dead or languishing leaves of garlic, Alliwm vineale. North Greenbush. May.
FusicLADIUM DENDRITICUM Wallr. On apples. Catskill Mountains. July. This attacks the apples while yet on the tree, and forms orbicular brown or greenish-brown velvety spots on them. It also occurs on the leaves.
Crercospora Rosmcota Pass. Living rose leaves. Albany, June.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 4]
Cercosrora Api Fes. Living parsnip leaves. Richmondville. Sept.
Prronospora Ficaria Tul. Living leaves of crowfoot, Ranunculus recurvatus. Center. April.
PrRONOSPORA CorypDALIs De By.
Living leaves of squirrel-corn, Dicentra Canadensis. Helderberg Moun- tains. May.
This form varies somewhat from the European form on leaves of Corydalis, but perhaps not sufficiently to warrant its separation as a species. It usually occupies the whole lower surface of the leaves.
PERONOSPORA GANGLIFORMIS Berk.
Living leaves of milkweed, Mulgediwm leucopheum. Central Bridge and Catskill Mountains. June and July.
VERTICILLIUM LATERITIUM [Hh7. Decaying wood. Buffalo. Oct. Clinton.
PoLyACTIS CINEREA Derk.
Dead stems of herbs. Greenbush. May. The fungus was found growing from a black Sclerotium.
PENICILLIUM BICOLOR 7, Decaying fungi, leaves, etc. Sandlake. Aug.
SPONDYLOCLADIUM TENELLUM 2. sp. Patches thin, effused, subolivaceous ; flocci somewhat tufted, erect, slender, simple or rarely branched, septate, brown, .006-.014’ high; spores in verticels of two to four at the septa, oblong, simple, pale, .00045'-.0005' long, .00016’—.0002' broad.
Dead stems of stone root, Collinsonia Canadensis. North Greenbush. October. be
This species is distinguished from S. fwmoswm by its simple spores and the olivaceous hue of the patches, which to the naked eye appear like a thin floccose tomentum.
OIDIUM DESTRUENS 2. sp.
Effused on large brown spots, odorous, whitish or pale cinereous; flocci of two kinds, the sterile spreading, much branched, closely appressed to the matrix, the fertile erect or decumbent, somewhat branched, forming monili- form strings of spores ; spores unequal in size and variable in shape, elliptical subglobose or angular, sometimes with an apiculus at each end, .0002'-.0006' long.
Living leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis and Prunus serotina. Center and Sandlake. May and June.
This fungus quickly destroys the vitality of the leaves it attacks, but for- tunately its ravages are not extensive, only a few leaves on a tree being
42 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
attacked. Usually a large brown spot is produced by the fungus in the center of the leaf, the margin of the leaf remaining green. The affected leaves soon shrivel and wither. In the case of the cherry leaves scarcely any green mar- gin was left, and so rapid was the spread of the fungus that nearly the entire leaf was discolored while it yet remained soft and flexible. A peculiar and decided odor is diffused either by the affected leaves or the fungus. This odor is perceptible in the dried specimens for a long time. The leaves of the shad- bush are attacked along the midvein and veins. Sometimes the unripe fruit is also attacked, the fungus causing it to rot quickly. Its destructive character has suggested the specific name.
RAMULARIA EFFUSA 7. Sp.
Hypophyllous, effused, whitish; spores very variable, globose, obovate, elliptical, oblong or cylindrical, .00016-.0011' long, about .0002 broad, occasionally uniseptate.
Living leaves of black huckleberry, Gay/ussacia resinosa. Center. July.
This species seems to be intermediate between Oidium and Ramularia. It occupies the whole lower surface of the leaves, and often affects all the leaves ona branch. The same or a similar species occurs on leaves of Cassandra calyculata.
RAMULARIA VARIABILIS Fed.
Living leaves of mullein, Verbascum Thapsus. Catskill Mountains. July. The spots are rather small in proportion to the size of the leaf, and when fertile are beautifully frosted on both sides by the fungus.
RAMULARIA ALBOMACULATA 7%. Sp.
Spots suborbicular, two to three lines in diameter, sometimes confluent, pale yellowish-green on the upper surface, whitened by the fungus on the lower surface, at length becoming purplish or brown; spores oblong or elliptical, generally binucleate, .0003’-.0004’ long, .00016’ broad.
Living leaves of hickory, Carya alba. Albany and Greenbush. June and July.
The spots are sometimes limited by the veinlets of the leaf and consequently angular, The fungus is thus far limited to the lower surface. In some instances there appeared to be creeping filaments indicating an intimate affinity with Oidium.
RAMULARIA ANGUSTATA 7. Sp.
Spots small, orbicular, sometimes confluent, pale greenish-yellow, frosted beneath by the fungus; flocci minute; spores narrowly fusiform or subcy- lindrical, .0003-.0004' long, about .0001’ broad, often containing two or three nucleoli.
Living leaves of pinxter plant, Azalea nudiflora. Central Bridge and
Carlisle, June. The specific name has reference to the very narrow spores.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 43
RAMULaRia N¢RVEGICE 2. sp.
Spots irregular, often confluent, brown or reddish-brown; flocci tufted, short, blunt; spores narrow, oblong or cylindrical, straight, .0005~-.0012’ long, .00015/ broad, the longer ones sometimes uniseptate.
Living leaves of Norwegian cinquefoil, Potentilla Norvegica. West Albany. June.
RaMULARIA FRAGARIZ 7. sp. (Plate IF, figs. 15-17.)
Spots small, suborbicular, arid, whitish surrounded by a purplish boarder ; flocci short, tufted ; spores cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, .0008/—.0012' long.
Living leaves of the common strawberry, Hragaria Virginiana. Knowers- ville, Center and Carlisle. May and June.
The spots are often sterile, so that it is sometimes difficult to find the spore-bearing fungus.
RAMULARIA LINEOLA %. sp.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent, brown, adorned with fine concen- tric lines; flocci obscure, tufted, hypophyllous; spores slender, cylindrical, obtuse, often uniseptate, .0005 —.0008 long.
Living leaves of dandelion, Taraxacum Dens-leonis. Greenbush. July. The fungus is extremely minute and scarcely visible to the naked eye.
RAMULARIA PLANTAGINIS 7. sp.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent, brown; flocci tufted, amphige- nous ; spores oblong or cylindrical, obtuse, .0008’'—.0016/ long, .0002’—.00025/ broad, sometimes uniseptate.
Living leaves of English plantain, Piantago lanceolata. Carlisle. June.
GLOMERULARIA gen. 100.
Flocci short; spores adhering together in masses.
This is a genus of Hyphomycetes, order Mucedines, and is apparently allied to the genus Ramularia, from which it is distinct not only by the shape of the spores, but also by their peculiar habit of adhering together in heaps or masses. Although but the single species here described is known to me, it is so unlike any other fungus with which I am acquainted that I am com- pelled to make a genus for it.
GLOMERULARIA CorRNI 7. sp. (Plate II, figs. 10-14.) i
Spots orbicular, sometimes confluent, brown, surrounded by a purplish margin ; flocci short, obscure, hypophyllous, bearing irregular suboval masses of white spores; spores globose, rough, .00(@4/—.0005’ in diameter, the masses .0012’—.0016/ long, .0008’-,001/ broad, usually containing about six spores each.
Living leaves of dwarf cornel, Cornus Canadensis. Catskill and Adi- rondack Mountains. July.
In the small spots the whole under surface is whitened by the masses of spores, in the large ones the spore masses form marginal bands or patches.
44 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
SPOROTRICHUM SULFUREUM G'7ev. Fallen oak leaves. North Greenbush. June.
SPOROTRICHUM VIRESCENS LA. Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton.
SpoROTRICHUM ALUTACEUM Schw. Decaying elm wood. Bethlehem. Oct.
SPOROTRICHUM LARVATUM 7%. sp. Tufts confluent, dense, soft, white or yellowish, coating the whole matrix ; threads very slender, simple or branched; spores abundant, minute, globose, .00008 —.00012’ in diameter. Dead larvee under alder bushes. Adirondack Mountains. July. This species is remarkable for its peculiar habitat. In some specimens
nearly the whole mass of flocci appears to have been transformed into spores, in which cases the surface is quite pulverulent.
ACREMONIUM FLEXUOSUM 7. sp. (Plate I, figs. 16-18.)
Effused, thin, soft, woolly, white, sometimes tinged with yellow or cream- color; threads branched, the branches widely diverging, sometimes oppo- site, narrowed and flexuous toward the tips and armed with alternate pointed spicules; spores oval or elliptical, colorless, .0005—.0008' long, .0003'— .0005° broad.
Decaying wood. ° Griffins, Delaware County. Sept.
Apparently allied to A. a/bwm, but distinct from it by the flexuous termi- nal portions of the branches and their alternate pointed teeth or spicules.
SEPEDONIUM CERVINUM Ditim.
Parasitic on Peziza macropus. Brewerton. Sept.
In the typical form the spores are said to be yellowish-brown. In our specimens they are of a dull flesh color, globose, rough, .0005'-.0006’ in diameter, with a short blunt appendage. It seems to be worthy of separa- tion as a variety at least, and may be called S. cervinum var. subinearna- tum.
SEPEDONIUM BRUNNEUM 7. sp. Effused, pulverulent, brown; spores globose, rough, .0008/-.001' in diameter. Decaying fungi. Gansevoort. Aug.
The snuff-brown color and large spores destitute of an appendage are the distinctive features of this species.
MOoRCHELLA ANGUSTICEPS n. sp. (Plate I, figs. 19-21.)
Pileus oblong-conical and subobtuse or narrowly conical and acute, adnate to the stem, one to two inches high, and about half as broad at the base; ribs longitudinal, here and there anastomosing or connected by transverse veins ; stem subequal, hollow, whitish, furfuraceous without agd within, even or rarely
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 45
rough with irregular longitudinal furrows ; asci cylindrical ; spores elliptical, whitish tinged with ochre, .0008/—.001' long, .0005’—.0007 broad ; paraphyses short, clavate, with one or two septa near the base.
Sandy soil in the borders of woods and in open places. West Albany and Center. April and May.
Two forms occur, one with the pileus oblong-conical, rather obtuse, often tipped with a slight umbo or papilla, and with a diameter a little surpassing that of the stem from which the base is separated by a slight groove; the other with the pileus narrowly conical, rather acute, scarcely exceeding the stem in diameter, and without any separating groove. The stem and fruit are alike in both forms. The stem is usually about equal in length to the pileus. The species is related to MW. conica and M. elata, but may be sepa- rated from both by the size of the spores and the character of the paraphyses. In our plant I have never seen these as long as the asci. Large forms appear also to approach 1. rimosipes, but that species has the margin of the pileus more free, the stem proportionately longer, and the paraphyses as long as the asci, if we may rely upon the figure of it. Our plant is edible.
GYROMITRA CURTIPES Lr. Wet banks. Knowersville. May. Also Buffalo. CZinton. The spores in our specimens are often trinucleate, the central nucleus being the largest. The species may be separated from Gt. esculenta by its paler color, shorter stem and different spores.
GHOGLOSSUM IRREGULARE 7. sp. (Plate I, figs. 5-7.)
Glabrous, yellow, solid, fleshy, soft but rather tough, clavate; club sub- compressed, obtuse, irregular, often lobed, curved or twisted, tapering below into the short, paler or whitish solid distinct stem ; asci cylindrical, often two or three united together at the base; spores uniseriate, elliptical, colorless, .0003/—.0004! long, .0002’ broad; flesh white.
Plant 1'-2’ high. Damp mossy ground in woods. Sandlake. Oct.
This species is allied to G. /utewm, from which its irregular club and glabrous stem readily distinguish it. Mitrwla crispata, ot which we have seen no authentic specimens, is said to have similar spores; but if that species is properly referred to the genus Mitrula, it must be different from our plant, which is a true Geoglossum, agreeing fully with the description of that genus, but not agreeing with the published characters of the genus Mitrula, for the club is neither “ovate,” “capitate” nor “inflated.” This species, with G. luteum, G. rufum and G. pistillare, forms a natural group of closely related and clearly congeneric forms.
PEZIZA EUPLECTA Ch. Shaded banks in ravines. Knowersville. May. Our specimens vary somewhat from the characters expressed by the figure | and description of this species, but scarcely enough to warrant their separa- tion.
PEZIZA MELASTOMA Sow. Mossy sticks on the ground. Catskill Mountains. July. Our specimens are black without and within, and do not show any rubigin- ous color or orange-colored granules, but in other respects they agree with the description of the species.
46 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
PEzIzZA APICULATA Ck.
Decaying wood. Stamford, Delaware County Sept.
The specimens differ from the type in being blackish-brown, in haying the tips of the spores colored and in their habitat. Possibly they should consti- tute a distinct species, but the agreement with the description is so good in other respects, that for the present I have concluded to reter them to this species.
PrzizA (HUMARIA) TETRAONALIS 7. sp.
Cups sessile, one to two lines broad, externally cinereous, the margin sometimes wavy or flexous, the disk blackish or blackish-brown ; asci cylin- drical, truncate at the apex; spores uniseriate, elliptical, smooth, colorless, .0006'—.0007' long, .0003° broad.
Partridge dung. Catskill Mountains. July.
This plant is about equal in size to P. gallinacea, which also has the same habitat, but its darker disk and longer spores require its separation. It does not harmonize well in color with other species of Humaria. It is a rare species with us
PrzizA (HUMARIA) HUMOSOIDES 7. sp.
Cups small, scarcely more than half a line broad, sessile, scattered or crowded, orange inclining to vinous-red, the disk plane or slightly convex, scarcely margined ; asci short, cylindrical or clavate ; spores crowded, ellip- tical, smooth, .0008’—.001’ long, .0005' broad; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened at the apex.
Dung of some wild animal. Catskill Mountains. July.
The cups are attached to the matrix by a few whitish filaments. The peculiar habitat and small size indicate its distinctness from P. humosa.
Prziza (DASYSCYPH#) LONGIPILA 7. sp.
Cups gregarious, small, .014—.02’ broad, narrowed below into a short stem, hirsute with long septate brown hairs; disk whitish, when dry con- cealed by the hairs of the margin; asci cylindrical; spores oblong, hyaline, straight or slightly curved, .00033/ long, .00012’ broad.
Dead stems of Hupatoriwm maculatum. Adirondack Mountains. July.
Prziza (DAsyscYPH#) URTICINA 7. sp.
Cups minute, .007 —.014’ broad, sessile, subglobose and hyaline when moist, with the mouth contracted, whitish when dry, pulverulent-hairy ; asci subfusi- form; spores crowded or biseriate, fusiform, .0004/-.0005/ long; paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of nettle, Urtica Canadensis. Catskill Mountains. July.
The species is apparently near P. translucida. The hairs in our plant are appressed and arranged in such a manner that when moist the cups appear somewhat longitudinally striate. When dry the disk is generally concealed. The plants are so small that to the naked eye they appear like mere white grains.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 47
Peziza aurata F'hi. Decaying wood and bark. Catskill Mountains. July.
PEZIZA MELALEUCA FY’.
Decaying wood. Summit. Sept.
The plant of Fries is regarded by some as a Patellaria. Our specimens, though agreeing tolerably well with the description of P. melaleuca, clearly belong to the genus Peziza. There is therefore some doubt concerning their identity, but for the present we thus refer them. It is to be regretted that the description of P. me/alewca makes no mention of the fruit, otherwise all doubt might be removed.
Peziza (Mo.iisia) Tyrpua 7. sp.
Cups scattered, small, .008’—.014’ broad, sessile, nearly plane, black, the disk dingy-whitish ; asci subcylindrical, short, .0012'-.0016 long; spores minute, sublanceolate, .0003' long.
Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Carlisle June.
Peziza (Motuista) SpH#RELLA P. & C., n. sp.
Cups minute, .005’-.0055 broad, sphzeriform or subglobose, sessile, gla- brous, black, at first closed, then opening by a small poriform mouth; asci subcylindrical, .0012'-.0014 long; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong, usually binucleate, .0004/—.0005' long; paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of red clover, Trifolium pratense. Buffalo. Oct. Clinton. At first sight the plants might be taken for some small black Spheeria.
Peziza (MOLLISIA) ENTEROCHROMA 1. sp.
Cups scattered or gregarious, at first cylindrical or clavate, then expanded, plane, about one line broad, subtremelloid, scarcely margined, supported on a short stem, yellowish, becoming reddish-brown or chestnut-colored when dry ; asci cylindrical ; spores fusiform, yellowish, .J008 —.001! long, .00025/— .0003! broad ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the tips.
: ete twigs of arbor-vitee, Zuja occidentalis. Adirondack Mountains. uly.
This species belongs to the subsection Claviformes, or perhaps better to the modern genus Ombrophila, being allied to O. swhawrea, from which it differs in its color and larger spores. When dry the cups become quite concave. When crushed and moistened the flesh is greenish-yellow.
Hetorium turescens Ff. Fallen spruce branches. Summit. Sept.
HELOTIUM FRATERNUM n. sp. (Plate I, figs. 12-15.)
Cups stipitate, plane or slightly concave, .5 -1' broad; disk pallid or yellowish, becoming more concave and dull red in drying, externally paler ; stem about equal in length to the diameter of the cup; asci clavate or cylin- drical; spores crowded, cylindrical or subfusiform, .00065/—.0008' long ; paraphyses filiform, numerous, scarcely thickened at the tips; flesh rather thick and firm.
48 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Petioles of fallen maple leaves. Adirondack Mountains. July.
This species is closely related to H. gracile and H. fastidiosum, which relationship suggests the specific name. It imitates the latter species in its habitat, but I have not found it except on the petioles and occasionally the midyeins of maple leaves,
HELOTIUM PALUSTRE 2. sp.
Cups stipitate, plane or slightly convex, pallid or whitish; stem 3/—6'- long, slightly thickened at the base; asci subclavate ; spores oblong, .0004'- .0005' long.
Fallen leaves in wet places. Sandlake. May.
In the dried specimens the hymenium assumes a dark reddish-brown or chestnut color. The stem is long in proportion to the size of the cup.
HELOTIUM VIBRISSEOIDES 7, sp. (Plate II, figs. 7-9.)
Cups sessile, 1 —-2” broad, immarginate, externally blackish or blackish- green, the disk plane or convex, livid-white or blackish-green; asci very long, linear; spores elongated, filiform, very slender, sometimes becoming coiled, bursting forth and covering the disk with a whitish webby stratum.
Decaying sticks lying in water. Sandlake and Catskill Mountains. May and July.
Externally this fungus has the appearance of a Helotium, but the fructifica- tion is exactly that of a Vibrissea. It seems to me that it really belongs to the genus Vibrissea, but I am prevented from placing it there because in the absence of a stem it fails to meet fully the published characters of that genus. I am fully persuaded that some of the genera of fungi are imperfectly character- ized, and that we cannot have a satisfactory arrangement of our species until these defective descriptions are modified or revised.
PATELLARIA PUSILLA 7%. Sp.
Cups sessile, small, .014’—.028’ broad, slightly margined, the disk plane or convex when moist, slightly concave when dry, black; asci clavate ; spores crowded or biseriate, lanceolate or subclavate, 6—8-nucleate, .00065’/—.0008/ long, .0001'-.00012/ broad ; paraphyses numerous, filiform, not thickened at the apex.
Decaying beech wood. Catskill Mountains. July.
The spores in shape are similar to those of P. atrata. They are extremely
narrow and probably become 5—7-septate when fully mature. a
DERMATEA MINUTA 7”. Sp.
Cups minute, .009'-.017’ broad, numerous, scattered or sometimes two or three crowded together, attached by a small point, grayish, the disk subo- chraceous, margin obsolete, disk plane or convex; asci oblong-clavate ; spores crowded, oblong-elliptical, .0008/-.001’ long, colorless, simple ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apex.
: itp stems of hobble-bush, Viburnwm lantanoides. Catskill Mountains. July.
This is the smallest species of Dermatea known to me.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 49
BULGARIA BICOLOR 7. sp. (Plate IT, figs. 4-6.)
Cups irregular, expanded, sessile, appressed, about an inch broad, externally gelatinous, whitish or subolivaceous, the disk reddish-brown or dark watery- chestnut; asci cylindrical; spores uniseriate, elliptical, .0009'—.0011' long, .00045'—.0005' broad ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the tips, brownish.
Wet decaying birch wood Brewerton. Sept.
The spores are generally furnished with one or two large nuclei. The con- trast between the dark color of the disk and the light color of the cup suggests the specific name.
BULGARIA DELIGATA 7. sp. (Plate II, figs. 1-3.)
Cups small, 1-2'' broad, plane or convex, scattered or crowded, sessile, the margin obliterated, purplish-black when moist, black and more or less angular when dry, surrounded at the base by whitish filaments which bind them to the matrix; spores elliptical, uniseriate, binucleate, .001/—.0013/ long, .0006'—.0007' broad; paraphyses numerous, filiform, thickened above, slightly colored.
Wet decaying hemlock wood. Catskill Mountains. July. The numerous white filaments that appear to bind the cups to the matrix, constitute a marked feature in this species, and suggest the specific name.
Exoascus Pruni /ckl.
Immature fruit of sand cherry and wild plum, Prunus pumila and 7’. Americana. Center and Carlisle. May and June. Also Buffalo. CZinton.
When the fruit of the sand cherry is attacked by this fungus, it enlarges in size, becomes elongated and pointed, soft and discolored. Sometimes it assumes a bright-red hue, but usually a pale whitish-green or yellowish-green varied somewhat by red or pinkish tints. The pit even is destroyed, and the whole texture of the pulp is changed. Rarely the leaves also are attacked, in which case they become swollen, distorted and discolored.
The fruit of the wild plum, when attacked, becomes enlarged and soft, and assumes a whitish or pale green color, but does not become elongated or pomted. Of course, its value asa fruit is wholly destroyed. At Carlisle, one tree was observed which had been cultivated in a court-yard, and which had all of its fruit affected by this fungus.
TAPHRINA AUREA J,
On catkins of poplar, Populus grandidentata. Albany and North Green- bush. May.
The propriety of keeping this and the preceding species generically dis- tinct is perhaps doubtful, but I give the names as I find them.
HyYPpoMyYces LUTEOVIRENS Fr.
On decaying Russula. Center. Sept.
Thé spores in our specimens are longer than required by the description of the species to which we have referred them. They are .0012-.0015' in length, acuminate at each end, and at length uniseptate. The asci are very long and slender,
4
50 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
DotTHIDEA RETICULATA F7. Dead leaves of some liliaceous plant, apparently Similacina bifolic. Sum- mit. Sept.
HypoxyLon upum Ff’. Decaying poplar wood. Gansevoort. Aug.
DIATRYPE VERRUCOIDES 7. sp.
Pustules small, verruciform, covered by the epidermis, which is longitudi- nally or stellately split, the lacinize closely adhering ; stroma blackish exter- nally, whitish within, sometimes coated above with a thin cinerous tomentum ; ostiola black. depressed, stellately suleate; perithecia three to eight in a pustule ; asci clavate ; spores simple, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, .0008/ long, .00016' broad.
Dead beech twigs. Stamford. Sept.
The pustules bear some resemblance to those of Diairype verrucaformis,
but they are generally smaller. They penetrate to the wood, and are sur- rounded by a more or less distinct black line.
VALSA PULVINICEPS 7. Sp. Perithecia 5-12 in a pustule, sunk to the wood, covered by the bark; ostiola erumpent, crowded, prominent, black, forming an orbicular cushion- shaped mass ; asci clavate ; spores crowded, subelliptical or broadly fusiform, multinucleate, slightly colored, .0004 —.0006' long.
Dead stems of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Richmondville. Sept. This is apparently very unlike V. abnormis, which is said to inhabit Sambucus.
Vasa Sorsi F’.
Dead branches of mountain ash, Pyrus Americana. Adirondack Moun- tains. July.
LopuHiosTOMA BICUSPIDATA Ch.
Dead stems of thimble berry, Rubus odoratus. Catskill Mountains. July. This is the variety with spores .0012’ long. The colorless cusps at the tips of the spores are well shown.
SPHARIA SQUAMULATA Sehw.
Decaying wood, Catskill Mountains. Sept.
It is with some hestitation that our specimens are referred to this species, for the “black crust”? required by the description is not clearly present ; indeed, it is in some instances clearly absent; and the ostiola, which are de- scribed as ‘rather thick,” in our specimens are compressed as in the genus Lophiostoma. In other respects the agreement with the description is good so far as the description goes. But no diagnosis is given of the fruit, and I am informed that no specimens of the species are to be found in Schweinitz’s Herbarium, so that it is scarcely possible to remove all uncertainty. * In our specimens the asci are clayate; the spores are crowded, oblong-fusiform, uni- septate, constricted in the middle, colorless, .0015—.0018 long, containing from four to six nuclei.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 51
SPH#RIA SUBICULATA Schw. Decaying wood. Catskill Mountains. July. Spheria mutans scarcely differs from this species except in the color of the tomentum, and sometimes in the larger size of the perithecia. It is doubtful if the two ought to be kept separate.
SPH#RIA (VILLOS®) INTRICATA 2. sp.
Perithecia scattered or crowded, more or less elongated, obtuse, subven- tricose, generally narrowed at the base, blackish-brown, tomentose-hairy ; asci slender, elongated; spores crowded, elongated, linear, more or less curved or flexuous, greenish-yellow, .0016’—.002 long.
Decaying wood and leaves.in damp places. Sandlake.
This species partakes of the characters of several others, but is perhaps most likely to be confounded with S. hirsuta or NS. stvigosa. The perithecia, though smaller, resemble in shape those of S. bombarda. The spores are very similar to those of S. hirsuta and S. ovina. From WS. strigosa it is separated by its peculiar soft matted hairs or tomentum.
Spu@ria (VILLos#) scoputa C. &. P., 1. sp.
Perithecia scattered or crowded, small, .006 —.008’ broad, very black, sub- globose, bristly with short, rigid black hairs ; asci lanceolate or subclavate ; spores crowded or biseriate, linear or slightly narrowed toward each end, multinucleate, obscurely multiseptate, greenish-yellow, .0025/—.003' long, .00016 broad. —
Decaying hemlock wood. Adirondack Mountains, Aug. The spores are often slightly curved
SpH#riA (ByssiskD#) ALBIDOSTOMA 2. sp.
Perithecia numerous, subcrowded, small, .014/-.018' in diameter, subglo- bose, seated upon or involved in a black or blackish-brown tomentum, the ostiola naked, not prominent, whitish when moist, darker when dry; asci cylindrical; spores biseriate, oblong-fusiform, at first uniseptate, constricted at the septum and containing two or three nuclei in each cell, fhenko—H-> septate, colorless, .0015/-.0018 long, .0003/-.00035’ broad.
Dead branches of mountain maple, Acer spicatwm. Catskill Mountains. September.
The whitish ostiola constitute a marked feature in thisspecies. Its affinity is apparently with S. nidulans.
SPH#RIA (ByssisED®) CLAVARIINA %. Sp.
Perithecia small, subovate, clothed with rigid blackish-brown hairs and seated on a blackish-brown’subiculum; asei cylindrical; spores uniseriate, oblong-elliptical or subfusiform, containing one or two nuclei, at first color- less, then brown, .0004’—.0005/ long, about half as broad.
Stems and branches of Clavaria cristata. Sandlake. Aug.
The Clavaria, when attacked by this fungus, becomes distorted and dis- colored.
52, THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM..
SPHZRIA (CERATOSTOM#) SUBDENUDATA 7. sp.
Perithecia immersed or superficial, subglobose, .02'—.025’ broad, black, sometimes bearing a few scattered straight black hairs; ostiola cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, blunt, sometimes oblique, in length equal to or a little shorter than the diameter of the perithecia; asci cylindrical; spores uniseriate, simple, oblong-elliptical, uninucleate, colorless, .0005/—.00055' long, .0002’ broad.
Much decayed wood. Catskill Mountains. Sept.
This species, by reason of its somewhat hairy perithecia, might be sought among the Villose. The perithecia are sometimes deeply sunk in the soft
matrix, and have only the ostiola exposed, again they are nearly or quite superficial.
SPHAZRIA LIVIDA f7. Dry hard hemlock knots. Catskill Mountains. July.
Sew#rRIA (CAULICOLZ) HUMULINA 1%. sp. Perithecia small, slightly prominent, covered by the blackened epidermis ; ostiola minute, piercing the epidermis; asci cylindrical; spores uniseriate, elliptical, triseptate, colorless, .0006° long, .0003’ broad.
Dead hop stems. Carlisle. June.
SPH#RIA INFECTORIA F'chl.
Culms and sheaths of Calamagrostis arenaria. Buffalo, Oct. Clinton.
SPHHRELLA Peck Spegaz.
Fallen leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis. Center. May.
SPHZRELLA SEPTORIOIDES 7. sp.
Spots few, orbicular, angular or irregular, white; perithecia numerous minute, hypophyllous, black ; asci oblong ; spores crowded, uniseptate, color- less, .0005! long, the two cells nearly equal.
Living leaves of Thalictrum dioicum. Central Bridge. June.
The spots are very white, and so thin that the perithecia show through the
tissues of the leaf. The external resemblance to species of Septoria suggests the specific name,
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
VIOLA BLANDA Willd.
A noticeable form of this violet occurs about Albany. It has the calyx peduncles and petioles tinged with dull red, the flowers rather large, the petals scarcely greenish at the base, and the fragrance wanting. The leaves are sometimes rather coarsely hairy.
+
REPORT OF THE BOTANITST. 5
1S)
ViotA Munuensereu Tor". 5
A dwarf form of this species was found in South Corinth, flowering freely the latter part of August.
SEDUM TELEPHIOIDES Vx.
This plant which is rare in our State, is reported by Hon. D. FP’. Day, to be growing at Chittenango Falls, high up on the face of the cliffs.
ASTER MACROPHYLLUS J.
A form occurs near Albany with purplish stems, broadly ovate cauline leaves and flowers with six to ten rays only.
Aster Nova-Anouz JZ. var. roseus 7. & G. Buffalo. Clinton.
ASTER ERICOIDES JL. var. vittosus 7. & G. Buffalo. Clinton.
HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM JL.
This plant is already fully established in several localities in our State, and is rapidly spreading. I have seen it in abundance in Rensselaer, Schoharie and Montgomery Counties, and it is reported by Mr. S. W. Cowles as fully established in Cortland County. It spreads both by seed and by runners. It thrives in hard gravelly soils, by roadsides, in pastures and in meadows, and bids fair to rival the daisy as a noxious weed. It forms a densé carpet of hairy leaves closely pressed to the surface of the ground, and sends up its flowering stems a foot or more high. These bear at their summit a cluster of beautiful orange-colored flowers, which give a very showy appearance to the fields they occupy. The growth of the plant is very rapid. One field that had been plowed in the spring was red with the blossoms of this weed the middle of June Meadows containing it, after haying been mowed, quickly send up a second crop of flowering stems. It is pronounced by farmers to be worthless as fodder, and it is doubtful if it can be kept down except by thorough culti- vation of the soil.
SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS Nuit.
Rocky places near Central Bridge and Sprakers.
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM JL.
This species at present is made to include a variety of forms, some of which do not well harmonize either in general aspect or in detaiis of character. A common form about Albany has wide-spreading branches, broad leaves with numerous teeth, usually five to ten on each side, large dense clusters of fruit, usually intermingled with leaves but sometimes becoming leafless, and seeds very large, fully equal in diameter to the seeds of C. hybridum. This form differs so widely, in its whole aspect and in all the characters mentioned, from the ordinary narrow-leaved form, C. viride, that unless they are clearly con- nected by intermediate forms it would seem better that they should be kept distinct.
54 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Pints mitis Mz.
Specimens of this pine and of the scrub-pine, Pinas inops, have been received from Mr. N. L. Britton, who found them growing on Staten Island. This makes six species of pine known to belong to the State. Unfortunately neither of the specimens was accompanied by flowers or cones, from which I infer that they do not fruit, and that the existence of these two species within our limits will not be long continued. PP. inops is also said to occur on Long Island, but [ have seen no specimens from that locality.
Juncus CANADENSIS Gay, var. suBcAUDATUS Hngelm.
Ditches along the railroad. South Corinth. Aug. ‘ The weak stems and spreading panicles give this variety an appearance quite unlike that of the more common one, var. coarctatus.
TRISETUM MOLLE Auwnth. Cliffs near Central Bridge. June.
ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM Swartz.
Fertile specimens of the dwarf form known as var. dumetorum were found on the Catskill Mountains. They are glandular-hairy and therefore should be referred to the recently-proposed species, A. Americanum Day. The typical A. spinulosum, as limited by Ir. Davenport, occurs on the Adiron- dack Mountains.
BorryCcHIUM TERNATUM Swartz, var. OBLIQUUM Haton.
The dwarf form of this variety with the sterile frond about one inch broad and long and the whole plant three or four inches high was found at South Corinth.
BorrycHIuM SIMPLEX Hitch, var. suBcomMPposituM Lasch. Lewis’s Bluff near Oswego. Rev. H. Wibbe.
BryuM ELONGATUM Dicks.
This rare moss occurs on Slide Mountain, one of the highest peaks of the Catskills.
AGARICUS CHSAREUS Scop.
This species was found at Gansevoort growing in a circle about forty feet in diameter. About one-fourth of the circumference of the circle was unoccu- pied by the fungus in consequence of the encroachment of a cleared ficld. In the American form of the species the stem is rather slender and equal or slightly tapering upward, I have not seen it ‘“subventricose”’ as required by the description.
AGARICUS AMERICANUS PA.
This Agaric usually grows in grassy places or on lawns, but fine specimens were found the past season growing in a large tuft on an old stump. The lamellze are much narrowed behind and somewhat reticulately connected. In the fresh state the whole plant is white with the exception of the scales of the
pileus.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 55
AGARICUS HORDUS FY’.
Although the specimens formerly referred to this species agree in most respects with the description there are certain discrepancies, which upon further investigation induce me to believe it to be a distinet species. I would, there- fore, give it the following name and description :
AGaricus (TRICHOLOMA) PREFOLIATUS 7. sp.
Pileus thin, slightly convex or expanded, a little moist in wet weather, virgate with innate brownish fibrils, dark-cinereous or grayish-brown, usually a little darker on the disk, the margin sometimes revolute ; lamellze very broad, sub- distant, rounded behind, sometimes united*at the point of attachment, venose- connected and somewhat transversely striate, often split transversely, the edge uneven or eroded, white ; stem equal, firm, fibrous, fibrillose-striate or rimose, stuffed or hollow, white or whitish ; spores broadly elliptical, generally uninu- cleate, .00025’—.00035’ long; flesh white, odor pleasant, anise-like.
Plant 4’-6 high, pileus 3-5’ broad, stem 5! —10' thick.
Ground and decaying hemlock wood in woods and groves. June and Aug.
The pileus is often irregular and sometimes eccentric. The lamelle are very broad, sometimes a half an inch or more, and usually much torn. The plant is scattered in its mode of growth, but few imdividuals occurring in.a place. The obscure striations of the lamelle are retained in the dried speci- mens.
AGARICUS CoRTICOLA Sehum.
This plant revives on the application of moisture, thus indicating an affinity with species of Marasmius.
AGARICUS CALLISTUS PA.
This beautiful Agaric grows on decaying wood in damp places as well as mm exsiccated water-holes.
CorTINARIUS CoRRUGATUS PA.
In woods. Gansevoort and Sandlake. Aug.
The color of the pileus varies from yellow to reddish-yellow or ochraceous, the lamellz are sometimes minutely transversely venose, and the stem is slightly fibrillose, and sometimes sprinkled above with yellowish grains or squamules,
PAxILLus Porosus Berk.
Fine specimens were found at Brewerton, growing on the ground in woods and on mounds of earth. ‘Che plant emits an unpleasant earthy odor. I have not found the pileus viscid, and conclude that the part of the descrip- tion ‘viscid when moist” is a mistake. This species is easily known by its porous hymenium, which connects it with the genus Boletus. Pawillus flavi- dus Berk. is probably not distinct from Giomphidius rhodowanthus Schw., which occurs within our limits. The species is ambiguous between Paxillus and Gomphidius, but from the character of its spores it seems nearer the
56 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
latter genus to which I have referred it. Our New York species of Paxillus may be tabulated thus :
Stem central : Pileus glabrous or only the margin tomentose.......... P. involutus Batsch. Pileus hairy, less than two inches broad........... .... P. strigosus Pk.
Stem eccentric or lateral : Velvety-tomentose, hymenium lamellated.............. P. atrotomentosus Batsch. Glabrous, reticulated, hymenium porous. ......... .... P. porosus Berk.
SLM MONE) netsvar tala eeaten viel ctomonteron ete telel aoe Seclesices) ess DaMUOL eS prim
Lactarius Inpieo Schw.
This Lactarius appeared in considerable abundance in August, both in Sand- lake and in Gansevoort. The younger and fresh plants are generally highly colored and distinctly zonate, especially on the margin, but they fade with age, and generally lose their zonate character. The pileus when moist, is smooth, and subyiscid to the touch, the stem is hollow and often spotted, and the spores are yellowish. Wounded places become greenish. It belongs to the section Dapetes, so named doubtless because of the edible qualities of its species. The four New York species of this section are very similar in char- acter, and differ but little except in color and place of growth. They may be tabulated as follows :
Lamelle when young blue, milk blue............. een Gow L. Indigo Schw. Lamelle when young orange, milk orange.......... sooncees U.1CElGIO SIS e/ ama Lamellz when young purplish-red, milk dark red.... ...... L. subpurpureus Pk.
Lamellz when young grayish-yellow, milk pale saffron...... LL. Chelidonium Ph. The first and last species usually occur on drysoil under or near pine trees ; the second and third prefer damp soil in and about swamps and among mosses.
Lactarius sorpipus PA.
A notable variety occurs in Sandlake. It has a hairy pileus and a green- ish stem. ‘The hairs of the pileus are of a brownish-green color, and toward the margin they separate in tufts or squamules. The pileus, as well as the stem, is more highly colored than in the typical form. It may take the name var. hirsuius.
Lacrarius aquirLtuus Pk. The agreeable aromatic odor, which is present both in the fresh and in the dried plant, is similar to that of L. glyciosmuis. ] gly
RussuLa rarens Pers.
The odor of this plant as it occurs with us is not usually fetid or unpleasant. It resembles the odor of cherry bark and might aptly be termed amygdaline. The lamellw are rarely forked and frequently they are quite as equal as in species of the section Fragiles. In this respect it violates the characters of the section Heterophylla in which the species is placed. It is doubtless this form to which Dr. Curtis gave the name Russula amygdalina. But our plant is scarcely a distinct species, for it does occur with numerous short lamellae intermingled with the longer ones, and the same peculiar odor has been attributed by one writer at least to the Huropean R. fetens.
Bo.etus sPECTABILIS Ph.
This rare species occurs near Indian Lake in Hamilton County. It was discovered in North Elba in 1869, since which time I had not met with it. Iv constitutes with B. pictus and B. paluster a natural group of allied species. When young the tomentum in all of them covers the whole pileus.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 57
BoLetus ALBus Pk. This is another Boletus of rare occurrence. When young the tubes are white, but they at length become yellow or ochraceous-yellow. The flesh is white and the plant when fresh emits a fetid odor.
BoLetus SUBTOMENTosSUS L.
A form of this species occurs in which the costz of the stem anastomose in such a way as to form large but rather obscure reticulations. Is it B. danatous Rost.? Another form having the pileus and stem darker-colored than usual occurs on much decayed prostrate trunks of trees and about old stumps. The chinks of the pileus are sometimes whitish.
Bovetus arrinis Ph. A fine variety of this species was found at Gansevoort, in which the pileus was beautifully mottled by small yellowish spots. It merits the name var. maculosus.
BoLetus Mopestus Pi. This rare species sometimes has the flesh of the pileus yellowish. The stem is minutely scurfy or furfuraceous.
PoLYPORUS CHRULEOPORUS Ph. A form of this species was found at South Corinth, in which the whole plant was grayish-blue except the flesh which was white. 6
Potyporus Rurprpium Berk. There is a slight viscidity to the pores of this species. The pileus fades with age.
PoLyporus sPUMEUS /7. A large form of this plant, with pilei sometimes six or eight inches ‘across, occurred at Brewerton.
PoLYPORUS BOREALIS F’, This sometimes occurs on hemlock stumps. It then differs from the form on spruce in haying the pileus broader, wholly white and strigose-hairy or
fibrous-hispid.
PoLyporus voLvatus Ph. The form recently published under the name Polyporus obvolutus Berk. & Cke. is not specifically distinct from this species, according to specimens received from Mr. Ellis,
CLAVARIA BOTRYTES Pers. When old the branches both of this species and of C. flava become elon- gated, obtuse, very fragile and of a uniform color. The yellow tips of the latter and the red ones of the former species wholly disappear.
Myrorgecium Funeicora Pk.
This species has recently been referred to WM. inwndatum Tode. The spores in that species are represented in Sturm’s Dutchland Flora as globose. In our plant they are oblong or cylindrical, a difference which seems to me to be of specific value.
58 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Peronospora Viticota B. & C. Leaves of wild grape-vines. Catskill Mountains. A Peronospora which is scarcely distinguishable from this species occurs about Albany on leaves of the great ragweed, Aibrosia trifida.
MorcHELLA SEMIi.IBERA DC.
Mr Warne finds two forms of this species at Oneida, one with the pileus conical, the other with it hemispherical and obtuse. In both the stem may be either short or long. The pileus is often free nearly or quite to the apex.
GyRoMITRA ESCULENTA FY. (Helvella esculenta.) This plant sometimes grows so large that a single one will weigh a pound.
HELVELLA ELAstica Bull. This species is described as having the pileus free. It is not uncommon to find it with the pileus attached in one or two points to the stem.
VERPA DIGITALIFORMIS Pe7s. Buffalo. Clinton.
HeELoTIUM PILEATUM PA. Decaying stems lying in water. Sandlake. May. ying ying Mf This is a large form about an inch high, with a conical or subcampanulate pileus 2 '-.3!’ broad.
VaLsa Oxyspora PA, The habitat of this species was, by an error, stated to be dead oak branches. It is dead branches of mountain holly, Nemopanthes Canadensis. I have not found it on oak. It is very distinct from V. faleola, if the published characters of that species are at all reliable.
(6.) NEW YORK SPECIES OF LYCOPERDON. LycopERDON Tourn.
Peridium membranaceous, vanishing above or becoming flaccid; bark adnate, subpersistent, breaking up into scales or warts; capillitium soft, dense, adnate to the peridium and sterile base. Syst. Myc., Berk. Ouil., Cooke's Handbook.
The species of Lycoperdon are commonly known as “ Puff-balls.” They belong to a family of fungi called Gasteromycetes, because of their habit of produci ing their spores in the inner cavity of the plant. The particular order to which “they belong is called Trichogasters, a name having reference to the hair-like filaments with which the interior of the mature plant is filled. These filaments form a somewhat elastic mass, and are interspersed with vast numbers of minute dust-like spores. When, therefore, the mature plant is
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST., 59
suddenly compressed, it emits a little cloud of spores which bears some resem- blance to a puff of smoke. This probably suggested the name ‘“ Puff-balls.”
There are two other closely related genera in this order, whose species emit the characteristic puff of spores. One is called Bovista, the other Scleroderma. In the former, the outer rind or epidermis disappears as the plant matures, and there is no distinct spongy or cellular mass of sterile tissue at the base of the plant. In the latter, the walls of the plant are thick and firm when young, and they remain in nearly the same condition when mature. In these respects both genera differ from the genus Lycoper- don. In it the fertile part of the plant is more or less globose in shape, but there is always a mass of coarse empty cells at the base, which constitute a sterile part of the plant—that is, they produce no spores. In those species which have this part highly developed, it constitutes a sort of stem to the fertile part, and raises it above the earth or the matrix on which the plant grows. When the sterile base is but slightly developed, the plant appears to sit directly on the ground or matrix, and is then said to be sessi/e. The exterior of the plant consists of two parts. The outer part is sometimes cailed the bark, sometimes the exterior peridium. In some species it takes the form of minute flocculent or pulverulent masses of scurf-like scales, in others it consists of weak spines or spine-like bristles, while in others still the spines are much longer and stouter, being thickened at the base. Plants with these coarse long spines are said to be echinate, because of their stiff bristly aspect. Sometimes several contiguous spines have their tips curved toward each other and united together, thus forming little stellate or star-like clusters. These external processes or adornments are often called warts. In some species they are deciduous at maturity, in others they form a permanent adornment of the inner rind or true pevidiuwin, but in such cases they usually shrivel with age and become less conspicuous. In a few species, the exterior peri- dium, at maturity, is separable from the inner, and may be peeled off like a thin membrane. The inner or true peridium is at first rather thick and firm, but when fully mature it is generally thin, membranaceous and flaccid. In one series of species, the upper part, when mature, breaks up into irregular fragments and soon falls away; in another series it bursts by a small apical aperture, and then remains in this condition a long time... This difference in the peridia of the various species affords a character by which the genus is divided into two sections. he first section was designated by Fries as Bovistoides, the other as Protecides. The former was raised by Rostkovius to the rank of a genus with the name Langermannia, but modern mycologists have generally followed Fries in regarding these species as a section or sub- genus of Lycoperdon,
The peridium incloses at first a soft fleshy mass of white cellular matter. If a minute portion of this be examined microscopically, a great number of short jointed filaments and enlarged cells or basidia are seen, the latter of which bear slender spicules, usually four apiece, on the tips of which the spores are borne. When the plant is fully developed, this central fleshy substance becomes filled with moisture and quickly changes its color. So abundant is the moisture that it may be pressed out like water from a wet cloth or sponge. The inexperienced collector is sometimes surprised at finding the moisture in the specimens which he has laid up to dry increasing instead of diminishing, and his surprise is soon changed to disappointment and perhaps annoyance, when he sees his beautiful specimens water-soaked and discolored by this superabundance of moisture. In most species the white color of the flesh at first changes to a yellow or greenish-yellow, but this hue soon becomes darker until at last it is either a purple-brown or a dingy-olive ; that is, brown more
60 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM,
or less tinged with dark-red, or brown tinged with yellow or greenish-yellow. In a few species the final color is less decided, approaching a dark-umber or snuff-brown. Sometimes the outer stratum, lying next to and in contact with the inner surface of the peridium, is paler than the rest of the mass. With this change in the color of the interior mass there is also a change no less wonderful in its character. It is now no longer moist and fleshy, but dry and dusty. The whole interior is filled with a soft but elastic mass of intricate, slender, cottony filaments interspersed with countless multitudes of minute dust-like spores. This mass of threads is called the capillitiwm. In some species it is of nearly uniform density throughout, but in others those filaments that spring from the base do not so freely unite and intermingle with those that spring from the walls of the peridium. They, therefore, form a central mass more or less distinct from the rest, and are called the columella. The columella is usually of a somewhat conical shape, but sometimes it is nearly globose. It may be detected in the mature plant by carefully making two opposite slits in the peridium, extending them from the apex nearly or quite to the base, and then opening the two hemispheres thus formed, the uncut base acting as a hinge .on which the halves may turn. The columella, if present, will be seen projecting from the base in the center of the cleft. The slits are best made with a pair of small, sharp scissors, as care should be taken not to disturb the natural position of the filaments more than is necessary. In the mass the capillitium and spores appear tu be uniformly and similarly colored, but often if the filaments are cleared of the spores they are seen to be paler in color. Rarely they are darker. The color of the capillitium and spores might be used as a character for grouping our species in subsections. The spores in all our species are nearly or quite globose. They vary in size in the different species from .00016 to .00025 of an inch in diameter. The olive-tinted spores in nearly all the species are smooth and about .00016 of an inch in diameter, but the purple-tinted ones are always rough or echinulate and generally larger, varying from .0002 to .00025 of an inch broad. It is perhaps needless to s say that the size of the spores does not at all depend on the size of the plant that produces them. The spores of the Giant puff- ball, the largest one of the genus, are but .00016 of an inch in diameter, while those of the little Smooth puff-ball, which is scarcely more than an inch in diameter, are about .JU025 of an inch broad. ‘The color of the spores may be ascertained by ejecting a small quantity of them on white paper or by opening the peridium and exposing them to view.
Puti-balls rarely make their appearance in the early part of the season. Old effete specimens of the preceding autumn may be found in early spring, flattened and closely pressed to the ground by the snows of winter. Fresh specimens-rarely appear before the middle of June. Their greatest abund- ance is in late summer and early autumn. During the months of August, September and October most of our species occur. One species I haye found in July and August only, another in July only. Some species are invariably found in cleared lands, others i woods or bushy places, while a few are denizens of both field and forest. Some grow on the ground only, others on old legs and decaying wood, and a few on both the ground and decaying wood. One southern species is said to inhabit the bark of living oak trees, Some species have distinct, whitish, root-like fibres at the base. These penetrate the earth, and sometimes creep through it for a considerable dis- tance. In the Pear-shaped puff-ball they are generally well developed, and sometimes several individuals are found to be attached together by these creeping subterranean fibres.
In the determination of the species, it is desirable to have specimens in both the mature and the immature condition. The former will afford the
REPoR?T oF THE BOTANIST. 61
means of ascertaining the color and character of the capillitium and spores, the latter will exhibit the color of the immature plant, and the character of its warts or adornments. The character of these, and the characters of the capillitium and spores are of the first importance, but the color of the imma- ture plant and its size and shape are less constant and reliable, and are therefore generally considered of secondary importance. Specimens pre- served entire and in their natural shape are much more satisfactory for study than those that are sliced in sections or pressed flat and mounted on herba- rium paper. Such specimens can easily be kept in trays or small paper ‘boxes. The immature ones should be gathered just before maturity. If taken too early they shrivel too much, and do not keep their shape as well.
Puff-balls are useful because they are edible. None of the species are considered dangerous or eyen hurtful, yet some are so small and so scarce, that they are not of much value for food. The larger ones are generally better flavored than the smaller and more common ones. They should be used as food in the immature condition only, while the flesh is yet of a pure white color. When it begins to discolor its goodness is gone.
The method of preparing them for the table is as follows: Take off the rind and cut the fleshy part into thin slices. Beat up two or three or more eggs, according to the quantity to be prepared, and dip the slices in it. Then fry in butter, seasoning with salt, pepper and savory herbs if desired. Another method is to put the slices in water and heat to the boiling point. Then take them out and fry in butter as before. Pufi-balls, as an article of food, have this advantage over mushrooms. They are not often infested by insects or their larvae, and there is scarcely any possibility of mistaking any deleterious species for them. In the following descriptions, those species whose esculent qualities have been tested by the writer are marked edible.
The Synoptical table is intended to be an aid to the student in tracing the species. Nearly all the characters employed in it are ascertainable without the aid of the microscope. :
SynopricaAL TABLE OF SPECIES. Section 1. Peridiwm Rupturing Irregularly.
Pian very laree, spores dingy-olive...... ....0. cesses sceses L. giganteum. Bian laree, spores purple-brown.. ....3. 02.00... eeccee cece L. cyathiforme. Plant medium size, stem long, spores dingy-brown ......... L. saccatum.
Section Il. Peridium Opening by a Sinall Apical Aperture.
Mature capillitium and spores purplish-tinted.............. a. Mature eapillitinm and spores olive-tinted.................. b. a Denuded peridium reticulate with brown lines.. ...... L. eonstellatum. PICMG CHNPeLIGIUMMYSMOOt I 0k ss -nacs ociesee oeeete lee L. atropurpureum. a Peridium not denuded, warts minute, persistent...... L. glabellum. b Plant shaggy or echinate with spinose or pyramidal warts, ¢ b Plant not shaggy, warts minute or papilla-like......... e. ¢ Plant sessile, growing in cleared land...... ...... 0... L. Wrightii. c Plant subsessile, growing in wood or bushy places.... dd. d Denuded peridium pitted, spores pedicellate. ...... 2... L. pedicellatum. d Denuded peridium smooth, spores not pedicellate. ....., L echinatum. e Plant generally with a stem-like base...... ...... 2... f. e Plant without a stem-like base, sessile........ 0... 220. g. f Denuded peridium pitted and reticulate with dotted lines, L. gemmatum. Po Wenuded peridium not pitted 5 ..c0 oes. ee aida. Saclle's L. molle. f Peridium scarcely denuded, warts minute, equal ....... L. pyriforme. g Plant pinkish-brown, growing in woods.............. L. subincarnatum. g Plant whitish, growing in cleared land............... L. pusillum. g Plant yellowish, growing in woods..... ...... 0... ese. L. coloratum.
# Plant whitish, ovate or conical ......05... .c00c. sscess L. calyptriforme.
62 THIRT)-SECOND RkEPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Section I. Bvvistvides. Peridinm rupturing irregularly, the upper part Salling away in fragments. Columella none.
In the species of this section the peridium is apt to crack im areas, and at maturity it breaks up in irregular fragments and falls away. The capillitium and spores are also soon dispersed, <o that there remains only the sterile base which is sometimes margined by the lacerated, but more permanent basal part of the peridium. In this case the remains are somewhat cup-shaped. The bark or warts are usually of a soft floccose character, but sometimes not conspicuously developed.
~ Lycoperpon GiganteuM Batsch. Giant PUFF-BALL.
Very large, 10-20 in diameter, obconic or depressed-globose, nearly or quite sessile, white or whitish, becoming discolored by age, smooth or slightly roughened by weak spinose or minute floctose warts, sometimes cracking in areas ; capillitium and spores yellowish green to dingy- -olive ; spores smooth, .00016 in diameter. Edible.
Ground in fields, pastures and grassy places. Buffalo, Clinton. Oneida, Warne. North Galway, Tef?. Rensselaerville, Duolittle. Catskill Moun- tains, Paine. Late summer and autumn.
This is the largest puff-ball known in this country, and is therefore very appro- priately named the Giant puff-ball. The species, according to Fries, has also received other names, such as J. marimom Scheeff, the largest puff-ball; Z. Bovista L., the Bovista-like puff-ball; 4. ru/gare Vaill, the Common puff- ball, and L. proteus Sow, the Protean puff-ball. Its dimensions are usually within the limits given in the description, but sometimes it grows much larger. Its great size frequently brings it into notice, and makes it the sub- ject of short newspaper articles. The following have recently fallen under the ob-ervation of the writer, and are introduced here because they indicate the size sometimes attained by this puff-ball: ‘In a low moist portion of the Gordon Park there grew this fall Ae of the largest puff-balls (Lycoperdon giganicum) ever seen. “It measured a little over eight feet in circumference, | and weighed forty-seven pounds. It looked at a distance like some large boulder. * * A specimen of the above dimensions would be a meal for a good large family. In fact, I think it sufficient to appease the appetites of some of the largest European fungus cinbs.”—Country Gentleman. “ There was an enormous puff-ball in a bank near the house of the writer this sum- mer, It was eighteen and a half inches in its greatest diameter, and four feet four inches in circumference. These puff-balls have come up in the same place for many years past, and always of a large size, but never before so Jarge as the above.”—Gevil/ea. ‘ Among noteworthy specimens seen at the recent Edinburgh Fungus Show, was * * a puff-ball (Lycoperdon giganteum) fifty- four inches in circumference and weighing twenty pounds,” —Botanical Gazette. Schweinitz affirms that he found in a certain meadow specimens of this puff-ball three feet in diameter. The largest New York specimen that I have seen is the one contributed by Mr. Warne. It measures fifteen inches in diameter in its dried state. It was considerably larger in its fresh state. The specimen from Rensselaerville is fourteen inches 1 in diameter in the dried state. One writer advises that when one of these large puff-balls occurs at a convenient distance from the house, it should not be removed from its place of growth, but that a sufficient quantity be cut from it fora meal. The next day it may be visited again and enough more be taken for another meal. In this way it may supply a small family for a week ; but if all were taken up and carried to the house at once. some of it
Report OF THE BOTANIST. 63
would spoil before it could be used. It is said that when the growing plant is cut or wounded, the wounds heal or fil! up with new tissue. Cordier states that the old flesh of this puft-ball is sometimes used for amadou, and that the spores are mixed with milk by the Finns, to make a medicine for calves afflicted with diarrhea. They are also used, he says, in making various . shades of brown paint. The capillitium and spores of this and other species are also said to have been used in staunching blood, and their fumes as an anesthetic. Fries says that there are two forms of this species, one acai and the other larger and globose. All the specimens that | heer seen wer depressed- -lobose, their vertical diameter being less than the ated As one correspondent expresses it, they were very much like a large round loaf of bread in shape and in color. In all our specimens the sterile base is very small in proportion to the size of the plant, so that, in the growing state the plant must have appeared quite sessile. Probably the smaller obconic form has a more distinct base. According to Fries, the species is so variable in size, shape, color and the character of the surface, that from these alone it is difficult to distinguish it There is, however, no New York species at present known to me with which it is likely to be confused, if the characters of the mature peridium, and the color of the capillitium and spores are observed.
LYCOPERDON CYATHIFORME Bosc. Cur-SHAPED Purr-BALL.
Large, 3'-10’ in diameter, nearly globose, generally furnished with a short more or less thick stem-like base, whitish cinereous or pinkish-brown, smooth or minutely floccose, sometimes with minute scattered spinules or floccose scales, generally cracking in areas, the upper part at length falling away in fragments and leaving a cup-shaped base witha lacerated margin ; capillitrum and spores purple-brown ; spores rough .0002’-.00025/ in diameter. Edible.
Ground in fields and pastures. Buffalo, Clinton. Oneida, Warne. Utiea, Johnson. Fort Edward, Howe. Albany, Sandlake, Maryland and South Corinth. Autumn.
Bose’s figure and description of this species, for a transcript of which I am indebted to the kindness of Prof. Farlow, are not very satisfactory. They were evidently derived from the basal remains of the effete plant, a mode of describing fungi which is scarcely to be recommended. But in this case it happens that there is no other known American puff-ball than the one here described to which, in the effete condition, his description is applicable, so that there is very little doubt as to the species he intended to describe. A translation of his description is here given.
‘* Sessile, conical, concave at the top, the margin thin and lacerated.
‘‘ This species, which occurs in very dry and open places in South Carolina, appears to have some resemblance to L. infwndibulum Willd. Its color is a grayish-violet, more distinct in the cavity. I have never seen it open naturally to disseminate its seeds. Insects which perforate it, the feet of quadrupeds which crush it, winds which blow it against trees supply this want.”
The use of the word sessile in this description is very natural, if we should suppose as Bosc evidently did, that the sterile base was the only and normal condition of the plant. ‘‘ Conical’? would probably have been more accurate, if it had been written ‘‘ obconical’’ or ‘inversely conical.’ This species, occording to Dr. Berkeley, is apparently the same as L, fragile Vitt. It is also the L. albopurpureum of Frost’s List of Fungi in the Catalogue of
64 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Plants growing near Amherst College. It is the Bovista cyathiformis of the Twenty-second State Cabinet Report, and an immature condition of it was reported and figured in the Twenty-third State Cabinet Report under the name LL. gigantewm.
As an edible species, it is not inferior to the giant puff-ball. It is equal to it in flavor and occurs more frequently and in greater numbers. The smaller plants are about the size of a man’s fist, the larger ones are as big as a man’s head. The short thick stem often penetrates the earth so that the plant appears to be truly sessile. The color is generally brown more or less tinged with pink or lilac, but sometimes it is nearly white. Usually the upper part cracks into rather large distinct areas. Just at maturity there is a thin membrane or epidermis which may be separated from the peridium, which is then seen to have a beautiful but minutely velvety surface. It is at this time quite thick but very fragile. The cup-like base, which remains after the dis- persion of the capillitium and spores, is suggestive of the specificname. It is more or less tinged with the purplish-brown hue of the capillitium and fre- quently persists till the following spring. Sometimes the persistent basal part of the peridium is expanded so that the cup is lost in a nearly plane sur- face. The color of the capillitium and spores readily separate it from the other species of this section.
Lycoperdon saccatumM #7. LonG-STEMMED PuFr¥-BaLL.
Medium size, 2/-4’ high, 1-2’ broad; peridium depressed-globose or somewhat lentiform, supported by a long stem-like base, furfuraceous with minute persistent mealy or granular warts or spinules, often plicate beneath, white or creamy white, at maturity becoming brown or oliye-brown, subshin- ing and very thin or membranous, breaking up into irregular fragments which sometimes adhere to the capillitium for a considerable time, the stem- like base cylindrical or narrowed downward, sometimes thick; capillitium rather dense, subpersistent, and with the spores dingy-olive or dingy-brown, some- times verging toward purplish-brown; spores rough, .00016’-0002’ in diameter. Edible.
Low mossy grounds and bushy swamps, especially under alders. Sandlake, Center and Adirondack Mountains. August—October.
The Long-stemmed puff-ball is one of our finest species. Its symmetrical shape, pure color, soft and delicate appearance, all conspire to render it attractive. The peridium is sometimes nearly globose, but usually it is more or less depressed and hemispherical or lens-shaped. It warts are soft and delicate, and so minute, that to the naked eye the plant appears to be mealy or almost pruinose. They are persistent, but in the mature plant they shrivel or dry up so that they are scarcely noticeable. In the mature ~plant the peridium shrinks to a thin delicate membrane, in which respect it differs from the peridium in the two preceding species. The under surface is some- times marked by radiating alternate elevations and depressions, and in some instances the stem is also rendered uneven by shallow, undulate depressions. The stem sometimes persists long after the disappearance of the peridium and its contents.
Before maturity this species bears a strong resemblance to L. molle Pers., the Soft puff-ball, but when mature the two are easily separated by the differ- ent manner in which the peridium ruptures.
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST 65
Section II. Proteoides. Peridiwm opening by a small apical aperture, persistent. Colwmella generally present.
In this section the species are more numerous than in the preceding, and the plants are generally more abundant, but they do not attain such large dimensions. The peridium persists for a long time, and as its aperture is very small, its capillitium and spores are not so soon dispersed. In some of the species there are larger deciduous warts or spines interspersed among smaller and more persistent ones; in others, all are nearly equal and persist- ent ; in a few, all are deciduous.
* Spores purple-tinted, intermingled with short fragmentary slender jilaments.
LyYcoPERDON CONSTELLATUM Fr. RericuLATE PUFF-BALL.
Peridium subglobose or obovate, sometimes depressed, 10’—-18” broad, echinate with rather long stout crowded brown spines which are either straight curved or stellately united and which at length fall off and leave the surface reticulate with brown lines; capillitium and spores brown or purplish-brown, columella present ; spores rough, .0002—.00025' in diameter,
Ground in dense shades and groves. Oneida. Warne. Rare. Autumn.
I am not aware that this species has been found in any other locality in the State. I have seen the dried specimens only, but Mr. Warne informs me that the fresh plants do not differ essentially in color from the dried ones. These are of a cervine or dull-brown color, closely resembling the hue of the dead and fallen Jeaves among which they appear to have grown. ‘They are about an inch across, and very rough or shaggy, with crowded stout spines. When these have fallen, the surface is reticulated by a network of minutely warted brown lines, a character by which the species is readily distinguished.
LYCOPERDON ATROPURPUREUM Vitt. PURPLE-SPORED PUFF-BALL.
Peridium globose depressed-globose or obovate, 6 /—30'' broad, generally narrowed below into a short stem-like base, white cinerous or brownish, mealy-spinulose hairy-spinulose echinate or stellately echinate, when denuded smooth and subshining; capillitium and spores finally purplish-brown, colu- mella present ; spores rough, .0002’—.00025' in diameter.
Sandy pastures, woods and bushy places. Common. August—October. Albany, Sandlake, Gansevoort, Brewerton, Catskill Mountains and Helder- berg Mountains.
This appears to be one of the most polymorphous species we have. It is so variable that I have been obliged to modify the usual description very much, in order to include forms which are quite diverse, yet which appear to me to run together in such a way that | am unable to draw any satisfactory line of distinction between them. The following is the usual description of the Manuals:
“ Peridium flaccid, dingy-rufous, opening by a minute obtuse mouth ; bark at first rough, with minute spines; sterile base cellular, continuous with the eapillitium ; spores largish, pedicellate, brown-purple, echinulate.”
I do not find the spores in our plant truly pedicellate ; but in all the forms which I have referred to this species, as well as in all the species of this sub-
5
66 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE Musrtum,
section and in European specimens of this species, I find them intermingled with short, fragmentary, slender filaments, which look very much as if they were pedicels broken from the spores. I have not been able to find the spores attached terminally to them; but, in several instances, they appeared to be attached laterally. There also appears to be a minute point or apiculus on the spores, probably the point of attachment; but this is scarcely worthy of being called a pedicel.
There are three principal varieties which I have referred to this species. The first is usually one to two inches broad, sessile, or with a very short stem, nearly smooth, being mealy or pruinose, and having a few minute, weak, scattered spinules or scales. Its color is generally whitish, or white slightly clouded with brown. It grows in sandy pastures and cleared lands, and is probably the nearest of the three in its resemblance to the type.
The second is turbinate or subglobose, and narrowed below into a distinct, though short, stem-like base. It varies in diameter from half an inch to an inch and a half, and is thickly beset with slender bristle-like spinules which are often blackish, and give the plant a decidedly hairy aspect. ‘The largest specimens haye the spinules a little stouter, and sometimes stellately united. Such specimens connect this with the next variety.
The third variety varies from one to two and a half inches in diameter, and is generally furnished with a short stem-like base. Its spines are quite coarse, and often crowded and stellately united. They give it a decidedly rough or echinate appearance, so that at first sight it would be thought a distinct species; but the spines are easily deciduous, and individ- uals oceur in which they are more scattered, and which have a mealy or prui- nose surface, by which characters this variety appears plainly to run into the first J] regard the second and third as worthy of a name, and designate and define them as follows:
Var. hirtellum. Peridium hairy-spinulose with erect or curved sometimes stellately united spinules, which are often of a blackish color.
Ground and decaying vegetable matter in woods.
Var. stellare. Peridium echinate or stellately echinate with rather stout easily deciduous spines.
Ground in woods and bushy places.
In this species the capillitium and spores are at first greenish-yellow, olive- tinted or brownish ; but when fully mature they are purple-tinted, Some care will, therefore, be necessary, lest the last variety be confused with the Echinate puff-ball, L. echinatu... This variety was mentioned im the Twenty-second State Cabinet Report, under the name JL. ca/vescens B. & C. The specimens were thus referred by one of the authors of that species; but when the description of the species was published, the reference was found to be erroneous. The larger, purple-tinted, rough spores forbid such a reference,
LYCOPERDON GLABELLUM Ps. SmootH PUFF-BALL.
Plant subglobose or subturbinate, 8-18! broad, sometimes narrowed below into a stem-like base, yellow or brownish-yellow, furfuraceous with minute nearly uniform persistent warts ; capillitium and spores purplish-brown columella present ; spores rough, .0002’—.00025' in diameter.
Ground in pine woods and bushy places. North Greenbush, Albany and Center. Autumn.
The Smooth puff-ball'is not inferior in beauty to any of our species. Its pretty yellow color and soft, smooth appearance readily attract attention. It
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. . 67
is generally about one inch in diameter, and obovate, pyriform or subturbinate in shape. To the naked eye it appears to be smooth, or only mealy, or mi- nutely papillose; but under a lense it is seen to be covered with minute, granular, or branny warts. These, in all the specimens that I have seen, are persistent. The character of the warts and the different color of the peri- dium enable this species to be easily distinguished from the preceding one, to the smaller and smoother forms of which it otherwise approaches.
* * Spores olive-tinted o7 brown. a. Plant shaggy or echinate.
Lycorerpon Wricuti B. dC. Wricnt’s Pourv-Batt.
Peridium globose depressed-globose or lentiform, 6’’—24" in diameter, gen- erally sessile, white or whitish, echinate with deciduous sometimes crowded stellate spines or pyramidal warts, when denuded smooth or minutely velvety ; capillitium and spores dingy-olive, columella present ; spores smooth, .00016/ in deameter. Edible.
Ground in pastures and grassy places. Very common. July—October.
This is another very variable species. The typical form was a small one, minutely echinate and having the denuded peridium smooth. The plant often occurs much larger and more coarsely echinate with stout angular spines or pyramidal warts which fall off and generally leave the surface of the peridium velvety. This larger form was published in the Twenty-sixth Report of the N. Y. State Museum under the name Lycoperdon separans, but it is impos- sible to keep the two forms distinct. The larger ones sometimes have the denuded peridium smooth and there are other forms intermediate in the size and roughness of the peridium. I have therefore modified the specific descrip- tion so as to include both forms.
Another puff-ball occurs which is probably a variety of this species but of which I haye seen only immature specimens. It is of a purer white color and has the warts or spines tipped with black. For the present I have placed it with this species as a variety. Itis probable that L. calvescens B. & C., is merely another form of this species differing simply in having a stem-like base. The following are the characters of the varieties noticed :
Var. typicum. Small, 6/’-9” broad, globose, minutely echinate, the warts quickly falling off and leaving the peridium smooth. (. Wrightii B. & C.)
Var. separans. Larger, 10''—24’ broad, subglobose or lentiform, echinate with coarse substellate spines or pyramidal warts which at length fall off and leave the peridium smooth or velvety. (L. separans Pk.)
Var. atropunctum. Larger, 10’ -15’ broad, subglobose, pure white, warts or coarse spines brown or blackish at the tips.
This species is generally gregarious, but sometimes it forms tufts of several individuals closely crowded together. It sometimes occurs in cultivated grounds and stubble fields. The under surface is occasionally plicate as in the Long-stemmed puff-ball. In the variety separans the warts or spines are crowded at their thickened bases and slightly attached to each other so that they come off at maturity in flakes or patches. When the denuded surface of the peridium is velvety it is usually of a darker color than when smooth, being subcinnamon, reddish-brown or dark-brown.
68 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
LYCcOPERDON PEDICELLATUM Pk. PEDICEL-SPORED PUFF-BALL.
Peridium 10’—18’’ in diameter, globose or depressed-globose, sessile or narrowed below into a stem-like base, whitish or cinereous, becoming dingy or smoky-brown with age, echinate with rather dense spines which are either straight curved or stellately united and which at length fall off and leave impressions or obscure reticulations on the surface; capillitium and spores greenish-yellow, then dingy-olive, columella present ; spores smooth, pedicel- late, .00016’—.00018' in diameter, the pedicel three to five times as long.
Ground and decaying wood in woods and bushy places. Croghan, Center, Brewerton and Catskill Mountains. Autumn. Oneida, Warne.
The pedicellate spores constitute the peculiar feature of this species. It is one which suggests the name and which enables the species to be easily dis-* tinguished from all its allies. The spore is terminally and _ persistently attached to the pedicel, as in some species of Bovista. The plant is sometimes sessile, but usually it is narrowed below into a stem-like base. In the imma- ture state it has a rough, shaggy appearance, but the spines shrivel with age so that it appears less rough when old. The pitted surface of the denuded peridium affords a mark of distinction from the next species. L. pulcher- vimum B,. & C. is evidently the same species, but the name here adopted has priority of publication.
LYcoPERDON ECHINATUM Pers. EcHINATE PUFF-BALL.
Peridium 10/-18' broad, subglobose, generally narrowed below into a short stem-like base, whitish brownish or pinkish-brown, echinate above with rather stout spines, which at length fall off and leave the surface smooth ; towards the base spinulose or furfuraceous ; capillitium and spores dingy-olive ; spores minutely rough, .00016' in diameter.
Ground and decaying wood in woods. Albany, Forestburgh and Adiron- dack Mountains. August—October.
Fries, in the Systema Mycologicum, refers this species to L. gemmatum as a variety; but it seems to me to be worthy of specific distinction, both on account of the different character of its warts, its much more echinate appear- ance, and its smooth, denuded peridium, He also gives as synonyms 1. can- didum Pers., and L. muricatwm Willd.
The whole plant is generally obovate, pyriform or turbinate, and the spines are larger and more or less curved at and near the apex, diminishing in size toward the base where they are more persistent. In the immature condition it is difficult to distinguish it from the preceding species; but when mature its smooth peridium and spores destitute of pedicels separate it. It grows chiefly in woods among fallen leaves, and on decaying vegetable matter.
b. Plant not shaggy. LycoPERDON GEMMATUM Batsch. StupDED PUFF-BALL.
Peridium 10!'-18” in diameter, globose or depressed-globose, generally nar- rowed below into a stem-like base, scattered or caespitose, subumbonate, whitish or cinereous, often tinged with yellow pinkish or brown, warts generally un- equal, the larger mostly gemmate or papilla-like, pointed at the apex, scattered among smaller granular and more persistent ones, at length falling off and
REPORY OF THE BOTANIST. 69
leaving the surface areolate-dotted or reticulate with a network of fine dotted lines; capillitium and spores greenish-yellow, then dingy-olive or brown, coiumella present ; spores smooth or very minutely rough, .00016/ in diameter, Edible, but not pleasant flavored.
Ground and decaying wood in woods and fields. Very common. July— October.
This is one of the most common and, at the same time, one of the most variable species, It is, therefore, more difficult to describe than to recognize after its peculiar appearance is familiar. The most available marks of dis- tinction are the larger, erect, pointed warts or spinules, scattered among the minute ones, and giving the surface an appearance somewhat, as if studded with gems, and, when these have fallen, the little smooth dots or impressions which they leave on the peridium. These are surrounded by the smaller and more persistent warts, which usually form fine reticulating dotted Jines, and render the denuded peridium scabrous. In some instances, the warts on the upper part of the peridium are more crowded than usual, and nearly uniform in size; but when they fall they leave the usual smooth dots or impressions where they had stood. ‘The denuded peridium is generally cinerous or grayish and opake. The stem varies very much in thickness and length. In some instances, it is almost or entirely wanting; in others, it is elongated nearly as much as in the Long-stemmed puff-ball. It is cylindrical or nar- rowed downwards, and it may be nearly equal to the peridium in diameter, or very much thinner. As in the preceding species, the larger warts gener- ally occur on the upper part of the peridium and near the apex. When these are close and nearly uniform in size, they give the plant a coarsely papillose appearance, and if, at the same time, the stem is wanting, the plant becomes the variety called papillatum, or L. papillatwm Scheff. Such forms occur both with and without the stem, and cannot easily be kept distinct from the ordinary forms. In the variety hirtwm, or L. hirtwm Mart., the larger warts are reduced to slender bristle-like spinules, which are often blackish in color; but they have an expanded base, and when they fall off they leave the usual dot-like impressions and reticulations. This form is rare with us. L. excipuliforme Pers., which is regarded by Fries as a variety of this species, either does not occur with us or else I have confused it with the ordinary forms of the species. It is characterized by its elongated stem with a subplicate base, and its scattered subspinulose warts. Some- times the larger warts are blackish, or tipped with black, and occasionally they manifest a tendency to group themselves in a stellate manner. When the plant is czespitose, it sometimes forms tufts of considerable extent. Such tufts, fully two feet in diameter, and containing scores of plants crowded together so compactly that their usual rounded form was lost, have fallen under my observation.
The following are the characters of the two varieties mentioned as they are given in Systema Mycologicum :
Var. hirtwm. Turbinate, subsessile, hairy with soft slender warts which generally become blackish.
Var. papillatum. Subrotund, sessile, papillose, furfuraceous-pulverulent.
LYcoPERDON MOLLE Pers. Sorr Purr-BA.t. Peridium 6’—16’ broad, globose or depressed-globose, narrowed below into a stem-like base, furfuraceous with nearly uniform persistent minute weak spinules or granular warts, sometimes with a few larger papilliform ones
ral) THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
toward the apex, whitish, sometimes tinged with yellow, when mature brown- ish or olive-brown, nearly smooth, subshining; capillitium and spores dingy- olive, columella present ; spores minutely rough, .00016’—.00018 in diameter,
Among mosses, especially Polytrichum, m old meadows and pastures. Albany, Summit and South Corinth. Autumn.
This puff-ball closely resembles the ordinary forms of the preceding species in the size, shape and color of the immature plant, and by Fries was referred to it as a variety. There may be connecting forms, but if so, I have not observed them, and for the present prefer to keep the two distinct. In this plant, the warts or spinules are very small and weak, so that it has a smooth- ish, soft and delicate appearance, much like that of L. saccatwm. They are mostly persistent, but wither or shrivel with age, so that the mature peridium appears to the naked eye to be nearly smooth and somewhat glossy or shining. In this respect it differs essentially from the Studded puff-ball. I have never seen it with the dotted and reticulate surface of that species. From. the Long-stemmed puff-ball it is with difficulty separated in its immature state, but when mature, the different manner in which the peridium of the two species ruptures will at once distinguish them. From its habit of growing among mosses, the stem is often elongated, and is sometimes very slender in proportion to the size of the peridium. In wet weather the peridium of this and the preceding species manifests a tendency to crack in areas.
LycoPERDON PYRIFORME Scheff. PEAR-SHAPED PUFF-BALL.
Plant 6//-15" broad, 10’-20" high, generally ceespitose, obovate, pyriform or turbinate, sessile or with a short stem-like base, radicating with white branch- ing and creeping root-like fibres, subumbonate, covered with very minute sub- persistent nearly uniform warts or scales, often with a few slender scattered deciduous spinules intermingled, pallid dingy-whitish or brownish ; capilli- tium and spores greenish-yellow, then dingy-olivaceous, columella present ; spores smooth, .00016/ in diameter. Edible, but not well-flavored.
Decaying wood and ground both in woods and cleared lands Very com- mon. July—Octoher.
The Pear-shaped puff-ball sometimes approaches ih gemmatum in size and shape, but it is not easily mistaken for that species because of the different character of its warts. They are very numerous, small, nearly uniform in size, and appear to the naked eye like branny scales. They are often quite as distinct on the stem as on the peridium, They are quite persistent, but sometimes fall from the upper part of the peridium, leaving it smooth and whitish or cinerous. The peridium frequently cracks in areas, especially in wet weather. One form occurs with the peridium abruptly narrowed into a small, but distinctly scaly stem; another is of a very pale color and almost smooth, the warts being scarcely visible to the naked eye. In mountainous forests, patches of this puff-ball which are several feet in length frequently oceur on old prostrate mossy trunks. Whole clusters of young plants may sometimes be obtained attached together by their creeping radicular fibres.
LYCOPERDON SUBINCARNATUM Pk. PiInkiIsH PUFF-BALL. Peridium 6-12” broad, globose, rarely either depressed or obovate, gre-
garious or ceespitose, sessile, with but little cellular tissue at the base, covered with minute nearly uniform pyramidal or subspinulose at length deciduous
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. ak
warts, pinkish-brown, the denuded peridium whitish or cinereous, minutely reticulate-pitted ; capillitium and spores greenish-yellow, then dingy-oliva ceous, columella present; spores minutely roughened, .00016—.00018' in diameter.
Prostrate trunks, old stumps, etc.,in woods. Common. August—October.
This is a very distinct species not likely to be confused with any other. Its peculiar color is quite constant, and this, with its minute, uniform warts, czspitose habit, sessile character, and pitted, denuded peridium, easily dis- tinguishes it from all allied species. It rarely exceeds an inch in diameter, and I have never found it growing on the ground, nor in cleared lands. It often has white, creeping, radicular fibres, similar to those of L. pyriforme, and it sometimes forms patches equal in extent to those of that species. The little pits or depressions in the denuded peridium are lett by the deciduous warts. They are smaller and deeper than the similar impressions of L. gemmatum, and are not surrounded by dotted lines.
Lycoperdon Pusittum #7. LirrLte Purr-BALu.
Peridium 3-12” broad, globose, scattered or caespitose, sessile, radicating, with but little cellular tissue at the base, white or whitish, brownish when old, rimose-squamulose or slightly roughened with minute floccose or furfu- raceous persistent warts ; capiliitium and spores greenish-yellow, then dingy- olivaceous ; spores smooth, .00016/ in diameter.
Ground in grassy places and pastures. Common. June—October.
This puff-ball is generally about a half an inch in diameter; but specimens sometimes occur that are scarcely larger than a pea, and others that are fully an inch across. It grows in open ground, either on naked soil or among short grass, and is sometimes crowded together in tufts: Its surface is often cracked in areas which are sometimes quite minute, giving the surface a scaly appearance. Rarely the warts are in the form of minute, branny spinules or stellate hairs, They are generally persistent, but in the mature plant they are so shriveled that they are scarcely noticeable. It occurs throughout the season, sometimes appearing as early as June. Its smoother surface will readily distinguish it from small forms of L. Wrightii and L. geimmatum, var. papillatun.
a.
LYcoPERDON coLoRATUM Pk. CoLoRED PUFF-BALL.
Peridium 5-10" broad, globose or obovate, subsessile, radicating, yellow or reddish-yellow, brownish when old, slightly roughened with minute gran- ular or furfuraceous persistent warts ; capillitium and spores at first pale, inclining to sulphur-color, then dingy-olive ; spores subglobose, smooth, about .00016/ in diameter.
Ground in thin woods and bushy places. Sandlake and Catskill Moun- tains. July and August.
This delicate little puff-ball is quite rare. It is generally about a half an inch broad and nearly globose, though sometimes it is narrowed toward the base, where it is usually furnished with a few delicate, white, radicular fibres. The color of the immature plant is yellowish and quite conspicuous ; but when old it so closely resembles the dead, brown color of the fallen leaves among which the plant grows, that it is difficult to detect it. But few individuals
2, THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
are found in one place. ‘The warts are very minute, and easily overlooked. They have a granular or almost mealy appearance, and, when old, usually become blackish. At first the capillitium and spores appear to haye a sul- phur-yellow color ; but when fully mature, if the capillitium is cleared of the spores, it is seen to be much darker. There appears to bea slight depression in one side of the spore, so that, when viewed in a particular direction, it appears flattened or depressed on one side, although viewed in a different direction it may appear globose.
LyCOPERDON CALYPTRIFORME Berk. ConicaAL PUFF-BALL.
Peridium about 6’ high, 3/—4" broad, ovate or subconical, sessile, whitish, furfuraceous with minute warts or sipinules; capillitium and spores olivaceous or yellowish-olivaceous ; spores smooth, .00U16 in diameter.
Moss-covered rocks. Very rare. Adirondack Mountains. August.
I have met with this very small and rare species but once, and then but two specimens were found. In these the apex was compressed or laterally flattened, instead of papilliform, as required by the original description of the species; but in all other respects they agree well with the specific charac- ters. The plant is very distinct from all our other species by its small size and ovate or conical shape. n
In closing this report, grateful acknowledgments are rendered to those’ bot- anists whose names already appear in the preceding pages, for their kind codp- eration in the investigation of our flora, and for their generous contributions of specimens.
When no name is added to the station or stations herein given, the plant has been found therein by the writer. Dates signify the time when the specimens were collected or the plants observed.
Respectfully submitted, CHAS. H. PECK. ALBANY, January 4, 1879.
MOSSES OF CALEDONIA CREEK. 73
|From the Tenth Report of the New York Commissioners ot Fisheries.]
THE MOSSES OF CALEDONIA CREEK.
By CHARLES H. PECK.
The plants received from Caledonia creek (the fish-hatching station), are a water-cress, a chara, and four mosses, The latter grow in tufts or patches more or less dense, either in wet places or submerged in water. When growing in or under water, they afford a place of refuge or a habitation, and probably food, also, to various water insects and their larvee, small mollusks and crustaceans. The mosses received had an abundance of these small animals among their branches. I have before observed inhabitants of similar character in tufts of moss in swamps and mountain rivulets, but never before have I seen them so various and so numerous. Whether this abundance is due chiefly to the char- acter of the stream whence the specimens were taken, or to the character and plenteousness of the food it affords them, or to both combined, may be a ques- tion. But one thing is evident. There cannot long be an abundance of con- sumers without an abundance of food to be consumed. The abundance of ani- mal life in Caledonia creek implies an abundance of food on which these organ- isms exist, and, if we wish to perpetuate or increase this abundance, we must preserve or increase the necessary supply of food.
There is, among the mosses of that locality, one of special interest, both because of its rare occurrence, and because of the noticeable coincidence between its abundant growth there, and the abundance of animal life that accompanies it. It is possible that this coincidence is purely accidental, and yet, on the other hand, it is not wholly improbable that there is some important connection between the two facts, which would render a brief account of the moss desirable.
It is known to botanists by the name Hypnwm noterophiluin, or Moisture- loving moss, under which name it was described by Messrs. Sullivant and Lesquereux.
Franklin and Lancaster counties, Pennsylvania, are its previously reported localities, given on the authority of Prof. T. C. Porter. In those localities it is said to grow in limestone springs. It was discovered in the Caledonia locality, several years ago, by Hon. G. W. Clinton, but up to the present time this remains its only known locality in our State. It is quite evident, therefore, that it is a moss of very rare occurrence in our State, although it occurs in abundance in this single locality. At Caledonia it grows (according to my information) in shallow, mostly quiet or slowly flowing water, attached to peb- bles and rocks, and forms quite extensive patches of a dark-green or blackish- green color. The stems are generally two to four inches long, though smaller forms sometimes occur. ‘They are irregularly branched, the branches being rather long, and ascending or nearly erect, so that the moss has a somewhat stiff or rigid aspect. The narrow, nearly erect leaves, also add to this peculiar appearance. They are furnished with a stout, thick midrib, which extends through the leaf and projects a little beyond its apex. In some of the specimens nothing remained of many of the lower leaves except this thick midrib, Whether the blade of these leaves had been eaten away by the crustaceans and insect larvee that hide everywhere among the branches, or whether it had gradually
74 THIRTY-SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE Museum
fallen away by decay. is uncertain. The principal features of the moss are rep- resented in the accompanying illustration (Plate 3).
I have never seen the moss in fruit, and am of the opinion that it rarely, if ever, fruits in submerged situations. It is a noticeable fact, that it has occurred in limestone regions only, and in water in which more or less lime is held in solution. Any experiments in transplanting it in other waters would be more likely to be successful, if this fact be kept in view; still it is possible that it might thrive in other waters. One of the mosses associated with it, at Caledo- nia, frequently occurs in water free from lime. The pebbles and small stones could be easily removed by taking them up bodily with the attached moss and its occupants, and transporting them to the desired localities. If planted in large streams, care should be taken to place them in still, shallow water, for in streams of strong current and large volume, the smaller stones are rolled about by the force of the current, so that mosses seldom acquire or retain a foot-hold in such situations.
The three other mosses associated with the preceding one, are Hypnum rus- ciforme, the Ruscus-like moss, Hypnum filicinum, the fern-branched moss, and Hypnum riparium, the river-bank moss. The first one has occurred in our State, in rivulets in the Catskill and Shawangunk Mountains. The second has been found in. many localities, but it prefers springy places and dripping rocks in limestone districts. The third occurs everywhere, in swamps, water- holes, and sluggish streams. The specimens of these were less in quantity than of the other, from which [ infer that they are not in unusual abundance there, and probably their occurrence is of no special significance. §
STATH OF NEW YORK.
a WS aed a ied Be se
may NUAL REPORT
OF THE
MATE MUSEUM OF AATURAL HISTORY.
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE, FEBRUARY 7%, 1880. -
LEGISLATIVE PRINTERS.
3 REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. 33 Re, Rup fe®
S. B. WootwortH, LL. D., Secretary of the Board of Regents of the University :
Sir — Since the date of my last report, specimens of one hundred and eighty-three species of plants have been mounted and placed in the herbarium of the State Museum of Natural History, none of which were before represented therein. A list of the specimens mounted is, marked (1).
Specimens of plants have been collected in the counties of Albany,
Dutchess, Oneida, Onondaga, Orange, Saratoga, Schenectady, Suffolk and Rensselaer. These represent one hundred and eighty-eight species, of which one hundred and fifty-one are new tothe herbarium. Sixty- eight of these are believed to be new or hitherto undescribed species. A list of the specimens collected is marked (2). * Specimens of nineteen New York species, new to the herbarium and not represented by specimens collected by myself, have been contrib- uted by correspondents. These, added to those collected, make the whole number of added species one hundred and seventy. There are, besides, a considerable number of extra-limital contributions. A list of the contributors and their contributions is marked (3).
Previously unreported species, including new species and their de- scriptions, are marked (4).
New stations of rare plants, remarks and observations are marked (5).
‘Among the Agarics, classified by botanists under the sub-generic name Amanita, are several species known to be deleterious when used as food. These are sometimes mistaken, by persons not possessing sufficient knowledge or ability to distinguish the species, for those that are harmless and truly edible, and serious accidents are the result. The published descriptions of the species are generally purely techni- eal, and scarcely intelligible to any except botanists. It has, therefore, seemed desirable that a revision of the New York species of this group should be made, and the descriptions written in such a manner as to give special prominence to the principal distinctive characters, so that the spe- cies may be easily and readily recognized. The descriptions of all the species hitherto observed in our State have, therefore, been rewritten and supplemented by remarks upon their variations, their peculiar charac- teristics, and their distinguishing specific features. or the Venefit of students of fungi, the synonyms have to some extent been given, and the spore characters of each species have been added. ‘The qualities generally ascribed to the more common species are also noted. Of the others, they are not yet ascertained. The account of these Agarics is marked (6).
Glaucium luteum.........:.. Scop. Alliaria, ofiemale. 2.2.5.2... . DEG: Hypericum adpressum........ Bart. ASTELSMEMOLAlIS;) .esss Ace oe Ait. Plantaco)Ruceliiy 25-2 + Decaisne. Gentiana puberula......... ote Potamogeton crispus......... L. Ibisterasaustralis’ 2-5c25.. ssc Lindl. Chantransia violacea..... ee Cie AYENEMA ANSON... - 23 - -- Hass. Gleetrichia Pisum............ Thuret Micromitrium Austinii....... Sull. Agaricnsispretuseeschiae: ttle LK;
: impolitoides......... Pk. A. SUDMUTINS eye cess Lede A. WIDOIGES saree aes. ele: A. patuloides -.. 2:2. Pk:
A. déealbatts se e.stteee Sow. A. OGOFUSHaty at tthe Se Bull A. ATL S ONL Seek W es he atk Ved i A. leptolomus: ~.:...... bere: A. cremoraceus......,.. Lk. A. hygrophoroides..... Pk. A. lenitinoides. 2... 43: Jey A. ALTATOID ES): 16 0. 3 cies Pie: A. Juteopallens......... Pk. A, epichysium. oe...) Pers. A. tomentosolus........ Pk. A. WOLDTOSUs ase een. ¢ Pers. A. dystheles: i... . 0.6 Ph. A. MUI CADUS ae ee ronal Fr. A. trechisporus........ Berk. A. nodulosporus....... Pk. A. eutheloides......... Pk. A. Tce eh he te eS Ue: Pk. A. AAPINEUS x3 {< .-ctere os Fr. A. carbonarius... .... F7. A. AG HEADUITS) wr eek ts ora Fr. A. AAVIGUS: Ave. ne OCIS A. Artemisse? 502) 250 Pass. A. MOdeStisy .. +All Ris. Cortinarius czrulescens...... F7. C; crystallinus...... Fr. cS, Han Ch Vhs Peay ieee Pk. C: OPIN = eee Sted iat OG; bivyeluss 3.754% .212 %,
ay furfurelliiss ace Pk. Cc; armeniacus....... Fy, rat IOUOS Ee Sieve et B.C. Hygrophorus lividoalbus..... Fr. Lactarius corrugis..... ..... Pk. Russula nigricans 24 Mteiel tga lees Bull. R. GPU CH hs bh sratberien abe Fr, R. compacta............ HMrost.
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
(1.)j
PLANTS MOUNTED.
New to the Herbarium.
Russula olivascens......... 1 flavida.c see eee Marasmius archyropus..... Boletus punctipes.......... B. rubinellus>..---eee B. sensibilis........ a B. Roxane... eee Polyporus parvulus........ Be simillimus... Pe circMatis.seeeee ee cuticularis...... Be chrysoloma..... ey molluscus....... Trametes "Trop. ase Hydnum fuscoiitrum....... 5 cipnabarinum..... Efe alutaceum).. ese
Grandinia membranacea.. . Craterellus Cantharellus..... C. cla Vatius «jensen Corticium polyporoideum... . subrepandum.... Clavaria fastigiata......... C. formosa 5 MO) ER C. corrugata....:...- C. flaccid af... aes
C.
Tremella subcarnosa. .
Dacrymyces conglobatus... Melanogaster variegatus...... Rhizopogon rubescens..... Cynophallus caninus....... Phallus Ravenelii..... 2...
Geaster Capensis........ sit, Enerthenema papillata..... Cribraria vulgaris ......... Acrospermum album.......
Sphzeropsis Peckiana. .
8. pulchrispora. Bat Ss. typhina); 2 ise
S. COTNING, .). 5\s sets Depazea Juglandina........ Septoria Albaniensis....... 8. Canadensis........ Vermicularia compacta..... Torula ramospc. ts) eee Septosporium velutinum. .. Puccinia Scirpl ci. -\e eee Synchytrium Anemones....
Protomyces conglomeratus ..
Isaria fulvipes, ..)s.. 20ers Tubercularia hirtissima... . AM subdiaphana...
-
oa
.. Thum
2 Dee.
. Scho.
State Musrum or NatTurAL History.
Periconia albiceps
eeeee
Helminthosporium obovatum,
Kh.
Pk. Berk.
Cladosporium compactum.... B. &C. Heterosporium Ornithogali... 7. Fusicladium dendriticum..... Wadllr. Cercospora Roszecola......... Pass. L\jDiN 5 Aap eerinaiee Fres. Peronospora Ficariz...... CMLL: Corydalis. . . De By. IEE ga angliformis. . Heeger Berk. . Verticillium lateritium....... Bha POlyACHIS CIMGTES. /. 05.02 6-:-- Berk Penieillinmy bicolor." . 0 i...) Jsige Spendylocladium tenellum... Pk. Oidium destruens............ Pk. eammleri® efuse...........: Pk.
: WaTIADIis.s... -...- Feckl. R. albomaculata...... Pk. R: angustata.......... Pk. R. Norvegice........ Pk.
R. AOR... fk Pk. R. melineolay. 2... . <3: Pk. Plantaginis........ Pk. Glomerularia Corni.......... Pi: Sporotrichum sulfureum..... Gre.
: virescens...... TEES: S. alutaceum...... Sch. S. lamyvatume. ... Pk. Acremonium flexuosum...... Pk. Sepedonium cervinum........ Dittm.
brunneum)::....- ze Morchella angusticeps.. PE: Gyromitra curtipes ety Geoglossum irregulare....... Pk. Peziza euplecta. 2.2... ...... Cke. LR MHCIANTOMIAE Ss. =. -- Sow. E. ADCO aati a Cke. P: Teursanaliseis.0-. <2. - Pk:
PLANTS COLLECTED.
Not new to the Herbarium. Thalictrum dioicum.......... 1G. JNGISEE, GMI) Ok eee Bigel. Wate] Ey S21 11d ee eee Pursh. Hypericum mutilum......... Li Linum striatum......... . Walt. Lespedeza reticulata......... Pers Levi oreis}. Lovin) 70 hole eee Mz. Proserpinaca palustris ....... LL. Dipsacus sylvestris ......... Milt. ISTOMMETIGOLGES <5. wie car eyeie LL.
A. GOMOBUS shes cle dake ooh L. ae Minadescanti!. « «....<% e+: LT. Solidago altissima........... Tis 8. PUP ANGEA cys oc). ewer Ait. Polymnia Canadensis........ Wop Hieracium venosum......... I.
13
Peziza humosoides..........- 27s. P. longipila: ss 0 ene eee Lee UTUICIN Ae steerer eiareetorere Pk. 1 ANP Ge oa ccoan dor Fekl ie mre laleucaactea sh eeies Fy. iP Mkviplicetc ce eecicts cease ele: P’ Splieorelilats == sata ete Wat OF Pe enterochroma........ Pi Helotium lutescens........-- Er: lal fratermuim + sack ee Jes. He WALUSbrOsee seer. Store Pk. late vibrisseoides ...... ie Patellaria pusilla........ Pk Dermatea minuta ....... Be ae Bulsaria bicolotaec..- bert Pie. B. deligatacs. 0... Pk. Bxoascush rome tenet etre: Fekl Taphrina aurea......0--e% +> Tul. Hypomyces luteovirens.... .. 7. Dothidea reticulata.......... Fr. Hy poxylonmidumecis- cee Lilie Diaiey pe verrucoides ........ Pk.
Valsa pulviniceps..........-- Pie: We, “ESornine eat toe Up: Lophiostoma bicuspidata .... Cke. Spheeria squamulata......... Schio. Ss. subiculata.,.......... Schw. S. AN Cri Cates tesa cee erie. S. SCOPUMA teers cte tie C. & P S. albidostoma........ Pk. S. Clawariinas. were Pk. S. subdenudata.......- Pk. s. WAG Eee owe ceuia do Et. S. j\ineoulWhr Ss Ge oo Gicboe PTs: S. TMEChOLIG rere ters « Fekl. Spherella Peckii........ . Spegaz.. 3 septorioides........ Pk.
(2.)
Gerardia tenuifolia.......... i ahl. Lycopus Europeus.... - Monarda fistulosa..........- £ Lophanthus nepetoides....... Benth. Polygonum Hartwrightii..... Gr. Potamogeton natans.......-. L. 126 hybridus Neate. eae Mu. PB: gramineus........-+.-- Te Triglochin palustre........- L. Cyperus dentatus........+--- Torr. Eleocharis olivacea.........- Torr. Carex tentaculata...........- Muhl. C. intumescens........ . Rudge. C. polytrichoides...... ... Muti. C. (eile gecaac cvolbodcue Dew. Spartina alterniflora.... .-..- Loisel. Eragrostis capillaris........ .. Nees
Panicum proliferum. ........ Lam.
14
Hordeum vulgare. .. Equisetum arvense........ Woodsia obtusa...........
di: 1m Torr.
New to the Herbarium.
Lechea racemulosa......... ee feniitOliass) oe ook aae Rudbeckia triloba..... .... Mentha rotundifolia. Salvia Sclarea...........-. Potamogeton Robbinsii ... Spiranthes simplex........ Glyceria obtusa... .... Muhlenbergia sobolifera. .
PREP bbb bbb bb
Cladonia Boryi eine te ae Vaucheria velutina ....... Agaricus solitarius......... strobiliformis....... rhagadiosus......... BTOSTANUA As eis CangicansS. ©. == cess COMPTessipes.....°.-\< = WHESCENS: ooo. s aciak ATUUISAtUS: - as hex. contluens; 143-3.) .-4 be Rie ee Ses yale bombycinus......... seabrinellus......... CHLVIPES ae o= -cee te Cortinarius multiformis.... ce LODNACCUS. er so ipake C. pulchrifolius. . . - 6. rubrocinereus....... C. aliPinosus,.- = 2,552). C. BetICipes Te eee. C. croceoconus......... C. basalis. .
Russula fragilis. Bets ys cplesete att Cantharellus brevipes. ant sla yase) -o aieleieetetetalote« P: dealbatus...-:... <- ? IBOLEDOS LE TOSiM Le 2 vere acree Polyporus hispidioides..... 1 benzoinus....... als ES CHIONCUS eee ize HOGCOBUB. ies. is Stereum neglectum.... ... Cyphella caricina... ...... Hymenula hysterioides. Clavaria py xidata) sid) eeit C. Miniatai.:ss ./ 5% Physarum mirabile........ Cribraria argillacea........ Phoma Herbarum......:... BP: Phytolaces:./. 0. ¢ ie linecolatum...... ie} longipes. Leptothrium punc tiforme . 16 dryinum.. : Hendersonia abnormalis. .
Spheropsis celastrina...... 8. BOTIALUS 3.42% oh os 2) Ae S. “CermAsinal. cage Arcee
Ss. phomatella..........
Mz. Mz. LL. 1H L.
. Oakes.
Gr.
-, Lin:
Trin. eye uckm.
Pk.
TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
| Spheropsis abundans...... S. smilacina,.,<.i- eee Septoria pastinacina... .... S. hedeomina .....<.<«. S. Gel: .:). «eaptee eee S. Ostrye.. .+= - a¢aeaner S. lythrina:..; 2 0-- eer S. Increscens:-. sae Ss. Ludwig: °c pee Ss. Mori: 2\).- cepycteesaeee 8. Unrticee: - 2.55). beeen S. Cornicola: 33. eee s. atropurpurea........ Ss. AceTiS >. 7 oa Cytispora minuta..... mE oe: Gleosporium Trifolii.. ... G. Tbaportere. - =: pee G. Hepatice <3 euppeee Ge salicinui. - -- eee _Coryneum pustulatum.....
Asterosporium betulinum .. Melanconium cerasinum.... Torula;uniformis: sees
|Synphragmidium effusum. . | Gymnosporium yariabile...
Puccinia: Milisianas.ce eee
Melampsora Hartigii....... Roestelia; MIS" <2 eee Cronartium asclepiadeum.. Stilbum pruinosipes.......
| Periconia parasitica........ | Tubercularia Celastri......
Helminthosporium Pruni... Macrosporium Meliloti....
Alternaria Chartarum ... Helicosporium cinereum ... Polyactis Streptothrix...... Pyricularia grisea. .o- ee Peronospora obducens .... . Oidium irregulare......... Cercospora Nye : C. Smilacis. . ee C, elongatal”. .. ereene C. squalidula. 932-28 CG: Canlophyiliz 2 teen C. priseéllan 7. -58¢ cle C. ZODTING. <)..2 . «= eee C, althzina, ) 2." 5. eee C. Sanguinari#......:. Ramularia Armoracie,
R. Duleamare.......2- R. Mitellae: 7" :0:7.eaeee R. Celastris.2 eae Microstroma leucosporum. . Fusisporium Solani....... Helvella palustris .... .... Peziza subvernalis. ....... ee luteodisca>~ see BP: multipuncta. 7 eer Ie floriformis’ =.= eee Pp: mycogena.:-°..5... 1s repalis. 257%. sobre F. sanguinea...
Strate Museum or NaAturAL History.
Helotium vitigenum....... De Not. Diatrype nigrospora........ Pk. 1B pallescens...... 2.0... Fr. Valsa. Carpinia.. . <uese . Pers. H. affinissimum....... Pk. WEN -DUNGE See. oeoprne pric Fekl. Patellaria Hamamelidis... Pk. Pe paucispora.......... Pk. Cenangium Viburni........ Scho. Ve Comp tain: 2689 Tul. Caliciopsis pinea........... Pk. V. PONTCOMI ss miele = Ph. Hysterium gramineum. ... Mid N. |V. HOSSONA Ac «aie aians Fr. Taphrinaalnitorqua ....... Tul. até Aibietish 24-1 ato Fr. Nectria dematiosa......... Scho. |V.0 adtocyetiss aa..0f lates Pk. ylaniaibulboso............ B.& Br. | Cucurbitaria longitudinalis. Pk. Hypoxylon Blakei......... BOE. Sphereila recutita......... Hr: Kutypa subtecta........... Fr. Ss. Gepressan ci sc 2 ee Pk. Diatrype quadrata......... Schw. 8. COMICAL -tercteie ole, «/=) 1» Pk. Dz. Sub) | a Vikip (3.)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Mrs. 8S. M. Rust, Syracuse, N. Y. Epipactis helleborine v. viridans, rm.
Mrs. M. J. Myers, Syracuse, N. Y. Scolopendrium vulgare, Sm.
Mrs. H. S. Gifford, Syracuse, N. Y. Botrychium Lunaria, Sw.
Miss L. G. Barnett, Cannonsburg, Pa. Secotium Warnei.......... Pk. | Geaster limbatus. ......... Fr.
_ Mrs. L. A. Millington, South Haven, Mich. Ascomyces deformans, Berk. Prof. D. C, Eaton, New Haven, Ct. Asplenium Bradleyi, Eaton.
Prof. §. A. Forbes, Normal, Ll].
ace podophyllina...... Pk. Septoria Wachuca: oer aoe - Pass. ITU si- cats Fe =, 2 Pk. Cellulosporium spherosporum, Pk.
Hh
C. Atwood, Moravia, N. Y Danthonia compressa, Ast.
S. H. Wright, M. D., Penn Yan, N. Y. Enonymus Americanus v. obovatus, T. & G.
HB. H. Crocker, Troy, N. Y. Trifolium repens, L. F. B. Hine, Silver Cliff, Col. Bovista subterranea, Pk. C. W. Irish, Iowa City, lowa.
Mycenastrum spinulosum.... Pk. | Bovista subterranea........ Pk. E. Michener, M. D., Toughkenamon, Pa. Polyporus elongatus........ Berk. | Tuber excavatum.......... Vitt. Hon. T. M. Peters, Moulton, Ala. Phallus rubicundus...... Bose. Hypoxylon Petersii... .... B. & C.
Cenangium platascum..... Pk. Collema callibotrys........ Tuckm.
16 TWENTY-=HIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
E. W. Holway, Decorah, Iowa.
AXcidium Polemonii....... Pk. | AScidium albescens ........ Grev. W. Barbeck, Philadelphia, Pa. Enerthenema papillata ..... Pers. | Chondrioderma floriforme.. Bull. Prof. W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Mass. Uromyces Peckiana........ Far. Ascomyces flavus ......°... Far. U. Junci v. Spartine, Far. A. deformans y. Po- Puccinia Epil. v. Proserpin- tentillas..2 <i. chides Far. ACE he Fhe) oe ae Fai
E. 8. Miller, Wading River, N. Y.
Ranunculus Ficaria........ L. Pogonia verticillata........ Nutt. Rumex maritimus......... ie Marsilia quadritolia. seer Alnus glutinosa........... Gert. ; Cystoclonium purpurascens, Ktz.
W. R. Gerard, New York, N. Y.
Stereum scriblitum........ B.d& Cke. | Tuber dryophilum......... Tul. Simblum rubescens........ Ger. Spherella spleniata........ CAT ed os
E. A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa.
Gymnosporangium — specio- Trichobasis Oxytropi....... Pk.
BUM aateegi aie oie ce eels Ris /Ecidium monoicum....... Pk, Puccinia atropuncta ....... P&C. ZB. Jamesianum..... Pk. Lecythea macrosora........ Pk.
Prof. J. Macoun, Belleville, Ont. Paxillusthirsutus. o...0eS Pk. | Polyporus Macouni........ Pk:
C. C. Frost, Brattleborough, Vt. Lycoperdon Frostii, Pk.
A. P. Morgan, Dayton, Ohio.
Polyporus frondosus....... Fr. Polyporus graveolens ..... Scho. Morgani........ Frost. .|Stemonitis Morgani........ Fit.
J. J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis.
Agaricus amabilipes....... Jed Lycoperdon celatum....... Bull. Mycenastrum spinulosum.. Pk. L cyathiforme ... Bosc.
M. E. Jones, Grinnell, Iowa.
Sorosporium atrum........ Pk. Tricholasis gaurina........ Pk. 8. Astragali..... Ph. Aicidium gaurinum........ Piz Puccinia aberrans....... ap alale, fii. Galise, 5 3.ss cere Pk. P, intermixta. eric AB. intermixtuin...... Pk, PB: Physalidis. . aie Pk. Spheerella megastoma,..... Pk. Uromyces hyalinus ....... Pk. ;
Prof. D. S. Martin, New York, N. Y. Reestelia lacerata, Jul.
N. L. Britton, New Dorp, N. Y.
Desmodium viridiflorum.... eck. Quercus *Phellos...2. eee L. Ribes Grossularia.......... L. Spiranthes simplex........ Gr. Digdietexesy fs cass ase Walt. Juncus maritimus.......... Lam. Artemisa cadauta....,..... J Mr. Cyperus cylindricus . ..... Britton, Veronica Buxbaumii. ..... Ven. Scirpus sylvaticus........
Mentha rotundifolia.,..... L. Carex extensal... ic. nasteiee Good. Heliotropium Europeum,.. L. | Muhlenbergia capillacis.... Kunth.
State Museum or NATURAL History. 14
Hon. G. W. Clinton, Buffalo, N. Y.
Agaricus bombycinus ...... Scheff. Melogramma gyrosum Schiw Clavaria pyxidata......... Pers. | Cystopus cubicus.......... Lew Pestalozzia Guepini........ Desm. | Peziza sanguinea .......... Pers. Puccinia Ellisiana.......... Thum. | Cenangium Viburni........ Schw. : atropuncta,....... Pe Rhytisma sparsum......... P. &'C Stilbum erythrocephalum.. Dittm. | Diatrype quadrata......... Schw Arthur-Hollick, Port Richmond, N. Y. Ranunculus Ficaria........ L. Eclipta procumbens........ / Mex. Portulaca grandiflora....... Hook. | Tecoma radicans........... Juss. Frayaria Indica ... ....... Ait. Morus alpas. 1 alo & Ribes Grossularia.......... L. | Tripsacus dactyloides.... .. L Diodia teres. .............; Walt J. B. Ellis, Newfield, N. J.
Stereum zonatum.. ....... Ell. Ombrophila aurea.......... Ell. Pestalozzia monocheta. .... Desm. O. SUDAMTea 2 ees. Cke. Cladosporium fasciculatum. C. & ZF. O. VWolacess hi) ae Fr. Macrosporium atrichum.... (. & E. Stictis pinophila........... Hl. M. IOQUINAHS........... C. & E. S. HN GAT igus anit lg C. & E. Trichothecium griseum..... Che. Dothidea petiginosa........ Ell. Colletotrichum caudatum,... Pj. Diatrype rhuina....:..; ... C. & #. Fusisporium cyathicolum... ZU. Eutypa subtecta........... Ey Peziza acerina.... ........ C. & E. Valsa delicatula............ C. & E.
mauribarba.... .... EU. V. LN 11s (hm ie) ea C. & E. Pp; Pomel vs... 3 C. & E. V. chlorodisea; . J... 5... C. & E. ies MemER Ere | El. Sphaeria anguillida....... C. & E. Patellaria clavata.......... Hill. s. Rubexserta, 95... Jp 2. C. & #. Phacidium spheroideum... 0. & E. Venturia ciliata............ Hil.
(4.)
PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
Ranunculus ficaria, Z. Flushing, Long Island, J. Schrenk. Con- tributed by #. S. Miller. Staten Island, Arthur Hollick. Intro- duced.
Lechea racemnlosa, Mz. Highland Mills, Orange County. July.
Lechea tenuifolia, Mz. Wading River, Long Island. Sept.
Portulaca grandiflora, Hook. New Brighton, Staten Island. Ho/- lick. July. Escaped from cultivation.
Lespedeza reticulata, Pers. Long Island. This and its variety, an- gustifolia, were formerly regarded as varieties of Z. violacea, and were reported as such, but they are now regarded as a distinct species.
Fragaria Indica, Ait, West Brighton, Staten Island. Hollick. June—Sept.
Ribes Grossularia, Z. Princes Bay and New Dorp, Staten Island. NV. L. Britton and A. Hollick. May. Escaped from cultivation.
Diodia teres, Walt. Rossville and Tottenvilie, Staten Island. Brif- ton and Hollick. Aug.
Eclipta procumbens, Mz. Streets of New Brighton. Aollick. July.
Rudbeckia triloba, Z. Fishkill, Dutchess county. Sept.
Tecoma radicans, Juss. Princes Bay. Hollick. June.
‘ Veronica Buxbaumii, Ten. New Dorp. Britton. June. Intro- uced.
[Assem. Doc. No. 12 fo] 3
18 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Mentha rotundifolia, Z. Richmond, Staten Island. Britton. Jamesville, Onondaga county. Aug. and Sept. Introduced.
Salvia sclarea, Z. Jamesville. Aug. Introduced.
Heliotropium Europeum, Z. New York city, along Eighth ave- nue and Harlem railroad. Britton. Oct. Introduced.
Rumex maritimus, 2. Montauk Point. Miller.
Alnus glutinosa, Gert. College Point, Long Island. Schrenk. Contributed by #. 8S. Miller. Introduced.
Epipactis helleborine var. viridans, Jrm. Woods, near Syracuse. Mrs. S. M. Rust. July. This is a very interesting and important addition to our flora. It is at present the only known representative of the genus in the eastern part of the country as Z. gigantea isin the western part. Itis remarkable that it should be limited to a single locality. but that locality had already been rendered famous by its pos- session of two ferns, Botrychium Lunaria and Scolopendrium vulgare, that, so far as our State is concerned, scarcely pass beyond its limits, Mrs. M. P. Church, a member of the Syracuse Botanical Club, has the credit of making this discovery, which has been favorably noticed by Prof. Gray and Prof. Hooker, and has already been published in the botanical journals.
Spiranthes simplex; Gray. Wading river, where it had previously been detected by Mr. Miller. Also Tottenville. Britton. Aug. and Sept. It is not probable that this species occurs much to the north of New York city. .
Glyceria obtusa, Trin. Riverhead, Long Island. Sept.
Tripsacum dactyloides, Z. Long Bridge, Staten Island. Hollick. Aug.
Asplenium Bradleyi, Haton. Near Newburgh. D.C. Haton. Sept. This fern was discovered and the specimens collected, in the locality mentioned, by Prof. Haton, in the year 1864. In September last I visited the locality and searched carefully for the plant, but without success. The top of the rocky hill on which the fern had occurred had recently been cleared and it is possible that its station has already been - destroyed.
Cladonia Boreri, Tuckm. (Cladonia lacwnoso Delise.) Wading River. Sept.
Vaucheria velutina, Ag. Wet springy places. Albany. June. The specimens are not fertile and are, therefore, to some extent, doubt- ful.
Agaricus solitarius, Bull. Thin woods and open places, Wading
tiver. Sept. A form with the bulb and lower part of the stem merely floccose-squamulose, or clothed with white mealy particles,
Agaricus strobiliformis, Vitt. Open bushy places, Catskill mount- ains. Oct.
Agaricus Frostianus, P/. Woods and bushy places, Sandlake and Adirondack mountains.
Agaricus rhagadiosus, /r. Woods. Wading River. Sept.
Agaricus candicans, Pers. Among fallen leaves in woods. Center. Oct.
Agaricus (Clitocybe) compressipes, 7. sp. Pileus thin, convex or expanded, umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanous, brownish when moist, whitish or pale-alutaceous when dry, margin thin; lamelle close,
StaTE Museum OF NATURAL HISTORY. 19
subarcuate or horizontal, adnate or subdecurrent, whitish; stem firm, hollow, generally compressed, slightly pruinose ; spores elliptical, .0002 in. to .00025 in. long, .00016 in. to .00018 in. broad ; flesh white when dry, odor slight, farinaceous. Plant gregarious, 1 in. to 1.5 in. high, pileus 6 lines to 16 lines broad, stem 1 line to 2 lines thick. Grassy places. Albany. July. The moist pileusis sometimes obscurely zonate. The odor is not always perceptible unless the pileus is moist or broken. The stem is sometimes compressed at the top only, some- times at the base only, and rarely it is wholly terete. ‘The species be- longs to the section Orbiformes.
Agaricus (Clitocybe) vilescens, 7. sp. Pileus convex, then plane or depressed, often irregular, glabrous, slightly pruinose on the involute margin, brown or grayish-brown, becoming paler with age, often con- centrically rivulose ; lamelle close, adnate or decurrent, cinereous, sometimes tinged with dingy yellow; stem short, solid, sometimes com- pressed, grayish-brown, with a whitish tomentum at the base; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 in. to .00025 in. long; flesh whitish-gray, odor slight. Plant gregarious, i in. to 2 in. high, pileus lin. to 1.5 in. broad, stem 1 line to 2 linesthick. Grassy pastures. Jamesville. Aug.
Agaricus trullisatus, Z//is. Sandy soil. Long Island. Sept. This resembles the larger forms of A. /accatus, but it has a stouter habit, the pileus is more squamulose, the stem is bulbous or thickened at the base, the mycelium is violet-colored and the spores are oblong.
Agaricus confluens, Pers. Woods. Verona and Jamesville. Aug.
Agaricus iris, Berk. Decaying trunks of trees. Jamesville. Aug. Our specimens have the edge of the lamelle minutely floccose and the base of the stem covered with a blue mycelium. ‘The species seems too near A. marginellus.
Agaricus bombycinus, Scheff. Trunks of maple trees. Buffalo. Clinton. Kasoag and Catskill mountains. July and Aug.
Agaricus (Eutoloma) scabrinellus, 7. sp. Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, papillate, minutely scabrous, dark-brown, the thin mar- gin extending slightly beyond the lamelle ; lamella broad, ventricose, rounded behind and slightly attached, floccose on the edge, dingy- white, then flesh-colored ; stem equal, fibrillose, slightly pruinose at the apex, paler than the pileus; spores irregular, uninucleate, .0003 in. to .0004 in. long, .0002 in. to .0003 in. broad. Plant about 1 in. high, pileus 6 lines to 1@ lines broad, stem 1 line thick. Shaded, gravelly soil by roadsides. Wading River. Sept. The plants are very regular in shape, the pileus usually has a small, papilla-like umbo and is some- what shining. Its roughness is scarcely visible to the naked eye.
Agaricus curvipes, /r. Dead trunks of young trees. Verona. ‘Aug. Our specimens have the lamelle flocose-crenate on the edge.
Cortinarius multiformis, /’7. Woods. ° Jamesville. Aug. The specimens were collected in dry weather and the pileus was not per- ceptibly viscid except in very young plants. The bulbous base of the stem is not always distinctly marginate.
Cortinarius tophaceus, /r. Woods. Jamesville. Aug. The spores in this species are subglobose, rough, uninucleate, .00025 in. to. 0003 in. long, 00025 in. broad. ;
20 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Cortinarius (Inoloma) pulchrifolius, 7. sp. Pileus convex or ex” panded, obtuse, silky-fibrillose, whitish or reddisn-gray, the margin often whitened by the veil; lamelle broad, subdistant, emarginate, bright purple or violet-purple ; stem cylindrical, solid, bulbous, silky- fibrillose, white, often tinged with violet, violaceous within ; spores. subelliptical, rough, .0004 in. to .0005 in. long, about .0003 in. broad. Plant 2 in. to4 in. high, pileus 2 in. to4in. broad, stem 3 lines to 5 lines thick. Oak woods. Wading River. Sept. This species is easily known by its pale pileus and bright-colored lamelle. From the hue of these the plant might, at first sight, be taken for Agaricus ochro- purpureus, but when mature the lamelle assume the characteristic cinnamou color of species of Cortinarius, though it is somewhat darker than usual.
Cortinarius (Inoloma) rubrocinereus, 7. sp. Pileus convex, then expanded, silky-fibrillose, reddish-cinereus;- iamelle subdistant, rounded behind, emarginate, dingy-violaceous, soon becoming pale- cinnamon ; stem short, solid, bulbous, silky-fibrillose, whitish tinged with violet; spores subelliptical, .0004 in. to .0005 in. long, about .0003 n. broad ; veil whitish-cinereus, flesh when young violaceous. Plant gregarious, about 2 in. high, pileus 2in. to3 In. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. Sandy soil in open places. Riverhead. Sept. This species is closely related to the pre-eding, from which it is separated by its darker colered pileus and differently colored lamelle.
Cortinarius uliginosus, Berk. In sphagnous bogs. Center, Sept: The fingers become stained in handling fresh specimens of this plant- Paper in which they are wrapped is also stained by them. ‘The spores are elliptical-eymbiform, .0004 in, long, .00025 in. broad. The pileus is sometimes obtusely, sometimes acutely, umbonate, and sometimes without any umbo. .
Cortinarius croceoconus, #r. Woods. Gansevoort. Aug.
Cortinarius (Dermocybe) sericipes, ». sp. Pileus thin, conical or subcampanulate, sometimes expanded and umbonate, glabrous, chest- nut-culor, the umbo often darker ; lamelle broad, close, ascending or ventricose, narrowed behind, whitish, then tawny or tawny-cinnamon, white on the edge; stem equal, hollow, silky-fibrillose, shining, white, slightly mealy at the top; spores large, unequally elliptical, pointed at each end, granular within. .00065 in. long, .00045 in. broad. Plant gregarious or subcespitose, 1 in. to 3 in. high, pileus 6 lines to 12 lines broad, stem 1hneto 2 lines thick. Damp ground in thin woods. Center. Oct.
Cortinarius (Dermocybe) basalis, 2. sp. Pileus thin, convex or ex- panded, hairy, tawny ; lamellz loose, subventricose, pale tawny when young, cinnamon color when old; stem short, equal, hollow, fibrillose, pallid or pale-tawny, usually with a webby annulus near the base ; spores subelliptical, .0003 in. long, .00018 in. broad ; flesh pallid, odor none. Plant subcespitose, about 1 in. high, pilens5 lines to10 lines broad, stem 1 line thick. Naked soilin wood. Wading River. Sept. The noticeable feature in this species is the slight annulus which is placed below the middle of the stem. The hairy pilens and the lamellz are nearly alike in color.
Russula fragilis, #r. Woods. Center. Oct.
STATE MuseuM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 21
Cantharellus brevipes, 7. sp. (Plate 1. figs. 18-20.) ileus fleshy, obconic, glabrous, alutaceous or dingy cream-color, the thin margin erect, often irregular and lobed, tinged with lilac in the young plant ; folds numerous, nearly straight on the margin, abundantly anastomos- ing below, pale umber tinged with lilac; stem short, tomentose-pubes- cent, cinereus, solid, often tapering downward ; spores yellowish, ob- long-elliptical, uninucleate, .0004 in. to .0005 in. long, .0002 in. broad. Plant 3 in. to 4 in. high, pileus 2 in. to 3 in. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. Woods. Ballston, Saratoga county. July. This interesting species is related to the C. floccosus, both by its short stem and its abundantly anastomosing folds. The two species should be separated from the others and constitute a distinct section. The flesh in C. brevi- pes is soft and whitish and the folds are generally thinner than in C. floccosus.
Panus levis, B. d C. Oak stumps. Wading River. Sept. The margin of the pileus is sometimes marked by small, oblique elevations or ridges which unite inwardly and thus form, with the edge of the pileus, small triangular spaces. Sometimes the two elevated lines which form the sides of a triangle divide near the margin and thus form two very small additional triangles. The pure white color and regular, even pileus make this a very pretty species The color, how. ever, becomes slightly tinged with yellow in drying.
Panus dealbatus, Berk. Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Verona Aug.
Boletus Frostii, Russell. Thin woods. Wading River and River- head. Sept. The spores in our specimens are longer than required by the description, but in other respects the specimens agree with the published characters of the species.
Polyporus (Anodermei) hispidoides, 7. sp. Pileus 4in. to 8 in. broad, about half an inch thick, sessile, rarely narrowed behind or be- low into a short, stem-like base, soft, spongy, fleshy-fibrous, tomentose, not at all or very obscurely zonate, ferruginous-brown, becoming darker with age, yellow on the margin when young; pores small, ir- regular, subrotund, angular or fleuxous, greenish-yellow, becoming brown when bruised or old. the thin dissepiments externally villous ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, about .0002 in. long. Base of spruce or pine trees. Albany, Burnt hills and Adirondack mountains. July and Aug. This fungus is closely related to P. hispidus, and may yet prove to bea mere variety of it. That species is described as compact, and having minute rotund pores. It is also said to grow on the trunks of frondose trees, and to have a thick pileus, none of which characters are applicable to our plant. It occurs only, so far as I have seen, on trunks of spruce and pine, its pileus is rarely more than half an inch thick, its substance is soft, even when dry, and the pores are angular. ‘The thin dissepiments become more or less lacerated when old, and often retain a yellowish’color when dried. The pileus is very similar in color to Lensites sepiaria.
Polyporus benzoinus, Wallr. Decaying stumpsand trunks of hem- lock trees. Brewerton and Helderberg mountains. Sept. This closely resembles P. resinosus which occurs on trunks of frondose trees.
22 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Polyporus chioneus, /r. Decaying wood of frondose trees. Ve- rona. Aug.
Polyporus floccosus, Fr. Decaying wood. Verona. Aug.
Stereum neglectum, m. sp. Pileus effuso-reflexed, thin, coriacvous, often laterally confluent, strigose-hairy, concentrically sulcate, grav- ish or yellowish-gray ; hymenium pallid, becoming purplish, minutely setulose, the seta short, colorless, rough, stout, 002 in. to .003 in. long; spores subelliptical, 0005 in, long, 0003 in. broad. Dead tranks and branches of elm trees. Verona. Aug. This fungus has the general appearance of such species as S. purpureum, S. vorticosum and S. hir- sutum, from all of which it may be distinguished by its peculiar hy- menium which, to the naked eye, has a pruinose appearance by reason of the presence of the minute colorless sete. A genus Peniophora has been proposed for such species, and if accepted our plant will belong to — it. The hymenium is sometimes rendered uneven by the confluence of several individuals.
Cyphella caricina, ». sp. Cups .5 line to .1 line broad, membrana- ceous, sessile,, white, externally minutely webby-hairy ; hymenium smooth, in large specimens uneven; spores lanceolate or subclavate, polarless, 0004 in. to .0005 in. long, about .00016 in. broad. Culms and leaves of carices. Verona. Aug.
Clavaria miniata, Berk. Damp ground. . Burnt hills, Saratoga county. July. ;
Clavaria pyxidata, Pers. Oneida. H. A. Warne. Buffalo. Clinfon. Savannah. Ang.
Hymenula hysterioides, ». sp. Minute, oblong or elliptical, plane or slightly convex, amber color, when dry contracted, hysteriiform, black- ish 3 spores numerous, oblong, hyaline, .0003 in. to .00035 in. long. Wood of red osier, Cornus stolonifera. Center. May. When dry it looks like some minute Hysterium, but when moist it expands and reveals the pallid or amber-colored hymenium.
Simblum rubescens.- Ger. in litt. Astoria, Long Island. Sept. W. k. Gerard. 'This is the only representative of the genus yet found in this country. It differs from all the other species in its pinkish-red color. One specimen was found in which the pileus was supported by two distinct stems arising from one volva.
Physarum mirabile, 2. sp. Sporangium hemispherical or depressed, nearly plane above, pervious, minutely rough or squamulose, yellow or tawny, rupturing irregularly, the basal part adherent to the top of the stem; capillitium composed of slender pale or yellowish filaments and yellow, knot-like thickenings of two kinds, one minute and subglobose, the other elongated, pointed or spine-like, conspicuous and persis stently attached to the inner wall of the sporangium ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, reddish-brown, penetrating quite through the sporangium and forming a hollow, persistent, yellow co- lumella open at the top; spores globose, smooth, blackish-brown, .0003 in. in diameter.
Decaying wood and bark. Verona. Aug. This species is remark- able for the peculiar spine-like thickenings of the capillitium and for the singular elongated hollow columella. In a vertical section of the unruptured sporangium the former may be seen extending from the walls of the sporangium to the columella. The latter is yellow or
State Museum oF NaturAL HIstTory. 23
subochraceous, about as thick as the stem and often a little widened at the top. Being hollow it causes the unruptured sporangium to ap- pear deeply umbilicate or pervious. ‘The filaments of the capillitiam often adhere for a time to the base of the columella as a pale-yellowish floceulent mass. The exterior surface of the sporangium is scaly, but the number and size of the scales vary considerably in different speci- mens. ‘This singular species may hereafter be deemed worthy of ge- neric distinction, but for the present it is thought best to refer it to the genus Physarum.
Cribraria argillacea, Pers. Much decayed wood. Helderberg moun- tains. July.
Phoma herbarum, West. Wead stems of white daisy, Lewcanthe- mum vulgare. Jamesville.
Phoma Phytolaccea, B. ue C. Dead stems of poke weed, Ph ytolacca decandra. Verona. Aug. The perithecia are sometimes covered by the whitened epidermis, sometimes exposed.* ‘Vhey occur on both the exterior and the interior surface of the hollow stems. They are de- pressed, orbicular, elliptical or oblong, and are furnished with an osti- olum which pierces the covering epidermis. Sometimes two or more are confluent in a linear manner. The spores are about .0005 in. long and contain from four to six nuclei.
Phoma lineolatum, Desm. Cones of Norway spruce. Albany. May.
Phoma longipes, B. & C. ; Dead grape vines. North Greenbush. May.
Phoma hysteriellum, P. & C., n. sp. Perithecia immersed, slightly prominent, mostly hysteriiform, covered by the epidermis, black, with a minute papilliform ostiolum ; spores elliptical or subfusiform, color- less, binucleate, .0003 in. long. Dead stems of herbs. -Butfalo. Noy. G. W. Clinton.
Leptothyrium punctiforme, 4. dé CC. Perithecia minute, .0025 in. to .0042 in. broad, subhemispherical, black, shining, opening by a sub- circular or irregular aperture, pale within ; spores subfusiform, curved, cojorless, .0005 in. to .0008 in. long.
Living leaves of daisy fleabane ZHrigeron annuum. Quaker Street. June. The perithecia are so minute that they are but just visible to the naked eye. ‘The fungus attacks the lower or basal leaves, which soon become yellowish in color and wither.
Leptothyrium dryinum, Sace. Living leaves of white oak. Wad- ing River. Sept.
Hendersonia abnormalis, 2. sp. Perithecia numerous, small, sub- conical, surrounding the stem on all sides, seated on smoky-brown spots,
‘aising small pustules i in the bark, at length rupturing the epidermis and opening by a smali round aperture; spores elliptical or oblong, colored, .0006 in. to .0011 in. long, soir .0004 in. broad, three to six- septate, the cells divided by longitudinal cepta.
Dead stems of bitter-swect, Celastrus scandens. Charlton. July. This fungus occurred in company with Spheropsis Celastri, from which it is easily distinguished by the brown discolored spots it occupies. Colored filaments sometimes surround the perithecia. ‘The ostiola are usually whitened.
Hendersonia Coluterw, P. & C2. sp. Perithecia prominent, erump- ent, hemispherical or subconical, firm, cellular, ostiola black, papilli-
24 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
form; spores oblong, obtuse, colored, three to five-septate, sometimes with one or two longitudinal septa, .0008 in. to .001 in. long.
Dead twigs of Colutea arborescens. Buffalo. Clinton.
Sphzropsis brunneola, P. & C. Dead stems of Smilax hispida. Buffalo. Clinton. The specimens do not fully accord with the deserip- tion of the species, but probably belong to it.
Spheropsis phomatella, 7.sp. Perithecia numerous, minute, seated on indefinite whitish or pallid spots, covered by the epidermis which is at length ruptured, black; spores oblong, at first hyaline, then colored, “0008 in. to .0012 in. ‘long ; ; sporophores short.
Dead shoots of ash, Fraxinus Americana. West Troy. May. The perithecia are very small and at first sight suggest the idea of a Phoma.
Spheropsis abundans. 7. sp. Perithecia numerous, erumpent, closely surrounded by the ruptured epidermis, black; spores very unequal, elliptical or oblong, at first hyaline and pedicellate, then colored, ob- tuse, .00065 in. to .0009 in. long, about .0005 in. broad. Dead twigs and branches of rock chestnut oak. Albany and North Greenbush. May. The twigs are roughened by the numerous perithecia and they sometimes have a darker appearance where they are affected by the Spheropsis. The epidermis is ruptured very irregularly. Spheropsts dryina differs in its smaller colorless spores, and S. hnearis,in its linear arrangement. This last species occurs also on young dead shoots of hickory, Carya alba.
Spheeropsis cerasina, 2. sp. Perithecia numerous, small, seated on the inner bark, covered by the slightly elevated epidermis which is at length pierced or slightly ruptured, black, often cinereous above; spores at first hyaline, then colored, ellipticalobovate or oblong, .0008 in. to .001 in. long ; ‘sporophores short. Dead branches of choke cherry, Prunus Virginiana. West Albany. May.
Sphzeropsis seriatus, 2.sp. Perithecia hard, crowded or subcespitose, arranged in long lines in the chinks of the rough bark, black ; spores at first pale, then colored, ellipticalo bovate or oblong, 0008 in. to .001 in. long. Dead bark of sassafras, Sassafras officinale. Center. May. The hard sclerotoid perithecia and the linear arrangement of A clusters make this a very distinct species.
Spheropsis celastrina, 2. sp. Perithecia numerous, small, seated on the inner bark, covered by the epidermis which is slightly elevated and at length pierced or slightly ruptured ; spores oblong or oblong-ovate, colored, .0008 in. to.00Lin. long. Dead stems of hitter-sweet, Celastrus scandens. Charlton. July. This is quite unlike S. propullans i in which the perithecia are much larger and cxspitose. The epidermis is usually whitish or cinereous over each perithecium and it ruptures slightly, forming a small aperture.
Spheropsis . milacina, 2. sp. Spots orbicular, 2 lines to 3 lines broad, arid, whitish with a dark border; perithecia epiphyllous, subhemis- pherical or depressed, black, often disposed in a circle near the margin of the spot ; spores oblong or subfusiform, colorless, .0008 in. to .0012 in. long, about .0003 in. broad. Living leaves of greenbrier. Smilax rotundifolia. Wading River. Sept.
Septoria pastinacina, ». sp. Spots extended, indefinite, brown; perithecia minute, .005 in. to .006 in. broad, numerous, surrounding the stem on all sides, covered by the epidermis which is pierced by the
StatE Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY. 25
ostiolum, black; spores filiform, curved or flexuous, .0008 in. to .0012 in. long. Dead stems of parsnip, Pastinaca sativa. Albany. May It is related to such species as S. Brunandiana, S. nebula, etc.
Septoria hedeomina, ». sp. Spots none; perithecia scattered, minute, .003 in. to.004 in. broad, inconspicuous, black ; spores filiform, strongly curved, hyaline, .0012 in. to .0015 in. long. Dead stems and calyces of pennyroyal, Hedeoma pulegioides. Sandlake. May.
Septoria Gei, &. dd D. Living leaves of GewmVirginianum. Guil- derland. July.
Septoria Ostryx, 2. sp. Spots small, suborbicular, reddish-brown ; perithecia few, generally clustered in the center of the spot, brown or blackish-brown ; spores linear, strongly curved, obscurely three or four-septate, colorless, .0016 in. to .0024 in. long. Living leaves of hop hornbeam, Ostrya Virginica. Uelderberg mountains. July.
Septoria lythrina, x. sp. Spots suborbicular or irregular, grayish- brown, often surrounded by a narrow blackish border; perithecia minute, epiphyllous, rarely amphigenous, blackish; spores filiform, slightly curved, .0008 in. to .0016 in. long. Living leaves of spiked loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria. Newburgh. July.
Septoria increscens, ». sp. Spots at first small, then larger, brown with an arid center ; perithecia minute, black ; spores filiform, curved or flexuous, .0012 in. to .0016 in. long. Living leaves of star flower. Trientalis Americana. Charlton. July. After the leaves are attacked by this fungus they turn yellow in patches and then brown. These discolored places increase in size till the whole leaf is dead.
Septoria atropurpurea, 7. sp. Spots suborbicular, sometimes con- fluent, purplish-brown above, often centrally mottled by small whitish arid spots, paler below, purplish, with a brown or an_ ochraceous- brown center ; perithecia few, tendrils white ; spores filiform, straight or flexuous, .002 in. to .003 in. long. Living leaves of the large-leaved aster, Aster macrophyllus. Jamesyilie. Aug. The perithecia occur both on the arid central dots and on the colored parts of the spots. The peculiar character of the spots and the very long spores make this a very distinct species.
Septoria Aceris, B. @ Br. Living leaves of sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. Sandlake. Aug. In our specimens the spots are very small, almost dot-like, arid, with a reddish-brown border and one to four perithecia. The spores are three-septate and strongly curved, but this difference is probably only varietal.
Septoria Ludwigiz, Cke. Living leaves of water purslane, Lwd- wigia palustris. Charlton. July. In our specimens the spots have a purplish border and the spores are without nucleoli. Dr. Curtis long, ago distributed specimens of this species under the name Septoria Ludwigie B. & C., but so far as I know the characters of the species were never published.
Septoria Mori, Zev. Living leaves of white mulberry, Morus alba. Charlton. July.
Septoria Urticw, Desm. Living leaves of wood nettle, Laportea Canadensis. Charlton. July.
Septoria Cornicola, Desm. Living leaves of red osier and alternate- leaved dogwood, Cornus stolonifera and C. alternifolia. Jamesyille and Center. Aug. and Oct.
[Assem. Doc. No. 127.] os
26 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Cytispora minuta, Thwm. Dead branches of ash, Fraxinus Ameri- cana. West Troy. May.
Gleosporium Trifolii, x. sp. Spots suborbicular often concentric- ally zoned, brown ; spores oblong or cylindrical, obtuse, simple, color- less, .0006 in. to .0009 in. long, .00016 in. to .00025 in. broad Living leaves of red clover, Trifoliwm pratense. Albany. July.
Gleosporium salicinum, 2. sp. Spots large, irregular, indefinite, arid, pale; spores elongated, subfusiform, curved or flexuous, ob- scurely triseptate, each cell usually containing two nuclei, colorless, -0016 in. to .002 in. long. Living leaves. of willow, Salix sericea. Sandlake. Aug. Usually one end of the spore is more acute than the other.
Gleosporium Hepatice, 7. sy. Spots large, irregular, often discolor- ing the whole leaf, blackish-brown; pustules minute, scattered, epiphyllous, the thick tendrils pinkish when dry; spores oblong or cylindrical, colorless, obtuse at each end, straight or slightly curved, -0006 in. to .001 in. long, .00025 in. to .0V03 in. broad, usually with two tofour nuclei. Living leaves of liverwort, Hepatica acutiloba. Hel- derberg mountains. July. This species appears to be very destruct- ive to the leaves it attacks. The discoloration apparently spreads rapidly and finally involves the whole leaf.
Gloeosporium Laporte, . sp. Spots orbicular, yellowish-green with a dark-margined arid center; spores simple, globose or elliptical, color- less, .00016 in. to .00025 in. long, uninucleate or binucleate, forming a pallid globule on the upper surface of the spot. Living leaves of wood nettle, Laportea Canadensis. Charlton. July.
Coryneum pustulatum, 2. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 1-3.) Pustuliform, seated on the inner bark, covered by the elevated epidermis which is at length pierced or slightly ruptured ; spores long, subclavate or sub- fusiform, colored, five to seven septate, often strongly curved, .0026 in. to .003 in. long, about .0005 in. broad; sporophores short. Dead branches of oak or chestnut. Sandlake. May. The spores some- times ooze out and stain the matrix black. This and its pustulate form give the fungus the appearance of a S¢i/bospora, though the struc- ture indicates that it is a Corynewm.
Pestalozzia Guepini Desm. Living leaves of Camellia in conserva- tories. Buffalo. Clinton. .
Asterosporium betulinum, 7. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 4-5.) Pustulate, erumpent, with a black orbicular disk, the stroma filamentous ; spores three or four-radiate, slightly colored, the rays oblong-ovate or elon- lgate-conical, subacuminate, three to five-septate, .0008 in. to .0015 in. ong, .00035 in. to .00048 in. broad in the widest parts, slightly narrowed at the base, the cells often uninucleate, the terminal one paler. Dead branches of birch, Betula lutea. Quaker Street. June. Externally this closely resembles A. Hoffmanni, but in European specimens of that species the rays are triangular-ovate and widest at the base where they are .00065 in. broad. In our plant they are paler, narrower, more elongated and abruptly narrowed at the base. I have been un- able to detect a perithecium else I should refer our plant to Prosthe- mium betulinum Kze.
Melanconium cerasinum, # sy. Stroma distinct, thin, white; spores very unequal, globose, ovate, elliptical or oblong, .00065 in. to .001
State Musgum oF NATURAL History. 27
in. long, generally containing a single large nucleus. Dead bark of choke cherry, Prunus Virginiana, Center. June. This species is closely related to M, intermedium, from which it is distinguished by its paler, smaller spores and especially by its distinct white stroma. In. M. intermedium the stroma is obsolete or merely cortical. It also approaches J/. effusum Cd.
Torula uniformis, 7. sy. (Plate 1, figs. 11-13.) Flocci cespitose, erect, parallel or slightly diverging, nearly straight and uniform in di- ameter, .0012 in. to .003 in. long, black or blackish-brown, the articu- lations subquadrate, uninucleate, not easily separating, about .00016 in. broad and long. Dead bark of maple. Quaker Street. June. The flocci are slightly united at their bases, and when pressed under the cover of the microscope slide they separate into groups of two to six or more, and look then very much like a species of Speira or Syn- phragmidium. ‘The species differs from TZ. splendens in its more slender flocci, which also are not narrowed above.
Synphragmidium effusum, 7. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 6-10.) Effused, forming a dense velvety black stratum ; strings of spores moniliform, colored, sometimes paler at the tips, united at their bases into groups of three or more, either with or without a short common pedicel, at first laterally adherent throughout their length, .0016 in. to .003 in. long, .0002 in. to .0003 in. broad, the groups .0005 in, to .0011 in. broad, the cells about as long as broad. Decaying maple wood. Verona. Aug.
I have not been able to detect any membrane investing the groups of spore threads, but its absence may be due to the age of the speci- mens. In every other respect the characters of the genus are present. The species is readily distinguished from S. AKuwmmeri by its effused character. The preceding species, Torula uniformis, strongly re- sembles this in its spore threads, which are united at the base, but I find no common pedicel to the groups. It forms a beautiful connect- ing link between Jorula and Synphragmidium.
Gymnosporium variabile, 2. sp. Flocci sparse, branched, paler than the spores; spores abundant, variable, globose, elliptical, oblong or fusiform, purplish-brown, .0005 in. to .0012 in. long, .0005 in. to .00055 in. broad, forming effused pulverulent patches. Under sur- face of decaying wood lying on the ground. Albany. May. The species is related to G. fudvum from which it differs in its darker, purplish-brown color and in its smoother and more variable spores.
Puccinia Ellisiana Thum. Living and languishing leaves of An- dropogon scoparius and A. furcatus. Buffalo. Clinton. Center. Sept. and Oct. This is apparently Puecinia Andropogi Schw., but that name is badly formed, nor can it be corrected without interfering with Puccinia Andropogonis Fckl. I have therefore adopted the later name.
Protomyces fuscus, x. sp. Spots irregular, determinate, blackish- brown or grayish-brown, often marginal; spores immersed in the -tissues of the leaf, globose, colored, .0016 in. to .0024 in. in diameter, with a thick epispore. Living leaves of liverwort, Hepatica acutiloba Helderberg mountains. July. This species differs from P. macros- porus in the darker color of the spores and in its darker definite spots.
28 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
A species of Vermicularia often occurs on the spots formed by the Protomyces.
Melampsora Hartigii, Thum. Living leaves of willows, Saliz cordata and S. nigra. Albany and Helderberg mountains. July to Oct.
AKcidium cimicifugatum Schw. Living leaves of black snakeroot, Cimicifuga racemosa, Buffalo. Clinton. July. -
Reestelia Ellisii Pk&. Living leaves of shad bush, Amelanchier Canadensis. Riverhead. Sept.
Cronartium asclepiadeum /7r. Living leaves of sweet fern, Comptonia asplenifolia. Long Island. Sept.
Stilbum pruinosipes, 7. sp. Stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, scarcely one line high, blackish, pruinose; head small, sub- globose, chestnut colored or blackish ; spores very minute, elliptical. Dead stems of raspberry, Rubus strigosus. Center. Oct.
Stilbum erythrocephalum Ditiém. Cow-dung. Buffalo. Clinton.
Periconia parasitica, 2. sp. Stem slender,smooth, equal, subpellucid, white; head subglobose or lenticular, white ; spores obovate elliptical or oblong, .0003 in. to .0005 in. long, about .0002 in. broad. Dead branches of water beech, Carpinus Americana, and parasitic on Cheirospora botryospora. Charlton. July.
This resembles Stilbwm cundidum,. but the spores are not diffluent and the heads are more depressed and whiter. re
Tubercularia Celastri Schw. Dead stems of bitter sweet, Celastrus scandens. Charlton. July.
Helminthosporium Pruni B&. & C. Dead branches of choke cherry, Prunus Virginiana. Center. June. The spores in this species are very variable both in length and in the number of septa.
Macrosporium Meliloti, x. sy. Spots irregular, terminal or marginal, blackish-brown; flocci short, colored, septate, generally flexuous; spores subelliptical, or clavate, generally tapering below into a short pedicel, three to five-septate with a few longitudinal septa, colored, .001 in. to .002 in. long. Living leaves of melilot. Newburgh. July. .
Alternaria Chartarum Preuss. Damp paper. Albany. Nov.
Helicosporium cinereum, 7. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 4-6.) Patches effused, thin, cinereous; floeci slender, sparingly branched, septate, blackish- brown, the articulations longer than broad; spores nearly colorless, grayish or cinereous in the mass, coiled in three or four volutions, diameter of the coil .0008 in. to .001 in. Decaying wood. North Greenbush. June. Thespecies is easily distinguished from ZH, olivaceum by its cinereous color and from H. obscurum by the more numerous yolutions of the spores.
Polyactis Streptothrix, C. @ #. Living or languishing leaves of cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides. Jamesville. Aug. The spores in our specimens, as well as in authentic specimens received from Mr. Ellis, are .011 to.012 mm. in diameter, not .018 mm. as required by the description.
Pyricularia grisea, Sace (Trichotheciwm griseum, Cke). Living leaves of crab grass, Panicum sanguinale. Sandlake. Aug. I do not find any published description of this fungus, but specimens have been dis- tributed under the latter name by Mr. Ellis.
Peronospora obducens, Schret, Cotyledonous leaves of touch-me- not. Sandlake, May.
State Museum or NATURAL HIsToRY. 29
Oidium irregulare, P/. Living leaves of bladder nut, Staphylea tri- folia. Monroe, Orange county. July.
Cercospora Nympheacea, C. & #. Living leaves of water lily, Nym- phea odorata. Riverhead. Sept.
Cercospora zebrina, Pass. Living leaves of yellow clover, Trifolium agrarium. Sandlake. Aug.
Cercospora althzina, Sacc. Living leaves of hollyhock, Althaa rosea. Sandlake. Aug.
Cercospora Smilacis, Ziwm. (Plate 2, figs. 1-3.) Spots numerous, small, orbicular, reddish-brown, surrounded by a darker margin on the upper surface of the leaf; flocci hypophyllous, tufted, slender, septate, nodulose above, colored; spores narrowly clavate, .0012 in. to .0024 in. long, colorless, with two to four septa. Living leaves of Smilax glauca. Wading River. Sept, This fungus was very abundant in the locality mentioned. The number of flocci in a tuft is usually small, generally four to eight, and the spores are so strongly narrowed toward one end that they are obclavate in form.
Cercospora elongata, n. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 21-23.) Spots irregu- lar, angular, limited by the veinlets, often confluent, sometimes arid, brown grayish-brown orcinereous ; flocci amphigenous, tufted, colored, subflexuous, sometimes nodulose; spores elongated, obscurely three to many-septate, gradually narrowed toward one end, colorless, .002 in to .006 in. long, .00015 in. to .0002 in. broad, generally longer than the flocci. Living leaves of wild teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris. Jamesville. Ang.
Cercospora squalidula, 7. sp. Spots angular or subrotund, unequal, brown or grayish-brown with a dark border; flocci amphigenous, tufted, slightly nodulose above, colored; spores cylindrical or subcla- vate, unequal in length, .0012 in. to .0045 in. long, nearly colorless, simple or with one to three obscure septa. Living leaves of virgin’s bower, Clematis Virginiana. Jamesville. Aug. The spots are some- times of a uniform dark-brown color, sometimes grayish with a darker border. The species is distinct from C’ olivascens which is said to grow on leaves of clematis.
Cercospora Sanguinarix, ». sp. Spots large, indeterminate, smoky- brown, sometimes obscurely mottled or subreticulate with darker lines on the upper surface ; flocci hypophyllous, few, scattered or subexspi- tose, rather long, colored, often nodulose above ; spores subcylindrical, obtuse, four to eight-septate, colorless, .0015 in. to .0025 in. long. Living or languishing leaves of blood root, Sanguinaria Canadensis. Jamesville. Aug. Mycelioid filaments appear to permeate the tissues of the leaf and send up, here and there, spore-bearing flocci which are generally nodulose at or near the tips. Owing to the scattered mode of growth of the flocci the fungus is scarcely visible, but the large smoky- brown spots are very conspicuous.
_Cercospora Eupatorii, n. sp. Spots at first small and pale-green, then larger, suborbicular, determinate, reddish-gray or reddish-brown, with an elevated margin and darker border; flocci tufted, short, sim- ple, colored ; spores elongated, slender, generally slightly thickened toward one end, obtuse, colorless, triseptate, .002 in. to .003 in. long. Living leaves of Hupatorium album. Long Island. Miller.
Cereospora griseélla, m. sy. Spots suborbicular, indeterminate, yel-
30 THIRTY-THIRED ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
lowish ; flocci short, minutely tufted, septate; spores slightly thick- ened toward one end or subfusiform, colorless, triseptate, .0016 in. to .002 in. long. Living leaves of fleabane, ZHrigeron annuum. Charlton. July. The tufts are so numerous and so minute as to give the spots on the under surface of the leaf the appearance of being suf- fused by a minute pruinosity.
Cercospora Caulophylli,z. sp. Spots irregular or suborbicular, dark- brown or grayish with a dark-brown margin; flocci hypophyllous, tufted, flexuous, nodulose above, colored, rarely branched; spores oblong or cylindrical, with one to three septa, colorless, .0008 in. to .0012 in. long, .00025 in. to .0003 in. broad. Living or languishing leaves of cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides. Helderberg mountains. July.
Ramularia Armoraciz Fck/. Living leaves of horse radish, Nasturtium Armoracia, Charlton. July,
Ramularia Celastri, 2. sp. Spots small, suborbicular, scattered, brown or blackish-brown, generally with a pure-white center on the upper surface; flocci hypophyllous, slender, septate, tufted; spores cylindrical, nearly straight, colorless, .0006 in. to .001 in. long, about .00015 in. broad, Living leaves of bitter sweet, Celastrus scandens. Highland Mills, July.
Ramularia Mitelle, 2. sp. Spots suborbicular, brown; flocci hy- pophyllous, minutely tufted, short, nearly straight,slightly colored; spores straight, oblong or cylindrical, colorless, unequal in length, .0003 in. to .0008 in. long, .00012 in. broad. Living leaves of mitrewort, Mitella diphylla. Newburgh and Jamesville. Aug. and Sept.
Ramularia Dulcamare, ”. sp. Spots indeterminate, yellowish-green; flocci hypophyllous, branched, forming with the spores a soft felty stratum of aviolet-gray color; spores oblong or subcylindrical, simple or containing several nucleoli, colorless, .0008 in. to .0018 in. long, .0002 in. to .00025 in. broad. Living leaves of nightshade, Solanum Dulcamara. Verona. Aug. The spots are very unequal in size and often confluent. When the leaf fades the spots retain for a longer time their greenish hue. ‘The species in some respects approaches the genus Peronospora.
Microstroma leucosporum WMiessi. (Plate 1, figs. 14-17.) Living leaves of butternut, Juglans cinerea. Charlton. July. It is with some hesitation that I refer our plant to this species. According to the figure of the European fungus, which occurs on leaves of Juglans regia, the spores are more than twice as long as broad and binucleate, while in our fungus they are scarcely twice as long as broad and uninucleate. Perhaps farther investigation will require its separation as a distinct species. It occurs on leaves of young trees.
Fusisporium Solani, Mart. Potatoes. Albany. March. In Eng- land, this fungus is regarded as a great pest. Mr. W. G. Smith writes of it and the potato-rot fungus as follows: ‘‘For more than thirty years our potato crops have been systematically destroyed by two viru- lent fungi, viz., Peronospora infestans and Fusisporium Solani, these two parasites almost invariably work in company with each other, they suddenly appear for a few weeks, destroy our crops, and vanish for ten or twelve months, then reappear and repeat the work of destruction. * * * As I have kept the resting-spores of both parasites alive artificially in decayed potato leaves in water, in moist
State MusEum oF NatTurRAL HiIsrory. 31
air and in expressed diluted juice of horse-dung, it conclusively proves to me that the resting-spores hibernate naturally in the same manner.”
Helvella palustris, m. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 16-18.) ileus irregular, at first blackish and slightly adnate, then grayish-brown or mouse- colored and free, rugose beneath ; stem equal, slender, sulcate-costate, colored like the pileus, the costz thin, subacute ; asci cylindrical ; spores broadly elliptical, .00065 in. to .0008 in. long, .0005 in, broad containing a single large nucleus; paraphyses thickened above, brown. Plant 1 in. to 2 in. high, pileus 6 lines to 12 lines broad, stem about 2 lines thick. Among mosses and liverworts in swamps. Manlius. Aug. This species is related to H. sulcata, from which it differs in its more slender and darker-colored stem, its less firm and more free pileus and its darker-colored paraphyses. In the dried speci- mens the upper surface of the pileus has assumed a blackish color, but the lower surface has retained very nearly its normal hue. The dark- colored slender stem readily separates this species from all others with costate or lacunose-costate stems.
Peziza (Cupulares) subvernalis, x. sp. Cups fleshy, 3 lines to 6 lines broad, sessile or with a short thick stem-like base which is sometimes whitened with mycelium, chestnut-colored when moist, darker when dry, externally slightly furfuraceous, the hymenium plane or slightly concaye, subpruinose; asci cylindrical ; spores smooth, elliptical, .0008 in. to .0009 in. long, .0005 in. broad ; paraphyses numerous, slightly thickened above, colored. Decaying wood and bark of ash trees, Mrazinus sambucifolia. Sandlake. May. ‘The color isa little paler than in P. dadia. The thick fleshy base gradually expands into the broad, shallow or nearly plane cup, which is narrowly margined. The plants shrivel much in drying.
Peziza (Dasyscyphie) luteodisca, 7. sp. Cups minute, .014 in. to 028 in. broad, expanded, plane or slightly concave, margined, ex- ternally mealy-pubescent, white, the hymenium yellow, inclining to orange when dry; stem short or obsolete ; asci subcylindrical ; spores crowded or biseriate, fusiform, .0004 in. to .0005 in. long. Dead stems of rushes, Scirpus validus. Manlius. Aug. The stems are so short that at first sight the cups appear to be sessile.
Peziza (Mollisia) floriformis, 7. sp. Cups small, one-half to one line broad, thin, smooth, at first subeyathiform and regular, then flori- form with the margin wavy inflexed, dull cream-colored ; asci short, cylindrical, .00065 in. to .0008 .in long; spores spermatoid. Decay- ing wood of maple. Verona. Aug. The margin of the larger cups is strongly inflexed in three or four places, giving the plants a resem- blance to a small three or four-petalous flower.
Peziza multipuncta, P/.. Dead culms of carices. Albany. May.
Pezizaregalis, C. @ EF. Dead branches, North Greenbush. Nov. ’
Peziza mycogena, Hilis. On 30me effete fungus. Griffins. Sept..
Peziza sanguinea, Pers. Decaying wood. Buffalo. Clinton. Sand- lake. ‘This species is referred by some mycologists to the genus Puf- ellaria.
Helotium vitigenum, De Not. Dead grape vines. Albany and North Greenbush. July and Oct,
Helotium pallescens, /’r. Chips and decaying wood. North Green- bush. Oct.
32 'THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Helotium (Pelastea) affinissimum, x. sp. Cups subcespitose, stipi- tate, plane or convex, 1 line to 2 lines broad, yellow, the external sur- face and margin slightly pruinose; stem subcylindrical, yellowish, 2 lines to 4 lines long; asci cylindrical ; spores oblong, obtuse, .0008 in. to .0004 in. long. Decaying sticks buried in the ground. Albany. June. This species resembles H. lutescens very closely, but it is more cespi- tose in its mode of growth, becomes more discolored in drying and has smaller spores.
Patellaria Hamamelidis, 7. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 7-10.) Small, .014 in to .02 in. broad, sessile, black or externally slightly tinged with reddish-brown, the disk nearly plane, margin at length obliterated; asci oblong-clavate, spores crowded or biseriate, oblong-fusiform, some- times slightly curved, at first colorless, then slightly colored, trisep- tate, .00065 in. to .0008 in. long, .00025 in. to .0003 in broad. Dead bark of witch hazel, Hamamelis Virginica. North Greenbush. May.
Cenangium Viburni, Schw. Dead stems and branches of hobble bash. Viburnum Lantanoides. Buffalo. Clinton. Catskill moun- tains. July.
Caliciopsis, Pk. Receptacle oblong urceolate or subeylindrical, at first closed, then open and pulverulent at the apex, stipitate. This genus is instituted to receive a small Calicium-like fungus that does not well accord with the characters of any genus known to me. It partakes to some extent of the characters of some of the small stipi- tate species of Cenangium, but its more slender habit and urceolate or subeylindrical receptacle which soon becomes pulverulent above sepa- rate it from that genus. These same characters and its less tough substance forbid its reference to the genus Tympanis. The name is formed from Caliciwm and opsis.
Caliciopsis pinea, Pk, (Plate 2, figs. 11-15.) Scattered or sub- cxespitose, about 1 line high, glabrous, shining, black; stem slender, straight or curved, slightly thickened at the base, often growing from a cluster of black spheriform perithecia which contain spermatoid spores; receptacle narrowly urceolate, generally a little curved or in- clined to one side, slightly exceeding the stem in diameter, the apex soon brownish pulverulent; asci ovate-lanceolate; long pedicel- late, spores simple, elliptical, colored, .0002 in. to .00025 in. long.
Bark of pine trees, Pinus Strobus. Guilderland and Charlton. The peculiar form of the receptacle is suggestive of the dry capsules of many mosses, particularly of species of Hypnum. The spheriform bodies and their spermatoid-contents are probably only another condition of this fungus. The young stems are at first pointed, but as they increase in length they become more obtuse and finally the receptacle is developed at the top. Although this plant strongly resembles species of, Calicium externally, it is wholly destitute of any thalline crust and gonidial cells and must be deemed a fungus.
Tuber dryophilum, 7u/. Staten Island. Gerard.
Hysterium gramineum, J/. @ N. Dead leaves of sand reed, Calama- grostis arenaria. Wading River. Sept. Thisis the Wystertwm Ro- bergit Desm. of Dr. Curtis’ specimens. //. culmigenum var. grami- neum Fr. and Lophodermium arundinaceum var. gramineum, Duby.
Taphrina alnitorqua, 7ul. Fertile aments of alders. Newburgh. July.
State Musreum or NaruraL Hisrory, 33>
Nectria dematiosa, Schw. Dead branches of mulberry. Morus aba. Charlton. July.
Xylaria bulbosa, B. @ Br. Ground under tamarack and arbor- vite trees. Manlius. Aug.
Hypoxylon Blakei, B. & C. Dead trunks of willows, Buffalo. Clin- ton. Center. June. This scarcely differs from H. Morsei except in its spores which are a little smaller than in that species.
Eutypa subtecta, #r. Dead trunks and branches of poplar, Popu- lus tremuloides. Center. Sept.
Diatrype quadrata, Schw, Bark of oak, beech, etc. Buffalo. Clin- ton, Sandlake and North Greenbush. This is Diatrype obesa B, & C. in Ravenel’s Exsicc, Fung. Fase. [V, No. 47. It bursts forth from the bark of various deciduous trees and assumes a great variety of aspects, being crowded, scattered or seriately arranged and forming either large or small pustules. Schweinitz’s description of it is so defective that it is not surprising that several synonyms have been made, |
Diatrype strumella, #r. Dead stems of flowering currant, Ribes florida. Albany. May.
Diatrype nigrospora, x. sp. Stroma small, thin, orbicular, pustulate, blackish or black, elevating the epidermis and stellately or transversely rupturing it; perithecia few, generally 6-12, sunk to the wood and covered above by the stroma; ostiola slightly prominent, piercing the subeinereous or blackish disk; asci subcylindrical, 8-spored; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong elliptical, obtuse; generally slightly curved, at first pale, then colored, uniseptate, .00065 in. long, .00032 in. broad, each cell containing a large nucleus. Dead branches of birch, Betula lutea. Quaker Street. June. This is related to such species as D. moroides, D. cincta and D. ethiops.
Melogramma gyrosum Schw Dead bark. Silver Creek, Chautau- qua county. Clinton.
Valsa Carpini, Pers. Dead bark of water beech, Carpinus Americana. North Greenbush. May.
Valsa aurea Fekl. Dead branches of water beech. North Greenbush. May. ‘This species is well marked by the small reddish or yellowish disk and the simple ovate-elliptical spores which are about .0008 in. long and .00035 in. broad.
Valsa paucispora, 7. sp. Pustules covered by the slightly elevated epidermis which is at length ruptured; perithecia, 2-5, serted on the inner bark; ostiola short, black, piercing the minute pallid disk, even or rarely slightly radiate-sulcate; asci short, .0025 in. to .0028 in. long, subcylindrical, tetrasporous; spores simple, uniseriate, nearly colorless, ovate-elliptical, .0006 in. long to .0008 in. long, .0004 in. to .00045 in.*broad. Dead alder twigs. North Greenbush. May. This is closely related to the preceding species from which it may be separated by its paler disk, shorter four-spored asci and uniseriate spores.
Valsa compta, Tul. Dead branches of beech, Fagus ferruginea Quaker Street. June. In our specimens the spores are ovate or oblong-elliptical, colorless, .0007 in. to .0009 in. in length.
Valsa prunicola, 7. sp. Pustules scattered, slightly prominent, piercing the epidermis or rupturing it transversely ; perithecia 10-12,
{[Assem. Doc. No. 127. ] 5
34 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
sunk to the wood or nestling in the inner bark; ostiola entire, crowded, slightly exserted; asci fusiform or subcylindrical; spores crowded, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, quadrinucleate, colorless, .0005 in. to .0006 in. long, .00016 in. broad. Dead branches of wild bird cherry, Prunus Pennsylvanicu. Sandlake. May.
Valsa tessera, #7. Dead stems of hazel nut, Corylus Americana. Center. May.
Valsa Abietis, #r. Bark of hemlock and spruce trees. West Troy, Sandlake and North Greenbush. May and Oct. In some instan- ces the asci are wanting, the perithecia being filled with a multitude of the minute spores.
Valsa acrocystis, 2. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 19-22.) Pustules small, covered by the epidermis, which is slightly elevated and ruptured in a narrow transverse chink; perithecia generally 4 to 12, circinating, seated on the inner bark, covered by a grayish-brown tomentum, ostiola short, blunt, black, seriately placed ; asci oblong ; spores large, crowded or biseriate, oblong, colored, uniseptate, .0016 in. to .0025 in. long, .0005 in. to .0008 in. broad, with a small hyaline hemi- spherical or subglobose appendage at each end. Dead branches of birch, Betula lenta. North Greenbush. May. The linear arrange- ment of the ostiola and the peculiar character of the appendages of the spores are marked features in this species. The tomentum of the pustules and the large colored appendiculate spores indicate a relation-- ship between this species and Vaisa hapalocystis, and yet our plant belongs to the Section Euvalsa. The specific name has reference to the appendages of the spores.
Spheeria capillifera, Curr. Decaying wood. Portage. July. Clin- ton.
Cucurbitaria longitudinalis, n. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 28-26.) Peri- thecia .02 in. to .03 in. broad, subglobose, arranged in short lines in longitudinal chinks in the bark, black, pierced at the apex; asci cylindrical ; spores uniseriate, four or five-septate, often with one or two longitudinal septa, colored, .0011 in. to .0013 in. long, .0004 in. to -0005 in. broad. Dead stems of the privet Andromeda, Andromeda ligustrina. Center. May.
Spherella recutita, /r. Dead leaves of carices, Carex varia. West Troy. May.
Spherella depressa, 7.sp. Perithecia numerous, minute, depressed or even concave when dry, black; asci oblong-clavate ; spores simple, oblong-elliptical or subfusiform, colorless, .0005 in. to .0006 in, long. Dead stems of Mulgedium. Center. May. The perithecia are so much depressed that they resemble a minute Peziza in form. ‘They are slightly papillate. ‘
Spherella conigena, ». sp. Perithecia minute, erumpent, black ; asci broad, obovate or subclavate, somewhat pointed at the apex ; spores oblong or subcylindrical, when mature uniseptate, .001 in. to 0016 in. long. Old cones of arbor-vite. Helderberg mountains July.
State Museum or NATURAL. History. 35
(5.)
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
Viola Selkirkii, Pursh. Plentiful in a pine grove near West Al- bany. The large pale blunt spur is a conspicuous feature in the flowers of this species.
Hypericum mutilum, Z. A tall form, 12 to 15 in. high, with straight branches, occurs near Riverhead. Its cyme is leafy, and thus connects the variety gymnanthum with the typical form.
Linum striatum, Walt. Wet banks near Newburgh. July.
Hieracium yenosum var. subcaulescens, Gr. A form of this plant with the veins of the leayes uncolored was found near Wading River. It was in full flower in September.
Lycopus Europeus var. sessilifolius, Gr. Near Riverhead.
Convolvulus arvensis, 2. Fields near Newburgh.
Polygonum Hartwrightii, Gr. Flowering specimens were found on the shore of the ‘‘ Green Lake” west of Jamesville. In all the specimens seen the peduncle was axillary, not terminalas in P. am- phibium.
Quercus Phellos, Z. ‘Tottenville. Britton.
Potamogeton amplifolius, Zuckm. Thompson’s Lake, Helderberg mountains, and near Warwick, Orange county.
Potamogeton gramineus var. heterophyllus, /r. Thompson’s Lake, also “Green Lake” near Jamesville. In low muddy places east of the latter lake it forms a dense carpet over the surface of the ground.
Potamogeton, Robbinsii, Oakes. Ballston Lake. July. Though the plants were abundant and the flowering spikes numerous, the stems being sometimes excessively branched above, no good fruit could be found. ‘The plants grow at the head of the lake in company with Potamogeton™ lonchites, P. perfoliatus, P. compressus, P. hybridus, P. Claytonii, P. pectinatus and Lidens Beekii.
Triglochin palustre, Z. Abundant in marshy ground near Manlius Center. :
Hemerocallis fulva, Z. Banks of streams in fields. Guilderland, Escaped from gardens, but thriving without cultivation.
Juncus maritimus Lam. This rush was found some years ago on Coney Island. Specimens were collected there again the past season by Mr, N. L. Britton, thus showing that it is still maintaining its foot- hold amid the march of improvement on that island.
Carex tentaculata var. altior, Boott. (C. Purshit Olney.) Charlton and North Greenbush.
Carex intumescens, Rudge. Helderberg mountains. A starved form with but one or two.perigynia in a spike.
Scolopendrium vulgare, Sm. A rediscovery of this interesting fern was recently made by Mrs. Barnes and other members of the Syracuse Botanical Club, probably in the identical station where it was found by Pursh in 1807, Specimens *collected in this locality by Mrs. Leavenworth were kindly contributed by Mrs. MU. J. Myers. It we
a hl 2 36 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF. THE
regard the stations near Jamesville as one locality there are now three localities in the State where this fern is known to grow.
Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. A new station for this rare fern has been discovered near Syracuse, and specimens have been contributed by Mrs. H. 8. Gifford.
Chara foetida var. longibracteata, 4. Br. This interesting variety of our common chara occurs in pools by the side of the railroad at Ve- rona.
Chara fragilis, Désv. This and the preceding species abound in the **Green Lakes” of Onondaga county. On account of the clearness of
the water, the plants are seen at a great depth and they give the green -
appearance that suggests the popular name of the lakes,
Fissidens grandifrons, Brid. Rivulets near Jamesville, but as usual the moss is sterile.
Cladonia papillaria, Hoffm. Sterile soil. Ballston. July.
Agaricus melleus, Vahl. ‘This extremely variable species sometimes has a white pileus. —
Agaricus virescens, P&. I find that this name is preoccupied and substitute for it Agaricus viriditinctus.
Gomphidius rhodoxanthus, Schw. This plant has been thought by some to be the same as Pavzillus flavidus, Berk., but it does not agree well with the description of that species. Neither does it agree fully with the characters of the genus Gomphidius. I do not find the pileus viscid, nor the lamellx forked, though they are venose-connected. They do not readily separate from the pileus as in Paxillus.
Russula virescens, /’r. According to the description of this species the margin of the pileus should be even, but specimens sometimes occur in which the margin is wholly or partly striate. The number of forked and intermediate lamellz is also variable and the warts are sometimes pale-brown instead of green. ‘The color of the pileus is generally grayish-green but it is frequently tinged with yellow.
Panus stipticus, Bull. This usually occurs on trunks of deciduous trees, but occasionally it is found on hemlock trunks.
Lenzites betulina, #r. Specimens of this species have been found on
hemlock trunks. Senzites vialis also occurs both on frondose and acerose trees, so that the division of the genus into two sections depending on the character of the habitat is scarcely reliable.
Polyporus igniarius, /r. One specimen was found about one foot broad and having seventeen strata of pores, thus indicating an age of seventeen years.
Polyporus pergamenus, Yr. The typical form of this species, accord- ing to the description, has the pileus coriaceo-membranaceus, rigid, tomentose, concentrically sulcate, white; the pores seriately placed, pallescent and produced into very thin dentate plates. Its habitat is said to be pine, and its locality Arctic America. 'The species, as now understood, proves to be a very common and very variable one and in- cludes several synonyms. In Ravenel’s Fungi Car. Exsicc., Fase. 1, No. 13, Polyporus laceratus, Berk., is represented to be a synonym of this species. Dr. Berkeley himself does not give it as a distinet species in his Notices of North America. Stngi, though it was founded on specimens from New Orleans, from which we infer that he does not regard itas a good species. According to the description it scarcely
6 i, te
Srate Museum or NatTuRAL Hisrory. 37
differs from Polyporus elongatus, Berk., except in its shape and its larger pores.. he former difference is of little value for P. elongatus is known to vary very much in shape and size. But P.elongatus, accord- ing to authentic specimens received from Dr. Michener, can scarcely be regarded as any thing more than a mere form, or perhaps variety, of P. pergamenus. For of this species we have in this State two prevailing forms. One form has the pileus tomentose, concentrically sulcate and white, and its pores become paler with age and are at length produced or lacerated into thin dentate plates precisely as required by the description. But it differs from the type in generally, though not always, having the pileus too thick to be called membra- naceous, and in the pores not being seriately placed. These slight differences, however, are of but little account in such a variable plant as ours is known to be, and there can be no doubt that it should be referred to P. pergamenus. The other form, which is more abundant even than the first, is generally thinner and less distinctly tomentose. Indeed, it is sometimes nearly or quite smooth, and it often appears to become smoother with age. Instead of being concentrically sulcate it is generally more or less marked with narrow delicate zones. There are also fine radiating lines or striations which are more perceptible in the smoother specimens. ‘The color is generally grayish pallid or subochraceous. The pores are usually seriately placed, especially toward the margin, and though variable in color they are commonly tinged with purple when fresh and young, as in the preceding form. As in that form also they become paler with age. ‘This is the form recently published under the name Polyporus pseudopargamenus, Thum. When the pileus is narrowed toward its base so that its length is greater than its breadth it is Polyphorus elongatus, Berk. It occurs on a great variety of deciduous trees, but is most frequent on birch, ‘maple, oak and chestnut. ‘The first form is most common on poplar though not limited toit. Ihave not found either growing on pine. These two forms run into each other by such insensible gradations that it is not possible todraw any satisfactory line of distinction between them, and therefore the conclusion must be that both are forms of one species, Polyporus pergamenus.
According to Berkeley and Curtis Polyporus Menxandianus, Mont. also belongs to this species, thus making the synonymy include P.. laceratus, Berk., P. elongatus, Berk., P. Menandianus, Mont., and P.. pseudopargamenus, Thum. It may also be added that according to Berkeley and Curtis the specimens in the Schweinitzian Herbarium under the names Polyporus abietinus and Polyporus stereoides should be referred to P. pergamenus. This species sometimes revives to a certain extent the second season. It puts on a new hymenium and a new growth on the margin of the pileus. The same is true also of Polyporus cinnabarinus.
Polyporus vulgaris, “7. The variety with pale yellow pores occurs on decaying maple wood at Verona. ‘The yellow hue is generally lost in drying.
Polyporus splendens, P&. This name proves to be preoccupied and I would theyefore substitute for it Polyporus subsericeus Pk. For the same reason fF would substitute Polyporus guttulatus, Pk., for Polyporus maculatus, Pk., Polyporus flavidus, Pk., is P. Peckianus, Cke. |
38 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Cheirospora botryospora, /r. This species occurs with us on the beech, Fagus ferruginea, and the water beech, Carpinus Americana. In Europe it occurs also on the ivy.
Puceinia linearis, Pk., On Calamagrostis Canadensis. Copake. The name being preoecupied itis changed to Puccinia striatula, Pk.
Uromyces solida, B. dé C. Living leaves of Desmodium rotundifolium. Newburg. The name of this species proves to be inappropriate and the description very imperfect if we may rely on authentic specimens received from Dr. Curtis. It is scarcely possible to identify the species satisfactorily from the published description. The spores are not always “compact,” but often quite lax. Neither are they always “< obovate,” but generally ovate or elliptical. The rough or ver- ruculose epispore is a noticeable feature, yet it is not mentioned in the description. It is not surprising, therefore, that the species has recently been republished under a new name, Uromyces Desmodit Thum.
Reestelia lacerata, TuJ. This fungus was recently detected by Prof. D. 8. Martin growing in abundance on the living leaves of apple trees at Rogers Rock near Ticonderoga. An allied fungus, Restelia cancellata, has also been found to attack the fruit of the quince.
Peridermium decolorans, P&. This is considered by Baron Thu- men in his ‘‘ Blasenrost Pilze der Coniferen ” to be a variety of Peridermium abietinum.
Peronospora alta, Fekl. Living leaves of English plantain, Plantago lanceolata. Verona.
Spherella nigrita, Che. This is not specifically distinct from Spherella spleniata, C. & P., according to specimens received from Mr. Gerard.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF AMANITA.
“ Spores white. Veil or volva universal, at first continuous distinct from the cuticle of the pileus. Hymenophorum distinct from the stem. All terrestrial.” Hymen. Europ. p. 17%.
The Agarics which are grouped under the subgeneric name Amanita are distinguished from all others by their white spores and their univer- sal veil distinct from the pileus. In the subgenus Volvaria there is a similar veil or volva, but the spores are rosy or pinkish-colored. By some authors the species of these two subgenera have been united un- der the common name Amanita, but even in this case it was found convenient to separate them into two sections, depending on the color of the spores. Some mycologists have regarded the species of Amanita as worthy of generic distinction, and have separated them from the Agarics as a distinct genus. But by those species whose volva is evan- escent they approach so closely to other subgenera that it is difficult to maintain this position unless we also raise the other subgenera to the same rank. ‘I'he differences between the subgenera are so slight that this has not seemed advisable to the most eminent mycologists ; and yet the species of Agarics are already so numerous that it is very didi- cult to find appropriate unoccupied specific names for the new ones
State Museum or NATURAL HIstTory. 39
frequently discovered, and some mode of relief in this respect is ex- ceedingly desirable.
The species of Amanita grow on the ground in the woods, groves and copses. ‘They rarely occur in open fields, unless in the vicinity of trees or near the margin of woods. Thin, open woods and copses af- ford the most favorable localities. In the early condition the plant is wholly enveloped in its volva, but as it increases in size the volva is necessarily ruptured. In some species, A. cwsareus, for example, the volva is distinctly membranous, and includes the young plant as if in an oval sack. At length the upper part of the volva is ruptured, and the pileus and stem are exserted. Sometimes one or more irregular and unequal fragments of the ruptured volva adhere to the surface of the pileus for a time, and are carried up by it in its growth. But usually.in these species the surface of the pileus is smooth, and the re- mains of the ruptured volva wholly adhere to the base of the stem or its bulb like a membranous margin, a sheath or a lacerated cup. In other species the volva is not distinctly membranous, but is more floc- cose or scaly and friable in its character. It envelops the young plant, but the distinction between the pileus and bulbous base of the stem is soon manifest, and as the stem elongates the upper part of the volva is separated from the lower part, and persistently adheres to the surface of the pileus. As this expands its covering or calyptra breaks up into superficial scales or warts. These are often angular or pyra- midal in form, and. sometimes unlike the pileus in color, and afford a beautiful ornamentation. The part that remains at the base of the stem often breaks up into mealy or floccose scales, and sometimes wholly disappears wher the plant matures. Generally a smooth pileus indicates a perfect mémbranoys volva, and a warty one an imperfect, floccose or evanescent one. Sometimes, especially after heavy rains, specimens, which normally have the pileus warty, are found with a smooth pileus; but these are only occasional, and probably mostly ac- cidental cases, the warts having been washed off by the rain. Most of the species are solitary or gregarious and of moderate or large size. The pileus, when fully. expanded, is nearly plane and quite regu- lar, so that these Agarics are among the most noble and attr active in their appearance. Many of them have a thin pellicle or cuticle, which, in the young and moist plant, is slightly viscid.
The lamellee in nearly all the species are white or whitish, and free from the stem. Usually they are narrowed toward the stem, and cease just before reaching it, thus leaving a small free space around its apex. In many species the short ones that intervene between the long ones are abruptly terminated at their inner extremity, as if truncated or cut square off. The stem is usually rather long and well formed, and in most species is more or less thickened or bulbous at the base. In some species it is hollow or stuffed with cottony fibrils; in others itis solid. In the greater number of species it is furnished with a membranous ring or anvulus, that surrounds it near the top like a flabby’ collar. In the young plant this is stretched from the stem to the margin of the pileus, and wholly conceals the lamelle. As the pileus expands the annulus breaks loose from its attachment to the margin, and remains adhering to the stem. In some species this rupture is not ‘always clean and even, small portions remaining at-
40 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
tached to the margin. The annulus then has a lacerated or torn ap- pearance. The species are readily divided into two primary sections, depending on the presence or absence of the annulus. The species having an annulus have been again divided by Fries into subsections, depending on the character of the volva. These are thus charac- terized:
1. Volva rupturing at the apex or circumscissile, the free margin persistent. Of our species A. cwsareus, A. spretus and A. phalloides belong to this subsection.
2. Volva definitely circumscissile, persistent on the margined base, the covering of the pileus broken up into thick warts. Here belong A. russuloides, A. muscarius, A. Frostianus, A solitarius and A. strobiliformis.
3. Volva wholly friable, reduced to scales and warts. Our only rep- resentative of this subsection is 4. rubescens.
4. Volva wholly obsolete, flocculose, entirely evanescent. Of this sub- section we have thus far no representative.
The second and third sub-sections appear to run into each other in such a way that it is difficult to keep them distinct.
In collecting specimens for examination, the earth should be care- fully removed from the base of the stem before the plant is taken up, in order to obtain it entire and to secure the yolva in as perfect condi- tion as possible. Young plants taken just as the pileus is emerging from the volva, if kept in a warm, moist atmosphere, will continue to elongate the stem and expand the pileus.
The characters especially to be noted in the determination of the species are found in the volva, whether membranous and persistent or floccose-scaly, and more or less evanesgent; in the pileus, whether smooth and naked or warty, and whether even or striated on the mar- gin; in the stem, whether with or without an annulus, whether solid or hollow and whether with or without a bulb at the base, and if bul- bous what is the character of the bulb. The color, though a conspicu- uous character, is so variable in some species that it is deemed of sec- ondary importance. The spores, beyond their color, can only be available in affording distinctive characters by the aid of a compound microscope and a micrometer.
Some of the species have a very bad reputation for their deleterious and poisonous qualities, but a few are generally admitted by authors to be esculent. I have not personally tested the edible qualities of any of the species, and those indicated as edible are thus given on the au- thority of others. Ido not consider it safe for any one who is not fully able to distinguish the edible from the poisonous species to in- dulge in the use of the Amanitas for food.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.
1. Stem furnished with an annulus..................+% mee wae! 2 2. Volva membranous, persistent; pileus not warty.............,.00-.- Sie hey Oe 3, Pileus widely striate on the margin, lamellie yellow.... A. cw@sareus.
3. Pileus narrowly striate, lamella white....,............ A, spretus. 3. Pileus even on the margin, lamellz white............... 4 1. phalloides. 2. Volva squamose, friable, sometimes evanescent................+e00- Van ie 4, Pileus striate on the margin.:!. 02... S00 0s). SAO WOT)
—_ en = oT eS
STaTE Museum or Natura History. 41
Pe uemeus RarrOW lp stiiata.’..'..\.j-rai dou ed ae Teeth eR ye 6 6. More than two inches broad, spores elliptical... A. muscarius. 6. Less than two inches broad, spores globose..... A. Frostianus. emeereven- on Wie Maroy... betnuemackie ce nrc'seac csp since tice een 7 7. Flesh with reddish stains when wounded.......... 2 1. rubescens. 7. Flesh without reddish stains when wounded..................-.. ‘ 8. Bulb of the stem acutely margined, often split. . A strobiliformis. 8, Bulb not acutely margined....,............... A. solitarius. SPMeMeeIEUS OF BN ANNUIUS.... 0... ses eee ccicc devas i cee sacestceeecccns I Se 10 10. Pileus hairy-squamulose, volva large, firm. ........... A, volvatus. 10. Pileus soon glabrous, volva sheathing, flabby. ........ A. vaginatus. MRM MA MER GUGMUTATIOUS 6.06. 5. occ 8 once oe ee vee nde da otloanchsvre tulvaeeal aulne 11 Pree BOON, G1AbTOUS. 5 6... =: «oso0<0' cdie atv ddcicy om os A. nivalis. co 2 AG dE RSS A a A. strangulatus. 11. Pileus pulverulent....... Bin Studer =! hele C oie, eee snide A. farinosus.
STEM FURNISHED WITH AN ANNULUS.
Agaricus cxsareus, Scop. Orange Agaric. Pileus hemispherical, then expanded, smooth, bright red or orange, fading to yellow, widely and distinctly striate on the margin; lamell free, yellow; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, flocculose, stuffed with cottony fibrils or hollow, yellowish, bearing a yellowish annulus near the top and in- serted at the base in alarge loose membranous white volva; spores ellip- tical, .00035 in. to .0004 in. long.
Plant 5 in. to 8 in, high, pilens 4 in. to 8 in. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. August.
This is alarge, beautiful and very showy Agaric and has been called “ Fungorum princeps,” chief of fungi. It occurs in wet seasons in thin open woods, but isnot very common. It sometimes grows in large circles or ‘‘fairy rings.” The American plant differs in some slight respects from the European as represented in figures and descriptions, and I have modified the description to meet the peculiarities of our plant. In Europe the pileus is said to vary in color, being sometimes white, pale-yellow, red and copper-colored, though usually orange-yellow. In our plant I have found the pileus very uniform in coloration, it being at first bright-orange or even a brilliant red, fading with age to yellow, either wholly or on the margin only. In dried specimens the red color entirely disappears. ‘T‘he striations of the margin are quite deep and long, and almost as distinct as in A. vaginatus, where they are said to be ‘‘pectinate-sulcate.” The flesh is represented as yellowish. In our plant it may be white, yellow or red under the cuticule, but next the lamell it is pretty constantly yellow. The stem is described as subyentricose. In our plant I have always found it equal or slightly tapering upwards and generally rather long in proportion to the size
of the pileus, so that the American plant must have a more graceful
aspect than the European. The stem is yellowish, but adorned with delicate foccose fibrils of a yellowish-rhubarb color. The annulus is also sometimes tinged with this hue. The volva is soft and almost tomentose in texture, yet distinctly membranous, persistent and white. The lamellz are yellow, a character by which it is at once distin- guished from all our other species. All authors agree in attributing esculent qualities to this fungus. It has been termed “Cibus Deo- rum,” the food of the gods. Cordier says it is delicious and every- where sought after, but utters a caution against confounding it with
[Assem. Doc. No. 127.] . 6
42 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
the “False Orange” or Fly Agaric, Agaricus muscarius. Agaricus aurantius Bull. and Amanita aurantia, Pers., are given as synonyms.
Agaricus spretus, P&. Despised Agaric. Pileus subovate, then convex or expanded, smooth or at first adorned with a few fragments of the volva, slightly striate on the margin, whitish or pale-brown; lamellz close, reaching the stem, white ; stem equal, smooth, slightly pruinose above the white annulus, stuffed or hollow, whitish, auaty striate at the top, inserted at the base in the rather large persistent membranous somewhat sheathing volva ; spores elliptical, .0004 in. to .0005 in. long, .00025 in. to .0003 in. broad, generally containing a single large nucleus.
Plant 4 in. to 6 in. high, pileus 3 in. to 5 in. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. August.
This species occurs in bushy or open places and seems to prefer a dry gravelly or sandy soil. It is not common. It sometimes grows in clusters and then has the pileus more or less irregular. The stria- tions of the margin of the pileus are rather short and not always deep and distinct. The lamelle reach the stem and form little de- current lines at its apex. The stem is without any bulb at its base, which is more or less sheathed by the persistent volva much as in A. vaginatus. In light sandy soil the stem penetrates the earth quite deeply. The whole plant issometimes white, but often the pileus and stem are tinged with brown. It appears to be related in some respects to A. porphyrius and A. recutitus, but it differs from both in its co!- oration and in other characters.
Agaricus phalloides, #r. Phallus-like Agaric. Pileus at first ovate or subeampanulate, then expanded, slightly viscid when young and moist, smooth or rarely adorned by afew fragments of the volva, even on the margin, white, yellowish-brown or blackish-brown ; lamella rather broad, rounded behind, free, white; stem equal or slightiy tapering upward, stuffed‘or hollow, smooth or slightly floccose, annulate, bulbous, the ruptured volva either appressed loose or merely forming a narrow margin to the bulb; spores globose, .0003 in to .09033 in.) broad.
Plant 4 in. to & in. high, pileus 2 in. to 5 in broad, stem 5 to 6 lines thick. Summer and Autumn. 7
This species is common and variable. It occurs everywhere in woods and assumes such different colors that the inexperienced mycologist is apt to mistake its different forms for distinct species, With us the prevailing colors of the pileus are white, yellowish-white, grayish-brown and blackish-brown. It isremarkable that the form with a greenish pileus, which seems to be common enough in Europe, does not occur here. Fries also mentions a form having a white pileus with a black disk. A somewhat similar form occurs here, in which the pileus is grayish- brown.with a black disk. Some of the variously-colored forms were formerly taken to be distinct species, in consequence of which several synonyms have arisen, of which A. virescens, Fl. Dan., Amanitd viridis, Pers,, and Amanita citrina, Pers., are examples. A. vernus, Bull, isa variety having a white pileus, arather thick annulus and an appressed volva. Itsometimes occurs early in the season; hence the specific name. It also occurs late in the season and runs into the typical form so that it is not easy to keep it distinct. The flesh and the lamellae are white, the stem is white, pallid or brownish, and the annulus is either white or brownish. The bulb is generally very broad
ak ts - 7 . an mie
State Musrtum oF NATURAL HIstToryY. 42
and abrupt or depressed, though it sometimes is smal] and approaches an ovate form, The large bulbs are sometimes split externally in two or three places and are, therefore, two or three-lobed. In such cases the volva is less persistent than usual and its free portion then furnishes merely an acute edge or narrow margin to the bulb. Specimens some- times occur in which the margin of the pileus is narrowly adorned with a slight tomentose villosity, but usually it is perfectly smooth and even. By this character taken in connection with the membran- ous volya and bulbous base of the stem, the species is readily dis- tinguished, Sometimes a strong odor is emitted by it, but usually the odor is slight. Authors generally pronounce this a poisonous and very dangerous species. Its appearance is attractive, but its use as food is to be avoided. ;
Agaricus russuloides, P&. Russula-like Agaric. Pileus at first ovate, then convex or expanded, at first rough with a few superficial warts, soon smooth, viscid when moist, widely striate-tuberculate on the margin, pale-yellow or straw color; lamellx close, free, narrowed toward the stem, white ; stem firm, smooth, stuffed, equal or slightly tapering up- ward, bulbous, furnished with a thin subevanescent annulus; volva Fragile, subappressed ; spores broadly elliptical, .0004 in. long, .0003 in. in. broad.
Plant 2 in. to 3 in. high, pileus 1.5 in. to2 in. broad, stem 3 lines to 5 lines thick. June.
This rare species was found in grassy places in open woods, several years ago, and has not been met with by me since. It is remarkable for and easily known by the widely striate margin of the pileus. The tuberculate appearance is due to short trans- verse veins or wrinkles which intervene beween and connect the lamellae and give to the surface of the pileus an appearance simi- lar to that seen in many species of Russula. The dried speci- mens look very much like small dried forms of A. cesareus, but they have not the perfect volva of that species. The bulb is ovate and the volva fragile and easily broken into fragments. Its nearest rela- tionship is with A. muscarius, from which its smoother pileus and peculiar margin at once distinguish it.
Agaricus muscarius, Z. Fly Agaric. Pileus at first ovate or hemi- spherical, then broadly convex or nearly plane, slightly viscid when young and moist, rowgh with numerous whitish or yellowish warts, rarely smooth, narrowly and slightly striate on the margin, white, yel- low or orange-red ; lamellz white ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed with webby fibrils or hollow, bearing a white annulus above, ovate-bulbous at the base, white or yellowish ; the volva usually breaking up into scales and adhering to the upper part of the bulb and the base of the stem; spores elliptical, .0003 in. to .0004 in. long, .00025 in. to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 5 in. to 8 in. high, pileus 3 in. to 6 in, broad. June to October.
The Fly Agaric, or “False Orange” as it is called in France, is acommon and variable species. It occurs in thin open woods and in bushy pastures. The fine ornamentation of its warts and its beautiful colors make it a very showy and attractive species. I have not seen it with the bright blood-red or searlet colors attributed to the European plant, but it is usually more or less orange-colored when young, fading to yellow with advancing age, either wholly
44 THIRTY-2HIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
or on the margin only. Sometimes the fading process goes on until the pileus is nearly white. In one variety the pileus is of a uniform citrine or lemon-yellow color, in another it is wholly white. This form I suspect is the same as A. subremotus, B. & C. The margin is nar- rowly and usually but slightly striate. Sometimes, especially after heavy rains, it is not uncommon to find specimens almost or entirely destitute of warts and even of the fragments of the volva at the base of the stem. The flesh under the cuticle is notalways yellow. It may be either white or orange according to the color exhibited by the pileus. The lamelle are sometimes faintly tinged with a yellowish or creamy hue. The stem also, which is usually white, may be occasionally tinged with yellow. The remains of the volva often encircle it at the base in a somewhat concentric manner. The varieties already mentioned may be characterized thus:
Var. formosus (Amanita formosa, G. & R.) Pilens soft, fragile, citrine-yellow, warts loose, white or yellowish. Var. albus. Pileus white, warts rather firm, subacute. Var. regalis, a large form with a liver-colored pileus, and Var. wmbrinus with a thin, brown or livid pileus and dark-brown disk I have not seen.
The species isrenowned for its intoxicating and poisonous properties. Cordier states that it is one of the most active poisons and has caused numerous accidents by being mistaken for the Orange Agaric. A kind of fly poison is sometimes manufactured from it. If a moist plant be placed where flies have access to it they will sip the viscid substance from the surface of the pileus and pay the penalty with their lives. I have seen it surrounded by a circle of dead flies thus destroyed.
Agaricus Frostianus, Pk. Frost’s Agaric. Pileus convex or ex- panded, bright-orange or yellow, warty, sometimes nearly or quite smooth, striate on the margin; lamelle free, white or slightly tinged
with yellow ; stem white or yellow, stuffed, bearing a slight, sometimes ~
evanescent, annulus, bulbous at the base, the bulb slightly margined by the volva; spores globose .0003 in. to .0004 in. in diameter.
Plant 2 in. to3 in. high, pileus 1 in. to 2 in. broad, stem about 2 lines ©
thick. June to October. ' This appears like a very small form of the Fly Agaric, to
which, as var. minor, it was formerly referred. The only de-.
cided characters for distinguishing it are its small size and glo- bose spores. Relying mainly on the latter I have hesitatingly
admitted it as a species. It should yet be compared with Amanita —
puella, G. & R., which Fries regards as a mere form of A. muscarius, characterizing it with the words “smaller, without warts.” It is also near, A. gemmatus Fr., but that is described as having a solid exannulate stem. Mr. Frost’s manuscript description says “not often warty,” but I have nearly always found it more or less warty. The specific name “affinis” which was given to this species by Mr. Frost, has been more than once used, in connection with other species, and it seems best to substitute another for it. Our plant sometimes grows in company with A. muscarius, but it seems to prefer more dense woods, especially mixed or hemlock woods. It is generally very regular and beautiful and has the stem quite often of a yellow color, and the bulb margined above with a collar-like ring.
Agaricus rubesceus, Pers. Reddish Agaric. Pileus at first ovate, then broadly convex or nearly plane, warty, slightly viscid when young
. ‘ —S-.
~
State Museuw or Natura Hisrory. 45
and moist, even or substriate on the margin, whitish, reddish-brown or brown ; lamelle reathing to the stem toward which they are narrowed, white ; stem equal or slightly tapeting upward, squamulose, stuffed or hollow, thickened or bulbousat the base, slightly striate at the top, an- nulate, whitish or pallid; flesh becoming reddish where wounded ; spores elliptical, .0003 in. to .00035 in. long, .0002 in. to .00025 in. broad.
lant 4 in. to 6 in. high, pileus 3 in. to 5 in. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. July to September.
This Agaric occurs both in thin and in dense woods. It is solitary or scattered in its mode of growth. The pileus is gen- erally adorned with soft, easily removable, whitish or reddish- stained warts, but as in other species, it is not unusual after heavy rains to find specimens with the pileus entirely naked. The margin of the pileus is generally even, but sometimes speci- mens are found in which it is slightly striated. It is also in this, as in all the other species, sometimes split in one or more places. The color is quite variable and is generally somewhat sordid and unde- cided in character. It is whitish, alutaceous, pinkish-brown, yellowish - brown or reddish-brown. ‘The flesh is white and generally becomes reddish where bruised or wounded, especially in warm wet weather. Reddish stains are usually found on the stem or lamelle, being the result probably of the bites of insects. ‘They are not always readily produced at will in the American plant. Sometimes the little branny scales that clothe the stem are colored red. ‘The base of the stem is thickened or bulbous, but the bulb is ovate or gradually tapering into the stem, and not abrupt and distinct asin A. phalloides. The volva is wholly friable and often entirely disappears from the base of the stem or bulb.
A. circinatus, Schum., is regarded by Fries as a variety of this spe- cies, distinguished by its plane brownish-red pileus and numerous ad- nate circinating warts. A. verrucosus, Bull., is a mere form with minute warts and flesh slowly changing to red.
One author places this Agaric among the suspected species. Berke- ley says of it, “ Quality doubtful,” while most authors, including Bad- ham, Rogues, Currey, Cooke and Curtis, pronounce it esculent. Oor- dier says it is a most delicate food, of which large quantities are con- sumed in Lorraine.
Agaricus solitarius, Bull. Solitary Agaric. Pileus convex or plane, warty, white or whitish, even on the margin; lamelle reaching the stem, white or slightly tinged with cream-color; stem at first mealy or scaly, equal, solid, white, bulbous, the bulb scaly or mealy, narrowed below into a root-like prolongation ; annulus lacerated, often adhering in fragments to the margin of the pileus and lamellz ; spores elliptical- oblong, .0003 in. to .0005 in. long, .00025 in. broad,
Plant 4in. to 8 in. high, pileus, 3 in. to 6 in. broad, stem 4 lines to 6 lines thick. August and September,
The Solitary Agaric grows singly or very much scattered in thin © woods and open places. It is generally white throughout, though sometimes the pileus is tinged with brown and the warts are a little ochreous or brownish. In some specimens they are few and scattered, but generally they are numerous, crowded, angular and often erect and acute, especially on the disk. There are two forms of the species, In one, the volya breaks up into brownish scales which adorn the bulb
16 THLRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
and lower part of the stem. In the European plant these scales are said to be imbricating. I have not found this formein our State, but it occurs farther south. In the other, the bulb and lower part of the stem are covered with white mealy or granular particles. This form oceurs on Long Island. The annulus also and the upper part of the stem, when young, are covered with floccose or mealy particles. The former is soon lacerated and a part of it frequently adheres to the mar- gin of the pileus and the edge of the lamella. Sometimes there is very little of it left to form a ring on the stem, This lacerated an- nulus and the peculiar deeply-rooting bulb are marked and distin- guishing features in this species. A. echinocephalus, Vitt., is appar- ently a closely-related species, but is characterized as having a shining pileus with pyramidal acute seceding warts and a distant persistent annulus. The lamelle are also said to become green. A, albellus, Scop., and Aminata pellita, Secr., are regarded by Fries as synonyms.
Authors are divided in their estimate of the qualities of this fungus, one saying that it is very poisonous, another, that it is scarcely edible, and another, that its flesh is white and of an excellent flavor. In any case it is too scarce with us to be of much value,
Agaricus strobiliformis, Vité. Fir-cone Agaric. Pileus convex or nearly plane, rough with angular supersistent warts, white or cinereous, sometimes yellow on the disk, the margin even and extending a little beyond the lamella ; lamelle free, rounded behind, not reaching. the stem, equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, floccose-scaly, white, bulbous, the bulb very large, margined above and furnished with one or two concentric furrows, somewhat pointed below, floccose mealy when young; spores elliptical, .0005 in. to .0006 in. long, ,0003 in, to .0004 in. broad.
Plant 6 in. to 10 in. high, pileus 6 in. to 10in. broad, stem 8 lines to 15 lines thick, Autumn,
This Agaric, which usually attains a very large size, is quite rare with us. It is generally of a white or whitish color, but sometimes yellowish on the disk, and it has the pileus rather thickly studded with firm angular mostly persistent warts which are often flattened at the top in sucha way as to resemble some- what the scales of a pine cone, whence the specific name. ‘They are generally whitish though sometimes tinged with brown. In some instances they fall away and leave the pileus nearly smooth. The annulus is large, and as in the preceding species is often torn or lacerated. The bulb at the base of the stem is one of the peculiar and distinguishing features of the species. It is very large, some- times attaining a diameter of two and a half inches, and at the upper part a slight furrow intervenes between its narrow margin and the stem, as if produced by the impressed margin of the young pileus. Sometimes a second furrow surrounds the bulb a little below this, and below the second furrow the thick exterior coat of the bulb is split longitudinally in several places, thus: giving it a lobed appearance. The larger part of the bulb often appears above the surface of the ground, but it is somewhat pointed or conical below and thus slightly penetrates the earth, but it has not the long distinct tap root that so strongly characterizes the preceding species. All traces of the yolva soon disappear from the bulb. ‘The plant formerly referred to A. MUSCUTIUS as Variety major is to be referred to this species. The solid
ebb
State MusrEum or NATURAL HISTORY. 47
stem and even margin of the pileus separate this species from white forms of A. muscarius. Authors generally agree in calling it an edible species.
STEM DESTITUTE OF AN ANNULUS.
Agaricus volvatus, Pk. Volvate Agaric. ileus convex, then nearly plane, slightly striate on the margin, hairy or floccose-scaly, white or whitish, the disk sometimes brownish, lamellx close, free, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed, minutely floccose-scaly, whitish, inserted at the base in @ large, firm, cup-
- shaped, persistent volva; spores elliptical, .0004 in. long, .0003 in.
broad.
Plant 2 in. to 3 in. high, pileus 2 in. to 3 in. broad, stem 3 to 4 lines thick. July and August.
This species is quite rare. It grows in woods and open places and is easily distinguished from all others by the absence of the annulus and the presence of the large somewhat cup-shaped persistent volva. The pil- eus is not smooth as is usually the case in the species with a persistent membranous volva, but is more or less scaly with minute tufts of fibrils or tomentose hairs. Sometimes the margin is not very dis- tinctly striate. The color varies from white to brownish. The lam- ellz, which are white in the fresh plant, in the dried specimens assume a dull cinnamon-brown hue, except on the edge which remains white and is more or less floccose. A volvacews, Bull., has a similar volva, but its spores and lamelle are pinkish or flesh-colored and it belongs, therefore, to the subgenus Volvaria.
Agaricus vaginatus, Bull. Sheathed Agaric. Pileus at first ovate or subeampanulate, then convex or nearly plane, smooth, rarely adorned with a few fragments of the volva, slightly viscid when young or moist, deeply and distinctly striate on the thin margin, very variable in color; lamellz free, white or whitish ; stem rather slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, fragile, nearly smooth or minutely mealy-squamulose, not bulbous; surrounded at the base by the more or less elongated sheathing flabby volva; spores globose, shining, .0008 in. to .0004 in. in diameter.
Plant 4 in. to? in, high, pilens 2 in. to 4 in. broad, stem 2 lines to 4 lines thick. Woods and copses, sometimes on much decayed wood. June to October.
This, like our other common species A. muscarius and A. phalloides is very variable. The pileus is generally smooth, but sometimes, es- pecially in young plants, it is adorned with one or more irregular frag- ments of the volva. ' The thin margin is rather widely striate and the striz are so deep and distinct that the margin has;sometimes been de- scribed as “sulcate” and “pectinate-sulcate.” The prevailing colors are grayish-brown, livid-brown and tawny or echery-brown with their inter- mediate shades. The flesh and lamellz are white or whitish, and the stem is generally paler than the pileus. Both it and the pileus are some- what fragile and the plant is easily broken unless handled with care. The pileus is sometimes slightly prominent or umbonate in the center, but it is nearly plane and quite regular. In very wet weather this and many other species sometimes have the margin a little raised or reflexed so that the pileus appears concave or depressed in the center. The volva is so fragile that unless care is taken in gathering the
4
48 THIRTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
specimens it does not adhere to the base of the stem but is left in the ground. In appearance this species is rather slender and regular, in mode of growth it is solitary or very much scattered. It grows in woods either dense or thin and sometimes in open places, and it seems to be able to accommodate itself toa great yariety of circumstances. As it often happens, the variability of this species has given rise to numerous synonyms, which are mostly indicative of its various colors. Among these may be mentioned A. plumbeus, Sheff., A. hyali- nus, Scheff., A. badius, Scheft., A. fulvus, Scheff., A. trilobus, Bolt., A. pulvinatus, Bolt., Amanita livida, Pers., and Am. spadicea, Pers. Some authors class this among the edible species, others, among the suspected or doubtful ones. Cordier pronounces it a delicate food.
Agaricus nivalis, Grev. Snowy Agaric. Alpine Agaric. Pileus at first ovate, then convex or plane, smooth, striate on the thin margin, white, sometimes tinged with yellow or ochraceous on the disk, flesh white ; lamellae subdistant, white, free ; stem equal, rather tall, nearly smooth, bulbous, stuffed, white, the volva very fragile, soon breaking up into fragments or sometimes persisting in the form of a collar-like ring at the upper part of the bulb; spores globose, .0003 in. to .0004 in. in diameter. :
Plant 4 in. to 6 in. high, pileus 2 in. to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick. July to October. pohies’
This fungus has generally been considered a mere variety of the preceding, from which, according to the “English Flora,” it differs merely in the “greater distance of the lamelle and the greater compactness of the stem.” But in the American plant, which seems to me to be the same specifically, I find two other notable points of distinction, namely, the more frail fragmentary volva and the distinctly bulbous base of the stem. This last character is also noticed in Greville’s description, and it has especially influenced me to keep the species distinct. In its original locality its habitat is said to be ‘“‘highland pastures and summits of moun- tains.” With us it occurs in open, grassy places and in thin woods, but it is not common. I have seen it in the counties of Essex, Rensselaer and Otsego. It approaches in some respects, A. Prostianus, but its larger size, smooth pileus, lighter color and the absence of an annulus will easily distinguish it from that species. A. fungites, Batsch, is given as a synonym of this species.
Agaricus strangulatus, “r. Strangulated Agaric. Pileus at first ovate or subelliptical, then campanulate, convex or plane, warty, slightly viscid when moist, deeply and distinctly striate on the margin, grayish-brown; lamell free, close, white ; stem equal or tapering up- wards, stuffed or hallow, nearly smooth, white or whitish, the vlova soon breaking up into scales or subannular fragments ; spores globose, 0004 in. to .0005 in. in diameter.
Plant 4 in. to 6in. high, pileus 2 in. to4 in. broad, stem 3 lines to 6 lines thick. July.
This plant was found in 1869 growing in the grassy borders of a grove near Greenport, Long Island. I have not since found it, and conclude that it is a very rare species with us, In color and general appearance it resembles A. vaginatus,from which it may be distinguished by the warty pileus and the slight volva which does not sheath the base of the stem, but soon breaks up into small fragments, or scales, which sometimes
STATE Museum or NATURAL HIsToRY. 49
form a sort of ring around the base of the stem, but which oftener remain as scales or disappear entirely. The warts of the pileus are often very numerous, persistent aud close, especially on the disk, but sometimes they nearly all disappear, leaving the resemblance to A. vaginatus very close. They are dingy-gray or mouse-colored. The stem usually tapers upward and is adorned with minute brann y scales or with a sort of mealiness, especially on the upper part. This species was described by Berkeley and Broome under the name A. Cecilia, but Fries considers it the same as his A. strangulatus. Our plant has globose spores, while the spores of A. Ceciliae are described in the Handbook of British Fungi as ‘oval, .00034 by .0006 in., ” a dis- crepancy which I am unable to explain. Neither is the application of the specific name stranyulatus clear.
Agaricus farinosus,Schw. Mealy Agaric. Pileus nearly plane, thin, flocculent-pulverulent, widely and deeply striate on themargin, gayish- brown or livid-brown; lamelle free, whitish; stem whitish or pallid, equal, stuffed or hollow, mealy, swbdulbous, the volva fiocculent- pulverulent, evanescent ; spores variable, elliptical ovate or subglobose, -06025 in. to .0003 in. long.
Plant about 2 in. high, pileus 1 in. to 15 lines broad, stem 1 line to 3 lines thick. July to September.
This is our smallest Amanita, It is neither very common nor very abundant when it does occur. The pileus is generally grayish-brown or mouse-colored, though specimens sometimes occur that are almost white. The striations of the margin are long and generally distinct. The dusty flocculent covering is grayish-brown and usully most dense on or near the center of the pileus. It is this that suggests the specific name and affords a good distinguishing character for the species, which might otherwise be easily mistaken for a diminutive form of A. vaginatus. The lamelle are sometimes uneven or floccose on the edge, which gives them a serrated appearance. ‘Toward the outer extremity they are somewhat venosely connected in the interspaces as in A. russuloides. ‘The stem is whitish and more or less mealy, witha slight bulb at the base which is at first clothed like the pileus. It isdescribed by Schweinitz as “ solid,” but I have always found it stuffed or hollow.
T'wo other species of Amanita have been published by Z. C. Howe, M. D., of Yonkers, under the names A. onwstus and A. soleatus. No locality is added to the descriptions, but they are presumably of this State. I have seen no specimens of these species, but the description ' of the latter indicates that it is the same as A. volvatus. I have there- fore deemed it best to omit them, until we have more definite informa- tion concerning them.
In the preceding pages, when no name is added to the station or stations mentioned, the plant has been found therein by the writer. Dates signify the time when the specimens were collected, and there- fore indicate, to some extent, the time of the occurrence of the plant. Grateful acknowledgments are rendered to those Botanists whose names appear in the preceding pages,and who have kindly aided me by contribution of notes and specimens.
Very respectfully submitted, CHARLES H. PECK.
ALBANY, January 7, 1880.
[Assem. Doc. No. 127.] v4
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
CoRYNEUM PUSTULATUM Peck. Page 26. . Piece of a branch bearing the fungus in pustules. . One immature and three mature spores in position x 400. . Two free spores x 400.
Fria. Fia. Fie.
WwW wre
ASTEROSPORIUM BETULINUM Peck. Page 26. Fia. 4. Piece of a branch bearing the fungus in pustules. Fra. 5. One immature and two mature spores x 400.
SYNPHRAGMIDIUM EFFUSUM Peck. Page 27. ; Fie. 6. A piece of wood bearing a patch of the fungus. Fre. 7. Mycelium with two rudimentary spores x 400. Fig. 8. A spore with the series of cells adhering to each other x 400. Fra. 9. A spore with the series of cells separating from each other x 400. Fre. 10. A single separated series of cells separating from each other x 400.
TORULA UNIFORMIS Peck. Page 27. Fre. 11. A piece of bark bearing tufts of the fungus. Fie. 12. Two clusters of flocci x 400.
Fraq. 13. Two flocci united at the base x 400.
MIcROSTROMA LEUCOSPORUM WViessi. ; Page 30. Fig. 14. Part of a leaflet bearing small patches of the fungus. Fic. 15. Vertical view of a spore mass x 400. Fre. 17. Lateral view of a spore mass x 400. Fra. 17. Five spores x 400.
CANTHARELLUS BREVIPES Peck. Page Fra. 18. A smal] plant. Fra. 19. Vertical section of a pileus. Fia. 20. Four spores x 400.
CERCOSPORA ELONGATA Peck. Page 29. Fia. 21. Part of a leaf bearing the fungus in augular spots. : Fra, 22. A tuft of flocci x 400. Fra. 28. Five spores x 400.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. '
*CERCOSPORA SMILACIS Thwm. Page 29.
Fia. 1. A leaf bearing the fungus in orbicular spots. Fig. 2. A tuft of flocci x 400. Fie. 3. Three spores x 400.
HELICOSPORIUM CINEREUM Peck, Page 28. Fie. 4. A piece of wood bearing a patch of the fungus. Fie. 5. Mycelium and part of three flocci x 400. Fia. 6. One spore partly uncoiled and two spores coiled x 400.
ow
PATELLARIA HAMAMELIDIS Peck. Page 32. Fig. 7. A piece of bark bearing the fungus. Fie. 8. Two receptacles magnified. Fie. 9. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores x 400. Fria. 10. Four spores x 400.
CALICIOPSIS PINEA Peck.
Page 32. Fie. 11. A piece of bark bearing the fungus. Fie. 12. One mature and two immature plants with acluster of sphzeriform bodies
at the base, all magnified.
Fra. 13. Two asci containing spores x 400. Fig. 14. Five spores x 400. Fie, 15. Five spermatia x 400.
HELVELLA PALUSTRIS Peck.
Page 31. Fie. 16. A young plant.
Fie. 17, A mature plant. Fic. 18. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores x 400.
VALsA ACROCYSTIS Peck. Page 34. Fia. 19. Piece of a branch bearing the fungus. Fria. 20. A magnified cluster of perithecia with the epidermis removed. Fia. 21. An ascus containing spores x 400. Fic. 22. One immature and two mature spores x 400.
CUCURBITARIA. LONGITUDINALIS Peck. Page 34, Fic. 23. Piece of a branch bearing the fungus. Fig. 24. A row of perithecia magnified. Fie. 25. An ascus containing spores x 400. Fra. 26. Three spores x 400.
*This species was unpublished when the report was written, but was afterward published by Baron Thumen. Owing to the delay in printing I aim enabled to insert the name given by him and thus avoid a synonym.
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STATE Museum oF NATURAL History. 23
ue of Scientific Serials of all Countrie H. ScuddemQambridge, 1879. The American ologist, 1880 The Naturalists’ Directo B79.
33-1872, 8vo. S.,
S. E. Cassino, Boston, 1879.
Encyclopedia Britannica WO]. 344829, Vol. XI. New York, 1880. Geological Record London, 1880, The America aturalist, Vol. 14, Jan.—Deec. hia, 1880.
s Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World. Philadétphia, 1880.
Lippin ation, Vols, 30 and 31. New York, 1880.
34 REGENTS REPORT
3 Y Eq, é eg K REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.
Hon. Davip Murray, LL. D., Secretary of the Board of Regents of the University :
Str — Since the date of my last report, specimens of two hundred and thirty-nine species of plants have been mounted and placed in the Herbarium in the State Museum of Natural History, of which one hundred and sixty-seven were not before represented therein. Seventy- two species have been represented by better specimens or by the addi- tion of specimens of some form or variety not before shown. A list of the mounted specimens is marked (1). Specimens have been col- lected inthe counties of Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Essex, Greene, Hamilton, Franklin, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Saratoga, Ulster and Warren. ‘These represent one hundred and ninety-seven species, of which eighty-five are new to the Herbarium and thirty-eight are be- lieved to be unpublished. A list of collected specimens is marked (2). Specimens of thirteen New York species, new to the Herbarium and not among my own collections, have been contributed by correspond- ents, or have been obtained in naming specimens for them. These, added to the collected species, make the whole number of additions new to the Herbarium, ninety-eight species. A list of contributors and their contributions is marked (3), Previously unreported species will be noticed and descriptions of new species given in a part of the report marked (4). New stations of rare plants, remarks upon inteér- esting species or varieties, and various observations are recorded in a part marked (5).
The plants designated by the term “fungi, ” are very numerous, whether we speak of them as individual plants or as species. In lo- calities where they have been most thoroughly collected and investi- gated they outnumber in species the larger and far more conspicuous flowering plants. They are also extremely varied in their characters and habits. All, however, are comparatively small in size, but few species ever attaining the length or breadth of asingle foot. If we ex- cept the fleshy and speedily perishable sorts which are not generally very abundant, we may say that most of the species are too small to be readily distinguished by the naked eye. And of no species is it pos- sible for the unaided eye to distinguish clearly the shape and features of the spores (seeds). Even the entire plant in multitudes of species would probably wholly escape observation and detection if they had not the habit of growing in masses or patches of many individuals closely congregated together, for masses of minute objects become visible when the single elements that compose them are invisible. They sometimes produce changes also in or on the substances they in- habit, which attract attention and lead to their discovery. Such changes were known and noticed long before the fungi that produce
State Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY. 25
them were detected. ‘The leaves of many plants often became dis- colored in spots or would wither and die in an unaccountable manner ; the branches of plum trees and cherry trees bore black and unsightly excrescences which at length caused them to die ; potato vines were suddenly affected with blackish spots and premature death, and the tubers themselves rotted mysteriously, either in the ground or out of it ; fields of waying grain were struck with “‘ rust” that was not due to any oxidation ; stems and leaves of grass and grain were ‘‘ branded ” in blackish lines, yet not by the use of fire; Indian corn often pro- duced turgid, smutty excrescences on the ears that should have been
well filled with golden grain ; the products of the fruit trees and the
orchards would speedily decay without any apparent or satisfactorily
explainable cause; the sweetened juice of grapes and other fruits
would quickly ferment, effervesce and indicate chemical activity with- out the introduction of any chemical reagents ; preserved fruits would often turn sour or musty ; even sweet milk would not retain its sweet- ness long ; wood thoroughly dried and kept so, or if kept constantly submerged, was found to be almost imperishable, but in intermediate, circumstances it would speedily decay. These and many other phe- nomena were noticed, and their causes were sometimes made the sub- ject of speculative theories, but the real agencies that produced them were not and could not well be fully understood till investigated by the
aid of the microscope. When by this means our powers of vision have been sufficiently increased, we find that the dead spots on leaves usually bear crops of minute fungi, that the ‘‘ black knot” of plum and cherry
trees is au enlargement of the branch covered by a fungus whose threads have caused the mischief, that the spots on the potato leaves and
the consequent rotting of the tubers are the work of a minute parasiti- cal fungus, that the “rusts” and “brands” of the grain fields, the smut of corn, the decay of fruits, the fermentation of juices, the sour- ing of milk and other substances and the rotting of wood are all due to the presence of fungi of one kind or another. And now that the microscope has disclosed this previously almost invisible world of vege- tation and we have entered upon its investigation, we can only won- der at its extent and importance. We find these minute organisms endowed with certain definite forms and certain fixed structural char- acters by means of which they can be systematically classified and specifically designated just as readily as the ordinary plants we see about us. We find in many instances that they have peculiar habits and habitats to which they are addicted, so that a knowledge of the habitat and behavior of the fungtis is many times sufficient to indi- cate pretty accurately the systematic character of the parasite.
We have already learned that nearly all flowering plants, whether cultivated or wild, have one or more parasitic fungoid foes to whose attacks they are sometimes subject. Some plants have several of these enemies that attack them in one part or another, at one time or another, while some more fortunate are rarely affected and then only under cir- cumstances peculiarly favorable to the parasite. Besides the fungi that attack only living plants, there are multitudes of species that are often less particular concerning their habitat and that revel promiscuously upon the tissues of dead plants. Nor can we stop here, for living animal
[Assem. Doc. No. 127.] 4
26 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
organisms are by no means exempt from the pernicious and even fatal attacks of these minute parasites. Fishes and flies, silkworms and cica- das, the larve and pupe of various moths, beetles and other insects are killed by certain fungi that grow in or upon them. So peculiarly liable are insects to death from this cause that eminent scientists have sug- gested that these parasitic plants may be made available as insecticides with which we may combat injurious species. But before this can be ac-. complished it is necessary to find a fungus that will inhabit the insects we wish to destroy, for it is evident that no single insect-killing fun- gus can be used against every noxious insect; and, unfortunately, those insects which are most hurtful to our crops do not thus far appear to be subject to the attack of any fungus. Parasites and predaceous foes of their own class yet appear to be a more promising means of diminishing the numbers and ravages of such insects.
Most of our knowledge of fungi has been acquired within the present century. Many thousands of species have been described and classi- fied, and new ones are discovered and published almost monthly. But much yet remains to be done. The life histories and the true specific limits of many comparatively common species are yet to be ascertained. In some instances a kind of polymorphism or alternation of generations exists and makes investigation more difficult. The minnteness of some species and the peculiar conditions necessary for the development of others are also obstacles to be overcome before we can claim to fuliy understand these organisms. Indeed there is a lower grade of these very lowly plants the investigation of which is difficult even with our best microscopes. I refer to such organisms as Bacteria, Vibriones, Bacilli and Micrococci. To them the putrefaction of animal sub- stances is attributed and also of some vegetable substances; they are. also charged with the production of some of the most destructive maladies of our domestic animals; and the recent investigations of Prof. Burrill indicate that they are responsible too for the production of those dread diseases of our fruit trees, the *‘ yellows” of the peach and the “blight” of the apple and the pear trees, diseases that have . hitherto baffled all efforts to ascertain their causes. ‘There are also those who believe that many of the contagious diseases of the human race are due to similar agencies. It is very probable that this belief will yet be supported by abundant evidence; but, if it should not be, enough is already known to make it evident that the relations of fungi to our material interests and well-being are much more intimate and far-reaching than is generally supposed. In view of their relations to us and to our food-plants, and of their importance in the economy of nature, and of the general lack of information concerning them, I have thought it would be well to give a plain and easy account of a few of our common species, avoiding, as far as possible, the use of technical terms and illustrating the minute parts by enlarged drawings. I have selected for this purpose such species as almost any one may find and observe if they will examine our corn fields, strawberry plants and orchards.
Ustilago Maydis, Lev. Indian corn Smut. (Plate 3, Figs. 1-3.) This fungus can be found in almost any corn field after the corn has developed its flowers. he visible part of the fungus consists of more
State Museum or NATURAL History. 2%
or less irregular and unsightly swellings or excrescences on the tassel or the ears of the corn. Very rarely these swellings occur on the stem and leaves also, but as a rule they occur on the tassels and ears and more often on the latter than on the former. ‘They are very variable in size and shape. Generally they range from the size of a hazel-nut to that of an ordinary apple. ‘They are soft to the touch and externally whitish and membranous, but they soon rupture and are then more or Jess stained by their own contents. The interior is composed of a shreddy mass of tissue filled in and covered over with a copious blackish- brown dust or powder that crocks the fingers in handling it or the clothes that brush against it. By microscopic examination this is found to be a mass of globular grains each one of which hasa diameter of about four ten-thousandths of an inch; that is, it would take two thousand five hundred of them when laid in a straight row in contact with each other to cover the space of oneinch. ‘The surface is covered with minute points or prominences which gives them a rough but pretty appearance under the microscope. These powdery grains are the spores, that is, the seeds of the fungus. There are thousands, perhaps millions of them in a single excrescence. Nature has thus made plentiful provision for the multiplication and spread of the fungus. This and other closely related fungi have been specially studied by Professor Fischer Von Waldheim who finds that the fungus enters the corn while yet young, tender and germinating. The spores of the fungus are scattered over the ground by the wind. They may then be carried beneath its surface by rain or water soaking into the ground or the farmer himself in preparing his ground and planting his seed may unwittingly plant beneath the surface the seeds of a crop offungi. If any of these spores happen to be in such a position that they come in contact with the young corn sprout inits upward growth they immediately send forth their growing filaments which penetrate the tender tissues of the young plant. When they have established themselves within the supporting plant they continue to live at its _ expense and grow with its growth, extending themselves upward through the stem as it elongates, until the proper time comes for them to break forth in excrescences and perfect a new crop of spores. It is characteristic of the smuts that they perfect. their spores in certain definite parts of the supporting plant, though their mycelial threads may pervade all parts of the plant. A few produce their spores in the leaves or on the stem, but most of them develop their fruit in the flowers or seeds of the host plant. A knowledge of this fact is impor- tant in case it is deemed desirable to attempt the destruction or extermi- nation of the parasite. It may serve as a guide te us in our search for the pest, informing us both as to the time when and the place where. In the case of the Indian corn smut it would be useless to look for it before the tassels appear. I am notaware that any experiments, made with the purpose to discover a remedy for this malady, have been successful. It is not probable that any external application will be of much avail, for the threads of the fungus are well protected by the surrounding tissues of the supporting plant. In this,asin so many other cases, prevention is better than cure. Although it. may not be possible wholly to prevent the attacks of this pest, yet it is reasonable
28 THITRY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
to suppose that if every cultivator of corn would go through his fields at the proper time, that is, as soon as the excrescences have made their appearauce, and cut off and burn up every excrescence, he would thereby prevent the dissemination of millions of these ‘fungus spores and do much toward the prevention of the continuance and spread of the evil. Though the winds may carry the spores to great distances it is probable that most of them fall to the ground in the field in which they are produced. In this event it is easy to see that corn raised for several consecutive years on the same piece of ground would be more likely to be affected with smut than corn raised where there is a con- stant rotation of crops.
The specific name Maydis, applied to this fungus, is derived from the specific name Mays, which belongs to its supporting plants. Ustilago Zee, Schw., is a synonym, the specific part of which is derived from Zea, the generic name of Indian corn. ‘The specific names of fungi are often derived from the name of the plant they inhabit.
Helminthosporium inconspicuum, C. & #. Obscure corn-leaf Fun- gus. (Plate 3, figs. 4-6.) If the lower leaves of corn stalks be ex- amined toward the end of Summer, some of them will be found to be dead and discolored at and near the pointed end. This discoloration is sometimes continuous, involving the whole outer half of the leaf, and sometimes it is interrupted and forms spots of various sizes and shapes. ‘The spots, by increasing in size, become confluent, and thus a leaf at first spotted may soon become uniformly discolored. The discoloration resuits from the death of the leaf tissues and the destruc- tion of the green coloring matter of the leaf cells, the affected part ap- pearing to the observer like so much dead leaf. The fungus that causes the discoloration is too minute to be easily seen by the unaided eye. But if a hand-glass of moderate magnifying power is brought into use, the surface of the dead spots will appear as if adorned with a slight pubescence or hairiness. With good eyes, well trained, this apparent hairiness can be seen in a favorable light by looking horizon- tally across the surface of the affected part. By microscopic exam- ination it is found that this appearance is not due to the presence of hairs, but of a minute fungus. Numerous short, stiff, dark-colored articulated threads grow up from the surface, each one of which bears at its apex one or two nearly black spores. ‘These are about as long as the threads and a little thicker. ‘hey are generally from thirty- five to forty-five ten-thousandths of an inch long, and about one- seventh or one-eighth as broad. ‘They are divided into several cells by dark transverse partitions. In the original description of the species these partitions are said to vary in number from three to five, but I have generally found them more numerous, running up even to eight or nine. ‘The life history of this fungus has not yet been traced and therefore it is not known where it passes the Winter. The genus to which it belongs takes its name from two Greek words, one of which signifies a worm, and the other, a spore. It was doubtless given he- cause of some fancied or real resemblance between the spores of some species and a worm, ‘The species of Helminthosporium usually in- habit vegetable matter already dead. From the habit the present species has of attacking the lower leaves only, which already have had their vigor impaired by age, and their vitality diminished by partial
StaTE Museum oF NATURAL History. 29
exclusion from the full rays of the sun, it is quite probable that it never attacks healthy and vigorous leaves, but only those already weak and languishing. In this case it would be but slightly different in its habitat from those species that live on dead vegetable matter, and it could only be said to hasten the death of the leaf by a few days or weeks and therefore should not be regarded as a very noxious fungus. It is not unusual to find another fungus, a species of Macrosporium, associated with it and growing on parts of the leaf that have been dead for some time. ‘This fungus is easily distinguished from the other by its spores which areshorter and comparatively thicker and divided into cells by short, longitudinal as well as transverse partitions.
Puccinia Maydis, Potsch. Indiancorn Brand. (Plate 3, figs. 7-11.) Frequently in the latter part of the season the corn leaves are affected by a fungus called the Indian corn Brand. Small pustules or tuber- ‘cles, technically called sor7, appear on one or both sides of the leaf. Sometimes they are accompanied by a discolored spot, but often there is scarcely any discoloration. The pustules may be few and scattered or numerous and more or less crowded, or even confluent, in which case they form lines or irregular patches. At first these pustules are covered by the thin epidermis of the leaf, but at length thisis ruptured, and then the fungus beneath is revealed. Some of the pustules, especially at the time of the earliest appearance of the fungus, are filled with rusty-red globular spores about one one-thousandth of an inch in diameter. ‘This is the Uredo-form or early state of the fungus, for some fungi have different states or forms of development, just as in- sects do. Other pustules, and a little later in the season all the pus- tules, contain the true Puccinia or brand-spores. Thege are nearly or quite black, and before the covering epidermis is ruptured the pustule- containing them have a peculiar livid or lead color. The covering of the pustules usually ruptures in a longitudinal direction, that is, lengths wise of the leaf, either through the middle or near one side of the pustule. In the latter case the broad fragment of the epidermis forms a kind of flap that remains and partly covers the cluster of spores. Each pustule contains many spores closely packed together in an up- right position. When highly magnified they are found to be two or three times as long as broad, and to have a single transverse partition which divides each spore into two cells nearly equal in size. A pale pedicel of variable length is also attached to the base of each spore. The spores themselves vary in length from sixteen to twenty ten-thousandths of an inch, exclusive of the pedicel. They are very persistent and may still be found in the pustules of old leaves in the Spring of the next year. Thus it appears to be the office of these brand-spores to carry the fungus through the Winter.
The species of Puccinia are very numerous and all inhabit living plants. Most of them, as in the present species, are known to have two or more forms of development. They do more or Jess injury to their supporting plants, according to the greater or less abundance of the parasite, though they do not usually kill the plant they attack. By interfering with the office of the leaves and abstracting therefrom nourishment that should go to thesupport of the plant, they must nec- essarily impair its strength and vigor. Experiments are greatly needed
30 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
to indicate the best methods of preventing the attack of these fungi on cultivated plants.
Another name, Puccinia Sorghi, Schw., is sometimes applied to the fungus under consideration, but as Schweinitz employed it to desig- nate also a fungus found on the leaves of Sorghum, and as I have not been able to ascertain positively whether the Sorghum fungus is really identical with the Indian corn Brand, I have thought it best to employ for this the name Puccinia Maydis.
The three fungi already noticed as inhabitants of Indian corn are by no means all the species that attack it in the living state, but they are the most common ones that infest it in this vicinity. One or all of them can be found in almost every corn field in the latter part of the season. Many other species occur on the dead stalks and leaves, es- pecially when left lying in damp places.
Ramularia Fragarie, Pk. Strawberry Ramularia. (Plate 3, figs. 12-15.) It is by no means an unusual thing to find the leaves of straw- berry vines, both cultivated and wild, marked with nearly circular spots. These spots have a pale or whitish center in which the leaf tissues ap- pear to be dry and dead. They are not ordinarily much more than an eighth of an inch in diameter, but they are surrounded by a broad border which is dark-red or brownish-red. When the spots are nu- merous these colored borders run into each other’ and form discolored patches on the leaf. Sometimes the discoloration runs out to the mar- gin of the leaf in a broad stripe. On the lower surface of the leaf the central part of the spot is not usually as pale as on the upper surface. To an ordinary observer the spots alone are seen. The cause of them remains a mystery. Some have supposed them to be produced by the scalding heat of the sun, others by the stings of insects, and others have intuitively imagined that possibly they might be caused by a fungus, aud have alluded to them as the ‘‘ strawberry rust.” A fungus indeed does produce them but it is not atrue “rust-fungus.” It is one so small and so well protected from observation by the similarity be- tween its own color and the color of the spot that untrained eyes will scarcely detect it. If, however, the white or central part of the spot be examined with a magnifying glass it will generally be found to, be frosted over with minute white flocculent tufts or mealy-looking par- ticles. ‘This is the fertile condition of the fungus. It may not always be found in fertile condition. If sterile, nothing but the spot will be seen. ‘The fungus consists of three parts : first, the creeping filaments which permeate the cells of the leaf, destroying their vitality and natu- ral color; second, the minute tufts of short, upright stems, usually simple, but sometimes branched ; and third, the long, narrow spores which are borne at the top of ‘the stems. ‘The spores are cylindrical, and about eight or ten times as long as broad. They are generally straight and simple, but occasionally one occurs which is slightly curved or which may be divided near the middle by one or two obscure transverse partitions. The spores and stems make up the.minute white flocculent masses seen upon the surface of the spot. ‘The latter are usually a little thicker than the former, but there is not much differ- ence in the length of the two. They are found on both surfaces of the leaf, but are more abundant on the upper surface. The fungus occurs
Strate Museum or NATURAL History. 31
throughout the season, and, so far as my observation goes, it attacks especially those plants that grow in exposed, sunny places, or on dry, light or sandy soils. ‘lo what extent the productiveness of the plants is diminished or the quality of the fruit is deteriorated by the attacks of this fungus, I have no data for determining.
The generic name Ramularia is derived from the Latin ramulus, a little branch, and has reference to the disposition of the stems to bear branches occasionally. The species inhabit the living leaves of plants and produce spots on them which at once indicate the presence of the fungus. In some species several spores occur on one stem, they being attached end to end like the links of a chain. A species of Ramularia occurs in Europe on the leaves of the Indian strawberry, /ragaria Indica, but I have seen no specimens of it. The figure of it in “ Fungi Italici ” indicates that it has thicker stems than our plant and that they are swollen in the middle and narrower toward each end.
Mucor inequalis, P’. Black Squash Mold. (Plate3, figs. 16-18.) This mold attacks squashes and pumpkins in Autumn, or even in Winter, if kept ina warm place. It does not require a very high temperature for its development. The mycelioid threads of the fungus permeate the cells of the squash or pumpkin, producing soft pulpy rotten spots in the flesh. These threads are comparatively coarse and they send off numerous branches in every direction. If their progress is not interrupted they continue to extend themselves until the whole squash is rendered worthless. On the surface or exposed part of the . affected places numerous thread-like stems grow up about one-twelfth of an inch high, each one of which bears a minute globose head. These stems and their swollen tips are at first of a milky-white color, the tips shining and appearing somewhat like a drop of dew ; but they gradually assume a darker hue and finally become blackish or bluish-’ black. The growth is often so dense and extensive that to the naked eye it appears like a black felty patch. The stems are generally un- divided, but occasionally one is found separating near the base into two branches. The heads contain the spores of the fungus. These are nearly black in color and very unequal in size, a character which suggests the specific name 7nequalis which has been given to the fungus. The spores vary from two to six ten-thousandths of an inch in length. They are also very variable in shape, some being nearly globose, others broadly elliptical, and others, especially the larger ones, more or less angular or irregular asif they had been so closely crowded in the head as to be pressed out of proper shape. This variable character of the spores, together with the dark color of the plant, serves to distinguish this mold from all other species known to me. Another somewhat similar species attacks the pumpkin occasionally, but itsstems are longer and permanently white and its spores are more uniform in size and shape. Several other species attack melons and gourds but all are readily distinguished from the present one. The growth of this mold is very rapid. A piece was cut from a pumpkin infected by the mycelium of its fungus and placed ina warm room. ‘I'he next day the cut surface was covered with a black patch of the mature mold. It is probable, however, that in a lower temperature its development is less rapid. Obvious methods of checking the spread of the fungus are: first, remove
32 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
all affected pumpkins or squashes at once from the vicinity of the unaffected ones; second, cut out and destroy all the affected spots as soon as detected; third, keep in as low a temperature as possible with- out freezing. ; Mycologists have instituted two genera of molds that are very closely related. In one, which they cali Mucor, the globose head that contains the spores bursts irregularly when mature. In the other, which they eall Ascophora, it collapses or falls down over the top of the stem, and then presents an appearance similar to that of a miniature spread parasol, or of a saucer inverted and supported on a slender stick. In the black squash mold both these characters exist, for sometimes the head collapses and sometimes it bursts irregularly. If young specimens, while yet white, are placed in a warm dry place their further develop- ment is sometimes checked and then especially the heads collapse as in Ascophora. Thus it will be seen that satisfactory generic characters and generic limits have not yet in all cases been ascertained. Fusicladium dendriticum, Wallr. Apple peel Fungus. (Plate 4, tigs. 1-3.) Probably every one has observed the small, round, black- ish spots common on apples, but perhaps not every one is aware of the cause of them. These spots are not always uniform in color, but are varied by lighter and darker patches or circles. ‘They often have a cracked or scaly appearance. Sometimes they are bare and nearly smooth and then they have a dull reddish tint, but generally they have a blackish or blackish-brown color, more or less tinged with gray or dark-green, They are generally from one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch in diameter, but sometimes they are even larger. There may be but one or two on an apple, but usually they are more numerous, sometimes even so numerous and close that two or more run together. When examined microscopically it is found that they are produced by a fungus, whose dense stratum of threads and spores gives a somewhat velvety appearance to the surface. The fungus develops beneath the epidermis or thin outer skin of the apple, which at length ruptures, breaking up in small flakes or fragments which remain attached for some time, giving a grayish tint tothe spot. The margin is generally well defined but minutely irregular. It may be either darker-colored or paler than the center. ‘The threads and spores are colored and very variable, scarcely any two being exactly alike. Some of the threads are long and prostrate, others short and upright. The spores vary from subglobose to elliptical, fusiform, oblong or narrowly pyri- form. ‘They are generally simple, but sometimes when old they are divided by a single transverse septum or partition. Occasionally they contain one or more nuclei or shining oil globules. The fungus does not affect the apple deeply, its injury being limited to the surface. It is all taken off with the peel and does not detract materially from the weight or quality of the flesh. Still it injures the appearance of the fruit, and possibly in this way affects the sale of it. It is said that it sometimes opens the way for the attack of other fungi by cracking the epidermis of the apple, but this isnot a common result. All varieties of apples are not equally subject to its attacks. Common fruit and especially that growing on trees in the borders of woods seems more liable to its attucks than fruit on thrifty, well-cultivated trees. This
State Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY. 33
fungus with us occurs most frequently on apples, but its habitat is not limited to them. It sometimes appears also on apple leaves, and on pears and pear leaves and young twigs which it sometimes seriously injures. It has also been “found in “Europe, on thorns, particularly the evergreen thorn, Crategus pyracantha. In consequence of this variety in its habitat it is not surprising that it has received a variety of names. Spilocea Pomi, Fy. , Heiminthospori ium Pyrorum, Desm., Cladosporium Pyrorum, Berk., Cladosporium dendriticum, Wallr., Cladosporium orbiculatum, Desm., Actinonema Orategi, P.& A, Actinonema Pomi, Lev., and Phlyctidi um Crategi, Wallr., aresome of the synonyms that have been at one time or another applied to the forms of this fungus.
Penicillium glaucum, Grev. Crustaceous Mold. (Plate 4, figs. 4- 10.) Soft decaying spots, of a peculiar brown color, somewhat re- sembling that of dead leav es, often make their appearance on apples, especially if they are stored in a warm place. Frequently a species of mold develops on these spots. At first minute white tufts appear but they soon acquire a pale bluish-green color, which is indicated botani- cally by the word “glaucous.” ‘These tufts are usually about as large as the head of an ordinary pin. Generally they become so numerous and so closely crowded together that they form a continuous patch or crust, which would render the name “ crustaceous mold ” appropriate, although this name was probably suggested originally by the patches, sometimes formed by the sterile threads of the fungus, If the decayed portion of the apple be examined microscopically, numerous slender fungoid filaments will be found running through it in every direction. These are the mycelium of the fungus, the immediate cause of the rot. As the roots of-a tree absorb nourishment from the soil that surrounds them, so the threads of this fungus absorb their nourishment from the apple cells that surround them. ‘They spread more or less rapidly till the whole apple is rendered worthless. When they come to the surface or reach an air cavity, such as exists about the seeds, they send up fruiting stems if the conditions are favorable. These stems are deli- cate jointed threads which give out near the top one or more pairs of short opposite branches, which are themselves once or twice forked, Hach ultimate branchlet bears at its tip a string of spores, looking much like a string of minute beads. The branches are so short that they are scarcely visible unless highly magnified They with their - strings of spores resemble a minute inverted tassel. The strings of spores are so numerous that they give a dusty appearance to the fun- gus and often hide from view the threads that support them. Their attachment to the branchlets and to each other is very slight and easily broken. Even a drop of water spreading itself on the slide of the microscope will separate them if it comes in contact with them. A slight breath of wind is enough to scatter them far and wide. The separate spores are globular and range from twelve to twenty one- hundred thousandths of an inch in diameter. Five thousand of ee largest ones could be placed in a line in the space of one inch.
As has already been intimated, the fertile threads often grow in clusters or tufts. Sometimes these tufts are so compact and the threads
5
34 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
that compose them are so closely united that it is not possible to dis- tinguish them easily. They appear to form asingle white stem crowned with a mass of spores. This form of the fungus is represented in fig. 7. It was at one time thought to be, not merely a distinct species, but a distinct genus, and was named Coremium lencopus (the white stemmed Coremium) by Persoon. It was also called /'loccaria glauca by the celebrated Greville. It is now regarded simply asa variety of the crustaceous mold and takes the name variety Coremium. Sometimes the fertile threads go to the other extreme and become excessively loose and elongated in their mode of growth and send off a few fertile — branches as represented in fig. 8.
Although so commonly found on decaying apples, this fungus is not limited to that habitat. It occurs also on pears and other fruits and various decaying vegetable substances.
Besides the synonyms already given, Byssus scoparia, F). Dan., and Penicillium crustaceum, Fr., may be mentioned.
Oidium fructigenum, Anz. and Schm. Fruit Oidium. (Plate 4, figs. 11-15.) Small, mealy-looking cushions or pustules sometimes oc- cur on the surface of apples. Single ones are scarcely larger than the head of an ordinary pin, but sometimes two or more occur so near. each other that they appear to run togetber and form larger and ir- regular masses. Their color is not very decided, but it is generally a dingy-white or grayish-yellow or a brownish-yellow, with a slight tinge of red. When very old they sometimes assume a blackish tint. They break out over a part or even over the whole surface of the apple, and are said to be more abundant in dry than in wet seasons. ‘The exter- nal visible part of the fungus consists of short more or less densely tufted threads, each one surmounted by a string of spores. These are some- what elliptical or egg-shaped, from which feature the generic name ap- pears to have been derived. As in most species whose spores are produced in necklace-shaped strings the spores readily separate from each other. In this fungus they are much Jarger than in the crustaceous mold al- ready noticed. The fungus attacks also pears, peaches, plums, ete., and is therefore appropriately called the ‘fruit Oidium.” With us it is especially common on plums. It does not always wait for the fruit to fall from the tree, but often attacks it while yet attached to the branches. Dried and withered plums yet dotted with the fungus cush- ions may sometimes be found still hanging on the trees in the spring of the year. It is even claimed by one writer that fruit is preserved by this fungus rather than destroyed. But my observations indicate that it does not preserve in an uninjured and pure condition. It first produces a kind of rot in the fruit, a ‘‘dry rot” perhaps it may be called. It is perhaps less pulpy and soft than the rot produced by some fungi, but the flesh becomes discolored and changed under the influ- ence of the mycelium. Some experiments illustrative of this were made by the writer with peaches. ,
On September 25th spores of the fungus were planted on a sound peach in three places; on the rind, on the scar that marks its place of attachment to the branch, and on the flesh which had been exposed by cutting away a minute portion of the rind. Those planted on the scar were at the same time moistened by a drop of water.
On the next day there was a slight discoloration about the scar, A
STATE Museum oF NATURAL History. 35
small portion of the exposed flesh being examined it was found that the spores had germinated and had commenced sending out their threads or mycelium. No change was observed where spores had been sown on the rind.
On the 27th the discoloration about the sear had increased in extent, and the spot where the spores had been planted on the flesh was sur- rounded on all sides by a rot-discoloration one-fourth of an inch broad. Nothing has yet come of the spores planted on the rind, nor did they appear afterward to produce any effect. On the 28th both rot spots had increased in size, and the flesh wound where the spores were planted was covered With a fine crop of the Oidium. On the 30th the two rot spots had run together and the scar was also covered with the oidium. Oct. Ist, nearly the whole peach was discolored. Oct. 2d, the whole peach was discolored and the Oidium had broken out in one new spot.
Sept. 27. A hard, sound peach was inoculated in two places by making slight incisions under the rind, inserting in them the spores of the Oidium and then pressing down the rind closely in its original place, to shut off as much as possible exposure to the external air. Spores were also planted on the uninjured rind and moistened with water. On the next day the places of inoculation were surrounded by diseolored rot spots. No change appeared where the spores were planted on the rind, nor did these spores afterward produce any effect. Sept. 30th. The two rot spots abont the places of inoculation have run together and now oceupy about one-half the peach. Oct. Ist. The rot has ex- tended and reached the stem-scar of the peach, and there a nice crop of the Oidium has made its appearance. No Oidium has appeared in the two places of inoculation. Oct. 2d. The rot has extended and the Oidium has broken out in a new place on the part of the peach opposite the stem-scar.
Sept. 27. A hard, sound peach was cut into halves and the Oidjum spores were planted in a small spot in thecut flesh of one of the halves. On the 28th there was a discolored spot about the place where the spores were planted, but not clsewhcre. The 29th, being Sunday, no observation was taken. On the 30th about one-third of the cut’ sur- face was discolored, the discoloration being only on the side where the spores were planted. Also the Oidium has appeared. Oct. 1st. The discoloration has extended and more Oidium has developed. Oct. 2d. The discoloration has extended but little, probably from lack of moist- ure, as the peach is becoming dry. The unplanted side is still un- harmed, though considerably dried.
From these three simple experiments the following deductions are made: First, the Oidium does produce a kind of rot in the peach ; Second, the spores do not affect the peach when planted on the unin- jured skin or rind ‘Third, when planted on the freshly-exposed flesh they germinate most readily und reproduce themselves in about three days. These results might possibly be somewhat modified if the ex- periments were made on other fruits, but essentially I believe they would only be confirmed.
The names that have been applied to this fungus by mycologists at different times are numerous. Among them are Torula fructigena,
36 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Pers., Oospora candida, Wallr., Oidium Wallrothii, Thum., Monila Sructigena, Sacc., Acrosporium fructigenum, Pers., and Oidium laxum, Ebr.
Spheropsis malorum, Berk. Apple Spheropsis. (Plate 4, figs. 16— 21.) It is not an uncommon thing to find apples in Autumn lying under the trees of the orchard and discolored by an incipient decay. Sometimes this discoloration is seen in them while yet hanging on the trees. It is the work and earliest manifestation of the presence of a fungus, distinct from those already noticed. It has the usual brown hue of decay produced by the mycelium of some other apple-infesting fungi, and it is not easy to say just what fungus is causing the decay until the fertile condition of the parasite makes its appearance. In this case the discoloration is soon followed by the appearance of nu- merous minute black pimples or pustules. These are at first covered by the thin epidermis, but soon this is ruptured and the black, some- what conical protuberance beneath is revealed. This is the spore-case of the fungus. In due time it contains a cluster of spores which are generally about twice as long as broad, and which range from eight to twelve ten-thousandths of an inch in length. They are at first pale - in color and supported on a short stem or pedicel, but when mature they become black or blackish-brown, separate from their pedicels and escape through a minute aperture at the apex of the spore-case. The spores are not always developed as soon as the spore-cases appear. Sometimes fertile spore-cases are found in Winter or even in the fol- lowing Spring. The specific part of the name of this fungus, Sph@rop- sis malorum, is derived from the Latin mala, a word meaning apples.
The generic name is suggested by the resemblance these fungi have to species of Spheeria. There is another genus called Diplodia which scarcely differs from Spheeropsis in any respect except that its spores are divided in the middle by a transverse septum. In some instances this mark of distinction between the two genera fails, for both divided and undivided spores may be found in the same spore-case. And even both so-called genera are now regarded by excellent mycologists as mere forms or states of more highly developed fungi. For other remarks coucerning this fungus see 'Thirty-first Report, page 20.
(1.) PLANTS MOUNTED.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Thalictrum diocium..,....... L. Proserpinaca palustris........ LL. Actpavalbae) si.ls bee jn peeigel. Cornus circinata ............ L Her. Viola Selleirkii 2 (eats ses raat Goldie. Dipsacus sylvestris........... Mill. Hypericum mutilum......... LL. Aster GumOsilsi).\.-. cu leneeen a Linnm, striatum. 15 05/064 0056 Walt. A. SricOldes),,.’.....) ae Ds, Vitis riparia... ...-.++++++05. Mz. A. Tradeseanti,...\.: eee L. Juonymus Americana........ L. Solidago altissima..... ...... Uap Trifolium repens..........4.. L. 8. gigantea Pe: |. 2 a Ath Lespedeza reticulata......... Pers. Polymnia Canadensis,........ L. Desmondium rotundifolium... D. @. Hieracium venosum,......... L. RIDER UIT POLMLIMs brlete ie. phy ae Ma. Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum.. Lam.
R. rotundifolium.......... Mz. Gerardia tenuifolia.....,..... Vahl,
Srate Museum oF NATURAL History.
Monarda fistulosa.......,.... L. Lophanthus nepetoides....... Benth. Lycopus Europeus.......... L. Polygonum Hartwrightii..... Gr. Quercus prinoides............ Willd. Potamogeton natans......... L,
sem BM FOMONSs, «.</./0.<, 0/2 + «0. Tuck. Pp hybridus Make titreyevete areas, Mx.
P. REMAP GUS: 5.0 6) <ahe nan lah 4 L. Pogonia verticillata.......... Nutt. Triglochin palustre.......... L.. Juncus Canadensis........... J. Gay Cyperus dentatus............ Tor. Eleocharis olivacea........... Torr. Carex polytrichoides......... Muh. C. RUCAEMUITCH Slow cvs.0 a's, csek » Schk. C. tentaculata.........-... Muhi. C. lagopodioides.......... Schk. C. intuméscens............ Rudge. Hordeum vulgare............ L. Spartina alterniflora ......... Loisel Danthonia compressa ........ Aust. * Panicum proliferum......... Lam.§ P: SHMOMINALS. .. 2.2... ee di Tricuspis seslerioides .. ..... Tory Equisetum arvense.......... VE NVoodsimoptusa... 3.2... 26% Torr. Pellea atropurpurea ........ Lk. Cladonia papillaria.......... Hoffm Polyporus hirsutus........... Fy.
BP: ASW CALS ci CRIES ISINOD Er.
Ee: RIPE METAS ons oss, os, 05 ou6 Fr. Inpex lactous.-......... ehepe lie: (lavarin aUTea. ©... kk ees Scheff. Thelephora terrestris......... Fr.
ze MACUL co ess olor 6 soe Pers. Stereum ochraceoflavum...... Schw. Puccinia Menthe....... .... Pers. SUCGINVEDA SOLIGA... 2... 5. a5 5 B.-&.G Peronospora alta... . Fekl. Microspheria Vaccinii........ C. &P. Helotium citrinum........... Batsch Triblidium hiascens.... ..... B.éC Hypoxylon concentricum..... Grev. Diatrype quadrata........... Schw Walsa leucostoma............ Fr.
V. WEIGHS ws sc dees cals C.& E Spheerella spleniata...../.... Cid P
New to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus Ficaria.......... EE. Lechea racemulosa. ...... . Me. : PEMUMCOMMAS ore weiss .. Me. Portulaca grandiflora... .. isa 3% ALOR: Braparia INnGica os... ee os L. Ribes Grossularia........ ... 1G Miowiateress.. 2s. sc ses 2s ne’ Walt Kelipta procumbens.......... Mx. Rudbeckia triloba............ Aegis Tecoma radicans............. Juss. Veronica Buxbaumii......... Tenore. Mentha rotundifolia ... (SED NURS Te) Ea (ct: Re ee LE.
Heliotropium Europeum..... L. Rumex maritimus.... ...... L.
IMb oles lranbaley bee ee poeece HAS Gartn. Potamogeton Robbinsii....... Oakes. Spiranthes simplex.......... Gr.
Epipactes helleborine v. viri-
GANS rare. koa siete Im. Hemerocallis fulva........... L. Tripsacum dactyloides....... LL,
Gly ceria Obtusa. : 6% icttianieicse ac Trin.
Muhlenbergia sobolifera..... Trin.
Asplenium Bradleyi.......... Haton.
@ladomiaBoryires sens -ivsteiice Tuckm.
Vaucheria velutina........... Ag.
Agaricus solitarius... ... ... Bull.
A. strobiliformis....... Vitt
A. rhagadiosus........ Er.
A. CAIGICANS) cricheaisiepeiel ¢ Pers
A. VIlESCENS. 2..c¢eysisilaie Ph.
A. compressipes....... Pk.
A. ERUUSALUS spe nreyepetetercie Ellis
A, confluens..... . Pers
iN JH icigois as horas Hick Berk
ING scabrinellus......... 121
A. CUIVIDES ts eyo eeieieeete Er.
Cortinarius subsiccus......... Pk.
C. tophaceus.... .. Fr.
C. pulchrifolius...... Pk.
C. rubrocinereus..... ey
C. WH PINOSUS. so)—ye12 Berk
C. croceoconus... ... Lie.
C. Diy Si ersneres Pk.
C. DASALIS. ime ciepcie epee is
Rinssul slr eilis o5,2)s0 cyber ee di
Cantharellus brevipes ........ Pk.
Pantswleevisiy.jo:.\os «eed B. & C
lee dealbatus 27s -sirieeeiy Berk.
BoletussHrostiie 55 atccacihect « Russ
Bory porus chioneus,......... Fr HOCCOSUS Vachon Er.
eee neglectum,.......... Pk.
Clan ay lar iii ata rj -veyerelicteteso= Berk
Cyphella? cariciiaisjisis;:-Pysiatere Pk.
Hymenula hysteroides........ Pk.
Simblum rubescens.......... Ger.
Physarum mirabile........... wa i
Cribraria argillacea....... a Rens:
Leptothyrium punctiforme... B. é G
L. ryan = Sace
Phoma lineolatum........... Desm.
12 hysteriellum......... TLIO!
PB: JONSIPBRe eeseniees 0's B. & C.
iB Phiytolaccsele: =... B. & (.
Spheropsis ven ee ues hae Pk.
S. cerasina. SRK!
5. abundans. . SBT:
Ss. celastrina......... Pk.
Ss. SeniabusGe. .4 Soa: Pk.
Ss. Smiillacina,, Sey) serevere Ph.
Ss. brunneola.. si eesdarG
Hendersonia abnormalis...... VEN
/ Colutez ........ Po & 6 Cytispora minuta............ Thum Asterosporium betulinum .... Pk.
38 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Coryneum pustulatum........ Ph. Cercospora zebrina.........., Sace. Melanconium cerasinum...... Pk: Smilacis.......... Thum. Synphragmidium effusum.... Pk. c squalidula........ Pk: Gymnosporium variabile...... Pk. C. Sanguinarie...... Pk, Torula aniformis............. Pk. C. altheina... ...... Sace. Gleosporium Hepatice. ..... Pk. Peronospora obducens......., Schr.
ae, salicinum....... Pk. Microstroma leucosporum..... Wiess/. G. Laportee....... Pk. Fusisporium Solani.......... Mart. © Septoria pastinacina.......... Pk. Helvella palustris........ ... Pk. S. increscens. . 2... Pk: Peziza multipuncta.......... Pk, S. Geriss7 Be ey ene re RE DP my corena,. 05). eee Ellis. S. Ostryge Senos Pk. P. floriformis .. ee a S. A CREIS Naty eeepc B. & Br. P. régalis: .. 52.2235 C. & #. Ss. Maresh eh te eae Lev. Pp. lateodisca..: 5; >. eee Pk. S. Wiadhygi vcs Soe eeee Cke. P. subvernalis..: cee Pk, S. lythring. © 220s ete Pk. Patellaria Hamamelidis....... Lk, Ss. Urticn tes ee Sa Desm Helotium pallescens.......... Fr. Ss. atropurpurea........ Pk. Vitigenum. 22 eee De Not. S. hedeomina......... Pk. H. affinissimum........ Pk. 8. coriicola?. oo. occ se Desm Cenangium Viburni.......... Schw. Protomyces fuscus........... Pe Caliciopsis pinea..... _...... Pk. Puccinia Eliisiana............ Thum. Taphrina alnitorqua.......... Tul. Melampsora Hartigii.......... Thum Hysterium gramineum ....... M.& N Cronartium asclepiadeum..... Fr. Nectria dematiosa............ Scho. Roestelia Ellisit............ 5. Pk. Xylaria bulbosa........ ..... Pers fEcidium cimicifugatum.. ... Sehw Hypoxylon Blakei........,... Ge Gs; Stilbum pruinosipes.......... Eze: Eutypa subtecta......+...... , Periconia parasitica.......... Pk. Diatrype nigrospora.......... Pk. Tubercularia Celastri......... Schw. D; strumella. .. 70 jchi. TT, Helicosporium cinereum .. .. Pk, Valsa compta: .: 1:22) ae Tul, Helminthosporium pruni..... Be EG: NV: UEC 2,.'~ , <sia ee Fekl. Alternaria chartarum......... Preuss: V. paucispora.....:. 1... Pk. Macrosporium Meliloti....... Pk. Ae Prunicola”: .22.. eee Pk. Polyactis Streptothrix........ C&EH. VY. TESST al”. 52 5 See eee Vey Pyricularia grisea............ Sace, V3 Carpini. .... 2.) .cas nese Oidium irregulare............ Pk. Vin, Abietis: 2 ee Fr. Ramularia Armoracie........ Fk. V.. > aetocystis... eee Pk.
: Dulcamare........ Pk. Cucurbitaria longitudinalis... Ph. R, Colaatriasg 34 fe py! Spheria pulveracea........., Ehrh R. Mitellse eee tee Pk. pulvisculs,*:; Soa aoe Curr Cercospora Nympheacea C.G&EH. 8. capillifera. 2; son Curr
Je ClOnpaias soe. Pi: Spheerella recutita............ Fr. C. Caulophylli....... Pk. S. conigena ..-. .<aee PE. C. Eupatorii ...) 2°. Pk. s. depressa........... Pk. C, eriseélla,...... 2. Pk.
) PLANTS COLLECTED. Not new to the Herbarium.
Clematis verticillaris......... LSC, Malva rotundifolia........... L. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus.. J. Vitis pativalis.°..-2.. Zane Mr. Nuphar advena.............. Ait, Acer Pennsylvanicum........ L. : N Untea 0633 Ee Sm. Rubus odoratus............. L. Nymphea odorata,..... ..... Ait. R. WHORE. oc. ee Ait. Cardamine hirsuta,........... ili Rosa Carolina.............c0. L. Sisymbrium officinale........ Scop. R;-~ lucida: 233). 5.2 .. Lepidium ruderale........... L, Ribes rotundifolium..... .... Mz. Raphanus sativus............ L. R. prostration’? <-> J59.0 00 LT’ Her.
Strate MuseuM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 39
Epilobium angustifolium..... L. E. coloratum......... Muni. ATHIIARHISPIGA,.... 0... a vleeee Mz. Sambucus pubens............ Mz. Wiburnumnudum........2.%. I; Aster corymbosus............ Ait. As POTGIKOMUS. .~ sicsts Vs! Ti A. multiflorus............. Ad. A, Mradescantis. ..ij0.c0- L. A. longifolius............. Lam A. PUUBICEIIE)« « <.o,0 2 ccs asics 1G} A. HeumMINAtUs. 1/206. Mx. Solidago latifolia............. L. Ss. 3/2120) 31 Ait. Bidens connata,.............-- Muhl. B. EEBUAD TE ee rember ae L. Artemisia Canadensis ........ Mz. Lactuca sanguinea........... Bigel Campanula rotundifolia...... Ji Plantago major. ...........4-- L. Verbascum Blattaria. ....... LT. Mimulus ringens....... wee es Mentha piperita.............. L. M. eAMACENAISY,\ss:- sec LT. Lycopus Virginicus.......... L. Scutellaria lateriflora........ L. HMehmmivuleare. 5... sie. DL. Origanum vulgare............ L. Polygonum amphibium....... I. Euphorbia maculata.......... Dy, E. pete Seven L. Humulus Lupulus............ L. PRA IAIUR GEA cst s 50a-e a oa visi, oS « Ibe Taxus Canadensis.... ....... Willd. Sparganium simplex ......... Huds. Potamogeton Claytonii........ Tuck. amplifolius...... Tueckm. 12 gramineus...... Ti P. Hens. ees: . sc LI. jee pusilas sh o:2..3. Es: Sagittaria variabilis ......... Eingelm. Lilium Philadelphicum....... L. MINIGUSELEMUIS: ce \f-)-\e ses)’ ote Willd. GATreSesWPAta:. .n.is liste vee td Muhl. C. RHOUIMLATA - ps a -;-'ss.sxetnere's LT. C. COM AULIAI = 3, <scletelia ciclo! sie Schk. Cc. THC Se aa boeee are Schio. C. SSURARINENOD 2. 3. Sos «aw a1 Schk. C. PAYEE ets scl cere c.a/= isan Sch. C. OLIM OBA are cmieeven 3 Dew. C. WAMGR COIS «2 <¥ i= ex02)</ n° Muh. C. (HAIG OE) arcades cee aa Oa Mx. C. WAMU OTA: os ista: a. Sass Inn's Lam. C. G2 SIERO SGA Mn. MC MMRERP LADY BU iy che! <a ye sian! 2s. e0)5 L. C. HONTACUIALA..., <2... 2106. <,°,« Muhl C. oligosperma............ Mz. WieersiaeV ire inice. ... 6... 2 Willd. L. GRYZDIGOH t's issp oe. ss Swartz. Agrostis perennans........... Tuckm A. BERIT te Sivee oes <aiiel eee Willd A SE CDLSCET Gs a" </s1ers whe inic,sre.s With A. BROEDe sterate'cic guts wiapiee e's Te
Muhlenbergia Mexicana...... Trin. Byl vated... a5. a= + < els tT. & &
Dactylis glomerata.........-- L. Eatonia obtusata........ 0.6. Gr.
E. Pennsylvanica......... Gr. Glyceria Canadensis........-- Trin. Ge MOT VALAS vei sc steels Trin. G. PANES. Coe ea eens nid Trin. G. FUUIMLADA Secetscsyoiss wats) easy R. Br. G. ACUULOLA sarctieis’ et owohe se) 21 Torr. PoavSeno ven avstetere-1-tteltenedete/et si Ehrh, IE pratensis. .........--+: L. -P: Gy GEuas boeecononcot prairie. Festuca elation... -. 5.0. ..s0 L.
Lie TUN GATIS ccoyepstscr eam oleic ote lel= Willd Triticum repens........-- ««- L. Elymus Canadensis..... ...-- io Anthoxanthum odoratum..... L. Phalaris arundinacea......... L. Panicum agrostoides ......... Spreng. 12h dichotomum... eee ¥3
12 depauperatum..... . Muh. Setiariaeviridis 2a Gisele iia Beau. Equisetum limosum ....... ante FH
E. AVVVAGIGIIN S22. c15 5.2! Ti Pterisi aq aula. <5. cielo aya L. Asplenium Filixfoemina ...... Bernh Phegopteris polypodioides... Fee
P: hexagonoptera......... Fee. Aspidium Noveboracense..... Sw.
A: EVIE nb biline cep ao onroc Sw.
New to the Herbarium.
(Onan OFT Ml ay a ako ann Oa cer L. Potamogeton rufescens....... Schrad Chien UNTO as per opdn.a06 Soe Boott C. glaucodes....... 0+ sess Tuckm Triticum violaceum........-. Hornem Witella opmes are aici aps teers Ag.
N. They CNS (GUE) A ROriGb oF CBr Nowdst Agaricus ornellus............ Pi Hygrophorus limacinus....... Er. Polyporus croceus..........-- Fr.
126 TIT OSURU ele area nies Pk.
P: semipileatus..........- Pk. Irpex viticola.......8. 02 -s5/-" C. & P Pterula densissima.........-. B. &C. Tremella subochracea......... Pk.
ie: QPisal macs cto cinais sala ate B. & Br Grandinia crustosa........... Fr. Hymenula vulgaris..... ..... Fr. Arcyria macrospora..........- Pk. Cribraria dictydioides..... Cke. & Balt Hendersonia Cydonie......... C. & H. Phyllosticta Sambuci......... Desm Py Grossularicetacye, 3p oe re Sace. ey INIGHIEES heater aie toscana Pk. Septoria Galeopsidis... ...... West. S. Ehydrocotyles2: <<... Desm S. NA bees Meee Seer Reereneee West
8. Cucurbitacearum........ Sacc
S. GOVY Lirictet ye eta olasin ict et etait Pk.
Ss hetulicola. Myers oe Pk.
40 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Septoria microsperma......... Pk. Ramularia rufomaculans...... Pk. S. Piles fol. sac os eee Thum. R. sambucina.~. tc) ieeee Pk. Septogleum Apocyni......... Pk. R. Impatientis: .. . . ...<seee Phe: Vermicularia circinans........ Berk. R. Rud beckil 2... 2. Sameer aes Pk. Morthiera Thumenii.......... Cke. Monilia Harknessii........... Pk. Pestalozzia Stevensonii....... Pk. Colletotrichum lineola........ Cd. Puccinia Thalictri: 222: 2428" Chev. Sporocybe nigriceps.......... Pi: P Cirsil . 3 seas wee aN Lasch. Macrosporium concinnum..... Berk. ig smn plex! if) ores Sen Ree Had Helminthosporium Tilizw ...... Fr. Protomyces polysporus. ...... Pk. He inconspicuum.......... C. & #. Reestelia penicillata.........:. Rabh. 4H. arbusculoides.......... Pk. Aspergillus pheocephalus..... D. & MH. septemseptatum... .... Pk. A: clavellussie (5 atic meer Pk. Zygodesmus bicolor .......... C. & E. Fusisporium tenuissimum..... Pk. Rhinotrichum subalutaceum... P&. Diplocladium minus...... ... Bon. Periconia spherophila ........ Pk. Verticillium candidum........ Pk. Graphium gracile............. Pk. Septocylindrium Ranunculi... Pk. Peziza hydrophila. 4. 0.. .22 Pk. Cercosporella reticulata....... Pk. e. fusarloides):..\ eee Berk. Cercospora clavata............ Ger. Pp. ALLAtA\... bi.delee oietare ee FY. C. venturioides...........: PR. Pp; balsamicola:....- - oar Pk. C. Boehmerie.. .. 213... 2 005 PMG. Hypoxylon marginatum....... Sch. C. Wealy pha: «'. ov e705 fe Pk. Diatrypella angulata.......... Fr. C. CIFCUMSCISSA cc ses feos Sacce. Dothidea melanoplaca......... Desm. C. beticolas:..202 BPO Sace. Valsa myinda. ..:.....:ieGenene C. & £. C. Wiley ess 7) 2OES .... Sacc. Lophiostoma angustilabrum... B. & Br C. depazeoides............ Sace. Meliola balsamicola..........- Pk. Ramularia Spiree............ Pk. Spherella Leersie .... ....... Pass. .) CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIRUTIONS.
Julia S. Hoag, Albany, New York. Euthora cristata: ).=..../.2.. Ag. Delesseria alata..... ....... Lamour Pinlofasserrata ys)... 0c scc0 se Harv.
Professor J. Hall, Albany, New York. Polyporus squamosus........ Fr. | R Professor J. S. St. John, Albany, New York, Thalictrum anemonoides..... Mz. .| Nelumbium luteum......... Willd. Professor A. N. Prentiss, Ithaca, New York.
Geaster mammosus........... Chev. | Helicomyces mirabilis ....... Pk. Stemonitis Morgani.......... Pk. | Peziza.aurelia:.\c... ...2 s.pete Pers. Arcyria macrospora .......... Pk. | Diatrype punctulata......... BEéR Lamproderma iridea......... Che. | Zasmidium cellare. ... ..... Pers.
Isaac Coles, Glen Cove, New York. Triosteum angustifolium,.... LL. Trillium er. var. declinatum.. Gr. Galiimeverum ©). 2 '..) nde tteee LL,
EK. C. Howe, M. D., Yonkers, New York. Carex Ballivantiis. .:.). ci. os Boott. | Polypogon Monspeliensis.... Desf. W. R. Gerard, New York City, New York. ; AKcidium pedatatum......... Schw. | I, ©. Martindale, Camden, New Jersey.
Quercus heterophylla,....... Mz. |
W. Barbeck, Philadelphia, Pa.
Chondrioderma floriforme.... Bull. | Cribraria dictydioides ... Che. & Balf |
Physarum leucopheum....... Fr.
‘
Srate Museum or NaturRAL HIstTory . 41
C. J. Sprague, Boston, Mass.
Hirneola Auricula—Jude..... Berk: "|
E. W. Holway, Decorah, Iowa. AXcidium Periclymeni........ DC. Afcidium Xanthoxyli........ Pk.
Mibescens’, 23.52... Grev. J. B. Ellis, Newfield, N. J.
Sporidesmium Rauii.......... Ellis. | Helicosporium auratum....... Ellis. Cercospora graphioides....... Ellis. Lele thysanophorum #, & H. Menispora glauconigra....... 0. & EH. | Gonytrichum subroseum...... Hillis. Dendryphium Harknessii..... Hilis. Arthrosporium compositum... Hilis. Penicillium repens .......... O. & H. | Ascomyces anomalus......... H. & H. Zygodesmus bicolor.......... C.& E.
Rev. H. Wibbe, Oswego, N. Y. Coreopsis discoidea... ....... T. & G. | Eleocharis quadrangulata..... B. Br. Lamium maculatum.......... L.
Geo. Martin, M. D., Westchester, Pa.
Agaricus laccatus............ Scop. Stereum complicatum ....... Fr. A. subochraceus........ Pk. Peridermiumy Pink. =. oc. <= 21-1. Chev A. Aapineus. 65.66.5068 Fr. Uromyces Martinii..... ..... - Har. Lenzites sepiaria....... ..... Fr; Cryptosporium acicolum...... Zum. Trametes hydnoides.......... Fr. Meliola amphitricha.......... Fr. Polyporus sanguineus........ Fr. -Capnodium elongatum ....... B. & D. J. D. Trask, M. D., Astoria, N. Y. Agaricus spectabilis........... Fr. H. W. Harkness, M. D., Sacramento, Cal Daedalex yorax.......:...5.. Hark. | Coniothecium irregulare...... Pk. Monthia Hilllisti.... 22... 5: . Hark. Zygodesmus granulosus...... Pk. Helicosporium Mulleri ....... Cd. ZL. aéreraber’..s.c. <>, ene Rhinotrichum repens......... Preuss. | Patellaria indigotica...... ... 0. & P. Tricheoum atrom: .!....5.... Preuss. | Hypoxylon discretum......... Schw. Prof. W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Mass. Podisoma macropus.......... Sch. Gymnosporangium biseptatum Hilis. , clavarizforme...... D.C. Basidiospora entospora.. ..... Cornu. PS fusctad...... babu) Duby.
(4) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
Triosteum angustifolium, Z. Manhasset and Glen Cove, Long Island. J. Coles.
Coreopsis discoidea, 7. & G. Borders of Lily pond near Oswego. Rev. J. H. Wibbe.
Lamium maculatum, Z. Roadsides west of Oswego. Wibbe.
Potamogeton rufescens, Schrad. Edmonds ponds, Adirondack mountains. July. A few plants were found growing in water one to two feet deep, but most of them grow where it was three or four feet deep. In the latter the leaves are more distant than in the former. A few of the lower ones are obtuse, the others are acute, They are
[Assem Doe, 127. ] 6
42 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAE REPORT OF THE
brownish-green in color and have two or three faint veins each side of the midrib. These are connected by transverse veinlets. The stems were not at all branched but in some instances they had sent out runners from the base and had thus given rise tonew plants. Neither petiolate nor floating leaves were seen. ‘The dry fruit has a deep impression or pit on each side. This is Potamogeton obrutus, Wood.
Eleocharis quadrangulata, R. Br. ‘* Paddy lake,” South Scriba, Oswego county. Wibbe. This isa rare plant. In the Manual the outlet of Oneida lake is given as a station for it and in the Beck Herbarium a specimen is labeled N. Salem pond, Westchester county.
Carex adusta, Boott. Rocky woods, Stissing mountain, Dutchess county. June. In some of the specimens all the spikes were sterile.
Carex glaucodea, Tuckm. Stissing mountain. June.
Carex Sullivantii, Boott. Yonkers. #. C. Howe. Dr. Howe in- forms me that he regards this plant as a hybrid between C. pubescens and C. arctata.
Polypogon Monspeliensis, Desf. Yonkers. Howe.
Triticum violaceum, Hornem. Rocky places and mountain preci-. pices. Stissing mountain and Adirondack mountains. Juneand July I have seen no specimens with purplish or violet-tinged spikes. The lower sheaths are sometimes slightly hairy or downy. The awns ray in length and when long they sometimes curve outward.
Nitella Jopaca, Ag. Edmonds ponds. July. The Specimens are referred to this species because of their dicecious character. Their general appearance is remarkably like that of NV. flexilis. But few fertile plants were seen.
Nitella intermedia, Nordst. Sandy shore of Lake Sanford, Adiron- dack mountains. Aug. The specimens are small but apparently belong to this species.
Agaricus spectabilis, Hr. Long Island. J. D. Trask.
Agaricus (Hypholoma) ornellus, 7. sp. Pileus convex or nearly plane, slightly squamose, reddish- brown tinged with purple, the margin paler, floccose-appendiculate ; lamellae moderately close, yellowish or pallid, becoming brown; stem equal or slightly thickuned upward, solid, squamulose, pale-yellow, sometimes expanded at the base into a brownish disk margined with yellowish filaments; spores brown, elliptical, .00025 in. to .0003 in. long, .00016 in. to .0002. in, broad. Plant 1 in. to 2 in. high, pileus about 1 in. broad, stem I line to 1.5 linesthick. Decaying wood. South Ballston, Saratoga county. Oct. The scales of the pileus are sometimes arranged in concentric circles. The purplish tint is not always uniform but in some instances forms spots or patches.
Hygrophorus limacinus, /r. Thin woods and open places. North Greenbush. Oct.
-Polyporus croceus, /r. Decaying oak wood, Catskill mountains. Aug.
Polyporus undosus, 7. sp. Effuso-reflexed, carnose-fibrous, soft but rather tough; pileus thin, undulate, narrow, rugose-tomentose, ob- scurely sulcate-zonate, whitish or alutaceous ; pores long, medium size, unequal, angular, white, the dissepiments ‘shin, dentate, in oblique situations elongate, lacerate ; mycelium white. Decaying trunks of
State Musrtum oF NATURAL History. 43
hemlock, Abies Canadensis. Catskill mountains. Aug. This Poly- porus is apparently related to P. destructor. It is often entirely resupinate. ‘The pileus is narrow, scarcely exceeding half an inch in bréadth, but it is frequently two or three inches long. It is generally distinctly wavy or almost complicate after the manner of Sterewm complicatum. The substance is soft when fresh but becomes hard in drying. The pores are much longer than the thickness of the pileus which is at first slightly fibrillose-tomentose.
Polyporus semipileatus, 2. sp. Suborbicular, narrowly reflexed above, subvillose, whitish or alutaceous; pores short, minute, rotund, white, with thin acute dissepiments. Bark of dead maple, Acer spicatum. Catskill mountains. Aug. Related to P. semisupinus, B.& C. The effused or resupinate part of the fungus is usually about one inch in diameter. ‘The pileus or reflexed part is scarcely half an inch broad. The pores are so minute that they are scarcely visible to the naked eye. Both this and the preceding species belong to the section Anodermei.
Irpex viticola, C. @ P. n. sp. Resupinate, suborbicular or con- fluent in long patches, the margin usually definite and slightly reflexed, subcinereous ; teeth compressed, subincised, acute or obtuse, whitish or pallid. Dead grape vines. North Greenbush. July.
Grandinia crustosa, Fr. Decaying wood and bark. Helderberg mountains. Novy.
Pterula densissima, B. & C. Decaying wood. Helderberg moun- tains. Nov.
Tremella epigea, B. @ Br. Catskill mountains. The habitat of this species is the ground, but our specimens were growing on the hymenium of and old Polyporus near the ground.
Tremella subochracea, 7. sp. Small, two to four lines in diameter, forming interrupted or anastomosing lines or patches, gyrose-plicate, pale-ochraceous, becoming darker in drying ; spores oblong or oblong- pyriform, slightly curved at the small end, colorless, .0004 in. to. .0005 in. long, .00016 in. to .0002in. broad. Decorticated wood of poplar, Populus monilifera. Albany. Sept. A peculiar feature of this species is its tendency to grow in lines which run together in a reticu- late manner. ‘The color is a dingy-yellow or subochraceous.
Hymenula vulgaris, /r. Dead stems of herbs. Albany. Sept.
Geaster mammosus, Chev. Ithaca. Prof. A. N. Prentiss.
Stemonitis Morgani, PX. Decaying wood. Ithaca. Prentiss.
Lamproderma arcyrioides var. iridea, Cke. Decaying wood. Ithaca. Prentiss.
Arcyria macrospora, 7. sp. Sporangia short, oval or ovate-oblong, crowded, stipitate, the persistent basal part smooth or finely striate; stem short, reddish-brown or chestnut color; capillitium and mass of spores red, the filaments .0002 in. to .0003 in. thick, rough with numerous spines and spiny bands; spores large, globose, nearly smooth, .0004 in. to .0005 in. in diameter. Decaying wood. Ithaca. Prentiss. Copake. Oct. The large size of the spores in this fungus induces me to separate it from A. puwnicews which it closely resembles. When viewed with a glass of high power the spores appear minutely rough.
Cribraria dictydioides, Che @ Balf. Decaying wood. Adirondack
44 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
mountains. Aug. This fungus differs but slightly from Cribraria tenella. The persistent cup or basal part of the sporangium in that species is entirely wanting in this, hence its resemblance to species of Dictydium. This character appears to be constant, but should it fail this fungus could scarcly be regarded as any thing more than a variety of C. tenella. When this report was written this fungus was deemed an unpublished species. Prof. Wm. Barbeck, then of Philadelphia, had detected it, pointed out its distinctive character, and given it the name Cribruria dictydioides, but before its publication it was distrib- uted in Cooke and Ravenel’s Fungi Americani Exsiccati under the name, which, owing to the delay in the publication of the report and to avoid synonymy, I am permitted to here insert.
Hendersonia Cydoniw, C. & #. Living leaves of pear, crab-apple and apple. Catskill mountains and Sandlake. Aug. and Sept.
Phyllosticta Sambuci, Desm. Living or languishing elder leaves. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Phyllosticta Grossulariz, Sacc. Living leaves of red currant. Sand lake. Sept.
Phyllosticta Nese, 2. sp. Spots suborbicular, scattered or some- what confluent, pale-rufous; perithecia hypophyllous, numerous, very minute; spores oblong, straight or slightly curved, colorless, .0003 in. to .0004 in. long, about .0001 in. broad. Living leaves of swamp loose- stripe, Neswa verticillata. South Ballston. Sept.
Septoria Galeopsidis, West. Living leaves of hemp-nettle, Galeopsis Tetrahit. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Septoria Hydrocotyles, Desm. Living leaves of water pennywort, Hydrocotyle Americana. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Septoria Viole, West. Living leaves of violets. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Septoria Cucurbitacearum, Sacc. Living pumpkin leaves. Cat- skill mountains. Ang. ;
Septoria corylina, 2. sp. Spots suborbicular. scattered, brown or reddish-brown, with a darker margin; perithecia few, epiphyllous, minute, blackish-brown, opening widely when moist; spores filiform, curved, colorless, .0015 in. to .0018 in. long. Living leaves of hazel- nut, Corylus rostrata. Millerton. June. The spots are usually one and a half to three lines broad. They are darker on the lower than on the upper surface.
Septoria betulicola, 2. sp. Spots small, often large by confluence, angular, reddish-brown above, paler below: perithecia hypophyllous, very minute, blackish; spores filiform, curved, colorless, .0012 in. to 0018 in. long. Living leaves of birch, Betula lutea, Catskill moun- tains. Aug. This is distinct from S. Betulw, both in the color and character of the spots and in the length of the spores. The perithecia are so minute that they are scarcely distinguishable by the naked eye. In variety marginalis the spots are marginal and confluent.
Septoria microsperma, m. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 3-5.) Spots indefinite, brown, sometimes confluent, perithecia hypophyllous, numerous, small, irregular, brown, wrinkled when dry, rupturing irregularly ; spores allantoid, colorless, .00035 in. to .0005 in. long. Fading leaves of birch, Betula lenta. ‘Knowersville. Oct. The leaves bearing the fungus
State Museum or NATURAL HISTORY. 45
had assumed their autumnal tints, but in some instances the green color had been retained about the margin of the spots.
Septoria Pile, Thum. Spots small, scarcely one line in diameter, scattered, angular or suborbicular, definite, whitish, perithecia few, one to four, epiphyllous, minute, brown or blackish-brown ; spores fili- form, colorless, .0009 in. to 0015 .in. long, about .00008 in. thick. Living leaves of the stingless nettle, Pilea pumila. Sandlake. Sept. The spots are numerous but very small and the perithecia are scarcely visible to the naked eye. On the lower surface the spots are sometimes tinged with red or reddish-brown,
Septogleeum Apocyni, ”. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 1-2.) Spots few, large, irregular, brown or blackish- brown ; nuclei few ; ; spores large, ‘subey- lindrical, rounded at the ends, colorless, .OO16 in. to .002 in. long, .0003 in. to .0004 in. broad, three to seven-septate, each cell nucleate. Living leaves of Indian hemp, Apocynum cannabinum. North Greenbush. Sept. The spots at length become thick, brittle and almost black. The surrounding tissue fades to a yellowish hue. The septa of the spores are not always distinct but the nuclei in all the specimens examined are plainly visible.
Vermicularia circinans, Berk. Surface of onions. Albany. Jan.
Morthiera Thumenii, Cke. Living leaves of thornbush, Cratequs coccinea. Sandlake. Sept. ‘The specimens have the spores of this species but the perithecia are few and scattered as in A/. Mespili.
Pestalozzia Stevensonii, Pk. (P. strobilicola, Speg.) Cone scales of Norway spruce.- Abies excelsa. Albany. September.
Puccinia Thalictri, Chev. Living leaves of tall meadow rue, TVhalic- trum Cornuti, and early meadow rue, Thalictrum dioicum. Albany and Center. The spores of this species are scarcely distinguishable from those of P. Anemones to which species I formerly referred our specimens.
Puccinia Cirsii, Lasch. Living leaves of thistles, Cirsium lanceolatwm. Knowersyille. October.
Puccinia simplex, x. sp. Spots small, orbicular, scattered, brown or grayish-brown, with a purplish margin ; sori hypophyllous, hemi- spherical or depressed, compact, central, one on a spot, dark-brown ; spores fragile, ohlong-clavate, slightly constricted at the septum, pale- brown, .0016 in. to .002 in. long, .0004 in. to .0005 in. broad; pedicel very short. Living leaves apparently of some species of Geum. Albany. Sept. Though the spots are numerous, it is seldom that more than one sorus occurs on a single spot.
Protomyces polysporus, 2. sy. Spots orbicular, thickened, generally convex on the upper surface, concave on the lower, pale-green or yel- lowish-green, becoming brown when old, two to four lines broad ; ; Spores numerous, crowded, globose or subglobose, subhyaline, or slightly tinged with green, 0005 in. to .0006 in. in diameter. Living leaves of the great ragweed, Ambrosia trifida. Albany. September. Leaves spot- ted by this fungus may be found from June till the close of the season. Usually the upper surface of the spot is convex and the lower concave, but sometimes this order is reversed. Tate in the season many of the spots are found to have assumed a brown or blackish-brown color. The spores are generally globose, but from their crowded mode of
46 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
growth some of them appear to be pressed into a somewhat angular ovate or broadly elliptical shape. The host plant does not suffer ma- terially from the attacks of the fungus, the affected ones growing as large as the unaffected and their leaves retaining their ordinary green color except in the affected spots. Occasionally a Peronospora is found on the spots, an indication, perhaps, that the supposed Protomyces spores may be after all only the resting spores (oospores) of a Peronos- pora.
Reestelia penicillata, Rabh. eaves and unripe fruit of the shad bush, Amelanchier Canadensis. Highlands. June.
‘Keidium pedatatum, Schw. Living leaves of violet, Viola pedata. New Dorp, Staten Island. W. R. Gerard.
Helicomyces mirabilis, x. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 6-10.) Forming dense tufts or irregular whitish patches one line or more in diameter ; flocci slender, branched, colorless, the fertile ones sometimes coiled and slightly thickened near the spore ; spores abundant, large, spirally or irregularly coiled in two or more yolutions, multiseptate, the cells about as broad as long, either filled with a granular endochrome or containing a single large nucleus ; coils .0016 in. to .0025 in. in diame- ter ; spores .0005 in. to .0006 in. broad. Old corn cobs lying in water. Ithaca. Prentiss. The tufts or masses occur mainly on the erect scales of the cob. In the dry state they are rather firm and compact. The septa of the spores are variable in number, ranging from six to sixteen or more. Unlike typical Helicomyces, this species has the threads long and well-developed.
Septocylindrium Ranunculi, ». sp. Spots oblong or irregular, brown ; flocci hypophyllous, very short ; spores oblong or subcylindri- cal, usually narrowed in the middle, obtuse, colorless, simple or one to three-septate, .0008 in. to .0016 in. long. Living leaves of buttereups, Ranunculus acris. Sandlake. Sept. This species is ambiguous be- tween Cylindrium and Septocylindrium. Many of the spores are sim- ple, others are obscurely uniseptate and others still show three septa. Possibly the simple spores are immature, and on this supposition I have referred the species to Septocylindrium ; otherwise this fungus would obliterate the distinction between Cylindrium and Septocylin- drium.
Ramularia Spiree, x. sp. Spots indefinite, scattered or confluent, brown or blackish-brown ; spores hypophyllous, concatenate, oblong or cylindrical, colorless, variable in length, .0003 in. to .001 in, long, .00012 in. to .00016 in. broad, generally with a minute nucleus near each end. Living leaves of nine-bark, Spire@a opulifolia. Albany. Sept. ‘The strings of spores are well-developed, and in some instances branched.
Ramularia rufomaculans, 7. sp. Spots numerous, often confluent and occupying nearly the whole leaf, dull-red ; flocci very short, hy- pophyllous tufted; spores concatenate, variable, elliptical oblong or cylindrical, colorless, .0003 in. to .0006 in. long, .00012 in, to .00016 broad. Living leaves of Polygonum amphibium vay. terrestre. Al- bany. Sept. The chains of spores are sometimes brauched. The species is closely related to R. Bistorte, from which it is separated be- cause of the different character of the spots and the different and varia- ble character of the spores. Sometimes the spots have a paler or
STATE Museum oF NATURAL HISTORY. 44
greenish-yellow margin. When very confluent the leaf at a little dis- tance presents the general dingy red hue of the spots.
RamuJaria sambucina, 2. sp. Spots small, orbicular, scattered, pallid or reddish-brown, surrounded by a blackish-brown border ; flocci hy- pophyllous, tufted, short, irregular above, colorless ; spores oblong or subcylindrical, slightly narrowed at the extremities, colorless, .0009 in. to .0013 in. long, .0002 in. to .00025 in. broad, sometimes concatenate, rarely uniseptate. Living leaves of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Catskill mountains. Ang.
Ramularia Impatientis, ”. sp. Spots few, suborbicular, reddish- brown, the margin subindeterminate ; spores epiphyllous, oblong, sub- acute, colorless, .0006 in. to .0009 in. long. Living leaves of touch- me-not, Impatiens fulva. Catskill mountains. Aug. This is a very obscure fungus, scarcely visible to the naked eye. The flocci and spores are generally more abundant near the margin of the spot, but this is not always well defined.
Ramularia Rudbeckii, 7. sp. Spots variable in size, frequently con- fluent, angular, included by the veintets, brown; flocci hypophyllous, tufted, short ; spores subcylindrical, rounded at the ends, colorless, .0012 in. to .002 in. long, sometimes concatenate and obscurely septate. Living leaves of the cut-leaved cone-flower, Rudbeckia laciniata. Catskill mountains. Aug. ‘The flocci are even shorter than the spores.
Cercosporella reticulata, 7. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 14-16.) Spots large, irregular, brown ; flocci amphigenous, short, tufted, nearly colorless ; spores numerous, very variable in length, bacillary or subcylindrical, colorless, .0016 in. to .0045 in. long, .00025 in. to .0003 in. broad, with three to seven septa. Living leaves of the tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. Catskill mountains. Aug. ‘The large spots sometimes occupy nearly half of the leaf. They are dry and brittle. The pure white color of the fungus contrasts beautifully with the dark brown color of the spots. The spores are usually more abundant along the veinlets than elsewhere, and they thus give a reticulate appearance to the spot. Ihave referred the species to the genus Cercosporella, be- tween which and Cercospora there appears to be scarcely any differ- ence, except that of color.
Cercospora depazeoides, Sacc. Living leaves of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Sandlake. Sept
Cercospora circumscissa, Sacc. Living leaves of choke cherry, Prunus Virginiana. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Cercospora beticola, Sacc. . Living leaves of beets, Beta vulgaris. Albany. Sept.
Cercospora Violz, Succ. Living leaves of violets. Catskill moun- tains. Aug.
Cercospora venturioides, ». sp. Spots generally large, irregular, sometimes confluent, dark-brown or cinereous with a broad blackish- brown margin ; flocciepiphyllous, tufted, short, subflexnuous, generally one or two-septate, united at the base, colored ; spores cylindrical or bacillary, at length three to five-septate, colorless, .0015 in. to .005 in. long. Living leaves of siikweed, Asclepias Cornuti. Albany. Sept. The spots have a very dark or smoky-brown color which often becomes centrally cinereous on the upper surface. Sometimes there
48 THITRY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
are but one or two on a leaf, in other instances they are so numerous that nearly all the leaf is discolored. he flocci usually occur on the cinereous part of the spot. They are so compactly united in a mass at the base that when viewed through a handglass they appear like some minute species of Venturia. .
Cercospora clavata, Ger. Spots small, numerous, irregular, indefi- nite, often confluent ; flocci hypophyllous, minutely ‘tufted, abundant, short, thick, subflexuous, subnodulose, colored, .OO1 in. to .0015 in long ; spores very unequal i in length, cylindrical or bacillary, slightly colored, .0015 in, to .005 in. long, three to seven-septate. Living leaves of Asclepias incarnata. Albany. Sept. This species is very closely related to the preceding one. The flocci and spores are nearly alike in both, but the external appearance of the two is quite different. In this species the spots are small and numerous and have no cinereous center; the flocci are on the lower surface of the leaf and the tufts are so numerous and crowded that, with the spores, they form a combina: ous velvety stratum. It is Helininthosporium clavatum, Ger.
Cercospora Boehmerie, n. sp. Spots small, numerous, often con- fluent, angular, limited by the veinlets, brownish, sometimes becom- ing arid and orayish ; flocci hypophyllous, tufted, short, subflexuous, colored ; spores subcylindrical or bacillary, generally curved, four or five-septate, colored, .0016 in. to .0035 in. long. Living leaves of the false nettle, Behmeria cylindrica. South Ballston. Sept. The tufts are very numerous but so minute that they are scarcely visible to the naked eye. ‘They are compacily united at the base in a sort of sclerotoid mass as in C. venturioides. The spots, though numerous, are not very conspicuous because of their dull, pale color.
Cercospora Acalyphe, 2. sp. Spots very small, orbicular, arid, whitish with a narrow purplish-brown border; flocci epiphyllous, tufted, subflexuous, septate, colored ; spores slender, bacillary, five to seven-septate, colorless, .002 in. to 003 in. long, .00016 in. broad in the widest part. Living leaves of three-seeded mercury, Acalypha Virginica. Albany. Sept.
Verticillium candidum, 7. sp. (Plate 2, figs. 11-13.) White; fer- tile flocei erect, septate, branched, the branches opposite or verticillate, sometimes with verticillate ramuli ; spores terminal, globose, colorless, 00016 in. to .0002 in. in diameter. Decaying wood and bark in damp secluded places. Helderberg mountains, Oct. and Nov. It forrms more or less extensive thin, white patches. The sterile flocci are usually thicker than the fertile.
Diplocladium minus, Bon. Decaying Agarics and Polypori. Hel- derberg mountains. Nov. It forms dense felty patches of intricate white filaments on the soft decaying substance of the matrix. It is distinguished from Verticilliwm epimyces by its clear white color and uniseptate spores.
Fusisporium tenuissimum, 7”. sp. Tufts superficial, very minute, lax, forming thin subpulyerulent whitish patches; flocci branched, colorless, subconglutinate at the base; spores fusiform, straight or curved, three to five-septate, colorless, .0008 in. to .0016 in. long, .00016 in. to .0002 in. broad, Dead stems of herbs. Schenectady. Sept. The tufts are so minute that they appear to the naked eye like patches
State Museum or NATUARL HISTORY. 49
of mere flocculent dust. The spores are at first short and simple, but
they soon become uniseptate and then longer and mostly triseptate.
oo pheocephalus, D. @ M. “Spanish onions.” Albany. ct.
Aspergillus clavellus, . sp. (Plate %, figs. 1-5.) Sterile flocei creeping, abundant, soft, white; fertile flocci erect, gradually enlarged above into an oblong-elliptical or clavate head; head at first white, then glaucous-green; spores globose or broadly elliptical, smooth, 00016 in. to .0002 in. long. Cooked squash. Albany, Oct. This species, by the clavate apices of the fertile flocci, is related to A. mollis, but that species is white and has the fertile flocci branched and the spores large. In color, our plant resembles A. glaueus, but that has the apices of the fertile floeci globose, and the spores, according to Corda, much Jarger and rough.
Monilia Harknessii, 7. sp. Flocci tufted, slender, tawny, breaking up into elliptical or lemon-shaped spores, .00025 in. to .0004 in. long, about .0002 in. broad. Decaying wood. Helderberg mountains, Nov. This fungus is related to and congeneric with such species as Oidium aureum, O. fuluum and O. pulvinatum, but if the genus Oidium is to be limited to such fungi as grow on living vegetable tissues, as some mycologists hold, then the species just mentioned and the one just described must be referred to the genus Monilia.
Colletotrichum lineola, Cd. Old corn stalks. Chatham, Columbia county. June. Sometimes this fungus isso abundant that the patches surround the whole stem and appear to clothe it with a thin blackish pubescence, though the flocci have a tendency to arrange themselves in parallel lines. It is this tendency apparently which suggested the specific name. The gelatinous subiculum which is said to exist is not at all apparent in our specimens. ‘The spores vary somewhat, being in some instances about equally pointed at both ends, in others they are much more pointed at one end than at the other. Psilonia apalospora, B. & R., and Vermicularia velutina, B. & R., according to my Curtisian and Ravenelian specimens are very closely related to each other and to this species if indeed they are really specifically distinct.
Sporocybe nigriceps, ». sp. (Periconia of some authors.) Plant black, .025 in. to .03 in. high; stem erect, shining, smooth, septate, sometimes with one or two short thick branches at the top; head globose or elliptical ; spores globose, minutely rough, colored, .00025 in. to .00035 in. in diameter. Dead leaves of sedges and carices. Albany and Adirondack mountains. Julyand Aug. ‘l'woforms occur, sometimes growing on the same leaf. In one the head is larger, elliptical in outline and nearly as long as its stem, which has but one or two septa. In the other the head is smaller and nearly or quite globose and the proportionally longer stem has several septa. Sporocybe nigrella is said to inhabit dead leaves of grass, and WS. cholorocephala, dead leaves of carices. I am not acquainted with either species, but as both are described as having smooth spores our plant cannot well be referred to either of them. An unfortunate disagreement exists among European mycologists in the application of the generic names Sporocybe and Periconia. The English mycologists employ the former
[Assem. Doc. No. 127. ] i
50 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
term to designate those species that have simple septate stems, and the latter those that have the stems made up of several compacted or coalescing filaments. This application of these terms is exactly reversed by some of the continental mycologists. We have thought best to follow the English mycologists in our use of these generic names.
Periconia spherophila, 7. sp. (Sporocybe of some authors.) (Plate 2, figs. 17-20.) Stem slender, cylindrical, about .03 in. high, black, growing like a rostrate ostiolum from Spheriaceous perithecia ; spores few, loose, scarcely forming a head, subglobose or broadly elliptical, colored, .0003 in. to .00935 in. long. On perithecia of Spheria mor- bosa. Adirondack mountains. July. This fungus usually occupies patches of perithecia. In the places where it occurs nearly every perithecium supports a fungus, but other parts of the same excresence will be wholly free from it. It is not often that the fungus occupies all the excrescence. Growing, as it does, from the apex of the perithe- cium, it, with its matrix, simulates the appearance of a Ceratostoma- ceous Spheria, the Periconia answering to the rostrate ostiolum. The stems are scarcely half a line high and are composed of densely com- pacted filaments. They are often coated by a pellucid membrane, It is not arare fungus in elevated localities in the Adirondack moun- tains, where Spheria morbosa is plentiful on the wild red cherry, Prw- nus Pennsylvanica. So intimate is its connection with the Spheeria that it is difficult to believe that it is a distinct fungus rather than a second form of development of the Spheria. But the spores are clearly produced at the apex of the pseudo ostiolum just as in Peri- conia and it has therefore seemed to me a distinct fungus, but one of very singular character. I find no frnit of the Spheria in any of the attacked perithecia. It may be that this Periconia is one of nature’s antidotes to the too rapid multiplication of this noxious Spheeria, but before this can be positively affirmed the specimens should be examined in winter or spring when the Spheria matures its spores.
Graphium gracile, 2. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 11-13.) Spots large, ir- regular, reddish-brown ; stems hypophyllous, slender, attenuated up- wards, black or blackish-brown, pale at the tips where the component filaments diverge and are colorless, subnodulose or rarely slightly branched ; spores oblong, colorless, .0005 in. to .001 in. long, .0002 in. to .00025 in. broad. Living leaves of red raspberry, Rudus strigosus. Catskill mountains, Aug. The slender subulate stems of the fungus are so scattered that they are easily overlooked. ‘They are, however, more easily seen because of the whitish tomentum of the leaf through which they grow. The spores fall off easily. ‘They sometimes con- tain a small nucleus near each end.
Macrosporium concinnum, Berk. Dead twigs of striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicum. Catskill mountains. Aug.
Helminthosporium Tiliw, #7. Dead branches of bass wood, Tilia Americana. Helderberg mountains. Noy. This was associated with Ex osporium Tilia, from which it is distinguished by its narrower spores with more numerous septa and by the absence of the hard stroma which belongs to the Exosporium. The tufts in our specimens are almost wholly made up of spores,
—S =
Srar—e Musrum or Narurat Husrory. 51,
Helminthosporium septemseptatum, Px. Cut surface of maple stump. Helderberg mountains. Nov. The young spores are color- less, adhere firmly to the tips of the flocci and are either simple or one to three-septate. When mature they are colored, easily separated from the flocci and six or seven-septate. The species is allied to H. fusis- porum, but in that the spores are described as narrower than the flocci, in our plant they are broader than the flocci.
Helminthosporium inconspicuum, C. @ #, Wiving or languishing leaves of Indian corn. Sandlake and Albany. July and Sept.
Helminthosporium arbusculoides, 2. sp. Flocci rather slender, long, simple, subflexuous, often decumbent at the base, multiseptate, opaque, black, forming extensive blackish patches ; spores terminal, oblong or narrowly elliptical, colored, triseptate, .00065 in. to .00085 in. long, about .0003 in. broad, the terminal cells sometimes paler. Bark of living white birch, Betula populifolia. West Albany. Oct. The species is apparently allied to H. arbuscula, from which it is distin- quished especially by its septate flocci. The articulations are numer- ous, being once or twice as Jong as broad, but owing to the opaque character of the flocci the septa are not always distinctly seen. The decumbent flocci present a very straggling appearance. They form ex- tensive patches which sometimes entirely surround the trunks of small trees, especially near the base.
Zygodesmus bicolor, C. & #. Decaying leaves and fungi. Helder- berg mountains. Noy. The margin is sometimes nearly uniformly colored with the rest of the stratum.
Rhinotrichum subalutaceum, ». sp. Flocci elongated, branched, creeping, intricate, septate, forming brownish-alutaceous tomentose patches, fertile branches commonly short, narrowed and minutely roughened with spicules at the apex; spores globose, colored, minutely roughened or echinulate, .0003 in. to .0004 in, in diameter. Decaying wood. Helderberg mountains. Nov. ‘The fertile branches are generally short and without septa. They are usually abruptly narrowed at the apex and there rough with minute spicules on which the globose spores are borne.
Zasmidium cellare, Pers. Decaying wood in damp shaded places. Ithaca. Prentiss. The specimens are without fruit but apparently belong here.
Peziza (Humaria) hydrophila, ~. sp. Cups scattered, sessile, expanded, nearly plane or: even convex, reddish-brown when moist, black when dry, two to four lines broad; asci cylindrical; spores uniseriate, elliptical, generally binucleate, .0009 in. to .001 in. long, .0006 in. to .0007 in. broad, paraphyses numerous, thickened above, brown, closely compacted and adhering toeach other. Decaying wood lying in water. Adirondack mountains. July. Externally this fungus has the general appearance of some species of Bulgaria, but its softer fleshy substance requires its reference to the genus Peziza. The numerous colored coalescing paraphyses constitute a distinctive feature.
Peziza atrata, /r. Dead stems of herbs. Albany. May.
Peziza fusarioides, Berk. Dead stems of nettles. Albany. June.
Peziza aurelia, Pers. Decaying wood. Ithaca. Prentiss.
Peziza (Tapezia) balsamicola, 7. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 14-21.) Sub-
. 52 Turrry-rourtH ANNUAL Report oF THE
iculum thin, appressed, gray, one to two lines broad, composed of filaments of two kinds, one kind, coarse, branching, septate, blackish- brown, bearing numerous short ramuli,each of which is terminated by a large colored three to four-lobed spore-like body, .0006 in. to .0009 in. long and broad, the other kind, delicate colorless, bearing narrowly fusiform colorless conidia; cups minute, .012 in. to .016 in. broad, sessile, glabrous, immarginate, waxy, whitish, subpellucid; asci enlarged upwards, broad and obtuse at the apex, .0015 in. to .0002 in. long; spores oblanceolate, crowded, .0006 in. to .0008 in. long, .0002 in. to .0003 in. broad, generally three or four-nucleate ; paraphyses filiform.
Living or languishing leaves of balsam fir, Abies balsamea. Stony Clove, Catskill mountains. Aug. The presence of two kinds of filaments in the subiculum suggests the question whether both belong to the Peziza. In a few instances the perithecia of a sphxriaceous fungus were found on the subiculum, and in one case both this fungus and the Peziza were occupying the same patch of filaments. The delicate whitish filaments appear to overrun and adhere to the coarse brown ones as if parasitic on them. This commingling of the two gives the general gray hue tothe subiculum. It is probable that the delicate filaments belong to the Peziza and are parasitic on the other which ‘probably belongs to the following fungus.
Meliola balsamicola, 7. sp. (Plate 1, figs. 22-27.) Perithecia few, gregarious, minute, ovate or subconical, free, black, seated on a small blackisn-brown spot-lke subiculum; asci generally oblong, rarely subcylindrical and elongated; spores mostly crowded or biseriate, rarely uniseriate, uniseptate, colorless, .00035 in. to .00045 in. long, generally two to three-nucleate and one cell a little narrower than the other. Living or languishing leaves of balsam fir, associated with Peziza balsamicola. Catskill mountains. Aug. ‘The subicula on which this fungus occurred were a little darker colored than those which bore the Paziza the whitish filaments being lessabundant. From this it is inferred that the colored filaments are properly the subiculum of the Meliola. JM. ganglifera and some South African species of Asterina are said to have similar bodies on the threads of the subicu- lum. Our fungus does not fully meet the requirements of the genus Meliola, neither is it a good Asterina nor Dimerosporium. It needs further investigation.
Hypoxylon marginatum, Schw. Oak fence posts. Albany. Sept.
Diatrype punctulata, B.& R. White oak wood. Ithaca. Prentiss. The specimens are sterile, but evidently belong to this species, which, though first published as a Hypoxylon, was afterward described as a Diatrype.
Diatrypella angulata, /r. Dead branches of ash and poplar. North Greenbush. Oct.
Valsa myinda, C. & #. Dead branches of maple, Acer spicatum. Knowersville. Oct. 5
Dothidea melanoplaca, Desm, Languishing or dead leaves of white hellebore, Veratrwm viride. Catskill and Adirondack mountains. July and Aug. The specimens are not in fruit; neither has it been found in fertile condition in Europe so far as I am informed. Pos- sibly it perfects its fruit in Winter or early Spring.
Srate Musrum or NarurAt History. 53
Lophiostoma angustilabrum, &.é br. Decorticated sticks. North Greenbush. June.
Spherella Leersiw, Pass. Dead leaves of grass, Leersia oryzoides. North Greenbush. Sept.
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Wz. <A double-flowered form with the stamens transformed into oval greenish petaloid leaflets was de- tected near Coeymans, Albany county. Prof. J. S. St. John.
Nuphar advena, Aid. A variety (near var. variegata) with large partly purplish flowers is not rare in the lakes and sluggish streams of the Adirondack wilderness. ‘lhe flower when pressed open is nearly three inches in diameter. A very noticeable variety occurs in Forked jake, Adirondack mountains, where it was first detected by Prof. P. A. Puissant. It may be characterized thus: Var. hybrida. Sepals six, rarely five, subequal, the three exterior often tinged with red; petals twelve to fourteen, generally thirteen, about as long as the con- tiguous stamens ; stigmatic disk red, umbilicate, ten to thirteen-rayed, the margin slightly crenate ; leaves small, with a paler greenish dash beneath on each side of the midrib, the sinus usually open; petioles flattened on the upper side. This variety grows in water four to eight feet deep in close proximity to a patch of Nuphar lutea var. pumila (N. Kalmiana, Pursh.) In size and character it is intermedi- ate between this and the ordinary form of WV. advena. It is smaller in all its parts than the latter and larger than the former and appears very much as if it might be a hybrid between them. ‘he number of the sepals connects it with WV. advena, but the disk of the stigma allies it more closely with V. Kalmiana. The flowers when outspread are nearly two inches across. When fresh they have an agreeable spicy or aromatic odor. In this respect they differ from our common forms of both species.
Nymphea odorata, Ait. In stony ponds, Adirondack mountains, a small form was found in which the outspread flowers are scarcely two inches in diameter. Also a form in which the outer petals are tinged with pink.
Cardamine hirsuta v. sylvatica, Gr. Thin dry soil covering rocks. _ Edmonds ponds.
Vitis estivalis, Mv. A form with the leaves deeply and angularly five-lobed occurs in Sandlake. ‘The foliage at first sight appears as if it had been eaten, by insects.
Prunus pumila, Z. Sandy shore near the outlet of Long lake, Adirondack mountains; the prostrate trailing form fruiting abun- dantly.
Rais lucida, Hhrh. To this species I refer a very marked form oc- curring on the slopes of Mt. Defiance and near Westport, Essex county. The stems are armed, especially toward the base, with very numerous unequal, bristly prickles, the calyx lobes are scarcely gladular-bristly and the smooth fruit is ovate or elliptical.
Ribes rotundifolium, M/z. Mt. Defiance. A form with leaves mostly about half an inch broad, as if starved and unthrifty, yet fruiting abundantly.
54 Turrty-FourtTH ANNNAL Report OF THE
Myriophyllum tenellum, Bigel. Not uncommon in the Adirondack region. On the miry shores of Mud-pond, a. shallow sheet of water about one mile south-west of Edmonds ponds, it is so plentiful that its peculiar yellowish hue is visible at a long distance. It grows both in and out of water.
Epilobium angustifolium, Z. A form with flowers nearly white, oc- curs occasionally in the Adirondack region. White flowered forms of _ the following species have been observed the past season; Verbascum
Thapsus, Echium vulgare, Mimulus ringens, Scutellaria lateriflora, — -
Origanum vulgare. The last-named plant is very plentiful about Pheenicia, Ulster county, where it monopolizes some of the pastures and hillsides.
Epilobium coloratum, Juhi. A small form with unbranched stems six to ten inches high was observed in the Catskill mountains. It re- sembles #. alpinum, from which it may be distinguished by its acute leaves.
Lythrum alatum, Pursh. Bank of Oswego river opposite Battle Island. Widbbe.
Conioselinum Canadense, 7. & G. Moist cliffs, Catskill mountains.
Galium verum, Z. Glen Cove. Coles.
Aster corymbosus, Aié. In the Catskill mountains three forms oc- cnr which are readily distinguished from each other by the flowers. A small form in open grassy places has a dense corymb of small heads with short broad close rays; a large form in shaded moist places along streams has a loose corymb of larger heads with long narrow dis- tant rays; a third form, intermediate between these two, grows in thin woods and has rays about midway between the other two in length, breadth and relative position. In all the forms the rays sometimes ex- ceed nine in number. The flowers of the large form resemble those of A. macrophyllus, but the involucre is shorter. .
Aster Tradescanti v. fragilis, 7. @ G. (A. fragilis, Willd.) Long lake and Raquette falls, Adirondack mountains. It is one of the earliest flowering Asters of this region, being in flower the latter part of July.
hee longifolius, Lam. A form with the stem leaves broadly lanceolate and strongly serrate in the middle was found at Phoenicia.
Aster acuminatus, Mz. ‘'I'wo well-marked forms occur. In one the leaves are crowded on the upper half of the stem, the lower half being nearly or quite destitute of foliage. In cold, elevated localities, as in the Stony Clove of the Catskills, this form has but few heads; gener- ally from one to six. The other form hasastouter stem, leafy through- out its entire length, and numerous heads of flowers.
Artemisia Canadensis, J/v. Sandy hanks along the railroad near Thurman station, Warren county.
Rudbeckia laciniata, Z. Plentiful in the Catskill mountains, fol- lowing the streams far up toward the Stony Clove.
Lactuca Canadensis v, sanguinea, 7. & G. Fields and cleared places. North Elba. Plants with yellow flowers and those with reddish or orange-colored flowers were associated in the same station.
Campanula rotundifolia, 2. A small form with solitary flowers grows at Edmonds ponds.
Sratzs Mvusrum or Narurat History. 55
Mentha piperita, Z. Along streams at Phoenicia a singular form was observed. Its flowers were in axillary whorls or clusters as in J. sativa, M. Canadensis, etc.; not in terminal spikes as in the ordinary form. This marked variation from the usual mode of inflorescence gives such a peculiaraspect to the plant that it seems worthy of a name and might be called var. inferrupta.
Mentha Canadensis, /. Very variable. The stems are simple or branched; the leaves are ovate or elliptical, tapering at the base or abruptly narrowed, grayish-green or purplish; the flowers may have the stamens all exserted or all included, or some exserted and some in- cluded even on the same plant. Besides, the plant varies from nearly smooth to very hairy.
Lycopus Virginicus, Z. The small few-flowered form (LZ. pumilus, Vahl.) with a thickened tuberous root occurs in the Adirondack re- gion.
Polygonum amphibium v. aguaticum, Willd. Common in still or slow-flowing water of the Adirondack region. The elongated stems creep on the bottom and send up, at intervals, flowering branches which bear the thick, smooth, glossy, floating leaves and the brilliant red spikes of flowers which enliven and beautify the lonely waters of the wilderness. Hach node of the submerged stem gives rise to a cluster of rootlets.
Sparganium simplex y, angustifolium, Gr. The terrestrial form, with shorter, erect leaves, occurs at Edmonds ponds.
Sparganium minimum, Bauwh. Colby pond, Adirondack mountains.
Potamogeton Oakesianus, Lobbins. In the slow-flowing streams
of the Adirondack region there is a slender Potamogeton which I refer to this species. JI have not seen it with mature fruit, its fruiting sea- son being very late, if indeed it matures its fruit at all. Its stem is not at all or only sparingly branched, its floating leaves are very nar- row or even lanceolate, and borne on slender petioles many times longer than the leayes, and the phyllodia or submerged Jeaves are ex- ceedingly long and slender, even capillary. ‘i Potamogeton Claytonii, Twckm. A dwarf form resembling P. lucens Vv. minor, grows on mud in an exsiccated. pond-hole in the Stony Clove. It fruits freely but seldom has any phyllodia. ‘The stems are but a . few inches long and yet they are sometimes much branched. Its ap- pearance is very unlike the ordinary floating forms of the species.
Potamogeton gramineus v. graminifolius, 47. Stony ponds, Adiron- dack mountains. It is sometimes destitute of floating leaves. The var. heterophyllus was collected in Raquette river. This also occurs without floating leaves, as at Westport, and yet fruiting freely.
Potamogeton amplifolius, Zuckm. One of the most common pond- weeds in the Adirondack waters. It is a large, fine-appearing plant and fruits abundantly. Like other species it is more slender in waters with a strong current than in still waters. In such localities the leaves are more diseant and even the spikes elongated and more loosely flowered. In still water the spikes are very compact and the flowers are regularly arranged in six ranks.
Potamogeton lucens, Z. Raquette river. The var minor in the Normanskill near Albany.
Potamogeton pusillus, Z, Both var, vulgaris and var. tenuissimus
56 THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
occur in Lower Saranac lake. In this lake are,also P. amplifolius, P. Claytonii, P. gramineus, P. hybrideus, P. compressus, P. perfolia- tus and P. natans. In the inlet between this lake and Round lake, P. amplifolius, P. Claytonvi and P. gramineus v. heterophyllus abound in a luxuriant growth. Pond-weeds, water-lilies and aquatic plants gene- rally are more abundant in and near the inlets of the lakes of this re- gion than in other parts of the waters. Probably the sediment brought down by the streams and accumulating in the parts of the lakes adja- cent to their inlets affords a soil especially favorable to the production and support of water-plants.
Trillium erectum vy. declinatum, Gr. Long Island. Coles. Some of the flowers are white, others are variously tinged with pink. In one specimen two flowering stems grew from the same rootstock.
Lilium Philadelphicum, Z. This commonly has but one or two flowers on a stem, but in rare instances as many as five flowers occur.
Carex flava, Z. A large form with three or four fertile spikes and the staminate spike, nearly all fertile, was collected at Millerton. The numerous large fertile spikes give the plant an unusual appearance. Sometimes the lowest spike is compound.
Carex triceps, Mz. A form with oblong spikes. Mt. Defiance.
Carex gynandra, Schw. Not rare in the Adirondack region, but passing into C. crinita by such insensible gradations that it is difficult to keep them separate.
Carex scoparia, Schk. Of this species we have three forms. In one, the spikes are arranged in a somewhat racemose manner. This is usually found in dry, sandy soil. In another the spikes are more or less aggregate in a cluster or head. This is the common form usually found in wet places. In the third form, the var. minor, the spikes are small and aggregate. This occurs in the Adirondack moun- tains. ‘The whole plant is smaller than usual.
Carex debilis, Mz. A large, thrifty form is found in the Adirondack region. It hag five fertile spikes, the lowest one usually bearing near its base a branch about an inch in length.
Carex tentaculata, M/uhi. At Edmonds ponds starved specimens occur which have but a single short subglobose fertile spike. They were in company with var. gracilis.
Carex oligosperma, Mz. Stony ponds. A slender form with the fertile spikes but three or four-flowered.
Agrostis scabra, Willd. In thin woods in the Catskills there is asmall leafy form of this grass with green panicles.
Muhlenbergia Mexicana, Trin. A very variable grass. A tall,slen- der, slightly branched variety was found on damp shaded cliffs in Stony Clove. A much branched form with short erect leaves and a rigid aspect occurs on the banks of the Hudson near Albany. Growing with it and scarcely to be distinguished from it, except by the awned flowers, is a very similar form of Muhlenbergia sylvatica.
Glyceria fluitans, &. Br. Edmonds ponds. In this locality the spikelets are short, three to four lines long, and usually about five- flowered.
Setaria viridis, Beawv. A singular form was found at West Albany on the banks of the railroad, ‘he spikes are more slender than usual,
Srare Museum or Narurat History. 57
and the bristles are shorter, stouter and purplish. These give a pur- plish tint to the appearance of the spike whereby this form can be readily distinguished from the ordinary one. The flowers make an approach to a verticillate arrangement toward the base of the spikes after the manner of S. verticillate.
Aspidium fragrans, Sw. This rare fern was found in limited quan- tity on the rocks at Edmonds ponds. This is the second locality in the Adirondacks in which it has been found. Here also, as at Lake Avalanche, it was associated with Woodsia hyperborea, a fern of no common occurrence in our State. Aspidium aculeatum v. Braunti also occurs sparingly in this locality.
Pelleea gracilis, Hook. At Edmonds ponds, about half way up the cascade opposite the Cascade House, is a limited mass of calcite sur- rounded by the ordinary rock of the mountains. The limestone affords a congenial habitat for this dainty little fern and here it grows in great luxuriance and profusion. This mass of calcite appears “to render this limited locality inhabitable by the fern, for I did not find it extending beyond this isolated station which is the only one in the interior moun- tain district in which I have observed this fern.
Phegopteris polypodioides, Fee. A dwarf yet fertile form of this fern with the frond only two or three inches long was found growing in crevices of rocks in the Adirondack mountains.
Cheilanthes vestita, Sw. A second station forthis fern in our State has been found near Poughkeepsie. The one on New York Island is said still to exist but the plants occupy a very limited area.
Agaricus virescens, Pk. (Report 25, p. 74.) The name of this species being preoccupied I would substitute for our plant the name Agaricus viriditinctus.
Polyporus radiatus, /r. One form of this species has the margin yellow, in another form the pileus is uniform in color.
Polyporus Jucidus, #r. Specimens sometimes occur in which there are two distinct strata of pores.
Septoria Rubi, 2. é C, var. alba, Pk. In this variety the spots are small and white, and bear but few perithecia. It occurs on Rubus villosus and R. Canadensis.
Sporocybe Persice, Fr. ‘This fungus should be placed in the genus Spheronema. The spores are produced at the base, not at the apex of the fungus.
Haplographium apiculatum, P%. This species was first found in- habiting an insect gall on leaves of witch hazel, Hamamelis Virginica. It has since been found on the lower surface of the leaves themselves, on dry suborbicular brown spots. The flocci often have two or three swollen nodules in the upper part, from which strings of spores grow. In such cases the strings of spores appear to bein verticils when viewed with a low magnifying power.
Spheria Coryli, Batsch. var. spiralis, Pk. This variety differs from the ordinary form only in having the ostiola spirally coiled in about two volutions. All the ostiola on the perithecia of a host plant are af- fected in the same way, that is, I do not find on any given leaf or leaves of an affected plant some ostiola straight and gome coiled, but all are straight or all are coiled.
[Assem. Doc. 127.]. 8
58 Turrty-FourtTH ANNUAL Report oF THE
Spheeria callista, B. & R. Bark of mountain maple bush, Acer spica- tum. Catskill mountains. This fungus should be referred to the genus Chilonectria. The perithecia, which are seated on a brown to- mentum or subiculum, are blackish and membranous and at length collapse or become saucer-shaped. ‘The asci contain numerous allan- toid hyaline spores, .0003 in. long.
In the preceding pages, names added to the station of a plant in- dicate the collector or contributor. When no name is added the plant was collected by the writer. Dates signify the time when the speci- mens were collected, and indicate, to some extent, the time of the oc- currence of the plant.
Grateful acknowledgments are rendered to those botanists whose names appear in the preceding pages. They have kindly co-operated with me and generously contributed desired specimens.
Respectfully submitted, : CHARLES H. PECK. ALBANY, January 6, 1881.
4 fy ter tach) o TF
, 11ee bya" Miily i Ti) 0) ec, A a bay bt Vise? y ah =o ra ; f
"7 7, era Lape pide OW 0 eas GAs a) |, Or Y/ a NES a eae Ww AL 1h Poe FS] : * re } ei
SSR We DP WT Vs td tag it
Fie. Fie.
Fie. Fig.
ws
il-
ot iE ce wo
—
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PLO!
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
SEPTOGL@uM APpocynt, Pk.
Page 45. A leaf with two spots produced by the fungus.
. Three spores x 400.
SEPTORIA MICROSPERMA, P/ Page 44.
. A leaf bearing three groups of the fungus.
A fragment of a leaf with a perithecium magnified. Four spores x 400.
ASPERGILLUS GLAUCUS, Lk. Page 49. A fragment of Polyporus bearing a patch of the fungus. A young plant magnified. Two mature plants magnified.
. Upper part of a plant with most ‘of the spores removed, more highly
magnified. Four spores x 400.
GRAPHIUM GRACILE, Pk.
Page 50. . Part of a leaf with spots produced by the fungus.
. A fragment of a leaf and four plants magnified.
The upper part of a plant with Spores x 400.
PEZIZA BALSAMICOLA, Ph.
Page 51. : A leaf with the subiculum and three cups of the fungus.
. The same slightly magnified. . Part of one of'the coarse colored threads of the subieulum with its
spore-like bodies x 400.
. Delicate colorless nas of the subiculum with their fusiform conidia
X 400.
. Three conidia x 400,
. A cup magnified.
A paraphysis and two asei containing spores x 400.
. Three spores x 400.
MELIOLA BALSAMICOLA, Pk, Page 52 A leaf with the subiculum and five perithecia of the fungus.
3. The same slightly magnified.
A peritheciunr more highly magnified. Two asci of usual form, with their spores x 400.
. An ascus of unusual form, with its spores, x 400.
Three spores x 400.
Plate 1.
FUNGI.
State Mus Nat.Hist. 34:
A
“J
a.
row Wie? et OTT La ; k mip (epee ot are Bhkvon ’ A Bi, ae 6? Peay | 9 OL Pry aay fo ve 4 \ a... 4 ’ 1 veya (tice ivy eeney) Wh: wertre >, J.) br oth
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5 “< ») ida
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py lireryeorminnite. eee. A I ”
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haere) y ny vere wifi he bev abe af tS vA i iad)
7 Serb sil, hg! ape
a ad aid kaeirs i (OAT poe ies a ich (ih d Laneewce ns ¢ at beocaaiin al rect
- ae ot) tie, 4 ‘ ‘We '
FIG. Fia. Fia.
Fie. Fie.
Fia. Fia. Fia. Fie. Fie.
fie. Fira. Fie.
Fia.
Fia.
Fia.
Fia.
Fia. Fig.
Fia.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
ASPERGILLUS CLAVELLUS, Pk.
Page 49. A tuft of the fungus with its matrix. . Three plants magnified. 3.. Upper part of a plant with most of the spores removed, more highly
magnified.
4. A group of spores x 400. 5. A string of spores with its basidium more highly magnified.
wr
HELICOMYCES MIRABILIS, Pk. Page 46. 6. A piece of a corn cob bearing the fungus. 7. Threads of the fungus x 400. 8. A coiled spore x 400. 9. A spore partly uncoiled x 400. 10. A fragment of a spore x 400.
VERTICILLIUM CANDIDUM, Pk. Page 48, 11. A piece of wood bearing a patch of the fungus. 12. A plant with spores x 400. 13. Six spores x 400.
CERCOSPORELLA RETICULATA, Pk, Page 47. 14. A leaf discolored at the apex by the fungus. 15. A group of flocci x 400. 16. Three spores x 400.
PRRICONIA SPHAROPHILA, Pk. Page 50. 17. A patch of the fungus with its matrix. 18. A plant and the perithecium from which it grows magnified. 19. Upper part of a plant with spores more highly magnified. 20. Six spores x 400.
State Mus Nat.Hist 34. -
Plate 2
”
»
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‘4 ef ath) pred tha wr deat 2), ant tring hry quthel. ap wad) ad Yetit ot of of zy imealrssn sellers we a's ae goa
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4
e
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sat Taner Ld yong tl ileal eg ane pot et: i , 4 : Ob compte sever Ot wT
ys fl
Fic. Fie. Fig.
Fie.
Fic. Fig.
Fic. Fic. Fie.
Fie. Fie.
Fie. Fic. Fie. Fie.
Fic. Fic.
Fie,
10. af
12. 13. 14. 15.
16.
arf
18.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
UstrinaGco Mayoptis, Lev. Page 26.
. Part of the “ tassel” of Indian corn affected by the corn smut. . Part of a cob of corn affected by the corn smut. . Five of the spores x 400.
HELMINTHOSPORIUM INCONSPICUUM, C. & EZ.
Page 28. :
. Part of a leaf of Indian corn with its terminal part discolored and spotted
by the fungus.
. A small fragment bearing six plants moderately magnified. . Three plants bearing spores x 400.
Puccrnta Maynis, Potsch. Page 29.
. Pustules of the fungus on the leaf of Indian corn, . Four pustules of the early state of the fungus. . Vertical sections through two pustules of the fungus, moderately magni-
fied ; the one at the left the early state. Four of the early spores x 400. Three spores x 400,
RAMULARIA FRAGARIA, Pk. Page 30. Part of a leaf spotted by the fungus. A tuft of the fungus bearing four spores x 400. Two separate stems of the fungus, one of them branched, x 400. Four spores x 400.
MUcOR INAQUALIS, Pk. Page 31.
A tuft of the fungus.
A branched and an unbranched stem of the fungus with their spore-cases, moderately magnified ; the one at the left ruptured irregularly and discharging its spores, the one at the right collapsed and the other yet unchanged.
Several spores x 400.
7 o pe 2) yi (Ss =)
Nat.Hist. 34.
State Mus
y 2 2 T2e sey = r iurt i! item neal } es mand ifs 4 j ‘ % Peli) o iw ph | Tila tik we Bo EA ee ’ ; Ne
— ‘ pail | ite i H 4 ¥, * ? il ork) 1 jal f ya UA Fa" *-11 y ay ry £604 iv . , - J ' RP Medd (Fe ' ir } i" i ¥ its (are i pl) Fer 8, er 4 ¢ i a é { i Ta) 2 4) * oie jj Lr Sh = , - sha)
peammaage 1° Th ahs + ‘ { “e i i icy u ppm’ ie RP Oy" 4 _ Kite os Cal > 1 b (aaa y i?
f 7+ on “ar
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
FUusICcLADIUM DENDRITICUM, Wallr. Page 32. Fungus spots on an apple.
- Threads of the fungus x 400. The three lower much elongated, . Twelve spores of various shapes x 400; two still attached to the threads,
PENICILLIUM GLAUCUM, Lk. Page 33. Decayed fungus spot on an apple, with tufts of the fungus iu the center. A small fragment of the apple with seven tufts of the fungus.
. A few plants magnified.
A tuft of the variety coremium magnified. An elongated branched plant magnified,
9. A plant x 400.
Six spores 400.
O1p1UM FRUCTIGENUM, Pers. Page 34.
. Tufts of the fungus on an apple.
A fragment of the apple, with six tufts of the fungus,
. A tuft of the fungus magnified. . Three threads of the fungus bearing strings of spores x 400, 5. Three spores x 400.
SPHAROPSIS MALORUM, Berk, Page 36. Part of the surface of an apple dotted by the fungus.
. A fragment of the apple with a single perithecium bursting through the
epidermis magnified. A perithecium magnified. A vertical section through the center of a perithecium magnified.
. Atuft of spores taken from the perithecium magnified; some of them
’ immature,
Five spores x 400 ; one of them with its pedicel still attached,
ie IPOS GI, See State Mus Nat.Hist 34. Plate
THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM OF NAFURAL HISTORY.
REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
STATE OF NEW YORK.
TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 138, 1882.
ALBANY: WEED, PARSONS AND COMPANY. PRINTERS. 1884.
35 Reg, ( Cr bev ‘ REPORT OF THE BOTANIST. g+ 1
Hon. Davip Murray, LL. D., Secretary of the Board of Regents of the University:
Sir — Since the date of my last report, specimens of two hundred and forty-eight species of plants have been mounted and placed in the State Herbarium, of which ninety-four species were previously unrep- resented therein. The others represent species by improved specimens, or are forms or varieties not before represented. A list of the names ‘is marked (1).
During the past season specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, Greene, Putnam and Rensselaer. These represent one hundred and fifteen species, of which sixty-seven are new to the State and to the Herbarium, and forty are believed to be unpublished. A list of the names of the collected specimens is marked (2).
Among the contributed specimens, only one collected in the State
proves to be new to our flora. A list of the names of contributors -
and their contributions is marked (3).
A record of the species now added to our flora and of the descrip- tions of such as are yet unpublished is marked (4).
A part of the report containing remarks and observations upon various species and a list of the New York Carices at present known is marked (5).
In pursuance of the plan introduced in the Thirty-third Report, in ref- erence to the subgenus Amanita, and for the reasons therein stated, descriptions of all the hitherto known New York species of Agarics belonging to the subgenus Lepiota have been drawn up, and, in many instances, made more complete by the addition of the dimensions and character of the spores. Full remarks concerning the peculiarities, variations and distinctive features of each species are added to its description, and important characters are italicized. A synoptical table is introduced, which is intended to aid in tracing any given species to its name. This monograph of our Lepiote is marked (6).
A table case has been filled with specimens of earth-stars (Geaster), pufi-balls (Lycoperdon and Boyista) and sap-balls (Polyporus) placed
126 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
in paper trays. All of our fleshy and tough or corky species of fungi ought to be exhibited in this manner. Many are too bulky to be mounted entire in the usual manner, and many are in better condition for study and recognition if preserved in their natural shape than if pressed and mounted on herbarium sheets and stacked away in cabi- nets.
(1) PLANTS MOUNTED.
Species not new to the Herbarium.
Clematis verticillaris, DC. Mentha Canadensis, L.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Mz. M. piperita, L. Lycopus Virginicus, L.
Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, L.
Nympheza odorata, Ait. Nuphar advena, Ait.
N. Kalmiana, Ait. Cardamine hirsuta, L. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Raphanus sativus, L. Lepidium ruderale, LZ. Malva rotundifolia, LZ. Vitis estivalis, Mz.
Acer Pennsylvanicum, L. Robinia viscosa. Vent. Rubus odoratus, L.
R. villosus, Ait.
Origanum vulgare, L. Scutellaria lateriflora, L. Echium vulgare, J. Chenopodium album, ZL. Polygonum amphibium, ZL. Euphorbia maculata, L.
EK.
hypericifolia, Z.
Urtica gracilis, Ait.
Humulus Lupulus, Z.
Juglans nigra, L.
Taxus Canadensis, Willd. Sparganium simplex, Huds, Potamogeton Oakesianus, Robbins.
Rosa Carolina, L. BE: Claytonii, Zuckm. R. lucida, Hhrh. es amplifolius, Tuckm. Ribes hirtellum, J/2. P. gramineus, L.
R. prostratum, DL) Her. P. lucens, L. Epilobium angustifolium, Z. lee pusillus, L.
E. coloratum, Muhl. Aralia hispida, Mz. Sambucus pubens, Mz. Viburnum nudum, L. Galium verum, J. Aster corymbosus, Ait, A. cordifolius, L. A. wmultiflorus, Ait. A. Tradescanti, Z. A. longifolius, Lam. A. puniceus,. L. Solidago latifolia, Z.
Sagittaria variabilis, Hngel. Trillium erectum, i: Lilium Philadelphicum, Le Juncus tenuis, Willd.
J.
marginatus, Rost.
Carex lagopodioides, Schk.
cristata, Sch. mirabilis, Dew. scoparia, Schk. straminea, Schh. tenera, Dew. stipata, Muh.
s. stricta, Ait. sparganioides, Muhl. 8. serotina, At. sterilis, Willd, Bidens connata, Mvhl. eynandra, Scho. B. cernua, L. gracillima, Schw.
Artemisia Canadensis, Mz. Lactuca Canadensis, Z. Campanula rotundifolia, LZ. Plantago major, L. Verbascum Blattaria, L. Mimulus ringens, L.
ololololololololololololololol-
formosa, Dew. conoidea, Schk. virescens, Muhl. triceps, Ma. laxiflora, Lam. arctata, Boott.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST.
Carex debilis, Mx.
iG, flava, L.
C. tentaculata, MuAl. C. oligosperma, Mz. Leersia Virginica, Willd.
iE; oryzoides, Sw. Agrostis scabra, Willd.
A. perennans, T'uckm. A. vulgaris, With. Ae alba, EB.
Muhlenbergia sylvatica, 7. and G.
M. Mexicana, Zvrin.
Spartina cynosuroides, Willd.
Dactylis glomerata, L.
Phleum pratense, L.
Festuca elatior, L.
F, nutans, Willd.
Poa alsodes, Gr.
P. serotina, Hhrh.
P. pratensis, L.
Glyceria acutiflora, Torr. fluitans, 2. Br.
G. Canadensis, 77in.
GC: pallida, Trin.
G. nervata, Trin. Eatonia obtusata, G7.
E. Pennsylvanica, Gr. Panicum agrostoides, Spreng. Pe. depauperatum, Muh. iP, dichotomum, Z.
DP: Crus-galli, ii
Phalaris arundinacea, hy Anthoxanthum odoratum, Ib, Elymus Virginicus, L.
Elymus Canadensis, Z. Triticum violaceum, Hornem. lle repens, L. Setaria viridis, Beauv. Phegopteris polypodioides, Fe. P. hexagonoptera, Fee. Aspidium Noveboracense, Sw. aculeatum, Sw. Pteris aquilina, LZ. Equisetum sylvaticum, LZ. E. limosum, Z. Bartramia Marchica, Brid. Coprinus micaceus, 7. Stereum rugosum, 7. 8. sanguinolentum, ie Polyporus pubescens, Fr. P pergamenus, 7. iE ferruginosus, fr Hydnum alutaceum, Pers. Tremella sarcoides, Sm. Ptychogaster albus, Cd. Septoria Rhoidis, L. and C. S. Rubi, B. and C. Haplographium apiculatum, Ph. Ramularia obovata, Weck. Trichoderma viride, Pers. Spheerotheca Castagnei, Lev. Erysiphe lamprocarpa, Lev. Stictis versicolor, /7. Xylaria digitata, Grev. Hypoxylon multiforme, 7. Kutypa spinosa, Tul. Spheeria Coryli, Batsch. 8. callista, B. and R.
Species new to the Herbarium.
Triosteum angustifolium, LZ. Carum Carui, L.
Coreopsis discoidea, 7. and G. Lamium maculatum, Z.
Potamogeton rufescens, Schrad.
Eleocharis quadrangulata, Br. Carex adusta, Boott.
C. glaucodea, Tuckm.
C. Sullivantii, Boott.
Polypogon Monspeliensis, Desf.
Zea Mays, ZL.
Nitella opaca, Ag.
N- intermedia, Wordst. Agaricus spectabilis, Fr.
A. ornellus, Pk. Hygrophorus limacinus, Fr. Polyporus hypococcinus, Berk. | ea undosus, Pk.
i semipileatus, Ph. Irpex viticola, C. and P. Grandinia crustosa, Fr. Pterula densissima, B. and C.
Tremella epigza, B. and Br. ile subochracea, P&. Hymenula vulgaris, Fr. Geaster mammosus, Chev. Arcyria macrospora, -Pk.
Cribraria dictydioides, (. and B. Hendersonia Cydoniz, C. and E.
Phyllosticta Grossulariz, Sace. s Nese, Ph, Septoria Galeopsidis, West. Hydrocotyles, Desm. Viol, West. Cucurbitacearum, Sace. corylina, Pk. betulicola, Pk. microsperma, Pk, Piler, Thum. Septoelceum Apocyni, Pk. Vermicularia circinans, Berk. Morthiera Thumenii, Oke, Pestalozzia Stevensonii, Ph. Puccinia Thalictri, Chev.
mn TA cD TATA tn tp
127
128 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Puccinia Cirsii, ZLasch.
- simplex, Pk. Protomyces polysporus, Ph. AHcidium pedatatum, Schw. Helicomyces mirabilis, Ph. Septocylindrium Ranunculi, P&. Ramularia Spire, Pk.
rufomaculans, Pk.
R. sambucina, Pk. R. Impatientis, Pé. 1B Rudbeckii, Pk.
Cercosporella reticulata, Pé. Cerecspora depazeoides, Sace.
C: beticola, Sace. C. Viole, Sace.
C. Behmerie, Ph. C. Acalyphe, Pk. C. graphioides, Z//. & clavata, Ger.
Verticillium candidum, P. Diplocladium minus, Bon. Fusisporium tenuissimum, Pk.
Aspergillus pheocephalus, D. and W. A.
clavellus, Pk Monilia Harknessii, Ph.
Ellisiella caudata, Sace. Sporocybe nigriceps, Pk. Periconia spherophila, Pk. Graphium gracile, PA. Macrosporium concinnum, Berk. Helminthosporium Tilie, Fr.
H. septemseptatum, PA. Hi: inconspicuum, C.and £, Hy. arbusculoides, Pk.
Zygodesmus bicolor, C. and £. Rhinotrichum subalutaceum, PE: Zasmidium cellare, Pers.
Peziza hydrophila, Pk.
123 atrata, Fr. 12. fusarioides, Berk. Ie aurelia, Pers.
Pe balsamicola, Ph.
Meliola balsamicola, Pk.
Hypoxylon marginatum, Schw. Diatrype punctulata, B. and R. Diatrypella angulata, Pr.
Valsa myinda, C. and £#.
Dothidea melanoplaca, Desm. Lophiostoma angustilabrum, B. and Br. Spherella Leersiz, Pass.
PLANTS COLLECTED.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus abortivus, L. Brassica arvensis, L.
Viola Selkirkii, Push. Acer Pennsylvanicum, Z. Trifolium repens, L. Rubus trifiorus, Richardson. Tiarella cordifolia, Z. Heracleum lanatum, Va. Tanacetum vulgare, L. Vaccinium corymbosum, L. V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Scutellaria galericulata, L. Marrubium vulgare, L. Polygonum orientale, L. Fraxinus pubescens, Lai.
F. sambucifola, Lam. (Juercus alba, L.
Q. coccinea, Wang.
Q. tinctoria, Bart.
Q. rubra, L:
Carya amara, Nutt.
Potamogeton gramineus, ZL. pusillus, 2.
is pectinatus, ZL.
Polygonatum giganteum, Diet. Uvularia sessilifolia, Z. Carex vulpinoidea, Me. cephalophora, IMwAl. Muhlenbergii, Schk. lagopodioides, Schk. cristata, Schi. mirabilis, Dew. adusta, Boott. stricta, Lam. granularis, Muhl. gracillima, Schi. virescens, Muhl. plantaginea, Lam. laxiflora, Lam. Emmonsii, Dew. Pennsylvanica, Lan. Zizania aquatica, L.
Stipa avenacea, L.
Bromus racemosus, L.
Poa trivialis, Z.
Aira flexuosa, Z. Osmunda cinnamomea, L. Aspidium Boottii, Zuckm.
Sess eamSensenae
—-_-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST.
New to the Herbarium.
Agaricus alluviinus, Px. rubrotinctus, Pk. albus, Scheff. stellatus, J’. pascuus, Pers. sinuatus, 7. fastibilis, #7. alnicola, Fr. sulcatipes, P&. heerens, Pk. tiliophilus, Pk. nitidipes, Pk. epimyces, Pk. Hygrophorus fuligineus, Frost. H. flavodiscus, Frost. Russula heterophylla, Fr. Marasmius salignus, Ph. Polyporus immitis, Ph.
P; fraxinophilus, Pk. Irpex crassus, B. and C.
I. mollis, B. and C.
PPPP PPP Pb bbb
Corticium effuscatum, C. and E.
Thelephora rosella, Pk. Clavaria pinophila, Ph. Cyphella leta, Fr.
Phoma cucurbitale, B. and C. Spheropsis Cary, (. and EL. Discella hysteriella, Pk.
Dz. albomaculans, Pk, Gleosporium fraxinea, Ph. Septoria cannabina, Pk.
8. Sicyi, Pk. S. Calystegize, Sace. S. Cirsii, JViess/.
Septoria musiva, Ph, Phyllosticta Crategi, Pk.
Pp variabilis, Pk. Protomyces macrosporus, Ung. Ustilago pallida, Schreet. Acalyptospora Populi, Pr.
Macrosporium transversum, Pk,
Alternaria tenuis, JVees. Ellisiella caudata, Sace. Botrytis ceratioides, Ph. Dactylium dendroides, Fr. Verticillium Lactarii, Ph. Cercospora Tiliz, Pk.
C. Lepidii, Pk,
C. Dature, Ph. C. longispora, Pk. C. varia, Pk.
Ramularia Ranunculi, Pk.
; Vaccinii, Pk. R. Hamamelidis, Pk. R. aquatilis, Pk. Asterophora Pezize, Cd. Peziza leetirubra, Che. ee singularia, Ye Tympanis Nemopanthis, Pk. Cenangium betulinum, Ph. Triblidium claveesporum, Ph. Ascomyces deformans, Berk, Gymnascella aurantiaca, Pk, Valsa tomentella, Pk. Spheeria petiolophila, Pk. Spheerella fraxinea, Ph. Venturia curviseta, Pk.
(3+)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS. Mrs. S. M. Rust, Syracuse, N. Y.
Potamogton crispus, L. Geranium maculatum, Z.
Pachyma Cocos, Fr.
Smilax hispida, Mwhl.
Mary E. Banning, Baltimore, Md.
Lizzie G. Barnett, Cannonsburg, Pa.
Secotium Warnei, Pk.
Eloise Butler, Minneapolis, Minn.
Secotium Warnei, P/.
W. R. Gerard, New York, N. Y.
/Ecidium Rusbyi, Ger.
Polyporus arcularius, Fr,
J. B. Ellis, Newfield, N. J.
Corticium effuscatum, C. and £. Rostafinskia australis, Speg. Lycoperdon constellatum, Fr.
[Sen. Doc. No. 38. ]
Puccinia Mikaniz, Speg. Graphium verticillatum, Speg.
igs
129
130 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
C. J. Sprague, Boston, Mass.
Lecidea vescicularis Hoff. Biatora globifera, Ach.
S. H. Wright, M. D., Penn Yan, N. ¥. AHcidium Asperifolii, Pers. Erysiphe Montagnei, Leo. AR. Falcarii, D.C. Polythrincium Trifolii, Cd. Puccinia coronata, Cd. Peronospora Schachtii, ek.
EH. C. Howe, M. D., Yonkers, N. Y.
Eragrostis pilosa, Beauv. Carex Muhlenbergii v. enervis, Boott, E. Purshii, Schrad.
M. F. Merchant, M. D., Moravia, N. Y. Mitchella repens, L.
H. W. Barnum, Valley Falls, N. Y. Trillium grandiflorum, Sa/isb.
Prof. C. E. Bessey, Ames, Iowa. Secotium Warnei, Pk. C. W. Irish, Iowa City, Iowa. Polyporus fraxinophilus, Pk. Trametes Peckii, Kalehb. I. Cowles, Flushing, N. Y. Opuntia Rafinesquii, Lngelm.
J. L. Bennett, Providence, R. I.
Carex cristata Scho. Carex conjuncta, Boott. aurea, Nutt. alopecoidea, Zuckm. miliaris, Mz. rosea, Schk. microdonta, Torr. stipata, Muhl. panicea, L. sparganioides, Mul. vividula, Ma. cephaloidea, Boott. festiva, Dew. cephalophora, MuAl. sycnocephala, Carey. bicostata, Olney. athrostachya, Olney. vulpinoidea, Mz. scoparia, Schk. Kunzei, Olney. lagopodioides, Schk, Gayana, Desu. festucacea, Schh. teretiuscula, straminea, Schk. prairea, Dew. Haleana, Olney. siccata, Dew.
alata, Zorr. disticha, Huds. Bonplandii, Kunth. bromoides, Schk. torta, Boott. stenophylla, Wahl. crinita, Lam. Douglassii, Boott. pallescens, L. chordorhiza, Hhrh, — flaccosperma, Dew. tenella, Schkh. grisea, Wahl. canescens, L. virescens, Muhl. vitilis, #7. gynocrates , Wormsk. tenuiflora, Wahl. capitata, L. trisperma, Dew. nigricans, Mey. Deweyana, Scho. | pauciflora, Lightf. albolutescens, Sehw, filifoha, Nutt. maritima, Mull. polytrichoides, MuAl. aquatilis, Wahl. Muhblenbergii, Schk. lenticularis, Jf.
AA llllololololelololololololololololololore eololololololololololololelolololololololololololojole)
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST.
Carex aperta, Boott.
ol olololololololololololololololololololololololololovolo)
rigida, Good.
Carex miliacea, MvAl.
arctata, Mz.
limosa, L. debilis, Mz. Buxbaumii, Wahl. filiformis, Z. Steudellii, Aunth. striata, Mz.
atrata, L.
nigra, Alli. Willdenovii, Schk. Backu, Boott. Geyeri, Boott. longirostris, Torr amplifolia, Boot#. Fraseriana, Sims. retroflexa, MuAl. stellulata, Good. Davisii, 8. & T. gracillima, Scho. triceps, Mz. plantaginea, Lam. Careyana, Torr. platyphylla, Carey. retrocurva, Dew. laxiflora, Lam. eburnea, Boott. umbellata, Schk. Emmonsii, Dew.
nigromarginata, Schi.
Pennsylvanica, Lam. varia, Muhl. Richardsonii, R. Br. pubescens, Muh.
Hol lololololololololololololololololololololololeolololo
trichocarpa, Muhl. Pseudo-Cyperus, ZL. hystricina, Willd. intumescens, Rudge. Grayli, Carey. lupulina, MuwAl. subulata, Jf. squarrosa, LD. retrorsa, Schw. Schweinitzii, Dew. utriculata, Boott. monile, Zuckhm. pulla, Mz. Whitneyi, Olney. Tuckermani, Boott. Olneyi, Boott. Raynoldii, Dew. podocarpa, &. Br. feetida, All.
Rossii, Boott. Halleriana, Asso. Cherokeensis, Schao. debilis, Mz. oxylepis, Torr. Boottiana, Benth.
131
(4-) SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
ERAGROSTIS PuURSHII, Schrad. Waste places about Yonkers. #. C. Howe. AGARICUS METULZ&SPORUS, B. and Br. Woods. Adirondack mountains. August and September. AGARICUS ALLUVIINUS, Ph. _ Alluvial soil, among weeds. Albany. July. AGARICUS RUBROTINCTUS, Pk.
Thin woods and open places. July—September.
For the description of this and the two species next preceding, see the synopsis of the subgenus Lepiota in the clesing pages of this report.
AGARICUS ALBUS, Scheff. Woods. East Berne, Albany county. August. AGARICUS STELLATUS, Fr.
Decaying prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Hast Berne,
August.
132 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
AGARICUS Pascuts, Pers. Woods. East Berne. August. Sometimes the freshly broken plant has a slight odor of meal. AGARICUS SINUATUS, 7. Woods. East Berne. August. AGARICUS FASTIBILIS, Fr.
Thin woods. Albany. October. The plant here noticed is a white variety, approaching var. alba, but with a short stem. The spores are almost ochraceous. ‘The drops of moisture on the lamelle at length dry up and leave brownish stains or granules resembling those on the stem and tubes of Boletus granulatus.
AGARICUS ALNICOLA, /’r.
In low swampy woods about the base of alders. Sandlake.
October. AGARICUS (GALERA) SULCATIPES, 2. Sp.
Pileus thin, ovate, then conical or subcampanulate, hygroph- anous, chestnut-colored and generally striatulate on the margin when moist, becoming paler when dry ; lamelle ascending, sub- distant, adnate, whitish, becoming ferruginous-cinnamon, stem slender, straight or flexuous, equal, hollow, rather tenacious, striate-sulcate, silky, floccose-pruinose toward the base, white, often tinged with blue or green at the base; spores elliptical, fer- ruginous-cinnamon, -00025—-0003' long, -00016’ broad.
Plant gregarious, 1-5—3’high, pileus 5’— 8” broad, stem 1” — thick.
Woods. East Berne. August.
The plants were found growing on a bed of buckwheat bran. The stem is white and almost shining; striate and silky above, and pulverulent or floccose-pruinose at the base, where it generally assumes a greenish-blue color if handled when moist. When dry the stem is distinctly furrowed. The pileus fades in drying to subochraceous or subalutaceous. The lamellae are sometimes white on the edge.
AGARICUS (CREPIDOTUS) HHRENS, 2. sp.
Pileus convex, sessile, cuneiform or dimidiate, glabrous, hy- grophanous, viscid and striatulate on the margin when moist, white or whitish when dry; lamelle moderately close, narrow, tapering toward each end, subcinereous, then brownish; spores elliptical, pale-ferruginous, -0003’ long, +0002’ broad.
Pileus 4’—12” long and broad.
Decaying wood. Albany. September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 133
The elliptical spores and viscid pileus are distinguishing char- acters in this species. The pileus is often stained by the spores and it then has a sordid or squalid appearance. When not so stained it is very white if dry, watery-white if moist. The margin is very thin. The lamelle are dingy, when young, and they become darker with age. The stem is wanting or merely rudimentary. The pileus is attached by white filaments.
AGARICUS (CREPIDOTUS) TILIOPHILUS, 7. sp.
Pileus rather thin, convex, minutely pulverulent or subglabrous, hygrophanous, watery-brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, dingy buff-color when dry; lamellw# rather broad, subdistant, rounded behind, adnexed, colored like the pileus, be- coming ferruginous-cinnamon; stem very short, often curved, solid, eccentric, whitish, pruinose, with a white pubescence at the base ; spores ovate or subelliptical, brownish-ferruginous, -0002’— -00025' long, -00016’—-00018’ broad.
Pileus 6"—12" broad, stem 2"—4" long, 1” thick.
Dead trunks and branches of basswood, Tilia Americana. East Berne. August.
Sometimes the plants are so closely crowded that they appear cexespitose .
AGARICUS (HYPHOLOMA) NITIDIPES, 7. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, glabrous or obscurely fibrillose, whitish or yellowish ; lamellz close, adnexed, wh'tish or subcin- ereous, becoming rosy-brown, generally white on the edge; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, solid, silky, shining, whitish ; spores ovate, rosy-brown, -0002’—- 00025’ long, -00016’— -00018' broad.
Plant 2—4' high, pileus 2’—3’ broad, stem 3’—4” thick.
Damp, shaded ground. Albany. September.
Externally this species resembles A. precox, from which its solid stem and smaller spores at once distinguish it.
AGARICUS (PAN OLUS) EPIMYCES, 7. sp.
Pileus fleshy, at first subglobose, then convex, white, silky- fibrillose, flesh soft, white or whitish ; lamelle rather broad, some- what close, rounded behind, adnexed, dingy-white, becoming brown or blackish, with a white edge; stem short, stout, tapering upwards, strongly striate and minutely mealy or pruinose, solid in the young plant, hollow in the mature plant, but with the cavity small, hairy or substrigose at the base; spores elliptical, black, -0003'—-00035’ long, -0002—-00025’ broad.
Plant 1’—1-5' high, pileus 8’—12" broad, stem 3’—4’ thick.
Parasitic on fungi. North Greenbush. November.
134 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
This singular species is referted to the subgenus Panzolus be- cause of its black spores. Its thick, fleshy stem and pileus do not well accord with the character of these parts in the other species of this subgenus, and, notwithstanding the color of the spores, it may seem best to some to refer the species to the sub- genus Hypholoma. <A. Loveianus, A. alumnus, A. cirrhatus, A. tuberosus, A. racemosus and A. pilipes are other species of Agarics which are parasitic on putrid fungi. The species of Nyctalis also have a similar habitat.
HYGROPHORUS FULIGINEUS, Frost MS.
Pileus convex or plane, smooth, glutinous, fuscous or smoky- brown, the disk usually darker or almost black, the margin some- times wavy or irregular, and in old specimens often reflexed, flesh white; lamelle moderately broad, adnate or decurrent, subdis- tant, white, the interspaces often veiny ; stem variable, long or short, equal or ventricose, sometimes attenuated at the base, solid, glutinous, white, sometimes slightly stained with smoky-brown ; spores elliptical, -0003’—-00035’ long, -0002’ broad.
Plant 2’—4’ high, pileus 1’—4’ broad, stem 4’—10" thick.
Pine woods. West Albany. November.
The abundant gluten which covers the pileus gives it when dry a shining appearance, as if varnished. There is a short space at the top of the stem which is free from gluten, slightly silky and very white. ‘The plant grows either singly or in tufts of three or four individuals,
- HyGropnHorus FLAVopiscus, Frost MS.
Pileus convex or plane, smooth, glutinous, white, with a pale- yellow or reddish-yellow disk, flesh white; lamelle adnate or de- current, subdistant, white, sometimes with a slight flesh-colored tint, the interspaces sometimes veiny; stem subequal, solid, glu- tinous, white, sometimes slightly stained with yellow; spores el- liptical, -00025’—-0003’ long, -00016’ broad.
Plant 2’—3' high, pileus 1’—3’ broad, stem 2"—8" thick.
Pine woods. West Albany. November.
The late Mr. C. C. Frost sent me manuscript descriptions of a few species of fungi which he had found in Vermont and regarded as new species. Among them are descriptions of the two species of Hygrophorus now found for the first time within our limits. I have adopted the names given by Mr. Frost, but have remodeled his descriptions and extended them so as to include the character and dimensions of the spores. Both species were found growing together, and but for the marked difference in the coloration of the pileus both might readily be taken for forms of one species.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 135
This, like the preceding one, has a short white space at the top of the stem, free from the viscidity that exists elsewhere. It re- sembles in many respects Hygrophorus speciosus, which has the pileus red, fading to yellow with advancing age. Perhaps the * three may yet prove to be forms of one very variable species, for
the most conspicuous differences between them consist in the colors of the pileus. The constancy with which the three styles of coloration has thus far been maintained indicates a specific difference, but color alone is not generally regarded as having any specific value.
RussULA HETEROPHYLLA, 7.
Woods. East Berne. August.
MARAS MIUS SALIGNUS, 7%. sp.
Pileus submembranous, convex or plane, without striz, dry, glabrous or subpruinose, whitish ; lamelle rather narrow, adnate, subdistant, whitish, sometimes united behind in pairs, occa- sionally branched; stem short, slender, stuffed, reddish-brown, slightly mealy or pruinose, inserted ; spores ovate or subelliptical, pointed at one end, -00025'—-00032’ long, 00016’ broad.
Plant 6’—10" high, pileus 2"—5’ broad, stem scarcely half a line thick.
Bark of living willow trees. Bethlehem. September.
This species is closely related to If. ramealis, but in that species the pileus, according to the description, is rufescent either wholly or on the disk, and the stem is white ; in our species the pileus is white or whitish and the stem is reddish-brown. Only in young specimens is the stem white and then only at the apex. Some- times there is a slight depression or umbilicus in the center of the pileus.
Potyporus (MERISMA) IMMITIS, 2. sp.
Pilei cxespitose-imbricated, broad, slightly convex or flattened, more or less rough or uneven, radiate-rugose, tuberculose or fibrous- hispid, zoneless, white, becoming tinged with yellow or alutaceous in drying, flesh white, slightly fibrous, soft and moist when fresh, cheesy when dry, with a subacid odor; pores minute angular or even subflexuous, about equal in length to the thickness of the pileus, the dissepiments thin, white, often at length dentate or lacerate on the edge; spores minute, white, elliptical, -00012’— -00016’ long, -00007’—-00008’ broad.
Pilei 2’— 4! broad, the flesh commonly 3’— 4" thick.
Decaying ash trunks, East Berne. August.
The species is apparently related to P. cwsareus, but the char- acter of the pores is quite different in the two species,
136 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
PoLyporus (PLACODERMEIL) FRAXINOPHILUS, Pk.
Pileus sessile, thick, corky, subtriquetrous, narrow, somewhat decurrent behind, the first year whitish, with a minute whitish tomentum or hairiness, then gray, finally blackish, in old specimens concentrically suleate, rimose, the substance within obscurely zoned, at first whitish, then isabelline or pale-tawny, the margin obtuse ; pores stratose, plane or subconvex, small, nearly equal, subrotund, the dissepiments obtuse, entire, whitish; spores white, broadly elliptical, -0003—-00035’ long, -00025’—-0003’ broad.
Pileus 2’—4 long, 1’—1-5’ broad.
Trunks and branches of dead or languishing ash see Coey- mans, Albany county. May and September.
The species belongs to the tribe Pomentarii, and is related by its whitish pores and surface to P. connatus, but its colored sub- stance and larger pores will easily distinguish it from that species,
IrnPEX crassus, B. and C. Oak stumps. North Greenbush. October. IRPEX MOLLIS, B. and C.
Decaying wood. Helderberg mountains. October.
The teeth in this species are sometimes compressed in such a manner that they appear like radiating lamelle broken up into narrow segments. They have acoarse stout appearance even when most of them are subulate. The pileus is whitish and moist when fresh. A resupinate form occurs, both of this species and of I. lacteus.
CoRTICIUM EFFUSCATUM, (7. and £. Dead branches. East Berne. August. THELEPHORA ROSELLA, 7. Sp.
Very small, tufted, rosette-like, variously laciniate, dentate or subfimbriate on the margins, whitish or subincarnate, developing from a blackish tubercle ; spores minute, narrowly elliptical or sublanceolate, -0002’—-00025’ long, scarcely half as wide.
Dead branches of alder, Alnus incana. Sandlake. July.
This is a very singular species, and may prove to be an imper- fect condition of some fungus quite unlike this one.
CLAVARIA PINOPHILA, 7. Sp.
Stems short, more or less tufted, much branched; branches crowded, often compressed above and subdigitately divided, pale- ochraceous, ultimate ramuli rather long, subulate, white ; spores oblong or sublanceolate, -0004’—-0005’ long, -00016' broad.
Thin woods under pine trees. East Berne. August.
The tufts are about one inch high. The spores appear white when caught on brown paper.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 137
CYPHELLA L&TA, Jr. Dead stems of herbs lying on the ground. East Berne. August. The beautiful sulphur color is lost in drying. PHOMA CUCURBITALE, B. and C. Old squashes. Sandlake. July. SPHZROpPSIS Cary@, CO. and EZ.
Dead bark of hickory trees, Carya alba. West Troy. May.
The perithecia do not always grow in lines, but are frequently arranged in an irregular manner.
DISCELLA HYSTERIELLA, 7. sp.
Perithecia hysteriiform, nestling in the fibres of the wood, open- ing by a longitudinal chink or a wide elliptical aperture, black : spores numerous, oblong, obtuse at each end, colorless, obscurely uniseptate, -0003’—-0004' long, -00012’—-00015’ broad.
Decorticated wood. North Greenbush. Autumn and Spring.
DISCELLA ALBOMACULANS, n. sp.
Perithecia punctiform, hemispherical, prominent, gregarious on an indefinite whitish spot, black, opening by a simple irregular or triradiate aperture ; spores abundant, oblong, colorless, ob- scurely uniseptate, -0004’'—-0005’ long, -00012’ broad.
Dead twigs of grape-vines. Helderberg mountains. May.
Related to, but distinct from, the preceding by its perithecia, narrower and longer spores and by its forming a whitish spot on
_ the matrix. GL@OsPORIUM FRAXINEA, 2. sp,
Spots numerous, small, pale-red with a darker or purplish-red border and usually with a minute whitish center, nuclei few ; spores oblong-elliptical, colorless, -0002’/—-00025’ long, -00016’ broad, sometimes with a minute nucleus at each end.
Living leaves of ash, Vrazinus pubescens. Albany. June.
SEPTORIA CANNABINA, 7”. sp.
Spots suborbicular, small, unequal, cinereous, often with a red- dish-brown border; perithecia minute, numerous, epiphyllous, central on the spot, blackish ; spores filiform, colorless, curved, -0008'—- 0012’ long.
Living leaves of hemp, Cannabis sativa. Cold Spring. June.
SEPTORIA SICYI, 7. sp.
Spots small, suborbicular, scattered or rarely subconfluent, whitish or cinereous, arid ; perithecia few, epiphyllous, blackish : spores filiform, straight or curved, colorless, -0016'—-0024’ long.
Living leaves of Sicyos angulatus. Albany. June.
SEPTORIA CaLysTEecie, Sace.
Living leaves of Calystegia Sepiwm. Albany. June.
[Sen. Doc. No. 38. ] 18
138 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
SEeproria Crrsit, Wiessi.
Living leaves of Canada thistle, Cirsxwm arvense. West Albany. June,
SEPTORIA MUSIVA, 2. sp.
Spots small, numerous, angular, brown, usually obscurely mottled by minute angular patches of paler color ; perithecia few, epiphyllous, depressed, black or blackish; spores cylindrical, shghtly curved, colorless, sometimes obscurely triseptate, -0012’ —-0018’ long.
Living leaves of cottonwood, Populus monilifera. Albany. July.
This species differs from S. Populi, Desm., in the character of the spots which are variegated like mosaic work, and in the septa- tion of the spores.
rubra PHYLLOSTICTA CRATEGH, 7. Sp.
Spots small, angular or irregular, sometimes confluent, red ; perithecia one to five on aspot, epiphyllous, minute, black; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, colorless, -0003’ long, -00028’ broad.
Living leaves of thorn bushes, Crategus tomentosa. Albany. July.
PHYLLOSTICTA VARIABILIS, 7. sp.
Spots small or large, suborbicular or irregular, brown or reddish- brown, the center at length dotted with whitish arid areas or be- coming entirely arid, finally falling away; perithecia minute, epiphyllous, black; spores oblong-elliptical, colorless, -0002’— -0003’ long, -0001’—-00012’ broad.
Living leaves of purple-flowered raspberry, Rubus odoratus. Albany. September.
PROTOMYCES MACROSPORUS, Ung.
Living leaves and stems of the great ragweed, Amdrosia trifida. Albany. June. ;
When this fungus attacks the stems it forms prominent swell. ings which are generally about half an inch long and nearly as broad and of a pale-green color. The spores are globose or sub- globose and vary considerably in size, ranging from -0014’—-0024’ in diameter. They are imbedded in the tissues of the swellings.
UsrinaGo PALLIDA, Schret.
Flowers of wild buckwheat, Polygonum cilinode.
Three species of smut occur on our knot-weeds. Ustilago utriculosa is common on Polygonum Pennsylvaniewm, U. Can- dollei is found on P. sagittatum and U. pallida on P. cilinode. Catskill mountains and Grafton, Rensselaer county.
d
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 139
ACALYPTOSPORA POPULI, 2. sp.
Spots irregular or suborbicular, reddish-brown, definite; spores epiphyllous, oblong-ovate or subfusiform, scarcely pedicellate, colored, one to two-septate, -0008’—-0009' long, -0003’—-00033’ broad.
Living leaves of the great-toothed poplar, Populus grandiden- tata. Center. July.
The fungus was found on the leaves of young trees. ‘The affected tissues soon break up and fall out. The spores appear to form gummy patches or reticulations slightly darker than the general color of the spot.
MACROSPORIUM TRANSVERSUM, 2. Sp.
Spots pale, at first greenish-yellow, then whitish and arid, some- times with a reddish-brown border, forming transverse bands on the leaf ; flocci tufted, subflexuous, septate, colored, -0016’—- 0025 long, -00016’—-0002' broad; spores apical, oblong-ovate or oblong-clavate, either obtuse at both ends or acuminate or sub-~ rostrate at one end, three to five-septate, with here and there a longitudinal septum, colored, -001’—-002' long.
Living leaves of Carex stricta. West Albany. May.
The discolored spots are often sterile. Frequently the leaves are narrowed at the affected spots by the contraction of the tissues and are thereby weakened and abruptly bent.
ALTERNARIA TENUIS, ees.
Inner surface of old pods of silkweed, Asclepias Cornutt. North Greenbush. November.
In some specimens the rostrum of the spores is not dilated at the apex as figured by Corda, but as the two forms grow inter- ‘mingled in the same patch they are evidently all one species. The spots, as I find them, are generally thinly effused and indefinite, not definite as figured in ‘‘Mungi Italict.”
ELLISIELLA CAUDATA, Sacc.
Dead leaves of broom-grass, Andropogon pe Center. May.
This genus appears to me to be founded on very slight characters. It scarcely differs from Colletotrichum, except in having the spores longer pointed.
BoTRYTIS CERATIOIDES, 2. sp.
Flocci white, flaccid, suberect, obscurely septate, simple or sparingly branched, obtuse and sometimes bilobed at the apex, the upper part densely pulverulent with spores; spores globose, smooth, subochraceous or isabelline, -00025’'—-0003’ in diameter.
Decaying wood of hemlock, Adies Canadensis. Albany. June.
140 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
This fungus forms more or less extensive patches over the sur- face of the wood. - The upper part of the flocci being covered with spores, the general aspect is somewhat similar to that of some species of Ceratium, e. g., C. hydnoides. The spores are so abun- dant that they hide the flocci and at first sight the whole fungus appears to be pale ochraceous. The smooth spores and white flocci separate this species from B. carnea, Schum.
DACTYLIUM DENDROIDES, Fr.
Decaying wood and fungi. East Berne. August.
Verticillium agaricinum, Bon., is closely related if not, indeed, the same species.
VERTICILLIUM LACTARII, 7. sp.
Flocci branched, white; branches either simple, opposite or verticillate, the ultimate ramuli tapering to the apex; spores apical, obovate or oblong-elliptical, smooth, colorless, -0006’— -0012' long, -0004'—-0005’ broad, usually with a slight point or apiculus at the base.
Putrescent Lactarii, especially Z. swbdulcis. Center and Hast Berne. June — August.
CERcosporRA TILIm, Pk. Living leaves of basswood, Tilia Americana. Sandlake. July. CERCOSPORA LEPIDII, 2. sp.
Spots small, orbicular, grayish-brown or subcinereous, usually marked with faint concentric lines; flocci amphigenous, about -0016' long, single or two to three in a cluster, pallid ; spores very long, tapering upwards, slightly constricted at the septa, eight to nine-septate, -005’—-007' long, -0007'—-0008’ brqad in the widest part, greenish.
Living leaves of the field pepper-grass, Lepidium campestre. New Baltimore, Greene county. May.
This is a very singular species. The fungus occurs on both sides of the leaf, but is more abundant on the upper surface. The flocci are short and thick and occasionally branched. The septa occur in the broad part of the spore, the upper part being much narrowed. Occasionally acell is divided by a longitudinal septum.
CERCOSPORA DATURA, 1. sp.
Spots suborbicular or irregular, varying in color from cinereous to reddish-brown, sometimes marked by irregular or flexuous elevated lines; flocci amphigenous, scarcely tufted, about equal to the spores in length; spores rather large, narrowed upwards, greenish, four to six-septate, -002’—.003' long, about -0005’ broad in the widest part.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 141
Living leaves of stramonium, Datura Stramonium. Cold Spring,
Putnam county. June. CERCOSPORA LONGISPORA, %. Sp.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent and irregular, grayish- brown, the margin slightly darker; flocci amphigenous, sometimes epiphyllous only, tufted, -0008’—-0016' long, colored; spores very long, variously curved or flexuous, colorless, simple or ob- securely septate, sometimes forked, -0024'—-0056' long, about -00016' broad.
Living leaves of lupine, Lupinus perennis. Center. July.
The species is apparently very distinct from C. Lupini, Cke., and is well marked by its densely tufted black flocci and its very long hyaline spores.
CERCOSPORA VARIA, 2. Sp.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes large and irregular, reddish- brown, with a darker margin, reddish-gray beneath; flocci few, hypophyllous, tufted, short, slightly colored; spores subcylindri- eal, one to five septate, sometimes multinucleate, .0016’—-003! long.
Living leaves of maple-leaved Viburnum. Last Berne. August.
A form of this species occurs on Viburnum Lentago, in which the spots are brown and the flocci are shorter.
RAMULARIA RANUNCULI, 2. sp.
Spots suborbicular, scattered, brown ; flocei hypophyllous, tufted, colorless, subflexuous; spores oblong, sometimes narrowed toward one end, simple or uniseptate, occasionally catenulate, colorless, -00065' —-0016' long, -0003'—-0005' broad.
Living leaves of hooked crowfoot, Ranunculus recurvatus. West Albany. June.
RAMULARIA VACCINII, ”. sp.
Spots few or many, orbicular, rarely confluent, whitish or yel- lowish-green, becoming brown when old; flocci short, nearly colorless, sometimes creeping, hypophyllous, rarely amphigenous, spores very abundant, forming a continuous stratum, often catenu- late, very variable, elliptical, ovate, oblong or cylindrical, colorless, -0003’—-0012' long, -00016’—-0002' broad.
Living leaves of blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum and Vac- cinium Pennsylvanicum. Center. July.
This species is remarkable both for the abundance and the vari- ability of its spores.
RAMULARIA HAMAMELIDIS, 72. sp.
142 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Spots small, angular, reddish-brown, a little paler on the lower surface; flocci hypophyllous, tufted, short, slightly colored ; spores fusiform or oblong-cylindrical, colorless, -0005—-0014 long.
Living leaves of witch-hazel, Hamamelis Virginica. Sand- lake. July.
Though the spots are distinct enough, the fungus is so minute that it is scarcely visible to the naked eye.
RAMULARIA AQUATILIS, 2. sp.
Spots small, pale; flocci epiphyllous, tufted, very ‘slender, short, flexuous, white, -0003’—-0006' long; spores subfiliform, nar- rowed toward one end, sometimes three to four-nucleate, color- less, -0008’—-0012 long, -0001’—-00012' broad.
Living leaves of pond-weed, Potamoyeton lonchites. Albany. September.
The tufts are numerous and very small and white. When magnified they have a stellate appearance, the spores diverging like rays from the central mass of flocci.
ASTEROPHORA PEziIzm, Cd.
Hymenium of Peziza hemispherica. Center. July.
This fungus covers the inner surface of the Peziza with a white stratum of slender filaments and stellately warted spores.
PEZIZA LETIRUBRA, Cke.
Decaying leaves lying on damp, sandy soil. Center. Septem-
ber. PxEzi1zA (MOLLISIA) SINGULARIA, 7. Sp.
Cups minute, waxy, sessile, flattened or convex, se distinctly margined, seated on irregular, indefinite pallid spots, dingy-gray or pale amber-brown ; = cylindrico-clavate, -002'—-003' long, -0003'—-0004' broad; spores crowded or biseriate, colorless, ob- long, sometimes slightly narrowed toward one end, -0005 —- 0006’ long, -00016'—-0002' broad; paraphyses filiform, scarcely thick- ened at the apex.
Under surface of living leaves of hispid crowfoot, Ranunculus hispidus. East Berne. August.
This is one of the few species of Peziza that attack living plants. Sometimes the cups, or rather the receptacles, are confluent and irregular. Perhaps a form of Pseudopeziza Ranunculi, Fckl.
TyMpANIS NEMOPANTHIS, n. sp.
Receptacles minute, densely tufted, substipitate, black, at first sphwriiform and opening by a slight irregular chink, then with the disk exposed, slightly margined, concave or plane; asci
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 143
cylindrical, or oblong-clavate, -003’---0045' long, about -00082" broad ; spores filiform, variously curved, sometimes multinucleate, -0016'—-003' long.
Dead stems and branches of mountain holly, Nemopanthes Canadensis. Grafton, Rensselaer county. July.
The tufts are erumpent and quite prominent. They vary much in size, but are generally one to two lines broad. The receptacles are so closely crowded that the disk is often angular from mutual pressure. ‘The species is similar in its appearance to T7ympanis alnea.
CENANGIUM BETULINUM, 12. sp.
Receptacles cxspitose or subseriate, erumpent through short transverse chinks in the bark, at first spheriiform, then open, black, the disk nearly plane, slightly margined, often irregular from mutual pressure, -007'—-014' broad; asci oblong or sub- clavate, -0016’ long, about -0004! broad ; spores crowded, oblong, obtuse, slightly colored, triseptate, -0004'—-0005’ long, about -00016' broad.
Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Ceénter. May.
This species differs from C. seriatum, which also occurs on birch, in its small size, smaller tufts, which usually contain five
_ to ten plants, and in its septate spores. ( TRIBLIDIUM CLAVZSPORUM, 2. 7),
Receptacles, when moist, suborbicular, plane or slightly convex, margined, -03’—-04' broad, black, when dry more or less con- tracted, hysteriiform, with thick labiew; asci clavate or cylindrical, -0035'—--0045' long ; spores oblong-clavate, crowded or biseriate, colored, four-septate, -0009'—-0011' long, -0003'—-0004' broad.
Decorticated wood of willows, Salix nigra. Albany. July. /
ASCOMYCES DEFORMANS, Berk. a
Living leaves of peach trees. Sandlake.
GYMNASCELLA, gen. nov.
Perithecia wanting ; asci numerous, subglobose, produced upon or among slender, branching filaments.
Externally this fungus has the aspect of species of Sporotrichum, but the spores are produced in asci.
GYMNASCELLA AURANTIACA, 7. Sp.
Filaments slender, branched, intricate, colored, forming minute subconfluent bright-orange or scarlet-colored tufts; asci numerous, subglobose, produced among the filaments, -0004'—-0006’ long ; spores orbicular, -00016’—-0002’ broad, crowded in the ascus, colorless, generally uninucleate.
144 'THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM,
Old bones in damp places. Albany. May.
‘he bright red color of the tufts readily attract the attention. The spores are flattened, and when viewed edgewise appear nar- rowly elliptical. The asci are produced upon short branches of the filaments and frequently form dense clusters or masses. I have seen no evidence of a perithecium, and indeed the asci are thin and somewhat fugacious, and from the crowding of the spores are with difficulty seen. I have not been able to detect with certainty more than six spores in an ascus, though probably there are eight in some Cases.
By the absence of a perithecium, or receptacle, this fungus is related to Ascomyces and kindred genera, but its whole character otherwise is very different. In its habitatit is related to Onygena, the species of which affect animal substances, but it forms no definite head or peridium. It also presents some analogies with other genera, but with none does it seem to agree in all respects. I am disposed, however, to regard it as belonging to the Onygenei, notwithstanding the absence of a definite peridium.
VALSA (CRYPTOSPORA) TOMENTELLA, 2. sp.
Perithecia four to eight, subcircinate, nestling. in the inner bark, black, clothed below with a whitish tomentum, disk lan- ceolate, whitish or brownish, erumpent through a narrow trans- verse chink which is acute at each end, pierced by the smooth black ostiola; asci oblong, broad, subcylindrical to fusiform, ses- sile, .002'’— .003’ long; spores cylindrical, crowded, colorless, more or less curved, obtuse at the ends, usually multinucleate, .002'— .0027' long, .00016’— .0002’ broad.
Bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. West Albany. May.
This species is related to V. cinctula, but the peculiar charac- ter of the disk and the whitish tomentum that invests the base of the perithecia afford available characters by which to separate it from that and other allied species.
SPHAERIA PETIOLOPHILA, 2. Sp.
Perithecia minute, scattered, covered by the epidermis which is pierced by the prominently papillate or short rostrate ostiola, de- pressed-globose, black; asci narrow, subcylindrical, .0016’— .0018" long ; spores narrowly fusiform, pointed at each end, colorless, biseriate, .0005’'—.0006’ long; about .00008’ broad, sometimes con- taining three or four nucleoli.
Petioles of fallen leaves of mountain maple, Acer spicatum. Helderberg mountains. May.
This species belongs to the modern genus Gnomonia, section
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 145
Kugnomonia. In S. petiolorum Schw., which according to Fuckel is the same as S. amena Nees., the perithecia are sur- rounded by a white tubercle and the spores are shorter and half as broad as long.
SPHRELLA FRAXINEA, 2. sp.
Perithecia numerous, minute, .003’ broad, black, either epi- phyllous or hypophyllous, generally collected in groups forming suborbicular spots; asci oblong, often slightly narrowed above, .0014’— .0016’ long ; spores crowded, oblong-ovate, uniseptate, colorless, .0004’— .00045' long, .00016'-— .0002' broad, divided by the septum into two very unequal parts, the smaller part one- third or one-fourth the length of the larger.
Fallen leaves of ash, Praxzinus Americana. Helderberg moun- tains. May.
Distinct from Spherie Frazicola Schw., in the character of the spots and of the perithecia. I have not seen fertile specimens of that species.
VENTURIA CURVISETA, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, minute, .003’— .004' in diameter, clus- tered or subgregarious, black, bearing near the apex five to eight diverging black setze, .003’— .005’ long and abruptly curved near the base; asci oblong, narrowed above, often slightly curved .0016’— .002’ long; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong, colorless, .00045'— .0005’ long, .00016’—.0002’ broad, faintly uniseptate, the upper cell broader than the lower.
: Callen leaves of mountain holly, MNemopanthes Canadensis. Fenter. May and June.
The peculiar feature of this species is found in the curved bases of the sete. These are so strongly bent that they spread nearly horizontally and appear like stellate rays when the perithecia are viewed from above. ‘They are few in number and often unequal in length.
(5.) REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
GERANIUM MACULATUM, L. A form with white flowers. Syracuse. Mrs. S. M. Rust.
CASSIA NICTITANS, L. Banks of the Hudson river. North Greenbush. MITCHELLA REPENS, L. The form producing white berries occurs near Moravia, MM. F. Merchant.
[Sen. Doc. No. 38.] 19
146 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA, L.
A singular form was found by Mrs. Rust near Syracuse. It had acompound spike, ovate in outline. The branches were short and densely crowded. It appeared as if many of the flowers had been transformed into short branches.
PoTAMOGETON AMPLIFOLIUS, 7uckm. This fine large species is plentiful in Warner’s lake, East Berne. P. pusillus, P. pectinatus and both varieties of P. gramineus also abound there.‘
SMILAX HISPIDA, MuAl. Flowering specimens were found in Cicero swamp, Onondaga county, by Mrs. Rust. CALOPOGON PULCHELLUS, R. Br. A white-flowered form. Syracuse. Mrs, M. C. Sévll.
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA, L.
This tree is common along the Hudson river from Albany to
West Point. It here has a peculiar aspect. The branches are
‘ very numerous and frequently diverge from the trunk at a small angle. They afford a dense spray beautifully symmetrical in out- line and having nearly the form of an elongated cone. Its beauty of figure renders it a very desirable acquisition for the adornment of parks, court-yards and ornamental grounds. It is freely at- tacked by three species of fungus, one of which produces oblong or spindle-shaped swellings in the branches and which probably has something to do in determining the peculiar aspect of these trees, The other two produce the subglobose galls which are commonly known as ‘Cedar apples.” These fungi do not ap- pear to destroy the life of the tree, though they cling to it year after year as a parasite.
BROMUS TECTORUM, L.
This beautiful introduced grass has become common all along the Hudson River railroad between Albany and Cold Spring and probably still farther south. Railroads are very effective agents in the dissemination and distribution of many plants.
CorTINARIuS 10pES, B. & C. é The pileus in this species is sometimes spotted with white. The bulbous white stem is adorned with lilac-colored fibrils.
LENZITES SEPIARIA, Jr. . This species usually inhabits wood of coniferous trees, but it sometimes occurs on other wood. It was found near Albany in company with Lenzites vialis on a prostrate trunk of the
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 147
necklace poplar or cottonwood, Populus monilifera. It has occurred also on willow, Salix discolor. STEREUM RUGOsUM, Fr. Well-developed specimens occurred near Kast Berne. The mar- gin was narrowly reflexed, blackish and zonate. A cupulate form was also found.
New YorK CARICES,
Since the publication of the New York State Flora, several changes in the nomenclature of the genus Carex have been made. A revised list of the New York Carices is here given, the names in the left-hand column being those adopted by Dr. Torrey in the New York State Flora; those in the right-hand column are the names applied to the same species in the last edition of Gray’s Manual.
Names in N. Y. 8. Flora. Names in Gray’s Manual. Carex dioica, Z. Carex gynocrates, Wormsk. exilis, Dez. 2 exilis, Dew.
paucifiora, Lightf. polytrichoides, Muhl. Willdenovii, Schk. Backii, Boott. tenella, Schk. chordorhiza, Hhrh. cephalophora, Muhl. Muhlenbergii, Schk. siccata, Dew.
rosea, Schk. retroflexa, Muhl. sparganioides, Muhl, stipata, Muhl.
vulpinoidea, Ma.
pauciflora, Lightf. polytrichoides, Muhl. Willdenovii, Schk., Backii, Boott. disperma, Dew. chordorhiza, Hhrh. cephalophora, Muhl. Muhlenbergii, Schk. siccata, Dew.
rosea, Schk. retroflexa, Muh. sparganioides, Muhl. stipata, Muhl. vulpinoidea, Mz. setacea, Dev. bromoides, Schk. alopecoidea, Tuckm. Sartwellii, Dew. teretiuscula, Good. decomposita, Muhl. trisperma, Dev. Deweyana, Scho. canescens, L.
can. v. spheerostachya. stellulata, Good.
stell. v. sterilis.
stell. v. scirpoides. tenuiflora, Wahl. scoparia, Schk.
scop. v. lagopodioides. straminea, Schk. stram. v. foenea. stram. v. moniliformis.,
bromoides, Schk. alopecoidea, Tuckm. disticha, Huds. teretiuscula, Good. decomposita, Muhl. trisperma, Dew. Deweyana, Schw. canescens, L,
can. v. vitilis. stellulata, Z. sterilis, Willd. stell. v. scirpoides. tenuiflora, Wahl. scoparia, Schk. lagopodioides, Schk, straminea, Schk. fenea, Willd.
fen. v.? sabulonum.
clololololololollololololololololololololololololololololololololo ololelelolelolelelolololololololo me Bololololololol lolol ololelo)
148
THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE SraTE MUSEUM.
Names in N. Y. S. Flora.
Carex stram. v. festucacea.
lolol lollolololololololololololelolo
stram. v. cristata. ¢ stram. v. mirabilis. pedunculata, Muh. squarrosa, L. Buxbaumii, Wahl. triceps; Mz. virescens, Muhl. gracillima, Sch. formosa, Dew.
Davisii, Schw. & Torr.
rigida, Good. angustata, Boott. cespitosa, L.? aquatilis, Wahl. aurea, Nutt. crinita, Lam. oligosperma, Mz. bullata, Schk. bull. v. cylindracea. cylindrica, Zuckm. utriculata, Boott. subulata, Wz.
folliculata, L.
intumescens, Rudge. int. v. globularis. lupulina, Muh. lup. v. polystachya. scabrata, Scho. Schweinitzii, Dew. retrorsa, Schw. tentaculata, Muh. hystricina, Willd. Pseudo-Cyperus, L. longirostris, Torr. trichocarpa, Muhl. aristata, 12. Br. umbellata, Schk.
Names in Gray’s Manual.
Carex stram. v. festucacea.
cristata, Scho. crist. v. mirabilis. pedunculata, MuAl. squarrosa, L. Buxbaumii, Wahl. triceps, Ma. virescens, Muhl. eracillima, Schzo. formosa, Dev.
Davisii, Schw. & Torr.
rigida v. ? Bigelovii. stricta, Lam. vulgaris, #7. aquatilis, Wahl. aurea, Nutt.
crinita, Lam. oligosperma, Jz. bullata, Schk. monile, Zuckm. Tuckermani, Boott. utriculata, Boott. subulata, We. folliculata, Z. rostrata, Af. intumescens, Rudge.
*Grayli, Carey.
lupulina, Juhl. lupuliformis, Sarte. scabrata, Schw. _ Schweinitzii, Dew. retrorsa, Scluv. tentaculata, Wu/l. hystricina, Willd. Pseudo-Cyperus, Z. comosa, Boott. longirostris, Torr. trichocarpa, Mduhl, aristata, &. Br. umbellata, Schk.
Pennsylvanica, Lam. varia, Muhl. Nove-Anglix, Schw.
Pennsylvanica, Lam. Penn. v. Muhlenbergil. Novee-Angliz, Scho.
ololololololofololololololololololololololo Mo Molololclololololo nc)
filiformis, L. lanuginosa, Jz. vestita, Willd. pubescens, Muhl. limosa, L.
lim. v. irrigua. livida, Willd. flava, L.
(Ederi, Hhrh. pallescens, L. Torreyi, Tuckm. striata, Mz. granularis, Mvhl. laxiflora, Lam. conoidea, Schk. digitalis, Willd.
Jl lolllllollolllol lol lllllollollolllololololololololololololololololololololololololololololo
filiformis, Z. lanuginosa, Jz. vestita, Willd. pubescens, Muhl. limosa, L. irrigua, Sm. livida, Willd. flava, L.
(deri, Hhrh. pallescens, L. Torreyi, Tuckm. polymorpha, Muhl, granularis, Mul. grisea, Wahl. conoidea, Schk. digitalis, Willd.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 149
Names in N. Y. S. Flora.
Carex oligocarpa, Schh. olig. v. major. tetanica, Schh. anceps, Willd. blanda, Dev. Crawei, Dew. mss. plantaginea, Lam. Careyana, Torr. eburnea, Boott. flexilis, Rudge. arctata, Boott. debilis, Mz. miliacea, Muhl. lacustris, Willd.
eanacoeasascaa
eecaqcaoaea
Names in Gray’s Manual, oligocarpa, Schk. Hitchcockiana, Dev. tetanica, Schk. laxiflora, Lam.
lax. v. blanda. Crawel, Dew. plantaginea, Lam. Careyana, Torr. eburnea, Boott. flexilis, Rudge. arctata, Boott. debilis, Mz. miliacea, Muhl. riparia, Curtis.
The list derived from the Flora of New York comprises ninety-one species and fifteen varieties, which in the Manual are regarded as one
hundred and one species and six varieties.
Representatives of the fol-
lowing species and varieties have been added to the Herbarium since
the publication of the Flora:
Carex scirpoidea, Mz. Steudelii, Aunth. sychnocephala, Carey. alata, Zorr.
adusta, Boott. torta, Boott.
aperta, Boott. lenticularis, Mz. gynandra, Schw. platyphylla, Carey. Richardsonii, 2. Br. Sullivantii, Boott. striata, Ma. Houghtonii, Zorr. extensa, Good. glaucodea, Tuckm.
.
tent. v. altior, Boott. tent. v. unispicata, Pk.
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tentaculata v. gracilis, Boott.
Carex capillaris, L.
.
e2gagagaceaagaaaaa
retrocurva, Dev.
Muhlenbergii v. enervis, Boott. teretiuscula v. major, Koch. vulpinoidea v. platycarpa, Olney. rosea v. radiata, Dew. scoparia v. minor, Boott. adusta v. sparsiflora, Olney. straminea v. tenera, Boott. stram. v. aperta, Boott.
stram. v. Crawei, Boott.
stricta v. strictior, Gr.
stricta v. xerocarpa, Gr. laxiflora v. intermedia, Boott. laxiflora v. plantaginea, Boott. laxiflora v. latifolia, Boott. retrorsa v. Hartii, Gr. lupulina v.. gigantoidea, Dew. Emmonsii v. elliptica, Boott.
The whole number of species now known to inhabit the State is one hundred and nineteen. Adding to these the twenty-six varieties whose names are given in the preceding list and we have a total of one hundred and forty-five species and varieties.
150 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM,
(6) NEW YORK SPECIES OF LEPIOTA.
‘‘White-spored, hymenophorum distinct from the stem, veil uni- versal, concrete with the epidermis of the pileus. Lamellee free, often remote, neither sinuate nor decurrent.” — Hymen. Hurop., p. 29.
The word Lepiota has reference to the scaly character of the pileus. The species grouped under this name may be distinguished from the species of Amanita by the character of the scales of the pileus, which in that subgenus are wart-like and superficial and for the most part easily separable from the pileus, while in this they are intimately united to the cuticle, which usually breaks up into scales or scale-like fragments. On the other hand they are distinguished from the species of Armillaria by the lamellee which in most of the species do not reach the stem but are wholly free from it. In the few instances in which they reach the stem.they are but slightly attached to it, and not sin- uate or decurrent as in Armillaria.
The species are mostly of medium size, though Agaricus procerus has few rivals in length of stem, and A. Morgani in breadth of pileus. The pileus is soft and fleshy but generally rather thin. The cuticle, which is usually entire in the very young plant, soon breaks up into scales which are appressed or erect, large or small, fibrillose, floccose, granular or mealy according to the species. These scales often give an ornamental or variegated appearance to the pileus which is quite attractive. In form, the pileus in the young plant is subglobose or ovate, then it becomes convex or campanulate and finally in many species it is nearly flat with a central prominence or umbo. This umbo in such species as A. procerus and A. mastoideus is especially prominent.
The lamelle are white or whitish in most of the species. Occa- sionally they may be tinged with yellow and in a few species they assume a smoky-red or pinkish-brown hue in old age or in drying. In A. Badhami, A. meleagris and A. Americanus the whole plant changes color when wounded or in drying.
The stem in most of the species is rather slender and either hollow or stuffed with webby or cottony filaments. The annulus or ring that is attached to and surrounds the stem is sometimes slight and disap- pears in very wet weather or in old age. The spores, which are nor- mally white, sometimes assume a yellowish hue when kept a long time. A. Morgani, an Ohio species, is remarkable for producing spores of a bright-green color which soon fades to a dull-green. The spores vary
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 151
much in size in the different species and afford, in several instances,
excellent specific characters. A. procerus has very large spores, A.
cristatus small ones and A. metulesporus long ones.
Several of the species occur in woods and are especially fond of a loose soil composed chiefly of decayed vegetable matter, others grow in open grassy places, in fields, gardens and cultivated grounds. A
few are occasionally found on old stumps and much decayed wood. A, acutesquamosus, A. cepestipes, and some others are sometimes found growing 1n conservatories.
None of our species are reputed to be poisonous, yet only two, A. procerus and A. naucinordes, have been reported edible.
—~Fries divides this subgenus into two primary sections, the first con- taining the species with a dry pileus, the second, those with a viscid pileus. The first section, which has by far the greater number of species, is subdivided into five groups, all but one of which are repre- sented in our flora. Of the Mesomorphi, ‘smaller, slender species with a hollow stem, a dry pileus and an entire, not granulose lacerated cuticle,” we have not yet detected any representatives.
We have followed the system of Fries in our arrangement of the species. . SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.
soli enue ts) GLY, 222) sae os 2 2. Pileus with the margin even.......+---.-eee reese - 3 3 Annulus movable, stem more than five inches long... A. procerus. 3 Annulus not movable, stem less than five inches long, 4 4. Pileus smooth, lamella becoming pinkish-brown. . A. naucinoides. 4, Pileus rough with erect acute scales........-. Lens 5 5. Lamelle crowded, some of them forked........ A. Friesii. 5. Lamelle close, simple... ...----+ -++---++--- 4 A. acutesquamosus. 4. Pileus with fibrillose, floccose or appressed scales. . ' 6. Scales reddish or reddish-brown.......------- fh 7. Scales soon disappearing from the margin.... A. cristatus. 7, Scales everywhere persistent ...-----+----- A, rubrotinctus. 6. Scales blackish or blackish-brown. ......---++-: 8 8. Stem short, bulbous .........------+- +e eee A. fuscosquameus. 8. Stem rather long, not bulbous .. ..-.--.----- A. felinus. 6. Scales pale yellow.. ......---- seserer streets A, alluviinus. 4, Pileus with granular, branny or mealy BALES «ont 9 9. Pileus rusty-yellow or reddish-yellow, lamellee AAMEKEM p 3 joi teks wld wala 2jel 5 ofa alorevere i= a ey ys A, granulosus. 9. Pileus ochraceous-yellow, lamellz adnate ...... A. amianthinus. 9. Pileus dingy-white or brownish.......-.-.---- A. pusillomyces. ae Biles whites) i 2. o oi. eee Be Meee A. cristatellus. 9. Pileus with the margin striate or substriate .........-. 10 10. Stem enlarged above the base.......-------+---- 11 41. Plant becoming brownish-red in drying. ....-. A, Americanus. 11. Plant not becoming brownish-red in drying ... A. cepeestipes. 10, Stem not enlarged above the base........-.---- A, metulesporus. 1s; Pilens, viscid /.147~4.: -- 12 POMPilens White <2... docs. ss ons ene ee le A. illinitus.
12. Pileus alutaceous or dingy-yellow...........--- A. oblitus.
152 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
CUTICLE OF THE PILEUS DRY. PROCERI.
Annulus persistent, movable, distinct from the volva.
This tribe is distinguished by its species having a well-developed annulus,. which soon breaks loose from its attachment to the stem and thus forms a movable ring upon it, and a distinct cavity or depression in the pileus beneath the umbo for the reception of the stem.
The only representative thus far found in our State is A. procerus, but A. rhacodes, A. excoriatus, A. mastoideus and A. Morgans have been reported from neighboring States and will probably yet occur in our limits. All the European species of this tribe are classed by Fries as edible.
AGARICUS PROCERUS, Scop.
Tall Agaric. Parasol Mushroom. —
Pileus at first ovate, then broadly convex or expanded, strongly umbonate, scaly or spotted from the breaking up of the cuticle, whitish alutaceous or brownish, the deflexed margin generally silky-fibrillose, the flesh soft, white; lamelle close, free or remote, whitish, sometimes tinged with yellow or pink ; stem fall, cylindrical or slightly tapering upward, bulbous, hollow, squamose or furfuraceous, colored like the pileus, sometimes spotted, the annulus thick, firm, movable, white ; spores large, elliptical, -00055 —-0007’ long, -00035—- 00045’ broad.
Plant 5'—10’ high; pileus 3—6’ broad; stem 4’—6" thick.
Fields, pastures, roadsides and occasionally in woods. July to Sep- tember.
This Agaric resembles a parasol in shape, whence the popular name. It is easily distinguished from the allied species by its long stem, movable ring and prominent umbo. Generally the scales of the pileus are rather broad and distant from each other toward the margin, but closer toward the umbo on which the cuticle usually remains unrup- tured. For this reason the umbo is generally darker colored than the rest of the pileus. Sometimes the scales are appressed and spot-like, again they are slightly reflexed and then they give a rougher appearance to the pileus. They may be brownish, tawny-brown or reddish-brown in color. They often disappear almost wholly from the margin of the pileus which then has a whitish silky appearance. The stem is remarkable for its great length when compared with its thickness and is suggestive of the specific name, procerws. In extreme cases it is nearly or quite a foot long, though rarely more than half an inch thick. In a dried specimen before me the stem is nine inches long and one- fourth of an inch thick. The surface of the stem is in many cases
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 153
merely scurfy, jn others it is scaly from the cracking of the cuticle into small areas or fragments. Rarely it has a spotted appearance. Gen- erally the plant grows singly, but sometimes it forms large tufts or clusters.
Fries remarks that its odor and taste are pleasant and that it is edible but tough. Probably for esculent purposes it would be better to use only the younger plants.
CLYPEOLARII.
Annulus persistent, fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil which coats the stem.
In this tribe the annulus dves not become movable on the stem and the fibrils or scales of the veil clothe that part of the stem which is below the annulus and the exterior or lower surface of the annulus also. The species are mostly small or of medium size and some possess a distinct odor. .
AGARIcus FrRieEsII, Lasch. Fries’ Agaric.
‘*Pileus fleshy, soft, lacerated into appressed tomentose scales ; stem hollow, with a webby pith, subbulbous, squamose; annulus superior, pendulous, equal; lamellse subremote, linear, crowded, branched.” — Hymen.: Europ., p. 31.
Pileus fleshy but rather thin, convex or nearly plane, clothed with a soft tawny or brownish-tawny tomentum which breaks up into ap- pressed often subconfluent scales, the disk rough with small acute erect scales, flesh soft, white; lamelle narrow, crowded, free, white, some of them forked ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, sub- bulbous, hollow, colored like the pileus below the annulus and there clothed with soft tomentose fibrils which sometimes form floccose or tomentose scales, white and pruinose above, annulus well-developed, flabby, white above, tawny and floccose-scaly below ; spores .00028’ — .00032' long, .00012’ — .00016’ broad.
Plant 2’ — 5’ high ; pileus 1’ —4’ broad; stem 2 —95’ thick.
Soft loose soil in woods and low bushy places. July — September. Catskill mountains and East Worcester.
I have quoted the description of this species as it is given in Epi- crisis, because the American plant which | have referred to it does not in all respects agree with this description, but comes so near it that it can scarcely be specifically distinct. In the American plant, so far as I have seen it, erect acute scales are always present, especially on the disk, and the tomentum of the pileus does not always break up into
[Sen. Doc. No. 38.] 20
154 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
distinct areas or scales. Neither is the stem usually scaly but rather clothed with soft tomentose or almost silky fibrils) The lamellz are crowded and some of them are forked. At the furcations there are slight depressions which interrupt the general level of the edges and give them the appearance of having been eaten by insects. The plant has a slight odor, especially when cut or bruised.
AGARICUS ACUTESQUAMOSUS, Wein.
Acute-scaled Agaric.
“ Pileus fleshy, obtuse, at first hairy-floccose, then bristly with erect acute squarrose scales ; stem somewhat stuffed, stout, bulbous, pruinose above the moderate-sized annulus ; lamelle approximate, lanceolate simple.” — Hymen. Hurop., p. 31.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, obtuse or broadly subumbonate clothed witha soft tawny or brownish-tawny tomentum which usually breaks up into imperfect areas or squamz, rough with erect acute scales which are generally larger and more numerous on the disk ; lamelle close, free, white or yellowish ; stem equal, hollow or stuffed with webby filaments, subbulbous ; spores about .0003’ long, .00012’ —.00016' broad.
Plant of the same size as the last.
Woods and conservatories. Buffalo, G. W. Clinton. Albany, A. F. Chatfield. Adirondack mountains and Brewerton.
Fries remarks that this species agrees so closely with the preceding one that he thinks the two should be united. The chief differences set forth in the descriptions already quoted consist in the appressed, tomentose scales and branched lamellz of the one and the erect acute scales and simple lamelle of the other. Now in the American plants I find erect acute scales on all the specimens, both those with branched and those with simple lamelle, so that the difference between the two forms is reduced with us to that of the lamelle alone. It is therefore probable that they will have to be united. The form found in the hot houses seems to have the tomentum of the pileus less dense and the _ erect scales more numerous than in the form growing in woods. The annulus is frequently lacerated. In the specimens of the woods the erect scales are sometimes blackish in color, and they then contrast quite conspicuously with the tawny or brownish-tawny tomentum be- neath them. They vary in size and shape. Some resemble pointed papille, others, being more elongated, are almost spine-like. These are sometimes curved. They are generally larger and more numerous on the disk than elsewhere, and often they are wholly wanting on the margin.
REEORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 155
AGARICUS CRISTATUS, A. & S.
Crested Agaric.
Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, then nearly plane, odtwse, at first with an even reddish or reddish-brown surface, then white adorned with reddish or reddish-brown scales formed by the breaking up of the cuticle, the central part or disk colored like the scales ; lamellze close, free, white; stem slender, hollow, equal, smooth or silky-fibrillose be- low the ring, whitish, annulus small, white ; spores oblong or nar- rowly subelliptical. .0002' — .00028' long, .00012' —.00015' broad.
Plant 1’—2' high; pileus .5'—i.5' broad ; stem 1” — 2” thick.
Grassy places and borders of woods. June — September.
This species is easily known by its small size and the crested ap- pearance of the white pileus, an appearance produced by the orbicular unruptured portion of the cuticle that remains like a colored spot on the disk. The fragments or scales are more close near this central part and more distant from each other toward the margin, where they are often wholly wanting. The scales are sometimes very small and almost granular. In very wet weather the margin of the pileus in this and some other species becomes upturned or reflexed.
The spores when viewed in one position appear as if truncated at one-end and acute or pointed at the other, in another position they appear narrowly elliptical, the truncate end being slightly rounded. The spores of A. Friesii are somewhat similar in shape but are a little longer.
The plant usually has a distinct odor.
AGARICUS RUBROTINCTUS, Pk. n. sp.
Red-tinted Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly and broadly umbonate, at first even with a reddish or pinkish surface, a little darker and sometimes slightly rough on the disk, then adorned with appressed scales formed by the breaking up of the cuticle ; lamelle close, free, white or whitish ; stem hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the base, smooth or slightly silky-fibrillose below the annulus, whitish, the annulus well developed, membranous, white or pinkish, persistent ; spores subelliptical, wninucleate, .00035' — ,00045' long, .0002' — .00025’ broad.
Plant 1.5’ — 3.5’ high; pileus 1’— 2.5’ broad; stem 2” — 3” thick.
Thin woods and open places. July—September. Helderberg mountains and Hast Worcester.
156 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
When young this Agaric closely resembles the preceding one from which it is distinguished by its larger size, more scaly and less white pileus, larger and more persistent annulus and larger spores. The cuticle sometimes remains entire and sometimes cracks in a radiating manner toward the margin, thereby giving to the pileus a sort of fibrillose or virgate appearance. The annulus sometimes partly breaks from its attachment to the stem and becomes almost movable.
AGARICUS FELINUS, Pers. Cat Agaric.
Pileus thin, subcampanulate or convex, suoumbonate,-adorned with numerous swbtomentose or floccose blackish-brown scales; lamellz close, free, white ; stem slender, rather long, equal or slightly tapering up- ward, hollow, clothed with soft loose floccose filaments, brown, an- nulus slight, evanescent; spores elliptical, -00U25'—-0003' long, -00016’—- 0002, broad. A epee
Plant 2'—3-5' high; pileus -5’—1-5’ broad; stem 1’—2” thick.
Woods. Adirondack mountains. August and September.
This is not a common species with us, having occurred thus far only in the woods of our mountainous regions. The scales or adorn- ments of the pileus are similar in character to those of A. Friesit, but are much darker in color.. Fries unites this Agaric with A. clypeolarius as a variety, but says that it is so frequent and so con- stant in the pine woods of Europe that it deserves to be noticed sepa- rately. It is easily distinguished from A. rubrotinctus by the darker color of the scales of the pileus, by the loose fioccose filaments that clothe the brown stem, by the fugacious annulus and the smaller spores,
AGARICUS FUSCOSQUAMEUS, Pk.
Brown-scaled Agaric.
Pilens rather thin, hemispherical or convex, subumbonate, adorned with numerous substrigose, erect or reflexed blackish-brown scales; lamellz close, free, white ; stem short, rather stout, equal, hollow or stuffed with a cottony pith, clothed with loose soft dingy floccose fila- ments, bulbous, brown; annulus slight, evanescent; spores narrowly elliptical, -00025’—-0003' long, -00012’—-00015” broad.
Plant 2’—3/ high ; pileus 1-5’—2-5’ broad ; stem 3”—4" thick.
Pine and hemlock woods. Croghan. September.
This species is closely related to the preceding one, and might, per- haps, be considered a variety of it. It has the same color, but 1s dis-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 157
tinguished by its more strigose erect scales, its short but stouter bulb- ous stem, broader pileus and narrower spores. It is apparently very rare, having been detected only in the locality here given.
AGARICUS ALLUVIINUS, Pk., n. sp.
Alluvial Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex or plane, sometimes reflexed on the margin, white, adorned with minute pale-yellow hairy or fibrillose scales; \am- elle thin, close, free white or yellowish ; stem slender, fibrillose, whitish or pallid, shghtly thickened at the base, annulus slight, sub- persistent, often near the middle of the stem; spores elliptical, 00025’ —-0003' long, -00016’——- 0002’ broad.
Plant 1'—2' high; pileus -5’—1’ broad; stem 1”—1-5" thick.
Alluvial soil, among weeds, Albany. July.
In the fresh plant the scales are of a pale-yellow or lemon color, but in drying they and the whole pileus take a deeper rich yellow hue. The annulus is generally remote from the pileus, sometimes even be- low the middle of the stem.
AGARICUS METUL&SpoRUS, B. and Br.
Long-spored Agaric.
Pileus thin, campanulate or convex, subumbonate, at first with a uniform pallid or brownish surface, which soon breaks up into small brownish scales, the margin more or less striate, often appendiculate with fragments of the veil; lamell close, free, white; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, adorned with soft loose floccose scales or filaments, pallid, annulus slight, evanescent; spores long, subfusiform, -00055'—- 00075’ long, -00025'——- 0003’ broad.
Plant 2’/—3-5' high; pileus -5’/—1-5' broad ; stem 1"—2" thick.
Woods. Adirondack mountains. August and September.
This species occurs with us in the same localities as A. felinus, which it very much resembles in size, shape and general characters, differing only in color, the striate margin of the pileus and the character
_of the spores. Both were at first taken to be forms of A. clypeolarius, and were included in the description of that species in Report 23, p. 72. Judging from the published descriptions of A. clypeolarius, it is probable that in Europe also it has been made to include forms which will yet be considered distinct species. In Hpicrisis it is said to ‘‘ vary wonderfully in size and color,” and in the Hand-book of British Fungi the pileus is said to be ‘‘white, yellow, pink, rufous, brown, etc.” In Icones Select, Fries figures what he considers the typi-
158 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
cal form of the species, a form which I have not observed here, and which probably does not occur with us. It is a little remarkable that none of the published descriptions and figures of this species, so far as I have seen them, give the spore characters. Those characters are often of the utmost value in distinguishing closely related species. In regard to the spores of A. metulesporus, the descriptions do not all agree, but the discrepancies are probably due to variability in the spores and to lack of care in the examination. In Epicrisis they are said to be twice as large as in the allied species, and acutely pointed at one end. In Grevillea, Vol. I, p. 55, they are said to be nine-pin shaped or obliquely clavate. In Mycological Ilustrations, by M. C. Cvuoke, they are represented as fusiform and acute at both ends, In our plant they are nearly fusiform in shape, but varying somewhat in the character of the apices, which are sometimes acute, sometimes blunt, and sometimes acute at one end and blunt at the other. The species has a wide range, having been found in Ceylon, England and Alabama.
ANNULOSI. Annulus superior, fixed, subpersistent, universal veil adnate to the pileus.
The species of this tribe are chiefly distinguished by the well-de- veloped but fixed and rather persistent annulus. They are generally larger and more fleshy than those of the preceding tribe. In some species the lamellz, and in others the whole plant changes color in drying.
AGARICUS CEPASTIPES, Sow.
Onion-stemmed Agaric.
Pileus thin, at first ovate, then campanulate or expanded,umbonate, soon adorned with numerous minute brownish scales which are often granular or mealy, plicate striate on the margin, white or yellow, the umbo darker; lamelle thin, close, free, white, becoming dingy with age or in drying; stem rather long, tapering toward the apex, generally enlarged in the middle or near the base, hollow, annulus thin, subper- sistent ; spores subelliptical, uninucleate, .0003’ —.0004’ long, .0002’ — .0003' broad.
Plant often ceespitose, 2’/—4’ high ; pileus 1’— 2’ broad; stem 2” — 3" thick.
Rich ground and decomposing vegetable matter. Also in graperies and conservatories. Buffalo, G. W. Clinton. Albany, A. /. Chatfield.
The species takes its name from the peculiar oblong swelling or en- largement in the middle or the lower part of the stem. It is similar to
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 159
the enlargement in thé flowering stem of an onion. The plants some- times occur in tufts or clusters of many individuals. When very young the pileus is ovate and of a uniform color, but the surface soon breaks up into minute scales which rest upon a white or whitish ground color. In drying the lamelle generally assume a dingy or smoky hue, but the pileus does not generally change color. Two forms occur in hot-houses, the one having a white, the other a yellow pileus. The striations of the margin are rather deep and close and give a somewhat plicate appearance to that part of the pileus. The form that grows in the open air has shorter striations on the margin, and the stem is not so regularly enlarged in the middle, the enlargement being mostly near the base and sometimes wanting entirely. Possibly this form may be the A. rorulentus Panizzi, but it seems to me too near A. cepestipes to be separated.
AGARICUS AMERICANUS, Pk. American Agaric.
Pileus rather fleshy, at first ovate, then convex or expanded, wmbo- nate, more or less striate on the margin, the cuticle breaking up, ex- cept on the umbo, into reddish or reddish-brown appressed scales, white, flesh white; lamella rather broad, close, free, white, narrower toward the stem and there sometimes anastomosing; stem tapering upward, enlarged at or a little above the base, hollow, white, annulus rather large, but thin and flabby, sometimes separating from its attachment to the stem, occasionally evanescent ; spores subelliptical, uninucleate, ,0003' — .0004' long, .0002’ — .0003’ broad.
Plant sometimes ceespitose, 3’— 5’ high; pileus 1.5’ —4’ broad ; stem 2” — 5” thick.
Lawns and grassy places, sometimes on decaying wood. July and August.
This species has many points of resemblance to the preceding one but it islarger, with a stouter stem anda more fleshy pilens, with much broader and more distinct scales. The stem is enlarged as in that species but the enlargement is generally at or near the base. When bruised the flesh changes color and in drying the whole plant assumes a dull brownish-red or smoky-red hue, a character by which the species may be easily distinguished. The European species, A. Badhami and A. meleagris, change color under similar circumstances, but the latter be- comes red and the former saffron-red. ‘They also differ in other re- spects from our plant. This has been found by Miss Banning near Baltimore, Maryland, with a pileus sometimes seven inches in diameter. She has observed that it sometimes exudes a reddish juice when cut or
160 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
wounded. ‘The striations of the margin vary ir different plants, being sometimes distinct, sometimes obscure. I have placed this species in the tribe Annulosi because of its rela- tion to -A. cepestipes. It has also a close relation to the Proceri and might with almost equal propriety be placed among them. The an- nulus both in this and the next species ceresionally loosens from the “stem and becomes a movable ring.
AGARICUS NAUCINOIDES, Pk.
Smooth Agaric.
Pileus at first subglobose, then convex, fleshy, soft, smooth, rarely slightly squamulose or granular-mealy, white or smoky-white, flesh white ; lamelle rather broad, close, free, white, slowly changing to a dingy pinkish-brown or smoky-brown color with age or in drying; stem smooth or silky-fibrillose, equal or shghtly thickened at the base, hol- low, sometimes stuffed with webby filaments, white or smoky-white, annulus thick, persistent, white; spores subelliptical, uninucleate, .0003’ — .0004’ long, .0002’ — .0003’ broad.
Plant 2’ — 4’ high; pileus 1.5’ — 3.5’ broad; stem 3" — 5” thick.
Grassy grounds in pastures, fields and roadsides). Common. Sep- tember—November.
This is a beautiful as well as a useful Agaric. It is very regular and symmetrical in shape and generally pure white in color. Its surface is usually very smooth and even, though occasionally a slight meali- ness or granular roughness is developed on the disk and still more rarely a few minute scales appear. In a single instance I have seen the surface cracked into rather large thick scales, a result probably of un- usually wet weather. The white color sometimes gives place to a dingy smoky-white or ashy hue. The lamelle are at first white or cream- colored, but when old or dried they become smoky-brown or brown- ish tinged with pink. The stem is hollow, but, as in many other hollow-stemmed Lepiotz, the cavity often contains webby or cottony filaments, especially when young. The plant occurs late in the season and is most often found in grassy pastures and in lawns, though sometimes it occurs in corn fields and other cultivated grounds. It is liable to be confused with white forms of the common edible mush- room, A. campestris, but in that species the lamelle at first have a beautiful pink or flesh-colored hue which soon changes to a blackish- brown color. It also bears some resemblance to A. /evis and to A. cretaceus, but the former has flesh-colored and the latter brown spores. It is, however, more nearly related to its’ white-spored allies,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 161
A. naucinus, A. Schulzeri and A. holosericeus. If we may rely upon the published descriptions of these three species, the first one may be dis- tinguished from our plant by its globose spores and granulated cuticle; the second by its ovate spores, small annulus, umbonate pileus and nauseous taste; the third by its silky-fibrillose pileus and solid stem. Some discrepancies exist in the published descriptions and figures of A. naucinus, to which our plant was first referred. See Report 23, p. 72, and Report 29, p. 66. In Berkeley’s Outlines of British Fung- ology, page 94, the spores are characterized as “ very large,” but their shape is not given. In Cooke’s Mycological Illustrations they are rep- resented as globose, but small; in Hpicrisis, page 34, they are described as globose, and in Michelia, Vol. VII, p- 229, their dimensions indi- cate a length greater than their breadth. It is probable, therefore, that two or more species have been confused by authors,
As an edible species, the smooth Agaric is not at all inferior to the common mushroom. Indeed, in some respects it is superior to it. It is as large, and its flesh is as thick and white, and no less tender and savory. Its keeping qualities are better, for in the common mush- room the lamellz soon become blackish and repulsive, while in this one they retain their white color a long time, and do not become so dark-colored when they do change. It is also less liable to be in- fested by the larve of insects, and, growing as it generally does, among short grass, it is more clean and attractive in appearance. If it can be cultivated as easily as the common mushroom, it will make a very desirable and more marketable substitute for that species.
GRANULOSI.
The universal veil of the pileus and stem continuous, when rup- tured forming a slight annulus.
The species of this tribe are mostly rather small, and have the pileus and stem coated with minute warts, granules or branny parti- cles, rather than with ordinary scales. The lamelle, in some of the species, reach the stem and are slightly attached to it. Such Species serve to connect this subgenus with the following one.
AGARICUS GRANULOsUS, Batsch.
Granular Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, sometimes almost umbonate, rough with numerous granular or branny scales, often radiately wrinkled, rusty-yellow or reddish-yellow, often growing paler with age, flesh white or reddish tinged; lamelle close, rounded behind and
[Sen. Doc. No. 38.] 21
162 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
usually slightly adnexed, white; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, stuffed or hollow, white above the annulus, colored and adorned like the pileus below ‘it, annulus ‘slight, evanescent ; spores, elliptical, -00016’—- 0002’ long, -00012—-00014' broad.
Plant 1’—2-5’ high; pileus 1’—2-5’ broad ; stem 1’—3" thick.
Woods, copses and waste places. Common. August—October.
This is a small species with a short stem and granular reddish-yel- low pileus, and lamelle slightly attached to the stem, a character by which it differs from all the preceding. The-annulus is very small and fugacious, being little more than the abrupt termination to the coating of thestem. 'Thespecies was formerly made to include several varieties which are now regarded as distinct.
AGARICUS AMIANTHINUS, Scop.
Amianth Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex, subcampanulate or plane, often umbonate, coated with numerous granular and furfuraceous scales, ochraceous-yellow, sometimes radiately wrinkled, crenate-appendiculate on the margin; lamellz rather broad, close, adnate, white or yellowish ; stem rather long, slender, equal or slightly thickened at the base, stuffed or hol- low, white above, colored like the pileus and floccose-squamulose be- low the slight evanescent annulus; spores elliptical, -0002’—-00028’ long, about -00016’ broad.
Plant 1-5'—4’ high; pileus 1’/—1-4’ broad; stem 1’—2" thick.
Damp, mossy ground and much decayed wood. Adirondack mountains. August and September.
This Agaric closely resembles the preceding one, of which it is sometimes regarded as a variety. It may be distinguished by its more ochraceous persistent color, appendiculate margin, elongated stem, and by its lamellx, which are not rounded behind, but are attached to the stem by their whole breadth. The flesh is also more or less tinged with yellow. It prefers mossy, shaded ground under evergreen trees. The flocculent part of the veil is easily rubbed off and mostly disap- pears in drying. It is a pretty Agaric.
AGARICUS PUSILLOMYCES, Pk.
Small Agaric.
Pileus thin, subcampanulate or convex, subumbonate, minutely granular or furfuraceous, whitish or brownish; lamellx broad, close,free, white; stem slender, equal, scarcely annulate, rowgh with a granular mealiness, colored like the pileus; spores elliptical, -00016’—-0002’ long, -00012’ broad.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 163
Plant scarcely 1’ high; pileus 2’—4”" broad ; stem about-5” thick.
Ground under brakes, Pteris aguilina. Lake Pleasant. August.
This very small Agaric is related by its granular pileus to A. granu- losws, but its small size and different color at once distinguish it. It is apparently very rare, having been found but once.
AGARICUS CRISTATELLUS, Pk. Little crested Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex, subumbonate, minutely mealy, especially on the margin, white, the disk slightly tinged with pink; tamelle close, rounded behind, free, white; stem slender, whitish, hollow; spores subelliptical, -0002' long.
Plant the same size as the last.
Mossy places in woods. Copake. October.
This is distinguished from the last species by its white mealy pileus, narrower lamellz and smooth stem. The margin is sometimes ap- pendiculate with the minute fragments of the veil. The annulus is obsolete. ‘The white pileus and pinkish tinge of the disk suggest a resemblance in color to A. cristatus. The species has been detected but once.
CUTICLE OF THE PILEUS VISCID.
AGARICUS ILLINITUS, Fr. White-smeared Agaric.
Pileus rather thin, soft, at first ovate, then campanulate or expanded, subumbonate, smooth, white, very viscid or glutinous, even or striate on the margin; lamellx close, free, white; stem equal: or slightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, viscid, white ; spores broadly el- liptical, -0002’ long, -00016’ broad.
Plant 2’—4’ high ; pileus 1’—2-5’ broad ; stem 2’—3’ thick.
Thin or open woods. Adirondack mountains. July to September.
This is a smooth white species with the stem and pilens clothed with a clear viscid or glutinous veil. The margin of the pileus is often even, but the typical form of the species has it striate. The flesh is soft and white. The species may be distinguished from the viscid white species of Hygrophorus by the free, not adnate nor decurrent, lamelle. F
AGARICUS OBLITUS, Pk.
Smeared Agaric.
Pileus fleshy, convex or expanded, subumbonate, smooth or obscurely spotted or scaly from the breaking up of the veil, viscid, alwtaceous in-
164 THIRTY-FIFTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
clining to tawny, the umbo generally darker; lamelle crowded, free, whitish or yellowish, some of them forked ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, smooth at the top, floccose and viscid elsewhere, hollow or containing a cottony pith, annulus obsolete ; spores ellipti- cal, -0002'—-00025’ long, -00012’—-00016’ broad.
Plant 2\—3’ high; pileus 2’—3’ broad; stem about 3” thick.
Frondose woods. Lowville. September.
This species is about equal in size to the preceding one, and equally viscid. It is distinguished by its colored pileus usually adorned by a few spot-like scales and by the floccose scales or filaments of the stem. It has been found but once.
In the preceding pages, a personal name added to the station of a plant indicates the collector or contributor. When no name is added to the station the plant was collected by the writer. Dates signify the time when the plant was collected, and indicate to some extent the time of its occurrence. In the monograph of the Lepiote they indi. cate the time when or during which the species has been observed. A single accent placed above and at the right of a figure should be read “inch” or ‘‘inches,” according to circumstances; a double accent should be read “line” or “lines.” A dash between two numbers is equivalent to the word “to.”
Grateful acknowledgments are rendered to those botanists who have contributed specimens or information.
Very respectfully submitted.
CHARLES H. PECK. = ALBANY, January 4, 1882.
®
36 REGENTS REPORT
—
, . a " Y : ‘ % ° - < ; ~ : x. z f A 7 _ * . - ° . . < , ‘ ¥ re Pes m ite. 3‘
©
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST,
CHARLES H. PECK.
bis CC tfoors F ET ea? 6” REPORT OF THE BOTAN TSP:
Hon. Davip Murray, LL. D., Secretary of the Bourd of Regents of the University :
Sir — Since the date of my last report, specimens of one hundred and forty-two species of plants have been mounted and placed in the State Herbarium, of which sixty-eight were not previously represented therein. The specimens of the remaining species represent new forms or yarie- ties of species before represented, or exhibit some features or charac- ters not well shown by the older specimens. A list of the species of which specimens have been mounted is hereinafter given and marked (1).
By reason of the veto, by the Governor, of the appropriation for the |
reimbursement of the expenses of the Botanist for the years 1880 and | 1881, it was not deemed prudent by me to advance any more money to |
meet these expenses. I have, therefore, been obliged to devote myself to the accomplishment of such work as could be done with the ma- terials already on hand, and I have no additions to the Herbarium by
the collecting of the Botanist, to report. This interruption of the °
work is to be regretted since it delays 1ts completion and thereby in-
‘creases the cost. If it shall be deemed best to continue the work of
supplying deficiencies in the Herbarium and of developing a knowledge of the cryptogamic botany of our State, it is desirable that either the salary of the Botanist be increased sufficiently to enable him to meet the necessary expenses out of his own pocket, or else that an appropriation for these expenses be made in advance.
As usual, numerous specimens have been contributed to the Her- barium by various correspondents and other co-laborers in botany. A list of the contributors and of their respective contributions is marked (2).
Some of the contributed specimens represent plants that are new to ~
the Herbarium and have not before been reported, others are rare plants from newly-discovered localities, or specimens that exhibit some
30° THIRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
peculiar variation in the species, and for these or other reasons are worthy of notice. New stations of rare plants, remarks and observa- tions are recorded in a section marked (8).
Among the contributed specimens is a new species of edible fungus belonging to the genus Agaricus, subgenus Psalliota, and closely re- lated to the common edible mushroom, and its near relative the horse mushroom. The mushrooms are so interesting by reason of their fre- quent use as an article of food, and the three species mentioned are so variable and so intimately related to each other, that in pursuance of a plan already adopted in two previous reports (in which synopses of the subgenera Amanita and Lepiota have been given), I have thought best to give a full descriptive synopsis of all our New York species of the subgenus Psalliota. In this monograph the descriptions have been revised and made more complete, the dimensions of the spores have been given and copious remarks have been added with the design of pointing out more clearly the distinguishing features of the species and of aiding in their discrimination. It is marked (4).
(.) PLANTS MOUNTED.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus abortivus, Z. Raphanus Raphanistrum, Z. Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss. Viola Selkirkii, Pursh. Geranium maculatum, Z. Acer rubrum, Z. Trifolium repens, ZL. Rubus triflorus, Rich. Opuntia Rafinesquii, Hngelm. Tiarella cordifolia, L. Mitchella repens, L. Viburnum nudum, ZL. Heracleum lanatum, Wz. Tanacetum vulgare, We Vaccinium corymbosum, 1 V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Nyssa multiflora, Wang. Scutellare galericulata, L. Marrubium vulgare, ZL. Apocynum cannabinum, ZL. Polygonum orientale, Me, Fraxinus Americana, LZ. pubescens, Lam. Quercus alba, ZD. Q.
Prinus, L. Q. rubra, re Q. coccinea, Wang.
tinetoria, Bart. Populus tremuloides, Mz. e; grandidentata, Mz.
Potamogeton crispus, Z.
pusillus, Z. iE pectinatus, LZ, P. gramineus, LD. Smilax hispida, Muh. Trillium grandifiorum, Salish. Polygonatum ciganteum, Diet. iy Uvularia sessilifolia, Z. ns ier Heteronthera reniformis, R. and P. Eleocharis tuberculosa, R. Br. Scieria pauciflora, Muhl. Carex stricta, Lam. C. Muhlenbergii, Scik. C, cephalophora, Muh. C: Emmonsii, Dev. Pennsylvanica, Lam. tenera, Dew. ’ lagopodioides, Schk. A adusta, Boott. granularis, Muhl. F gracillima, Schw. cristata, Schw. vo mirabilis, Dew. virescens, Muhl. vulpinoidea, Mz. plantaginea, Zam. ; C. laxiflora, Lam, Ziazania aquatica, L. Stipa avenacea, L. Aira flexuosa, ite
- s . f ;
QANABRAAASA
~ >-
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST.
Bromus racemosus, L,
Poa trivialis, D.
Eragrostis pilosa, Bo.
Aspidium Boottii, Zuckm.
Osmunda cinnamomea, L.
Agaricus serotinus, Schrad. zruginosus, Curt.
Agaricus sapidus, Kalchb. Polyporus adustus, Willd. ee hispidioides, Pk. Trametes mollis, Sommf. Corticium leve, Pers.
C. incarnatum, Pers.
C. lilacinofuscum, B. and (.
New to the Herbarium.
Malva crispa, L.
Tillea simplex, Nutt. Sedum acre, JZ
Amarantus blitoides, Wats. Sagittaria pusilla, Vuwtt. Eragrostis Purshii, Schrad. Agaricus alluviinus, Px.
A rubrotinctus, Pk.
A, albus, Scheff. A. pascuus, Pers. A. sinuatus, 77. A. fastibilis, #7. HAY, sulcatipes, Pk. A, herens, Ph.
WAN, tiliophilus, Pk. A. nitidipes, Pk. A, epimyces, Pk.
Hygrophorus fuligineus, Prost. H. flavodiscus, Frost. Marasmius salignus, Ph. Polyporus immitis, Ph.
PB: fraxinophilus, Pk. Irpex crassus, B. and C.
Ip mollis, ’B. and C.
‘Corticium effuscatum, C. and E.
Thelephora rosella, Pk. Cyphella leta, Fr.
Phoma cucurbitale, B. and C. Spheropsis Caryx, CU. and EL. Discella hysterieila, Pk.
D. albomaculans, Pk. Glceosporium fraxinea, Pk. Septoria cannabina, Pk.
5. Sicyi, Pk.
Septoria Cirsii, Viess/.
S. Calystegiz, Sace.
8. musiva, Pk. Phyllosticta Crategi, Pk.
len variabilis, Pk. Protomyces macrosporus, Ung. Ustilago pallida, Schret. Acalyptospora Populi, Pk.
Macrosporium transversum, PX,
Alternaria tenuis, Veées. Ellisiella caudata, Sacc. Botrytis ceratioides, Pk. Dactylium dendroides, F7. Verticillium Lactarii, Pk. Cercospora Tiliz, Pk.
C.
Lepidii, Pes
C. Dature, Pk. OE varia, Pk. C. longispora, Pk. Ramularia Vaccinii, Pk.
ZB Ranunculi, Pk. Re Hamamelidis, Pk. Ry aquatilis, Pk.
Asterophora Pezize, Cd. Peziza leetiruba, Che.
P. singularia, Pk. Tympanis Nemopanthis, Pk. Cenangium betulinum, Pk. Triblidium clavesporum, Pk. Ascomyces deformans, Berk. Gymunascella aurantiaca, Pk, Valsa tomentella, Pk. Spherella fraxinea, Pk. Venturia curviseta, Pk.
(2.)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Mrs. L. A. Epilobium molle, Torr.
Millington, Glens Falis N. Y.
Miss M. Bowles Columbia, Tenn.
Polypodium incanum, Pursh.
OC. .D. Hil, Tunis, N.Y.
Calystegia Sepium, Z.
J. F. Shoemaker,
Oxybaphus nyctagineus, Sweet. [Sen. Doc. No. 53. ]
Luverne, Minn.
31
£ * ue , $4 ' 7 > ee ? ss ion <—! Me Ls a fore aa - ie } ears £5 aes For, * 32 THIRTY-SIXTH Report oN THE Srare Museu es : me ee : Charles E. Smith, Philadelphia, Penn. ' : - Corema Conradii, Torr. ‘
“»
CU. F. Cornelius, Willow Brook, N. Y. _ Cynoglossum officinale, L.
A Rev. Washington Rodman, Astoria, N. Y.
_ Agaricus Rodmani, Pk.
y 3 H, N. Johnson, Coeymans, N. Y. - Sagittaria pusilla, Wutt. Thalictrum anemonoides, Mz. Bog 2) W. C. Stevenson, r., Philadelphia, Pa.
i: Puccinia Myrrhis, Schw.
‘ . S. J. Bowman, Albany, N. Y. Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh. c
Hon. G. W. Clinton, Albany, N. Y.
Tillea simplex, Nutt. FESES OER pozoides, Bo. Amarantus blitoides. Wats. Purshii, Schrad. ae J. Howell, Arthur, Oregon, Pouecinia mirabilissima, Pk. Berberis Aquifolium, Pursh. ~ Dedalea vorax, Hark. Wood of Abies Douglassii. 7 S. B. Griswold, Albany, N. Y.
A flower of the Century plant, Agave Americana, Z.
he W. M. Canby, Wilmington, Del. -‘Tillea simplex, Wuti.
hin W. Russell, Albany, N.Y.
- A specimen of the Chinese ‘‘leechee nut.” fi “* E. L. Hankenson, Newark, N. Y. Sedum reflexum, Z. Salix cordatax sericea.
Azolla Caroliniana, Willd.
Felix von Thumen, Vienna, Austria.
Agaricus geophyllus, Sow. Stereum sanguinolentum, Fr. A. mitis, Fr. Corticium roseum, /7. phen A; sphinctrinus, Fr. C. radiosum, Fr. Polyporus cinnabarinus, Jacq. C. Juniperina, Karst. we pergamenus, Fr, Hirneola Auricula Jude, Berk, P; cuticularis, Hr. Clavaria fistulosa, H7, Merulius molluscus, Fr. C. Kunzei, Fr. Dedalea mollis, Sommf. C. cristata, Holmsk. ; eet ag sinuosus, fr, Pistillaria quisquilaris, Fr. cornucopioides, Hr, Typhula filiformis, 7. eee. ‘'Thelephora sebacea, Pers, Tremella disciformis, Fr, iY fastidiosa, Fr. _ Geaster triplex, Jungh. ati
Stereum lobatum, Kze. Mycogala parietinum, Rost.
He REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. ad Hcidium Lampsane, Schultz. Calusphaeria tumidula, Sace. AK, Thalictri, Grev. Anthostomella Yucecwe. Zhi. A Pastinaceze, Rost. Zignoella punctiformis, Sacce.
AS. Onosmatis, Zhwm. P20) Lithospermi, Thum. 7a 0 Symphyti, Zhwm. AB. Ligustri, Strauss. A, Orchidearum, Desm. Aa. Xylostei, Wallr.
AB Frangule, Schum. AB. Tussilaginis, Pers, Puccinia Oxyrie, *Feki. Asteris, Schw. Anemones, Pers. Wilcoxiana, Zhwm. crassivertex, Zum. Artemisiarum, Duby. Brachypodii, Fk. Morthierii, Hornick. Cirsii, Zasch.
rtd Mo hd hd
Urocystis primulicola, Magn.
Synchytrium Taraxaci, DeBy. Ceratitium Oxy acanthe, Desm.
C: laceratum, Sow. Uredo cancellata, D. and M. U alpestris, Schroet.
U. Tridis, Duby,
U: digitariecola, Thum.
Coleosporium ochraceum, Bon. Campanulacearum, Er.
Uromyces Cacaliz, Lev.
Vo Lathyri, Feki.
U:; Tridis, Lev.
Cronartium ribicola, Dictr.
Melampsora Euphorbie, Castr.
M. Balsamifere, Thum. M. Lini, Zui. Podosphaeria biuncinata, C. and P. iy Kunzei, Lev. Uncinula flexuosa, Pk.
U. macrospora, Pk.
U circinata, C. and P.
Calocladia penicillata, Lev. Microsphaeria Viburni, Scho. Erysiphe Martii, Zev.
E. lamprocarpa, Lev. Phyllactinia guttata, Lev, Sphaerotheca Castagnei, Lev.
s. i Niesslii, Thum. Stigmatea Chietomium, /’r. 8. confertissima, Fk,
Capnodium pelliculosum, B. and Br. Ceratostoma spurium, #7. Massaria foedans, Fr, M. inguinans, Tvl. Epichloe typhina, 7'u/. Cryptospora nigro-annulata, Rehm, Phyllachora Ulmi, Feki. Ascomyces Quercus, Cke.
; ceerulescens, Mv. A. alutaceus, Zhum. Exoascus Alni, Fekl. Bc Betule, Fkl.
Botryosphaeria Berengeriana, DeNott.
Reesleria hypogaea, P. and 7.
Gibberella pulicaris, Sace.
Coleroa Alchemillz, 77.
Ombrophila Mortheriana, Rehm
Bulgaria inquinans, 7,
Durella macrospora, ek.
Mollisia excelsior, Karst.
Helotium scutula, Karst.
H. stigmarion, Rehm.
Peziza striata, Vees.
P, flavofuliginea, A. and S.
P. carpinea, Fr.
Hypoderma Lauri, Duby.
Lophium decipiens, Karst.
Lophodermium petiolicolum, Fckl.
Gnomonia errabunda, Azod.
Phelonitis strobilina, F7.
Cladosporium fasciculare. Fr. Martianofianum, Thwm.
Cc diaphanum, Thum. (or ampelinum, Pass, Cercospora beticola, Sace.
Gs Solani, Thum.
C. Smilacis, 7hzwm.
(af Thalictri, Thum.
C, acerina, Hart.
C, persica, Sace.
(ee Rhamni, Fekl.
C. Bupleuri, Pass.
Triposporium Juglandis, T7wmn. Macrosporium Ravenelii, Thum.
M. diversisporium, Thum. Fusicladium Aronici, Sacc.
F, dendriticum, Wadllr.
F, _ orbiculatum, Thum.
1p pyrinum, Bon.
Dendryphium curtum, B. & Br. Sporidesmium Maclure, Thum. Ramularia Hellebori, Fexi.
R. didyma, Ung.
R. Nemopanthis, 0, & P.. Sporotrichum pulviniforme, Thwm. Isaria farinosa, 7.
Fusisporium Buxi, 7.
iB lacteum, Desm. : F. chenopodinum, Thum. Cystispora foliicola, Lib.
cs Therryana, Thum.
Sphacelia segetum, Lev. Gleeosporium filicinum, Rost. Sibiricum, Thum. ampelophagum, Sacc. afline, Sacc. Robergei, Desm. Pisi, Oud paradoxum, Sacc.” sphaerelloides, Sace. estalozzia Planimi, Vize. Acacie, Thum. lignicola, Cke. Diplodia carpinea, Thum.
OY AAAAD DR
34 THIRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. Te
Diplodia Incarvillex, Tum. D Henriquesii, Thum.
D. Molleriana, Thum. D. feeniculina, Thum. D radiciperda, Thum.
Dothichiza Sorbi, Lid. Micropera Pinastri, Sacc. Phoma negundicola, Thwm. Apospheria suffulta, Zum. Asteromella vulgaris, Thum. Phyllosticta Bolleana, Tiwm. P. nuptialis, Thwm. Ascochyta Lactuce, Rostr. Septoria «sculina, Thum.
Ss. leguminum, Desm. Myxosporium colliculosum, Berk. Hendersonia Foueroye, Thum. Henriquesia lusitanica, P. & T. Heliscus Lugdunensis, S. & 7.
Helminthosporium turcicum, Pass. Fusarium globulosulum, Pass. i Fusidium stachydis, Pass. ‘ Epidochium ambiens, Desm. Botrytis cinerea, Pers. Exosporium Rubi, WVees. Penicillium glaucum, Zk. Passalora bacilligera, F7. Stachybotrys lobulata, Berk. Septosporium curvatum, Rabh. Coniothecium didymum, D. & M. C. Mollerianum, Thum. Hydnum amicum, Quel.
: septentrionale, Fr. Irpex paradoxus, F7, Microcrassus candidus, Cohn. Ectostroma Mulgedii, Thwm. E. Maclure, Thum.
Prof. W. R. Dudley, Ithaca, N. Y.
Sisymbrium canescens, Vutt. Draba arabisans, Wz Alyssum calycinum, L. Hypericum Canadense, L. Dianthus Armeria, L. Trifolium hybridum, Z. Lespedeza Stuvei, Nuit. Prunus pumila, L.
Poterium Canadense, G7”. Agrimonia parviflora, Ait, Rubus neglectus,. Pk. Cratzegus coc. vy. macracantha, Potentilla recta, Wald.
igs fruticosa, L. ie palustris, Scop. Saxifraga aizoides, L. :
Cherophyllum procumbens, Lam. Lonicera hirsuta, Haton.
L. oblongifolia, Muhl. L. Xylosteum, L. L. Tartarica, LD.
Scabiosa australis, Wwf. Tragopogon pratensis, L. Polymnia Uvedalia, L.
Coreopsis discoidea, 7. & G. Pyrola sec. v. pumila, Paine. Moneses uniflora, Gr.
Gerardia purpurea, L.
Lobelia Kalmii, Z.
Calamintha acinos, Claro Onosmodium Carolinianum, D. C.
Clarence Lown, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. “i :
Cheilanthes vestita, Sw. Asplenium.ebenoides, Scott.
Amarantus blitoides, Wats.
Rumex Brittanica, Z.
Quercus Muhlenbergii, Hngelm.
Myrica Gale, L.
Naias major, All.
Sagittaria variabilis, Hngelm. { Aplectrum hyemale, WVutt.
Spiranthes Romanzoviana, Chapm.
Tris pseudacorus,
Juncus alp. v. insignis, Hr.
Elocharis rostellata, Zor.
Scirpus Smithii, Gr. j 8. planifolius, Muh.
Sh paucifiorus, Lightf
Carex Steudelli, Kunth.
Cc, tetanica, Schk.
C. Grayii, Carey.
for hirta, Z.
GC: flaccosperma, Dev. Sie C: Hitcheockiana, Dew. .
Oryzopsis Canadensis, Tor. Aira cespitosa, ZL.
Panicum virgatum, LZ.
122 hispidum, Muhl. Eragrostis capillaris, ees. Botrychinm simplex, Hitch.
2 matricariefolium, Braun. Ophioglossum vulgatum, J. Isoetes Engel. v. gracilis, Hngelm. i Azolla Caroliniana, Willd.
oS Ei ee Cs
Asplenium Bradleyi, D. C. Haton. 2
by ,
ReEpoRT oF THE Strate Boranist, 35
(3.) NEW STATIONS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
The first thirteen species noticed are new to the Herbarium, the first eleven have not before been reported. SISYMBRIUM CANESCENS, Nutt.
Watkins Glen, Schuyler county.. Professor W. R. Dudley. In the manual, this plant is reported to have been found at Lucifer Falls, Tompkins county, by J. W. Chickering, but Prof. Dudley writes that he has searched for it in vain in that locality.
MALVA crispa, L.
Roadside, Petersburgh, Rensselaer county. Escaped from gar- dens and sparingly naturalized.
LYCHNIS DIURNA, L.
With the preceding species. Also escaped from gardens and door-yards. LONICERA XYLOSTEUM, L. South Hill near Ithaca. A single shrub was found growing in a pasture where there was an abundance of Lonicera Tartarica, L. Dudley. Both species have also been introduced about Albany where the latter also takes the lead in establishing itself. SCABIOSA AUSTRALIS, Wulf. Established about Union Springs, Cayuga county. Dudley. CALAMINTHA ACINOS, Clerv. Roadsides near Ithaca. Introduced. Dudley. AMARANTUS BLITOIDES, Wats.
About Albany. G@. W. Clinton. Union Springs and Frontenac Island, Cayuga lake. Dudley. Introduced from the West. In its foliage it resembles the very common Amarantus albus, but it
has long prostrate spreading stems and branches and much larger seeds than that species.
IRIS PSEUDACORUS, JL.
Near Ithaca. Also established in two localities in alluvial soil near Cayuga lake. Dudley.
_ CAREX HIRTA, CL.
South Hill, Ithaca. Near the Delaware, Lackawana and West- ern railroad and apparently introduced. Dudley.
“MPTP Scie tar yas 77 - A °
36 THIRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. ~
_ CAREX FLACCOSPERMA, Devw. ; South Hill, Ithaca. Dudley. A stout form of Carex laxiflora var, intermedia sometimes occurs about Albany, which resembles this species in general aspect but it is readily distinguished from — it by its much longer scales and different perigynia. 3
ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES, R. PR. Scott. Near Saugerties, Ulster county. Growing on limestone rocks —
in company with the walking fern, Camplosorus rhizophyllus. O. Lown. Mr. Lown had previously found a few specimens of this — extremely rare fern about four miles south-east of Poughkeepsie. In this case as in all others it was associated with Camptosorus rhizophyllus and Asplenium ebeneum, the three growing within a foot of each other. In the Saugerties locality the Aspleniwm ebenewm, though present, was several feet distant.
SEDUM ACRE, L. Roadside, Petersburgh. Escaped from cultivation and spar- ingly naturalized.
SAGITTARIA PUSILLA, Nutt.
In the New York Flora this species is recorded as occurring on ~ ‘“muddy banks of the Hudson where the water is brackish, as at West Point and Peekskill.” The habitat attributed to it in the — Manual is, “inundated shores, from eastern New Jersey and — Philadelphia southward near the coast.” It was recently detected by Mr. H. N. Johnson along the river shore at Coeymans, a few miles below Albany. This is a long distance from the usual sta- tions of the plant and far above the reach of brackish water. 7)
THALIOTRUM ANEMONOIDES, Mz. eevee Coeymans. Johnson. This species manifests a strong disposi-
tion to produce double flowers. A few years ago Mr. Johnson
took some of the plants from their native habitat and set them in =
his garden. The past season they developed double flowers. The
exterior sepals are green and bract-like, but the inner, which are
numerous, are white and petal-like. No stamens existin any of
the flowers and no pistils in some, thus indicating that the sta- mens have been transformed into petals. i ein ay
ALYSSUM CALYCINUM, L. , ah Ae IBC ot
University grounds, Ithaca. Introduced. Dudley. me
” af mat
DRABA ARABISANS, Mz. # ies (pets
Esty Glen and shore of Cayuga lake. Dudley. «dae
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 37
i LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE, L.
Near Ithaca. Dudley. Also near Coeymans and rapidly spread- ing over the State.
LESPEDEZA STUVEI, NVuwtt. Ithaca. Dudley.
RuBuUSs NEGLEcTuS, Pk. West shore of Cayuga lake. Dudley.
POTENTILLA RECTA, Willd. Near Moravia. Dudley. AGRIMONIA PARVIFLORA, Ait. Freevyille and Danby, Tompkins Asana. Dudley.
CRATZGUS COCCINEA var. MACRACANTHA.
College campus, Ithaca and Union Springs. The thorns on the specimens are four to four and a half inches long.
PRUNUS PUMILA, L.
South Hill, Ithaca. Dudley. Some of the fruit is swollen into a pale, soft body, ovate or obovate in form and pointed at the } apex. This is the result of an ‘attack by a fungus, Hxoascus e Pruni, Fckl. This fungus also attacks the fruit of the wild plum, Prunus Americana, Marshall. I have also seen the fruit of our wild black cherry, Prunus serotina, swollen in a similar manner but the cause in this case was from an attack of an insect, te
larvee of which were found in the affected fruit.
SEDUM REFLEXUM, L.
Thoroughly established by the roadside near Newark, Wayne county. LH. L. Hankenson.
EPILOBIUM MOLLE, Torr.
Sphagnous marsh in “ Cheney’s woods,” near Glens Falls. Mrs. L. A. Millington. ‘The specimens sent are young plants and they show at the base a dense cluster of very small thick subterranean scale-like leaves, which might easily be mistaken for a cluster of small tubers. They are arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the stem, as are the leaves, and they appear whitish, thick and starchy like cotyledonous leaves. ‘Their office is apparently similar to that of cotyledonous leaves, that is, to store up nutriment upon which . the plant can draw at some subsequent period of its existence. i _ They do not appear upon the base of old plants or those which 2 have flowered and fruited. They are also found at the base of
young plants of Hpilodiwm palustre.
38 THIRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
LONICERA OBLONGIFOLIA, Muhi. Michigan Hollow, near Danby. Dudley. met as
SAXIFRAGA AIZOIDES, L. tas
Cliffs of ''aghanic ravine, near Ithaca, growing with Primula Mistassinica and Pinguicula vulgaris. Dudley.
CHROPHYLLUM PROCUMBENS, Lam. ye In “‘ Negundo woods,” near Ithaca. Dudley.
MITCHELLA REPENS, L. | Rasy
Near Moravia. M. F. Merchant, M. D. This is the form that produces white berries, concerning which Dr. Merchant writes, <©T have observed them quite closely for nearly three years and have watched their flowering two seasons and their fruiting three. The flowers are not dimorphous in this patch, but are all of one — form, all having long exserted stamens and short pistils. The fruit is copious and without any tendency to change or approach ‘ the red-fruited form. ‘he plants are thrifty and spreading and there are none of the red-fruited plants in the immediate vicinity.” abe
-
CorEopsis DiscoipEa, 7. & G. ated Shores of Dryden lake. Dudley. ati LoBELIA Kamil, L. ai
Farley’s Point, Cayuga lake, growing along the shores and in meadows. A variety with stout stem and large flowers. Dudley. val
PYROLA SECUNDA var. PUMILA, Pavne. aa Deep moss in a fir-tree swamp near Freeville. Dudley.
CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, JL.
Tunis, Lewis county. ©. D. Hill. The specimen differsfrom the ordinary form of the plant in haying the stem pubescent, the __ leaves narrow and the flower tube very short. The flowersappear — as if they were double, but in their dried and pressed condition this appearance may be deceptive.
Rumex BriTannica, L. Shores of Owasco lake inlet. Dudley.
CorEMA ConRADII, Torr.
Shawangunk mountains, Ulster county. ©. #. Smith. Long Island is the only locality in the State from which this pretty lit- tle evergreen heath-like shrub has previously been reported, Judg- ing from the localities usually ascribed to it in the manuals, this
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 39
new station is much farther inland than the plant usually occurs. Its presence here gives an additional botanical interest to the Shawangunk mountains which have already furnished several very rare and interesting species of plants.
Quercus MUHLENBERGII, Hngelm. (Q. castanea, Muhl.)
<‘Big Gully” near Union Springs. Dudley. This is the Q. Prinus var. acuminata of the Manual, Q. acuminata, Mx., but it is regarded by Dr. Engelmann as quite distinct from Y. Prinus. It is a rare species in our State, its proper home being, according to Dr. Engelmann, in the Mississippi valley. In the New York Flora it is attributed to Chemung county on the authority of Dr. Knieskern. There are two forms of it; one having lanceolate narrow leaves, five to six inches long and one and a half to two
inches broad, with acuminate apex and sharp teeth; the other _
having broadly ovate or obovate leaves, six or seven inches long and four or five inches broad, with broader and more rounded teeth. Our specimens belong to the narrow-leaved form.
Myrica GaLs, J.
Locke pond, Cayuga county. Dudley.
SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS var. HASTATA, Hngelm.
Summit marsh, Spencer, Tioga county. Dudley. The speci- men shows long linear and lanceolate phyllodia ; also stolons giv- ing rise to young plants. The variations in this well-named Sagittaria are exceedingly numerous. Specimens collected at Coeymans haye the leaves of variety latifolia, but all the flowers staminate on some plants, thus passing to the dicecious inflores- cence of variety obtusa. Specimens of variety gracilis from the same place have, in some cases, all the leaves without lobes, in others some leaves are lobed, others, lobeless. A specimen of this variety from Long lake has the fruiting heads almost sessile, as in S. heterophylla. Specimens of variety hastata and variety angustifolia also sometimes occur with dicecious inflorescence.
NAIAsS MAJOR, Al.
Foot of Cayuga lake. Aslender form with long internodes and long narrow leaves. Black lake, a shallow pond four miles below Cayuga lake. A short, stout, dark or purplish-colored leafy form with dichotomous recurved habit and slightly curved and more distinctly reticulated fruit. Dudley.
APLECTRUM HYEMALE, Nutt.
West Dryden. Dudley.
&
THE S
~
: / he ane
ae ; “Tunery-sixcen Revont oN"
Shore of pits lake, near Union es
Carex Srevpetu, Kunth. moi - Six-mile creek, near Ithaca. Dudley. 2 ehSgae
_ EracGrostis Pursuil, Schrad.
Waste places about Albany. Clinton. This southern grass is es rapidly extending its range northward. Last yearit was reported on from Yonkers, this year 1t appears to be well established at Al- arf x bany. It appears, like many other introduced plants, to folloy
__ the lines of the railroads which are a powerful agency in extend
_ ing the distribution and range of species and in intermingling the _____ floras of different localities. This grass closely resembles its ¢
=e es gener, #. pilosa, from which it is most readily distne R € bel = __ the naked axils of its panicle.
Ace ss _ ERAGRostis CAPILLARIS, Nees.
a Ithaca. SUN: A dwarf form three or four inches high.
Be | OHEILANTICES VESTITA, Sw.
for the West Shore railroad, its station ee have been destroyed
; C. Lown. iy PB
* ene . ' ~ . pre > _ASPLENIUM BraD.LeyI, D. C. Haton. ak
Shawangunk mountains, Ulster county. Lown
- Borrycurum SIMPLEX, Hitch. a Danby. Dudley. The specimens are well developed and elon Be 20 t to the varieties inciswm and subcompositum.
BorrycHIuM MATRICARL&FOLIUM, A. Braun. a
McLean, Tompkins county. Dudley. Both these species
the more rare B. lanceolatum, Angst., occur in Petersburga, R
selaer county, growing together. ‘és
_ Tsorrrs ENGLEMANNI var. GRACILIS, Lngelm. f; Locke pond. Dudley.
Ne Azouta Carouintana, Willd. hat
ae Foot of Cayuga lake. Dudley. Sodus bay. Hankenson.
Lents Cayuga lake specimens are much more dense and compact i in a ; than the Sodus bay specimens. <1 e yf re ;
a
a ay 33
LE EEN :
he ter it A " " 4 \ “ _ t A
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 41
(4.) NEW YORK SPECIES OF PSALLIOTA.
«‘Stem annulate, distinct from the hymenophorum; lamelle free.” Hymen, Europ. p. 278.
The name of the subgenus Psalliota is derived from the Greek word Wakhiov (WeddA10v), a bracelet or armlet. Its application to these Agarics was probably suggested by the annulus or ring which encircles the stem. The species of this subgenus correspond in structure to those of the subgenus Lepiota in the Leucospori or white-spore series and to those of the subgenus Annularia in the Hyporhodii or pink- spore series. ‘The tendency of the flesh in some species of Psalliota to change color when cut or bruised corresponds also to a similar tend- ency in some of the Lepiote. No corresponding subgenus has yet been established in the Dermini or ochraceous-spore series, nor in the Coprinarii or black-spore series. The Agarics belonging to the sub- genus Psalliota are generally of medium or large size and rather at- tractive in appearance until the lamellae have assumed the blackish color of age. They are most abundant in late summer or autumn, but in warm wet weather some of them occur early in the season also. The pileus is more or less fleshy but usually rather brittle or easily broken. It may be either smooth, fibrillose or scaly. Sometimes even individuals of the same species exhibit pilei with all these characters. The fibrillose pileus of a young individual may become either smooth or scaly with age. No species having a viscid pileus appears yet to haye occurred either in our State or in Europe, though an Ohio species A. fabaceus, Berk., is described as having the pileus viscid when moist. The lamellz are generally close or crowded and rounded at their inner extremity and not attached to the stem. They change color with ad- vancing age, becoming darker as they grow older. This change of color is in great measure due to the development of the spores which cause the lamellze to assume their own brown or blackish-brown hue. The lamellz of young plants are generally whitish or pallid, changing in some species, directly from this color to the brown color of maturity, and in others, assuming an intervening pinkish rosy or reddish hue before taking on the final dark or sombre color. The exceptional A. fabaceus is described as having the lamelle brown even in the young plant, but even in this case they are said to become darker with age. _ In the common mushroom, A. campestris, they may become moist or subdeliquescent when old, thus indicating a relationship with the inky species of the genus Coprinus. The stem is fleshy and furnished with an annulus or ring, which in some species varies in its degree of de- velopment, and in others is more or less thin and somewhat evanes- [Sen. Doc. No. 53.] 6
42 ' ‘Tutetry-sixtH REpoRT ON THE STATE MuSEUM.
cent.. The spores in our species are quite small, elliptical or r aaellepe tical in outline. and do not vary greatly in dimensions in the different — species. = vie |
Fries groups the European species in two sections which he names ««Edules,” and “Minores.” The former group includes the larger and more fleshy species. Several of them are edible and have long Ms been used as an article of food. No representatives of the“ Minores” i have yet been found in our State. Of the ‘“‘ Edules” we have several species which may again be divided into two sub-groups depending on their usual habitats. Those which grow in open places, manured grounds or cultivated fields generally have a thicker, firmer pileus and a comparatively shorter stouter stem than those that grow in copses groves and woods. It is among these especially that the most notable succulent “mushrooms” are found.
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE SPECIES.
Growing in fields, open places or cultivated grounds........ oe 2 2. liamelle at first whitish or pallid..... .s...022..0260 AAs 3 2. Lamelle at first pinkish or flesh colored................ A. campestris.
Sauamelice Narrow, ‘Stem Sli 1s pce 1s \ciot ie wiclesete ...- A. Rodmani, 3. Lamellze broader, stem stuffed or hollow........... A, arvensis. 1. Growing in woods, copses or ZroveS...........+..0e00e Dose 4. ESE D ON MDE US. Sue prakcrace tol s wie lsye ie alae 2 Stays. Gh eine wine Sloe wraeiere a Pes SEEM NOt DOUS (:).\2 sb socks sae d lo. ced ins eR 6 PEL MoUS SNOOLD 4.6). canis ittnictd cette 6 balers hole Sid are miaeioiee A. silvicola, Dep AICUR AGI ANTULOSG:/ sre ieee paibiols) ine, ei clavalege ala cla = mies A. placomyces. 6. Pileus two inches or more in diameter......... A. silvaticus.. 6, Pileus less than two inches in diameter ........ A, diminutivus, —
AGARICUS CAMPESTRIS, L.
Common Mushroom. Edible Mushroom. Field Agaric.
Pileus at first hemispherical or convex, then expanded with de-— curved mar gin or nearly plane, smooth silky floccose or hairy squamu- — ae lose, the margin extending beyond the lamelle, the flesh rather thick,- — firm, white; lamellz free, close, ventricose, at first delicate pink or flesh color, then blackish-brown, subdeliquescent ; stem equal or slightly thickened toward the base, stuffed, white or whitish, nearly or quite smooth; annulus at or near the middle, more or less lacerated, some- times peericeasni ; spores elliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to 0002 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 1.5 to4 in. or more broad, stem 4 to 8 lines thick.
Fields, pastures, manured grounds, mushroom beds, etc.
This is the well-known “ edible mushroom,” aspecies which is more — extensively cultivated and more generally used as food than any other. — With proper attention to its characteristic features there is no a ht! ye ;
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 43
its being mistaken for or confused with any deleterious or poisonous species.
The pileus is nearly always regular in shape, rather thick and mod- erately firm, hemispherical or convex when young but usually becom- ing more flattened or nearly plane with age.
In its young state it is adorned with fine silky or hairy fibrils which sometimes, with advancing age, form minute persistent tufts or scales and sometimes disappear altogether, leaving the surface quite smooth. The decurved margin usually extends a little beyond the extremity of the lamellz. The cuticle or skin is more or less readily separable from the flesh, which is white, but sometimes manifests a tendency to change color slightly when cut or bruised, and to exhibit pinkish or reddish stains. The color of the pileusin the wild form is usually white or whitish with us, but in the cultivated forms it is often ochrey- brown or pale tawny, and varieties sometimes occur in which it is brown.
The lamelle have a very beautiful and delicate pinkish hue which is apparent as soon as they are exposed to the light by the separation of the concealing veil from the margin of thepileus. This color grad- ually becomes darker with advancing age until it finally changes to a dark brown or almost black hue. This character 1s one of the best by which to distinguish the ‘‘ edible mushroom ” from all other Agarics, except its nearestallies, A. Rodmani and A. arvensis. And even from these, when young, it may readily be distinguished by the primary color of its lamellae. The subgenera Annularia and Pluteusin the pink-spore series contain species the lamelle of which exhibit similar pinkish colors, but these never change to brown or blackish-brown as the plant matures or becomes old. In the mushroom the lamelle are rounded at their inner extremity and not attached to the stem, so that generally in mature specimens there is a small free space between it and them.
The stem is commonly short in proportion to the breadth of the pileus, its length being, in most cases, less than the horizontal diame- ter of the pileus. Ordinarily it is cylindrical in shape, though now and then instances occur in which it may either be slightly thickened or slightly narrowed toward the base. The central portion of the stem is a little softer in texture than the external portion, hence it is said — to be stuffed. The annulus encircles it at or near the middle. It is sometimes quite thin and flabby and is then easily torn and destroyed.
The mushroom, like many other plants which have been the sub- ject of long and extensive cultivation, has given rise to several forms which exhibit quite marked distinctive features. These forms differ
: Pea iis from the original fepioalet form that oe have received di _ tinguishing names and are called varieties. The following are. th ez s ~ principal ones. 7 _-~*Var. albus. White variety. Pileus smooth or slightly silky-Abrile 4 .. aie, white or whitish, stem short. ; This is our most common variety. It occurs in unfrequented streets,
rae csi places, cultivated grounds and especially in rich pastures where ie the grass is kept short. It usually appears in August and Sepeatem gn ‘a but sometimes in warm, wet weather it is found early‘in the season. = : A very large form with the pileus six or seven inches broad sometimes _ _ occurs. Var. praticola. Meadow variety. (A. praticola, Vitt.) (A. pratensis, Handbook.) Pileus adorned with reddish scales, flesh somewhat.
tinged with pink. This variety must be uncommon with us. I haye | A seen no examples of it, nor of the three following varieties : -‘Var. umbrinus. Brown variety. ileus smooth, brown; stem stont and minutely scaly. ra --—*Var. rufescens. Reddish variety. Pileus reddish, minutely scaly;
2 lamelle at first white; stem elongated; flesh turning bright red when — cK , cut or bruised. This departs so decidedly from the ordinary charac- a ters of the type, especially in the white color of the young lamella a that it seems to merit separation as a distinct species. athe __. Var. villaticus. Villa variety. (A. villaticus, Brond.) Plant pets a pileus scaly; stem scaly, coated or subvolvate by the inferior veil. — In the Handbook of British Fungi this is placed as a variety of A. ar-— __vensis, but most authors regard it as a variety of A. campestris. ; iz Var, hortensis. Garden variety. Pileus brownish or ochrey-brown, — : bearing hairy fibrils or minute scales. This is often cultivated and i is : occasionally exposed for sale in the markets of Albany. Var. Buchanani, Buchanan’s variety. Pileus white, smooth, de- _ pressed in the center, the margin naked; stem stout; annulus thin, ts _ Jacerated. A rare variety sometimes occurring in mushroom beds. Var. elongatus. Long-stem variety, Pileus smail, smooth, convex, _ the margin adorned with the adherent remains of the lacerated veil ; 5 stem long, slender, slightly thickened toward the base; annulus io ay Bight or evanescent. ‘This is also a variety of mushroom bed Var. vaporarius, Green- house variety. Ne vaporarius, ae Pileus
coming Be eecscly scaly. Conservatories, cellars, ete. greatly from Var. hortensis.
. ¥ . - te } M4 m s
me) - 7 WaPratee %
REPORT OF THE SraTE BOrTANIST. 45
AGaricus RopMant, PA. Rodman’s Mushroom.
Pileus rather thick, firm, at first convex, then nearly or quite plane, with decurved margin, smooth or rarely slightly rimose-squamose on the disk, white or whitish, becoming yellowish or subochraceous on the disk, the flesh white, unchangeable ; lamelle close, narrow, rounded behind, free, reaching nearly or quite to the stem at first whitish, then pink or reddish-pink, finally blackish-brown; stem short, subequal, solid, whitish, smooth below theannulus, often furfuraceous or slightly mealy-squamulose above; annulus variable, thick or thin, entire or lacerated, at or below the middle of the stem ; spores broadly ellipti- eal or subglobose, generally uninucleate, .0002 to .00025 in. long, .0U016 to .0002 in. broad.
Plant 2 to3 in. high; pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 6 to 10 lines thick.
Grassy ground and paved gutters. Astoria, Long Island. Rev. W. Rodman. Washington Park, Albany. May to July.
This species is intermediate between A. campestris and A. arvensis, from both of which it may be distinguished by its narrow lamelle, solid stem and smaller, almost globose, spores. In size, shape of the pileus and general appearance it most resembles A. campestris, but in the whitish primary color of the lamellz and in the yellowish tints which the pileus often assumes, it approaches nearer to A. arvensis. The pileus, which is usually smooth, occasionally manifests a tendency
to crack into small areas or scales on the disk, The flesh is quite |
thick and firm, its thickness generally much exceeding the breadth of the lamelle. This character, together with the solidity of the stem, indicates a disposition in the species to produce flesh rather than fruit and may make it more desirable for cultivation than the common mushroom. ‘'he length of the stem, in all the specimens I have seen, is less than the breadth of the pileus. Its shape is nearly cylindrical. The annulus is generally rather thick and sometimes projects both above and below in such a manner that it appears like a grooved band
or collar surrounding the stem. In some instances it is so near the
base that it suggests the idea of a volva. Its lower or exterior surface is occasionally rimose, thereby indicating another point of resemblance between this species and A. arvensis. In this respect, as well as in its solid stem and narrow lamelle, it also approaches A. augustus, a large and showy European species which has not yet occurred with us, but which may be known by its lamelle changing at once from the pallid color of immaturity to the dark-brown hue of age, without exhibiting any intervening pinkish tints.
AAT ry
It has been tested by Mr. G. Rodman. It is apparently a rare species, Aad - but may be more common than is supposed, for it may possibly have
color on the disk.
‘some species, often turning yellow when bruised.”
46 THIRTY-SIXTH REPORT ON THE STATE. MUSEUM.
The species is respectfully dedicated to its discoverer. Its edible | tf qualities are deemed equal to those of the common edible mushroom.
been heretofore confused with the common mushroom, whichit much — resembles in color, the pileus being at first white or whitish, although it soon assumes yellowish tints or becomes a pale ochrey-red or russet
AGARICUS ARVENSIS, Scheff. Horse Mushroom. Plowed-land Mushroom.
Pileus at first convex or conical-campanulate, then expanded, at first more or less floccose or mealy, then smooth, white or yellowish, flesh - white ; lamelle close, free, generally broader anteriorly, at first whitish, then pinkish, finally blackish-brown ; stem equal or slightly thickened toward the base, smooth, hollow or stuffed with a floceose pith ; an-— nulus rather large, thick, the lower or exterior surface often cracked in a radiate manner; spores elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, yl to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 5 in. high ; pileus 3 to 5 in. or more broad; stem 4 to 10 lines thick.
Cultivated fields and pastures. Summer and autumn.
‘This species is so closely related to the common mushroom that it is regarded by some authors as a mere variety of it. Kyen the re- nowned Persoon is said to have written concerning it, ‘‘ It appears to be only a variety of A. campestris.” Cordier says of it, ‘* Distinguished from A. campestris by its pure white color, more pale lamelle, its white flesh not changing color when cut or bruised, its lamelle re- maining pale a long time and not deliquescing.” Fries also says that ~ it is commonly not distinguished from A. campestris, but that it ig diverse in some respects; its white flesh being unchangeable, its la- mell never deliquescing, remaining a long time pale and not becom-
ing dark red in middle age. Berkeley says of it, “ A coarse, but whole- —
In size the horse mushroom often exceeds the common mushroom, its pileus, according to the Handbook, sometimes attaining a breadth ~ of eighteen inches and its stem a thickness of one to two inches, The white color of the pileus often becomes tinged with yellow, either with age or in drying. The pale primary color of the lamelle, the thick, well-developed annulus and the hollow stem are availible features for distinguishing it from its close allies, It is less common with us than A. campestris, to which in edible qualities it is very similar. A. Georgii, Sow., A. pratensis, Scop., A. edulis, Krombh., and A. ex- — quisitus, Vitt., are synonyms. i}
SA Wee LNshh Phe) ¥ Tis GP Ce eae Va a a at AY Avyrok
ReEeporRT OF THE StTaTeE BOTANIST. 47
AGARICUS SILVICOLA, Vitt.
Silvan Mushroom.
Pileus convex or subcampanulate, sometimes expanded or nearly ~~ plane, smooth, shining, white or yellowish ; lamelle close, thin, free, oh rounded behind, generally narrowed toward each end, at first whitish, i then pinkish, finally blackish-brown ; stem long, cylindrical, stuffed or is hollow, white, dudbous ; annulus either thick or thin, entire or lac- on erated ; spores elliptical, .00025 to .00032 in. long, .00016 to .0002 in, \ broad.
Plant 4 to 6 in. high; pilens 3 to 6 in. broad; stem 4 to 8 lines
thick. Woods, copses and groves or along their borders. Summer and autumn.
: Many authors place this as a variety of A. campestris, but as it occurs with us its characters are very constant and well marked and enable it to be distinguished from that species with great facility. It generally attains a larger size, has a smoother, more shining pileus, which is usually tinged with yellow, it has the primary color of the lamelle whitish, and its stem is longer and proportionately more slender and distinctly bulbous. It has, as Fries suggests, more points of resemblance to 4. arvensis than to A. campestris, but its bulbous stem at once separates it from that species. ‘The bulb is peculiar, it | being small but very abrupt and depressed or flattened like a common - turnip. The pileusis thin in proportion to its breadth and is quite fragile, so that the plants must be handled with care to prevent its being broken. In mature plants the margin of the pileus sometimes has a lurid or dull purplish tint, which is probably derived from the color of the spores. The annulus is often tinged with yellow exteriorly and is sometimes a radiately rimose on the lower surface like that of A. arvensis. In 3 some instances fragments of 1t remain attached to the margin of the pileus. The plants sometimes grow in close groups or tuft-like clus- ters. A. edulis, Berk., is given as a synonym.
It is reported to be esculent, but I have not tested it. Persons un- acquainted with it should guard against confounding immature speci- mens of it with the white forms of the phalloid agaric, A. phalloides, @ poisonous species which grows in similar places and bears some. resemblance toit. The poisonous dA. phalloides has a much larger bulb to the stem and the lamellx remain permanently white or whitish, showing at no ageeither the pinkish or blackish-brown hues which are so conspicuous in A. silvicola.
or subumbonate, fibrillose or variegated with a few thin tawny brown- ae
-brown; stem smooth, stuffed with asmall pith slightly tapering upward, eho, whitish, the bulb stained with yellow and usually giving rise — to one or two mycelioid white root-like processes; annulus large, me
inane dad PLACOMYCES, PE. jonah
Fiat-cap Agaric.
Pileus fleshy but rather thin, at first convex or campanulate, then . expanded and quite plane, sgwamulose, whitish, the disc and minute scales brown ; lamellz close, free, white, then pinkish, finally blackish- “
flabby; spores elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 to 00018 in. broad.
Plant 3 to 5 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 Hines | thick.
Under hemlock trees. Oneida and Knowersville. July.
This rare but beautiful Agaric is easily distinguished from its allies by the bulbous stem and the perfectly flat ae surface of the ex-_ panded pileus finely adorned by numerous minute brown scales. Thesen . scales are confluent on the disk where they form a brown spot, thus — imitating in appearance many species of thesubgenus Lepiota. Some- times faint radiating strie extend from the anes to the margin of the — pileus. In damp weather the large thin annulus is sometimes studded —_ with drops of moisture of a dark color. Nothing is known concern- ing the edible qualities of the species. The specific name is derived from two Greek words, zlaxous, a flat cake, and yuxys, a fungus, — ‘ and has reference to the very flat horizontally expanded pileus.
1 « eA
AGARICUS SILVATICUS, Scheff.
Wood Agaric.
Pileus thin, at first convex or campanulate, then expanded, gibbous oe
ish or reddish-brown spot-like appressed scales, whitish, brownish OF ees smoky gray, the disk sometimes tinged with red or vedic brown, the | ope flesh white or faintly reddish ; lamelle thin, close, free, narrower ; <3 toward each end, reddish, then blackish-brown ; stem rather long, — equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, whitish ; spores ee 5 .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 to .0002 in. broad. :
Plant 3 to 5 in. fae pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 4 to 6 lines thick,
Woods. Summer and autumn. Not common.
The absence of a bulbous base to the stem and the fibrillose or foebly: scaly pileus which is more or less gibbous or umbonate, serye to dis- — tinguish this from the two preceding species. Concerning its edibility,
led
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 49
Cordier says that it is at least suspicious and that Vivian pronounces it ‘‘ pernicious.” Its odor is strong and its flesh when cut assumes a slight yellowish tint.
AGARICUS DIMINUTIVUS, Pk. Diminutive Agaric. *
Pileus thin, fragile, at first convex, then plane or centrally de- pressed, sometimes slightly umbonate, whitish or alutaceous, faintly spotted with small thin silky appressed brownish scales,the disk brownish or reddish-brown ; lamellz close, thin, free, ventricose, brownish-pink becoming brown, blackish-brown or black ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, smooth, pallid ; annulus thin, per- sistent, white; spores elliptical, .0002. in. long, .00015 to .00016 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Woods. Croghan and Sandlake. Autumn.
This isa small but symmetrical and beautiful Agaric. It is perhaps too closely related to the preceding species of which it may possibly prove to be a mere variety or dwarf form. Its pileus is quite thin and fra- gile. ‘Usually the darker or reddish hue of the disk gradually loses it- self in the paler color of the margin, but sometimes the whole surface is tinged with red.
In closing this brief report my most cordial thanks are tendered to those botanists who have aided me by contributing specimens and in- formation, and their continued co-operation in the work now well ad- vanced is most earnestly solicited.
Respectfully submitted, CHAS. H. PECK.
ALBANY, January 8, 1883.
[Sen. Doc. No. 53. ] @
BULLETIN
OF THE
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
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| NATURAL HISTORY 37 REGENTS REPORT
MV Ot sO: 12
May 1887
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BOTANY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK BY CHARLES H. PECK STATE BOTANIST
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM
be ALBANY Pen pie.) CHARLES VAN LENTHUYSEN & SONS
1887
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REPORT OF THE BOTANIST, 1885.
————$——$—— ————
a? REPORT. | **
To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State - of New York:
GENTLEMEN — The work of the year now past has been devoted to the poisoning, mounting and labeling of specimens of plants, to their collec- tion, and in some instances to figuring them, in order to preserve as completely as possible the appearance and characters of the fresh grow- ing plant, or to present to the eye at a glance the minute microscopic details and spore characters. Aid has also been rendered to several cor- respondents by identifying for them specimens of plants sent for that purpose, a work whereby knowledge is disseminated and the advantages of the herbarium are distributed and in a measure rendered available to those even who are not able personally to consult it. Attention has also been given to the examination of diseased specimens of cultivated
lants, which have been sent for that purpose, in order that the cause of the affection might, if possible, be aScertained. Some time has also been spent in revising a part of the collection of fungi in the herbar- ium, the necessity for which is hereinafter set forth.
Specimens of one hundred and forty-nine species of plants have been mounted‘and added to the herbarium of the State Museum of Natural History, forty-four of which were not previously represented therein. The specimens of the remaining one hundred and five species serye to improve or render more complete the representation of the species ox exhibit some form or variety of the plant not previously shown. The mounted specimens include both collected and contributed ones. A list of their specific names accompayies this report and is marked (A). A list of the names of contributors and of the species repre- sented by their respective contributors is marked (B).
_ The operation of the Executive veto of the appropriation for the ex- penses of the Botanist in the year 1882 extended over a considerable part of the past year, consequently but little collecting could be done. The appropriation made for this purpose at the last session of the Legislature was not available until October first, the beginning of the present fiscal year, and then the season for field work had nearly closed. But a part of the summer was so favorable to the production of Agarici and other fleshy fungi that I was unwilling to let so good an opportunity pass unimproved. Accordingly I collected what I could in the counties of Albany and Rensselaer without incurring a greater expense than I was able and willing to bear out of my own pocket. The result was the collection of specimens of more than a hundred species of fungi, of which thirty-two are new to our State and several are new to science. The descriptions of the new species
64 ‘THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
are contained in a part of the report marked (C). I have also added to this part of the report descriptions of new species contained in the Thirty-second Report, but which were never published in such a way as to be generally available to the public or to those most interested in having them.
The recent publication of the second volume of Prof. P. A.Saccardo’s great work, Sylloge Fungorum, completes that part of the work which pertains to the Pyrenomycetous fungi and gives to mycologists a new system of arrangement and classification of the vast group of Sphzeriaceous fungi. While this system recognizes as primary groups or families the Perisporiacee, Spheriacew, Hypocreacew, Dothideacee, Microthyriacez, Lophiostomacee and Hysteriacez, the characteristics of which are based chiefly on external features, after the manner of the old system, it divides these families into sections whose characters are derived from the spores. By a most happy, simple and uniform system of nomenclature the very names of these sections are made to indicate their distinguishing characters and thereby to greatly simplify the system and facilitate the study, identification and classification of the numerous species. Many new genera have been introduced, some of which appear to be founded on rather slight characters, yet as a whole the system so ingeniously combines and employs both the ex- ternal salient features and the internal spore characters of these fungi that it readily commends itself to fayorable consideration. I am not aware that it has more than a single decided opponent, and in my opinion it will be adopted and followed in its general features by nearly if not quite all mycologists. I have, therefore, devoted some time to a revision of our collection of these fungi, that the nomenclature and arrangement Of the specimens may Keep pace with the advancement of the science and be in harmony with the new order of things thus introduced. ‘This revisionary work is not yet fuily completed. The great number of new genera requires the re-examination and re-labeling of many of the specimens. I have prepared a list of the names of our Spheriaceous fungi, brought down to and including those of the thirty-first report, in which axe placed in the left hand column the names as they stand under the new arrangement, in the right hand column the names as given under the former system of arrangement whenever they differ from the others. This list is marked (F).
A record of species new to our flora, but already described, new stations of rare plants, remarks upon new or noticeable varieties, etc., are given in a part of the report marked (D)
In pursuance of a plan devised for the purpose of giving to the public more complete and satisfactory descriptions of certain groups of our fungi than can be found in any works yet published. I have ' prepared monographs of the three genera, Paxillus, Cantharellus and
Craterellus, so far as they are represented in our State. This part of
the report is marked (E). Respectfully submitted, CHAS. H. PECK, Botanist. ALBANY, December 31, 1883.
eo pl Rete 1B. =f
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
. List of plants mounted.
. Names of contributors with their respective contributions.
. Descriptions of new species of New York fungi.
. Additions other than new species with remarks and observations.
. Monograph of New York species of fungi belonging to the genera
Paxillus, Cantharellus and Craterellus.
. Names of New York species of Pyrenomycetous fungi according
to the Saccardoan system of arrangement. [Sen. Doc. No. 60.] 9
66 THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE —
(A.)
PLANTS MOUNTED.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus abortivus, Z. Podophyllum peltatum, Z. Sarracenia purpurea, L. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Alyssum calycinum, Z. Draba arabisans, Mx. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Ma. Tilia Americana, L. Rhus typhina, ZL. Geranium Robertianum, LZ. Acer rubrum, J. Lupinus perennis, Z. Lespedeza Stuvei, Vutt. Prunus Virginiana, L. iP: serotina, Hhrh. Crategus pyrifolia, Ait. coccinea, L.
Poterium Canadense, Gr. Potentilla recta, Willd. Rubus villosus, Aié. R. Canadensis, L. R. neglectus, Ph. Pyrus Americana, D. C. Saxifraga aizoides, L. Epilobium molle, Torr. E. palust. v. lineare, Gr. Apium graveolens, L. Lonicera oblongifolia, Mul. Viburnum Lentago, L.
: Opulus, L. ihe dentatum, Z. Cornus alternifolia, a Galium lanceolatum, Torr. Erigeron strigosum, Muhl. Coreopsis discoidea, 7. & G. Lobelia Kalmii, Z. Vaccinium corymbosum, ZL. Rhodora Canadensis, ZL. Cynoglossum officinale, L. Convolvulus arvensis, JZ. Calystegia sepium, L. Amarantus blitoides, Wats. tumex Britanica, ZL. Corema Conradii, Torr. Morus rubra, ZL. Urtica gracilis, Ait. Carya porcina, Nutt. Quercus macrocarpa, Ma. (). Muhlenbergii, Hngeln. Abies nigra, Poi. Potamogeton pauciflorus. Pursh.
Alisma Planta. v. Americanum, (7.
Naias major, //.
Sagittaria variabilis, Hngelm. Spiranthes Romanzoviana, Cham. Aplectrum hyemale, Nuit. Habenaria hyperborea, R. Br. Trillium erect. v. album, Pursh. Juncus Can. v. coarctatus, Hngelm. Scirpus Smithii, Gr.
Carex Steudellii, Kunth.
C Houghtonii, Torr.
C tetanica, Schhb.
C. virescens, Muhl.
C. mirabilis, Dew.
C stram. v. festucacea, Boott. C. Hitchcockiana, Dew Panicum dichotomum, ZL.
RP: Crus-galli v. hispidum, MuAl. Eragrostis capillaris, Mees. EK. poroides, Beauo. E. Purshii, Schrad.
Danthonia spicata, Beaue,
Cinna pendula, Trin.
Festuca nutans, Willd.
Asplenium Br adleyi, Eaton.
Aspidium Goldianum, Hook. ; Botrychium lanceolatum, Angst. B. matricarizfolium, A. Br: Isoetes Engel. v. gracilis, Engelm. Azolla Car oliniana, Willd. Parmelia oliv. v. aspidota, Ach, Agaricus vaginatus, Bull. vulgaris, Pers, granulosus, Batsch. melleus, Vahl. arvensis, Scheff. petaloides, Bull. tener, Scheff. foenisecii, Pers. preecox, Pers. flavescens, Ph. Hygrophor us borealis, Pk.
H. luridus, B. & @. Lactarius distans, Pk.
L. pyrogalus, Bull. Cantharellus cibarius, 77. Russula nitida, Pers,
Rh. flavida, Frost.
R. variata, Banning. Polyporus brumalis, Pers. Hydnum zonatum, "Batsch.
H. eraveolens, Delast. Phallus impudicus, Z. Gnomoniella fimbriata, Sace.
PPPP PEPE p:
Strate Museum or Natura Hisrory. 67
New to the Herbarium.
Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt.
Lonicera Xylosteum, L. Scabiosa australis, Wulf. Hieracium Pilosella, Z. Calamintha acinos, Clerz. Atriplex hortensis, LZ. Carex hirta, L.
C. flaccosperma, Dew. Phalaris Canariensis, L. Asplenium ebenoides, Scott. coe pantherinus, D. C. infantilis, Pk. phyllophilus, Fr. pithyophilus, Seer. basidiosus, P&. alcalinolens, Pk. aquosus, Bull. clavicularis, 7H’, albinellus, Ph. Rodmani, Pk. fuscofolius, Pk. castanellus, Ph,
roe ee ee ee ee
Agaricus bullaceus, Bull. Paxillus simulans, Pk. Lactarius albidus, Pk.
L. cilicioides, Fr.
L. lividus, Pk.
L. deceptivus, Ph, Russula albida, Pk.
R. uncialis, Pk. Cortinarius simulans, Pk.
C. cinnabarinus, Fr, C. gracilis, Pk.
C. praepallens, Pk.
Hygrophorus virgineus, 7. H. minutulus, Pk. Hydnum albidum, P%.
H. rufogriseum, Pk. H. hirsutum, Pk. H. scrobiculatum, Fr.
Melanogaster Americanus, Ph, Valsa sepincola, Fekl. Cryptospora Betule, Tul.
68 THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT.
(B.) CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Mrs. S. M. Rust, Syracuse, N. Y. Atriplex hortensis, L.
Mrs. I. B. Sampson, Albany, N. Y.
Stellaria pubera, Ma. | Rhodora Canadensis, L. Mrs. C. M. Ferry, Oneida, N. Y. Agaricus trullisatus, Zidis. Geaster hygrometricus, Pers.
Lenzites betulina, 7’. F. W. BatTersHatL, Clyde, N. Y.
Geranium Robertianum, L.
Prof. W. G. Fartow, Cambridge, Mass.
Puccinia obscura, Schreet. Cercospora Pyri, Parl.
P: Lantane, Farl. : leptosperma, Pk. Isariopsis pusilla, Pres. Entyloma Lobeliz, Farl. Peronospora Linariz, Fekl. E. Compositarum, Farl, Microstroma leucosporum, Niess/. E. Menispermi, /. & T.
A. B. S—ymour, Cambridge, Mass.
ZEcidium Hibisciatum, Sch. Puccinia Tanaceti, D. C. ZB. Orobi, Pers. P: Gentiane, Strauss. Zi. Amorphe, Che. ie Amorphe, Curt. Uromyces pyriformis, Che. Ee Hyssopi, Schw. Dy: Sparganii, C. & P. iP. lateripes, B. & K. a Junci, Scho. iP. Kuhnie, Schw. Microsphera elevata, Burrill. = Silphii, Schw. erineophila, Peck. ‘Pp; Aletridis, B. & (0.
Prof. WM. TRELEASE, Madison, Wis. Oidium irregulare, Pk.
Tt
Ir) MO. b ¢ ‘ | aA » OA
BUM LE TEIN
OF THE
NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
OF
mATURAL HISTORY
NW OL Ose
May 1887
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BOTANY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK BY CHARLES H. PECK STATE BOTANIST
PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM
ALBANY CHARLES VAN BENTHUYSEN & SONS 1887
CON PE INS:
PAGE
* Descriptions of new species of New York fungi-_-..----.--- 5 Additions to the flora of the State of New York in 1883, with
maureen: ObSerVablONS...=.- 2)... 2. kb coe ce ee 25
Descriptions of New York species of fungi belonging to the genera Paxillus, Cantharellus and Craterellus_.......-.---- 29 Names of New York species of Pyrenomycetous fungi according to the Saccardoan system of arrangement__..-_--.--.-.-- 49
Descriptions of New York species of viscid Boleti..-.-_..---- 57
* The titles of the first four articles were enumerated in the Thirty-seventh Report on the State Museum, but the articles were not printed. A revision of them is here given.
: rae § nee i, x) Pa De MTA BAPA ARS ee 4:
NEW SPECIES OF NEW YORK FUNGI.
Tricholoma infantilis,
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, even, minutely silky, moist in wet weather, reddish-gray, the margin when young incurved and whitish ; lamellz subdistant, plane or slightly ventricose, often eroded on the edge, whitish ; stem short, equal or tapering upward, hollow, slightly silky, colored like the pileus or a little paler; spores broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad, often containing a shining nucleus.
Plant gregarious, pileus 4 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 1.5 in, high, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Gravelly soil in fields. Sandlake. June.
This is a very small species belonging to the section SERICELLA and related to Tricholoma ccelata, from which it is distinguished by its different color and the absence of an umbilicus from the pileus. This is sometimes papillate, and both it and the stem imbibe moist- ure. The latter is fleshy-fibrous, and its cavity is very small. In the larger specimens the margin of the pileus is often wavy, and the edge of the lamelle eroded. Tricholoma Hebeloma, a closely allied species, may be distinguished by its more conical pileus, slender habit and smaller spores.
Clitocybe basidiosa.
Pileus rather thin, convex, then expanded and umbilicate or cen- trally depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, grayish-brown and striatu- late on the margin when moist, dingy-white or grayish-white when dry, flesh whitish ; lamelle arcuate or nearly plane, thick, distant, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish with a violaceous tint; stem equal or slightly thickened above, glabrous, firm, whitish or pallid ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long, basidia elongated, .0024 in. long, bearing spicules .0008 in. long.
Plant single or cespitose, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 16 to 18 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Woods and swamps. Sandlake and East Berne. August.
6 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
The numerous narrow and elongated basidia of this species are suggestive of the specific name. The plant is also easily recognized by the peculiar, pale, livid gray hue of the pileus, and the slight violaceous tint of the lamelle. The pileus is rarely slightly umbo- nate. When dry both it and the stem have a slight silky appearance. The stem is usually solid, and slightly enlarged as it enters the pileus. The species should be placed among the OrBrroRMEs, though in some respects it approaches C. obbatus and C. Calathus. It also has the aspect of some species of Hygrophorus.
Collybia alcalinolens.
Pileus thin, subconical or convex, then expanded, slightly silky- fibrillose, shining, hygrophanous, dark watery-brown when moist, grayish-brown or cinereous when dry, flesh white; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, adnate or emarginate with a decurrent tooth, whitish ; stem equal, glabrous, slightly pruinose above, hollow, shining, whitish ; spores broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant gregarious, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 8 to 18 lines broad, stem 1 to 3 lines thick.
Thin woods and bushy places.. Sandlake. June and July.
This species has a peculiar odor resembling that of chloride of lime. In this respect it is similar to some species of Mycena. The plant is quite variable. The disk of the pileus is now elevated, now depressed, sometimes darker than the rest, sometimes canescent with short, grayish fibrils. The margin is quite thin and sometimes stri- atulate when moist. Occasionally it surpasses the lamella, which in the expanded plant are often ventricose. The stem is sometimes irregular or compressed. The species belongs to the section TE- PHROPHAN®, and is apparently allied to A. daceratus.
Leptonia albinella.
Pileus submembranous, subconical or convex, subumbilicate, fur- furaceous or minutely squamulose, hygrophanous, whitish and stri- atulate on the margin when moist, white and shining when dry ; lamellee narrow, close, adnexed, white, becoming incarnate ; stem equal, hollow, glabrous or slightly pruinose, whitish ; spores angular, .00045 to .0005 in. long, .0003 to .00035 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 line thick.
Bushy places. Sandlake. July.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. €
Readily distinguished from its allies by its white color. Leptonia assularum B, & C. differs in having an umbonate virgate pileus with a dark center. Nolanea delicatulus is a more slender, delicate plant with a smoother pileus and not at all umbilicate.
Psilocybe castanella,
Pileus thin, at first convex or subconical, then expanded or slightly depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, chestnut-colored or umber-brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, pale-alutaceous when dry, flesh a little paler than the surface of the pileus ; lamelle close, adnate or slightly rounded behind, at first pale-brown, then purplish- brown ; stem equal, flexuous, hollow or stuffed with a whitish pith, slightly silky-fibrillose, brownish or subrufescent with a white myce- lium at the base ; spores purplish-brown, .0003 to .00032 in. long, .00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Plant gregarious or subcespitose, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 4 to 8 lines broad, stem .5 to 1 line thick.
Rich grassy ground by roadsides. Sandlake. June.
The species appears to be closely allied to Agaricus squalens, which may be distinguished by its lurid color, decurrent lamelle and ferruginous-brown spores. Moreover its habitat is unlike that of our plant. In very wet weather both the pileus and lamelle sometimes have a watery-brown appearance, and then the striations of the former sometimes extend to the disk, which is rarely slightly umbonate. In drying, the moisture first disappears from the center of the pileus. The young pileus is usually chestnut-colored, and its margin and the stem are adorned with a few whitish fibrils.
Psilocybe fuscofulva.
Pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, subumbonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, dark watery-brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, subochraceous when dry; lamelle rather broad, mod- erately close, adnate, subventricose, purplish-brown ; stem slender, flexuous, stuffed, slightly silky, reddish-brown ; spores purplish- brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025 to .0008 in. broad.
- Plant 1.5 to 2.5 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Among sphagnum. Karner. October.
The species is related to Agaricus atrobrunneus, but its smaller size and differently colored lamellee will serve to distinguish it.
8 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Dermocybe simulans.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, at first grayish-viola- ceous and silky-fibrillose, then pale-cinereous, often tinged with yellow or brownish-yellow on the disk, flesh pale-violaceous or pale-cinereous ; lamelle rather broad, subventricose, rounded behind, moderately close, violaceous, becoming cinnamon-colored ; stem short, equal or slightly thickened at the base, silky-fibrillose, shining, stuffed or hollow, violaceous, becoming whitish or pallid; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem about 2 lines thick.
Woods. Sandlake. July.
The colors of this species are so similar to those of Jnoloma albo- violacea that the plant might at first sight be mistaken for a small form of that species, but its small size, thin pileus and short, hollow stem afford distinguishing characters.
Telamonia gracilis.
Pileus thin, convex or campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, floccose-fibrillose, hygrophanous, watery-brown or sordid-chestnut when moist, whitened on the margin with grayish fibrils, subochra- ceous or tawny-cinnamon when dry; lamelle thin, subdistant, be- coming subventricose, ferruginous-brown, becoming cinnamon-colored ; stem long, slender, flexuous, fibrillose and slightly floccose-sealy, with a slight whitish evanescent annulus, colored like the pileus ; spores elliptical, uninucleate, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Among moss and sphagnum in marshes. Sandlake. August.
The umbo is small and sometimes acute, rarely obsolete. The dry pileus varies much in color, it being tawny, cinnamon, subochraceous or grayish-cervine. The young lamelle also vary from ferruginous- brown to reddish-umber and sometimes have a slight violaceous tint. The species is apparently related to Telamonia flexipes and T. régida, but the first is described as having the stem violaceous at the apex, and the second as having the pileus glabrous, both of which charae- ters ave wanting in our plant.
Variety brevipes has the stem but 1 or 2 inches long. It occurs on decaying wood.
o
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 9
Hydrocybe przpallens.
Pileus fleshy, thin, subconical, then convex or expanded, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery-brown or chestnut-colored when moist, pale- ochraceous when dry, flesh yellowish-white ; lamellz close, lanceolate, rounded behind or slightly emarginate, reddish-umber, becoming tawny-cinnamon ; stem short, equal, subflexuous, fleshy-fibrous, slightly silky, pallid or brownish; spores subelliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Naked soil in woods. Sandlake. June.
The difference in the color of the moist pileus and the dry one is quite decided. The change from the dark-chestnut color of the one to the dingy-yellow or isabelline hue of the other is very noticeable and suggestive of the specific name. The fibrils of the veil are grayish-white, and the margin, which is at first incurved, is apt to become wavy, irregular or reflexed in large specimens. In the thinner specimens it is striatulate when moist. The lamelle are nar- rowed toward the outer extremity and when young are of a peculiar reddish-brown or dark-ferruginous hue. The stem is usually hollow, but apparently from the erosion of insects. The species belongs to the section FrRMIORES.
Hygrophorus minutulus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, convex or expanded, subumbilicate, bright-red, viscid and distantly striatulate when moist, pale-red or yellowish when dry; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, sometimes ventricose, adnate or subsinuate and slightly decurrent, whitish, tinged with red or yellow; stem short, slender, fragile, solid, viscid when moist, yellowish ; spores narrowly elliptical, .0004 in. long, .0002 in. broad, borne on slender spicules which are .0002 to .0003 in. long. ;
Plant 6 to 10 lines high, pileus 3 to 5 lines broad, stem scarcely half a line thick.
Grassy ground in pastures. Sandlake. July.
This is one of our smallest species of Hygrophorus. Its nearest relative is HZ. aurantiacoluteus B. & C., from which the viscid pileus and stem and less decurrent lamellae separate it. As the moisture escapes from the fresh plant the pileus hecomes paler and assumes a slight silky appearance, but often the thoroughly dried specimens
18. <- BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
resume the bright-red hue of the fresh plant. Often several basidia grow from the same filament.
Russula albida.
Pileus thin, broadly convex, then expanded or depressed, gla- brous, viscid when moist, white, sometimes slightly tinged with yel- low, the spreading or erect margin at length slightly and narrowly tuberculose-striate, flesh white ; lamelle adnate or subdecurrent, moderately close, some of them forked near the stem, white, the interspaces venose ; stem nearly equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, white; spores white, minutely rough, subglobose or broadly ellipti- eal, .00035 in. long, .0003 in. broad ; taste mild or bitterish.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2.5 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick. r
Woods. Sandlake. July and August.
This Russula belongs to the section Fraciies. It may be distin- guished from white forms of /tussula emetica by its adnate or slightly decurrent lamelle and by its milder taste.
Russula uncialis.
Pileus thin, convex, then expanded or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, glabrous or very minutely rivulose-granulose, red or pinkish-red, the margin obscurely tuberculose-striate, flesh white ; lamellee moderately close, narrowed toward the stem, at which a few of them are sometimes forked, adnate or slightly emarginate, white, the interspaces venose; stem equal, glabrous, stuffed or spongy within, white or reddish; spores white, globose, rough, .0003 to .00035 in. in diameter ; taste mild.
Plant 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Thin woods. Sandlake. June and July.
A small species, generally about 1 in. high, with the pileus about the same in breadth. Like the preceding species, to which it is closely related, it belongs to the white-spored group of the section FRAGILES, a group to which Europe contributes but a single mild species. The color of the pileus is nearly uniform and generally a pale-red or pinkish-red. The lamellae in the fresh plant are white, but in the dried specimens they are pallid.
Hydnum albidum.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or nearly plane, subpruinose, white,
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. et
flesh white; aculei white; stem short, solid, central or eccentric, white ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. in diameter.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 lines thick.
Ground in thin woods. Sandlake. June and July.
The species is closely allied to Hydnum repandum, with which it appears to have been united by some authors, but its small size, white color and smaller spores appear to me to make it worthy of specific distinction. It is quite unlike Hydnwn candidum. The pileus is often irregular and lobed on the margin.
Clavaria divaricata,
Stem short, small, whitish, much branched ; branches widely spreading, -terete, even or slighty longitudinally wrinkled, more or less curved, pale-ochraceous, the ultimate ones tapering outward and terminating in one or more acute points ; spores .0004 to .0005 in, long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Tufts 2 to 4 in. high, and nearly as broad.
Woods. Sandlake. August.
This is a rare species, and is remarkable for and easily distin- guished by its divaricate branches which give to the plant a very spreading, strageling aspect.
The following species were described in the Thirty-second Report of the State Museum, but owing to the limited edition and the incomplete manner (without plates) of the publication of that Report it has been thought best to repeat these descriptions here.
. Clitocybe subhirta.
Pileus at first convex, then expanded or slightly depressed, tomen- tose-hairy and pale-yellow or buff, becoming subglabrous and whitish with age, the margin incurved ; lamellz close, adnate or decurrent, whitish or pale yellow ; stem subequal, stuffed or hollow, whitish ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Brewerton. September.
The species belougs to the section DiscirorMgs, and is near Clhito- cybe subalutacea, but distinct from it and all its other allies by the hairy pileus. Sometimes the hairs are more conspicuous on the mar- gin than on the disk.
12 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Collybia cremoracea,
Pileus thin, submembranous, convex or campanulate, obtuse, dry, slightly silky, dingy cream-colored, the margin sometimes wavy ; lamelle broad, ventricose, emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, whitish ; stem slender, equal, slightly silky, stuffed or hollow, pallid or colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, about .00025 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Plant 1.5 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Thin woods. Gansevoort. August.
The species belongs to the section La&vVIPEDES.
Collybia hygrophoroides, Plate 2. Figs. 23-26.
Pileus subconical, then convex or expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, reddish or yellowish-red when moist, paler when dry; lamellee broad, subdistant, rounded behind or deeply emarginate, eroded on the edge, whitish; stem subequal, striate, stuffed or hollow, whitish ; spores subelliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 in. broad.
Plant subczespitose, 2 to 3 inches high, pileus 1 to 1.5 inches broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Decaying half-buried wood. Knowersville. May.
The young pileus resembles that of Hygrophorus conicus, both in shape and in color. When dry it becomes pallid or subochraceous. The species belongs to the section TEPHROPHAN &.
Mycena luteopallens.
Pileus submembranous, convex, glabrous, striatulate on the margin when moist, bright-yellow, paler when dry; lamelle subdistant, slightly arcuate, yellow; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, smooth, hollow, yellow, furnished at the base with yellow hairs and fibrils.
Plant scattered or czespitose, about 2 in. high, pileus 3 to 6 lines broad, stem about 1 line thick.
Among fallen leaves in woods. Adirondack mountains. August.
It resembles Hygrophorus parvulus in color, but it is readily dis- tinguished from that species by its subcespitose mode of growth, its proportionately longer and more slender stem and the yellow hairs at its base.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 13
. Inocybe eutheloides,
Pileus thin, broadly conical or campanulate, becoming nearly plane with age, distinctly umbonate, silky-fibrillose, more or less rimose, varying in color from grayish-cervine to chestnut-brown, the disk sometimes squamulose, the flesh white ; lamellae moderately close, ather broad, ventricose, narrowed or rounded behind, adnexed, whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown, white and denticulate on the edge ; stem equal, subflexuous, solid, fibrillose, whitish or pallid ; spores even, uninucleate, subelliptical, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .00025 to .0008 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Woods. Brewerton. September.
The species belongs to the section Rimosi. It agrees in many re- spects with the description of Znocybe eutheles, but differs in the char- acter of the lamelle, which are rather abruptly and strongly narrowed behind and adnexed, not adnate. The spores are longer than in that species and the plant is destitute of a farinaceous odor. The pileus is sometimes scarcely rimose and it varies considerably in color. The stem is decidedly paler than the pileus.
Inocybe infelix.
Pileus thin, subcampanulate, then convex or expanded, umbonate, fibrillose-squamulose, umber-brown or grayish-brown, flesh white ; lamelle close, rather broad, ventricose, emarginate, whitish, becoming ferruginous-brown ; stem equal, solid, silky-fibrillose, whitish or pallid, pruinose above ; spores oblong, even, .00045 to .0006 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Sterile or mossy ground. Indian lake, Adirondack mountains. August.
The species belongs to the section Lacreri. The pileus is more lacerated in wet weather than in dry, and generally becomes paler with age. A small form, variety Jrevipes, has the pileus 4 to 6 lines broad and but slightly umbonate, and the stem scarcely more than half an inch long. Sometimes the stem is white above and darker toward the base. The long narrow spores constitute a marked feature of the species.
14 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
Myxacium amarum.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, often irregular, smooth, glu- tinous, yellow, the disk often tinged with red, the margin whitish, flesh white, taste very bitter ; lamellz close, rounded behind, whitish, becoming ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem soft, viscid in wet weather, solid, tapering upward, whitish, clothed with silky white fibrils ; spores elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant gregarious or subcespitose, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus about 1 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Under spruce and balsam trees. Adirondack mountains. August.
The very bitter taste is suggestive of the specific name. The stem is scarcely viscid except in wet weather.
Russula compacta Frost MS.
‘‘Pileus white, firm. solid, cracked in age, sometimes tinged with red or yellow or both in spots, turning up in age, seldom depressed ; lamellae very white, almost free, not forked or dimidiate, becoming brown when bruised or dry ; stem solid, white, even, smooth ; flesh at first white, then brownish.”
Pileus fleshy, compact, convex or centrally depressed, whitish, sometimes tinged with red or yellow, becoming reddish-alutaceous or dingy-ochraceous with age, the margin thin, even, incurved when young ; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, nearly free, some of them forked, a few dimidiate, white, becoming brown with age or where bruised ; stem short, equal, firm, solid, white, changing color like the pileus ; spores subglobose, nearly even, .00035 in. in diameter.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 3 to 5 in. broad, stem 8 to 12 lines thick.
Open woods. Sandlake and Brewerton. August and September.
The late Mr. C. C. Frost sent me specimens and manuscript descrip- tions of a few species of fungi collected by him in Vermont. He gave names to those which he considered new species, and it gives me pleasure to adopt his names whenever it is rendered possible by the discovery of the species within our limits. The plant here described does not fully agree with his manuscript description, which I have quoted, but it approaches so near an agreement that there cannot be much doubt of the specific identity of the two plants. In our plant the pileus is sometimes split on the margin. The change in the color of the pileus and stem is nearly the same, but the lamelle sometimes become darker than either. When drying, the specimens emit
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 15
a strong and very disagreeable odor. The species belongs to the sec- tion Compact ®. Russula flavida Frost MS.
‘“Pileus fleshy, convex, slightly depressed, unpolished, bright-yel- low ; lamelle white, adnate, turning cinereous ; stem yellow, solid, white at the extreme apex.”
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane or slightly depressed, yellow, becoming paler with age, flesh white, taste mild, the margin at first even, then tuberculate-striate ; lamelle nearly simple, subdistant and broader before, adnate, white, the interspaces venose ; stem short, equal or tapering upward, firm, glabrous, solid or merely spongy within, yellow ; spores globose, .00025 to .0003 in. in diameter.
Plant gregarious, 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 4 to 6 lines thick.
Grassy places in copses and open woods. Sandlake. July.
The species belongs to the section Rigipa. The pileus is dry and sometimes slightly mealy or granular. When young it is bright- yellow, but it fades with age and sometimes becomes white on the margin.
Boletus rubinellus. Plate 2. Figs. 20-22.
Pileus at first broadly conical or subconvex, then nearly plane, subtomentose, red, becoming paler with age ; tubes convex, adnate or slightly depressed about the stem, rather large, subrotund, pink- ish-red, becoming sordid-yellow ; stem equal, smooth, yellow with reddish stains ; spores oblong-fusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 broad.
Plant about 2 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Woods. Gansevoort. August.
Apparently related to B. rubinus, and also resembling B. pzperatus, but the stem is differently colored, and I have not found the pileus at all viscid.
Tremella subcarnosa.
Small, tufted, compressed, irregular, wavy or contorted, subcar- nose, externally gelatinous, whitish or pinkish-alutaceous, becoming brownish-incarnate and somewhat glaucous when dry; spores ob- ovate, pointed at one end, .0002 to .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.
Tufts 2 to 4 lines high and about as broad.
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Carlisle. June.
16 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
The affinities of this fungus are doubtful. It is provisionally referred to the genus Tremella, although the central part of the sub- stance is fleshy rather than gelatinous. The plants revive on the application of moisture and when moist are somewhat tremelloid. The tufts form beautiful little rosettes.
Grandinia membranacea P. & C., n. sp.
Effused, thin, membranaceous, whitish or subalutaceous, sometimes slightly tinged with greenish-yellow or olivaceous ; granules numer- ous, crowded, unequal; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, slightly rough, .00025 to .0003 in. long.
Much decayed wood, leaves, ete. Tonawanda. G. W. Ciinton.
Apparently related in texture to G. papillosa, but differing in color and in its even, not rimose, hymenium.
Phoma ecallospora P. & C., n. sp.
Perithecia small, scattered, slightly prominent, covered by the epidermis, black ; spores oblong or cylindrical, obtuse, straight or curved, containing 3 to 5 nuclei, .0006 to .0008 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Dead stems of Polygonum. Buffalo. October. G. W. CiinTon.
Phoma cornina.
Perithecia numerous, not crowded, minute, nearly covered by the stellately ruptured epidermis, black, opening by a large pore ; spores oblong, obtuse, .0012 to .0016 in. long, .0005 to .00055 broad.
Dead branches of green osier, Cornus cércinata. Sprakers. June.
This and the preceding species are erroneously referred to the genus Spheeropsis in the Thirty-second Report.
Spheeropsis typhina.
Perithecia scattered, subconical, slightly prominent, often com- pressed ; spores fusiform, pointed at each end, colored, .0006 in. long, .OO016 broad.
Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Sprakers. June.
The fusiform pointed spores constitute a noticeable character in
this species.
Protomyces conglomeratus.
Spores imbedded in the tissues of the stems of the host plant, large, globose, colored, .0016 to .002 in. in diameter, aggregated in
co)
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. sie
groups or clusters and forming small protuberances or tubercles on the dry stems. Common saltwort, Salicornia herbacea. Syracuse. September. The species is remarkable for the large size of the spores and their clustered mode of growth.
Periconia albiceps. Plate 1, figs. 8-11.
Stems short, .02 to .03 in. high, equal or slightly tapering upward, black ; head subglobose, white ; spores oblong or subfusiform, color- less, .0003 to .0006 in. long.
Dead stems of balmony, Chelone glabra. Sandlake. May.
The stems of the fungus are composed of compacted filaments, and I have followed the English mycologists in referring the species to the genus Periconia. It is Sporocybe of Bonorden.
Gonatobotryum tenellum.
Patches thinly effused, subolivaceous ; flocci subtufted, erect, slen- der, simple or rarely branched, not nodulose-inflated, septate, brown, -006 to .014 in. high; spores in verticels of 2 to 4 at the septa, oblong, simple, subruliginous, .00045 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to -0002 broad.
Dead stems of stoneroot, Collinsonia Canadensis. North Green- bush. October.
By reason of the equal, not nodulose, flocci the species does not well agree with the character of the genus. Because of the colored flocci it would go no better in Arthrinium.
Ramularia effusa.
Hypophyllous, often occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf, whitish ; spores very variable, globose, obovate-elliptical, ob- long or cylindrical, .00016 to .0011 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad, sometimes uniseptate.
Living leaves of black huckleberry, Giaylussacta resinosa. Karner. July. |
Sometimes all the leaves on a branch have the lower surface whitened by this fungus.
Ramularia albomaculata.
Spots suborbicular, 2 to 3 lines in diameter, sometimes conflu- ent, pale yellowish-green on the upper surface, becoming purplish
18 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
or brown with age, whitened by the fungus below ; spores oblong or elliptical, generally binucleate, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016 broad.
Living leaves of hickory, Carya alba. Albany and Greenbush. June and July.
Sometimes the spots are angular, being limited by the veinlets of the leaf. In this species and in the next one I have not seen the spores septate, but suspecting that the nuclei indicate septa in more mature specimens, I have referred the species to this genus for the present. They may belong rather to Cylindrium or Fusidium.
Ramularia angustata.
Spots small, orbicular, sometimes confluent, pale greenish-yellow, becoming reddish-brown or brown, frosted on the lower surface by the fungus ; flocci minute ; spores narrowly fusiform or subeylindrical, -0003 to .0004 in. long, about .0001 in. broad, often containing two or three nucleoli.
Living leaves of pinxter plant, Azalea nudiflora. Central Bridge and Carlisle. June.
The very narrow spores suggest the specific name.
Ramularia lineola.
Spots suborbicular, sometimes confluent, brown, concentrically lineolate ; flocci obscure, tufted, hypophyllous ; spores slender, cylindrical, obtuse, .0005 to .0008 in. long, often uniseptate.
Living leaves of dandelion, Taraxacum, Dens-leonis. Greenbush. July.
The fungus is so minute that it is scarcely visible to the naked eye.
Sporotrichum larvicolum.
Flocci slender, simple or branched, forming a continuous, dense, soft, white or yellowish stratum coating the whole matrix ; spores abundant, minute, globose, .00008 to .00012 in. broad.
Dead larvee lying on the ground under alders. Adirondack moun- tains. July.
The larvee were very numerous and, but for the check imposed upon the increase of the species by the attacks of this fungus, they would probably in a short time have completely defoliated all the alders in that locality. In some specimens the fungus spores were so abundant that the surface of the stratum had a pulverulent appearance.
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 19
Acremonium flexuosum. Plate 1, figs. i6-18.
Flocci procumbent, interwoven, branched, forming a thin, soft, tomentose, white or cream-colored stratum, the branches widely divergent, sometimes opposite, narrowed and flexuous toward the tips and bearing scattered, alternate spicules or sporophores ; spores oval or elliptical, .0005 to .0008 in, long, .0003 to 0005 in. broad.
Decaying wood. Griftins, Delaware county. September.
From Acremonium album it differs in habit and habitat, as well as in the flexuous terminal portions of the flocei and their alternate pointed spicules ; and from dAcremonium alternatum it is distinguished by its elliptical spores.
Sepedonium brunneum.
Effused, pulverulent, brown ; spores globose, rough, .0008 to .001 in. in diameter.
Decaying fungi. Gansevoort. August.
This is similar in habit to Sepedontum chrysospermum, from which its dark snuff-brown spores distinguish it. Like that fungus, this is also probably a mere state of some species of Hypomyces.
Morchella angusticeps. Plate 1, figs 19-21.
Pileus narrowly conical or oblong-conical, acute or subobtuse, 1 to 2 in. long, its diameter at the base scarcely exceeding that of the stem, pale-buff or cream-colored, adnate, sometimes a little curved, the coste longitudinal, anastomosing or connected by transverse veins ; stem subequal, hollow, furfuraceous, even or sometimes marked byrregular longitudinal ridges and furrows, whitish, about equal to the pileus in length ; asci cylindrical ; spores elliptical, yellowish, .0008 to .001 in. long, .0005 to .0007 broad.
Borders of woods and open places. Albany and Karner. April and May. Edible.
This morel is perhaps too closely related to Morchella conica Pers., but if that species is correctly represented in Mycographia, plate 81, fig. 315, our plant is easily distinguished by its much more narrow pileus, which scarcely exceeds the stem in diameter. The para- physes of that species are also represented as filiform, and are de- scribed (1. c. p. 182) as thickened above. In our plant I find no such paraphyses, but instead of them there are oblong or subclavate
20 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
bodies much shorter than the asci, but nearly as broad. They are often filled with large, unequal, crowded nuclei, and appear more like undeveloped asci than like ordinary paraphyses. The interior surface of the stem is scurfy like the exterior. Peziza orbicularis. Plate 2, figs. 4-6.
Receptacle 8 to 12 lines broad, sessile, appressed to the matrix, nearly plane, orbicular or sometimes irregular, externally whitish or subolivaceous and slightly gelatinous when moist, the disk reddish. brown or chestnut-colored ; asci cylindrical ; spores uniseriate, ellip- tical, .0009 to .0011 in. long, .00045 to .0005 in. broad ; paraphyses filiform, thickened at the tips, brownish.
Wet, much decayed wood. Brewerton and Guilderland. Sep- tember and October. i
The spores usually contain one or two large nuclei. The contrast between the dark color of the disk and the light color of the exter- nal surface is quite noticeable. The flattened orbicular form of the receptacle when growing on smooth surfaces suggests the specific name. In the Thirty-second Report both this and the next species were referred to the genus Bulgaria under the respective names B. bicolor and B. deligata, but upon turther observation their affini- ties appear to me to bring them in the genus Peziza, subgenus Dis- cina, in consequence of which I am obliged to change the names.
Peziza leucobasis. Plate 2, figs. 1-3.
Receptacles 1 to 3 lines broad, scattered or crowded, plane or con- vex, sessile, scarcely margined, purplish-black when moist, black and more or less angular when dry, surrounded at ‘the base by dense whitish filaments ; asci cylindrical, .01 to .012 in. long, .0009 to .001 broad ; spores uniseriate, elliptical. even, binucleate, subhyaline, .0O1 to .0013 in. long, .0006 to .0007 broad; paraphyses numerous, fili- form, septate, colored, slightly thickened above.
Wet, decaying hemlock wood. Catskill mountains. July.
The numerous white filaments that appear to bind the receptacles to the matrix, constitute a marked feature in this species and suggest the specific name.
Peziza longipila. Plate 2, figs. 15-19.
teceptacle small, .014 to .02 in. broad, narrowed below into a
short stem, densely clothed with long, rigid, erect, septate, tawny-
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. ye |
brown hairs, the uppermost .01 to .014 in. long, .0003 broad, the disk whitish, concealed in the dry plant by the hairs of the margin ; asci cylindrical, .0025 to .003 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad ; spores oblong or subfusiform, straight or slightly curved, colorless, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00008 to .00012 broad.
Dead stems of Hupatorium maculatum. Adirondack mountains. July.
Apparently near P. relicina Fr., but that is described as sessile and of a bay color.
This and the next following species belong to the subgenus Dasyscy pha.
Peziza urticina.
Receptacle minute, .007 to .014 in. broad, sessile, subglobose, almost hyaline, and with the mouth connivent when moist, whitish and pul- verulent-hairy when dry ; asci subfusiform ; spores crowded or bise- riate, fusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long ; paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of nettles, Laportea Canadensis. Catskill mountains. July.
When moist the hairs are appressed and the cups appear longitud- inally striate. When dry the disk is generally concealed. The plants are so small that they appear to the naked eye like minute white grains.
Helotium fraternum. Plate 1, figs. 12-14.
Receptacle small, 3 to 1 line broad, stipitate, the disk plane or slightly concave, pallid or reddish-yellow, becoming more con- eave and dull-red in drying, the stem about equal in length to the diameter of the receptacle; asci clavate or subcylindrical, .003 to .004 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad ; spores crowded or biseriate, subeylindrical, .00065 to .0008 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad ; para- physes numerous, filiform, scarcely thickened at the tips.
Petioles and midveins of fallen leaves of maple, Acer saccharinum. Adirondack mountains. July.
Pezicula minuta.
Receptacle minute, .009 to .017 in. broad, numerous, scattered or two or three crowded together, attached to the matrix by a minute point, grayish, pulverulent, the margin obtuse or obsolete, the disk plane or convex, subochraceous ; asci oblong-clavate ; spores crowded,
py BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
oblong-elliptical, colorless, .000$ to .001 in. long; paraphyses fili- form, thickened at the apex. ©
Dead stems of hobble bush, Viburnum lantanoides. Catskill mountains. July.
Ascophanus tetraonalis.
Receptacle sessile, 1 to 2 lines broad. externally cinereous, the margin sometimes wavy or flexuous, the disk blackish or blackish- brown ; asci cylindrical, truncate at the apex; spores uniseriate,
elliptical, smooth, colorless, .0006 to .0007 in. long, .0003 broad. _ Excrement of partridges or ruffed grouse. Catskill mountains. July.
The receptacles are about equal in size to those of Ascophanus gallinaceus, which has a similar habitat, but a paler color and shorter spores. This and the next following species were erroneously referred to the genus Peziza in the Thirty-second Report.
Ascophanus humosoides.
Receptacles small, scarcely more than half a line broad, sessile, scattered or crowded, orange-colored inclining to vinous-red, the disk plane or slightly convex, slightly margined ; asci short, cylindrical ° or clavate ; spores crowded or elliptical, even, .0008 to .001 in. long, .0005 broad ; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened above.
Excrement of some wild animal. Catskill mountains. July.
The cups are attached to the matrix by a few white filaments.
Patellaria pusilla.
Receptacle small, .014 to .028 in. broad, sessile, slightly margined, black, the disk plane or convex when moist, slightly concave when dry ; asci clavate ; spores crowded or biseriate, subclavate, .00065 to .0008 in. long, .0001 to .00012 broad, six to eight nucleate ; para- physes numerous, filiform.
Decaying beech wood. Catskill mountains. July.
The spores are similar in shape to those of P. atrata. They are extremely narrow and probably become five to seven-septate when
mature.
Acanthostigma scopula,
Perithecia small, .006 to .008 in. broad, subglobose, very black, bristly with short, rigid, divergent black hairs or setee whichare .003 to .005 in. long, .00016 to .0002 thick ; asci lanceolate or subcla- vate ; spores crowded or biseriate, elongated, gradually narrowed
NEW SPECIES OF FUNGI. 23
qoward each end, straight or slightly curved, multinucleate, at length obscurely multiseptate, greenish-yellow, .0025 to .008 in. long, .00012 to .00016 broad.
Decaying wood of hemlock. Adirondack mountains. August.
This is Spheria scopula C. & P. in the Thirty-second Report, It is here referred to the genus Acanthostigma because of the shape of the spores. From A. Clintoni it may be distinguished by its larger perithecia and longer spores.
Lasiospheeria intricata.
Perithecia scattered or crowded, somewhat elongated, .025 to .035 in. long, .018 to .02 broad, generally narrowed toward the base, obtuse, subfragile, tomentose-hairy, brown or blackish-brown ; subi- culum very thin or none; asci slender, elongated, .005 to .008 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad ; spores crowded, linear, curved or flexu- ous, greenish-yellow, .0016 to .0025 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Decaying wood and leaves in damp places. Sandlake.
The species belongs to the section Leprospora. The perithecia, though small, resemble in shape those of Lombardia fasciculata. The minute papillate ostiolum is often concealed by the tomentum of the perithecia. This is composed of intricate, matted, slender, sep- tate, brown filaments, which, by their soft, tomentose character, read- ily distinguish this species from the related L. strégosa, L. hispida, L. hirsuta, ete.
Herpotrichia leucostoma.
Perithecia small, .012 to .018 in. broad, numerous, somewhat crowded, subglobose, seated upon or involved in a blackist-brown tomentum, the ostiola naked, not prominent, whitish when moist, grayish or sordid when dry ; asci cylindrical or subclavate, .006 to .008 in. long, .0004 to .0006 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong-fusiform, at first uniseptate, constricted at the septum and containing two or three nuclei in each cell, then three to five-septate, colorless, .0015 to .002 in. long, .0003 to .00085 in. broad.
Dead branches of mountain maple-bush, Acer spzcatum. Catskill mountains. September.
The whitish ostiola constitute a marked feature in this species. It is distinguished from Herpotrichia Schiedermayertana Fckl. by its much smaller perithecia, and the more numerous septa of the spores. [ have observed no globose appendages at the ends of the spores in
94 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
our plant. The threads of the subiculum are obscurely septate and sometimes slightly branched. The more classical name ‘“ leucostoma ” is here substituted for “ albidostoma.”
Zignoella humulina.
Perithecia small, .011 to .014 in. broad, depressed-hemispherical, slightly sunk in the matrix, subglabrous, black, with a minute papil- late ostiolum ; asci cylindrical, .0025 to .003 in. long, .0003 to .0004 in. broad ; spores uniseriate or obliquely monostichous, elliptical, four-locular, appearing obscurely triseptate, colorless, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .0008 in. broad.
Dead stems of hops, Humulus lupulus. Carlisle. June.
The spores are not distinctly triseptate, and the species apparently belongs to the subgenus Zignoina. The perithecia have a dull,
squalid, unpolished or subscabrous appearance.
Acrospermum album.
Perithecia elongated, subfusiform, somewhat compressed, pointed at the apex, narrowed below into a short, terete, stem-like base, white ; spores very long, filiform.
Dead stems of spikenard, Aralia racemosa. Catskill mountains. July.
This resembles A. compressum in size, but it is at once distinguished from that and other related species by its persistently white color.
a
ADDITIONS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS,
The first fourteen species of the following list are additions to our State flora, and have not before been reported.
Hieracium Pilosella ZL. Door yards. Aurora, Cayuga county. ©. Atwood, M. D. This plant has been introduced from Europe, and is yet scarce and perhaps not thoroughly established.
Atriplex hortensis ZL. Roadsides. High Bridge, Onondaga county. Mrs. S. M. Rust and Mrs. C. Barnes. Probably a stray from cultivation, and perhaps not permanently established.
Amanita pantherina DC.
Thin woods. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. July.
According to the figure and description of this species the pileus is brown or brownish, but in all our specimens it is white or merely tinged with brown on the disk. In other respects they agree so well with the description that there can be no doubt of their specific identity. They afford a striking instance of the tendency in some of our American forms to depart from the color of the European plant. The different character of its volva will distinguish it from white forms of A. muscarius, and tbe warts on the pileus and annu- lus on the stem will separate it from A. nivalis.
Clitocybe phyllophila 7. Among fallen leaves in woods. Karner. September.
Clitocybe pithyophila F7. Among fallen leaves in woods. Sandlake.
Collybia aquosa Bull. Among sphagnum, Karner. October. In our specimens the lamelle, instead of being rounded behind and free, according to the description of the species, are adnate or
26 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
slightly decurrent. They are therefore designated, variety adnati- folia. In drying, the moisture escapes from the thicker, central part of the pileus sooner than from the thin margin.
Mycena clavicularis /*. Under pine trees. Sandlake. June.
4 Psilocybe bullaceus fF’. Manured ground. Sandlake. July.
Lactarius cilicioides #7. Sandy soil. West Albany. October. A small, white form with very sparse milk.
Hygrophorus virgineus fF’. Roadsides and grassy fields. Sandlake. © August.
Cortinarius cinnabarinus FY’. Thin woods and bushy places. Sandlake. June.
Hydnum scrobiculatum F7. Woods. Sandlake. July.
The disk is sometimes very uneven with irregular prominences.
Valsa sepincola Fk. Dead stems of raspberry, L?tubus strigosus. Karner. October.
Cryptospora Betulz Tul. Dead bark and twigs of white birch, Betula populifolia. Karner. October. Ampelopsis quinquefolia Mz. Specimens sometimes occur with some of the leaves trifoliate.
Geranium Robertianum Ll. A white-flowered form. Isley island, Sodus Bay, Wayne county. FP. W. Battershall.
Galium lanceolatum Torr. A white-flowered form. Sandlake.
KRhodora Canadensis L. Thirteenth pond, Johnsburgh, Warren county. May. Mrs. LB. Sampson. The specimens are in flower, but the leaves had not yet developed. The original herbarium specimens bear old capsules, but no leaves,
ADDITIONS, REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS. aT
so that leaf-bearing specimens are yet wanting. I do not find this plant recorded in any of the local catalogues of plants of various parts of the State, and Dr. Torrey admitted it in the New York Flora with the following explanatory remark: ‘ I am not quite cer- tain that I have received specimens of this plant from within the limits of the State ; but it doubtless grows in some of the northern counties.” The result has proved the accuracy of his supposition, but the plant is evidently rare in our State.
Potamogeton pauciflorus Pu7sh.
A peculiar form of this species occurs in Glass Jake, Rensselaer county. The stems are 1 to 2 feet long, the spikes numerous and axillary and the foliage of a dull-brownish or reddish-brown color, quite unlike the ordinary bright-green hue of the species.
Pogonia affinis Aust. In a swamp near Tappantown, Rockland county. June. EZ. F. Smith. Juncus Canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm. This plant sometimes has the flower heads wholly or in part changed to enlarged leafy buds, or rather galls, for they are pro- duced by the attacks of insects.
Clitopilus Noveboracensis Pk.
Sometimes the pileus is dark-brown, much darker than in the typical form. There is also a variety éomentoszpes, in which the stem is clothed with a whitish or grayish hairy tomentum. The plants are also sometimes czespitose. Sandlake. July.
Entoloma strictior var. isabellinus Pk. Pileus, when moist, of a watery isabelline hue and striatulate on the margin, when dry, whitish or pale straw color. Sphagnous marshes. Sandlake. August.
Clavaria amethystina Bull. Woods. Sandlake. July. Sometimes the color inclines to a grayish-violaceous hue. Both the small sparsely branched and the abundantly branched forms
occur. Dacrymyces conglobatus Pk.
Plate 1, figs. 1-4. In the Thirty-second Report, this was provisionally referred to the genus Dacrymyces. It is apparently Peziza rubella Pers., and Om-
28 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
brophila rubella Quel., which is figured in Tabule Analytice Fun- gorum, by M. Patouillard, Fasc. 11, fig. 157. But unless it shall yet be found to have an ascigerous form it can not well be received in either of these genera. It may yet be necessary to institute a genus for its reception.
Glomerularia Corni Pk. Plate 2, figs. 10-14.
This species was originally found on leaves of dwarf cornel, Cornus Canadensis. It also occurs in the Adirondack forests on leaves of fly honeysuckle, Lonicera ciliata. On this host it forms extensive patches, sometimes occupying nearly the whole leaf, and its filaments are more highly developed. It has been described in Sylloge Fungorum, vol. IV, p. 10.
Geoglossum irregulare Pk. Plate 1, figs. 5-7.
A description of this fungus is contained in Revue Mycologique, 1882, p. 212, under the name G'eoglosswin vitellinum Bres. Owing to the imperfect publication of the Thirty-second Report it will be better to adopt this later name.
Helotium vibrisseoides Pk. Plate 2, figs. 7-9. In 1881 this fungus was published under the name of Vibrissea turbinata Phillips. It is Glorgoniceps turbinata Sace., a name which should be adopted for the reason already given.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF PAXILLUS,
PAXILLUS /f*.
‘‘ Hymenophorum continuous with the stem, decurrent. Lamellee membranous, scissile, somewhat branched and often anastomosing behind, désténet from the hymenophorum and easily separable from it. Spores sordid-whitish or ferruginous.
“Fleshy putrescent fungi continuously and gradually unfolding and expanding from an involute margin.” LHymen. Hurop., p. 400.
The species of this genus are related to the Agarici on one hand, and to the Boleti on the other. The important distinguishing char- acter is afforded by the lamellz, which are easily and smoothly sep- arable from the pileus, just as the tubes of a Boletus are from the pileus that supports them. This relationship between the Paxilli and Boleti is still further indicated by the anastomosing of the lamellee, which in one species, Pawil/us porosus, is carried to such an extent that the hymenium is as distinctly porous as it is insome Boleti. On the other hand, the close relationship that exists between this genus and the genus Agaricus may be inferred from the fact that Agaricus personatus and A. cinerascens are still retained by Fries among the Agarici, although he makes the remark that they belong rather to the Paxilli. In the second edition of Epicrisis he has modified the diagnosis of the genus, and at the same time admitted that it is ‘‘ not yet correctly defined.” Neither is the limitation of the two tribes into which he divides the species very satisfactory, for a central stem and sordid spores, characters assigned to Lepista, are not always associated together, nor are ferruginous spores found only in species with the stem commonly lateral or eccentric. It has, therefore, seemed best to me, for the present, to refer to this genus such species only as have the spores colored and the separable lamellze more or less branched, crisped or anastomosing. This reduces our species to five, three of which are found also in Europe. They grow chiefly in woods and occur in the latter part of summer and in autumn. The separable character of the hymenium can only be ascertained by the mutilation of a specimen.
30 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Hymenium clearly lamellate. 2. 2 Pileus white, stem present. P. simulans,
2 Pileus colored. Be.
3 Stem glabrous. P. involutus.
3 Stem densely hairy. P. atrotomentosus.
3 Stem none. P. panuoides.
1 Hymenium wholly porous. P. porosus.
Paxillus simulans x. sp. Simulating Paxillus.
Pileus broadly convex, expanded or subinfundibuliform, compact, subglabrous, even or somewhat scabrous-pustulate, whzte or whitish, the involute margin often tomentose-hairy, flesh white ; lamelle close, forked, crisped near the stem, adnate or decurrent, white, then ochraceous-yellow tinged with salmon color ; stem central, short, firm, equal, stuffed or hollow, pubescent, white ; spores pale ochraceous- yellow, subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 to .0003 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 3 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 6 to 12 lines thick.
In thin woods. Sandlake. July. Rare.
A large species externally resembling Lactarius vellereus, and per- haps hitherto confused with it, but easily distinguished from it py the absence of a milky juice and by the lamellz which are crisped near the base and which soon assume a peculiar salmon-yellow hue, which also appears in the spores when collected on white paper. This change of color begins in the crisped portion near the stem and gradu- ally advances toward the outer extremity. In the dried specimens the lamellze are ochraceous-brown and they have the edge more or less beaded with white granules. They are often forked near the outer extremity as well as toward the inner. The length of the stem some- times scarcely exceeds its breadth. In but a single instance was it eccentric, and in that case the pileus was lobed and irregular. The surface of the pileus is sometimes roughened with minute pustules or papille and sometimes has a pitted appearance. Rarely the margin is obscurely zonate. The taste is bitterish and unpleasant, and some times the plant emits a subacid odor. It is a singular species.
Paxillus involutus 7. Involute Paxillus. Pileus compact, convex or expanded, sometimes centrally de- pressed, glabrous, viscid when moist, varying in color from grayish
SPECIES OF PAXILLUS. 31
or sordid-buff to ferruginous or brownish-ochraceous, the margin at first strongly involute and covered with a dense grayish tomentose vil- losity, flesh grayish-white or pallid ; lamellze close, decurrent, branched and anastomosing behind, whitish, then yellowish or subferruginous, becoming reddish-brown or fuscous where cut or bruised, the inter- spaces venose ; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, central or sometimes eccentric, glabrous, solid ; spores elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 4 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 4 to 8 lines thick.
In woods on the ground and on decaying wood. Common in the Adirondack mountains and not rare in the mixed woods of all our hilly districts. August to November.
This species is said, by Fries and other authors, to be edible. but I have not tested its edible qualities. It is said to be held in high estimation as an article of food in Russia. It is somewhat solitary in its mode of growth and prefers a soil chiefly composed of vegetable mold. Damp shaded mossy banks and deep hemlock and spruce woods are favorite habitats for it. It sometimes grows on much de- cayed stumps and old prostrate trunks of trees. In such cases the stem is sometimes eccentric, but when growing on the ground it is almost always central, though Fries places the species in the tribe Tapinia. Neither do the spores of our plant agree well with the dimensions given in the Handbook of British Fungi, still it does not appear to me to be specifically distinct. The pileus is generally regular in outline and, when expanded, bears upon its margin short, distant and somewhat irregular striations. The hairiness of the margin is more distinct in the young plants. The color of the pileus is not very decided, being somewhat variable, and a peculiar mixture of gray, ochraceous, ferruginous and brown. ‘The surface is some- times opaque, sometimes shining. The lamellee and often other parts of the plant change color when cut or bruised. In drying, the lamelle of this and also of the preceding and the two following species frequently assume a smoky-brown or blackish hue.
Paxillus atrotomentosus Ff’. Dark-Downy Paxillus.
Pileus compact, convex, then expanded or centrally depressed, varying from subglabrous to scabrous-granulose, sometimes tomen- tose-hairy on the disk, often minutely rivulose, ochraceous-red, fer- ruginous-brown or reddish-brown, the margin sometimes paler, flesh
32 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
white ; lamelle close, rather broad, adnate or slightly decurrent, somewhat branched and anastomosing at the base, pale creamy-yellow, the interspaces venose ; stem firm, stout, solid, eccentric or lateral, rarely central, densely tomentose-hairy, dark-brown ; spores elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 in. broad.
Plant single or cespitose, 3 to 6 in. high, pileus 3 to 6 in. broad, stem 6 to 15 lines thick.
Ground and much decayed wood of pine and hemlock. Helder- berg mountains, Sandlake and Gansevoort. August.
This is a large species, easily recognized by the dark-brown coarsely velvety or densely hairy coat of the stem, which character is suggest- ive of the specific name. It sometimes grows in large tufts, and then the pileus is frequently irregular by reason of mutual compression. In wet weather the pileus is moist and sometimes obscurely mottled with dark spots. Occasionally it emits an unpleasant, dirt-like odor.
Paxillus panuoides #7. Panus-like Paxillus. Stemless Paxillus. Pale Paxillus,
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex or nearly plane, sessz/e or resupinate, sometimes narrowed behind into a short stem-like base, pubescent or glabrous, yellowish or brownish-yellow ; lamelle narrow, close, an- astomosing and crisped at the base, yellow ; spores subglobose or - broadly elliptical, .00018 to .0002 in. long, .00013 to .00016 in. broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad and long.
Decaying wood, usually of pine and hemlock. Albany, Maryland and Adirondack mountains. August and September.
This is our only sessile species. It grows in open places as well as in woods. It is quite variable in Europe, according to the description in Hymenomycetes Europei. A form with a whitish pileus (Agaricus lamellirugis Dec. F1., Merulius crispus Turpin) is the variety B of Fries. A form with aresupinate cup-like pileus, variety pezzoddes, is his variety C, and Gomphus pezizoides Pers. The Handbook also describes a form with a white pileus tinged with violet. Of these, only the var. pezézo¢des has been found here. It occurs in the Adi- rondack mountain region,
Paxillus porosus Berk. Porous Paxillus. Pileus fleshy, broadly convex or expanded, often irregular or sub- reniform, dry, glabrous or minutely tomentose, reddish-brown, some-
SPECIES OF PAXILLUS. 33
times ochraceous-brown, flesh yellowish ; lamellae wholly connected by numerous narrow transverse branches, causing the hymenium to consist of large angular pores, decurrent, bright-yellow ; stem short, hard, eccentric or lateral, generally reticulated above, colored like the pileus ; spores elliptical, uninucleate, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .00024 to .00032 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick.
Ground in woods and open places. Sandlake, Oneida, Brewerton and Catskill mountains. August.
A singular species remarkable for its boletoid or porous hyme- nium. It is thus far peculiar to this country. Its spores, according to Prof. A. P. Morgan, are bright-yellow. They are larger than in any of our other species of Paxillus. The author of the species makes the remark that ‘‘ without examining the fructification it might be taken for a Goletus.” It is admitted that the spores are broader in proportion to their length than are the spores of most Boleti, but in Boletus strobilaceus the spores make quite as wide a departure from the ordinary form. In fresh specimens the radiating lamellz are distinguishable, being somewhat broader than the con- necting veins or branches, but in the dried specimens this difference is so obscured that the hymenium appears in no manner to differ from that of some of the large and angular-pored Boleti. Indeed this same kind of union of radiating lamelle is discernible in the hymenium of Soletus paluster in which the spores approach much more closely to the ordinary form of Boletus spores ; from which it may be inferred that if the species just described is a genuine Paxillus, the distinction between that genus and the genus Boletus is very slight indeed, consisting in this case merely in the eccentric or lateral stem.
The stem in P. porosus is most often lateral, and at the point of its insertion there is generally an excavation in the margin of the pileus which gives to it a somewhat reniform outline. The pileus has been described as ‘‘ viscid when moist,” but I have never ob- served this character in our plant. The color of the hymenium in the fresh plant is a bright chrome-yellow. The fresh plant some- times emits a disagreeable, dirt-like odor.
Paxillus strigosus Pk. does not have the lamelle branched or erisped at the base, and it has been omitted. It probably belongs rather to Inocybe.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS.
CANTHARELLUS dAdaus.
‘‘Hymenophorum continuous with the stem, descending unchanged into the trama. Lamelle thick, fleshy or waxy, fold-like, sub- branched, obtuse on the edge. Spores white. Fleshy or membranous putrescent fung? destitute of a veil.” Hymen. Europ., p. 455.
The prominent distinguishing characters of this genus are the fleshy substance of the plants and the obtuse edge of the lamelle. In nearly all the species these are either dichotomously branched or reticulately or anastomosingly connected with each other. They are so narrow and thick in some species that they appear more like folds or veins than like lamelle. When a transverse section of the lamelle is made their fold-like character becomes apparent. The hymenial substance covers the entire lower surface of the pileus and hence the interspzees are fertile as well as the lamelle. Although some species formerly included in this genus are now excluded, ite still contains some incongruous members. Thus C. floccosus bears very little general resemblance to C. infundibuliformis, and C. aurantiacus looks strangely by the side of OC. prudnosus. It has, therefore, seemed best to group the species into subgenera or sections according to their natural affinities.
In the section AGaricorbeEs the pileus is fleshy and is rapidly nar- rowed below into the stem. The lamelle are very thin and close, resembling much those of the Agarici, but they are obtuse on the edge and regularly and sometimes repeatedly dichotomous. The -species of this group are closely related to the Agarici.
In EvcanrHareius the pileus is narrowly obconic and tapers downward gradually till it is lost in the short stem. Sometimes the spreading margin makes it trumpet-shaped. The lamelle are very narrow, thick and abundantly and reticulately branched.
In CanrHaRELLus (proper) the pileus is fleshy, glabrous and more horizontally expanded, and the lamelle are broader, more distant, and more sparingly branched than in the preceding group. The stem is also longer in proportion to the size of the pileus.
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 35
In LeprocaNTHARELULUS the pileus is fleshy but thin, and floccose, fibrillose or pruinose. It is umbilicate, centrally depressed or funnel- shaped and sometimes pervious. The lamelle are mostly sparingly branched, and the slenderstem is generally hollow. The last three groups contain species which have their respective counterparts or - corresponding species in the genus Craterellus.
In the diagnosis of the genus which I have quoted the spores are said to be white, but in some of our species they vary considerably from this color.
The name of the genus is derived trom cantharus, a kind of drink- ing cup.
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Lamelle thin, regularly and repeatedly dichotomous. 2. 2 Lamelle orange-colored. C. aurantiacus. 2 Lamelle white. C. umbonatus. 1 Lamellz thick, simple or irregularly branched. 3. 3 Stem very short, hairy or subtomentose. 4. 4 Pileus floccose-scaly. C. floccosus. 4 Pileus glabrous. ~ C. brevipes.~ 3 Stem longer, glabrous. 5. 5 Pileus glabrous, yellow. 6. 6 Pileus thick, stem solid. C. cibarius. 6 Pileus thin, stem stuffed or hollow. * C. minor. 5 Pileus glabrous, cinnabar-red. C. cinnabarinus. _ 5 Pileus not glabrous. 7. 7 Floccose or fibrillose. 8. 8 Dingy-yellow or brownish. C. infundibuliformis. 8 Dingy-cinereous or blackish-cinereous. — , »C. cinereus. 7 Pruinose. 4 C. pruinosus.
AGaricompEs. Lamelle thin, close, regularly dichotomous.
Cantharellus aurantiacus Wulf. Orange Chantarelle. False Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, thick, soft, minutely tomentose, plane or slightly depressed, yellowtsh-orange, often tinged with smoky-brown, the mar- gin decurved or involute, flesh whitish or yellowish ; lamelle narrow, close. repeatedly forked, decurrent, dright-orange, sometimes yellow- ish ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, solid, subconcolorous ; spores subelliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .00018 broad.
Plant 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 5 lines thick.
Ground and much decayed wood. Common in hilly and moun- tainous districts. July to October.
36 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
The bright color and regular bifurcations of the lamellee render this a beautiful and easily recognizable species. The pileus is somewhat obconic in outline, but it is subject to some variation in color. The disk is often tinged with brown or smoky-brown and sometimes the whole surface fades to a dingy buffred. The margin is sometimes a pale yellow or even whitish, and a form with whitish lamelle has occurred in a sphagnous marsh near Albany. In the European plant the stem is said occasionally to become black. This form is Merulius nigripes Pers. The wholly white European form has not been found here.
The species is pronounced ‘ poisonous” by some authors, and ‘scarcely esculent”’ by Rev. M. J. Berkeley. It is especially fond of adamp mossy soil filled with vegetable mold, and it sometimes occurs quite late in the season.
Cantharellus umbonatus /f”.
Umbonate Chantarelle.
Pileus thin, soft, at first convex, then plane or centrally depressed, umbonate, papillate or even, smooth or flocculose-silky, rarely mi- nutely squamulose, bluish-cinereous, grayish-brown or blackish-cin- ereous, the flesh white; lamelle thin, straight, more or less decur- rent, dichotomous, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, solid or stuffed, generally slightly silky, villose or white-tomentose at the base, whitish or tinged with the color of the pileus; spores white, oblong or subfusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant 1 to 6 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Damp, mossy ground in woods and open places. North Elba, Catskill mountains and Karner. August to October.
Var. subceruleus. Pileus bluish or bluish-gray, silky and shining.
Var. dichotomus. Pileus even or the umbo reduced to a mere papilla, grayish-brown.
Var. brevior. Pileus as in variety dichotomus, but the stem very short, about 1 inch long, equal and scarcely silky.
This is a variable species. All the descriptions of the European plant which have come under my notice speak of it as umbonate, and some emphasize this character and describe it as ‘‘ always per- sistent,” ‘‘ unchanged,” etc. In the American plant it is often en- tirely absent, and when present it is generally a mere acute papilla.
*
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 37
If of fair size in the fresh plant it becomes small and inconspicuous in the dried specimen. In consequence of this disagreement between the American plant and the descriptions of the European, the former was supposed to be distinct, and described in the Twenty-third Re- port as Cantharellus dichotomus; but from its close agreement in other respects I am now of the opinion that our plant is but a variety of the European, and I have modified the description of the species so that it may include our forms. I have looked in vain for a de- scription of the spore characters of this species in any of the Euro- pean works at my command. These characters here given are taken from the American plant. Should they be found to differ from those of the European plant, it will be necessary to keep our plant distinct. In ours, as in the European, wounds of the flesh and lamellz often change to a reddish hue, and sometimes the lamelle assume this color in drying. When growing among mosses the stem is often considerably elongated, and the white tomentum at its base so closely invests the surrounding mosses that it is difficult to pluck the plant entire without taking with it a tuft of moss.
EucANTHARELLUS. Lamelle very narrow, thick, vein-like, abun- danily branching or anastomosing ; pileus narrowly obconic-; stem very short.
The species of this section appear thus far to be peculiar to America.
Cantharellus floccosus Schw.
Floccose Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, firm, elongated funnel-form or trumpet shape, floc- cose-scaly, ochraceous-yellow ; lamelle thick, narrow, close, abun- dantly anastomosing above, long-decurrent and subparallel below, subconcolorous ; stem very short, thick, sometimes with a flexuous, root-like prolongation ; spores ochraceous, narrowly elliptical, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0003 in. broad, with an oblique apiculus at one end.
Plant 2 to 5 in. high, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 4 to 8 lines thick.
Woods and their borders. Common. July and August.
This is our largest species of Chantarelle. At first the plant is almost cylindrical, it being scarcely broader at the top than at the base ; but it gradually expands above and spreads its margin until it becomes trumpet-shaped. The pileus of the young plant is some-
38 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
times tinged with orange. The scales are sometimes thick and_per- sistent, and again thin and subevanescent. The pileus is depressed or umbilicate at a very early age, and it frequently becomes pervious when mature. The interstices or reticulations formed by the anas- tomosing of the lamelle are in some specimens as broad as long, in others much longer than broad. The stem is often, though not always, somewhat tomentose.
Cantharellus brevipes Pk.
Short-stemmed Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, narrowly obconic, glabrous, alutaceous or dingy cream color, the thin margin erect, often irregular and lobed, tinged with lilac in the young plant, flesh soft, whitish ; lamellz numerous, nearly straight on the margin, abundantly anastomosing below, pale umber tinged with lilac; stem short, tomentose-pubescent, solid, cinereus, often tapering downwards ; spores yellowish, oblong-elliptical, uninu- cleate, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Plant subceespitose, 3 to 4 in. high, pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 4 to 6 lines thick.
Woods. Ballston. July.
This is a very rare species. It occurred in very limited quantity ° in 1879, in the locality mentioned, and has not since been found. — It is smaller than OQ. floccosus, more cespitose in its mode of growth, and with thinner lamelle. The thick fleshy pileus is neither pervious nor umbilicate and but slightly depressed.
CANTHARELLUS. Lamelle narrow, distant, sparingly and irregu- larly branched or anastomosing ; pileus fleshy, glabrous ; stem fleshy, generally solid. ;
Cantharellus cibarius Fr. Edible Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded or slightly depressed, glabrous, yellow, the margin at first involute, then spreading, often wavy or irregular, flesh white within ; lamelle narrow, thick, distant, decurrent, somewhat branched or anastomosing, yellow ; stem firm, elabrous, soldd, yellow, sometimes tapering downwards ; spores sub- elliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant 1.5 to 4 in. high, pileus 1.5 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick. )
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 39
Woods, copses and open places. Common, June to September.
The edible Chantarelle, though often irregular in shape, is beauti- ful in color. The whole plant is of a clear, rich egg-yellow hue, and this, with its solid stem, renders its identification easy. The Ameri- an plant scarcely varies in color, but in Europe there is said to be a white variety of it. When old, the margin first begins to dry, and soon assumes a dull reddish-brown hue. The flesh both of the pileus and stem is white, though often tinged with yellow near the surface. Some authors attribute to it an odor like that of ripe apricots, but I have not been able to detect any decided odor in it. The lamelle vary somewhat in their degree of proximity to each other and in the extent of their ramification. They are sometimes wavy or crisped as in some species of Paxillus. The interspaces are usually venose. The length of the stem is generally about equal to the breadth of the pileus. It is more frequently curved or flexuous than straight, and sometimes it is narrowed downward. The spores are described by most authors as white, but if they are collected on white paper they have a slight yellowish or salmon-yellow tint. The plant grows either in a scattered manner or arranged in curved lines, as if attempting to form a “fairy ring.” <A favorite habitat is in the deep shade of hemlock trees, but it also grows freely and _plenti- fully in thin woods of deciduous trees in damp, showery weather. The species is quite celebrated for its edible qualities. Fries says that ‘‘it is justly enumerated among the most sapid fungi; ” Bad- ham, that ‘‘no fungus is more popular;” Berkeley, that ‘it is occasionally served up at public dinners at the principal hotels in London on state occasions, when every effort is made to secure the rarest and most costly dainties ;”’ Cooke, that ‘ it is alike esteemed in France, Germany, Austria and Italy,” and that ‘it is not at all uncommon to hear from epicures rapturous encomiums of this golden fungus.” According to Badham, ‘it requires to be gently stewed, and a long time, to make it tender; but by soaking it in milk the night before, less cooking will be requisite.”
Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw.
Cinnabar-colored Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, rather thin, firm, convex, then depressed or subin- fundibuliform, often irregular, cénnabar-ved, . the margin at first inflexed, often lobed in large specimens, flesh whitish, externally tinged with red; lamelle subdistant, branched, decurrent, ec¢nnadar-
40 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
red ; stem glabrous, solid, cénnabar-red ; spores subelliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant 1 to 2 in. high, pileus 8 to 16 lines broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Thin woods and open places. Sandlake, Brewerton and Forest- burgh. July to September.
This Chantarelle is beautifully colored, though frequently irregular in shape. It is closely related to the preceding species, from which its color, smaller size and comparatively broader lamelle distinguish it. It varies slightly in the depth of its color, the pileus being some- times tinged with yellow. It is difficult to preserve its red hue in the dried specimens. The width of the lamelle is generally equal to or greater than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. The flesh has a slightly pungent or peppery taste. The species was placed by Fries in the genus Hygrophorus, but it is a genuine Cantharellus,
Cantharellus minor Pik. Small Chantarelle.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, often umbilicate or centrally depressed, glabrous, yellow, flesh, pale-yellow; lamelle narrow, distant, sparingly branched, yellow ; stem s/ender, subflexu- ous, subequal, smooth, stuffed or hollow, yellow, with a whitish mycelium at the base ; spores subelliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Thin woods and open places. Greenbush and Sandlake. June and July.
This is a very small Chantarelle. It is colored like C. cébarius, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, thin and frequently umbilicate pileus, comparatively broader lamellz, and more slender stem, and smaller spores. In very small or young specimens the stem sometimes appears to be solid, but in large and mature speci- mens it is stuffed or hollow, especially in the upper part. By this character it connects this section with the next. In wet weather the pileus is moist and has a watery-yellow hue which fades slightly in drying.
LEPTOCANTHARELLUS. Pileus thin or submembranous, not glab- rous ; stem subelongated, generally hollow.
SPECIES OF CANTHAREILUS. 4]
Cantharellus infundibuliformis Scop.
Funnel-shaped Chantarelle.
Pileus thin or submembranous, convex and umbilicate, then funnel- shaped and often pervious, slightly floccose or fibrillose, uneven, vary- ing in color from dingy-yellow to dark watery-brown when moist, grayish or grayish-yellow or grayish-brown when dry, the margin frequently wavy, irregular or lobed; lamelle narrow, thick, decur- rent, distant, irregularly or dichotomously branched, yellow or sub- cinereous, becoming prucnose, the interspaces generally venose ; stem rather slender, glabrous, hollow, yed/ow ; spores broadly elliptical, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .0003 to .00035 in. broad.
Var. typicus. Pileus dingy-yellow ; stem pale-yellow.
Var. dudeolus. (Cantharellus lutescens, 23d Rep., p. 122.) Pileus convex, umbilicate, dingy-yellow ; lamella very distant, sparingly branched, yellowish ; stem yellow, tinged with red or orange.
Var. zonatus Fr. Pileus zonate.
Var. subcinereus. Pileus dark watery-brown when moist, gray or grayish-brown when dry ; stem yellowish, dingy above.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 1.5 to 4 in. high, ‘pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 lines thick.
Woods and swamps among moss or fallen leaves and on decayed wood. Common. June to October.
This species is so variable that it seems desirable to designate its principal varieties by name. Through variety subcénereus it approaches C. cinereus on one hand, and, through variety /uteolus, C. tubceformis on the other. Indeed, so closely is it allied to this last-named species that the two were united in Systema Mycologicum. But in all our forms or varieties the lamellee become frosted or pruinose in appear- ance, and this character, according to the descriptions of Professor Fries, is a distinguishing feature of C. énfundibuliformis. In the description of C. éubeformis, as given in the Handbook, the lamelle of it also are said to be “ frosted with a white bloom,” but the dimen- sions there ascribed to its stem and spores do not correspond to those of any of our specimens. In our plant the pileus of fresh growing specimens has a moist or watery appearance, and as the moisture evaporates the color becomes paler. The surface of the pileus is a little uneven, and the fibrils are so arranged that they give it a somewhat streaked or virgate appearance approaching sometimes to a subreticulate aspect. Occasionally the pileus is slightly zonate,
42, BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
but such specimens grow intermingled with others that are not zonate and are evidently the same species. In the larger specimens the pileus is frequently more lobed and irregular than in the others. In these also the lamelle are apt to be less distant and more branched and the interspaces more venose than usual. The color of the lamellee may be yellow, grayish-yellow, subcinereous or even tinged with lilac. The stem in variety ¢ypécus is pale-yellow or flavid, in variety Juteolus it is more or less tinged with red, and in variety subecnereus it has a dingy or smoky tint above. This variety occurs especially among Sphagnum in marshes.
Cantharellus cinereus Pers. Gray Chantarelle.
Pileus thin, submembranous, centrally depressed or funnel-shaped, often becoming pervious, minutely hairy or scaly, cénereous or blackish- cinereous, the margin frequently lobed or irregular; lamella thick, distant or subdistant, decurrent, branched and anastomosing, cinere- ous ; stem hollow, often compressed or irregular, eznereous or blackish- cinereous ; spores elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant gregarious or cespitose, 1.5 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Greig, Sandlake and Albany. August and September,
The gray Chantarelle is less common than the preceding species to which it is closely related, but from which it may be distinguished by the absence of yellow hues from its pileus and stem. Its stem is generally comparatively thicker and its mode of growth more cxespitose.
Cantharellus pruinosus Pk. Frosted Chantarelle.
Pileus thin, convex, subumbilicate, prucnose, white ; lamellae rather broad, distant, long-decurrent, sémple or rarely branched, white ; stem long, slender, slightly enlarged above, prucnose, whitish ; spores globose, 0002 to .00025 in. in diameter.
Plant about 1 in. high, pileus 2 to 3 lines broad, stem scarcely 1 line thick.
Ground in pastures. Sageville. August.
This is our smallest species, and is one most readily recognized by its slender habit, white color and minutely mealy or pruinose surface. -
SPECIES OF CANTHARELLUS. 43
In some respects it approaches the European C. Brown? B. & Br., but is clearly distinct from it, by its broad and very decurrent lamelle, by its pruinose surface and by its umbilicate instead of an umbonate pileus.
Cantharellus crispus differs from all the preceding species in habit and texture and is now referred to the genus Trogia.
Satisfactory examples of Cantharellus tubeeformis have not occurred within our limits. The specimens formerly referred to this species and to CO. Jutescens prove to be only forms of C. énfundibuliformis.
Several dimidiate and resupinate species of this genus are found in Europe, but none have occurred within our limits.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF CRATERELLUS.
CRATERELLUS /*.
“Hymenium waxy-membranous, distinct, but adnate to the hymenophorum, definitely inferior, continuous, glabrous, even or rugose. Spores white.
“ Terrestrial, fleshy or membranous, autumnal fungi, related to the Cantharelli and furnished with an entire pileus and a stem.” Hymen. Europ., p. 630.
This genus is intimately related to Cantharellus on one hand, and by its nearly even hymenium it approaches Thelephora and Clavaria on the other. So intimate is its relationship. with Cantharellus that, in the Systema Mycologicum, its species were referred to that genus, and in his later work, the Hymenomycetes Europzei, Professor Fries justly remarks that the analogy between various species of the two genera is wonderful. Indeed, some of the species of these genera cannot readily be distinguished without an inspection of the hyme- nium, so closely do they resemble each other in size, shape and color. The species of Craterellus have the hymenium nearly even, or merely rugose or rugose-wrinkled, the folds or wrinkles being irregular or indistinet, or so interwoven and lost in each other and in the hyme- nium that any particular one cannot readily be traced from the stem to the margin of the pileus, as they can be in species of Cantharellus. In the same species the wrinkles are more distinct in some specimens than in others, and often they are more distinct in the fresh plant than in the dried one. In all our species the hymenium is decurrent. The pileus is frequently more or less split or lobed on the margin aud sometimes is divided nearly to its base. It is not clear why the genus should be characterized as ‘“ autumnal,’ for some of the species occur as early as July. In some of the older works these fungi are distributed in the genera Cantharellus, Merulius, Elvella and Peziza. The name Craterellus signifies a little cup, and has reference to the shape of the pileus in some species.
SPECIES OF CRATERELLUS. 45
Synopsis of the Species.
1 Stem hollow, pileus mostly pervious. 2. 2 Hymenium cinereous or brown. 3.
3 Pileus tubiform, spores .0005 to .0007 in. long. C. cornucopioides.
3 Pileus funnel-shaped, spores .00025 to .0003 in. long. C. dubius,
2 Hymenium yellow. C. lutescens.
1 Stem solid, pileus not pervious. 4, 4 Hymenium and stem similarly colored. C. Cantharellus.
4 Hymenium and stem dissimilarly colored. C. clavatus.
Craterellus cornucopioides Pers. Cornucopia-like Craterellus. Horn-like Craterellus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, tubzform, pervious, sometimes granu- lar or minutely scaly, cinereous, smoky-brown or blackish, the spread- ing or decurved margin generally lobed, wavy or irregular; hyme- nium even or rugose-wrinkled, cinereous or brown ; stem very short, hollow, blackish-brown or black ; spores narrowly elliptical, .0005 to .0007 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2.5 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Woods. Common. July to September.
This is our most common Craterellus. It is easily recognized by its elongated tubular or narrowly trumpet-shaped pileus and its dingy- gray or smoky-brown hue. The pileus is thin but rather tough and ~ elastic. The hymenium is generally a little paler than the pileus and varies in color from cinereous to reddish-brown und dark smoky- brown. It sometimes becomes pruinose when dry. ‘The stem is short or almost obsolete, the hymenium extending nearly or quite to the surface of the ground. The spores are larger than in any of our other species. It grows especially on naked soil on shaded banks or knolls or in old roads in woods. In shape it corresponds very closely to Cantharellus floccosus, but in every other respect it differs decid- edly from that species. In color it resembles Cantharellus cinereus, from which its more elongated pileus, shorter stem and different hymenium at once separate it. Cantharellus cornucopioides Fr., Peziza cornucopioides L., Merulius cornucopioides Pers., Merulius purpureus With. and Helvella cornucopioides Scop. are ancient synonyms.
Craterellus dubius Pi. Doubtful Craterellus.
Pileus thin, ¢nfundibuliform or subtubiform, subfibrillose, dark-
brown or lurid-brown, pervious, the margin generally wavy and
46 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
lobed ; hymenium dark-cinereous and rugose when moist, the obscure crowded irregular wrinkles abundantly anastomosing, nearly even and paler when dry ; stem short, hollow, colored like the hymentum ; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant single or cespitose, 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem about 2 lines thick.
Ground under spruce trees. Adirondack mountains. August.
This very rare species has not been found by us since its discovery in Keene Valley, Essex county, in 1877. It is closely related to C. cornucopioides, from which its shorter more funnel-shaped pileus, longer paler stem and smaller spores will distinguish it. It is also apparently similar to C: sénuosus and C. crispus, and both it and they may yet prove to be different forms of one very variable species. In all of our specimens the pileus is pervious and the stem hollow to the base. This last character will distinguish the species from both those mentioned. In some specimens the pileus is much lobed or multifid on the margin. The hymenium is darker colored and much more rugose or uneven when moist than it is when dry. In the dried specimens it is pale-cinereous, often with a tinge of yellow, and its color extends to the base of the stem. The darker color of -the pileus is continued downwards in the cavity of the stem. In general appearance this species corresponds more closely to Can- tharellus cinereus than does C. cornucopioides, which is sometimes compared with that species.
Craterellus lutescens /F’.
Yellowish Craterellus.
Pileus thin, submembranous, varying from convex and umbilicate to tubiform or funnel-shaped, often becoming pervious, yellowish, dingy-yellow or brownish, the margin frequently lobed, wavy or irregu- lar; hymenium nearly even or distinctly and sometimes densely rugose- wrinkled, yellow ; stem rather slender, subflexuous, glabrous, hollow, yellow ; spores subelliptical, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant single or gregarious, occasionally czespitose, 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 lines thick. :
Moist places in woods and swamps. Sandlake and Helderberg mountains, July and August. .
SPECIES OF CURATERELLUS. 47
This species corresponds closely in size, color and general appear- ance to Cantharellus infundibuliformis, from which it is not readily distinguished except by its hymenium, which is neither pruinose nor furnished with distinct lamelle, though its vein-like wrinkles some- times make a close approach to the narrow lamelle of that Chanta- relle. It is commonly compared with Cantharellus tubceformis, with which, according to Fries, it was formerly confused, and to which it corresponds very closely by reason of its naked yellow hymenium. The pileus of the European plant is described as ‘“ flocculose,” but in our plant it is usually almost glabrous or but slightly fibrillose. The hymenium is sometimes slightly reddish or orange-tinted and the stem is colored like it rather than like the pileus. In small or young plants it is not uncommon to find the stem stuffed below and hollow above only. The base of the stem is frequently hairy or strigose.
Cantharellus lutescens Fr., Merulius lulescens Pers., Merulius xanthopus Pers., Helvella tubeformis Schetf. and Peziza undulata Bolt. are synonyms of the older works.
Craterellus Cantharellus Schw. Chantarelle Craterellus.
Pileus flesby, firm, convex, then centrally depressed or infundibuli- form, glabrous, yellow or pinkish-yellow, the margin commonly lobed, wavy or irregular, flesh white; hymenium nearly even or rugose- wrinkled, yellow ; stem glabrous, solid, yellow ; spores subelliptical, -0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Plant single or cespitose, 1.5 to 3 in. high, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods and bushy places. Sandlake. August.
So closely does this plant resemble the edible Chantarelle, both in size, shape and color, that it would be natural to suppose it a form of that species with an undeveloped or abnormally developed hyme- nium. Its color is a vitelline or egg-yellow, as in that species, but sometimes there is a slight pinkish tinge to the pileus and a faint shade of salmon color or orange to the hymenium. The spores also, when collected on white paper, have a yellowish or salmon-yellow tint. The plant is more frequently ceespitose than Cantharellus cibardus, and consequently the pileus is generally more irregular. It was placed by Schweinitz in the genus Thelephora, section CRATERELL&®, whence the synonym Thelephora Cantharellus Schw. In Grevillea, vol. 1, p. 147, this name is given as a synonym of Oraterellus late-
48 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
ritius B., which is described as ‘' brick-red ” with a deeply umbilicate pileus. I have seen no such forms of our plant and hesitate to adopt the opinion there expressed. The species appears to be peculiar to this country.
Craterellus clavatus Pers.
Pileus fleshy, soft, clavate or narrowly obconic, turbinate, truncate or slightly depressed, nearly glabrous, yellowish, flesh white ; hyme- nium slightly corrugated or rugose-wrinkled, dud/-purplish or brownish tncarnate ; stem short, solid, pallid or yellowish ; spores subelliptical, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .0003 in. broad.
Plant 2 to 3 in. high, pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick.
Hemlock woods. Brewerton. September. Rare.
This species has not been found by me since its discovery in our State in 1878. Its corresponding species among the Chantarelles is Cantharellus brevipes. Its resemblance to Clavaria pistillaris is also noticeable. The pileus is sometimes slightly uneven or rugose, and its margin is rather obtuse and sometimes crenately irregular. The color of the hymenium is a peculiar mixture of pink, brown, lilae and purple, which is not easy to define. It sometimes approaches a pale-liver color. Fries describes it as passing from violet-flesh color to fuliginous and umber-brown. These variations in the color of the hymenium have given rise to various synonyms; for example, Meru- lius violaceus Pers., Merulius purpurascens Pers., Merulius carneus Pers., and Merulius umbrinus Pers. Other synonyms are Merulius clavatus Pers., Clavaria truncata Schmidt, and Clavaria elvellordes Wulf. i
Craterellus coespitosus Pk. is a spurious species and is therefore omitted.
NAMES OF NEW YORK PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI.
The names by which the following species were formerly known or reported are given in the right-hand column whenever they differ from those of the Saccardoan system. The left-hand column contains the names required by that system.
Perisporiacez, Podosphera tridactyla De By. Podosphera Kunzei Lev. Pe biuncinata C. & P. Spherotheca Castagnei Lev. Ss. pruinosa C. & P. | Phyllactinia suffulta Sace. Phyllactinia guttata Lev. Uncinula adunca Lev. U. Ampelopsidis Pk. WE Clintonii Ph. UD; macrospora Pk. U. flexuosa Pk. U. geniculata Ger. LO circinata C. & P. U. parvula C. & P. U. luculenta Howe. U. Americana Howe. Uncinula spiralis B. & C Microsphera Astragali Trev. Microsphera holosericea Lev. M. abbreviata Pk. M. , Hedwigii Lev. M. Dubyi Lev. 'M. Friesii Lev. M. penicillata Lev. M. Van Bruntiana Ger. M. densissima Schw. M. Russellii Clinton. M. extensa C. & P. M. diffusa C. &. P. M._~ .pulchra C. & P. M. Vaccinii C. & P. M. Platani Howe. M. Menispermi Howe. M. Symphoricerpi Howe. Erysiphe communis Fr. E. Martii Zev. E. lamprocarpa Lev. E. Liriodendri Schw. E. Euphorlbize Ph. Erysiphella aggregata Pk. Eurotium herbariorum Lh. Dimerosporium Collinsii Thwm. Spheria Collinsii Schw. Scorias spongiosa Fr, =
50 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Ceelospheria exilis Sace. Fracchiza ecallista B. & C. Calospheria Princeps Sel. Coronophora odtheca Sace. Quaternaria Persoonii Tvl. Valsa Pini Ff’.
Vitis Fckl.
Alni Pk.
Linders Pk. subclypeata C. & P. Americana B. & C. truncata C. & P. centripeta Fr. colliculus Wormsk. Rubi Feél.
nivea Fr. leucostoma FY’. ambiens FY. salicina Fr.
: translucens De Wot. Eutypella Prunastri Sace. stellulata Sacc. Platani Sacc. fraxinicola Sace. tumidula Sace.
: innumerabilis Sace. utypa Acharii Tul.
lata Tul.
spinosa Tul. Diatrype disciformis Fr. Stigma Fr. platystoma Berk. bullata Fr. corniculata B. & Br. asterostoma B. & C. : Durizi Mont.
dddddddddAd444
bo tet tt bt tb
SUOUOS
Diatrypella Tocciezana De Not.
aspera JVits. discoidea C. & P. betulina Pk. Cephalanthi Sace. prominens Howe. Ceratostoma rubefaciens Sace. C. piliferum Fckl. Chetomium lanosum Pk.
C. funicolum Cke.
C. melioloides C. & P. CC. comatum FY. Sordaria coprophila C. & D. 8. fimiseda C. & D.
8. amphicornis Hilis.
SOyUY
Spheeriacez.
Spheria exilis A. & S.
_S. callsta B. & C. | Valsa pulchella Fr.
Spheria odtheca B. & C. Valsa quaternata 7.
Valsa Prunastri Fr. stellulata Fr. Platani Schw. fraxinicola C. & P. tumidula C. & P. innumerabilis Pk.
sass
Spheria limeformis Schw.
~«
Diatrype Toccizana De Not. D. aspera Pr.
D: discoidea C. & P.
D. betulina Pk.
Dz. Cephalanthi Schw.
Spheria rubefaciens Pk. 8. piliferum Fr.
Chetomium elatum ze. Hypoxylon coprophilum Fr. Spheria fimiseda C. & D. 8. eximia Pk.
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI.
Sordaria valsoides Sace. Hypocopra leucoplaca Sace. Coprolepa fimeti Sacc. Philocopra canina Sace. Rosellinia aquila De ot. Desmazierii Sace. mutans Sace. obtusissima Sace. pulveracea Fckl. sordaria Rehm. hirtissima Sace. Bombar dia fasciculata Fr.
Pm BP
Anthostomella Closterium Sace.
A. rostrispora Sacec.
A. smilacinina Sace. Anthostoma adustum Sace. A. cercidicolum Sace. A. atropunctatum Sace. A.? scoriadeum Sace. Xylaria polymorpha Grev. corniformis /’r. grandis Pk.
acuta Pk. Hypoxylon Grev. digitata Girev. graminicola Ger. filiformis Fr. Ustulina vulgaris Tul.
bd bd A bd be be bd
Daldinia concentrica C. & D.
Hypoxylon coccineum Bull. argillaceum Berk. Howeanum Pk. fuscum Fr. xanthocreas B. & C. coherens Fy. perforatum Schw. multiforme Fr. Morsei B. & C. serpens Fr. Sassafras Berk. atropurpureum 7. rubiginosum FY.
pd tt tt tt ot tt tt
smilacicglum Sace. N ee lari ia discreta Tul. N. Bulliardi Tul.
Ceratostomella rostrata Sace. Gnomoniella tubiformis Sace.
mirabilis Sace. vulgaris Sace. eurvicolla Sace. eccentrica Sace.
QAAAA
fuscopurpureum Berk.
| |
ees valsoides Pk. leucoplaca B. & R. fimeti Pers.
canina Pk,
aquila Pr. Desmazierii B. & Br. mutans OC. & P. obtusissima B. & C. pulveracea Hhrh. sordaria Fr. hirtissima Pk. bombarda Batsch. Closterium B. & C. rostraspora Ger. smilacinina Pk.
Dm
JANNDDN MND
Diatr ype adusta C. & P.
iD: cercidicola B. & C. D. atropunctata Schw. Spheeria scoriadea Fr.
ypoxylon ustulatum Bull.
H WWE concentricum Bolt. Fe
fragiforme Pers.
| Diatrype smilacicola Schw. ne: discreta Schw.
Hypoxylon nummularia Bull.
| Spheria rostrata Fr.
tubzeformis Tode. mirabilis Pk. Gnomon Tode. curvicolla Pk. eccentrica C. & P.
51
52 BULLETIN N. ¥. Gnomoniella fimbriata Sace.
G. Coryli Sace.
G. melanostyla Sace.
Lestadia carpinea Sace.
1 FF fraxinicola Sace.
L. brunnea Sace. Physalospora minutella Sace. iBe ceanothina Sace. Trichospheria fissurarum Sace. ke subcorticalis Sace.
Wallrothiella Arceuthobii Sace. W. squalidula Sace. Botryospheria Quercuum Sace. Cryptosporella leptasca Sace. C. anomala Sace. Spherella punctiformis Rabh. maculiformis Awersw. spleniata C. & P. orbicularis Pk. colorata Pk. indistincta Pk. Impatientis P. & C. Vaccinil Che.
sparsa Auwersw. Sarracenize Sacc. smilacicola Cke. Baomates Robertiana Fr. Didymella Spherellula Sace. D. onosmodina Sace. Melanopsamma recessa Sace. M. Papilla Sace.
Bertia moriformis De Wot. Venturia ditricha Karst. Clintonii Pk. compacta Pk.
Kalmie Pk.
orbicula C. & P. pulchella C. & P. Dickiei C. & D. Myrtilli Che.
Endothia gyrosa Fckl. Melanconis stilbostoma Tul. M. thelebola Sace. Diaporthe platasca Sace. acerina Sace. Woolworthii Sacc. leiphema Sacc. impulsa Sace.
Crategi Fckl.
bicineta Sace. oxyspora Sace. obscura Sace.
DAD DAN MDD
adds
SSCS ses
STATE MUSEUM.
Spheria fimbriata Pers.
8. Coryli Batsch.
8. melanostyla FY. Spherella carpinea F*. Depazea fraxinicola Curt. Dz. brunnea B. & C. Bane minutella Pk. ceanothina PA. fissurarum B. & C. subcorticalis Pk. Arceuthobii Pk. squalidula C. & P. Mslosrarivie Quercuum FY. Valsa leptasca P. & C. Diatrype anomala Pk. Spheria punctiformis Pers.
DnnD D
S. Sarracenize Schw. Depazea smilacicola Schw. Dothidea Robertiana F’. Spheria Spherellula Ph. S. onosmodina P. & C. 8. recessa C. & P.
8. Papilla Schw.
Ss moriformis Z'ode.
8. + gyrosa Schw. Valsa stilbostoma 7. Vv. thelebola £7. Diatrype platasca Ph. Valsa acerina Pk. Woolworthii Ph. leiphema Fr. impulsa C. & P. Crategi Curr. bicincta C. & P. oxyspora Pk. obscura Pk.
Suiits Basile: laaiies
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI. 53
Diaporthe mucronata Sace. salicella Sace.
spiculosa Witsch. aculeata Sace.
racemula Sace. Desmodii Sace. exercitalis Sace.
picea Sace.
ee mospheria Parnassiz Sace. Massariella bufonia Speg. Parodiella perisporioides Speg. Amphispheria phileura Sace. A. salebrosa Sace.
AY. thujina Sace.
Otthia alnea Sace.
gP PPS EES
O. seriata Sace. Valsaria Peckii Sace. We moroides Sace. —
Massaria Corni Sace.
M. Argus Tul.
M. vomitoria B. & C. oo ia Doliolum De Not. subconica Sace. viridella Sace. ramulicola Sace. scapophila Sacc.! sorghophila Sace. orthogramma Sace. culmifraga C. & D. Crepini De Not. Marcyensis Sace. taxicola Sace. platanicola Sace.
HR PRP RRP Re
Si easpheri ia Hendersonize Sace.
Cheetospheria leonina Sace.
C. phzostromoides Sace. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius F¢kl. Trematospheria pertusa Fekl. Sporormia minima Avwersw. Aglaospora profusa Lamb. Pseudovalsa bicornis Sace.
Vee lancif. v. elliptica Pk. iP sambucina Sacc.
Te hapalocystis Sace. Melogramma vagans De Not. Metaspheria Semen Sacc.
M. staphylina Sace. Lasiospheria hirsuta C. & D.
uy cesariata Sace. L viridicoma Sace. IDB eanescens Karst. L xestothele Sace.
nth ppp ph
Valsa mucronata Pk.
| Spheeria salicella Fr.
spiculosa Pers. aculeata Schw. racemula 0. & P. Desmodii Pk. exercitalis Ph.
picea Pers. Parnassize Pk. Naaaitin bufonia Tw. Spheria perisporioides B. & C. Ss. phileura C. & P.
S. salebrosa C. & P.
8. thujina Pk. Cucurbitaria alnea Pk.
OF seriata Ph.
Valsa Peckii Howe. Diatrype moroides C. & P. Massaria gigaspora Desm.
Spee Doliolum Pers. subconica C. & P. viridella Pk. ramulicola Pk. scapophila Ph. sorghophila Pk. orthogramma B. & C. culmifraga Desm. Crepini West. { Marciensis Pk. taxicola Pk. platanicola Howe. Hendersonie Lillis. leonina C. & P.+ pheostromvides Pk. pulvis-pyrius Pers. pertusa Pers.
minima Awersw. Vales profusa Fr. Melanccnis bicornis Che.
M. elliptica Pk.
Valsa sambucina Pk.
Wie hapalocystis B. & Br. Melogramma Bulliardi Tul. Spheria Semen C. & P.
ANDDDANDNDAL NAAM ND fh
S. staphylina Pk.
S. hirsuta Ff’.
S. cxesariata CO. & P. S. viridicoma OC. & P. S. canescens Pe7's.
S. xestothele B. & C.
54 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Lasiospheria Pezizula Sace. L. spermoides C. & D. L. ovina C. & D. Acanthostigma Clintonii Sace. Zignoella exigua Sace. Pleospora herbarum Rabh. Pyrenophora phzocomes Sace. Tulella monosperma Saec. Teichospora obducens Fk. Abe interstitialis Sace.
Te phellogena Sace. Cucurbitaria elongata Grev. C. Berberidis Gray. Thyridium Spraguei Sace. Fenestella superficialis Sace. F. Xanthoxyli Sace. Ophiobolus fulgidus Sace.
O. porphyrogonus Sace. O. acuminatus Duby.
O. Urtice Sace.
Sillia ferruginea Karst. Cryptospora suffusa Tul.
C. femoralis Sace. (Ce cinctula Sace. C. trichospora Sace.
Nectriella mycetophila Sace. Melanospora lagenaria F¢kl. Hypomyces lateritius Tul. Lactifluorum Tul. floccosus Fr. ochraceus Tul. aurantius Fekl.
Van Bruntianus Ger. polyporinus Pk. transformans Pk. Hypocrea rufa Fr.
Patella C. & P. chromosperma C. & P. gelatinosa Fr, contorta Schw, Richardsoni B. & M. citrina Fr.
alutacea C. & D. apiculata C. & P. Nectria Ribis Rabh. cinnabarina FY. Celastri Schw. cucurbitula Fr. sanguinea Fr,
ptt at tt
pb ft ot tt bt
Zz 2
Spheria Pezizula B. & C. | 8, spermoides Hoff. Ss ovina Pers. S. Clintonii Pk. | S. exigua C. & P. Ss herbarum Pers.
S) monosperma Pk.
8. obducens Fr.
8. interstitialis C. & P. Ss phellogena B. & C. Ss elongata FY.
8. Spraguei B. & C. Melogramma superticialis P. & C. Valsa Xanthoxyli Pk.
| Spheeria fulgida C. & P. 8. rubella Pers.
S. acuminata Sow.
8. Urtice Rabh. Diatrype ferruginea #7. Valsa suffusa Fr.
Ni femoralis Pk.
We cinctula C. & P.
We trichospora C. & P.
Hypocreacee.
Nectria mycetophila Pk. Spheria lagenaria Pers. Hypocrea lateritia Lr.
lel Lactifluornm Schw. lal floccosa Fr.
NAMES OF PYRENOMYCETOUS FUNGI. 55
Nectria epispheeria Fr. N. Peziza Fr.
N. Apocyni Pk. Gibberella pulicaris Sace. G. Saubinetii Sace. Claviceps purpurea Tvl.
Cordyceps pistillarieformis B. & Br.
superticialis Sace. ophioglossoides Tul. capitata Dk. entomorrhiza Fr. militaris Dk.
eenloe typhina Tul. Hypocrella Hypoxylon Sace.
ia Ran
Spheria pulicaris Pers.
Ss. Saubinetii Mont. Cordyceps purpurea Tul. Torrubia clavulata Schw. superficialis Pk. ophioglossoides Tul. capitata Fr. entomorrhiza Fr,
HES
Epichloe Hypoxylon Pk.
Dothideacez.
Phyllachora Ulmi Fk. Lespedezze Sace. graminis Fckl. Caricis Sace. Trifolii Fckl. flabella Thum. Pteridis #ckl. Dalibarde Sace. epispheria Sace. Detnidiella Kalmize Sace. D. Osmunde Sace. Plowrightia ribesia Sace. 12. morbosa Sace. Dothidea Sambuci Fr.
D. tetraspora B. & Br. D. Linder Ger. Ropographus filicinus Fh. R. clavisporus Sace.
rs td ro td oD
Spheria ulmea Schw. S. Lespedezze Schw. Ss. graminis Pers. Dothidea Caricis F7. Trifolii Fr. flabella B. & C. Pteridis Pers. Dalibarde Pk. epispheria Pk. Kalmize Pk. Osmunde P. & C. ribesia Pers. Spheria morbosa Schw.
esol he) (icin
Dothidea filicina FP. Hysterium clavisporum C. & P.
Microthyriacez.
Myiocopron Smilacis Sace.
| Microthyrium Smilacis De ot.
Lophiostomacez.
Lophiotrema Spire Sace. L. Scrophulariz Sacce. L. sexnucleatum Sace.
Lophiostoma triseptatum Pk. prominens Pk. turritum C. & P. magnatum C. & P. macrostomum De JVot. scelestum Sace. mpniaian obtectum Sace.
Hee oe
Lophiostomum Spirzee Ph. L. Scrophularize Pk. L. sexnucleata,Cke.
1D obtectum Pk.
56 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Hysteriacez,
Aulographum subconfluens Pk. Glonium stellatum MuAl. G. parvulum Ger.
G. simulans Ger.
G. hyalospermum Ger. G. lineare De Not. Angelina rufescens Duby. Hysterium pulicare Pers. angustatum A. & S. truncatulum C. & P. ellipticum F7. macrosporum Pk. Thuiarum C. & P. magnosporum (fer. Azalez Schw.
: rimincolum Schw. Mytilidion tortile Sace. Dicheena faginea Fr. Gloniopsis australis Sace.
bod ot ot oto
Hysterographium Fraxini De Not.
ie insidens Sace. lel Rousselii Sace. H. variabile Sace. H. vulvatum Rehm.
Hypoderma ilicinum De Not. nervisequum DC. Desmazieri Duby.
lineare Pk.
virgultorum DC. commune Duby. scirpinum DC.
Smilacis Rehm. ophodermium exaridum C. & P. maculare De Not. hysterioides Sace. spheerioides Duby. Pinastri Chev.
typhinum Lamb. Lophium mytilinum 7. Colpoma morbidum Sace.
C. lacteum Pk. Acrospermum compressum Tode.
et tt tt at ft fa tf
Hysterium lineare FY. Ascobolus conglomeratus Schw.
Dothidea rimincola Schw. Hysterium tortile Schw.
australis Duby. Fraxini Pers. insidens Schw. Rousselii De Wot. variabile C. & P. vulvatum Schw. ilicinum De Not.
Rhytisma lineare Pk.
Hysterium commune Fr.
scirpinum Fr. Smilacis Schw.
maculare Jy. xylomoides Chev. spheerioides A. & S. Pinastri Schrad. typhinum #7.
Triblidium morbidum Pk.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI.,
BOLETUS Diil.
Hymenium composed of separable tubes crowded into a porous stratum, without a trama, distinct and easily separable from the hymenophore. Mouths of the tubes either porous, round or angular ; spores normally fusiform, rarely oval or subrotund. Terrestrial, fleshy, putrescent, centrally stipitate fung?. Many of them valuable for their edible qualities, a few poisonous. Hym. Kurop., p. 495.
This genus is related to Paxillus on one hand and to Polyporus on the other. It is more accurately limited than many others, but its species are numerous and less clearly defined. Some are very vari- able, others are too closely allied to be readily distinguished. Fries remarks that ‘‘no genus has given me more trouble than that of the Boleti.” The difficulty is apparently due to the imperfect descrip- tions given by some authors and to the variability of some species whose limits have not been well ascertained.
Most of the Boleti grow in the warmest part of the season, and especially in very warm showery weather. They are scarce in dry weather. Some species attain a very large size, others exhibit a singular change of color in their tubes or flesh when cut or bruised. They are described as terrestrial, yet a few species sometimes occur also on much decayed wood.
The spoies vary in color in different species, but this variation occurs in closely related species, so that it is not deemed available for classifying in series as in the genus Agaricus. It is, however, valu- able as a specific character and should always be noted. Fries has taken the primary color of the tubes as the distinguishing character of the series, but the same objection holds in this case as in the other.
New York is rich in species of this genus. Two sections, LAcERI- pepes Pk. (Torr. Bull. 1883, p. 73) and Hrrripecies Pk. (in. ed.) are represented, of which no examples appear to have occurred in Europe. We attempt here an exposition of the species of the Vis- cipelles, the first section in the Friesian arrangement.
58 BULLETIN N. Y¥. STATE MUSEUM.
VIscIeELLES. Pileus covered with a viscose pellicle. Stem solid, neither bulbous nor reticulated with veins. Tubesadnate to the stem, rarely sinuate, of one color. Hym. Europ., p. 496.
In this section the species have the pileus either viscid or glutinous when moist, and in most of them the viscid pellicle is separable from the flesh. The flesh, when cut or exposed to the air does not, with one exception, assume the bluish tints so often seen in some of the members of other sections, yet in some, dull-pinkish or more obscure tints appear. In mature piants it generally becomes soft, almost floccose or cottony in texture. The tubes are mostly adnate or even slightly decurrent. In rare instances they may be somewhat de- pressed around the stem. The pores are usually of medium or large size and frequently angular. The dissepiments are often uneven or dentate. The mouths are colored like the rest of the tubes. Yellow or ochraceous hues prevail, but the tubes when young are paler than when mature. The stem is not distinctly bulbous, is always solid and generally glabrous or merely dotted. It is annulate in some, naked in others. In several closely related central species of the group it, as well as the tubes, exudes, when young, drops of a thick, gummy fluid, which soon hardens, becomes darker and forms sugary granules or glandular dots. The color of the spores is by no means uniform, but it is some shade of ochraceous, ferruginous or brown. The first and last species here described are exceptional by their slight viscidity. The first is also exceptional by its universal tomen- tose-pulverulent veil. Several species are edible. Nearly all occur in regions inhabited by pine or other coniferous trees, and are want- ing in localities destitute of these trees. )
\
Synopsis of the Species.
Stem annulate. Ms Stem not annulate. 6. 1 Cuticle of the pileus red. 2. 1 Cuticle of the pileus not red. 3. 2 Pileus either wholly or on the margin yellow-pulverulent. B. Ravenelii. 2 Pileus squamose. B. spectabilis. 3 Young tubes whitish. B. Elbensis. 3 Young tubes yellow. 4. 4 Stem not dotted. B. Clintonianus. 4 Stem dotted. 5. 5 Stem 5 lines or more thick, annulus not glutinous. B. luteus. 5 Stem less than 5 lines thick, annulus glutinous. B. subluteus. 6 Stem dotted. ths
6 Stem not dotted. ae
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 59
7 Pileus yellow. 8. 7 Pileus not clear yellow. B. granulatus. 8 Stem rhubarb color. B. punctipes. 8 Stem yellow, 4 lines or more thick. B. subaureus. 8 Stem generally yellow, less than 4 lines thick. B. Americanus. 9 Pileus bay-brown or chestnut color. 10. 9 Pileus some other color. B. piperatus. 10 Pileus very glutinous, stem very short. B. brevipes. 10 Pileus merely viscid when moist, stem longer. B. badius.
Boletus Ravenelii 5. & C. Ravyenel’s Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, slightly viscid when young or moist, at first covered with a sulphur-yellow pulverulent tomentum, the disk at length naked, dull-red, flesh whitish, sometimes with yellowish strains; tubes at first plane, adnate, pale-yellow, at length yellowish- brown or umber, sometimes becoming convex and slightly depressed around the stem, dingy-greenish when bruised, medium size, subro- tund ; stem nearly equal, clothed and colored like the young pileus, yellow within, with a slight somewhat evanescent tomentose annulus ; spores ochraceous-brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Plant solitary, rarely cespitose, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 4 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Woods and copses. Rensselaer, Saratoga and Fulton counties.
This is a very distinct and beautiful species. Mr. Ravenel remarks in his notes that ‘‘ this plant is not infested by larvee, and preserves more constant characters than any other Boletus with which I am acquainted.” The webby powdered filaments constitute a universal veil, which at first covers the whole plant and conceals the young tubes. As the pileus expands, the veil generally disappears from the disk and ruptures between the margin and the stem, a part adhering to each. In consequence of the peculiar veil and the slight viscidity of the pileus the species does not harmonize well with the associated species, and but for the slight annulus it might as well be placed near BL. piperatus. The annulus is sometimes stained by the spores. These, when caught on white paper, at first appear to have a slight greenish tint.
Boletus. spectabilis Ph. Showy Boletus.
Pileus broadly convex, at first covered with a red tomentum, then squamose, viscid when moist, red, the tomentose scales becoming grayish-red, brownish or yellowish, flesh whitish or pale-yellow ; tubes
60 BULLETIN N. Y. STATE MUSEUM.
at first yellow, concealed by a reddish glutinous membrane, then ochraceous, convex, /arge, angular, adnate ; stem nearly equal, annu- late, yellow above the annulus, red or red with yellow stains below ; spores purplish-brown, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .00028 broad.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Thin woods in swamps. Adirondack mountains. August.
This rare and showy species is at present known only from two localities, North Elba, where it was first discovered in 1869, and at Jacksons, near Cedar river, where it occurred in 1878. When cut the flesh emits a strong, unpleasant odor. Wounds of the flesh, made by insects or small animals, had a bright-yellow color. When young, the tomentose veil covers the whole plant, but it soon breaks up into scales on the pileus, and partly or wholly disappears from the stem. The color of the spores is darker than in any of the other species of this section.
Boletus Elbensis Ph. Elba Boletus.
Pileus gibbous or convex, smooth, viscid when moist, dingy-gray or pinkisk-gray, obscurely virgate-spotted, flesh white ; tubes at first whitish, nearly plane, adnate or slightly decurrent, rather large, an- gular, becoming dingy or brownish-ochraceous ; stem nearly equal, annulate, whitish above the annulus, colored like the pileus below, sometimes slightly reticulated at the apex by the decurrent walls of the tubes ; spores ferruginous-brown, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant subgregarious, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Thin woods of larch, spruce and balsam. Adirondack mountains. July to September.
This species is so closely related to the European B. laricénus, that it might almost be regarded as a variety of that species. I have separated it because of its smooth pileus and stem. I have never seen the former squamose, nor the latter scrobiculate. From JD. viscidus it differs decidedly in its coloration.
Boletus*Clintonianus Pk. Clinton’s Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex, very viscid or glutinous, smooth, soft, shining, varying in color, golden-yellow, reddish-yellow or chestnut-color, the margin thin, flesh pale-yellow, becoming less bright or dingy on ex- posure to the air; tubes nearly plane, adnate or subdecurrent, small,
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 61
angular or subrotund, pale-yellow when young, becoming dingy- ochraceous, changing to purplish-brown where bruised ; stem equal or slightly, thickened at the base, straight or flexuous, annulate, yellow at the apex, elsewhere reddish or reddish-brown, sometimes stained with yellow, slightly reticulate at the apex by the decurrent walls of the tubes, annulus whitish or yellow, persistent, forming a thick tomentose band about the stem; spores drownish-ochraceous, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant single or rarely ceespitose, pileus 2 to 5 in, broad, stem 2 to 5 in. long, 4 to 9 lines thick.
Mossy ground in woods and grassy ground in open places ; gener- ally under or near larch trees.
This fine species is apparently the American analogue of the Euro- pean B. elegans, from which it differs in its generally darker color, in its persistent, not fugacious, annulus, and in its stem, which is not at all dotted, either above or below the annulus. It is edible, and has a mild taste in the fresh uncooked state. It has occurred once in Washington Park, Albany, near some larch trees, with which it was probably introduced.
Boletus luteus L. Yellow-brown Boletus.
Pileus gibbous or convex, sometimes nearly plane, viscid or glutin- ous when moist, virgate-spotted, yellowish-brown, flesh white or yel- lowish ; tubes small, simple, adnate, at first pale-yellow, then dingy- ochraceous ; stem stout, rather short, annulate, rough with dots and yellowish above the ring, brownish-white or yellowish below, the annu- lus large, membranous, whitish or brownish-white ; spores ochraceo- ferruginous, nearly fusiform, .0003 in. long, .00015 broad.
Gregarious or rarely subcespitose, pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 5 to 8 lines thick.
Under pine trees, Pinus sylvestris. Menands. October.
This is the only instance in which I have observed this species in our State. Possibly it may have been introduced in this place with the young pines under which it was growing. Its annulus is very conspicu- ous. Itissometimes torn and partly adherent in fragments to the mar- gin of the pileus. In short-stemmed specimens it extends downwards and covers the lower part of the stem like a sheath, resembling in this respect the western Boletus spherosporus, a related species. In other specimens it forms a broad band with the upper margin widely spread- ing. In the dried specimens the pileus has assumed a dull-brownish or reddish-brown hue. The plant is edible.
62 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
Boletus subluteus 2. sp. Small Yellowish Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, viscid or glutinous when moist, sometimes obscurely virgate-spotted, dingy-yellowish inclining to fer- ruginous-brown. flesh whitish varying to dull-yellowish ; tubes plane or convex, adnate, small, subrotund, yellow, becoming ochraceous ; stem equal, s/ender, annulate, pallid or yellowish, marked both above and below the annulus with reddish or brownish glandular dots, annu- lus submembranous, g/udénous, at first concealing the tubes, then co/- lapsing and forming a narrow whitish or brownish band about the stem ; spores ochraceo-ferruginous, subfusiform, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Solitary or gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Sandy soil in pine woods or groves. Albany and Lewis counties. September and October.
In the Twenty-third Report this fungus was referred as an aber- rant form to B. duteus, which it much resembles in its general char- acters. But I find it so constant in its peculiar features that I am disposed to regard it asa distinct species. It differs from B. luteus in its smaller size, more slender stem and glutinous collapsing annu- lus. This never extends downwards so as to sheathe the lower part of the stem, but forms a narrow band with scarcely any spreading margin. Besides the stem is conspicuously dotted both above and below the annulus. The markings of the pileus in this species, B.> luteus and B. Elbensis are similar and resemble little patches of innate brownish fibrils. The species is probably edible, but I have not tested it.
Boletus Americanus 72. sp. American Boletus.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, soft, very viscid or glutinous when moist, slightly domentose on the margin when young, soon glabrous or slightly squamose on the margin, rarely wholly squamose- spotted from the drying of the gluten, pale-yellow, becoming dingy or less bright with age, sometimes vaguely dotted or streaked with bright-red, flesh pale-yellow, less clear or pinkish-gray on exposure to the air; tubes plane or convex, adnate, rather large, angular, pale-yellow, becoming sordid-ochraceous; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upwards, firm, not at all annulate, yellow, sometimes pallid or brownish toward the base, marked with numerous brown or
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 63
reddish-brown glandular dots, yellow within; spores ochraceo-fer- ruginous, oblong or subfusiform, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Gregarious, pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Under or near pine trees in woods and open places. Very com- mon. July to October.
This is one of our most common species. It is generally associated with B. granulatus, from which it is easily distinguished by its thinner pileus, yellow color and more slender stem. As in that and other related species, the stem and tubes exude drops of a turbid milk or juice which hardens and forms the glandular dots seen on them. These are sometimes so numerous that they become confluent. By them and the viscidity of the pileus in this and allied species the fingers become stained in handling the fresh plants. The species is closely related to the European B. flavidus, to which our plant has commonly been referred by American mycologists, and under which name it stands in the Twenty-third Report. I am satisfied by more recent investigation that it should be kept distinct, inasmuch as it constantly differs in the character of the veil and the dots of the stem. In B. flavidus the stem is described as sprinkled with fuga- cious glandules above the merely viscous annulus. In 5. Americanus the stem is dotted from top to base with persistent glandules, there is no appearance of an annulus on it and the veil is somewhat to- mentose on the margin of the young pileus. The plant has a slight subacid odor which is perceptible even in the dried specimens. The mycelium is white.
Boletus subaureus Pk.
.
Pale-golden Boletus.
Pileus convex, becoming nearly plane, soft, viscose, pale-yellow or golden-yellow, sometimes adorned with darker spot& or small tufts of hairs, the margin in the young plant slightly grayish-tomentose, flesh pale-yellow ; tubes small or medium size, somewhat angular, adnate or subdecurrent, pale-yellow, becoming dingy-ochraceous ; stem equal, stout, glandular-dotted, yellow without and within ; spores ochraceous-brown, oblong or subfusiform, .00035 to .0004 in. long, -00016 broad.
Plant gregarious or rarely cxespitose, pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
64 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM,
Thin woods. Albany and Saratoga counties. July to October.
This species resembles B. Amertcanus in color, but differs from it in its thicker pileus, stouter stem and differently colored spores. These have nearly the same color as those of B. Ravenel. In its more robust habit it approaches B. granulatus. The minute hairy squamules of the pileus are a peculiar feature, but they are not always present. The glandular dots occur also on the tubes.
Boletus punctipes Pk. Punctate-stemmed Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, glutinous when moist, yellow, the thin margin at first minutely grayish-pulverulent, becoming recurved with age ; tubes short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, a¢ first brownish, becoming sordid-ochraceous; stem rather long, tapering upwards, not annulate, glandular-dotted, rhubarb-yellow ; spores .00035 to .0004 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Plant gregarious, pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Woods. Gansevoort, Saratoga county. August.
The rhubarb-colored stem and the brownish color of the young hymenium are the distinguishing features of this species. The granu- lations occur also on the tubes. The species is a rare one, having been found but once. “als
Boletus’ albus Pk. White Boletus.
Pileus convex, viscid when moist, whzte, flesh white or yellowish ; tubes plane, rather small or medium size, subrotund, adnate, whitish, becoming yellow or ochraceous ; stem equal or slightly tapering down- wards, not annulate, both it and the tubes glandular-dotted, white, sometimes tinged with pink towards the base ; spores ochraceous, sub- fusiform, .0008 to .00035 in. long, .00016 broad.
Plant gregarious or subceespitose, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Pine or hemlock woods. Saratoga county and Adirondack moun- tains. August to October.
This species is easily known by its white pileus. This, however, becomes dark-colored or brown indrying. The fresh plant sometimes has a peculiar fetid odor, but it does not appear to be constant. Boletus Boudiert Q. is a closely related European species. Another European species bears the name Boletus albus Gillet, but the name of the American plant, which was published in 1873, has priority.
(ody |
SPECIES OF VISCID BOLETI. 6
Boletus granulatus Z. Granulated Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex or nearly plane, very viscid or glutinous when moist, variable in color, pinkish-gray, reddish-brown, yellowish, tawny-ferruginous or brownish, flesh white or tinged with yellow ; tubes nearly plane, adnate, smad/, at first whitish or very pale-yellow, becoming dingy-ochraceous ; stem subequal, rather short, not annu- late, both it and the tubes marked with glandular dots, whitish or pullid, sometimes yellowish ; spores ochraceo-ferruginous, subfusitorm, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 broad.
Plant gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Woods, especially of pine, and in open places. Very common. July to October.
The pileus in this species is very variable in color, but it is never wholly white as in the preceding species. Its stem is often dotted to the base, but the dots or granules are generally more numerous and distinct on the upper part. Thisand B. Boudiert appear to be the only European species with exannulate glandular-dotted stems. If we have correctly valued our forms, New York alone has five such species. It 1s true, they are closely related to each other, and might be regarded by some as mere varieties of a single extremely variable species, but to me the distinguishing characters here given appear to be constant and decisive.
B. granulatus is recorded as edible by most authors. I have not tested it. Gillet remarks that it ought to be regarded at least with suspicion. JB. collinitus in the Twenty-third Report, b. flavorufus Scheeff., B. /actifluus Sow. and SL. circinans Pers. are synonyms.
Boletus brevipes Pk. Short-Stemmed Boletus.
Pileus thick, convex, covered with a thick, tough gluten when young or moist, dark-chestnut color, sometimes fading to dingy-tawny, the margin inflexed, flesh white or tinged with yellow ; tubes short, nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, at first whitish, then yellowish, becoming dingy-ochraceous ; stem very short, not annulate, whitish, not dotted or rarely with a few very minute and inconspicuous dots at the apex ; spores subfusiform, .0003 in. long, .00012 broad.
Solitary or gregarious, pileus 1.5 to 2.5,in. broad, stem .d to L in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Sandy soil in pine woods. Albany county. October.
66 BULLETIN N. ¥. STATE MUSEUM.
The species is closely related to. L. granulatus, from which it differs especially in its copious gluten, darker-colored pileus, shorter stem, and in the almost entire absence of granules from the tubes and stem. When present they are limited to the upper part of the stem and are extremely minute and inconspicuous. It occurs very late in the season, £B. véscosus Frost is a synonym.
Boletus badius Ff’. Bay Boletus.
Pileus convex, even, soft, viscid or glutinous when moist, some- what shining when dry, tawny or chestnut color, flesh whitish tinged with yellow, bluish next the tubes; tubes rather long and large, angular, adnate, s¢uwate-depressed, whitish-yellow, becoming tinged with green; stem hearly equal, rather long, even, paler than the pileus, Jrownish-pruinose ; spores oblong, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Woods. Rensselaer and Lewis counties. August and September.
The dimensions of the spores are derived from the American plant. They are smaller than those given by Karsten for the European plant. We have observed no greenish hue to the tubes nor bluish color to the flesh, and to this extent cur specimens are doubtful. The pliant needs further examination. 7
Boletus piperatus Bull. Peppery Boletus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, yellowish, cyinamon or subferruginous, flesh white or yellowish, taste acrid, peppery ; tubes rather long and large, angular, plane or con- vex, adnate or subdecurrent, reddish-ferruginous, generally more highly colored than the pileus: stem slender, nearly equal, tawny- yellow, bright-yellow at the base ; spores ferruginous-brown, subtusi- form, .00085 to .00045 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods and open places. Common and variable. July to October.
‘Lhe species is readily known by the peppery taste of the flesh, and the bright yellow color of the base of the stem. ‘The pileus is some- times rimose-scaly or rimose-areolate. It is less viscid than most other species of this section. The color of the spores is similar to that of the spores of L. Kibensis. LB. ferruginatus Batsch, is a synonym.
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Ombrophila rubella Quel.
Fragment of bark bearing the fungus.
A plant and its matrix magnified.
A branched filament bearing four clusters of spores magnified. Five spores, X 400.
Geoglossum vitellinum Bres. Five plants of various forms.
Three asci; two containing spores and two united below. Four spores, X 400.
Periconia albiceps Pk.
Piece of a stem bearing the fungus.
Two plants magnified.
Filaments of the head; two of them bearing spores, X 400. Four spores, X 400.
Helotium fraternum Pk A petiole bearing four examples of the fungus. Two plants magnified. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, & 400. Three spores, X 400.
Acremonium flexuosum P%. A piece of wood bearing the fungus. Branching filaments ; one of them bearing two spores, X 400. Three spores, X 400.
Morchella angusticeps Pk. A plant of medium size. Two undeveloped asci; one containing crowded nuclei, X 400. An ascus containing spores, X 400.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Peziza leucobasis Pk. Fig. 1. A piece of wood bearing the fungus. Fig. 2. A plant magnified. Fig. 3. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400.
Peziza orbicularis Pk. Fig. 4. A plant and its matrix. 5. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400. Fig. 6. Three spores, X 400.
Gorgoniceps turbinata Sace. Fig. 7. Piece of a branch bearing the fungus. Fig. 8. A plant magnified. Fig. 9. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores, X 400. Fig. 9’. A spore, X 400.
Glomerularia Corni Pk. Fig. 10. A leaf spotted by the fungus. Fig. 11. Short branching floeci, X 400. Fig. 12. Floeci and spores, & 400. Fig. 13. A mass of adhering spores, x 400. Fig. 14. A single spore, < 400. x
Peziza longipila Pk. Fig. 15. Piece of a stem bearing the fungus. Fig. 16. Two plants magnified. Fig. 17. A hair from the cup, x 400. Fig. 18. A paraphysis and two asci containing spores, X 400. Fig. 19. Five spores, X 400.
Boletus rubinellus Pk. Fig. 20. A plant of medium size. Fig. 21 Vertical section of a pileus and upper part of the stem. Fig. 22. Four spores, & 400.
Collybia hygrophoroides Pk. Fig. 23. A young plant. Fig. 24. An older plant with the pileus more expanded. Fig. 25. Vertical section of a pileus and upper part of the stem. Fig. 26. Five spores, & 400.
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REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.
To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York :
GENTLEMEN — I have the honor to communicate to you the following statement of the work of the Botanist during the past year:
The investigation of our State flora and the collection and preparation of specimens to properly represent it in the State Herbarium, a work which had been partly interrupted for two years, has been fully renewed and actively prosecuted during the collecting season. Specimens were collected in the counties of Essex, Warren, Fulton, Lewis, Saratoga, - Albany and Rensselaer. Of the collected specimens, those representing one hundred and ninety-two species have been prepared, mounted and added to the Herbarium. | One hundred and sixteen of these, of which a considerable number are species of fungi not before published, were not previously represented therein. The remainder are species now more completely and satisfactorily illustrated in their different forms and varieties or by more perfect specimens.
Specimens of about one hundred and forty species of plants, mostly fungi, have been contributed by various botanists and correspondents. Of these there are two species of this State new to the Herbarium and not among my collections of the past season. These added to the number already given make a total of one hundred and eighteen added species. A list of their names is marked A. Also a list of contributors and their respective contributions is given and marked B.
Notices of plants not before reported, together with a record of the localities where they were found, also descriptions of such as are deemed new species are in a part of the report marked C.. These descriptions, in nearly all cases, have been drawn up with the fresh plant before me. The microscope has been taken with me on my collecting trips, and the microscopical details studied at the time of collecting, in order to insure greater accuracy.
A record of observations on species not new to our flora has been made and is marked D. It contains remarks upon any matters of in- terest in connection with the variation, distribution, locality or habitat of the species.
A descriptive manual of our Hymenomycetous or fleshy fungi, among which are the mushrooms and mushroom-like Agarics, is greatly needed. The number of those desirous of becoming acquainted with our native species of these plants is constantly increasing, but a proper and con- venient manual for their study and identification is wanting. Accidents from the use of poisonous kinds for food, by those, who, ignorant of the true characters of the species, have mistaken them for the edible mush- room occur from time to time. These accidents might readily be avoided by a better and more common acquaintance with the characteristic features of our edible species and their less valuable associates. Asa step in this direction monographs of the different genera represented in our
¥ 4 4 F 78 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
flora were commenced in the thirty-third report and continued in sub-: sequent ones. For the present report a monograph has been prepared of our species of Lactarius, or milky-juice fungi, and also one-of the genus (subgenus of Fries) Pluteus,
The genus Lactarius is a large one, at present represeued in our State by forty species. Some of these rank as edible, others as poison- ous. While the genus as such is easily recognized and accurately sepa- rated fronvall other genera, some of the species that compose it approach each other so closely and vary so considerably that without clear and explicit descriptions they are hable to be confused and their discrimi- nation unsatisfactory. In this monograph it has been the design to make the specific descriptions so complete and at the same time to give such prominence to the distinguishing characters, that no difficulty need be experienced in the identification of our species. The spore characters are also given, a part of the description that is sometimes of great im- portance, and yet one that has generally been omitted by authors. A synoptical table has been prepared, by means of which, with good fresh specimens, it 1s believed, the name of any species described in the monograph may be easily and quickly ascertained. These monographs constitute a part of the report marked E. The revision of our specimens of Sphzriaceous fungi, which was commenced last year, has been con- tinued and completed. This revision, as was explained in my preceding report, was necessary in order to bring the arrangement and nomencla- ture of our species into harmony with the recent Saccardoan system, which, from present indications, is destined to supersede the old Friesian system.
It is desirable, not only that our Agarics and other fleshy Hymeno- © mycetous fungi, which so generally shrivel and change color in drying, should be illustrated by sketches of the fresh plant colored according to nature, but also that magnified drawings of the microscopic characters of the smaller and minute fungi should be made and accompany the specimens in the Herbarium. A considerable number of such sketches were made the past season, at the time the specimens were collected. From these I have prepared three plates of figures designed to illustrate, as far as possible, the characters of the new species described in the following pages
Thanks are hereby rendered to those botanists who have kindly aided me in the prosecution of my labors, both by the contribution of speci- mens and of information.
Most respectfully submitted, CHAS. H. PRECK
Axpany, December 31, 1884.
REPoRT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 9
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM. New to the Herbarium.
Ipomea purpurea, L. Populus dilatata, L.
Listera convallarioides, Hook. Molinia cerulea, Mench. Festuca rubra, L.
a clypeolarius, Bull. terrzeolens, Pk. vexans, Pk. purpureofuscus, Pk. immaculatus, Pk. discopus, Lev. hiemalis, Osbeck. scyphoides, Fr. jubatus, Fr. unitinctus, Pk. atrides, Lasch.
villosus, Fr. umboninotus, Pk. maritimoides, Pk. comatellus, Pk. subexilis, Pk. sordidulus, Pk. parvifructus, Pk. cerulipes, Pk. madeodiscus, Pk. Coprinus lagopus, Fr. Cortinarius aureifolius, Pk. C. multiformis, Fr. (0) decoloratus, F%.
DDD DDDD D> >> bbb b> bbb
Hygrophorus purpurascens, Fr.
Lactarius varius, Pé. L. hysginus, Fr. L. paludinellus, Pk. Russula basifurcata, Pk. Lentinus suavissimus, /7. Bolptus sulphureus, Fr. versipellis, Hr. Polyporus abortivus, Pk. epileucus, Fr. crispellus, Pk. letificus, Pk. fimbriatellus, Pk. ornatus, Pk. odorus, Pk. subacidus, Pk. griseoalbus, Pk. Merulius fugax, Fr. M. subaurantiacus, Pk. Geaster striatus, DU. Coniothyrium valsoideum, Pk. Phoma Phytolacce, B. & C.
tr Pd PP dP
12 elevatum, Pk. P. Pruni, Pk. iB albifructum, Pk.
Spheropsis alnicola, Cke.
comosus v. albus, Pk.
Spheropsis ribicola, C. & H. Diplodia pinea, Ka. Spherographium hystricinum, Sacc. S. lantanoidis, Pk. Appendicularia entomophila, Pk. Gelatinosporium fulvum, Pk. Phyllosticta Podophylli, West. BR: Labrusce, Zhum. P: Epigee, Pk. 12 lantanoidis, Pk. Ascochyta Cassandre, Pk. A. colorata, Pk. Marsonia Quercus, Pk. Pestalozzia monochetoidea, S. & H. Stagonospora Smilacis, Sace. Gleosporium Salicis, Wint. Ribis, Cast.
Septoria alnicola, Oke.
Ribis, Desm ; Lysimachiz, West.
Dentarix, Pk.
Dalibarde. Pk.
Dierville, Pk.
fumosa, SAG
punicei, Pk
Trillii, Pk. Rhabdospora subgrisea, Pk. Hadrotrichum lineare, Pk. Ramularia multiplex, Pk.
TD TATA th
i Prini, Pk. R. Dierville, Pk. R. Oxalidis, Hari.
Cylindrosporium veratrinum, 8S. & W. Ovularia moniloides, H. & M. Peronospora Arthuri, Fart. 12h Halstedii, ari. 12% Potentille, DeBy. Entyloma Sanicule, Pk. Cercospora Viol, Sacc.
C. Majanthemi, Fekl. C. Cephalanthi, #7. & K. C. Comari, Pk. Cenangium palsameum, Ph. Spherotheca pannosa, Lev. Asterina nuda, Pk. Capnodium Citri, B. & D. Valsa Friesii, Hck.
Vv. cornina, Pk.
We leucostomoides, Pk.
We opulifolie, Pk. Diatrypella Frostii, Pk. Spherella conigena, Pk. Didymospheria Typhe, Pk. Venturia Cassandre, Pk. Diaporthe Wibbei, Nits.
D. cylindrospora, Pk.
80 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Leptospheria eutypoides, Pk. L. Corallorhize, Pk. L. lycopodiicola, Pk. Metaspheria Myrice, Pk.
Mazzantia sepium, S. & P. Spherulina sambucina, P%. Cryptospora Cary, Pk.
Not New to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus repens, L. Nuphar advena, Ait. Caulophyllum thalictroides, Mz. Podophyllum peltatum, L. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Manch. Viola pubescens, Ait.
V. rostrata, Pursh.
V. can. vy. sylvestris, Regel. Hypericum ellipticum, Hook. Acer dasycarpum, HArh. Geranium maculatum, L. Rhus typhina, L.
Rubus hispidus, L.
Rosa setigera, M2.
Fragaria Vv irginiana, Hhrh. Prunus serotina, Ehrh.
Aralia hispida, Wz.
A. nudicaulis, L. Sambucus pubens. Wz. Cornus sericea, L.
C. stolonifera, Mz.
Fedia umbilicata, Mz. Tussilago Farfara, L.
Senecio aureus, L.
Tanacetum vulgare, L.
Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, Zam.
Chiogenes hispidula, 7. & G. Amarantus blitoides. Wats. Quercus palustris, Du Roi. Alnus incana, Willd.
A. serrulata, AZ.
Salix fragilis,
Symplocarpus feetidus, Salsb. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. Uvularia perfoliata, L.
U grandiflora, Sm. Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. Juncus marginatus, Rostk. Carex stipata, Muh.
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Carex grisea, Wahl. Cc: laxiflora, Lam. OF umbellata, Schk. Holcus lanatus, ZL. Agrostis vulgaris, With. Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. G. elongata, Trin. Danthonia spicata, Beauv. compressa, Awust. Panicum dichotomum, ZL. Bromus ciliatus, Z. Aira cespitosa, L. Millium effusum, L. Lycopodium complanatum, L. Agaricus muscarius, naucinoides, Pk. transmutans, Pk. radicatus, Relh. maculatus, A. & S. stipitarius, Fr. clavicularis, Fr. atroceruleus, Fr. strictior, Pk. rhodopolius, Fr. precox, Pers. subochraceus, Pk. Hypnorum, Batsch. Rodmani, Pk arvensis, Scheff. Coprinus atramentarius, Bull. Cortinarius porphyropus, A. & &. Marasmius anomalus, Pk. androsaceus, L. Panus levis, B. & C. Schizophyllum commune, F’r. Boletus Clintonianus, Pk. Polyporus lucidus, Leys. P. undosus, Pk.
a eal a a al la a al al cl
Mrs. S. M. Rust, Syracuse, N. Y.
Trillium grandiflorum. Salish.
Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse, N. Y.
Trillium grandiflorum. Salish.
Prof. N. L. Britton, New York, N. Y.
Juncus trifidus, L.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 81
Prof. O. C. Willis, White Plains, N. Y.
Ledum latifolium, Ait. Andromeda polifolia, Z. Prof. W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Mass.
Phoma Amelanchieris, Far. Ramularia Oxalidis, Furl. Coleosporium Senecionis, Wint. . Peronospora Halstedii, Fw. Cylindrosporium Gei, Fart. Stictis Tsuge, Furl. Entyloma Lobeliz, Hari. Phyllachora Wittrockii, Sace.
Rey. J. L. Zabriskie, Nyack, N. Y. Rhus typhina, L. Juncus marginatus, Rostk. Quercus palustris, Du Rot. Appendicularia entomophila, Pk.
Harold Wingate, Philadelphia, Pa. Chondrioderma Michelii, Zib.v sessile, Rostf.
Geo. A. Rex, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa.
Trichia chrysosperma, Bull. Physarella mirabilis, Pk. Comatricha longa, Pk
EK. A. Burt, Albany, N. Y.
Hydrangea arborescens, L. Carex Houghtonii, Torr. Carex stram y. festucacea, Gr.
H. C.Gordinier, Troy, N. Y.
Aster-ptarmicoides, 7. & G. Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb.
Fedia radiata, Mz. Liparis Leselii, Rich. Romeyn B. Hough, Lowville, N. Y.
Listera convallarioides, Hook. Habenaria obtusata, Rich.
Liparis Leselii, Rich. He rotundifolia, Rich.
D. Byron Waite, Springwater, N. Y.
Castilleia coccinea, Spreng.
J. D. Greenslete, Broadalbin, N. Y.
Polygonatum biflorum, Zw. Orontium aquaticum, L.
H. Andrews, Albany, N. Y. Potamogeton Robbinsii, Oakes.
John D. Parsons, Albany, N. Y. Lycoperdon giganteum, Batsch.
D. A. A. Nichols, Dunkirk, N. Y. Uncinula spiralis, B & C.
T. F. Allen, M. D., New York, N. Y.
Nitella tenuissima, Hutz. polypelle fimbriata, Allen. N. glomerulifera, A. Br. intertexta, Allen. N. opaca, Ag. Cie sejuncta, A. Br.
N. minuta, Allen. C. hydropitys, A. Br.
Tolypella comosa, Allen. Cc. gymnopus, A. Br
Prof. L. Lesquereux, Columbus, O. * Polyporus Iucicus, Leys. ? * Polyporus applanatus, Fr.?
* These are monstrous growths from abandoned cual mines, and therefore their specific identification is uncertain.
11
82 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
F. S. Earle, Cobden, II}.
Cercospora sordida, Sacc. C.
Septoria Bromi, Sacc. Persice, Sace.
Pentstemonis, #. & Z.
S. asciculosa, H. & H. €. fuscovirens, Sace. S. podophyllina, Pk. Entyloma Lobeliz, Farl. Gleeosporium Potentille, Ouds. EK. Physalidis, Wint. Phyllosticta Fraxini, H. & W. Peronospora Arthuri, Fart. ie pyrorum, Cke. Microsphera Platani, Hove.
Sporidesmium Fumago, Cke. AKcidium Epilobii, DC.
Phyllactinia suffulta, Sace. Dimerosporium pulchrum, Sace.
Hon. G. W. Clinton, Albany, N. Y.
Lentinus lepideus, F’7. Rhabdospora subgrisea, Pk.
Polyporus squamosus, Fr. iP applanatus, 77,
J. B. Ellis, Newfield, N. J.
Polyporus oblectans, Berk. Irpex coriaceus, B. & R. Philebia zonata, B. & C. Thelephora cespitulans, Sci. Stereum subpileatum, B. & Hymenochete scabriseta, Cke- Peniophora flavido-alba, Cke. Physarella mirabilis, Px. Septoria Helianthi, #. & XK. S. Specularie, B. & C. Pestalozzia Myrice, H. & M.
Pestalozziella subsessilis, S. & H. Stilbospora fenestrata, H. & H.
Puccinia nigrescens, Pk.
ie splendens, Vize. Pr: mirabilissima, Pk. ee asperior, H. & E. Pp. Angelice, #. & #.
Triphragmium echinatum, Lev.
Ustilago Vilfee, Wént.
De lineata, Che. Sorosporium Ellisii, Wind. Peridermium orientale, Che. /Ecidium porosum, Pk.
73) Xanthoxyli, Pk.
Acidium Asculi, #. & H. 7 AM. Collinsie, #. & F#. fi. Ceanothi, H. & #.
Ramularia Celastri, H. & M. Peronospora Sicyicola, 77el.
P Halstedii, Marl. Cenangium asterinosporum, #. & & Pecillum Americanum, Cke. Pilacre Petersii, B. & Br. Saccardia Martini, H. & S. Valsa sordida, Wits. : V. ~_cercophora, Hil. Cucurbitaria Coreme, #. & EH. Diatrypella deusta, H. &d M Didymospheeria cupula, HUI. Trabutia quercina, S. & R. Hypoxylon pruinatum, A?. Diaporthe Conradii, Zul.
D. densissima, Hl. Venturia pezizoides, S. & #. Massaria sudans, B. & C. Leptospheria Xerophyli, Hill. Linospora ferruginea, #. & M. Microthyrium Juniperi, Desm.
H. W. Harkness, M. D., San Francisco, Cal.
Hymenula aciculosa, #. & H. Octaviania rosea, Hark. Gautiera monticola, Hark.
Splanchnomyces Behrii, Hark.
Septoria Hosackie, Hark. 8: Lupini, Hark. Marsonia Neilliw, Hark Glcwosporium Pteridis, Hark. Septogleeum Fraxini, Hark. Ss. maculans, Hark. S. Nuttallii, Hark. Harknessia longipes, Hark. Pestalozzia cory noidea, Hark. Pe: anomala, //ark.
Pestalozzia Moorei, Hark. Puccinia anachoreta, Hark. evadens, Hark.
12 variolans, Hark.
Pe melanconioides, H. & H. Pp. digitata, #. & H Uromyces Nevadensis, Hark.
U. Sprague, Hark.
U. Eriogoni, #. & H.
Morthiera Mespili, 4k. Melanconium magnum, Lerk. Rhytisma Andromede, Fr. Lophodermium petiolicolum, Fekl.
Aug. F Foerste, Granville, Ohio.
Secotium Warnei, Pk.
REpoRT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 83
C. PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED. |
Ipomeea purpurea, Lam.
Along railroads and in waste places. West Albany. It is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant and for the sake of shade. It con- tinues to reproduce itself from year to year and spreads readily by seed.
Populus dilatata, Avt.
Sandy soil beyond West Albany. ‘This tree, formerly introduced for ornament, produces only staminate flowers with us, and therefore does not propagate itself by seed. But it spreads freely by its roots, and having once obtained a foothold it does not often yield its ground un- less compelled to do so by man. In the station whence our specimens were taken, there is a grove of thrifty young trees at a considerable dis- tance from any dwelling, but they are probably the descendants of trees planted there many years ago, perhaps in front of some dwelling, all traces of which have long since disappeared.
Listera convallarioides, Hook.
Turin, Lewis county. Romeyn B. Hough. The three North Ameri- can species of this genus have now all been found in our State, but they are all rare with us.
Festuca rubra, L.
Wet ground. Caroga, Fulton county. July. This was formerly con- sidered a variety of / ovina, sheep’s fescue, but it is now generally classed as a distinct species. It is said to be indigenous about Lake Superior and northward, but has probably been introduced in the locality here mentioned. It was found in a clearing recently made, and could not have occupied the station many years. According to Pro- fessor F. L. Scribner, our specimens correspond to the variety fallaz, which is common in Europe.
Molinia cerulea, Mench.
Wet ground. Caroga. July. A grass introduced from Europe, and perhaps not yet fully established here. It was found growing with the preceding species, and with several of our native grasses, and was ap- parently well able to take care of itself. It forms dense tufts, and has an erect, somewhat rigid appearance.
Tolypella comosa, Allen. Seneca lake. J. F. Allen.
Tolypella fimbriata, Allen. Lake Ontario. Allen.
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$4 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE Museum.
Tolypella intertexta, Allen. Seneca lake. Allen.
Chara hydropitys, dA. Br. v. genuina, A. Br. Saranac river. Aug. Paul Allen.
Agaricus clypeolarius, Bull.
Copses and thin woods. Karner. Oct. This species was reported in the Twenty-third Museum report, but erroneously, as the specimens were afterward found to belong to A. metulesporus, a species which closely. resembles this in external characters. ‘The specimens now under con- sideration are believed to belong to the true A. elypeolarius. The spores in them are much smaller than those of A. metulesporus, In many cases the spores furnish important characters for distinguishing species of Agarics, and it is to be regretted that European mycologists have so generally neglected them in their descriptions.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) terrzolens, 2. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, slightly silky fibrillose, whitish with a brownish or grayish brown slightly prominent disk , lamellz sub-distant, emarginate, white, stem equal, slightly silky, shining, stuffed -o1 hollow, white ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .coo25 to.0003 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad ; flesh white, taste and odor strong, un- pleasant and earthy.
Plant 1 to 2 inches high, pileus 10 to 15 lines broad, stem about z lines thick.
Under ground hemlock, Taxus Canadensis. South Ballston, Saratoga county. Sept.
The species belongs to the section SERICELLA, and is closely related to A. inamenus, from which it is separated by its smaller size, less distant lamellz, stuffed or hollow stem and different odor. Nor do I find the stem radicating or the disk tinged with yellow as in that species. Fries compares the odor of A. tnamenus to that of Geranvwm Roberti- anum, but the odor of our plant is decidedly earthy, resembling that of vegetable mold or mossy rocks. Its taste is similar to its odor, and re- mains in the mouth and throat a long time.
Agaricus (Mycena) immaculatus, x. sp.
Pileus membranaceous, conical or sub-hemispherical, glabrous, slightly striate on the margin, pure white ; lamella moderately broad, distant, adnate or uncinate-decurrent, white; stem slender, pellucid, white, glabrous, generally villose strigose at the base, and slightly thickened at the apex ; spores oblong or cylindrical, .o003 to .00035 in. long, .ooo12 broad.
Plant 8 to 18 lines high, pileus 2 to 4 lines high and broad, stem scarcely .5 line thick.
Among moss and fallen leaves and on naked ground... Adirondack mountains. June.
The species belongs to the section ADONIDE# and is related in size
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 85
and color to A. lacteus, from which I have separated it on account of the decurrent toothed lamellz and the longer spores. The striations of the pileus are also more distinctly visible in our plant when dried than they are when it is fresh.
Agaricus (Mycena) vexans, 2. sp.
Pileus membranous, conical sub-campanulate or convex, rather dis- tantly striate, blackish-brown, sometimes slightly pruinose ; lamellz sub- distant, ascending, adnate or uncinate-adnate, slightly venose-connected, at first white, becoming grayish or smoky white, the edge paler; stem slender, rather tenacious, hollow, glabrous, colored like the pileus, some- what floccose-villose at the base; spores sub-elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long, .o002 to .00025 broad ; odor slight, alkaline,
Plant scattered or gregarious, not cespitose, 2 to 2.5 inches high, pileus 4 to.6 lines high and broad, stem scarcely 1 line thick.
Ground in thin woods and open places. Adirondack mountains. June.
I have placed this species in the section FiLipEpEs, although the slightly venose interspaces ally it to the Riciprpepes, and the alkaline odor shows a relationship tothe FRAGILIPEDES. It appears to be closely related to A. wranius, from which it may be distinguished by its larger size, different color and pileus not expallent. The pileus is not hygro- phanous, and is striate even in the dried state. The lamelle in the dried plants are brownish, with the edge nearly white.
Agaricus (Mycena) purpureofuscus, 7. sp.
Pileus membranous, campanulate or convex, obtuse, glabrous, striate, purplish-brown ; lamellz ascending, lanceolate, subdistant, adnate, white or whitish, purplish-brown on the edge; stem slender, even, hollow, glabrous, with white hairs at the base, colored like the pileus or a little paler ;,spores sub-globose or broadly elliptical, .co025 to .0003 in. long, .c0025 broad.
Plant 1 to 3 inches high, pileus 4 to 8 lines broad, stem scarcely 1 line thick.
Mossy prostrate trunks of spruce trees in woods. Caroga. July.
This species belongs to the section CALODONTEs, and is so closely re- lated to A. rubromarginatus, that it is with some hesitation that I have separated it. Because of its darker color and the absence of the hygro- phanous character of that species, it has seemed best to keep it distinct. Its even, not striated, stem forbids its reference to A. atromarginatus.
Agaricus discopus, Lev.
Base of dead fern stems. Sandlake and Karner. Sept. and Oct.
The bulb at the base of the stem in our specimens is not as distinct as in the published figures of the species, but in other respects the spe- cific characters are present.
Agaricus hiemalis, Osdeck.
Prostrate trunk of spruce, Abies nigra. Adirondack mountains. June.
86 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
The specimens agree very well with the description of the species, but they appear to have occurred out of season.
Agaricus scyphoides, /r. Bare soil and on decaying wood. South Ballston. Aug.
Agaricus jubatus, /r.
Damp ground in thin woods. West Albany. Sept.
The specimens were few in number and not fully developed. The pileus was conical, and clothed with a short, close, velvety pubescence, and the stem was solid. In these respects the specimens do not agree well with the description of the species, although bearing a striking re- semblance to the figure of the species in Mycological Illustrations. We have, therefore, for the present, referred them to this species.
Agaricus (Clitopilus) unitinctus, 7. sp.
Pileus thin, flexible, convex or nearly plane, centrally depressed, glabrous, subshining, sometimes concentrically rivulose, grayish-brown ; lamelle narrow, moderately close, adnate or slightly decurrent, colored like the pileus ; stem slender, straight or flexuous, subtenacious, equal, stuffed, slightly pruinose, grayish-brown, with a close, white mycelioid tomentum at the base, and white, root-like fibres of mycelium penetrat- ing the soil ; spores elliptical, .o003 in. long, -ooo2 broad ; flesh whitish or grayish-white, odor almost none, taste mild.
Plant 1 to 2 inches high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem about 1 line thick.
Thin pine woods. Karner. Oct.
The species is apparently related to A. echiraugtiee
Agaricus atrides, Lasch.
Damp ground in woods. Caroga. July.
This species differs from A. serrulatus by its decurrent lamellae, and from A. Watsoni by its darker color and blackish. denticulations on the edge of the lamelle.
Agaricus villosus, /r.
Prostrate trunks of poplars. West Albany. Aug. Our specimens are pale-yellow or buff, becoming darker with age. In other respects they correspond to the characters of the species.
Agaricus comosus, /’., var. albus, Pk.
Trunks of horsechestnut. Albany. Oct.
Two specimens only were found. These were white, becoming tinged with yellow in drying. ‘The typical form of the species is tawny. From A. destrwens, with which our specimens agree more closely in color, the viscidity of the pileus will separate them. The spores are ferrugi- nous, ,0003 to .00035 ih. long, .oo02 to .o0025 broad,
Me. : -
REPORE OF THE STATE Boranist. 87
Agaricus (Inocybe) umboninotus, 2. sp.
Pileus broadly campanulate or expanded, prominently umbonate, rimose-fibrillose, dark-brown ; lamellz at first whitish, then ferruginous- brown ; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, solid, fibrillose, paler than the pileus, pruinose at the apex ; spores nodulose, .0003 to .00035 in. broad.
Plant 1 5 to 2 inches high, pileus 6 to ro lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick,
Mossy ground in woods. Caroga. July.
Its spores separate it from A. 7mosws, and its prominent umbo from A. asterosporus.
Agaricus (Inocybe) maritimoides, ». sp.
Pileus subconical or convex, dry, obtuse, densely squamulose with small erect or squamose-fibrillose scales, fibrillose on the margin, dark- brown ; lamellz close, rounded behind and adnexed, ventricose, whitish,
* becoming brownish-ochraceous ; stem equal, solid, fibrillose, paler than
the pileus; spores irregular, angular, brownish-ochraceous, .0003 to -00035 in. long, .o002 to .ooo25 broad.
Plant about 1 inch high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 2 lines thick.
Thin woods. Karner. Oct.
Apparently related to A. maritimus, but not hygrophanous. The spores are slightly angular, resembling in shape those of species of En- toloma and other Hyporrhodii, but are scarcely nodulose.
Agaricus (Inocybe) comatellus, x. sp. Plate 2, figs. 5-8.
Pileus submembranous, convex or expanded, clothed with whitish or gray hairs, fimbriate on the margin; lamelle subdistant, adnexed, pale- tawny ; stem equal, solid, flexuous, pallid or reddish-brown, a little dar- ker above, slightly mealy or pruinose-hairy, with a white mycelium at the base , spores subelliptical, even, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .ooo02 to .00025 broad.
Piant 6 to 12 line$ high, pileus 2 to 4 lines broad, stem scarcely half a line thick.
Sticks and bark buried under fallen leaves. Caroga. July.
A small species remarkable for the hairy covering of the pileus. This
‘is sufficiently dense to give to the pileus a whitish or pale-gray appear-
ances ‘The species is apparently related to A. tricholoma, A. & S., and A. strigiceps, Fr.
Agaricus (Inocybe) subexilis, 7. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose on the margin, at first pale chestnut color, then yellowish or subochraceous, lamellz narrow, rather close, rounded behind, subven- tricose, whitish, becoming dull-ochraceous ; stem equal, solid, flexuous, minutely pruinose, finely striate under a lens, pinkish, then yellowish; spores subglobose, nodulose, about .0003 in. in diameter.
Plant 8 to 12 lines high, pileus 3 to 5 lines broad; stem about .5 line thick.
Damp, mossy ground, in woods. Caroga. July.
88 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
A very small species, related to A. paludinellus, from which it differs in its smaller size, shape of the spores and brighter colors of the pileus.
Agaricus (Hebeloma) sordidulus, z. sp.
Pileus thin, rather firm, convex, viscid when moist, dingy brownish- red or tawny-brown, paler or whitish on the margin, flesh white, with a radish-like odor ; lamellz broad, close, rounded behind, slightly ad- nexed, pallid, then brownish-ochraceous; stem short, equal, stuffed or hollow, slightly fibrillose, white, pruinose at the apex; spores subellip- tical, .o005 to .o0055 in. long, .coo25 to .c0028 broad.
Sandy soil, in open places. Karnet. Oct.
Plant about 1 inch high, pileus 8 to 15 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 2 lines thick.
A small species, belonging to the section PusILut.
Agaricus (Hebeloma) parvifructus, 7. sp.
Pileus convex, then expanded, slightly viscid, dingy-white, becoming grayish-brown or pale-chestnut colored with age, often paler on the margin ; lamellz broad, moderately close, slightly emarginate, at first white, then brownish-ochraceous; stem equal, silky-fibrillose, solid, whitish, stained with ferruginose or brown toward the base, prumose and substriate at the apex ; spores brownish-ochraceous, .o0025 to .co028 in. long, .o0016 to .coo18 broad; veil white, arachnoid.
Plant three to four inches high, pileus two to three inches broad, stem three to five lines thick.
Sandy soil in pine woods. West Albany. Oct.
The spores of this plant are smaller than usual in species of this sub- genus, and this character has suggested the specific name. The lamellz are at first concealed by the copious, webby filaments of the veil. The species belongs to the section INDUSIATI.
Agaricus (Hypholoma) madeodiscts, 7. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, becoming nearly plane, hygrophanous, pale chestnut or reddish brown when moist, grayish-tawny or pale-ochraceous and rugose on the disk when dry, the margin, when young, slightly. silky-fibrillose ; lamella close, slightly emarginate, whitish, then brown ; stem equal or slightly thickened at the base, hollow, white, sub-silky ; spores brown, elliptical, .00035 to .oo04 in. long, .o0025 broad.
Plant 2 to 3 inches high, pileus 1 to 2 inches broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Decaying wood in wet places. Adirondack mountains. June.
This species differs from A. appendiculatus, its nearest ally, by its larger size, less rugose pileus and larger spores. Also, it is unlike that species in parting with the moisture of the margin of the pileus first, the disk retaining it some time, a character which is suggestive of the specific name. I have not seen the plant growing in tufts. The veilis whitish and very delicate, and at first conceals the lamelle from view. It at length adheres in fragments to the margin of the pileus.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 89
Agaricus (Psilocybe) czrulipes, 2. sp.
Pileus thin, subcampanulate, then convex and obtuse or obtusely umbonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, slightly viscid, watery brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, yellowish or subochraceous when dry, the disk sometimes brownish ; lamellz at first ascending, close, adnate, grayish-tawny, becoming ferruginous-brown, whitish on the edge ; stem slender, equal, flexuous, tenacious, hollow or containing a separable pith, slightly fibrillose, pruinose at the apex, bluish, some- times whitish at the apex; spores elliptical, .oc03 to .coo4 in. long, -00016 to .coo2 broad.
Plant single or czspitose, 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 5 to ro lines broad, stem scarcely 1 line thick.
Decaying wood. South Ballston. Aug.
The species is easily recognized by the peculiar blue color of the stem. Sometimes the pileus also assumes a blue color where bruised.
Corprinus lagopus, /7. Decaying wood and vegetable mold in woods. South Ballston. Sept.
Cortinarius multiformis, /7.
Pine woods. Karner. Oct.
Cortinarius decoloratus, /7.
Pine woods. Karner. Oct.
Cortinarius (Dermocybe) aureifolius, x. sp.
Pileus convex, then plane or slightly depressed, densely fibrillose- tomentose, sometimes slightly squamulose, especially on the disk, cin- namon-brown; lamellz rather broad, moderately close, subventricose, rounded behind, adnexed, yellow, becoming yellowish-cinnamon , stem short, solid, equal, fibrillose, yellow, brownish within; spores oblong, .00045 to .0005 in. long, .ooo16 to .ooo2 broad; flesh of the pileus yellow or pallid, odor like that of radishes.
Plant gregarious, 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 8 to 15 lines broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick. :
Sandy soil in thin pine woods. Karner. Oct.
The species resembles C’ ct2mamomeus in color, but its short stem, longer spores and different habit easily distinguish it. Its general ap- pearance is similar to that of some species of Inocybe.
Hygrophorus purpurascens, /’.
Sandy soil under pine trees. Karner. Oct.
In our specimens the pileus is fibrillose rather than squamulose, the stem is slightly mealy at the apex, not roughened with purplish squa- mules, and there is a webby veil which, in the young plant, conceals the lamellz and forms a slight but evanescent annulus. Should these differences between our specimens and the species to which we have referred them be constant, it may be necessary to separate our plant as a distinct species.
12
90 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MusEUM. ~~
Lactarius hysginus, Fr
Mossy ground in woods and swamps. Caroga and Sandlake. July and Aug.
: Lactarius varius, Pk. Sandy soil. West Albany and Karner. Sept. and Oct.
Lactarius paludinellus, Ps.
Sphagnous marshes. Sandlake. Aug. For the descriptions of this and the preceding species of Lactarius see the article on the New York species of Lactarius.
Russula basifurcata, 2. sp. Pileus firm, convex, umbilicate, becoming somewhat funnel form,
glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, the thin pellicle scarcely separable —
except on the margin, dingy-white, sometimes tinged with yellow or reddish-yellow, the margin nearly even; lamellz rather close, narrowed toward the base, adnate or slightly emarginate, many of them forked near the base, a few short ones intermingled, white becoming yellowish ; stem firm, solid, becoming spongy within, white ; spores elliptical, pale yellow, uninucleate or shining, .00035 in. long, .co025 broad; flesh white, taste mild, then bitterish.
Pileus 2 to 3 inches broad, stem 8 to 12 lines long, 5 to 6 lines thick.
Dry hard ground in paths and wood roads. Caroga. July.
This species belongs to the section FRAGILEs, but in some respects it closely resembles pale forms of 22. furcata, from which it is separated by the absence of any silky micor and by the yellowish color and ellip- tical shape of the spores and by the yellowish hue of the lamellz.
Lentinus suavissimus, /’7.
Dead willows, Salix discolor. Caroga. July. The strong but agree- able odor, resembling that of melilot, and the lamelle crisped and anastomosing at the base readily distinguish this species, which is apparently very rare with us.
Boletus sulphureus, /7.
Thin woods. Caroga. July. But a single specimen was found and this does not fully agree with the description, but it is for the present placed here.
Boletus versipellis, /’.
Sandy soil.. West Albany and Karner. Oct.
This species so closely resembles some forms of J. scaber that it is not surprising that Persoon regarded it as a variety of that species. The reddish color, dry pileus and appendiculate margin are the most avyail- able distinguishing characters of the species. It is apparently quite rare.
Polyporus abortivus, Pk.
Buried sticks and decomposing vegetable matter. South Ballston. Aug. and Sept.
> ee
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. , 91
This species is remarkable for the abundance of its spores. It is so deformed and apparently imperfect in its development that such fruit-
fulness would scarcely be expected. ‘The pileus, when sufficiently de-
veloped to be recognizable, is of a reddish or alutaceous color.
Polyporus epileucus, /7. var. candidus, Pé.
Decaying prostrate trunks of hemlock, Abwes canadensis. Osceola, Lewis county. Aug.
Pileus snowy-white, scrupose, scarcely villose, somewhat fibrous within and slightly zonate toward the margin ; pores plane or convex.
Our specimens, while not agreeing fully with the published characters of P. epileucus, approximate so closely to them that we have character- ized this form as a variety.
Polyporus crispellus, 7. sp.
Pileus thin, fleshy, laterally elongated, undulate or subcrispate on the margin, radiate-rugose, subglabrous, whitish varied with brownish zones, flesh white, marked by a few linear hyaline or slightly colored zones 5
‘pores short, about equal in length to the thickness of the pileus, minute,
subrotund, white, the thin dissepiments more or less dentate.
Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad, extending laterally 1 to 4 inches.
Prostrate.trunks of hemlock. Osceola. Aug.
Closely allied to P. destructor, but distinguished by its zonate pileus and short pores, It is also apparently thinner and more undulate than that species.
Polyporus (Physisporus) letificus, 2. sp.
Effused, thin, tender, not readily separable from the matrix, bright orange with a subtomentose yellowish margin , tubes short, often oblique
. minute, subrotund,.the dissepiments thick, obtuse.
Decaying wood. South Ballston. Aug.
The fungus forms patches two or three inches long, following the ine- qualities of the surface. In the dried state the pores appear like little ruptured vesicles as in P. vesiculosus, B. & C. The species ap- pears to approach P. fulgens, Rost., which has the margin white fibril- lose and the pores acute.
Polyporus (Physisporus) griseoalbus, x. sp.
Effused, thin, tender, adnate, uneven, scarcely margined, indetermi- nate, grayish-white, with a thin pulverulent subiculum; pores very minute, subrotund, often oblique.
Soft decaying wood of deciduous trees. Osceola. July.
The pores are sometimes collected in little heaps or tubercles as in P. molluscus and P. Vaillantii. Inthe dried state they are slightly tinged with creamy yellow.
Polyporus (Physisporus) fimbriatellus, x. sp.
Widely effused, thin, tenacious, separable from the matrix, with a thin white fimbriate margin and a white subiculum, running into rhizomor-
92 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
phoid branching strings of mycelium or forming a somewhat reticulate fimbriate membrane ; pores minute, subrotund, equal, whitish inclining to cream color.
Under side of prostrate trunks of maple, forming extensive patches —
on the wood and bark. Osceola. Aug.
By its rhizomorphoid mycelium this species is related to P. Vaillantit, but the pores are smaller and not collected in heaps as in that species. By reason of its tenacious substance it is readily separable even from an irregular matrix.
Polyporus (Physisporus) ornatus, 1. sp.
Effused, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat tenacious, adnate or insep- arable from the matrix, white, the surface slightly undulate or uneven, the margin definite, studded with drops of moisture when fresh, spotted with dot-like depressions when dry ; pores subrotund, minute, unequal, often oblique.
Decaying prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Osceola. Aug.
This species is at once distinguished by its adnate subiculum and its peculiarly spotted margin. The spots are watery white in the fresh state and each one is covered by a drop of moisture. In the dried plant the place previously occupied by the drop of moisture becomes a small depression in the subiculum.
Polyporus (Physisporus) odorus, 2. sp.
Effused, 2 to 3 lines thick, even, firm but brittle, moist, separable from the matrix, white, sometimes stained with reddish-yellow on the abrupt, rather thick, slightly fimbriate margin ; pores very minute, rather long, equal, entire, white, arising from a thin but distinct subic- ulum ; odor strong, disagreeable.
Under surface of decorticated prostrate trunks of spruce. Osceola.
Au
it forms patches several inches broad and sometimes more than a foot long. It is distinguished from P. vulgaris by being separable from the matrix, moist, having longer pores and a strong odor. From the next following species it may be known by its smaller pores, more brittle texture and its different odor.
Polyporus (Physisporus) subacidus, 2. sp.
Effused, separable from the matrix, tenacious, flexible, uneven, deter- minate, the margin downy, narrow, pure white ; pores small, subrotund, 1 to 3 lines long, often oblique. whitish inclining to dingy-yellowish pale tan color or dull cream color, the dissepiments thin, more or less dentate ; odor strong, subacid.
Prostrate trunks and decaying wood of various trees, hemlock, Sprung; birch, etc. Osceola. July.
This species is not rare, but it has probably been confused with its allies. It forms extensive patches, sometimes several feet in length. It adheres somewhat closely to the matrix, but its texture is so tough that it is generally easy to strip it from its supporting substance. It is ap- parently closely related to P. medulla-panis, but the description of that
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 93
species gives the pores as medium size and entire, and makes no mention of any odor, in consequence of which we have thought our plant distinct. It is, however, extremely variable.
Var. tenuis is very thin, scarcely a line thick, with short pores and the surface nearly even. "Tt occurs on the smooth decorticated trunks of hemlock.
Var. tuberculosus has the surface more or less roughened by unequal prominent tubercles, which are either scattered or clustered. They appear to be a monstrous development of the mycelium on the surface of the pores.
Var. stalactiticus incrusts mosses and therefore has the surface very uneyen with numerous and unequal porous protuberances. It most often occurs on prostrate mossy trunks of birches.
Var. vesiculosus (P. vesiculosus, B, & C.) has shallow scattered pores as if formed from ruptured vesicles.
Specimens of this Polyporus, unless dried under pressure, shrink and roll up in unmanageable shapes. They often contain considerable moisture when collected, and if put in press in this condition they are liable to become brown or blackish in drying. Specimens collected in a dry time or in dry situations retain their characters best. ‘The thinner forms, if partly dried before they are put in press, sometimes retain their color and characters well. When growing on bark the patches are some- times interrupted and irregular, in which case the margin is broader than usual and well defined.
Merulius (Resupinati) subaurantiacus, n. sp.
Effused, membranous, tender, very soft, separable from the matrix, pale orange color, the subiculum soft, silky-tomentose, whitish and pale orange ; hymenium gyrose-plicate and dentate, becoming paler with age ; spores broadly elliptical, .oo025 in. long, .ooo2 broad.
Soft decayed wood of hemlock. Osceola. Aug.
The species is distinguished by its soft tomentose texture and its orange hues.- It is closely related to M@. awreus but is at once distinct by its orange, not golden, color. The subiculum is composed of a stratum of whitish filaments next the matrix and another of orange color next the hymenium. Hence the margin in young plants is gener- ally whitish. In mature ones the whole becomes orange colored. Not- withstanding the tender substance the membrane is separable from the
‘matrix and pieces three or four inches in extent are thus obtainable.
Merulius fugax, /’7..
Soft decayed wood of deciduous trees. Osceola. Aug.
This has the tender, soft and delicate texture of the preceding species, but it is at first of a pure white color. Soon the hymenium assumes a creamy or yellowish hue and the folds appear, but there is often a wide margin destitute of them. In drying, the folds mostly collapse and dis- appear and the hymenium often becomes tinged with incarnate or flesh color. The wood on which it usually grows is so much decayed that it easily crumbles to pieces. Nevertheless the plant is separable from its matrix.
The spores are oblong, .0003 in. long, .ocoo1 broad.
”
Of THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. |
Geaster striatus, DC.
Sandy soil. Karner. Sept. Bi cs
When the external peridium first opens and expands the inner pe- ridium appears to be globose and sessile, but as the plant matures and dries the inner peridium is seen to be narrowed below and raised ona short pedicel.
Phyllosticta Labruscz, Thum.
Living leaves of grapevines, Vitis Labrusca. Highland Mills, Orange county. July.
This differs from P. viticola in its more numerous, larger and more prominent perithecia and in its larger spores.
Phyllosticta Epigzee, 7. sp.
Spots large, irregular, brown or reddish-brown ; perithecia minute .0045 to .0055 in. broad, covered by the epidermis, erumpent, epiphyllous, black; spores elliptical, colorless. .0003 in. long, .oo016 broad.
Living leaves of trailing arbutus, Hpigwa repens. Caroga. July.
Phyllosticta lantanoidis, n. sp.
Spots rather large, suborbicular, cinereous, sometimes with a brown margin ; perithecia minute, .oo4 in. broad, slightly prominent, epiphyl- lous, black; spores elliptical, colorless, binucleate, .o0025 to .0003 in. long, .coo16 broad.
Living leaves of hobble bush, Viburnwm lantanoides. Caroga. July.
This differs from P. tinea Sacc. in the targer size and binucleate character of the spores.
Phyllosticta Podophylli, Winter.
Living leaves of mandrake, Podophyllum peltatum. Albany. June. Externally this resembles Ascospora Podophylli Curt., but the spores are very different.
Ascochyta Cassandra, x. sp.
Spots suboro.cular or irregular, reddish-brown or grayish with a red- dish-brown margin; perithecia epiphyllous, minute, erumpent, blackish; spores oblong-fusiform, acute at each end, uniseptate, colorless, .coo4 to .00065 in. long, .coo12 to .ooo16 broad.
Living leaves of leather-leaf, Cassandra calyculata. Adirondack mountains, June and July.
Ascochyta colorata, 2. sp. Plate 2, figs. 9 and 10. ~ Spots indefinite, often confluent, red with a brownish center, paler on the lower surface ; perithecia minute, .oo4 to.oo5 in. broad, black ; spores oblong, somewhat pointed at one or both ends, straight or curved, ~ slightly constricted in the middle, obscurely uniseptate, colorless, .0007 to .oo1 in. long, .0003 to 00035 broad. Living leaves of strawberry, /ragaria Virginiana. West Albany. Aug. This differs from A. Fragarie Sacc, in the color of the spots and in the size and character of the spores.
Report OF THE STATE BOTANIsT. 95
Phoma Phytolacce, B. & C.
Dead stems of poke weed, Phytolacca decandra. Albany. June.
In our specimens the spores are a little longer than the dimensions given in the description of the species and the perithecia are sometimes slightly compressed or subhysteriiform.
Phoma elevatum, 2. sp.
Perithecia numerous, small, rotund, oval or hysteriiform, sunk in the matrix but occupying small elevations or ridges, black; spores ovate or subelliptical, colorless, .oo03 in. long, .coo16 broad.
Decorticated wood of deciduous trees. Adirondack mountains. June.
The marked feature of the species and one suggestive of the name is the position of the perithecia. Each one occupies a minute ridge or pustular elevation of the wood.
Phoma Pruni, 2. sp.
Perithecia small, slightly prominent, subconical, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, black; spores oblong-elliptical or subfusiform, binucleate, hyaline, .00035 to .o00045 in. long, .ooo12 to .ooo16 broad, supported on equally long or longer sporophores.
Dead branches of choke cherry, Prunus Virginiana, Karner. June.
Phoma albifructum, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, large, .o2 to .03 in. broad, conical or subhemis- pherical, sometimes irregular and two or three confluent, erumpent, black ; spores oblong-fusiform, acute at each end, two to four-nucleate, colorless, .00065 to .c0085 in. long, .o002 to .coo25 broad, oozing out and forming a white globule.
Dead bark of maple, Acer rwbrwm. Karner. June.
The perithecia and spores are unusually large for a Phoma and would seem to justify Prof. Saccardo’s proposed genus Macrophoma.
Sphzropsis ribicola, C. ¢ £. Dead stems of fides floridum. Bethlehem, Albany county. May.
Sphzropsis alnicola, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, .0014 to .co2 in. broad, prominent, hemispheri- cal, erumpent, sometimes confluent, forming black patches , spores ob- long, colored, 0006 to .00095 in. long, -00035 to .0004 broad.
Dead branches of alder. West Albany. Apr.
S. Alnz C. & E. has smaller spores and inhabits living branches,
Appendicularia, gen. nov. Plate 3, figs. 1-4. Perithecium thin, delicate, rostrate, supported on a filamentous pedicel
_ and accompanied by an appendage at its base. Entomophilous.
This genus has been formed to receive the single species here de- scribed. Its name is suggested by the appendicular organ at the base of the perithecium and supported with it by the common pedicel.
96 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STaTE Museum.
Appendicularia entomophila, 2. sp.
Perithecia oval, brown, .0045 to .0055 in. long, .0035 to .co4 broad, tapering abruptly above into a long, pale, somewhat pointed, straight or slightly curved rostrum .o08 to .oog5 in. long and about one-tenth as broad, supported below by a pale pedicel .or2 to .or3 in. long, about one-tenth as broad ; pedicel two-septate, slightly thickened at the apex and bearing on one side, at the base of the perithecium, an oblong ap- pendage about .oo16 in. long; spores narrowly fusiform, pointed at each end, septate near the middle, colorless, .oo12 to .oo1r8 in. long, about one-tenth as broad, escaping at the apex of the rostrum.
On small flies, Drosophila mgricornis, Nyack, Rockland county. March. Jtev. J. L. Zabriskie.
Specimens of this minute but interesting fungus, beautifully mounted on microscopic slides, were sent me by Mr. Zabriskie, who discovered them on small flies in his cellarin March last. He writes that they ap- peared during the first warm days of Spring, but disappeared upon the return of colder weather a few days later. The fungus grows upon al- most any part of the body, the head, thorax, abdominal rings and occa- sionally on the cost of the wings, but most frequently on the legs. Attached to one leg sent me are seven well-developed specimens of the fungus and one or two imperfect ones. The whole fungus is about one- fortieth of an inch long, or less than one-third of a line. It would not, therefore, be readily seen by the untrained naked eye of an observer. The perithecium, which is of a beautiful amber-brown color in the mounted specimens, appears like an enlargement of the central part of the fungus, its long rostrum or beak extending above it nearly as far as its pedicel does below it. ‘The pedicel has one septum a little below the perithecium and another a little below the middle. At the apex it is slightly thickened, which gives it a somewhat clavate shape, and this enlargement is obscurely marked by short transverse and longitudinal septa or wrinkles, On one side, at the base of the perithecium is the singular erect appendage, the office of which is involved in obscurity. It is even and glabrous on the side next the perithecium, but elsewhere it is roughened by short ascending projections or serrations.
The affinities of the fungus are not clear. The non-ascigerous peri- thecium, the long, slender rostrum and the free spores oozing out at its apex indicate a relationship to species of Spheronema (a genus of im- perfect fungi), but the delicate texture and filamentous pedicel are very unlike any thing in that genus. Possibly its true relationship may be with the Saprolegniz, but for our present purpose it is placed with the imperfect fungi.
Spherographium hystricinum, Sace. Plate 8, figs. 5-7.
Dead stems of Viburnum nudum. Caroga. July. This is Spheronema hystricinwm, Ellis, and is possibly a condition of some species of Cenangium.
Sphzrographium lantanoidis, w. sp.
Perithecia minute, terete or subconical, truncate at the apex, black ; spores subfiliform, curved or flexuous, slightly narrowed toward eXsh
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 97
end, colorless, sometimes multinucleate, .o016 to .o025 in. long, oozing out and forming a whitish globule Dead stems of Vibwrnwm lantanoides. Adirondack mountains, June.
Gelatinosporium fulvum, ~. sp.
Perithecia czspitose, crowded, erumpent, externally pulverulent, pale-tawny, opening at the apex when moist and revealing the white spore-mass within ; spores elongated, curved, gradually tapering toward each end, colorless, .003 in. long.
Dead branches of birch, Betula lutea. Caroga. July.
This is the third species of this genus that has its habitat on birch.
Coniothyrium valsoideum, 2. sp.
Perithecia cespitose, crowded, erumpent, surrounded by the laciniz of the ruptured epidermis, subglobose or angular from mutual pressure, black ; spores numerous, subglobose or ovate, colored, .0002 to .o0025 in. long, nearly as broad.
Dead branches of alder. West Albany. Apr.
Septoria Ribis, Desm.
Living leaves of fetid currant, /ibes prostratum. Adirondack mountains. June.
Septoria alnicola, Che. Living leaves of alder, Alnus incana. Caroga. July. Septoria Lysimachie, Jest. Living leaves of Lysimachia ciliata. Osceola. Aug.
Septoria Dalibarde, x. sp.
Spots small, jwhitish or cinereous, with a reddish-brown margin, peri- thecia minute, epiphyllous, few, black ; spores filiform, nearly straight, -0015 to .oo2 in. long.
Living leaves of Dalibarda repens. Caroga. July.
This species closely resembles S. Waldsteiniw, but the spores are much longer than in that species.
Septoria Dentariz, x. sp.
Spots large, suborbicular, indefinite, greenish, perithecia minute, nu- merous, slightly prominent, epiphyllous, black; spores filiform, nearly straight, .coo8 to .co12 in. long, oozing out in yellowish or amber- colored tendrils or masses.
Living or languishing leaves of pepper-root, Dentaria diphylla. Adirondack mountains. June.
Septoria punicei, 2. sp.
Spots two to four lines broad, indefinite, blackish-brown above, brown or reddish-brown below, perithecia hypophyllous ; spores very long, flexuous, filiform, white in the mass, .oo4 to .0045 in. long.
Living leaves of Aster puniceus. Caroga. July.
The species is well marked by its very long and very white spores.
13
98 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Septoria Trillii, Pz.
Living leaves of Trillium erectum. Adirondack mountains. June.
Septoria fumosa, 2. sp.
Spots angular or irregular, often confluent, smoky-brown or grayish- brown with a darker margin; perithecia epiphyllous, .o0025 to .003 in. broad, black ; spores filiform ; .oo12 to .oo2 in. long.
Living or languishing leaves of Solidago Canadensis. Albany. June.
The spores are shorter than those of S. Virgauree.
Septoria Diervillz, 7. sp.
Spots suborbicular, whitish or cinereous, with a proad indefinite brown or purplish-brown margin ; perithecia epiphyllous, minute, black; spores filiform, curved or flexuous, very slender, .oor to .c016 in. long.
Living or languishing leaves of Diervilla trifida. Adirondack moun- tains, June.
The spots, which are at first brown or purplish-brown, at length be- come paler and arid in the center, and on this central part the perithe- cla appear.
Rhabdospora subgrisea, 2. sp.
Perithecia numerous, punctiform, depressed, black, covered by the epidermis, generally forming long, indefinite, grayish-brown spots ; spores filiform, straight or curved, .oo12 to .0025 in. long.
Dead stems and galls of various species of Solidago. Albany. G.W. Clinton. West Albany. Apr. and May.
Diplodia pinea, Az. Dead bark of pine, Pinus Strobus. West Albany. May. In our specimens the spores are .0008 to .oor4 in. long and .o005 to .0007 broad, which is somewhat less than the dimensiofis given in the description. Our plant is, therefore, distinguished as variety corticola.
Staganospora Smilacis, Sace.
Living leaves of Smilax herbacea. Albany. G. W. Clinton. West Albany. May.
The spots closely resemble those of Spheropsis smilacina, Pk., Phoma smilacina, Sacc., which may be an immature or imperfectly de- veloped form of the same species. It is Ascochyta Smilacis, E. & M.
Gleosporium Ribis, Casi.
Living or languishing leaves of fetid currant, Ribes prostratum. Adirondack mountains. June
In our specimens the spores are a little longer than in our European specimens and longer than the dimensions given in some of the descrip. tions, but I see no other difference
Gleosporium Salicis, Wes?.
Languishing leaves of Salix longifolia. North Greenbush. Sept. Our specimens have the spores either simple or two or three-nucleate
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 99
and generally a little thicker toward one end. In size they are .o006 to .0009 in. long, .0003 to .o004 broad. Fuckel considers the species as the stylosporous condition of Zrochila Salicis, Tul. It is very unlike Gle- osporium salicinium, Pk., which is rather a Septogloeum, though the septa are obscure.
Marsonia Quercus, 2. sp.
Spots angular or suborbicular, whitish or reddish-gray, definite, nucleus hypophyllous; spores oblong or subcylindrical, straight or curved, slightly constricted in the middle, obscurely uniseptate, colorless, .o005 to .0006 in. long, .ooor to .oo016 broad, oozing out and forming a red- dish or reddish-amber colored tendril or mass.
Living leaves of Quercus ilicifolia. Karner. Aug.
Pestalozzia monochetoidea, S. ¢ L. Dead stems of nine-bark, Spirwa opulifolia. West Albany. Apr.
Ramularia Dierville, 2. sp. - Plate 1, figs. 16-18.
Spots suborbicular, whitish or cinereous with a dark-brown margin, definite ; flocci amphigenous, minute, tufted ; spores cylindrical, color- less, .0005 to .oo1 in. long, .00008 to .ooo16 broad.
Living leaves of Diervilla trifida Adirondack mountains. June.
Ramularia multiplex, 2. sp.
Spots large, sometimes occupying the whole leaf, red or greenish- yellow, becoming brown when old, the lower surface, and sometimes both surfaces, frosted by the fungus; flocci and spores whitish or sub- cinereous, the latter very variable, subglobose elliptical, oblong or cylin- drical, .o0016 to .oo2 in. long, .00016 to.coo2 broad, sometimes catenu- late.
Living leaves of cranberry, Vacciniwm Oxycoccus. Caroga. July.
Ramularia_Prini, . sp. Plate 1, figs. 19-21.
Spots small, suborbicular, cinereous or whitish, with a brown margin, definite: spores hypophyllous, oblong or subfusiform, colorless, .o005 to .0009 in. long, .00016 to .oo02 broad.
Living leaves of Jlex verticillata. Caroga. July.
The spores are tufted, but so minute that they are scarcely visible to the naked eye. This and the two preceding species are referred to the genus Ramularia with some hesitation. The hyphe are minute and ob- scure, and I have seen no septate spores, but in other respects they ap- pear to belong here. ‘The next species, which rarely has uniseptate spores, forms a connecting link between these and the succeeding one.
Ramularia Oxalidis, Yari. Plate 1, figs. 13-15. Living leaves of wood sorrel, Ozalis acetosella, Adirondack moun- tains, June.
100 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Cylindrosporium veratrinum, S. é W. Plate 1, figs. 10-12.
Living leaves of Indian poke, Veratrum viride. Adirondack moun- tains. June. ‘
This fungus appears to me to be ambiguous, between the genera Cy- lindrosporium and Ramularia. Distinct, though short hyphe are pres- ent; and the spores are very long and clearly septate, in violation of the generic character of Cylindrosporium. The fungus is sometimes either associated with or followed by oblong black spots or patches, which are sometimes confluent, and which bear minute black perithecia containing oblong or cylindrical spore-like bodies about .ooo2 in. long.
Ovularia moniloides, 7. é UM. Plate 2, figs. 1-4.
Living leaves and dead branches and aments of sweet gale, Myrica Gale. Adirondack mountains. June.
A very variable species. Sometimes the spots are few and scattered, again they are numerous, small or large, and often confluent, occupying nearly the whole leaf. Sometimes the fungus extends to the branches, both dead and living, which it surrounds with its white flocculent patches.
Peronospora Arthuri, Far. Living leaves of evening primrose, Hnothera brennts: Albany. June.
Peronospora Halstedii, ari.
Living leaves of Ambrosia trifida, North Greenbush. Sept. This often grows upon the spots occupied by Protomyces polysporus.
Peronospora Potentillaz, De By.
Living leaves of purple avens, Gewm rivale. Adirondack mountains. June.
Entyloma Sanicule, 7. sp. Plate 1, figs. 7-9.
Spots numerous, small, close or subconfluent, orbicular or subangular, varying in color from whitish or greenish to brown or reddish-brown ; conidia amphigenous, filiform or linear, straight or curved, colorless, .0012 to .0024 in. long, .o0008 to .coo1 broad. Sometimes plurinucle- ate ; spores subglobose, .00055 to .o0065 in. broad.
Living leaves of sanicle, Sanicula Marilandica. North Greenbush. May.
The very long slender conidia are a distinguishing feature in this species.
Cercospora Violz, Sace.
Living leaves of violets, Viola blanda. Osceola. Aug.
In our specimens the spores are shorter than the dimensions given for the type, from which it is probable that they are a variety. They are .003 to .004 in. long, but pluriseptate as in the typical specimens.
Cercospora Cephalanthi, 7. ¢ 4. Living leaves of Cephalanthes occidentalis. Karner. Aug.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 101
Cercospora Comari, 2. sp. Plate 1, figs. 1-3.
Spots irregular, indefinite, sometimes confluent, reddish-brown ; flocci minutely tufted, amphigenous, slender, flexuous, colored, .o05 to .0065 in. long, .ooo2 broad ; spores clavate, obscurely two to three septate, slightly colored, .o02 to .003 in. long, .o003 broad in the widest part.
Living leaves of Potentilla palustris (Comarum palustre). Karner.
July. Cercospora Majanthemi, ck.
Living leaves of two-leaved Solomon’s Seal, Majanthemum bifolium. Caroga. July.
Our specimens vary a little from the description of the species to which we have referred them, but they are probably only an American variety of the species. The spots are margined with red or brownish- red and the spores are nucleate, but I have not seen them septate. They appear to rise from a minute reddish or pink-colored tubercle.
Hadrotrichum lineare, w. sp. Plate 1, figs. 4-6.
Flocci amphigenous, densely czspitose, subflexuous, black, forming oblong or linear black sori; spores terminal, ovate, oblong-ovate or oblong-pyriform, colored, .00065 to .oorr in. long, .o0045 to .c0055 broad, sometimes becoming constricted in the middle.
Living and dead leaves of Calamagrostis Canadensis. Adirondack mountains. June.
- I have referred this fungus provisionally to the genus Hadrotrichum, although it does not rigidly agree with the description of that genus, in which the flocci are characterized as short. In our plant they are .oo2 to .o0o3 in. long. By their tufted mode of growth they appear to deviate from the allied genus Monotospora. ‘The spores, so far as observed, do not become definitely uniseptate, though in a few instances the endo- chrome seemed to be divided and the spores constricted in the middle as if about to multiply by division. They are colored, but are slightly paler than the flocci.. These form definite linear or oblong sori or patches which are often parallel and sometimes repeatedly interrupted and look like a series of dots. At first sight they might be mistaken for some species of Puccinia.
Cenangium balsameumn, 2. sp.
Receptacle single or czspitose, sessile, erumpent, externally black or blackish, greenish-yellow within, disk plane or convex, blackish bay-red or greenish-yellow when moist, black and somewhat uneven when dry ; asci clavate, .004 to .0055 in. long, .o005 to .ooo6 broad; spores oblong or subfusiform, sometimes slightly curved, simple, greenish-yellow, .0008 to .oor2 in. long, about .0003 broad.
Dead branches of balsam, Abies balsamea. Caroga. July.
This has probably been confused with C. ferruginosum, which it somewhat resembles, but the spores are much larger than the dimensions ascribed to the pores of that species, and larger than the spores in the specimens of that species in Mycotheca Universalis.
102 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Sphzrotheca pannosa, Lev. Living leaves of wild rose, Rosa parviflora Ehrh. West Albany. Aug.
Microspheria Nemopanthis, 2. sp.
Mycelium arachnoid, thin, amphigenous; appendages few, five to twelve, equal to or a little longer than the diameter of the perithecia, terminally four or five times dichotomous, colored, sometimes forked near the base, the ultimate ramuli recurved; asci about four; spores six to eight.
Living leaves of Nemopanthes Canadensis. Karner. Sept.
The species is apparently allied to M/. Berberidis, from which it is separated because of its fewer asci and colored appendages.
Capnodium Citri, B. & D.
On oranges, Albany. Not ascigerous. Introduced with the fruit which it inhabits.
Asterina nuda, x. sp. Plate 2, figs. 11-15.
Perithecia numerous, closely gregarious or crowded, superficial and naked or with a few short obscure radiating filaments at the base, globose or subdepressed, .003 to .004 in. broad, black ; asci oblong or subcylin- drical, .oo16 in. long, .coo5 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong, uniseptate, colorless, .oo04 to .0005 in. long, .o002 to .ooo25 broad.
Dead leaves of balsam fir, Abies balsamea. Adirondack mountains. June.
Externally this species resembles Sacidiwm Pini, but its fruit is very different. The perithecia are generally arranged in three linear patches, one along the middle of the upper surface of the leaf and two on the lower surface, one on each side of the midvein. They are less numerous on the upper surface than on the lower, and are sometimes entirely absent there. The radiating mycelioid filaments are not always present, and but for the superficial perithecia the species might easily be referred to the genus Spherella. The bilocular colorless spores indicate the section Asterella.
Valsa pauperata, C. & F.
Dead bark of maple, Acer rubrum. Karner. June.
In our specimens it is not uncommon to find a half dozen perithecia in one pustule, although in the typical form there are but two or three. A whitish or pale-grayish pulverulent disk often exists, which is at length obliterated by the black ostiola. The spores are .00064 to .0008 in. long, .oo02 to .o0025 broad, which is somewhat larger than the di- mensions given in the description of V. pauperata, nevertheless we think our specimens are only a form or perhaps a variety of that species. The pustules are often arranged in long flexuous lines as in the type.
Valsa cornina, 2. sp.
Pustules small, scattered, at first covered by the epidermis, which is at length longitudinally ruptured; perithecia two to five in a pustule,
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 103
nestling in the inner bark, black, the ostiola scarcely exerted ; asci cla- vate, blunt, .oo2 to .0024 in. long; spores collected in the upper part of the ascus, allantoid, .0006 to .0007 in. long, .00016 broad.
Dead branches of Cornus paniculata. Albany. Apr.
I have distinguished this species from others growing on Cornus, because of its different habit and larger spores.
Valsa Friesii, ck. Dead bark of Abies balsamea. Adirondack mountains. June.
Valsa opulifoliz, 2. sp.
Pustules subconical or subhemispherical, erumpent ; perithecia five to twenty in a pustule, nestling in the inner bark, crowded, often angular from mutual pressure, ostiola crowded, black, obliterating the grayish disk ; asci subclavate, the sporiferous part .cor2 to .oo16 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad ; spores allantoid, crowded above, uniseriate below, .ooo4 to .0005 in. long, .00008 to .ooor broad.
Dead branches of Spirea opulifolia. West Albany. Apr.
The species is apparently related to V. pustulata Aw., but the crowded ostiola are central on the disk. When the epidermis is torn away the pustules appear much like those of V. colluewlus Wormsk.
Valsa leucostomoides, x. sp.
Pustules numerous, minute, covered by the epidermis which is pierced by the orbicular white or grayish disk; perithecia two to six or more in a pustule, the ostiola punctiform, black, dotting the disk ; asci clavate or subfusiform, .oo16 to .ooz in. long, .00035 to .coo4 broad ; spores crowded, allantoid, colorless, .ooo5 to .00065 in. long, .oc016 to .coo2 broad.
Dead branches of sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. Helderberg moun- tains. May.
The very small size of the pustules and the minute white pulverulent disk give to this species an external appearance resembling that of V. leucostoma Fr., but there is no circumscribing black line and the species is apparently quite distinct and easily known by this character.
Diatrypella Frostii, Px.
Dead stems of wild hazel-nut, Corylus Americana. West Albany Nov.
Diaporthe Wibbei, Mts.
Dead branches of sweet gale, Myrica Gale. Adirondack mountains. June. ;
The species is placed in the section Tetrastaga, but in our specimens there is no circumscribing black line. The spores are a little broader than the dimensions given in the description, being .o002 to .o0025 in broad, and they sometimes terminate in a slight bristle-like point. In other respects the specimens agree well with the specific characters.
104 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Diaporthe cylindrospora, n. sp.
Pustules valsoid, somewhat prominent, erumpent, scattered ; perithecia numerous, fifteen to thirty or more, crowded, covered by the thin blackened surface of the inner bark, the ostiola rather long, crowded, exserted, about equalling the surrounding elevated epidermis, black; asci narrow, subfusiform, .oco18 to .oo22 in. long, .c0025 to .coo3 broad; - pores subcylindrical, crowded or biseriate, quadrinucleate, colorless, .0005 to .00065 in. long, .coo12 to .o0016 broad.
Dead branches of wild bird cherry, Prunus Pennsylvanica. Adiron- dack mountains. June.
I have not been able to detect any distinctly septate spores, yet in every other respect this fungus evidently belongs to this genus, and I have thought best to refer it here for the present.
Didymospheria Typha, x. sp.
Perithecia minute, punctiform, subglobose, covered by the epidermis, which is pierced by the scarcely papillate ostiolum ; asci cylindrical, .0025 to .0035 in. long, .0003 to .coo4 broad ; spores oblong or ellipti- cal, uniseriate, uniseptate, not at all or but slightly constricted at the septum, colored, .co04 to .0006 in. long, .o0002 to .o0025 broad ; para- physes filiform.
Base of dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Guilderland, Albany county. May.
Spherella conigena, m. sp.
Perithecia small, scattered or gregarious, slightly prominent, erum- pent, black; asci subcylindrical, .0025 to .c035 in. long, about .oc005 broad ; spores crowded, oblong-clavate, constricted at the septum, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .coo16 to .ooo2 broad, the cells unequal, the lower one tapering downward, narrower than the subglobose or ellipti- cal upper one.
Fallen cones of hemlock, Adies Canadensis. Helderberg mountains. May.
It differs from S. Pinsapo in its longer asci, and longer and differ- ently shaped spores, as well as in its habitat. A similar, if not the same, species occurs on cones of Thuja occidentalis in the same locality, but owing to the immaturity of the fruit it is still in doubt.
_Venturia Cassandra, n. sp. Plate 3, figs. 11-14.
Spots reddish-brown or brownish, sometimes with a grayish center ; perithecia on one or both surfaces, minute, .oo28 to .0032 in. broad, black, with a few short, straight, diverging black setz above, .oo12 to 0016 in. long; asci oblong, gradually and slightly narrowed above, .0016 to .0018 in. long, .0003 to .oo04 broad ; spores biseriate, oblong, quadrinucleate, .oo005 in. long, .ooo2 broad.
Living leaves of Cassandra calyculata. Caroga. July.
The perithecia sometimes occur on the upper surface of the leaf, but oftener on the lower. They are so small that they are scarcely visible to the naked eye. Sometimes they emerge from beneath the scales of the leaf, and then they appear erumpent, although in reality they are superficial.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 105
Leptospheria Corallorhize, n. sp. Plate 2, figs. 20-23.
Perithecia numerous, minute, .004 to .oo5 in. broad, erumpent, black, with a minute ostiolum; asci cylindrical, sessile, .co2 to .003 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, subfusiform, trisep- tate, slightly constricted at the middle septum, yellowish-brown, .o008 to .oor in. long, .o0016 to .ooo2 broad.
Dead stems of Corallorhiza multiflora. Caroga. July.
Leptosphzria eutypoides, 2. sp.
Perithecia numerous, closely gregarious, .o1 to .or1 in. broad, hemi- spherical or depressed, at first covered by the epidermis, then naked, black, ostiola papilliform ; asci clavate or subcylindrical, .004 to .0045 in. long, .0005 to .00065 broad ; spores ovate or oblong, straight or slightly curved, triseptate, usually constricted at the septa, yellowish-brown, -0008 to .o0og in. long, .0003 to .oo04 broad, paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of large herbs, as Chenopodium album. Albany. May.
The matrix becomes blackened, which, with the nearly uniform dis- tribution of the numerous perithecia, is: suggestive of the appearance of some species of Eutypa.
Leptospheria lycopodiicola, 7. sp. Plate 2, figs. 16-19.
Perithecia small, .o05 to .006 in. broad, spheroid or elliptical, erum- pent, black ; asci subcylindrical, nearly sessile, .0025 to .003 in. long, .0003 to .o004 broad; spores oblong or subfusiform, slightly colored, three to five-septate, .c008 to .oor in. long, .c0016 to .oc02 broad.
Dead peduncles of Lycopodium clavatum. Adirondack mountains. June.
The perithecia are associated with a minutely tufted, blackish Clados- porium. Some of them are laterally compressed. The covering epi- dermis generally ruptures longitudinally. The spores are much more narrow in this thanin LZ. Crepini and L. Marcyensis, both of which in- habit species of Lycopodium.
Metaspheria Myrice, 2. sp. Plate 2, figs. 24-27.
Perithecia numerous, broadly conical, .o16 to.o21 in broad, covered by the thin closely-adhering epidermis, black, white within, ostiola pertuse ; asci clavate, obtuse, .004 to .oo5 in. long, .0006 to .c008 broad ; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong or subfusiform, straight or slightly curved, at first uniseptate, quadrinucleate, strongly constricted at the middle sep- tum, finally triseptate, colorless, .oo12 to .o016 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad ; the paraphyses numerous, conglutinate.
Dead branches of Myrica Gale lying partly in water. Caroga. July.
The epidermis is so closely-adherent that the perithecia appear as if superficial or merely innate at the base. The nuclei of the spores are . large. Spores with three septa are rare, but this may be due to the immature condition of the specimens.
14
106 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Sphzrulina sambucina, 7. sp.
Perithecia minute, numerous, closely gregarious, unequal and irregu- lar, orbicular, oblong or even flexuous, covered by the epidermis, erum- pent, opening by a pore or a narrow chink, black, asci clavate or sub- cylindrical, .c03 to .oo5 in. long, about ooo5 broad, aparaphysate ; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong-clavate, constricted at the middle septum, five to seven-septate, colorless, .coog to .oo12 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad, the lower half more narrow than the upper.
Dead branches of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. West Albany. May.
This is apparently related to S. intermizta, and, like that species, it is remarkable for its anomalous and irregular perithecia, but it is distin- guished from it by its longer asci and longer spores, strongly constricted in the middle, and with more numerous septa.
Cryptospora Carya, 2. sp. Plate 2, figs. 28-31.
Pustules scattered, covered by the epidermis, erumpent, circum- scribed by a black line or at length covered\by a black crust beneath the epidermis, perithecia four.to twelve in a pustule, globose or angu- lated by mutual pressure ; ostiola crowded, rather prominent, subglo- bose, even, black; asci subclavate, .004 to .oo5 in. long, .o005 to .0006 broad , spores crowded or biseriate, subcylindrical, slightly narrowed toward one or both ends, granular within, at length spuriously three to five-septate by the division of the endochrome, colorless, .o016 to .0024 in. long, .c0025 to -00032 broad.
Dead branches of hickory, Carya alba. Knowersville. May.
The epidermis is loosened over the pustules and is generally ruptured in longitudinal chinks. When it is removed the blackened pustules are conspicuous. ‘The spores are sometimes constricted in the middle.
Mazzantia sepium, Sacc. & Penz.
Dead stems of Calystegia Sepvum. North Greenbush. May. The spores in our specimens are a little larger than in the typical form and trinucleate.
D.
REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES, L.
A form occurs on the Helderberg mountains which bears two pani- cles, or clusters of flowers. One is much smaller than the other, and is usually about three flowered.
VIOLA CUCULLATA, Att. .
The variety with peduncles, much longer than the peticles (var. longvpes), is common in wet places in the Adirondack region. It blos- soms there about the middle of June.
REPORT OF THE STATE Boranist. | 107
HYPERICUM ELLIPTICUM, Hook. A small form with stems eight to twelve inches high, and leaves erect and appressed, was found in wet places by the roadside in Caroga. This position of the leaves gives a peculiar aspect to the plants.
Ruus typuina, LZ.
The form with laciniate leaves‘ has been found near Nyack, Rock- land county, by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie.
Rosa SETIGERA, Mz. Low ground near West Albany. Introduced from the West.
Rueus uispipus, L. Common in Caroga and not infrequent with five-foliate leaves on the young stems. FEDIA RADIATA, Mz. Wynantskill, Rensselaer county. H. C. Gordinier. This is a form with smooth fruit. ARALIA NUDICAULIS, L. A form with no leaf but with the scape bearing four to six umbels at the apex and a branch near or below the middle. This branch is ter- ‘ minated by a single umbel, and probably represents the usual leaf.
ARALIA HIsPIDA, Mz.
This sometimes grows with great vigor in the Adirondack region. A specimen was found in Caroga, more than three feet high and bearing upwards of forty umbels, the large central and terminal one being two and a half inches in diameter.
CUPHEA VISCOSISSIMA, Jacy.
This plant appears to be gradually extending its range northward in the Hudson river valley. It has occurred in the vicinity of Pine Plains and at Salt Point, Dutchess county, and the past season it was detected near Catskill by Judge Clinton. On the authority of Drs. Stevenson and Knieskern it was reported in the State Flora as an inhabitant of the “northern part of the State,” but I suspect this is a mistake.
TussILaGco FarFara, L.
Abundant on clay banks about Albany and Troy. In rare instances the leaves appear while the plant is yet in flower. The rays assume a reddish hue with age and the scapes become elongated.
HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM, L.
This plant has become well established in many parts of the State and is still spreading. The past season it was observed in Fulton county, where it had evidently escaped from a flower garden to the roadside.
VACCINIUM PENNSYLVANICUM, Lam. var. NIGRUM. Caroga, where it was growing sparingly with the ordinary form of the species. CASTILLEIA COCCINEA, Spreng. The usual habitat, ascribed to this species in the manuals, is wet meadows and sandy low grounds. In Springwater, Livingston county,
108 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
and in Canadice, Ontario county, it was found by Mr. D. Byron Waite growing on the “tops and sides of bare dry and sterile hills, and where low shrubs and moss abound.”
HyDRANGEA ARBORESCENS, L. Wellsburg, Chemung county. #. A. Burt.
POTAMOGETON Rossinsu, Oakes.
Hudson river near Rhinebeck. H. Andrews. The plants were sterile as usual. HABENARIA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Rich.
Turin, Lewis county. July. R. &. Hough. This is the second sealer in the State for this rare plant. Mr. Hough informs me that it is difficult to obtain perfect specimens of this plant, most of the flowers being injured, apparently by some insect.
TRILLIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Salisd. v. VARIEGATUM,
This interesting variety or form has the leaves petiolate and the petals variegated with green, which is usually in the form of a broad longi- tudinal stripe through the middle. It was discovered in dense woods near Jamesville, Onondaga county, by members of the Syracuse Botan- ical Club, and specimens were contributed to the Herbarium by Mrs. L. L. Goodrich and Mrs. 8S. M. Rust. It has also been found on Goat Island by Hon. G. W. Clinton. In the Jamesville locality it was associated with Trillium erectum and typical 7. grandiflorum. In one specimen communicated by Mrs. Goodrich the petioles originate near the ground, the stem being very short. They are about three and a half inches long and the peduncle is five inches long. In other specimens these parts are less elongated and the form appears to be merged into the type. The specimens indicate a coincidence between the petioles, peduncles and green color of the petals. Generally the longer petioles are accompanied by longer peduncles and broader green stripes on the petals. This coincidence between form and color is remarkable.
~ Juncus TriFiIDus, L.
Sam’s Point, Shawangunk mountains. Prof. V. L. Britton. Probably this is the most southern station for this Juncus in our State. It occurs at Lake Mohunk and also on the high summits of the Adirondack mountains,
SCIRPUS POLYPHYLLUS, Vahl. Catskill. G. W. Clinton. A rare species in our State.
Scirpus syLvatTicus, L. Wet places about half a mile south-east of Loudonville.
GLYCERIA FLUITANS, L.
Caroga lake. The form with long flat linear floating leaves, suggestive of the specific name, is not rare in the lakes of the Adirondack region, but it is not always fertile.
Asura caspitosa, L.
Wet ground. Caroga. It was growing in company with 4. flexwosa which usually inhabits dry, rocky, sterile hills.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 109
MILLIUM EFFUsUM, L.
A tall glaucous-leaved form, is plentiful in woods in the Boreas river valley in Minerva, Essex county.
PELLZA GRACILIs, Hook,
About the entrance of a limestone cavern, Minerva. The presence of limestone appears to be a necessity to this rare little fern. Although there are many localities in the Adirondack region which seem favor- able to its growth; I have never observed it there except in the imme- diate vicinity of limestone, and as this is in limited quantity and scattered stations, this fern occupies there very isolated and limited localities. In the station mentioned it was in company with Aspidium aculeatum Sw. v. Braunii.
WoopwarpiA VirRGINICA, Si,
Abundant in a marsh neer Karner.
AGARICUS STIPITARIUS, Fr. v. SETIPES.
Stem elongated, straight, very slender, three to four inches long, scarcely as thick as a knitting needle. Caroga. July. Specimens of this species revive on the application of moisture, thus indicating a close relationship to species of Marasmius.
AGARICUS CLAVICULARIS, FY.
This species is quite variable with us. Three or four forms or varieties were found growing under balsam trees in one locality in Caroga. Var. albus is wholly white. Var. cinereus has the pileus and stem pale cinereus; this is the most common. Var. filipes has the pileus small, two or three lines broad, and the stem very slender or filiform. When moist the stem is viscid, and in taking it from its place of growth the fingers are liable to slip from their grasp before the plant yields from its attachment to the ground, but when dry it is taken without difficulty. ‘The pileus is not viscid, and by this character the species may be distinguished from A. vulgaris.
Acaricus Leatanus, Berk,
This beautiful Agaric is common in the woods of all our hilly or mountainous districts, growing most frequently on dead trunks of beech, but often on those of other deciduous trees, In a single instance it was found growing on decaying wood of hemlock.
AGARICUS FIBULA V. CONICUS. This singular variety has the pileus conical, not umbilicate, sometimes papillate. Mossy prostrate trunks in woods. Caroga. July. AGARICUS ATROCRULEUS, FY.
I have not yet found the plant with blue colors. It is brownish with us and villose with grayish densely tufted hairs, sometimes inclining to a cervine hue. On poplars. Karner. Sept.
AGARICUS RHODOPOLIUS, fr, v. UMBILICATUS.
Pileus convex, umbilicate, 1 to 2 inches broad; lamelle subdecur- rent; stem elongated, slender, containing a small cavity. Karner. Sept. A slender variety growing with the ordinary form, but appearing quite unlike it.
110 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Trocia crispa, Pr. v. VARIEGATA.
Pileus and lamelle variegated with bluish or greenish-blue stains. Sandlake. Sept.:
Bo.Letus viscosus, Frost.
This name is antedated by B. viscosus Ventur., and if the Frostian species is a good one, it will be necessary to give it another name. It cannot be called Bb. Frostii, as there is already a species bearing that designation. Mr. Frost’s plant is manifestly very near B. granuw- latus and may possibly be a variety of that species, although the two, as they occur with us, are readily distinguishable. They ap- pear to have been united by European mycologists. The distinguishing characters are found in the color, glutinosity, glandular dots or sugary granules of the tubes and stem and in the comparative length of the stem. In Frost’s plant the pileus is at first dark-chestnut color and covered with a thick tough gluten, appearing, as the author remarks, as if it “was enveloped in slime,’’ but it becomes yellowish, tawny-yellow or reddish-yellow and less glutinous with age. ‘The glandular dots are usually entirely absent from the mouths of the tubes and from the stem, but when present they are very minute and inconspicuous and occur chiefly at the top of the stem. This is very short, varying from one-half to one inch in length, so that “ the pileus seems to rest upon the ground.” In BS. granulatus, the young pileus is much paler, though variable in color, and is less glutinous. It does not become conspicuously paler with age and the glandular dots or granu- lations, which suggest the name of the species, are readily seen on the tube mouths and stem. ‘They usually dot the stem from top to base, though sometimes they are more conspicuous on the upper part. The stem is generally one to two inches long. This plant appears from midsum- mer to the end of the season, but I have only seen Frost’s plant in late autumn. It is quite possible that the two plants run together, but from the character of the differences noted it seems tome to be best at present to keep them distinct, and for convenience of reference I would designate the Frostian species as Boletus brevipes, in allusion to its short stem. It grows in sandy soil under pine trees. Karner. Oct.
BOLETUS SCABER, J. v. NIVEUS.
Swamps. Karner. Oct. This is a beautiful variety, easily recognized by the white color of the pileus, This, however, becomes tinged with livid-blue or greenish-blue when old.
BoLETUS GRACILIS, Pk. v. LAVIPES.
Stem destitute of reticulations. Otherwise like the tpyical form of the species. South Ballston. Sept.
POLYPORUS SULPHUREUS, J”.
The young growing plant sometimes exudes a pale-yellow or sulphur- colored juice when cut or, broken.
Potyporus vo.tvatus, Pk.
This is occasionally found on balsam trunks, Abies balsamea, Adiron- dack mountains. June.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. Ta |
POLYPORUS CONGLOMERATUS, Pk. Prostrate trunks of beech. Osceola. Aug,
LYCOPERDON GIGANTEUM, /atsch.
A specimen of the obconic form mentioned by Fries was found near Coeymans, Albany county, by Mr. John D. Parsons.
Morruiera Mespiui, Pek, Living leaves of Amelanchier Canadensis. Caroga. July.
Puccinia Cattua, Lk. This species, which is rare in our State, was found in a wooded swamp in Caroga, July. UROCYSTIS POMPHOLYGODEsS, ScAl. On Thahetrum anemonoides. Albany. G. W. Clinton.
Cysropus cusicus, De By.
Radical leaves of Senecio aureus, Adirondack mountains. June. This species inhabits various species of composite, but does not appear to have been before found on Senecio. .
GLOMERULARIA Cornl, Ph.
Hitherto found only on Cornus Canadensis, but now on Lonicera ciliata also. Adirondack mountains. June.
LOPHIOTREMA SPIRH#&, Sacc. v. ADULTUM.
This has the spores nine to eleven-septate. In the type they are seven- septate. West Albany. Apr.
DIAPORTHE SPICULOSA, Nits.
A form occurs on dead branches of Spirea opulifolia without a limi- ting black line in the matrix. The perithecia are sunk in the wood, the surface of which becomes blackened.
HYPODERMA NERVISEQUUM, Fr. Fertile specimens were found on balsam leaves in Caroga. July.
LoPHODERMIUM PETIOLICOLUM, Fckl. v. ACERINUM.
Perithecia narrowly elliptical or oblong; asci subclavate, .0025 to .003 in long, .oo08 to .00035 broad ; spores filiform, considerably shorter than the ascus. Fallen petioles of Acer saccharinum. Caroga. July.
E.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF LACTARIUS.
LACTARIUS, #7.
{Galorrheus, Fr. Lactifluus, Hoffm.]
Hymenophorum fleshy, vesiculose, continuous with the fleshy stem; lamellae unequal, adnate or decurrent, acute on the edge, exuding a milky or colored juice when wounded ; volva and annulusnone; spores globose or broadly elliptical, white or yellowish. 5
112 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
The peculiar character of this genus, and one which gives to it its name, is the milky juice which pervades the flesh and especially the lamellze of the species. It is generally white, like milk, but in some species it quickly changes color on exposure to the air, and in a few it is always colored. In some instances it is colorless or watery, but such plants are regarded by Fries as degenerate or abnormal from growing in very wet places. In very old specimens, or in very dry weather, the milk is often more scant than usual, and it sometimes fails entirely. Its presence may generally be ascertained by cutting or break- ing the pileus or the lamellz. It is better to seek it in the latter, in- asmuch as it generally flows more freely from them, especially in small species, than from the pileus and stem. Insome species of Mycena a similar milky or colored juice exists, especially in the stem, but these are abundantly distinct from the Lactarii by their small size, campanu- late pileus and slender, hollow, cartilaginous stem. In the genus Russula the size, shape and texture of the species is the same as in Lactarius, but the milky juice is wanting, though the acrid taste may be present, so that the presence of the milk and the fleshy stem is sufficient to dis- tinguish these plants from all other Agaricini.
The pileus is fleshy in all the species, but in some it is thin. Even when thick and compact its texture is brittle, so that it 1s easily broken. It is variegated in many species by more highly-colored concentric bands or zones, a character always wanting in the allied species of Rus- sula. The margin of the pileus 1s at first inflexed or involute, and the pileus itself more or less convex, but with advancing age the margin be- comes spreading or elevated, and then the pileus, being depressed in the center, presents an obconic or funnel shape. Sometimes the pileus is convex, but umbilicate or centrally depressed with its earliest appear- ance, in other instances it is broadly convex or nearly plane, and fur- nished with a small umbo or papilla.
The lamellz are at first adnate, but by the change in the shape of the pileus, which comes from its expansion and the elevation of the margin, they become more or less decurrent. It is not uncommon to find them branched or forked, especially near the inner extremity. In color they are generally white or whitish, but this is often varied by yellowish or reddish tints as they become mature. ‘They often change color where cut or bruised, even when the milk remains unchangeable. In some species they become pruinose or dusted by the spores when old, in others they remain naked.
The stem in many species is short and comparatively thick, in others its length equals or exceeds the diameter. of the pileus. It may be equal in diameter throughout its entire length, or become gradually narrower either toward the apex or toward the base. In some species it is always solid or merely becomes spongy within when old, in others it may be either spongy within or hollow, and that too in different indi- viduals of the same species. When it is stuffed in the young plant it is likely to be hollow inthe old. In many of the species individuals some- times occur in which it is eccentric.
The spores are globose or broadly elliptical, and more or less rough or echinulate, and they vary but little in size in the different species. Still by their slight variations in size and color they sometimes afford good specific characters, and should by no means be neglected in the study of the species.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 113
The taste of the milk and flesh in many species is very acrid, or hot and biting like that of Cayenne pepper; in others it is mild or but tardily and slightly acrid. This character is of great utility in distin- guishing the species, and it is necessary to observe it by actually tasting, but not swallowing the milk or flesh, if we would satisfactorily identify our specimens.
Several of the species are edible, others are affirmed by authors to be poisonous. In some instances authors do not agree in respect to the quality of the species, for while one affirms, for example, that Z. in- sulsus and L. piperatus are edible, another declares them to be poison- ous. It is most prudent to avoid the use of such acrid species, tor al- though their acridity is dispelled or destroyed by cooking, they are said by Gillet to be indigestible, and only acceptable to the strongest stomachs.
Most of the Lactarii grow on the ground, a few on decaying wood. They are found in deep woods and swamps and in grassy grounds and open places. They occur in Summer and Autumn, and are most abun- dant in warm, showery weather. The species have been arranged by Fries in groups, depending partly on the color and quality of the milk and partly on the naked or pruinose character of the lamelle. This latter character does not appear to me to be sufficiently constant and obvious to be satisfactory. I have, therefore, made the color of the milk the only basis of the primary grouping of our species.
Synopsis of the Species.
Milk at first bright-colored, unchangeable.............. af e aN Milk at first white, changing color on exposure to the air...... 2 Millcamaice or whitish, unchangeable. .%. 2.50... sees eceeenss
nev oune Jamelle and milk, indigo-blue... fcc. .0ec ees eer ere de Indigo.)
Eeeoumeolamelice-and milk dark-red...-...3. sense ves subpurpureus. ///”
Pewownelamelice and milk orange-red... 6,006.0 06 ws oe 00% deliciosus.
1 Young lamelle and milk saffron-yellow ............. Chelidonium. PEP CCOMINE /PINKISN=TEd. .70(. 02.6.) ae vonyg ind -« wyplee srs ors eys 2 Penile ACCOM ING “VM OW: :5 5 5:6 aye 55. 4/5, op5)0 9) 5 visuern win Fie ee 8) ada 4 Pe MECOMUING ac-COLOM oa. shho%)-0 !o ajo rs) w/a wh ore bre dave lel uvidus. //?
periveus dinpy-cray or bulf-pray (partly). ./.. 0... cage es fuliginosus./2 ¢
peeuseanay-brawa, (partly) 22/0. dae. <0 26 we cietepee vane oie lignyotus. /2.9 ae Marcin of the-mature pileus glabrouss oi... 00.26 00's. &
4 Margin of the mature pileus tomentose-hairy............ 6 Febilecus distinctly spotted, taste acrid... .. ose. ees. chrysorheus, !/ 7 5 Pileus not distinctly spotted, taste tardily acrid......... theiogalus.
PEP CMEB POLL: 5 ok <5. 3s. os cg bienle sis 2a) egtatelepens scrobiculatus. J) \
Bee TORIOL GOOLE «0/0 5.6.0.0. a:4 seheelene diverse ne sbaesh wos cilicioides.
MM EES euISCielowien MOISE 50» o> s cgie's £6 cia 0 dolore) soca Ware 8
7 iedlens mot viscid ...:)... EE ESA mA a meena 13 8 Margin of the pileus distinctly tomentose-hairy...... torminosus./2 4 8 Margin of the pileus glabrous or nearly so..............
g Pileus greenish-brown or yellowish-brown, tinged with green..sordidus. '< /
Ombileus some other color, glabrous and, viscid (2.0). so» scones fe)
fompemeusysome Shade! of red or yellows «0. ..o60.0's oie aes see ep AS PomEmeMSESOMesOtNeL COlOF sc 6 6.4.5 a a!s.5 ia sie 8 ders ee pte @ ae eR 12 15
114 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM. *
\
11 Pileus reddish, generally zoneless...... o hbn ens as art hysginus.!2! 1i Pileus‘Ochraceous, .ZONEIESS «).~ 2's» 6% 4: 45.5 winless ic 5 affinis. /1) 11 Pileus yellow or yellowish-white, zonate..............0e. insulsus,!22 12 Stem paler than the pileus..... Sare ut Sie bse hese ee ee trivialis.)29 12 Stem colored like the pileus......... apd © ..--Cinereus. j22 13 Pileus minutely tomentose,pubescent or squamulose.......... 14 13. Pileus glabrous.or,merely pruinose: 2)... .,/.<.. 000s sehen uae 14 Pileus rugose-reticulated, velvety-pubescent 27h~S.. . .corrugis. /3 0 14 Pileus not rugose-reticulated, .. .\.h ty <5 ce oe 15 15 Pileus.some shade of; gray @penown .2..-.7 0s 213). 2 on cee 16 15 | Pileus.some.shadeé-of) red or -yellw-\i!...ccu s 2 .<ne elec Gis: lee 15, Piléus white :orwhitish’ }~ dey <n. ped eee ee he slate Micetee 20 16: Platut INOGOFOUS s.<3 Fes Ov pies w bidis ode Boleie oly 14) 3le eee Ly 16 Plant Odgrous./ 4.27ner ee caine ca ee glyciosmus. !?-~ 17 Pileus about one inch broad, becoming paler-with age...... griseus. }* 17 Pileus more than one inch broad, not expallent'(partly)..plumbeus. !>7 . 18- Lamelee, distant (partly) «5 s.s<4 sseoptid shales hygrophoroides. ZS. Lamelle ‘close is scc0 5 5 oi a a's,s See Fiouee Cea ee EM biel ss 19 Pileus less than two inches broad, milk white............. alpinus. !*~ 19 Pileus two inches or more broad, milk watery (or white)...... helvus. |%4
“20 Surface of the pileus persistently velvety-tomentose. . vellereus. ) > 20 Margin of the pileus cottony-tomentose when young (partly) deceptivus. | >»
e1 Pileus white ‘or whitish. ee... )00s eee *, a3 cine eee 22
2x Pileus some other ‘color... :.j,/.. =... 2 28sec va Be 22 Lamellz distant or subdistant:=.... .- «.- . «=« «sien oe. er: 22 Lamellz crowded, dichotomous ............ Phe cote piperatus. \%>
23 Stem more than four lines thick, young pileus umbilicate (partly) deceptivus. |}2." 23 Stem not more than four lines thick, pileus never umbilicate. .albidus.)~ +:
24 Pileus some shade of gray or brown..........++.+--% Pate, Seat
24 Pileus some shade of red or yellow... +. 22%. ase eee 31 25 Wounds of the lamelle becoming pinkish-red............... 26 25 Wounds of the lamellz not becoming pinkish-red............ ky,
26 Pileus dingy-gray or buff-gray (partly)......... ...fuliginosus, | 2%
26 Pileus dingy-brown (partly)........... ocolatd Gp Tee lignyotus. \2-" 27 Wounds of the lamellae becoming sordid-greenish............ 28. 27 Wounds of the lamellz not becoming sordid-greenish........ 372g
28 Plant growing on the pround.....)is. 2/0 vue varius. | +4
28 Plant growing on decaying wood .......«++.e+-seets parvus. \* 2g Taste mild?) 1 eic gels ogee mi alee 08,0 a's lh te wee Gerardii. }3% 29° Taste aCrids 255 4.0 :372 alae shares loka ea Sin be eae iia ae
30 Pileus dry, zoneless (partly) «y:- -'<isi0 sa’. «22 = opel plumbeus. | . 30 Pileus moist, generally zonate....+..05<2eesenswe pyrogalus. \>* a5. Lamelle distanti( partly): 1% utente eee eee hygrophoroides. \>4 31 Lamellz close or subdistant......... fat ate ais cA it easly 32
ge Taste acridy ti kalau. ao Se eo Me 3
32 Taste mild or slightly acridiigm. 620. .2.5- 51. sete Fa retet 2A 33 Pileus bay-red, flesh pinkish. . (pie: (+ -s-. 3 dsc ses 1 ee rufus,/? / 33-Piteus yellowish-red; : flesh whit@@iiay . «222s. eaves ...platyphyllus. / /
a 2 REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 115
@aotem more-than four lines thick....... 6200 2ceencecceses volemus. /2 » 34 Stem less than four lines thick..... ey ee OREN TT 25, ere Plant, OMOLOUS. = a scsiv asses Bciencrns our oaiy ate camphoratus. Beslan IOC OPOUSS «1 'ahije Ve Alas t)aaeabborvret o Bhtws che bo, 0is) tak w see 36
36 Pileus some shade of red, not becoming paler with age. ..subdulcis.- 36 Pileus brown or brownish, becoming paler with age...paludinellus., * °
Milk at first bright-colored, wnchangeable.*
This group corresponds to the tribe Daprres of Fries. In Europe there are but two species belonging to it ; in our State there are four, one of which, ZL. deliciosws, is common to this country and Europe. There is much similarity in our species, their most obvious differences being in color. ‘The pileus in all is glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, more or less zonate when young and moist, but becoming paler and less clearly zonate with age. The stem is hollow, at least when old, and - often adorned with spots of the same color as the milk. The color of the milk pervades the whole plant, but it is less bright and clear except in the spots and the young lamellz. Bruises or wounds of the lamellz are apt to become greenish, and old plants are often stained with this hue. The spores in all are yellowish, and the taste is mild or slowly and moderately acrid. Probably all are edible, but only Z. deleciosus has been tested.
*. Lactarius Indigo, Schw.
Blue Lactarius.
Pileus at first umbilicate with the margin involute, then depressed or infundibuliform, indigo-blue with a silvery-gray lustre, zonate, espec- ially on the margin, sometimes spotted, becoming paler and less distinctly zonate with age or in drying; lamelle close, imdigo-blue, becoming yellowish and sometimes greenish with age ; stem short, nearly equal, hollow, often spotted with blue, colored like the pileus; spores subglo- bose, .0003 to .00035 in. long ; milk dark blue. ;
Pileus 2 to 5 inches broad, stem r to 2 inches long, 6 to ro lines thick.
Dry places, especially under or near pine trees. Not rare but seldom abundant. July to September.
X Lactarius subpurpureus, Peck. Purplish Lactarius.
Pileus at first convex, then nearly plane or subinfundibuliform, more or less spotted and zonate when young and moist. dark-red with a grayish lustre ; lamelle close, dark-red, becoming less clear and some- times greenish-stained with age; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, soon hollow, often spotted with red, colored like the pileus, sometimes hairy at the base; spores subglobose, .00035 to .o004 in., milk dark-red.
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Damp or mossy ground in woods and swamps. July and August. At once known by the peculiar dark-red or purplish hue of the milk,
which color also appears in the spots of the stem and in a more subdued tone in the whole plant. The color of the pileus lamelle and stem is
* Badham says that the milk of Z. deliciosus changes to a green color, but I have not observed such a change,
“
116 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
modified by grayish and yellowish hues. “In age and dryness the zones are less clear, and dried specimens can scarcely be distinguished from L. deliciosus.
x Lactarius deliciosus, 7.
Delicious Lactarius. Agaricus deliciosus L.
Pileus at first convex and subumbilicate, then nearly plane or subin- fundibuliform, yellowish-orange or grayish-orange varied by brighter spots and zones, fading to grayish-yellow when old or dry; lamelle close, orange-colored with paler reflections, less clear and often greenish- stained with age; stem nearly equal, stuffed or hollow, often spotted, colored like the pileus, sometimes hairy at the base ; spores subglobose, -0003 to .coo4 in., milk orange-colored.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 in long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Woods and open places, but especially in mossy Swamps. Common. July to September. Edible.
This is the most common species of its group. It grows both in wet and in dry places, and in acerose, frondose or mixed woods. It has an excellent reputation as an edible fungus. Badham says it is one of the best of fungi and that its flesh is firm, juicy, sapid and nutritious. One writer pronounces it the most delicious mushroom known. The best method of cooking is said to be, to bake three-fourths of an hour in a close covered dish, having seasoned it with pepper, salt and butter.
Badham states that the milk turns green on exposure to the air. Wounds of the flesh and lamelle often do, but I have not observed this change in the color of the milk.
« Lactarius Chelidonium, Peck.
Celandine Lactarius.
Pileus at first convex, then nearly plane and umbilicate or centrally depressed, grayish-yellow or tawny, at length varied with bluish and greenish stains, often with a few narrow zones on the margin, lamella narrow, close, sometimes forked, anastomosing or wavy at the base, graytsh-yellow; stem short, subequal, hollow, colored like the pileus ; spores globose, .0003 in.; milk sparse, saffron-yellow; taste mild.
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Sandy soil, under or near pine trees. Saratoga and Bethlehem.
The milk of this species resembles in color the juice of celandine, Chelidonium majus, It is paler than that of ZL. deliciosus. By this character and by the dull color of the pileus, the narrow lamellz, short stem and its fondness for dry situations, it may be separated from the other species. Wounds of the flesh are at first stained with the color of the milk, then with blue, finally with green. A saffron color is some- times attributed to the milk of L. deliciosws, which may indicate that this species has been confused with that, or that the relationship of the two plants is a closer one than we have assigned to them.
Milk at first white, changing color on exposure to the arr,
In this group, wounds of the lamellz and flesh generally assume the changed color of the milk after a brief exposure to the air.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. PAY
Lactarius uvidus, /7. Moist Lactarius.
Pileus at first convex, then nearly plane or centrally depressed, glabrous, viscid, whitish, grayish-brown or livid-brown, generally with a slight tinge of pink, sometimes obscurely zonate or marked with darker spots, either with or without a small umbo; lamellz rather narrow, thin, close, white or yellowish, becoming lilac where cut or bruised ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, viscid, whitish or pallid ; spores globose or broadly elliptical, yellowish, 00035 to .00045 in.; milk white, changing to lilac, taste acrid.
Var. magnus, Plant large, pileus obscurely zonate or marked with darker spots more or less contentrically arranged.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Wet mossy places in woods and swamps. Adirondack mountains and Sandlake. July and August.
This species is not very common. It is readily recognized by the lilac color assumed by the milk and the wounds of the flesh and lamelle. The variety occurs in Vermont where it was observed by Mr. A P. Morgan.
Lactarius chrysorheus, /’. Yellow-milk Lactarius. Agaricus zonarius, Bolt.
Pileus convex, umbilicate or centrally depressed, becoming infundi- buliform, glabrous, yellowish, sometimes tinged with flesh-color, adorned with bright-colored zones and spots, the margin at first involute and pruinose-tomentose’ lamellz thin, close, adnate or decurrent, yellowish, some of them forked; stem equal, glabrous, hollow, white or colored like the pileus, sometimes spotted ; spores subglobose, .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, becoming yellow, taste acrid.
Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad, stem 8 to 15 lines long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods or open places. Bethlehem and Sandlake. July and August. Not common.
Fries describes this species as having a dry pileus, but in our speci- mens it appeared to be slightly viscid when moist. The milk in the European plant is said to change color quickly, in ours the change takes place slowly. The spots of the pileus are usually small and nu- merous and sometimes concentrically arranged. They, as well as the zones, have a golden-yellow or pale-orange hue. They, together with the color of the pileus, distinguish this species from the next, and the change in the color of the milk separates it from L.amsulsws. The plant described in the Twenty-third Report under this name belongs to the next species.
» Lactarius theiogalus, fr. Sulphur-milk Lactarius. Agaricus theiogalus, Bull.
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then depressed, even, glabrous, viscid, tawny-reddish ; lamellz adnate or decurrent, close, pallid or reddish ;
118 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
stem stuffed or hollow, even, colored like the pileus ; spores yellowish, enclining to pale flesh- color, ‘subglobose, .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, changing to sulphur- yellow, taste tardily acrid, bitterish.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 1 to 3 in. long, 4 to 10 lines thick.
Woods and groves. Common. July to October.
Our plant does not fully accord with the description of the species as given by Fries. The pileus is moderately thick and compact, varying from convex or nearly plane and umbilicate to depressed or infundibuli- form, slightly viscid when moist, zoneless or obscurely zonate, varying in color from pale grayish-red to tawny-red or brick-red, there being a mixture of gray yellow and red not easily defined. Gillet describes the pileus as “ tawny-red, clear brick-red, bistre-red or orange-yellow di- versely shaded.” It somewhat resembles L. torminosus in color, but the glabrous margin and changeable milk distinguish it. The surface of the pileus has a minutely uneven or unpolished appearance, but it is smooth to the touch. The lamellz are sometimes forked near the stem, whitish tinged with creamy-yellow or flesh color, and they often become stained with reddish-brown when old or bruised. The stem is generally paler than the pileus. It is commonly hollow, though sometimes stuffed or spongy within. Rarely it is spotted or stained with reddish-brown. When the-flesh is cut or broken it soon assumes the pale-yellow color of the exposed milk. ‘The taste is tardily or moderately acrid, or some- what woody and bitterish. Its less acrid taste, unspotted and more reddish pileus, distinguish it from the preceding species. According to Gillet it is pronounced edible by some authors, poisonous by others. Cordier says that the pileus is dry, that the stem is almost always stuffed, and that it passes for poisonous, but that Letellier has eaten it more than once without inconvenience.
Lactarius resimus, /7. Recurved Lactarius.
Pileus convex and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, glabrous, viscid, zoneless, whitish or pallid, the margin at first involute, white- tomentose, at length spreading, naked ; lamellz decurrent, whitish ; stem even or obsoletely spotted, villose, hollow, thick; milk gwickly ae mg to sulphur-yeilow, taste acrid
Var. regalis. (L. regalis, Peck.) Pileus yellowish-white, the margin glabrous ; stem glabrous ; spores globose,..0003 in.
Pileus 4 to 6 in. broad, stem 2 to 3 in long, 8 to 12 lines thick.
Woods. Croghan. September. Rare.
Our plant, which has been observed but once, has the margin of the pileus and the stem glabrous, but it can scarcely be more than a vanety of the species, and as such we have subjoined it.
Lactarius scrobiculatus, /’. Spotted-stemmed Lactarius.
Agaricus scrobiculatus, Scop. Ayaricus theiogalus, A. & S.
Pileus convex, then nearly plane or centrally depressed, viscid when moist, zoneless or slightly zonate, reddish-yellow or subochraceous, the margin at first involute, then spreading, tomentose hairy ; lamella thin,
REPORT OF THE STATE Boranist. ALG
close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish or yellowish; stem equal, stout, hollow, colored like the pileus, adorned by swborbicular depressed spots of a brighter color; spores white, .coo3 to .00035 in.; milk white, changing to sulphur-yellow, taste acrid.
Pileus 3 to 6 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick.
Wet, mossy ground in woods. Caroga. July. Rare.
This Lactarius is similar to the preceding in size and shape, and like that, it sometimes has the margin naked when old, but it is distin- guished by its distinctly-spotted stem and more highly-colored pileus. Its color approaches that of L. thetogalus, but its generally hairy margin, together with its spotted stem and more acrid taste, will distinguish it from that species. It is not deemed edible.
Lactarius cilicioides, 7’. Tomentose Lactarius. Agaricus tomentosus, Otto. Agaricus crinitus, Scheff.
Pileus broadly convex or nearly plane, umbilicate or centrally de- pressed, occasionally subinfundibuliform, soft, covered with long matted hairs or tomentum, the center sometimes becoming naked with age, zoneless, viscid when moist, white reddish-buff or dingy-incarnate ; lamellz rather narrow, thin, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, some of them forked, white, or tinged with yellow or incarnate ; stem short, equal or tapering downward, pruinose, stuffed or hollow, not spotted, white or whitish ; spores white, .ooo25 to .0003 in.; milk white, sparse, slowly changing to pale yellow, taste acrid.
Var. albus. Pileus at first white, flesh white, stem short, milk very sparse or almost none.
Pileus 1.5 to 4 in. broad, stem .5 to 1.5 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Woods and open places, especially under or near pine trees. Forest- burgh, Karner, West Albany and Greig. September and October.
The tomentose Lactarius is distinguished from all our other species by its conspicuously woolly pileus. It is this character that gives name to the plant. The hairs or fibrils are long and intricately matted, and so viscid in wet weather that fragments of leaves, sticks and dirt are of- ten found adhering to them. The variety, which is found especially on sandy soil near pine trees, is white when young, but with age it is apt to become stained with a dirty-yellow or rusty-yellow hue, especially in the center. The milk is very sparse and sometimes wanting. The stem is so short that the pileus appears to rest on the ground. In the form which grows in woods the stem is longer, and the pileus approaches the next species in color. Fries describes the stem as two to three inches long and one inch thick, but I have seen no specimens with stems so large. The plant occurs in autumn, and sometimes several successive crops appear in the same locality in one season. It is sometimes subcespi- tose.
Milk white or whitish, wnchangeable.
* Pileus viscid when moist.
‘
120 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE Musrum.
y Lactarius torminosus, /’. Colic Lactarius. Woolly Lactarius,
Agaricus torminosus, Scheff. A. necator, Bull. A. piperatus, L. A, barbatus, Retz.
Pileus convex, then depressed, viscid when young or moist, yellowish- red or pale-ochraceous tinged with red or flesh color, often varied with zones or spots, the at first involute margin persistently tomentose-hairy ; lamellz thin, close, narrow, whitish, often tinged with yellow or flesh color ; stem equal or slightly tapering downward, hollow, sometimes spotted, whitish; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .00035 to .0004 In., milk white, taste acrid. .
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Woods. Adirondack mountains and Sandlake. August.
This species differs from all the preceding by its unchangeable milk, and from all the following by the coarse tomentum or hairs of the mar- gin of the pileus. Badham says that it is acrid and poisonous, and Gil- let declares it to be deleterious and even dangerous, and that im the raw state it is a very strong drastic purgative. Onche other hand Cor- dier states that almost all authors agree in saying that it is eaten with impunity, and that Letellier has eaten it more than once without in- convenience.
Lactarius sordidus, Peck.
Pileus thick, firm, convex and centrally depressed, then nearly plane or subinfundibuliform, subglabrous, slightly viscid when moist, soon dry, pale yellowish-brown, tinged with sordid green, often darker in the cen- ter ; lamelle narrow, close, white or yellowish; stem short, firm, equal or slightly tapering upward, hollow, colored like the pileus, generally spotted ; spores .0003 to -00035 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Woods and open places, especially under spruce and balsam trees. Adirondack mountains and Sandlake. August and September.
This species appears to resemble L. turpis Fr. in color, but that species differs, according to the description of Fries, in having the mar- gin of the pileus at first villose or tomentose, the stem stuffed, attenua- ted downward, not spotted, and the pileus covered with a tenacious gluten. Like it, our plant has a sordid, forbidding appearance. It sometimes appears to be adorned with a few obscure fibrils or to be slightly scabrous or hairy.
Lactarius trivialis, fr. Common Lactarius.
Pileus convex, then nearly plane, umbilicate or centrally depressed, glabrous, viscid, sometimes zonate, leaden-gray, livid-cinereous or pale brown, often with a pink or lilac tint, the thin inflexed margin at first with a grayish pruinosity ; lamellae rather narrow, close, thin, adnate, sometimes forked, whitish, becoming pallid or creamy-yellow, with dingy-greenish stains where wounded ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, long or short, glabrous, rarely spotted, hollow, whitish, often tinged with yellow or gray, paler than the pileus ; spores yellowish, ,0003 to .o004 in.; milk whitish or pale cream color, taste acrid.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 121
Var. maculatus Pileus zonate or spotted and zonate, stem some- times spotted.
Var. gracilis. Pileus small, 1 to 2 in. broad, stem equal to or longer than the diameter of the pileus, often tapering upward.
Pileus 1 to 6 in. broad, stem 1 to 5 in. long, 3 to ro lines thick.
Woods and open places. Sandlake, Albany and Adirondack moun- tains. July to September.
A variable species. Some forms of our plant exhibit the characters attributed to the European fungus, others do not; but these forms all run together in such a way as to leave scarcely a doubt of their specific unity. I have therefore merely distinguished two of these forms as va- rieties. In all the forms the pileus is sometimes zonate, and in one it is spotted, though Fries describes the pileus as “azonate”’ and the stem, as ‘“‘immaculate.” In the variety maculatus a zonate pileus and spotted stem are sometimes united in the same plant. This form occurred in low woods in Gansevoort. ‘The plants were large and the stem long. The variety gracilis was found in woods in Greig, and is so small and slender that it appears like a distinct species, yet exhibits the essential specific characters. The thin pellicle of the pileus is separable and the whitish flesh has a dingy or grayish hue immediately beneath it. The plant is sometimes czspitose.
Lactarius hysginus, /’. Reddish Lactarius.
Agaricus vietus, Krombh.
Pileus rigid, at first convex, then nearly plane, umbilicate or slightly depressed, even, viscid, zoneless or rarely obscurely zonate, reddish- incarnate, tan-color or brownish-red, becoming paler with age, the thin margin inflexed ; lamellz close, adnate or subdecurrent, whitish, be- coming yellowish or cream colored : stem equal, glabrous, stuffed or hol- low, colored like the pileus, or a little paler, sometimes spotted ; spores subglobose, whitish on black paper, yellowish on white paper, .00035 to .0004 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Woods. Sandlake and Caroga. July and August. Not common.
The reddish hue of the pileus distinguishes this species from its allies. The gluten or viscidity of the pileus in our specimens was rather tena- cious and persistent. a
Lactarius affinis, Peck.
Related Lactarius.
Pileus convex and centrally depressed, glabrous, viscid, zoneless, ochraceous-yellow ; lamellz rather broad, subdistant, whitish or creamy- yellow, some of them forked; stem equal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus, often spotted ; spores .00035 to .oo045 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 2 to 4 in, broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick.
Pastures and copses. Catskill mountains. October. Rare.
I have observed this species but once. Mr. Morgan has found a stout form of itin Vermont. In his specimens the stem is conspicu- ously spotted, in the New York specimens sparingly. The species is
16
122 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEU™M.
closely related to L. insulsws, but apparently distinct by its darker color, broader, looser lamellz and zoneless pileus. It appears to be in- termediate between that species and L. hysginus.
Lactarius insulsus, /7. Unsavory Lactarius, Agaricus flecuosus, Secr.
Pileus convex and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, glabrous, viscid, more or less zonate, yellowish, the margin naked; lamelle thin, close adnate or decurrent, some of them forked at the base, whitish or pallid; stem equal or slightly tapering downward, stuffed or hollow, whitish or . yellowish, generally spotted ; spores .co03 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste acrid. .
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Thin woods and open, grassy places. Greenbush> and Sandlake. July and August. ¥
Our plant has the pileus pale yellow or straw color, and sometimes nearly white, but European forms have been described as having it orange-yellow and brick-red. It is generally, though often obscurely, zonate. The zones are ordinarily more distinct near the margin, where they are occasionally very narrow and close. The wilk in the Green- bush specimens had a thin, somewhat watery appearance. Authors dif- fer in their estimate of its qualities, some affirming that it is edible, ~ others that it is poisonous. It is classed as edible in the Curtis Cata- logue, and Cordier says that it appears to be edible.
* Lactarius cinereus, Peck.
Cinereous Lactarius.
Pileus thin, nearly plane and wmbilicate or subinfundibuliform, glabrous, viscid, pale gray or cinereows, the disk sometimes darker col- ored ; lamelle narrow, close, white ; stem equal or slightly tapering up- ward, stuffed, sometimes tomentose at the base, colored like the pileus ; spores white, .coo28 to .coo3 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 1 to 3 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Sandlake and Greig. August and September.
The species is evidently closely allied to L. vietws Fr., but I have never seen the pileus umbonate or expallent, nor the milk become gray, characters attributed to that species. In our plant the viscid pel- licle is separable. In shape and size it resembles L. ¢rivialis v. gracilis, but its paler usually umbilicate pileus, concolorous stem and white spores separate it. Mr. Morgan finds, in Vermont, a somewhat larger form with the pileus sometimes zonate.
** Pileus not viscid.
+ Pileus minutely tomentose or squamulose
Lactarius griseus, Peck.
Gray Lactarius.
Pileus thin, nearly plane, broadly umbilicate or centrally depressed, sometimes infundibuliform, generally with a small umbo or papilla,
’
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 123
minutely squamulose tomentose, gray or brownish-gray, becoming paler with age; lamellz thin, close, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish or yellowish; stem slender, equal or slightly tapering upward, rather fragile, stuffed or hollow, generally villose 0: tomentose at the base; paler than or colored like the pileus,; spores .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste subacrid.
Pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 3 lines thick.
Woods and swamps on much decayed wood and mossy ground. Common. July to September.
The relationship of this species is with ZL. mammosus Fr., from which it differs in its lamella, which do not become ferruginous, and in its stem which is not pubescent, though it generally has long coarse tom- entose hairs at its base. Its habitat also is peculiar, being much decayed mossy prostrate trunks or damp mossy vegetable mold in woods and swamps. It bears some resemblance to JL. cinereus in form and color, but it is generally smaller, and easily distinguished by its dry tomentulose pileus. ;
Lactarius glyciosmus,
Fragrant Lactarius. Scented Lactarius.
‘Pileus thin, convex nearly plane or depressed, often with a small umbo or papilla, minutely squwamulose, cinereous, grayish-brown or smoky-brown, sometimes tinged with pink, the margin even or slightly and distinctly striate; lamellze narrow, close, adnate or decurrent, whitish or yellowish; stem equal, glabrous or obsoletely pubescent, stuffed, rarely hollow, whitish or colored like the pileus; spores .0003 to .00035 in., milk white, taste acrid and unpleasant, sometimes bitterish, odor aromatic.
Pileus 6 to 18 lines broad, stem 6 to 18 lines long, 1 to 3 lines thick.
Woods and open places on the ground and on decaying wood Adirondack mountains, West Albany and Karner. September and October. ;
The distinctive characters of the species are its small size, squamulese pileus and agreeable odor. This is described by European authors as spirituous or like that of alcohol, but to me it resembles rather that of dry melilot and is not much unlike that of L. camphoratus. The American plant, so far as observed, does not have the red hues ascribed . to the European.
Lactarius alpinus, Peck.
Alpine Lactarius.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, sometimes centrally depressed, uccasionally with a small umbo or papilla, tomentose or squamulose, tawny-ochraceous; lamelle close, adnate or decurrent, yellowish; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, glabrous, solid or stuffed, paler than or colored like the pileus ; spores .0003 to .00035 in.; milk whi/v. taste acrid.
Pileus 8 to 18 lines broad, stem 12 to 18 lines long, 2 to 3 lines thick
Summit ot Haystack mountain and Karner. August. Rare.
Apparently allied to L. helvus Fr., but so much smaller that I can scarcely think it the same species and have for the present kept it dis- tinct. The plants resemble LZ. swbdulets in size and somewhat in color,
124 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
but differ in their squamulose pileus. The specific name proves to be inappropriate, as the species has been found in a much lower region than that of its original discovery.
» Lactarius helvus, /’.
Pale-red Lactarius.
Pileus fleshy, fragile, convex, then plane or depressed, subumbonate, dry, sulky or floccose-squamulose and rivulose, pale-testaceous, becoming
paler; lamelle decurrent, thin, close, whitish-ochraceous; stem stuffed |
or hollow, prwinose-pubescent; milk sparse, subacrid, white.
Var. aguifluus. L. aquifluws Peck. Milk sparse, watery, taste mild or subacrid , spores .0003 to .00035 in.; odor weak in the fresh plant, more decided in the dried specimens, aromatic and agreeable.
Pileus 2 to 6 in. broad, stem 3 to 6 in. long, 4 to 10 lines thick.
Mossy ground in swamps and. marshes. Adirondack mountains, Sandlake and Karner. July and August.
Our specimens agree so closely with the description of L. helvus, as given by Fries, and of which a translation is here given, that we have referred them to’ that species, distinguishing them merely as a variety on account of the watery milk. Fries regards such a milk as belonging to a degenerate or abnormal state of the species, and the result of too much moisture. But unless L. alpinus, shall prove to be a dwarf form of L. helvus, only this form of the species has been detected within our limits and indeed in this country. It scarcely seems probable that a species would occur constantly and repeatedly, in various widely separated localities, in a degenerate condition only. It would seem probable that occasionally, in a dry time or in a more dry locality, it would revert to its normal condition. But this has not yet been observed to happen in our plant, therefore we have pre- ferred to consider it a variety. The milk sometimes presents a slightly
turbid appearance, less clear than water. The pileus becomes quite)
fragile when old, and the thin margin is then spreading and sometimes flexuous. The color is a grayish-red or pale tawny-red. The stem is nearly equal, but in young plants it is often narrowed toward the apex. It is glabrous or pruinose and soon hollow, often a little paler than the pileus and slightly striate at the apex from the decurrent iamelle. The flesh is tinged with pink or a pale pinkish-gray. The plant is sometimes ceespitose. Lactarius vellerius, /’. Fleecy Lactarius. '
Agaricus Lnstert Sow. A. prperatus Poll.
Pileus compact, at first convex and umbilicate, then expanded and centrally depressed or subinfundibuliform, the whole surface minutely velvety-tomentose, soft to the touch, white or whitish, the margin at first involute, then reflexed; lamella distant or swbhdistant, adnate or decur- rent, sometimes forked, whitish becoming yellowish or cream-colored ; stem firm, solid, equal or tapering downward, pruinose-pubescent, white; spores white, nearly smooth, .co03 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 2 to 5 1n. broad, stem .5 to 2 in. long, 6 to 16 lines thick.
Woods and open places. Common, July to September.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 125
The soft downy tomentum which is characteristic of this species and which covers the whole pileus gives it a pruinose appearance when viewed from a little distance. The stem is generally short and is some- times broader than long. ‘The lamellz vary in width from two to four lines and are generally about equal in width to the thickness of the pileus. They become stained where bruised. The milk, which is some- times quite abundant in wet weather, exudes from wounds and dries into cream-colored gummy granules. The taste is very acrid. Cordier states that it is poisonous according to some authors, edible according to Leveille.
X Lactarius deceptivus, Peck.
Deceptive Lactarius.
Pileus compact, at first convex and umbilicate, then expanded and centrally depressed or subinfundibuliform, odsoletely tomentose or gla- brows except on the margin, white or whitish, often varied with yellow- ish or sordid stains, the margin at first involute and clothed with a dense, soft or cottony tomentum, then spreading or elevated and more or less fibrillose ; lamellz rather broad, distant or subdistant, adnate or decur- rent, some of them forked, whitish, becoming cream colored ; stem equal or narrowed downward, solid, pruinose-pubescent, white; spores white, .00035 to .c005 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 3 to 5 in. broad, stem 1 to 3 in. long, 8 to 18 lines thick.
Woods and open places, especially under hemlock trees. Common. July to September.
This plant appears to have been confused with L. vellereus, which it closely resembles, but from which it appears to me to be quite distinct, both in the character of the tomentum of the pileus and in its de- cidedly larger and rougher spores. The young pileus is clothed with a thin, silky tomentum, which, on the involute margin, is quite thick, but very sq and cottony, and sometimes striated with parallel impressions, producéd by previous pressure against the edges of the lamella. In the mature plant the pileus appears nearly or quite glabrous, or is merely shaggy fibrillose on the margin. Sometimes the cuticle seems to be slightly rimose, and the surface then has a kind of scaly appearance. The lamelle are as broad and distant as in LZ. vellerews, but the stem is generally a little longer in the present species than it is in that. The glabrous form of this species was referred to LZ. piperatus in the Twenty- third Report. An experiment of its edible qualities was made without any evil consequences. ‘The acridity was destroyed by cooking.
tt Pileus glabrous or merely pruinose or pruinose-pubescent, not squamulose.
y Lactarius piperatus, J’. Peppery Lactarius.
Agaricus piperatus, Scop. A. acris, Bull. A. Listeri, Krombh.
Pileus compact, at first convex and umbilicate, then expanded and centrally depressed or infundibuliform, even, glabrous, white ; lamellez narrow, crowded, dichotomous, adnate or decurrent, white or cream colored ; stem equal or slightly tapering downward, solid, glabrous,
‘
126 ‘THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
white } spores white, nearly smooth, .o0025 to .o003 in.; milk white, abundant, taste very acrid.
Pileus 1.5 to 4 in. broad, stem .5 to 2 in. leng,5 to ro lines thick.
Thin woods, pastures and grassy places. Common. July to Sep- cember.
The glabrous or sometimes merely pruinose pileus, the crowded and frequently forked narrow lamelle separate this species from the other white ones. The lamellz are one to two lines broad, their width being less than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus. The stem is either very short or quite long, according to the place of growth, it being longer when growing in woods among fallen leaves than when growing in open grassy places. In the summer of 1883 this and the two preced- ing species were abundant in the town of Sandlake, and all grew in the same locality. By a little practice they were readily distinguishable, even without a close inspection.
Most authors agree in attributing edible qualities to this species, not- withstanding ‘its intense acridity. Badham says that he has frequently eaten it, and that according to Berkeley it is preserved for winter use by pickling in salt and vinegar. Cordier says that it is an agreeable ali- ment and is eaten in many countries, and that cows eat it with avidity, but that it renders their milk and butter nauseous. Fries says it is edi- ble, and it is so classed in Curtis’ Catalogue. Gillet states that although it does not constitute an agreeable article of food, it is eaten in some parts of France, and that the Russians make frequent use of it. ‘a
Lactarius albidus, Peck. White Lactarius.
Pileus thin, plane or slightly depressed, glabrous, dry, white ; lamellz subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, white, the iterspaces venose ; stem equal, solid, glabrous, white ; spores white, .c003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste acrid. ?
Pileus 1.5 to 3 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods. Karner. September. Very rare.
This Lactarius has been observed but once, and then but few speci- mens were seen, yet it appears to be distinct from all our other white species in its thin pileus, subdistant lamellz, venose interspaces and rather slender stem. Except in color, it has some similarity to the next species. ;
Lactarius varius, 2. sp. Variable Lactarius.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, umbilicate or centrally depressed, sometimes with a minute umbo or papilla, glabrous, even or obscurely roughened, submoist, zoneless or rarely narrowly zonate on the margin, gray or brown, often tinged with lilac, lamelle close, adnate or subde- current, whitish or cream colored, becoming dingy-greenish where wounded ; stem equal, elastic, glabrous, solid or spongy within, paler than or colored like the pileus ; spores white, .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste tardily acrid, odor none, flesh white.
Pileus 1 to 2.5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2.5 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 127
Thin woods and moist places. West Albany and Karner. Septem- ber.
A very variable species. The prevailing color of the pileus is gray or lead-gray, but it is often lilac-brown. Its surface has a moist and shining appearance, but it is sometimes seen under a lens to be rough- ened by minute pits or depressions, in which case it presents silvery or sparkling reflections as if micaceously atomate. It often grows with L. glyciosmus from which it is distinguished by its glabrous pileus and lack of odor. It also approaches L. plwmbeus, but differs from it in its smaller size, paler color, moist appearance and larger spores. Wounds -of the lamellz assume a hue similar to that seen under similar cir- cumstances in LZ. trivialis.
Lactarius parvus, Peck. Small Lactarius.
Pileus nearly plane or depressed, even, glabrous, zoneless, reddish- brown or lilac-brown, becoming paler with age, larfelle narrow, ‘crowded, white or yellowish, becoming dingy-greenish where wounded ; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, often curved, stuffed, whitish ; spores globose, white, .0003 to .ooo4 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 6 to 12 lines long, 1 to 2 thick.
Old stumps and prostrate trunks in woods. Sandlake, Osceola and Greig. August and September.
This small species is closely allied to L. varius, of which it might be considered a mere variety. It differs in being ‘smaller, in having the pileus constantly even, zoneless, destitute of an umbo or central pa- pilla and in growing paler with age. I have only found it growing on decaying wood. When growing on the sides of stumps and prostrate trunks, the stem is often curved and sometimes eccentric,
Lactarius plumbeus, /’7. Lead-colored Lactarius. Agaricus plumbeus, Bull.
“ Pileus compact, convex, then infundibuliform, dry, unpolished fw- liginous or brownish-black ; lamelle crowded, white or yellowish; stem solid, equal, thick ; milk white, acrid, unchangeable,” spores .00025 to .0003 in.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
The specimens which I have referred to this species were found in the Catskill mountains several years ago, growing in hemlock woods, under spruce and balsam trees. I have not met with the species since. The pileus in the larger specimens had a minutely tomentose appearance, but in the dried specimens this has disappeared. They also varied in color from blackish-brown to pinkish-brown and grayish-brown, but they can scarcely be more than a mere form or variety of the species the description of which, as given by Fries, 1 have quoted. In the Handbook the pileus 1s described as dark fuliginous gray or brown, and Gillet describes it as black-brown, dark fuliginous or lead-color, and adds that the plant is poisonous and the milk very acrid and burning. Cor- dier says that the flesh is white and the taste bitter and disagreeable.
128 TTHIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
\~ Lactarius pyrogalus, Fr. Caustic Lactarius. Agaricus pyrogalus, Bull. <A. rusticanus, Scop.
Pileus broadly convex, plane or slightly depressed, sometimes umbili- cate, glabrous, even, swbmoist, generally zonate, livid-cinereous, grayish- brown or lilac-brown; lamelle thin, distant or swbdistant, adnate or subdecurrent, yellowish ; stem equal or slightly tapering downward, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, paler than or colored like the pileus; spores globose, yellowish, .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
- Pileus 1.5 tq 2.5 in. broad, stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Thin woods and open places. Sandlake, Greenbush and Karner.
~“Kugust to October.
The zonate pileus, distant lamellae and yellowish spores separate this species from its allies. The milk is copious and very acrid and the species is regarded as poisonous. Cordier states that the milk is mild in young plants, acrid in mature ones.
Lactarius fuliginosus, /7. Dingy Lactarius. Agaricus azonites, Bull. A. plinthogalus, Otto. L. fumosus, Pk.
Pileus firm becoming soft, convex plane or slightly depressed, even, dry, zoneless, dingy-cinereous or buff-gray, appearing as if covered with a dingy pruinosity, the margin sometimes wavy or lobed; lamellz adnate or subdecurrent, subdistant, whitish, then yellowish, becoming stained with pink-red or salmon color where wounded; stem equal or slightly tapering downwards, firm, stuffed, colored like the pileus; spores globose, yellowish, .co03 to .0004 in.; milk white, taste tardily and sometimes slightly acrid.
Pileus t to 2.5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods and open grassy places. Greenbush and Sandlake. July and August.
The pileus, in this species, has a peculiar dingy or smoky hue which
_is suggestive of the specific name. The color is a pale-cinereous or yel- lowish-gray compared by some authors to the color of coffee and milk. This and the yellowish color of the spores, the tardily acrid taste and the pinkish hue of the wounds of the lamellz and flesh characterize the species. Both Fries and Gillet state that the milk, as well as wounds of the flesh, changes to a pinkish or saffron hue on exposure to the air. This would transfer the place of the species to our second group, for which we have made provision in the synoptical table. But we have failed to verify this character in our plant, and consequently it was formerly supposed to be distinct from the European, and was published under the name Lactarius fumosus. But inasmuch as the European plant has also been described as having white unchangeable milk, and since our plant agrees in every other respect with the description given by Fries, it is quite probable that the species may vary in this respect and we have therefore referred our plant to it. Cordier states that according to Barla and Reveil this species is poisonous. :
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 129
Lactarius lignyotus, /7. Sooty Lactarius.
Pileus broadly convex plane or slightly depressed, dry, with or with- out a small umbo, generally rugose-wrinkled, dark-brown, appearing subpulverulent or as if suffused with a dingy pruinosily, the margin sometimes crenately lobed and distinctly plicate ; lamellz moderately close or subdistant, adnate, white or yellowish, slowly changing to pinkish-red or salmon color where wounded ; stem equal or abruptly narrowed at the apex, even, glabrous, stuffed, colored like the pileus, sometimes plicate at the top; spores globose, yellowish, .00035 to -00045 in.; milk white, taste mild or tardily and slightly acrid.
Var. tenuipes. Pileus about 1 inch broad, stem slender, 2 to 3 in. long and about two lines thick.
Pileus 1 to 4 in. broad, stem 1 to 3 in. long, 2 to 6 lines thick.
Wet or mossy ground in woods and swamps. Adirondack mountains and Sandlake. July and August. Not rare in hilly and mountainous districts.
The sooty Lactarius is closely related to the preceding species with which it was formly united by Fries as a variety, but from which it may be distinguished by its larger size. darker color and generally rugose- wrinkled pileus. Wounds of the flesh and lamellz slowly change color. as In that species, and, according to the description given by Fries, the milk also undergoes a similar change, but I have not been able to verify this in the American plant. According to the description of L. subto- mentosus, B. & R., the milk in that plant changes from white to yellowish and the taste is acrid. In the Twenty-third Report our plant was erroneousl~ referred to that species.
Lactarius Gerardii, Peck. Gerard’s Lactarius.
Pileus broadly convex plane or slightly depressed, dry, generally rugose-wrinkled, with or without a small umbo or papilla, dingy-brown, the thin spreading margin sometimes flexuous lobed or irregular; lamelle distant, adnate or decurrent, white or whitish, the interspaces generally uneven ; stem subequal, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus; spores globose, white, .00035 to .o0045 in.; milk white, wachange- able, taste mild.
Pileus 1.5 to 4 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Woods and open places. Poughkeepsie. W. &. Gerard. Greenbush, Sandlake and Croghan. July to September.
This Lactarius closely resembles the sooty Lactarius in color, but differs from it in its more distant lamella, white spores and constantly mild taste. Wounds of the flesh and lamelle do not become pinkish- red as in that plant. From the next species its darker color, hollow stem and more globose rougher spores separate it.
Lactarius hygrophoroides, B. & C. Hygrophorus-like Lactarius. Distant-gilled Lactarius. Lactarius distans, Pk.
Pileus firm, convex or nearly plane, umbilicate or slightly depressed, rarely infundibuliform, glabrous or sometimes with a minute velvety
Lhe
130 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
pubescence or tomentum, dry, sometimes rugose-wrinkled and often becoming rimose-areolate, yellowish-tawny or brownish-orange; lamellz distant, adnate or subdecurrent, white or cream-color, the interspaces uneven or venose, stem short, equal or tapering downward, soltd, glabrous or merely pruinose, colored like the pileus ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, nearly smooth, .00035 to .oo045 in., milk white, taste mild.
Pileus 1 to 4 in. broad, stem .5 to 1 in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.
Grassy ground and borders of woods. Albany, Greenbush and Sand- lake. July and August.
This plant has almost exactly the color of LZ. volemus, but differs from it in its distant lamella, short stem, less copious milk and less globose spores. Its flesh is white, with a thickness about equal to the breadth of the lamelle. It is probably edible, but has not yet been tested. The typical LZ. hygrophoroides is described as having the pileus yellowish-red and pulverulent, and the lamellz luteous. It is also repre- sented as a small plant; but our specimens, while not fully agreeing with this description, approach so closely to it in some of their forms that they doubtless belong to the same species. We have therefore extended the description so that it may include our plant. In wet weather the pileus sometimes becomes funnel-form by the elevation of the margin.
« Lactarius volemus, /’. Orange Lactarius. Orange-brown Lactarius. Agaricus testaceus, A.& S. A. ruber, Secr.
Pileus firm, convex nearly plane or centrally depressed, rarely infun- dibuliform, sometimes with a small umbo, generally even, glabrous, dry, golden-tawny or brownish-orange, sometimes darker in the center, often becoming rimose-areolate; lamellze close, adnate or subdecurrent, white or yellowish, becoming sordid or brownish where bruised or wounded ; stem subequal, variable in length, firm, solid, glabrous or merely prui- nose, colored like the pileus, sometimes a little paler; spores globose, white, .00035 to .00045 in.; milk copious, white, taste acrid.
Var. subrugosus. Pileus rugose-reticulated on the margin.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 1 to 4 in. long, 4 to ro lines thick.
Thin woods and open places. Common. July to September. Edible.
The color of the pileus is a peculiar mixture of red and yellow, some- times shaded with brown. It is generally free from the attacks of in- sects, and this, with its beautiful and nearly uniform color, makes it an attractive species. It is nearly as celebrated as L. deliciosus for its edi- ble qualities. Cordier says “it is one of the most agreeable fungi to eat.’”’ Its flesh is firm but brittle, white or yellowish. Its milk is very abundant and its taste mild or slightly astringent. In drying, the speci- mens sometimes emit a disagreeable odor. We have followed Fries and other continental mycologists in writing the specific name “ volemus.” Some English authors have it “ volemum.” The variety connects this species with the next.
Lactarius corrugis, Peck. Corrugated Lactarius.
Pileus firm, convex, then nearly plane or centrally depressed, rugose reticulated, covered with a velvety pruinosity or pubescence, dark
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 131
reddish-brown or chestnut color, fading with age to tawny-brown, lamellz close, dark cream color or subcinnamon, becoming paler when old, sordid or brownish where bruised or wounded , stem equal, solid, glabrous or merely pruinose, paler than but similar in color to the pileus ; spores subglobose, .0004 to .oo05 in., milk copious, white, taste mild.
Pileus 3 to 5 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick.
Thin woods. Sandlake, Gansevoort and Brewerton. August and September.
This curious Lactarius is related to L. volemus, from which it may be separated by its darker colors and its corrugated pileus. The flexuous reticulated rug present an appearance similar to that of the hymenium of a Merulius. The pileus is everywhere pruinose-pubescent and the lamellz bear numerous spine-like or acicular cystidia or spicules, .oo16 to .oo2 in. long. ‘These are so numerous on and near the edges of the lamella that they give them a pubescent appearance.
Lactarius platyphyllus, Peck. Broad-gilled Lactarius.
Pileus depressed or subinfundibuliform, glabrous, zoneless, yellowish- incarnate or yellowish-red, the decurved or spreading margin sometimes wavy or flexuous; lamelle broad, subdistant, yellowish; stem equal, stout, Hollow, paler than or colored like the pileus; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .00035 to .o0045 in.; milk white, taste acrid.
Pileus 4 to 8 in. broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick. Woods. North Elba. August.
This large species is apparently very rare. It has been observed but once, and then in dry weather, so that it was not positively ascertained whether the pileus may not be viscid when moist. Its real position is, therefore, uncertain. The lamelle are four or five lines broad and the flesh is white or whitish.
Lactarius rufus, /7. Red Lactarius. Agaricus rufus, Scop.
Pileus convex and centrally depressed, then infundibuliform, gener- ally with a small umbo, glabrous, sometimes slightly floccose or pubes- cent when young, especially on the margin, zoneless, bay-red or brown- ish-red, shining; lamellz narrow or moderately broad, sometimes forked, close, subdecurrent, yellowish or reddish: stem nearly equal, firm, stuffed, paler than or colored like the pileus; spores white, .0003 to 0004 in.; milk white, taste very acrid.
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 2 to 4 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Low woods and swamps. North Elba. August. Rare.
The red Lactarius is known by its rather large size, dark-red pileus and intensely acrid taste. It has been found but once in our State. The flesh is pinkish and the stem sometimes pruinose. It is designated by authors as very poisonous and extremely poisonous. Cordier even says that worms never attack it.
132 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
Lactarius camphoratus, /7. Camphor Lactarius. Agaricus camphoratus, Bull.
Pileus thin, convex, then nearly plane or depressed, generally with a small umbo or papilla, glabrous, bay-red or brownish-red, sometimes zonate, the spreading margin occasionally wavy or/flexuous ; lamellze narrow, thin, close, yellowish or dull reddish ; stem subequal, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus; spores globose, white, .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste mild, odor agreeable. aromatic,
Pileus .5 to 1.5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 2 to 3 lines thick.
Swamps and wet places, also in woods. Sandlake and Adirondack mountains. July to September.
This plant resembles the preceding species in color, but it differs from it decidedly in size and in taste. The European plant is de- scribed as subzonate, but I have seen no zonate specimens. ‘The color of the lamellz, when old, resembles that of the pileus, though they are paler. The odor is not like that of camphor, as the name would seem to imply. To me it resembles that of dried Cyperus inflecus or dried melilot. It is often weak in the fresh plant, but becomes more distinct in the dried specimens, which retain it a long time. Gillet gives the species as edible. ;
- Lactarius subdulcis, 7. ‘ Sweet Lactarius. Sweetish Lactarius. Agaricus subdulcis, Bull.
Pileus thin, convex, then plane or subinfundibuliform, with or with- out a small umbo or papilla, glabrous, even, zoneless, moist or dry, tawny-red, cinnamon-red or brownish-red, the margin sometimes wavy or flexuous ; lamellz rather narrow, thin, close, whitish, sometimes tinged with red; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, slender, glabrous, sometimes villous at the base, stuffed or hollow, paler than or colored like the pileus; spores globose, white, .o003 to .o0035 in.; milk white, taste mild or tardily and slightly acrid, sometimes woody or bitterish and unpleasant, flesh whitish, pinkish or reddish-gray, odor none.
Pileus .5 to 2 in. broad, stem 1 to 2.5 in long 1 to 3 lines thick.
Fields, copses, woods, swamps and wet places. July to October. Very common. .
This species grows in almost every variety of soil and locality. It may be found in showery weather on dry, rocky soil, on bare ground or among mosses or fallen leaves. In drier weather it is still plentiful in swamps and wet, shaded places, and in sphagnous marshes. It some- times grows on decaying wood. It is also as variable as it is common. Gillet has described the following varieties.
Var. cinnamomeus. Pileus cinnamon-red, subshining ; stem stuffed, then hollow; taste mild, becoming slightly acrid or bitter.
Var. rufus. Pileus dull chestnut-red, becoming more concave; stem spongy ; taste mild.
Var. badius. Pileus bay-red, shining as if varnished, with an obtuse disk and an inflexed, elegently crenulate margin , stem very glabrous, hollow.
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 133
The first and second varieties have occurred within our limits. The first also has the-stem elastic and furnished with a whitish or grayish to- mentum or strigose villosity at the base, when growing among moss in swamps. A form occurred in Sandlake, in which some of the speci- mens were proliferous. The umbo had developed into a minute pileus. With us the prevailing color of the pileus is yellowish-red or cinnamon- red. Sometimes the color is almost the same as that of L. volemus and L. hygrophoroides, and again it is a tan color or a bay-red, asin L. camphoratus, from which such specimens are scarcely separable, except by their lack of odor. In young plants the pileus usually has a moist appearance, which is sometimes retained in maturity. Cordier pronoun- ces the species edible, and says that he has tested it several times with- out inconvenience.
Lactarius paludinellus, x. sp Little marsh Lactarius.
Pileus thin, plane or slightly depressed, striatulate on the margin, glabrous, generally with a small blackish umbo or papilla, at first dingy brown, becoming paler with age ; \amelle moderately close, adnate or slightly decurrent, cream colored ; stem nearly equal, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, with a white strigose-villosity at the base, paler than or colored like the pileus ; spores .0003 to .00035 in.; milk white, taste mild.
Pileus 6 to r2 lines broad, stem 10 to 18 lines long, 1.5 to 2 thick.
Among sphagnum, in shaded marshes. Sandlake. August.
A small and rare species, related to but distinct from L. swblucis by its brownish expellent pileus and striatulate margin.
NEW YORK SPECIES OF PLUTEUS. PLUTEUS, J’.
Hymenophorum distinct from the fleshy or fleshy-fibrous stem , lam- ella rounded behind, free, at first crowded, white or yellowish, then flesh-colored ; annulus and volva none.
The Plutei, in the pink-spored series of Agarics, correspond very nearly in structure to the Lepiote in the white-spored series. They differ from the Lepiote in having no annulus ; and by its absence they are distinguished from the Annulariz of their own series, and by the absence of a volva, from the Volvariz. By their free lamellze they are readily separated from all other pink-spored Agarics. The species are generally of medium or moderately small size. Nearly all inhabit decay- . ing wood in groves or in the shades of forests, but the common Fawn Agaric, P. cervinus, is often found on old stumps in open situations where it is exposed to the full light of the sun. The pileus may be floccose-fibrillose, pruinose-pulverulent or glabrous, and by these char- acters Fries has separated the species into three groups. In some species the central part of the pileus is more or less rugose-wrinkled or uneven. The lamellz are at first compactly crowded (coherent) very
134 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
much as in some species of Coprini, and in some species they are apt to become moist or almost deliquescent, especially in damp weather. Their color is generally white or yellowish-white when young, but they soon asssume the salmon hue of the spores. They generally yield these readily and in great abundance. The spores, in our species, are even, with a single exception, and generally subglobose or broadly elliptical.
None of the species are very abundant with us and none are classed as edible.
Synopsis of the Species.
Piles glabrous <'-% «|. -< mei 6 view stele b's ces de on « oe I
Pileus not glabrous: .f0 ics + s0 12 Gees +s ee sel ols ce 2
2 Pileus white < 2.000002 56/5604 us oein.0 b 2 oe siee 0 ee 3
2 Pileus not white... 5. .:.-,- 2.52 ..s25<+e= sas) Geen 5
3 The margin not surpassing the lamelle....... Mn 4
3 The thin margin surpassing the lamellz...... .....Sterilomarginatus.,
4 Stem glabrous or merely fibrillose (partly)............ cervinus.
4 Stem pubescent or subtomentose ............-. tomentosulus.
5 Pileus even or rarely with short marginal striations............ 6 5 Pileus with long marginal striations ............ .-. .longistriatus. «
6 Pileus fibrillose or villose on the disk.......08 .sseceseue 4
6 Pileus pulverulent pruinose or granulose ...........----- 8
7 Lamelle concolorous on the edge (partly) .........++..-- cervinus.
7 Lamellz darker-colored on the edge......--eeesseeeeees umbrosus.
$ Stem velvety-pubescent ....016 20.0 ¢ 2). cis sine «et ode granularis.
S Stem slahrousyss os oi 16 sige js srers bw peyele ayes ieee «+0 @ eRaRUS.
z Pileus even (parthy)s .. 5-5 <aicinss se Secs Soo ee cervinus.
1 Pileus striate on the margins...) deed. ss de = eee leoninus.
1 Pileus rugose-reticulate on the disk........ ..+-eeseee .admirabilis.
Pluteus cervinus, Scheff. Fawn-colored Agaric. Fawn Pluteus.
Pileus fleshy, at first campanulate, then convex or expanded, even, glabrous, generally becoming fibrillose or slightly floccose-villose on the disk, occasionally rimose, variable in color; lamelle broad, somewhat ventricose, at first whitish, then flesh-colored; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, firm. solid, fibrillose or subglabrous, variable in color; spores broadly elliptical, .co025 to. 00032 in. long, .coo2 to .o0025 broad.
Plant 2 to 6 inches high, pileus 2 to 4 broad, stem 3 to 6 lines thick.
Decaying wood in groves, borders of woods and open places.
This species, with us, is very common and very variable, yet it is not abundant. Usually but one or two specimens are found at atime, It grows especially on or about old stumps and prostrate trunks and may be found in wet weather from May to October.
The typical form has the pileus and stem of a dingy or brown color and adorned with blackish fibrils, but specimens occur with the pileus white, yellowish, cinereous, grayish-brown or blackish-brown, I have never seen it of atruecervine color. It is sometimes quite glabrous and smooth to the touch and in wet weather it is even slightly viscid. It also occurs somewhat floccose-villose on the disk, and the disk, though usually plane or obtuse, is occasionally slightly prominent or subumbonate. The form with the surface of the pileus longitudinally rimose or chinky is probably
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 135
due to meteorological conditions. The lamelle, though at first crowded, become more lax with the expansion of the pileus. They are generally a little broader toward the marginal than toward the inner extremity. Their tendency to deliquesce is often shown by their wetting the paper on which the pileus has been placed for the purpose of catching the spores. The stem is usually somewhat fibrous and striated but forms occur in which it is even and glabrous. When growing from the sides of stumps and prostrate trunks it is apt to be curved. Two forms deserve varietal distinction.
Var. albus. Pileus and stem white or whitish.
Var. albypes. Pileus cinereous yellowish or brown; stem white or whitish, destitute of blackish fibrils.
In Europe there are three or four forms which have been designated as species under the names A. ragens, A. patricius, A. exvmius and Ay petasatus, but Fries gives them as varieties or subspecies of A. cervinus, though admitting that they are easily distinguished. None of these have occurred in our State. A. atricapillus, Batsch., A. latus, Bolt., A, Pluteus, Pers., and A. Neesvi, Kl., are given as synonyms of A. cervinus.
Pluteus umbrosus, Pers. Shade-loving Agaric. Brown Pluteus.
Pileus fleshy, at first campanulate, then convex or expanded, rugose wrinkled and more or less villose on the disk, fimbriate on the margin, blackish-brown ; lamellez broad, somewhat ventricose, at first whitish, then flesh- colored, blackish-brown and fimbriate or denticulate on the edge ; stem solid, colored like or paler than the pileus, fibrillose or villose-squamose ; spores elliptical, .co03 in. long, .ooo2 broad.
Decaying wood and stumps, especially of pine, both in shaded and open places. Not rare.
This is similar in size and general appearance to the preceding species, from which it is readily distinguished by the rugose-villose disk of ths pileus and the dark brown edge of the lamellae. The color of the pileue is usually darker than in that species. I have not seen it with the mar- gin fimbriate, though this is a prominent character of the species in Europe.
Pluteus granularis, Peck. Granular Pluteus.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, subumbonate, rugose-wrinkled, granu- lose or granulose-villose, varying in color from ‘yellow to brown ; lamel- le rather broad, crowded, ventricose, whitish, then flesh- colored ; stem equal, solid, colored like the pileus, often paler at the top, velvety. pubescent, rarely squamulose ; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical,
-00025 to .0003 in. long, .o002 to .o0025 broad.
Plant 1.5 to 3 inches high, pileus 1 to 2 inches broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Decaying wood and prostrate trunks in woods. Hilly and mountain- ous districts. June to September.
The species is closely related to the two preceding, but is readily dis- tinguished from them by the peculiar vesture of the pileus and stem.
136 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
The granules are so minute and so close that they form a sort of plush on the pileus, more dense on the disk and radiating wrinkles than else- where. The clothing of the stem is finer, and has a velvety-pubescent appearance, but in some instances it breaks up into small scales or squam- ules. The color of the pileus and stem is usually some shade of yellow or brown, but occasionally a grayish hue predominates. The darker color of the granules imparts a dingy or smoky tinge to the gen- eral color. -The disk is often darker than the rest of the pileus.
Pluteus nanus, Pers. Dwarf Agaric. Mealy Pluteus.
Pileus somewhat fleshy, thin, convex or nearly plane, obtuse, rugulose, pulverulent or dingy-pruinose, brown ; lamellz close, ventricose, white or yellowish, then flesh-colored ; stem equal, solid, firm, striate, gla- brous, white or yellowish; spores subglobose, .cooz to .c0025 in. long.
Plant about 1 inch high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 line thick.
Decaying wood and sticks. Not common nor abundant when it does occur. July to September.
The small size, dingy-mealy or pulverulent pileus and small subglo- bose spores are characteristic of this species. Small specimens some- times have the margin of the pileus slightly striate. Large specimens may be distinguished from small forms of the preceding species by the glabrous stem. The European variety lutescens, which has the stem and lamelle yellowish, has not yet been observed in our State. Agart- cus pyrrhospermus, Bull. is given as a synonym.
Pluteus tomentosulus, Peck. Woolly Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, subumbonate, mnutely villose or squamulose-tomentose, white ; lamelle rather broad, rounded behind, crowded, white then flesh-colored; stem equal, solid, striate, slightly pubescent or subtomentose, white; spores subglobose or broadly ellip- tical, .00025 to. 00032 in. long, .ooo25 broad, generally containing a single large nucleus.
Plant 2 to 5 inches high, pileus 1 to 3 inches broad, stem 2 to 4 lines thick. -
Decaying wood and prostrate trunks. Catskill mountains and Ganse- © voort. July and August.
This rare but beautiful species appears to be the American analogue of the European. P. pellitws, Pers., which differs in its silky pileus and glabrous stem. The entire plant, when young, is pure white, but with advancing age the lamellz assume the usual pinkish hue and the margin of the pileus is sometimes tinged with the same color.
Pluteus sterilomarginatus, Peck. Sterile-margined Agaric.
Pileus thin, broadly convex or expanded, with a minute close-pressed tomentum, pinkish-white, the thin margin extending beyond the lamelle ; lamellez close, subventricose, minutely eroded on the edge, tapering
REPORT OF THE STATE BOTANIST. 137
toward the outer extremity, pale flesh-colored ; stem short, equal, solid, glabrous, straight or curved, whitish ; spores swbglobose, angular, .oo025 in. broad, usually containing a single central nucleus.
Plant about 1 inch high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem .5 to 1 line thick.
Decaying trunks and sticks in woods. Portville. September.
This rare species has been found but once. It is much smaller and more delicate than the preceding, and easily distinguished by its thin margin projecting beyond the lamelle and by .the character of the spores. The pileus sometimes cracks in areas, and then it has the ap- pearance of being coated with a thin, scaly paste.
Pluteus longistriatus, Peck. Striated Pluteus.
Pileus thin, convex or expanded, dry, striate to the disk, cinereous or whitish, the disk often darker than the margin and minutely squamu- lose or hairy; lamelle broad, ventricose, white, then flesh-colored ; stem equal, glabrous, white ; spores globose, .0003 in. broad.
Plant about 2 inches high, pileus 1 to 1.5 broad, stem about 1 line thick.
Decaying wood. Albany. July.
This species is well marked by the long striations of the pileus. It was discovered in one of the streets of Albany in 1876, but has not been observed since that time. The spores at first sight appear globose, but there is a depression on one side that gives them an orbicular or saucer
shape.
Pluteus leoninus, Scheff. Lion-colored Agaric. Yellow Pluteus.
Pileus thin, campanulate, then convex or expanded, even, glabrous, moist or subhygrophanous, striate on the margin, yellow or reddish- yellow ; lamellz rather broad, rounded behind, yellowish or yellowish on the edge, then flesh-colored ; stem equal, sold, slightly striate, white or yellowish , spores broadly elliptical, .o0028 to .o0032 in. long, .o0025 broad.
Plant about 2 inches high, pileus 1 to 2 inches broad, stem 2 to 3 lines thick.
Decaying wood in forests. Adirondack mountains. August
This is a very rare species in our State. Its glabrous pileus and yel- lowish color distinguish it from all the foregoing species, its even pileus and solid stem, from the next following species.
Pluteus admirabilis, Peck. Admirable Pluteus.
‘ Pileus thin, convex or expanded, generally broadly umbonate, gla- brous, rugose-reticulated, moist or hygrophanous, striatulate on the margin when moist, often obscurely striate when dry, yellow or brown ; lamelle close, broad, rounded behind, ventricose, whitish or yellowish, then flesh-colored ; stem slender, glabrous, hollow, equal or slightly
18
138 THIRTY-EIGHTH REPORT ON THE STATE MUSEUM.
thickened at the base, yellow or yellowish-white, with a white mycelium; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .o0025 to .o003 in. long, .c0025 broad.
Var. fuscus. Pileus brown or yellowish-brown.
Plant 1 to 2 inches high, pileus 6 to ro lines broad, stem .5 ot 1 line thick.
Decaying wood and prostrate trunks in forests. Common in hilly and mountainous districts. July to September.”
This beautiful Pluteus is closely related to P. chrysophlebius, B. & R., a southern species, which, according to the description, has the veins of the pileus darker colored than the rest of the surface and the stem en- larged above and hairy at the base, characters not shown by our plant. It is also similar to the European P. chrysopheus, Scheff., but accord- ing to Fries that species is larger and has a more even pileus, which is constantly cinnamon-colored. The variety, which grows with the typi- cal form, sometimes on the same prostrate trunk with it, differs only in color, and forms a connecting link between this species and the Euro- pean, P. phlebophorus, Ditm., from which it is scarcely distinguish- able, except by its smaller size, hygrophanous character and striatulate margin. Indeed all the species, together with P. leoninus, Scheff., differ from each other by such slight characters that their separation is unsatisfactory. It is quite possible that when the range of their varia- tions is more fully investigated they will be found to constitute a single comprehensive and very variable species. Inour plant small young specimens sometimes have the stem solid, but when fully developed it is hollow, though the cavity is small. This character, with its small size, distinguishes it from P. leoninus.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
CERCOSPORA COMARI, Peck.
A leaflet spotted by the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Two spores, X 400.
HADROTRICHUM LINEARE, Peck.
Upper part of a leaf bearing linear patches of the fungus. A tuft of five flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Five spores, x 400.
ENTYLOMA SANICUL&, Peck.
A leaflet spotted by the fungus. Five spores, x 400. Four conidia, x 400.
CYLINDROSPORIUM VERATRINUM, S. & W.
Upper part of a leaf bearing linear patches of the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Two spores, x 400.
RAMULARIA OXALIDIS, Far.
A leaflet spotted by the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 4oo. Five spores, x 400.
RAMULARIA DIERVILLA, Peck.
Upper part of a leaf spotted by the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Six spores, two of them united end to end, x 4oo.
RAMULARIA PRINI, Peck.
A leaf spotted by the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Five spores, x 400.
State Mus Nat. Hist 38. Plate 1.
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rut dao a + a aS y (SSID AG & taal el) eo AUT Lo : Pe iar ak | he a7 fe ee) iY ! at es eee Pips! WA wt tee wh. , Pai Podee Dota a Bh o Ad WAR 10) ALA ee
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE Ti.
OVULARIA MONILOIDES, #. & M.
A leaf spotted by the fungus.
A branchlet with the central part frosted by the fungus. A tuft of four flocci, two of them bearing spores, x 400. Seven spores, X 400.
AGARICUS (INOCYBE) COMATELLUS, Peck.
Four plants of usual size.
Vertical section of a pileus and the upper part of its stem. A cystidium, x 400.
Five spores, Xx 400,
ASCOCHYTA COLORATA, Peck.
A leaflet spotted by the fungus. Five spores, x 400.
ASTERINA NUDA, Peck.
Tip of a branchlet with three fungus bearing leaves. A leaf showing the fungus on the lower surface, magnified. A leaf showing the fungus on the upper surface, magnified. An ascus containing spores, X 400. Four spores, X 400,
LEPTOSPH-ERIA LYCOPODIICOLA, Peck.
Piece of a branch bearing the fungus.
A perithecium and its matrix, magnified.
Two paraphyses and an ascus containing spores, x 400. Four spores, xX 400.
LEPTOSPHERIA CORALLORHIZ&, Peck.
Piece of a stem, bearing the fungus.
A perithecium and its matrix, magnified.
A paraphysis and two asci containing spores, x 400. Four spores, xX 400,
METASPHERIA MYRICA&, Peck.
Piece of a branch bearing the fungus.
A perithecium and its matrix, magnified, An ascus containing spores, xX 400, Three spores, x 400.
CRYPTOSPORA CARY, Peck.
Piece of a branch bearing the fungus. A pustule and its matrix, magnified. An ascus containing spores, x 400. Three spores, x 400.
State Mus Nat. Hist. 38
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iether ryousise epi sett y, yaad “5 it; ter sit ibys Tce Epa es Tila sith ease,
parr trige Sk Ren een. Leb ay OR ih ab ( . : i She Fy bn <Ke : OR NC iy Cae ie isi Wed os
PAS Crane yee re Pen D Pee ater apie Petraes EVA Ee aS
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saute SOseS pa Bern te gerneye it oi jai
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; 5 | : ; eae Ee ai) ats a tA w 4 Yeu?’ : | ‘ r 1 : ) oH ee A é eae , hee
7
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HXPEANATION OF PIATE- 17.
APPENDICULARIA ENTOMOPHILA, Peck.
Leg of a fly bearing the fungus, magnified.
A perithecium and its appendages more highly magnified.
Tip of the perithecial rostrum with spores escaping from its apex, X 400.
Three spores, x 400.
SPHROGRAPHIUM HYSTRICINUM, Sace.
Piece of bark bearing the fungus. A perithecium with spores escaping from its apex, magnified. Four spores, x 400.
ASCOCHYTA CASSANDR&, Peck.
A leaf spotted by the fungus. A perithecium and its matrix, magnified. Five spores, X 400,
VENTURIA CASSANDRA&, Peck.
A leaf spotted by the fungus. Two perithecia, magnified.
An ascus containing spores, x 400. Four spores, xX 400.
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No. 104.] » 99
proper exhibition of the collections on hand and to provide for a moderate increase. Area occupied by duplicates which are mainly in drawers, 15,000 square feet. Number of drawers in State Museum................. 2 Oe Number of drawers occupied by specimens belonging to
the State and arranged in private museum and working
Remit ae S La. 6) Shs. 2 65 ie pla ailafnlh eysy ena to) olen dra alas 3,200
Two-thirds of these drawers may be regarded as occupied by duplicate collections. In addition to the specimens in drawers there are largeslabs and masses of corals which occupy an area equal to 1,000 drawers.
Besides the rooms for collections, there should be provided a room for a scientific library, which for the present could be jimited to an area of 900 or 1,000 square feet with provision for increase in the future.
Worxrne Rooms.— For the Botanist a working-room of 18 x 25 feet would suffice, with adjacent room for the collections, of 25 x 80 feet.
For the general collections in Zodlogy a room for work and study of 20x 25 feet, a preparatory room, as a work-room, with water, tanks, etc., 25 x 30 feet.
GroLogy AND PaLzontotocy. — A receiving-room with space for library in use of 25 x 30 feet and adjacent to a room of 30x 40 feet furnished with at least 1,000 drawers to contain the collections under investigation and comparisun.
Also a wook-room with tables and appliances for cleaning, ticket- ing and preparing specimens for study and arrangement. This room should, if possible, be adjacent to a lathe-room, with machinery for cutting and polishing specimens. These two rooms would require an area of at least 1,200 square feet.
For general storage of minerals, geological specimens and fossils preparatory to a distribution of the duplicates, a room of 35 x 45 or 40 x 50 feet, with drawers, to contain the specimens and conven- iences necessary for the arranging, labeling and packing specimens.
StupEnts’ Rooms. — Rooms should be provided for students in special branches of scientific study, since the increased attention to science will soon demand such conveniences. These would require an area of 10,000 feet of floor space.
If the building be fire-proof the typical collections may be arranged in the same rooms, but in separate cases, with the general collections of the same department.
Considering the condition of the building now occupied by the State Museum, the committee regard it as very important to secure, as soon as possible, rooms for the typical collections in some fire- proof building. The area required would be 30 x 40 feet.
Drirecror’s Room.— A small room as a private office for con- ference, consultation and correspondence should be provided for the Director of the Museum.
eh. 34 Regent? Report
REPORT OF THE BOTANIST.
To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York:
GerNnTLEMEN —I have the honor of communicating to you the following statement of the work of the Botanist for 1885 ;
In the prosecution of the work on the State Herbarium, specimens of plants have been collected in the counties of Albany, Essex, Genesee, Herkimer, Orange, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, and Ulster. Of the collected specimens, those representing one hundred and ninety-eight species have been prepared, mounted and added to the Herbarium. Of these, one hundred and fourteen species were not before represented therein. The remaining eighty-four species are illustrated more completely and satisfactorily by the added specimens. ;
Specimens have been received from nineteen contributors.’ A large number of these represent extra-limital species of fungi, but among those from this State are six species new to the Herbarium, and not among my collections of the past season. The whole num- ber of added species, both collected and contributed, is two hundred and ten; the whole number new to the Herbarium is one hundred and tweuty. A list of the names of the added species is marked (A). <A list of the names of the contributors and their respective contributions is marked (DB). 4
Descriptions of forty-two species of fungi, which are deemed new or hitherto unpublished, have been prepared. A part of these have been illustrated by two plates of drawings. The descriptions of new species, together with a record of the occurrence and locality of others new to our flora, are in a part of the report marked (C).
A record of observations on common or well-known species not new to our flora is marked (D). It has reference to any thing peculiar, interesting, or instructive in the variation, distribution, behavior or habitat of the plant. Sometimes useful hints may be obtained by such observations. For example, a variety of the common blueberry, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, was noticed on the summit of one of the mountains in the northern part of Saratoga county. Its fruit was black and shining, destitute of bloom, very large, sweet, juicy and pleasant flavored. It grew in compact clusters at. the ends of the branches, and could be easily and rapidly picked. Such a susceptibility to variation and improvement in the fruit of this plant, in its natural and wild condition, indicates for it a peculiar value and a possibility of usefulness under cultivation and domestication,
4
[AsseMBLY, No. 104. ] 31
An interesting point in the behavior of some of our pulpy-fruited trees and shrubs the past season, and one that seems worthy of record, is their great productiveness. In this part of the State wild- cherry trees, cornel bushes, viburnums, wild gooseberry bushes, various blueberry bushes and the shadbush were all observed heavily Jaden with fruit. In the Adirondack region the crop of Canadian blueberries ( Vaceiniwm Canadense) was remarkable both for its abundance and for the large size and fine quality of the berries. In the Albany market the fruit of theshadbush (Amelanchier Cana- densis) was offered for sale under the name ‘* blueberries, ” its very abundance, apparently, having prompted the attempt to introduce it, The name given it, however, was scarcely appropriate, since there is nothing in its botanical relations or in its color suggestive of it. This unusual fruitfulness extended in some instances to culti- vated fruit trees. For example, pears were never more plentiful nor cheaper in ovr markets than in the season just passed. The cause of this exceptional productiveness is apparently, to a great extent, cli- matic, yet it is interesting to trace effects to causes, even when the latter are beyond our control. Inthe eastern and northern part of the State, at the time when these fruit trees and shrubs were in flower, there was almost continuous fair weather with little or no rain. This was favorable to the extensive pollenization of. the flowers. Insects could ply their vocation and earry pollen from flower to flower, day after day, without interruption or hindrance. The conseauence was the young fruit set in abundance. This was followed later in the season by frequent showers and generous rains, which afforded the necessary moisture for the proper and full development of the fruit. Possibly the late and severe frosts of the spring of 1884 may have contributed something toward this result, by diminishing the fruitfulness of that year, and thus leaving the trees and shrubs in a more vigorous condition this year, and, therefore, more capable of perfecting an abundant crop.
In pursuance of the plan of giving, from time to time, mono- graphs of certain groups or genera of our Agaricini, descriptions have been written of the New York species of the genera Pleurotus, Claudopus and Crepidotus. To these genera belong such Agaries, mostly wood-inhabiting, as are either wholly destitute of a stem or have it lateral or eccentric. The spore characters have been given in all cases. The great importance of this in the descriptions of Agarics will readily be seen in some of the species now described. Thus Pleurotus spathulatus, the Spathulate Agaric, and Pleurotus petaloides, the Petal-like Agaric, have generally been considered one and the same species, probably through neglect of the spore characters. But it seems to me that any one examining the spores of the two forms will at once pronounce them distinct. The general neglect of the spore characters of Agarics by European authors is much to be regretted and is often the source of much perplexity in the identification of our species. The descriptions of the species of the three genera mentioned are marked (E),
32 = [ ASSEMBLY
The Herbarium has been removed from Geological Hall to State Hall. It now occupies a room on the second floor of the building and is in more commodious quarters than before.
Thanks are due to the correspondents and botanists who have aided me in the prosecution of my botanical work, both by the con- tribution of specimens and of information.
Very respectfully submitted, CHAS. H. PECK.
Aupany, December 31, 1885.
No. 104. ] | 33
(A.) PLANTS MOUNTED.
New to the Herbarium.
Solidago speciosa Nutt. Betulanigra /. Cypripedium candidum Muh. Eragrostis Frankii Jeyer. Agaricus lascivus F’. rubescentifolius Pk. cerussatus 7. amplus Pers. esculentoides Pk. fuscolilacinus Pk. amabillissimus Pk. spathulatus Pers. atropellitus Px. pascuensis Pk. fuscogriseéllus Pk. formosus F7. depluens F’. marginatus Batsch, unicolor Fr. blattarius Fr. calamistratus Fr. eutheles B. & Br. alnicola Fr. elatior Pk. croceitinctus Pk. Cortinarius arenatus F’. Hygrophorus pudorinus F7. Russula crustosa Pk. Boletus subaureus Pk. B. flavipes Pk. Polyporus confluens Fr. Hydnum geogenium Ff’. H. farinaceum Pers. Grandinia granulosa Fr. Corticium puteanum Fr.
; radiosum /’r. C. cinerascens Berk. Clavaria circinans Pk. C. gracilis Pers. 5 OF byssiseda Pers. Tremella pinicola Pk. Siphoptychium Caspari Rostf. Phyllosticta Mitelle Ph.
Hamamelidis Pk. Dendrophoma Tilize Ph. Cephalanthi Ph.
Le intermedia Sacc. Phoma aquilina S. & P.
PPP PP > E> E> > b> bb bb bbb
BP: strobiligena Desm. EE sordida Sace
1 Phillipsiana S. & R. Lea Clintonii Pk.
‘Ee Majanthemi Pk. Spheropsis tiliacea Pk.
S. Lindere Pk.
8. Juniperi Pk.
[Assem. Doc. No. 104.]
Spheeropsis pallida Ph. 8. spheerospora Pk. S. maculans Pk, Coniothyrium Staphyleze Pk. Vermiculari uncinata B. & C. Septoria oleandrina Sace. Osmorrhize Pk. lineolata S, & 8. graminum Desm. Rhabdospora Xanthii Pk. pleosporoides Sace. Phlyeteona septorioides Sace. Pt complanata Sace. Diplodina Ellisii Sace. Zythia ovata Pk. Thyrsidium Micheneri Sace. Marsonia Martini S. & #. Coryneum compactum B. & Br. Pestalozzia Saccardoi Speg. consocia Pk. R: sorBosnerns Pk. Uredo Ledi A. & S Puccinia hastata Oke.
Ld
yn Tn
Gymnosporangium clavarieforme D. C.
Periconia pycnospora Fes. Sporodinia grandis Lk. IHosporium humigenum P. & 8. Monilia Peckiana 8. & V. Ramulari Geranii Fek/. Saprolegnia ferax Autz. Geoglossum viscosum Pers. Leotia marcida Pers. Godronia Cassandre Ph. Tympanis saligna Tode. Stictis Saccardoi Rehm. Lichenopsis spheroboloidea Sehw. Ascomyces extensus Pk, Microspheria Ceanothi Pk Valsa rhoophila (. & £. Vv. glandulosa Cke. V. cenisia Del. Lestadia Hsculi Ph. Rosellinia ambigua Sace. mastoidea Sace. Hypoxylon semiimmersum JVits. Spherella maculosa Sace. macularis Awersio. Lycopodii Pk. Diaporthe Carpini Fekl. Robergeana Viessl. galericulata Sace. Neillize Pk. marginalis Pk. sparsa Pk. Didymospheria bacchans Pass. Leptospheria Typharum Kurst. L. Kalmize Pk. Zignoella diaphana Sace.
5)
gO SESS
Pyrenophora relicina Succ. Cryptospora Tilie Vv. Hypocrea fungicola Karst. Pleonectria Berolinensis Sace.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus acris ZL. multifidus Ph.
Actzea alba Bigel.
A. rubra Mz.
Arabis lyrata L.
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Camelina sativa Crantz.
Amelanchier Canadensis 7. & G.
Potentilla Canadensis L.
Pryus arbutifolia Z.
Ribes rubrum ZL.
R. rotundifolium Mz.
R. hirtellum Mz.
Thaspium aureum Vuft.
Cornus paniculata ZL’ der.
Lonicera oblongifolia. MWuhl.
Petasites palmata Gr.
Senecio aureus L.
Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum Lam.
Castilleia coccinea Spreng.
Gratiola aurea Muhl.
Echium vulgare L.
Hydrophyllum Virginicum ZL.
Menyanthes trifoliata L.
Apocynum androsemifolium JL. .
Asclepias obtusifolius Mz. tuberosa L.
Chenopodium album JZ.
Atriplex patula ZL.
Amarantus blitoides Wats
A. hypochondriacus L.
Euphorbia Peplus Z.
Celtis occidentalis L.;
Morus alba JL.
Alnus viridis D.C.
Salix longifolia Mui.
Populus monilifera A/7t.
133 balsamifera L. Abies nigra Poir. A. balsamea Marsh.
Juniperus sabina L. Arisema triphyllum Torr.
Bae. Se
[ ASSEMBLY
Orontium aquaticum L. Triglochin maritimum JZ. Cypripedium acaule Ait.
C. pubescens Willd. C. parviflorum Salisb. Liparis Leselii Rich.
Uvularia grandiflora Sm.
: sessilifolia L. Streptopus roseus Mz. Fimbristylis capillaris Gr. Cyperus cylindricus Britton. Carex gynocrates Wormsk.
C. — sterilis Willd.
C: canescens JL.
C. pedunculata Muh.
C. Emmonsii Dew. ; C. gynandra Schvo.
C. _pseudocyperus ZL. Festuca elatior Z.
Osmunda regalis ZL. Agaricus Austinii P&.
A. sapidus Kalehb. Lentinus strigosus Schw. Marasmius androsaceus Fr. Trogia crispa Fr.
Polporus Vaillantii Fr. biformis Fr. adustus Fr. applanatus Fr. fomentarius Fr. pinicola Fr. betulinus Fr. albellus Pk. chioneus F’.
Irpex cinmamomeus Fr. Hydnum mucidum Pers. Stereum versiforme B. & @. S. spadiceum Fr.
Ss. versicolor Fr. Clavaria pyxidata Pers. Spheronema pruinosum P&. Puccinia Calthe Lk. Ustilago Junci Schw. Fusicladium dendriticum Wallr. Macrosporium Cheiranthi Fr. Glomerularia Corni Pk. Uncinula spiralis B. & C.
| | Metaspheria Peckii Suce.
sehaebnel telah sch Aaa]
(B.)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS,
Mrs. L, L. Goodrich, Syracuse, N. Y. Trillium grandiflorum Salish. var. variegatum Ph.
Miss E. G. Knight, New York, N
Fruit of Salisburia adiantifolia Sm.
Mrs. L. A. Millington, New Russia, N. Y.
Festuca elatior ZL.
No. 104.] 35
Mrs. M. M. Patten, Albany, N. Y. Pyxidanthera barbulata Mv.
Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Baldwinsville, N. Y.
Hydrocotyle umbellata ZL. | Cypripedium acaule A7t. Prof, F, Lamson Scribner, Washington, D. C. Bromus sterilis Z. Chloris verticillata Nutt. B. tectorum ZL. Deschampsia atropurpurea Wahl. Elymus Virginicus ZL. | Melica mutica Walt.
M. diffusa vy. nitens Serib. Setaria verticillata Bo.
Buchlee dactyloides Engl. Arundinaria tecta Muhl. Poa arachnifera TYorr.
F. E. Wood, Clifton, Mich.
Amelanchier Can.y.oligocarpa Gr. Betula glandulosa Mz. Artemisia frigida Wild. ? Calypso borealis Salish, Mertensia paniculat Don. Corallorhiza Macrei @r. Vaccinium myrtilloides Hook. Comandyra livida Rich. Castilleia pallida Avunth. Aspidium Lonchitis Sw.
Physalis grandiflora Hook.
W.C. Stevenson, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa. Puccinia Cryptotenie Pk.
E. S. Miller, Wading River, N. Y.
Crantzia lineata Vutt.
Geo. A. Rex, M. D., Philadelphia, Pa. Siphoptychium Casparya Rostf.
E. A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa.
‘Kcidium Dicentre Trelease. | Fusarium scolecoides S. & EZ. Za. tenue Sch. | Gonatobotrys maculicola Wéint. Gleeosporium betularum #4. & VM.
E. C. Howe, M. D., Lansingburgh, N. Y.
Solidago speciosa Nutt. | Carex siccata Dev.
Rumex Brittanica L. C. alopecoidea Tuckm. Trifolium hybridum JZ. C. scabrata Schi. Aster Tradescanti L. C. monile 7uckm.
Eragrostis Frankii Pursh.
H. C. Gordinier, Troy, N. Y.
Negundo aceroides Monch. Fedia radiata Mz. Patasites palmata (7. Solidago uliginosa Nutt. 8. Virg. v. alpina Bigel. Salix longifolia Muh. Nabalus nanus D. C. Carex Buxbaumii WaAl. Juncus pelocarpus Meyer. Trisetum subspicatum Bo. Aster ptarmicoides 7. & G.
Hieracium pilosella Z.
H. aurantiacum JZ, Statice Limonium JZ. Pogonia verticillata Nutt.
W. H. Kellerman, Manhattan, Kansas.
Polyporus picipes Fr. Hirneola auricula-Jude Berk. PR: adustus F7. Phyllosticta Podophylli Wint. ize fraxinophilus Pk. Le Labrusce Thum.
Merulius tremellosus Sehrad. Craterellus cornucopioides F’, Stereum frustulosum AF’,
Chenopodii West. Ampelopsidis #. & UM. smilacina #. & M.
BoB ae
Septoria Verbene R. & D. S. Cerastii R. & D.
s. Verbascicola B. & 0. Leptostroma vulgare Fr. L. Actaeze Schr.
Spheronema Persice Schuw. Vermicularia Dematium F*7. Darluca filum Cast. Phragmidium Potentille Pers. Puccinia nigrescens Pk. solida Schw. Menthe Pers. Silphii Sch. Sorghi Schw. Artemisiarum Duby. Polygonorum Lk. Mariz-Wilsoni Clinton Myrrhis Schw. Cherophylli Purt. Xanthii Scho. aculeata Scho. Tromy ces Lespedeze (Schw.) Hyperici Schw. appendiculata Lev. Ustilago segetum Lk. Roestelia lacerata Tal. AAcidium Caladii Schw.
fi. , Dicentre Tuel.
iil beaislvh:
iE. (Enothere Pk.
Zé. leucospermum JD. C. ZB. Ficarie Pers.
Uredo Smilacis Schw.
ie Agrimonie D. C.
We Alchemille Pers. Trichobasis Crotonis C ke. Coleosporium Sonchi Pers.
36 [ ASSEMBLY
Chrysomyxa pyrolatum Kenig. Synchy trium decipiens Farl. S: Taraxaci De By. Ss. Anemones Woron. Sporocybe byssoides F7. Macrosporium Maydis C. & £. M. Solani Z. & Helminthosporium gracile Walir. Pyricularia grisea Sace. Cercospora Gymnocladi #. & M. Cas Ampelopsidis Pk. Ramularia rufomaculans Pk. Cylindrosporium Fraxini #. & M. Peronospora gangliformis De By. Cystopus cubicus Lev. Botrytis vulgaris Berk. Peziza nivea Fr. Phacidium Medicaginis Lasch. Exoascus deformaus Feki. Podospheria tridactyla De By. Uncinula macrospora Pk. adunca Lev. Microspheria Euphorbie B. & C. Hyeeine Martii Len. lamprocarpa Lev. Suican Arthuriana Sace. Diatrype hypophlea B. & C. Rosellinia millegrana Scho. Hypoxylon atropunctatum Schw. H. Sassafras Scho. Gnomonia setacea C. & D. Melanomma pulvis-pyrius Fekl. Ophiobolus porphyrogonus Sace. Spherella maculeformis Pers. Phyllachora Trifolii Fekl.. Pleonectria denigrata Wint.
Hon. G. W. Clinton, Albany, N. Y.
*Rhabdospora pleosporoides Sace. Phoma Clintonii Pk. Illosporium humigenum P. & 8.
Lestadia Aisculi Pk. Morus alba Z.
Arthur Peck, Sandlake, N. Y.
Populus balsamifera L.
H. W. Harkness, M. D., San Francisco, Cal.
Montagnites Candollei Fr. Polyporus leucospongia C. & H. Thelephora Harknessii Ph. ook carneum B. & Cke. pactolinum (. & H. eerinla aciculosa H#. & H. Octaviana rosea Hk. Polyplocium Californicum Hk. Es inquinans Berk. Arcyria vitellina Ph. Cryptosporium Lupini ( ke. Chromosporium lateritium C. & ZH. Chetophoma atriella C. & H. ref quercifolia (ke. Septoria Aceris B. & Br. Morthiera Mespili Fk.
Marsonia Populi Desm.
M. Potentille S. & #. M. Neillie Hk. Glceosporium Pteridis Hk.
G. nervisequum Fvkl.
Septogloeum defolians JTk. Fraxini JTk. maculans Hk. Nuttallii Hk. iplodia lata C. & H. Eucalypti C. & #. Pittospori C. & H. millegrana 0. & H. Symphoricarpa C. & H. Sarothamni C. & Z. extensa C. & 4H.
Ant
i
SoyyoyEL
No. 104. |
peda Lupini C. & H. Amygdali C. & .
e maculata (. & H. D. Phoradendri Cke.
D. decorticata C. & E. Macrodiplodia Sambuci C xe.
M. Se Vize. Hendersonia Lupini (. : Harknessia Eucalypti ote. Pestalozzia Moorei Hk. Pp. anomala Hk. Dichomera Compositarum (. & 7. Phragmidium Fragarie D. C. Uromyces intricata Oke.
f Terebinthi D. C.
Ui: Nevadensis Hk. U. Spraguee Hk. We Chorizanthis #. & H.
Puccinia variolans Hk. evadens Hk. Symphoricarpi Hk. Harknessii Vize. Ginothere Vize. striata Che.
Solani Che.
Asari Lk. Sorosporium Californicum Hk. oy trium papillatum Feri.
Oe ere ee
pluriannulatum Far.
en pheenicis Por. Torula glutinosa CU. & H. Camptoum cuspidatum C. & H. Triposporium elegans Cd. Theclospora bifida Hh. Stigmina Platani Sace.
S. Thermopsi Hk. Chetopsis fusca Cd. Zygosporium oscheoides Mont. Helicosporium vegetum J. Chalaza setosa Hk.
C. fusidioides Cd. C: montellica Sace. C. brachyptera Sace.
Beltrania quernea Hk. Hemileia vastatrix B. & Br. Cercospora glomerata Hk. Didymaria spissa Hk. Dicranidion fragile Hk. Volutella Buxi Berk.
Helvella Californica Ph.
Peziza tautilla Ph. & H.
Pp: Escholtzie Ph. & H. EPs labrosa Ph. & H.
iB: spherophoroides Ph. & H. Phillipsiella purpurea Ph. & H. Belonidium fuscum Ph. & H. Cenangium ferruginosum 7, Phacidium Arbuti C. & H.
ie albidum Ph. & H. Pp: internum Ph. Rhytisma Arbuti Ph.
R. punctatum Fr.
37
Stictis Lupini Ph. & H. Megarrhize Ph. & TH. monilifera Ph. & H. pelvicula Ph. riblidium rufulum Spr. turgidulum Ph. & ZH. ysterium connivens C. & H. Eucalypti Ph. & . prominens Ph. & H. formosum Cke. Mulleri Duby. Ailographum acicolum Hk. reticulatum Ph. & H. Geopora Cooperi Hk. Spherotheca lanestris Hk. Asterina anomala C. & H. Capnodium heteromeles (. & ZH. Lasiobotrys affinis Hk. Valsa Lupini C. & HZ. V. _ agnostica C. & H. a ee prominens (. & H. disciformis F’7. Beet stigmateum Cke. Gnomonia Coryli Batsch. G. Alni Plow. Phomatospora Datisce Tk. Trabutia quercina S. & R. Botryospheria ambigua Sacce. Spherella Umbellularie C. & H. S. Dendromeconis C. é& H. Eriospheria investans Che. Diaporthe Lupini Hk. D. gorgonoidea C. & H. ELE ae decorticata C. & Z. dothideospora C. & H. v alsaria Eucalypti K. & C. Pevennnerg Ceanothi 0. & H. Ogilviensis B. & Br. a consessa (1. & E. L. Californica C. & H. Heptameria mesedema Sace. Massaria pulchra Hk. zr ospate vitrispora C. & H. compressa Hk. Thyridium Garrye C. & H. se tumulata Cke. conflicta Cke. confertissima Plo. epipteridis (. & H. anisometra C. & H. ialonectria filicina C. & H. depallens C. & H. Eucalypti C. & H. Thyronectria virens Hk. Acrospermum corrugatum ZI. Dothidea Sequoize C. &H. Ophiodothis tarda Hk. Plowrightia phyllogona Hk. 124 Calystegie C. & H. 1ey tuberculiformis HZ. Lophiostoma congregatum Hk.
aes
ergsciteel ssl oo her He
Soy rumn
38 [ ASSEMBLY
C. Vanderloo, Albany, N. Y.
Specimen of root with enlargement.
J. J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis. Cylindrosporium Rubi £. & MM.
George L. English, Philadelphia, Pa. Schizea pusilla Pwrsh.
(0) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
Solidago speciosa, Vv/t. Brunswick, Rensselaer county. £. C. Howe.
Eragrostis Frankii, Meyer. Center island near the railroad bridge at Troy. Howe.
Agaricus (Tricholoma) rubescentifolius, 1. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, subumbilicate, at first brown- ish, then smoky-yellow, sometimes obscurely squamulose; lamelle narrow, close, adnexed, cream y-white or pale yellow, becoming smoky- red in drying; stem glabrous or slightly fibrillose, hollow, pruinose at the top, colored like the pileus; spores minute, subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long.
Plant subeespitose, 1 to 1.5 in. high, pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1 to 2 lines thick.
Pine stumps. North Greenbush. Aug.
Agaricus lascivus, /7.,
Woods. Delmar. Sept. The plant is apparently a variety, being odorless and having the pileus almost white.
Agaricus cerussatus, /7, Thin woods. Karner. Sept.
Agaricus amplus, Pers. Sandy soil. Karner. Sept.
Agaricus (Collybia) fuscolilacinus, 7. sp.
Pilenus thin, convex, glabrous, hygrophanous, even and watery- brown when moist, lilac-brown and rugose when dry; lamellz close, ventricose, adnexed, brownish; stem slender, flexuous, hollow, col- ored like the pileus, mealy or pruinose at the top, with a whitish
No. 104.] 39
villosity at the base; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .C0016 to .0002 in. long.
Pileus 4 to 8 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, about 1 line thick.
Among moss and fallen leaves in open places in woods. Adiron- dack mountains. Aug.
The species should be referred to the section Tephrophane,
Agaricus (Collybia) esculentoides, 7. sp.
Pileus hemispherical or convex, umbilicate, glabrous, pale yellow- ish-brown ; lameilze moderately close, broad, thick, whitish ; stem slender, hollow, somewhat tenacious, colored like the pileus; spores elliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .0002 in. broad.
Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 2 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines thick.
Sandy soil. West Albany. Karner and Delmar. Sept.
This species resembles A. eseulentus in size and color, but it differs in its stem which is not radicated, and in its pileus which soon be- comes umbilicate or more or less centrally depressed. It has a bitter taste, a character attributed to <A. esculentus also. Our plant occurred in autumn, but A. esculentus is said to grow in early spring.
Agaricus (Mycena) amabillissimus, 7. sp.
Pileus submembranous, campanulate, obtuse or acute, glabrous, obscurely striatulate when moist, bright-red or scarlet; lamelle ascending, whitish or tinged with red; stem slender, pallid, subpel- lucid, with a white villosity at the base.
Pilens 3 to 6 lines broad and high; stem about 1 in. long.
Among mosses and ferns in marshes. Karner. Sept.
This species is closely related to A. acicwla of which it may possibly be a large form, but inasmuch as it differs not only in size but also in its longer and more conical or campanulate pileus and in its differently colored lamellze it seems best to keep it distinct.
Agaricus spathulatus, Pers. Ground. Sandlake. June.
Agaricus (Pleurotus) atropellitus.
Decaying wood and bark both of frondose and acerose trees. Maryland. Helderberg and Adirondack mountains. June to Oct.
Agaricus (Clitopilus) pascuensis, 7. sp.
Pileus fleshy, compact, centrally depressed, glabrous, pale-alutac- eous, the cuticle of the disk cracking into minute areas; lamelle rather narrow, close, decurrent, whitish, becoming flesh-colored ; stem short, equal or tapering downward, solid, glabrous, colored like the pileus; spores subelliptical, pale-incarnate, .0003 to .0004 in. long, -0002 to .00025 broad.
40 [ ASSEMBLY
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad, stem 8 to 18 lines long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Pastures. Day, Saratoga county. July.
The species is closely related to A. prunulus. It has a farinaceous taste but no odor. Its shorter spores, its pileus without any pruinosity and appearing slightly scaly on the disk and tinged with tan color will readily distinguish it from that species. A. prunulus grows in woods in autumn, this species in pastures in midsummer. It is solitary or gregarious.
Agaricus (Nolanea) fuscogriseéllus, 7. sp.
Pileus submembranous, convex, conic or campanulate, either with or without a central papilla, hygrophanous, grayish-brown, and striatulate when moist, paler and shining when dry, but the disk or papilla often remaining dark-colored; lamellz moderately close, subventricose, whitish, then flesh-colored ; stem slender, brittle, glab- rous, hollow, slightly pruinose, or mealy at the top, pallid or livid, with a white mycelium at the base; spores irregular, .0004 in. long, .0003 broad.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Mossy ground in open places. Adirondack mountains. Aug. This is more slender than A. pascwws to which it is related, and its stem is not fibrous and silky. 1
Agaricus formosus, /7.
Woods and open places, especially under brakes, Pterts aquilina. Adirondack mountains. Aug.
it closely resembles the very common A. asprellus, from which it may be distinguished by the yellowish hue of the pileus.
Agaricus depluens, F’r. Decaying wood. Catskill mountains. Gansevoort and Sterling. July and August. Agaricus marginatus, Batsch. Decaying wood. Guilderland. Sept.
Agaricus unicolor, /’r.
Decaying wood. Adirondack mountains. Aug. In color and size this species bears a striking resemblance to A. laccatus, but its habitat and the character of the spores readily distinguish it.
Agaricus blattarius, Fr. Woods. Adirondack mountains. Aug.
Agaricus. calamistratus, 7’. Damp ground. Delmar. Sept. Our specimens had no decided odor, but the essential characters of the species, including the peculiar bluish color toward the base of the stem, were present.
No. 104.] 41 ANY EN Agaricus eutheles, B. ¢ Br. Under pine trees. West Albany. Sept. In these specimens the
farinaceous odor attributed to the species was not observed, but the other characters were present.
I 4.
rink
Agaricus alnicola, /’7.
At the base of alders and on birchstumps. Delmar. Sept.
The American specimens have the bitter taste ascribed to the European plant. Theform found on birch stumps has the lamellee rounded behind, while that found at the base of alders has them adnate. The young plant has a noticeable annulus but it nearly or quite disappears with age.
Agaricus (Naucoria) elatior, 7. sp.
Pileus thin, at first conical or subcampanulate, then convex or nearly plane, glabrous, slightly viscid and striatulate on the margin when moist, livid or grayish-brown; lamellze broad, ventricose, dis- tant, whitish or livid, then dark-ferruginous, white on the edge; stem elongated, slender, hollow, flexuous, slightly fibrillose, pallid ; spores brownish-ferruginous, oblong-elliptical, .0007 to .0008 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad.
Pileus 5 to 10 lines broad, stem 3 to 5 in. long, about I line thick.
In sphagnum. Karner. Sept. Related to A. scorpioides.
Cortinarius arenatus, 7. Sandy soil under pine trees. Delmar. Sept. A form with longer stem and subconical pileus sometimes occurs in marshes among sphagnum.
Hygrophorus pudorinus, 7.
Pine woods. Delmar. Sept.
Our plant does not strictly agree with the description of the species to which we have referredit. The color of the pileus is darker in the eenter, where it is a brownish-red, but it fades toward the margin, where itis nearly white. The stem is not conspicuously contracted _at the apex, but in other respects it agrees so well with the descrip tion of A. pudorinus that it seems to us to belong to that species.
Russula crustosa, 7. sp.
Pilens at first convex, then nearly plane or centrally depressed, slightly viscid when moist, striate on the margin, brownish-yellow, greenish or subolivaceous, the cuticle cracking and forming small spot-like areolee or pseudo-verruce ; Jamellee nearly entire, some of them forked at the base, narrowed behind and nearly free, white ; stem cylindrical, stuffed or hollow, white; spores white, subglobose, .0003 to .00035 in. broad; flesh white, taste mild.
Pileus3to5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2.5 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick.
Rocky ground in thin woods. Day. July and Aug.
[Assem. Doc. No. 104.] 6
42 _ [AssEMBLY
This plant approaches 22. wruginea so closely, that it may be a question whether it is a distinct species or a mere variety. It differs in the breaking up of the cuticle and in having the disk generally paler instead of darker than the rest of the pileus. The cuticle usually remains entire on the disk, which is of a dingy yellowish hue, while toward the margin the color is greenish or smoky-green, though in some instances it also is yellowish or dirty straw-color. The greenish specimens so closely resemble /. virescens, that in a dry time they might easily be confused with that species. The viscid pileus and its striate margin will distinguish it. The lamellz are rather narrow anteriorly.
Boletus subaureus, 2. sp.
Pileus convex, becoming nearly plane, soft, viscose, pale-yellow or golden-yellow, sometimes mottled with darker spots or tufts of hairs, the young margin adorned with a slight grayish tomentum, flesh pale- yellow ; tubes subdecurrent, small, angular or subrotund, at first yel- low then ochraceous-yellow ; stem cylindrical, solid, glandular-punce- tate, yellow without and within; spores oblong-elliptical, .00035 to .0004 in. long; .00016 broad. 5
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad, stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 5 to 6 lines thick.
Woods. Day. July.
This species is intermediate between B. flavidus and B. granu- Jatus. It has the stout stem, thick pileus and general aspect of the latter, but the yellow color of the stem and young tubes connect it more closely with the former.
Boletus flavipes, 7. sp.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, dull-red, inclining to chestnut color; tubes nearly plane or convex, small, snbrotund, pale- yellow, becoming a little darker with age; stem cylindrical, solid, furfuraceous, pale-yellow ; spores oblong-fusiform, olivaceous, .0005 to .0006 in, long, .00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Pileus 1.5 to 2.5,in. broad, stem 2 to 3 in. long; 4 to 6 lines thick.
Woods. Caroga and South Ballston. July and Aug.
Polyporus confluens, /’7. Pine woods. New Scotland. Sept. Our specimens are not at all squamulose, and this character is not attributed to the species by al] authors. It is probable that it is not uniform in this respect.
Polyporus Schweinitzii, /’r. Pine woods, generally at or near the base of stumps and trees. West Albany. Sept. . P. hispidoides is a dimidiate form of this species, and not a va- riety of P.hispidus. {
No. 104.] 43
Hydnum geogenium, /7.
Woods. South Ballston. Aug.
I am not aware that this rare and interesting species has before been noticed in this country. According to Fries, the species is very variable, so much so that some specimens might be referred to the section Pleuropoda, others to Mesopoda, and others still to Apoda, to which the typical form belongs.
Hydnum farinaceum, Pers. Decaying wood of hemlock. Osceola. Aug.
Grandinia granulosa, 77.
Dead bark of alders. Karner. Sept.
A variable species, referred to Thelephora by Albertina and Schweinitz, to Hydnum by Persoon, and to Grandinia by Fries. Our specimens were whitish when fresh, but they become ochraceous or subalutaceous when old and dry. They are also rimose, thus answering to variety *7mosa Pers.
Corticium puteanum, /7. Decaying wood in swamps. Guilderland. Sept.
Corticium radiosum, /7. Decaying wood. Osceola. Aug.
Corticium cinerascens, Bers.
Dead branches of oak. Albany. Aug.
Our specimens are resupinate. The hymenium when moist was tuberculose and of a dingy hue; in the dry state it is cinereous and rimose. The spores are elliptical.
Clavaria circinans, 7. sp.
Stem short, solid, dichotomously or subverticillately branched ; branches slightly diverging or nearly parallel, nearly equal in length, the ultimate ones terminating in two or more short acute concolo- rous ramuli ; spores ochraceous.
Plant 1 to2 in. high, obconic in outline, flat topped, appearing almost as if truncated, pallid or almost whitish in color, generally growing in imperfect circles or curved lines.
Under spruce and balsam trees. Adirondack mountains. Aug.
Clavaria gracilis, Pers. Ground in open places, especially under brakes, Pteris aquilina. Adirondack mountains. The typical form has the branches numerous, nearly straight and slender, but forms occur in which they are thicker, more loose and flexuous. Such forms approach C. Awnzei in appearance, but they
44 [ ASSEMBLY
may be distinguished by their pallid stem, more tenacious substance and yellowish spores. The plant is slightly fragrant.
Clavaria byssiseda, Pers. Decaying wood twigs and bark in woods. Adirondack mountains: Aug. ‘ Easily known by its small size, pallid color, and abundant white creeping fibrillose mycelium.
Tremella pinicola, 2. sp.
Pulvyinate, gyrose-plicate, somewhat lobed and lacunose, raisin- colored when moist, blackish when dry, filaments slender, branched ;_ spores oblong, curved, colorless, .0005 in. long, .0002 broad.
Dead branches of pine. Day. July. It belongs to the section Cerebrina. .
Siphoptychium Casparyi, Post. Decaying wood. Lake Placid. Adirondack mountains. G. A. ex. Phyllosticta Mitelle, 7. sp.
Spots suborbicular, brown ; perithecia minute, .0025 to .003 in. broad, amphigenous, black; spores subglobose, colorless, .0002 to 00025 in. long. ‘
Living leaves of mitre-wort, Mitella diphylla. Newburgh. Sept.
Phyllosticta Hamamelidis, 7. sp.
Spots very large, sometimes occupying nearly half the leaf, irregu- lar, angular, reddish-brown above, paler beneath; perithecia small, .004 in. broad, amphigenous, black ; spores broadly elliptical, color- less, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00035 to .0004 broad, often containing a single large nucleus.
Living leaves of witch-hazel, Hamamelis Virginiana. Day. July.
Phoma aquilina, S. & P. Dead stems of ferns. West Albany. May.
Phoma Strobiligena, Desm. i Scales of pine cones. Albany. G. W. Clinton. Elizabethtown. May. ; Phoma sordida, Sacc. Hevesd branches of water beech, Carpinus Americana. Saugerties. May. ; Phoma Phillipsiana, S. é R. Dead branches of alders, Alnus viridis. Elizabethtown. May. The spores in our specimens do not fully agree with the description of the species. They are elliptical or oblong and somewhat variable and irregular, but the differences scarcely seem worthy of specific dis- tinction, Phoma Majanthemi, 7. sp. Perithcia minute, .007 to .010 in. broad, amphigenous, subglobose, prominent, black; spores oblong, subtruncate at each end, colorless,
No. 104.) _ 45
00025 to .0003 in. long, .00012 broad. Dead leaves of two-leaved Solomon’s seal, Majanthemum bifolium. FElizabethtown. May.
Phoma Clintonii, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, sunk in the wood, oblong or subhysteriiform, black; spores obleng-ovate, colorless, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .00016 broad, supported-on slender basidia.
Decorticated wood of horse-chestnut, sculus Hippocastanum. Albany. May. Clinton. ,
This is quite distinct from P. diplodioides, both in habit, form of perithecia and character of the spores.
Dendrophoma Cephalanthi, x. sp.
Perithecia small, .02 to .025 in. broad, erumpent, depressed, with a papillate ostiolum, black; spores abundant, straight or slightly curved, coloriess, .00016 to .0002 in. long; basidia very slender, branched above, .001 to .0015 in. long.
Dead branches of button bush, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Karner. Oct.
Dendrophoma Tilia, 7. sp.
Perithecia minute, scattered, erumpent, black, white within; spores oblong or subcylindrical, obtuse, colorless, .0006 to .001 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad; basidia filiform, branched.
_ Dead branches of «bass wood, Zilia Americana. Quaker Street. June. Vermicularia uncinata, B. & C.
Dead stems of Desmodium nudiflorum. Sandlake. June.
Cytispora intermedia, Sacc. Dead branches of oak, Quercus rubra. Albany. Apr.
Spheeropsis tiliacea, 7. sp.
Perithecia at first covered, then erumpent, subglobose or depressed, numerous, minute, .007 to .010 in. broad, opening by a minute pore, black; spores oblong or subelliptical, at first pale, then colored, .0007 to .0009 in. long, .0005 to .0006 broad ; sporophores scarcely as long as the spores.
Dead bark of basswood, Tilia Americana. Albany. Apr.
Spheropsis Lindere, x. sp.
Perithecia nnmerous, minute, .005 to .010 in. broad, erumpent, black, white within ; spores obvate or elliptical, at first pale, then colored, .0008 to .0011 in. long, .0005 to .0006 broad supported on sporophores shorter than themselves,
Dead branches of spice bush, Lindera benzoin. Albany. May.
Very near the preceding species.
Spheeropsis Juniperi, 2. sp. Perithecia gregarious, numerous, small,.008 to .011 in. broad, erum-
pent, black; spores oblong or elliptical, 0008 to .00095 in. long, -00045 to .0005 broad.
46 [ ASSEMBLY
Dead bark of red cedar, Juniperus Virginiana. West Albany May.
Spheropsis pallida, 2. sp.
Perithecia csspitose, erumpent, .011 to .013 in. broad, black ; spores subglobose, slightly colored, .0007 to .0008 in. long, .00065 to .00075 broad, containing one to three nuclei; sporophores very short.
Dead branches of sumac, Rhus typhina. Saugerties. May.
This fungus has the general appearance of S. Swmachi, but the perithecia are usually smaller than in that species, and the spores paler and of a different shape, being nearly globose.
Spheropsis Spherospora, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, minute, .006 to .007 in. broad, subglobose or depressed, at first covered by the epidermis, black, opening by a minute pore; spores globose or subovate, slightly colored, .0004 to .0005 in. long, usually containing a single large nucleus.
Dead stems of silk weed, Asclepias cornuti. Sandlake. June.
Spheropsis maculans, 7. sp.
Perithecia immersed in the matrix, .016 to .02 in. broad, black, with a papillate ostiolum; spores elliptical, colored, .0004 to -0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Dead decorticated branches. Adirondack mountains. May.
This is a peculiar and well-marked species. The perithecia are immersed in the wood which is stained black just about each peri- theciam. ‘The black ostiolum projects slightly above the surface of the wood.
Coniothyrium Staphylee, ». sp.
Perithecia minute, .007 to .011 in. broad, subglobose, slightly prom- inent, at first covered by the epidermis th umpent, black ; spores very minute, elliptical, slightly colored, .00016 in. long, .60012 broad.
Dead whitened twigs of Staphylea trifolia. Saugerties. May.
Septoria Osmorrhize, 7. sp.
Spots small, subangular or irregular, brown ; perithecia epiphyllons, .004 to.005 in. broad, slightly prominent, centrally depressed, reddish- brown or amber-colored; spores filiform, more or less curved or flexuons, colorless, .002 to .0028 in. long, .00016 broad, oozing out and forming a whitish tendril. Living leaves of sweet cicely, Osmorrhiza longistylis, Schoharie. July.
Septoria oleandrina, Sacc. Living or languishing leaves of oleander, Nerium Oleander. Sand- "Jake. June. Septoria lineolata, S. & S.
Dead leaves of sedges, Curex varia. Elizabethtown. May.
Septoria graminum, Desm. Living leaves of black-fruited mountain rice, Oryzopsis melanocarpa. Day. July.
No. 104.] AT
Rhabdospora pleosporoides, Sacc.
Dead stems of Scotch thistle, Onopordon acanthium. Albany- May. Clinton.
Rhabdospora Xanthii, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, small, .011 to .014 in. broad, depressed, cov- ered by the thin browned or blackened epidermis which is pierced by the ostiola ; spores filiform, curved, colorless, .0008 to .0012 in, long, 00006 broad.
Dead stems of cocklebur, XYunthium strumarium. Albany and North Greenbush. Apr.
The tissues surrounding the perithecia are often colored in such a Way as to impart a smoky-brown hue to the affected patches.
Phlyctena septorioides, Succ. Dead stems of poke weed, Phytolacca decandra. Albany. Nov.
Phlyctena complanata Sacc. Dead stems of Polygonum. North Greenbush. May.
Zythia ovata, 7. sp.
Perithecia ovate, reddish or flesh colored when fresh and moist, black when dry, single or two to three in a cluster, nearly superficial, .025 to .030 in. long, .017 to .018 broad; spores oblong, colorless, .0003 in. long, .00012 road; basidia densely and fasciculately branched,
Dead bark of poplar. South Ballston. Sept.
Diplodina Ellisii, Sace. Dead stems of goose foot, Che:,opodium album. North Greenbush- Apr. This was originally Diplodia hyalospora, C. & E. The perithecia’ are .008 to .01 broad. ‘The spores are at first simple, then uniseptate. They are ,0007 to.001 long, .00035 to .0004 broad.
Thyrsidium Micheneri, Sacc.
Dead branches of water beech, Carpinus Americana. West Troy. May. / This is Chetrospora Micheneri, B. & C.
Marsonia Martini, 8S. ¢ Z£. Living leaves of Quercus prinoides. Karner. Sept.
Coryneum compactum, B. & Br. Dead branches of red birch, Betula nigra. Saugerties. May.
Pestalozzia Saccardoi, Speg.
Dead leaves of oak, Quercus alba. Day. July. The spots on the leaves are less black and the colored cells of the spores are more nu- merous in this species than in P, monochete, which also inhabits oak leaves.
48 [ ASSEMBLY
Pestalozzia consocia, 7. sp.
Spots very large, sometimes occupying nearly half the leaf, irregular or angular, reddish-brown above, paler beneath ; acervuli amphigen- ous, minute, punctiform, black; spores oblong-fusiform, .0012 to .0014 in. long, .0003 broad, five septate, with four colored cells, .0009 to.0011 in. long and asingle bristle at the apex.
Living leaves of witch-hazel, Hamamelis Virginiana. Day. July.
The species is associated with and occupies the same spots as Phyllosticta Hamamelidis. It may be a question as to which species causes the spots, though they are probably due to the Phyllosticta.
Pestalozzia? campsosperma, 2. sp.
Acervuli hypophyllous, minutely tufted ; spores fusiform, curved, triseptate, .0008 to .0012 in. long, .00028 to .00032 in. broad, with two colored cells .0005 in. long, the apical cell hyaline, conical, ending in an acuminate point, the lower cell tapering into the short pedicel.
Dead leaves of balsam fir, Abies bulsamea. Adirondack mountains. June.
This is a singular species. I have seen no terminal cilia and am not able to say whether they are entirely wanting or whether they are early deciduous. Thecharacters otherwise are so exactly like those of Pes- talozzia that I have, with some doubt, referred our plant to that genus. The curved spores are very characteristic of the species.
Uredo Ledi, 4. & 8S.
Living leaves of Labrador tea, Ledwm latifolium. Bergen swamp, Genesee county, and Sandlake, Rensselaer county. Jwue.
The authors of this species remark that the leaves attacked by the fungus appear broader than usual. This peculiarity was very percep- tible in the Bergen swamp specimens, the usually involute margins of the leaves being almost wholly expanded or unrolled. The spores, which occur on the lower surface of the leaf and are partly concealed by its tomentum, are .0008 to .0009 in. broad. Their smaller size, different place of occurrence, and the different color of the spots readily distinguish this species from Uredo ledicola.
Puccinia hastata, Che.
Living leaves of Viola primulefolia. Riverhead. Sept. The typical form was discovered in Maine on leaves of Viola hastata. In our specimens teleutospores and stylospores occur on the same leaf and sometimes in the same sorus.
Gymnosporangium clavarieforme, D. C.
Branches of Juniper, Juniperus communis. Elizabethtown. May.
This was in some instances associated with Gymnosporangium cla- vipes, the two occurring near each other on the same branch. The species is a rare one in this country, and has hitherto been reported from Maine only,
Periconia pycnospora, /’res. Dead stems of melilot. Bethlehem. Apr.
No. 104. ] 49
Sporodinia grandis, Lk. Decaying Agaricus abortivus. Osceola. Aug.
Tllosporium humigenum, Pk. & Sauce.
Tufts subglobose or pulvinate, rather compact, often botryoidal by confluence, sordid red, grayish or subcinereous; spores globose, at first three or more aggregated, then free, colorless, .0002 to 00028 in. broad; basidia none or obsolete.
Damp ground, horse dung, ete. Lebanon Springs. Clinton. Co- pake. Aug. and Sept.
Monilia Peckiana, Sace.
Petioles of dwarf blueberry, Vacciniwm Pennsylvanicum. Cobble Hill, near Elizabethtown. May.
This is a very destructive fungus. The leaves, of which the petioles are attacked, soon wither, turn brown and die. The destruction of the leaf tissues progresses from the base toward the apex as if destroyed by the advancing mycelium. But the strings of spores, so far as I have observed, are produced on the petioles only. The spores vary very much in size, ranging from .0005 to .0012 in. long, and from -0005 to..0009 broad. ‘They are globose or subelliptical and usually have a slight prominence or apiculus at one or both ends.
Variety angustior Sacc. Young fruit of choke cherry, Prunus Vir- giniana. Schoharie. July. This differs from the typical form not only in its host plant and place of development, but also in the size of the spores. These are subglobose and .0004 to .0005 in. long. These differences seem to me to indicate a difference of species, but Prof. Saccardo regards this fungus asa mere variety of the former. It is very destructive to the young cherries. In some instances nearly all the cherries in a raceme were affected by it. Those attacked were smaller than the healthy ones. ‘They were of a brownish or grayish- brown hue, and more or less frosted by the fungus. Should this para- site ever escape from its native host plant and attack our cultivated cherries, it might become a very annoying and destructive pest.
Ramularia Geranii, /cki.
Living or languishing leaves of wild geranium, Geranium macula- tum. Schoharie. J uly.
Saprolegnia ferax, Kuwiz. On fishes in an aquarium. Albany. Also in an artificial fish pond. Sandlake. It issometimes very destructive to fish.
Geoglossum viscosum, Pers.
Ground under brakes, Péeris aquilina. Adirondack mountains. Aug. This may be distinguished by its Sina a spores from G. Peckianum, which it much resembles.
Leotia mercida, Pers. Swampy places. Delmarand Karner. Sept. [Assem. Doc. No. 104. ] 7
50 [ ASSEMBLY
Godronia Cassandra, 7. sp.
Receptacle small, .02 to 03. in. broad, sessile or nearly so, depressed, urceolate, tawny-brown, the hymenium whitish orslivid when moist, darker when dry, the narrow mouth entire or slightly dentate-lacerate, almost closed when dry ; asci cylindrical, .0045 to .005 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad ; spores filiform, nearly straight, .002 to .003 in. long ; paraphyses filiform, numerous.
Dead branches of leather leaf, Cassandra calyculata, Karner, Aug.
Tympanis saligna, Tode.
Dead branches of willow, Salix purpurea. West Albany. Apr. The specimens are without fruit and to this extent doubtful. |
Stictis Saccardoi, Rehm. Dead stems of scouring rush, Hyuisetum hyemale. Delmar. Sept.
Lichenopsis spheroboloidea, Schw. Dead stemsof Cornus. LElizabethtown. May.
Asoomyces extensus, P/. ;
Spots large, irregular, brown, usually somewhat convex above and concave below, most frequently occurring at the apical end of the leaf or of its lobes ; asci hypophyllous, cylindrical, obtuse or subtruncate, .002 to .0025 in. long, .0009 to .0011 broad ; spores globose or broadly elliptical, variable in size, .00016 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .00025 broad.
Living leaves of the over-cup oak, Quercus macrocarpa. Platts- burgh. July. Gen. J. M. Robertson.
The specimens were first sent by Gen. Robertson to the editors of the Country Gentleman, with the information that nearly every leaf on the tree was affected in a manner similar to those sent. In these the dead spots occupied one-fourth to one-half the entire leaf. They number from one to three spots on a leaf. It is very evident that the vital functions of leaves so extensively affected must be much impaired, and that the health and vigor of the tree must be corre- spondingly weakened. It was also stated that many other oaksin that region were similarly affected. The species is distinct from A. Quercus Cke., in the character of the spots and also of the spores.
Microspheria Ceanothi, (Schw.).
Living leaves of New Jersey tea, Ceanothus Americanus. New Scotland. Oct. .
This appears to be the fungus described by Schweinitz as Hrysiphe Ceanothi, although the perithecia in our specimens can scarcely be de- scribed as ‘‘ immersed ” and the species is a Microspheria, not an Ery- siphe. It is closely related to M. penicillata, having about four eight- spored asci in a perithecium, but it differs from that fungus in occur- ring only on the upper surface of the leaves. It sometimes attacks the immature fruit which it covers with a more dense white mycelium.
No. 104.] 51
Valsa rhoophila, C. & £#. Dead branches of poison sumach, Rhus venenata. Guilderland. May. Valsa glandulosa, Cke. Dead branches of Ailanthus glandulosus. Cold Spring. June.
Valsa cenisia, De Not.
Dead branches of red cedar, Juniperus Virginiana, West Albany.
May. Rosellinia ambigua, Sacc.
Decorticated stems of red-berried elder, Sambucus pubens. Adi- rondack mountains and Sandlake. June.
The species belongs to the section Coniocheta. The perithecia in some of our specimens are so densely crowded that they form a con- tinuous black stratum,
Rosellinia mastoidea, Sacc. Fallen decorticated branches of willow, Salix purpurea. West Al- bany. Apr. Hypoxylon semiimmersum, Vi‘¢s. Decaying wood. Adirondack mountains. June.
Lestadia Asculi, . sp.
Perithecia small, .007 in. broad, lenticular, covered by the epidermis, erumpent, opening by a minute pore, black; asci subclavate; spores crowded,'subelliptical, colorless, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Fallen petioles of horse chestnut, dsculus Hippocastanum. Albany. May. Clinton.
Spherella maculosa, Succ.
Fallen leaves of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Adirondack moun- tains. June.
This species resembles S. ordicularis, but the perithecia are smaller and hypophyllous, and the spores are larger and distinctly colored.
Spherella macularis, Awersw. Fallen leaves of poplar. Adirondack mountains. June. In this species the spots are small and angular, the perithecia are amphigenous and the spores are smaller than in S. maculosa.
Spherella Lycopodii, 7. sp.
Perithecia minute, .004 in. broad, blackish; asci oblong or subcylin- , drical, often slightly narrowed toward the apex, .0012 to .0016 in. long, .0004 broad; spores oblong, .00045 to .0005 in long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Scales of dead spikes of club moss, Lycopodium clavatam. Adiron- dack mountains. June.
This differs from S. lycopodina, in its place of growth and in its smaller asci and spores.
52 [ ASSEMBLY
Diaporthe Carpini, Fc. Dead branches of water beech, Carpinus Americana. Albany. Apr.
Diaporthe Robergeana, Viess!. Dead branches of bladder-nut, Staphylea trifolia. Albany. Apr.
Diaporthe galericulata, Succ. Dead branches of beech, Fagus sylvatica. Sandlake. June.
Diaporthe Neillie, 7. sp.
Perithecia numerous, .02 to .024 in. broad, loosely and irregularly ag- gregated in extensive patches, immersed in the interior bark and often forming a slight depression in the wood, covered by the epidermis which is pierced by the black conical or rostellate ostiolum, the base often concave beneath ; asci subcylindrical, the sporiferous part about .0025 in. long, .0003 to. 0004 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong or subfusiform, slightly constricted at the septum, two or four nucleate, .00055 to .00065 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Dead branches of nine bark, Neillia opulifolia. Albany. Apr.
The surface of the affected branch is rough to the touch by reason of the projecting ostiola. The perithecia are sometimes valsoidly clus- tered.
Diaporthe marginalis, 7. sp.
Pustules numerous, covered by the epidermis which is somewhat elevated ; perithecia valsoid, 8 to 15 in a pustule, nestling in the inner bark with no circumscribing line, the ostiola slightly emergent, black, usually surrounding the margin of the whitish pulveraceous erumpent disk; asci subcylindrical, .0025 to .003 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, uniseptate, obscurely apiculate at each
end, .0008 to 0009 in long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Dead branches of Alnus viridis. Elizabethtown. - May.
In its external appearance this fungus resembles Valsa ambiens. In the larger pustules the ostiola form a marginal circle about the disk as in that species, but in the smaller ones they sometimes emerge centrally and obliterate the disk.
Diaporthe sparsa, 7. sp.
Perithecia few, minute, scattered, immersed in the wood whose surface is blackened; asci clavate or subcylindrical, .003 to .0035 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad; spores crowded, oblong or subfusiform, colorless, constricted at the septum, four-nucleate, .0008 to .0012 in. long, .0002 to .00028 broad. Dead branches of Rhus Toxicodendron. Saugerties. May.
Didymospheria bacchans, Pass.
Dead branches of grapevines. Saugerties. May,
Leptospheria Typharum, Aart. Dead leaves of Typha latifolia. Adirondack mountains. June.
No. 104.] 53
Leptospheria Kalmie, 7. sp.
Perithecia subceespitose, erumpent, .014 to .018 in. broad, sub- hemispherical, thick, black, the ostiola pertuse or slightly papillate; asci cylindrical, .004 to .005 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad; spores uniseriate, oblong or subfusiform, triseptate, sometimes slightly con- stricted at the middle septum, colored, .00065 to .0008 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad; paraphyses filiform.
Dead stems of sheep laurel, Aalmia angustifolia. Adirondack mountains. June.
Generally there are two to four perithecia in a cluster, but some- times they are single and occasionally laterally compressed. The epidermis usually ruptures longitudinally. The species is related to Leptospheria vagabunda.
Zignoella diaphana, Sacc. Decaying weod. Adirondack mountains. June. Our specimens have the perithecia depressed and smaller than in the type. Pyrenophora relicina, Sacc. Dead leaves of quack grass, Triticum repens. West Albany and Helderberg mountains. May.
Cryptospora Tilie, 72. Dead branches of basswood, Tilia Americana. Helderberg moun- tains. May. Hypocrea fungicola, Karst. Decaying Polyporus. Caroga. July. The species was formerly confused with H. citrina, which it very closely resembles.
Pleonectria Berclinensis, Sacc. Dead stems of currant, ides rubrum. Albany. April.
(D.) REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS.
Ranunculus repens, L.
A beautiful double flowered Ranunculus was found growing ina wet place by theroad side in the village of Bergen. - Its creeping stems and other characters connect it with A. repens, and especially with that form of it which was described by Dr. Beck as R. Clintonit. Whether the plant with its double flowers was a spontaneous develop- ment or whether it had escaped from cultivation in some garden is not known.
Actea alba, Bigel.
A form with long slender pedicels was found at Karner growing with A. rubra. The latter sometimes has thick pedicels, so that the color of the fruit remains as the most reliable character for distin- guishing these species.
54 [ ASSEMBLY
Barbarea vulgaris, 2. Br.
This plant is very abundant on the low lands between Utica and Rome. It takes possession of pastures and cleared lands and rivals the common yellow buttercups in profusion. Its vigorous and abun- dant growth give it the appearance of an introduced plant and make it worthy of classification among our noxious weeds. Variety arcuata occurs along shaded streams in Sandlake.
Arabis lyrata, L.
The usual habitat of this plant is on rocks and precipices, but fine specimens were found growing in a sandy field near Albany.
Camelina sativa, lL.
Abundant in wheat fields near Bergen. June. An introduced and troublesome weed.
Viola cucullata, A7t.
A peculiar form of this very variable species grows in Bergen swamp. The leaves are very small, about half an inch broad, the peduncles are elongated and the lateral petals are whitish at the base.
Prunus serotina, Hirh.
The black cherry is very abundant about Southfield, Orange county, where it blossoms profusely even when a mere shrub in size. The choke cherry is also common here. It blossoms two or three weeks earlier than the black cherry.
Cephalanthus occidentalis, Z.
The leaves are usually opposite or ternate, but sometimes there are four in a whorl.
Crantzia lineata, Nuit. '
Specimens of this rare plant were sent from Wading River by Z. S. Miller.
Epilobium hirsutum, L.
This introduced plant is gradually spreading. Itisin North Green- bush, G. W. Clinton, and at Dunsback Ferry, near Cohoes. 4. C. Gordinier.
Petasites palmata, (ray.
This rare species has been found in a sphagnous marsh in Sandlake. Gordimer, It also occurs sparingly in a marsh near Guilderland Station, in Albany county, but here it is in danger of extermination as the marsh will probably be soon cleared for cultivation.
Senecio aureus, L. Variety Balsamite was found in dry rocky places at Southfield.
Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, Lam.
The black-fruited form, variety nigrum, is not rare in the town of Day, Saratoga county. In one locality on the top of a mountain it
No. 104. ] BB
was found producing berries of unusual size. Many of them were found by actual measurement to be fully a half inch in diameter. They were sweet and agreeable to the taste and grew in close clusters of three to six berries. ‘This form would be a most desirable one to introduce into cultivation if it can be made to thrive as well in other localities as it does in its native one. The same variety, bearing - more abundant though smaller fruit, was found growing In a marsh in the same town. ‘his would indicate its adaptability to a variety of soils, Clethra alnifolia, Z.
The sweet pepper bush or white alder is abundant about Spruce pond near Southfield; alsoon Skunnemunk mountain. In the former locality, a plant of Leucothoé racemosa was also observed.
Menyanthes trifoliata, L.
Spruce pond near Southfield. The flowers are dimorphous. On some plants the stamens are longer than the pistils, on others shorter.
Apocynum androsemifolium, L.
There are two forms of our common dogbane, in one of which the flowers are nearly twice as large as in the other.
Celtis occidentalis, L.
Near Saugerties. The hackberry is not rare in the lower part of the Hudson river valley, but northward and westward it is seldom found. I am informed that a tree of this species growing in the Mohawk valley, near Sprakers, is such a novelty that it has received from the inhabitants the name of ‘‘ the unknown tree.”
Nyssa multiflora, Wang. Abundant on Skunnemunk mountain where it forms a tall tree and has a trunk twelve inches or more in diameter at the base.
Betula nigra, L.
The red birch was admitted into the New York Flora by Dr. Torrey, on the authority of Dr. J. Carey, who gave Saugerties as its locality. No specimens were placed in the Herbarium. Desiring New York specimens, I visited Saugerties and found several trees growing along the banks of the Aisopus river south of Saugerties. The species is easily known by its rough bark, curved branches and long drooping branchlets. The bark of young trees is smooth and whitish or red- dish-white and such trees might easily be mistaken for the paper birch or poplar leaved white birch.
Alnus viridis, D. C.
Plentiful on Cobble hill, also along the road between Elizabethtown and Keene. ° Arisema triphyllum, Jor.
The apex of the spadix of the Indian turnip is generally obtuse. A_
specimen was found near Albany, in which the spadix was abruptly
56 [ ASSEMBLY
contracted near the top and prolonged into a slender subulate point, thus showing a tendency to approach, in form, the spadix of A. Dracontium.
Symplocarpus fetidus, Salisd. A specimen occurred near West Albany of which the spathe was double, or rather there were two spathes one smaller, partly within the other and facing it. The smaller interior one contained the spadix.
Orontium aquaticum, L.
Abundant at Spruce pond, Orange county. The spadix or club is at first greenish, then bright yellow, finally green again. In the yellow or flowering state it is erect and the scape for a short distance below the spadix isa pure white. After flowering the spadix is thrust beneath the surface of the water by the bending of the scape and both it and the upper part of the scape gradually assume their final green color. The flowers are protogynous and their odor is similar to that of chest- nut blossoms. ‘The plants sometimes grow among the sphagnum and sedges of the low quaking shores, and then their leaves are erect. The root is so deeply and firmly fixed in its place, that it is exceedingly difficult to obtain an entire plant.
Cypripedium candidum, Mvhl.
In Bergen swamp the white lady slipper is associated with the larger and smaller yellow lady slippers. ‘This is its only New York locality known to me, and it grieves me to know that it is here sometimes col- lected unsparingly merely for hand bouquets. By such treatment it is in danger of extermination. Such a rare and beautiful plant should be gathered sparingly and preserved in its native locality as long as possible.
Trillium grandiflorum, Salisd.
The variety variegatum has again been collected in the Jamesville locality where it presented the same characteristics as last year. Mrs. Goodrich writes that no specimen with sessile leaves had variegated petals. The petioled leaves and petals striped with green are thus far constantly associated. Of some plants transferred to her garden all reproduced the petioled leaves, and the single one which blossomed had its petals marked with green. One plant occurred in which the flower was borne on one stem and the leaves on another, both rising from the same rootstock. Miss Overacker found a monstrosity in which the flower had nine petals and twelve stamens; also another in which all the parts of the flower were in fours, even the ovary being four-celled. Rey. Mr. Beauchamp also found near Baldwinsville a specimen whose flower had six long sepals and eighteen shorter petals. Under proper cultivation this plant would probably produce double flowers and numerous varieties very readily.
Carex sterilis, Willd. The typical form in which the spikes are often all or nearly all staminate is abundant in Bergen swamp. In the eastern part of the State the plants almost uniformly bear pistillate spikes, and an abun-
No. 104.] BY
dance of fruit. CC. sterilis and C. flava are the prevailing species in Bergen swamp. Among the interesting and rare species are C. gyno- crates, the typical form, and C. vaginata.
Agaricus melleus, Vahl.
An abortive form of this Agaric sometimes occurs. It resembles the abortive form of A. abortivus.
\, WA rs Agaricus serrulatus, Pers.
This species is quite variable. An Agaric was found in the Adiron- dack wilderness which I was at first inclined to regard as an unde- scribed species, but have concluded that it is a variety of A. serrulatus. The pileus is grayish or whitish-gray and the stem is destitute of the blackish points which belong to the typical form. It may be distin- guished as variety pallida.
Lactarius resimus, /7.
The plant which we have referred to this species as variety regalis was observed in Day. Its glabrous margin and glabrous stem remain constant. ‘The pileus was obscurely zonate and the stem spotted. It might, at first sight, be mistaken for Z. insulsus, but the change in the color of the milk would correct such a mistake.
Russula feetens, /’r.
Variety granulata has the cuticle of the pileus rough with small granular scales,
Gymnosporangium macropus, Schw.
Plentiful on red cedar trees about Highland Mills, Orange county. and also about Schoharie. |
Septoria mirabilis, Ps. This should be referred to the genus Gleosporium.
Septoria corylina, Px. Variety permaculata differs from the typical form in having the spots large, brown or reddish-brown with an arid paler center. Living leaves of Corylus rostrata. Day.
Cenangium deformatum, Pk.
If the genus Cenangium be limited to such species as have simple colorless spores, this species must be transferred to the genus Karschia.
Hypoderma Desmazieri, Dudy. ; Specimens were found on leaves of pitch pine, Pinus rigida, while they were yet on the tree and green at the base. This would indicate that the fungus sometimes attacks and kills the leaves. [Assem. Doc. No, 104. ] 8
58 [ ASSEMBLY
Spathularia flavida, Pers.
Variety rugosa has the club rugose. It was found in the Adiron- dack region growing in a circle about fifteen feet in diameter. All the plants in the circle had the club or receptacle rugose. Some of the plants were affected by Hypocrea alutacea. ‘The stems were quite as velvety as in the form described as Spathularia velutipes, C. & F,
Spherotheca pannosa, Lev. .
Variety Ridbis occurs on the stems, fruit and leaves of wild goose- berry, Ribes cynosbati. Bergen. June. It forms a dense felty stra- tum of mycelium, which is white at first but soon becomes brown, In the form on roses the mycelium, so far as I have observed, remains white. I have received from Prof. Scribner specimens of the same variety which were found on gooseberry in Colorado.
Hypoxylon Morsei, 2. & C.
Dead branches of poison sumach, Lhws venenata. Guilderland station. May. If H. Blakei be united to this species, which union some advocate, then H. Morsei is an inhabitant of alders, willows, poplars and sumach. :
Sordaria coprophila, C. ¢ D.
In the early and immature condition of this fungus, the perithecia are thinly clothed with a minute cinereous flocculent villosity or tomentum, and the spores are cylindrical flexuous and colorless and very unlike the elliptical colored appendaged spore of the mature state.
Spheeria taxicola, Px. The spores in this are .0008 to .0009 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad, triseptate and colorless. Therefore the species should be referred to the genus Metaspheria of the Saccardoian system.
(E.)
NEW YORK SPECIES OF PLEUROTUS, CLAUDOPUS AND | CREPIDOTUS.
PLEUROTUS, F”.
Stem eccentric, lateral or none. Spores white.
The species of this genus grow chiefly on decaying wood. <A few grow on the ground or are attached to mosses. They are very diverse in size and general appearance. For instance, there is little resemblance between P. ulmarius and P. striatulus, the one a large species with a - stout stem and thick fleshy pileus, the other a very small one with vo stem anda thin membranous pileus. Yet both)are included by the generic description. By reason of the lateral or eccentric stem and of the tufted mode of growth of some species, the. pileus is. often very irregular and unsymmetrical. Some of the species are also very variable in color, and among the small, at first reswpinate forms, the young plant is often, in appearance, very unlike the reflexed mature
No. 104.] 59
plant. These variations make it difficult to accurately describe the species and to satisfactorily identify them from the published descrip- tions. Some of them, by reviving under the influence of moisture and by the tenacity of their substance, indicate an aflinity with the genus Panus and its allies. Someof the larger stout-stemmed species occasionally have the stem nearly or quite central in which case they might be taken for species of Tricholoma, though their lignatile in- stead of terrestrial habitat would be an indication of their real affinity, but not a wholly reliable one, since some species of Tricholoma grow on wood. By their white spores they are separated from the otherwise similar Claudopodes and Crepidoti. Two species, P. sapidus and P. euosmus have pale lilac-tinted spores, but these can scarcely justify the removal of these plants to any genus having colored spores, since they would harmonize no better there than here. Indeed there is room for doubt if either of these supposed species is more than a variety of P. ostreatus. Several species have valuable esculent quali- ties. Fries has divided the genus into three sections, which for convenience we have adopted in the arrangement of our New York Pleuroti. He names them respectively, EXCENTRICI, DIMIDIATI and RESUPINATI.
Synopsis of the Species.
Stem eccentric pileus entire or marginate behind..... aierah\alelafele tgelelare jets men Femi Stem none or short, pileus sessile or not marginate Bebraean aegis a 1. Lamelle adnate or emarginate, not MeCUERSTEN | (Le sen eee ecuote Bene ere 1. Lamelle distinctly decurrent. ft) fucose che tle Soueod nob Ces Bea SIC OSE Ayia! ep loaTINe Lec amy Ube aera oral Boks ousranccalatele cial eseltiis (eis; ale\e Tdic Hol eons Bocoase 3 2. Mame lies yellow ic\yssie cuts ayes ores Dee aie Uieaaire dbahorah ayers it shes CPs sulphureoides. 3. Odor farinaceous, spores elliptical.......... ...- AObLeaacodbdodE P. lignatilis. 8. Odor not farinaceous, Seon PAULI aii et alii a iol 8 oievote eae a e'e) as. 's 0 P. ulmarius. 4, Pileus slightly areolate....... Adve omnnee cideiocMdone onc mp iercrois P. subareolatus. 4. Pileus not areolate...... Sreeiststcavetata is cinvBUyiate cassia « <1 joes i avalveloreterererea gens eRe tO 5. Spores dull lilac.... ..... soccndd -boomanubabpona: mGls iceieinlerelaene SUUDVOILS 5) Sporesiwhite- ca jeaese ess a. 3 good bere ee eaters Sialefe ah edtaho clagete aioe 6 6. Lamelle anastomosing at the base..... Sel epaietiejescisreineke oe Sp obGa8 P. ostreatus. Game lila iehie ene Ge MOMS er an). alelSalaielsig sc) o/ele slecne's piasses sishiieie He a= P. salignus. 7. Pileus never resupinate, generally with a short lateral stem or stem- ~ LIN Eat) OFTEN aise eum Sy AR AE Bievacaratarecyenekent a srsiehenereRetave 7. Pileus at first resupinate, generally sessile......... ceisler elev olksyeieieeenets ll 8. Pileus viscid when young or moist’. .......s....-.. wc aceucdecest. SErOUNUS, ees US AGT WIRCI Maer cas iil) Liat fe wiz asin V aralaiole's Gipielere s\aiwseie's sircjeteleyeecelel evar eae . 9. Lamelle gray, subdistant, stem not compressed ........ oP. tremulus. 9. Lamellae white, crowded, stem compressed....... Ad GAaade ston oabakeedie 10. Plant growing on the ground.......... seessee scene Semin eels Pe spath ulatus. 10. Plant growing on decaying OOM ye nmtalaieratsielerals Bemisia stcleleratens PR: danopisucls 11. Pileus w Hip Rivarehelatel sets ont feral sb bimeaudod Boecacecnou ces 12 Die Pileusinion, witnbe gastos cise «e's olsbeitieratbisle « aleerehateraiole Vsieheeraon suaaersloe 13 dep Paleusigne soGhiarwnore: Lames ai.) 0.4 i Malas wiesinselo'eeajs'e sieieeae P. porrigens. 12. Pileus small, less than one inch long Or broad «ci. Biteah okeveh ene ei P. septicus. 1B Lamellze ced onlinss chr Ave liken wats] Ney AAO as Air Aa aiaiad noe P.atroceruleus. 13. Lamelle cinereous, livid-brown or blackish... Hib Sooo DURE MAB! IS \6 14 14, Pileus even or slightly striate on the margin........... NS Mai P. atropellitus. 14. Pileus plicate-striate, black ............ RY Warners eacbanemietalane eve. srs Berane ae P. niger. 14, Pileus striate, cinereous or livid-brown.... ......... bert tra tae ans P. striatulus.
Pileus entire or with a thin margin on one side, stem distinct, eccen- tric or lateral.
oo
60 | ASSEMBLY
Pleurotus ulmarius, 77. Elm Agaric. Agaricus ulmarius, Bull.
Pilens fleshy, compact, convex or nearly plane, giabrous, moist, some- times tinged with reddish, yellowish or brownish hues and marbled with livid spots, becoming darker and shining when old, flesh pure ~ white ; lamelle broad, emarginate or rounded behind, adnexed, mode- rately close, white or whitish ; stem stout, solid, straight or curved, glabrous or partly or wholly tomentose, whitish ; spores globose, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Pileus 3 to 6 in. broad, stem 1 to 3 in. long, 6 to 10 lines thick.
Trunks of elm trees. Albany and Trenton Falls. September to December. Edible.
Variety acericola. Plant smaller, ceespitose.
Trunks and roots of maple trees. Adirondack mountains. September.
Variety populicola. Plant subcespitose, stem wholly tomentose. West Albany.
This is one of our largest Pleuroti. It is variable in size and appear- ance. The stem is often thickened either above or below, and it may be glabrous or entirely tomentose, or only at the base or apex. Sometimes it is longitudinally rimose. On the elms of Albany it usually grows from places where branches have been cut away. It persists as a conspicuous object for many days. In very wet weather the disk is apt to crack either in a radiate or reticulate manner, .
Pleurotus sulphureoides, P/.
Pale-yellow Agaric. Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex, umbonate, glabrous or slightly — squamulose, pale-yellow ; lamellz moderately close, rather broad, slightly emarginate or rounded behind, pale-yellow ; stem firm, equal, slightly fibrillose, stuffed or hollow, generally curved and eccentric, rarely central, slightly mealy or tomentose at the top, yellowish or pallid; spores elliptical, .0003 to .00035 in. long .0002 to .00025 broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad, stem 1 to 1.5 in, high, 2 to 3 lines thick. Decaying prostrate trunks. Catskill mountains, October. Rare. This species has not been detected since its discovery. It becomes paler in drying. The minute scales are brown, but sometimes are wanting. I have separated this Agaric from A. sulphwreus because of
its eccentric stem, woody habitat and squamulose pileus,
Pleurotus lgnatilis, 7. Wood-inhabiting Agaric. Agaricus abscondens, Pk.
Pilens compact, convex, sometimes slightly depressed or umbilicate, flocculose-pruinose or glabrous, white ; lamella thin, narrow, crowded, emarginate or adnate, white ; stem unequal, rather slender, curved, | stuffed or hollow, whitish, sometimes tomentose at the base; spores. minute, elliptical, 00016 to 0002 in, long, usually with a shining nucleus; odor distinct, farinaceous.
No. 104.] 61
Pileus 2 to3 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick. _ Decaying wood. Griffins, Delaware county, September.
Our specimens, by their pure white color, emarginate adnexed lamelle and glabrous stem, did not well agree with the published description of P. lignatilis, and they were, therefore, described in the Thirty-first Report as a distinct species. But P. lignatilis is very variable accord- ing to Fries, and as our plant is scarcely more than a variety of it we have united it thereto.
Pleurotus subareolatus, Pk. Shghtly-areolate Agaric.
Pileus compact, convex, whitish tinged with brownish pink, usually cracking in small maculiform areas; lamelle rather broad, loose, decurrent, whitish becoming tinged with yellow in drying; stem eccentric, subvertical, short, curved, firm, solid, sometimes com- pressed, white; spores oblong, .0005 to .0006 in. long, about .0002 broad.
Pileus 3 to 4 in. broad, stem 6 to 12 lines long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Trunks of elm trees. Bethlehem. October.
This plant has occurred with us but once. It differs from P. tessu- latus by its stroagly decurrent lamelle which form slightly elevated lines far down on the stem.
Pleurotus sapidus, Kalchd. Sapid Agaric.
Plant generally cespitose; pileus eccentric or lateral, rarely sessile, irregular, convex or depressed on the disk, glabrous, variable in color, whitish, yellowish, grayish-brown, lilac-brown or smoky- brown, flesh white ; Jamelle rather broad, subdistant, decurrent, dis- tinct or anastomosing at the base, whitish; stem firm, solid, straight or curved, white or whitish, often united at the base; spores oblong, pale lilac, .00035 to .00045 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Pileus 2 to 5 in. broad, stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 8 lines thick.
Decaying wood of elm, beech, birch, horse-chestnut, etc., sometimes on buried sticks. Common. June to November. Kdible.
This is a very variable species, closely allied to P. ostreatus, with which it is sometimes confused, and from which its short-stemmed subsessile forms with anastomosing lamelle can scarcely be distin- guished except by the peculiar color of the spores. These, when caught on white paper, have a dull, pale-lilac hue, inclining to lavender color, If they fall on a dark or brown surface they appear whitish. By reason of the colored spores of this fungus and of P. ewosmus, W. G. Smith proposed the transfer of these plants to Claudopus, but this arrange- ment was not adopted by Fries, because their real affinities were evi- dently with the Pleuroti. He says that the species is so variable that its characters are indicated with difficulty, and that on the same trunk Specimens sometimes occur that are white, tawny-brown and umber. In the typical form, the lamellae are not described as anastomosing, but a form is mentioned in which the stem is reticulated by anasto- mosing veins. In our plant the lamelle frequently anastomose at the base, just as in P. ostreatus. Its stem, also, is sometimes as short or obsolete as in that species. It occurs both in woods and in open
62 [ ASSEMBLY
places. It is more abundant in autumn, but occasionally appears as earlyasJune. It is no less valuable than the next species for its edible qualities. A stew made of it isa very good substitute for an oyster stew.
In Hungary, according to Dr. Kalchbrenner, it is not only eagerly sought for food in the woods butis also cultivated in gardens by fre- quently moistening the elm trunks on which it grows.
In drying, the specimens roll up in an annoying manner, unless kept under pressure. ‘The dried specimens are very liable to the attacks of insects.
Pleurotus ostreatus, /’r.
Oyster Agaric. Oyster Mushroom. Agaricus ostreatus, Jacq. Agaricus dimidiatus, Bull.
Pileus fleshy, two to four inches broad, soft, convex or slightly depressed behind, subdimidiate, often cxspitosely imbricated, moist, glabrous, whitish cinereous or brownish, flesh white ; lamellz broad, decurrent, subdistant, anastomosing at the base, white or whitish ; stem, when present, very short, firm, lateral, sometimes strigose-hairy at the base; spores oblong, white, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016 broad.
Decaying wood and trunks of trees. June to November. Edible.
With us this species is much less frequent than the preceding one. Specimens, nearly white when fresh, but yellowish when dried, were collected on oak trunksin Orange county. ‘The spores were clearly white on white paper, but in other respects the plants might readily be taken for a whitish subsessile form of the preceding species.
Pleurotus salignus, /7.
Willow Agaric. Agaricus salignus, Abb. d. Schw. Agaricus brumalis, Scop.
Pileus fleshy, two to six inches broad, firm, spongy, convex or nearly plane, sometimes depressed and slightly hairy toward the base, nearly dimidiate, horizontal, whitish, dark-cinereous or ochraceous; lamelles decurrent, some of them branched, eroded on che edge, distinct at the base, whitish ; stem, when present, very short, lateral, tomentose ; spores oblong, .00036 in. long, .00015 broad.
Decaying wood, especially of willows. Sandlake.
I have admitted this species with some hesitation, for our specimens, though apparently belonging to it, are not in good condition and hence doubtful. Fries says itis distinguished from Panuws conchatus by its soft, not coriaceous, substance, but Gillet characterizes its subs
stance as coriaceous when old.
Pileus definitely lateral, nevther margined behind nor at first resupi- . nate, sessile or attached to a very short lateral stem or stem-like base.
Pleurotus serotinus, «27. Late Agaric. Agaricus serotinus Schrad. Agaricus serotinoides, Pk.
Pileus fleshy, one to three inches broad, compact, convex or nearly plane, viscid when young and moist, dimidiate reniform or suborbic-
a
No. 104.] 63
ular, solitary or c#spitose and imbricated, variously colored, dingy- yellow, reddish-brown, greenish-brown or olivaceous, the margin at first involute; lamella close, determinate, whitish or yellowish; stem very short, lateral, thick, yellowish beneath and minutely tomentose or squamulose with blackish points; spores minuwée, elliptical, .0002
‘in. long, .0001 broad.
Dead trunks of deciduous trees. Catskill and Adirondack moun- tains. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton. Autumn.
The late Agaric occurs especially in the hilly and mountainous dis- - tricts of the State. Itrarely makes its appearance before September and is sometimes found as late as December. It varies considerably in color but is easily recognized by its peculiar stem and determinate lamelle. When viewed from above it appears to be stemless or attached by a mere basal prolongation of the pileus, but the lower sur- face of this prolongation, being differently colored and definitely limited by the basal termination of the lamelle, has the appearance of a very short but distinct stem. In our. plant the surface of the pileus is sometimes adorned with a minute brown or blackish fibril- lose tomentum, which gives it a somewhat punctate or scabrous appearance. I find no notice of this character in the descriptions of the European plant. Such specimens with the lower surface of the stem, merely tomentose, were published in the Twenty-third Report as Agaricus serotinoides, but they do not appear to me to be any thing more than a mere form of the species. Sometimes the pileus is dis- tinctly tomentose toward the base.
Pleurotus tremulus, 7’. Tremulous Agaric. Gray Pleurotus. Agaricus tremulus, Scheff. Pileus thin, eight to twelve lines broad, obovate or reniform, plane or depressed on the disk, tenacious, glabrous, livid-gray or grayish- brown when moist, pale-gray when dry; lamellze determinate, linear, subdistant, gray or grayish; stem marginal, short, distinct, nearly terete, ascending, villose at the base; spores globose, .0003 in. broad.
Ground among or attached to mosses. Poughkeepsie. October. W. R. Gerard.
The stem in our specimens is lateral, as required by the description and the place assigned to the species in the Friesian arrangement, but in Mycological Illustrations, Pl. 242, it is represented as eccentric.
The stem is sometimes wanting, and then the pileus is attached by fibrils. The ‘species is easily known by its gray color and place of growth. It is apparently very rare with us, having been found in our State but once.
Pleurotus spathulatus.
Spathulate Agaric. Agaricus spathulatus, Pers. P. petaloides v. spathulatus, Fr. Pileus rather thin, one to two inches broad, ascending, spathulate, tapering behind into the stem, glabrous, convex or depressed on the disk and there sometimes pubescent, a/wtaceous or brownish tinged with gray, red or yellow; lamellae crowded, linear, decurrent, whitish or
64 [ ASSEMBLY
yellowish; stem compressed, sometimes channeled above, grayish- tomentose; spores elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad ; odor and taste farinaceous.
Ground, Sandlake. June. Edible.
It grows singly or in tufts and is an inch or more in height. The margin is thin and sometimes striatulate and reflexed. ‘Toward the base the flesh is thicker than the breadth of the lamelle. The cuticle is tough and separable. The flesh is said by Gillet to be tender and delicate. Persoon describes the disk as spongy-squamulose, but in our specimens it is merely pubescent or tomentose.
The species was united as a variety to P. petaloides by Fries, and is described by Gillet under that name, but it seems to me to be suffi- ciently distinct in its habit, habitat, color and spores to be regarded as a species.
Pleurotus petaloides, F7. -
“y" Petal-like Agaric. Petaloid Pleurotus.
Agaricus petaloides, Bull. ;
Pileus rather thin, eight to twenty lines broad, cwneate or spathu- late, tapering behind into the short compressed generally villose- tomentose stem, convex or nearly plane, glabrous or with a minute grayish pubescence or tomentum toward the base, sometimes striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish pale-alutaceous or brownish; lamelle crowded, linear, decurrent, whitish or yellowish; spores minute, globose, .00012 to .00016 in. broad.
Decaying wood, Buffalo. G. W. Clinton. East Worcester, Karner, Catskill and Adirondack mountains. July and August.
This is closely allied to the preceding species, with which it is united by most writers, but the striking difference in the size and shape of the spores indicates that they should be kept as distinct species. With us the petal-like Agaric is much more frequent in its occurrence than the spathulate Agaric.
In shape and general appearance it closely resembles Crepidotus applanatus, from which it may be distinguished by its paler lamellae, smaller white spores and more colored pileus.
Pileus at first resupinate, then rejlexed, sessile; lamelle radiating from an eccentric point.
Pleurotus porrigens, 7’.
Prolonged Agaric. Pine Pleurotus. Agaricus porrigens, Pers.
Pilens rather thin, at first resupinate and suborbicular, then reflexed and prolonged, obovate subelliptical or ear-shaped, often longer than broad, one to three inches long, sessile, glabrous or villose-tomentose toward the base, pure white, the margin involute when young, some- times lobed in large specimens; lamellae narrow, linear, thin, crowded, sometimes slightly forked or anastomosing at the base, white; spores subglobose, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Much decayed wood of pine and hemlock. Buffalo. G. W. Clin- ton. Karner, Catskill and Adirondack mountains. Autumn,
The prolonged Agaric 1s a fine species, easily known by its pure
No. 104.] 65 :
white color, sessile pileus, and its Jamelle forking or even anastomos-
ing near the base in large specimens.
I find no good characters by Which to distinguish Agaricus nephre- tus, Ellis, from this fungus. The spores in this, as well as in P, stria- tulus, P. niger and some others, have a slight depression on one side, which makes them broader in one diameter than in the other, and gives them a slightly curved appearance when viewed edgewise.
Pleurotus septicus, /’.
Wood-rotting Agaric. Thin Pleurotus. Agaricus pubescens, Sow.
Pileus smail, thin, three to six lines broad, nearly plane, pubescent or subpulverulent, sessile or with a short white pubescent stem or stem-like base, pure white; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, white ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. broad.
Decaying wood. Ballston and Adirondack mountains. August.
The clear white color of P. porrigens is seen also in this species, which may be easily distinguished by its smaller size, nearly pubescent pileus, subdistant lamellx and smaller spores.
Pleurotus atroceruleus, /’7. Dark-blue Agaric. Blue-black Pleurotus. Agaricus alneus, Scheff.
Pileus fleshy with an upper brownish gelatinous stratum, one to two inches broad, convex or nearly plane, reniform dimidiate or obovate, rather tough and flexible, sometimes czspitosely imbricated, sessile, villose-tomentose, dark-blue, blackish, grayish or tawny-brown, flesh soft, whitish ; lameliz rather broad, close, whitish or yellowish ; spores elliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Decaying trunks and branches of beech, alders and ee Kar- ner. September. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton.
I have seen no American specimens with the dark-blue or indigo color shown in the published figures of the European plant, but Fries himself says that the pileus is sometimes brown, so that we have no doubt of the specific identity of our plant. The pileus is covered with a grayish or cinereous villosity, which in small specimens forms a thin uniform velvety pubescence, but in large specimens it is more dense and somewhat tufted. Sometimes it is much thinner on the margin than toward the base of the pileus, and in such specimens the real color of the pileus is best seen on the margin. This, in large specimens, is often wavy or somewhat lobed. Small, blackish forms frequently resemble large forms of the next species, but are dis- tinguishable by the paler color of the lamellz. ‘The plant readily revives on the application of moisture.
Pleurotus atropellitus, 7. sp. Black-skinned Agaric. Pileus very thin, three to eight lines broad, rather tough, flaccid,
resupinate or reflexed and lateral, convex or nearly plane, suborbicular obovate or reniform, villose-tomentose except on the margin, sessile or
[Assem. Doc. No, 104.] 9
66 [ ASSEMBLY
prolonged at the base into a short grayish-tomentose stem, dlackish- brown or black, the tomentum grayish or cinereous, the thin margin slightly striate when moist; lamellz rather broad, close, blackish-brown or black, whitish on the edge; spores swbelliptical; .0003 to .00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Decaying wood and bark, both of frondose and acerose trees. Fort Edward, #. C. Howe. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton. Maryland, Helder- berg and Adirondack mountains. June to October.
Our plant is closely related to Pleurotus applicatus, and it is with some hesitation that I have described it as distinct. But unless the figures and descriptions of that species are erroneous, our fungus is - easily distinguished from it by its larger size, darker color and closer blackish lamelle. P. applicatus is described as dark cinereous, cupu- lar, two to three lines broad, villose at the base, sessile or attached by a prolongation on the back and with the lamellz distant and paler than the pileus. In the American plant these characters do not hold good. The pileus is often clearly attached by a lateral stem or stem- like base and the villosity is found everywhere except on the margin, and the lamelle are always, so far as I have seen, as dark as or eyen blacker than the pileus. The plant is flexible and revives on the ap- plication of moisture, thus indicating an affinity with the genus Panus. I haye seen no description of the spores of P. applicatus.
Pleurotus niger, Schw Black Agaric.
Pileus submembranous, two to four lines broad, subresupinate, pul- veraceous, black, plicate on the margin ; lamelle broad, radiating, black, cinereous on the edge; spores subglobose, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Decaying wood. Helderberg mountains, June. This apparently rare fungus has been found in our State but once. The pileus is at- tached by a tuft of black hairs, and in the largest specimens these ex- tend to the disk and there have a pulverulent appearance. The black color, black villosity and more coarsely striate or plicate margin dis- tinguish this species from the next, which it otherwise closely resem- bles.
Pleurotus striatulus, /’7. Slightly-striate Agaric. »
Agaricus membranaceus, Scop. Agaricus striato-pellucidus, Pers.
Pileus membranous, very delicate, two to four lines broad, resupin- ate or subcupular, then reflexed, sometimes obconic and pendulous, sessile, slightly striate when moist, strongly striate or corrugated when dry, flaccid, glabrous, scattered or gregarious, persistent, cinereous or brown; \amelle few, distant, whitish or cinercous; spores subglo- bose, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Much decayed wood of pine and hemlock. Fort Edward. #. C. Howe. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton. Greenbush and Adirondack moun- tains. July and October,
This is the smallest of our Pleuroti. Like the three preceding species, it revives on the application of moisture, and with them it forms a peculiar group worthy of distinction and separation from the
No. 104.] 67
others, The pileus is attached by a grayish villosity. In drying it sometimes becomes nearly black. It is then so small and shriveled that it is easily overlooked.
CLAUDOPUS, Smith.
Pileus eccentric, lateral or’resupinate. Spores pinkish.
The species of this genus were formerly distributed among the Pleu- roti and Crepidoti, which they resemble in all respects except in the ‘color of the spores. The genus at first was made to include species with lilac-colored ag well as pink Spores, but Professor Fries limited it to species with pink spores. In this sense we have taken it. The spores in some species are even, in others rough or angulated. The stem is either entirely wanting or is very short and inconspicuous, a charac- ter indicated by the generic name. The pileus is often resupinate and attached by a dorsal point when young, but it becomes reflexed with age. The species are few and infrequent. All inhabit decaying wood,
Synopsis of the Species.
anita sw eee MNT egy. Ds ie C. nidulans. ee re ek eel sno aulltsen voct cuter ae ee 211 TBS aR a ace ase <1 AO Ee C. variabilis. SERRE ee oh a Sad Sala eda ne C. depluens. Sociol adh cs Non Sods, 2 Pileus striatulate when moist...........+--:+s.-- 0... C. Greigensis. # Pilems not striatulate ............0...0cteeeccssccecceee, .-C, byssisedus.
Claudopus nidulans, Nestling Agaric. Agaricus nidulans, Pers,
Pileus one to three inches broad, sessile or rarely narrowed behind into a short stem-like base, often imbricated, suborbicular dimidiate or reniform, tomentose, somewhat strigose-hairy or squamulose-hairy toward the margin, yellow or buff color, the margin at first involute; lamellee rather broad, moderately close or subdistant, erange-yellow ; spores even, slightly curved, .00025 to .0003 in. long, about half as broad, delicate pink.
Decaying wood. Sandlake, Catskill and Adirondack mountains. Autumn,
This fungus was placed by Fries among the Pleuroti, and in this he has been followed by most ‘authors. But the spores have a delicate pink color closely resembling that of the young lamelle of the com- mon mushroom, Agaricus campestris. We have, therefore, placed it among the Claudopodes, where Fries himself has suggested it should be placed if removed at all from Pleurotus. Our plant has sometimes _ been referred to Panus dorsalis, Bose., but with the description of that species. it does not well agree. The tawny color, spathulate pileus, paler floccose scales, short lateral stem and decurrent lamellee ascribed to that species are not well shown by our plant. The sub- stance of the pileus, though rather tenacious and persistent, can scarcely be called coriaceous. The flesh is white or pale yellow. The tomentum of the pileus is often matted in small tufts and intermingled with coarse hairs, especially toward the margin, This gives a squa-
- 68 [ ASSEMBLY
mose or strigose-hairy appearance. The color of the pileus is often paler toward the base than it is on the margin.
Claudopus variabilis, /’r. Variable Agaric. Agaricus variabilis, Pers. Agaricus sessilis, Bull. Agaricus niveus, Sow.
Pileus thin, one-half to one inch broad, at first resupinate, then reflexed, sessile or with a very short stem, tomentose, white; lamella rather broad, thin, radiating from a lateral or an eccentric point, dis- tant, white becoming pink; spores even, elliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long, about half as broad.
Decaying wood and dead branches. Adirondack mountains. July to October. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton.
A small and not common species. The thin pileus is often attached to its place of growth by white tomentose filaments, and the point to which the lamelle converge is also sometimes tomentose. ,
Claudopus depluens, /’7. Rainy Agaric. Agaricus depluens, Batsch.
Pileus thin, one-half to one inch broad, at first resupinate, then’ reflexed, variable in form, sessile or with a short stem, slightly silky- tomentose especially toward the base, white or whitish, sometimes slightly tinged with pink; lamelle broad, subdistant, whitish, becom- ing pink; spores angulated, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .0003 broad, usually containing a single large nucleus.
Decaying wood. Catskill mountains, Gansevoort and Sterling. July and August.
This species, like the preceding one, which it closely resembles and from which it is separated by the character of the spores, is very variable. In our specimens the pileus is white, but it is sometimes described as tinged with red or gray. It is also said to grow upon the ground and on mosses, but our specimens grew upon decaying wood. In both these particulars they agree with the figure of the species in Mycological Illustrations.
Claudopus Greigensis, P/. Greig Agaric.
Pileus very thin, convex, five to ten lines broad, hygrophanous, grayish-cinnamon color and striatulate when moist, silky-fibrillose when dry; lamellae subdistant, scarcely reaching the stem, grayish becoming dingy-pink; stem short, about one line long, solid, curved, fibrillose below, with an abundant white radiating mycelium at the base; spores angulated, .00035 to .00046 in. long, .0003 broad, usually containing a single large nucleus.
Much decayed wood. Greig. September. .
This species is intermediate between the preceding and the follow- ing one, but it is more closely related to the latter, from whichitis * distinguished by the striatulate pileus and free lamelle.
No. 104.] 69
Claudopus byssisedus, /7.
Fibril-attached Agaric. Little Claudopus. Agaricus byssisedus, Pers.
Pileus very thin, four to ten lines broad, at first resupinate, then reflexed, nearly plane, glabrous or merely pruinose with a slight gray- ish villosity, gray, grayish-brown or brown; lamelle rather broad, subdecurrent, grayish, then tinged with pink; stem short, lateral or eccentric, generally curved, with white radiating byssoid fibrils at the base; spores angulated, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .0003 broad,
Decaying wood. Sterling and Adirondack mountains. August and September.
CREPIDOTUS, Fr. y
Veil wanting or not manifest. Pileus eccentric, lateral or resupi- nate. Spores ferruginous.
The Crepidoti correspond in shape and habit to the smaller Pleuroti and the Claudopodes, but they are distinguished from both by the ferruginous color of their spores. These are globose in several species, in others they are elliptical. In some there is a depression on one side which gives them a naviculoid character and causes the spore to appear slighly curved when viewed in acertain position. In conse- quence of the similarity of several of our species, the character of the spores is of much importance in their identification, and it is unfortu- nate that European mycologists have so generally neglected to give the spore characters in their descriptions of these fungi. In most of the species the pileus is at first resupinate, but it generally becomes reflexed as it enlarges. It is generally sessile or attached by a mass of white fibrils or tomentum. For this reason it is usually somewhat tomentose or villose about the point of attachment, even in species that are otherwise glabrous. In several species the pileus is moist or hygrophanous and then the thin margin is commonly striatulate. This character is attributed to but one of the dozen or more European species. The large number of New York species is noticeable, and fu- ture investigation may show that mere varieties have in some instances been taken for species. Their mode of growth is usually gregarious or somewhat loosely imbricated, in consequence of which the pileus, which in most species is white or yellowish, is often stained by the spores, and then it has a rusty, stained or squalid appearance. The Species occur especially on old stumps, prostrate trunks and _ soft much-decayed wood in damp, shaded places. The name Crepidotus is derived from-two Greek words xpezzs, a shoe or slipper, and ovs, an ear.
Synopsis of the Species.
BNESTISEVISCIC AWwhenlmMOISteays sii). os letg els vans Mee Siothh slee ats Brest Pl «20 C, herens. Bplens not viscid... 4e. + seas Bu cVataiaed ates ap Meyoteph iar seerators SjeisvavctelenWeaeporetorrs a 1 ee EAeaIsmunitne dt QIShIMGh SLEMI. . . 5. ccthccs ours les cs och aebieo a cieyetavere eholssarel ote levee 2 1. Pileus sessile or with an indistinct stem........ ....... SAI OIG Dies beeen 3 2. Stem thickened at the base......... a arageh aa lexaieyatiay meade » «ee OC. haustellaris.
2. Stem not thickened at the base.................. wsseeeeee. CO. tiliophilus.
3. Pileus glabrous or only slightly villose at the base.............e.002.-5. 4 Se twleusnot glabrous. «sis! /./)2. 3 31 PL AtaE ERR OIE Hos Bbicigcddbuodecoos some 4, Lamelle narrow and decurrent ..........5..0-...ee 000000 C. applanatus.
- 2
A-slamelilc: broads not decurretitys crc sje 6 oi.icve deeb bb a clot ae. eee sede
i)
70 | ASSEMBLY
5. Pileus white, spores globose...... aipla avdle o ein ola, ase aces alace ed's ae erca ene 5. Pileus yellowish, spores not globose. .......-....+-.. see «20 C. croceitinctus. 6. Pileus white, with a white villosity or tomentum .............. rieieilc a 6. Pileus with a colored villosity or tomentum ......... Meemacncooonéd |e, TE SpOLes WeLLUDRCAL tae. soi. sie jetjane co iecinta sioericlontelei ie lstaiseteiciets Pte ars yeas: ey IDOLE RH EODONE. on, o's a'iasa syne oa era sretetares arate sient 5: Sich teeaeet ..C0. putrigena. S. pores Jessrihan’ <OOQs ms Lome sysuclsienetatei se << ehistanstel erste CO. herbarwin. 8); Spores. more than’.0003 in. Tongs: (22s. 0 elise ib tae C. versutus. 9. Pileus squamose with a tawny tomentum, spores elliptical. .C. fulvotomentosus. 9. Pileus with a yellowish tomentum, spores globose...... osecceens Us QOTRQUS.
Crepidotus herens, Px. Sticky Agaric.
Pileus thin, four to twelve lines broad, convex, sessile, cuneiform or dimidiate, glabrous, or slightly squamulose, hygrophanous, viscid and striatulate on the margin when moist, white or whitish when dry; Jamelle moderately close, narrow, tapering toward each end, sub- cinereous. then brownish; spores e/liptical, pale-ferruginous, .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Decaying wood. Albany. September.
The elliptical spores and viscid pileus are the distinguishing charac- ters of the species. I know of no other viscid Crepidotus. The pileus is watery white or gray when moist, and white when dry, unless stained by the spores. The margin is very thin and the pileus is attached to the matrix by white filaments. The species is rare, having been observed but once.
Crepidotus haustellaris, /’. Kidney-shaped Agaric.
Pileus thin, four to ten lines broad, lateral or‘eccentric, reniform or suborbicular, plane, moist, slightly tomentose when dry, alutaceous or pale-ochraceous; lamellae broad, subdistant, rounded behind, slightly adnexed or nearly free, pallid, then brownish-cinnamon; stem short, distinct, solid, bulbous thickened at the base, whitened with a slight tomentose villosity ; spores elliptical, .00035 to .0004 in. long, .0003 broad. ;
Dead bark of poplars. Thurman, Warren county. October. Rare.
Our specimens differ from the European plant in being smaller and of a paler color. The pileus is also sometimes eccentric, though Fries describes it as “exactly lateral” in the European plant.. ‘The dimensions of the spores are taken from our specimens, no spore characters being given in any description of the species to which we have had access. Fries remarks that the species is “small, regular, not cxspitose, especially marked by the subconic stem and almost free lamellz.”
Crepidotus tiliophilus, P/. Linden-loving Agaric.
Pileus moderately thin, six to twelve lines broad, convex, minutely pulverulent, hygrophanous, watery-brown and _ striatulate on the margin when moist, dingy-buff when dry; lamelle rather broad, subdistant, rounded behind, adnexed, colored like the pileus, becom- ing ferruginous-cinnamon ; stem two to four lines long, about one line thick, solid, often curved, pruinose, with a white pubescence at
No. 104. | val
the base; spores subelliptical, brownish-ferruginous, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
' Dead trunks and branches of basswood, Tilia Americana. East
Berne, Albany county. August.
This plant is closely related to the preceding one from which I have separated it because of its larger size, smaller spores and stem not thickened at the base. The individual plants are also sometimes so closely crowded that they appear czespitose. It is possible that inter- mediate forms may yet be found that will connect these.
Crepidotus applanatus, £7. Flattened Agaric.
Pileus very thin, six to twelve lines long, four to ten broad, vari- able in shape, suborbicular, reniform, cuneiform or spathulate, plane or convex, sometimes slightly depressed behind, sessile or prolonged behind into a short compressed white-tomentose stem-like base, gla- brous, hygrophanous, watery-white and striatulate on the margin when moist, white when dry; lamelle very narrow, linear, crowded, decurrent, white, becoming cinnamon; spores globose, .0002 to .00025 in. broad.
Old stumps and much decayed wood. Common. July to Septem- ber.
It is very variable in the shape of the pileus, but it is commonly either cuneate or spathulate. It closely resembles Plewrotus peta- loides in this respect as well as in the narrow crowded lamelle and flattened. stem-like base. As in that species and others of this genus, the pileus quickly becomes convolute in drying, unless it is placed under pressure. The striations of the thin margin are often retained in the dried plant. In the 26th Report, our specimens were errone- ously referred to C. nephrodes, B. & C., from which they differ in the glabrous pileus and crowded linear lamelle. This last character dis- tinguishes it from all our other Crepidoti. It is gregarious and the pileus is often stained by the spores.
Crepidotus malachius, BD. & C. Soft-skinned Agaric.
-Pileus thin on the margin, thicker behind, eight to twenty-four lines broad, varying from reniform or suborbicular to cuneate or flab- ellate, nearly plane, sometimes depressed behind, sessile or prolonged behind into a short white tomentose rudimentary stem or tubercle, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery-white or grayish-white and striatu- late on the margin when moist, white when dry; lamelle close, swb- ventricose, rounded behind, white or whitish, becoming brownish-fer- ruginous ; spores globose, .00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Variety plicatilis. Pileus coarsely plicate on the margin.
Decaying wood in damp shaded places. Common. June to Sep- tember.
This resembles the preceding species in color and habit, but it is easily distinguished by its broader pileus and much broader Jamelle rounded behind. In drying, the moisture is retained longer by the thin margin than it is by the thicker disk. The striations are some-
tr | ASSEMBLY times retained in the dried specimens. By neglecting the spore characters, squalid spore-stained specimens of this species were erro- neously referred, in the 24th Report, to C. mollis, a species not yet found in our State, though it has been reported from North Carolina, Ohio and Massachusetts.
Crepidotus croceitinctus, 2. sp. Saffron-tinted Agaric.
Pileus eight to twelve lines broad, convex or nearly plane, sessile, glabrous, sometimes with a white villosity at the base, moist, yellow- ish ; lamelle moderately broad, rounded behind, whitish, becoming dull sajfron-yellow, then ferruginous ; spores ferruginous, sudglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 to .00025 in. long.
Decaying wood of poplar and beech. Adirondack mountains and Day, Saratoga county. July.
This species is separated from C. dorsalis by its glabrous pileus and its less globose spores, and from C. crocophyllus by its larger size, yel- low color and the absence of squamules from the pileus. Its spores are of a brighter ferruginous color than in most of our other species.
Crepidotus putrigena, B. & C. Rotten-wood Agaric.
Pileus thin, convex, subreniform, often imbricated, sessile, slightly tomentose with a more dense white villosity at the base, moist, striatu- late on the margin, whitish or yellowish-white; lamellz rather close, broad, rounded behind, whitish, becoming ferruginous; spores globose, -00025 to .0003 in. broad.
Decaying wood. Brewerton. September.
This species is perhaps too closely allied to C. malachius, from which it scarcely differs, except in the villose-tomentose pileus. The lamelle are three or four times broader than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus.
Crepidotus herbarum, Px. Herb-inhabiting Agaric.
Pileus thin, two to five lines broad, resupinate, suborbicular, clothed with a white, downy villosity, incurved on the margin when young, sometimes becoming reflexed, sessile, dimidiate and less downy; lamelle rather narrow, subdistant, radiating from a naked lateral or eccentric point, white, then subferruginous ; spores ellipti- cal, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00014 to .00016 broad.
Dead stems of herbs and dead bark of maple. North Greenbush and Adirondack mountains. August and September.
Crepidotus versutus, Pk. Evasive Agaric. Pileus four to ten lines broad, at first resupinate, then reflexed,
reniform or dimidiate, sessile, white, clothed with a soft, downy or tomentose-villosity, incuryved on the margin; lamelle rather broad,
No. 104. } 73
subdistant, rounded behind, radiating from a lateral or eccentric point, whitish, then ferruginous; spores subelliptical, .00035 to .0004 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad.
Decaying wood, bark, ete., in damp, shaded places. Common. June to October. :
This species, and C. herbarum appear to run together, and but for the marked difference in the size of their spores I should have united them. ‘The latter is not limited in its habitat to the stems of herbs, and the former sometimes, though rarely, occurs on them. C. her- barum is a smaller species with a thinner pileus, nearly always resupi- nate, and when reflexed, less densely tomentose. Its smaller spores especially distinguish it. Both appear to be closely allied to the European C’. chimonophilus, which seems to be distinguished by its a oe one elliptical” spores, and its few distant lamelle attenuated
ehind.
Crepidotus fulvotomentosus, P*.
Tawny-tomentose Agaric.
Pileus eight to twenty-four lines broad, scattered or gregarious, suborbicular, reniform or dimidiate, sessile or attached by a short, white-villose tubercle or rudimentary stem, hygrophanous, watery- brown and sometimes striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish, yellowish or pale ochraceous when dry, adorned with small, tawny, hairy or tomentose scales ; lamelle broad, subventricose, moderately close, rounded behind, radiating from a lateral or eccentric white vil- lose spot, whitish becoming brownish-ferruginous ; spores elliptical often uninucleate, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Decaying wood of poplar, maple, etc. Common. June to Oc- tober.
A pretty species, corresponding in some respects to the European C. calolepis, but much larger and with tawny, instead of rufescent scales. ‘The cuticle is separable and is tenacious though it has a hya- line gelatinous appearance. The pileus is subpersistent, and specimens dried in their place of growth are not rare.
Crepidotus dorsalis, P#. Dorsal Agaric.
Pileus eight to fifteen lines broad, sessile, dimidiate or subreniform, plane or slightly depressed behind, with a decurved substriate margin, slightly jfidrillose-tomentose, reddish-yellow; \amelle close, ventricose, rounded behind, radiating from a lateral white villose spot, yellowish, then brownish-ochraceous or subferruginous; spores globose, .00025 in. broad.
Decaying wood. Sprakers and Adirondack mountains. June and September. Buffalo. G. W. Clinton.
The tomentum of the pileus is more dense and conspicuous about the point of attachment, where it sometimes forms minute tufts or
scales. ; [Assem. Doc. No. 104.] - 10
Fic. Fic. Fig.
Fie.
Fig. Fic. Fic,
Fie. Fig.
Fic. Fic.
Fic. Fic. Fic. Fie,
Fic. Fic. Fic. Fig. Fic.
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go 10
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
ASCOMYCES EXTENSUS Peck.
A leaf partly killed and discolored by the fungus. An ascus containing spores x 400. Four spores x 400.
AGARICUs (NOLANEA) BABINGTONII Blow.
One young plant and two mature plants, the two at the left having the pileus moist and striatulate.
Vertical section of a pileus and the upper part of its stem,
Transverse section of the stem.
Three spores x 400.
PESTALOZZIA CONSOCIA Peck.
Part of a leaf with a discolored spot dotted by the fungus. Four spores, the one at the left immature x 400.
PESTALOZZIA CAMPSOSPERMA Peck. A leaf bearing the fungus. Four spores x 400.
SPHARELLA Lycopopit Peck.
Two spikes of the host plant bearing the fungus. A slightly magnified scale dotted by the fungus. An ascus containing spores x 400.
Four spores x 400.
GODRONIA CASSANDRA Peck.
Part of a branch bearing the fungus.
A receptacle magnified.
Vertical section of the same.
A paraphysis and two asci containing spores x 400. Three spores x 400.
CLAVARIA CIRCINANS Peck. Two plants. Five spores x 400.
SRR TOIL OS oo
OMI]
raALO: eit. wae vba. . 14,
me his ele oy. ~ LS.
ae . 20. Tae
» 22. . 23. . 24,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
DIAPORTHE MARGINALIS Peck.
Part of a branch bearing the fungus.
A pustule magnified.
Vertical section of a magnified pustule, showing three perithecia. Two asci containing spores x 400.
Four spores x 400.
DIAPoRTHE NEILLLe Peck. Part of a branch bearing the fungus. A perithecium magnified, its rostrum piercing the epidermis. Two asci containing spores x 400. Four spores x 400.
LeprospH@RIA Kaumia Peck. Part of a branch bearing the fungus. A piece of the bark with two perithecia magnified. A perithecium more highly magnified. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores x 400. Four spores x 400.
Lastapia A’scuut Peck.
Part of a petiole bearing the fungus. A perithecium magnified.
Two asci containing spores x 400. Four spores x 400.
Moniuia Pecrrana S. & V.
A leaf partly discolored and its petiole frosted by the fungus. Two chains of spores x 400. A single spore x 400.
M. PECKIANA var. ANGUSTIOR 3S.
Part of a raceme with four of its young fruits frosted by the fungus.
Two chains of spores x 400. Two spores x 400,
i
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Fic.
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co
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.
ASCOMYCES EXTENSUS Peck. A leaf partly killed and discolored by the fungus. An ascus containing spores x 400. Four spores x 400.
Aq@aricus (NOLANEA) BABINGTONII Blow.
One young plant and two mature plants, the two at the left having the pileus moist and striatulate:
Vertical section of a pileus and the upper part of its stem.
Transverse section of the stem.
Three spores x 400.
PESTALOZZIA consoctA Peck.
Part of a leaf with a discolored spot dotted by the fungus. Four spores, the one at the left immature x 400.
PESTALOZZIA CAMPSOSPERMA Peck.
A leaf bearing the fungus. Four spores x 400.
SPHARELLA Lycopopirt Peck.
Two spikes of the host plant bearing the fungus. A slightly magnified scale dotted by the fungus. | An ascus containing spores x 400.
Four spores x 400.
GODRONIA CASSANDRA Peck.
Part of a branch bearing the fungus.
A receptacle magnified.
Vertical section of the same.
A paraphysis and two asci Containing spores x 400. Three spores x 400.
CLAVARIA CIRCINANS Peck. Two plants. Five spores x 400.
Plate ]
39
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At rs PA Andree ce aryl 4) ’ Le bei ak DP. me Eye ; ’ ' ey RY api PR af Saati Vig eke, a apes ee Alen ue ALi HL ttesoted 4 tp mo) We! n't’ “ay “a | eS owes reyT| a 4 9 Joe is ei inl 4 neds; IE os) ' i, pa ' a is | ab Api ant ane oa |
7,
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
DIAPORTHE MARGINALIS Peck.
Fic. 1. Part of a branch bearing the fungus. Fic. 2. A pustule magnified. Fic. 3. Vertical section of a magnified pustule, showing three perithecia. Fra. 4. Two asci containing spores x 400. Fie. 5. Four spores x 400. DiarorTHE Nema Peck. Fig. 6. Part of a branch bearing the fungus. Fic. 7. ‘A perithecium magnified, its rostrum piercing the epidermis. Fic. 8. Two asci containing spores x 400. Fig. 9. Four spores x 400.
LeprospH@RIA Kaumras Peck. Fie. 10. Part of a branch bearing the fungus. Fre. 11. A piece of the bark with two perithecia magnified. Fic. 12. A perithecium more highly magnified. Fie. 13. A paraphysis and an ascus containing spores x 400. Fra. 14. Four spores x 400.
Lastapia Alscut Peck. Fic. 15. Part of a petiole bearing the fungus. Fic. 16. A perithecium magnified. Fic. 17. Two asci containing spores x 400. Fic. 18. Four spores x 400.
Moniita Peckrana 8. & V. Fic. 19. A leaf partly discolored and its petiole frosted by the fungus. Fic. 20. Two chains of spores x 400. Fia. 21. A single spore x 400.
M. PEcKIANA var. ANGUSTIOR S. Fre. 22. Part of a raceme with four of its young fruits frosted by the fungus. Fic. 23. Two chains of spores x 400. Fie. 24. Two spores x 400,
TOG. State Mus. Nat. Hist... 39 Plate 2.
Weed,Barsons & Co Albany, NY
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Pn iy ae , ~
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OF THE
~NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
OF
NATURAL HISTORY,
For the Year 1886.
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TRANSMITTED TO THE LEGISLATURE JANUARY 14, 1887.
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ALBANY: THE ARGUS COMPANY, PRINTERS, 1887.
‘
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“t
REPORT OF THE BOTANIS
Pan ee 4,
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daa yl ge Oe) ote Re
To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York:
GENTLEMEN: —I have the honor to communicate to you the following report :
In prosecuting the work of completing and arranging the State herbarium the past year, specimens of the plants of the State have been collected in the counties of Albany, Genesee, Essex, Hamil- ton, Livingston, Montgomery, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schoharie, Washington, Wayne and Wyoming. |
Specimens of 184 species have been added to the herbarium, of which twelve were contributed by correspondents, and 172 were collected by the Botanist. Of these 106 are new to the herbarium, and with two exceptions are new to our flora. Forty-seven of them are regarded as previously unpublished species. Among the added species are seven flowering plants, one moss and one lichen. The remainder are fungi. A list of the additions accompanies this report and is marked “A.”
The number of contributors is twenty-three. Among their con- tributions are specimens of many extra limital species, not included in the preceding enumeration. These are kept distinct from the herbarium proper, which represents the State flora. A list of the contributors and of their respective contributions is marked ‘ B.”
A paper containing notices of species not before reported, together with a record of their respective lozalities and descriptions of new species, is marked “ ©.”
Notes and observations concerning those not new to our flora will be found in a paper marked “ D.”
Wishing to obtain good flowering specimens of certain plants which grow upon the summit of Mt. Marcy, that locality was visited early in June. Although the snow had not yet entirely disappeared from that high elevation, several of the desired plants were in full bloom. Fine specimens were obtained of the alpine
—
‘
40 [A <SEMBLY,
rosebay, Rhododendron Lapponicum, the Lapland diapensia, Dzap- ensia Lapponica, the hairy fly honeysuckle, Lonicera cwrulea, and the dwarf birch, Betula glandulosa. The hairy fly honeysuckle and the small cranberry had not before been observed by me on the open summit of the mountain and should be added to the list of plants already published as belonging to that elevated station. July is given in the Manual and also in the State Flora as the time of flowering of the alpine or Lapland rosebay, but here it was flowering finely on the tenth day of June. Several new and interesting species of fungi rewarded my search in that bleak locality. Near the base of the mountain, the few fruited June berry, Amelanchier Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, enlivened the dark evergreen forest with its few pure white flowers. These are much scattered on the branches, there being only one, two or three in a place. The petals are broadly oval or almost erbicular, and the branches are wide-spreading, straggling and irregular. These features are so unlike the corresponding ones in other varieties of the species, that for the instant they almost compel us to believe that the plant is a distinct species rather than a mere variety. Yet, in less elevated and more open places connecting forms appear. Along Marcy brook, the rare mountain bush cranberry or tew flowered viburnum, Viburnum paucifiorum, was observed, but it was not yet in flower. At Ausable ponds the large leaved avens, Geum macrophyllum, was discovered. This is a notable addition to our flora. It is an inhabitant of the White mountain region of New Hampshire and of the Lake Superior region, whence it extends westward to the Sierra Nevada mountains, and northward to Sitka. This New York station is intermediate between the eastern one and the nearest western one. An interesting form of the northern Clintonia was also discovered at this time. Init, one or two lateral umbels project from the scape at short distances below the terminal umbel of flowers. I find no mention of this form in our botanies. It is apparently due to a very thrifty and vigorous condition of the plant. The number of flowers in an umbel often much exceeds the number ascribed in the descriptions of the botanies.
From time to time reports have reached me that a red-flowered form of the white water-lily, Vymphwa odorata, existed in some of the waters of the Adirondack region. As I had never been
No. 115.] 41
able to find such a plant myself, these reports were somewhat tan- talizing. Knowing that such a lily had been found in Massachu- setts, and learning of a definite locality where it was reported to have been seen in the Adirondacks, I determined to test the accuracy of this report, and to add, if possible, a specimen of such a rarity to the herbarium. Mud pond, in which it was said to grow, isasmall, boggy water-hole, between Long lake and Tupper’s lake. Upon visiting it I found an abundance of the white water- lily. There were a few flowers scattered about, in which the external petals were considerably tinged with red. When these flowers were but partly open, and viewed at a short distance, they had a decided pink-red appearance, and might easily be mistaken for the variety in question. But a closer examination invariably. revealed white interior petals, though in some instances these were slightly stained with red or pink on the exterior surface near the base.” Thus far the occurrence of the real red water-lily in the Adirondack region has not been verified by me; but this half-way approach to it indicates the possibility of its existence there, and raises the hope that it may yet be added to our flora. In this bog hole the bayonet rush, Juncus militaris, was found growing plenti- fully. It is an interesting addition to the idigenous plants of the State. On this trip, groves of larches or tamaracks, Larix Amert- cana, in three widely separated localities, were noticed, in which many of the trees were almost defoliated by the ravages of some insect. Among them were many trees already dead, evidently having yielded to the thorough manner in which they had been deprived of their foliage. It appears that the loss of a large per- centage of the larch trees of these noble forests must yet be added to the loss of many of the spruces through the agency of pestilent insects. .
Wishing to observe what influence had been exerted on the flora by the operation of the salt works at Warsaw and its neighboring - localities, that place was visited. It is well known that certain so-called seaside and salt marsh plants occur at Onondaga lake, about the salt works at Salina, and in other places where there are saline influences. It is evident that at Warsaw no saline influences have been present until quite recently. No salt springs come to the surface. The salt water is manutactured, so to speak, and pumped up from great depths. No salt marsh plants existed there when
42 [ ASSEMBLY,
the salt wells were first opened. Had any been introduced and established there since that time, was a question, the answer to which I wished to put on record. Nota single plant of this char- acter wasfound. The nearest approach to it is the common orache, Atriplex putula, which grows freely along the sea coast; but this plant is also capable of living and thriving in places remote from salt water or saline influences. It has followed the tracks. of our railroads till now it is a common plant along these thoroughfares in many places in the interior of the State. At Warsaw it is abundant, and occurs in several well-marked forms, thus showing well its disposition to vary. Its fondness for salt water, however, is shown by tho fact that it is especially vigorous along the ditches by which the waste brine is carried away, and it follows these for considerable distances. Some of the trees in the immediate vicinity of several factories were seen to be dead or dying. ‘Their death - was apparently due to the gaseous products of the combustion of coal which is used in rnnning the works. They were not in reach of the brine.
Two opinions are entertained concerning the liability of plants to the attacks of parasitic fungi. Some claim that, no matter how vigorous and healthy a plant may be, if the spores of its parasite lodge upon it the result will be the development in it of the disease. which that parasite generates in that particular host plant. Others claim that there is a difference in the susceptibility of plants of the same species to the attacks of the same parasite; that a plant in a weak, starved or feeble condition is more likely to yield to and suffer from the attacks of its parasites than is one of the same species which is strong, well fed and vigorous. In other words, it is claimed that the vigorous plants, though exposed to the action of the spores of the parasite, have the power to resist the develop- ment of the disease and to remain healthy and unaffected; while © the more feeble ones, exposed to the action of the spores of the same parasite, yield to the disease and suffer therefrom. This last claim is one of great practical importance, and if it can be shown to be well founded, a knowledge of it may be useful. Two - instances illustrative of it fell under my observation the past season.
At Warsaw a small patch of knotgrass, Polygonum aviculare, — was noticed. The plants were very small and starved in appear- |
No. 115.] 43
ance, and seemed to be struggling for existence. A close inspec. tion showed that many of them were affected by a parasitic fungus, Uromyces Polygent. On one side of this patch, and continuous with it, was one composed of taller, more healthy looking plants, These were entirely free from the fungus, thus indicating that the weakness of the plants in one patch had favored the development of the disease, while the strength of the plants in the other had resisted it. It might be said by the supporters of the other claim that the dwarfed and weak condition of the affected plants was dne to the presence of the fungus and not the predisposing cause of its presence. To one accustomed to observe this fungus, such an assertion would carry but little weight. But if we should admit the truth of this assertion, how should we explain the presence of the dwarf but unattacked plants in this patch ?
In low ground near the lake shore at Port Henry, were numerous seedling plants, apparently of the discoid tickseed, Coreopsis discoidea. This ground had been overflowed in time of high water, and when the water receded it left numerous heaps of small sticks, bits of bark and other floodwood. Many of the seedling tickseeds were growing on these heaps of rubbish where there was little or no soil to afford nutriment to their roots. Others were growing on the ground about them, having their roots imbedded in and nourished by the soil. The plants growing on the floodwood were in many instances infested by a parasitic fungus, Peronospora Hlalstedii ; but not a single affected plant could be found among those whose roots were in the soil. In this case the better nourished plants had escaped infection, although as much exposed to it as their less favored companions. Possibly there may be eases in which plants are liable to the attacks of parasitic fungi, no matter how strong and vigorous they may be, but it is-clear that this cannot be a rule without exceptions. Instances are not want- ing to show a greater susceptibility to attack in weak than in strong and well fed plants. Those who are accustomed to collect specimens of parasitic fungi soon learn, almost unconsciously, to look for them, either among feeble and starved plants or among those of unusually rank and luxuriant growth.
Very respectfully submitted,
CHAS. H. PECK, Axpany, December 15, 1886.
44
y [ AssEMBLY,
(A.)
PLANTS
ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM.
New tro tHE HeErparium.
Geum macrophyllum W7ld. Aster sagittifolius W7lld. Lactuea Seariola Z. Mimulus moschatus Dowg!.
Amianthium muscetoxicum G7. |
Juncus militaris Bigel. Alopecurus pratensis Z.
Distichium capillaceum 2B. & 8.
Calicium eusporum /Vy/. Collybia fuliginella P. Clitopilus subvilis P%. Hebeloma glutinosum Lind. Polyporus dryophilus Berk. P sinuosus /7.
iP: radiculosus Pk. Hydnum velatum B. & C. aT subfuscum Pk.
lew earbonarium Pk. Irpex ambiguus Pk. Porothelium papillatum PA. Thelephora dendritica Lerk. Stereum abietinum Pers. Hymenochete tennis 7h. Clavaria Kromholzii /7. Ehyioriie ta Carye Pk. phaseolina Sacc. Lycopersici Pk. phomiformis Sace. tumoricola Pk. populina Sace. spermoides Pk. faginea Pk.
vagans Pk.
fatiscens Ph. Symphoricarpi West. homa magnitructa Pk. leguminum West.
els ic ede
P: eupyrena Sacc. iP Populi P&. Ps herbarum West. P Castanea Pk. eh Dipsaci Sace. Apospheeria conica Sace. , Cytospora grandis Pk. Haplosporella Pini P2. Diplodia paupercula B. & C. Dy. Asparagi Pk. Stagonospora Chenopodii P&. Sate Stachydis 2. & D. fusca Pk. Stellarie /?. d& D. Sibirici Thum. solidaginicola PA. brevis Pk. populicola Pk. Smilacine “. & MM. Pilidium graminicola Pk. Gleosporium Robergei Desm. G. septorioides Sace. Gr. Lindemuthianam Sace. Melanconium betulinum Schm, M. dimorphum Pk, Marsonia Populi Sace. Coryneum tumoricola Pk. Scolecosporium Fagi Lzd. Pestalozzia Jefferisii L7dis. Monilia Martini S. & £&. M. cinerea Lon. Ramularia Barbares Pk. Coniosporium punctoideum
. Karst. Cladosporium Aphidis Zhwm. C. Asparagi /7. C. brevipes Pk.
Pere
No. 115.] 45
C. letiferum Pk. Cercospora Acetoselle Allis. Macrosporium tomato Che. Pilacre orientalis B. & Br. Graphium Sorbi P. Isariopsis alborosella Sacc. Fusarium Lycopersici Sacc. Peziza truncicomes (er.
i. alboviolascens A. & S. Helotium episphericum P%. Ascomyces letifer P*.
A. rubrobrunneus 7h. Erysiphe horridula Zev. Calospheeria ciliatula Aarst. Valsa Thuje Pd.
We exudans Pk.
Valsella adherens /ckl.
V. Laschii Sace.
Diatrypella quercina Vits.
Melanconiella Decorahensis Lllus.
Spherella Pinsapo Thum.
S. minutissima Lk.
S. alnicola Pk.
S. Pontederix Ph.
Diaporthe farinosa Pk.
D. sulphurea /ckl. ,
Valsaria Niesslii Sacc.
Leptosphaeria Asparagi Pk.
Massaria Pyrii O¢th.
Pleospora Shepherdize Ph.
Dothidella Alni P&.
Lophiotrema vestita Pk.
L. parasitica Pk.
Nor New vo THE HERBARIUM.
Thalictram purpurascens ZL. Nelumbium luteum Weld. Nympheea odorata Adz. Nuphar advena A7z. Nasturtium lacustre Gr. Arabis Drummondii @r. Cardamine hirsuta Z. Lepidium Virginicum Z. Lechea major Jw.
Polygala paucifolia Weld. Lathyrus palustris Z. Lespedeza violacea Pers. Geum rivale ZL,
Pyrus sambucifolia C. & S.
Amelanchier Canadensis 7. & G.
Ribes Cynosbati Z.
R. lacustre Povr.
R. prostratum ZL’ Her. Cornus paniculata £’ //er. Lonicera cerulea LZ. Symphoricarpus racemosns Mz. Aster acuminatus Jz.
A. Radula Azz.
- Solidago uliginosa Vutt. Hieracium pilosclla Z. Rhododendron Lapponicum
Wahl.
Hyssopus officinalis Z.
Polygonum tenue J/x. Diapensia Lapponica Z. Carya alba Vutt.
Quercus palustris Du Foz. Betula glandulosa J/z. Salix Cutleri Zuckmn. Abies alba A/a.
Orchis spectabilis Z. Clintonia borealis /éaf. Streptopus roseus JZx.
8. amplexifolius D. C. Polygonatum biflorum £'/. Luzulu parviflora Desv. Juncus articulatus ZL. Scirpus Eriophorum Jz. Scleria verticillata D/whl. Carex alopecoidea Tuckm. C. flava L.
C. longirostris Torr. Agrostis vulgaris W7th. Avena striata Mx. Panicum capillare Z.
Fe Crus-galli Z. Setaria glauca By. Triticum caninum ZL. Aspidium Goldianum //ook. Omphalia umbellifera Z. Pleurotus subareolatus Pk.
46 : [AssEMBLY,
Crepidotus herens P. Marsonia Juglandis Sace. Boletus subaureus Ph. Ramularia Plantaginis E.& M. Polyporus pubescens /7. Cystopus Bliti Lev.
| a cyphellzeformis B. d& C. | Peronospora Halstedii Hart. Trametes mollis 77. ly! gangliformis De By. Phlebia radiata 77. Trichothecium roseum Lk. Odontia fimbriata 77. Pezicula acericola Pk. Peniophora neglecta Pk. Uncinula adunea Zev.
Clavaria pinea Pk. Hypoxylon atropunctatum Schw. Gleosporium Martini S. &@ #. | Diaporthe acerina Sace.
BPNo: 115.] a7
Ws
(B.)
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.
Mrs. M. M. Parron, Berne, N. Y.
Cynoglossum grande Dougl. | Brodigea capitata Benth.
Mrs. I. B. Sampson, Albany, N. Y.
Sarracenia variolaris J/z. | Ruellia oblongifolia Mz. Polygala nana DC. | Eriocaulon gnaphalodes Jz. Hon. Davin Murray, Albany, N. Y. Viola lutea Sm. Sedum acre L. Arenaria verna ZL. S. saxatile ZL. Silene inflata Sm. Linnea borealis Gron: ‘Parnassia palustris L. Gnaphalium leontopodium Saxifraga aizoon Jacq. Willd. S. azoides L. Hieracium pilosella Z. 8. bryoides L. Loiseleuria procumbens Desv.
Prof. James Hatt, Albany, N. Y. Agaricus subareolatus Pk.
Cuartes E. Beecuer, Albany, N. Y.
Lenzites sepiaria /7. Deedalea glaberrima B. & C. Polyporus brumalis /?. Stereum versicolor /7. iE sanguineus L. Hypochnus rubrocinctus LAr. Trametes hydnoides /7. Geaster minimus Sch.
Gro. A. Rex, M. D., Philadelphia, Penn.
Hemiareyria stipata 2. Tilmadoche gyrocephalum Arcyria dictyonema 2. Mont. A. Crstedii &. . Physarum pulcherrinum B.&C. Trichia Jackii 7. 12 Petersii B. & C.
Rev. A. B. Lanetots, Pointe a la Hache, La. Cytospora pallida, Zi/is. Botryodiplodia diplocarpa Fusarium sarcochroum Desm. i. & E.
Ailographum ceespitosum /. & 7.) Meliola sanguinea £7dis. Dinemasporium Langloisii Zi/is. | Valsa hylodes Ellis.
48 [ ASSEMBLY,
E. C. Hows, M. D., Lansingburgh, N. Y.
Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. Triticum caninum Z. Alopecurus geniculatus ZL.
H. L. Grirris, Binghamton, N. Y. Polygala paucitolia Wedld. C. E. Smrrx, Philadelphia, Penn.
Baptisia tinctoria /?. Br. Linaria vulgaris A/d/. Polygala lutea Z.
P. H. Duptey, New York, N. Y.
Trametes Pini /7. | Polyporus versicolor Fr.
Prof. B. T. Gattoway, Columbia, Mo.
Cercospora condensata /. & A. | Cercospora Sanguinarize 2h.
C. Gymunocladi 2. & X. | Puccinia Seymerie Burrdd. C. rhuina C. & £. Septoria bacciligera Wéant. C. Plantaginis Sace. Gleosporium Aceris Che. C. Caulophylli P&. Marsonia Quercus P.
Prof. L. M. Unprrwoop, Syracuse, N. Y.
Puceinia curtipes Howe. Uromyces Trifolii ek. J
Prof. T. H. McBring, Iowa City, Lowa.
Boletus sphzrosporus 7h.
Jutius A. Bisxy, Flushing, N. Y.
Aster Radula Adz. Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ‘A. acuminatus J/z. Amianthium muscetoxicum
Gr.
7 Prof. F. Lamson Scrreyer, Washington, D. C. Arundo Donax ZL. A. P. Morean, Preston, O.
Polyporus endocrocinus Berk.
Prot. Wm. Trevease, St. Louis. Mo.
Lycoperdon delicatum BL. & C. | Dothidea viridispora Che. L. rimulatum Ph.
No. 115.]
49
8 Prof. W! A. Ketterman, Manhattan, Kansas.
Lenzites abietina /7. Panus stipticus 77. Polyporus adustus 77. lig brumalis /7,
Jags sulphureus Pr.
E applanatus /’7. ie picipes Fr.
E- fraxinophilus P&.
Trametes sepium Berk. Craterellus cornucopioides 7”. Stereum frustulosum /7?. Merulius tremellosus Schrad. Hydnum pallidum (. & £. Tremella foliacea 7. Gloeosporium stenosporum
Ei, de KE.
Vermicularia Dematium Fr. Darluea filum Cast. Leptostroma vulgare #7. 1 Actes Schw. ae Verbene 22. & D. _gaurina 7. dé XX. Nolitangeris Ger. Kalmicola B. & C. Helianthi #. & K. Verbascicola B. & C. Polygonoruin Desm. Mimuoli 2. & XK. Pruni Als. Cerastii 2. & D. Gei Desm. spheerelloides Z. & A. xanthifolia #. & KH. Sisymbrii £7/7s. Specularie B. d& C. Erigerontis Pk. lactucicola A & MM. Cacalie #. & A. hyllosticta Asiminee 2. & E. acericola B. & C. sinilacina &. & WY. Phaseoli Sace. Chenopodii West. Ampelopsidis 2. & I. Labruscee Thum. Podophylli Wént. Lyciit 2. & K.
(Assembly, Woz bh5:)
ahaha: hacha-daclachachac ci hak cic ch Eh cC CE
| Discosia maculecola Gear.
Phoma glandicola Desm.
‘Stilbospora ovata Pers.
Coniothyrium herbarum
C.d& £. Spheeronema Persicee Schw. Czoma mercurialis Lk.
| ColeosporiumCampanulacearum
| OC. Ker
FY. Sonchi Ju. Gi Senecionis “7. Agrimonize Bon.
| Uredo Stnilacis Sch. ‘Trichobasis Crotonis Cke. | Chrysomyxa pyrolatum Avoenzg.
Synchytrium Anemones Woron. S. mercurialis ek. Se Taraxaci De By.
| Reestelia penicillati 77.
R. lacerata Jud. Melampsora salicina Lev.
| A’cidium impatientatum Schw.
4
hebbhhhkERBEAREE
Allii-ursini Pers. Tragopogonis Pers. Prenanthis Pers Euphorbie Pers. leucospermum DC. rubellum Pers. Epilobii DC. (Enotherze Pk. Caladii Schw. Dicentree Tre. Ficarie Pers.
Violee Schum. Callirrhoes & & H. amphigenum £2! & X. Sambuci Schw. Verbenicola &. & KX. Ceanothi &. & KX.
Uromye es appendiculatus Lev. ue Zygadeni Pk.
Ue Euphorbie C. & P. We Lespedezee Schw.
WE Alchemille Pers.
U. Peltandrze Howe.
ite Hyperici Schw.
Ustilago Carbo 7/.
50 [ ASSEMBLY, - ji
UU; Syntherismze Schw. P.’ alta Feki. Phragmidium obtusum ZA. E. Halstedii Farl. Gymnosporangium macropus P. Oxybaphi /. & &, Schw. | P. Arthurii Parl. Puccinia Sorghi Schw. Cercospora Acalyphe Pk. P: Helianthi Schw. C. Ampelopsidis P&. i. Maris Wilsoni Clint. C. Chenopodii /7res. P: Amorphe Curt. CP Piantaginis Sace. PP: aculeata Lk. C. effusa “ilis. P. Artemisiarum Duby. C. Desmodii Z. & KX. lis Myrrhis Schw. C. condensata &. & K. ‘ Ee Xanthii Schw. Cercospora Gymnocladi 7 & K. BP: Malvastri Ph. C. chionea &. & K. P: nigrescens Pk. C. Isanthi &! & K. P.. Polygonorum Lh. C. rhuina C. & £. le solida Schio. C. microsora Sace. lee Cherophylli Purt. C. Teucrii ZL & KX. dem Menthe Pers. Peziza capitata Dk. det Silphii Schw. P floccosa Schw. Epicoceum spheerococcum Lerk. | P. nivea Fr. Sporocybe byssoides /7. Ascobolus pilosus F7. Fusicladium fasciculatum Phacidium Pini Schw. Ce FEB Medicaginis Schw. Helminthosporium gracile Cenangium triangulare Schw. Wallr. | Exoascus deformans Berk. H. interseminatum B. & PR. Cheetomium chartarum Cd. Macrosporium Maydis C.& #. | Cheetomella perforata #. & £. M. Solani #. d& If. Podospheria Kunzei Zev, M. Catalpe #. & iM. Phyllactinia suftulta eb. Polythrincium Trifolii Aze. Erysiphe lamprocarpa Lev. Stachybotrys lobulata Berk. Uncinula adunca Lev. Botrytis vulgaris /7. Lup Ampelopsidis Ph. Pyricularia grisea Sacc. |6P. macrospora Pk. Cylindrosporium Fraxini Microspheria Euphorbie B.&C. Hide K. ) M. Platani Howe. Microstroma leucospora Messi. | Diatrype disciformis 7. Ramularia Desmodii Che. D. bullata #?. R. Astragali 2. & 7. 1D: hypophlea B. & C. Rk. Grindelize H. & K. Xylaria Hypoxylon J. R. rufomaculans Ph. Hypoxylon sassafras Schw. R. Tulasnei Sace. H. atropunctatum Schw. Entyloma Ranunculi Bon. Rosellinia millegrana Sace. E. Physalidis Went. Dothidea perisporioides B. & C. Cystopus cubicus Lev. Stigmatea Robertiani /?. C. Bliti De By. Diaporthe spiculosa Jr. Peronospora sordida Berk. Phylachora Ulmi Fek?. Rs parasitica Zul. Heliosphzeria patella Grev. iP; gangliformis De By. Linospora caprese Ackl.
‘
No. 115.]
Venturia orbicula C. & P. Kellermania yuccagena 2. & EF. Leptospheeria doliolum Pers. Pleonectria denigrata Went. Ophiobolus porphyrogonus Sace. Melanomma pulvispyrius Pek. Gnomonia setacea Pers. Melanconis dasycarpa #. & PR. Spheeria Caryee C. & £.
Th TA A tn tA TA TA tA
Arthuriana Sace. anguillida C. & £. fulgida C. & P. pheerella decidua 7. & K. maculeformis Pers. sparsa Awd. polystigma Edis. Campanule #. & KX.
KE. J. Forster, M. D., Boston, Mass.
Hydnum auriscalpium Z. Scleroderma vulgare /7. Phyllosticta Sambuci Desi. Sporidesmium lepraria B. & Br. Phragmidium bulbosum ScAl. Ps mucronatum Lk.
Le gracile Grev. Triphragmium Ulmarie Zk. Puccinia graminis Pers.
Pe clandestina Carm.
Bi Umbilici Guep. Ustilago Carbo 7’wi.
Urocystis pompholygodes Sch/. Podisoma Sabine Fr. Roestelia lacerata 7'wi. Sepedonium chrysospermum LA. Chetomium elatum “ze. Hypomyces aurantius 771.
la lateritius Z%/.
H. rosellus Zw. Spheerotheca Castagnei Lev. Spheeria fimbriata Pers. Spherella Buxi DC. Stigmatea Robertiani 77.
H. C. Gorprnter, M. D., Troy, N. Y.
~ Ranunculus alismefolius Geyer. Lepidium campestre Z. Cerastium nutans 2af. Arenaria lateriflora L. Geranium Carolinianum Z. Trifolium hybridum Z. Mitella nuda Z.
Chrysopsis graminifolia Vvtt. Polygonum tenue Mx. Rumex Brittanica Z.
Blitum ecapitatum ZL.
Populus balsamifera Z.
Salix candida Weld. Thuja occidentalis ZL. Orchis spectabilis Z. Cypripedium spectabile Swartz. Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. C. Muhlenbergii Schk. C. alopecoidea Zuck. C. aurea Vit. Alopecurus geniculatus Z. Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Pardanthus Chinensis Aer.
J. Dunn, Albany, N. Y. A piece of wood of silver maple, showing the scar of an inscribed cross, both in the wood and the bark.
W.S. Haywarp, Sodus, N. Y.
A splinter of wood and fragments of stone broken by lightning.
\
52 [ ASSEMBLY, »
(C.) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED.
GEUM MACROPHYLLUM, Willd.
Adirondack mountains, near the inlet of Lower Ausable pond. In the Manual this species is accredited to the base of the White mountains, Northern Michigan, [linois and north-westward. Our newly discovered station is intermediate between the eastern and western localities recorded in the Manual. Flowering specimens were collected in June.
LACTUCA SCARIOLA, L. Introduced, but apparently well established, in Clyde, Wayne county. September.
MIMULUS MOSCHATUS, Dougl.
Introduced. ‘“ Well established in a bog near Locust Valley,” Long Island. Julius A. Bisky. August.
AMIANTHIUM MUSCZTOXICUM, Gr.
Valley Stream, Long Island. July. J A. Bisky. This is probably one of its most northern stations.
JUNCUS MILITARIS, Bigel.
Adirondack mountains. In Mud pond and Clear pond near Long lake. July. The bayonet rush grows in shallow water in these localities. Its panicle is not very conspicuous, and a superficial observer might easily mistake the plant for the great bulrush, Scirpus validus, which grows in similar situations. It spreads by creeping rootstocks which give origin to, new plants, sometimes at less than an inch from the parent plant. The capillary submersed leaves noticed by Dr, Robbins in flowing | water were not seen in these stations, in which the plants grow in quiet water. The whitish membranous scales that subtend the red- dish-brown or chestnut colored heads of flowers.are noticeable by reason of the contrast in colors.
No. 115.] 53
DISTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM, B & S.
_ Wet rocks and precipices. Adirondack mountains, Cascadeville. June. The distichous arrangement of the leaves, characteristic of the genus, is not very conspicuous in this moss, which at first sight somewhat resembles Dicranella heteromalla.
CALICIUM EUSPORUM, Nyl.
Bark of dead balsam, Adbzes balsamea. Chapel pond, Adiron- dack mountains. June. ‘This rare lichen has but recently been detected in this country. Mr. Willey informs me that he ferst found it about a year ago in the White mountain region.
COLLYBIA FULIGINELLA, N. sp.
Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes irregular or undulate on the margin, glabrous, even, fuliginous-brown, flesh white;. lamellze, rather narrow, close, rounded behind, adnexed or nearly free, white; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, subfibrillose, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus or a little paler, white tomentose at the base; spores subelliptical, .0003 to .00035 inch long, .0002 to .00025 broad, usually containing a single large nucleus.
Pileus 1.5 to 2.5 inches broad, stem 1.5 to 2 inches long, 2 to 3 lines thick.
Under or near arbor-vitee, Thuja occidentalis. Elizabethtown, Essex county. September.
In size and shape this species resembles Collybia dryophila, bat its color, which closely resembles that of Lactarzvus lignyotus, is
far different. CLITOPILUS SUBVILIS, N. sp.
Pileus thin, ceutrally depressed or umbilicate, with the margin decurved, hygrophanous, dark-brown and striatulate when moist, grayish-brown and silky-shining when dry; lamelle subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, whitish when young, then flesh-colored ; stem slender, brittle, rather long, stuffed or hollow, glabrous, colored like the pileus or a little paler; spores irregular, angular, .0003 to .0004 inches lung; odor weak or-none, taste farinaceous.
Pileus 8 to 15 lines broad, stem 1.5 to 3 inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Damp soil in thin woods. Karner, Albany county. October.
The species seems to be closely related to Clitopilus vilis, from
54 [ AssEMBLY,
which I have separated it because of its smooth and shining (not flocculose and opaque), pileus and its farinaceous taste. It was discoveredlin 1884, growing,in company with Lntoloma rhodopolium in such a way that it was taken to be a variety of it, and it was reterred to that species under the name var. wmbilicatum. This year it was found plentifully in the same locality, but entirely unaccompanied by /. rhodopolium. A more careful study of it leads me to the conclusion that it is a distinct species.
HEBELOMA GLUTINOSUM, Lind. Among fallen leaves and on half buried decaying wood, in thin woods. Conklingville. September. In wet weather the gluten is sufficiently copious to drip from the pileus. CORTINARIUS SUBFERRUGINEUS, Fr. Thin woods. Conkiingville. September.
POLYPORUS DRYOPHILUS, Berk. At the base of oak trees. Conklingville. July.
POLYPORUS SINUOSUS, Fr.
Decaying wood of maple, Acer saccharimum. Forestburgh, Sullivan county. September. The species is remarkable for and easily known by its sweet and agreeable fragrance, which has been likened to that of licorice.
POLYPORUS RADICULOSUS, N. sp. Resupinate, effused, thin, soft, tender, orange-yellow, the mycelum creeping in and over the wood, silky-tomentose, at first white, then yellow, forming numerous yellow branching root-like
strings or ribs which are more or less connected by a soft, silky tomentum ; pores rather large, angular, at first shallow, sunk in
the mycelium, the dissepiments Beceeee more elevated, thin and tragile ; spores elliptical, .0002 to .00025 inch long, .00012 to .00016 broad.
Half buried chips of poplar. ‘Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort. September.
The species is allied to P. Vazllantiz, in its peculiar rhizomor- phoid strings of mycelium, but from this it differs decidedly in its color and texture. In these respects it approaches P. bombycinus, of which it may possibly be a peculiar variety. It is very
No. 115.] 55
destructive to the wood on which it grows, causing it to become soft, brittle and even friable.
HYDNUM VELATUM, B. &C. Decaying wood of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort.
September. HYDNUM SUBFUSCUM, N. sp.
Resupinate, thin, soft, the margin and subiculum beneath white, tomentose, sometimes extended into branching strings of mycelium, the upper surface of the subiculum pale yellowish-brown or dingy- isabelline, when magnified, appearing as if sprinkled with minute shining particles; aculei slender, subulate, very acute, white when young, then with white tips or wholly colored like the sudiculum.
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Conklingville. September. In Z. himantia, which, in’some respects, this species resembles the teeth are described as obtuse and pulverulent.
“ HYDNUM CARBONARIUM, N. sp.
Resupinate, very thin, at first floccose-pruinose and white, then smoky-brown, sometimes retaining a white margin; aculei at first short, then longer, subulate or cylindrical, minutely ciliate at the apex, whitish when young, then smoky-brown.
Charred wood. Elizabethtown. September. The species is easily recognized by its peculiar color and by the ciliate or setulose tips of the teeth. It appears as if it had been smoked or scorched.
IRPEX AMBIGUUS, N. sp.
Resupinate, adnate; subiculum very thin, flocculose-pruinose, white, becoming pallid with age; aculei oblique, somewhat united at the base, minute, very variable, subulate and entire, or com- pressed, acute, truncate, branched, incised or subserrate, white when young, becoming pallid with age.
Decaying beech wood and bark. Adirondack mountains. September. —
It forms small irregular or interrupted patches. To the naked eye it resembles Hydnum pallidum, but the teeth are more or less united at the base, thus requiring it to be placed in the genus Irpex. Scarcely any two of them are exactly alike.
POROTHELIUM PAPILLATUM, N. sp.
Effused, very thin, flocculose-pruinose, white when young, soon pallid or isabelline, subwaxy and often rimose, the margin subin-
56 a [ AsseMBLY,
determinate: verrucae minute, subdistant, at first a limpid globule resting on the subiculum, then slightly prominent, papilliform, colored like the subiculum and crowned with a limpid globule which varies in color trom hyaline to amber.
Decorticated wood of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Elizabeth-
town. September. It forms patches several inches in extent. It
is apparently related to P. /riestz, but it is not membranous, the warts are colored like the subiculum and are not immersed in it.
THELEPHORA DENDRITICA, Berk.
Overspreading the hymenium of effete Polyporas applanatus. Adirondack mountains. September.
STEREUM ABIETINUM, Pers.
Prostrate trunk of spruce, Abies negra. Cascadeville, Adiron- dack mountains. June. ft
Our specimens agree with the description of the species to which we have referred them, but they present some interesting characters not mentioned in that description. It often happens that great perplexity arises because of the incomplete descriptions of some of the older authors. A careful examination of our speci- mens shows the presence of both sete and metuloids, the latter much more numerous than the former. Thus this species does for Stereum, Hymenochete and Peniophora what Dedalea confragosa does for Deedalea, Trametes and Lenzites,as was shown in the thirtieth report. It sets at naught the characters used in dis: tinguishing these genera, and bids defiance to the generic limits
assigned in the botanies. To the naked eye, the hymenium in our ,
specimens has a somewhat ‘velvety pruinose” appearance, but when examined by the microscope it is found to be abundantly furnished with projecting setiform bodies, some of which are smooth and colored, as in Hymenocheete; others are colorless and rough or minutely warted, as in Peniophora, Sometimes a single one is colorless and warted in the upper part, colored and smooth in the lower. And as if this was not enough of confusion to our former notions, the hymenium, though dry, becomes rimose as in many species of Corticium. The fungus sometimes forms patches several inches in extent by the confluence of individuals. It is nearly or quite one line thick, the intermediate stratum being
#1
No. 115.] BT
composed of erect fibres. Though dry, it is not very tough. The
spores are oblong or subfusiform .0005 to .0007 inch long, .0002
broad. HYMENOCHZETE TENUIS, N. sp.
Resupinate, very thin, even, forming elongated, more or less confluent, dark ferruginous patches, concolorous on the determinate margin, inseparable, rimose; sete acute, .0012 to .0025 inch long.
Decorticated wood of arbor-vitee, Zhuja occidentalis. Cascade-
ville. June. CLAVARIA KROMHBHOLZII, Fr.
Open woods. Brewerton and Adirondack mountains. September.
PHYLLOSTICTA LYCOPERSICI, N. sp.
Spots large, suborbicular, cinereous; perithecia minute, brown or blackish, opening by a single or sometimes by two pores ; spores abundant, oblong or elliptical, .00025 to .0003 inch long, .0001 to .00012 broad.
Fruit of tomato, ZLycopersicum esculentum. Menands, Albany county. July.
oe PHYLLOSTICTA PHASEOLINA, Sacc. ,
Leaves of cultivated bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Menands.
September. _ PHYLLOSTICTA CARYZA, N. sp
Spots large, irregular, often confluent, at first yellowish, then brown, sometimes becoming grayish in the center; perithecia minute, .004 inch broad, punctate, epiphyllous; spores irregularly elliptical, .0002 inch long, .00008 broad. ¢
Living leaves of hickory, Carya alba. Piffard. August.
PHYLLOSTICTA PHOMIFORMIS, Sacc. Living leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. September.
p
PHYLLOSTICTA TUMORICOLA, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, arid, pallid with a reddish or reddish-brown margin, apparently caused by insects; perithecia amphigencus or epiphyllous minute, .005 to .007 inch broad, depressed, brownish ; spores oblong or narrowly elliptical, colorless, .0004 to .0005 inch long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Living gall-spotted leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Karner. October. In P. phomiformis the spores are much larger than in
58 [ ASSEMBLY,
this species. The spots are centrally punctured and epee to have been produced by the stings of insects.
PHYLLOSTICTA POPULINA, Sacc. v. PARVA n. var. Living or languishing leaves of necklace poplar, Populus mon- alifera. Menands. October. Spots very small, orbicular, white, with a brown border; peri- thecia one to tour on a spot.
PHYLLOSTICTA SPERMOIDES, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, brown or cinereous with a brown border, sometimes confluent ; perithecia minute, .0014 to .0025 inch broad, numerous, hypophyllous, blackish ; spores minute cylindrical, .0002 inch long.
Living leaves of wild grape vine, Viizs, ripariva. Gansevoort.
September. PHYLLOSTICTA FAGINEA, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, small, often seriate or subconfluent, and arranged in rows parallel to the veins of the leaf, cinereous or red- dish-gray, with a reddish-brown border or wholly reddish-brown, subferruginous beneath ; perithecia few, epiphyllous, minute, .003 inch broad, black; spores ovate or elliptical, .0003 to .0004 inch long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Living leaves of beech, Fagus ferruginea. Argusville and Elizabethtown. September. ;
PHYLLOSTICTA VAGANS, N. sp.
Spots none; perithecia minute, .003 to .0035 inch broad, amphigenous, numerous, occupying the whole leaf, black; spores very minute, spermatoid, .00012 inch long, .00004 broad, some- times oozing out and forming a white globule.
Dead leaves of Smilacina racemosa. Conklingville. September.
This is a very anomalous species. But for the very short minute spores, it would accord better with Septoria than Phyl-
losticta. PHYLLOSTICTA FATISCENS, N. sp.
Spots rather large, suborbicular, pallid, generally marked by one or more elevated concentric lines, at length cracking around the margin and separating, wholly or in part, from the uninjured tissues of the leaf; perithecia minute, .004 inch broad, epiphyllous,
No. 115.] 59 * at first pale, then brownish; spores oblong, straight or slightly
curved, .00025 to .0004 inch long, .00012 to .00016 broad. Living leaves of yellow pond lily, Vuphar advena. Argusville, Schoharie county. July.
PHYLLOSTICTA SYMPHORICARPI, West. Living leaves of snowberry, Symphoricarpus racemosus. Cana-' joharie, Montgomery county. July.
PHOMA MAGNIFRUCTA, N. sp.
Perithecia small, .005 to .007 inch broad, scattered, subglobose, erumpent, black; spores oblong-tusiform, .0009 to .0012 inch long, -0003 to .0004 broad ; sporophores short.
Cone scales of arbor vite, Zhuja occidentalis. Keene, Essex county. June.
This species is readily distinguished from others inhabiting cone scales by its large spores.
PHOMA LEGUMINUM, West. Legumes of locust, Robinia pseudacacia. Piftard. August.
PHOMA OLERACEA, Sacc v. DIPSACI Sacc. Dead stems of teasel, Dipsacus sylvestris. Wallington, Wayne county. September. PHOMA EUPYRENA, Sacc. Dead potato stems. Menands. October.
PHOMA POPULI, N. sp.
Perithecia minute, .003 to .004 inch broad, epiphyllous, grega- rious, black, opening by a large pore; spores cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, .0006 to .0008 inch long, .00012 broad.
Dead leaves of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Elizabethtown.
September. PHOMA HERBARUM, West.
Dead stems of wormwood, Artemisia vulgaris. Port Henry.
June. PHOMA CASTANEA, N. sp.
Perithecia numerous, surrounding the branch, .011 to .014 inch broad, erumpent, black; spores minute, oblong or cylindrical, -00025 to .0003 inch long, .00006 to .00008 broad ; sporophores short.
Dead branches of chestnut, Castanea vesca. Sandlake. May.
60 [ ASSEMBLY,
APOSPHZERIA CONICA, Sacc.
Decaying oak wood. Piffard. August.
CYTOSPORA GRANDIS, N. sp.
Pustules large,two to three lines broad, ellipsoid or suborbicular, sear-like, ferruginous from the ruptured bark; loculi numerous; speres minute, curved, .0002 inch long,
Dead bark of sumach, Rhus typhina. Gansevoort. September.
HAPLOSPORELLA PINI, N. sp.
Perithecia valsoid, czespitose, three to five in a cluster, sunk in the inner bark, erumpent ; spores globose or subelliptical, colored, .0005 to .0006 inch long.
Dead bark of white pine, Pinus Strobus. Elizabethtown. June.
DIPLODIA PAUPERCULA, B. & Br.
Dead branches of elder, Sambucus Canadensis. Adirondack mountains. June.
DIPLODIA ASPARAGI, N. sp.
Perithecia gregarious, subglobose, minute, opening by a-papillate pore, black; spores elliptical, colored, .0008 to .001 inch long, .0005 broad.
Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October.
STAGONOSPORA CHENOPODII, N. sp.
Spots few, large, brown or yellowish-brown; perithecia minute, .004 to .005 inch broad, black; spores oblong, obtuse, biseptate or triseptate, constricted at the septa, colorless, .0008 to .001 inch long, .0003 to .0004 broad.
Living leaves of goose-foot, Chenopodium album. Menands.
August. SEPTORIA STACHYDIS, R. & D.-
Living leaves of hedge nettle, Stachys aspera. Port Kent. June.
SEPTORIA FUSCA, N. sp.
Spots blackish-brown, indefinite, occupying the lobes of the leaves or their margins; perithecia epiphyllous, black; spores filiform, straight, slightly curved or flexuous, .0016 to .002 inch long.
Living or languishing leaves of wormwood, Artemisia vulgaris. Port Henry. June.
It differs from S. Artemisiw in its indefinite spots and longer spores.
No. 115.] ms 61
SEPTORIA STELLARIZA, R. & D. Living or languishing leaves of chickweed, Stellaria media. Aden Lair, Adirondack mountains. June. SEPTORIA SIBIRICI, Thum. Living leaves of fetid currant, Ribes prostratum. Adirondack mountains. September.
SEPTORIA SOLIDAGINICOLA, N. sp.
Spots small, angular, white or whitish on the upper surface, darker beneath, surrounded by a brown or reddish brown border ; perithecia few, usually one or two on a spot, epiphyllous, sub- globose, blackish ; spores linear, straight, subacute, simple, .001 to .0016 inches long, .00016 broad.
Living leaves of goldenrod, Solidago arguta. Cobble hill, near Elizabethtown. September.
Distinguished from S. Solidaginis by its longer continuous spores, which are neither septate nor nucleate.
SEPTORIA BREVIS, N. sp.
Spots none; perithecia scattered, epiphyllous, minute, .003 to 004 inch broad, opening widely, black; spores short, .0004 to | .9005 inch long, .00006 broad, straight or slightly curved.
Dead leaves of Soizdago Virgaurea v. alpina. Mt. Marcy. June.
Distinct from other species inhabiting solidago, by its very _ short spores, which resemble somewhat the allantoid spores of species of Valsa.
SEPTORIA POPULICOLA, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, reddish or brownish red with a narrow blackish border on the upper surface, grayish on the lower; perithecia hypophyllons, few, pale, opening widely ; spores filiform, curved, two to four-septate, .0025 to .003 inch long .00012 to .00016 broad.
Living leaves of balm of Gilead, Populus balsamifera. Keene. June.
Distinguished from other species found on poplar by its long - pluriseptate spores. The perithecia are but slightly developed.
SEPTORIA SMILACINA, E. & M.
Languishing leaves of Smilacina racemosa. Sandlake-
September.
62 | ASSEMBLY,
PILIDIUM GRAMINICOLA, N. sp.
Perithecia minute, .008 to .014 inch broad, depressed, erum- pent, orbicular or hysteriform, membranous, opening widely, black, the disk whitish, the mouth laciniate-dentate; spores oblong or subfusiform, colorless, triseptate, .0012 to .0016 inch long, .0004 to .00045 broad ; sporophores short, colorless.
Dead leaves of blue joint, Calamagrostis Canadensis. Mount Marcy. June.
GLHOSPORIUM LINDEMUTHIANDUM, Sacc. Living bean pods, especially of the butter or wax bean. Menands. August. An injurious fungus that produces brown spots on the pods, thus spoiling their appearance and diminishing their value.
GLGOSPORIUM SEPTORIOIDES, Sacc.
Living leaves of white oak. Quwercus alba. Gansevoort.
September. GLGOSPORIUM ROBERGEI, Desm.
Living leaves of water beech, Carpinus Americana. Gansevoort. September.
MELANCONIUM BETULINUM, Schm. Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Menands. September. Distinguished from J. bicolor by its longer spores.
MELANCONIUM DIMORPHUM, N. sp.
Pustules small, subcutaneous, slightly prominent, subconical, black, containing a small white stroma; spores of two forms, one narrow, cylindrical, straight or curved, .0003 to .0004 inch long, .00008 broad, the other oblong, elliptical or subfusiform, colored, .0004 to .0005 inch long, .0002 to .00025 broad, oozing out in a black mass or in tendrils.
Dead branches of alder, Alnus viridis. Adirondack mountains. June.
Remarkable for the two kinds of spores. In some pustules the broader spores are more numerous, in others the narrower ones, but both kinds were found in all the pustules examined. Can the narrow ones be broken or effete sporophores 4 ;
No. 115.] 63
MARSONIA POPULI, Sacc. Living leaves of Populus monilifera. Menands. July.
CORYNEUM TUMORICOLA, N. sp.
Spots scattered, suborbicular, pallid with a reddish-brown border, apparently produced by insects; heaps epiphyllous, minute, dot- like, unequal, black; spores oblong, triseptate, colored, .0004 to .0005 inch long, 00016 broad, at length breaking from the sporophores.
Living leaves of elm, Ulmus Americana. Adirondack moun- tains. July. Thespots in this instance, as in that of Phyllosticta tumoricola, appear to be due to the stings of insects. A central aperture or puncture is visible in the spots and the fungus occurs on only a part of them.
SCOLECOSPORIUM FAGI, Lib. Dead branches of alder, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. September. The typical form occurs on beech, but I find no essential differences in the form on alder. Alassaria macrosperma, the ascigerous form has not yet been observed with us.
'PESTALOZZIA JEFFERISII, Ellis. Leaves of wild grape, Vitis riparia. Gansevoort. September. The fungus occurs on spots which are apparently produced by a
sterile Rhytisma. MONILIA MARTINI, E. &S.
Old corn cobs. Menands. September.
MONILIA CINEREA, Bon.
~On plums. Sandlake. Closely related to Monilia fructigena, with which the species has been united by some authors.
RAMULARIA BARBAREZA, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, arid, white, generally bordered by a slightly thickened brown line ; flocci amphigenous, either short and branched or longer and simple ; spores oblong or cylindrical, often catenulate, rarely uniseptate, .0004 to .0009 inch long, .00012 to .00016 broad.
-
Living leaves of winter cress, Barbarea vulgaris. Highland —
Mills and Port Henry. June.
64 [ ASSEMBLY,
This species is closely related to R. Armoracie, from which it may be distinguished by the whiter mostly margined spots, the . shorter hyphz and the catenulate spores.
CONIOSPORIUM PUNCTOIDEUM, Karst.
. - 5 : ~ Pe Decorticated wood of arbor vite, Thuja occidentalis. Adiron- dack mountains. June.
CLADOSPORIUM APHIDES, Thum. . Dead aphides of Phragmites communis. Bergen Swamp.
June. CLADOSPORIUM ASPARAGI, Fr.
Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October.
CLADOSPORIUM BREVIPES, N. sp.
Spots suborbicular, cinereous ; flocci densely czespitose, short, .001 to .0015 inch long, dark olivaceous, almost black in the mass, amphigenous, septate; spores terminal, elliptical, .0005 to .0006 inch long, .0003 to .0004 broad.
Living leaves of white oak, Quercus alba. Menands. July. This species forms minute compact tufts, so distinct and well defined that they might easily be mistaken for perithecia.
CLADOSPORIUM LETIFERUM, N. sp.
Spots dark brown, irregular, large, often involving the whole leaf; tufts epiphyllous, subeffused, olive green, the hyphe very short, almost obsolete; spores oblong-pyriform, uniseptate or biseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, .0008 to .0012 inch long, .0003 broad.
Living leaves of poplar, Populus tremuloides, Keene. June.
This fungus often kills the leaves it attacks. When the spores have a single septum the two cells are unequal; when they have - two septa the middle cell is generally larger than the terminal ones. The species differs from C. Astevoma in the shape and character of the spores and in its more effused habit.
CERCOSPORA ACETOSELLZ, Ellis. Living leaves of yellow dock, Rumew crispus. Elizabethtown. September. Our specimens differ slightly from the type and may be designated variety maculosa. Spots numerous, small, suborbicular, grayish,
No. 115.] 65
surrounded by an elevated margin and a brownish-red border ; spores at length with one or two septa.
MACROSPORIUM TOMATO, Cke. Decaying fruit of tomato. Menands. October.
PILACRE ORIENTALIS, B. & Br.
Dead bark of alders, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. September.
In our specimens the sporiferous branches are sometimes elon- gated and flexuous and the young plant wholly white, in which respects they differ from the typical form of the species. But the stem soon becomes cinereous and finally the whole plant is umber-brown. Young plants sometimes grow from the base of old ones, sometimes from the head.
GRAPHIUM SORBI, N. sp.
Spots generally small, oue to two lines broad, orbicular, definite, reddish-brown ; stems hypophyllous, rather stout, equal or slightly tapering upward, the component flocci diverging and colorless at the apex ; spores oblong, hyaline, .0008 to .001 inch long, .00025 to .0008 broad, sometimes with two to four minute nuclei.
Living leaves of mountain ash, Pyrus Americana. Adirondack mountains. July.
ISARIOPSIS ALBOROSELLA, Sacc. Living or languishing leaves of chickweed, Cerastium vulgatum. Keene. July. I find only uniseptate spores in our specimens.
FUSARIUM LYCOPERSICI, Sacc.
Fruit of the tomato. Menands. Angust.
A malady affects the fruit of the tomato. In the vicinity of Albany, the past season, the first ripening tomatoes were found almost. invariably to be soft and decaying. A brown or discolored epot, usually located at the flowering end of the fruit, appears to be the origin and center of the disease. This spot often makes its appearance while the fruit is yet green. This Fusarium soon develops on this spot, appearing in the form of minute pallid dots, or in more effused patches which are of a pinkish or an orange hue. With advancing age it assumes a more or less brownish hue. If the affected tomato be cut open its inner flesh often exhibits a
[Assembly, No. 115.] 5
66 | ASSEMBLY, ©
peculiar purplish tint. In ashort time the white floceulent threads of the fungus appear on the cut surface, soon to be followed by the. more waxy and colored patches of spores, thus showing that the mycelium has permeated the diseased flesh of the tomato. The affected tomatoes become very watery and any surface on which a diseased tomato lies, soon becomes wet from the exuding juices. From the constaney with which this fungus appears in connection with the disease, it would appear that it might be regarded as the — cause of the decay, but there are circumstances that point to some more subtle agent of the mischief. Further investigation is neces- sary to determine satistactorily the source of the disease.
PEZIZA TRUNCICOMES, Ger.
Decaying prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Knowersville, Albany county. May.
PEZIZA ALBOVIOLASCENS, A. &&. Old chestnut rails. Conklingville. Septembers
HELOTIUM EPISPHZERICUM, N. sp.
Receptacle minute, .012 to .02 inch broad, gregarious, subsessile, at first subhyaline, then reddish-yellow, the disk nearly plane, asci subeylindrical; spores oblong or lanceolate, .0002 to .00025 inch long, .0001 to .00012 broad.
On old Hypoxylon Morsei. Elizabethtown. September.
It resembles 7. citrinwm in habit, but is very much smaller.
ASCOMYCES LETIFER, N. sp.
Indefinite, hypophyllous, often oecupying the whole lower sur- face of the leaf and suftusing it with a glaucous bloom ; asci eylin- drical, obtuse or subtruncate, .0016 to .002 inch long, .0006 to .0008 broad: spores minute, varying from narrowly elliptical to subglobose, .00016 to .0002 inch long, .00008 to .00012 broad.
Living leaves of mountain maple bush, Acer spicatum. Eliza- bethtown. June.
The species is very distinct from A. polysporus, which forms definite spots. The attacked leaves soon turn black, wither and die. Sometimes all the leaves on a branch are affected and the fungus then causes a veritable blight.
No. 115.] 67
ASCOMYCES RUBROBRUNNEVUS, N. sp.
Spots definite, variable, small and suborbicular or large and irregular, sometimes confluent, usually concave above, convex below, dull reddish-brown above, paler below; asci oblong, trun- cate at the apex, .002 to .003 inch long, .0006 to .0009 broad ; spores minute, subelliptical, .00012 to .00016 inch long, .0006 to .0008 broad.
Living leaves of red oak, Quercus rubra. Sandlake. September.
In some respects this approaches A. alutarius, from which the color of the spots, larger asci and different shape of the spores will distinguish it.
ERYSIPHE HORRIDULA, Lev.
Abundant on corn gromwell, Lethospermum arvense. Port Henry. June.
Our specimens were too young when collected to show the spore characters, and are to this extent doubtful.
CALOSPHZERIA CILIATULA, Karst. Dead trunks and branches of white birch, Betula popu Menands. September.
VALSA THUJA, N. sp.
Pustules scattered, slightly prominent, closely covered by the epidermis ; perithecia nestling in the inner bark, subcircinate, five to ten in a pustule; asci oblong-clavate, .0014 to .0016 inch long ; spores allantoid, .0004 to .6005 inch long, .00008 to .0001 broad.
Dead*branches of arbor vite, Thuja occidentalis. Elizabeth- towp. September.
VALSA EXUDANS, N. sp.
Perithecia collected in a cortical stroma, thin, crowded, angular, closely covered by the pustulately elevated, irregularly ruptured epidermis, ostiola obscure or concealed beneath the defiled epider- mis; asci very slender, cylindrical, .0016 inch long, .00016 broad ; spores minute, oblong, straight, colored, .0002 inch long, oozing out and staining the surface of the matrix.
’ Dead bark of alders, Alnus incana. Elizabethtown. September.
This is an anomalous species and does not agree well with the generic characters. The straight, colored and oozing spores are unusual and peculiar features.
68 | ? [ ASSEMBLY,
VALSELLA ADHERENS, Fckl.
Corticated trunk and branches of white birch, va pagans Sandlake. September.
In our plant the disk is often whitish or grayish trom the adhering remains of the epidermis; the perithecia are five to twelve in a pustule and the spores are colored in the mass. It is apparently a variety of the species and may be called var. Americana.
VALSELLA LASCHII, Sacc.
Dead whitened twigs of Acer spicatum. Port Henry. June. In our specimens the black stroma is apparent through the translucid epidermis, and the white disk, though small, is plainly seen by contrast. The asci are very broad, .6016 to .002 inch long, .0005 to .0006 broad. This form may be designated var. acerina.
DIATRYPELLA QUERCINA, Nits.
Dead branches of thorn, Crategus tomentosa. Elizabethtown. September.
Although oceurring on thorn branches, there does not appear to be any good characters for separating this fungus from the species to which I have referred it.
SPHAARELLA MINUTISSIMA, N. sp.
Perithecia very numerous, occupying the whole lower surface of the leaf, very minute, .002 to .0025 inch broad, veiled by the epider- mis, black; asci oblong or slightly narrowed toward the apex, .0016 to .002 inch long, .0008 to .0004 broad; spores crowded, oblong, straight, obscurely septate in the middle, .0006 to .0007 inch long, .00016 broad.
Dead leaves of alder, Alnus incana. Adirondack mountains. June.
The perithecia are scarcely visible to the naked eye. The affected leaves remain on the branches through the winter. They had not yet fallen in June.
SPHZERELLA ANLICOLA, N. sp. Perithecia small, .0035 to .0045 inch broad, hypophyllous, clus- tered or scattered, naked, black ; asci oblong or subclavate, .002 to .0025 inch long, .0005 to .0006 broad; spores crowded, lanceolate,
No. 115.] . 69
uniseptate, often slightly curved, .0009 to .0011 inch long, .00016 broad.
Dead leaves of alder, Alnus viridis. Mt. Marcy. June. The The spores are narrowed toward one end and septate in the middle. The species is evidently distinct from S. Alnz viridis in its larger exposed perithecia, in the shape of its spores and in wanting a dematiaceous stroma. Apparently the same species was found near Elizabethtown, but without fruit.
SPHZZERELLA PONTEDERIZA, N. sp.
Spots rather large, six to ten lines long, oblong or elliptical, sometimes confluent, brown above, blackish brown or grayish brown below; perithecia minute, .003 inch broad, hypophyllous, black; asci oblong or subfusiform, .002 to .0025 inch long, .0005 broad; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong-clavate, uniseptate, sometimes quadrinucleate, .0006 to .0008 inch long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Languishing leaves of pickerel weed, Pontederia cordata. Whitehall, Washington county. September.
Apparently related to S. Caladu, but with longer spores and
different spots. SPHZERELLA PINSAPO, Thum.
Fallen leaves of arbor-vite. Port Henry. June.
DIAPORTHE SULPHUREA, Fckl. Dead stems and branches of hazelnut, Corylus rostrata. Ganse- voort. September. This species is easily recognized by the beautiful yellow spurious stroma that extends everywhere under the epidermis of the affected branches.
DIAPORTHE (CHOROSTATE) FARINOSA, N. sp.
Stroma somewhat pulverulent or mealy, dull buft color, formed of the slightly changed inner bark, erumpent in a minute slightly exserted disk ; perithecia valsoid, irregularly circinating, generally four to ten in a circle, the clusters subconfluent, ostiola black, dotting the prominent pulverulent buff colored or at length brownish disk; asci subcylindrical, .0024 to .003 inch long, .00035 to .0004 broad ; spores crowded or biseriate, oblong or subfusitorm,
-uniseptate, generally quadrinucleate, .0006 to .0008 inch long,
.00016 to .0002 broad.
<4
70 [ ASSEMBLY,
Dead branches of basswood, Zilia Americana. Argusville. July. .
This species approaches DP. furfuracea in its pulverulent stroma, but it differs in its prominent disk, which renders the affected branches rough to the touch, and in its smaller quadri- nucleate crowded or biseriate spores. From D. velata it is easily separated by the entire absence of any black circumscribing line or blackened surtace. It evidently belongs to the subgenus Chorostate, but the clusters of perithecia are so numerous and’ so closely and almost confluently placed that they form an almost continuous stratum which surrounds the branch and extends long distances under the epidermis.
MELANCONIELLA DECORAHENSIS, Ellis.
Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Gansevoort. September.
In the typical form the disk is described as “sordid gray.’ In our specimens, both it and the stroma are yellowish green and pulverulent. On the smaller branches the disk is smaller and the ostiola are less prominent than on the larger ones. When the epidermis is torn away the perithecia adhere to it. The young spores are colorless and subacute at each end. The mature ones are colorled; obtuse and constricted at the septum.
The conidia ooze out and form orbicular black patches one to two lines broad. These are very conspicuous by reason of the con- trast between their color and the white color of the matrix.
VALSARIA NIESSLII, Sacc. Dead bark of white birch, Betula populifolia. Menands.
September. LEPTOSPHZRIA ASPARAGI, N. sp.
Perithecia broadly conical, .01 to .014 inch broad, at first covered by the pierced epidermis, then naked, black; asci clavate or cylin- drical, short pedicellate, .003 to .004 inch long, .00045 to .0006 broad ; spores oblong or subfusiform, crowded, .0008 to .0012 inch long, .0003 broad, at first colorless and triseptate, then slightly colored and five-septate, constricted at the septa.
Dead stems of asparagus. Menands. October.
MASSARIA PYRI, Otth. ©
3ark of pear and apple trees. Albany. May.
No. 115.] . 71
e¥) PLEOSPORA SHEPHERDIA, N. sp.
Perithecia scattered, small, .014 to .018 inch broad, covered by the epidermis, erumpent, black ; asci cylindrical, .006 to .008 inch long, .0006 broad ; spores uniseriate, oblong, generally triseptate, rarely five-septate, with one or two longitudinal septa, constricted in the middle, colored, .0008 to .001 inch long, 0003 to .0004 broad.
Dead branches of Shepherdia Canadensis. Port Henry. June.
DOTHIDELLA ALNI, N. sp.
Stroma orbicular, one to three lines broad, thin, convex and black above, concave, brown or grayish-black and_papillosely rugulose below ; asci cylindrical ; spores ovate-elliptical, obscurely uniseptate near one end, colorless, .0006 to 0008 inch long, .0008 to .00035 broad.
Dead leaves of Alnus viridis. Mt Marcy. June.
‘ The spores are very unequally divided, the smaller cell appearing
like an umbo. LOPHIOTREMA VESTITA, N. sp.
Perithecia closely gregarious, small, .014 to .02 inch broad, sunk in the wood, erumpent, conical, clothed with a slight tawny- ferruginous pulverulent tomentum, ostiola naked, black, sulterete or compressed ; asci clavate, .006 to .007 inch long, .0006 to .0007 broad ; spores crowded, subfusiform, at first biconic and uniseptate, then triseptate or quadrinucleate, constricted in the middle, color- less, .0012 to .0016 inch long, .00038 to .0004 broad.
Decorticated wood of poplar, Populus tremuloides. Gansevoort. September. : Readily distinguished by the tawny, pulverulent tomentum of
the perithecia. LOPHIOTREMA PARASITICA, N. sp.
Perithecia crowded, subsuperficial, .014 to .02 inch broad, clothed with a minute subcervine pulverulent tomentum, becoming blackish-brown with age, the ostiola prominent, subterete or com- pressed, clothed like the perithecia; asci subclavate, .005 to .006 inch long, .0006 to .0007 broad; spores crowded, at first biconic, then triseptate, constricted in the middle, colorless, .0012 to .0016 inch long, .0003 broad.
On old Hypoxylon Morsei. Elizabethtown. September.
This and the preceding species appear to be peculiar by reason of the pulverulent tomentum of the perithecia. They would seem to constitute a distinct section of the genus.
72 [ AssEMBLY,
(D-) NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS,
THALICTRUM PURPURASCENS, L.
A singular Thalictrum was found on the shore of Lake Cham- plain, near Port Henry. Its leaves were thin and delicate, quite small, and five to seven-lobed, resembling those of Thalictrum dioicum. Some had a general petiole, others had none. The flowers were almost dicecious, the anthers resembling those of Thalictrum purpurascens, though perhaps they were a little more slender and more strongly mucronate. The plants had the general aspect of 7. purpurascens, except the leaves, which resembled more those of 7. dioicum. T. dioicum in the same locality was past flowering, it being now the middle of June, and had developed its fruit to full size. Whether this plant is a hybrid between T. didicum and T. purpurascens, or a variety of the latter, or a distinct species, is the question to be solved. Similar forms have been regarded by Prof. Trelease as hybrids.
NASTURTIUM LACUSTRE, Gr. Black creek, near Bergen.
ARABIS DRUMMONDIYI, Gr. Port Henry. A form with spreading pods.
GEUM RIVALE, L.
A form with pale yellow or cream-colored flowers was collected in the Adirondack mountains. It is not rare in that locality.
‘RIBES CYNOSBATI, L.
A very lax form of this plant occurs at Cascadeville, in the Adirondack mountains. The branches are long and slender, and the flowers are much scattered and very long pedicelled. It is. associated in this locality with Ribes rotundifolium, R. lacustre and J. prostratum. All were in flower at the same time. The last species occurs abundantly at Lower Ausable pond, where
No. 115.] 73
nearly ali the young fruit of a large patch was found infested by Spherotheca Mors-uve Schw., which fungus is probably a mere variety of Sphawrotheca pannosa Lev.
ASTER SAGITTIFOLIUS, Willd.
This fine aster has not hitherto been represented in the herba- rium. It is recorded in the New York State Flora as a rare plant in New York. Fine specimens were found neat Piffard, Liv- ingston county, and it occurs in great abundance along the railroad between that place and Rochester.
ASTER ACUMINATUS, Mx.
Gien Cove, Long Island. J. A. Bisky. A very noticeable station for this mountain-loving plant.
SOLIDAGO ULIGINOSA, Nutt.
Bergen:swamp. A very slender form, with unusually narrow and entire leaves, and a rather short panicle, sometimes slightly recurved,
SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS, Mx.
Near Canajoharie. The variety pauciflorus in rocky places, near Port Henry. POLYGONUM TENUVE, Mx.
Summit of Cobble hill, near Elizabethtown.
. SALIX CANDIDA, Willd. Occurs sparingly near Guilderland Station. 4. C. Gordinier.
ABIES ALBA, Mx. Newcomb, Essex county. It also occurs in North Elba, but in all the localities observed by me the trees were growing in cleared land, and had evidently sprung up since the forests were cut.
ORCHIS SPECTABILIS, L.
A form with white flowers. Schaghticoke. H. C. Gordinier. Mr. H. L. Griffis also sends a white-flowered form of the flowering wintergreen, Polygala paucifolia, from Binghamton.
CLINTONIA BOREALIS, Raf. This plant grows almost everywhere in the Adirondack moun- tains, and in some places it is exceedingly thrifty and vigorous.
it: SONGS | ASSEMBLY,
It is not uncommon to find plants with one or even two lateral umbels in addition to the terminal one. The number of flowers in the lateral umbels is generally less than the number in the terminal umbel of the same plant, and when there are three umbels the lowest one has the smallest number of flowers. They vary usually from three to six in the lateral umbels. In one specimen there were six flowers in the lateral and twelve in the terminal umbel. One plant had five large leaves.
SCLERIA VERTICILLATA, Muhl.
A small form with but three clusters of flowers is common in
Bergen swamp. CAREX ALOPECOIDEA, Tuckm.
This species is rare in the eastern part of the State. It oceurs near Lansingburgh. #. C. Howe and H. C. Gordiner.
CAREX FLAVA, L.
An extremely variable species, even in the same locality and apparently surrounded by the same circumstances and influences. At Hewitt’s pord in the Adirondack mountains, specimens were collected which were but four or five inches high and which bore but a single small fertile spike each. Near these, others were found which were fifteen or sixteen inches high and bere five fertile spikes each. Another form, intermediate in size, had three fertile spikes, two approximate and a lower distinct one.
CAREX LONGIROSTRIS, Torr. Rocky places. Keene. A rare species with us.
fALOPECURUS GENICULATUS, L. Green Island. H.C. Gordinier. Lansingburgn. E. C. Howe. These specimens are nearly erect, not geniculate at the base. On the other hand specimens of Alopecurus pratensis, a species described as erect, were collected by myself near Albany, in which the stems were decidedly geniculate at the base, thus exactly reversing this character as given in the descriptions.
AGROSTIS VULGARIS, With. A form with very many of the flowers developed into leafy buds. Hewitts pond.
Mo. £15.].9 75
PANICUM CRUS-GALILI, L. The form with dense panicles of awnless flowers is common in wet places about Warsaw, Wyoming county.
BOTRYCHIUM LANCEOLATUM, Angst.
Cascadeville, Adircndack mountains. June.
OMPHALIA UMBELLIFERA, L.
Not rare in the Adirondack mountains. Variety abiegnus grows on soft decayed wood of coniferous trees, and has a pale yellow pileus. Variety alpinus grows among mosses and on muck soil composed of decomposed vegetable matter. It usually occurs at high altitudes. It was plentiful in June on the summit of Mt. Marcy. In it the pilens and lamelle are bright yellow.
PHOLIOTA MYCENOIDES, Fr. In thin woods at Conklingville a form was found having the
pileus rugose. ; LENZITES SEPIARIA, Fr.
A -resupinate form, var. dentifera, occurs on spruce in the Adirondack mountains, in which form the lamelle anastomose, and are more or less toothed or lacerated, resembling an Irpex more than a Lenzites.
POLYPORUS VOLVATUS, Pk.
This singular species developes in May and June in the Adiron- dack mountains. When young it is slightly viscid. It is especially subject to the attacks of insects. In July most of the specimens will be found to be infested by them.
CREPIDOTUS HZERENS, Pk.
Fine specimens ot this rare species were found on ash and but- ternut near Sprakers. The pileus is sometimes slightly floccose- squamulose. The tough viscid pellicle is separable, and in drying the moisture disappears from the disk first, from the thin margin
last. HYDNUM GRAVEOLENS, Delast.
A singular Hydnum was found at Elizabethtown, in which the pileus was very uneven and everywhere coated with a whitish villosity or tomentum. It has the peculiar odor of H. graveolens, to which species we have referred it as variety énwequale.
76 [ ASSEMBLY,
PHLEBIA RADIATA, Fr.
Dead bark of wild bird cherry, Prunus Pennsylugnica. Conk- lingville. September. A thin cream-colored form corresponding nearly to variety pallida Fr. It sometimes forms extensive patches by the confluence of many individuals.
ODONTIA FIMBRIATA, Pers.
Decaying wood of poplar. Conklingville. September. A form with the subiculum thicker than usual and finely rimose. Variety rimosa.
PENIOPHORA NEGLECTA, Pk.
A wholly resupinate form occurs on red maple, Acer rubrum. Bergen.
CORTICIUM MARTIANUM, B. &C.
When well developed this is a highly colored and very showy species. At first a small orbicular tuft of strigose radiating hairs appears. The center of the tuft soon assume a reddish tint, which again changes to bright-red or scarlet and becomes waxy. The hymenium is now covered with irregular ruge or folds giving the plant the appearance of some species of Phlebia. With advancing age the hymenium loses its brilliancy and becomes tinged with brownish, grayish or olivaceous tints, but the margin retains for a longer time its bright-red color, which fades to gray on the extreme fimbriate edge. The mycelium is yellowish. Metuloids have been seen in some specimens, but they are rare.
SPHZEROPSIS MALORUM, Pk.
This has occurred on leaves of apple trees, but in this case with perithecia rather smaller than in the type.
MARSONIA JUGLANDIS, Sacc.
The species is quite variable, being both hypophyllous and epiphyllous, and occurring on small or large spots and with few or
many nuclei. SEPTOCYLINDRIUM RANUNCULI, Pk.
This has occurred on radical leaves of Ranunculus abortivus. Helderberg mountains. May. RAMULARIA PLANTAGINIS, E. & M.
Variety nigromaculans Pk. Spots with a small grayish center and a’ broad blackish or blackish-brown margin. The fungus occurs on this blackish margin. Menands. October.
No. 115.] aT
PERONOSPORA GANGLIFORMIS, De By. Living leaves of Souchus asper. Warsaw.
PEZICULA ACERICOLA, Pk.
Variety gregaria Pk. Receptacles small, gregarious. Bark of red maple, Acer rubrum. Karner. September.
RHYTISMA SALICINUM, Fr.
Fallen leaves of Salix Cutleri. Mt. Marcy. June. Fertile specimens.
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FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT “4
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OF THE
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OF THE
tate Museum of Natural History
For THE YEAR 1887.
‘TRANSMITTED TO. RHE LEGISLATURE: MAY 2, 1888. 4
THE TROY PRESS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1888.
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PORT OF THE BOTANIST. —
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mePORT OF THE BOTANISTL.
To the Honorable the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York: GENTLEMEN.—I have the honor to communicate to you the following report : In the prosecution of the work of completing and arranging the State Herbarium the past year, specimens of the plants of the. State have been collected in the counties of Albany, Greene,
- Lewis, Oneida, Oswego, Rensselaer, Saratoga and Ulster. Speci-
mens have also been contributed which were collected mm the counties of Broome, Cayuga, Kings, Orleans, Rensselaer and Wayne. Specimens of one hundred and seventy species of plants have been added to the herbarium, of which twenty-seven were contributed by correspondents and one hundred and forty-three were collected by the botanist. Of those collected by the bota- nist, one hundred and five species are new to the herbarium and to the State flora. Among the added species are twenty-six flowering plants, some of which are introduced and possibly may not be sufficiently abundant and well-established to be properly considered a part of our flora, but all were found growing without cultivation and it was thought best to place the fact on record. A list of the added species is appended and is marked A.
The number of correspondents who have contributed specimens is seventeen. The contributed specimens of extralimital species are not included in the foregoing enumeration. A list of the names of-the contributors, and of their respective contributions, is marked B. ;
In the eastern part of the State, the months of July, August
and September were-unusually favorable to the production of
fleshy fungi, the Hymenomycetes, and special attention was given to the collection of these plants. They constitute a large percentage of the added species and among them are many that are considered
new to science. In consequence of their evanescent colors, painted
eek ase ian ake bei
5? ; FoORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
sketches were made of most of the new species while the plants % were yet fresh. A record of the added species, together with
descriptions of the new ones, is marked C.
Remarks concerning species previously known to belong to our flora and* descriptions of new varieties are recorded in a chapter marked D.
The botanical reports have now become so numerous that an index to them is greatly needed, in order to facilitate reference to them and save time in consulting them. I have, therefore, pre- pared an index of the genera and species recorded in reports
z
twenty-two to thirty-eight, inclusive. It is alphabetically arranged
and is marked F.
Beaver dam is a body of water near to and connected with Beaver lake, in the eastern part of Lewis county. It was reported to me that the red-flowered variety of the white water lily, Nymphea
odorota, had been seen growing there. Wishing to obtain speci-
mens of this interesting form, the locality was visited, but only the same form that was found last year in Mud pond was detected here. The external petals are tinged with red but the inner ones are white. The full red-flowered variety is yet a desideratum. There was found, however, in Beaver lake inlet, locally called “The Slough,” a scarcely less interesting form of this plant. It has the very large flowers and leaves of the ‘tuberous water lily, Nymphea tuberosa, and yet the very distinct and pleasant fragrance of the white water lily. It is interesting, scientifically, because it tends to support the views of those botanists who consider these plants as mere forms of one species.
A form of the northern or Canadian blueberry, Vaccinium
Canadense, in which the fruit is jet black and shining, was
observed growing plentifully in the cleared land and pastures near - Beaver lake. Thus, it happens that each one of our four common ~
blueberries, which contribute to supply our markets with this excellent fruit, has its black-fruited variety, notwithstanding the general application of the name “blueberries.” This variation is interesting and worthy of notice, because it indicates a tendency in these plants to vary in a part in which variation may be made the
basis of useful improvement under proper treatment and culture. —
The fruit is the useful part of these plants and variation in it indicates capability of improvement in this direction. A similar variation has also been observed in the fruit of the black huckle-
;
bar \ ala Rr (eye: of) CLM Ra ABN AIR RS 2 Mi
Sadre Musevu or Narvray History. 53
berry, Gaylussacia resinosa. In it the fruit is commonly dull black without any bloom, but in the variety it is of a shining jet
@ black and is readily distinguishable from the ordinary form. Dishonest berry pickers sometimes take advantage of the similarity . in size and shape between this huckleberry and the black-fruited __yariety of the chokeberry, Pyrus arbutifolia. They mix the two fruits and the fraud is not likely to be detected till the taste reveals _ it. The flavor of large quantities of canned berries is sometimes ¥ spoiled by this reprehensible practice.
by Mr. P. H. Dudley, civil engineer of the N. Y. C. and H. R. rail- road, has, at my request, communicated to me some of the results of his investigations of the fungi destructive to wood. This is of such great practical importance that I have added a copy of his communication to this report. It is marked E.
7 Very respectfully submitted.
: CHAS. H. PECK.
’ AxpBany, December 6, 1887.
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:
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54 Forty-First ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
(A. )
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM.
New to the Herbarium.
Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir.
Brassica campestris L. Lunaria biennis ZL. Dianthus barbatus ZL. Levisticum officinale Koch. Valerianella olitoria Poll. Aster junceus Ait.
Phlox maculata L. Myosotis arvensis Hoffm. M ecollina Hoffm. Cuscuta tenuiflora Engelm. Physalis lanceolata Mx. Nepeta grandiflora Bieb. Plantago Media ZL. Aristoloc hia Clematitis ZL. Euphorbia Esula L.
Salix amygdaloides Ander. Potamogeton Spirillus Tuckm. ibe ZAizii M. & K. IP: Hillii Morong. ie marina JL. Eleocharis diandra Wright. Panicum nervosum Musil. Deyeuxia Porteri Vasey. Katonia Dudleyi Vasey. Bromus arvensis L. Lepiota granosa Morg.
L. arenicola Pk. Tricholoma resplendens Fr. ie Columbetta Fr.
Te intermedium Pk. Ay terriferum Pk. a. tricolor Pk.
abe fuligineum Pk.
£8 putidum Fr. Clitocybe subsimilis Ph. C. cespitosa Pk. C. sulphurea Pk. C. tortilis Bolt. Collybia scorzonerea Batsch. C. hariolorum PD. C. C. strictipes Pk. C. , alba Pk. Omphalia subgrisea Pk. Mycena capillaripes Pk. erystallina Pk. Entoloma sericeum Bull. E. flavoviride Pk. Clitopilus erythrosporus Pk. OF conissans Pk, ceespitosus Pk. Pholiota minima Pk. maybe fibrillosa Pk. subfulva Pk. violaceifolia Pk. astezospora (uel. margarispora Berk. commixta Bres.
aslal sania
Inocybe agglutinata Pk.
if. nigridisca Pk.
i vatricosa Fr. Hpbolome erustuliniforme Bull. H. longicaudum Pers. Flammula lubrica Er:
F. subfulva Pk. Naucoria paludosa Pk.
N. unicolor Pk.
N. triscopoda Fr.
N. cearpophila Fr.
Galera inculta Pk. Agaricus comptulus Fr. . ¥ Stropharia albocyanea Desm. Psilocybe clivensis B. & Br. P) senex Pk. Deconica subvisecida Pk. Psathyrella minima Pk.
ia tinarius balteatus Fr.
: pluvius Fr. C. muscigenus Pk. C. brevipes Pk. VA brevissimus Pk. C. albidifolius Pk. C. spilomeus Fr. C. flavifolius Pk. ; vi griseus Pk. C. padius Pie C. subflexipes Pk. C. paleaceus Fr. ee C rigidus FY. ee Si
Hyg erophorus Laure Morg. Lactarius aspideus Fr. . L. maculatus Pk. ein Russula lepida Fr.
R. adulterina Fr. f R. atropurpurea Pk. if 3oletus speciosus Frost. V7, auriflammeus B. & C. isa Bb. at Des: Fr. "3 13% emichrysus, B. & C. ; B. glabellus Pk. B. variipes Pk. 4 Ce B. indecisus Pk. Aine B. albellus Pk. by Polyporus flavovirens B. & R. eh PB: rimosus Berk. TRA. E. mutans Pk. is P pineus Pk, 7 Merulius Ravenelii Berk. Rok M. himantioides Fr.
Hydnum fasciatum Pk. Irpex nodulosus Pk. Radulum Pendulum Ff’. Corticium olivaceum Fr. Clavaria albida Pk. ah On densa Pk. ‘ tide Geaster Scheefferi Vitt. ie
, Geaster vittatus Kalchb. . pearls carpinea S. & Br. i ercospora Gentiana Pk.
STATE Museum or NaAatTurAL HISTORY.
D9
Odspora Cucumeris Pk. Sporendonema myophilum Sacc. Zygodesmus violaceofuscus Sacc.
Not new to the Herbarium.
Nelumbium luteum Jilld. _Nymphiea odorata dit. S$Stellaria longifolia Muhl. Vicia sativa L. Fragaria Virginiana Duchesne. Rubus villosus dit. Galium circezans Mw. A trifidum L. Aster diffusus Ait. A. Tradescanti L. Erigeron annuus Pers. Solidago rugosa Mill. Gaylussacia resinosa 7. & G. Fraxinus viridis M™. Asclepias tuberosa ZL. Symphytum officinale Z. Myosotis palustris With. Epiphegus Virginiana Bart. Juncus acuminatus Mx. ; marginatus fost. a. Canadensis Gay. J. tenuis Willd. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl.
Scirpus polyphyllus Vail. S. Torreyi Olney. Eragrostis eapillaris L. Panicum eclandestinum L. Botrychium lanceolatum Angst. Amanita phalloides Fr.
A rubescens Fr, Lepiota granulosa Batsch. L. illinita Fr.
Tricholoma Peckii Howe. sup vaccinum Pers. AD fumosoluteum Pk. Clitocybe nebularis Batsch. C. laceata Scop. Collybia lentinoides Pk. Clitopilus prunulus Scop. Inocybe rimosa Bull. Marasmius preeacutus Ellis. M. salignus Pk. Hygrophorus pratensis Fr. Clavaria stricta Pers.
C. erispula Fr.
C. pistillaris Z.
(B. )
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS. Prof. W. R. Dudley, Ithaca, N. Y.
- f[uunaria biennis ZL. Fragaria Virginiana Duch. Aster junceus Ait. A. diffusus Ait. A. Tradeseanti L. Fraxinus viridis Max. Myosotis arvensis Hoffm. M. collina Hoffm. Cuscuta tenuiflora Hngl. ; epilinum Weihe. Plantago Media L.
Aristolochia Clematitis D. Euphorbia Esula LZ.
Salix amygdaloides And. Juncus Canadensis Gay. Potamogeton Zizii M. dK. i Spirillus Tuckm. P: Hillii Mor. Nee marina L. Panicum nervosum Muhl. Deyeuxia Porteri Vasey, Eatonia Dudleyi Vasey.
Prof. B. D. Halsted, Ames, Iowa.
Spherothecalanestris Hark. Cercospora rosecola Pass.
Peronospora Claytoniz Farl. Puccinia prunispinose Pers.
Uromyces Lupini B. & C. U. Betzee Icuhn. /Ecidium Phaceleze Peck.
Prof. W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Mass.
Puccinia Malvacearum Mont. Ustilago antherarum Fr. - Monilia Linhartiana Sace. _ Phragmotrichum Chailletii K. & 8S. _ Exoascus Wiesneri Rathay.
Geoglossum atropurpureum Pers. Microspheria Vaccinii C. & P. Leptospheeria Silenes-acaulis De Not. Dothidea Wittrockii Hriks.
Prof. H. A. Green, Troy, N. Y.
Umbilicaria Muhlenbergii Tuckm.
> 4 wits A
56 Forr=-rirst ANNUAL REPORT ON THE —
C. E. Fairman, M. D., Lyndonville, N. Y.
Polyporus sulphureus Fr. Nidulann pulvinata Schw. Perichzena corticalis Batsch. |
E. C. Howe, M. D., Lansingburgh, N. Y.
Eleocharis diandra Wright. | Agropyrum caninum fh. & S. Bromus arvensis LZ
H. C. Gordinier, M. D., Troy, N. Y. Bromus arvensis L. | Aristolochia Clematitis Z.: ’
Harold Wingate, Philadelphia, Penn. Orthotricha microcephala Wing.
P. H. Dudley, New York.
Lenzites striata Sw. Lentinus Nicaraguensis B. & C. L abietina Fr. Trametes Pini Fr.
W. C. Stevenson, Jr., Philadelphia, Penn. Lepiota Americana Peck.
J. A. Lintner, Albany, N. Y. Reticularia Lycoperdon Bull.
George T. Fish, Rochester, N. Y. Nulumbium luteum Willd. a
H. L. Griffis, Binghamton, N. we i Sporendonema myophilum Sacc.
A. P. Morgan, Preston, Ohio.
Hydnum casearum Morg. | Hydnum alboviride Morg. C. J. Curtis, Lincolnton, N. C. pies hepatica Fr. ‘ Lactarius atroviridis Pk. Hy omyces hyalinus Schw. Boletus leprosus Pk. oletus flexuosipes Pk. Boletus dictyocephalus Pk.
Rey. J. L. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y. ;
Polyporus rimosus Berk.
8S. H. Wright, M.D. / Polyporus Curtisii Berk. Clathrus columnatus Bose. P: sanguineus Fr. |
(C.) PLANTS NOT BEFORE REPORTED. Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir.
\
In wet places, rarely in pine woods. Albany and Rensselaer coun- ties. Common. June. Ihave not seen, in the vicinity of Albany, the — true FR. repens, with which this species has been confused.
Brassica campestris, L.
About houses and in cultivated grounds. Menands, Albany county. June. The specimens belong to variety colza, yn has probably been introduced in “bird seed.” ‘
S7TaTe Musrum or Natura HISTORY. 57
Lunaria biennis, L. Escaped from cultivation at Ithaca. May. Prof. W. R. Dudley,
Dianthus barbatus, L. Established in woods near Ithaca. June and July. Dudley.
Levisticum officinale, Koch.
Occasionally established by roadsides and in waste places. Cayuga county. Dudley. Sandlake, Rensselaer county. June.
Valerianella olitoria, Poll.
Frontenac island, Cayuga lake. May. Dudley. Introduced and ‘synonymous with Media olitoria Vahl.
» Aster junceus, Ai. Sphagnous swamps. Round marsh, Dryden. September. Dudley.
Phlox maculata, L.
Roadsides. Sandlake. June. Probably introduced in this locality, , or escaped from cultivation, but the plants were growing remote from any dwelling. . Myosotis arvensis, Hojm.
Ithaca. May and June. Dudley.
Myosotis collina, Hof/m. Ithaca. May. Dudley.
Cuscuta tenuiflora, Engelm. Near Union Springs. Growing on peppermint, Mentha piperita. August and September. . Dudley.
Physalis lanceolata, Mz.
Cultivated grounds. Menands. Our plant is well described in the Manual under the name Physalis Pennsylvanica. It has probably been introduced from the south or west, but is very persistent.
Nepeta grandifiora, Bieb. Roadsides. Menands. September. Introduced.
Plantago Media, L.
University grounds, Ithaca. June. Dudley. 8
*
58 Forry-rirst ANNUAL REPORT ON THE oa eine
Aristolochia Clematitis, L. Lansingburgh, Rensselaer county. H. C. Gordinier. Union Springs. June. Dudley. Introduced.
Euphorbia Esula, L. Groton. Juneand July. Dudley.
Salix amyegdaloides, Ander.
Fall creek, Eddy pond, Cayuga lake, Cayuga marshes, ete. Abund- ant. May. Dudley.
Potamogeton Spirillus, Tuckm.
Cayuta lake. August. Dudley. ower Saranac lake, Essex county. Sandlake.
Two forms occur. In one the submersed leaves are rather long and straight; in the other they are shorter and somewhat recurved, and civethe plant a peculiar appearance. The Cayuta-lake specimens are very small, being but one or two in. long.
Potamogeton Zizii, M. & K.
Fall creek. August and September. Dudley. Normanskill creek \ near Kenwood, Albany county.
Potamogeton Hillii, Morong. Malloryville. July. Dudley.
Potamogeton marina, L. Néar the outlet of Seneca lake. July. Dudley.
Eleocharis diandra, Wright. Lansingburgh. J. C. Howe.
Panicum nervosum, Musi.
Woods near White church. July. Dudley. Cold Spring, Putnam county, and Adirondack mountains.
Deyeuxia Porteri, Vasey.
Thatcher’s pinnacle, West Danby. August. Dudley. This is Cala- magrostis Porteri of the Manual. It is a rare and local species.
Eatonia Dudleyi, Vasey. South hill. June. Dudley. The specimens placed in the State Herbarium by Dr. Torry, and labeled Kwleria Pennsylianica, belong to this species, which has until recently been confused with atonia
STratE Museum or Natrurat History. 59
Pennsylvanica. The characters by which it is separated from EH. Penn- sylvanca are, according to the author of the species, “its slender culms and panicle, the very short cauline leaves, the longer and wider lower elume, the more obtuse upper one and the shorter obtuser flowering glumes.” The flowers have a peculiarly blunt appearance by which the plant may be easily recognized.
Bromus arvensis, L.
Troy. Gordinier and Howe. Sparingly introduced. June. *
Lepiota granosa, Morg.
Prostrate trunks of trees, old stumps and decayed wood. Catskill mountains. September.
Our specimens do not agree rigidly with the description of the spe- cies to which we have refered them. The pileus is either obtuse or umbonate, even or radiately rugose-wrinkled, and is generally even and regular on the margin. The stem also is either equal or slightly thickened at the base, but these variations are not of specific impor- tance. The flesh of the stem is yellowish as in Lepiota amianthinus to which this species is closely related, both in color and structure, but from which it may be distinguished by its habitat, its larger size and its entire membranous persistent annulus.
Lepiota arenicola, ». sp.
Pileus at first broadly conical, then convex or nearly plane, obscurely punctate with minute granular squaifules, whitish or cinereous, sub- striate and crenulate on the margin; lamelle broad, subventricose, distant, free, white; stem slender, equal, stuffed, glabrous, whitish, the annulus imperfect, obsolete or quickly evanescent; spores oblong or subfusiform, acute at one end, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0002 to .00024 broad.
Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad; stem 8 to 12 lines long, about 5 lines thick.
Sandy soil. Karner, Albany county. August.
The spores indicate an affinity of this species with L. metulispora, of which it might be regared as a dwarf variety, but it differs in its smaller size, more expanded pileus, distant lamelle and glabrous stem. The mycelium binds the sand into a globose mass at the base of the stem.
Tricholoma resplendens, /’.
Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Tricholoma Columbetta, fr. Woods. Selkirk, Albany county. August.
hg ee Go ris wl apy Seat ee ore Ae Bg ora er nS | +3.
60 | Forry-First ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ©
Tricholoma intermedium, n. sp. Geet
Pileus thin, campanulate, obtuse, glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, greenish-yellow, flesh white; lamelle crowded, free or slightly adnexed, white; stem equal, firm, glabrous, white; spores brdagty 7 elliptical, .0002 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.
Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September.
This species resembles some forms of TZ. equestre, from which it j is separated by its white lamelle. It appears to be intermediate between that species and 7. sejunctum from which its glabrous pileus and crowded lamellz distinguish it.
Tricholoma terriferum, 7. sp.
call
Pileus broadly convex or nearly plane, irregular, often wavy on the margin, glabrous, viscid, pale alutaceous, generally soiled with adhering particles of earth carried up in its growth, flesh white, with no decided odor; lamelle thin crowded, slightly adnexed, white, not spotted or changeable; stem equal, short, solid, white, floccose- squamulose at the apex; spores minute, subglobose, .00012 in. long.
Pileus 3 to 4 in. broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 6 to 8 lines thick. ¢:
Woods. Catskill mountains. September. .
This and the next preceding species belong to the section Limacina.
Tricholoma tricolor, n. sp.
Pileus broadly convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in the center, firm, dry, obscurely striate on the margin, pale alutaceous, inclining to russet, flesh whitish; lamelle thin, narrow, — close, adnexed, pale yellow, becoming brown or purplish-brown in drying; stem stout, short, firm, tapering upwards from the thickened or subbulbous base, white; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .0003 in. long. ~ a
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 6 to 12 lines thick. r
Woods. Selkirk. August. E
Remarkable for its varied colors and for the peculiar hue assumed by the lamelle in the dried state.
Tricholoma fuligineum, N. Sp. jn
Pileus convex or nearly plane, obtuse, often irregular, dry, minutely squamulose, sooty-brown, flesh grayish, odor and taste farinaceous; lamelle subdistant, uneven on the edge, cinereous, becoming blackish in drying; stem short, solid, equal, glabrous, cinereous; es | oblong, elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.
_ Ae OT dee edt ke We ee Pe Ba gs a \ heh Ck ts oat i Weee fy 1c . 4
Svave Museum or Narurat HIisrory. 6L
Pileus 1 to 2.5 in. broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick. Among mosses in open places. Catskill mountains. September. This and the next preceding species belong to the section Genuina.
Tricholoma putidum, fF’. Under pine trees. Catskill mountains. September. Our specimens agree accurately with the description of 7. putidum, except that the pileus is not umbonate; but this character is limited by Fries in Icones Selectz to young plants.
Clitocybe subsimilis, n. sp.
Pileus at first conical or subturbinate, then plane, nearly obconical: soft, fleshy, pure white, the margin at first involute and somewhat tomentose, then even or marked with irregular ridges, as if from matted tomentum, flesh white, taste mild; lamelle in the young plant adnate, in the adult, decurrent, subdistant, often branched, white, the interspaces venose; stem equal or merely subbulbous, by no means obclavate, solid, soft, elastic, white; spores broadly elliptical or sub- globose; .0002 to .00025 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.
Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Under pine trees. Catskill mountains. September.
This species is closely related to Clitocybe clavipes, of which there is said to be a white variety. I have separated our plant not only because of its pure white color, but also because of its peculiar stem, which is not at all obclavate as in C. clavipes, though sometimes it is slightly and abruptly bulbous. Its resemblance to C..clavipes has suggested the specific name. It is very unlike C. obtexta in its dry pileus and subdistant lamellie.
Variety monstrosa. Lamelle reticulately branched or anastomosing, causing the hymenium to appear porous either wholly or in part.
With the typical form.
Clitocybe czespitosa, n. sp. Pileus thin, infundibuliform, often irregular, slightly. silky, hygro-
' phanous, grayish brown when moist, subcinereous or argillaceous
when dry; lamellee narrow, close, decurrent, somewhat branched, white; stem equal, stuffed or hollow, silky, white; spores minute, subelliptical, .00012 to .00016 in. long. - Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad; stem about 1 in. long, 2 to 3 lines thick. Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September. The plant is remarkable for its czespitose mode of growth and its irregular, deformed appearance. The pileus is somewhat perforated. The relationship is with ©. expallens, C. Adirondackensis, ete.
° .
62? FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Clitocybe sulphurea, x. sp.
Pileus convex, slightly umbonate, moist or subhygrophanous, pale yellow, streaked, flesh yellowish; lamelle subdistant, adnate, uneven ‘or serrulate on the edge, pale yellow; stem equal or tapering upwards, curved or flexuous, hollow, colored and streaked lke the pileus, yellowish within; spores broadly, elliptical or subglobose, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad. Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick. Decaying wood of spruce and balsam. Wittenberg mountain. September. Distinct from Tricholoma sulphureum, which it resembles in color, by its moist pileus, adnate lamelle, hollow stem and lack of odor.
/
Clitocybe tortilis, Bolt. Hard ground in an old road. Sandlake. August. A species closely allied to C. laccata and appearing like an irregular dwarf form of that species. Sometimes czespitose.
Collybia scorzonerea, Laisch. ; Woods. Adirondack and Catskill mountains. July and September. The species is distinguished from C. maculatus by the yellowish hue of the pileus and lamelle. The stem is sometimes attenuated and radicating at the base and sometimes blunt.
Collybia hariolorum, D. ¢.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Collybia strictipes, 1. sp.
Pileus thin, broadly convex or nearly plane, glabrous, slightly rugose on the disc, moist or subhygrophanous, pale yellow, more highly colored on the disk, paler when dry; lamelle thin, crowded, adnexed or subfree, white; stem equal, straight, hollow, glabrous, slightly mealy or pruinose at the top, white, with a dense white tomentum at the base; spores ovate, pointed or acuminate at one end, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 1.5 to 2 in. broad; stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, 2 to 3 lines thick.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Collybia alba, n. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or hemispherical, even, obtuse, glabrous, white; é lamellze broad, subdistant, ventricose, adnexed or nearly free, white; stem short, equal or slightly thickened at the top, solid, glabrous,
~
i
yikes aie halt ie ian
* STATE Museum or NATURAL HIsrory. 63
white; broadly elliptical or subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long, Oe to .00016 broad.
Pileus 3 to 5 lines broad, stem about 1 in. long, .5 to 1 line thick.
Mossy decayed wood and stumps. Gansevoort. July.
A small white species related to C. Micheliana, C. muscigena: and C. ludia, but differing from these by its broad ventricose lamellx.
Omphalia subgrisea, 7. sp.
Pileus membranaceous, convex or nearly plane, glabrous, striatu- late, grayish-brown with a paler margin; lamelle distant, arcuate- decurrent, cinereous; stem slender, short, stuffed, generally curved, sprinkled with minute mealy particles, colored like the pileus.
Pileus 2 to 3 lines broad; stem 6 to 10 lines long.
Decayed wood of birch, Betula lutea. Blue Mountain lake, Adirondack mountains. July.
In color this plant resembles Mycena vulgaris, or grayish forms of M. clavicularis; in size, M. corticola. When very young the stem is conical and the pileus is more narrow than its base.
Mycena capillaripes,, n. sp.
Pileus membranous, campanulate, glabrous, hygrophanous, livid gray or brownish and striate when moist, paler when dry, odor weak, alkaline; lamellz ascending, subdistant, adnate, whitish or livid- white, the edge obscurely brownish-purple; stem slender, almost capillary, fragile, glabrous, hollow, colored like the pileus; spores narrowly elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 3 to 5 lines broad; stem 1.5 to 2.5 in. long, scarcely .5 line
thick.
Under pine trees. Karner. August.
This species is related to Mycena r ubromarginata from which I have separated it because of its smaller size, slender stem, paler color, smaller spores and alkaline odor. It is also much smaller and paler than JL. purpureofusca.
Mycena crystallina, n. sp.
Pileus membranous, at first conical or convex, then nearly plane, sometimes with a slight umbo and reflexed margin, even or obscurely striate on the margin, everywhere beset with minute shining viscid glandular particles, pure white; lamelle narrow, thin, adnate, close, white; stem short, slender, hollow, colored and adorned like the pileus, attached by white woolly hairs.
Pileus 2 to 5 lines broad; stem 4 to 8 lines long.
64 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE. ame hi Nes
Fallen leaves of pine. Catskill mountains. September. “Dialga
The species belongs to the Basidipes and is closely related to MM ~ saccharifera, from which it is separated because of its larger size, more numerous closer adnate lamellae and pure white color. The glands occur in every part of the plant and cause it to appear as if slightly sticky or viscid when pressed between the fingers. They are not visible to the naked eye, but under a lens they appear like minute globular shining particles. In the dried state the specimens assume a slight yellowish tint.
Entoloma sericeum, Bull. Sandy pastures. West Albany. June. e
Entoloma flavoviride, 2. sp.
Pileus thin, at first broadly conical, then convex or subconcave by the upcurving of the margin, dingy yellowish-green, slightly silky and shining when dry; lamellz broad, subdistant, ventricose, free or slightly adnexed, dingy or cinereous; stem equal, hollow, fibrous-. _ _ striate, whitish; spores angular, uninucleate, .00045 to .0005 in. long,
.0003 to .0004 broad. ! |
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 2.5 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
Low swampy woods. Karner. August.
- The color of the pileus is a peculiar dingy yellowish-green or olive- green by which the species is easily recognized.
Clitopilus erythrosporus, ne sp. ‘
Pileus thin, hemispherical or strongly convex, glabrous or merely pruinose, grayish-incarnate, flesh whitish with an incarnate tint, taste farinaceous; lamelle narrow, crowded, arcuate, strongly decurrent, colored like the pileus; stem equal or slightly tapering upward, hol- low, slightly pruinose at the top, colored like the pileus; spores ellip- tical, rosy-red, .0002 in. long, .00012 to .00016 broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 2 to 3 lines thick.
Decayed wood and among fallen leaves in woods. Catskill moun-_ tains and Menands. September and October.
The species is easily recognized by its peculiar uniform color, its narrow, crowded and very decurrent lamelle and its bright rosy-red spores. :
Clitopilus conissans, n. sp. ,
Pileus thin, convex, glabrous, pale alutaceous, often dusted by the copious spores; lamellz close, adnate, reddish-brown; stem slender, brittle, hollow, white; spores narrowly elliptical, bright rosy red, .0003 B in. long, .00016 broad. .
-
STATE Mustum or NAarurat HIsvory. 65
‘Plant cxspitose; pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.
A single tuft of this peculiar species was found growing at the base of an apple tree in the Catskill mountains, in September. The species is remarkable for the copious bright colored spores which were so thickly dusted over the pilei of the lower specimens as to conceal the real color of the surface. They are quite as bright as and a little longer than those of the preceding species. The general aspect of the plant with its dark colored lamelle is suggestive of some species of Hypholoma or Psilocybe, but the color of the spores requires its inser- tion in this place.
Clitopilus czespitosus n. sp.
Pileus at first convex, firm, nearly regular, shining white, then nearly plain, fragile, often irregular or eccentric from its tufted mode of growth, glabrous but with a slight silky luster, whitish, flesh white,
taste mild; lamella narrow, thin, crowded, often forked, adnate or
slightly decurrent, whitish, becoming dingy or brownish-incarnate; stem cespitose, solid, silky-fibrillose, slightly mealy at the top, white; spores very pale incarnate, .0002 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem 1.5 to 3 in, long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Thin woods and pastures. Catskill mountains. September.
This is a large, fine species, very distinct in its czespitose habit, white
color and very pale, sordid tinted spores. But for the color of these
the plant might easily be taken for a species of Clitocybe. The tufts sometimes form long rows.
Pholiota minima, n. sp.
Pileus membranous, hemispherical or campanulate, umbonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, brown and. striatulate when moist, pale buff or yellowish-white when dry; lamellz rather close, subventricose, adnexed, ferruginous; stem slender, solid, glabrous, shining, similar to the pileus in color, annulus near the middle, slight, evanescent; spores elliptical, .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 2 to 4 lines broad; stem 8 to 12 lines long, .5 line thick.
Among Polytrichum. Catskill mountains. September.
The species is distinguished from P. mycenoides, to which it 1s closely related, by its smaller size, paler color, umbonate pileus and | solid stem. ae Inocybe fibrillosa, n. sp.
- -Pileus thin, convex or nearly plain, obtuse or subumbonate, densely - fibrillose, tawny, the disk usually darker in color and adorned with - appressed fibrillose scales; lamell close, adnate, at first yellowish or ¢ 9
8 66 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
yellowish-olivaceous, then cinnamon-brown; stem equal, hollow, fibril- ~ lose-squamose, pallid; spores even, .0004 in. long, .00025 broad. Pileus 10 to 18 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick. Damp mossy banks in woods. Bethlehem, Albany county. August. The species belongs to the Squarrose.
Inocybe subfulva, 2. sp.
Pileus at first broadly conical or subcampanulate, then convex or nearly plane, umbonate, fibrillose-squamose, tawny-ochraceous; lamellee broad, close, rounded behind, adnexed, ventricose, pallid, becoming tawny-cinnamon; stem, equal, firm, solid, fibrous-striate, obscurely pruinose, a little paler than the pileus; spores stelletely rough, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad.
Pileus 8 to 16 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick. | Sandy soil, in fields. Sellark. August.
Related to /. calospora, from which it differs in the erect scales of the pileus, the adnexed lamella, the solid stem and the somewhat elliptical _ shape of the spores. The species belongs to the Lacerz.
Inocybe violaceifolia, n. sp.
Pileus thin, convex or nearly plane, fibrillose, subsquamulose, grayish; lamellze close, adnexed, at first pale violaceous, then brownish- cinnamon; stem firm, solid, slender, fibrillose, whitish; spores ever .0004 in. long, 00025 broad.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem about is in. Ones 1 line thick. Mossy ground in woods. Selkirk. August.
A small, pale species, remarkable for the violaceous tint of the young lamelle. It belongs to the Rimosez.
Inocybe asterospora, (uel. rf Woods and open places. Sandlake. June. South Ballston. July.
Inocybe margarispora, Berk.
Grassy ground in thin woods. Greenbush, Rensselaer county. - June. Our specimens are a little smaller than the typical ones, but they appear to belong to this species.
Inocybe commixta, Bres.
, Adirondack mountains. July.
ay re, iq ae | Bh Bi Cine ae
STaTvE Museum or NATURAL Hisrvory. 67
Inocybe ageglutinata, n. sp.
Pileus at first conical, then campanulate or convex, umbonate, fibril- lose, pale tawny, streaked or spotted with appressed fibrils, the umbo usually darker; lamelle close, broad, ventricose, adnexed, at first whitish, then brownish-cinnamon, often white on the edge; stem firm, solid, white or whitish and pruinose above, brownish or tawny and fibrillose below; spores even, .0004 to .00045 in. long, .0002 to .00024 broad.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick. Under pine trees. Catskill mountains. September.
This is a beautiful and well marked species. The fibrils of the pileus appear as if agglutinated to its surface, though it is not viscid. Sometimes they form tawny spots like appressed scales. In very wet weather they are apt to wash away and disappear. In general appear- ance the plant resembles 1 Whitei, but the umbonate dry pileus at once distinguishes it. The real affinity is with /. geophylla.
Inocybe nigridisca, n. sp. : - Pileus thin, at first convex, then nearly plane or somewhat centrally depressed, umbonate, moist, minutely fibrillose, blackish-brown with a grayish margin when moist, cinereous when dry; lamelle close, rounded behind, free or slightly adnexed, at first grayish, then ferru-
_ ginous-brown, sometimes tinged with yellow; stem slender, firm, solid,
flexuous, minutely villose-pruinose, reddish-brown; spores nodulose, -0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 4*to 8 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, .5 line thick.
Under cinnamon fern, Osmunda cinnamomea. Kasoag. Oswego county. June.
The adornment of the pileus and stem is so minute that at first sight the plant appears to be glabrous. The margin of the pileus soon becomes elevated, causing the center to appear depressed. The spe- cies belongs to the Velutine. It is distinguished from J. paludinella by its darker color, and its moist or subhygrophanous character.
Inocybe vatricosa, F’.
Damp ground under willows. Catskill*mountains. September. The pallid color, decumbent stem and webby veil are characteristic
‘of this species. The European plant is said to be inodorous, but our
specimens had a radish-like odor. In it the spores are even, elliptical, .0004 in. long, .00024 broad. I find no description of the spores of the
European plant. A variety with the disk reddish occurs in the same
locality. It appears somewhat like a diminutive form of Hebeloma longicaudum.
68 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ye nal
Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Bull. — \ £ pie
Open woods. Catskill mountains. September. A small form, but exhibiting well the characters of the species.
Hebeloma longicaudum, Pers.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September. In our plant the pileus is not umbonate, nor do all the descriptions _ ascribe this character to the species.
Flammula lubrica, /F’r.
Decayed wood and ground among fallen leaves. Catskill mount- ains. September. - ™
This species closely resembles F. spumosa in general appearance, but it may be distinguished by its somewhat spotted pileus and its white flesh. The spores also are paler than those of F. spumosa.
Flammula subfulva, n. sp.
Pileus convex, viscid, innately fibrillose, spotted toward the margin with darker appressed scales, sordid-tawny, flesh grayish-white; lamellze close, adnate, brownish-ochraceous; stem equal or slightly taper- ing upward, fibrillose, solid, whitish; spores brownish-ochraccous, elliptical, uninucleate, .00024 to 0003 in. long, .00016 broad. ,
Pileus 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick. |
About the base of trees. Catskill mountains. ~ September. ,
The plant is more or less cxespitose.. It is allied to . spumosa, but differs in its tawny squamose-spotted pileus and grayish-white flesh.
Naucoria paludosa, vn. sp. Pileus very thin, broadly convex or plane, glabrous, hygrophanous, ~ brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, buff-yellow when dry; lamelle close, thin, rather broad, adnexed, at first yellowish or pallid, then brownish-ochraceous; stem slender, equal, hollow, brittle, glabrous, pallid or brownish; spores ferruginous, elliptical, uninucle-— ate, .0004 in. long, .0002 broad. : Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, .5 to 1 line thick. Wet, marshy or damp ground under willows and alders. Catskill mountains. September. nae
Naucoria unicolor, 1. sp. Pileus thin, broadly convex, plane or slightly depressed, glabrous, hygrophanous, yellowish-brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, paler when dry; lamelle thin, close, slightly rounded behind,
~~
ar J 7 ee POLY AY ‘ hate Mt | ’
STATE Mustum or NATURAL HISTORY. 69
colored like the pileus; stem equal, tough, hollow, glabrous, colored
like the pileus, with white mycelium at the base; spores broadly ellip-
tical, brownish-ferruginous, .00025 to .0003 in. long, .0002 broad. Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad; stem 1 in. long, .5 to 1 line thick. Decayed wood and old stumps of deciduous trees. Selkirk. August.
Naucoria triscopoda, /’r. Decayed wood. Catskill mountains. September. Our specimens belong to the form having the pileus striatulate on the margin when moist. This form is figured and described in Icones Selectie as Agaricus triscopus.
Naucoria carpophila, fr.
Borders of woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Galera inculta, x. sp.
Pileus thin, somewhat fragile, campanulate, then convex or nearly plane, obtuse or rarely with a small umbo, hygrophanous, cinnamon color and striatulate when moist, buff color and atomate when dry, sometimes minutely pitted or corrugated, rarely rimose-squamulose; lamelle broad, subdistant, ventricose, adnexed, white crenulate on the edge, at first pallid, then pale cinnamon; stem straight or sub- flexuous, hollow, brittle, slightly silky striate, reddish-brown, some-
- times slightly pruinose-mealy at the top and white villose at the base;
spores subelliptical, pointed at each end, brownish-ferruginous, .0006 to .00065 in. long, .0003 broad.
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, .5 to 1 line thick.
Damp ground under willows and alders. Catskill mountains. September.
This is a very distintt species. The pileus, when dry, resembles in color that of Galera tener ; when moist, that of Clitocybe laccata in its small glabrous striatulate form. The specimens were found growing with Naucoria paludosa, from which they may be distinguished by the more campanulate pileus, the broader, more distant lamelle and the larger spores.
Agaricus comptulus, F’r.
Cultivated ground. Menands. August.
Closely allied to A. campestris, from which it may be separated by its smaller size, the yellowish hue of the dry plant and by the smaller spores.
Stropharia albocyanea, Desm.
Bushy pastures. Catskill mountains. September
ot 70 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Psilocybe clivensis, B. & Br.
Borders of woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Psilocybe senex, 2. sp.
Pileus thin, hemispherical, obtuse, hygrophanous, dark brown and striatulate when moist, pale cinereous and shining when dry, some- what squamcse with superficial’ subfasciculate whitish fibrils, the margin appendiculate with the same; lamelle broad, subdistant, adnate, at first grayish, then brown or blackish-brown with a white edge; stem slender, hollow, fragile, minutely floccose-pruinose, sub- pellucid, white; spores brown, elliptical, .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, 1 line thick.
Decayed wood in woods. Catskill mountains. September. .
The species is apparently related to P. canifaciens, but is at once distinguished by its slender white stem. The specific name has refer- ence to the white hairs or fibrils of the pileus, which are suggestive of the white hairs of old age.
Deconica subviscida, n. sp.
Pileus thin, at first subconical, then convex or néarly plane, often slightly umbonate, glabrous, hygrophanous, pale chestnut or reddish tan color, subviscid and striatulate on the margin when moist, pallid or dull buff when dry; lamellz broad, subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, at first whitish or dingy, then brownish ferruginous; stem equal or tapering downwards, fibrillose, hollow, brownish toward the base, paler above, the fibrils whitish or grayish; spores ovate, brown, .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick.
Horse dung and manured ground. Menands. August.
This species has many characters in common'‘with D. bullacea, from which I have separated it because of its scarcely viscid pileus without
f
a separate cuticle, and its different spores. It is gregarious, and in
wet weather appears in great abundance and in successive crops. The slight whitish veil is perceptible in the young plant.
Psathyrella minima, n. sp. Pileus membranous, hemispherical, ob+ se, obscurely striatulate when moist, even and pruinose-atomate when dry, dingy-yellow or reddish-brown, becoming paler in drying; lamelle broad, adnate,
white, becoming yellowish-cinnamon ; stem capillary, minutely mealy —
or furfuraceous under a lens, pellucid, white ;. spores black, narrowly elliptical, .00025 to .0003 in. long .00012 to .00015 broad. Pileus 1 to 2 lines broad ; stem 4 to 6 lines long. |
\
ie SraTveE Musrum or Navuravt Hisrory. 71
Excrement of deer in woods. Adirondack mountains. July. About the size of and growing with Coprinus radiatus from which it is clearly distinct by its entire pileus and persistent adnate lamell.
Cortinarius balteatus /’r.
Grassy ground in pastures. Catskill mountains. September.
Our specimens belong to a form which may be called variety bulbosus. Stem strongly bulbous, at first almost wanting, the pileus appearing to rest on the bulb which is abruptly pointed beneath.
The typical form occurs in Europe and is said to grow especially under pine trees.
Cortinarius pluvius, /’r.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Cortinarius muscigenus, n. sp.
Pileus at first ovate, then convex or concave from the recurving of the margin, subumbonate, glabrous, viscose with a separable pellicle, tawny-orange and widely striate on the margin when moist, tawny and shining when dry, flesh dingy white, tinged with vellow ; lamelle broad, ventricose, adnate, with a broad shallow emargination, some- what rugose on the sides, yellowish, becoming cinnamon; stem long, subequal, viscid, even, silky, solid, white or whitish ; spores .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0003 to .00086 broad.
Pileus 1.5 to 2.5 in. broad ; stem 3 to 4 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick. Mossy ground under balsam trees. Wittenberg mountain. September.
Closely related to (. collinitus from which it is separated by its more highly colored pileus, striate margin and even, not diffracted-squamose, stem.
Cortinarius brevipes, ». sp.
Pileus convex, silky-fibrillose, sordid white, flesh yellowish-white ; lamelleze close, adnexed, pale violaceous becoming cinnamon ; stem short, silky-fibrillose, bulbous, whitish, pale violaceous within ; spores subelliptical, .0004 in. long, .00024 broad. |
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem about 1 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick. Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
The species belongs to the tribe Inoloma and is related to C. albo-
violaceus, from which it is separated by its smaller size, short stem and yellowish-white flesh.
Cortinarius brevissimus, 2. sp.
Pileus convex, often irregular, at first minutely silky, then glabrous, dingy white or argillaceous, flesh whitish; lamelle close, adnexed, at first pale violaceous, then whitish, finally cinnamon; stem equal, very
" ia Uy ‘ : ‘1 Nol
72 ; ' Forry-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
short, hollow, silky-fibrillose, white, pale violaceous within; spores broadly elliptical, .00024 to .0003 in. long, .0002 to .00024 broad. Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad; stem 5 to 8 lines long, 3 to 4 lines thick. Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September. Related to the preceding species, but smaller, with a hollow stem and shorter spores.
Cortinarius albidifolius, n. sp.
Pileus thin, convex, subglabrous, whitish, tinged with yellow or pale _
ochraceous, the epidermis sometimes cracking and forming squamules, flesh whitish; lamelle subdistant, slightly emarginate, adnate, whitish,
becoming cinnamon; stem equal or slightly thickened at the ‘base, ~~ solid, white, variegated below with yellowish floccose squamules, ‘ e
silky-fibrillose at the top; spores subglose or broadly clipe 00025 — to .0003 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 2 to 4 lines thick.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Related to C. ochroleucus, but apparently distinct by the sellow, seales of the stem and the adnate subdistant lamelle. Both it and — the preceding species belong to the tribe Dermocybe.
'
Cortinarius spilomeus, /’7.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Cortinarius filavifolius, n. sp.
x
Pileus convex or nearly plane, fibrillose or squamulose, sometimes —
longitudinally rimose, varying in color from sordid buff to tawny yel- _
low, flesh whitish; lamellze subdistant, adnexed, at first a rich sulphur us .
yellow, then yellowish cinnamon; stem slightly tapering upward, solid, whitish, peronate and slightly annulate by the copious silky, whitish veil; spores broadly elliptical, .0003 in. long, .0002 broad. Pileus 2 to 3 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 5 to 8 lines thick. Woods. Catskill mountains. September. The pileus is not truly hygrophanous, but the character of the stem —
indicates that the species belongs in Telamonia near C. bivelus. 1% vik
differs from (. limonws by its dry pileus, and from C. infucatus by the color of the young lamelle. ;
Cortinarius griseus, 7. sp. AM dant
Pileus convex, obtuse or gibbous, fibrillose-squamulose with grayish — hairs or fibrils, moist, pale gray; lamella subdistant, adnexed, at first — pallid, then brownish-ochraceous; stem tapering upward from a
~
STate Mospum or NATURAL HISTORY. 13
thickened or bulbous base, silky-fibrillose, whitish; spores .0004 to .0005 in. long, .0003 broad.
Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Mossy ground under balsam trees. Wittenberg mountain. September.
The fibrils of the pileus are similar to those of C. paleaceus, but the plant is much larger and stouter, and the spores are larger than in that species. It is well marked by its grayish color.
Cortinarius badius, ». sp. Pileus thin, at first conical, then convex or broadly campanulate, umbonate, hygrophanous, blackish-chestnut color when moist, bay-red or chestnut color when dry, sometimes tinged with gray, the umbo
darker, usually whitish-silky on the margin when young, flesh, when
moist, colored like the pileus; lamelle broad, subdistant, ventricose, adnexed, at first yellowish or cream-color, then subochraceous ; stem slender, equal, hollow, silky-fibrillose and subannulate by the whitish veil, when old colored like the pileus both without and within; spores .0005 in. long, .0003 broad. .
Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, about 1 line thick.
Mossy ground. Catskill mountains. September.
The species is related to C. nigrellus, from which it differs in its broad lamellz which are paler in the young plant and in its larger spores.
| Cortinarius subflexipes, 2. sp.
Pileus thin, conical, then expanded and subacutely umbonate, hygrophanous, blackish-brown with the thin margin whitened by the veil when moist, subochraceous when dry; lamelle thin, close, ventri- cose, adnexed, at first reddish-violaceous, then cinnamon; stem equal, flexuous, silky, shining, subannulate by the whitish veil, pale violaceous when young, pallid or reddish when old; spores .00024 to
.0003 in. long; .0002 broad.
Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, about 1 line thick.
Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September.
Apparently related to C. /lexipes, from which I have separated it because of its more glabrous pileus and different lamellae. It and the two preceding species are referred to the tribe Telamonia.
Cortinarius paleaceus, /7.
Mossy or bare ground in open places. Catskill mountains. Sep- tember. 10
Cpa Tati Sola Hts : fiw ak. mh x mH 74 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Cortinarius rigidus, fr.
Catskill mountains. September.
Hygrophorus Laure, Morg.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September. The squamules at the top of the stem are sometimes reddish. The disc is sometimes yellowish.
Lactarius aspideus, f’.
Borders of woods. Catskill mountains. September.
A pretty but rare species, easily known by its pale yellow or straw color and the lilac hue assumed by wounds of the lamelle or flesh. In Systema Mycologicum the stem is described as hollow and spotted. In our specimens the stem is hollow but not spotted. It is colored like the pileus and the spores are broadly elliptical or subglobose slightly rough, .0003 to .0004 in. long.
Lactarius maculatus, n. sp.
Pileus fleshy, firm, at first convex and umbilicate or centrally depressed, then subinfundibuliform, glabrous, viscid when moist, concentrically spotted, especially toward the margin, varying in color from grayish-buff to grayish-lilac, flesh subconcolorous, taste acrid | and unpleasant; lamelle close, thin, sometimes forked, adnate to decurrent, pallid or cream color; stem short, equal or tapering toward the base, hollow, spotted, colored like, or a little paler than, the pileus; milk at first whitish with a cream-colored tint, wounds of the fleshand _ lamelle changing to lilac; spores subglobose, echinulate, .0004 to .0005 in. long. :
Pileus 3 to 5 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 5 to 8 lines thick.
Thin woods and pastures. Catskill mountains and Menands. August and September.
This species is allied to L. wvidus, with which it was united in the Thirty-eighth Report as variety magnus. Having had the opportunity of investigating it in the fresh state, it seems to me to be a distinct species, readily recognized by its larger size and its firmer, spotted pileus which is centrally depressed or infundibuliform. I have not seen it at all umbonate. The spots of the pileus are arranged in con- centric circles and by their confluence the pileus often appears to be zonate. The change of color assumed by wounds is similar to that which takes place in L. uvidus.
STATE Museum or NaturaAt History. 75
Russula lepida, Fr.
Woods. Menands. August. Generally with the pileus red, but quite variable in this respect.
Russula adulterina, fF’.
Low swampy ground. Karner. June. This is placed by Fries as a variety of R. integra.
Russula atropurpurea, n. sp.
Pileus at first convex, then centrally depressed, glabrous, dark purple, blackish in the center, the margin even or slightly striate, flesh white, grayish or grayish-purple under the separable pellicle, taste mild, odor of the drying plant fetid, very unpleasant; lamellez nearly equal, subdistant, sometimes forked near the stem, at first white, then yellowish, becoming brownish where bruised; stem equal, glabrous, spongy within, white, brownish where bruised; spores sub- globose, minutely rough, pale ochraceous with a salmon tint, .0008 to .0004 in. long.
Pileus 3 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 5 to 8 lines thick.
Open woods. Gansevoort. July.
In color this species resembles #. variata, but in other respects it is very different. It is very distinct in the peculiar color of its spores, and in the brownish hue assumed by wounds.
Boletus speciosus, Frost.
Woods. Sandlake and Bethlehem. August. A beautiful species belonging to the Calopodes.
Boletus auriflammeus, B. & C.
A single specimen of this very rare but well-marked species was found in Sandlake. August.
Boletus purpureus, Fr. Oak woods. Menands. August.
Boletus hemichrysus, B. ¢ C.
Pine stumps. Gansevoort. July. _ The Boleti are generally terrestrial fungi as affirmed by Professor Fries in Hym. Europ., but this species appears to be an exception to the prevailing habit of the genus. B. subtomentosus, B. paluster and B. felleus sometimes grow on decayed wood, but they are usually ter- restrial. Of this species only three specimens have been seen, all of
on at
{
76 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
which grew from the side of an old pine stump. The tomentum of the pileus is nearly one line thick. The species belongs to the tribe Pulverulenti. . : Boletus glabellus, n. sp. ahi, Pileus fleshy, thick, broadly convex or nearly plane,, soft, dry, sub- glabrous, smoky-buff, flesh white, both it and the tubes changing to blue where wounded; tubes nearly plane, adnate, small, subrotund, ochraceous tinged with green; stem subequal, glabrous, even, reddish toward the base, pallid above, adorned with a narrow reddish zone or cireumscribing line at the top; spores oblong, brownish-ochraceous, with a tinge of green when fresh; .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 broad. Pileus 3 to 5 in. broad; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 5 to 10 lines thick. : Grassy ground under oaks. Menands. July. The species belongs to the Subpruinosi, and is easily distinguished from its allies by the reddish circumscribing line at the top of the stem. ‘This disappears in the dried specimens.
Boletus variipes, n. sp.
Pileus from convex to nearly plane, thick, soft, dry, squamulose, punctate-squamulose or minutely tomentose, pale grayish-brown, sometimes tinged with yellow or ochraceous, flesh white, unchange- able; tubes convex or nearly plane, slightly depressed around the stem, small, subrotund, at first white, then greenish-yellow, the mouths dingy ochraceous; stem nearly equal, firm, more or less reticulated, whitish or pallid; spores oblong-fusiform, brownish- ochraceous with a greenish tinge, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .0002 broad.
Pileus 3 to 6 in. broad; stem 2 to 4 in. long, 4 to 12 lines thick.
Oak woods. Menands. August. f |
The species belongs to the Edules. It is separated from B. edulis by its squamulose pileus. This character and its paler stem also sep- — arate it from B. separans. The* stem is variable in color, length and __
\
degree of reticulation.
Variety albipes. Stem whitish, wholly reticulated, the reticulations coarser toward the base.
Variety pallidipes. Stem pallid, slightly scurfy, even or obscurely reticulated toward the base.
Variety tenuipes. Stem elongated, slender.
Boletus indecisus, n. sp. Pileus convex or nearly plane, dry, slightly tomentose, ochraceous- brown, often wavy or irregular on the margin, flesh white, unchange- able, mild; tubes nearly plane or convex, adnate, small, subrotund, ~
4
f ies
ey ie 7 6 dahil aries a
STATE MusEumM oF NATURAL HISTORY. Cd.
grayish, tinged with flesh color when mature, becoming dingy or brownish where wounded; stem minutely scurfy, often irregular or flexuous, reticulated at the top, pallid without and within; spores oblong, brownish flesh color, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00016 broad.
Pileus 3 to 4 in. broad; stem 2 to 4 in. long, 4 to 6 lines thick.
Oak woods.’ Menands. August.
lt belongs to the tribe Hyporhodii. It has the general appearance of B. modestus, but the tubes are not at all yellow. It differs from B. alutarius in color and in having the stem reticulated at the top, not secrupose. Its mild taste will separate it from any form of B. felleus.
Boletus albellus, n. sp.
Pileus convex, soft, glabrous, whitish, flesh white, unchangeable; tubes convex, free or nearly so, small, subrotund, whitish, not chang- ing color when wounded; stem glabrous or minutely furfuraceous, substriate, bulbous or thickened at the base, whitish; spores brownish- ochraceous, .00055 to .00065 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 3 to 6 lines thick.
Woods. Sandlake. August.
Closely related to B. scaber, of which it may possibly prove to be a dwarf form; but it is easily distinguished by its smooth or only slightly scurfy stem without any appearance of the colored dot-like
squamules which are a constant and characteristic feature of that
species. Polyporus flavovirens, B and R. Ground in woods. Selkirk. August. Our specimens agree very well with the description of P. flavovirens, except that they are smaller and the dry plant is not tough and fibrous. ‘They are to this extent doubtful.
Polyporus rimosus, Berk.
Trunks of locust, Robinia pseudacacia. Flatbush, L. I. Rev. J. L. Zabriskie.
Polyporus mutans, w. sp.
Resupinate rather thick, tough, following the inequalities of the wood; pores minute, rotund, short, buff-yellow or cream color, becom- ing dingy red or dull incarnate where wounded, the subiculum fibrous, changing color like the pores, the whole plant assuming an incarnate hue when dried.
Decaying wood of deciduous trees. Selkirk. August.
Sometimes a narrow, reflexed obtuse margin of a yellowish-brown
‘color is formed. The pores are often oblique. The species appears
_ to be quite distinct by reason of its peculiar colors.
78 Forry-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Polyporus pineus, n. sp.
Resupinate, irregular from the inequalities of the matrix, rather tender but separable from the matrix, the thin subiculum and margin whitish, sometimes tinged with yellow; pores rather large, angular, unequal, two to three lines long, often oblique and lacerated, dingy whitish, becoming blackish where bruised or wounded, the whole plant becoming blackish or blackish-brown in drying.
Wood and bark of pine. Selkirk. August.
The species is apparently allied to P. obliquus, but the pores can not be described as very small, nor has our plant an “erect crested margin.” It has a distict subiculum on which the pores are formed and by reason of which the plant is separable from the matrix.
Merulius Ravenelii, Berk. Bark of prostrate trunks of spruce, Abies nigra. Adirondack moun-
tains. July to September. This fungus varies in hue from flesh color to dark smoky red or
brownish-red. The pores are at first shallow with obtuse folds or |
dissepiments, but with age these become thinner and the pores deeper so that the plant might easily be taken for a Polyporus. Its pure white margin contrasts conspicuously with its dark waxy hymenium. The specimens labeled Merulius serpens in Ravenel’s Exsiceati, Vol. IV, 9, belong to this species. .
Merulius himantioides, Fr: Prostrate trunks of hemlock. Catskill mountains. September. The color of the hymenium resembles that of JL lacrymans, but the subiculum is very different. The fungus is soft, tender and mem- branous, and by confluence becomes widely effused. The subiculum is sometimes studded with drops of a reddish color, and is composed in part of branching strings of mycelium.
Hydnum fasciatum, n. sp.
Pileus thin, coriaceous, nearly plane, umbilicate, blackish-brown, adorned with three to seven narrow elevated scabrous, tawny-gray
concentric zones; aculei short, decurrent, ferruginous-brown; stem _ short, slender, tough, tawny-gray or blackish; spores subglobose, ~
rough, .00016 in. broad. Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 4 to 6 lines long. Naked ground in woods. Catskill mountains. September. The specimens were past maturity when collected, and the colors of
young plants may vary somewhat from those here given. The species —
i aa ee < ia. as Pats
i SvTatve Museum or NaTuraAut History. 79
is well marked by the peculiar elevated zones or lines of the pileus. The plant is closely gregarious, and sometimes the pilei are confluent. The relationship is with H. connatum and H. zonatum.
, Irpex nodulosus, ». sp.
Resupinate, forming suborbicular patches four to ten inches or more in diameter, subseparable; the subiculum thick, tough; the hymenium dentate-porous toward the thick definite margin, centrally nodulose and prolonged into unequal compressed truncate or laciniate, rarely terete acute aculei, whitish, centrally yellowish or pale ferruginous.
Bark of standing trunks of poplar. Gansevoort. July.
Radulum pendulum, Fr.
Dead prostrate trunk of basswood, Tia Americana. Argusville. July.
This is distinct from our other species by its reflexed pileate form. The pileus is whitish and pubescent, or at length nearly smooth. The Species is quite rare.
Corticium olivaceum, Fr.
Decayed wood. North Greenbush and Slingerlands.
Clavaria albida, xn. sp.
Plants 2 to 4 in. high, whitish ; stem short, thick, generally taper- ing downwards, divided above into a few short, thick, much-branched ramuli, ultimate branches densely crowded, terminating in a few short, blunt teeth; flesh firm, dry, whitish, taste tardily acrid, then bitter; spores oblong, pale ochraceous, .0005 to .0006 in. lowg, .0002 broad.
Ground in thin woods. Menands. August.
The species has the structure of C. botrytis and C. flava, but itis readily distinguished from these by its uniform whitish color, the tips of the branches being concolorous.
Clavaria densa, n. sp.
Tufts 2 to 4in. high, nearly as broad, whitish or creamy-yellow, branching from the base ; branches very numerous, nearly parallel, crowded, terete, somewhat rugose when dry, the tips dentate, con- colorous ; spores slightly colored, subelliptical, .0003 to .0004 in. long, -0002 to .00034 broad.
Ground in woods. Selkirk. August.
Apparently closely allied to C. condensata, but differing decidedly in color.
ie ip Weer) iiss
r, | ¥, “33, Ma gASt > © wer Ae, a” a hae Mase j \ 80 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Geaster Scheefferi, Vit.
Woods. Catskill mountains. September. ; The interior stratum of the external peridium is very thick in the fresh plant and conceals the short pedicel of the inner peridium, but in the dried state this stratum contracts and exposes the pedicel, which is about one line long. This character distinguishes the species from G. rufescens. Geaster vittatus, Aalchb.
Under pine trees. Catskill mountains. September.
The thin outer coat of the external peridium cracks in parallel lines, causing the laciniae or rays to appear as if striped with ~white longitudinal lines. This character gives name to the species and serves to distinguish itfrom G. saccatus to which it is otherwise very closely related.
Spheeropsis carpinea, Sacc. d& Br. Dead twigs of water beech, Carpinus Americana.. Menands. May.
y
Cercospora Gentiane, 2. sp.
Spots suborbicular, brown or reddish-brown, sometimes confluent ;
hyphe amphigenous, short, subflexuous, slightly colored,..0006 to .0012 in. long, growing from minute blackish tubercles ; spores more narrow than the hyphe, cylindrical or gradually narrowed toward one end, one to three-septate, colorless, .0012 to .0024 in. long.
Living leaves of gentian, Gentiana linearis. Number Four, Adiron-
dack mountains. July.
Oospera Cucumeris, n. sp. Tufts loose, subconfluent, whitish or grayish, forming soft, velvety patches ; hyphe erect or diverging; spores catenulate, elliptical or oblong, colorless, .0004 to .0008 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad.
Decaying fruit of muskmelon, Cucumis Melo. Menands. October.
; Sporendonema myophilum, Suace. in liti.
Hyphe colorless, simple or branched, densely interwoven and form- ing a soft whitish somewhat waxy mass, some of them producing chains of globose or broadly-elliptical spores, .00016 to .0003 in, long.
Inhabiting the bodies of living mice. Binghamton. H. L. Griffis.
In the specimen contributed by Mr. Griffis the fungus had broken
the skin of the mouse near the eyes, and also on the left shoulder. In the latter place the white patch was about six lines broad, and the ruptured margin of the skin had in some parts a bloody appearance. The mouse was said to be alive when caught, but it is quite probable
~
- 5 ,*
a ee Varo he ae ry Pe me AE ee? te 4 ges
STATE Museum or NATURAL HISTORY. 81
that the fungus would have killed it in a short time. It would be
interesting to know if the fungus could be communicated to healthy
mice in their food or otherwise, but my efforts to obtain a subject on which to try the experiment were unsuccessful.
Zygodesmus violaceofuscus, Sacc. Roots of beech. Selkirk. August.
(D.) REMARKS AND OBSERVATIONS. Nymphea odorata, Ait.
A form with very large leaves and flowers, equaling in size those of NV. tuberosa, grows in the inlet of Beaver lake, Number Four, Lewis county. It has the decided and delightful fragrance of the ordinary form.
Rubus villosus, Ait. var. humifusus, 7. & G.
Professor Dudley finds this variety near Ithaca. The variety fron- dosus 1s much more plentiful, and from it most of the cultivated varie- ties appear to have been derived, if we may judge by the character of the fruit offered for sale in the markets. It is less cylindrical, more
acid and has larger seeds than the fruit of the typical form. I am
quite confident that the true &. villosus would produce a fruit of far better quality, if brought under successful cultivation, and it seems strange that some of our enterprising nurserymen have not succeeded in introducing it into more frequent cultivation.
Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm.
A black-fruited variety of this valuable little shrub is plentiful at Number Four, Adirondack wilderness. There is also a black-fruited variety of V. vaccillans.
These varieties do not appear to have been designated by name,
but they correspond to variety nigrum of V. Pennsylvanicum and
variety atrococcum of V.\corymbosum. Thus each of our common ~ edible blueberries has its black-fruited variety. These black fruits
_ are destitute of the bloom of the ordinary ones, and have a shining
luster, but are scarcely different in flavor or quality from the ordinary blue ones. The black huckleberry, Gaylussacia resinosa, also has its cor- responding variety, in which the fruit is jet black and shining. It also
‘sometimes differs slightly in shape from the ordinary dull black
fruit, 11
Re Ke = Oo te aa
82 FoORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ’
Scirpus polyphyllus, Vahl.
Gansevoort. July. A rare species with us.
Scirpus Torreyi, Olney. Beaver lake at the inlet from Beaver dam. July. This is a form in which the cluster of spikes is subtended by a bract equaling or slightly exceeding it in length.
Lepiota amianthina, Scop.
Specimens sometimes approach L. granulosa in the structure of the lamelleze which are somewhat emarginate and adnexed, but in all other respects they are true L. amianthina.
Lepiota granulosa, Batsch. var. albida.
A persistently whitish variety. Pastures.. Catskill mountains. September. ‘fricholoma fumidellum, PL.
In the Catskill mountains a form of this species occurs which has the pileus umbonate and the umbo decidedly brown or smoky brown. Sometimes the cuticle is rimose areolate and then the plant imitates Lepiota cristata in general appearance. It is moist in wet weather and belongs to the tribe Spongiosa.
Tricholoma fumosoluteum, Pk.
\
Abundant among moss under balsam trees near the summit of
Wittenberg mountain. The pileus is sometimes spotted thus indica- ting a relationship with the tribe Guttata, though its real affinities are with the Spongiosa. The taste is farinaceous and slightly bitter. The flesh is tinged with yellow under the subseparable epidermis.
Tricholoma Peckii, Howe. This rare species occurs in the Catskill mountains. Both the pileus and stem are adorned with beautiful tawny or
yi
tawuy-red scales. The lamelle when old become stained or spotted —
with brown or are discolored or dotted on the edge. The white flesh of the pileus has a farinaceous taste, then bitterish. The odor is also
somewhat farinaceous. The pileus is viscid when moist, and the
species is allied to 7. transmutans and T. albobrunneum.
nt ee
(WPT cae oath oy | ROOTS, Mit Bd ek Ale oa Lala the: MAYES al f y pee » th fiat Sone ey ies yd, Shed 1) c \ ‘ 7
STATE Museum or Narurat History. 83
Clitocybe nebularis.
A cespitose form of the species was observed in the Catskill moun- tains. Also a form in which the whole plant is white. This is the common form in these mountains. It has the same shape as the typical form, from which it differs only in color.
Clitocybe laccata, Scop. var. amethystina.
Specimens of this beautiful variety were found at Menands and at Karner in August. Two forms occur, in both of which the pileus is umbilicate and dark violaceous when moist, canescent or greyish when dry ; in one the pileus is abomt one inch broad, convex and regular ; in the other it is two to two and a half inches broad, and has the margin reflexed and often much lobed and wavy. In this form the lamelle are broad, distant and often ruptured transversely. They are also more highly colored than in the typical form. The ordinary form has been found growing in circles in grassy places.
Collybia lentinoides, Px.
A description of this species was published in the Thirty-second Report. Two varieties have been observed the past season.
Variety rujipes. Stem even, colored reddish-alutaceous lke the pileus. This variety closely resembles ordinary forms of Collybia dry- ophila in color, and but for the serrated edge of the lamelle it might easily be taken for that species. Albany Rural cemetery. June.
Variety flaviceps. Pileus buff-yellow and striatulate on the margin when moist, pale buff when dry ; stems cxspitose, hollow, whitish.
In all the forms the essential characters of the species are the glab- rous, hygrophanous pileus, the lamelle with serrated edge and the . stuffed or hollow stem.
Collybia rubescentifolia, Pk.
In the Thirty-ninth Report this species was referred to Tricholoma, but subsequent observations indicate that it is a Collybia. The pileus is pretty constantly umbilicate and is hygrophanous, being dingy- yellow or smoky-yellow when moist and pale-yellow or buff when dry. The change in the color of the lamelle in the dried plant is a marked and constant character, and is suggestive of the specific name. The species is closely allied to C. luteodlivacea B. & C., but no hygrophanous character is attributed to that species nor any change in the color of the lamellz. Besides, its stem is described as scurfy.
{
; iN shone anvarete s(t) |, Are Tohtae Py.
4 4 alk's ty. "PM ate aay 84 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
Mycena pura, Pers.
This species is quite variable in color. A form oceurs under pine trees in the Catskill mountains, in which the whole plant has a purplish color, with the lamelle a little paler than the pileus and stem. It is darker than the ordinary forms. Ff
Naucoria Highlandensis, Pr.
This was found in the Catskill mountains, growing on buried pieces of charcoal. This habitat is the same as that of Flammula carbonaria, a species to which our plant is evidently allied, but from which it is separated by its white flesh andeits adnexed lamelle.
Stropharia Johnsoniana, Pk.
A form of this very rare species, which has hitherto been found in but one locality, occurs in the Catskill mountains. In it the pileus is wholly yellowish and sometimes marked with darker spots, and the stem is squamulose below the annulus, with upwardly directed squamules.
Hygrophorus miniatus, f7.
This species is very abundant in wet weather in all our woody and swampy districts, and is very variable in size and somewhat in color.
Variety subluteus. Pileus yellow or reddish-yellow, stem and lamellze yellow, plant often czespitose.
Thin woods. Catskill mountains. September.
f
Lactarius rufus, fF’. Among moss, under balsam trees, near the summit of Wittenberg mountain. A small form, but very acrid, and thus distinguishable from large forms of L. subdulcis.
Lactarius affinis, Pk.
This occurred plentifully in the Catskill mountains in September. It is readily distinguished from L. insulsus by the characters indicated in the Thirty-eighth Report.
Lactarius scrobiculatus, fF’.
Fine specimens were found growing under hemlock trees in the Catskill mountains. The pileus in some was eight inches broad, pale yellow, very viscid, slightly zoned and distinctly bearded on the mar- gin with coarse hairs. (
SvavE Museum or NAtruRAL HISTORY. 85
Russula sordida, Pk.
A large form of this species was found growing under hemlock trees at Gansevoort. The pileus was four to eight inches broad, at first white or whitish, umbilicate or centrally depressed; then more or less stained with smoky-brown or blackish hues and subinfundi- buliform. The flesh is white and taste mild; the stem is short, one to two inches thick, solid, white, and somewhat pruinose; the lamellz are distant, unequal, very brittle, tinged with yellow. Every part of the plant turns blackish or violaceous-black where wounded. By this character it is distinguished from R. nigricans, in which the flesh at first becomes red where broken.
Marasmius salignus, Pk. var. major.
Pileus six to ten lines broad; lamellz broad, distant, decurrent, the interspaces venose; stems often cespitose. Bark of willows. Gansevoort. July.
Marasmius androsaceus, /’.
Two forms of this species occur here as in Europe. There the form with paler pileus grows on fallen leayes of frondose trees, the one with darker or fuscous pileus on léaves of Misc trees. Here the form with pale pileus abounds, in wet weather, on fallen leaves of spruce trees, and the one with fuscous pileus on fallen pine leaves. Often the two forms grow in close proximity to each other, yet, in every instance observed, the difference of color corresponds to this difference in habitat.
Marasmius preeacutus, Lillis.
Fallen pine leaves. Catskill mountains. September.
Polyporus ceruleoporus, Pk.
On exposure to the light the blue color gradually fades to a grayish hue. Sometimes specimens occur with one-half of the pileus exposed and faded, the other half sheltered and retaining its normal grayish- blue color. The pores retain the blue color longer than the pileus,
but the whole plant fades in drying. The flesh of the pileus is white.
Polyporus vulgaris, /’r.
A form with vesicular pores, a vertical section of the hymenium being porous, was found on poplar at Gansevoort. September. P. obducens, P. adustus and P. subacidus have all a similar vesicular form. I am satisfied that the genus Myriadoporus, which was founded on such . forms, is not a good one and should be abandoned.
Sed MR ata Be ei ere ee Wy NER
86 Forry-rirst ANNUAL REPORT ow THE
Solenia villosa, fr. var. polyporvidea:
At first granuliform, then cylindrical, often crowded and Poel oh a continuous pure white stratum, appearing like a resupinate Polyporus, the villosity scarcely visible to the naked eye, but perceptible with a lens.
Decayed wood of hemlock. Adirondack mountains. “July.
This differs from the typical form in its crowded mode of growth. Is it, therefore, a distinct species?
;
Clavaria stricta, Pers. var. fumida. The whole plant is of a dingy, smoky-brownish hue. Otherwise as
in the typical form. Catskill mountains. September. In the fresh state the specimens appear very unlike the ordinary —
form, but in the dried state they are scarcely to be distinguished.
Geoglossum microsporum, C. & P. A rare species, not observed since its discovery in 1871, till it was again found this year in the Catskill mountains. .
a . (B.)
FUNGI DESTRUCTIVE TO WOOD. ' Norz.— P. H. Dudley, C. E., has investigated the action of certain — fungi upon railroad ties and eae structures. At my request he — has communicated to me some of the results of his investigations. These results are of such great practical and economic importance, — that with his permission, I have added to this report a copy of his © communication.
es Sah
664 Pine Srreer, New York, December 5, 1887. ; Prof. Caartes H. Pec, State Botanist:
My Dear Sir. — The well established fact that the decay of all ; timber, under ordinary usages, is due to the growth of many species — of fungi, gives to your long and patient work, in collecting, identify- ing and sake attention to different species, a value and bearing — of practical importance hardly expected a few years since. The / enormous annual consumption of timber by railroad companies, ship-_ : builders, architects, manufacturers and farmers, in conjunction with — the decreasing supply and increasing cost, gives value to any knowl- edge which will help check any unnecessary decay of timber.
. The experience gained from the failures of many of the expensive ne efforts to preserve timber has shown that specific knowledge of the Ae
Py
ve
Fig. II. Mycelium of Polyporus radula, one-fourth size,
or , 2
Srare Mvusevcm or NAaturRAL HistTory. 87
habitats and growth of definite species of fungi is required to best adapt the means to accomplish the desired work. Now that knowl- edge of the habitats of species of fungi has been acquired, simple and effective preventive measures suitable for many cases, without treatment, can at once be put into practice.
The study of the decay of timber used for construction is rendered yery difficult in most cases, from the fact that the entire structure of the wood may be destroyed by the growth of the mycelium, or its fermentative process, of the fungus without fr uctification taking place. This is especially true of railroad ties and bridge timbers. So little is seen in proportion to the destruction accomplished, it is due to this feature more than to any other, that the true function of the fungi on wood is not more generally understood by users and consumers of timber. It is not strange the idea is so prevalent that fungi are the accompaniments, instead of the cause of the decay of wood. A growth of mycelium, nearly similar to that shown in Fig. ES ot fungus on the under side of a plank, as in station platforms or
between boards when piled in close contact, has not been sufficient
=
in most eases to call attention to the injury, if not the destruction of the plank or timber upon which it is growing.
Fig. II shows the mycelium of Polyporus radula, Fr. growing on the under side of a plank from a station platform. After the myce- lium has run over the wood ina dense mass, then, by means of the fluids it generates —some of them haying an acid reaction — the fibers or wood cells are softened and penetrated by the mycelium, and in this way the process of disorganization is carried on.
This causes the wood to shrink, crack, and finally fall to pieces.
The mycelium of many other species of the higher Fungi differs from this to some extent, but the final effect of its growth on and through the wood is to destroy it. Besides the visible mycelium there are many other growths and ferments, invisible to the. eye, which
‘cause a rapid internal decay of large unseasoned painted blocks, such
as truck bolsters, transoms, buffers, dock timbers, and end sills to cars.
In warm and damp weather it is not uncommon for such growths to oceur upon timber when piled in close contact, according to the species of wood and fungi, in three to eight weeks. In this vicinity the tim-
per on which such growths have started may not be considered sutf- ficiently injured for construction —to be rejected. If it is thoroughly
«Figures I, II and III are from my paper entitled “Woods and Their Destructive Fungi,” in the Popular Science Monthly, August and Sep- tember for 1886, and are used by Pe of the editor, Prof. W. J. Youmans. Pon
™, ¢ 5
88 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPoRT ON THE
dried or seasoned before use, the decay commenced is checked and will not revive until the wood again becomes moist from external causes. On the contrary, if such wood is put into structures while damp and unseasoned, then painted or confined where the moisture is retained, the decay will continue, the rapidity depending upon the continued amount of damp and warm weather or equivalent con- ditions. This is commonly and erroneously called “dry rot.” Decay of dry wood can not take place without moisture.
It is well established by numerous proofs that seasoned woods last in all conditions of service where it is unfavorable for the growth of fungi, and decay in all conditions where they can grow, uniess the timber is judiciously treated. The propayation of fungi upon timber may be either by germination of spores, which are thrown off by thousands when in fructification and disseminated by the air, or by revival of mycelium already on or in the wood.
Besides the ever-present spores of a fungus or its mycelium in timber, three essential conditions in combination are necessary for the decay of wood, or in other words, the growth of a fungus.
First. Moisture, either external or internal.
Second. A temperature between 40° and 120° Fahr., 75° to 90° being the most favorable for the maximum growth of fungi.
Third. A small amount of air, still or nearly quiet. Free circula-
tion or winds check the growth of mycelium when in direct contact with it.
When wood must be exposed to these three conditions, sooner or later, according to its structure and cell contents, fungi grow and
destroy it as a result of a natural law of their growth. Therefore, to_
protect seasoned wood from decay, the combination mentioned must be prevented from taking place by rejecting either one of the three elements; or, if that is impossible, an antiseptic or preservative must be used to prevent the growth of any fungi. This brief statement comprehends, both theoretically and practically, what is necessary to be done to preserve timber structures from decay, but to reduce the principles to practice, so as to meet all conditions of service which may occur, requires a knowledge of the structure of the particular wood, its cell contents, size of stick to be used and care in seasoning. Also a knowledge of the special fungus or fungi attacking the species of wood, and the value and proper use of preservatives and antiseptics. :
Species of fungi which I have found upon specific woods when used as railroad ties or in bridges.
The fungi peculiar to white oak, Quercus alba, Lu, are Polyporus
a
\
herp ais a a » . :
State Museum or NATURAL HISTORY. 89
applanatus, Fr.; P. versicolor, Fr.; P. pergamenus, Fr.; Daedalea wnicolor, Fr.; D. quercina, Pers., and Lenzites vialis, Pk. Polyporus applanatus attacks the heart wood of the white oak tie
’ and is very destructive, and requires a moderate amount of air and
moisture for its growth. The characteristic decay of these ties is from the under to the upper side, and is most rapid in stone ballast, or a coarse ballast which retains a little moisture and permits access of air. In a ballast containing considerable loam, which checks the circulation of air, and in wet cuts, the growth of the mycelium is retarded and the durability of the ties increased. In porous ballast, -unless wet, the deeper the white oak ties are imbedded the better are the conditions of the growth of the fungi and the more rapid the decay of the ties. On the contrary, only imbedding the ties sufficient for the stability of the track increases the service of the ties by retarding the rapidity of the upward growth of the mycelium.
Polyporus versicolor attacks the sap wood of white oak ties and posts, and to a limited extent the heart wood.
Polyporus pergamenus attacks those ties from which the bark has not been removed.
Deedalea unicolor, D. quercina and Lenzites vialis have been found on ties laid on railroad bridges.
The structure of the white oak is so firm and dense that it readily sustains the heaviest traffic and it is quite difficult to impregnate the
- internal cells of the ties. Unless a process has been used which would
sterilize the spores lodged in the wood or possible traces of mycelium, the exterior treatment on the unseasoned wood prevents the escape of the internal moisture, the sameas a coat of paint. This will hasten
decay, for it furnishes the requisite conditions for fermentations and internal growth of mycelium.
The fungi attacking ties of the chestnut, Castanea vulgaris, variety Americana,-A. D. C. (Castanea vesca, L., variety Americana, Mx.), are Polyporus sulphureus, Fr.; P. spumeus, Fr.? ; P. hirsutus, Fr.; P. versi- color, Fr.; P. pergamenus, Vr.; Agaricus Americanus, Pk. and A. sub- lateritius, Scheeff.
Polyporus sulphureus is also very destructive to telegraph poles and large posts, attacking them near the ground line.
- The chestnut contains naturally a stronger antiseptic than the
white oak and resists, in contact with the soil, the growth of the
fungi until the antiseptic is destroyed by the air, or contact with
the rails and spikes. The decay of the chestnut tie is from the
top downwards; therefore the deeper the tie is imbedded
the longer the body lasts. The full advantage of this is lost in 12
\ : I ‘
90 Forry-rirst ANNUAL o Rppone ON THB sae “i ty
y ‘ + hh 4
some degree from the decay which takes place around the spikes and under the rails, from the fact that the iron in contact with this— / g wood neutralizes its natural antiseptic. The ends and centers of chestnut ties are sound after the rails have cut into the wood enough to necessitate their removal. The opinion is quite prevalent that they do not decay, but are mostly destroyed by mechanical abrasion; which is not the fact, for the microscope reveals the truth, the presence of the mycelium of a fungus and its destructive work on the wood fibers as an important reason of their rapid abrasion. :
The chestnut is lighter than the white oak and many of the wood fibers much coarser, which enables it to be impregnated with an anti+ septic quite readily. The large ducts of the two woods are about the same size. The medullary rays of the chestnut are fewer than of the white oak, and it is, therefore, more easily indented as a tie.
The fungus which principally attacks the white cedar, Chamecyparis spheroidea, Spach., is Agaricus campanella, Batsch. It even attacks the growing tree, and in most cases its mycelium is found in the ties when cut. The tree isa very slow grower and, as the lower limbs .become shaded, they die and are attacked by their special fungus, and this communicates with the upright cells of the tree. It takes’ from ten to twenty years before the limbs break off and the wound or orifice is closed by the growing wood. As long as air has access to the mycelium it slowly grows and destroys the wood above and below the - wound, the decay spreading laterally very slowly, owing to the small) — medullary rays and the preservatives they contain. As soon as the © orifice is closed, shutting off the air supply, the decay for the time is nearly if not entirely checked. When the trees are cut for ties it is not uncommon to find one or more decayed spots, from one-half to an inch in diameter, extending nearly the entire length of the tie. ‘i
The durability of the wood is so great that such ties are not rejected as long as there is suflicient sound wood for spiking. This wood contains a natural preservative and is very durable in contact — with the soil, but its structure is too h¢ght and delicate to long with-
re
stand the heavy traffic of trunk lines, though from its durability itis valuable for those of moderate traffic. Ms The fungi which destroy ties made of Tamarack, Lari ‘ania 3
Mx., are Polyporus pinicola, Fr. and Trametes Pini, Vr. The fruit of the former always shows traces of phosphoric acid. This wood is heavier than white cedar, the wood cells being larger, ta with thicker walls. It is also much stronger because the cells in the — annual layer formed in the autumn are nearly solid and in sufficient number to resist indentation or cutting of the ties by the rails under ‘i
a
a / ‘ ‘ Vee yi ‘
Mati pe dS Wa terat yi d Mist ey
\
}
Pheri i ae
Strate Museum or Narurat Hisvory. - 91
heavy traffic. ' It is a wood which can be easily treated so as to resist
the attacks of fungi, and such ties have lasted over thirty (80) years
in actual service.
The fungi attacking the hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis, Oarr., are
numerous.
Agaricus melleus, Vahl. A. campanella, Batsch.
A. porrigens, Pers. A. succosus, Pk.
A, rugosodiscus, Pk.
A. epipterygvus, Scop. Paxillus atrotomentosus, Fr. Lenzites sepiaria, Fr. Stereum radiatum, Pk.
The following is a list so far as observed:
Polyporus lucidus, Fr.
PE. Be Vise yi Wes vit oP; IR:
benzoinus, Fr. epileucus, Fr.
Vaillantvi, Fy.
subacidus, Pk. medulla-panis, Fr. pinicola, Fr. abietinus, Fr. borealis, Fy.
This wood does not contain any natural antiseptic or preservative, and is readily attacked by a host of fungi, and decays very quickly. It is heavier than white cedar, but lighter than the tamarack, and, when well preserved by metallic antiseptics, makes a valuable tie.
The fungi destroying the wood of yellow pine, Pinus palustris, MGl1., are Lentinus lepideus, Fr.
Spheria pilifera, Fr.
See Fig. I. See Fig. ITT.
Trametes Pini, Fr., and Merulius lacrymans, Fr. The first is the most destructive to ties in this vicinity, the decay
Fig. I. Lentinus lepideus, Fr. on Yellow Pine.
Showing the fruit of the fungus on, and the mycelium in, the wood. The sizeof the fruit varies from an inch to
eight inches in diameter.
/ is concerned.
being most rapid on the bottom and extending upwards. In porous ballast the deeper the -ties are imbedded the shorter the duration of ser- vice, so far as decay The mycelium requires considerable moist- ure for its growth, and some air. last which prevents a free circulation of the
latter checks its growth. The sun and wind check its growth and oftentimes a tie which looks sound upon the surface will be so badly decayed underneath that its removal from the track will be necessary.
A bal- ~
O2 Forty-rIrst ANNUAL REPORT ON THE | ast aie) ae The mycelium of this fungus is usually pure white, and is not killed by freezing in the wood. In bridges it is very destructive. Trametes Pini is also found upon ties of this wood, butis confined to the portions above ground. It will grow and fruit with less moisture than Lentinus lepideus, but as far as observed, its rapidity of destruc- tion is not so great. ; The fungus shown in Fig. IIT appears on the sap-wood of yellow pine, giving it a dark, dingy appearance, and if the dampness continues fermentations are set up, destroying the wood. Spheria Pilifera attacks the sap-wood, discolors and quickly destroys this portion of the wood
Fie. TIL haan pili. Under favorable conditions for its growth. The fera, Pr. magnified five yosinous matter in yellow pine does not protect it in out-door situations, from attacks of the fungi mentioned.
The heart wood of yellow pine is so dense and firm that it is not readily penetrated by antiseptics. The same remarks in regard to imbedding white oak ties apply to this wood. In buildings, yellow pine is attacked by Merulius lacrymans, Fr., where it is warm and damp and the air stagnant.
White pine, Pinus Strobus, L., when used in bridges and trestles, is attacked by Lentinus lepideus, Fr., Agaricus melleus Vahl., Polyporus | Vaillantii Fr. and, in warm inclosures, Merulius lacrymans Fr. Both the latter are very destructive. 7
There are many other woods whose structure is well adapted to their use as railroad ties, but which are so quickly destroyed by fungi as to be of no value unless judiciously treated. These are the beech, birches, elms and maples.
The above will be sufficient to call attention to the practical impor- — tance of a study of the fungi, in an economic sense as applied to the decay of wood.
The following simple but effective measures for the preservation of wood can at once be put in practice
Timber, ties and boards should be seasoned before using, except when submerged. Green wood, according to the species, contains from twenty-five to forty-eight per cent of its weight of sap or moisture,
and fully one-half these amounts must be removed to prevent decay
in lumber painted on one side, or large sticks of timber painted on all sides, as buffers and car sills, transoms, truck bolsters and timbers. ake
All lumber and timber should be piled so there can be a free circu- lation of air around and between each board or stick. Stringers, six
y
eh we N er ae % ba ‘- : bye ar oe / ‘ j
STATE Mvusrum or NATURAL HISTORY. 93
to ten inches thick, should first be laid down, and the lumber piled on them in tiers, with narrow sticks between each board at the ends and centers. Grass and weeds should not be allowed to grow near the piles of lumber, impeding the circulation of air under them.
| Large timber should be seasoned under sheds and not exposed to the rays of the sun, as the latter dries an exterior portion so rapidly that it prevents the proper escape of moisture from the outside, and internal decay is liable to occur.
If timber, ties or boards’are piled in close contact, and remain so for any length of time, dampness will revive and start the growth of mycelium. It is not uncommon to see large sticks of timber, especially for freight cars, taken into the shops partially covered by mycelium, dressed, framed, put into cars and then painted, thus com- pleting the essential condition for slow but certain decay. Such wood has only one-fourth to one-third the life of seasoned wood.
Boards, especially those used for sheathing freight cars, when piled in close contact, in Se, summer, are attacked
BO tines “eth dol
——\— it 1 cova) ‘ ier the wood by filling the es 2 sarin, cells with growths, RPI SID
often similar to those
shown in Fig. IV.
The species of fungi which discolor the sap- wood and then set up fermentations are ex-
2 Ur
ceedingly numerous and grow with great rapidity. Some of the
forms found in white pine are spheres re- sembling those shown in Fig. IV.
This wood, on being dried, will remain dis-
y ‘ , colored, but the sea- Fig. IV. Magnified 150 diameters, showing fungus i qos growths discoloring the sap-wood of white pine. soning will check the
decay. Such boards, when put into cars and painted, quickly decay when moisture reaches the unpainted surface. This class of decay is
by
94
Se CNY | :
‘not confined to cars and railroad structures, but exists also 1 in build Pup tt ings, wharves and docks, where timber forms the major part. The reasons for the first steps in checking the present unnecessary ~ decay of timber must be first understood before we can derive full benefits of more expensive and complex treatment of timber.
(F.) BOTANICAL INDEX TO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM.
Yours truly.
ye Wi
oN ,
Wen, yt
P.. DUDLEY.
REPORTS — TWENTY-TWO TO THIRTY-EIGHT.
REPORT, PAGE.
ApiEs balsamea............. 28, 1. W 2-1 2 mes Te SE: EA 27, ACALYPTOSPORA PO pula sake aE ACHILLEA millefolium....... 38, Acnips cannabina... 25, 107, 26, Aconitum napellus,........-. 27, ACREMONIUM fiexuosum..... 32, ACROSPERMUM album........ 32, COMPLESSUM Gur ae Wasese e 25, SereuTMLETIATM Yo 2 te 30, RICOTTA NER cbs Soret-vehs Sah ejo ke ape 24, Gilli aah 4" Gos hneeDetonae EDO, PA WUETITS Se icin Soh oie stat toe oi 24, AE ORO UEULT iets eee no 23, ASHOGADUION OF ciate She eens 25, PFET PEOEIOIS) soc eke s ace 24, C567 12 2) eens pace re Aa 25, cimicifugatum .......... 33, claytoniatum .....:..... Zoe Clematitis. . ee Ole) 20% Compositarum . eerie a aeaDS EVE RSIG OT 0 ae aly See 25, aracontiabum, 4. $42.78 28, NECN Ae) > orcs Bisse hehe OTe REDINO WIL Soe ds ah gn iets 23, erigeronatum ,.....1.... 24, EBuphor DIRS Meee 30, Euphorbie-hypericifolia 24, 1 FM 21. ciACY a gps Pat FERS SPN 23, MCLE 22a. oe teeta De: Morandi. ook Vee 25, gnaphaliatum........... 22, (STOSSTULATIE: «syed osc ye oe 22 houstoniatum.... 22, 93, 25, INVOMOVOO IN) Pa ae 22, Hydrophy La ere eft ea IN 26, Nypericatum yy. lS. 25, TInpAtiEntis is. Sco. +> 23, ITS, Coes tc a Lise hee 24, TTI OIG hd Liane eat O38! EF COPE 9 sire Vo rege = ae os 26, EA eimai 2)... oe tee 26, TA AGEOBDOVIMI Faris eras te 23, Mariz-Wilsoni.......... 24,
NEenthe os. oe
83 113 139
REPORT. PAGE. 60
AicIpDIUM myricatum........ 23, Neseese.. 0. See ee 27, CGiinotherg... 252 Meee 23, Orobi sl. 32 Dt Osmorrhize Ses eee 24, pedatatum \........54. (i. 2 as ‘Penstemonis). {ieee 24, Podophylii .).. ees 23, pustulatum’:: Sse 23, pyrolatum | dear Poros ee 30, quadrifidum >.) Seuss 23, RanunculacearuM...... 24, Ranuneuli 8. 5 eae 23, Sam bucis. }/o557 eee 22; Santeulee: 2). oar 30, Tepe! Lees 24, 92, 25, Thaliewl\:. sa. 252 See 24) Urticee ss kiss hoe eee 24, Uvularise: )Saieeere eee 26, Viole) . 3.4.6 eee 23,
AMGERITA candida ......:..0. 29,
/ArHAuivum ferruginicola ... 26, geophilum *. 01). eer 28, S@ptiGuna . vst) Pehle 22,
AGARICUS abor tivus i) See 24, abscondens ...... its, 3l; abundans .. 25, seeeaeee 29, acerié¢ola,./s. 2. eee nib eee ACICULa: 4.4225 See pes acutesquamosus...... is BBs adiposus 4320 ee een 23, Adirondackensis ....... rpe admirabiliss. sya. 24, 64, 28, aggericola))... eee albissimus MeRmEares yh 26 8 26, albocrenulatus........ mi 25, alboflavidus..\.caeeeee 23, albogriseus ../...0ysees 31, alboides...’..: >. .::ogeaeem 32) al bust... 7... Seni 35, SNIVIINUS .'.. 226 eeene ay alnicola..: 2.) eee eee
Americanus, 23,71,25,108, i,
angustipes anisarius.,. 2:40 #aate
bi. sa at 2, ) v te if ¥ we 5 . oy; ; 4 sR ’ Ga as _ Svate Musevmw or Narvrav History. 95 : REPORT. PAGE. REPORT. PAGE, / Besiis =: Wo7 =) at hb ae 30, 388] Acaricus cristatellus ....... Sh, or hae applicatus............... 22, 78 eristatus.:... 2.0.4. 22,76, 235° 72 aquatilis ................ 32, 29 QuUrgieluesss poy. eine Pe 22, 78 BOOMATENUS 02... 5... 30, 42 GUEVIPes a4 i Ao eyelid 33," £9 LICR NST as ee ae 32, 29 curvomarginatus ....... 23, 92 PUEVICTISIS 002. 'S00o 22° 78, 31, ~ 64 CUSPLAAbUSE a. eis, Ceehie 24, 64 BSCOPNOTUS.... V2... ..5..2- 24, 68 eyaneus so! ten in be Oy, SATE RRNOMIA (2. 02. hjg2- yi 24, 66 deal bags) iio Peet os 32, 26 atomatoides........ Meee ena a GETS as eer SS ase ak ey 25;. «16 2/0 ye 2 0 Re ea 23, 102 GECOROSTISE Oe yee eeae pa I Pre AtratOldes......./....... yee delectabilis..4 320 e067. a7, \93 OOo) EAR a 38, 86 Aelicatellws 3 ke oe eens 30, a9 Jvc ayslill oy oy 6 (2)s A ee Den 98 delieatwlwsy etute Saher Oa Ge atroceeruleus..... ...... DOs NET detersibilis ....... 28, 49,.30, 70 JESU SIT CTse ee 28, 48 GiIMINMEIVAS. © eee ee D6 pe MIO MIS” Sok esc Ss es Dowie oo GISCOLOL. visha co Gieeere eiae ys my GUNNS a 26, 58 discomorbidus .......... FASS deals 3) wel bombycinus...... ...... 33, 19 GISGOPUSY i. ote cee ete 38, 8 Hiiciue nts ae PB we Wh) disseminatus.........4.- WB ey rt (0: Pyssisedus ....<..-..... 26.-).356 AILO DUR 2 eka ee 23. 18 BeSaTS. 6 .o\.-)- 23,68, 32, ° 54 Gorsalisy yee ve oe ee 24, | 69 (SIS Io (21S aaa ee 38, 89 dryophilis 2.0.22 5./.ces O30 7 We 2 SG Ss ae cr PEON cet dysthales 74.5: 25.2 Bete 3255, 28 PeOISoU Geeta... - OLNEY Pe y 5. mest) echimipess, 4404s econ 26; 21, bb campanella, 22; 77, 23, 85, 24, 102 CCLY DOIGES foo on. om ante oechede Q4e eG he AT: elongatipes Le Se Sak ae pes 29, .40 campanulatus .....:.... 23, 102 PPCM SUM. a5. 5) eee 32, 27 . campestris, 22, 78, 23, 97, 25, 109 CPUC CS ae aes Sante dyer ed aby ples ATP OOPS 2 10s wa sje ee 31, 35 epipterygius...... 22, 77, 23, ; 83 Epi Ours ni ee does 18 epixalthus:. .... + hai 22, 078 @Candolleanus............- B05 at CQUESEIS .\-19 hIkee ore ee 24, 60 PIA TG lah 32... 29 erimaceeluss we Nese 50F ang (CUNY 0S X01 aia er Done lO eutheloides....i..2..: 4. By eee: (HIELCLIN ESS) Gis oe DY Maat iN) EXCeGeNs os Pee sh ee 24, 68 @opeeupes. 2... -/....-.., Dts, +, 92 EROMMAWIUESY 0) anne BER GUAR oie = 24, 70 COS 263057 OX PANSUS on ack lee ee ae 26, 58 OGPNUUS .)-.2------...--- 23, 100 PU EK woe ane Sadie atari a anata Eid eke OLIN Sh D31e BT HES HAONA UE: We ele eeu Bee Ae 23 9 chimonophilus ......... Dien ae farinosus....- SY ION Ma ee 23, 70 ah chrysenteroides........ 24, 60 EASTIDIIS 3 eee pers B Hye brs bj) FeLi Sse) CSR 5 ee ir 23, 85 POLI US 33 5 hese ares ie 26, 50 ehrysophyllus........... 1 aa fil ae x. 2A Se ae 23, 86, 26,1190 eo GUEGI Mba e es ye se 23, ~80 thoes ain wsee DA NOG NDT a pale ‘ CABRIO MTS ro ssrals soho D9 e389 fUMTC Olay Lene ay ee eas D3 peat (if CUMEOMTAMUS sc. 22... 24. CF snes veal any abs) die eye) 5 shee eee 24, 67 OUIIS MIS: Aa ae am Dds e062, HLAVESCENS ey cae eee has PAalaey ey CypGmulis. eo... 6.2... aT flanaidellans eek ste es 30, ° 38 clypeolaris:....... 23, 72, 38, 84 PRAMAS ile es tee nee SR) -29 Golils ie ha wee ern Da 82 Hoceulosus!. 507. coeaaieue 23, . 96 Pelemowsw o-oo. 26, 54 foliomarginatus ........ 26, 56 (Glo lannta tier hee ia as Aa ane 28, 49 PPR OUIOLN aan ahaa eae FT sO GEMTATOMIIS 2.2. o 38, . 87 PRA TAMS 1926 ss 9 See 24, 61 “S)OVI 0} S01 ae ro 38, 86 NETO SE ots a ee ee 26, <A9 GOMpressipes®....5..>... Boxi7 dS HroOStranus: io eases 33, 18 MMR errs 8 sist Sens, Ody.) LO fulvotomentosus ........ AGs Nie Bil OAR SG 6 bat Sen ere DL G6 SV H vay KS yeaa Nee ener Pe ee Fa 23, 2 conigenoides............ 30, © 39 PUMESCENS*))0- sa ties meee Sle 82 VE ed site ie! PIM Celis See ries 26,,- 52 . COMMERTIS. Sch Ko yh QGe 5S PUMOSOlULECUS ees: QT i792 PUOOM SUAS csc. e/2. .i. 2 bes DIPS] HUSCOGISCUS.c wer ate eclae PA BY aS | OM PRATIES 02%, fork a's acals « BU aL PUES COLOUTUS © een aie ea ere 26.1756 Goprinoides ...... 26, 59, 29, 66 SSE Fy ee 26, 50 COLLICOlA.5.:.2 a0). 23. 84, Bos BD galericulatus 22,77, 23,81, 26, 90 eremoraceus......... eG salopus Re Mse tea iy See Die Moan GROTACEUS, (008. ee 22, 178 geminellus GL Ur Rahs Aer fe 26, 58 ue i
96
Forvy-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
REPORT. PAGE. Acaricus geophyllus, 23, 96, 26,
Gerardianus ..........-. 26, gracilis..........-.-..s.- 23, Sracuimus.. 2 ssoe sea 25, graciloides SPU aaa 30, eranularis if Ahi oth 40 eee 26, sranulosus ome Sets 23, 72, 24, Grayanus DR Recent wate 24, FEIPORSIS 3.4.00 oT. 24, riseoscabrosus......... 26, cematopus....... 24, 63, 31, LUTE S1 Zo) 1 1S) Sr Shy allan ue setae oe 235 haustellaris ...... Roe a aE 24, hebelamar.oses e266 Sec2 26, NEMO ANU hee ek See 26, heteroclitus <=. 2.2... 532. 24, IBTASCORS! Ohke 2825) 2e lata 25, HFEOMANS We ey sie sages Oe 38, Highlandensis .......... 24, hir tosquamulosus DEO tae 25, ROHN SING Yechaoe os Aas 24, Hordus 2). s282: 25, 73, 32, Hornemanni........:... 23, VOM Gans 45.1: soe ee ete 26, . hygrophoroides......... 32, hy menocephalus. . ead MP MOTUNY Si \nge «2k red 23, Mets. os Seo AS 23, PUT TPETB S37. Oz .b orcs ee 25, MUPOSNS).\: yates Se eee 23, immaculabus,.). 6... </ 38, impolitoides fs... 2.0... 32, PO GOMDUISE Gre lithcls Ue actor ee 29, IRL GCCNG ior .co sok BOs ee 30, BONUS 5552 othe oes 32) BUMROUISE! ie ecko Se baeess oe PA le infundibuliformis....... 23, STATS 2 eS AE ie gts eee a0; Johnsonianus .... 23, 98, 30, IRIE}, accept se bk ete 38, jaccatus....22, 77, 23, Tivos PACCTUSE os ck chirtk ate 23, FLCUNOSUB? ots Ale tees 25, lacrymabundus........ 30, DeATITIUS 4.8 J alee ee 23, WPOPATIUG, 1: bo. Stn Sere 26, MPVOIEOUINIG << hha28's sat deers oe 23% MAG AIFINTIBY ¢, 2:2. n8 0st eek 24, TANTACEDS 3 bs ch eee oe 3h ISNTINOIGES ¥..8 25.) Vee 32, POS OUIMINU SS. tos Sh oss ee ok 23 ISDPOIONAUB 35 io tens te ae 32, Isprophyllus’ 3 .).0/25.5-5.5 24, leucocephalus........... 26, TOONS Suissa sc betes? 23, lilac EMITOMIIS 05 s.ck 29, PP POTTATIG 7 oho aces 3% 24, 63, 39) IEMAGOMA) Sco. 2 odes 24, MIM ONO UTE, - i hete hes ee 314 AURTOCHNIUNN arsed oc potest sice 26, WAM OW NWS. doe. ea te 30, longistriatus............ 30, luteofolius .............- 27,
luteopallens............. 32,
AGARICUS maculosuSs........ madeodiscus.....:..0.%- 38, magnivelaris......... oo sae Mappa « .ss2.0 2+ eee 22, maritimoides:.4...:.2225 38, Marmoreus. -. ).Le Saeese 24, melleus.... 22, 76, 23, 73, 24, motachrous) .. 2. see eeeee 2357 metulzesporus .<..2..). 5. 35, MICTOpuUS:.) 3)... eee 31, minutulus <2 occ. 3: ving eee 25, Miratus :% ... Vik eee 26, modestus: 4.3 22ers 32, mollis’... cise eee eee 24, MONLARUS |) 3, eso 27, multipunctus ........... 25, | MUPICAtUS JY. +: akoee meee 32, muscarius ........ 23, 68, 24, Mutatus.. tk Sees 24, myriadophyllus......... 25, NANUs). i555). 23, NauUciNoides .:) 5.2 eee eee 29; NAUCINUS = 2k... eee 23, 72, 29, nebularis..... os no BOTS Baer nephrodes........---...: 26, Niger... \.)-¢ F.eee eee 26, nitidipes +25 oat a 35, nodulosporusie.eeeeeee 32, Noveboracensis......... 23, oblitus .o..4c2 Sia 26, ochropurpureus.. 22, 77, 25, ocultisss:: ae. jae 23, odoratus’: )\.c2. see 24, odorifer 0. shee eee 30, O@OTUS’ =... 52. scene 32, olivarius:! Sey seoe is A 25, oreella >... .. ie ae Py a ornellus .«.2!. 52:5) sheen 34, ostreatus ..... <a . 22, ovalis,.. ...... eee 93° pallidomarginatus ...... 25, paludinellus: .. = c2omiee. 31, paluster .......4..0-.+-: 23, papilionaceus .........2% 23, PAsCUUS »..... eevee ne Oe parvifructus ...... b ovese 38, patuloides...... 7.225% 32, pelianthinus........-.... 25, peltigerinus ...: copes 30, perplexus)'s\.6 5) meee 23, personatus ....... 22,-76, 23, | petaloides .....6.0 22.0255 22, phalloides .......° 55 sepa 23, phyllogenus ..........-. 26, pinophilus ;...:..:2 tense placomyces ...........-- 36; plicatellus .....:. -3.aeem 29, poculum .....: ieee 23, polychrous....... 22, 78, 23, polytrichophilus ........ 30, ponderosus ...... 26, 50, 29, POITIGENS .....-.-ereee 24, preefoliatus.........-.-0% sa! prelongus PFOCEFUS .242i5i) 4
Paces
eo. ee
) Icus pruinatipes..... apie cece POUMUIUS,......... 22..'18,. 23, ete PteriIeOnus .......5.....5 25, ieee papescentipes....... 2... 29, eee pICherrimus ....)...... 23;
__ purpureofuscus . 38, te a ae 23,
pusillomyces............ 28, PePULrIgQenus.............. 25, ) 2 Sige2t Ch 24, Meme radicatellus............. a radicatus. ..22, 77, 23, 79, 31, TO iv Uy A 23,
| JY
Peewee rnaeeAdiosus ....).°..... 33, Wee atnOdOdendri..:......... 27, em PROCOCVIIX’..o.... 2... 31; t mermodopolius..........2... 23, UT a ae 23, PRUDENT. oe Sse ee 36, 2 a ee oh. PETITES Wm oe oe oss ho ees 27, swe COSeOCandidus .......... D5:
. Tubescens............../.. 24, PeeeCUNGUS ...2.0:...... 26,
MACULILINCHUS). 2.4.5.2... 35, rubromarginatus .,..... 31, rugosodiscus..... 2655: 131. POPMIBSUIOIGES ....:.....-.- 25,
Lo el 25, ' saccharinophilus ....... 25,
. salignus....-. - 2 eee 22: SeomiealMmomeus .............- 24. ‘aes saneuinolentus ......... 23%
I PRDPMLUES 0 5 aie, eee oe 29, PeraeapineUus ...:...........- 32, wie -sarcophyllus ..... BS 96; 31, epreceMrOsUs!. 5.2... 0....... 24,
ieee beaerinellus............. 33, RK: seabriusculus ........... 23, Pe ee sOnuUMacnen...:........ 24, oy BCGEBIOIGCH.~..,.../4:... Bae ‘af Seypnoides j.............-. 38, Bi SGM ADLUG ..-.. 6... Dy A ume ssemMelobatus ........... 23, ore semuaneeatus..........: 23, » semiorbicularis... 22, 78, 23, MEME sGODLICUS ....0.5.....-.... ote ReSeMICOUUS Oy... 6... 24, ; serotinoides ...... 23586: 31;
MEOTOUNUS ...).....-.-..-. 31, SOE ae BYE »Seymouranus ........... 24,
Pte esiOnna. oo)... BR Stee he 24,
pee eeevaLICUS...°..... 25,59, 28, Demyeacola ,...0..--5..1 ei BS,
wet ITU a od... ad 24,
Betremrnapicus...........2..:.. 25,
a Ea ay
i 2 er an 23, MMMBOMEATIUS ... 0.000. .i 6. 33, Mareoresaulus .... 2.02... 38, Peck Bpecens ||... 8. 23,
em uepectabilis ........5..... 34,
ie | sphagnorum Wvaans 23, 79,23,
Bong 13
REPORT. PAGE.
39 | AGARICUS spinulifer......... 88 SNROLUS san cies sreswias ties ‘ 76 squalidellus ..0..0.0.2.. 39 SQUAMOSUS r< iiecie eis <0 ooh. ‘ 83 squarrosoides’ 4..4.2.2. 2. 85 AGUBRLOSI Sis an Pee 82 stellatosporus;.....,.... 4 48 SbeLTAGUS settlers aa 35 78 STOTCOLALNIS Ue ys ees é 64 sterilomarginatus ...... 32 . stipitarius Sbahhe ale ea 54 SHIAcLLOLNIS HAE 101 SETAC Se oe ee eee : 76 SUBLELIOND Sg ade 23, 88, 18 stroplitormis 2. 5:02905 3 94 stylobates: 52. eee 33 Subareclatus.s yas eases 88 UC rUIeWS . fh eee 95 SUbemubis:. | eek a ipa 45 SOIT CIS ree ea eee 76 subincarnatus .......... 93 SUblaterithuis 3b ease 76 subochraceus .......:... 59 SupZOnahis bsesmo: eee. 51 SUCCOSTIS. 45 Sap ens ee 13 SUlcatipest. Ay Sis us ee 32 sulphureoides .......... 54 temnophyllus...... : 72 MONET! Ly ee ee ay dete 3 tONneEloOldes =) Face) te ) 78 TENETTINIUS so o.oo ae! 77 FETTECOLOHS 52 WS Bee 65 FOLTCUS Ye ee 83 COAT IU Siro avn a eee 38 tihephilugy. JAN Aa we 29 tintina bw Ms ae ae 54 tomentosullis =): 20a. 66 FranSmMiaibansss2o:..cspee 19 EEECHISHOLUSs 2) -e 0c ee 85 SERED UTS: 326s oe tee ee 60 PrENtEONGNSIS): Muse. ee 24 92 HOMMISALUS 13392 see 86 SPUN CICOLA: eee ae ae 78 TUBEFOSUS? oak eet ee 98 UAT AUS yas ate eee te ee 100 umbelliferus') 2.00020 622 93 umbonatescens ......... 32 WIN DOMINOS 4 ioe. oe 64 VMUDLOSIS A oe sk ee 54 UN GALLUS) ae ae ae 54. WUNTIHNGHIB sees cere 89 WACOINNIB sek gas: shea 66 VACUMALUS Ss; » lo. op te dien 60 SELLS i 05 ate ee 85 VEALievabus: Fs Ahi eeeetaag 97 WELDING. ose Wee 2 62 velutipes ......... 22:77, 74. VEERMIfl Ms, 2-2 eae ‘Ss 132 WEED AIS): 2otan atts Bg ee owe 101 VOTMUS oh) Poe 5 eee Reet 18 | WELSU TUS. oaccaenheitee ico’ 88 | VeOmeamei hy oat ese oa 99 Vilescens |, Sir Orns pe 42, VEMLOSTISH os unless ee 94 ‘VIFESCENS he ues © 25, 74, \ -
tii nt a hides DS RR SU a
Srarr Museum or NatruraL HISTORY. —
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m3 98 TREY eee A NNUAL “Reporr ON THE t: REPORT. PAGE. nae = AGaricus viriditinetus...... 33, 36| ASPERGILLUS clavellus ...... 34, 1 ee. NOWWOIIS els. Aas nes 24, 59 glaticus 2.0... 2). a Be ¢ Mileage bo tease OF 88 HaVUS © ico. pee » 35 oe ip oy Watsoni... oe hg Se eoeebrts 28, 48 fuliginosus! ;: 2) ae Gl GG i" i AGRIMONIA parviflora ....... 36, ee pheeocephalus ....... oy Be ee eG Aan AGrostis scabra..-..-.....-. 34, 56} ASPEROCOCCUS echinatus..... 22° ‘70. “tx AHNFELDTIA plicata ......... 22, 73) AsprpIuM aculeatum, 24, 101, 26, a 4 Arma Geespitosa.............- 38, 108 25,107, 31, 53 as ALECTORIA jubata ........... 22, 959 cristatum ./..2. ieee Sie aoe. s ALwaRtIA Officinale ......... Soe Wee fragrans. ... 2.433 23, DOs Sas abe aaae igs Auuium Canadense.......... 28, 84 Noveboracense.......... 98. 5h i ret Atnvs glutinosus........... SS be AS spinulosum ...... 31,53; Daa yebtoy ‘if > ALTERN ARIA tenuis.......... 35, 139) ASPLENIUM Bradleyi.. 33, 18, aft 40) 3 f chartarum ......... 99.5 88 ebeneum . .. »..2o)ieee 22, 104 ¥ i AtyssuM calycinum. .23, 133, 36, 36 ebenoides ....... 2thuseene 36, 3B. 3) wir WN So ee Ne 33, 38 montanunt.;;-.... 7 eee 26; § 48° 300 4y eae ed i Se tes 33. 48| AULOGRAPHIUM subconfluens 28, 70 3 strangulatus............. at 038) AZALBA ViSCOS@...... Jans sees 295 AGB Bs AMARANTUS spinosus........ 28, °83| AzoLua Caroliniana .. 28, 85, 36, ~ 405 “i ei Bimides .. ighs se eee 36; 35|AsTER acuminatus.........: 4g ee a AMAUROCH#TE atra.......:.. 30, 50 amethystinus .. pe ae . AMBLYODON dealbatus ...-.. 22, 97) eorymbosus: .. 1... ageeee BA = AMELANCHIER Canadensis... 28, 83) ericoides .>...\. ..\ms eee : AmorPHA fruticosa.......... pe wee} longifolius< s3n2eseeee % AmpuHoripium Peckii........ 22, 57 macrophyllus : AnpDrRopoGoN Virginicus .... 26, 89 nemoralis J... 26ce eee ete}: Sais BPs: ANETHUM foeniculum........ 23, 134 Novee-Angliss “23. eeen 93,3 ff iN ANGIORIDIUM sinuosum ..... 26, ° 75 Tradescantl 2-2i22¢ sue 34,4 BAD ; Anopus Donianus........... 22, 56| AsTERINA Gaultheriz ....... 22, 101° = nt APpLectRUM hyemale........ 36, 39 nuda. \: 0... ee 38, 102 >, APPENDICULARIA entomo- ASTEROMA Rose)... ...4.ues 28, 58s ey “LS Ea oa aa Bae 38, 96] ASTEROPHORA Pezize........ 35, 142. % : AmAris hispida....22..2:..-: 38, 107) AsrerosporiuM betulinum . aie ‘a ATI CANILIS:. 50% jo sSaee plei-rae 38, 107) Arractium flammeum 25, i ; wee eee ‘ 2 quinquefolia ...........- 23, 134) ATRIPLEX hastata RO % ARCEUTHOBIUM pusillum ... 25, 69 patula /...:s:- gaan 68 =. 98, 83, 27, 112, 29, 65| Bacrripium Ellisii .......... rE vs ARCYRIA cinerea............. 22, 89| flavum ~:..cegeome 26, 77, Bis 08.004 ay PIPILAE 2 151: 2 Phe eiews ee as 3, 53] BapHamia affinis... ....42e: 31, a . et BESMOBA) Xsohs cL keecceen 25, 84 hyalina... 7.205 29, 46-45 e pros ahas.. fae Cae Naeos 25, 84] magna .,.:..).... eee Si Bea a MACTOSPOLAS 5. oie e's - 34, 43) Bxomycrs eeruginosus .......22, 66 fee . oT 2 Ra ee eer eeaeaa aa 26, 76 byssoides’. ... oases ra a> pomiformis ............. ays hee ericetorum 56 j POICOR 1. 2S Geta ee se 24, 84) Barspowa fallax a AREGMA mucronatum, 23, 55, 24, 103 | recurvifolia ee OBIUSADIIMN 2. Se. io secs 24, 90) BarTRACHOSPERMUM a speciosum........ 22, 91, 24, 103 forme ....:.13> nee eee Ya Pr ArismMa triphyllum ........ 28, 84/ Brarora atropurpurea ......- ArTremisiA Canadensis . 34, 54 chlorantha:. 2) 2teneeaee ARTHONIA astroidea......... 94, 58} decolorans . «3. J) F2eeeeee ' lecideélla......... 93, 51, 24, 58] exigua . 2.3.8 .). See poly aay EPpy os a ee 31,7 aL, hypnophila z5 one ea Bpectabilis’... 0.55.2 u's 25, 72 LWIGIGA,:.\> ocr tee ae ee ‘a Ascopouvs ciliatus .......... 29, 56} milliaria ..... ines geile ¥ conglomeratus ......... 22, 9% TivulOS@'.... . 2.300 nene crenulatus .............. 30, 62) mpella:: 3... PUNLUTACOUS. criss bie teh 9;5 29, 56:| TULODILTA) . .>- teehee MRO DD eet 28 a's side Gin hae 27, 107) TUsSsUla ...3.. saa RMPECAT GS ic footy LT NEE oie 30, 62 sanguineoatra ...... fe AscocnyTs Cassandre ...... 38, 94 uliginosa » hobs Biles } LOCC his siete ow ples eh 38, 94 vernalis ..... 0s) aeaan aa Ascomyces deformans....... 35, 143) viridescens. .... 20% bt ASCOPHORA mucedo.......... 25, 94) BuAsresis tridens .....2>.. | Ascospora Podophylli..,... 23, 65 | Bouprrius nobilis...........- > 5 u et 4 idee
-
- Boxervs affinis
gs ara 25, 81, 32,
POUL 6.5 Sse RPS 23, 130, -32,
Pee DIIPOLUs..:.......06. 26, . oe SEAL MEE HM tae 28; SU Rae ai ae ty ee 29,
es a Die a 24,
UL ON a 22° MMGVIPES,....2.4.055..... 38, SMIPAMEGUIS Gh... is Sods ss 25, BULOMAPES:...... 5.22... 6: 28,
K chrysenteron..:....:.... 26, rs Clintonianus .... 23, 128, 30, OMUIMANTIRE <3) i.e... sss 23,
i: Gyamescens ............. 23, elle A aie 235131 24,
: JID ic) Ca Ba 20 22, 2) 22, 81, 23, yo) ya)
‘ Se re 33,
‘ Meelis. os... 24, 78, 38, BYramulatus’..o........... 22,
PIO UE DNS ccsae cice iels sve e 29,
MPEASRP ECM Sea's ccc li pA modestus......... 25, 81, 32, MMAMOMUS. oko. lee. 29, Uri: nh 0) 2): a 29, WLIO pace fe S, 26,
; LU 23, m MALASILICUS.....5..0: 0... 29, Lo A or 29)
VARS 2 S.. 23, 128, 26, Pimerasus.: 2c... sek. 26,
© UG LS Id 32, MeEWONOMI 2.2... . oa... 29;
. 0510) 012) 23132, 129; oUF I a a 28,
Ly DLL Sg ee 32,
LU er 32, DOTS Uae a ae 29; [Se rr rr ole scaber.... 22, 81, 23, 130, 38, BOMeIUNIS Fe. 2... 56... 82, lh 25,
: PIOUCOMMOMIAs..<% ic... es. 23, spectabilis....... 23, 128, 32, subtomentosus.. 23, 131, 32, BIMIPOUS (22... ess. 38,
‘ strobilaceus ...... ees MeETMMGUIOSUS 2... ...... 23,
Vics 1) 38,
WSC OIG TO 30, 44, 38, Borrycara rivularis......... 22, BorrycuHivm lancelolatum .. 24,
‘ , 28, 85, 31, tn fonaria::. .. 27, 90, 31, 53,°33, iat matricariefolium, 27, 90, 29, sy 36, /~ * — simplex... 25, 108; 26, 89, 31, i, 32, 54, 36, a MeMMenbU IO rc oR et 32, _ Borryosrorium pulehrum... 31,
_ Borryris ceratioides ........ 35,
PLEO gs ial Oe
REPORT. PAGE.
—Svare Museum or NatouraL HIsvory.
PAS EY MT) ee eR hee em ete, ee]
REPORT. PAGE,
57 |(BOvIsmANp Ue eo ok ee 30, 57 Pim Wea x 3? ad asf aes cw 22, 67 | BRASENIA peltata............ 28, 133 | Bromus tectorum ..... 28, 47, 31, 44 35, 78 | Broouia flexuosa......)..... ep 81| Bryopsis plumosa .......... 22, 110 | Bryum elongatum .......... 32, 82| BuUELLIA alboatra..........:. 24, 52 geographica ............ 23, 67 VACTORS8 £566 ier c8 Soe 22, 74 IVY VIOCAI PA!) ie danuae 22, 129 Parasema os eee 22, 130 POURE a kee sae ae ee 22, 103 turgescens ........... 92 255 129} Buue@arta bicolor. :.......... 32, 81 deligatay.’s. ae seeosoe 32, 131 Inguinans': °) Sassi gees 22; 129 PUTPUTEAys TAs. Soe ee 29, 21 Pata e oer ave OS ee 93) 110 SarCOIGES »):.7. 4. ace 22, 81} CALAMAGROsTIS Canadensis, 22, 45 PIckerinsil 71. 3.4 eee 23, 128 | CALAMINTHA acinus.......... 36, 57| CALENDULA Officinalis....... 22, 44) CALICIOPSIS pinea ........... 33, 67 | CALICIUM brunneolum ...... oi 67 Curtisit:. sea ee Sa Roe 132 CUTE UGS Gu FG ..) soe ae 31, 44 SHU telex ow Zo eed ae eee 23, 45|CALLITHAMNION America- 90 PIN aR See oe ee eee 67 Bailes Spe eikes cee 22, 32 byssoideum:-2.. See aa 22, 44 GORY bOSUMs ere eee 22, 67 CrUcIaAtum 5 35515442. Soe 23, 52 Sseirospermum ». -. 2.24 22. SE! 9 WEE AMIDELENS 5/20 ou 23, 35 )CATLOCERAGOINGA..» 2. 4) ole 24, 44 palmate fo 5595 yee 24, 36 WiASCosaies. Axara eis ce 24, 110 | CaLopoGon pulchellus....... 35, 33 | CALOTHRIX confervicola..... Oe. 81 | CALYSTEGIA sepium ......... 36, 133 | CAMPANULA rotundifolia .... 23, 56 27, 112, 34, 57; CANTHARELLUS aurantiacus, 23, 90 31, 132 brewmipess. 5. anole ae BED 130 CLDATIUS HS i) fete see 23, 90 RINETEAS oe Oe ee 24, 110 eCrispus- ;. -22,/803) 23s 123;499% 72 dinhotomusy 0. coe 23, 101 GUESS ke ee ae Clee 31, 54 HOGCOSUG 3) Jane 23, 36 infundibuliformis....... 23, 65 lutesGens: 2); Stag oon 23, 40 POU OL A avch ia danas eee vay 53 PRUIMOSUS) 4,5 ss Seen ae 28, 40) tUDHLOrMAs eos Wee as a0 54| CAPILLARIA spheriee-typhi-
5 | IVES 4. baa peteestapsiebatetale rahe se 30, 139 | CapNopium Citri../.....:.... 38, 61 | CARDAMINE hirsuta.......... 34, SCA wie Le TR A ae 35:
a : = ? __
oe,
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1 ee SS
at Pees 5
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100
REPORT. PAGE.
CaREXx alata ........ OR ba Da: BUS Cas Noe acts cae oes BYE GADINALIS Oo 8 cee es 24, ute! OFU LS 5 Sega mC = taee e 34, HaAGCoOSperMa... 5. 5 es: 36, LE Gay GCI ee ESS aA eee 34, PPRREN EE A 8 i ea eo Cee 27, slancodes 2 2. 4. os 40a 34, GTevya: eee hs. LoS meat 23, SPMANATA, «i025 hs ihak oes ae 34, gynocrates .............. 22, OMe ste ee mies cea 36, IMGLMCSCENS 5 oa eSeile Bou oligosperma........ 2 aes
' ‘seirpoidea. ...... 22.104, 27, 20, Che a 34, TIRGCET Te a ed ee 22, STUUR CTE: LA ey ee aR 21, Sublivantil : 5.02.2 34, S172 0 eS I ea et en ae 36, SIA aise Soe sae eves WN. rentaculatar/ sxe Aas op, IVECO DE MA ee techie lohing es 34, TU LAST Sage i a rg a abe
Cassia nictitans:. 02. ..5...--. 3D;
CASTILLEIA coccinea......... 38,
CauLoPpHyLuro thalictroides, 38,
CmNANGIUM Aucuparie..... 25, palsameumes. 5 5085 hue 38, WORT MRUIN hye wwe SB 35) Cassan anaes. 0. ents Se
; ” . he Cephalanthi.......:..... 25, es Et aga ee 24, 97> 31, Gerormatum ys... a2. 28. PETIZOIPES )... os, ow. UN ols PARTVASULE 5.2. eu beech 22,
Opuwulinwm >..4. 2). eee 22, PUMA SDE oye eee amen er 24, BRUINS) on ee le Jee 22 UDO Lis ils CER eae 28, RGN PAG LIND hoe bps un Mace Nee 22: TANS UlATO sci Widest 24, 7) Ha 0 A AN ee Re BRE
CENTAURFA nigra.... ....... 28,
CERAMIUM arachnoideum ... 22, Maphanwyn: >. .'cs 6. oe 22; TASHA DUN 00 c% 0% bh0 02 22, PRL UAE TMU Re gts. c. Pleo eit veers 22
CERATIUM hydnoides........ 26, MOTIONS, )). 2.00... 00. oppo tas
Crrcospora Acalyphe ...... 34, relia! v2 Syl 0 0 Pad ea ea Tae BB Ampelopsidis............ 30, ODA TE RE piaicee aus i bE RN 32, DAAC OLA ive Tee nein nibs 34, Boehmeriz .......0... (winged. OURO. Sole heen mice A AOD Catlop yy. oly ce pisle 33, Cephalanthi ....... Views #OBE CHENOPOGIU! 8) hos.c.ainonte 30, CirCUuMSCISSA’)........3.- 34, CUI: Sek py He Patol avn 34, BPs 00)': ip pe ea ON re aren OL 38, IOV GALIG) si) o's oh 2 vlan 32, Dature ..... ks akeye kee 35,
135
‘ A 4} y * ' REPORT, PAGE. } Crercospora depazeoides .... 34, 47 — elongata ........ Mie Aes BS ee Hupatorit. as wa Oe eae eriseélla. jus ue ee bd pera ae) Hepidtt. o.) een Renee esti viral 240) ee leptospermay's..4..5 ue ee SOT meg yi longispora : h. )in Goce Sei. ety se Majanthemi ........3 re {CSRs OR rey Nympheacea 3). 26a 33, 29 " rosecola ........ fas 32.0 ADR ee San guinarice ys. .0. eee Soe wae Smilacis 30). <3. Cae Sa ee aats 4 squalidula .43. 5.53 eaeie a Symplocarpi 2): 1g SOW NBA Y ag Tie 2s. eee 35,) 140) aN Vaan ee iu See 35, bas Pity WViolse ks 2: yas Monee 34,.47,/38,') 100. ye venturioides ..... ea Ne go ae Zebrinag, \ ..4.'sc0s eae 3p Meee Gia CERGOSPORELLA reticulata /.. 34, 47 CERTRARIA aculeata ...) 3.9% DO GOs he Giliaris; 23205. 2 esse 5 QB SGN ReNa tNa cucullata 2. eee OOM inna Fahlunensis - tk 9a islandica sos. yas Sy te LaGumosal 3):\.) ae etree 60 Ja CH@®ROPHYLLUM procumbens, 25, 69 ~~ SO | (BB a Cuatromium funicolum...... QOL A ube i lanosumy 25:52) 5). ae 28, melioloides......... aes lie CHETOMORPHA linum.......: 22, tortiosa. |) ho ee 22, CumropHora endiviefolia... 22, pisiformis ... 9: -\. -eeeem 22, CHAM@LIRIUM luteum ...... vn Oy rt CHAMPIA parvula:....ol.u ee Q2. A ae CHANTRANSIA Violacea ...... 32, me CHARA contraria ...... ae o's UR) OREN coronata).... 00 <)eenmeee 230) DOM Loetidaniy.ciee ase 22, 55, 33, . 36.- LTA SUIS! eee 22, 5dy) 9857 San Hedwigii........:/cs «cue 2epn ae nee a 26.) 148..." hydropitys ... /°)%, sajna 38, 84°) CHEILANTHES veStita.. 34, 57, 36, 4077 JHEIROSPORA botryospora... 25, 88 — 33, 138) CuEnopopium album........ 32, 53° > DAUPALS (4 30) 2 23, 134 — polyspermum .\) anon 265)) "258 CHLOROSTYLIUM cataracta-_ eum TUT, iis). nob ae S14 Cuonpnria Baileyana....... . 22, dasyphylla.........-.005 22, tenWISslMa ).. oN eee 22, CHONDRIODERMA difforme.... 31, Micheli :... .... 0h mweennan 205% spumarioides,.. 6 jejeemee BP testace wm). (i ieee His CHONDRUS Crispus ...... ai Wy eens O@poRD A Tim sky ae eA lomentaria ... 6.60 + ai ae
Cuorparia divaricata....... flagelliformis ....,.....
Why My vr We ND 4 y 7 or ers o 4 " yi) sito : ; ; raat" r Ne i Svare Musnum or Natura I1svory, if de “ Br: a GS iit fan CuyLocnapra Bai alae Yea et GIMICIFUGA rac ceoicheaey sy a iat 7: Cravarta pinophila thie ee te Ny. Reenrk Boreri i... won, 44 51 Meer Leo gets ot aD 35, 136 ) ewspiticia.....0.0.0002, 33, 18] pullehra.................. 28 B3 4 cornucopioides.......... 99 60 pusilla? i638 nae ee ae aa fi cristatella............... 9, 67| pysidata to... ae ote } deformis ea Rr ae or a rufeseens.. Rie tax yh hg 22 / iv y degenerans ............. 99° ie ti ke¢ coe to PY aan yee Mmbriata. 22.2... s.5s. 99. He spathulata .......4.. 1,50 pe deh t co slant eal innaae al 67 apinulosa’... 2s.) dale: ai, 100 aD: <5 EE RS Ra eae ap, 82 Sunctaiey so sc ao eee 24, 82 z hineilenta oe ek, an 66 tetragona ee ac es 22, 87 Bineritanciale.s. ee Soe tHIChOpUs y.j.h steele oO tae iN) papillaria....... "97°92, 33° 67 typliuloides ac... 24, 82 hy pyxidata ws... Teg ort 36 | CLAYTONTA Virginica ........ ri - ; rangiferina Lo, SET 99° 66 CoLmosPoRIUM ochraceum. Ny a 100 , I (5 Sh at ae 67 | CoLLeMA cladodes ny oe ot st Ses cee a 5 67 GyIbasIOs Ys avant 26,5 49 oan CLADOPHORA ‘ce cana ay st flaccidum eae SNe! a4, 59 ‘ eae oa 15 limostm (00.25. ets ag Oy glaucescens......... ... 99° He nigrescens ........-----. rai au oy glomerata........... aN aac y ye pulposumre. eon Rue oa 69 Mf SOS Saal Bee ee pycnocarpum ........... OY 59 a S eathatetare Bes. ADEN tee Tyee mene Mak oy Ua wi a 69 % OSPORIUM compactum.. BD, 52 Pe RER YS Ui gh aL en “a, ey: ovat compactum.. 32, 40 Gonccn IK. ee ee oy So A pressum ........ 31) - JETOTRICHUM lineola 34 ng epiphyllum ............. On” 54 | Conpoma juniperinum, 26, 84 84) 48 ae / eraminum .............. 25, 94 lacteum:...- 3/06, SE o eo Me Wt betbarum....2.-2....... Shea! ComatricHa wqualis,........ 28° 69 hy Mens a 94 sa RES EMMA Ds 31, 42 , : Hodulosum:............. fa , 105 puilehella: se) ..k seeieane 3h, | 42 ae , | ey Sept hieaeaaae a 55 COMELYNA Virginica ........ al, 42 pete CLADOSTEPHUS spongiosus ae 105 Contocypr furfuracea ....... ae ie a ‘CLAsTERisportum caricinum, ast ets aes pallidan (Af sia: Riegel Fy ae ey pedunculatum .. are 93 | CONIOSELINUM Canadense ... au pS M0 eee yt ay 93 CoNnIOTHECIUM toruloideum. sD 54 is. CLaTHRoprycHium. rugulo- — ae APE ae jh eX. ol Conrornyrium valsoideum att Mee fh GLATHRUS cancellatus..... a 51 | ConotREMA urceolatum a “r | =e 94 38 | CONVOLVULUS arvensis ...... 22, 69 Ky amethystina ........... ay 104 ‘OPRINUS angulatus 26, 60, ay oo va Aiieatag.. 2... a 49 aquatilis ..... .. 26, 60, 31, 54 y: Mmeilecen ........... 4... O4 eA atramentarius .... 22, 79 ee ae 4 ene Bohan comatus ...... 17) 99? 79; § Nang Po} Weteytis..,...... fn By aie domesticus....... madi Na site Y gees Dy 4 é Bs 57 ephemerus 2 Pah aah tnureihta/ a Meas 22, 79 4 ae 24, 81 Peas eae ee 23, 105 Oe eorrugata............ a5, §3| Tagopus 0020100 26, | 60 ‘ Goppnoides 0.222... on 36 Macrosporus ..........+. 384)" 800) kaa erispula et tr fe F 39 HARA GO UR ne cael 31, 35 faetioiita,.......,...... aa lee ra TTP H RON ae RR Muay ee 23, 104 p eMORAl ok. ooo. sk pe 36 plicatilige. su oo. a0. 23, 104 4 2 eS ie ai 26, 72 plumbeus ........ a ee a 4 1¥? Fo oe a ea ae 24° ou pulchrifolius ............ 29, 42 aie x 1b geo Re ee ea 20° 81 radiatusy ./.o meas a a BY Meanie eh re. or 36 rotundosporus EOS Ra 24, 71 mn Humiigata. cl... aes 82 semilanatus............. Ey gti } Meformis-...2.......... a 3788 Seymour ate nya 24,0 71 vs gracillima. ae , crake ae 53 ailvatioun: ry ERM hie 28, 49 conf BedUAlIS ooo. s. Guo ae 53 tomentosus.............. me 71 Naa < ee ae 87 aRlobeak Mera 23, 104 Peete Ggnzel |... 2). eo 22, 87) CORALLINA officinalis. ....... oF ie Fost ht EE RARE Sane af 81|Corpycrps militaris ......... Poa . Remninta oo. Biss Dies pUrpUTes, uk ae at 63 WA tt naan ante oh - Corrata Conrad ee eiie dees katate BA es "yy Re iS 1) C baie beeen eee fi) j . REOPSIS discoidea.. 34, 41, 36, 38 : ‘ (
array 7 ? wh Sia, | WA Wes a A AS ERY PY 7 = aft : EWE haat bY, 102. FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE \ . . : REPORT. PAGE Cornus Canadenis........... P5107 COQRONIDLA Varia 8! 5c4.000) 24, 56 ; Corticium bicolor........... 264 0.42 ' SMICOUTEe SN sec yes b Bie AO Se SHrwlewman sy yo Fcc). Alea 30, 48 OChraceus {has eee 23, ey GINEECUNY..2-,<a< ose ZAI SA olivaceus. 30 oe eee 24, 72 Ee eolheniosum ...02%. 000.2%. 28...) 52,4 Cophiopus. .”.). eeu 30; 48. oe eremoricolor..........-.. Q7,°»- 99 Opimis 3s i... e eee ey eon AE ee Bas’ etrascatum.. 2.0 200050 35, 106 porphyropus \...)./4e eee 26) ee A x PigantenM). 2s... 42... 28, 52 pulcher... . eee AGS AGarae ms See NAGI... 02.222 oth 24, 80 De iy 2 wien 33, 20 h NACHE UNIS oh oss Skeet ae 30, 48 resularis vi hiae aaeeeee 30; 438 iM SOUEOMTITR : fo ha. 2S. ss 26°. 12 robustus...... se none 29, ADM kh .. lilacinofuscum.......... BT s 399 rubrocinereus........... a3) Qt 4) ne rc Tiquidamberis's: 2... ./ Ee tei San GuineuS..2% <p eee 23, \ La ai Ny Martianum....... See se Ry 30, 48 SETICIPes. . «.. 2. eee BRE ARG Ne art 2 TEHLECSTS iTS eC eee Ra 22, 87 sphaerosporus.....22..5 5 QGS ASG tone ee polyporoideum.......... 32, 36 sphagnophilus.........- 205) PAR Mea wi quercinum A ab Seen I te 30, 48 splendidus ba og SL ea PAS cay ERS Oy) oN LCL) Fp i ga 24, 81 squamulosus .... 23, 108, 28, 85 — By SUMMIT 5 tse stom. Ss tee 245.81 tophaceus...'.....0?.. eee LSBe slope aon fe. SAMO MeW sn sean: rae 30, 48 LOTVUS $n). Su. eee 265-1 BQ ee sf Scmtellatume 2. 00. ok. Dee tricolor... 2.4: 32 ae 23: “UR ee % BUSA CUNT: 2) ..5 0,2 tla: 30, 48 uliginosus. 2 4i4.. 0 atene By tn dOt ey saa a? subrepandum...../......, BAe. ST 36 vernalis:: .).\.. Sveeceeaaie 235°) O10" sted & ' SRIpHuremme. |. fos 6s ioe 5+ 29, 46 violaceus: :<..5 d.nweaeene 235) LOB ees CorTINARIUS alboviolaceus.. 23, 109) Corypauis flavula...... ok 4 DES SES ne f SMUT 2 seis wiles cfnciiern > 32, 30|CoryNEUM claveesporum.... 24, 87) 9.) * BPC ONtAGUS ..). 0.002.245 +s 23, 108 0, Ty Ware a arMeniacus..... 2.0... Sos ek diselforme..:. <a) eee 03 28 Be a ae ay AUMMMLAGS. ihcec. capac 23, 110 Kunzeiy. 055 sees 28; ADO ta at Oe ee an ae 94,72, 27, 114 pustulatum ..¢..2. 5a 32, . 2603 aa “ IPT CT MINS poe = eee cs cP te ecto e 38,’ 89 triseptatumy:. 2. ese we DY ec AOR oo autumnalis.............. 23, 109|Corynites Ravenelii........ 24, 83 an SEU RSE eg 32, 20) CoscrINoDoN pulvinatus...... 22, Coe jaxtl 1 00 Wye ee Ee eae 23, 111|Crarmeus coccinea:......... 36,5 i See mit PIRGOIS t ANSE Idd apy es 32, 30 parvifolia - 0... eee 24.0.2) BO a A OLLI FS pe eae ee ePaper 24.04.72} ORATERELAGIIS\. aon oot 325° 51 Se if ceerulescens............. Sy ee ai) cespitosus’....)ciAdeeees 25s. 782i hit f Baperawias 2. Lee. 23, 106 cantharellus (s. eee 82. Bb CASTAMOUUS).. cia ees 29, 43 clavatugi...o. eee 32; i » castaneoides ............ Oded: cornucopioides: -.-. 2.54 22, vi CESTADOUB St. seth tee oe 7.3 aiteal 3 Lh lutescens’.. 52...) 8 peeeiee 24, ee Catskillensis ............ 23, 109) CraTERIUM lencocephalam 26, cinnamomeus........... 98 10 obovatum..... ae eee 26, 4 CUATICOLOT; ascent eae 26, 61] CREPIS aurantiaca.../.0....- 30, Clintonianus.:. ./. 27d. 960ry ol: VINONIS! foe ke ee ae 24, ‘ COUMMAUIE: sa .)cits.b oe An 23, 107) Cripraria argillacea........ 33, PATIO LEAGUE sci kch tak cree 2S» sO dict ydioides RPE CA: 34, ‘ communis....... DE as wee Py era iieiiceta sh llele wae? Ae 22 a Copakensis.............. Bt, Se35 purpurea, .).0) 2 eae 22, corrugatus...... 24,72, 32, 1 55 VILL ALIS) 0: 3. ea ee 32, d EPIL. oe Petes Sted S0ee Ao CRONARTIUM asclepiadeum.. 33, ‘ GCLOCEOEONUS . 3.525055 24 33, 20] CryPTOsPORA Cary 33 38, CV BLAM INUS 2.5 o 370 .tn a 32, 30] CryprosporiumM Caricis...... 29,’ CEGOLOLAIIS 2s. nice ieee 38, 89 Noveboracense.........- 293% LEGG: iesoi os cat ote eases she 7B orl Wl Seirpisig. lace Qbin DVOUUIUG, : o7 otis feats ditile 24, 73|CucURBITARIA alnea ......02: 28, MUTMIMOMUG) «c's Peay he a2 eal Berberidis:... 2.0 sume 30, , fuscoviolaceus...2...6.3- 27, 96 longitudinalis......... «. O05 oye Vf aa ee UNE aeN 52./30.59b, 0 ao seriata,:.’. 2.0.54.) Pe P=) 6) (6 Co) 9) 101 A: 31, 36/|CuPHEA viscosissima...... Pe) NERF INUIT os oc o'sie ethe cw oinie 26, 62) CuscuTaA arvensis...-...¢ ses MEMCATISUG), » 5st sey's +, hse’ paste 26, 61 compacts. .). 2.2 ga deme Rites, ¢1) cde 6k HAC 26, 61|CyarHus campanulatus..... / 5 4 : ra,
Tee enh A tee ye oe aa .
Sie . Joi+ REPORT. PAGE. OCyaTuus ecrucibulum........ 22, 90 GR PPE GUE oe oth n. Beles atalmiere.t O80 ba Cyctomyces Greenii......... BG AO CYLINDROSPORIUM _-veratri-
"111 0 ERS go MOE SSE Oe 38, 100 CYNOPHALLUS caninus....... Oba inthe Cyperus Grayii........... $a/20"\s 103
\ CYPHELLA Candida.......... Min 99 MpePPIDNS Es ee eels cic layele yess DO POL ECSU. O12) Sa eee Soe ne, i 9485 griseopallida............ 30, 48 ROMER oe 5, ox a's 2,4). o's aise 5 ipeee tay ITS CTP OMB ce cise Ks so 28, 52 0 SD. ates
CYPRIPEDIUM arietinum..... 22. 103 CysTocLONIUM purpurascens 22, 72 Cysropus Amaranthi.,...... D8t 56 GCAMaIaUS .)i..-... 22, 93, 24, 103 COE he a 95. 91,38, 111
1 Gian G2 Ps eater
ou) WiC ia BOR) bi Cytospora carphosperma... 23, 55 OMG) 5). one 24, 88 hyalosperma ............ 24, 88 FSIEOSPerMa......1..5... Barna) mMelasperma ............ 94, 88
IN IC Ct 0 DES AGT TI A a SBon 220 DAT D) pel eee 24, . 88 TMOBESCONS oie! P ac ee eee 22.5490 Dacrymyces conglobatos.... 32, 37 MEROMOMOIS... ..:.2:.... 27, 101 TART 0 SO eee 30, 49 GUUS Pe Bf 88 PMBTARILC Ist 1 bic lefts ody 0 Mie = ee 291-88 Dacrynium dendroides...... 35, 140 OS SLT a vB sublutescens ............ 30s Or D@DALEA Ginerea............ DOE 84: COON NE? 24 3)S ee 22, 84 DANTHONIA Compressa....... 22,. 54 24, 101
DARHUCAMINUM. 5.:..5.2..\/y. DE ie BPABMATNOOAINS, 50.050... 0. 6 pea & ‘DELESSERIA LEPRIEUREI..... DO ren T 26, 89
Sia O(shs ie oe OOo lis DENTARIA Maxima.......... 9 102 DEPAZEA brunnea........... 29,\ 101 COTS SUF Se ae ee a 22, 101
‘he 2060) ke OS aad, juglandina......... ee 32, 39 FemmleOlan (i/o. 52 koece S 23..-) 64, PI as sev abes bso iea 23, 64 SMMACICOIAs ck ate Dein nGd: DERMATEA Carnea........... Sh ay Gapped. foe. 305) 5: 62, RimMmMaAMOMCA 20. 650.54. PAS ay PM GY PASGICUIATIS.. 0. Ola. 6 6 Lr. 22, 96 BUEN ACCA. cs os. 5 ss Le 24, 96 GLC) iS Era eet EO a 30s eno? MAMAN CAs. 's, 2 A wah ay eed wid wes 32, 48 naralophila. 5... 24....%-. 31, 47 REBUG MOK VIDS 2 22 ssh hee oa SL Ag
SvraTre Musrum or NatruraAt History.
103
REPORT. PAGE,
DESMARESTIA aculeata ..:... 23, WIWICIS se lsis aa Moya aune ants oD?
| DesmMopium leevigatum..... 26, Diacuma elegans............ 23, SPLEN. Gans alP en. 3). ie ojos 30, SUDSCSSEIS: a1) Waa hee Vide 31, DIANTHUS armeria.. 23, 133, 24, DIATRYPE aAGuUSsta y). liane S: 29, ANOMVE A ard ey teehee 28,
ASHP OVA RG wrasse se ee, es 28, asterostomiay!)) ss Manes al, atropunctata............ 25, betwlinan rcs toes es 25, ublaitarss jasc ae & SAL eee 26, @Cephalanthity.o.. sere 29, Cercidicolarss Qi. ee be- 2. GOrmicu lata syisiee sce 27, GISCITONMUIS' SA sae 20x Giscoidea way ee 28, Gisereha sys. hoa ase 25, DUIS Pesos 5 Soa ae 23, ferrugineas ics esa ase 30, haustellataiacdaces. ae ae 23, MOTOLMESe kc. 26, 85, 29, NISTOSPGral. nt 5s saneiee ee 335 PlatasGary pose aera 27, DlatyStOMAen s niyo 26, PLOMIMNENS S42 542 5 Me 28, punetulata: 5). 25 3 .. 934, CONLWIEZY leech Heer eter eect 33, SELON EN Ls aN ae a 22. Sbrinm ella sa) een ek ae 33, smilacicolarne.2. oases 29, TOCCIECAM AY Nando 26, VELTUCOIGES 4c shiaee eeu 32, VITCSCENS sss iis Sisco oes 235 DIATRYPELLA angulata...... 34, TOSUITY 0 Ae ree eal eee te 38, DriaAporTHE cylindrospora... 38, SDICULOS Ayn smin hee Merten 38, VII DSL IN antec aia art 38, Dicumna faginea.......5.... 208 DicRANUM palustre.......... 24, pellucidum eis fae 23, TUleSCeNS)—.M.2) 22, 104, 24, Schre peri iuy ose eee 22,
SD UPL yee creo) + eS ee DicrypIuM magnum........ 24, MICrOCAr PUMA, cos ke mere 22,
mm Dilteatwmy sy. eee 28, DicryosiPHON foeniculaceum 22, DiIpERMA citrinum........... 22. CLUSTACE UMN) qasel: ieee 22, PARIVACE UIs 20k e ae ae were Pp FLAVA CURLIN AINE eee cde cere 28, S1OWOS UNI Sy Nae ele 22, Mariee- Wilsoni.......... eoy
UM piliGabum ae se hace 27, Dipymium angulatum....... 31, Cinlereumy wee oO. Sehr 235 COTM TI Se Rise oe cs 26, (Sd. 00UNS UAC EN Rie wiveee eNO eke 31, fariINaceumy HA se 26, hatha ko Kpuas aT WUC i Ay el 28, MUN PES eto. cider cer ees 22,
51 70
Pave Dice TONE ge ER entre AN
: ‘ 7 wis } \
? 104 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
> \ ’
; REPORT. PAGE,
% Dipymivm furfuraceum..... 26, 74| Drosera longifolia. .........
: Microcarpum hoo. s hes 31,,’ 58 (DuVALLA TUpestris®)).hej9eeg CQMAULITV LIN Pee yee 28, 54] Kourum vulgare -....). 3430) squamulosum .......... 24, 84| Ecnrpra procumbens........ - SUOCOSCININS 2 Jey sere eee 28, 54) Ecrocarpus Durkeei........ Fairies
oil RAMLNOPUS) 0d oaicects ele 22, 89 littoralis \.s .224 eee 22, jf Ad
Dipymopon luridus ......... 26, 89 VITIGIS... nit. cei pia eee ‘Qe
if DipyMosPH=®RiA Typhe ..... 38, 104) Eiacnista-fucicola. , (ogo: 23,
B DINEMASPORIUM acerinum... 26, 77| ELAPHOMyYcES granulatus ... 26,
, BEAONNUM hes. ee ee 25, 88] ELATINE Clintoniana.. 22, 52, 31,
BSE A REM AMUN os Np ae ocd 25, 88| ELnocHaris quadrangulata.. 34,
. ertalak cs scape eat oue 28, 58 Robbinsit....2 25, 70, 30,
OOS ee oe coke 25, 88 tricostata / Sonn ene 31
a TON TA LATOR o.. heerl ee ois 33,17) FLLISEELLAY Caudatay ujinee
2 DIPLOCLADIUM minus ....... 34, 48| ENDOCARPON arboreum,...:.
i" Dretopia herbarum........: 28,. 56 Miniatum.\. .\.2327seeeee
7 Ibi oro Key 01 Fe a rae eo a oe 25, 86| ENERTHENEMA papillata.....
: VARSVTET BS ica d i iL gel eA 23, 54| EnromMorpHA clathrata......
s MOMOLATISY yon. oo atip el 25, 86 compressa: ..)) (paaeea
if 10 EAS Fae SPOR ROP ie i 3805 54.98 intestinalisy (30,4... eieen :
i CLT. TE aa Re a 30, 52| Entynoma Sanicule ........ “38,
k SOTO ses ia, a5 onstenbed in als 25, 86| EpHmBEe pubescens ...).). 070)
: WMC OLS S Wiiaes ave ae be 22, 90} ErrcHior hypoxylon........
1 12 LES a I 26, 76 typhina 1h eee
; DipLopaprus umbellatus.... 27, 112] Eprcoccum micropus.....-..
BAG Discetza albomaculans .... 35, 137 neplectuny /. vn eouaee ;
fein! Sa er ct fe behets eater nad 30, 53| Eprnopium angustifolium... 34,
Br. @Manadonsis.. 0 {hs 30, 52 molle, -. 2.00.2 eae 36,
ih BALD OMACO A Hee sie. 25, 88] Wrrpactis helleborine.......
A “ole Serato Pere an amar 28, 58| Equisetum palustre....... itt
5 hysteriella ..... ARO Ba 35, 137 Scirpoides'.<... aio akneee
PRUPATIS fahoh UeS Sh, .... 29, - 49) Epacrostis capillaris ...21%
i} macrosperma ........... 29, 49 Purshir.Abarena 35, 181
> "4 ELSE er, Sia A Oe 24, 86| ERiopHoRUM gracile .......:
LETC Y FEY TWA On ee aie Ih eR 29, - 49| ErysipHEe Ceanothi........-
} Discosta artocreaS .......... 24, 86 COMMIUMIS) ie ioe
a PANO ba. ie, det 29, 48 HKuphorbiz..)) i) eee
ae MaAcuMIEECOlA.\. 5. %e ee Dee LOT fuscata (2 W286 eee
“ay ME RTT LOS i 0S Taptuiiass oe 29, 48 lamprocarpa. }..\. Ase
ie Dirri0va radicata..........). se LOL Diriodendri:.).\. owes
Pi DorHipEaA anemones ........ 24, 100 Martial 3.54 ae
b “G5 i CUE 0 RNa AS EO eg 22, 100 Vaeclain ie. aa eae ae
ey, 1 1 a ARR se ae 30, 64] ERYSIPHELLA aggregata.....
iy GIBWIBPOTS |: ooo 0. vee dior 29, 63] KUPATORIUM pubescens ..... erystallophora.......... 24, 99 PULPUTeUM 5.0.5) one eee 23
; Dalibardz....... 27, 109, 30, 76| KupHoRBIA Cyparissias......
; PONSA Sou vee sicehs', desstcry 31, 49] Kurorium herbariorum .....
Sd epispheeria......-.....-. 30, 64] Hustinpum Rehmianum ....
| ‘iy lO) 5 C2 Py ea a Man Aa RPP Ni Be 29, 58) Buryea Acharit ).) 92a
a iakz)] a¥e) DF Vane A Np a REL 24, 100 Lata NG A eae Pas AS PRENTNDED (oi fia) plea oe Lieiaye 254.102 subtecta’. |.) 02 ge ae
he ; PVUNCLOU ERY ie. |. 301s sblnreinne dose 28, 71| Evernia furfuracea.......2)
f melanoplaca .:.).........°34,. 52 prunastri., ..'):..\0, eens 2
Fosital:2) = eae ae RD nS a Sa 22,100), ExcrpuLa Hquiseti .... 0.08 Hk is Oamnrnn des). ose. st beh 30, 64 lanuginosa..)...:.0.4 a yet
| Pteridis..... pit Na OO Dom melt leucotrichai: i. see PAS a
fs PUI ADA os ibdeete chine ek 32, 50] Extra Auricula-Jude...... 22,
i‘ i131} Of, 952 Ni A EAN eo eo nr 24, 99 Ginnabarina,..).)).\.\cunneue 22 11104) H006(0) Fs Pega Renner sak ee ae SOs9 i G4 glandulosa . ».\:.)<iyeee
;. j ; Robertiana SR ened habe 23, 65 TOPANGa,.\. ecu
{ RAMI « c o'ain's miste verse 24, 99 truncata .....5 0.0 \mhaine
tetraspora.............. 27,108 | Wxoascus) Pruni: }.\ 2 ee ASTAUOVADs, SieiP dns o,n (hs seda OR Lee 25, 102) Exopasrprum Andromedee .. 26,
DRABA arabisans............ 36, 36 Azal eee) wii i. t4 eee DRAPARNALDIA glomerata... 22, 76 Oassandre \.,....~ coe
105
REPORT. PAGE.
ih oak ACA ALAR § SAS Tile ay | : ' j is ’ Pi i F
Ning le Stare Museum or NAtTuRAL Hisrory.
3 Pat 4 REPORT. PAGE,
VByxosporium ‘Tiliz ......2... 30, 75|Graosporium fraxineum.... 35, Facopryrvo tartaricum...... 22, 54 FLO abICES. beet ta ub are 33, Favouos Europeus ......... 23, 52 Diaportedey) ia) 8 a tas 33, HPewra Yadiata.....52.: 24, 56, 38, 107 TRY] ONS en aie fe ee eA 38,
(120) O71 CCE a a Dae aT SAMLOTMAD MAN Se et ee rem 33, MPS TUOATUDTS 22 2s. ace ee 38. 488 Salieis PR ee ee eas 38, TISSIDENS exiguus........... 22, 105 ARTE OLD VAY ie ae tn Sts 33:
grandifrons ...... 26, 89, 33, 36] GLa@orTRICHIA pisum......... 32k FISTULINA hepatica.......... 92, 84! GLOMERULARIA Corni, 32, 43, 38, FRAGARIA Indica ............ 33, 17} Gu onium hyalosporum...... 31,
Of SEHR a 94, 101 Ste lata st hao ae De FrRanGuLA Caroliniana...... 24, 56) GuiycERIA fluitans..... 34, 56, 38, FRULLANIA Oakesiana....... Dah O2 ODES a WE A Na ae ahh Fucus ceranioides .......... 22, 69|Gompuipius rhodoxanthus.. 29,
MOOORUS Mt fee sade os DBE 69 33,
scorpioides... .......... 22, 69 SHAW EWE D EME ea ri ya Bai AVESCICULOSUS, 22.4... .4 2. Doe OD VISCLGUS a ss ues ee kere 24, ETS GwVALTIANS. (20.3. .0.. de 31, 57) GRACILARIA multipartita .... 22, FUSARIUM erubescens ....... 94, 93 \GRANDINIA coriaria..../..... 26,
PEBEOMOEUNTAN oe. awe wi DE ats) GEUSTOSA HN rae Uy aels tater 34,
ASIN 00a 2 SB aaa eee Der 19 MEM branacea,. 2 .)-/..../:)'.): Bye FusicLapium dendriticum .. 32, 40 14) RG LSU i VR TNE 30,
Saree VIRESCENS) i nitacerceyoinaeke 30, HUSIDIUM Ganum............ 31, 45)GRAPHIOLUM Pheoenicis...... 29,
HEEVONINOMS ok. f-.'s). ss 27, 105| Grapuis eulectra............ 31, FUSISPORIUM Buxi........... Dison mel SCTUpP tases yaa tetas 22)
MANTA fine eae ss 0's 23, 61|GRAPHIUM gracile........... 34,
Paras wICuM yo... ee. 29, 53] GRIFFITHSIA corallina....... 22.
Pry MoszenuUmM. ...5...-5.- 29, 53|GrimaLpIA barbifrons....... 22,
CO OCC a 30; 58) GaimmiA Olney: . ..2...8-2k 24,
Ide SCCOLUV Cr 26, 79) GRINNELLIA Americana..... 22.
SOKO aI SAN ee aa 33, 30|Gupprnta helvelloides....... 29;
tenuissimum............ 34, 48 leva yss ARC ge mp rer asaeb nr: 31, GALACTIA mollis ...... 94,56, 26, 88 Spathnalamia lec.) Vile 24, GALIOM Mmollugo............ 23, 134] GyMNASCELLA aurantiaca.... 35,
VASE T I Ae Pe nee 34, 54|GyYMNOSPORANGIUM Clavipes. 25, GEASTER Bryantii............ 115 eat 26,
LO coke SN ee ra 32, | 38 ATLL PONI. viet ote Ace Rio eal male 25,
hygrometricus .......... 22, 89|GyMNosPoRIUM arundinis,... 25,
MAPPIVOSUS 22.025. ee as 2s 34, 43 Varia bile ess) koe wae aos
TANITA cys ANS hose ss ae ok 24, 83] GYROMITRA curtipes......... 32,
SH CYE 00 SSN Se ie Paw NR} esaulem tae hee see eee 32h : yf) USO a re 38, 94! Gyauecra cupularis ......... 24, GELATINOSPORIUM abietinum, 25, 84 HN Gb erst R a Wenn AY eNews D2
PROINAINPIN). Ce Boe eS BD. Wi 4 AV = NL HTeAMbanst aan en! AGL G Martin A 26,
OL CRUMN Aula die Cane ane a a 38, 97) HABENARTA Ciliaris./...7..... 31, -GELIDIUM corneum......... Pees oa maNC AE Teugep hired gsi ete lyme 28, GENTIANA pubertla.......... 31,.. 24 POtUNCUPoltay se. alse 38, 2 CUS Gi 22, 103| HapRotRicHum lineare...... 38, Grocnossum difforme....... 22,. 94| Hmmavromycss orbicularis... 31, lutinosum....... 25, 97, 28, 87) HapLoGrRaPHiuMapiculatum, 28, PETMAN. (ce ee Nok wks 22, 94 34,
WPROUIATO ea 32, 45) Henianruus angustifolius .. 26,
1 eat 24, 94. Henicoma Mulleri..........- 26,
MMeEOSMOrull.. ...... 2.5% 25, 97| HeLIcomycres mirabilis...... 34,
S10 OES et eae tae 29, 53) Hevicosportum ellipticum... 27,
SGA: oo. en. 28, 87 OLUVACE ULNA ee ee eee 27,
MES ioc se cite ts 5-5 sas 25, 97) HeLiorropium Kuropeum... 33,
DOMME SY its allsieze sel g ey te 28, 65) HeELMINTHOSPORIUM Absinthii 30, GERANIUM maculatum....... Sbyi 195 arbusculoides........... 34, Geum album ........... SW Shane ts) epispheericum........... 29, GutAuctum luteum........... 32, 24 Hydropiperis../......... a0 GLaocarsa rupestris........ 28, 47 inconspicuum..... 34, 28, 34, GLa@opornus nigropurpuras- interseminatum......... 31, CUMS FSP ae gegen ae 22, 84 macrocarpuM........... 22,
" 4 Oy aa ey : A / 106 ForvyY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE REPORT. PAGE. HELMINTHOSPORIUM O6SpO- Hypnoum cinnabarinum ..... 32, ji T Hdd hte peas a hs Re ae 29 cirrhatum! oo. See 22), ODO VEER SS oS rely eke? confhuenss.4.\. 7 26, davis hol: | get Ae ee a es 6 35 coralloides aie wee 22. EC HUNINE i shi ioe cnt aete Se ‘ erinaceus..¢ 30 eee 22, septemseptatum......... ferrugineum.. ee eee - 24, | BES Pe ge pea ER A, es Ba ferruginosum 4. aeteee 26, ' PRR eee se ene Ns 5 FUSCOATLUM. donee ee 32, Gas see ae rio ees gelatinosum..\5:2p enue 22. EERCE/VINSINE DS Da os cn Oh alot thoy eraveolens:! ...i. hse 22, CiAT 3012 Sees Ra eS ee et himantia ... 3525. 22, elastica........ .. 24, 94, imbricatum: 4s. 235 esculenta:; 24.50. 99.94, % leeticolor:../c.052 eee pang BTM ons Pe oie A gray thn lan chs MUCICUDM. 5 oe ee 22° THOU ECT ke Wi Rn oN aga Phe ochraceum).'< scsi eee DDN WANNISECIS ©. Le. Pee ee se pithyophilum ....... oh ene spheerosporas.).2 6)... repandumy: 2.) eee 22, SUM Lah sete sie cee yeas): Wie strigosum. : 5) /Ah ees 25, HeELorium aciculare....\.... ‘ suaveolens (. /.... yeaa 92% affimissimum ee Sos. é sulphurellum 3... peseae 31, albopumetum.:....... 4... ¢ sulphureum., ..;,. deme 26, DEVOLEMUIIMN, Pet Ais... e ee: é Weilnmanni * 2 enee 30, CANCUN SUNN oye sh oshetey ‘ ZODAtCUM: .\ ova eee Tee eprobiyllim. 5 j-. 227% ae HYDRANGEA arborescens..... 38, fastidiosum......... paths f Hypropicryon utriculatum. 23, PC AGETIMIIN cio. e dak! Cees : HypDROGASTRUM granulatum, 28, est) C1 eR UN We eS PES OF HyGropuHorus aurantiacolu- hydrogenum........ Bs Tews... 2) Sone 27, MAPAVOTVEUIT YS Sees cytoicrtoatotane chs borealis) <0 /:20% Gasser 26, MOPESCENS 255s cee 14's By cantharellus; ss eee o3, MACTOSPOTUIM.;. f. ook... CCraGeUus:: iWikkeer 22, 79s 2s. BoUesSCeNs te. 2... Sule. chlorophanus........... 25, PRIMES ER 5 ieiat oF cette eat? Sere By chrysodon:)..:.\)- 33a 23, Pilea vse QS Gd ee cinnabarinus (ieee 22, TALUS pte wre isiars iotuala aioves congelatus’;...\ 2 iene 23; SVC’ UIT 08 pei eae poe varie CONICUS. Se fea 22,79; 23; saprophyllum........... COSSUSi./ 00:5 (20 re 26, NU ATI S's 26, 82, EDUTREUS . ea eee 26, vibrisseoides...........- flavodiscus. -.7) 2 .5a.n 35, PIMC OUIMN |) OC ge. neh ten 3 fuligineus. : 2). )uaeneeee 35, Hemerocatuis fulva........ Lets yoni ee 24, HEMIARCYRIA Clavata........ : limacinius: ) 325) Shaan 34, HeNpDERSONIA abnormalis... 3: lividoalbus:)) J)sstaeeaen 32, Molton os iter ence es marginatus... Wpianeaes 28, “Ghi(s (orale ea a ee occ nitidus..\)) ec ee 23! PARE PO a eco atin parvulus: ©:.).\.)2)2) eens 28, - PGOUSAN se ciiotes tos Aateeihien pratensis} .s’4-, ccs sae 23, JPA Gen 0 Ua ete, aaa ROR pumiceus’..: >. cae 24, ORES ee Stole sieiny ee purpurascens .... .Js5i8e 38, 2001] 0,0) BEM ero ers ese eo OUITUS: <)./0 3h Sie rele aaa 26, Sarmentorum . 230). ie eckianus..). ip eee 28, HEPATICA acutiloba.......... psittacinus.”. oo ieee 24, Hererosporium Ornithogali, : SpeciOsus) 7A eee 29 HEXAGONA carbonaria....... virgatulus;:).... Jv semana 26, Hipiscus moscheutos........ Hymenocumre agglutinans. 30, PTET 30 Syte ade 24, 56, Spreta ov...) Asean 30, Hieractum aurantiacum.... ¢ Hymenvuna hysterioides,.... 33, 0200s) .< OllVaCea).. <i.) Ue eee 31, VOIMOSTIIND 1 ei dew tetra che = 3}: VAP aris:: 4.2) eee 34, HomMatia gracilis...... 22, 57, Hypericum adpressum...... 32, Hormorrichum Younganum Canadense ......4/ 2 ee 22, HypnumM adustum........... ellipticum.).).... geen AIMPFACCIMIS !.\52 055%). che ‘ miutilium,, 2. 2.) aurantiacum.........)..' pyramidatum.,. 5.00 aurisealpium:. ...).. 02... HyYPNuUM acutum ...000. 0.2. Tals
HypnumM compactum........ 28, 47 MeGuprossIforme .......... 27,. > 91 exannulatum............ Dig. OL MyerOcarpum.........:.. 25, 108
WL CUS hia a a poser 105 Oe ee MEMOS | LSC Sy a Det TAL BEOMOTOIGCS? cic els OO ngs Hypocrka alutacea.......... 26, 84 SP Leurate i Sete Gee PAS) weal iff chromosperma.......... 29, 56 Orne ual?) . he Bee OF HOO 26, 84 OS Sl a 24, 97 OG ae a 25. 100 SGOWMUOrUM.:.......... OES Si
JS 0 5 i DBD
Th NN) Le ae ee DOG iy ichardsonii..... DR OT Ode 103
; ih Ao ots29, 157 i") “STINGS Qi 0 Sian rrr arr SETS es) _ Hypoprrma Desmazierii.... 30, 65 nervisequum..... 31, 49, 38, 111 Hypomyces aurantius....... 27, 108 TUPEOVITONS...... 25. ...... B22 AQ
0/8 SOS 30, 63 POeOPUNUS 0s. 52... - 26, - 84 transformans......... 29, 57 Van Bruntianus......... 26, 84 Hypoxyion anthracodes.... 24, 98 argillaceum...........:. 24, 98 atropurpureum.......... 25, 101 Besemonai. 2. k. ic... 94, ) 98 LT pol Sean PUPOUS Ao. ol oa 22, 98
. BeI@erens. sis)... 22, 98 COnecentricumM 2.00.3... +. BAe Of Coppopnium =)... 5. ....: 23,,, 63 fuscopurpureum........ Be TL oe ri 22,98 Penmorime. e230... .. 22, 98 Howeanum.............. 24, 98 Mane MebuM............. 34, 52 IMIORSET oko 24, 98, 28, 87 multiforme... ... 22, 98, 24, 103 PREMMODUONUATV ED: 005.6 oc 22, 98 Peherabum....:..... 4°... 24, 98 TUDIPINOSUM.......... 2: 22, 98 PEE nec. OAS MITA Oo 22." 98 suborbiculare ........... B0sn 6S oi) Sy ee) 510)
Wiss (clo (01 20S ae Doe Oi, MermeostMm soo... 2501, RAMENOCKEAS.....5....... 31, . 49
_ HYSTERIUM angustatum..... 26, 83 MUR NLO or. os cb cieve ele c= 30; 638 TS ae ne Btw (OF clavisporum...... 28, 69, 30, 76 POMMMUIMO Nd 8 25, 100 Oi a0) fn a ere 6 ee ee 22) OF exaridum......... 26, 83, 29, 63 NEDOBVEUEW: ts). xcs cevere vied ave 23,)) 163 0 ae 33, 32
Sir
i
STATE MUSEUM OF
REPORT. PAGE.
NATURAL HisTory. REPORT.
Hystrrium hiaseens........ 22, RUN IINS FE eM sah oe 25, IMSIGONS 3 ec eile 25 [Ih aV2¥. 12 es te i its RW og 22, WAC ATO: by Msc aetna 26, MaeCrOSporum “29. t).\ si. 26, Magnosporium.......... 28, ATVAUT UNTO os ce ake 130; PATNA OTE gate weg Sy 22, UEC AMCs af yer hs id operate 24, thododendri. iyo! ia. 27, ROUSSGUIT sors Bivins. xb 28, AULD Iss se eos eat 23, SOUP ae ths Shay sya pees 25, SIMMUANS, Samick ncaa! 30, SEMI ACTS Est ae Way tee 24, Bp Beer ieee RL Nas eee Woes (ELUM DUES) 1D R07 Ble yap ANE ae) 30, LOLI nt piso ieee 25, triumeatwl wm) 2 4 o aes 30, LUNG AKO LDH GOS Aepying emewinie ns Mook Dre 1iN'4) OOD AYE? Bho teat Me ce We 26, Vir Sulton wn. dee ans 24, VAURGVAST OT LG. sr eu ieee sei 28, HULU UULINT \ eee en 23, Ry lOMOdes\.= 4.545 seer 27, ILLOSPORIUM GCarneum ...... 23, TOSS WIM pcgchei eS Ak ae cUleie 25, ENEPA TENG) da lival. iets Neghenes ole jereue ho be Adina meets As! 23, FeOM@A PUrpPUTeS/ —.cuseepe 38, mits ochroleucaie. i... 4. ok 22, pseudacorus.)) 25.45.20 36, IrRPEX cinhamomeus........ 22, CLAS SU Sia 3 con si/nrcs erate ahaa 35, CELGrIMISA Sook ee ot see fuscoviolaceus .......... 30, TACTOUS Heda hisacs cae 27; Laake) | FLSA eran a meee iat (at Bley OUTAUITS) "5.5 Re oe 30, SIMUMOSIUS is Se ee hae 30, Plate nts kc eee 22, VALI O LI oe een Hee Pan 34, PSARTATLULVAPES Hu sie esas aoe 32, PEM UIpesies. sods fo-c Meee Sil, Is@rems echinospora ......... 22, Pmgelmanmni:.) 2c:,.setne 36, JuNouSs alpinus....... 22, 54, 24, Arnica busiaen a ocmes 22). Canadensis: 22.25 44 ee 3p.p Maritimus.....- 12 22,54, 33, SEVIS No SRO ae 27, GY eee eee 26, 88, 38, JUNGERMANNIA albescens.... 27, GIVE CAG: os) nis caine ae 22, SERMONS. sols se eis ake 20. ViOTEEMIC OSA Wije es stele 27, JUNIPERUS Virginiana ...... 3b, -KNEIFFIA candidissima...... 24. SPLISELAN. 2 Moe memanten eit 24, KiRIGIAS Vibe INIA. was acess 22, IGA BREDA) POU) oy. Vareias oe pts 23, PTA CATT Ss l/s celts ey ee teed es 38, SUTTONS aloe ie 23, AU DIQUSE vetoes tires sees tiene 38,
107 ye
PAGE,
39.) harks
2 t * ie is %, ef % ee Oot ee oa “ ™~; a mh, 108 Forvy-FiIrsTt ANNUAL REPORT ON THE L , REPORT. PAGE ACTARIUS alpi i . He ete santo EE Ree pa 8 ree tt rubina..... Meeks 24 aquifluus eines se 28, 50, 32, 56 Sere ee itr ecamphoratus............ 93, 117 varia ©). 2... ee chelidonium ............ 4 74, ventosa peeve “ae {Wa eopehas we gel hae ee 24 eee ees 23, 8 | LecHrEa recemulosa......... 33, pee ee ee 38; 119 tenuifolia.. 2.5. -eeaeen 33, ° EDEpaiie Seat eh ee 2S Le ILECIDEA arcticai.. lu. eaneoeee ‘27, deceptivus CRE 38, 125 apie det a or pase ale ee 5 PeENSIG. 225. see 27, a ee Ape ntiisen eee a 116 enteroleuca : >) uiafeneem 22;"; fuliginosiis 2000000002 aah Tap Russo a aL . é 8 ssellik. ss: Angee eee ‘ “= re bred dciee Abed Renae aa iG * sanguinaria ......... shal 22, WEG 5 Bins 5 ley sw apes 26, 5 | Lecy "PHBA eylindr : glyciosmus...... WW AIO Oty Ae. yrosa viaiberens 3° STISCUS = ..% 5. snk eee ” 93° 190 a t aerate > + ge os HOIWAISET, CPs a seeks 38, 124 Bowes Pee vi 89 | h - 5s o. : ? SE, BVH .. secre neon ee nersessas ‘ ay en BAe eee 38, 129 Leseunta hamatifolia....... 25. 4,72" “a meee taf fae oes 90 ae fluviatilis ......... 9959) FAR Peer SS Go iglens He . HMNA Torreyix. =. vate 93) 35,0) “a a tana oe Hie LENTINUS cochleatus........ OS NEAT on ee oe Y ce O eS Mnineliae ses ae oe Hs matopus .... S.-i, Geen 25) Vks8O hee EA ORS pty Teer Lae 22, 80, 24, 103 — piperatus:......... 22, 80, 23, 118 ae icaimnu sc ae _ Ea at pal .. 8B. 118 poeta tale wee Tn Shere is\fellee lela « oe aA} ° oy va ee sable) CE ees Bs Rote ee Ce TS oF 118 umbilicatus ..........-.. 28, , 2 Or aa a ce 31 Vulpinus: ......2aaeaeeee 25, Aaa Bis Ria eras Bree, RES 23, 119} LenzrreEs betulina .... 22, 80, 33, : Arp yh aaa ree * gb) 64 bicolor . >... 2 eee 22, A. Ea patie gic sic as as). Grateet aan at saeobicnt ; : ~ hse oc > : co Co eyh se we we ewe we eww eee eee we ae TUS Sg eae ath a 7 se AE eek . 22, 80, 30, 71, 35, SAAR ie pc release ae 4 VLEULTS cs sos OR 26, hae 24, 1 ine odie Ag « oan 23, 119, aR, 56 LEOcARPUS Vernicosus ...... 23, SL eee aa A BR oe ae ot ELrorra lubrica .7)7 2) ee eee 23,
j Oe cles : é CILCIMMAMNS ws aoe on subtomentost 29 23, sIDIUM campestre, 23, 133. ; ee ee asus 2 oy By ao oe ee ‘oat campestre, 23, 133, 36, SL eae nee e ae cette tee eeee teense 35, 150) eae ar ae BPISTA Cinerascens ........ 26, G8 ith) Se a on . > 109 Lerrogium chloromelum ... 22, 69) Teese i eel ae ena volemus ........., 22, 80, 23, 116 ie Mini. ae pee
aeeeces Canadensis........ 34. 54 frauielieidce \ 2 aa oF AMIN } fe S nt or = a } hw.” efofa ole Pere a oe ee Diss a} ta rao ial sree trees we te Leprospuanria Corallorhize, oN Le aR a 20 ieee rcdes tA my GHAI ¢ LC RR aipe a re ee lyco podiicola .........2% Eygecalee IRMA arey rrioides .. a 34. 43 Dimers. See ee Pea atoieey Shans, 5: cae oy if ieee eee ss Violaceum .........-.... 31, 42 Vulgare: ..). \...0: ane roneiey tee PE ee a au pecan “Austini...... ee Li: Americana........,.% 27, 113 | LEespE , = sapoyips tuberiformis..... 22 71 “Bede reHen ae 36, _ooyente r 22, TL) Stuvei.........-es eee e es NS Soa ala cl ran 4» 26, 49) Lica ce spitosa «heehee pe 2012 Nie a A nts 22, 64 Gylindrica, \. . 0.0 eee aR ead A tee Bh 27 ‘ 92 ochracea,.... .\.csjaneeheae ee Poe as aaa ate ee 22, 64| Lintum philadelphicum..... et rN 22, 64| Linaria vulgaris..,....5...5 22, Me oN ee 26, 49 Linum striatum ...... 24, 56,° 33,0. 3 ue he 22, 64 Listera australis............ Ly pe Teeons SDs Oh eet 22, 64. convallarioides ........ BECDS:, cha sco meanet 22, 64] LOBELIA cardinalis...... 2p Haar
aa EY RCA Lara OM Ay Ue us tat, BN Va DOR ga | ¥ ‘y. 1; ee ae an Wee) y Nias . f i eV? i m1 of 4 Sit a ye ‘ ee a
n 2 4 ; f J ee al
i ML . L i STaTve Museum or Natura History. 109 % : ) a REPORT. PAGE Ly EA yeti , Bris: REPORT. PAGE, ji eepuilitica.. eh as eM Et 6, 38 | Marasmius calopus ......... 31, 36 ; gle ala a o 103 cam Aa Shae ae S 23, 126 i OERA Ceerulea........... 5 52 candidus... 2 ) oblongifolia... .. 96° 73 SOUITODS. 0's 2a. read Pig te 3 i sempervirens seit ae 32 102 Alines SRAM apthieh Ol cies ) MtATEANICA:.......0.....0- 30, 37 Blgheluel oe: ae ate xylosteum ...... Rhee haG, 0, 95 Roeniius ket an eee an od i," Lopuiostoma angustilabrum 34, 53 1GH IPOs cae cae 8,66 ; Peeiepdaturn 39° Bp NSTPOS ore sei eis le)a ela guere i 26, 66 r ct alee re 50 minutissImus ......,.... PU fants) ks MMH 2 be)7G| orendes. 2). 38, 80, 98° 124 magnatum ....... 26,86, 29, 64 yapillatus......... pra chery | ber vyhr ahi , 86, ar fe I up a US... . 0 eee eee e ee 24, 76 i eee “ae es san a 3 hades OR IS 24, 76 Se ran ice : 9 t c : L oe hake fol cea tacebene eset atete 30, 44 ot Serophularia........ sia 38° 78 rela knee Baka viet shee tier : Selenite a nee i rotula............. 22, 80, 23, °125 mn 0S ena pe ee y SHUTS TIUSS LS Ae a el ate 35, 135 > a Fale Serr ORS a ie a : Paueited ae oa ae ( ) L DESL vce cet eaters i 79 ‘ Za 2 29, 64 spongiosus : y LOpPHIOTREMA Spirewie........ 38 11 SEPA iined ol Maia ar aoa 3 - Lopxuium mytilinum......... 96.) 86 striati onc epi, Sina ket betas i LopxoperMium petiolicolum 38, 111 bv onncus onliuaecene ae qe a Lununaria vulgaris 22 105 bonatus.-J2.. 0 ne ante hag ee Vulearis.....-... > fe = ponatus.../ 2. 4: ee a 95a ego) thy LycoGaa epidendrum pe 39 39 ica Spb aag ieee ‘ eee ilo ao rei ee Be Oe dee a eRe eee 26,65 Mas ee esses --- a *: are Quercus stake 38, 99 ‘a atropurpureaii <0... 388) Paid ay ee 26 87 i Protea Coe. e BS 21 BE IPasporain. sy!) ijum ves ee! - oa aie an 23, 53 SUAS POLar.:\. ./-i0,2).)9/ Malone Shie ¢50 2 hy Bee 2.7: 22° 88 ar ; oa ianine pear ee Ms vomitaria. s/o) eee es a SS & eae te Le as cicadina........ Sad va eee a fe a AZZAN TTA SE DUUIM: (aon eters 38, 106 moat, i eae re a i area pilobiass.. 40 303") 54 ash € Rey. 22 artigii : es oom as cy 225 ee Eerie 2 ae bene 33, 28 ; lea aaa Pike a 23, 53, 38, 111} MeLanconis bicornis........ 28, 72 if slabellum .!......... Bae aie) 30 elliptic 25, 1 ; y co ee 24 83 aipenioma Ramannry ik pedicellatum ... Beg Sed 26. 73 Mr ne DOSLOM A: «. Fare aoe ele 26, 86 i poe au, he Paopbath tuM Americanum, 31, 43 SOs... 30), 50 dar “A ee RD es NERS Uh ANC a ae separanms................ 26, 73 dis a oC ae paren y pee en aes disseminatum........... 28, 59 Wrichtii 2 101 aa ce intermedium PP aR eo 305% 153 Msi ataabinatoliam. 27 90| joblongam........ 28 Bo _Lycopus Europeus......... 33, 35 vallidu Be oa ae te boris NipeanIGUS.............5. 34, 55 Mer. UN aie de iguus... Re Lycopium palmatum........ 28, Sk t ae rea See ae LyNGBYA Pic. ok 23, 52 Miah cee alas Re een: Lyrae alatum..... 95, 69, 34 54| Meziona ba Serra eae Bw ae rp aaa : 5169; 3h es lacs balsamicola........ 5 ls) ; eee er ob Be MernocramMMa Bulliardi...... PS PII Al Pre oa he. y Sices’.... 2! 93 eyrosum pe Aiertariimn Baan st O5. 93 top, Desay egg eae 33, 33 ve Pea me quercuum mae Sart deed oe 23, 63 Fe ee 23, 6 superficialis ............. 29, 57 it ee 34, 50] Menispora ciliata........... 30, 5% oe paris ALE ES a 33; a MENTHA arvensis............ OD fi Be 4 : [ole A a 2 2 aquatica..... 4, 54 ‘Som & : ; Se ttt steer e see eens 24 57 sy Sn gtemenad PT a Se ts 55 Canadensis... 1.40 /4.40 9. 34, 55 ae oo edges ea aa - 139 PIDSELEaL. eae. Cee 34, 55 (ae ES a ee ta 36, iD Fotunditolar es lel set 305). 48 bt: Hecht ow Ls ph Mae 22 2 ish a8 » Marasmius androsaceus 23. oe nag Con Pe es ate os oe f. , ; sees BD, ae BAe eee eee ee eee wee eee iS t i POTIALUS Sate eo. 24, 76 Lagy THA 105 seis Se 25, 82 hp 32 PHMNOIGeS 62/74 Gee 27, 99 3 65 subaurantiacus.......... 38, 93 i aR ¥ z
A ee i ¢ ‘> 24 A oe a Poe pel rr ss » ? P $ , oe Sree Ree ie: 110 FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL Rupor? on” Part. oi ae REPORT. PAGE. 5, 3 Merc ivs tremellosus ...... 22, 34 | 4) NasMATeLtA corebgaforat MesocLora vermicularis... 22. 701 nucleata.:....5..2.2. ae MeErTASPHERIA Myrice....... 38, 105} Naras major ....20.2 2 \ MIcCHENERA artocreas ....... 28, 52 Narposmia palmata, 28, 83, als : wd Microrera drupacearum.... 25, 88) NecrriA Apocyni....... OMe MicrosPH#RIA abbreviata... 28, 64) balsamea.......S-.eea eee ot GERSISSIOIA.¢ uc he Ste 26, 80) Celastri.: 12 2 eee ve Mrmr SA ees Ih: see, Seles BO Oa cinnabarini....... fs Sec Meip ed 1D TV ON 2 has patents OE Di ae y oe te 26, 80] ‘coccinea. ).7.4 Sees Benen hare we 2 ons cae Deets rare 3h) cucurbitula:. 2-2-3 peeee WIRIGS Dee ek Pa eae Dan 6a dematiosai. Yao see Ppa mIed.. oo ee bee 25,.° 95) epispheeria ...'. 22. sAeeer holosericea..... .......: 25, 95)". . inauratal«. 302-2 Sea Monispermi. .. 52. ...5.7: 28, 64) mycetophila.. ..",: 221093 Nemopanthis............ 38, 102! Peziza....<. 2 3see eee penicHlata.). 3222 ees 22, 100 pulicaris....:s oe 0epem ; Telia arte Rep a Ra 28, 64 | ELbIS. - 2... 3. -2 eee i “LLG i ORS BR ae a 25, 95 sanguinea... .. age me a HSS ONE et ee en ee 26, 80) Neaunpboaceroides.......... Symphoricarpi.........- 28, 64) NEMALION multifidum ...... PAICGHTNIG sce 8) nnohe YS Sek 23, 65| NEMASPORA aurea.:.....1..7) Wan Bruatian a... a: os 28, 64 ClOCCa.. : 14.24 se Microsrroma leucosporum, 38, 30} Russellit. . -.) 22Saeerea MicrorHyrium microscopi- | NEMATOGONUM aurantiacum, 28, { "CIT VE lags ACSW en ae setae YEE 22, 90) NEPHROMA arcticum: .2....5% ; ’ SMILACIS Stak cee one 24, - 85 helveticum:~... 3s] -eeuseee MILuertia herbatica......... 31, 40 levigatum 5.5. “208i Miiivm effusum.... 28, 84, 38, 109 tomentosum............ MITCHELLA repens... 34, 145, 36, 38! NipuLaria pulvinata........ Mrrrvura cucullata..-....:.. 27, 106) NrIvTELLA acuminata......... J LB ate. ee Tee DE NAOT fiexilis....:::...c50eeeeee i Maludosar?: = 2: 852550.8 Desa OR intermedia -- 2 eeeeee Moninta ceerulea............ 38, 83 mucronata <> hee : Moninta candida ........%: 27, 106 Opaca, ::-..2. ) ieee ag 4 1442 TRAVIEMNESSID 0 5S o,f eo 34, 49| NopuLagia acericola..- . 25, (a 9 Mownorospora biseptata..... 28, 62 balsamicola..!....... : 1 Foig £3(3) 9) (f2 ce ee aes Ae 24, 94) NosToc Commune >> st peeee Montvetia tamariscina...... $1, 52) NuPHAR-adyena.) ie: see MorcHELxia angusticeps.... 32, 44) Nycrauis asterophora...... Ye at: ae ee a ls 30, 58| NympHzma odorata....... wear GBMIGLOB aN, 220% 552 2 aise 30, 58! Opontia fimbriata .......3% esculenta........ 22, 94, 28, 86) Orp10m albipes. “ol oeceeee semilibera........ 30, 58, 32, 58 corticaler:.°. 723 eee Morruiera Mespili.......... Bibles lai! destruens. 42: 5.5 eee MA VITLENIIY c's 4. 2.10 hee 34,45 fasciculatum, )--22eseee RUDEOR CADINUS 450% 2, SN 31s 46 fructigenum. . - inzequalis......... DGN79; “34, 403 fulyum -. 2. 2e6 se eee 26 TTOTLTTO)= 10 ee eee eee « BL32) 46 irreguiare . i532 see MUCRONELLA aggregata..... 31 38 leucoconium .........-: ny "io bts ea a ea eR ee es Ba BHI BG: eealoael Pees i) MUHLENBERGII Mexicana,... 34, 56 moniloides) /ic: . Seen MuscarI racemosum........ Biegne ol simile. =... 4,5 25 Mycoprorum pycnocarpum .. 23, 51 | OL1GoNeMA brevifolia. ....... Myrianerum Curtisii........ 24, 59|OMPHALARIA pulvinata..... ' Myrica cerifera. -.......:..- 25, 107) ONocLEA sensibilis... 22, 104, Tg ORAL ee oe aicate. cain tthe 36, 839| ONOPORDON acanthium...... : Myriopx#yLLum ambiguum, 26, 88|ONYGENA equina........... tenellum .;....... 26, 88, 34, 54|) OPEGRAPHA Varia..........., 6 Myroruecium fungicola..... 26, 79| OrrHorricuum Canadense.. 25, 1 Soy OT leiocarpum ..).. eee oH) ; MYX OGASTERS........52-. Seo a) ea}, obtusifolium ..... Pan Myxosporium nitidum...... P46 BB Peckil;.|. 0... eee NABauwus Boottii ...... D3 D0; tars. eke psilocarpum...... TACOMOBSUS, «6 00/34 Pe 24, 100 SOrGidUmMy, ssa ee er 1 oe NZMATELIA atrata........... 24, 83] Oryzopsis Canadensis >...... 28
i a DS lr ah POD, Wek eeas Ry at ek etter hs
Soaara M USEUM or NaTuRAL HIsTory. 111
j S REPORT. PAGE, REPORT. PAGE, - OsmuNDA cinnamomea...... 26, 89} PertcHmNa irregularis...... 30, 50 OvuLaria moniloides........ 38, 100| Pertconta Azalee ........... 25, 93 Oxalis corniculata.......... 93...) 49 ADIGE PS est iri auto a Pepaee 32, 40 PALUDELLA squarrosa....... 22, 56 OBEUGHIIS, Palss chs whens BY y_{: a 59". , Panicum agrostoides........ 28, 84 WAVAS TU Cy oe Sse fal de ame 38, 5/28 SeMeruih.. 7. ......... 0. 26, 48 spheerophila: 2: 0.0.6 00. .: 34, 50 PANNARIA erossophylla ce ee Bog) (at * WRUNOAEE Baa bee 29),° id PAMMOINOSA.-.:...5.--.-. 22, 63) PERIDERMIUM balsameum... 27, 104 ee D4 eof Cerebrunn cae A ae ee 25, 91 microphylla PON NS fe cic Li 22." 63 coliminares22 2: se sees 28, 61 DS ees Doe ert decolorans....... 97, 104, 33, 38
MP GOUSIL geo ics ss 26, 49, 28, 85 elatinum’........ Dis 104, 33,) 038 TMOISINOSA.,....2 20.4.5 0-5 26, 49] PERONOSPORA alta..... 30, 56, 33, 38 terptopiiylla 2: ..2........ 95, 72 AREY UT Stoic eo aie 38, 100 -Panus dealbatus............ So. heal Corydalis... sue ee 32, 41 GoOrsalisi/. cos 8s : DIS i i sOses ¢ 7A GEMS aia ne ee ee ae ie DOE ae LXER a Saye meee TGATIARG Ac.) a ee 32> 41 operculatus....... ZTE OES ae Al SanooOrmise ep ase 32; 41 SMMC UMMES OF cll.\a.25'. "os oes ete 240 7 Geraint 7h) iki eee 28, 63 Staptious. .1...... 22, 81, 33, .36 HMalstedil <3 3.5 5 nel BBy L100 strigosus....... A te eee 26, 66 IMEC STAM Stes seks eens 30, 56 HORWIOSUS:. -........- 30; 44 obaducens. : ess, AHA MIA 3357 P28 IPARASITIC FUNGI ...... 29, 71, 210 Serie OPUS (eae ee pacar 28, 68 PaRIETARIA Pennsylvanic a. O38 elo PATASTELCA Ree. Coen 26) 9/79 IPARMBLIA Borreri........>. -. QD\-e 62 IRotenbiullee: 2s. eaee ee 38, 100 MME R As Len. oc. dee os 22, 62 PysmMee al enn SMe ee Mery ie sy PIMMOGOS hs ek. 24, 58 Suma lesen 2) ee ue Seana Bit lus ets GOMSDOUSAis:......5... ea ay! Wall COMBS sewed eke is D2 SEB Cu ee 22, 62) Perrusaria globularis...... 22, 68 UVR KCCG Sa Se Ope (62 GE GUIS as Are se ee ee 22) Gs
joel. 2) SA peta op PUstinlatars yay ee Ee OAs WEPRUEE Slaven fo o\a yoo nu2 (chs cis! Ao 2D 62 We laters j. a0. bre ced pees 22; 68
TM YEOGES 62d. ony. es. ZENE 8. Whuiltenit 2 a eee 225-68 OCR US MAA a 22, . 62) Prestatozz1a Guepini........ 33, 26
“Wig Gk 2 Das AB 2 INSIGeMSy Le) eee eae 28, 59 Pe UNACO sec. ce. oe. PROBE. eG, IY nates APR eee lee ae 27, 102 IPATELDARIA atrata.....2...... Dae Ob monochpte Fos Ae ween ole 1.58 CONPTEGAta. 2... .... 665 23;°, 62 monocheetoides ......... 38; ( (99 discolor 0 3 Se eee 29. “96 IPeckiin..4.. cece ce 98. 59) oie nos 0S 28, 68 PEeZIZoIdESs:, UF P eee 26, 77 MOMGSABAGAL. 630 4c/ cus oe 2S AGS TOStMabal. Se Tee Sh deena 28," 59 Cl OS 28, 67 Stevensonil’ 2) ee 34, 45 Hamamelidis.........>.. Baa 2 nly MA IAAM ACIS baliner tev altars 27, 107 0) 3 ich PAs oe sels. STRUM OSA ei ess See 24, -.i95 leptosperma......°. .... 30, 62 Agassizii ate Sta seshe oa aaa tane 22-95 0 30, ~ 62 BETOSEMA Ny... deacaeiaers 29). 55 PIMVIGEM Rs... ete 31, 48 albospadicea Pa reel ees ch! 29, 54 (SUL ar 320.48 albumilinay.. fein oe 96677 Sil PHAMDAMOAMINA eo... eo 92. + 96 AMO Ma awe e tees: 23. 62), 2oeme Oo
12 nts ee a Sei, TRB apieulatar: V's. jase ie se 32, 46 atrotomentosus ......... DD TD ASS TVUMIS es en ee 265/81 NAOT Sr OA Tes et Taibas vo tito) eae Sate) soil Les ees Sol te OD) abTOCINnered.22 2 ane. ee 28, 66 Strigosus...:... by eae 26-5. «mba FEU U ESN INL DVIS ee, Se opel 23.62, ) 245 103 PECmmOlntonit. 2.2%... ....). DOA QU AIEA As Seocly teas ok eee SAN PE ‘SEuGaoaie oh 29°. AT GURL OMA vicks ot ae ee S4ee. A PELLZA gracilis ...... 34, 57, 38, 109 Wadiajay, 4a Gee Ame Lee 25, 98 _PeEuTiegpRA aphthosa.. .... 22, 61 balsamicola.<. 5.02. «- 34, 51 Pat ReROAON ANY 3 Sete st aos oteials Se 22) 61 DICOLOY se Neheeaeee tener SOL S80 MnmaImOMEals) hee" 2. Dona Ibi bYOMCAal i .4e Was eee 29) octal polydactyla;.. 2.52.2... perl L brunneola7s {eves oe eS he NG Pimiee troy DICOLOR? Ah ee: oe 41) caly Cinayia sea ae oe OREO: GPUSEACEUM * 3. eo 22, 94 Cap baba 2. \/sk aie) 5 setae s 30, 60 AS i ae 34, 43 CALIOB AS diy ee! 24, 95
26s 76 chameeoleontina........ 30, 60
eo)
“REPORT. PAGE, Peziza chrysophthalmia
clandestina
ee es
ee ee rd ee ar
compressa
ry
corrugata erocitineta Cucurbite eyathoidea
ee ee oe | ACen tl ao ee ee
echinospora enterochroma erinaceus ..... FOO eee ,
ee
tee e bw ee care ec cers
floriformis fusarioides
ee ed
granulata riseorosea emispherica herbarum hesperidea humosoides
hydrophila imperialis
lenticularis leucoloma
ee ed
luteodisca macropus .... macrospora
*
LE
Py Seay | Fi ty
Piven fret (tf ear t Ez1ZzA Polygoni....... Pteridis iso .20
repanda® .2. 07623 ad, Resin... 5. 4) hema F rubra ck hae
Saneuirea:. .. cag eeaeee SCIEPING «x. 2. ud) nee i scutellata ..( 3. dep aeeeee 22, sepulta®....:: os tis OR aan on singularia, >... \.ceea k
sphrorella\...\. 2 kaa 32, stercoreaid . joctee +4 ye subatra: scene erste ue subcarlear oc eee suboehracea. . subtilissima): 2275. faa 29 subverialis, ».2.\"3hvans SUCCOSS:... 7 Sh a Su eer 3. suleata.g ff Dae sulphurea.:*. 8) deere +8. bes sulphurella. .....52- MONS hay br} tetraonalis: oc. nee ‘Thalictri:: 2. .¢22e— sae ;
Pliage SSO eR oe a ct ene translucida, -.>. Sige wee turbinata.. .. ..\>.2e arene Typhi). 3) pepe teem a ee UMbrorum) 20>. See Unicisa: ... Osos, ae c UIEBLCIN Eas. cee vesiculosai.\:.)- =.) eee Vinita... 25 0. Se ae rey VINOSa ent eae io, Moses
ViTGINea..: .. ai. to) ee
virginella..... 4 7.aeoee 29; Viridicoma ...4>s-aeea j
viticola...... <2 ahh vulcanalis ..:. 2. J>saeae | vulpina.)..3..5¢eeaeee . 30, Warnei oii. ieee aR
‘PHactpiom brunneolum... ae
maculincola melaleuca
melastoma mollisioides multipuncta mycogone myricacea
Ad hey we certo (PHALLUS;,......'.. 1. 0
ee
‘PHEGoprTeERtis polypodioides. .
pphaldss fer I Fens oF
"OF iichb hats tse EE :
coronatum ....... bi Ene CrustacewM). \7. ese
deemonum:.): . 3... UN PUGICUS,. 3)! cater 24, 83, Ravenelii «.. |. <span i Oe
pileata.......... sae Tadwata: sis. o. ee FOAM. oa hae ee ,
66} PHoMA albifructa....... Tenet
OO Oe ee ee ee
planodisca
ampelina :.. ...... seamen 2 brunneotincta........ tg ol cucurbitalis .......: esse ClOV ALE). cite easlenne Aerie elliptica ......... Pen
SvTaTve Museum or
REPORT. PAGE.
PHoMA herbarum ........... SB Prpererreula..>-.. 2.2... se aBt he 24, MPMPETOVISUUAL. 2) a c'sya'ne Ses coc 33, oh i eae 33,
DIC Gh a ore 28, Menispermi............. 24, MNGOMIOSA. 2s) .2..: 25, 84, 29, WUE ne ses wins 28, Phytolacce....... 33, 23, 38, [21 Wi), . ON See ee 38, BECRCOPONIA .....6.452..-.: 30, SURES ee es. 30, 2 27,
PHRAGMIDIUM bulbosum.... 31, | OO 29, NmperOnNavuM 22.5.5...... 28,
PHYLLOPHORA Brodiei....... 22,
PHYLLOsTicTaA Epigewe....- *, 38, GMessUlATIES.. soc... 34, IL cia t= 38, lantanoidis....... yee 38, MGMICCT HS ..hiccis face. se Sip i (REHE@E Ww) Oe ae 34, POOPY cs): ........:. 38, SEE ee as Siti OUND a i 34, TO i a
PHyYSARUM albicans.......... 30, atronm@orwm £0... 2.5.33 31, cespitosum....... 26, 75, 28, MMMCOOURCULES = 6s ets se Ss ss 31, NG: 0000 ee 30, i a2 saa Sen aa 33, TRCNITES SR rr ie 22, Dit als psittacinum......... april Porenertmipes,............ 26.
PHVSOMATAgUUA, 222... .5s 22, CH ay 2 a 22., Shc 8. eRe oe a 24, OMINMEDEII RS «coins ss sae 8.4 2 22, pulverulenta........... 22, SOMME 22. ss 22, Shui Gy cls) 22,,
Puysostrecia Virginiana..... 22,
PILACRH Tagmea:.....:.:.... 26,
PILEOLARIA brevipes. . 24, 90, 25,
29,
Pi.topowus crystallinus...... 27,
PrLopHora fibula............ 22,
PINGUICULA Vulgaris ........ 28,
Pinus Banksiana............ 30, FLL S10) Sah Qe a ea 22, 54, 30, nfs Re Se eee 32, MESURE UP Re ois csas.s cls. 2 « 30,
PISTILLARIA muscicola. .... 22, G0/0 L( 30,
PLAcopIuM aurantiacum.... 22, (GLEN I(T 0 VR ea Se aa 23, Ginnaparinum 320.50... : 99. 2 i a 25, LAU OOS 02 ae ae ee ene 22,
PLAGIOTHECIUM latebricola.. 23, Pemerum,...,..,.. Doe nS Qo:
15
NATURAL HISTORY.
REPORT. PLAGIOTHECIUM turfaceum .. 22, PLANTAGO lanceolata........ 35, APT I A i as A ob 32, IPEIGAT UA CALM! a ts 3 24, 76, 29, IE RULMES Ate rte a 38, PROAVaL SOC eR Ei; BT Man 88 ae 28, PopiIsomAhuscuml st 20s en. 25, TVA COP US: arses era parece 23, PoposPH=@RIA biuncinata.... 25, (erase yy see) as eee os 24, PopospPoriuM rigidum, 22, 94, 24, POGONEA MINIS: Val See ole Pennine sao P SS 26, POLEMONIUM ceruleum..... 23, POnyACriS Cartas steers cee 30, GINDERO aI. ae siete e ae 32) TASCICUIANISS Shek. wean 26, Pilvinatas si. Aas ee 29, Stireptothrim ss) eal eo 33; WUE US A, ecg tures ee 31,
Potycystis Ranunculacea- RE UUE YT er tera setae fetes pee eae 23, PoLtyGonuM amphibium..... 34, OEE iE arg begh in packs Se egy Bice 27, Hartwrightii..... 27, 905 das PoLYIDES rotundus.......... 22, POLYPODIUM vulgare........ 24, Potyrocon Monspeliensis... 34, PoLyPorvus abortivus........ 38, AbletMUS T4241. Ae eee 22, QOS HUIS ease 22, alpen yyy eer ea 30, applanatus i. eee. 22, ATMEMIACUS!. ees eae 26, ALCSMUTATUS yy Nee ee oe 26, gurantiaeus 05925) Sie 26, balsameus?.' sr see 30, Beaton yess: Sista ta Sle DEHZOINUS +. ie eee = 33, betmlimusi(. 2.52044. e 24, tLODIMMIS Hees Yai eres oe 22, borealisy «fess: see 32, Boucheanus...... 22,°82, 26, POEUN AUIS hE Soe oo Re aha 22, Callasuss = ae syn sian 30, Carolimensis: }.22.0728.5% 22, CAENGUS es ho aoe aon 22, ceeruleoporus .... 26, 68, 32, CECSINIG Ma soe rote 24, GOBMEUUS. 2002 52200 moa 22, CHLOMEUS Hh. ies nee aon chryseloman sy Sas c aaa 32, cinnabarinus: steer 22, CITCINATUS 2 MO ees 32, conehatws. 42. 945.. cece Pte CONCHITEr | 352 sean ease 26, COMMAGUIS 6 cetcte eee 30, COTLICOlA I ne eee eer 24, emrspellus:i st faee aus 38, CROCCUS IN. Wie ena = 34, cupulestormis 22) 5.2" 27, CUA CUWlaAnISh ope eee. 32, COBY WS He ence a tie oe as eae 30, GlESANSe asec n see 22, 82, 25, COM ATIESK IIe Ie Fees 24,
113
PAGE, 58
REPORT. PAGE.
114
PoLyportvs epileucus........ 38, PATINGNHUS cr ae ban aoe ee 30, ferruginosus .<.). 2.25% .,4: 26, fim briatellus ...). <s4.ck- 38, MaVICUS Sooo. 26, 68, 33, HOCCOSUSK .2 whence cee 33, FONTION CATING He. Leslee 22, MTA TANS. Oy eye betes « 30, frASIMOPMUUSs 0155 tercen se 35, PLONGOSUS.. oe lene cee 24, MELTFLOSIIS Sack oor oor 24, PIS AULOUE s. i<. &- .'<.)2¥ 22, PERIYAR Mics rk te hpaciiee ode 22, glomeratus ae NN 24, 78, 38, Gordoniensis .... ...... 26, griseoalbus.............. 38, PRTISOUG) cet sik os Heese aia 26, guttulatus............... 33, UES UIGUS ren Fae 26s eens 22, EUS UG UUIS se See eee se 22, hispid ides... 2.226. 5:2. 33, ELT RS Ss irs ee a 26, PMI ATG 81s 5S 22, 83, 33 immitis Fam sits aatel terete 35, AVC AIUD. ayacdiecs se obaerae ses 27, LEV CLUDEELGU Syn ee tte rere oe 31, labyrinthicus, |... <2... 22, MAGOFATUS: ..5.,.02-3.050- se 22, PAC ROU S ters, rea oe selina 22, [55] FLT WGL0 See eee Se eee 38, If everke Gytshe Semen. ee 22. 182) 34- NWAGHIS as cea See a. pe maculatus........ 26, 69, 33, THAT SUMAEUIS. 502) shale cle eres oe 24, medulla- =VELINIG) eyes! erees 22, FLO MATS CUS. 3) xe.sn. Madore 32; 1 Co Fig 229 a np ot Ae 32, rene [rt Bes os egrepenredi ote te Aen oi 30, PASTICANS, ‘3... ... 2c et 27, nigropurpurascens...... 30, obducens Pr eet se ee 30, occidentalis ........ PE APPR OOODUISH se. ances sano abe 38, OUNALUIB ysis acess cater 38, DSSCUS Aarti svace ovis jive hehe 30, ON TMLG Sega els diocncvier ae isteiee 22, PIE SONS . Shien ie tieis or 31, ALC MALI S44 2s 33, coc ote tacts 32; POCKISOIUIS 5 datecae oe een ABE pergamenus............. 33, i719 101 2 a ee a 22, DORE ite alba se te hap ane 25, Meola hl te a 27, PUENTE a tae ahe te tarcreren ces etays 31, DOUMIGS: oi) ss .dasenteelny ie rte 24, MAGRATUG). sot te a. 22, 83, 34, TEBINOSUB Fs 0SF 0). 22, 83, 25, POU PLGAUS) eis oes 26, 69, 32, rubiginosus -.........-.. 24, SOW CUTIE 4A. Sno > ies eet e 23: pc NaS ee cham eae Te, ee Oa Se 27, sanguinolentus.......... 26, scutellatus........ 22, 83,\ 31; semipileatus ..........,. 34, SOMILINCTUB:. d/o - aL,
FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
REPORT. PAGE,
91 | PoLyporus simillimus....... 32, 46 splendens........ 26, 68, 33, 70 SPUMCUSE wewe ac e 27, 97, 32, 91 squamosus...... 1 (oleate 27, 37 Stephensil. ). 7.0 .cseeegae 28, 22 subacidus .:'s.. ene 38, 82 SubLuScuS:.))... eee eee 22, 45 Ssubiculosus,<s2ce eee 31, 136 SubSericeuS. ....-./ceeeeeee 33, 78 sulphureus, 22, 82, 27,114, 38, 79 Sullivanti sche 22, 82 tomentosus, |: 4. 22.eaeeeee 22, 82 ulmarius. .:..2/5/429eeee 23, 111 MNnGOSUS' ..... 2h Renee 34, 70 Vaporarius ......5-25 eats 22, 91 Vaillantil ~..\.: Jgeneeeee 24, 68 Veluhinus'..\22'. oosequeeere 24, 37 VeErsicolor’.) cn. ee eee A 83 VOSICULOSUS. «0. ce eeeer 24, 83 violaceus .. .2.2.).ateeeie 26, 21 WiITgInéus..: ko. eeeeeee 22, 69 viticola:. 2.7.5 Sao 24, 36 volvatus ... 27, 98, 32, 57, 38, 135 MuUloamisn. seer 27, 98, 33, 98 Weinmanni \....-emeeee 31, 37 ZONATUS) .\..5..0 5 eae e eee 24, 82 | PoLysiPpHoNta fastigiata..... 22, 84 fibrillosa.....>-3e.seeeeeee 22, 82 TOFMOSA 25-4... see 22, 91 Harvey! :.)5 2. nee sai apes 57 nigrescens, ..... soneseaee 22, 82 Olneyi-. 5. iacss eee 22, 37 subcontorta/:.. >. aeeeeeee 23, 79 subtilissimanr.. 72. eeees 22, 84 | PotytHrRincium Trifolii...... 22, 35 | PoLytricHumM strictum ...... 25, 34.1 PopuLus dilatata:: ... .seeeee 38, 45 | PORPHRYDIUM cruentum..... 27, 98 | PORPHYRIA vulgaris ......... js 75 | Porrunacca grandiflora..... 33, 46 | PotamoGretTon amplifolius... 22, 84 33, 95, 34, 55, 35, 92 Claytonii.............:ceaeenee 34, 92 CrISpUS .... 2.) skeen 32, 44 gramineus 1 eat COPS 33, 35, 34, 81 lonchitis: 23% <2 sacs eee on, 36 IWGENS' Sey 2 4. ost ee 34, 33 NATANS 2. Jes dei 30,
37 Oakesianus, 22, 54, 31, 53,- 34, 36 WSUS *. ss; See eee 34, 82 ODUMNSL - 5 3. eee 33, 35, 38, 82 TULESCONS... «:... nuit eee 34, 98 | PoreNnTILLA fruticosa........ 22, 37 recta...... 26, 48, 31, 52, 36, 78 tridentata, .). . ct eee 28, 57 | Prrmuna Mistassinica, 24, 101, 28, 82 | PROTOMYCES conglomeratus, 32, 57 Brythronil .:.:..s#eger 25, 79 LUSCUS'.; .......c0ceeesee aera 52 MaACLOSPOTUS «2. 35, 98 Menyanthis : 2.0. pence 28, 70 polysporus’... . ./.\ehaamee 34, 54| Prunus pumila....... 34, 53, 36, 43'\"PSATTIODA: tis 2 sie pee ee ( 87 | PrenEa trifoliata -. 2)... eae 27,
34
STATE Museum or NATURAL HISTORY. 115
REPORT. PAGE, REPORT. PAGE.
PTERULA densissima ........ 34, 43) Pucctntia variabilis.......... 30; 75 Mivaricatar...6.. 0. eee. S236 VieTanr iis. etoss 2a toe 27, 108 OR a Le See ane 27, 105 Wa OVATUTMY a 1s. se ne ae 23, 56 PTYCHOGASTER albus ........ Bo 90 Waldsteiniz ............ 22, 91 PrycHOMITRIUM incurvum... 22, 105 PRAGA 3 gee eres he 23, - 56 PENCE oy oo. Sos o ic eiehe Sane we 25, 110} Punorarta latifolia.......... Doe Aa: ES ee Dine Oil} tenuissima........ ee ae 22s TD 2/0, 100 2 a 23, 57|PYCNANTHEMUM pilosum... 26, 48 55) 30, 75) PyYRENOPHORA pheeocomes .. 30, 67 PROMIONOS.,..\......00. 260004 23, 56| PYRENULA leucoplaca....... 24, 58 PAPUA LAGE 2-038... 6.0)5 sacs oe 25, 123 A AKCE Meera ee aera GE Sens ae 22, 69 arundinacea ............ 25, 122) PyRICULARIA grisea ......... 33, 28 O\S 1200/3) 23; 56 |\)PyROnA Secunda.’.........-< 36, 38 MUMMIES ody che ARR: 25, 60] Pyrus sambuceifolia......... 28, 46 MBG... oo5.. 0... 29,560, 38, 111 |PyxInw cocoes. ..:..:...<@s4: 22, 102 oh ee 25, 122|@uERcus Mublenbergii...... 36, 39 (ODS S22) ee 23° 56 DHOHOS. : Suc). sovemee eee 33) 136 (| 3 34, 45] Rapuxa pallens ............. 22, 59 ‘Clr 100 a 28, 61] RapuLuUM orbiculare ........ B05 TAT Compositarum.......... 23, 56) Ramatina calicaris.......... 22, 60 eVOIVU 6. 62. sks. 24, 90] RamuLaRia albomaculata... 32, 42 FONG TORII a er es) OG angustata sx iicatiseecelers 32, 42 Cryptoteenize .. 2°)... 2.55: 73 ROM | Week? yo UE? a |= ep ea aN 35, 142 CUT OEE ia ee oe Cd ATMOTACTEH) 25.5: 22 Bay 61) is 28, 60 WEUNNE a: ua. fee 30s ebb Uc 2) 2S ee a Oetastni) 9 50.5 4 ee 33,. 30 MUCOUIAUE cs se jsistee ss 24: 90 Miervillee..G.2. cscoee ee 38, 99 (Cro l yo Sc 0) eo a re BAe 79() Muleamanrce: 2.224. see oo. 30 FONTAN! +). 0 eee 29. 50 (e140 C17 ae RRO ae RE Be 42 GRETDTHO L1 Ge i ea 24, 90 Hraearig 2s 6i6 32, 43, 34, 30 Go Cs 22; 91 Hamamelidis .......... 35, 141 | 0h 23, 56 impatioentis: ..... ads 2a 34, 47 WO RACH cpio Mees. lke. Se MMe Ol arse sate ea eae SOAS ishyolge)o)1q:4)) Se 30, 54 Miitelice 4 ahead. hye 33, 30 MARVOHTUNAN LS. < 2 oele's = Goa DON araOii MMI PLOX. 07,28 ser ee 38, 99 MMI ere oe so ois dass Ls 22, 91 Nemopanthis ........... 29, 52 Li i@ aS 57 A es ae bails! Norvegicsr: 3. Ss aeee Oey 43 SEP IN EO chy feces sic saa BOL D6 Tt Oxalidis3\ 245-4: see 38, 99 Mariz-Wilsoni ......... 95, 115 Plantaginigy J25.0) yize.¢ 32, 43 ME 2c ok 519 4h Bie 29 NS va ee oe 38, 99 oo 31, 58 Ranunculi .:...... eae 35, 141 mesomajalis ..... 235.56; 28; . 85 Rud Deckdin e222 “eee 34, 47 MOMMIGIIE: Se ye a B48 90 TEoOmaeulans +.) +--eeee 34, 46 So ee Bhs. 112 Samioweina a: is keer 34, 47 Nolitangeris ............ 24, 90 SOUT Saa eee so See 34, 46 0 ae i 25, 121 EXC Ol onee cece Pc he 35, 141 Ol CULT Oe 158} Verlabuisi ce... nee 32, 42 Pee mena. .. 2... 23, 57| RANUNCULUS ficaria......... Bono alt Physostegie ............ 29, 50| RaveNELIA glanduliformis:. 23, 57 Poly eOnorumM ;........... 24, 90); Repoutia hemispherica.... 22, 105 PATIO TUIN.. 5. <0e.che ae 25, 116) RericuLarta umbrina,27,101, 31, 55 ON: |e 25, 90| RHABDosPoRaA subgrisea .... 38, 98 Neto Se oe 24, 90/ RHINANTHUS crista-galli .... 23, 50 UPR oct teu 2c Ban ao 27, 112 iia) ajl2y2) en 34, 45) RarnoTRIcHUM Subalutaceum 34, 51 SLE CSS er a ae 28, 60] Rurzina undulata .......... 93)) 162, SUA ee, lke cig aie a 22, 91/ RurizocLoniuM riparium.... 22, 75 SL EE oe 28, 61) RuizomorPHA subcorticalis.. 24, 97 3/1262) ee ee 29, 67, 31, 59) RuIzOPOGON rubescens...... 32, 37 Striatula ................ 33, 38] RHODODENDRON maximum .. 22, 103 21111 (0) Ee 24,90, 31, 59 27, 112, 28, 88 MEAOGEN ds Jade 34, 45|RaopoMELA Rochei.......... 22, 73 Mitarellse™.....3.2 0.0 23, 56, 29, 67) RHopYMENIA palmata ....... 22 Te tripustulata ............ 24>) 90' Rave copallimar.. 22542262 30, 68 Umbelliferarum ........ FS Oe 56 Ly pba es. < 31552, 38) 107
REPORT. PAGE.
116 Ruaus venenata . 0 es 30, RHYNCHOSPORA macrosta- CRY ano 22s sane 9570; Si, PIGEONS CS oak nese ee 26, RAYTISMA acerinum ........ Ay Andromedse.2iet oo. 25, Bae 625,24 .0.00 eee 22, decolorans'4.% 52.855 AS 22, Tlicis-Canadensis........ 25, Mimeare. ia... 2')...-%'- 25, 100, 30, PHARM 2 x 2 Pe rss Sik monogramma........... 27, HEREVTVIGE Se 3. aoe = Sah ee cls ast 22, punctatum .............- 22, SalGin Um: 225.2 ee 22, Salarinis: 220 £0! 0 et 22, Wirtiere a. ob 8s si ee 28, WiieEllibhr ad «sor taeee ee 22, Rises Grossularie .......... 33, FORUINGNOMUM so. ee 2 fe% 34, Ricora Sullivantii........... ou RINODINA ascociscana....... 255 BONAOANS: 22255 F52.0 oes oes 23, SOPHOdES f -.) 222.20 Se se: 23, RestTELIA aurantiaca........ 25, COPMW as a 22s Ye icclele seers 24, DST aah ats ays eee ce Be lacerata... 22, 93, 24,103, 33, penicillata ...:..-....--- 34, GSANU CID as 53 22 35 een = 34, s\n 03): Sr a 38, Rousuws hispidus.............-. 38, neglectus..:...... 22, 53, 36, RupDBECEIA laciniata......... 34, GEV ODER ke 6 5:2) « ioatsts sews Jos Rumex Britannica ...-...... 36, Engelmanni...... 26, 48, 29, IPATMIMNUS . 5.3..,05 25 ha cee 33, Patientiac . 2 sss. 2 teen: 2b: Russuwa alutacea........... 22, pilurcatea 422. 232s. eee 38, compacta: ....:....-..--- 32, GORSODTING. 2120 ee 26, Gecoloraus; 2 62h 22s 23, Cee thd Seahese aon wanton 3p. GINOGUICA) (so sie oe duro Ds AWAD feo Heid zs se steels 120) 2) 11: eee eee 23, 121, 32, ig SE Eee to fe 35; heterophylla ............ 35, Whariees ce. 4-68 24,74, 25, DISTIONNS 252.25 20. Pe 32, TIPU) 20) o's Se eerie a 23, OMVERCONS Fee asc cast 32, TODDVAS fotels osk ste tees 24, Sima sa. Petals a 24, HOPOIGA su ste stags eee 26, virescens......... 24, 74, 33, Sappatia stellaris .........-- 23, Sicrprrm Pini 2 Pec OF 31, SaaiTTaRiA pusilla .......... 36, WHEIADIUIB ES vaste hye ich & 36, SaLix myrtilloides.......... 3 Abs DULDULTCH 2), Wiese een es 30, SALVIA Selarea ...as5-.0.+00 33,
68
— fone) —=Her)
ve) lor)
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ForvTyY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
REPORT. PAGE. SAMBUCUS pubens........... 27, 11 Sargassum bacciferum...... 22, ~ 69 Montagnel ..7 5)... ssaeeee 925" 69 Vill@are... oye Sees 22, 69 | SAXIFRAGA aizoides.......... 36;.° "38 Scaprosa australis........... 36, — 35 | ScAPANIA undulata .........- OT, = =92 ScHIZOPHYLLUM commune... 22, 81 Scrrpus ‘debilis...:...ctseemeees 26;.= 89 Hriophorum. .....2seeeee 31, 53 Marl tiMUs eee 26, 89, 29, . 65 Olneyi..... ...°) eee 27, 90 pauciflorus...-..5/se-aes 30,- 70 polyphyllus. ....2.saseees 38, 108 Smithil, foes... 24s eee BG,% 240% subterminalis..... 26, 89, i307 > .70 SsylVabiGUSs.;.. 20. ees ee 38, 108 "EOP yls: 2 2ee<s 20a 25, 107 Scieria verticillata.......... 28, 84 ScLerotiumM Orobanches ../. 22, 101 populinum ..... 77a saee 22, 101 Varium 3... 3s 22, 101 ScLERODERMA Bovista......-. 24, 84 vulgare. ji: 3. 22.e ae 22, . 84 ScoOLOPENDRIUM Vulgare..... 33, 35 SEDUM AaGLe...: ../\ 22a eee 36, 36 retlexum: $2.7 oeee 28, 46, 36, 37 telephioides...... 22, 102, 32, 53 SEPEDONIUM brunneum...... 32, 44 CerViNUM).. ... 2 sas 32, 44 chrysospermum......... 24, 94 SEeprocyLInDRIuM Ranunculi 34, 46 SeprogL@um Apocyni....... 34, 45 Srepronema bicolor.... 28, 60, 31, 58 dicheenoides ..........-. S02 153 spilomeum.........0...seee 22; 90 SEPTORIA acerina. .......2:.: 25s 8i Aceris . ).02. i accee eee 33, 25 Albaniensis 3.33.2 32 32, 39 alnicola ..’. 200.522 Be". OF atropurpurea ......25525 33, 20 betulicola .. :<.).Siaseeee 34, 44 Calystegie ....-. -.aseeer 35, 137 Canadensis........ ee Tor sakes cannabina..... stasis 35; s137 Ge@fasinai.....:°. .. 2c eee 295.48 Oirsii®. 2 .: ... e222 35, 138 ecornicola . .....2%.,.ee eee 33, 20 COPYING «).\.;. eee 34, 44 Cucurbitacearum ....... 34, 44 Dalibardse ...... Sse 3852 59ON, Dentariz:...' eee 88y 29% destruens: ...2..02. eee 23°. 6b ‘Diervillese ...... sic. rie eee 38, 98 difformis ..... 22a 29, 48 emaculata’.. .\... 2 7 eee 29, 48 erigerontea .......7«s0ee 24, 87 fUMOSS .. .\..: > +22 38, 98 Galeopsis......... 00s 24, 44 Geis ai. i0 ote... ee 333) ae hedeomina:. .....+. 7 semen On = OZB herbarum... ....... 5.) =e OB: 4 90 i ise at A 2450) OT Hydrocotyles ...:\...i8r 34, 44 INCTEBCENS - ./-\h/schls ome 33; 28
STATE Musrtum or NATURAL HISTORY.
REPORT, PAGE,
Seproria Liriodendri ....... 23, NS De Bride cx 24, RISES oa cee aie s 33, PIVEUMACDICS .... 2.00.50: 38, MSETOSMELEW = wo, cn cick w 6! sSaleh 60's $3. TAO MNOSS. 0... 5. cb cmye s\shoe 28, microsperma............ 34, MERRIER As ooo os 35 oie 5 tnt plays LS eee 33, RIE a 0's a dieser aD, Oe ce 24. J = 23, Gemroleuca.............. Db: re 33, Ppastinacina ............. 33, eee ides ha aes 24, eae 34, oes alee eras 23, Loo AE 29, unicea Bemnter ae ayo 's..(Sallauars 38, VADs fx ak oe a 23, Lento bis) 1) tt ee 28, Le ihee 5 (7 Os ne 38, AME sso... 23, 54, 34, SPIN GHOe . aeeeere 25, ETE 1 rs or 28, 2. 23, Scrophulariz............ 28, ci Ob a ar ae 35, TIN se Se 38, Wi ee Se 29, 0 eee 33, Verbascicola ..... 28, 57, 31, (Ke afer) rr Oe Vit CO ay re 24, 87, 34, Viriditingens............ 23, EU eds 5 ea eee 25, Waldsteiniz ............ ale, N00 AGS ey ani ee 28, SEPTOSPORIUM Vvelutinum.... 32, SEsuvium pentandrum...... 26, Portulacastrum......... 24, DPTAMPAVITICGIS............... 34, SHEPHERDIA Canadensis..... 32, SIMBLUM rubescens ......... 33, SIROSIPHON Crameri......... 31, SISTOTREMA confluens....... 26, SISYMBRUM Canescens ....... 36,- Smiuax hispida....... 30, 69, 35, NOUMAUGONCOIOL A... seccy. oe 28, SOLENIA candida .,.......... 23, SLAC eg 28, IMIR, 2. oe os 25, Willose) Oe 31, BOLMDEGO Geala.. 2.1... s26.: of, ol) ee 27, EPERDULIS poe ase 5c ore ol, Lic | hil a 31, ER eee 31, Sonreria chordalis .......... 2s SOLORINA saccata............ 22, SPARGANIUM Minimum, 30, 69, 34,
SOO LOE ae e keih : SPATHULARIA flavida . .22, 87, 28, _ SPERGULARIA media,......... 23,
54
REPORT.
SPHERELLA Carpinea........ 28, ORT ALE ir ea te veld pn HEN 29, cOnigena ......... 33, 34, 38, GEURESAAN ss iy. eater sece 3, EU APCINOG 5 6. Soo «Aa eicn storeys 35, Impatientis ............. 30, INLGHSTIN CUO. nso oo de cicles 28, ee reieer Gog do wnree 34, TUDE VUES Wis acuta fn 22 Sola 33, OMIA tek foe as eee 28, OLVICUIADIS! hi x.55 choices 28, TOGUGUGE Eh. Worst te waar 33, septorioides 2222356. 74602 32, SPA Sa Miccs. 03-5, odared ep Mocha 28, SPH#ERIA acervalis........... 28, ACUIGANS 05 yess haere ade 24, BO MILE AUA era. 1s: Pkkael a ae 22, ACUMIIN AGA, 3/2.) N.7 crasters 22. albidostoma.........as.oes 32, amphicornis ............ Bills NCUA ys OF ona errr amen 23, APE CUERODEL: 5). 5: cca 27, bombarndaue io.0s2 soe 25, eresarlatas. s-uos-ssveee 29, Callistasee as: os 28, 77, 34, GARESCONSS 3); ssn: toe oe 26, (CHACON Sateen meio Ere 28, @apiullifera, os). =. c2cnuhteats 33, eennothinag s. 300.5 tke 29, cladosporiosa ........... 31, Clavyarnima) 5-(. 5; ace. 32, Chr omnnde,, |... Sh otice ace 30, Closterium: sone oe eae 30, Colinsitsi scenes 29. boa. COMMMCNIS)-..\. ee eenas a3: Coptisisis ote nate 24, CORY I). 20. Sakae. 22,100, 34, Crepint® 4p asks eee 31, CUMBIFT AG aid. 252 oc ase 29) @urvicolla (:.1.c4. acces Bile ID ANH enya sera ey man wee, 28, IDESMAZICTIS, «.(s0-b:4ae deere 22, iD Yeti ravoyo Wil) aa ee 26, Ko) Noy hi tra ale agp end nh 23° BEESWMET GA) Ne ac cree es 25, LON ALA: 2.65... . ae pace 23, epidermidis <= v5 5 Sade 22, exereltalisy .).. Seta aee 30, OME WAY. os. 0.5 weeps 30, (=p .cl! TS Se EEA. 6 29, (55.0001 te ere ner 28, 78; 31, fim riaitary. ie ae ee 22, ERTIES 8 to tian aces cere 29; MIMISeM ae. . oss voted a1, ASSUMAM UTS St oes ater 22. NTARTCOLM Fy lee sae eae 25, Pune doa fo hoes et AY PUSCe a Lio. vt ee eae 26, SNOMON ha eee aes sie PTA S es ee esr sas tlalscheae 23, VROSAM nes ety aoead ade 24, CEDARWM i. tetanic: dance 30, LOWUHSED TES He phe maa SR 25, DIGHISSIM aie fees hel, ere 28, PY ULINU TT LTA Paro cys) oe toe Sotelo 32,
L117
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REPORT. PAGE,
118
SpH#rRia infectoria.......... 32, INTOLSHOALIS( 2 ert cee ee 29, Rvtenertal et cs he ae 32, eel a PUI) oe seit es eer 25, Tapenade. 2260-4 [shee 27, POOTEN AN cet See eee 29, ledcoplacs. ..6.20.. 272.25 25, Hespaderwe): 660.2 ix ss 22, PCH KO Se eae 25, MIMEETOLINIS: 3/024. oe cei 22, Higa Gatherer ee Wea yee 32, Reger ih ey 6 eee ee 24, Maculsrormis’. 4/700. + 26, IWANGCIENSIS <5. s.,55chee us 31, melanostyla ...........- 25, metemuenar ee Ante neces 29, LaCUUCL) TSC Sh eee rR ReARS he 28, BNIMUteWae Asses oe oe 29, TOUR SS ee 28, MOBOSpPerMia, <+/. <a... = 28, IAGEDOSMAEE Mee ae tite eek one MOMLOTMIS.ehs = ceo 25, TOUTS eet sss 26, 87, 29, MYTIOCALPA Ya 5s.) + 22, iy Fog 120 Ee Ae ee eee: 22, Obducens.)..2..o0e sere ee 29, obtusissima ...... ere eee 29, OROSMOGMAN. ft 30, QOUNECAN nhs oat oe 24, orthogramma .......... Dik Gyan eee ea OE a 22, pais Se Ss Sa Ln eee 22, APMASSTED Pe |. atte oe ae 27, Weckiie foe. 3h perisporioides .......... 28, rey 8 ic be ah ae a RRA AR 22, petiolophila ............. 35, petiolorum® ... 2.0.65. 25, PemAlMay Coot. ie ee 25, pheeostromoides ........ 28, phellogena::). ...2-:.2 2-2. 31, PACOAG oe ee te 22, UEP BU So ae ate sta nee 27, PAPATNICOUA Nae. bene ae ete 28, Ou/e) Oni I She peter irerte ei sere 22), pUlenriseta.. sn. ¢- cee... 31, WIC ATI Soe bon aes 28, pulveracea..:............ 25, pulvispyrius..... Se in 22, PURCMIO“MIS.?*°...225%3 22, UIE oo es celal Ae oy 22, racemula.......:. 26, 87, 29, MOG NEE Bae Bite kia cbse elves ce 29, ATAU MNCOLD Sch 5 the See 25, VOSHUO UA 8 305i ins cet e 22, TITPOLACIENA 20. pct near 28, 11} 072) 1 Ee py a aera ea at te 25, SAL COL ORE ee sents bike aes 29, BAINCOLIOA ee teal e ten 25, sarmentorum ........... 26, Sarraceni& ....... 24,99, 29, SMUT Heme kts oes DB. ScApOpOIAt 250555. ee ee 30, =(10y 0) 0: eee i Ny widieh feos RCOIIBMOR.s4.5 otra cree 28,
ForTyY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
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52|SpHmRIA Semen....... 26, 87, 29, 61 smilacinina: . 2-22-25 eee 29, 51 Solidaginis. .<..22 2.9.2 24, 105 SOPGATIGt;.2)\) acct. See 22, 110 sorgophila 222.5 hee 31, 60 spermoides.<) 4:2. eee 29, 105 sphzerellula, . :.:.. ee 30, 99 spiculosa: ').d2/2.,2 eens 29, 104 Spina 22+ itn sae cee 29, 99 Sprazuel *: : <<. 45) saeeeee 23, 52 squalidula. .. 2 coeeceeee 29, 99 squamulata ...2.:62eeee 32, 86 staphylina: ....): Seep 26, 51 subconica +... 4-4 ses5eee 26, 105 subcorticalis :...2 72s 28, 62 subdenudata ..........- on 78 subiculatia ys: «a. s¢-eeeee 32, 62 taxicola . <:..- 773 eee 24, 80 thujina.). 2) 2c 27, 79 Piltee oo es)o5 oe ee 24, 60 tulbsefoOrmis) 4.7. sees 28, 104 Typhee 22-..2s See 31, 64 ulmmea 2) se FSee4 caer 22, 99 Urtice:. «oo: 325222 eee 28, 99 Vaccinicolac:: ...2.saneee 25, 60 ViacGcinil :2.. 22%. aceeeee 30, 61 valsoides:: +s: s=.eaeeee 28, 67 verbasciola:... -. .sssareee ye 99 viridella.: .::: S2easseeeere 30, 111 viridicoma........ 26, 87. 29, 99 xestothele «i :)./2iscseenee 30, 99 |SpH#ROGRAPHIUM _ hystrici- 111 DMS. 2s ee 5 52 lantanoides::>ss.-ceeee 38, 80 | SpH#RONEMA acerinum...... 24, 99 aurantiacum .. =a) sere 30, 144 C#SPitosum. 0.0... 25, 105 CONLORMO ic: 2% ec) 28, 104 GONSOTS* 0. Ak tee eee 22, 77 Coryli 0. 22 Eee eee 24, 50 Magnolis 2222.0 ere 26, 99 MINUtISSiM WM wee 25, 110 OXVSPOLUM |. <<. mieerres 28, 79 pallidum ~ -.) 25a nee 25, 100 ORUINOSUM :. <j cee 24, 50 Obinize... OSS eee 30, 79 Spini) d...05 22 22. eee : 104 subtile «...+.)2> See 24, 99 subulatum. 2 icce eee 24, 100 | SpHmROPSIS abundans....... 33, 100 alnicola 272... A cc 38, 65 anomalas. 1). ic. oem 24, 61 DifOrmis. 2.0... 4.02. seee 28, 104 brunneola. .....s:o0sseee 33, 99 Oandolléi:........... eee 23, 79 Oaryee’.. 6.25.0 vi0: ae 35, 104 celastrina ..i¢.).. snes 33, 61 CeOrasina'.. ..42.c.de.eeee 83, 104. Clintonil.:2..%-ceteeneee 28, 86 COMMING: +... = Seen eee 32, 70 Gallleeste. ©. 22258 A Hee 29, 99 insignis’. |.,2.°7008" eee 22, 66 lin@aris. y.k26% sn hee 25, 51 malorum ...25, 85, 31, 58, 34, 79 Menispermi.... 5... .03) 24,
oUt
STATE MUSEUM OF
REPORT, PAGE.
SPH#ROPSIS minima......... 30, tcl a tc 32, Pennsylvanica.......... 30, ME 2. ss eee 25,
liWo\ cave} he) 2 32, cu) 2 See one 25, Peres... see 24, PRGUTISNOFA -./....'..... 32, DPGMMIOMS 026.06. s ee 29, “3/10 er 25, TOL ee 38, Sli) VC i 28, Se GS) Os eee ans Soke eer a 32, SO 28, OE a 30. Gy Ride AS. oa Bye US 28,
SpH#ROTHECA Castagnei .... 25, PPOUNORRIe 2... -- 2-6... 38,
‘AUTURO Ss ae eee 25,
SPHERULINA Sambucina..... 38,
SPHAGNG@CETIS Hubneriana.. 27,
SpHaGNuM cymbifolium..... 22, fereensobni.... ......:... 22, EUSTON. 2. ies. 5 cs 228 1ik3y21| 2610 c0 eee a ae 27, resis) 1 gb). 22, Wulfianum....... 22, 56, 24;
SPHINCTRINA Cerasi ......... 24, MEMES ee eee 28, LA VLL OIG 02 7 ee a 29)
SprLocma concentrica....... 2 [20S ose ls See ee 23,
SPIRANTHES graminea....... vas Lr re 33,
Sprrocyra longata .......... 28,
SPONDYLOCLADIUM tenellum. 32,
SPORENDONEMA Musce...... 25,
SPORIDESMIUM concinnum .. 27,
29, WRT oe. esas 28, Werworme .............. D5! SS ie Ge 31, SHCTNIMTIN Soy ee sie chen 31,
SPOROBOLUS serotinus....... Ale
SporRocyBE abietina......... Sil (0 Ere 25, GoIBNOIGeR....>..5....., 22, PICODE os 8 one es a - 34, 12 Rich See ee 23, 61, 34,
SPOROTRICHUM alutaceum... 32, PVA kc . es oc 328 Bepenurouml,..:))...... 32, REESE reer kc: 32,
BRUMMEIA BIDAR... i8.2........ 26,
Spyripia filamentosa........ 2s
SracHysotrys lobulata...... 28,
StTaGonospora Smilacis...... 38,
SraticeE Limonium.......... oo:
STAUROTHELE circinata...... 26,
STEMoNITIS ferruginea...... 22, BOE 6. Poot ye ee ns 24, herbatica......... 26; 75,. 31, MPOraanl. 2.5.6. .03 a 255
NATURAL HISTORY. 119 REPORT. PAGE. 5
51|Srremoniris oblonga......... Zoe Oe 38 EV PMOUIES 3.00 Sa Lane ee aca es 25, 83 51 | STEREOCAULON condensatum, 24, 59 85 97, 114 24 Papenale vey oes nee 22, 66 85 LOMENLOSUME\.)- 01-2 22, 66 86|STEREUM acerinum.......... Pe kel: 38 albobadmamy 34°28 sae 24, 80 47 balsameum....... 27,99, 30, 75 86 DICOlOREC TR i ea ae sate a Peed Sth. 95 HANS IKS lOO, WANA ae aoteme 28, 52 56 COMMplIiCahiM ass aes 22) 86 24 COLEUS AMM, \ crate as 23, 53 24 Guntisiis .. See 24, 80 55 TASCAM =. Vole eer 22, 86 52 Trustuloswm ./.0 3% soe Pept SeiF 38 NUS UTI ee tiers De - 86 55 TMD PGAGUMING ese eae 22, 87 94 MEPlOGHUMD As an a reetee 33, 22 102 ochraceoflavum......... 22, 86 94. purpureum ...... 22) 86, 30,, “Tb 106 TAM a haw os ae, Coa 265. 72 91 TUBICINOS UM... ek. se 22, - 86 104 TUL SOS UNI ys) oleae 24, 80, 35, 147 56 sanguinolentum ........ BS) Baets! 56 SPAGICEUMAY 5.) oasig ire 22, 86 114 AT Gilt 01) 00 Waa pelea ie aes Nae 22, 86 56 PAA MMT Lee oe eras De Sb 102 TENeLrINVUMs. | ene a 26,012 97 VERSITOLIMO: ..2 60 he aes cscs ibm 68)| STIOPA CROcata, ....5..%..-.-5- 94, 57 95 glomerulifera........... 22 Gl 102 pulmionaria : 222) .i2.5 22, 61 55 GQMMORCIZANSH case hye ats 22, 61 135 Syilvablcat ay ake St eaae 22, 62 18|Sricris cylindrocarpa....... 30, 63 47 HU LKCTNOEs) Ree hr a, nial 29; +56 41 hysterina: 225544 .% ete 28; > 69 89 PUpUla Ys 2h Nd. eee 28, 69 103 GQUSTCEN A) Saat eer eee 28, 69 50 PaAGtaben ee St soe 2 Gore Bi SE 60 ViGESICOIOT: tant | Nese aoe OOF iG 89 | STILBOSPORA magna......... 23, 55 58 CO \YEZ 1112 Valea See OPO Vy ema ]I 43 Pia ylesse sy Shs oe eis 25, 88 114|Srinpum aurifilum .......... 283, 61 45 Ganaiduain) 2.2 atke goer 28. 61 93 erythrocephalum ....... 33, 28 94 HAWIOS nth creo nates 31, 45 49 giganteum ....... 24, 93,-31,, - 59 57 POUUMCIGUM: Hits eee 24, 93 44 PLEUINOEIPCS os aga 33, 28 44 FAMOSUIMNN | ce sac cctene eee 26, 78 44 IRN OSA oo .Jat fe oeeesee 24, 93 44 LISI UN! Ss). 23h ee Ton, ap 74 smaragdinum........... 29, 51 73 tOMeNTOSUML 2 ge. es Do.) OA 62 Will ation a te eres eee eae 290 od 98 | Strn1pHoRA rhizoides........ Be any (0 103} Stipa Richardsonii.......... BE als) 49 | STREPTOTHRIX abietina...... panes SB 89 ERD ie et GEN pate eo scree co 23, 61 84|Srysanus stemonitis ........ 29, 53 58|SyMPHRAGMIDIUM effusum.. 33, 27 43 | SyNALISSA Scheereri......... 28, 47
120
SyNCHITRIUM Anemones .... 32, TAPHRINA alnitorqua........ 33, UIE CaS eas eis teane Sate 32, TARAXACUM dens-leonis..... 23 TRCOMA‘TadiGans. J2%5.%)).% 2. aoe THALICTRUM anemonoides .. 23, 34, 53, 36,
PULRPULTASCENS< 2.2% Scie 22, TELEPHORA anthocephala ... 25, earyophyliea ... 2.5.25... 24, COLANOIGDES: M.S ls Sas 24, MAGILL Gs Sects Daceteeneok 23, allies eh sess 22, 86, 29, palmate. 65007 .34 eee yy PCOLCELALE 52.2002 DAN 25, LG belies. oer: ol eengee Boe MONOMER Ps cio chars eee aimee 35, POM WemItAI : leh ee 29, SeOaACeaAs. she Nae Aaa 24, SRECIOSE A StL u). ate ade 30,
MK LOPTESELISI Se soc ecm taro 22. DHE TITAMAOSCUTI =o). 2 cixcis ate oT. THELOSCHISTES candelarius.. 23, chrysophthalmus....... 22, PaMLOGIMUS isn kpareesenists 22, THyMus serpyllum .......... 23, PILTACAMETICAM A Soon: 26, MOLVERLGEA COMOSE:. «00/414. 38, 1100 611 0) 22 Hee g RI N 38, PATE NRL, \Sicic).! Sinis s ued ak _ 38, MORMRIS ANNTISCUS 04) ask 26, TORRUBIA capitata .......... 26, CLAMUL Aaa Ase ot olenl 28, SnLOMORTHIZAa Yi. sce. 27, ophioglossoides . 25, 100, 28, BUperheialis. |.) i slos.h4's 28, PHIRWEA TAME. oo. oh. eee May, CATER UU) sates 2) Locos 30, NET OALUIO C2555) ,\ eee 20) populima.. 25.555 .; 24, 88, 25, PAMVO SE! ses restores ss Rene 32, TTLOLINISI: SA eee a3; TRAMETES Odoratus.......... 27, BOPINEIY eres ote inne satelite 24, SUAMEOLENS). a), oceans eile pL oat A ee 32, ROME T ANALG G-\5/< 95's cute cice 25, UULMEINTNEY i20 aic oid acaiac neta 22, COLOTAUA S84. 0s). ree cre 25, ROUSE Licd ite (eles ste sr suckeioiee Gi chee 27, GPIB eo). woe bana eek 34, ROMACEE:, Mir oo etic eeu teeaeas 24,
PV GMC OSA ety. be ne pied 26, POGUINERCONS) 4)... uy iake 30, LIGIESCY=7C7E) 01s Rey Re i ite Mesenteriea... 2.65/35 22, mycetophila........../5. 28,
SAR COMIOS ai) eyes raiets orators 22, BULOADAI Ma vias ler Oe se pe 27, PUGHINOSD).:. » 05 .ch piesa tt 32, subochracea............. 34, MSI TLE, ie So pois ychchesaaarortiors 28, TRIBLIDIUM claveesporum. .. 35, IOP OLUITIN 5 dcts as salaried 31) (ERIGHIA :ClAWAtA fig) 6 vecm 22
* J. Wels Ab-T1+
“>
REPORT. PAGE,
39
FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT ON THE
REPORT, PAGE,
TRICHIA Chrysosperma...... 24, 84 fallax eco ak aoe 30, 50 INCGONSpicua 2. See SLi 42 pyriformis:.’/). +2. shea 24, 84 reniformis..... Papen es ite 26, 76 TUbILOrMIS': | ohne 22, 89 Scabran ty. yy ia Su ir 42 serpula 04. oS 24,- 84 turbiniata..<., yas 22oaseaee 22, 90 Varia... Jo 00.5 24, 84
TRICHOBASIS Gallice eters Lea 53) OWEN (Dota ae 23, 58, 30, 75 LPLGIC Ola... 2.5 aa eee 4, 89 hablatarum -35eseeeee 24; 89 suaveolens ...i/5. se naeae 24, 89 ToxicodendT 2). \. ae 25.12
TRICHODERMA viride......... 30, 2 S7
TriroLium hybridum ....... 30, 37 procumbens -\.2..aecaeen 23, 134
TRIGLOCHIN palustre......... 33, 35
TRILLIUM erectum.... 28, 84, 34, 56 erythrocarpum 9.49. ee 31, 53 grandifloriim. ae 38, 108
TRIMMATOSTROMA America-
PRU) Pe 1 Wapeme ata) TriIostEUM angustifolium... 34, 41 TRIPHRAGMIUM Clavellosum. 28, 55 TRiIpsacuM dactyloides ...... Ey TRISETUM mMOlles os ye eee pe rey: | TRITICUM Caninum .......... 31, 53
violaceum: 4.2 34, 42
TROGTAVAMNES 0, eee 29, 66, 31, 54 GHIS pal apes 29, 66, 38, 110
TRYPETHELIUM Virens........ 29-69
TuBER dryophilum.......... 33, 32
TUBERCULARIA Celastri...... 33, 28 contivense. a eee 22, 94 floccosaye 1M. eee 32, 40 granulata . 2) cic. ane 22, 93 hirtissima):>) 2. cn eee D2, wh NIGTICANS.s)) Ne 4 es subdiaphane: 2a eieaeee 32, 40 VUIZaTIS ..0 0 Le ee 22, 93
TuULOSTOMA fimbriatum. .... 28, 58
TUSSILAGO Tartare)... 38, 107
TYMPANIS acerina :.......... 31, 48 almeai:))... 2): eee 24, 97 conspersa’).) ... eee yi hele) Pyaxina 3255 eee 27,.'108 SVMOSA es ek sla ee 29, 56 Nemopanthis ........... 35, 142 picastra:...../:.) . nee 23, 62
tur bina: |) i.e 30, 62 Orpen Taiitolia a) oe suee ean 26, 88
PETIA) SUL CLN a): .\-cate ae 272 100 Grevillei'.\.\. eee DB. ose OVTANIS .:). 43.0 27, 100
Uutmus Americana .......... SL voe
Univa! latissimia. cee 22... 014 LINZ 9 4
Umepinicarta Dillenii........ 22, 68 INSU PO) sigs (2) <inap i SO a Muhlenbergii ........12) 22)" 68 Pennsylvanica........%. 4, 58 proboscidea :.... 6... nea 22, 68
1. 4 | STATE Museum or / ; REPORT, PAGE, UMBILICARIA pustulata...... 22, 68 UNGINULA adunca........... 23, <.66 Ampelopsidis ........... 25, . 96 OUTUAINEAIER 5 535, occkaiese Si acsieiey ie Dba Ob GATTI Se ie eas obs 25;,. 96 SEA cis os. = cipisis's » vin 26, 80 moniculata).........:.... 29,. 63 MMIMOLOSPORA |. ois -.)..)5 6 <j 00" 25, 96 MMe ka meee ok le 26, 8&0 INI Soc ee ete wis 8 26en SU URCEOLARIA scruposa........ 22, 65 URnDO eCidigides ........... 24, 88 PY WEIL s,s. es Beye | De oo 0b 9 (tr 24, 88 Ua) HSE Sa ee DEY Seams CCUG IIE Sg Re 29; 68 TUG eS See ee 22, Qi earyophyllacearum ..... 26, 78 (6) 30, 54 Omeerophyllis. 5... 3... Ea sy Cichoracearum. ......... PB a mir! EU CN Sh eee DOR) LOD N01) 7 re 2, 104 TIMES fing et 225.» 911 BIG TDIN pre ae helo vice go. 9355" 58 EIAMIGM Ne cae ses. oe es: One eR Howl ct ee ee D5. = 90 Leguminosarum........ 22, 92 [kbireaiih as t2 hy ee 22. 99, elyeonerum .......:...- 22, «=O MEOUIOUN EE. 2 Soc l icp. ceo sre = Dam IGD), “US ea a 233) ~./58 IIRC ae te As 5s 99. 995 25)" 109 f MMT ee oak! sw 5 ys ah 22, 91 MAUD ES OWGUUTIN Se 2s ts x ar cdns 22, 92 1 GC) OUR i a WOE “OD, PUTA LCN SS ara Soc ace vse lees 27, 104 POMGBSINIS . 2... 2 22, 91 WaeCGIMNIOTUM::5...% 6. .<. oie IT IWATA oor a 8 ccig, tig seve s DOr BOD WERNonA, Craterium..o.2..... 22, 96) WROCEEEIS OCCUlta......:..+.. 25, 90 Fey yeodes =i peony Lt: pi, 2 0 re Boy 90 ‘UROMYCES apiculosa......... 22, 92 appendiculata .......... 24, 90 WO oJ aa 24, 90 ROM ee 29, 50 Warp bocoien. se... .. 6. 25, 90 OPUMMEVETNUREMN 5 ado. sssts sve 0s 28). 61 CO GTE: Oe ee SOM Gon 1s 7) SELECT Sc oer DOr 9D, Lespedeze - procumben- SAA oo eee Doc 92 Lespedezie-violaceze .... 22, 92. 29, 68 MMM esos Messe 8s es aie 103) MUIR Py os 23, 58 | MUAGLOSPOTA... 52... sss. = 23, 58] Jee LHe een oe ee Oe Ol, | PEMIEOOLL [2c Seale wie c, oie ass 27, 103 | MOD 660A. hae se ae: 24, 891 Powmorphay..:. 2.6.0 ee. Bt 28} Peperormis: . 2.0002. B6E77 29, 69 BER Ee sfie'e s €i sie 24, 90, 33, 38 , 16
NATURAL HISTORY.
121
REPORT. PAGE.
URoMYCcEs Sparganii ........ 26, PRAROUU MS cee hn keane n ag 31\. Wiswmawbarbataie) 300k ese 22: PR GSSUINE ios, Secagelong 22 UstinaGco Candollei ......... 29 CAMTD OSs creas aerate 21, GESiTUONS ciclo u aaeiess 28, PUN BOWMTE, oo". Soke hel 27, SMUG nies ssa. DONOR OT longissima....... 24, 89, 27, Maydis.... 22, 92, 27,115, 34, Montagnei, 24, 89, 27,115, 28,
29,
aie sais eevee Ae ea 35, Salivieliy ese. e ae ca ers Aen 31, SCLOTM: ois | Neri Meeinieas 22, Syntherisme.... 27, 103, 27, UtRICWLOSA: .os80 28 PPM BA OAR ureeolorum....... PAE BELL
30, 75, 31,
UTRICULARIA purpurea...... ASS resupinata....... 6, 48, 30, SURTATAN ee wats oon eet psy, subulatal 7.2. Gleeson 31, VACCINIUM Geespitosum ..... 22 25,
Gorymbosuim: Aaa. 31, Pennsylvanicum........ 38, VALERIANA Officinalis ....... 23, VATS AADC DIS: <=, sce naeeaers BaF DACORUM 2H conta cree wee ce 28, AGROGYSUIS' >.--5 ob mee ote 33) ASIII abe Ti 00: eRe al tate eS Oe AMMDIOTIS' er Me ae seme yay ‘AIMCTICAMA: <0 Sees selseee 22, AUTOS is, ce eee ee eee oto 33,
lon crnaQerain aimed saad: 26, 86, 29, Carpimt:... ale vemeeee SBE CONERIPCLA was eceer ee ee 26, Cinetuila; /Koehraehee ae sot 29° COUN CUMS TS cc eee essa ee 25, COMP taser v.45 hele ate wes constellatay \ i suis Sata 22 COMING Alois cities, Sach ete taper 38, Crates ie Coase. Yate ee ail) FERMOT AMISH 5.2. oy. eres 28, ERAMIBICOL AY 10. (5'iohy . peyeyer a 29, ESI yen evcety, lO Mai eS 38, hapalOGyStiS.%'s.)-cseeee 25, DWTS ARMS L of. avats chau ptene 27, innumerabilis........... 30, juelan di cola, pyc... wae 30, Leipvestay 45 yee eee 28,
Le bASC Ae Us hes ee 29, LeWeostOntaacsne on Maceo 24, leucostomoides ......... 38, Mindences’, hace 29; TMMUCLOMaALAT. oes sere ior 28,
TAM AW AYG habeas sha eA ays 34,
LON INC Y 2 a nb Cat, seen eae Pa 22, ODS CUM Mrs weet. a): 28,
QD ULLLOM a. ieee go ois 8 38, ORV SPORAi wee ek oie 28, 73, 32, WAUCISPONAM es 4scee SBh DAWPSLAUA ss -jnyels eels seo 38,
77 43
122 Repor? on THE STATE Museum or NATURAL HISTORY.
REPORT. PAGE. : REPORT. PAu WAES#Pecteal ... 205 i 27, 109] VermMicuLaRia trichella ..... aL MTPETy tae ere ite eh eta 24, 99) Veronica Buxbaumil ...2277 Platan. 5). 0c stn ties « 25, 103) Verpa digitaliformis. .30, 59, 2, DEQUUSA 5) o sees oe: 25, 103 VERRUCARIA papillosa. ...... 25, (PLUNASCE «4 eee eee 28; 972, pinguicola \. > 7-seeeeeee 26, PPATMICOA C2). wis oe SP MBE pyrenophora . .. 7 gaeee 26, © puichellan: i. 2-5) Fe. ee 24, 98 Tupestris. |. 22. tee 26, pWlVinIeeDpsS 2.2.4 207 32, 50) VERTICILLIUM candidum..... 34, quaternata, \./..08. 5 25, 103 ‘Lactaril’. 3.23 eee 35, WOM eso avs nies cee ee De Te lateritivm..7 7.) cee 32, TAPIOSC@DNS =)... oss oa ees 302) 16 pulvereum <22°3305.essee 30, SIGMA see oe oe ee ee 24 98) VIBRISsEA lutea: ..2 22 sees 25, Sam OUCIMAL.. -oreocn ease 28, 75 trumcorum.- (eee 25, S12 gb RS) nn aT 32, 50} VINCETOXICUM nigrum....... 23, Sstilbostoma = \o2s4 eto) 22; 98 |. VioLA blanda:: ese 32, subclypeata...........-. 27, 109 Canadensis...) 23-42. 31, STEB CAT EST? tae Pe No Rie Te ten OB) 74a woucullatalacesuer 22, 102, 38, TOBSOVE ENE 25352554 2n oe eee 33, 34 Muhlenbergil. 7 22ge 32, mriclebolA POLAT SS 25, 103 pubescens ....-.2¢ seems 22, FOmMenteblay.-'-: .ehi en is eae vilce! Sellarkiicin3 2" ae 30, 68, 33, TrAMSlUeENS! oe). Oo: Sees) tricolor’: ..:..5.k eee 22, PACHOSPOLAa< sack soe es 29° . 58) VITIS-cestivalis) >... eee ; BUM CAR ee Fae aes 25, 103| WoLreta Columbiana ....... 22, jp 4a HE Ay 1 he Pe oh ga 29, 58] Woopsta glabella.... 23, 135, 25, Mabie oe SIRs tee 25, 103 hyperborea:.:. 5.42: eee 31, WOOLWORGNI. 2. 2522.02 28, 73| Woopwaropi4 Virginica..... 38, Manner ye. 2. SF $1,’ 49 | XYLARTA 20... 7. ee 31, VAUCHERIA velutina......... aoe AS acuta. <..25% oneeeee eee 25; VENTURIA Cassandre........ 38, 104 bulbosa-’..)3.23- =e 33, AGHIGEGOTIIGEE Brest tee aso ot ~98, 82 COMIMOrmMiIsse sees 24, 97, 28, GOIN PACT A. et Se 25, 106 digitata ... 24, 97, 30, 76, 31, CUMVISC LA is sce ee ee 35, 145 filiformis: 22. eee 25, Mickaete. 5 2k Lo ees oie. wish graminicola............- 26 Reanim ga 2 ec. eae 28, 82 grandis. .4.... ccoseeeeee 26, maculans......2,). 28, 81, 30, 77) Hypoxylon:.:.404e ces Oe eas ke et 98, 81 polymorpha: .:s2se-ase er 22, OLDICUIA! esos, er 95.) 105 | Xveis flex Wosdin.= eee 22, patcnellad «4. s.5) bees! 25, 106) ZANICHELLA palustris ....... 22, VERBENA bracteosa.......... 27, 90|Zasmiprum cellare .../5.....- VERMICULARIA albomaculata, 31, 43 | ZYGADENUS glaucus ......... 27, CATCANATIS hess 0s. os hee 34, 45 | ZYGNEMA insigne............ 32, POURRA 2.) %)- 22 soe? 32, 39/| ZyYGODESMUS bicolor......... 34, CONCENETICA <) sr... .)2 68S 29, 47 fUSCUS...... 25 sane eee 25, COMANAA GL. 5 ciatct ep estate 28, 58 hydnoides....... <5: caeneee 29, DSM AMUN... 1 /.2%).s bie 24, 86 olivaceus °2.).¢ 25. eee 25, WIA CEATUTME : (00, estae oe te 22° 90 PANOSUS .......-.-- 2+. 30,
PRR 5 oo 0): ele phe 24.) 86 rubiginosus)..... +. meeeee 30,
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